Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT DATED: 16/09/2011 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE P.JYOTHIMANI and THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE M.DURAISWAMY Writ Appeal(MD)No.885 of 2010 and Writ Appeal (MD)Nos.14, 15, 97 and 238 of 2011 1.Kodanthur Village Panchayat, Through its Vice President, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District. .. Appellant in W.A.(MD)No.885 of 2010 2.M/s.Supreme Poultry Private Limited, Rep.by its Chairman - cum - Managing Director, P & C Towers, No.140, Perundhurai Road, Erode - 638 011 .. Appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 & 15 of 2011 3.The President, Kodanthur Village Panchayat, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District. .. Appellant in W.A.(MD)No.97 of 2011 4.The Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District. 5.The Chairman, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Karur Paramathi. .. Appellants in W.A.No.238 of 2011 vs. 1.M/s.Supreme Poultry Private Limited, Rep.by its Chairman - cum - Managing Director, P & C Towers, No.140, Perundhurai Road, Erode - 638 011 .. 1st Respondent in W.A.No.885 of 2010,
W.A.Nos.97 and 238 of 2011
2.The Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District.
3.The Chairman, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Karur Paramathi .. Respondents 2 & 3 in W.A.No.885 of 2010
4.The District Collector-cum-
Inspector of Panchayats, Karur District, Karur.
5.The President, Kodanthur Villate Panchayat, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District. .. 1st and 2nd Respondents in W.A.No.14 & 15 of 2011 6.The Vice President, Kodanthur Villate Panchayat, Aravakurichi Taluk,
Karur District. .. 3rd Respondent in W.A.No.15 of 2011 Prayer in W.A(MD)No.885 of 2010 & W.A(MD)No.283 of 2011 Appeals filed under Clause 15 of Letters Patent, against the order, dated 28.07.2010 passed by the learned single Judge made in W.P.(MD)No.8812 of 2010.
Prayer in W.A(MD)Nos.14, 15 and 97 of 2011 Appeals filed under Clause 15 of Letters Patent, against the order, dated 03.12.2010 passed by the learned single Judge made in W.P.(MD)Nos.12948 and 13105 of 2010.
!For Appellants ... Mr.T.Mohan, (W.A.(MD)Nos.885 & Senior Counsel for 97 of 2011) Mr.M.P.Senthil For Appellants ... Mr.Vijayan, (W.A.(MD)Nos.14 & Senior Counsel for 15 of 2011) Mr.B.Saravanan For Appellants ... Mr.K.M.Vijayakumar (W.A.(MD)No.238/2011) ^For Respondents 2 and 3... Mr.T.Mohan, Senior Counsel for Mr.M.P.Senthil For 1st Respondent ... Mr.Vijayan, (W.A.(MD)Nos.885 & 97/2011) Senior Counsel for Mr.B.Saravanan For Respondents 2 & 3 ... Mr.K.M.Vijayakumar (W.A.No.885 of 2011) For Respondents 1 & 2 ... Mr.R.Karthikeyan, (In W.A.Nos.14,15 & 97) Government Advocate. :COMMON JUDGMENT P.JYOTHIMANI,J
Since all the writ appeals are relating to the same issue all of them were heard together and the common judgment is passed.
2.While W.A.(MD)Nos.885 of 2010 and W.A.(MD)No.238 of 2011 are filed against the order of the learned single Judge, dated 28.07.2010 passed in W.P.(MD)No.8812 of 2010 by the Kodanthur Village Panchayat through its Vice President Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District who was a third party in the writ petition and the second respondent(s) in the writ petition namely, the Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchaayt Union and the Chairman, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union respectively, W.A.(MD)Nos.14, 15 and 97 of 2011 have been filed against the order of the learned single Judge, dated 03.12.2010 passed in W.P.(MD)Nos.12948 and 13105 of 2010 by the writ petitioner and by the President of Kodanthur Village Panchayat, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District.
3.The issue involved in these writ appeals relate to the proposed poultry farm and feed mill to be set up in Kodanthur village (south) by the company called M/s.Supreme Poultry Private Limited (hereinafter referred to as 'the Company') the appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 and the first respondent in W.A.(MD)Nos.97 of 2011, 238 and 885 of 2010. It is a Private Limited Company registered under the Companies Act stated to be running a poultry farm and feed mill in Pondurai Semoor. It is stated that with an intention of setting up a poultry farm and feed mill at Kodanthur village, 75 acres of land were purchased. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board has granted consent to establish the said industry in the name of the said company at Survey No.696, Kodanthur village, Aravakurichy Taluk, Karur District as per Section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 in the proceedings, dated 24.03.2010. That consent to establish was granted by the Pollution Control Board is valid for 2 years or till the industry obtained consent to operate under Section 21 of the abovesaid Act and the consent to establish was granted subject to the conditions in respect of the products and quantity namely:-
i)Poultry Chick Feed 60T/M
ii)Poultry Grower Feed 150T/M
iii)Poultry Layer Feed 1790T/M and for establishing the facility in manufacturing of products or bye products and quantity as stated above. The further conditions with which the consent for establishment of the industry was granted are relating to the equipments to be installed for measuring the control and emission generated from various sources of the plant apart from other general conditions stating that unless all conditions are complied with, consent to establish will not be issued.
4.Similarly, the Pollution Control Board has also granted consent to establish on the same day namely on 24.03.2007 under Section 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 in respect of the site namely, Survey No.696, Kodanthur Village, Aravakurichy Taluk, Karur District also valid for two years with the special conditions which also include apart from the facility for manufacturing of products and bye products stated under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. The consent was granted prescribing the outlet for discharging of sewage/trade effluent stating that in respect of sewage maximum daily discharge as 2.50 KLD with the point of disposal on the industry's own land and without permission for trade effluent. The further special condition includes the provision for the Septic tank with sock pit as dimension of 3.3x1.2x.2.40m for one unit and 3.30x2.4m for another unit apart from other general conditions stated above.
5.Similarly, in respect of S.F.Nos.698/1, 697, 718/A, 1B, 717/1, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708/2 and 709, Kodanthur village, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District as per Section 21 of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, a consent to establish was granted on 31.03.2010 for the purpose of manufacturing products or by products with description and quantity namely:
Product Quantity/Month 1.Table Eggs 126 lakh numbers By Product Cull birds 4 40000 numbers/M
along with the special condition regarding the emission/noise sources and control measures and special conditions to achieve/emission standards and the general conditions. Similarly, for the abovesaid S.F.Nos, the consent to establish under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was also granted by order, dated 31.03.2010 subject to the above said conditions as well as the conditions to be fulfilled.
6.As per the proceedings of the President of the Village Panchayat, the second respondent in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011, dated 05.04.2010, building permission was granted in respect of S.F.No.696 in favour of the said appellant company valid from 05.04.2010 to 04.04.2011. It is stated that Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union Council has also resolved on 16.04.2010 to issue no objection for staring poultry farm and feed mill in S.No.691, 679/A-2, 696/1, 696/2, 693/3, 696/4, 698/1, 697/1, 865/1, 859/1, 862/2, 355/1, 718/A, 717/1, 505, 706, 707, 708/2, 719, 718/1B, 704 and 705. The Commissioner of Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union who is the second respondent in W.A.(MD)No.885 of 2010 and the first appellant in W.A.(MD)No.238 of 2011 has passed the consequential order, dated 28.04.2010 granting permission to run the poultry farm and feed mill subject to various conditions mentioned therein. It is stated that the Deputy Director, Public Health and Family Welfare, Karur has granted permission to the company for installation of electronic motor apart from no objection certificate issued by the Fire Department. It is stated that the said company has paid various amounts to the Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union Council apart from various other authorities. It appears that at that stage, the residents of Udayampalayam, Natchipalayam, Kariamapudur, Vettupalayam, karukkampalayam and Mudaligoundanpudur hamlets of Kodanthur village have filed a suit in O.S.No.225 of 2010 on the file of the District Munsif Court, Karur for a declaration that the erection and running of poultry farm in the said survey number by the above said company as an objectionable and actionable nuisance to the inhabitants of the area and also for a permanent injunction. It was thereafter, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union has passed a resolution on 01.07.2010 cancelling the earlier resolution, dated 16.04.2010 on the ground of public health and to prevent pollution as requested by the public by way of representation and as per the request of the members of the panchayat union council. Consequent to the same, the Commissioner of Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, by his order dated 05.07.2010 has communicated the company cancelling his earlier order of permission, dated 28.04.2010.
7.The Company, appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011, has challenged the said proceedings of the Commissioner cancelling the permission as per the resolution in W.P.(MD)No.8812 of 2010 before this Court on the basis that when once the authority contemplated under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 has given consent for establishment based on which the Panchayat Union Council itself has granted approval and the Company has invested huge amount of money in purchasing the lands and installing various machines in compliance of the conditions issued by the authorities, under the abovesaid Acts, the Panchayat Union Council has no authority to pass such resolution since the issues are relating to and within the domain of the Pollution Control Board.
8.This Court while allowing the writ petition in the order, dated 28.07.2010 has set aside the said impugned communication of the Commissioner of the Panchayat Union Council, dated 05.07.2010 in accordance with the resolution of the council dated 01.07.2010 holding that the cancellation has been done without notice to the Company to whom permission was granted earlier; that the Pollution Control Board being the authority having exclusive domain to say about the emanation of water pollution and air pollution has granted consent to establish and that as per the provisions of the Water Act and Air Act, the Civil Court would not have any jurisdiction to entertain any suit. The portion of the order which is relevant is as follows:
"13.Surprisingly, it appears that the second respondent has passed the resolution on 01.07.2010. The resolution would read that the second respondent received some complaint from the public on the ground that the establishment of such Poultry Farm and Poultry Feed Mill would adversely affect the public health and the environment would also be polluted.
14.Firstly, the second respondent has not taken the petitioner into confidence by issuing notice to him before ever such a resolution was passed. In all fairness, the second respondent should have issued notice to the petitioner, as the second respondent has proposed to give a go by to the earlier resolution passed by it and has proposed to pass a resolution adverse to the interest of the petitioner. Secondly, as rightly pointed out by the learned Senior Counsel appearing for the petitioner, no enquiry was embarked upon by the second respondent based on the alleged complaint received from the public. Thirdly, the petitioner was not given any opportunity to counter the plea of the second respondent that the earlier resolution passed by it was given a go by only on account of the objections raised by the public. Fourthly, it is only the Pollution Control Board, which has the exclusive domain to say whether such an industry would emanate water pollution or air pollution. The second respondent is not a scientific expert to jump to a conclusion based on some alleged complaint that such a factory proposed to be established within its jurisdiction would create pollution and affect the health of the public. If such a stand of the second respondent is sustained, all the Poultry Farm and Poultry Feed Mill located in and around Namakkal will have to be shut down on mere resolution passed by the Municipality.
15.The provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 would specifically state that even the civil Court would not have any jurisdiction to entertain any suit or proceeding in respect of any matter decided under the Act. The provisions under this Act would have an overriding effect, despite the fact that some inconsistent provisions are found incorporated in these Special Acts. The Civil Court has been barred even to grant an order of injunction in respect of matters falling within the domain of these Special Acts.
16.Surprisingly, the second respondent, who is not a scientific expert, has jumped to a hasty conclusion without affording any opportunity to the petitioner to put forth its claim and upset all the consent orders passed by the Pollution Control Board and left the petitioner virtually in the lurch.
17.In view of the above facts and circumstances, the arbitrary and unreasonable resolution passed by the second respondent and the consequential impugned order passed by the first respondent will have to be quashed. Accordingly, the resolution passed by the second respondent and the consequential impugned order passed by the first respondent are quashed and the Writ Petition is allowed. Consequently, the connected miscellaneous petition is closed. There is no order as to costs".
9.It is as against the said order of the learned single Judge, the Vice President of the Kodanthur Village Panchayat which is a third party in the writ petition and the respondents in the said writ petition namely, Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union and the Chairman, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union have filed W.A.(MD)Nos.885 of 2010 and 238 of 2011 respectively, on the ground that the village panchayat and the panchayat union are having statutory responsibility of maintaining health and livelihood of inhabitants of the village and even if the impugned order is in violation of principles of natural justice it ought to have been remanded the issue for fresh orders; that creation of such massive poultry farm will have direct impact on the living condition of the people who are living in the hamlets; that in spite of the consent order obtained from the Pollution Control Board, it is open to the village panchayat and panchayat union to grant licence or approval for establishment or reject the same based on the local conditions; that the power to grant approval includes the power to cancel; that the right of the company to carry on business under Article 19 of the Constitution is subject to reasonable restrictions and that the earlier permission given by the President of the Kodanthur Village Panchayat to the company, in his proceedings, dated 05.04.2010 is without the support of any resolution passed by the panchayat apart from other grounds.
10.In the meantime, by an order dated 04.10.2010, as per the proceedings of the President, Kodanthur Village Panchayat, the building permission granted to the company came to be cancelled on the ground that the previous permission of the President of the village panchayat, dated 05.04.2010, was granted without any resolution by the panchayat and on the basis that by establishing poultry farm, the environment will become unhygienic and there is a possibility of epidemic diseases due to insects and mosquitoes as represented by the public thereby directing the company to stop further construction. The said order refers about the resolution of an emergency meeting of the panchayat, dated 01.10.2010 and 02.10.2010. The District Collector being the Inspector of Panchayats who is the first respondent in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 has passed an order on 11.10.2010 stating that the permission granted in favour of the company for construction to establish the poultry farm and feed mill without resolution passed by the panchayat is not valid.
11.The company has filed W.P.(MD)No.12948 of 2010 challenging the abovesaid order of the District Collector dated 11.10.2010 and W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010 challenging the proceedings of the Panchayat President signed by the Vice President, dated 04.10.2010 on various grounds including that the said orders are illegal and without jurisdiction and without affording an opportunity and in violation of the principles of natural justice; that the executive authority of the Village Panchayat alone is entitled to grant building plan/permission and it is not necessary to be approved by the Panchayat Union Council; that even otherwise under the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 permission has been granted by the panchayat union council for the purpose of installation of the feed mill; that the District Collector cum Inspector of Panchayats is not vested with any power under the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act, 1994 to cancel the order passed by the President of the Village Panchayat; that the impugned orders are tainted with mala fide; that the cancellation of building permission having been granted by the President of the village panchayat in the manner known to law, is not valid in law apart from other grounds.
12.When the writ petitions came up before the learned single Judge, there was an interim order passed on 21.10.2010 granting interim stay stating that any construction put up by the writ petitioner would be subject to the result and the final orders passed in the writ petitions. The writ petitions have been resisted by the village panchayat in the counter affidavit reiterating that the panchayat has got every jurisdiction and obligation to see that the health condition is not harmed by any of the industrial activities and the Collector being the Inspector of Panchayats has every right to exercise his powers under Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act apart from other various other grounds.
13.Learned single Judge while taking up both the writ petitions W.P.(MD)Nos.12948 and 13105 of 2010 by a common order, dated 03.12.2010 which is impugned in Writ Appeals (MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 dismissed the writ petitions filed by the company, however directed the District Collector cum Inspector of Panchayats to hold an enquiry after giving sufficient notice to the Company and such other persons or local bodies etc. since the impugned orders challenged in the writ petitions were passed without opportunity and notice to the appellant company. The operative portion of the order of the learned single Judge is as follows:
"42. As seen from the provisions of Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, the District Collector, Karur District, who is the Inspector of Panchayats, has the power to suspend or cancel any resolution passed, order issued or licence or permission granted, if such resolution, order or licence has not been legally passed, issued or granted, or if it is found that it is not in exercise of powers conferred by the Act or any other law, or an abuse of such powers or if it is considered to be otherwise undesirable, or if it would cause danger to the human life or health or safety. In such circumstances, this Court is not inclined to interfere with the impugned order of the first respondent, dated 11.10.2010 and the impugned order of the third respondent in the writ petition, in W.P.No.13105 of 2010, dated 04.10.2010. Therefore, the writ petitions stand dismissed. No costs. However, in view of the fact that no notice had been issued to the petitioner company before the impugned order had been passed and no opportunity had been given to the petitioner company to put forth its views, it would be appropriate for the first respondent to hold an enquiry, after giving sufficient notice to the petitioner company and to such other persons, authorities and local bodies as the first respondent may consider to be necessary, and pass appropriate orders thereon, on merits and in accordance with law, within a period of eight weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this order. If the petitioner company is in a position to convince the first respondent that no pollution or health hazard or ecological imbalance or degradation of the environment would be caused, due to the establishment of the poultry farm and the feed manufacturing mill, the petitioner company may be permitted to establish the poultry farm and the feed manufacturing mill, at Udaiyanpalayam, as already proposed by the petitioner company".
14.As stated above, the company which is the appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 has challenged the order of the learned single Judge in dismissing the writ petitions holding that the District Collector being the Inspector of panchayats as per Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act, 1994 has power to suspend or cancel any resolution passed or cancelled any licence or permission etc., if it is considered to be otherwise or would cause to damages to the livelihood.
15.Likewise, the President of Village Panchayat has filed W.A.(MD)No.97 of 2011, in respect of the portion of the impugned order of the learned single Judge remitting the matter to the District Collector for reconsideration while approving the powers of the District Collector under Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act.
16.Mr.K.M.Vijayan, learned Senior Counsel for the company which is the appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 while taking to the various factual aspects of obtaining consent for establishment as required under the Air Act and water Act as narrated above would submit that at the first instance, as per the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997 framed in accordance with the powers conferred under Section 242(2) of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 especially under Rule 29, the executive authority being the President of the Village Panchayat need not get any prior approval from the meeting of the panchayat. It is just sufficient that such decision by the executive authority shall be placed in the next meeting of the Panchayat for information and therefore, according to the learned Senior Counsel, there is no necessity for passing such resolution by the panchayat. Therefore, in his submission, the permission granted originally, by the President of the Village Panchayat in his proceedings, dated 05.04.2010 for the purpose of construction cannot be held to be improper. Therefore, the cancellation of such permission passed in the proceedings of the President of the Village Panchayat signed by the Vice President challenged in W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010 on the ground that approval of the village panchayat has not been obtained is contended to be against statutory rules.
17.It is his further contention that power of the District Collector/Inspector of Panchayats under Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act, 1994, is only in respect of suspension or cancellation of resolution. On the facts of the present case, according to the learned Senior Counsel, inasmuch as no resolution is required as per the Rules, the question of invoking powers by the Inspector of panchayats namely, the District Collector under Section 202 does not arise and therefore, the order of the District Collector, dated 11.10.2010 impugned in W.P.(MD)No.12948 of 2010 is without jurisdiction.
18.His further contention is that even otherwise as per the provisions of Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act itself, the District Collector cannot pass any order without giving opportunity to the persons concerned for explanation.
19.It is his further submission that even though the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 respectively are the earlier Acts in point of time when compared to the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, specialised Acts having overriding effects of other Act makes the order of consent given under the special Acts as superior only subject to the conditions based on which such consent has been given.
20.According to him, when once the authority under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, passed appropriate orders for consent to establish a poultry farm and feed mill, it cannot be set at naught by the local bodies like village panchayat or even panchayat union council on the basis of pollution, inasmuch as the the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 have the overriding effect over any other enactments.
21.Further, he would submit that when once the Panchayat Union Council has passed a resolution taking note of the order of the Pollution Control Board, the no objection certificate granted by the Fire and Health Departments and granted due permission, thereafter, it is not open to such Panchayat Union Council to re-open the case on the ground of pollution safety or public health for the purpose of withdrawing the permission granted by it.
22.He would further submit that when once the High Court passed order setting aside the resolution passed by the Panchayat Union Council and cancelling the earlier order passed by the Council, it is not open to the vice president of the panchayat in the name of the proceedings of the executive authority and the District Collector being the Inspector of panchayats to pass the impugned orders dated 04.10.2010 and 11.10.2010 respectively and that it would amount to ignoring the orders of the High Court and what cannot be done directly, has been done indirectly in disobeyance of court order.
23.His further submission is that when once the consent to establish has been granted by the authorities the panchayat cannot scuttle it in the starting stage itself merely on the apprehension and based on the alleged objections by the village people.
24.He would submit that the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in Action Council, Poovathode and others Vs. Benny Abraham and others reported in (2002) 9 SCC 493 cannot be taken as a precedent and it was on the facts and circumstances of the said case.
25.It is his further submission that when once the panchayat union council has given permission by passing a resolution especially after the Pollution Control Board has given consent to establish, there is no necessity for the company to approach the village panchayat for passing the resolution when the President of the Village Pancahyat as an executive authority has already given permission. According to him, the permission granted by the President of the Village Panchayat under Rule 29 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997 is equivalent to the permission granted by the Panchayt Union Council under Section 160 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act.
26.He would also refer to the Rules 14 and 15 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayts (Quorum and Procedure for the Convening and Conduct of Meetings of Village Panchayat) Rules 1999 which show that the proceedings and record of the meetings shall be with the President of the Village Panchayat and the copies shall be certified by him as per Section 76 of the Indian Evidence Act. In the impugned proceedings of the Vice President of the Village Panchayat, dated 04.10.2010 challenged in W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010, a reference has been made about the proceedings of the emergency meeting of the panchayat, dated 01.10.2010 and 02.10.2010 and such order has been passed knowing that the earlier order of cancellation has been set aside by the High Court and the order has been signed not by the President of the Village Panchayat but by the Vice President which is not the Executive Authority.
27.It is his further submission that under Article 243 (g) of the Constitution of India, the State Legislature is empowered to enact a law by necessary notification in respect of the matters listed in the 11th schedule and in the 11th schedule, item-4 contains poultry and therefore, in the absence of specific notification issued by the State Government enabling the Village Panchayat to formulate a scheme, the exercising of the power stated to have been made by the panchayat by way of resolution culminating into the impugned order challenged in the writ petitions is without jurisdiction.
28.He would also refer to Section 57 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 which enables the State Government to pass notification in respect of items mentioned in schedule-4 which is also a reproduction of schedule-11 of the Constitution of India and schedule-4 of the Tamil Nadu Village Panchayats Act also relates to poultry, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 passed by the Parliament is made applicable to the States by virtue of Article 252 of the Constitution of India and the authority constituted under the Act by the State namely, the Pollution Control Board having given consent for establishment, it should be construed that in respect of pollution, the exclusive jurisdiction lies to the Parliament and therefore, the Panchayat has no power to interfere in the name of prevention of pollution and there is no necessity for any harmonious construction with Section 160 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act in the absence of any precedent on the scheme of the Act in respect of pollution.
29.It is his submission that the findings by the learned single Judge as if the Inspector of Panchayats has got an overriding effect under Section 202 of the Act has to be set aside.
30.On the other hand, it is the submission made by Mr.T.Mohan, learned counsel for the Village Panchayat as adopted by Mr.K.M.Vijayakumar, learned counsel for the appellant in W.A.(MD)No.885 of 2010 that under Section 84 (c) of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, the executive authority has to carry out the resolutions passed by the Village Panchayat. He would also submit that even in respect of S.No.696, the permission or consent for establishment was given not for poultry farm but for manufacturing of poultry feed and therefore, it cannot be said that the company is having a consent to establish a poultry farm. It is his submission that the orders passed by the Pollution Control Board shows that the Pollution Control Board has never applied its mind. He would further submit that when the company has made an application on 19.03.2010 which happens to be Friday, the consent has given on 24.03.2010 on Wednesday and the zonal council has passed orders on the next day itself and that shows the hasty manner with which the Company is able to obtain the consent order.
31.He has also submitted that even the no objection certificate from the Fire Department and other Departments was obtained so hastily when application was made on 12.05.2010, no objection certificate has been issued was easily on 17.05.2010 itself and therefore, it is his submission that in such circumstances no reliance can be placed on mere consent granted by the Pollution Control Board for the purpose of deciding as to whether the local village panchayt ceases to have any jurisdiction in spite of the fact that such a large industry will result in unhygienic condition of the entire mass of the area. Such a view will be inconsistent with the concept of the village panchayat which is the constitutional goal.
32.He would also rely heavily upon the judgment of the Division Bench of this Court in Kings India Chemicals Corporation Limited Vs. The District Collector cum Inspector of Panchayats reported in 2010(1)CWC 319 and the judgment of the Division Bench of the Kerala High Court reported in AIR 2002 Kerala 65, (Action Council, Poovathode and others Vs. Benny Abraham and others) which has discussed the entire issue and the powers about the panchayat and contend that while the powers of the panchayat are wide, the Pollution Control Board is restricted. While the Pollution Control Board thinks about the location of the industries, the panchayat looks into the location itself as to whether it is appropriate to have a such a huge industry. His submission is that when once even as per the consent order issued by the Pollution Control Board 40,000, cull birds are to be killed and 4 lakhs eggs are to be produced, the resultant feature will be the huge wastage in water, movement of lorries, employees which are all the local concern. Therefore, according to him, the panchayat when once has decided to withdraw the permission, the company cannot claim as a matter of right since the panchayat has decided on the health ground that even under the consent order of the Pollution Control Board, the survey number differs; that the resolution passed by the Panchayat has not been challenged by the Company and in fact, the order of the District Collector need not be challenged by the Company which has become infructuous inasmuch as the Panchayat has passed resolution and his contention is that there is no purpose for sending it back to the District Collector to reconsider the issue since the Panchayat having seized of the entire matter has taken a decision in accordance with law.
33.We have heard the respective learned counsel and gone through the impugned judgments passed by the learned single Judges and given our anxious thought to the issue involved in these cases.
34.As far as the two writ appeals in W.A.(MD)Nos.885 of 2010 and 238 of 2011 filed by the Kodanthur Village Panchayat and the Commissioner of Karur Panchayat Union respectively are concerned, it is an indisputed fact that originally the President of the Village Panchayat in his proceedings, dated 05.04.2010 has granted approval for the plant for putting up construction by the company for a period of one year namely 05.04.2010 to 04.04.2011.
35.Under the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994, Section 2(11) defines "executive authority" means as "a person notified as such by the Government under Section 83". Section 83 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act is as follows:
"83.Executive authority of village panchayat:-The Government may, by notification, appoint any person, who shall, subject to such rules as may be prescribed, exercise the powers and perform the functions of the executive authority of a village panchayat".
Therefore, by virtue of notification issued by the Government or by framing the rules an executive authority can be appointed by the Government.
36.In exercise of the powers conferred under Section 242 which enables the Government to make rules, the Government has framed the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Building Rules 1997. Under the said statutory Rule 2(e) "executive authority is defined as "the President of the Village Panchayat". Under the Rules which relate to permission to be granted for building and approval for site for buildings, the procedure are contemplated. Rule-4 contemplated the application to be made for approval for site, for building and huts to the executive authority with various stipulations. Rule-25, however, deals with the construction of multi-storeyed and public buildings in which event, the Multi- Storeyed and Public Building Rules, 1973 issued under the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920 is directed to be followed and in such event, the executive authority namely, the President of the Panchayat cannot grant approval for construction, reconstruction, addition or alteration without consulting the concerned Joint Director or Deputy Director of Town and Country Planning. On facts of the present case, it is not for the multi-storeyed public building, the Company has made application under Rule 29 which is as follows:
"29.Grant of approval by executive authority:-1) All approvals granted under these rules in the panchayat shall be placed in the next panchayat meeting for information.
(2)Any appeal against the orders of the executive authority under sub-rule (1) shall be made to the Collector of the revenue district concerned within thirty days from the date of receipt of the such orders. The orders of the Collector on such appeal shall be final".
37.The approval granted by the executive authority or any other person as contemplated under Rules including as that of the Rule 25 has to be placed before the next meeting of the panchayat for information. As stated above, under Rule 29, anyone who is aggrieved by the approval that may be granted by the executive authority has a right of appeal to the District Collector.
38.Rule 32 enables the executive authority to require alteration of work, if the work is executed otherwise than the plan approval or the specification granted or any contravention of the rules or contravene the approval.
39.Under Rule 33 if any construction endangers human life, the executive authority may stop construction. The executive authority has also powers under Rule 34 to demolish or alter the building work which has been unlawfully done. Therefore, when the President of the Panchayat being the executive authority as per the Act and Rules granted building permission to the company on 05.04.2010 which was alive between 05.04.2010 to 04.04.2011 in the absence of any appeal filed by any person against such permission, it is not known as to how the Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union has cancelled the said order in the name of cancelling a resolution passed by the Paramathi Panchayat Union, dated 16.04.2010 by which, in fact the same Panchayat Union, has approved the permission granted by the executive authority namely the President of the Panchayat, dated 05.04.2010.
40.It is not in dispute that by the time, the executive authority namely the President of the Panchayat has granted permission on 05.04.2010, the Pollution Control Board has in fact given its consent for establishment on 24.03.2010 itself. Even assuming that the Panchayat Union Council which has earlier passed resolution on 16.04.2010 approving the executive authority's permission to the company can cancel its earlier resolution, as it is stated to have been done on 01.07.2010 based on an alleged representation of public and also to avoid pollution, such resolution itself, in the absence of any mandatory requirements under the Rules for granting approval from the panchayat cannot indirectly nullify the permission granted by the executive authority, dated 05.04.2010, for, what cannot be done directly shall not be done indirectly also. Even otherwise, when approval has been granted to the company on 05.04.2010, if the executive authority or any other higher authority like District Collector, either on representation on public or suo motu on a finding that there is a pollution problem and desire to cancel the permission, it is elementary that such cancellation can be only done after giving opportunity to the company which has stated that pursuant to the permission granted by the executive authority apart from the consent to establish from the Pollution Control Board, Fire and Health Departments, has proceeded to put up construction in accordance with the approved plan. In the absence of following the elementary principles of natural justice, the order of the Commissioner of Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, dated 05.07.2010 challenged in W.P.(MD)No.8812 of 2010 cannot be sustained in the eye of law. It was in those circumstances, the learned single Judge in the order dated 28.07.2010 has set aside the impugned proceedings of the Commissioner of Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, dated 05.07.2010. There is absolutely no illegality in the said order especially when the authorities under the the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 have given consent to establish the unit. Therefore, there is nothing to interfere with the order of the learned single Judge. However, quashing of the order of the Commissioner, dated 05.07.2010 by which the original order of the executive authority, dated 05.04.2010 stands restored does not in our view take away the right of the authorities contemplated under the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Building Rules, 1997 in cancelling or modifying the same in accordance with law. In all fairness, in our considered view especially during the subsistance of the permission granted by the executive authority, when a contrary decision was attempted to be taken by the Commissioner of Panchayat Union, he ought to have heard the company before passing such orders.
41.In such view of the matter, the writ appeals filed by the Vice President of the Kodanthur Village Panchayat and the Commissioner of Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union namely in W.A.(MD)Nos.885 of 2010 and 238 of 2011 stand dismissed. However, it is always open to the Executive Authority, to act as per the said provision of the rules enumerated above in the event of any contingency in respect of the grant of permission.
42.In respect of the other three appeals namely, W.A.(MD)Nos.14, 15 and 97 of 2011, a crucial point has been raised as to whether the village panchayat or the panchyat union council or for that matter, the District Collector cum Inspector of Panchayats or the Pollution Control Board is having supremacy to decide about the devices to be formulated to avoid pollution in respect of the alleged starting of poultry farm and feed mill. It is strange that in the name of proceedings of the President of the village panchayat being the executive authority, the vice president of the village panchayat who has filed the third party appeal namely in W.A.(MD)No.885 of 2010 which has been dismissed as stated above has passed an order of directing the company to stop work. As stated above, as per the Rules elicited above, the executive authority is defined exhaustively as the President of the village panchayat and therefore, one cannot imagine that the vice president can claim to be the executive authority. Even assuming that there has been any endangering human life because of the approval granted for construction, it is the executive authority who has granted permission to construct who alone can issue a stop of work notice that is contemplated under Rule 33 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Building Rules 1997, which is as follows:
"33.Stoppage of work endangering human life:-Notwithstanding anything contained in any of the preceding provisions, the executive authority may at any time stop the construction or reconstruction of any building if in his opinion the work in progress endangers human life".
43.Whileso, simply because it is stated to be the proceedings of the President of the Panchayat when it is not signed by the President of the Panchayat who is the executive authority and signed by somebody else as the vice president that can never be considered as a stop work notice issued by the executive authority. On that score itself, the impugned order which is challenged in W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010 which is the subject matter of W.A.(MD)No.15 of 2011 ought to have been set aside. However, this aspect has not been considered by the learned single Judge.
44.The finding by the learned single Judge that permission has been originally granted to the company by the executive authority against the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997, in our view, is totally contrary to the provision of the Rules. As stated above, when the resolution of the panchayat union council or panchayat union itself is not a condition precedent for the purpose of granting approval by the executive authority, there is no question of the impugned order passed by the vice president on 04.10.2010 based on any resolution passed by the village panchayat. This aspect has not been considered by the learned single Judge. Accordingly, the stop work notice issued by the vice president of the panchayat, dated 04.10.2010 challenged in W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010 cannot sustain in the eye of law, when the Company has been issued a permission by the executive authority by way of a building permission as per the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules 1997. Insofar as it relates to the order of the Inspector of Panchayats on 11.10.2010 which has been challenged in W.P.(MD)No.12948 of 2010, it has to be remembered that the power of the executive authority namely the President of Village Panchayat in issuing permission for building as per the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997, or the power of Inspector to suspend any resolution passed by the village panchayat or cancel any licence or permission granted is certainly unassailable. That power is available to the District Collector being the Inspector of Panchayats under Section 202 of the Tamil nadu Panchayat Act, 1994 which is as follows:
"202.Power to suspend or cancel resolution, etc., under the Act:-(1)The Inspector may, by order in writing:-
(i)suspend or cancel any resolution passed, order issued, or licence or permission granted, or
(ii)prohibit the doing of any act which is about to be done or is being done, in pursuance or under colour of this Act, if in his opinion,
a)such resolution, order, licence, permission or act has not been legally passed, issued, granted or authorised, or
b)such resolution, order, licence, permission or act is in excess of the powers conferred by this Act or any other law or an abuse of such powers or is considered by the Inspector to be otherwise undesirable, or
c)the execution of such resolution or order, or the continuance in force of such licence or permission or the doing of such act is likely to cause danger to human life, health or safety, or is likely to lead to a riot or an affray:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall enable the Inspector to set aside any election which has been held.
2)The Inspector shall, before taking action on any of the grounds referred to in clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (1), give the authority or person concerned an opportunity for explanation.
3)The power conferred on the Inspector under clause (c) of sub-section (1) may be exercised by the collector in accordance with the provisions of that clause".
45.But while passing such orders, the District Collector being the Inspector of Panchayats, before taking any such action must give opportunity for explanation to the person who is going to be affected by such action even in the absence of any specific provision akin to Section 202(2) of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act elicited above. Law is well settled that if statutory right has accrued on a person and such right is sought to be taken away the following of the principles of natural justice is inbuilt in any statute. But as stated above, there is a specific provision to Section 202 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 imposing an obligation upon the Inspector of Panchayats namely, the District Collector to give opportunity to the person who is likely to be affected either by cancelling the licence or suspend the resolution etc., Admittedly, while passing such order on 11.10.2010, the Inspector of Panchayats namely, the District Collector has not given opportunity or heard anything from the company which is the appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011. This aspect has also not been considered by the learned single Judge.
46.Even assuming that under Section 160 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayat Act, 1994 which in our considered view is applicable to a factory or workshop or installation of machinery or manufacturing plant as it is stated in the Section itself which is as follows:
"160.Permission for construction of factories and the installation of machinery:- No person shall, without the permission of the panchayat union council in panchayat villages and except in accordance with the conditions specified in such permission,
(a)construct or establish any factory, workshop or workplace in which it is proposed to employ steam power, water power or other mechanical power or electrical power, or
(b)install in any premises any machinery or manufacturing plant driven by any power as aforesaid, not being machinery or manufacturing plant exempted by the rules",
47.By virtue of the power under Section 202, the Inspector of Factories can even nullify such permission for construction of factories or installation of machinery granted under Section 160 of the Act. But that can be only on complying with the principles of natural justice.
48.Inasmuch as we are of the view that the authority competent namely, the executive authority under the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 being the President as per the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997, has granted permission to the company which is the appellant in W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011. Unless and until, that is varied either by the executive authority himself in the manner known to law as enumerated above or set aside or suspended by the Inspector of panchayats namely, the District Collector as per the provision of Section 202 by following the principles of natural justice as provided therein, it is certainly not open to the District Collector unilaterally to come to a conclusion as if the resolution passed by the panchayat on 16.04.2010 approving the approval granted by the executive authority, dated 05.04.2010 is invalid or without jurisdiction or such approval has been granted unilaterally by the President without resolution of the panchayat when such resolution is not a condition precedent as per the statutory rules or based on any other reasons. This aspect has also not been considered by the learned single Judge.
49.Even though elaborate argument has been advanced about the supremacy of the Pollution Control Board which has been opposed by Mr.T.Mohan, learned counsel stating that the Pollution Control Board has been granting permission in a hasty manner, taking note of the fact that the Pollution Control Board has not yet granted any consent for starting manufacturing activity and consent has been given only for establishment, we propose not to enter into such controversy as to whether the Pollution Control Board is the superior authority in deciding about the Pollution matters or the Village Panchayat or Panchayat Union Council or the Inspector of Panchayat for that matter who are entitled to consider the local implication of starting of such unit. Such construction, in our considered view would arise only after the village panchayat or panchayat union council or the Inspector of panchayats have followed the principles of law and passed appropriate orders. Unless and until such orders are passed, we are of the considered view that the order of the District Collector, dated 11.10.2010 is not valid in law. With respect, the contrary decision rendered by the learned single Judge in this regard is not acceptable.
50.There is one other aspect, the learned single Judge having found that the impugned orders of the Vice President of the village panchayat passed in the name of the proceedings of the executive authority, dated 04.10.2010 and the Inspector of Pancahayats namely, the District Collector, dated 11.10.2010 as valid in law and dismissed the writ petition in spite of such finding, chosen to direct the Inspector of Panchayats to give sufficient opportunity to the company and such other persons or local bodies as the District collector may consider it necessary. This is totally in our considered view a contradictory order. We do not subscribe to the views of the learned single Judge in this regard also. Accordingly, W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 stand allowed and the orders of the vice president issued in the name of the President, dated 04.10.2010, impugned in W.P.(MD)No.13105 of 2010 and the impugned order of the Inspector of Panchayats, dated 11.10.2010 impugned in W.P.(MD)No.12948 of 2010 stand set aside and the order of the learned single Judge contrary to our view stands set aside.
51.Insofar as W.A.(MD)No.97 of 2011 filed by the Kodanthur village panchayt is concerned, we agree with the contention raised by the appellant that the finding of the learned single Judge in upholding the impugned orders but at the same time, directing the District Collector to conduct proper enquiry after giving opportunity, is contradictory. Therefore, W.A.(MD)No.97 of 2011 stands ordered permitting the President of the panchayat or the Inspector of Panchayats namely, the District Collector to act in accordance with the provisions of Tamil Nadu Panchayats Building Rules, 1997 and the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 particularly as per Section 202 of the Act and pass appropriate orders after giving opportunity to the company as well as all other persons concerned including any public who may be aggrieved by the starting of the poultry farm and feed mill regarding the permission granted by the executive authority namely, the President of the village panchayat, dated 05.04.2010.
52.In the result,
i)W.A.(MD)Nos.14 and 15 of 2011 are allowed and the impugned orders, dated 11.10.2010 and 04.10.2010 are set aside.
ii)W.A.(MD)No.97 of 2011 stands ordered with a direction to the President of the Panchayat and the Inspector of Panchayats, namely, the District Collector, to act as per the provisions of the Rules as well as the Act after giving opportunity to the writ petitioner as well as the public and others who are likely to be affected in respect of granting of permission by the executive authority namely, the President dated 05.04.2010 and pass appropriate orders.
iii)The writ appeals No.885 of 2011 and 238 of 2011 stand dismissed. No costs. Consequently, connected miscellaneous petitions are closed.
sms To The Commissioner, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District.
5.The Chairman, Karur Paramathi Panchayat Union, Karur Paramathi.
The President, Kodanthur Village Panchayat, Aravakurichi Taluk, Karur District The District Collector-cum-
Inspector of Panchayats, Karur District, Karur.


Core Concepts
Reflecting on My Learning Journey
What is Reflection in this context?
I have covered this already in some of my other blog posts here but reflection is an incredibly underrated concept in learning. Looking over something you've just learned and re-evaluating its concepts helps solidify them in your brain. The process fires different neural pathways and regions of your brain which pushes the knowledge deeper down and it never means you are being repetitive or learning things again. It's important to remember that Reflection is never a waste of time. If you're learning a new skill and you think of Research, Practice and Reflection as a Sandwich; then not doing proper Reflection at the end of an exercise is like trying to make an successful sandwich with only one piece of bread.
So I've taken some time in the last couple of days to reflect on my time thus far in Dev Academy, particularly of course on my journey through the sometimes turbulent but ultimately very rewarding Foundations curriculum. Here is some of what I've learned so far, zeroing in on core concepts and further focusing in on what they have taught me about myself:
- What are three new things you have learned about yourself and your ego as a result of the core learning? Number one I have learned to shelve my pre-conceived notions about what my abilities are and what they made me apparently suited to doing with my life, this process has unlocked in me my capacity to learn and grow my brain through challenging it. Number two, these imaginary short-comings I had manufactured for myself had affected my ego in the past too but really this program has made me think of and evaluate my ego far less than I used to. This leads into Number three: defining and analysing your ego to too large a degree for me feeds into the idea of labelling or constricting yourself too much and letting it limit your potential which this this school has taught me not to do.
- What are the role of values, empathy and self awareness in learning and programming? Programming is very often about problem-solving and collaborating with others through a project and working through its associated bugs. You cannot effectively do any of this without a good set of core values and empathy. Self-Awareness helps immensely with knowing where you can best fit in and help in a collaborative programming setting and utilise your unique skill set.
- What has surprised you the most about the core learning?
Learning the concept of neuroplasticity and adopting a growth mindset. I’ve been stuck in learning ruts a lot of times in my life and I’ve put them down to preconceived notions about what I can learn, what I’m good at, or what my limitations might be. I realise now, and I thank the core learning for this, that a lot that is just plain rubbish. I have the capacity to learn any skill with practice and dedication. Really anyone does, and that knowledge is truly powerful.
- What were the most challenging aspects of the core learning? In general I've always found it difficult to talk at length about myself and analyse myself and then express those findings to others, in short opening up with my emotions. So thinking about my identity and values and presenting that inner-thought soup for all to consume was particularly challenging.
- Why do you think we, a programming school, are spending so much time focusing on core learning in a web development bootcamp course? Learning and developing these skills is so vitally important in working your head around any discipline and truthfully should be implemented in every educational institution across the board that teaches anything. I mean it, this Programming School teaches you so much more than just programming; it teaches you to stretch and open up the power of your brain and become a more well-rounded human being who thankfully as a handy bonus, also knows how to code. The Dev Academy should really be lauded everywhere for this.
- Does the time you spent studying core learning here feel like a waste of time? Should you have just used that time to practising programming instead? Justify your answer. I don't agree with these questions at all. Not even in the tiniest little infinitesimal way. As I have already alluded to, these core learnings are immeasurably important and have done so much for me personally. I feel doing this course without them would definitely be time poorly spent. I never expected them going into this course, especially when this course is comparatively short when pitted against other IT related courses on offer out there in the teritary-ed sphere.
I feel so much richer for having them exposed to me. I truly thank EDA for that and I know this is a cliche, but I actually will be forever grateful.
- Danny


The Jacobi method is used due to its ease of parallelisation. A Divide and Conquer approach is adopted.
Initially each of the values of x are given a value; in this case 0.
A new value for each x is then determined by evaluating each equation.
The new estimates are then plugged into equations and the process repeated until the difference between
x-value estimations is sufficiently small.
Test files are provided, which are known to have a solution that converges for values of n 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.
Another test file is provided that contains 4 different data sets ranging in size from 128 to 1024. (Jacobi.txt)
The parallel architecture uses the Root and Node processes provided in the package jcsp.gppLibrary.divideAndConquer An Emit process reads in the matrix(ces) from a file and constructs an object that is sent to the Root node. The Root node then send copies of the base object to each of the Node processes. The Root process then send the initial guess such that each Node gets a sub-range of the complete matric to calculate. The Node process then returns its subrange of recalcuated x values back to Root, where they are reconmbined into a single matrix. This is repeated until the estimates between subsequent iterations are sufficiently small. The final result is then output to a Collect process where the answer is checked. A OneDirectedList spreader process is used to direct the correct subrange to each Node process. The Root process can output at each stage of the iteration so that a system that involves visualisation can output the intermediate stages.
The system terminates in the same manner as other processes in the library. The Root process has the ability to provide logging information should that be needed.
Author, Licence and Copyright statement author Jon Kerridge School of Computing Edinburgh Napier University Merchiston Campus, Colinton Road Edinburgh EH10 5DT Author contact: j.kerridge (at) napier.ac.uk Copyright Jon Kerridge Edinburgh Napier University * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| JacobiDataMC | |
| JacobiResultMC |
| Script | Description |
|---|---|
| CreateJacobiDataFile | |
| CreateJacobiDataFiles | |
| JacobiSeq | |
| RunJacobiMC | |
| RunJacobiMC_gpp |


Tables
DataTables is a third party plugin that is used to generate the demo table below. For more information about DataTables, please visit the official DataTables documentation.
DataTables Example
| Nama | Alamat | Identitas | Profesi | Action |
|---|
DataTables is a third party plugin that is used to generate the demo table below. For more information about DataTables, please visit the official DataTables documentation.
| Nama | Alamat | Identitas | Profesi | Action |
|---|


GHB - GitHub on Terminal
- Technology: Node.js, npm
- Platform: Linux/Mac/Windows
- Documentations:
- Install instructions:
GHB is a command line tool to fetch, view, modify and add Issues or Pull Requests on GitHub from user’s terminal (or command prompt).
GHB is a command line tool to fetch, view, modify and add Issues or Pull Requests on GitHub from user’s terminal (or command prompt).
2nd year Undergrad; Web developer, Programmer and Open Source Contributor
Github


--- title: "About Galileo Consulting" date: '2020-05-28' sidemenu: 'true' ---
Galileo Consulting has deep capabilities in innovation and technology management, particularly in the fields of agriculture, biotechnology and chemicals.
We undertake engagements related to:
Our strong quantitative skills in R and Excel attracts work:
We participate in dispute resolutions as arbitrators or expert witnesses.


--- layout: page title: "A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum" description: "This document describes the Namespace Identifier (NID) for Uniform Resource Name (URN) resources published by the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum. The NFC Forum defines and manages resources that utilize this URN identification model. Management activities for these and other resource types are provided by the NFC Forum Technical Committee." ---
| Document Name: | RFC 4729 |
|---|---|
| Document URI: |
urn:ietf:rfc:4729
|
| Online Version: |
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4729
|
| Organization: | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) |
| Series: | Request for Comments (RFC) |
| Abstract: | This document describes the Namespace Identifier (NID) for Uniform Resource Name (URN) resources published by the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum. The NFC Forum defines and manages resources that utilize this URN identification model. Management activities for these and other resource types are provided by the NFC Forum Technical Committee. |
nfc
Return to ( Series | Organization | all Specifications )


something clever from Dom...
implementing authorization in web applications and APIs - Dominick Baier & Brock Allen from NDC Conferences on Vimeo.


It is natural for a user, after researching with our system, to desire to print selected texts and fragments for personal - or group - study away from a computer. Such printouts are one-use artifacts. It is clear that ability to produce such printouts must be present in the system from the beginning. The question is: how good the typographically does it need to be?
We need to format a tree of texts: main one, commentaries of it, commentaries on commentaries etc. It is known about each piece of commentaries what is it commenting on. All the font metrics are also known: glyph sizes, what is haging how low and what is sticking up and how high. Result needs to be readable and (is it a separate requirement?) beatyfull.
To format "like in a book", we need to optimize the following contradicting constraints (the list is probably incomplete):
the page must be fully covered with print
comment must start on the same page where what it comments on is
comment must end on the page it started
Koritz says that we do not need to print books, but "leaflets" instead: text with comments that fit on one page. In the "forum format", whatever that means.
Gorkin says that printing "like in the book" of the multi-layered text is extremely challenging typographically, and thus very interesting, but design of the overall interface of the system is even more interesting - and difficult. And more importants. Also, what exactly are the requirements for the printing facility, and what is their order of importance, will become clear only in the process of using the system. So, initially printing needs to be acceptable, but primitive - we do not have resources to do fancy stuff from the beginning.
Dubinsky says that the format that will "grow" from the use of the system, will turn out to be a familiar to us all format "like in the book", or so close to it, that a solution for one will fit the other; that good leaflet is not easier to print than a book; and that ability to print familiar "book-like" format is neccessary for the psychological comfort of the users. But he also agrees that features and interface of the system are more important.
Thus, everybody agrees that initial printing facility will be "primitive". Gorkin does not want to expend any effort to even find out how primitive. Dubinsky would like to see something acceptable. Nothing of the sort has been found so far. XSL-FO [7] is insufficiently expressive for our problem - even version 1.1, it seems.
Beyond Pretty-Printing: Galley Concepts in Document Formatting Combinators


Post-doc
Biometrics
SAIT, Technical Lead.
Machine learning
PhD in Electrical Engineering
Computer Vision
M. Tech (Instrumentation)in Electrical Engineering
CGPA : 9.17 /10
B. Tech (Hons. ) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Learning One Class Representations for Presentation Attack Detection using Multi-channel Convolutional Neural Networks
A. George, S. Marcel
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,2020.
Deep Models and Shortwave Infrared Information to Detect Face Presentation Attacks
G. Heusch, A. George, D. Geissenbuhler, Z. Mostaani, S. Marcel
IEEE Transactions on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science, 2020.
Can Your Face Detector Do Anti-spoofing? Face Presentation Attack Detection with a Multi-Channel Face Detector
A. George, S. Marcel
Idiap Research Reports, 2020.
Biometric Face Presentation Attack Detection with Multi-Channel Convolutional Neural Network
A. George, Z. Mostaani, D. Geissenbuhler, O. Nikisins, A. Anjos, S. Marcel
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,(Accepted), 2019.
Fast and Accurate Eye Localisation Algorithm for Gaze Tracking in Low Resolution Images
A. George, A. Routray
IET Computer Vision, 2016.
A Score-level Fusion Method for Eye Movement Biometrics
A. George, A. Routray
Pattern Recognition Letters, Elsevier, 2015.
A Multimodal System for Assessing Alertness Levels due to Cognitive Loading
A. Sengupta, A. Dasgupta, A. Chaudhuri, A. George, A. Routray, R. Guha
IEEE in Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,(Accepted), 2017.
A Vision Based System for Monitoring the Loss of Attention in Automotive Drivers
A. Dasgupta , A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray
Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
Alertness monitoring system for vehicle
drivers using physiological signals
A. Sengupta, A. George, A. Dasgupta, A. Chaudhuri, B. Kabi, A. Routray
Handbook of Research on Emerging Innovations in Rail Transportation Engineering
(Book Chapter), IGI Global, 2016.
An on-board vision based system for drowsiness detection in automotive drivers
A. Dasgupta , A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray
International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics
Deep Pixel-wise Binary Supervision for Face Presentation Attack Detection
A. George, S. Marcel
ICB, International Conference on Biometrics, 2019.
Domain Adaptation in Multi-Channel Autoencoder based Features for Robust Face Anti-Spoofing
O. Nikisins, A. George, S. Marcel
ICB, International Conference on Biometrics, 2019.
KBOC: Keystroke Biometrics
OnGoing Competition
A. Morales, J. Fierrez, M. Gomez-Barrero, J. Ortega-Garcia, R. Daza, J.V.
Monaco, J. Montalvo, J. Canuto, A. George
IEEE Eighth International Conference on
Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems, BTAS 2016
Real-time Eye Gaze Direction Classification Using
Convolutional Neural Network
A. George, A. Routray
Signal Processing and Communications, SPCOM, 2016 International Conference on
An Improved Algorithm for
Eye Corner Detection
A. Dasgupta,A. Mandloi, A. George, A. Routray
Signal Processing and Communications, SPCOM, 2016 International Conference on
A real time facial expression classification system using Local Binary Patterns
SL. Happy, A. George, A. Routray
Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), 2012 4th International Conference on
A video database of human faces under near Infra-Red illumination for human computer interaction applications
SL. Happy, A. Dasgupta, A. George, A. Routray
Intelligent Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), 2012 4th International Conference on
A Drowsiness Detection Scheme Based on Fusion of Voice and Vision Cues
A. Dasgupta, B. Kabi, A. George, SL. Happy, A. Routray
arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.04887
Design and Implementation of Real-time Algorithms for Eye Tracking and PERCLOS Measurement for on board Estimation of Alertness of Drivers
A. George, A. Routray
arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.06162
An On-board Video Database of Human Drivers
A. Dasgupta, A. George, SL Happy, A. Routray
arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.04853
A Framework for Fast Face and Eye Detection
A. George, A. Dasgupta, A. Routray
arXiv preprint arXiv:1505.03344
A. Routray, A. Dasgupta, A. George, SL. Happy
634/KOL/2013 (Published)
A. George, A. Routray
A. George, A. Dasgupta, A. Routray
IIT Kharagpur (3 terms)
IIT Kharagpur (3 terms)
IIT Kharagpur 2011-2015 (3 terms)
IIT Kharagpur 2011-2015 (4 terms)
IIT Kharagpur 2014 (1 term)
IIT Kharagpur 2015 (1 term)
Biometrics
Embedded Signal and Image Processing
Computer Vision and Applications
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning
Eye Gaze Tracking and Applications
Human Computer Interaction


MouseControl
v2.0
Preferences
General
Automatic Updates
Restore Defaults
Export/Import
Timing
Double Click Speed
Hold Duration
Tabs
New Tab Position
Duplicated Tab Position
Zoom
Zoom Display
Zoom Context
Zoom Style
Configuration
Select Tab to Left Focuses tab to left of current tab +
Jump to Last Tab Selects previously used tab across windows. If executed during moving select right/left, will select initial tab + ,
Close Tab +
Open Last Closed Tab + ,
Close All Tabs of Current Domain +
New Tab +
Duplicate Tab +
Zoom Out +
Reset Zoom +
Action
Mouse Binding
TABS
Select Tab to Right
Focuses tab to right of current tab
+
Select Tab to Left Focuses tab to left of current tab +
Jump to Last Tab Selects previously used tab across windows. If executed during moving select right/left, will select initial tab + ,
Close Tab +
Open Last Closed Tab + ,
Close All Tabs of Current Domain +
New Tab +
Duplicate Tab +
ZOOM
Zoom In
+
Zoom Out +
Reset Zoom +


October 28th 2016 by David Ye #Log
Algorithms
- Sorting Algorithms
- Searching Algorithms
Data Structure
- Array
- Linked list
- Queue
- Stack
- Tree
Sorting Algorithms
Complexity(N^2)
|
Complexity(N log N)
|
Insertion Sort
|
Merge Sort
|
Selection Sort
|
Quick Sort
|
Bubble Sort
|
|
1. Merge Sort
Merge sort is a recursive algorithm that continually splits a list in half. The key point of it is "divide and conquer". Here's the code:
def mergeSort(alist):
print("Splitting ",alist)
if len(alist)>1:
mid = len(alist)//2
lefthalf = alist[:mid]
righthalf = alist[mid:]
mergeSort(lefthalf)
mergeSort(righthalf)
i=0
j=0
k=0
while i < len(lefthalf) and j < len(righthalf):
if lefthalf[i] < righthalf[j]:
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
else:
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
while i < len(lefthalf):
alist[k]=lefthalf[i]
i=i+1
k=k+1
while j < len(righthalf):
alist[k]=righthalf[j]
j=j+1
k=k+1
print("Merging ",alist)
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
mergeSort(alist)
print(alist)
2. Quicksort
Steps:
1.pivot
2.partition
3.Quicksort (1, pivot - 1)
4.Quicksort (Pivot + 1, end)
5.Quicksort list (only one element)-sorted, recursion
Here's the code:
def quickSort(alist):
quickSortHelper(alist,0,len(alist)-1)
def quickSortHelper(alist,first,last):
if first<last:
splitpoint = partition(alist,first,last)
quickSortHelper(alist,first,splitpoint-1)
quickSortHelper(alist,splitpoint+1,last)
def partition(alist,first,last):
pivotvalue = alist[first]
leftmark = first+1
rightmark = last
done = False
while not done:
while leftmark <= rightmark and alist[leftmark] <= pivotvalue:
leftmark = leftmark + 1
while alist[rightmark] >= pivotvalue and rightmark >= leftmark:
rightmark = rightmark -1
if rightmark < leftmark:
done = True
else:
temp = alist[leftmark]
alist[leftmark] = alist[rightmark]
alist[rightmark] = temp
temp = alist[first]
alist[first] = alist[rightmark]
alist[rightmark] = temp
return rightmark
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
quickSort(alist)
print(alist)
Especially, quick sort is relatively low when processing a part-sorted list, but it is extremely good at sorting and completely random list.
3. Insertion Sort
1. a sorted list and the unsorted list
2. compare, make space and insert
Here's the code:
def insertionSort(alist):
for index in range(1,len(alist)):
currentvalue = alist[index]
position = index
while position>0 and alist[position-1]>currentvalue:
alist[position]=alist[position-1]
position = position-1
alist[position]=currentvalue
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
insertionSort(alist)
print(alist)
4. Selection Sort
1. Compare
2. Swap
Here's the code:
def selectionSort(alist):
for fillslot in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
positionOfMax=0
for location in range(1,fillslot+1):
if alist[location]>alist[positionOfMax]:
positionOfMax = location
temp = alist[fillslot]
alist[fillslot] = alist[positionOfMax]
alist[positionOfMax] = temp
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
selectionSort(alist)
print(alist)
5. Bubble Sorts
1. Two numbers
2. Compare
...
3. The larger to the bottom
Here's the code:
def bubbleSort(alist):
for passnum in range(len(alist)-1,0,-1):
for i in range(passnum):
if alist[i]>alist[i+1]:
temp = alist[i]
alist[i] = alist[i+1]
alist[i+1] = temp
alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
bubbleSort(alist)
print(alist)
2. Searching algorithms
1. linear search (waste of time) (not recommended)
Here's the code:
[[code]]
[[code format="python"]]
def sequentialSearch(alist, item):
pos = 0
found = False
while pos < len(alist) and not found:
if alist[pos] == item:
found = True
else:
pos = pos+1
return found
testlist = [1, 2, 32, 8, 17, 19, 42, 13, 0]
print(sequentialSearch(testlist, 3))
print(sequentialSearch(testlist, 13))
2. Binary Search
Complexity: log2(N)
Key find the middle and cut the half we don't need
Here's the code:
def binarySearch(alist, item):
if len(alist) ==0
else:
midpoint = len(alist)//2
if alist[midpoint]==item:
return True
else:
if item<alist[midpoint]:
return binarySearch(alist[:midpoint],item)
else:
return binarySearch(alist[midpoint+1:],item)
testlist = [0, 1, 2, 8, 13, 17, 19, 32, 42,]
print(binarySearch(testlist, 3))
print(binarySearch(testlist, 13))
3. Data Structure
1.Array (direct access/ continuous/ difficult to insert/remove) (index and content)
Move every content downward by one
2.Linked list
serial access
not continuous
ease to insert/ remove
head-node (data and reference)-tail
head and tail are references (Null)
Insertion:
1.new node
2.new link
3.change link
3.Stack
First in last out
not continuous
Push (insert) and Pop (remove) (check if the stack is already full or empty)
Pointer (top-of-stack-pointer)
Push and Pop: move the pointer
Application:
function main ()
Function1 ()
Function2 ()
Function3 ()
This is the process called "Call stack"
Inversion of a list
4.Queue
First in first out
Tail-in, head-out
ENQUEUE-tail-pointer (move to the next), DEQUEUE-head pointer (move to the next)
5.Tree: (binary tree- left and right)
Root (node with one more reference), Internal node (has parent and children), leaf node (with parent but no children)
Binary Tree
Left and right
5
17
36
Build a tree – insertion


Page 1 of 1
create new account
Posted:
Mon Oct 12, 2009 6:31 pm
by willy nilly
Hmm accidentally hit create new account instead of join server.. Is there anyway to recover old account number?
Peace
Willy Nilly (Willy Nillbat)
Re: create new account
Posted:
Mon Oct 12, 2009 6:53 pm
by ffrank
Would love to know as well as I have forgotten to jot down my previous one.
Re: create new account
Posted:
Tue Oct 13, 2009 7:31 am
by Karl G.
PM me details of your account and I can recover it. ffrank, I searched for your stuff but you don't appear to be on the server--unless your names are different from those in your signature?
Re: create new account
Posted:
Tue Oct 13, 2009 12:36 pm
by ffrank
Don't worry about it, better off leveling my hunter and what not.


Summary of the week
We found it interesting to observe the behaviour of daily things and interaction between objects and human beings. We are going to make things seem to be automonous by using some force (e.g. magnetic force).
First Prototype
System
At the first stage, we give magnetic force to daily objects or define magnetic force inside objects according to the materialities and properties which objects have.  We expect feed-back cycle happening inside us and daily objects to react as if they have lives.
Idea
We hang a set of daily objects on the structure, such as cup, toothbrush, balloon and hammer, which all have different magnitude of electric properties (e.g. as shown in the diagram 5, the toothbrush has +1.2 points, the balloon has +0.5 points and the hammer has -0.7 points). Each of these values represents how much the object pulls another or pushes another. The values are detected by some means and amplified. We move objects according to the amplified values by using servo (diagram 6). And also electric properties in our bodies are sensed and used to interact with the objects (as shown in diagram 7). Each objects has own range of motion(diagram 4).
Mechanism
There are a few ways to realise our idea.
. diagram 8 _ the system used in 3D printers. Two rods for each x and y dimension and driven by motors and belts.
. diagram 9 _ Hoist system. Driven by motors, chains and pulleys or gears.
. _ Linear bearing system. Using extruded aluminium profiles.
For now, we decided to use Hoist system in order to make things move.
Prototype
A cup is connected to the structure through Hoist system.
Experiment on how it moves.
References
.SHOES OR project
There are several pairs of shoes with motors inside. Motors reacting to human beings and the music enable shoes to look like having lives. People can learn when things move and what triggers motion through experiences, which is a feed-back cycle.
.Skin Care project
When a object is recorded by 3D scanning, it is decomposed into surface texture data and form mesh data and stored.
3D data can only record representations of surface and form, so no matter how precisely recorded 3D data, the contents are empty, unlike real 3D objects.
As the Western ghost is often drawn as the existence of only a cloth without body, 3D data also exists like a ghost of skin alone.
We found it interesting that he used daily objects intentionally to depict the distortion or the conflict between virtual and real world.
Tutorial with Jess
. models of interaction (e.g. one way, one to one communitaion (feedback), many to one communication and many to many communication)
The ways of drawing diagrams
// Dance _ Labanotation //Labanotation is a notation system for recording and analyzing human movement. In this system, simple symbols are used for representing movements of a body.
// Architecture _ Bernard Tchumi // He captures a set of scenes commonly seen in buildings. Then he transcribes the track of eyes into diagrams. Finally, he translates back to some events represented by the diagrams.
// Music _ John Cage //
// Music _ Cornelius Cardew //
Conclusion
Working in progress...


Shenmue III launch trailer references the 18-year long wait
Source: Deep Silver
What you need to know
- Shenmue III releases on November 19th, 2019 after an 18-year long gap since its predecessor.
- It was funded through Kickstarter.
- Its launch trailer is a wistful trip down memory lane.
- It is set to launch on PS4 and PC, but leaks have hinted at an Xbox One version.
After being in development hell for over a decade, passionate fans have resurrected Shenmue III through Kickstarter, and it's finally about to release after 18 long years since Shenmue II. Just goes to show that fan enthusiam — and money — counts for something. Mostly the money.
Ahead of its release on November 19th, Deep Silver has dropped a launch trailer taking us on a trip down memory lane of the iconic series, and giving us a glimpse of what we can look forward to. The trailer references the 18-year wait by stating that "18 years ago the clock stopped," but "passions never waver."
If you're worried about not being caught up on the adventure, Shenmue III will include a "recap digest" movie so you don't feel lost for not having played the first two games. Game Director Yu Suzuki wants this game to be accessible to everyone, not just longtime fans.
Shenmue is is currently set to launch on PlayStation 4 and PC via the Epic Games Store. Though Deep Silver denies that an Xbox One version is in the works, it's own website accidentally listed an Xbox One pre-order for the game back in June before being pulled. Nothing is confirmed, but don't be surprised if you see it on Microsoft's console sometime in the future.
Success story
Shenmue III
Kickstarter works sometimes!
Shenmue III managed to raise over $6 million to get the game created, one of the most backed games in history. Can it live up to the hype? We will have to wait and see.
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


Contact Us
Home
Contact Us
Send a Mail
We Are
Call Here
Payroll and Benefit
Send A Message
Name
*
Mail
*
Website
Your Comment
Send A Message


Welcome to WildFly!
You have successfully deployed a Jakarta EE web application.
Your application can run on:
Members
| Name | PhoneNumber | |
|---|---|---|
| {{NAME}} | {{EMAIL}} | {{PHONE_NUMBER}} |
You have successfully deployed a Jakarta EE web application.
| Name | PhoneNumber | |
|---|---|---|
| {{NAME}} | {{EMAIL}} | {{PHONE_NUMBER}} |
Learn more about JBoss WildFly.


I have a background of .NET C#, Flash AS3, HTML and JavaScript and some C, C++ and Java; So far the .NET and C# get closest to what I consider a perfect framework. Yet I had most fun while I was working with Flash. Flash is slowly dying however as adobe is focusing on HTML. Now in my spare time I am doing some work, trying to get what made me happy in Flash, and fill the gaps with what is available in .NET. And since I do not have much of that spare time, I will be taking any possible shortcuts, the documentations would be short and punctual, often things would be let to your imagination.
I am currently working on the language and language spec, along with compiler front-end. The parser is written in the GOLD. There is a .NET tool currently that with simple tree rewriting algorithms converts GOLD's parse tree to AST in XML format. (yep XML, because its cool) XML allows us to convert code to colorized HTML, to navigate easily the tree with xpath, to build API reference, and is overall is flexible. Once the language is set in stone we will measure performance and if necessary implement non XML version.
Currently the code is not even in an alpha state...
You can find the RosiVM playground in github:
https://github.com/FireSt-dead/RosiVM
I think to release the language under the MIT license. I do not have plans for VM and tools just yet.


24"x36"; acrylic on canvas
24"x48"; oil/acrylic on canvas
18"x24"; acrylic on canvas
24"x36"; oil on canvas
24"x36", oil on canvas
12"x9", acrylic on 2 canvases
24"x23", oil on canvas
24"x36", oil on canvas
Jarrett Fuller is a designer, critic, and podcaster based in Baltimore, MD.
He’s currently finishing his MFA in graphic design with a concentration in critical studies from Maryland Institute College Art, where he also teaches in the undergraduate design department; hosts the weekly podcast Scratching the Surface; and maintains a freelance design practice.
As a painter, he’s influenced by Gehard Richter, Michael Cina, and Mark Rothko and is interested in texture, color, pattern, and layers.


Add SSH Server
Options
Default Localhost SSH
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Configure
Run
×
Connect to Server
Enter Password
×
Add SSH server
Server Address
Server Port
Use a default username
Remember Password
In order to remember passwords, you must set a master password in Options.


{% extends "tours/base.html" %}{% load i18n %}{% load molly_maps %}{% load molly_utils %} {% block content %} {% include "geolocation/update_location_embed.html" %} {% if stop %} {% if previous_stop %}
{% blocktrans with full_path|urlencode as share_url %}Your tour has been created and is saved to this device, you can use the Share button to share on different devices. Your route order may have been optimised to minimise travelling distance.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans count p_and_r.routes|length as num_routes with p_and_r.routes|join:', ' as route_numbers and p_and_r.start.title as start and p_and_r.origin_stop.entity.title as origin_stop %}At {{ start }} take service {{ route_numbers }} from {{ origin_stop }}.{% plural %}At {{ start }} take any of services {{ route_numbers }} from stop {{ origin_stop }}.{% endblocktrans %}
{% blocktrans with p_and_r.closest_stop.title as end %}When the service reaches {{ end }}, disembark and continue by foot using the directions below.{% endblocktrans %}


Previous
Next
Login
Logout
Login
×
Logout
×
Are you sure?
Register
×
Edit
Cancel
Save
Delete
Title:
Subtitle:
Abstract:
Body:
Statistics
Storage Status
Name
Status
Total (TB)
Used (TB)
Available (TB)
Used (%)
HPC-GPU blackJeans
Web Service Provider
Computing Nodes
Workflow
Id
Name
Partition
Status
Node List
Open Data
Place
Image
JSON
csv
OPeNDAP (History)
OPeNDAP (Archive)
WMS (History)
WMS (Archive)
By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy, Privacy Policy, and our Terms of Service
I agree


BrQ hemozoin digestive Fig. X-ray vacuole crystals heme crystal drug red blood parasite surface fluorescence Appendix, antimalarial parasites cell membrane {border-style quinoline signal Plasmodium cells coverage px;} #ffffff;} BrQ-treated atoms chloroquine infected section drugs Yang crystals. distribution overlap shown BrQ-free parasitic Chem. action concentration malaria map measured labeled soft culture complex concentrations crystallization presence unit background falciparum mode molecule number vacuole. vivo accumulates free growth isolated maps microscopy outside parasites. px; used {font-family Sci. University affinity area binding cells. faces font-size inhibition membranes parasite. structure surface. vacuole, (see Biochem. Br,Hz Copenhagen Kapishnikov Med. analysis bromine bromoquine docking double; interaction introduced parameter possible range {}, Acad. Based Ginsburg Hemozoin Hz, J.A.-N. Natl. Proc. article average border-color border-width capping described detailed direct estimate given hemoglobin hemozoin. high higher inhibit large membrane, membranes. model observation observed order reported samples. solid; study sufficient synthetic tomography {font-style {font-weight (iRBC Denmark Dubar Egan Foundation However, L.L., Leiserowitz S.K., Synchrotron U.S.A. activity albeit analyzed bind bold bovine bulk cell, corresponding courier; crystals, data different drugs, em; evidence extent falciparum-infected light lipid membranes, molecular molecules molecules. pigment possibly present proposed provided pt;} ratio resistance respectively. resulting serum similar simulated site sites strain strong tomographic toxic vitro


Ex-Boston College student linked to boyfriend’s suicide to be arraigned Friday, report says
by Dom CalicchioInyoung You, a 21-year-old former Boston College student accused of encouraging her boyfriend to kill himself, is scheduled to appear in court Friday.
You had returned to her native South Korea but is due in a Suffolk County courtroom to face charges of involuntary manslaughter in the death of 22-year-old Alexander Urtula, FOX 25 of Boston reported.
The woman was in South Korea when she was indicted in October. She and Urtula had dated for 18 months before Urtula, a New Jersey resident, jumped to his death from the top of a parking garage May 20, the day of his college graduation.
Earlier this week a public relations firm working on behalf of You released text messages suggesting she tried to intervene before Urtula died, FOX 25 reported.
After the announcement of her upcoming arraignment, David Guarino, a spokesman for the Urtula family released a statement that read in part:
“Since losing Alexander in May, the Urtula family and everyone who loved Alex has been devastated by his loss. Not a minute of any day goes by without those who loved Alex grieving and continually feeling the sharp pain of his passing all over again. memory by allowing his family and friends the privacy they need during this difficult time.”
The couple exchanged some 75,000 texts in the weeks before Urtula’s death, MassLive.com reported. Some of those from You said “go die” and that his loved ones would be better off without him, Suffolk County District Attorney Rachael Rollins told the news outlet.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
It was unclear what potential penalty You faces if convicted.
[Editor's note: This story discusses suicide. If you or someone you know is having thoughts of suicide, please contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).]
Fox News’ Nicole Darrah contributed to this story.


Recipe 2.12. Sending Binary Data to Standard Output Under Windows
Credit: Hamish Lawson
Problem
You want to send binary data (e.g., an
image) to stdout under Windows.
Solution
That's what the setmode function,
in the platform-dependent (Windows-only) msvcrt
module in the Python Standard Library, is for:
import sys
if sys.platform == "win32":
import os, msvcrt
msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno( ), os.O_BINARY)
You can now
call sys.stdout.write with any bytestring as the
argument, and the bytestring will go unmodified to standard output.
Discussion
While Unix doesn't make (or need) a distinction
between text and binary modes, if you are reading or writing binary
data, such as an image, under Windows, the file must be opened in
binary mode. This is a problem for programs that write binary data to
standard output (as a CGI script, for example, could be expected to
do), because Python opens the sys.stdout file
object on your behalf, normally in text mode.
You can have stdout opened in binary mode instead
by supplying the -u command-line option to the
Python interpreter. For example, if you know your CGI script will be
running under the Apache web server, as the first line of your
script, you can use something like:
#! c:/python23/python.exe -u
assuming you're running under Python 2.3 with a
standard installation. Unfortunately, you may not always be able to
control the command line under which your script will be started. The
approach taken in this recipe's
"Solution" offers a workable
alternative. The setmode function provided by the
Windows-specific msvcrt module lets you change the
mode of stdout's underlying file
descriptor. By using this function, you can ensure from within your
program that sys.stdout gets set to binary mode.
See Also
Documentation for the msvcrt module in the
Library Reference and Python in a
Nutshell.
|


property HandleSize: Integer;
Specifies the size of the handle:
If HandleSize is 0 (default), the size is calculated and updated automatically to keep the handle square.
[See also]: ButtonSize


Hey! I'm Ally and I love making things. That's a pretty broad statement that covers my love of programming and crafting. I aspire to be hip front end web developer but also have a lot of back end experience. In my free time you can find me at a hackathon or crafting something from the millions of free tshirts I just got. My Devpost page, under 'projects', has links to my work and I've also included a link to my Etsy shop to show of some of my art. I'm also all over the internet so you can reach me on any of the social media networks linked above (:


unsigned_integers - Implement operations with unsigned integers
The unsigned_integers module provides a number of operations that emulate unsigned integers in Fortran. For some applications unsigned integers are very useful. The module uses ordinary integers as the basic data type and adds only those operations that differ between signed and unsigned integers:
The name of the module. The module does not use any others.
Division with a and b interpreted as unsigned integers. (Both should be declared as ordinary integers!)
Compare two "unsigned" integers and return the result as a logical. The result is true if a is smaller than b.
Similarly: .ule., .ugt. and .uge. are the unsigned equivalents of .le., .gt. and .ge..
Return a string representing the "unsigned" integer a.
Return an "unsigned" integer from a string. (Accepts "-1" and "2147483648" represent the unsigned value<PHONE_NUMBER>.
All other operations, including left and right bit shifts (in Fortran), give the same results for unsigned integers as for signed integers, so that you can safely use the standard operations. The only caveat is that this presumes two's-complement integers, but those are ubiquitous.
Copyright © 2010 Arjen Markus <arjenmarkus@sourceforge.net>


This is the sound of the monero network.
Whenever somebody makes a transaction you will hear one of the drums
(
).
When a block is found you will hear the ride cymbal ( ).
@if(xmrDonationAddress) {
Monero network is still a bit quiet and
the server beer costs money monero
so hit the drum by donating:
@xmrDonationAddress
}
@if(xmrDonationAddress && btcDonationAddress) {
or }
@if(btcDonationAddress) {
donate bitcoin:
@btcDonationAddress
}