Return the value raised to the power of x.
If the value is less than 0, and x is a normal number the result is
NAN.
If the result overflows the result is T.float.max.
If the result underflows the result is 0.0.
Except as specified below, if the value or x is a NAN, the result is a
NAN.
If the value is 1, the result is 1.0 (even if x is a NAN).
If the value is 0, the result is 1.0 (even if x is a NAN).
If the value is +0 (-0), and x is an odd integer greater than 0, the
result is +0 (-0).
If x is 0, and the value greater than 0 and not an odd integer, the
result is +0.
If x is -1, and the value is INF or NINF, the result is 1.0.
If the absolute value of x is less than 1, and the value is NINF, the
result is INF.
If the absolute value of x is greater than 1, and the value is NINF,
the result is +0.
If the absolute value of x is less than 1, and the value is INF, the
result is +0.
If the absolute value of x is greater than 1, and the value is INF, the
result is INF.
If x is NINF, and the value is an odd integer less than 0, the result
is -0.
If x is NINF, and the value less than 0 and not an odd integer, the
result is +0.
If x is NINF, and the value is an odd integer greater than 0, the
result is NINF.
If x is NINF, and the value greater than 0 and not an odd integer, the
result is INF.
If x is INF, and the value less than 0, the result is +0.
If x is INF, and the value greater than 0, the result is INF.
If x is +0 or -0, and the value is an odd integer less than 0,
the result is T.float.max with same sign as x.
If x is +0 or -0, and the value is less than 0 and not an odd integer,
the result is T.float.max
|


Modules | |
| GLM_GTC_constants | |
| Provide a list of constants and precomputed useful values. | |
| GLM_GTC_epsilon | |
| Comparison functions for a user defined epsilon values. | |
| GLM_GTC_matrix_access | |
| GLM_GTC_matrix_integer | |
| GLM_GTC_matrix_inverse | |
| GLM_GTC_matrix_transform | |
| Defines functions that generate common transformation matrices. | |
| GLM_GTC_noise | |
| GLM_GTC_packing | |
| This extension provides a set of function to convert vertors to packed formats. | |
| GLM_GTC_quaternion | |
| Defines a templated quaternion type and several quaternion operations. | |
| GLM_GTC_random | |
| Generate random number from various distribution methods. | |
| GLM_GTC_reciprocal | |
| Define secant, cosecant and cotangent functions. | |
| GLM_GTC_type_precision | |
| Defines specific C++-based precision types. | |
| GLM_GTC_type_ptr | |
| Handles the interaction between pointers and vector, matrix types. | |
| GLM_GTC_ulp | |
| Allow the measurement of the accuracy of a function against a reference implementation. This extension works on floating-point data and provide results in ULP. <glm/gtc/ulp.hpp> need to be included to use these features. | |
| GLM_GTX_dual_quaternion | |
| Defines a templated dual-quaternion type and several dual-quaternion operations. | |
| GLM_GTX_rotate_normalized_axis | |
| Quaternions and matrices rotations around normalized axis. |
GTC extensions aim to be stable.
Even if it's highly unrecommended, it's possible to include all the extensions at once by including <glm/ext.hpp>. Otherwise, each extension needs to be included a specific file.


Future Retail share price declines 2% after Morgan Stanley cuts price target
Revenue miss of 1.4 percent in Q2 was largely on account of lower same-store-sales-growth of 4.6 percent, Morgan Stanley said.
by Moneycontrol NewsShares of Future Retail declined nearly 2 percent after global brokerage house Morgan Stanley cut its price target for the stock.
The stock lost 38 percent of its value in last one year. It was quoting at Rs 325.50, down Rs 6.10, or 1.84 percent on the BSE at 1208 hours IST.
While maintaining overweight call on the stock, Morgan Stanley slashed its target price to Rs 540 from Rs 660 per share, implying 63 percent potential upside from current levels.
Company's Q2 earnings were in-line, but a sharp rise in debt is a key negative, said the brokerage. Hence, it lowered FY20 earnings estimate by 8.5 percent, but increased FY21 & FY22 earnings estimates by 1 percent on corporate tax rate cut.
Revenue miss of 1.4 percent in Q2 was largely on account of lower same-store-sales-growth of 4.6 percent, Morgan Stanley said.
Company's profit in the quarter ended September 2019 stood at Rs 165.72, down by 6.5 percent YoY, but revenue from operations increased by 9.7 percent to Rs 5,449 crore YoY.


The table below report an overview of available boundary conditions and specifications. The description specifies the application and the restriction of the boundary conditions.
Boundary availability depends on the application you are currently using.
| Boundary | Description |
|---|---|
| INLET - Absolute velocity |
Inlet velocity - Velocity vector is specified in an absolute reference frame
|
| INLET - Cylindrical velocity |
Inlet velocity in a cylindrical reference frame
|
| INLET - Relative velocity |
Inlet velocity - Velocity vector is specified in a relative reference frame
|
| INLET - Total pressure |
Total pressure inlet condition - valid also for outlet condition
|
| INLET - Velocity |
Inlet velocity - Velocity vector normal to the surface (use negative value for outflow)
|
| INLET - Velocity and particles |
Inlet velocity with specified inlet particles
|
| INLET - Velocity fixed temperature |
Inlet velocity with specified temperature - Velocity vector normal to the surface
|
| INLET - Velocity vector |
Inlet velocity where the user specifies the velocity vector
|
| INLET - Velocity vector fixed temperature |
Inlet velocity where the user specifies the velocity vector and the temperature
|
| INLET - Volume flow |
Inlet condition with prescribed volume flow (use negative value for outflow)
|
| OUTLET - Pressure |
Outlet condition for pressure - Backscatter flow is denied
|
| WALL - Adiabatic no slip |
No slip adiabatic wall
|
| WALL - Fire fixed temperature |
No slip wall with prescribed temperature
|
| WALL - Fire heat flux |
No slip wall with imposed temperature gradient
|
| WALL - Fire location |
No slip wall with imposed temperature gradient
|
| WALL - No slip |
No slip adiabatic wall
|
| WALL - No slip fixed temperature |
No slip wall with imposed temperature
|
| WALL - No slip rough wall |
No slip rough wall
|
| WALL - No slip with CO production |
No slip wall with imposed CO production
|
| WALL - No slip with heat flux |
No slip wall with imposed heat flux per surface unit
|
| WALL - No slip with heat power |
No slip wall with imposed global heat flux
|
| WALL - Rotating |
Rotating adiabatic wall
|
| WALL - Rotating no slip |
Rotating adiabatic wall
|
| WALL - Rotating no slip rough wall |
No slip rotating rough wall
|


Ralf Schumacher: Lewis Hamilton can beat Michael Schumacher's all-time F1 record
by Bobby VincentRalf Schumacher believes his own brother's all-time Formula 1 record of seven Drivers' titles is under serious threat of being beaten, with Lewis Hamilton clinching his sixth last weekend.
Hamilton won his third successive Drivers' Championship last weekend, as he crossed the chequered flag in second-place at the United States Grand Prix, leaving him just one title behind the legendary German driver.
"Both of them have achieved something incredible," Ralf said to Auto Bild. "I think Lewis can break Michael's records now."
Many have said that Hamilton is only this successful because of the machinery Mercedes have supplied him with over recent seasons, and Schumacher acknowledges that, but has insisted there are more factors to being an F1 champion: "He always gets the maximum from the opportunities. Everything fits together with him.
 He knows he is the absolute number one.
"That creates trust and is very good for a driver. He probably doesn't make many mistakes because of that."


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1000, // amount in cents, again "currency" => "aud", "source" => $token, "description" => "Example charge" )); } catch(\Stripe\Error\Card $e) { // The card has been declined } ?>


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Safeguarding biodiversity is a task that calls for the active involvement of all citizens, businesses, governments and organizations. Collectively, we need to build a vast network to communicate the importance of biodiversity with the rest of world. Very substantial changes from business-as-usual trends are needed in order to address the challenges we face: to slow and stop the loss of biodiversity.
The map below and the calendar give an overview of the work being done around the world in the context of the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity. Actions include specific programmes and projects, policy changes, activities, events and more. If you would like your celebration included, please register it by filling the form or contact us.


| Home > Documentation > Developing > Tutorials > Getting familiar with the development environment > Using shared libraries in your applications |
The server provides a common directory where you can install class files and JAR files that can be shared by multiple Java EE assets. Although the shared library may not be suitable for production environments, it may be a convenient place to keep classes or libraries while you are developing your Java EE asset.
You can use a reference class to the gbean org.apache.geronimo.system.sharedlib.SharedLib
so that you can use shared libraries in your applications. By default, you may put all your libraries and classes files under <Geronimo_HOME>/var/shared directory, then add a dependency to deployment plan of your application as followed.
You can also specify another directory rather than the default <Geronimo_HOME>/var/shared directory for libraries sharing. Use the following code snippet in your deployment plan when referring to a relative path:
or the following code snippet when referring to an absolute path:
| Bookmark this on Delicious Digg this | Privacy Policy - Copyright © 2003-2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under ASL 2.0. |


CoreDataSource
Undocumented
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$24-$2B/36-43: Scratch pad of GCR conversion Storage for BIN -> GCR conversions ROM-Reference: CMP $24 : $F3C4 CMP $24,Y : $F543 STA $24 : $F3B9 STA $25,X : $F3CE Previous Page / Next Page


HC closes plea challenging recruitment notification
by Staff ReporterMADURAIThe Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court on Monday closed a public interest litigation petition that challenged a notification issued by Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited for recruitment under ‘C’ and ‘D’ categories.
A Division Bench of Justices T.S. Sivagnanam and R. Tharani observed that a service matter was filed in the name of a public interest litigation petition. Therefore, the petition could not be entertained, the court said and closed the petition.
The petitioner, M. Appavu, a former MLA, had sought a direction to recruit local residents.


Welcome to the LaTeX/TeX Cheatsheet for Math
This is a cheatsheet for typing Math using the LaTeX or TeX syntax. Click on the links on the right for more detailed information.
Many of the contents here are adapted extracted from Wikibooks (https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX, etc.)
Note that with the math renderer for this site, not all LaTeX/TeX macros are supported. The main ones supported are those that deal with Math, not text.
For example, \(\begin{enumerate}...\end{enumerate}\) is not supported, as you can see from the misrendering, which originally is supposed to create a list
If you want everything, please go to https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics. The stuff over here is just as a cheatsheet and therefore does not provide all of the documentation.
If all else fails and you have no idea how to type it out. Please approach our good friend Google.
What is LaTeX/TeX?
TeX is a computer program for typesetting documents, created by Donald Knuth. It takes a suitably prepared computer file and converts it to a form which may be printed on many kinds of printers, including dot-matrix printers, laser printers and high-resolution typesetting machines. LaTeX is a set of macros for TeX that aims at reducing the user's task to the sole role of writing the content, LaTeX taking care of all the formatting process.
With this type of markup language, and the use of plugins such as MathJax, one is able to produce really nice typesetted math and content that is consistent throughout many browsers. The math that is typesetted is what one would see on textbooks, worksheets, etc.
Because of these reasons, we chose to use LaTeX markup to reliably write and display math on the web. If you have never seen or heard or used LaTeX or TeX in your whole life, fret not, it is easy to learn, afterall you can always comeback to this cheatsheet to properly format your math, or any text at all that you want rendered in LaTeX/TeX.
For example:
$${n! \over k!(n-k)!} = {n \choose k}$$
{n! \over k!(n-k)!} = {n \choose k}
$$\frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}}{y-z}$$
\frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}}{y-z}
Mathematics Environment
This part you mainly do not have to worry because the editor automatically for you depending on your choice of displayed or inline math. However, this section is here for you information, or when you want to edit the source directly
To define and identify a math equation or anything that you want rendered by MathJax, use the following to start and end
| Displayed Math | \[ ... \] |
$$ ... $$ |
| inline Math | \( ... \) |
$ ... $ is not defined as math delimiters by default for inline math due to its often appearance in non-mathematical settings.
Due to HTML using < and > as braces for tags, when you type \(x \lt y\), it is recommended and often necessary to type \lt for < and \gt for >.
If you are typing text normally, you are said to be in text mode, but while you are typing within one of those mathematical environments, you are said to be in math mode, that has some differences compared to the text mode:
- Most spaces and line breaks do not have any significance, as all spaces are either derived logically from the mathematical expressions, or have to be specified with special commands such as \quad
- Empty lines are not allowed. Only one paragraph per formula.
- Each letter is considered to be the name of a variable and will be typeset as such. If you want to typeset normal text within a formula (normal upright font and normal spacing) then you have to enter the text using dedicated commands.
Symbols
You can directly type the following symbols:
+ - = ! / ( ) [ ] < > | ' :
For the rest, specific commands/markup has to be written. You can refer to the following sites for more information. For any of these, you can ignore the \include{} line.


--- title: new post author: amao date: '2019-12-22' slug: new-post tags: - mine subtitle: '' summary: '' authors: [] lastmod: '2019-12-22T02:22:13+03:00' featured: no image: caption: '' focal_point: '' preview_only: no projects: [] ---
https://lcolladotor.github.io/2018/03/07/blogdown-insert-image-addin/#.Xf6mB9lRXmE
n Hugo, themes control the entire appearance and functionality of your site. So, if you care a lot about the appearance of your website, you will probably spend quite a bit of time in the beginning looking for a Hugo theme that you like from the collection listed at http://themes.gohugo.io. Please note that not all themes have been tested against blogdown. If you find a certain theme does not work well with blogdown, you may report to https://github.com/rstudio/blogdown/issues, and we will try to investigate the reason, but it can be time-consuming to learn and understand how a new theme works, so we recommend that you learn more about Hugo by yourself before asking, and we also encourage users to help each other there.
After you have found a satisfactory theme, you need to figure out its GitHub username and repository name,18 then either install the theme via blogdown::install_theme(), or just create a new site under another new directory and pass the GitHub repository name to the theme argument of new_site(). We recommend that you use the second approach, because Hugo themes could be very complicated and the usage of each theme can be very different and highly dependent on config.toml. If you install a theme using install_theme() instead of new_site() you’ll need to manually create the config.toml file in the root directory of your website to match the newly installed theme.19
Now use the Serve Site addin and check if you like your images. You might want to change the height/widths or alternate text. You could also wrap the HTML/Markdown code around it for linking to a website.
You can also delete your original images, if for example, they are cluttering your


AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service HealthCheckConfig
Public DNS and HTTP namespaces only. A complex type that contains
settings for an optional health check. If you specify settings for a health check, AWS Cloud Map
associates the health check with the records that you specify in DnsConfig
.
If you specify a health check configuration, you can specify either
HealthCheckCustomConfig
or HealthCheckConfig
but not both.
Health checks are basic Route 53 health checks that monitor an AWS endpoint. For
information about pricing for health checks, see Amazon Route 53 Pricing
Note the following about configuring health checks.
- A and AAAA records
-
If
DnsConfig
includes configurations for bothA
andAAAA
records, AWS Cloud Map creates a health check that uses the IPv4 address to check the health of the resource. If the endpoint tthat's specified by the IPv4 address is unhealthy, Route 53 considers both theA
andAAAA
records to be unhealthy. - CNAME records
-
You can't specify settings for
HealthCheckConfig
when theDNSConfig
includesCNAME
for the value ofType
. If you do, theCreateService
request will fail with anInvalidInput
error. - Request interval
-
A Route 53 health checker in each health-checking AWS Region sends a health check request to an endpoint every 30 seconds. On average, your endpoint receives a health check request about every two seconds. However, health checkers don't coordinate with one another. Therefore, you might sometimes see several requests in one second that's followed by a few seconds with no health checks at all.
- Health checking regions
-
Health checkers perform checks from all Route 53 health-checking Regions. For a list of the current Regions, see Regions.
- Alias records
-
When you register an instance, if you include the
AWS_ALIAS_DNS_NAME
attribute, AWS Cloud Map creates a Route 53 alias record. Note the following:-
Route 53 automatically sets
EvaluateTargetHealth
to true for alias records. WhenEvaluateTargetHealth
is true, the alias record inherits the health of the referenced AWS resource. such as an ELB load balancer. For more information, see EvaluateTargetHealth. -
If you include
HealthCheckConfig
and then use the service to register an instance that creates an alias record, Route 53 doesn't create the health check.
-
- Charges for health checks
-
Health checks are basic Route 53 health checks that monitor an AWS endpoint. For information about pricing for health checks, see Amazon Route 53 Pricing
.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "FailureThreshold" :
Double
, "ResourcePath" :String
, "Type" :String
}
YAML
FailureThreshold:
Double
ResourcePath:String
Type:String
Properties
FailureThreshold
-
The number of consecutive health checks that an endpoint must pass or fail for Route 53 to change the current status of the endpoint from unhealthy to healthy or the other way around. For more information, see How Route 53 Determines Whether an Endpoint Is Healthy in the Route 53 Developer Guide.
Required: No
Type: Double
Minimum:
1
Maximum:
10
Update requires: No interruption
ResourcePath
-
The path that you want Route 53 to request when performing health checks. The path can be any value that your endpoint returns an HTTP status code of a 2xx or 3xx format for when the endpoint is healthy. An example file is
/docs/route53-health-check.html
. Route 53 automatically adds the DNS name for the service. If you don't specify a value forResourcePath
, the default value is/
.If you specify
TCP
forType
, you must not specify a value forResourcePath
.Required: No
Type: String
Maximum:
255
Update requires: No interruption
Type
-
The type of health check that you want to create, which indicates how Route 53 determines whether an endpoint is healthy.
Important You can't change the value of
Type
after you create a health check.You can create the following types of health checks:
-
HTTP: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection. If successful, Route 53 submits an HTTP request and waits for an HTTP status code of 200 or greater and less than 400.
-
HTTPS: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection. If successful, Route 53 submits an HTTPS request and waits for an HTTP status code of 200 or greater and less than 400.
Important If you specify HTTPS for the value of
Type
, the endpoint must support TLS v1.0 or later. -
TCP: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection.
If you specify
TCP
forType
, don't specify a value forResourcePath
.
For more information, see How Route 53 Determines Whether an Endpoint Is Healthy in the Route 53 Developer Guide.
Required: Yes
Type: String
Allowed values:
HTTP | HTTPS | TCP
Update requires: No interruption
-
See also
-
Return values in the topic AWS::ServiceDiscovery::Service
-
HealthCheckConfig in the AWS Cloud Map API Reference


[gecode-users] documentation for member propagator
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Mon Sep 26 12:50:22 CEST 2011
Right, all constraint post functions for integer constraints have the
optional IntConLevel argument as last argument even though only one
consistency level might be supported.
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Kish Shen
Sent: Friday, September 23, 2011 5:16 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] documentation for member propagator
On 22/09/2011 18:54, Christian Schulte wrote:
> Thanks for the typo, fixed in the trunk. The membership propagator is
domain
> consistent (the reference doc says that, in fact), check the top of the
> page.
>
> The missing argument comes from the fact that doxygen for some reason does
> pick up the implementation and the declaration (that's a bug in doxygen).
A
> missing argument means that it is not used in the implementation.
>
Hi Christian,
Thanks for your reply.
I was scanning for the ICL_.. string, so missed the mention of domain
consistent part. Am correct that for the other constraints, the
function calls do have an IntConLev argument, even if the constraint
supports only one consistency level (such as the single variable count
constraints before your recent change), or if the consistency level is
not one of the standard one (such as the schduling constraints). Is
there any reason why the argument is not there for the member constraint
(I assume the argument is also a dummy argument for the other
constraints that has only one consistency level)?
Cheers,
Kish
--
This e-mail may contain confidential and privileged material for the
sole use of the intended recipient. Any review, use, distribution or
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recipient (or authorized to receive for the recipient), please contact
the sender by reply e-mail and delete all copies of this message.
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About three years ago I began smoking cannabis daily. I became disenchanted with my life as a result and so smoked more. As time went on I began to crave stronger dope so moved on to cheap weed. For another year this was great I smoked and smoked and became more and more detached from reality. The cheap weed I was buying began to have no effect so I moved onto good weed. Smoking this I felt stoned once again but my paranoia and social withdrawl were becoming more desperate.
After a few months of this I began flying to Amsterdam and sending back weights to the uk and smoking the profits. I had by now quit my job, alienated all my friends and family as a result of my habit, I was smoking around two once every week. On halloween last year I had a major psychotic episode due to the cannabis which as I had never read anything about this on erowid or otherwise I was not expecting. I was sectioned to the local mental hospital and remained there for a week before being sent home. Eight months on I am taking Olanzapine and being told I can never use dope again or risk schizophrenia.
I know the majority of people use it responsibly, I know that many people can use weak grass everyday and be 'almost' unaffected, but, those who smoke strong grass every day for a long time are destined to end up like me and there is nothing on your site to suggest the same. Please put up a warning. Something like... The long term affects of daily cannabis use massively increases the amount of dopamine in the brain leading to mental problems including psychosis and eventually schizophrenia. Occasional use causes no long term damage but will still increase dopamine levels leading to paranoia and unfounded anxiety.
I used to think I was so cool, all over the UK news were stories about how dope should be legalised and how its harmless, everyday a newspaper would print a story championing its cause and at the same time I was providing dealers with grass I knew was stronger than they had ever had before. Now I feel so stupid, that I provided such strong dope to so many young people makes me sick and I wish I could do something to put that right.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


DotQ
From Kx Wiki
Contents |
.Q unreference
Before using any of the functions in the .Q namespace be sure to (re)read the comment in the q.k file where they are defined.\d .Q /DO NOT USE ROUTINES PAST HERE. SUBJECT TO CHANGEthat's there for a reason.
Look on these functions as Private API compared to the Public API defined in .q
As these functions are defined in q.k, and are loaded as part of the "bootstrap" of q they are of course written in k.
But sometimes you need to know what these functions do when you come across them in other people's code - so this document aims to describe the commonly encountered ones. Feel free to add others below!
General
- .Q.addmonths (since v2.4)
- .Q.fc (since v2.6)
- .Q.fk (since v2.4t)
- .Q.fmt (since v2.4)
- .Q.gc (since v2.7)
- .Q.j10 (and x10, j12, x12)
- .Q.k is checked against .z.k at startup to ensure that the executable and the copy of q.k being used are compatible
- .Q.l implements \l
Partitioned Database State
- .Q.bv (since v3.0 2012.01.26)
- .Q.vp (since v3.0 2012.01.26)


October 16
Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompense of reward. For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye
might receive the promise.
Hebrews 10:35-36
Most of us have a distorted idea about patience. We think of it as something designed to help us suffer failure gracefully, but according to these scriptures, it will actually put us on the path to success!
Patience (or being consistently constant) is the power twin of faith.
Theyworktogether to see to it that the promises of God are fulfilled in your life.
Say, for example, you need a job. You can go to the Word and see clearly that God promises to provide your needs. You can see He takes pleasure in the prosperity of His servants. Once you see that, faith takes hold and you shout, "Hallelujah, I've got the job I need."
 Then what? That's when patience has to take over! That's when you have to make a decision to stay constant, to act as if nothing's changed.
The truth is, if you based your confidence on the Word of God, nothing has changed. It says exactly the same thing it said yesterday.
So, if you'll put patience to work, you know what you're going to say after those three unsuccessful job interviews? You're going to say, "Hallelujah, I've got the job I need!" just like you did before.
You see, faith opens the door to God's promise for you; and patience keeps it open until that promise is fulfilled.
 Don't let the delay discourage you. Put patience to work. The Word guarantees you will receive your reward.
Scripture Reading: Hebrews 6:10-15


To validate a file, select the Reporting year and HMDA dataset you want to validate.
The file must pass all Syntactical and Validity edits before running the Quality and Macro Quality edits.
* indicates required field
{{errors.global}}
Validator Performance Option
Using this option will download approximately 20 MB of census data and help reduce processing time if you have 1,000 or more loans.


A video tour of Apple Park goes inside, beyond the Steve Jobs Theater and the Apple Store
by Christian ZibregA curious video tour of the Apple Park headquarters by travel videographer Yongsung Kim shows off the non-public areas that are off limits to visitors, including things like a long corridor on the inner side of the ring-shaped building, a pond in the center and more.
Posted back in August, the video gained prominence this morning thanks to a tweet by Dave Mark, who is executive editor of The Loop. Aside from the non-public ares, the footage also shows off areas that anyone can visit, including an atrium restaurant, an on-site Apple Store which carries some interesting Apple merchandize and apparel, and more.
Apple’s famed headquarters, which cost it a whopping $5 billion, has a visitor center.
The majority of the areas of Apple Park are closed to the public, except for said visitor center and the Steve Jobs Theater, where press events are held, as noted by Business Insider.
How do you like this rare video tour of the Apple Park building?
Let us know by sharing a comment down below.


data model {border-style px;} #ffffff;} COVID- search used Iran previous LSTM prediction models Health []. cases day coronavirus health regression Zika linear (.) Trends predict virus Data Medical disease mining px; using {font-family font-size incidence new study training RMSE University care cases. data. double; short-term term useful â€". (SD .). Figure Persian Public border-color border-width factors influenza information long outbreak related solid; value {font-style {font-weight Incidence March Table [Antiseptic affected bold countries courier; daily effect em; error estimate mean media memory performance positive predictions proposed pt;} showed shown square study, surveillance topic


CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
Why Use CSS?
CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.
SS Example
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
p {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
CSS Solved a Big Problem
HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!
HTML was created to describe the content of a web page, like:

This is a heading

This is a paragraph.

When tags like , and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts and color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.
To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.
CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!


{% comment %} Copyright 2018 - 2019 Fabian Wenzelmann Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. {% endcomment %} {% load hash %}
| Gruppe (Gewicht) | Abgestimmt | Korrigierte Abstimmung (z.B. absolute Mehrheit) |
|---|---|---|
| {{ voter.name }} ({{ voter.weight }}) | {% if vote is None %} / {% else %} {% for option_vote in vote %} {{ option_vote.sorting_position }} {% endfor %} {% endif %} | {% if actual_vote is None %} nicht einbezogen {% else %} {% for ranking_pos in actual_vote.ranking %} {{ ranking_pos }} {% endfor %} {% endif %} |


My Photo Bucket
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Deep neural networks I Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
Hector Satizabal
Andres Perez-Uribe
Goals
- Set up a Google Colab environment
- Train shallow neural networks using a) raw data and b) features computed from the raw data, and c) train a Convolutional Neural Network from raw data.
- Compare the performance and the complexity (number of weights) of the models
Setting up the environment
- Create a Google account if you do not already have one
- Upload the following files to your Google Drive account. Put them in a folder called "Colab Notebooks":
- Open the notebooks using colab (right click->Open with->Colaboratory)
- On the menu, click on Runtime and then on Change runtime type
- Select:
- Runtime type = Python 3
- Hardware accelerator = GPU
- You are now ready to play with the notebooks
Exercices
1. Digit recognition from raw data
The objective of this exercise is to train a shallow neural network using the raw pixel data of the MNIST digit database. Each digit input is an image of 28x28 pixels and there are 10 classes: digits 0 to 9.
Study the notebook MLP_from_raw_data.ipynb and play with the code to solve this benchmark classification task. Compare the results obtained by various neural network configurations and diverse parameters. Select a final model (e.g., the one with better performance) for analysis (please, see below the summary of work to know what to include in the report).
2. Digit recognition from features of the input data
The objective of this exercise is to train a shallow neural network using features computed from the raw pixel data of the MNIST digit database. Instead of using as input the 28x28 pixel images, we compute the Histogram of gradients (HOG) features of parts of the image (e.g., sliding windows) and use those features as inputs to the neural network.
Study the notebook MLP_from_HOG.ipynb and play with the code. Compare the results obtained by using various neural network configurations, e.g., diverse parameters of the learning and of the feature extraction phase. Finally compare the results with the previous section and select a final model (e.g., the one with better performanceI) for analysis (please, see below the summary of work to know what to include in the report).
3. Convolutional neural network digit recognition
The objective of this exercise is to train a deep convolutional neural network capable of "automatically" determining the features (i.e., via the set of convolutional kernels trained by supervised learning) that allow it to properly recognize the digits 0 to 9.
Study the notebook CNN.ipynb and play with the code. Compare the results obtained by using various neural network configurations, filter sizes, number of filters per layer, using or not dropout and compare the obtained results with the previous two sections. Select a final model (e.g., the one with better performanceI) for analysis (please, see below the summary of work to know what to include in the report).
Summary of work to include in the report
- What is the learning algorithm being used to train the neural networks? What are the parameters (arguments) being used by that algorithm? What cost function is being used? please, give the equation(s)
- Model complexity: for each experiment (shallow network learning from raw data, shallow network learning from features and CNN), select a neural network topology and describe the inputs, indicate how many are they, and how many outputs. Compute the number of weights of each model (e.g., how many weights between the input and the hidden layer, how many weights between each pair of layers, biases, etc..) and explain how do you get to the total number of weights.
- Are the deep neural networks much more complex (i.e., do they have more weights ?) than the shallow ones? explain with one example
- Test every notebook for three different meaningful cases, describe the model and present the performance of the system (e.g., plot of the evolution of the error, final evaluation scores and confusion matrices). Comment the differences in results. Are there particular digits that are frequently confused?
HEIG-VD, 2018


Find all information regarding the digital infrastructure in Ghana, Mauritius and United Kingdom.
Finding information on digital infrastructure of various countries can be a tedious task. This website has been put together to help people seeking such data and statistics. However, the information on this website relate to just three countries namely: Ghana, Mauritius and United Kingdom. If you are planning on visitin any of these three countries, feel free to explore the various information that is relevant to you. Whatever you aim is, we hope this website will be useful to you and help you accomplish it.
The Republic of Ghana, formerly the Gold Coast, is a West African country lying on the Gulf of Guinea.
Learn MoreThe Republic of Mauritius, an island country in the Indian Ocean, lies east of Madagascar and the south-east African coast.
Learn MoreThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) consists of a group of islands off the western coast of Europe. The largest, Great Britain, comprises three countries: England, Scotland and Wales. Ireland, to the west, consists of the UK’s province of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. .
Learn More


Data Mining ,Image Processing, Networking ,Cloud Computing, Nano Technology, Internet and Mobile Technology, Grid Computing, SAS, Soft Computing, Web and Text Mining, and Computational Intelligence.
Maximum two authors. Paper should be submitted in IEEE format. Not more than six pages. Participants must specify email id, address and phone number. Last date of submission of papers is on August 22, 2016. Intimation of paper acceptance through mail will be on August 24, 2016.Participants are requested to hand over the presentation soft copy to registration counter at 9.00 am. Presentation time – 10 minutes. Send your papers to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>©Designed and Developed by KGiSL-IIM


Convert an angle in radians to hours, minutes, seconds,
fraction (double precision).
CALL:
CALL sla_DR2TF (NDP, ANGLE, SIGN, IHMSF)
GIVEN:
NDP
I
number of decimal places of seconds
ANGLE
D
angle in radians
RETURNED:
SIGN
C
`+' or `-'
IHMSF
I(4)
hours, minutes, seconds, fraction
NOTES:
1.
NDP less than zero is interpreted as zero.
2.
The largest useful value for NDP is determined by the size
of ANGLE, the format of DOUBLE PRECISION floating-point numbers
on the target machine, and the risk of overflowing IHMSF(4).
For example, on a VAX computer, for ANGLE up to , the available
floating-point precision corresponds roughly to NDP=12. However,
the practical limit is NDP=9, set by the capacity of the 32-bit
integer IHMSF(4).
3.
The absolute value of ANGLE may exceed . In cases where it
does not, it is up to the caller to test for and handle the
case where ANGLE is very nearly and rounds up to 24 hours,
by testing for IHMSF(1)=24 and setting IHMSF(1-4) to zero.


Welcome to BusMall, a catalog of assorted high-markup products provided to a captive audience seeking a mental escape from the drudgery of travel. Above you will see a variety of images that once you click on them new ones appear. Please take a moment to vote on the top three you like, so we can help get those products on our catalog. Thank you for your time and may the voting be ever in your favor!


A simple implementation of doughnut plots - pie charts with a blank center. The package is named after Homer Simpson - arguably the best-known lover of doughnuts.
| Version: | 0.1-3 |
| Published: | 2016-07-11 |
| Author: | Lawrence Hudson |
| Maintainer: | Lawrence Hudson <quicklizard at googlemail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | Homeric results |
| Reference manual: | Homeric.pdf |
| Package source: | Homeric_0.1-3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: Homeric_0.1-3.zip, r-release: Homeric_0.1-3.zip, r-oldrel: Homeric_0.1-3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: Homeric_0.1-3.tgz, r-oldrel: Homeric_0.1-3.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Homeric to link to this page.


Reports FlexUnit test methods that are not
public
. Non-public methods cannot be run by the FlexUnit runner.


SYDNEY
Node Girls Sydney has been running since July 2016.
Upcoming Events
Saturday 5 th May 2018
10:00 - 16:00
JavaScript and Node
at
CoderAcademy
Workshops on JavaScript and Node.js. If by any means you want to be involved in organisation feel free to contact us.


Scrabble
Hi {{ user.username }}, it is your turn in {{ my_turn.count }} out of
{{ other.count }} games.
Active Games
{% for game in my_turn %}
- Your turn in
{{ game.name }} //
{{ game.get_players|join:", " }}
{% endfor %}
{% for game in other %}
- {{ game.current_player.username }}'s turn in
{{ game.name }} //
{{ game.get_players|join:", " }}
{% endfor %}
Recently Finished Games
{% for game in recent %}
- {{ game.name }}
was won by {{ game.get_winners|join:", " }} //
{{ game.get_players|join:", " }}
{% endfor %}


[Deal] Save 20% with MOVO this Black Friday and take your vlogging career to the next level
by Peter HoldenWhether you want to tell a story about the latest piece of technology in your hands, the food you’ve just eaten, or the mountain you are climbing, having the right equipment for the job will make things a lot easier. Luckily it’s Black Friday which means you can pick up MOVO vlogging gear such as microphones, tripods, gimbal heads, and video kits with a mega 20% discount.
You can grab a 20% saving right across the MOVO web store when entering the BF2019 discount code along with the following bonus gifts:
- Get a free Camera Case with purchases of over $50
- Get a free Video Handle with purchases of over $100
- Get a free Track Slider with purchases of over $250
From filmmakers and vloggers to mobile journalists and small business owners, Movo’s Smartphone Video Rig provides a dynamic, all-in-one solution for anyone creating video content using their smartphone. With Black Friday’s BF2019 20% discount across the entire MOVO inventory, you can take your vlogging career to the next level.
Buy it Now: MOVO
Don’t forget to check out our other Black Friday deals here
Sign up for OPPO’s ColorOS 7 beta program to test Android 10 on your OPPO Reno and Reno 10x Zoom
[Rant] OK Google, we need to talk about the Pixel 4
The Google Store will now price match with online stores from Best Buy, Walmart, Target, and Amazon


404 NOT FOUND
I have bad news for you
The page you are looking for might be removed or is temporarily unavailable.
Take me home


Open Source Infrastructure List
I work as a Systems Engineer on the OpenStack Infrastructure team. We have built the open source infrastructure for the open source project, everything we touch is open source! So the lucky engineers on our team get to work on an awesome project and travel the world and tell people about it. In the course of these travels, we've met several teams also doing the same thing.
The following is a list of open source infrastructures that we're familiar with:
- OpenStack: http://docs.openstack.org/infra/system-config/ (the one I work on)
- Debian:
- https://dsa.debian.org/ (Debian System Administrators team)
- https://ci.debian.net/ (Continuous Integration)
- Mozilla: https://wiki.mozilla.org/ReleaseEngineering/PuppetAgain
- Fedora: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Infrastructure
- Jenkins: http://jenkins-ci.org/content/come-join-infra-team
- Ubuntu:
- https://code.launchpad.net/~canonical-sysadmins & https://code.launchpad.net/~canonical-losas (Infrastructure team)
- https://jujucharms.com/store (Curated production)
- https://mojo.canonical.com/ (Deployment automation)
- MediaWiki: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Continuous_integration
- Gluster:
- Apache Software Foundation:
- The Linux Foundation IT: https://github.com/lfit
Contribute
Do you know about an open source infrastructure for an open source project that you want to see in this list? Let me know! You have several ways of doing so:
- Submit a pull request directly on GitHub
- Email me Elizabeth K. Joseph<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Send me a message on Freenode, I'm pleia2 and I hang out in #openstack-infra
- Tweet at me: (@pleia2)
FAQ
Q: What is the criteria for inclusion on this site?
A: It must be an open source project with an open source infrastructure. Projects that operate a fully open source infrastructure are preferred and may soon be split into a specific section. However, if the project has a partially open source infrastructure that may be valuable to other projects and organizations, that may be added as well.
Q: This is a site about Open Source Infrastructures, but you host the code for this site on GitHub, a proprietary platform. Doesn't that make you feel bad and silly?
A: Yes.


But we are still working on it.
Have any suggestions ?
Contact Us


Grooveshark Song and Lyrics Search
Song and artist name:
Cells (Instrumental) by The Servant on Grooveshark
Cells (Instrumental) by The Servant on Grooveshark


If you are the driver, you scratch or hit your car, you want to know how bad it is? Whether it is worth fixing? As insurance company, you can use the scale to make the contract to set the compensation.
“I already damaged my car for three times, the result given by HowBad cease my panic and gives me a general idea about the condition of my car”


{{#if company}}
About {{company.title}}
- Boilerplate
- {{company.description}}
- More information
- More information on {{company.title}}, our logo & relevant media are available here.
{{/if}}
{{#each presskit.abouts}}
About {{title}}
- Boilerplate
- {{description}}
{{#if link}}
- More information
- More information on {{title}} is available here.
{{/if}}
{{/each}}


#include <stBasicMetricEvaluators.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual stDistance | GetDistance (ObjectType *o1, ObjectType *o2) |
| virtual stDistance | GetDistance2 (ObjectType *o1, ObjectType *o2) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from stMetricEvaluatorStatistics | |
| void | ResetStatistics () |
| stCount | GetDistanceCount () |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from stMetricEvaluatorStatistics | |
| void | UpdateDistanceCount () |
| Protected Attributes inherited from stMetricEvaluatorStatistics | |
| stCount | distCount |
This class implements a generic metric evaluator that calculates the distance between objects using the L0 or LInfinity distance function.
The template parameter ObjectType defines the object type used by this metric evaluator. It was designed to work with instances of stBasicArray objects but any array object that defines the following methods may be used:
Note that to be fully compatible with the metric trees, the desired object must meet the requirements of the stObject interface also.
Documentation.
Tests.
Definition at line 137 of file stBasicMetricEvaluators.h.
|
virtual |
This method calculates the metric distance between 2 objects.
| obj1 | Object 1. |
| obj2 | Object 2. |
Implements stBasicMetricEvaluator< ObjectType >.
Referenced by stBasicLInfinityMetricEvaluator< ObjectType >::GetDistance2().
|
inlinevirtual |
This method calculates the metric distance between 2 objects raised by the power of 2.
| obj1 | Object 1. |
| obj2 | Object 2. |
Implements stBasicMetricEvaluator< ObjectType >.
Definition at line 147 of file stBasicMetricEvaluators.h.
References stBasicLInfinityMetricEvaluator< ObjectType >::GetDistance().


baxter_behaviors Module
Provides baxter specific behaviors to handle GUI callbacks.
All implemented function here are callable from the menu.
Otherwise you have to provide your class to the menu manager.
-
class baxter_behaviors.BaxterBehaviors(baxter)[source]
The baxter behaviors implement useful stuff for the current interface
-
addFramePoint(**kwargs)[source]
Saves the point on the finger tip of the gripper
-
addMainWindow(appendToTask)[source]
Link to main window to write text into the editor window
-
addSceneBox(**kwargs)[source]
Set the current box type to the selected option in the GUI
-
back(**kwargs)[source]
Loads the previous menu
-
btnToggleSonar(**kwargs)[source]
-
changeExecutionState(stop=True)[source]
Sets and unsets the flag to stop all movements
-
computeAndInsertBox(**kwargs)[source]
Computes the transformation for the 2 previously saved points in relation to the base and inserts the selected box type
in the scene. This also includes additional transformations which are related to the box.
Also writes everything to the current open task in case the transformation should be saved.
| Parameters: | side (str) – influences the name of the inserted box and broadcasted tf |
-
executePath(**kwargs)[source]
Executes a saved trajectory.
Note
The parameters below are not the method parameters but the entries in the kwargs
| Parameters: |
- side (str) – arm to execute the trajectory
- looped (bool) – Play infinitely?
- number (int) – Trajectory to be executed
- threaded (bool) – Nonblocking? Threaded?
|
-
goToInit(**kwargs)[source]
Moves both arms to the init position
-
gripperType(**kwargs)[source]
Creates a menu to change the length of the gripper (electric and suction)
| Parameters: | side (str) – gripper side to be changed |
-
hideGUI(**kwargs)[source]
Hides the GUI
| Parameters: | update (bool) – text display enabled? |
-
nothing()[source]
Does nothing. Useful if you just create menu entries with no functionality but text information
-
run(**kwargs)[source]
Creates a menu of all functions in baxter_scenarios.py that start with the name “scenario”
-
saveTeachPath(**kwargs)[source]
Stops the current recording, saves it and return to the previous menu
-
selectArms(**kwargs)[source]
Set both arms to False, when the menu is loaded.
Afterwards it offers a menu to select the arms to be used.
-
selectBoxType(**kwargs)[source]
Creates a menu with all available predefined boxes
-
selectGripper(**kwargs)[source]
Sets the gripper length according to the type of the gripper and the selected length from the previous menu.
| Parameters: | side (str) – gripper side to be changed |
-
setHRLogo(**kwargs)[source]
Displays the HumaRobotics Logo on baxter’s display
-
showCamera(**kwargs)[source]
Opens a hand camera stream and sends it to the display
| Parameters: | side (str) – camera to be opened |
-
showGUI(**kwargs)[source]
Redraws the GUI and selects the first element
-
stopTeachedPath(**kwargs)[source]
Stops a trajectory execution that is called by the teaching interface
-
teach(**kwargs)[source]
Teaches a new trajectory and overwrites the old one
| Parameters: |
- side (str) – arm to be teached
- number (int) – if multiple trajectories are saved the number is added to the name
- parent (str) – parent menu from which this function is called, to be able to return properly
|
-
useArm(**kwargs)[source]
Set the arm that is selected in the GUI to True to be able to be used.


assign_flag_to_scope(flag, GLOBAL_SCOPE)
scope, flags = self._consume_scope()
while scope:
scope_to_flags[scope].extend([]) // Force the scope to appear, even if empty.
for flag in flags:
assign_flag_to_scope(flag, scope)
scope, flags = self._consume_scope()
Returns a SplitArgs tuple.
scope_to_flags = OrderedDict()
def add_scope(s):
// Force the scope to appear, even if empty.
if s not in scope_to_flags:


Search Field
The
input type="search"
is used for search fields (behaves like a regular text field):
Search Google:


AttachmentManager
open class AttachmentManager : NSObject, InputPlugin
Undocumented
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public enum Attachment
-
A protocol that can recieve notifications from the
AttachmentManager
Declaration
Swift
open weak var delegate: AttachmentManagerDelegate?
-
A protocol to passes data to the
AttachmentManager
Declaration
Swift
open weak var dataSource: AttachmentManagerDataSource?
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
open lazy var attachmentView: AttachmentsView { get set }
-
The attachments that the managers holds
Declaration
Swift
private(set) public var attachments: [AttachmentManager.Attachment] { get set }
-
A flag you can use to determine if you want the manager to be always visible
Declaration
Swift
open var isPersistent: Bool { get set }
-
A flag to determine if the AddAttachmentCell is visible
Declaration
Swift
open var showAddAttachmentCell: Bool { get set }
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public override init()
-
Declaration
Swift
open func reloadData()
-
Invalidates the
AttachmentManagers
session by removing all attachmentsDeclaration
Swift
open func invalidate()
-
Appends the object to the attachments
Declaration
Swift
@discardableResult open func handleInput(of object: AnyObject) -> Bool
Parameters
object
The object to append
-
Performs an animated insertion of an attachment at an index
Declaration
Swift
open func insertAttachment(_ attachment: Attachment, at index: Int)
Parameters
index
The index to insert the attachment at
-
Performs an animated removal of an attachment at an index
Declaration
Swift
open func removeAttachment(at index: Int)
Parameters
index
The index to remove the attachment at
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
final public func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, didSelectItemAt indexPath: IndexPath)
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
final public func numberOfItems(inSection section: Int) -> Int
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
final public func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
final public func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
final public func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize


This platform has only been developed for and tested on Chrome and Firefox. In case you are experiencing errors
try using one of those browsers first.
When you press "Open manual" a PDF with an user manual will open in a new tab.
When you press "Contact support" a partially prefilled mail template will open in the mail client of your
choice.
Please make sure to fill out the description and cause of the issue properly and add screenshots if they are of
use.
We will get back to you within one business day.


First Disappointment from ‘Ala Vaikuntapuramlo’
by JhansiThe third single ‘OMG Daddy’ from ‘Ala Vaikuntapuramlo‘ came out, and it’s not as catchy as the previous two songs that came out creating a sensation, immediately.
Unless there are visuals that may bring some funny vibes it’s a bit disappointment from ‘Ala Vaikuntapuramlo’, in fact, its the first disappointment after SS Thaman delivered two catchy and well-written songs aka ‘Samajavaragamana’ and ‘Ramulo Ramula’.
Coming to the song, it’s definitely different from the other two songs. After a class and a mass treat, this third song is a hip hop song by Bigg Boss star Roll Rida. It might look very impressive with the visuals. Anyway, the movie has got enough buzz because of the previous two songs.
Allu Arjun will be coming with this classy mass treat for the upcoming Sankranthi in January 2020. Though this song was a bit disappointing, the other two songs have already made it up for the rest of the album, haven’t they?


In the southernmost part of the Cordillera region lies the province of Benguet. It covers an area of 2,616 square kilometers spread nearly entirely over the Cordillera Central eastward toward the line of peaks and ridges of the Polis Range and southeastward into theCaraballo Mountains. The Major rivers of luzon, the Abra, he Agno, and the Amburayan, have their headwaters in Benguet. The third highest Mountain in the Philippines - Mount Pulag - is in Benguet. The Ibalois have that it is a place where their spirits go to rejoin their ancestors.
Several ethnolinguistic groups people Benguet, namely, the Ibalois, Kankana-eys,Kalanguyas or Ikalahans, Karaos and Iwak/Iowak make up the 330,000 total population of the province.
The Traditional Attires of Benguet
The Benguet wrap-arund skirt devi/divit/eten and the blouse kambal or sa-dey both display broad horizontal bands of different colors, with white, dark blue, and red predominating. The kambal has several layers of plaid at the back, purposely to proytect the user for the edges of the kayabang basket which is carried at the back.
Colors signify the status of the user. Black and white is said to be foer women of ordinary status; while women who belong to wealthy families wear more colorful kambal and eten, like the kambayasho with different color combinations of green and yellow.
The women also wear headbands called pangjet which is usually of the same material as the devit and kambal, and bead necklaces, made of the seeds of abukay,takdian, or kataynan, a reed plant, and bronze bracelets called karing.
The Ordinary G-string of the Ibaloi and Karao is called pinangsas or kulibao/kolebaw kuval/kobal. The head cloth or headdress is either called shenget, pangjet, or binatjek, balangosong, or salibubo. It is used by men and the mambonong or high priest.
The Adivay Festival
The word adivay, a local term meaning "gathering of all indigenous people in celebration and thanksgivimg", became the theme to celebrate Benguet's founding anniversary. It began in 2005 and it is one of the festivals fuly supported by the Department of Tourism, promoting food, dances, songs, culture and the Benguet people themeselves.
Highlighted during the event are agri-industrial activities, farmer interaction, and information exchanges, fashion shows, market encounters, technology forums and tourism activities like kayaking, mountain hiking, and trekking, food discovery challenges, and cook-fests.
The most exciting part of the festival is the showdown among Benguet's 13 municipalities. The finest products from each town, including indigenous artifacts, native delicacies and picturesque sites in miniature models are presented in a country fair..


Responsibility
Efficient
Aggressive
Legneds
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021~未来


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static i18n %} {% block content %}
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Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to form other substances, and how substances interact with energy. Many people think of chemists as being white-coated scientists mixing strange liquids in a laboratory, but the truth is we are all chemists. Doctors, nurses and veterinarians must study chemistry, but understanding basic chemistry concepts is important for almost every profession. Chemistry is part of everything in our lives. Every material in existence is made up of matter — even our own bodies. Chemistry is involved in everything we do, from growing and cooking food to cleaning our homes and bodies to launching a space shuttle. Chemistry is one of the physical sciences that help us to describe and explain our world.
Analytical chemistry uses qualitative and quantitative observation to identify and measure the physical and chemical properties of substances. In a sense, all chemistry is analytical.
Physical chemistry combines chemistry with physics. Physical chemists study how matter and energy interact. Thermodynamics and quantum mechanics are two of the important branches of physical chemistry.
Organic chemistry specifically studies compounds that contain the element carbon. Carbon has many unique properties that allow it to form complex chemical bonds and very large molecules. Organic chemistry is known as the “Chemistry of Life” because all of the molecules that make up living tissue have carbon as part of their makeup.
Inorganic chemistry studies materials such as metals and gases that do not have carbon as part of their makeup.
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change.


The Haven provides a safe residential
community for college students in early
recovery from
substance use disorder.
Our community is inclusive and
integrated into the fabric of each
college culture, reflecting the
uniqueness of the needs, opportunities
and culture of each campus. Overseen
by a Clinical Program Director and
Recovery Coach, the Haven community
is peer-led by college students with a
minimum of one year of recovery,
helping to transform how students,
faculty and administrators on each
university campus think about
addiction, treatment and recovery.
The Haven is at the center of a national
movement to brand recovery as a fun,
healthy and desirable lifestyle.
Bringing recovery out of the shadows
and into the heart of a campus makes
it both more accessible and more
desirable to the students and families
who need help. A recovery program
woven into campus culture means
students can get the help and support
they need without feeling isolated or
separate from their peers. In addition,
recovering students help colleges build
safer and healthier campuses and
improve academic outcomes. The
positive impact of The Haven at a
college extends far beyond The Haven
community.
Nearly 1 out of 5 (18.6%) young adults
aged 18 to 25 is estimated to suffer
from
substance use disorder
(ONDCP, 2012) and college students
are the fastest growing segment
seeking treatment, increasing
+143%
in the past decade compared to the
overall national population
increase of +14%.
While the statistics on addiction,
alcoholism, binge drinking and
alcohol/drug related drop out rates are
bleak, the good news is that the
seriousness of the problem has
inspired a serious response. There has
been a rapid increase in the number of
collegiate recovery programs in the
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and high graduation rates as a result of
these communities. The Haven is at
the forefront, combining a recovery
support program and a sober
residential environment under one
roof.
Addiction (to drugs or alcohol) is
characterized as a chronic illness
requiring ongoing treatment in order
for sustained recovery – the AMA
estimates that there is a >60% relapse
rate in the first year following
treatment discharge if there is a lack
of continuing care. Most college
students who leave school to get
treatment are unable to return to
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school and does not get the recovery
support they need, they are in danger
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The Haven provides a solution to this
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These services center around sober
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The Haven sober living model is based
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students. The program design
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The Haven is supported by the
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Clinical Supervisor: Reviews program
efficacy and client progress in regular
meetings with Program Director and
House Managers
Program Director: Intake and
Assessments, One on One Recovery
Coaching with each student weekly,
supervises staff, University Liaison,
Operations/Activities.
Resident Assistant(s): Students with 1+
year in recovery provides onsite
peer support, conducts testing, runs
meetings, schedules events, and
ensures compliance with house rules.
Being able to provide your students
with a residential recovery option will
not only open up a world of hope and
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can positively impact the college as a
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increased college graduation and
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national rankings) and preventing loss
of revenue as result of lost tuition.
Ultimately, The Haven can mean a
competitive advantage in recruiting
students.
Now is the time to be a leader in the
movement toward recovery-focused
systems and services in alignment with
the National Drug Control Strategy
(NDCS) to foster expansion of
community based recovery support
services and programs on college
campuses. The Haven, with a national
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leverages alumni and national youth
recovery participation to create a
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Together, we will raise awareness,
dispel myths and address barriers that
prevent college students and their
families from getting the help
they need.
We start with a community input and
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unique needs and culture of each
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is followed by design of a tailored
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lammps¶
Calculations¶
-
thermo.lammps.calc.
get_GKTC
(directory='.', T=300, vol=1, dt=None, rate=None, tau=None, heatflux_file='heat_out.heatflux', mat_file='heat_flux.mat')[source]¶ Calculates the thermal conductivity (TC) using the Green-Kubo (GK) formalism. The ‘metal’ units in LAMMPS must be used.
- Args:
- directory (string):
Directory of simulation
- T (float):
Temperature of simulation. Units of K
- vol (float):
Volume of the simulation cell. Units of A^3
- dt (float):
Timestep of the of simulation. Units are fs
- rate (int):
Rate at which the heat flux is sampled in number of timesteps. Default of rate=dt
- tau (int):
max lag time to integrate over. Units of ns and default of tau=total time
- heatflux_file (str):
Heatflux output filename.
- mat_file (str):
MATLAB file to load, if exists, or save to, if does not exist. Default save name of ‘heat_flux.mat’
- Returns:
dict: Dictionary with Green-Kubo thermal conductivity data
¶ key
kx
ky
kz
t
dt
T
V
jxjx
jyjy
jzjz
tot_time
tau
srate
directory
units
Wm-1 K-1
Wm-1 K-1
Wm-1 K-1
ns
fs
K
A3
(eV ps-1 A-2)2
(eV ps-1 A-2)2
(eV ps-1 A-2)2
ns
ns
ns
N/A
-
thermo.lammps.calc.
get_heat_flux
(directory='.', heatflux_file='heat_out.heatflux', mat_file='heat_flux.mat')[source]¶ Gets the heat flux from a LAMMPS EMD simulation. Creates a compressed .mat file if only in text form. Loads .mat form if exists.
- Args:
- directory (str):
Directory of simulation results
- heatflux_file (str):
Filename of heatflux output
- mat_file (str):
MATLAB file to load, if exists, or save to, if does not exist. Default save name of ‘heat_flux.mat’
- Returns:
dict: Dictionary with heat flux data
¶ key
jx
jy
jz
rate
units
eV ps-1 A-2
eV ps-1 A-2
eV ps-1 A-2
timestep
Data Loaders¶
-
thermo.lammps.data.
extract_dt
(log_file)[source]¶ Finds all time steps given in the lammps output log
- Args:
- log_file (str):
LAMMPS log file to examine
- Returns:
list(float): The timesteps found in log_file in units of time
-
thermo.lammps.data.
get_dimensions
(filename, directory=None)[source]¶ Gets the dimensions of a 3D simulation from a LAMMPS trajectory.
- Args:
- filename (str):
LAMMPS trajectory file to extract dimensions from
- directory (str):
The directory the trajectory file is found in
- Returns:
dict: Dictionary with keys given in the table below
¶ key
x
y
z
A
V
xy
xz
yz
units
distance
distance
distance
distance2
distance3
distance
distance
distance
Input/Output¶
-
thermo.lammps.io.
ase_atoms_to_lammps
(atoms, out_file='atoms.data', add_masses=True)[source]¶ Converts ASE atoms to a lammps data file.
- Args:
- atoms (ase.Atoms):
Atoms to write to lammps data file
- out_file (str):
File to save the structure data to
- add_masses (Bool):
Determines if atom masses are written to data file


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Specifies the directionality of text: left-to-right (ltr, the processing default) or right-to-left (rtl). The value lro indicates an override of normal bidi text presentation, forcing the element into left-to-right mode; rlo overrides normal rules to force right-to-left presentation.


In a video which is fast gaining grounds on Instagram, one sees Frederic shedding tears and begging Princess Shyngle not to dump him.
According to him, he never cheated on Princess Shyngle as she claim hence he is confused about Shyngle’s decision to dump him plus all the allegations she attached to the breakup.
It seems Princess Shyngle has already made up her mind as she stumbled on the video and made a lengthy comment beneath it, detailing why she won’t get back to him.
She consequently asked her now ex boyfriend to go ahead and kill himself since she’s not coming back to him.
Watch the video:


{% extends "html/base.html" %} {% load url from future %} {# An example chat window #} {% block head_title %}Chat Client{% endblock %} {% block extra_head %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
This page shows how the basic chat client can be extended: the extra field room description can be updated from the client window and sent as part of the chat client messages. Likewise, updates to the room description elsewhere are piggybacked on to the ajax messages received from the server.
For the basic client, see here.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113489-new-members/topic/Hello.html ---
Hiya, some of you probably know me from mathoverflow. I was curious how things are going in here.
Hey, welcome! Good to see you.
Things are going pretty good here (-;
I'm a complete noob on the whole theorem proving thing, but I feel like it's something worth learning
One of our biggest problems is lack of (wo)man-power
I'd like to eventually work on the library for simplicial sets, but I'm completely worthless at programming
Right. The first thing you need to learn is that you should ask lots of questions here :lol:
You don't need that much programming experience. Coincidentally, I did some stuff on simplicial sets a couple of months ago.
In the mean time, Scott wrote a very very nice category library.
Does it have Grothendieck constructions
I've been meaning to update my stuff, but haven't done so yet.
It only has the basics so far. We are in the process of adding limits and colimits.
If it does, maybe it's already time to introduce the Theta construction that I use in my research
Ah, ok!
For example: we don't have abelian categories yet.
If there's a simplicial library and a category theory library, you might be able to use simplicial objects in Cat to get monoidal categories
No fundamental obstructions. Just that there are only 3 people working on this in their spare time.
via Segal's observation
Also, are Abelian categories really that fundamental for theorem proving?
Practice seems to show that theorem provers need a delicate balance between hands-on constructions and big theoretical hammers.
Not for theorem proving, but they are for applying theorem provers to (some, eg my) mathematical research.
mhm, do you know where I can get bootstrapped with experience to start contributing?
First you need to install a Lean environment.
What editor do you use to type LaTeX and the likes?
vscode
Great!
There is a Lean extension for VScode
Is the Windows lean environment crippled?
Install it, and open an empty Lean file. It will then ask if you want it to install Lean for you.
oh, that's neat!
I think it was fixed. I am not sure. I haven't touched Windows in 10 years.
If you like textbooks I would recommend Theorem Proving in Lean
Maybe it is about to be fixed.
If it's not working, I have the Win10 Linux emulator installed
that's why I'm asking
Lean on Windows works great
@Harry Gindi here is my (controversal) instructions on how to get Lean on windows
There are some issues with setting $PATH correctly. However, if you are the kind of person to have WSL installed, I'm sure you'll be able to fix it
Thanks!
oh wait, you said you're working in Linux, never mind then
Both work, Kenny. WSL is slow though
Disk I/O is extremely bad
then again, so is mingw64 =D
what do you mean?
iirc disk i/o on cygwin and msys is benchmarked just as slow as WSL
it's the main reason why things are so slow.
I was really active on the WSL github for like two years, and performance is on-par with linux now except for disk i/o
@Harry Gindi Once you have Lean installed, you will want to fork https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/
Then you need to run leanpkg build
in that directory. After that, get yourself some tea. Your computer will be warming your room for about an hour.
but I also used msys2 before, and it was even slower
then what's the best one?
Kenny Lau, meh, nothing's great. The best thing you could do probably is run a VM
if you're concerned about performance
Thanks Johan!
I compile Lean with MSYS2, disk i/o is far from the limiting factor when it comes to performance
and you need to rewarm your room for an hour every time you update mathlib, isn't Lean wonderful!
Andrew Ashworth, then maybe performance on WSL is better than msys2 on everything but disk I/O
@Harry Gindi ping
hello!
Harry Gindi, not ping
I'm aware, I'm just using the web UI
is it now?
Looks like it does
ah, I was aware of that. I think you can compile Lean with visual studio and get a totally native binary, if i recall correctly
i've never investigated it though, so ymmv
blech, I have an arch installation on this pc
disk access is not an issue at 20% or 100% anyway
but every time I decide to jump into linux, I get sidetracked
I end up staying up all night messing around with it, it's unhealthy for me
Don't use that arch thing.
oh, it's bad?
or are you saying don't use arch in general :D
The VScode Lean extension is better. It sets up a useful wrapper called elan
.
No, I run arch as OS :lol: So that's fine.
the arch thing is just a lean system, I thought
anyway gonna work on this tomorrow morning
cheers all
@Kenny Lau I think https://github.com/leanprover/mathlib/blob/master/docs/elan.md is a better place to direct computer-savvy Windows users to than your link
fair
Yes --- please, please, everyone should now be using elan, no messing around with $PATH, no installing complicated things like msys2 or WSL, just go with the bare minimum provided by "git bash" and its installer, then work entirely inside VS Code.
@Harry Gindi ^^ that
Also, welcome @Harry Gindi. :-)
Got it, thanks!
Also hello, Kevin and Scott, it's been a while since I saw you on MO
Here is a roadmap to getting started. First read through all of Theorem Proving In Lean and do all the exercises. Then choose a project to work on, and work on it.
The projects I chose were: (1) do all the exercises in the undergraduate class I was teaching at the time and then (2) define schemes and prove that an affine scheme is a scheme.
Do not underestimate how difficult all of this is at this point.
It seems like it'll be really annoying, don't worry =)
I think maybe a good project to work on would be weak factorization systems once I learn stuff
Working with isomorphisms is difficult. Working with categories is even more difficult, for several reasons -- some associated with dependent type theory (it is difficult to transport structure along isomorphisms at this point, although things will change one day), some associated with universe issues (mathematicians being sloppy about universes, basically) and other things too
But there is no better recommendation than "start on something and whenever you get stuck, ask here"
The first thing you will probably have to ask is a question of the form "here's a link to a pdf, I want to make definition 2.3 of that paper in Lean, where do I even start?". There will be an answer.
WFS would be useful if anyone wants to go full bore and do model categories, and it can be done with monads for algebraic weak factorization systems
I'm guessing that monads work well?
Listen, honestly, categories are really like jumping in at the deep end
ah
groups work well
but it is not impossible, and you have to jump in somewhere
I mean, my research is in category theory
but I'll see how hard it is
well, when I arrived here a year ago people were already talking about formalising categories, and one year later they still haven't managed to do adjoint functors.
This is basically for two reasons: (1) universes make this harder than you think and (2) lack of manpower or personpower or whatever it should be called nowadays
I would have assumed that monads might be easier than adjunctions, but maybe this is a mistake
I'm also exaggerating a little. But dependent type theory is perhaps not set up with category theory in mind
On the other hand, "difficult" is certainly not the same as "impossible"
Do presheaves of sets make sense?
and there is no actual obstruction to doing adjoints and a whole bunch more. It's just that people really like (a) working in the maximal generality and (b) writing automation as they go
they call them presheaves of types here
but I defined these in a hands-on way when doing schemes, no problem
Neat, I'll have to look at what you've done already before I try to jump in
I did not use the category theory machinery though, I just wrote down the axioms for a functor in that specific case rather than relying on a general theory (which at that time was not there anyway)
My code sucks though
because it was the code I wrote to learn how to do mathematics in dependent type theory
I am currently refactoring all of it with an MSc student
so when you defined schemes, did you follow e.g. Toën?
working with functors of points the whole way?
or is that exactly the kind of non-kosher thing that implicitly uses universes
I followed the stacks project
https://github.com/kbuzzard/lean-stacks-project/blob/master/src/tag009I.lean
there's presheaves of types on a basis of open sets of a top space
But nowadays we would not write it like that
we'd use the category theory machinery, which seems to be just about ready to do that sort of thing.
As of about last week
neat!
I heard that some simplicial set machinery was developed up-thread
was this done entirely without model structures using e.g. Ex^∞?
In that code I linked to, I am literally saying that a presheaf of types is a function F which takes a basis element to a type, plus a restriction F(U)->F(V), plus the axioms that res from U to U is id and res of res is res. So I am avoiding explicit usage of any category theory formalism.
You'll have to ask @Johan Commelin where he put his simplicial set stuff. That was also written before categories were available, I believe.
mhm
alright let's not but the cart before the horse, I've gotta do the exercises and stuff
cheers, this seems exciting
it's the future
but I might have died before it becomes really important
I have no idea of the time frame before it becomes (a) useful (b) powerful (c) better than us
ascended to robothood
but currently we are still a long way from (a)
"proof assistants" currently do nothing but make mathematician's lives harder, for the most part.
like any assistant they must be trained =p
otherwise all they do is spill coffee on you
right. And my view (and I do say this firmly with my tongue in my cheek and slightly provocatively, but there is a grain of truth in it) is that currently the main problem is that for the most part they are being trained to do mathematics by computer scientists, which is in my opinion not driving development in the right directions.
I'm going to try to get my friend in the US involved on this
There are a few mathematicians here who are trying to change all this, mostly by saying things such as "mathematicians will not be able to use your software unless you make stuff like (x+y)^3=x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3 easy to do"
he did a math undergrad and he's doing a CS Ph.D., but he hates CS
this might be a nice change of pace for him
https://xenaproject.wordpress.com/2018/06/13/ab3/
is anyone doing analysis-related stuff?
Yes, but it's happening very slowly
because he always liked analysis
alright, I'll try to cajole him into helping =)
and in my opinion there is a problem with the development plan we have
In fact Harry to be honest basic freshman one variable analysis would be a perfect project to learn Lean with
because the maths is basically very well known and well understood, and putting it into a theorem prover would be a formidable challenge for a beginner, however there would be plenty of people around to help
The problem is that the general position here is "do everything in the correct generality" which means "the maximal generality"
break out a copy of Bourbaki's 'analysis in one real variable' haha
so instead of developing a basic theory of analysis of functions of one real variable, everyone wants to do stuff on normed spaces and Banach spaces etc etc and then prove all the single-variable theorems in one fell swoop by specialising to this case
Is that even possible?
In my mind a good analogy here is what happened with polynomials
A computer scientist developed a fabulous library of polynomials in an arbitrary number of variables (in fact for an arbitrary set of variables)
but when mathematicians wanted to actually use it to prove basic stuff like quadratic reciprocity or finite fields or whatever
For example, defining C^\infty functions requires you do have partial derivatives, which come from the 1-dimensional case, if I remember correctly (I haven't done analysis in around 8 years =\)
they found they really just wanted a much deeper theory of polynomials in one variable
so at the end of the day an undergraduate here at Imperial, Chris Hughes, just wrote the theory of polynomials in one variable anyway.
And I kind of suspect that the same might happen for differentiable functions.
Eventually we'll have them on Banach manifolds or something
oh, you're saying that you agree that the 1-variable case is separate and important
but then when someone wants to prove that the derivative of sin is cos (which we do not have at this point)
they will not want to work on a Banach manifold
it's not even meaningful on a banach manifold
the derivative of a map of manifolds is a map on tangent bundles
I know, I'm just saying that if you write general functions which work in some big generality then you will just end up constantly having to tell these functions to specialise to the case of the real numbers
sure, yes
the derivative of a map of manifolds is a map on tangent bundles
right, and you'll then have to identify the tangent space of the reals with the reals etc
What I am saying is that in my opinion there is a need for a theory of functions in one real variable
and that identification is not obvious without additional structure
I believe that there is a little about functions in one complex variable, somewhere in the modular forms work
I get ya!
I fully agree with this
there's almost always a distinguished most important 1-dimensional case of whatever
imagine if people tried to write the categories library starting with 2-categories
It's also why e.g. Lawvere's ETCC was dead on arrival
anyway, I'm going to give some of this a shot tomorrow morning
cheers!
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


WHEN WE WERE KINGS A film review by Ben Hoffman Copyright 1997 Ben Hoffman
If ever a film deserved the commendation of "It packs a powerful punch," this documentary about the great heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali (nee Cassius Clay) is it. This is one great film. Well-told, dramatic, exciting and with wonderful picturesque descriptions by such knowledgeable celebrities as Spike Lee, George Plimpton.and especially. Norman Mailer. Mailer's description of what is going on in the ring is a classic and should be carved in stone.
Except peripherally, the film does not cover much of Ali's early life; the focus here being the "Rumble In The Jungle" of Africa in 1974 when Ali, believed to be over the hill at age 32, had signed to fight the most formidable fighter of his day, George ForEman. The two had been brought together in Africa to let the black Africans see their heroes in action and Ali gave them that and more amid shouts of "ALI! ALI!"
Having lived through the years when Ali was in his prime, I should have known more about him . . . but did not. I had seen him on TV talk shows but this film was a revelation for me. It made me check out more about his life, learning that when he refused to register for our ill-conceived (to say the least) Viet Nam War, he gave as his reason "No Vietnamese ever called me "nigger.'" That really tells it all. That really shows the strength in the man. For standing up tall, his title was taken away.
Ali was handsome, had a boyish smile, had wit and charm . . . all revealed in the film. His battle with Forman, why it was fought, what others thought about his taking on the champ, are all brilliantly shown.  This one is a must-see! You've heard of "edge of the seat movies?" This one will pull the seat right out from under you. Go, man, go!
Directed by Leon Cast
4 BIG Bytes
4 Bytes = Superb 3 Bytes = Too good to miss 2 Bytes = Average 1 Byte = Save your money
Ben Hoffman
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You cannot do much here besides playing all by yourself and your funny imaginary friends.


Used to zoom and pan the current coordinate.
<vj-otg-zoom factor="[number]" position="[vector2]">
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
factor |
number | how far to zoom in, 1.0 is normal, 0.5 is zoomed out 2.0 is zoomed in. |
position |
vector2 | The place to zoom on, 0.5 0.5 is the center. |
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What is Fake News?
Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. It often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity, or making money through advertising revenue. However, the term does not have a fixed definition, and has been applied more broadly to include any type of false information, including unintentional and unconscious mechanisms, and also by high-profile individuals to apply to any news unfavourable to his/her personal perspectives.
What can people do against Fake News?
Multiple strategies for fighting fake news are currently being actively researched, and need to be tailored to individual types of fake news. Effective self-regulation and legally-enforced regulation of social media and web search engines are needed. The information space needs to be flooded with accurate news to displace fake news. Individuals need to actively confront false narratives when spotted, as well as take care when sharing information via social media. However, reason, the scientific method and critical thinking skills alone are insufficient to counter the broad scope of bad ideas.  Inoculation theory shows promise in designing techniques to make individuals resistant to the lure of fake news, in the same way that a vaccine protects against infectious diseases.
Internet companies with threatened credibility have developed new responses to limit fake news and reduce financial incentives for its proliferation.
When did the amount of fake news increase? And why?
Once common in print, the prevalence of fake news has increased with the rise of social media, especially the Facebook News Feed. Political polarization, post-truth politics, confirmation bias, and social media algorithms have been implicated in the spread of fake news. It is sometimes generated and propagated by hostile foreign actors, particularly during elections. The use of anonymously-hosted fake news websites has made it difficult to prosecute sources of fake news for libel. In some definitions, fake news includes satirical articles misinterpreted as genuine, and articles that employ sensationalist or clickbait headlines that are not supported in the text.
The Term "Fake News"
The term "fake news" gained importance with the electoral context in Western Europe and North America. It is determined by fraudulent content in news format and its velocity. According to Bounegru, Gray, Venturini and Mauri, fake news is when a deliberate lie "is picked up by dozens of other blogs, retransmitted by hundreds of websites, cross-posted over thousands of social media accounts and read by hundreds of thousands" that it then effectively becomes "fake news".
The evolving nature of online business models encourages the production of information that is "click-worthy" and independent of its accuracy.
The nature of trust depends on the assumptions that non-institutional forms of communication are freer from power and more able to report information that mainstream media are perceived as unable or unwilling to reveal. Declines in confidence in much traditional media and expert knowledge have created fertile grounds for alternative, and often obscure sources of information to appear as authoritative and credible. This ultimately leaves users confused about basic facts.
Popularity of Fake News vs Real News
Fake news can reduce the impact of real news by competing with it; a Buzzfeed analysis found that the top fake news stories about the 2016 U.S. presidential election received more engagement on Facebook than top stories from major media outlets. It also has the potential to undermine trust in serious media coverage. The term has at times been used to cast doubt upon legitimate news, and former U.S. president Donald Trump has been credited with popularizing the term by using it to describe any negative press coverage of himself. It has been increasingly criticized, due in part to Trump's misuse, with the British government deciding to avoid the term, as it is "poorly-defined" and "conflates a variety of false information, from genuine error through to foreign interference".
Fake News in the Ancient times
- In the 13th century BC, Rameses the Great spread lies and propaganda portraying the Battle of Kadesh as a stunning victory for the Egyptians; he depicted scenes of himself smiting his foes during the battle on the walls of nearly all his temples. The treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites, however, reveals that the battle was actually a stalemate.
- During the first century BC, Octavian ran a campaign of misinformation against his rival Mark Antony, portraying him as a drunkard, a womanizer, and a mere puppet of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII. He published a document purporting to be Mark Antony's will, which claimed that Mark Antony, upon his death, wished to be entombed in the mausoleum of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. Although the document may have been forged, it invoked outrage from the Roman populace. Mark Antony ultimately killed himself after his defeat in the Battle of Actium upon hearing false rumors propagated by Cleopatra herself claiming that she had committed suicide.
- During the second and third centuries AD, false rumors were spread about Christians claiming that they engaged in ritual cannibalism and incest. In the late third century AD, the Christian apologist Lactantius invented and exaggerated stories about pagans engaging in acts of immorality and cruelty, while the anti-Christian writer Porphyry invented similar stories about Christians.