Cameron Davis
currently a student, beginner web designer & experienced theatre techieExperiences
20152015
Summer Camp Counselor
Shoalin Kung fu and Tai Chi Arlington, Virginia- Was responsible for the welfare of many tiny people
- Trained many in the art of self defense
Selected Projects
2019present
HB Technical Theatre
HB Woodlawn Secondary Program- Worked as prop designer for the play "Road Trip"
- Worked as sound designer for the plays "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "10:53", and "The Humans"
- Worked as stage manager for the plays "Final Performance" and "Queens of France"
20182019
Arlington Student Filmfest
HB Woodlawn Secondary Program- Submittd screenplay to a pannel of judges to have it reviewed and rated.
2019present
GitHub Repository
Arlington Career Center- Created Repostiory that acts as a digital portfolio showcasing all the web design projects I have worked on
- Has 250+ commits
Education
2017present
Highschool Diploma
Wakefield Highschool Arlington, VirginiaPresident's Scholarship
2019present
CIW Certification
Arlington Career Center Dual-Enrollment Arlington, VirginiaLearned the skills needed to design and develop websites


Represents a Float Placement simular to the one in the SDK with coordinate X,Y,Z and rotation X,Y,Z
Represents a position
Represents a orientation


Class: BasicObject
- Defined in:
- lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb
Overview
The legacy :should
syntax adds the following methods directly to
BasicObject
so that they are available off of any object. Note, however,
that this syntax does not always play nice with delegate/proxy objects.
We recommend you use the non-monkeypatching :expect
syntax instead.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) as_null_object
Tells the object to respond to all messages.
-
- (Object) null_object?
Returns true if this object has received
as_null_object
. -
- (Object) should_not_receive
Sets and expectation that this object should not receive a message during this example.
-
- (Object) should_receive
Sets an expectation that this object should receive a message before the end of the example.
-
- (Object) stub
Tells the object to respond to the message with the specified value.
-
- (Object) stub_chain
Stubs a chain of methods.
-
- (Object) unstub
Removes a stub.
Instance Method Details
- (Object) as_null_object
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Tells the object to respond to all messages. If specific stub values are declared, they'll work as expected. If not, the receiver is returned.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 286
|
- (Object) null_object?
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Returns true if this object has received as_null_object
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 297
|
- (Object) should_not_receive
Sets and expectation that this object should not receive a message during this example.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 226
|
- (Object) should_receive
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Sets an expectation that this object should receive a message before the end of the example.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 212
|
- (Object) stub
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Tells the object to respond to the message with the specified value.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 231
|
- (Object) stub_chain(method1, method2) - (Object) stub_chain("method1.method2") - (Object) stub_chain(method1, method_to_value_hash)
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Stubs a chain of methods.
Warning:
Chains can be arbitrarily long, which makes it quite painless to
violate the Law of Demeter in violent ways, so you should consider any
use of stub_chain
a code smell. Even though not all code smells
indicate real problems (think fluent interfaces), stub_chain
still
results in brittle examples. For example, if you write
foo.stub_chain(:bar, :baz => 37)
in a spec and then the
implementation calls foo.baz.bar
, the stub will not work.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 254
|
- (Object) unstub
This is only available when you have enabled the should
syntax.
Removes a stub. On a double, the object will no longer respond to
message
. On a real object, the original method (if it exists) is
restored.
This is rarely used, but can be useful when a stub is set up during a
shared before
hook for the common case, but you want to replace it
for a special case.
|
|
# File 'lib/rspec/mocks/syntax.rb', line 243
|


Before Change
return self.worker.wait(*args, **kwargs)
def remote(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.worker.remote(*args, **kwargs)
def call_remote(self, instance: "ClientStub", *args, **kwargs):
return self.worker.call_remote(instance, *args, **kwargs)
After Change
""max_calls", or "max_restarts", like "
""@ray.remote(num_returns=2, "
"resources={\"CustomResource\": 1})".")
assert len(args) == 0 and len(kwargs) > 0, error_string
return remote_decorator(options=kwargs)
def call_remote(self, instance: "ClientStub", *args, **kwargs):
call_remote is called by stub objects to execute them remotely.


Changelog pyGPs v1.2
June 30th 2014
structural updates:
- input target now can either be in 2-d array with size (n,1) or in 1-d array with size (n,)
- setup.py updated
- “import pyGPs” instead of “from pyGPs.Core import gp”
- rename ”.train()” to ”.optimize()”
- rename “Graph-stuff” to “graphExtension”
- rename kernelOnGraph to “nodeKernels” and graphKernel to “graphKernels”
- redundancy removed for model.setData(x,y)
- rewrite “mean.proceed()” to “getMean()” and “getDerMatrix()”
- rewrite “cov.proceed()” to “getCovMatrix()” and “getDerMatrix()”
- rename cov.LIN to cov.Linear (to be consistent with mean.Linear)
- rename module “valid” to “validation”
- add graph dataset Mutag in python file. (.npz and .mat)
- add graphUtil.nomalizeKernel()
- fix number of iteration problem in graphKernels “PropagationKernel”
- add unit testing for covariance, mean functions
bug fixes:
- derivatives for cov.LINard
- derivative of the scalar for cov.covScale
- demo_GPR_FITC.py missing pyGPs.mean
July 8th 2014
structural updates:
- add hyperparameter(signal variance s2) for linear covariance
- add unit testing for inference,likelihood functions as well as models
- NOT show(print) “maximum number of sweep warning in inference EP” any more
- documentation updated
bug fixes:
- typos in lik.Laplace
- derivative in lik.Laplace
July 14th 2014
documentation updates:
- online docs updated
- API file updated
structural updates:
- made private for methods that users don’t need to call


DH_INSTALLCRON(1) Debhelper DH_INSTALLCRON(1) NAME dh_installcron - install cron scripts into etc/cron.* SYNOPSIS dh_installcron [debhelperÂ options] [--name=name] DESCRIPTION dh_installcron is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing cron scripts. FILES debian/package.cron.daily debian/package.cron.weekly debian/package.cron.monthly debian/package.cron.hourly debian/package.cron.d Installed into the appropriate etc/cron.*/ directory in the package build directory. OPTIONS --name=name Look for files named debian/package.name.cron.* and install them as etc/cron.*/name, instead of using the usual files and installing them as the package name. SEE ALSO debhelper(7) This program is a part of debhelper. AUTHOR Joey Hess<EMAIL_ADDRESS>9.20120909 2011-09-12 DH_INSTALLCRON(1)


This is the 2nd part of an in-depth look at how companies running Kubernetes can approach implementing the recommendation of PCI’s guidance for container orchestration. The previous installment looked at authentication, and there’s also an overview post and some notes on the complexity of assessing security in Kubernetes which might be worth reading before getting in to this part. An index of the posts in this series can be found here.
Section 2 - Authorization
Authorization is generally the second step, after authentication, in providing users access to a system’s resources and Kubernetes is no different in that regard. Kubernetes supports a number of different types of authorization, and uses a cumulative method to assess a client’s rights, so it’s important to understand the supported methods in a given cluster and review each of them.
The Kubernetes documentation has a good list of authorization modes. In general the most used authorization methods, for user access, are RBAC and Webhook authorization which is sometimes used by managed Kubernetes distributions to integrate with Cloud IAM services. Node authorization is a specialist mode designed to control the rights of kubelet services and ABAC is generally no longer in use.
Section 2.1
Threat - Excessive access rights to the container orchestration API could allow users to modify workloads without authorization.
Best Practice - Access granted to orchestration systems for users or services should be on a least privilege basis. Blanket administrative access should not be used.
Details - This is a fairly standard “least privilege” style security recommendation but there are a couple of Kubernetes specific cases to consider. Firstly, Kubernetes has a number of built-in clusterroles (edit
, view
and cluster-admin
) which provide a general set of resource access. clusters should not make use of those roles but instead ensure that they review what access users actually require and provide only that access. In particular cluster-admin
should not be used as this provides completely unrestricted access to the cluster using wildcard (*
) operators.
Section 2.2
Threat - Excessive access rights to the container orchestration tools may be provided through the use of hard-coded access groups.
Best Practice - a. All access granted to the orchestration tool should be capable of modification. b. Access groups should not be hard-coded.
Details - With Kubernetes there is one specific instance where a hard-coded admin group is used, which is the use of the system:masters
group. Any user or service which is a member of this group automatically has cluster-admin access. It’s important to note that this access works even if all RBAC rules are removed and any requests from a user in this group are not even sent to authorization webhooks for review, they’re just approved at the API server level.
This group was put in place to provide a “break glass” access in the case that a cluster operator had broken the RBAC system, however it is often used by Kubernetes distributions with the first user in the cluster, which can lead to cluster operators continuing to use it for general administration.
Users and services should not be added to this group. If a credential with this access is required, it should be held in a secrets management system and accessed only when required.
Section 2.3
Threat - Accounts may accumulate permissions without documented approvals.
Best Practice - Use manual and automated means to regularly audit implemented permissions.
Details - On the face of is, this is a pretty general requirement to review authorization to Kubernetes clusters on a regular basis, however there are some nuances which should be understood when reviewing Kubernetes authorization.
As mentioned earlier there are multiple authorization methods, so if a cluster has RBAC and Webhook authorization activated, the rights contained in both systems need to be reviewed.
In-built Kubernetes tooling (e.g. kubectl auth can-i --list
) only takes accounts of the rights supplied via RBAC so it’s important to note that other tools are needed for webhook authorization reviews.
Then we come to the sticky problem which we mentioned in the authentication post, that Kubernetes doesn’t have a user database. What Kubernetes RBAC does is just take the usernames, group names, requested resource, and requested action and match them against the rules in the RBAC system. It has no idea, for example, how many users are in a group. This makes traditional authorization review techniques a bit tricky.
Essentially the only way to do it reliably is to look at each enabled authentication method, and then go to the repository of user information for that method and get things like group memberships there, an approach which should work for things like OIDC authentication.
A tricky point here is around client certificate authentication as there is generally no record of what the content of an approved client certificate was, after it’s been approved, so you’re reliant on some form of external record keeping to assess access of client certificates.
Another thing to be aware of when reviewing access to Kubernetes clusters is that there are quite a few resources that can allow for privilege escalation, so they need to be accounted for in the review. There’s a Kubernetes documentation page covering privilege escalation risks
Another area to watch for when using automated RBAC review tooling is that Kubernetes doesn’t make it easy/possible to enumerate all resource types and operations (this post on virtual verbs in Kubernetes has some details), so care should be taken when relying on them.
Conclusion
The PCI recommendations for Authorization are a pretty standard set of good practices for multi-user systems, however enforcing them for Kubernetes does require people to take account of some peculiarities in how Kubernetes operates when implementing them. In our next part we’ll be looking at section 3 of the guidance on the topic of Workload security.


Setting the Site Logo
How to set the logo for this site as well as update the favorite icon. The site logo displays on pages where the applied skin contains the Logo skin object. A site logo is typically displayed in the top left corner of all site pages.
- Navigate to Admin > Site Settings.
- Optional. Click on the country flag icon associated with the culture (language) to be updated. This field only displays when multiple languages are enabled. See "Viewing a Site in a Secondary Language"
- Select the Basic Settings tab.
- Expand the Appearance section.
- At Logo, select from these options:
-
To select an existing file:
- At Folder, select the folder where the file is located.
- Selecting the required file from the File drop down list.
A small image of the selected file is now displayed at this field.
-
Upload a new file:
- Clicking the Upload File link.
- Clicking the Browse... button.
- Selecting the file from your computer.
- Clicking the Save File link. The uploaded file is automatically selected and a small image of the selected file is now displayed at this field.
-
Click the Update button.
The Site Logo


Corner
Extends:
Corners are used to define Walls.
Constructor Summary
| Public Constructor | ||
| public |
constructor(floorplan: Floorplan, x: Number, y: Number, id: String) Constructs a corner. |
Member Summary
| Public Members | ||
| public |
this member was deprecated. Not in use. The EventDispatcher from threejs is used for emit and listen events
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
this member was deprecated. Not in use. The EventDispatcher from threejs is used for emit and listen events
|
|
| public get |
|
|
| public set |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
this member was deprecated. Not in use. The EventDispatcher from threejs is used for emit and listen events
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
|
| Private Members | ||
| private |
|
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
adjacentCorners(): Corner[] Gets the adjacent corners that are connected to this corner by walls (Wall). |
|
| public |
Attaches an end wall. |
|
| public |
attachRoom(room: Room): void |
|
| public |
attachStart(wall: Wall) Attaches a start wall. |
|
| public |
clearAttachedRooms(): void |
|
| public |
combineWithCorner(corner: Corner) Get wall from corner. |
|
| public |
detachWall(wall: Wall) Detaches a wall. |
|
| public |
distanceFrom(point: Vector2): Number Returns the distance between this corner and a point in 2d space |
|
| public |
distanceFromCorner(corner: Corner): Number Gets the distance from a corner. |
|
| public |
distanceFromWall(wall: Wall): Number Gets the distance from a wall. |
|
| public |
fireAction(action: *) |
|
| public |
fireOnAction(func: *) Add function to action callbacks. |
|
| public |
fireOnDelete(func: *) Add function to deleted callbacks. |
|
| public |
fireOnMove(func: *) Add function to moved callbacks. |
|
| public |
getAttachedRooms(): Room[] |
|
| public |
getX(): * this method was deprecated.
|
|
| public |
getY(): * this method was deprecated.
|
|
| public |
isWallConnected(wall: Wall): boolean Checks if a wall is connected. |
|
| public |
|
|
| public |
Moves corner to new position. |
|
| public |
relativeMove(dx: Number, dy: Number) Moves corner relatively to new position. |
|
| public |
remove() Dispatches an event when removed from the floorplan(Floorplan) instance. |
|
| public |
Removes all the connected corners and itself. |
|
| public |
Ensure we do not have duplicate walls (i.e. |
|
| public |
snapToAxis(tolerance: Number): Object |
|
| public |
When a corner is moved from its location it will impact the connected rooms (Room) shape, thus their areas. |
|
| public |
Get wall from corner. |
|
| public |
Get wall to corner. |
|
| public |
wallToOrFrom(corner: Corner): Wall Get wall to or from corner. |
Public Constructors
Public Members
public action_callbacks: * source
public attachedRooms: Array source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| attachedRooms | Array | Array of rooms that have walls using this corner |
public deleted_callbacks: * source
public floorplan: Floorplan source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| floorplan | Floorplan | Reference to the model floorplan |
public id: String source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| id | String | The id of this corner. Autogenerated the first time |
public moved_callbacks: * source
public wallEnds: Array source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wallEnds | Array | Array of walls that are end walls |
public wallStarts: Array source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wallStarts | Array | Array of walls that are start walls |
public x: Number source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| x | Number | The position in x dimension |
public y: Number source
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| y | Number | The position in y dimension |
Private Members
Public Methods
public adjacentCorners(): Corner[] source
Gets the adjacent corners that are connected to this corner by walls (Wall).
public attachEnd(wall: Wall) source
Attaches an end wall.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wall | Wall | A wall. |
public attachRoom(room: Room): void source
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| room | Room | The room that should be attached to this corner |
Return:
| void |
public attachStart(wall: Wall) source
Attaches a start wall.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wall | Wall | A wall. |
public combineWithCorner(corner: Corner) source
Get wall from corner.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| corner | Corner | A corner. |
public detachWall(wall: Wall) source
Detaches a wall.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wall | Wall | A wall. |
public distanceFrom(point: Vector2): Number source
Returns the distance between this corner and a point in 2d space
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| point | Vector2 |
public distanceFromCorner(corner: Corner): Number source
Gets the distance from a corner.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| corner | Corner | A corner. |
public distanceFromWall(wall: Wall): Number source
Gets the distance from a wall.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wall | Wall | A wall. |
public fireAction(action: *) source
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| action | * |
public fireOnAction(func: *) source
Add function to action callbacks.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| func | * | The function to be added. |
public fireOnDelete(func: *) source
Add function to deleted callbacks.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| func | * | The function to be added. |
public fireOnMove(func: *) source
Add function to moved callbacks.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| func | * | The function to be added. |
public isWallConnected(wall: Wall): boolean source
Checks if a wall is connected.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| wall | Wall | A wall. |
public remove() source
Dispatches an event when removed from the floorplan(Floorplan) instance. The event object contains reference to this Corner instance as item.
Emit:
Example:
let corner = new Corner(floorplan, 0, 0);
function cornerRemoved(e) { console.log('I WAS REMOVED FROM LOCATION ', e.item.x, e.item.y) };
corner.remove();
public removeAll() source
Removes all the connected corners and itself. This in essence removes all the walls(Wall) this corner is connected to.
Example:
let corner1 = new Corner(floorplan, 0, 0);
let corner2 = new Corner(floorplan, 10, 0);
function cornerRemoved(e) { console.log('I WAS REMOVED FROM LOCATION ', e.item.x, e.item.y) } //Will log twice for two corners;
corner.removeAll();
public removeDuplicateWalls() source
Ensure we do not have duplicate walls (i.e. same start and end points)
public snapToAxis(tolerance: Number): Object source
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| tolerance | Number | The tolerance value within which it will snap to adjacent corners |
public updateAttachedRooms() source
When a corner is moved from its location it will impact the connected rooms (Room) shape, thus their areas. This will update the rooms
Example:
let corner = new Corner(floorplan, 0, 0);
corner.move(10, 0);
public wallFrom(corner: Corner): Wall source
Get wall from corner.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| corner | Corner | A corner. |


VEHICLE TRACKING AND FLEET MANAGMENT SYSTEM
Customer Logo
Live
Vehicle Information
Vehicle View
Vehicle Map View
Vehicle information
Vehicle I/O List
Reports
Settings
Driver Scheduling
Vehicle Service
Geofency
Fuel
Location Entry
Route
Route Scheduling
Configuration
Vehicle Master
Driver Details
Vehicle Groups
Alert
User
No Movement
School
Student Entry
Welcome to Test
Log out
Schedule Entry
Route Schedule Entry
Schedule Name:
Select Route :
Select
Effective from
Start Date:
End Date:
Repeat On :
Sunday
Monday
Tueday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Alart Type :
SMS:
Email:
Vehicle No
Select
Sl no
Location
Action
Copyright
Neha Software Technologies © 2016


Vodka also supports AJAX! You would have to handle menu events and define AJAX and non-AJAX pages though.
{LOREM}
Load!


OneNote to Markdown
Copy a OneNote content to the clipboard.
Ctrl + C
Paste it into the box below.
Ctrl + V
Below will be displayed the markdown output.
Open dev tools to see details.
F12
Output...


v0.4 documentation
Calloway
Table of Contents
index
next
Main Page
Introduction to Calloway
Installation
Getting Started
Migrating an Existing Django Project to Calloway
Template Projects
Media Configuration
Application bundles in settings
Reference
Enter search terms or a module, class or function name.
Calloway
¶
Contents:
Introduction to Calloway
Design Principles
Don’t Assume.


If you are using a public email service (e.g. not a server run by you), you can only specify your
real email address
as the sender email address else the SMTP server will either ignore the specified sender address or reject sending the email completely.
Some email services allow connecting multiple email accounts.


Companies can gain significant business advantage by sharing information and services with customers, partners and employees – but this easy exchange of data and access increases risk.
In order to be remarkable and run better, you should act faster and predict faster. If you want to make any quick decision or if you want to know complete info of your business at your fingertips, here comes Synapse Analytics Solutions.
SAP HANA Cloud Platform is an open platform-as- a-service that provides unique in-memory database and application services.
In a changing business environment, many enterprises are struggling to connect the dots between the potential of mobility, business needs and business applications.
Every day businesses are not able to take accurate and fast decisions, sometimes they are making delayed decisions.
For Organizations to achieve operational and strategic objectives, outsourcing the management of their SAP landscape can provide many benefits including lowering the cost of recruiting and maintaining skilled resources and delivering consistent quality service to users.


Latest Preston North End injury news ahead of Derby County clash
Derby County latest - The Rams are back in action following the international break on Saturday when they welcome Preston to Pride Park
by Jamie KemblePreston North End are fit and ready for their trip to Pride Park Stadium this weekend.
The Lilywhites head to Derby in fine form, sitting second in the table and only two points behind leaders West Bromwich Albion.
On Saturday, they will be looking to continue their fine start to the campaign against a Rams side sitting 16th in the table after a bumpy start.
And they will be helped by a clean bill of health.
An update on Preston's official website today confirmed captain Tom Clarke and Josh Harrop have recovered from knee and hamstring injuries respectively, both coming through a behind-closed-doors game this week.
Derby County latest
This is your round up of all things Derby; the one-stop shop that will keep you updated on the latest goings on at Pride Park and beyond.
Transfers, injuries, match-days and managers, we’ve got you covered.
We’ll be bringing the very latest on the Rams throughout the week and around the clock.
Make sure you keep yourself updated with our handy daily catch up...
Must reads...
- Fitness news update on Derby County top scorer Tom Lawrence
- What Derby County boss Phillip Cocu has said about those Feyenoord job rumours
- 'He is strong' - Derby boss issues injury update on defender Matt Clarke
- 'The chance' - How Derby County can bridge a three-year gap with Preston clash
- 'Double headache' - issues facing Derby boss Phillip Cocu ahead of Preston clash
For all your latest Rams news, opinion, analysis and transfer gossip, click here
You can follow our Rams reporter Steve Nicholson on Twitter, and his email address is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>North End will also be boosted by the return from suspension of Ben Pearson, and only one player will definitely miss out.
Louis Moult is recovering from an ACL injury suffered in August.
Derby are expecting to benefit from the return of Scott Malone, while Tom Lawrence will recover from illness.
The Rams will, however, likely be without Tom Huddlestone, who continues to battle hamstring issues.


Review: Starship Troopers
I know that Greek guy who is able to make the most absurd humorous remarks while keeping a completely straight face. Occasionally that leaves you wonder if he just meant that last statement or whether he's just pulling your leg again. I, too, appear to have that ability with a few people. Some time ago we had an environmentaly conscious guest in our house, and I could drive her up the wall with the most outrageous anti-environmentalist opinions. It took her quite a while until she finally realized provocation was exactly what I was aiming at, and nothing else.
What does that have to do with Starship Troopers?
I've seen the movie (twice by now) and enjoyed it immensely. I'm going to watch it a couple of times more. Afterwards I read the critiques, accusing it of bad taste, of cliche characters, of naive soap opera schtick, of totally implausible science and action, of fascist, Nazi subtext, and I couldn't believe it!
Don't you get it?
THE MOVIE IS A JOKE! A JOKE! A SATIRE! It is so from the title credits through the end credits. And it's not involuntary humor. That movie was made with the sole intent of parodying the fascist, militarist vision of the future in Heinlein's novel, Starship Troopers. And display an amazing barrage of mindless F/X in the bargain.
The depiction of the civilian life is, as many have pointed out yet, reminiscent of Melrose Place. The propaganda movie sequences you see from time to time remind one of WWII propaganda, part German, part American. The barren alien planetscapes look like they're straight out of Calvin's "Spaceman Spiff, Interplanetary Explorer Extraordinaire" fantasies, and just like them they're populated solely by hostile, alien, bug-eyed monsters. The news coverage at the beginning of the invasion of Klendathu (even that silly name would have made me rest my case--if it weren't an invention of Heinlein's) is, of course, "Gulf War, sponsored by CNN" all over. When people get gored and dismembered you can't help but have the duel between Arthur and the Black Knight in Monty Python's Quest for the Holy Grail spring to mind.
A few critics asked how you were supposed to care about such cheesily constructed characters. Answer: You don't. You're not supposed to, for crying out loud.
Someone mentioned that with the action set in Buenos Aires and even called B.A. and all the characters rather WASPish despite their Spanish last names it all was more than a little reminiscent of the L.A. of Beverly Hills 90210. Why, you don't say! Didn't it occur to you that that might have been the point?
(Everybody sing: "I want to BE A part of B.A. Buenos Aires, Big Apple!")
When the hero's cute love interest flies a shuttle to the ship she's supposed to pilot she does so in a way that I'm guessing little girls playing dolls imagine Barbie to go on a joyride--probably breaking every law in the book, stretching design specifications to the limit, but it's all right, because she's a "natural pilot," good at everything. Nothing could possibly go wrong with her at the helm. Just a wild guess, but I think it's really no coincidence the character actually looks like a lifesize Barbie doll.
When the three main characters vow to stay friends, and the smart guy mentions it's highly unlikely they'll see each other again, you just know they'll be united by the end. When the soldier carrying the radio equipment is caught by a giant bug and the squad leader shoots him saying "I expect anybody to do the same for me!" you know someone is going to have to do it for him soon. You also know that someone is going to have a moment of hesitation, needing encouragement from the one about to die. It's all war movie cliche so old it has a beard to trip over. And it all belongs in there.
When Carl Jenkins finally struts in wearing an SS uniform and talks about the survival of the species, "us vs. them," that should have been the last straw of realization. (Hint: replace "species" with "race.")
Accusing that movie of cheesiness and implausibility is like accusing The Naked Gun and Airplane of the same deficiencies. I don't get it. If someone's managed to switch off their disbelief in Mars Attacks and Men in Black and to just laugh, what kept them from doing the same here? The fact it didn't say "surreal comedy" in the trailer?
Actually that is a problem. The hype appears to be targeted at the wrong audience. When I told a saleswoman at the bookstore I patronize, who hadn't seen the movie yet, about its deliberate absurdity, she replied you couldn't possibly tell that from the advertising.
It takes about 10 minutes into the flick to fully recognize it for what it is, but unlike with e.g. Men in Black you don't know what to expect BEFORE the lights go down, unless someone has told you. Many weren't told, methinks, and they appeared to be less capable adapting. A lot of the audience who thought it sucked were probably among the target group who love Star Wars but wouldn't understand Spaceballs. Or my Greek friend. Or me.
Go and watch this movie. It's cool beyond measure. However, enjoy it the way you enjoyed Men in Black (Uniform), not Star Wars or Alien.
Ulrich Schreglmann<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://www.forwiss.de/~uhschreg/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| NEED DIRECTIONS? Click a street address of any meeting location and an interactive map, courtesy of Google Maps, will appear in this frame for easy reference. (A.A. does not endorse nor have any affiliation with Google Maps and is not responsible for their content.) |
| SPECIAL CODES: C
(CLOSED for Alcoholics & for those "with a desire
to stop drinking.") M (for Men Only) W (for Women Only) LGBT (Lesbian/Gay/Transgender/Bisexual) BS (Babysitting Available) * (Wheel Chair Access) ASL (Signed for Hearing Impaired) CF (Child Friendly) |
| TIME | NAME OF MEETING/ADDRESS | CODES | LOCATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| 07:00A | SATURDAY STEPS TO PROMISES Club 3064 Borrego Valley Rd |   | BORREGO SPRINGS |
| 07:00A | EASTLAKE GREENS ATTITUDE ADJUSTMENT Church 1227 Eastlake Parkway | * | EASTLAKE |
| 07:30A | SATURDAY EYE OPENER GROUP Church 8964 N Magnolia Ave | * | SANTEE |
| 07:30A | SAT MENS EARLY AWAKENING Restaurant 8910 Troy St | C M * | SPRING VALLEY |
| 07:45A | GRAPE STREET SUNRISE Club 1944 30th St | * | GOLDEN HILL |
| 08:00A | NEW BEGINNINGS Apartment Bldg Cafeteria 550 14th St | * | DOWNTOWN |
| 08:00A | SISTERS IN SOBRIETY Church 7111 La Jolla Blvd | * W | LA JOLLA |
| 08:15A | HAUL YOUR HINEY OUT OF BED Club 6727 Flanders Dr, #106 | * BS | MIRA MESA |
| 08:45A | PRIMARY PURPOSE GROUP Church (2nd Fl in rear) 1050 Thomas Ave | PACIFIC BEACH | |
| 09:00A | ROCKET RIDERS Restaurant 5150 Waring Rd | C M * | ALLIED GARDENS |
| 09:00A | WOMEN TO WOMEN Church 1227 Eastlake Parkway | C W * | EASTLAKE |
| 09:00A | MT. SOLEDAD MENS Church 6551 Soledad Mountain Rd | C M * | LA JOLLA |
| 09:00A | SONS OF GOD Church 7715 Draper Ave (enter from Eads Ave) | M | LA JOLLA |
| 09:00A | WOMEN'S JOY OF LIVING Church (on 3rd by alley) 8360 Lemon Ave | W ASL | LA MESA |
| 09:00A | SATURDAY AM. LIVE Church 5940 Kelton Ave | C W | LA MESA |
| 09:00A | JUST US GIRLS Church 9573 Los Coches Rd | W CF | LAKESIDE |
| 09:00A | MISSION HILLS BRUNCH BUNCH Restaurant 4023 Goldfinch St | MISSION HILLS | |
| 09:15A | SATURDAY MORNING SANITY Church (alley Fireside Room) 4690 Palm Ave | C W | LA MESA |
| 09:30A | ONE STEP AT A TIME AT MISSION BAY Table So/Info Booth Mission Bay Park @ Clairemont Dr & 1-5 | CLAIREMONT | |
| 09:30A | LA MESA WOMENS SAT MORNING Senior Center 8450 La Mesa Blvd | C W Children under 12 ok | LA MESA |
| 09:30A | SPIRITUAL AWAKENING Coffee Shop 4590 Park Blvd | LGBT | UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS |
| 10:00A | CORONADO BEGINNERS AA Club 950 Orange Ave (rear Alley) |   | CORONADO |
| 10:00A | WHITE FLAG OUTDOORS North Embarcadero Park (by white flag) at End of Kettner Blvd If there is an event at the park, the alternate meeting place is: Pantoja Park G St @ India St (near kettner) |   | DOWNTOWN |
| 10:00A | LATE RISERS Club 938 E. Washington St | * | EL CAJON |
| 10:00A | GOD SQUAD TOO Church Room 205 3900 Cleveland Ave | C W | HILLCREST |
| 10:00A | WHISTLING IN THE DARK - MENS Church-upstairs 3030 Thorn St | C M | NORTH PARK |
| 10:00A | NORTH SHORES BREAKFAST DISC Club 4861 Cass St |   | PACIFIC BEACH |
| 10:00A | POINT LOMA SATURDAY MORNING Church - outside 3598 Talbot St | * | POINT LOMA |
| 10:00A | RAMONA WAY OF LIFE Church 1010 San Vincente Rd | * | RAMONA |
| 10:30A | MENS JELLY DONUT Office Bldg 5107 Waring Rd | M | ALLIED GARDENS |
| 10:30A | SOBER ON SATURDAY BOOK STUDY Club 2229 Bacon St | * | OCEAN BEACH |
| 11:00A | STEPS TO RECOVERY GROUP Church School-Music Rm 293 H St | * C | CHULA VISTA |
| 12:00N | NORTH CLAIREMONT SAT NOONERS Rec Center (Rm 2) 4421 Bannock Ave | * | CLAIREMONT |
| 12:00N | STREAMVIEW DAYTIME Recv Hm 5855 Streamview Dr |   | COLLEGE |
| 12:00N | REBELS WITH A CAUSE Church 1430 Melody Lane | * C Does not sign slips | EL CAJON |
| 12:00N | HIGH NOON CROSSTALK Club-upstairs 4861 Cass St | PACIFIC BEACH | |
| 12:00N | SOBER SATURDAY Store 8790 Cuyamaca St #D | * CF | SANTEE |
| 12:00N | SATURDAY NOONERS Club 5065 Logan Ave #103 | * | SOUTH EAST SAN DIEGO |
| 01:00P | LAKESIDE DRUNKS (Discussion) Church 9573 Los Coches Rd | C * Does not sign slips | LAKESIDE |
| 01:30P | BEGINNERS BIG BOOK STUDY Store 4736 Clairemont Mesa Blvd. | * | CLAIREMONT |
| 02:00P | IMPROVING CONSCIOUS CONTACT Office Bldg 5107 Waring Rd | ALLIED GARDENS | |
| 02:00P | WE ARE NOT SAINTS Recv Hm 2980 Cedar Street | GOLDEN HILLS | |
| 02:00P | WOMEN THRIVING TOGETHER Club 6901 Central Ave | W * | LEMON GROVE |
| 02:30P | SATURDAY AFTERNOON DISCUSSION Club-downstairs 4861 Cass St |   | PACIFIC BEACH |
| 03:00P | SATURDAY OPEN DISCUSSION Store 4736 Clairemont Mesa Blvd. | * | CLAIREMONT |
| 03:00P | STRENGTH IN WOMEN Club 1430 Meloday Lane | W * | EL CAJON |
| 03:00P | GRUPO GRINGO (ENGLISH) 2 blocks E of Las Brisas Hotel Avenida Mar Mediterranean #36 B |   | ROSARITO BEACH |
| 05:00P | SOLUTIONS NOT EXCUSES Church 7929 La Mesa Blvd | * C Does Not Sign Slips. | LA MESA |
| 05:00P | GOLDMINE SPEAKERS MEETING Club 6727 Flanders Dr, #106 | * | MIRA MESA |
| 05:00P | RAMONA FREE THINKERS Club 1710 Montecito Rd | RAMONA | |
| 05:00P | WOMEN TLC Church 11240 Clairemont Mesa Blvd | W * | TIERRASANTA |
| 05:30P | DO OR DIE GROUP Club 6901 Central Ave | * | LEMON GROVE |
| 06:00P | SAT NIGHT EARLY DISCUSSION Church 4540 El Cerrito Dr | COLLEGE | |
| 06:00P | SUNDOWNERS Serv Center 485 Broadway St #E | * | EL CENTRO |
| 06:00P | HOW IT IS TODAY Church 5940 Kelton Ave | LA MESA | |
| 06:00P | PB PRIMARY PURPOSE Club-Upstairs 4861 Cass Street |   | PACIFIC BEACH |
| 06:00P | HWY 80 AA Library 28804 Old Hwy 80 | * | PINE VALLEY |
| 06:00P | SOBEARITY Club 1730 Monroe Ave | LGBT * | UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS |


Commerce
Type:
Rarity:
≤ Bid <
≤ Ask <
≤ Supply <
≤ Demand <
≤ (Ask / Bid) <
≤ (Demand / Supply) <
Restore Defaults
Submit
Row Count: 0
Item
Type
Rarity
Bid
Ask
Supply
Demand
Ask / Bid
Demand / Supply
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This topic describes how to contribute to the Carbon project.
We welcome your feedback and contributions!
Write tests with Pester. Tests go in the Tests
directory. Tests should always
clean-up after themselves and strive to leave an operating system in the exact state
it was in before the test fixture ran.
Unfortunately, we only have the resources to run our tests on a 64-bit Windows 2012 R2 and 7 computer. Any donations to the project would be used to purchase licenses and hosting for running our tests on 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows 7, Windows 2008 R2, and Windows 2012 R2.
Carbon uses semantic versioning (see http://semver.org/). Carbon version numbers
take the form X.Y.Z: X is the major version, Y is the minor version, and Z is the
patch version. The patch version is incremented when backwards-compatible bug
fixes are made. You should feel comfortable rolling out a new patch version
quickly, with limited testing. The minor version is incremented when new,
backwards-compatible changes are introduced, or existing functions are deprecated.
You'll probably want to review the release notes and test those bits that changed
since the last release. The major version is incremented when
backwards-incompatible changes are made. In this case, you'll need to do thorough
testing, and upgrade your scripts to use new functionality.
We use spaces for indenting. Each level of indent (i.e. "tab") should be four spaces. This is default in the PowerShell ISE.
Use camel-casing for all function names, including abbreviations three letters or longer, e.g. Install-Msmq, Install-IisWebsite. Capitalize all letters in one or two letter abbreviations, e.g. Test-OSIs32Bit.
All function parameter and module variables names must be capitalized, e.g. $Path
,
$Name
, etc. All variable names should be lowercase, e.g. $result
, $csprojXml
.
Variables that contain a path should end in Path
, e.g. $csprojPath, $websitePath.
Always use an approved PowerShell verb.
If possible, use an approved PowerShell parameter name.
Use a prefix for all functions that manage a common area of Windows, e.g. Iis for all IIS-related functions, Msmq for MSMQ-related functions, etc.
All functions must have synopsis, description, and example documentation.


A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U W misc
| abort | Signal an error, warning, or message. |
| along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| are_na | Test for missing values. |
| arg_inspect | Inspect an argument |
| arg_inspect_ | Inspect an argument |
| arg_missing | Generate or handle a missing argument |
| as_bytes | Coerce to a raw vector. |
| as_character | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_closure | Convert to closure. |
| as_complex | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_double | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_env | Coerce to an environment. |
| as_env.character | Coerce to an environment. |
| as_env.default | Coerce to an environment. |
| as_env.environment | Coerce to an environment. |
| as_env.NULL | Coerce to an environment. |
| as_function | Coerce to function. |
| as_generic_expr | Set and get an expression. |
| as_integer | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_lang | Coerce an object to a name or call. |
| as_list | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_logical | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_name | Coerce an object to a name or call. |
| as_native_character | Coerce to a character vector and attempt encoding conversion. |
| as_native_string | Coerce to a character vector and attempt encoding conversion. |
| as_pairlist | Coerce to pairlist. |
| as_string | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| as_symbol | Coerce an object to a name or call. |
| as_tidy_quote | Coerce expressions to a tidy formula quote. |
| as_utf8_character | Coerce to a character vector and attempt encoding conversion. |
| as_utf8_string | Coerce to a character vector and attempt encoding conversion. |
| bare-type-predicates | Bare type predicates |
| base_env | Scope environments |
| bytes | Create a raw vector. |
| caller_env | Get the environment of the caller frame. |
| caller_fn | Get the environment of the caller frame. |
| caller_frame | Get the environment of the caller frame. |
| call_depth | Call stack information |
| call_frame | Call stack information |
| call_inspect | Inspect a call. |
| call_stack | Call stack information |
| child_env | Get an environment. |
| chr | Construct a character vector or a string. |
| chr_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| chr_encoding | Set encoding of a string or character vector. |
| chr_set_encoding | Set encoding of a string or character vector. |
| cnd_abort | Signal a condition. |
| cnd_error | Create a condition object. |
| cnd_message | Create a condition object. |
| cnd_signal | Signal a condition. |
| cnd_warning | Create a condition object. |
| coerce_lang | Dispatch on call type. |
| coerce_type | Dispatch on base types. |
| coercion | Coerce an object to a base type. |
| cpl_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| current_frame | Call stack information |
| data_source | Evaluate a formula |
| dbl_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| dots | Extract dots |
| dots_inspect | Inspect dots |
| dots_inspect_ | Inspect dots |
| dots_node | Extract dots |
| duplicate | Duplicate an R object. |
| empty_env | Get the empty environment. |
| env | Get an environment. |
| env<- | Assignment operator for environments. |
| env_assign | Assign objects to an environment. |
| env_assign_promise | Assign a promise to an environment. |
| env_assign_promise_ | Assign a promise to an environment. |
| env_bind | Assign objects to an environment. |
| env_bury | Bury bindings and define objects in new scope. |
| env_clone | Clone an environment. |
| env_define | Assign objects to an environment. |
| env_get | Get an object from an environment. |
| env_has | Does an environment have or see bindings? |
| env_parent | Get an environment. |
| env_set | Set an environment. |
| env_set.environment | Set an environment. |
| env_set.formula | Set an environment. |
| env_set.function | Set an environment. |
| env_set_parent | Set an environment. |
| env_tail | Get an environment. |
| env_unbind | Remove bindings from an environment. |
| eval_depth | Call stack information |
| eval_frame | Call stack information |
| eval_stack | Call stack information |
| exiting | Create an exiting or in place handler. |
| expr_eval | Evaluate an expression in an environment. |
| expr_label | Turn an expression to a label. |
| expr_text | Turn an expression to a label. |
| fn_env | Return the closure environment of a function. |
| fn_env<- | Return the closure environment of a function. |
| fn_fmls | Extract arguments from a function |
| fn_fmls_names | Extract arguments from a function |
| frame_dots | Extract dots |
| frame_dots_node | Extract dots |
| frame_position | Find the position or distance of a frame on the evaluation stack. |
| f_env | Get/set formula components. |
| f_env<- | Get/set formula components. |
| f_label | Turn RHS of formula into a string/label. |
| f_lhs | Get/set formula components. |
| f_lhs<- | Get/set formula components. |
| f_rhs | Get/set formula components. |
| f_rhs<- | Get/set formula components. |
| f_text | Turn RHS of formula into a string/label. |
| f_unwrap | Unwrap a formula |
| get_expr | Set and get an expression. |
| global_env | Scope environments |
| global_frame | Call stack information |
| has_length | How long is an object? |
| has_name | Does an object have an element with this name? |
| have_names | Is object named? |
| inform | Signal an error, warning, or message. |
| inplace | Create an exiting or in place handler. |
| int_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| invoke | Invoke a function with a list of arguments. |
| is_atomic | Type predicates |
| is_bare_atomic | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_bytes | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_character | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_double | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_env | Is object an environment? |
| is_bare_integer | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_integerish | Is a vector integer-like? |
| is_bare_list | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_logical | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_numeric | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_raw | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_string | Bare type predicates |
| is_bare_vector | Bare type predicates |
| is_binary_lang | Is object a call (language type)? |
| is_bytes | Type predicates |
| is_call_stack | Is object a stack? |
| is_character | Type predicates |
| is_chr_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_closure | Is object a function? |
| is_condition | Is object a condition? |
| is_cpl_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_dbl_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_definition | Definition operator. |
| is_dictionary | Is object named? |
| is_dot_symbol | Is object a ..n symbol? |
| is_double | Type predicates |
| is_empty | Is object an empty vector or NULL? |
| is_env | Is object an environment? |
| is_eval_stack | Is object a stack? |
| is_expr | Is an object an expression? |
| is_false | Is object identical to TRUE or FALSE? |
| is_formula | Is object a formula? |
| is_frame | Is object a frame? |
| is_function | Is object a function? |
| is_integer | Type predicates |
| is_integerish | Is a vector integer-like? |
| is_int_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_lang | Is object a call (language type)? |
| is_lgl_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_list | Type predicates |
| is_logical | Type predicates |
| is_missing | Generate or handle a missing argument |
| is_na | Test for missing values. |
| is_named | Is object named? |
| is_null | Type predicates |
| is_pairlist | Is an object an expression? |
| is_parsable_literal | Is an object an expression? |
| is_primitive | Is object a function? |
| is_primitive_eager | Is object a function? |
| is_primitive_lazy | Is object a function? |
| is_raw | Type predicates |
| is_scalar_atomic | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_bytes | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_character | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_double | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_integer | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_integerish | Is a vector integer-like? |
| is_scalar_list | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_logical | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_raw | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scalar_vector | Scalar type predicates |
| is_scoped | Scope environments |
| is_stack | Is object a stack? |
| is_string | Scalar type predicates |
| is_symbol | Is an object an expression? |
| is_symbolic | Is an object an expression? |
| is_tidy_quote | Coerce expressions to a tidy formula quote. |
| is_tquote | Coerce expressions to a tidy formula quote. |
| is_true | Is object identical to TRUE or FALSE? |
| is_unary_lang | Is object a call (language type)? |
| is_vector | Type predicates |
| lang | Create a call by "hand" |
| lang_args | Extract arguments from a call |
| lang_args_names | Extract arguments from a call |
| lang_fn | Extract function from a call |
| lang_head | Return the head or tail of a call object. |
| lang_homogenise | Standardise a call against formal arguments. |
| lang_modify | Modify the arguments of a call. |
| lang_name | Extract function name of a call |
| lang_standardise | Standardise a call. |
| lang_tail | Return the head or tail of a call object. |
| lang_type_of | Dispatch on call type. |
| lgl_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| locally | Evaluate an expression within a given environment. |
| lst_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| maybe_missing | Generate or handle a missing argument |
| missing | Missing values. |
| modify | Modify a vector. |
| names2 | Get names of a vector. |
| na_chr | Missing values. |
| na_cpl | Missing values. |
| na_dbl | Missing values. |
| na_int | Missing values. |
| na_lgl | Missing values. |
| new-vectors | Create new vectors. |
| new_chr | Create new vectors. |
| new_cnd | Create a condition object. |
| new_cpl | Create new vectors. |
| new_dbl | Create new vectors. |
| new_definition | Definition operator. |
| new_fn | Create a function by "hand" |
| new_formula | Create a formula object by "hand". |
| new_int | Create new vectors. |
| new_lgl | Create new vectors. |
| new_lst | Create new vectors. |
| new_raw | Create new vectors. |
| new_tidy_quote | Create a tidy quote by hand. |
| node | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_caar | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_cadr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_car | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_cdar | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_cddr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_cdr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| node_tag | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| ns_env | Get the namespace of a package. |
| ns_env_name | Get the namespace of a package. |
| ns_imports_env | Get the namespace of a package. |
| op-definition | Definition operator. |
| op-get-attr | Infix attribute accessor. |
| op-na-default | Replace missing values. |
| op-null-default | Default value for 'NULL'. |
| pairlist | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| parse_expr | Parse R code. |
| parse_exprs | Parse R code. |
| parse_f | Parse R code. |
| parse_fs | Parse R code. |
| pkg_env | Scope environments |
| pkg_env_name | Scope environments |
| prepend | Prepend a vector. |
| prim_name | Name of a primitive function |
| raw_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| rep_along | Helper to create vectors with matching length. |
| restarting | Create a restarting handler. |
| return_from | Jump to or from a frame. |
| return_to | Jump to or from a frame. |
| rst_abort | Jump to the abort restart. |
| rst_exists | Restarts utilities. |
| rst_jump | Restarts utilities. |
| rst_list | Restarts utilities. |
| rst_maybe_jump | Restarts utilities. |
| rst_muffle | Jump to a muffling restart. |
| scalar-type-predicates | Scalar type predicates |
| scoped_env | Scope environments |
| scoped_names | Scope environments |
| set_expr | Set and get an expression. |
| set_latin1_locale | Set the locale's codeset for testing. |
| set_mbcs_locale | Set the locale's codeset for testing. |
| set_names | Set names of a vector. |
| set_node_caar | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_cadr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_car | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_cdar | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_cddr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_cdr | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_node_tag | Helpers for pairlist and language nodes. |
| set_utf8_locale | Set the locale's codeset for testing. |
| splice | Splice objects and lists of objects into a list |
| stack | Call stack information |
| stack_trim | Trim top call layers from the evaluation stack. |
| string | Construct a character vector or a string. |
| str_encoding | Set encoding of a string or character vector. |
| str_set_encoding | Set encoding of a string or character vector. |
| switch_lang | Dispatch on call type. |
| switch_type | Dispatch on base types. |
| symbol | Create a symbol or list of symbols. |
| symbols | Create a symbol or list of symbols. |
| tidy_capture | Capture an expression and evaluation environment. |
| tidy_defs | Tidy quotation of multiple expressions and dots. |
| tidy_eval | Evaluate a formula |
| tidy_eval_env | Create a tidy evaluation environment. |
| tidy_eval_env_cleanup | Create a tidy evaluation environment. |
| tidy_eval_lhs | Evaluate a formula |
| tidy_eval_rhs | Evaluate a formula |
| tidy_interp | Process unquote operators in a captured expression. |
| tidy_quote | Tidy quotation of an expression. |
| tidy_quotes | Tidy quotation of multiple expressions and dots. |
| tidy_quote_expr | Untidy quotation of an expression. |
| type-predicates | Type predicates |
| type_of | Base type of an object. |
| UQ | Tidy quotation of an expression. |
| UQE | Tidy quotation of an expression. |
| UQF | Tidy quotation of an expression. |
| UQS | Tidy quotation of an expression. |
| warn | Signal an error, warning, or message. |
| with_attributes | Add attributes to an object. |
| with_env | Evaluate an expression within a given environment. |
| with_handlers | Establish handlers on the stack. |
| with_handlers_ | Establish handlers on the stack. |
| with_restarts | Establish a restart point on the stack. |
| with_restarts_ | Establish a restart point on the stack. |
| %@% | Infix attribute accessor. |
| %|% | Replace missing values. |
| %||% | Default value for 'NULL'. |
| := | Definition operator. |


public final class File
extends java.lang.Object
MPI_File
.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
File(Comm comm,
java.lang.String filename,
int amode)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_OPEN using MPI_INFO_NULL . |
File(Comm comm,
java.lang.String filename,
int amode,
Info info)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_OPEN . |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
callErrhandler(int errorCode)
Java binding of the MPI operation
MPI_FILE_CALL_ERRHANDLER . |
void |
close()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_CLOSE . |
static void |
delete(java.lang.String filename)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_DELETE using MPI_INFO_NULL . |
static void |
delete(java.lang.String filename,
Info info)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_DELETE . |
int |
getAMode()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_AMODE . |
boolean |
getAtomicity()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_ATOMICITY . |
long |
getByteOffset(long offset)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_BYTE_OFFSET . |
Errhandler |
getErrhandler()
Java binding of the MPI operation
MPI_FILE_GET_ERRHANDLER . |
Group |
getGroup()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_GROUP . |
Info |
getInfo()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_INFO . |
long |
getPosition()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_POSITION . |
long |
getPositionShared()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_POSITION_SHARED . |
long |
getSize()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_SIZE . |
int |
getTypeExtent(Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_TYPE_EXTENT . |
FileView |
getView()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_GET_VIEW . |
Request |
iRead(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IREAD . |
Request |
iReadAll(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IREAD_ALL . |
Request |
iReadAt(long offset,
java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IREAD_AT . |
Request |
iReadAtAll(long offset,
java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IREAD_AT_ALL . |
Request |
iReadShared(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IREAD_SHARED . |
Request |
iWrite(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IWRITE . |
Request |
iWriteAll(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_ALL . |
Request |
iWriteAt(long offset,
java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_AT . |
Request |
iWriteAtAll(long offset,
java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_AT_ALL . |
Request |
iWriteShared(java.nio.Buffer buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_SHARED . |
void |
preallocate(long size)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_PREALLOCATE . |
Status |
read(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ . |
Status |
readAll(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL . |
void |
readAllBegin(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL_BEGIN . |
Status |
readAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL_END . |
Status |
readAt(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_AT . |
Status |
readAtAll(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL . |
void |
readAtAllBegin(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL_BEGIN . |
Status |
readAtAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL_END . |
Status |
readOrdered(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED . |
void |
readOrderedBegin(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED_BEGIN . |
Status |
readOrderedEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED_END . |
Status |
readShared(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_READ_SHARED . |
void |
seek(long offset,
int whence)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SEEK . |
void |
seekShared(long offset,
int whence)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SEEK_SHARED . |
void |
setAtomicity(boolean atomicity)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SET_ATOMICITY . |
void |
setErrhandler(Errhandler errhandler)
Java binding of the MPI operation
MPI_FILE_SET_ERRHANDLER . |
void |
setInfo(Info info)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SET_INFO . |
void |
setSize(long size)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SET_SIZE . |
void |
setView(long disp,
Datatype etype,
Datatype filetype,
java.lang.String datarep)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SET_VIEW using MPI_INFO_NULL . |
void |
setView(long disp,
Datatype etype,
Datatype filetype,
java.lang.String datarep,
Info info)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SET_VIEW . |
void |
sync()
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_SYNC . |
Status |
write(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE . |
Status |
writeAll(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL . |
void |
writeAllBegin(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL_BEGIN . |
Status |
writeAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL_END . |
Status |
writeAt(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT . |
Status |
writeAtAll(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL . |
void |
writeAtAllBegin(long offset,
java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL_BEGIN . |
Status |
writeAtAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL_END . |
Status |
writeOrdered(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED . |
void |
writeOrderedBegin(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED_BEGIN . |
Status |
writeOrderedEnd(java.lang.Object buf)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED_END . |
Status |
writeShared(java.lang.Object buf,
int count,
Datatype type)
Java binding of
MPI_FILE_WRITE_SHARED . |
public File(Comm comm, java.lang.String filename, int amode) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_OPEN
using MPI_INFO_NULL
.comm
- communicatorfilename
- name of the file to openamode
- file access modeMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public File(Comm comm, java.lang.String filename, int amode, Info info) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_OPEN
.comm
- communicatorfilename
- name of the file to openamode
- file access modeinfo
- info objectMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void close() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_CLOSE
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public static void delete(java.lang.String filename) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_DELETE
using MPI_INFO_NULL
.filename
- name of the file to deleteMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public static void delete(java.lang.String filename, Info info) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_DELETE
.filename
- name of the file to deleteinfo
- info objectMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setSize(long size) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_SIZE
.size
- size to truncate or expand fileMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void preallocate(long size) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_PREALLOCATE
.size
- size to preallocate fileMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public long getSize() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_SIZE
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Group getGroup() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_GROUP
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public int getAMode() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_AMODE
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setInfo(Info info) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_INFO
.info
- info objectMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Info getInfo() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_INFO
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setView(long disp, Datatype etype, Datatype filetype, java.lang.String datarep) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_VIEW
using MPI_INFO_NULL
.disp
- displacementetype
- elementary datatypefiletype
- filetypedatarep
- data representationMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setView(long disp, Datatype etype, Datatype filetype, java.lang.String datarep, Info info) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_VIEW
.disp
- displacementetype
- elementary datatypefiletype
- filetypedatarep
- data representationinfo
- info objectMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public FileView getView()
MPI_FILE_GET_VIEW
.public Status readAt(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_AT
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readAtAll(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeAt(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeAtAll(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iReadAt(long offset, java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IREAD_AT
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iReadAtAll(long offset, java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IREAD_AT_ALL
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iWriteAt(long offset, java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_AT
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iWriteAtAll(long offset, java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_AT_ALL
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status read(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readAll(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status write(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeAll(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iRead(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IREAD
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iReadAll(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IREAD_ALL
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iWrite(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IWRITE
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iWriteAll(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_ALL
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void seek(long offset, int whence) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SEEK
.offset
- file offsetwhence
- update modeMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public long getPosition() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_POSITION
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public long getByteOffset(long offset) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_BYTE_OFFSET
.offset
- offsetMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readShared(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_SHARED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeShared(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_SHARED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iReadShared(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IREAD_SHARED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Request iWriteShared(java.nio.Buffer buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_IWRITE_SHARED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readOrdered(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeOrdered(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void seekShared(long offset, int whence) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SEEK_SHARED
.offset
- file offsetwhence
- update modeMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public long getPositionShared() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_POSITION_SHARED
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void readAtAllBegin(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL_BEGIN
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readAtAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_AT_ALL_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void writeAtAllBegin(long offset, java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL_BEGIN
.offset
- file offsetbuf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeAtAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_AT_ALL_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void readAllBegin(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL_BEGIN
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ALL_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void writeAllBegin(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL_BEGIN
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeAllEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ALL_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void readOrderedBegin(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED_BEGIN
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status readOrderedEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_READ_ORDERED_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void writeOrderedBegin(java.lang.Object buf, int count, Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED_BEGIN
.buf
- buffercount
- number of items in buffertype
- datatype of each buffer elementMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Status writeOrderedEnd(java.lang.Object buf) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_WRITE_ORDERED_END
.buf
- bufferMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public int getTypeExtent(Datatype type) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_TYPE_EXTENT
.type
- type of dataMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setAtomicity(boolean atomicity) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_ATOMICITY
.atomicity
- true to set atomic mode, false to set nonatomic modeMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public boolean getAtomicity() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_ATOMICITY
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void sync() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SYNC
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void setErrhandler(Errhandler errhandler) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_SET_ERRHANDLER
.errhandler
- new MPI error handler for fileMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public Errhandler getErrhandler() throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_GET_ERRHANDLER
.MPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.public void callErrhandler(int errorCode) throws MPIException
MPI_FILE_CALL_ERRHANDLER
.errorCode
- error codeMPIException
- Signals that an MPI exception of some sort has occurred.


Consider the alphabet or string C made up of characters x, and y. As x and y are the elements with lowest frequencies, in-order. The two character a and b in C are such that
…… (1)
Now, because the frequency of x and y are the least in the entire alphabet in-order then,
…… (2)
…… (3)
From equation (1), (2) and (3)
…… (4)
As from Lemma, y has the second lowest frequency so
…… (5)
From the equations (4) and (5)
Hence it proves that in the lemma “In an alphabet the frequency of a character is and if the characters x and y are the characters with minimum frequency in the set. The prefix code for is optimal for which x and y are of same length with the difference in the last bit.” if then,
.
Full binary tree is a tree in which each node has two children except the leave node. In binary code word left child of any node is represented by 0 and right child of node is represented by 1.
• Consider a tree T that is not a full binary tree. Since the tree is not full so there is a node n that have only one child node x.
• The edge between the node n and x, add the bit either 0 or 1 in prefix code.
• In order to get the optimal prefix code if someone remove the edge and replace node n with x, thus the length of prefix code is reduced by one. It means the tree after removing the edge represent same alphabet with a lower cost.
Hence, the binary tree that is not full cannot correspond to an optimal prefix code.
Consider the following diagram that is not full binary tree to prove a binary tree that is not full cannot correspond to an optimal prefix code.
Figure-1
• In the above Figure-1 each character is represented by a unique binary string such as:,,and.
• In this binary tree each character has variable length, here the two bit string represent a, b and d, and the three bit string 100 represent c.
• In order to get optimal prefix code, remove the edge between m and c and replace m by c.
Figure-2
Since the Figure-2 is full binary tree and the length of character c is reduced by 1, so the binary string for character c will be 10.
Hence, the binary tree that is not full cannot correspond to an optimal prefix code.
The idea of the proof is to take the tree T, with n leaves on representing the induction hypothesis. The induction hypothesis applies on the number of leaves in T.
Consider that the case, when n=1, it means trivially true to representing the tree in optimal frequencies.
The different Case when n = 2 and let the x and y two characters appears as a leaf with the root(parent) node C, then the cost of the tree T is as shown below:
Hence, the above statement is proved the theorem is true for n=2.
Consider that n > 2 and check the theorem is true for n> 2 or not for the tree on n-1 leaves.
Consider a and b are the two leaves of the parent root node c. After deleting the node, a and b, assume the tree is obtained T’ by the induction method:
from the induction theorem, the tree is concluded that:
Thus, using from the above information, compute the cost of the tree T.
Thus, from the above computation is concluded that the theorem statement is true for n>2 also.
Hence, from the above cases n =1, n =2, and n > = 2 is concluded that the tree for a code as the sum, all over the internal nodes, is the combined frequencies of the two children of the node. It has expressed as the total cost of the tree.
Consider the all alphabet C in decreasing order such that each character with an attribute.
Since optimal code for codeword is represented by full binary tree and each node of full binary tree is defined by level number.
Consider the following diagram to prove, if all character are arrange in decreasing order of frequency then the codeword length increases monotonically.
• In the above diagram leaves node are represented by rectangles and contaings a character and its frequency.
• All internal nodes are represented by circles and containing the frequency of their children.
In the above diagram each character is arranged in descending order according to their frequency so the frequency of each character is as follows:
…… (1)
In binary code word left child of any node is represented by 0 and right child of node is represented by 1 so each character of above diagram is represented by a unique binary code-word such as:
,,,, and ……(2)
Here the length of each character is increased monotonically.
In equation (1) all character are arrange in descending order and equation (2) show the length of each character that monotonically increased.
Hence, from equation (1) and equation (2) it clear that if all character are arrange in descending order of their frequency then there exist the optimal code whose code-word is monotonically increase.
8-bit fixed length coding:
Consider that the file contains characters of 8-bit code. That is, each character is represented using 8-bit fixed length.
Then, if the file contains n characters, the cost (number of bits to encode all the characters) is 8n bits.
Huffman coding:
It is known that the Huffman algorithm always generates a full binary tree and assigns prefix code to each character.
• Consider that a data file has k different characters and .
• Consider that the maximum character frequency and minimum character frequency are Fmax and Fmin respectively.
• If the data file has the characters such that, , then the Huffman algorithm generates a complete binary tree with all the leaves will have depth j .
• Since, each character has depth j, each character requires j bits to be encoded.
It is given that the data file has 256 different characters. k=256=28 and the file has the characters such that .
Therefore, the Huffman algorithm generates a complete binary tree and all the 256 characters have depth 8.
Since each character has A depth 8, each character requires 8 bits to be encoded.
The cost to encode all the characters(n) in the file = 8n .
From (1) and (2), it is clear that the Huffman coding is not efficient than ordinary 8-bit fixed-length code.
Hence, Huffman coding is not efficient than fixed length code, if the data file contains characters such that .


fun byOperator(operator: Operator): AssociationRuleTieBreaker
Adds an additional criteria to the current tie-breaking strategy, which performs tie-breaking according to a specific operator. I.e., if an association rule reaches a greater performance according to the given operator, it is sorted before the other one.


name: inverse layout: true --- class: center, middle, inverse # Python and Openstack ## Quick tour on some libraries Sylvain Bauza Python User Group Grenoble, 27/02/2014 --- # Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Pecan and WSME 3. Cliff 4. Stevedore 5. Oslo --- # $ id ## At Bull, working on a FOSS project named [XLCloud](http://www.xlcloud.org) ## Openstack _Active Technical Contributor_, in particular with Compute and Reservation services --- class: img_full # But what the ... is Openstack ? ![Openstack Conceptual diagram](pyug_src/openstack-software-diagram.png) --- class: img_full # No, wait, Openstack is that ! ![Openstack logical diagram](pyug_src/openstack-logical-diagram.jpg) --- class: img_full # Hold on, I saw that... ![Openstack Horizon Dashboard](pyug_src/openstack-horizon.jpg)] --- class: img_col # CI/CD are not offensive words .left-column[ ### Review system with Gerrit ] .right-column[ ![Review of a patch](pyug_src/gerrit_patch.jpg)] ] --- class: img_col # CI/CD are not offensive words .left-column[ ### Review system with Gerrit ### Zuul Pipeline ] .right-column[ ![Zuul overview](pyug_src/zuul_overview.jpg)] ] --- class: img_col # CI/CD are not offensive words .left-column[ ### Review system with Gerrit ### Zuul Pipeline ### Jenkins tests ] .right-column[ ![Jenkins checks](pyug_src/gerrit_jenkins.jpg)] ] --- # OK but Python by itself ? ## Per-project coding --- # OK but Python by itself ? ## Per-project coding ## Efforts for sharing good practices --- # OK but Python by itself ? ## Per-project coding ## Efforts for sharing good practices ## A set of common libraries containing code shared in Openstack --- # OK but Python by itself ? ## Per-project coding ## Efforts for sharing good practices ## A set of common libraries containing code shared in Openstack ## ...and some other external libraries (say hello to Pypi.openstack.org) --- class: center, middle, inverse ## Pecan and WSME [pɪˈkɑn] and [ˈwɪzˈme] --- # Pecan _"a very lightweight [HTTP] framework that provides object-dispatch style routing"_ - WSGI application running on top of a WSGI server (wsgiref, mod_wsgi, eventlet...) - REST-style controllers - Object routing - Templating - Hooks --- # Configuration ```python # Server Specific Configurations server = { 'port': '8080', 'host': '<IP_ADDRESS>' } # Pecan Application Configurations app = { 'root': '${package}.controllers.root.RootController', 'modules': ['${package}'], 'static_root': '%(confdir)s/public', 'template_path': '%(confdir)s/${package}/templates', 'debug': True, 'errors': { '404': '/error/404', '__force_dict__': True } } ``` --- # Running the application ```python pecan.configuration.set_config(dict(pecan_config), overwrite=True) app = pecan.make_app( pecan_config.app.root, static_root=pecan_config.app.static_root, template_path=pecan_config.app.template_path, debug=CONF.debug, force_canonical=getattr(pecan_config.app, 'force_canonical', True), hooks=app_hooks, wrap_app=middleware.ParsableErrorMiddleware, guess_content_type_from_ext=False ) wsgiref.simple_server.make_server(host, port, app).serve_forever() ``` --- # Take some REST .code12px[ ```python from pecan import expose from pecan.rest import RestController from mymodel import Author, Book class BooksController(RestController): @expose() def get(self, author_id, id): author = Author.get(author_id) if not author_id: abort(404) book = author.get_book(id) if not book: abort(404) return book.title class AuthorsController(RestController): books = BooksController() @expose() def get(self, id): author = Author.get(id) if not author: abort(404) return author.name class RootController(object): authors = AuthorsController() ``` ] --- # Templating with Pecan With Mako (default): ```python class MyController(object): @expose('path/to/mako/template.html') def index(self): return dict(message='I am a mako template') ``` or with Kajiki: ```python @expose('kajiki:path/to/kajiki/template.html') def my_controller(self): return dict(message='I am a kajiki template') ``` or your own...: ```python @expose() def controller(self): return render('my_template.html', dict(message='I am the namespace')) ``` --- # Pecan Hooks, Captain ! ```python from pecan.hooks import PecanHook class SimpleHook(PecanHook): def before(self, state): print "\nabout to enter the controller..." def after(self, state): print "\nmethod: \t %s" % state.request.method print "\nresponse: \t %s" % state.response.status ``` --- # WSME _"Web Service Made Easy (WSME) simplify the writing of REST web services by providing simple yet powerful typing which removes the need to directly manipulate the request and the response objects"_ - Simple input validation with defined and extensible types - Native handling of different protocols (REST/Json, REST/XML, SOAP, etc.) - Framework independance (Pecan, Flask, cornice...) - Sphinx integration for automatic API documentation --- # WSME types - Native types : - bytes, int, text (_Six.text_type_), float, bool, decimal, date, datetime, time, Arrays, Dicts - User types : - binary - Enum - UUIDType - StringType - Complex types : should be inheriting from Base type. Eg.: ``` Gender = wsme.types.Enum(str, 'male', 'female') Title = Ewsme.types.num(str, 'M', 'Mrs') class Person(wsme.types.Base): lastname = wsme.types.wsattr(unicode, mandatory=True) firstname = wsme.types.wsattr(unicode, mandatory=True) age = int gender = Gender title = Title hobbies = [unicode] ``` --- # Example with Pecan The previous example from Pecan becomes : ```python from wsmeext.pecan import wsexpose class BooksController(RestController): @wsexpose(Book, int, int) def get(self, author_id, id): # .. @wsexpose(Book, int, int, body=Book) def put(self, author_id, id, book): # .. class AuthorsController(RestController): books = BooksController() ``` --- # Sphinx documentation - Extension for the Sphinx project - Autodoc directives - Samples to provide Example: ```rst .. rest-controller:: climate.api.v2.controllers.lease:LeasesController :webprefix: /v2/leases .. autotype:: climate.api.v2.controllers.lease.Lease :members: ``` --- class: center, middle, inverse ## Cliff [Command Line Interface Formulation Framework] --- # What is Cliff ? - Framework for creating pluggable CLI - Objects model for commands - Native formatters for list outputs (CSV, table...) - Command Completion built-in - Interactive mode --- # Climb the Cliff .code12px[ ```python import sys from cliff.app import App from cliff.commandmanager import CommandManager class DemoApp(App): def __init__(self): super(DemoApp, self).__init__( description='cliff demo app', version='0.1', command_manager=CommandManager('cliff.demo'), ) def initialize_app(self, argv): # Before command processing def prepare_to_run_command(self, cmd): # Before the command is run def clean_up(self, cmd, result, err): # After the command is run def main(argv=sys.argv[1:]): myapp = DemoApp() return myapp.run(argv) if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:])) ``` ] --- # Show command .code12px[ ```python import os from cliff.show import ShowOne class File(ShowOne): "Show details about a file" def get_parser(self, prog_name): parser = super(File, self).get_parser(prog_name) parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='?', default='.') return parser def take_action(self, parsed_args): stat_data = os.stat(parsed_args.filename) columns = ('Name', 'Size', 'UID', 'GID', 'Modified Time', ) data = (parsed_args.filename, stat_data.st_size, stat_data.st_uid, stat_data.st_gid, stat_data.st_mtime, ) return (columns, data) ``` ] --- # Show command .tile0[.code12px[ ```python import os from cliff.show import ShowOne class File(ShowOne): "Show details about a file" def get_parser(self, prog_name): parser = super(File, self).get_parser(prog_name) parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='?', default='.') return parser def take_action(self, parsed_args): stat_data = os.stat(parsed_args.filename) columns = ('Name', 'Size', 'UID', 'GID', 'Modified Time', ) data = (parsed_args.filename, stat_data.st_size, stat_data.st_uid, stat_data.st_gid, stat_data.st_mtime, ) return (columns, data) ``` ]] .tile1[ ```bash $ cliffdemo file setup.py +---------------+--------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------+--------------+ | Name | setup.py | | Size | 5825 | | UID | 502 | | GID | 20 | | Modified Time |<PHONE_NUMBER>.0 | +---------------+--------------+ ``` ] --- # List command and formatters ```python import logging import os from cliff.lister import Lister class Files(Lister): """Show a list of files in the current directory. The file name and size are printed by default. """ log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def take_action(self, parsed_args): return (('Name', 'Size'), ((n, os.stat(n).st_size) for n in os.listdir('.')) ) ``` --- # List command and formatters .tile0[ ```python import logging import os from cliff.lister import Lister class Files(Lister): """Show a list of files in the current directory. The file name and size are printed by default. """ log = logging.getLogger(__name__) def take_action(self, parsed_args): return (('Name', 'Size'), ((n, os.stat(n).st_size) for n in os.listdir('.')) ) ``` ] .tile1[ ```bash $ cliffdemo files +---------------+------+ | Name | Size | +---------------+------+ | build | 136 | | cliffdemo.log | 2546 | | Makefile | 5569 | | source | 408 | +---------------+------+ $ cliffdemo files -f csv "Name","Size" "build",136 "cliffdemo.log",2690 "Makefile",5569 "source",408 ``` ] --- class: inverse, center, middle ## Stevedore [who's this guy ?] --- # Stevedore _"Stevedore, dockworker, docker, dock labourer, wharfie, and longshoreman can have various waterfront-related meanings concerning loading and unloading ships, according to place and country."_ .pull-right[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevedore ] - Dynamic code loading as plugins - Use of setuptools for entry points - Various loading patterns (Drivers, Hooks, Extensions) - Plugins enabling either through installation, explicitely or self-enabled - Manager classes wrapping .font_courier[pkg_resources] --- # Loading Patterns .left-column[ ### Drivers : Single Name, Single Entry Point ] .right-column[ .center[ ###__DriverManager__ class ![Driver Pattern](pyug_src/stevedore_driver.png) ] ] --- # Loading Patterns .left-column[ ### Drivers : Single Name, Single Entry Point ### Hooks : Single Name, Many Entry Points ] .right-column[ .center[ ###__HookManager__ class .img_full[ ![Hook Pattern](pyug_src/stevedore_hook.png) ] ] ] --- # Loading Patterns .left-column[ ### Drivers : Single Name, Single Entry Point ### Hooks : Single Name, Many Entry Points ### Extensions : Many Names, Many Entry Points ] .right-column[ .center[ ###__ExtensionManager__ class and subclasses (Named, Dispatch, Enabled) ![Extension Pattern](pyug_src/stevedore_extension.png) ] ] --- # Example Base Plugin ```python # stevedore/example/base.py import abc class FormatterBase(object): """Base class for example plugin used in the tutoral. """ __metaclass__ = abc.ABCMeta def __init__(self, max_width=60): self.max_width = max_width @abc.abstractmethod def format(self, data): """Format the data and return unicode text. :param data: A dictionary with string keys and simple types as values. :type data: dict(str:?) :returns: Iterable producing the formatted text. """ ``` --- # Example Plugin ```python # stevedore/example/simple.py from stevedore.example import base class Simple(base.FormatterBase): """A very basic formatter. """ def format(self, data): """Format the data and return unicode text. :param data: A dictionary with string keys and simple types as values. :type data: dict(str:?) """ for name, value in sorted(data.items()): line = '{name} = {value}\n'.format( name=name, value=value, ) yield line ``` --- # Example Plugin .tile0[ ```python # stevedore/example/simple.py from stevedore.example import base class Simple(base.FormatterBase): """A very basic formatter. """ def format(self, data): """Format the data and return unicode text. :param data: A dictionary with string keys and simple types as values. :type data: dict(str:?) """ for name, value in sorted(data.items()): line = '{name} = {value}\n'.format( name=name, value=value, ) yield line ``` ] .tile1_left[ ``` entry_points={ 'stevedore.example.formatter': [ 'simple = stevedore.example.simple:Simple', 'field = stevedore.example.fields:FieldList', 'plain = stevedore.example.simple:Simple', ], }, ``` ] --- # Loading the plugin .left-column[ ### Driver ] .right-column[ ```python import argparse from stevedore import driver parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument( 'format', nargs='?', default='simple', help='the output format', ) parsed_args = parser.parse_args() mgr = driver.DriverManager( namespace='stevedore.example.formatter', name=parser.format, invoke_on_load=True, ) for chunk in mgr.driver.format(data): print(chunk, end='') ``` ] --- # Loading the plugin .left-column[ ### Driver ### Extension and Hook ] .right-column[ ```python from stevedore import extension mgr = extension.ExtensionManager( namespace='stevedore.example.formatter', invoke_on_load=True, ) def format_data(ext, data): return (ext.name, ext.obj.format(data)) results = mgr.map(format_data, data) for name, result in results: print('Formatter: {0}'.format(name)) for chunk in result: print(chunk, end='') print('') ``` ] --- class: inverse, middle, center ### Oslo [not the town...] --- # Oslo __Mission Statement__: _"To produce a set of python libraries containing code shared by OpenStack projects. The APIs provided by these libraries should be high quality, stable, consistent, documented and generally applicable."_ - Openstack Program by itself, with a PTL (Project Tech Lead) - Using Openstack CI - Set of libraries internally and initially developed for Openstack - Graduation through incubator and then PyPi - Sync tool for incubated libraries (Git repository) - Particularly various libraries --- # Oslo libraries .left-column[ ### Oslo.config ] .right-column[ .code12px[ ```python from oslo.config import cfg CONF = cfg.CONF opts = [ cfg.IntOpt('port', default=1234, help='Port that will be used to listen on'), ] CONF.register_opts(opts) def mymethod(): print CONF.port ``` ] ] --- # Oslo libraries .left-column[ ### Oslo.config ### Oslo.messaging ] .right-column[ .code12px[ ```python class RPCClient(object): def __init__(self, target): super(RPCClient, self).__init__() self._client = messaging.RPCClient( target=target, transport=messaging.get_transport(cfg.CONF), ) def cast(self, name, **kwargs): ctx = context.current() return self._client.cast(ctx.to_dict(), name, **kwargs) def call(self, name, **kwargs): ctx = context.current() return self._client.call(ctx.to_dict(), name, **kwargs) class RPCServer(service.Service): def __init__(self, target): super(RPCServer, self).__init__() self._server = messaging.get_rpc_server( target=target, transport=messaging.get_transport(cfg.CONF), endpoints=[ContextEndpointHandler(self, target)], ) ``` ] ] --- # Oslo libraries .left-column[ ### Oslo.config ### Oslo.messaging ### Pbr ] .right-column[ .code12px[ ```python #!/usr/bin/env python from setuptools import setup setup( setup_requires=['pbr'], pbr=True, ) ``` ``` [metadata] name = climate summary = Reservation Service for OpenStack clouds (...) home-page = https://launchpad.net/climate [global] setup-hooks = pbr.hooks.setup_hook [files] packages = climate [entry_points] console_scripts = (...) ``` ] ] --- # Oslo libraries .left-column[ ### Oslo.config ### Oslo.messaging ### Pbr ### Hacking ] .right-column[ ###OpenStack Style Guidelines .code12px[ ```python def list(): return [1, 2, 3] mylist = list() # BAD, shadows `list` built-in class Foo(object): def list(self): return [1, 2, 3] mylist = Foo().list() # OKAY, does not shadow built-in ``` ```python if not X is Y: # BAD, intended behavior is ambiguous pass if X is not Y: # OKAY, intuitive pass ``` etc. http://docs.openstack.org/developer/hacking/ ] ] --- # Oslo libraries .left-full[ ### Oslo.config ### Oslo.messaging ### Pbr ### Hacking ### Many many others... (rootwrap, cookiecutter, taskflow, fixtures, db, jsonutils, log, policy...) ] --- # Oslo libraries .left-full[ ### Oslo.config ### Oslo.messaging ### Pbr ### Hacking ### Many many others... (test, rootwrap, cookiecutter, taskflow, fixtures, db, jsonutils, log, policy...) ### ... and the ones I just presented ! ] --- class: inverse ## References - Pecan : http://pecan.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ - WSME : http://wsme.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ - Cliff : https://cliff.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ - Stevedore : http://stevedore.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ - Oslo : https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Oslo - And Openstack code and reviews of course ! --- class: inverse, middle, center ### You reached it ! Questions tho ?


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