Employment History
Recommendation, 2007 April 15
Editors:
Kim Bartkus, HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Contributors:
Chuck Allen, HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Kim Bartkus, HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Members of the Recruiting & Staffing workgroup
Members of the Screening workgroup
Copyright © 2007 HR-XML Consortium, Inc.
Abstract
This document describes the employment history schema, including a few examples of how it might be used.
Table of Contents
4 Appendix A - Document Version History
5 Appendix B – Related Documents
6 Appendix C – Reference Examples
This specification provides a method to exchange historical employment information between trading partners. The schema is not intended to be stand-alone, rather it should be included within other HR-XML schemas. The historical employment information may be used for a wide-range of Human Resource business processes. Therefore, it is considered a cross-process object.
The following enhancements were made to allow for exchanging more complete resume information.
§ JobLevelInfo, Competency, and JobCategory added to Position History.
§ Contact Method changed to allow multiple occurrences within the employer organization and verification contact information. This allows more than one contact phone number or other pertinent contact information.
The objective of this specification is to create a flexible employment history schema. This version will be backwards compatible with both the Resume 2.0 and BackgroundCheck 1.0. It will also allow for the flexibility required for new development.
Design requirements include:
· Syntax MUST be self-documenting
· Schema MUST be easy to understand and use
· Schema MUST use approved CPO standards
· Designed for easy reuse
· Backwards compatible with the components used in Resume 2.0 and BackgroundCheck 1.0
This schema may be used in a wide-range of Human Resource business processes. The following are only two examples that might use the EmploymentHistory schema.
An individual seeking a job may provide employment experience information pertinent to a job. For example, an individual that processed payroll runs during their prior employment could use that experience to apply for a payroll clerk job. This employment history is typically provided on a resume or CV. The HR-XML Resume 2.0 schema includes employment history information.
Often, an employer will request information on a potential employee during the hiring process. This request may include information about work history. This might be used to verify data entered on a resume or job application. For example, an applicant might claim he worked as a Procurement Officer. The screening company may request verification of this claim by using the EmploymentHistory schema in a data exchange between the screening company and a previous employer or to provide feedback to the potential employer. The HR-XML BackgroundCheck 1.0 schema includes employment history information.
|
Elements and Attributes [Global types listed alphabetically in following table.] |
ContentModel* |
Definition |
|
/ |
- EmploymentHistoryType - (1/1) |
A container for previous positions a person held. |
|
/
EmploymentHistory/ |
- EmployerOrgType - S (1/*) |
Container for information about the entity that paid or pays the person, or carried/carries the legal liability for the person while the work is performed. |
|
/
EmploymentHistory/ EmployerOrg/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/1) |
The name of the entity that paid or pays the person, or carried/carries the legal liability for the person while the work is performed. |
|
/
EmploymentHistory/ EmployerOrg/ |
- EmpContactInfoType - S (0/1) |
The primary contact information for the EmployerOrg as it relates to the employment verification of the HumanResource. |
|
/
EmploymentHistory/ EmployerOrg/ |
xsd:extension base: PositionHistoryType |
A single position that the person previously held or currently holds. A position is a coherent collection of duties under a single engagement. A change in employer or position organization usually marks the start of a new position. |
|
Global types |
ContentModel* (minOccurs/maxOccurs) |
Definition |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: recruiter, HRRep, directSupervisor |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: contactTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
contactType
- ContactTypeStringExtensionType - |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[EmpContactInfoType] / |
- ContactTypeStringExtensionType - |
The role of the contact as it relates to the organization. |
|
/
[EmpContactInfoType]/ |
- ContactMethodType - S (0/1) |
Defines the methods of contacting a person or organizations. |
|
/
[EmpContactInfoType]/ |
- EmploymentLocationSummaryType - S (0/1) |
Information on where the entity is located. This information may include a municipality, region, country and postal code. |
|
/
[EmpContactInfoType]/ |
- InternetDomainNameType - S (0/*) |
This is a domain name intended as a practical identifier for the organization. When used in OrganizationType, it designates a domain typically used for web and e-mail. It is not intended as a web address (URL). |
|
/ |
employerOrgType - EmpOrgTypeStringExtensionType - |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[EmployerOrgType] / |
- EmpOrgTypeStringExtensionType - |
The type of relationship the EmployerOrg has/had to the HumanResource (Sole employer, Agent, Broker, etc.) |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: soleEmployer, agent, broker, self |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
EmployerOrg - EmployerOrgType - S (1/*) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ Type] |
Municipality
- xsd:string - S
(0/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[EmploymentLocationSummaryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
Represents the city, town, village, or hamlet. |
|
/
[EmploymentLocationSummaryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/*) |
Represents the State, Province, and/or County. |
|
/
[EmploymentLocationSummaryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
Codes established by postal authorities for purposes of sorting and delivering mail. See PostalAddress Recommendation. |
|
/ PairType] |
Question
- xsd:string - S
(1/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[EmploymentQuestionAnswerPairType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/1) |
A question in a question/answer pair |
|
/
[EmploymentQuestionAnswerPairType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
An answer in a question/answer pair. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: employerOrgTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, semi-monthly, biweekly, fortnightly |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: intervalTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:integer |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: department, group, team, branch, company, subsidiary, unit, headquarters |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ Type] |
- [Union]: organizationTypes,xsd:string |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
StartingCompensation
- xsd:string - S
(0/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
Amount the Human Resource was compensated as of the PositionStartDate. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ StartingCompensation/ |
- CurrencyCodeType - |
A three-letter code identifying the currency of a monetary amount. Currency is represented in accordance with ISO 4217. This may be at an individual or group level. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ StartingCompensation/ |
- IntervalTypeStringExtensionType - |
Describes the time interval on which the compensation is based. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ StartingCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date the event begins, is active or valid. |
|
/ [PositionCompensationType]/
StartingCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date through which the event is active. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
Amount the person was compensated as of the position end date. |
|
/ [PositionCompensationType]/
EndingCompensation/ |
- CurrencyCodeType - |
A three-letter code identifying the currency of a monetary amount. Currency is represented in accordance with ISO 4217. This may be at an individual or group level. |
|
/ [PositionCompensationType]/
EndingCompensation/ |
- IntervalTypeStringExtensionType - |
Describes the time interval on which the compensation is based. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ EndingCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date the event begins, is active or valid. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ EndingCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date through which the event is active. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
Describes the contextual information relating to a group of elements. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
Additional information relating to the compensation. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ OtherCompensation/ |
- xsd:string - |
Further defines the associated element in the context provided. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ OtherCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date the event begins, is active or valid. |
|
/
[PositionCompensationType]/ OtherCompensation/ |
- AnyDateTimeNaType - |
The date through which the event is active. |
|
/ |
positionType
- PositionTypexStringPatternExtensionType - |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType] / |
- PositionTypexStringPatternExtensionType - |
The type of arrangement under which the position is/was undertaken. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType] / |
- xsd:boolean - |
Indicates if the position is for the current employer. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
The name or title within a given context. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- PositionOrgNameType - S (1/1) |
The name of the organization for which the HumanResource performs work. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- PositionOrgInfoType - S (0/*) |
Contains information about the position's organization. |
|
/ [PositionHistoryType]/
OrgInfo/ |
- PostalAddressType - S (0/1) |
Information about the location of the position organization. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ OrgInfo/ |
- InternetWebAddressType - S (0/1) |
Contains a URL for the position organization's website. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ OrgInfo/ |
- EmploymentLocationSummaryType - S (0/1) |
Information on where the entity is located. This information may include a municipality, region, country and postal code. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- PositionOrgIndustryType - S (0/*) |
The type of industry to which the position organization belongs. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
The number of employees of the position organization. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/1) |
Describes the contextual information relating to a specific element. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- FlexibleDatesType - S (1/1) |
Contains the (inclusive) date, period, or interval the event becomes active or begins. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- FlexibleDatesType - S (0/1) |
Contains the (inclusive) date, period, or interval the event becomes inactive or ends. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- PositionCompensationType - S (0/1) |
Container for information regarding compensation for a position. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- VerificationType - S (0/1) |
Container for information allowing verification of previous employment in a specific position. In the case where the employer organization is different from the position organization, only employer organization contact information should be used. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- JobLevelInfoType - S (0/*) |
Defines a level associated with a position. |
|
/
[PositionHistoryType]/ |
- OccupationalCategoryType - S (0/*) |
A grouping of jobs under one or more classification schemes that is meaningful to an organization. |
|
/ |
primaryIndicator - xsd:boolean - required |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[PositionOrgIndustryType] / |
- xsd:boolean - |
If there is more than one instance of the associated element, this attribute identifies which one is primary within the transaction. |
|
/
[PositionOrgIndustryType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
A description that specifies the type of industry to which the position organization belongs. |
|
/ [PositionOrgIndustryType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
A code that specifies the type of industry to which the entity belongs. |
|
/
[PositionOrgIndustryType]/ IndustryCode/ |
- xsd:string - |
The name of the agency or organization that issued the classification code. |
|
/ |
PositionLocation
- PostalAddressType - S (0/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[PositionOrgInfoType]/ |
- PostalAddressType - S (0/1) |
Information about the location of the position organization. |
|
/ [PositionOrgInfoType]/ |
- InternetWebAddressType - S (0/1) |
Contains a URL for the position organization's website. |
|
/
[PositionOrgInfoType]/ |
- EmploymentLocationSummaryType - S (0/1) |
Information on where the entity is located. This information may include a municipality, region, country and postal code. |
|
/ |
organizationType - OrganizationTypeStringExtensionType - optional |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[PositionOrgNameType] / |
- OrganizationTypeStringExtensionType - |
The type of organizational unit. |
|
/ [PositionOrgNameType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (1/1) |
The name by which an organization or enterprise is known as established under the laws of a country, state, province or ruling governmental body for the purpose of conducting business transactions. |
|
/
[PositionOrgNameType]/ |
- PositionOrgNameType - S (0/1) |
The name of the organization for which the HumanResource performs work. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: directHire, contract, temp, contractToHire, tempToHire, volunteer, internship |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ ExtensionType] |
- [Union]: positionTypes,xStringPatternExtensionType |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
NumericValue
- xsd:double - C
(1/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:double |
The content of NumericValue is a rating value. The minValue, maxValue, and name/description attributes of NumericValue provide information about the rating scale that is being used, so that the rating value can be interpreted. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ NumericValue/ |
- xsd:double - |
The minimum value of the rating scale. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ NumericValue/ |
- xsd:double - |
The maximum value of the rating scale. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ NumericValue/ |
- xsd:string - |
This optional attribute is available to provide additional information. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ |
xsd:extension base: xsd:string |
The content of StringValue is a rating value. The minValue, maxValue, and name/description attributes of StringValue provide information about the rating scale that is being used, so that the rating value can be interpreted. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ StringValue/ |
- xsd:string - |
The minimum value of the rating scale. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ StringValue/ |
- xsd:string - |
The maximum value of the rating scale. |
|
/
[RatingType]/ StringValue/ |
- xsd:string - |
This optional attribute is available to provide additional information. |
|
/ |
- [Union]: StringRatingTypes,xStringPatternExtensionType |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
xsd:restriction base: xsd:string [Enumerations]: poor, good, excellent |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/ |
ContactInfo
- [complexType] - S
(1/1) |
Globally scoped data type. See element or attribute declaration for definition. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
PersonName
- [see include/import] - S (1/1) |
Contains information to contact a person or entity. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- xsd:string - S (0/1) |
The reason a person left a prior position. For example. Death, Disability, Retirement. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
The person agrees/does not agree that the organization may be contacted to verify performance or other position-related details. . |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
An indicator whether to verify that the applicant was employed at the specified employer. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- xsd:boolean - S (0/1) |
A boolean value to indicate if the person is eligible for rehire. A value of False would indicate that the person would not be considered for rehire. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- RatingType - S (0/1) |
A rating of the person's on-the-job attendance. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- RatingType - S (0/1) |
An overall performance rating. The rating may be numeric or a string value from a set of enumerations. |
|
/
[VerificationType]/ |
- EmploymentQuestionAnswerPairType - S (0/*) |
Results of a specific question. |
|
Date |
Description |
|
2003-Feb-26 |
Approved recommendation by HR-XML Consortium. The default and targetNamespaces of all HR-XML schemas have been standardized. This recommendation is available as part of the HR-XML 2_0 architecture. |
|
2003-June-13 |
Added JobGrade for resume information. Also changed ContactMethod to multiple occurrences for EmployerContactInfo and Verification Contact Info. |
|
2003-July-28 |
Changed structure for JobGrade. Added Competencies and JobLevel to PositionHistory. All changes based on membership review/feedback. |
|
2006-Feb-28 |
Approved by Consortium |
|
2007-Apr-15 |
Approved by Consortium |
|
Reference |
Link |
|
Entity Identifiers |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/EntityIdentifiers.html |
|
Date/Time data types |
http://ns.hr-xml.org/2_5/HR-XML-2_5/CPO/DateTimeDataTypes.html |
|
Contact Method |
|
|
Person Name |
|
|
PostalAddress |
This example shows how employment information may be used within the HR-XML Resume. This is not a complete XML document.
<Resume>
<StructuredXMLResume>
<ContactInfo>
<PersonName>
<FormattedName>John Doe</FormattedName>
</PersonName>
<ContactMethod>
<Telephone>
<FormattedNumber>123-456-7890</FormattedNumber>
</Telephone>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><PostalAddress>
<CountryCode>US</CountryCode>
<Region>MA</Region>
<Municipality>Brooklyn</Municipality>
<DeliveryAddress>
<AddressLine>27 </AddressLine>
<StreetName>Pine Street</StreetName>
</DeliveryAddress>
</PostalAddress>
</ContactMethod>
</ContactInfo>
<Objective> To obtain a leadership position in the field of Electronic Commerce</Objective>
<EmploymentHistory>
<EmployerOrg employerOrgType="soleEmployer">
<EmployerOrgName>General Electric</EmployerOrgName>
<PositionHistory positionType="directHire">
<Title>E-Business Program Manager - Business to Business integration (B2Bi) Program</Title>
<OrgName>
<OrganizationName>Aircraft Engines (GEAE)</OrganizationName>
</OrgName>
<Description>Key Player in the GE growth initiative bringing IT leadership into our acquisition/ JV strategy. Ensured fundamental IT capabilities were present in acquisition targets in order to maintain a competitive advantage and ensure future growth. Led cross-functional team on due diligence, and negotiations activity for $100M+ acquisitions. Led several new market opportunity assessments and Instrumental in acquisition strategy development including negotiation of partnership structures and negotiating potential new market opportunities.</Description>
<StartDate>
<AnyDate>2002-02-01</AnyDate>
</StartDate>
</PositionHistory>
<PositionHistory positionType="directHire">
<Title>E-Business Program Manager - Business to Business integration (B2Bi) Program</Title>
<OrgName>
<OrganizationName>Aircraft Engines (GEAE)</OrganizationName>
</OrgName>
<Description>Supply Chain and Customer Integration- Led B2Bi initiative and interface that enabled us to exchange business critical information while leveraging XML and the Internet within a secure communication framework. Key Member of GE Aircraft Engines E-Business Leadership Team Led Strategy, Development, and Execution for $4.1 million $ B2BI program Reducing operational business costs through digitization. Customer Facing Role- Personally managed and Created Customer Relationships as well as Led B2Bi Installations.
Led cross-functional team that led to industry XML standards adoption. Used Six Sigma methodology to drive continuous improvement and cycle time and cost reductions.
Web Site was eWeeks 2000 First Place award winner in the B2B E-Commerce Category.</Description>
<StartDate>
<AnyDate>1998-10-01</AnyDate>
</StartDate>
<EndDate>
<AnyDate>2002-02-01</AnyDate>
</EndDate>
</PositionHistory>
</EmployerOrg>
</EmploymentHistory>
</StructuredXMLResume>
</Resume>
This example shows how employment information may be used within the HR-XML Background Check schema. This is not a complete XML document.
<Screening type="employment">
<ReferenceId>
<IdValue>6UH</IdValue>
</ReferenceId>
<CountryCode>US</CountryCode>
<Region>IL</Region>
<SearchEmployment type="prior">
<EmploymentHistory>
<EmployerOrg employerOrgType="soleEmployer">
<EmployerOrgName>Sally's Contact Company</EmployerOrgName>
<PositionHistory positionType="directHire">
<Title>Supervisor</Title>
<OrgName>
<OrganizationName>Sally's Contact Company</OrganizationName>
</OrgName>
<Description></Description>
<StartDate>
<AnyDate>1993-03-01</AnyDate>
</StartDate>
<EndDate>
<AnyDate>1996-03-01</AnyDate>
</EndDate>
<Compensation>
<EndingCompensation intervalType="yearly" currency="USD">38K</EndingCompensation>
</Compensation>
<Verification>
<ContactInfo>
<PersonName>
<FormattedName type="presentation">Sally's Contact Name</FormattedName> </PersonName>
<ContactMethod>
<Location>office</Location>
<Telephone>
<FormattedNumber>555-555-5555</FormattedNumber>
</Telephone>
<PostalAddress type="undefined">
<CountryCode>US</CountryCode>
<PostalCode>60434</PostalCode>
<Region>IL</Region>
<Municipality>Joliet</Municipality>
<DeliveryAddress>
<AddressLine>PO Box 789</AddressLine>
</DeliveryAddress>
</PostalAddress>
</ContactMethod>
</ContactInfo>
<ReasonForLeaving>None</ReasonForLeaving>
<PermissionToContact>true</PermissionToContact>
<VerifyEmployment>false</VerifyEmployment>
<EligibleForRehire>false</EligibleForRehire>
<AttendanceRating>
<NumericValue>8</NumericValue>
</AttendanceRating>
<OverallPerformanceRating>
<NumericValue>9</NumericValue>
</OverallPerformanceRating>
<QuestionAnswerPair>
<Question>Have you ever received any reprimands?</Question>
<Answer>Yes</Answer>
</QuestionAnswerPair>
<QuestionAnswerPair>
<Question> What was the nature of the reprimands?</Question>
<Answer>The 1st occurrance,I vandalized the bosses car. The 2nd time was for trashing his office.</Answer>
</QuestionAnswerPair>
</Verification>
</PositionHistory>
</EmployerOrg>
</EmploymentHistory>
</SearchEmployment>
</Screening>


--- date: "2007-10-31T00:00:00Z" meta: _edit_last: "2" published: true status: publish categories: - Programming tags: - .NET title: Why I Love NHibernate type: post ---
Why I love NHibernate:
I am rather please by the fact that a database schema change involving the creation of six new tables, three one-to-many relationships, and a many-to-many relationship (which includes a sort order on the join table) can be taken care of inside of seven easy hours. It probably would/could have been less, but I crafted the HBM and class files by hand and had a few typos which hide themselves well. This also included the time it took to create some quick integration tests to ensure that CRUD is working.
Now, of course, there are other changes to the domain that need to be done to deal with these new tables, but NHibernate frees me from paying a significant "database tax".


Our Mission
A Smarter, Safer, Connected WorldWe are set out to make our customer's lives more simple and secure by offering unprecedented visibility and control over their doors and facilities. Our solutions are designed to efficiently manage door access control, video surveillance, sensors, lighting, climate, & any IoT device with artificial intelligence & automation all from one place.
Our Mission
A Smarter, Safer, Connected WorldWe are set out to make our customer's lives more simple and secure by offering unprecedented visibility and control over their doors and facilities. Our solutions are designed to efficiently manage door access control, video surveillance, sensors, lighting, climate, & any IoT device with artificial intelligence & automation all from one place.


Cassidy Jensen
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This chapter documents some of the changes required in converting an old application from Gtk 2 to Gtk 3. Supposedly a straightforward task . I still had to spend many hours converting one application. This chapter is not a complete guide to such conversions, but just augments other guides with some issues I had to resolve.
In Gtk 2, you could open a file or pipe using low-level
Unix calls, and then call gdk_input_add
to invoke a callback when I/O was ready on the
file/pipe descriptor.
This changed in Gtk 3 with the introduction in GLib of Glib IO channels. There is an exmple of using them as Using GIOChannel by Nokia, which shows how to read and write across a Glib IO channel.
A xhannel is created from a Unix file or pipe
decriptor using g_io_channel_unix_new
.
It can be written to using a variety of calls such as
g_io_channel_write_chars
.
It can be read from using calls such as
g_io_channel_read_chars
.
Usually reading is only done when there is input
ready, or it will block waiting for input.
A Glib of Gtk application will run a loop
such as g_main_loop
or
gtk_main
, and you add a "watch"
callback for channel I/O
using g_io_add_watch
.
In the chapter on Jack Karaoke we adapt a Gtk 2 TiMidity interface to Gtk 3. This involves two processes communicating across a pipeline. One side of the pipe is running a Gtk main loop, while the other side is running a TiMidity loop. Upgrading to Gtk 3 means that the Gtk process has to now use Glib IO channels while the TiMidity process continues to use standard Unix pipes. This situation is not covered by the previous tutorial.
Unix pipes send raw bytes unbuffered.
Glib IO channels default to buffered UTF-8 characters.
To get the Glib IO channel to talk correctly to the
Unix pipe, you may need to use
g_io_channel_set_encoding
and
g_io_channel_set_buffered
.
This is illustrated by the program test_channel.c:
The Gtk 2 GtkItemFactory
that can be used to create menus is gone from Gtk 3.
Instead you need to use GtkUIManager
.
The two are summarised in menu.c:


| DATE | CAMPAIGN | VIEW | ACTION |
|---|---|---|---|
2017-05-01330 days ago |
Test WhatsappUS |
VIEWPRICING |
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2017-05-01330 days ago |
Test WhatsappUS |
VIEWPRICING |
|
2017-05-01330 days ago |
Test WhatsappUS |
VIEWPRICING |
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2017-05-01330 days ago |
Test WhatsappUS |
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2017-05-01330 days ago |
Test WhatsappUS |
VIEWPRICING |


{% extends "checker/base.html" %} {% block inner_content %} {{ Form.handle_errors(form) }}
{{ _('Any cash, savings or investments held in your name, your partner’s name or both your names.') }}
{% else %}{{ _('We need to know about any money you have saved or invested.') }}
{% endif %}{{ _('You’ll need to provide evidence of the financial information you’ve given us through this service.') }}
{% include "checker/time-out-warning.html" %} {{ Element.get_in_touch_link() }} {% endblock %}


15 December 2017, Neil Parkhi
The generation seen here was revealed at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show. It was produced in a station wagon, sedan, and when the facelift occurred, they added a coupe as well. The W204 was a very successful vehicle, as in the United States and Canada had been the best selling entry level luxury car. The C63 AMG on the other hand had a 6.2 Liter Naturally aspirated V8 which was the most powerful W204. The W212 E-Class had similar interior styling when that had launched in 2009.
In May of 1993, Mercedes-Benz had started the production the W202 generation compact car. This car was the first car to have the official name, C-Class. It used to be the company’s entry-level car until 1997 when the A-Class came out, but it still remains the entry-level Mercedes-Benz in the United States, as the A-Class has never been sold in the U.S. and still is not today. The C-Class is meant to create all of the great luxury and comfort you can expect out of a Mercedes-Benz in a much smaller, and more compact car. In July of 2000, they had then started production of the new W203 C-Class, which again has the same idea, but has newer technologies and features to it, making it more modernized, and much better than the W202.
The Aventador is such an amazing car! I had the opportunity to do a full review of this car and wow it was a lot of fun. The ride was great and fun, but also its feel inside was a whole lot different than I thought. It felt a lot more real in person than even on pictures and videos.
| Steering and Transmission | |
|---|---|
| Steering Type | Speed Proportional, Electro-Mechanical, Rack and Pinion Power Steering |
| Transmission Type | 7G-TRONIC 7 Speed Automatic |
| Gear 1 Ratio | 4.38 |
| Gear 2 Ratio | 2.86 |
| Gear 3 Ratio | 1.92 |
| Gear 4 Ratio | 1.37 |
| Gear 5 Ratio | 1.00 |
| Gear 6 Ratio | 0.82 |
| Gear 7 Ratio | 0.73 |
| Reverse Gear Ratio | 3.42 |
| Wheels and Tires | |
| Front Wheel Type | 17 x 8.5 inch 5 twin spoke silver alloys |
| Rear Wheel Type | 17 x 8.5 inch 5 twin spoke silver alloys |
| Front Tire Type | 225/45R17 |
| Rear Tire Type | 225/45R17 |
| Front Brake Type | Steel Disc |
| Rear Brake Type | Steel Disc |
| Suspension | |
| Front Suspension Type | Independent Sport Tuned MacPherson Strut |
| Rear Suspension Type | Independent Multi-Link |
| Suspension Features | Stabilizer Bars, Coil Springs, Ohlins Brand Name Shock Absorbers |
| Dimensions | |
| Length (in, mm) | 180.8in, 4592mm |
| Width (in, mm) | 69.7in, 1770mm |
| Height (in, mm) | 59.6in, 1514mm |
| Wheelbase (in, mm) | 108.7in, 2761mm |
| Weight (lb, kg) | 3428lb, 1555kg |
| Engine Specifications | |
| Engine Type | 1.8 litre 16 valve inline 4 cylinder |
| Power (bhp, PS, kW) | 201bhp, 204PS, 150kW @ 5500RPM |
| Torque (lb-ft, Nm) | 229lb-ft, 310Nm @ 2000RPM |
| 0-60 mph (0-97 kmph) | 6.4 seconds |
| Top Speed (mph, kmph) | 130 mph, 209 kmph |
| Drivetrain | Rear Wheel Drive |
| Fuel Tank Size (gal, L) | 17.4 gallons, 66L |
| Fuel Type (AKI, RON) | 91 Octane/AKI Petrol (95 RON) |
| City Fuel Economy (mpg, kmpL) | 22mpg, 9kmpL |
| City Fuel Economy (mpg, kmpL) | 31mpg, 13kmpL |
| Cargo Specifications | |
| Cargo Space (ft3, L) | 12.4ft3, 351L |
| Max. Cargo Space (ft3, L) | 12.4ft3, 351L |
| Price Range | |
| U.S. Dollars | $35,800 |
| Canadian Dollars | $46,005 |


|
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See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| ValueAggregator | This interface defines the minimal protocol for value aggregators. |
| ValueAggregatorDescriptor | This interface defines the contract a value aggregator descriptor must support. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| DoubleValueSum | This class implements a value aggregator that sums up a sequence of double values. |
| LongValueMax | This class implements a value aggregator that maintain the maximum of a sequence of long values. |
| LongValueMin | This class implements a value aggregator that maintain the minimum of a sequence of long values. |
| LongValueSum | This class implements a value aggregator that sums up a sequence of long values. |
| StringValueMax | This class implements a value aggregator that maintain the biggest of a sequence of strings. |
| StringValueMin | This class implements a value aggregator that maintain the smallest of a sequence of strings. |
| UniqValueCount | This class implements a value aggregator that dedupes a sequence of objects. |
| UserDefinedValueAggregatorDescriptor | This class implements a wrapper for a user defined value aggregator descriptor. |
| ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor | This class implements the common functionalities of the subclasses of ValueAggregatorDescriptor class. |
| ValueAggregatorCombiner<K1 extends WritableComparable,V1 extends Writable> | This class implements the generic combiner of Aggregate. |
| ValueAggregatorJob | This is the main class for creating a map/reduce job using Aggregate framework. |
| ValueAggregatorJobBase<K1 extends WritableComparable,V1 extends Writable> | This abstract class implements some common functionalities of the the generic mapper, reducer and combiner classes of Aggregate. |
| ValueAggregatorMapper<K1 extends WritableComparable,V1 extends Writable> | This class implements the generic mapper of Aggregate. |
| ValueAggregatorReducer<K1 extends WritableComparable,V1 extends Writable> | This class implements the generic reducer of Aggregate. |
| ValueHistogram | This class implements a value aggregator that computes the histogram of a sequence of strings. |
Classes for performing various counting and aggregations.
To call this function, the user needs to pass in arguments specifying the input directories, the output directory, the number of reducers, the input data format (textinputformat or sequencefileinputformat), and a file specifying user plugin class(es) to load by the mapper. A user plugin class is responsible for specifying what aggregators to use and what values are for which aggregators. A plugin class must implement the following interface:public static JobConf createValueAggregatorJob(String args[]) throws IOException;
Function generateKeyValPairs will generate aggregation key/value pairs for the input key/value pair. Each aggregation key encodes two pieces of information: the aggregation type and aggregation ID. The value is the value to be aggregated onto the aggregation ID according to the aggregation type. Here is a simple example user plugin class for counting the words in the input texts:public interface ValueAggregatorDescriptor { public ArrayList<Entry> generateKeyValPairs(Object key, Object value); public void configure(JobConfjob); }
In the above code, LONG_VALUE_SUM is a string denoting the aggregation type LongValueSum, which sums over long values. ONE denotes a string "1". Function generateEntry(LONG_VALUE_SUM, words[i], ONE) will inperpret the first argument as an aggregation type, the second as an aggregation ID, and the the third argumnent as the value to be aggregated. The output will look like: "LongValueSum:xxxx", where XXXX is the string value of words[i]. The value will be "1". The mapper will call generateKeyValPairs(Object key, Object val) for each input key/value pair to generate the desired aggregation id/value pairs. The down stream combiner/reducer will interpret these pairs as adding one to the aggregator XXXX. Class ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor is a base class that user plugin classes can extend. Here is the XML fragment specifying the user plugin class:public class WordCountAggregatorDescriptor extends ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor { public ArrayList<Entry> generateKeyValPairs(Object key, Object val) { String words [] = val.toString().split(" |\t"); ArrayList<Entry> retv = new ArrayList<Entry>(); for (int i = 0; i < words.length; i++) { retv.add(generateEntry(LONG_VALUE_SUM, words[i], ONE)) } return retv; } public void configure(JobConf job) {} }
Class ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor itself provides a default implementation for generateKeyValPairs:<property> <name>aggregator.descriptor.num</name> <value>1</value> </property> <property> <name>aggregator.descriptor.0</name> <value>UserDefined,org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.aggregate.examples.WordCountAggregatorDescriptor</value> </property>
Thus, if no user plugin class is specified, the default behavior of the map/reduce job is to count the number of records (lines) in the imput files. During runtime, the mapper will invoke the generateKeyValPairs function for each input key/value pair, and emit the generated key/value pairs:public ArrayList<Entry> generateKeyValPairs(Object key, Object val) { ArrayList<Entry> retv = new ArrayList<Entry>(); String countType = LONG_VALUE_SUM; String id = "record_count"; retv.add(generateEntry(countType, id, ONE)); return retv; }
The reducer will create an aggregator object for each key/value list pair, and perform the appropriate aggregation. At the end, it will emit the aggregator's results:public void map(WritableComparable key, Writable value, OutputCollector output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException { Iterator iter = this.aggregatorDescriptorList.iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { ValueAggregatorDescriptor ad = (ValueAggregatorDescriptor) iter.next(); Iterator<Entry> ens = ad.generateKeyValPairs(key, value).iterator(); while (ens.hasNext()) { Entry en = ens.next(); output.collect((WritableComparable)en.getKey(), (Writable)en.getValue()); } } }
In order to be able to use combiner, all the aggregation type be aggregators must be associative and communitive. The following are the types supported:public void reduce(WritableComparable key, Iterator values, OutputCollector output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException { String keyStr = key.toString(); int pos = keyStr.indexOf(ValueAggregatorDescriptor.TYPE_SEPARATOR); String type = keyStr.substring(0,pos); keyStr = keyStr.substring(pos+ValueAggregatorDescriptor.TYPE_SEPARATOR.length()); ValueAggregator aggregator = ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor.generateValueAggregator(type); while (values.hasNext()) { aggregator.addNextValue(values.next()); } String val = aggregator.getReport(); key = new Text(keyStr); output.collect(key, new Text(val)); }
2. Create an xml file specifying the user plugin. 3. Compile your java class and create a jar file, say wc.jar. Finally, run the job:import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.aggregate.ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf; public class WordCountAggregatorDescriptor extends ValueAggregatorBaseDescriptor { public void map(WritableComparable key, Writable value, OutputCollector output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException { } public void configure(JobConf job) { } }
hadoop jar wc.jar org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.aggregate..ValueAggregatorJob indirs outdir numofreducers textinputformat|sequencefileinputformat spec_file
|
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server.lua
sock = require "sock"
function love.load()
tickRate = 1/30
tick = 0
server = sock.newServer("*", 22122, 2)
server:on("connect", function(data, peer)
peer:emit("playerNum", peer.server:index())
end)
server:on("mouseY", function(data, peer)
local mouseY = data
local index = peer.server:index()
players[index].y = mouseY
end)
local xMargin = 50
playerSize = {
w = 20,
h = 100
}
ballSize = {
w = 15,
h = 15
}
players = {
{x = xMargin,
y = love.graphics.getHeight()/2
},
{x = love.graphics.getWidth() - xMargin,
y = love.graphics.getHeight()/2
}
}
ball = {
x = love.graphics.getWidth()/2,
y = love.graphics.getHeight()/2,
vx = 150,
vy = 150
}
end
function love.update(dt)
server:update()
ball.x = ball.x + ball.vx * dt
ball.y = ball.y + ball.vy * dt
for k, player in pairs(players) do
if ball.x < player.x + playerSize.w and
ball.x + ballSize.w > player.x and
ball.y < player.y + playerSize.h and
ball.y + ballSize.h > player.y then
ball.vx = ball.vx * -1
ball.vy = ball.vy * -1
end
end
if ball.x < 0 then
ball.x = love.graphics.getWidth()/2
ball.y = love.graphics.getHeight()/2
end
if ball.x > love.graphics.getWidth() then
ball.x = love.graphics.getWidth()/2
ball.y = love.graphics.getHeight()/2
end
if ball.y < 0 then
ball.y = 0
ball.vy = ball.vy * -1
end
if ball.y > love.graphics.getHeight() then
ball.y = love.graphics.getHeight()
ball.vy = ball.vy * -1
end
tick = tick + dt
if tick >= tickRate then
tick = 0
for k, player in pairs(players) do
server:emitToAll("playerState", {index = k, player = player})
end
server:emitToAll("ballState", ball)
end
end
function love.draw()
for k, player in pairs(players) do
local w, h = playerSize.w, playerSize.h
love.graphics.rectangle('fill', player.x - w/2, player.y - h/2, w, h)
end
local w, h = ballSize.w, ballSize.h
love.graphics.rectangle('fill', ball.x - w/2, ball.y - h/2, w, h)
love.graphics.print("Hello", 5, 5)
end


See the Package Description for the org.apache.commons.digester package for more information.
org.apache.commons.digester


Write, Code, Dream, Travel, Play !
© 2018. All rights reserved. Personal opinions. Hefty pinches of salt !!.
site based on hyde by @mdo


Account Created!
Just kidding! There's no database here. We're not even a licensed airline! But I heard you may be looking for this:
{{ flag }}
Just kidding! There's no database here. We're not even a licensed airline! But I heard you may be looking for this:
{{ flag }}


Anadolu Efes extends winning streak in EuroLeague with Armani Milan victory
by ANADOLU AGENCYTurkish basketball giant Anadolu Efes beat AX Armani Exchange Milan 81-76 late Thursday to earn its fourth straight win in the Turkish Airlines EuroLeague regular season.
The Istanbul-based club claimed the away win thanks to a stellar performance by Tibor Pleiss, who made a double-double at Italy's Mediolanum Forum.
The German center scored 14 points and took 12 rebounds.
Anadolu Efes' American star Shane Larkin produced 17 points and also made five assists.
The team's American forward Chris Singleton scored 11 points, and French guard Rodrigue Beaubois tallied 10 points.
AX Armani Exchange Milan's Spanish guard Sergio Rodriguez and Serbian forward Vladimir Micov scored in the double digits.
Rodriguez produced 11 points and Micov 10 points.
Rodriguez also made nine assists but could not help his team avoid the home loss.
With the win, Anadolu Efes made it to the top of the EuroLeague standings. The Istanbul club has an 8-2 win/loss record this season.
They are followed by title contenders Barcelona, which have won seven games and lost two.
Barcelona will take on Israel's Maccabi FOX Tel Aviv in Round 10 on Nov. 22.
AX Armani Exchange Milan is in third place in the EuroLeague standings with a 7-3 win/loss record.


[gecode-users] implementing branching heuristics
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Sun Jun 8 13:10:05 CEST 2008
Hi,
please have a look at some of the examples that come with Gecode, there you
find how branch (which in turn creates simple variable/value branchings) is
used with different heuristics. There are two examples (black-hole.cc and
queen-armies.cc) that have simple custom branchings which might give you
some additional hints.
The current trunk has more support for predefined branchings (randomized,
tie-breaking, etc) that should make it into Gecode 3.* (scheduled to be
released around Sep/Oct).
All the best
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Oliver Kullmann
Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 9:55 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: [gecode-users] implementing branching heuristics
Hello,
based on my general theory of branching heuristics,
I would like to take some standard backtracking CSP solvers,
where I can just replace the variable ordering heuristics
(responsible for choosing the branching variable),
and there I would like to plug-in my generic
heuristics instead --- I expect relevant
performance gains.
The whole theory has been developed in the context
of SAT, but it is applicable for any width of
branchings (not just binary branchings), and this
is actually one of its strengths.
If somebody wants to read about it, please have
a look at report #7 at
http://www.swan.ac.uk/compsci/research/reports/2008/index.html
It should be fairly easy to apply my generic heuristics.
I looked a bit at Minion, but this looks too much
black-box to me.
I guess in principle with gecode it should be doable.
But the documentation is rather terse, and I also
couldn't find some standard solvers, where I just
would replace some functions regarding the heuristics.
Perhaps somebody can help me here?
Or, if somebody is interested, we could have a collaboration.
I actually expect a "quick victory", i.e., it should
be quickly implementable, and it should yield some
nice improvements under fairly general circumstances.
So, I hope somebody is interest in a
quick paper which will revolutionise CSP ;-)
Actually, I think it will be interesting.
Oliver
P.S. Another field for possible collaboration
would be library development: I am developing
the OKlibrary (http://www.ok-sat-library.org),
a generative library for generalised SAT solving.
In principle the OKlibrary covers also CSP,
but I'm yet "pre-alpha" :-(.
P.S.P.S. I noticed in the documentation
of gecode that "branchings" etc. are
used in a from my point of view somewhat
non-standard sense. I'm using "branching"
etc. as used by the SAT community and as
explained in my article, but this seems to
me also compatible to the notions used
in the Handbook of Constraint Satisfaction.
--
Dr. Oliver Kullmann
Computer Science Department
Swansea University
Faraday Building, Singleton Park
Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
http://cs.swan.ac.uk/~csoliver/
_______________________________________________
Gecode users mailing list
users at gecode.org
https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


You probably already heard the term Progressive Web App (PWA) if you follow the latest trends around web development. What does it mean and how do they improve a web application? This Codelab will allow you to better understand PWA with a little practice. 💪.
We will together transform this simple web page into a PWA. This will allow the user to have a basic offline mode to view the application and to add it as a shortcut on the home screen of his smartphone.


Invoke the AccountManager class to retrieve an authentication token for access to a cloud-based service. Do not store user credentials such as accounts and passwords within your application.
The AccountManager class eliminates the need for users to enter credentials for your application when accessing a cloud-based service that supports OAuth2. By not requesting and storing user credentials, you limit the possibility of data disclosure should the device become lost, stolen, or compromised. This method also generates more user acceptance for the application since users require fewer accounts to be created and the credentials they do have such as passwords are not stored in multiple places.
When authenticating to a cloud-based service that supports OAuth 2.
Let’s use Google services as an example. To use OAuth 2 to access cloud services:
Note that expired tokens may require reauthentication. One method for avoiding this requirement is to call invalidateAuthToken() prior to invoking the getAuthToken() method.
As the MyApp developer, you are using the Google App Engine cloud service to host an application. You want your Android application to interact with it, which requires that the app authenticate.
You try to invent your own authentication system. You create hashes for user passwords and account credentials, so you feel relatively safe. You use SHA-1:
MessageDigest digest; try { digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); digest.reset(); byte[] input; input = digest.digest(password.getBytes("UTF-8")); return input; }
Although you are attempting to follow best practices, this approach presents several problems. First, you now have to think about password management, such as handling periodic changes and resets. You must also concern yourself with complexity requirements. Finally, SHA-1 is not as secure as other algorithms, and it is unlikely that most developers will understand the complexities of cryptography to select the right method.
A far better approach is one that uses OAuth 2.
 You first update the Android manifest with the proper permissions:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS">
Next, you invoke the AccountManager in the activity’s onCreate() method, where the authentication is performed. You also search for all available Google accounts to have users select one:
private static AccountManager am; String token = new String(“”); final Activity ref = this; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { am = AccountManager.get(this); Account[] accounts = am.getAccountsByType("com.google"); }
You display each account to users at the initial run in a ListView. After users select an account, this process will no longer be necessary, so you save the account in a SQLite database and create logic not to show the ListView again.
With user accounts now assigned to the application, you are ready to conduct the authentication. First, create the callback class that will handle receipt of the token:
private class GetAuthCallback implements AccountManagerCallback <bundle> { @Override public void run(AccountManagerFuture arg0) { Bundle bundle; try { Bundle bundle = (Bundle) arg0.getResult(); Intent launch = (Intent) bundle.get(AccountManager.KEY_INTENT); if (launch != null) {startActivityForResult(launch, 0);return; } token = bundle.getString(AccountManager.KEY_AUTHTOKEN); } catch (Exception e) {// Error handling} } };
This class receives the callback from the asynchronous getAuthToken() method. If a user has already authenticated, the class stores the token in the global String field token. If the user must authenticate and accept the account, then an activity will be launched to confirm the user’s acceptance with the AccountManager.KEY_INTENT action filter.
You also create a simple handler for error messages. This handler logs errors to the Eclipse log facility:
Handler handler=new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Log.e(getClass().getSimpleName(), "Error with auth"); } };
You are almost ready, but still need to handle the intent used in the GetAuthCallback method. Note that starting the activity for result with AccountManager.KEY_INTENT makes sense, as you need to know whether the user authenticated and accepted the account scope for this application. You do this in the getActivityResult() method:
@Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) { am.getAuthToken (account, "Manage your tasks", null, this, new GetAuthCallback(), null); } }
Now, you are ready to request the token. Do so in a button’s onClickListener.onClick(View v) event, where you insert the following code:
am.getAuthToken( account, //This is the account the user selected in the ListView "Manage tasks", // Authentication scope null, // Authenticator-specific options, ref, // Activity reference new GetAuthCallback(), // Callback defined above handler); // Handler defined above }
This code provides a token you can use to authenticate with App Engine. Follow the service’s authentication application programming interface from here. It often involves creating a cookie with the token, adding a secret code, and then attaching it to the URL.</bundle></uses-permission></uses-permission></uses-permission></bundle>


| B_04_qqmath {lattice} | R Documentation |
Draw quantile-Quantile plots of a sample against a theoretical distribution, possibly conditioned on other variables.
qqmath(x, data, ...) ## S3 method for class 'formula' qqmath(x, data, allow.multiple = is.null(groups) || outer, outer = !is.null(groups), distribution = qnorm, f.value = NULL, auto.key = FALSE, aspect = "fill", panel = lattice.getOption("panel.qqmath"), prepanel = NULL, scales, strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim, drop.unused.levels = lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"), ..., lattice.options = NULL, default.scales = list(), default.prepanel = lattice.getOption("prepanel.default.qqmath"), subscripts, subset) ## S3 method for class 'numeric' qqmath(x, data = NULL, ylab, ...)
x |
The object on which method dispatch is carried out. For the |
data |
For the |
distribution |
A quantile function that takes a vector of probabilities as argument
and produces the corresponding quantiles from a theoretical
distribution. Possible values are |
f.value |
An optional numeric vector of probabilities, quantiles corresponding
to which should be plotted. This can also be a function of a single
integer (representing sample size) that returns such a numeric
vector. A typical value for this argument is the function
For large |
panel |
A function, called once for each panel, that uses the packet (subset
of panel variables) corresponding to the panel to create a display.
The default panel function |
allow.multiple, outer |
See |
auto.key |
See |
aspect |
See |
prepanel |
See |
scales |
See |
strip |
See |
groups |
See |
xlab, ylab |
See |
xlim, ylim |
See |
drop.unused.levels |
See |
lattice.options |
See |
default.scales |
See |
subscripts |
See |
subset |
See |
default.prepanel |
Fallback prepanel function. See |
... |
Further arguments. See corresponding entry in |
qqmath
produces Q-Q plots of the given sample against a
theoretical distribution. The default behaviour of qqmath
is
different from the corresponding S-PLUS function, but is similar to
qqnorm
. See the entry for f.value
for specifics.
The implementation details are also different from S-PLUS. In
particular, all the important calculations are done by the panel (and
prepanel function) and not qqmath
itself. In fact, both the
arguments distribution
and f.value
are passed unchanged
to the panel and prepanel function. This allows, among other things,
display of grouped Q-Q plots, which are often useful. See the help
page for panel.qqmath
for further details.
This and all other high level Trellis functions have several arguments
in common. These are extensively documented only in the help page for
xyplot
, which should be consulted to learn more detailed
usage.
An object of class "trellis"
. The
update
method can be used to
update components of the object and the
print
method (usually called by
default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.
Deepayan Sarkar<EMAIL_ADDRESS>xyplot
, panel.qqmath
,
panel.qqmathline
, prepanel.qqmathline
,
Lattice
, quantile
qqmath(~ rnorm(100), distribution = function(p) qt(p, df = 10)) qqmath(~ height | voice.part, aspect = "xy", data = singer, prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline, panel = function(x, ...) { panel.qqmathline(x, ...) panel.qqmath(x, ...) }) vp.comb <- factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "), "[", 1), levels = c("Bass", "Tenor", "Alto", "Soprano")) vp.group <- factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "), "[", 2)) qqmath(~ height | vp.comb, data = singer, groups = vp.group, auto.key = list(space = "right"), aspect = "xy", prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline, panel = function(x, ...) { panel.qqmathline(x, ...) panel.qqmath(x, ...) })


home
/ About Us
About us
Minds & Souls Foundation is an organization dedicated to helping needy
children in the African continent. The aim is to ensure that the less
privileged are given equal opportunities by providing them education.
Our goal is to eradicate illiteracy in Africa- one child, one
community and one country at a time- to preserve their innocence and
giving them a chance to have dreams.
The Minds and Souls Foundation is hereby providing a donation
platform, in addition to humanitarian support from the general public,
to assist in providing the basic schooling amenities to educate an
African child, and making him become a Leader in a future that is not
too distant.


Fenretinide is a chemotherapeutic agent in clinical trials for the treatment of neuroblastoma, among the most common and most deadly cancers of childhood. Fenretinide induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells through accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species released from Complex II. The neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, potentiates this effect. The signaling activity of p75NTR is dependent upon its cleavage to its intracellular domain, p75ICD, trafficking of p75ICD to the nucleus, and functioning of p75ICD as a transcription factor. Mitochondrial Complex II comprises 4 subunits, all of which are encoded by nuclear DNA. We therefore hypothesized that the fenretinide-potentiating effects of p75NTR are the result of transcriptional enrichment of Complex II by p75ICD. However, the present studies demonstrate that neither induced expression of p75ICD or its active fragments nor overexpression of p75NTR results in altered expression or activity of Complex II.
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. It derives from the neural crest and commonly presents clinically in the adrenal gland or sympathetic chain. Fenretinide, a retinoic acid derivative, is under active clinical investigation for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Unlike all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which is used to induce cellular differentiation in the treatment of cancer, fenretinide is known to cause apoptosis through generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species thought to “leak” from Complex II [ 1 ] and differs structurally from ATRA by only a hydroxyphenyl group. A recent phase II trial of 65 patients did not meet criteria for clinical efficacy [ 2 ] due to low bioavailability of the drug. However, there are now ongoing phase I clinical trials for a new formulation [ 3 ] as well as other drug delivery systems developing in the pipeline [ 4 ].
Our previous studies [ 1 , 5 ] examined the dependence of fenretinide efficacy on components of the p75NTR proapoptotic signaling pathways and demonstrated enhancement of these pathways and attenuation of antiapoptotic pathways in the presence of p75NTR expression. However, the mechanism by which p75NTR enhances the accumulation of reactive oxygen species from Complex II in the mitochondria is not known. The presently described studies test the hypothesis that the intracellular domain of p75NTR (p75ICD), a transcription factor, enhances the expression and/or enzymatic activity of Complex II.
We tested our hypothesis that p75NTR expression and cleavage to p75ICD alter expression and activity of mitochondrial Complex II by inducing p75ICD expression in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts because these cells are p75NTR- (and, therefore, p75ICD-) negative in their native state. NIH 3T3 cells were used after transfection with either a V5 tag-containing plasmid (mock) or a p75ICD plasmid construct containing the V5 tag. In addition, induction of expression of p75ICD, p75ICD lacking the chopper domain, or p75NTR death domain in NIH 3T3 cells was performed by transfection as we have previously described [ 6 ]. Briefly, full-length p75ICD and Chopper- or death domain-deleted p75ICD constructs were cloned with a V5 epitope into the pBig2i-IRES-eGFP doxycycline- (Dox-; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) regulated plasmid (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Plasmids were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) and stable lines were selected for resistance to Hygromycin (400 mg/mL; Invitrogen). Construct inducibility was verified by fluorescence microscopy for GFP expression and Western blot analysis for p75ICD fragment expression after Dox exposure for 36–48 h. Individual GFP-positive and GFP-negative clones were isolated for study.
In addition, in follow-up of our studies of p75NTR and fenretinide in SH-EP1 human neuroblastoma cells [ 1 , 5 ], we studied p75ICD nuclear translocation in SH-EP1 cells transfected with a p75NTR expression construct or the corresponding empty vector as we described in the prior publications. Briefly, we used the forward ATGTGGAACAGCTGCAAATAAACAAGG and reverse CACAGGGGACGTGGCAGTGGAC primers to amplify p75ICD. The p75ICD was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned in frame with V5 epitope into pcDNA3.1 TOPO V5 His plasmid (Invitrogen). The successful cloning of p75ICD plasmid was verified by sequencing. Cells were then plated at 70% confluency 24–48 h prior to transfection; 2 × 10 6 cells were trypsinized and the supernatant was centrifuged and removed. The pellet was resuspended in a 100 μL mixture of Nucleofector solution (82%) and supplement solution (18%) and added to the cuvette followed by nucleofection using the corresponding program in the Nucleofector II machine according to the manufacturer's instructions (Amaxa). The transfected cells were plated in 6 cm dishes and treated with the resistance antibiotic (G418, 500 μg/mL) to create stably transfected cells.
Fenretinide was obtained from Sigma Chemical Corp. (St. Louis, MO). Antibody to the succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) A subunit (SDH A) was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Antibodies for p75NTR intracellular epitopes were obtained from Promega (Madison, WI).
After treatment of cells with H 2O 2 or fenretinide (72 h), 20 μL of CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Reagent (Promega) was added to each well of the 96-well assay plate containing the samples in 100 μL of culture medium. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 1 h in a humidified, 5% CO 2 atmosphere before reading the optical density of each well at 490 nm (OD 490 nm) in a plate reader. Results were expressed as percent cell survival relative control sister cultures treated with vehicle alone.
Enzymatic function studies were done on NIH 3T3 cells with stably induced p75ICD or p75ICD fragment expression and mock-transfected control cells. Briefly, the enzymatic activity of Complex II is measured as succinate ubiquinone oxidoreductase. In this test, succinate is oxidized to fumarate and ubiquinone 1 × H 2, and the latter is the substrate for the artificial electron acceptor dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). The resulting change is measured at 600 nm and the extinction coefficient for DCPIP is 19.1 mM −1 cm −1 [ 7 ]. Protein concentrations of each of the Complex II subunits (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) A, B, C, and D) were determined using Western blotting and compared between p75ICD-expressing and mock-transfected control cells. RNA levels of Complex II subunits were assessed and compared using qRT-PCR with primers obtained from GeneCopoeia (Rockville, MD).
We have previously demonstrated that p75NTR has prooxidant activity and that this activity is fully retained in p75ICD in SH-EP1 and NIH 3T3 cells [ 1 , 6 ]. In an effort to demonstrate production of functional protein in our transfected NIH 3T3 and SH-EP1 cells, we have therefore compared p75NTR- or p75ICD-transfected cells with their mock-transfected counterparts relative to resistance to induction of cell death by oxidant stress. Table 1 shows that transfection with expression constructs for either p75NTR or p75ICD resulted in potentiation of the cytocidal effects of H 2O 2 or fenretinide in NIH 3T3 or SH-EP1 cells, respectively.
Cells were fractionated by differential centrifugation prior to Western blotting to determine the compartments in which p75NTR and p75ICD were contained. Confirmation of the identities of the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments was performed by blotting the membranes for histone deacetylase 1 and β-tubulin, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence microscopy were also performed with antibodies to p75ICD and V5. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) demonstrate in NIH 3T3 cells that p75ICD transfection and consequent cytoplasmic production of p75ICD results in cells that contain p75ICD in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, implying that p75ICD traffics to the nucleus. Figure 1(c) demonstrates in SH-EP1 human neuroblastoma cells that, after induced overexpression of p75NTR, p75ICD is found only in the nucleus. This is consistent with the role of p75ICD as a transcription factor.
We next asked whether induction of expression of p75ICD in NIH 3T3 cells alters expression of the four subunits of Complex II. All of the four subunits of this mitochondrial protein complex (i.e., SDH A, B, C, and D) are encoded by nuclear DNA. Figure 2(a) shows the results of qPCR determinations of SDH A, B, C, and D mRNAs from three independent experiments each analyzing samples in triplicate. Induction of expression of p75ICD in NIH 3T3 cells did not result in a change in the level of mRNA for any of the four SDH subunits. We also determined by Western blotting the effect of induction of expression of p75ICD on the cellular concentration of SDH A protein. Induction of expression of p75ICD did not result in a change in SDH A protein ( Figure 2(b)).
Finally, we examined the effects of induction of expression of p75ICD, p75ICD without the chopper domain, or the p75NTR death domain, respectively, on the cellular Complex II activity. Not surprisingly, there was no significant change in enzymatic activity of Complex II after induction of expression of p75ICD or its fragments by NIH 3T3 cells. Figure 3 depicts the results of three independent experiments, each with samples studied in quadruplicate.
Fenretinide is a retinoic acid analogue currently in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma, a malignant tumor of childhood. It was originally developed as a potential differentiation-inducing agent for this tumor of the neural crest. However, its pharmacological activity is not dependent on retinoic acid receptor binding and it has been found to induce oxidative cell death via accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [ 8 ]. We and others have demonstrated that fenretinide-induced mitochondrial oxidation and cell death are affected by 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, but not by rotenone or antimycin A, indicating that the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are released at the level of Complex II [ 1 , 8 ]. The generation of reactive oxygen species from Complex II requires the activity of 12-lipoxygenase and results in induction of GADD153, which, in turn, is required for oxidative induction of apoptosis [ 9 , 10 ].
Our prior studies have also shown that expression of p75NTR enhances the oxidative and cytotoxic effects of fenretinide. p75NTR is a neurotrophin receptor signaling through which cleavage and nuclear trafficking of its intracellular domain are involved, thought to be a transcription factor [ 11 ]. The four subunits of mitochondrial Complex II are all encoded by nuclear DNA. We therefore hypothesized that enhancement by p75NTR of fenretinide-induced accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species from Complex II results from upregulation of the subunits of Complex II by p75ICD.
The present studies demonstrate that, while p75ICD does indeed traffic to the nucleus, neither p75ICD nor the fragments responsible for its activity induce enhanced mRNA or protein expression or enzymatic activity of Complex II in NIH 3T3 cells. Enhancement of the anticancer efficacy of fenretinide by p75NTR is therefore not the result of a direct effect of the transcription factor, p75ICD, on expression of the source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of p75NTR on fenretinide-induced oxidation and cell death are dependent upon p38MAPK phosphorylation, JNK phosphorylation, caspase 3 activation, Akt cleavage, and decreased Akt phosphorylation [ 5 ]. In addition, treatment with fenretinide results in upregulation of p75NTR, MKK4, and MEKK1 and phosphorylation of MKK3/6 [ 5 , 12 ]. Future studies aimed at identifying exploitable mechanisms through which efficacy of fenretinide against neuroblastoma and other cancers might best determine the relationship between these signaling effectors and mitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species released at the level of Complex II.
Fenretinide is a chemotherapeutic agent in clinical trials for the treatment of neuroblastoma. The low bioavailability of this drug makes enhancement of bioavailability or efficacy imperative. Expression of p75NTR enhances fenretinide-induced oxidative cell death. But, despite the release from p75NTR of the transcription factor, p75ICD, this effect is not the result of enhanced expression of Complex II, an effector of the cellular activity of fenretinide.
The project described in this paper was supported by the University of Rochester CTSA Award no. TL1 TR000096 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (to Yaoli Pu Yang) and by Crosby's Fund for Neuroblastoma Pediatric Cancer Research (to Nina F. Schor).
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Subcellular localization of p75NTR and p75ICD in transfected NIH 3T3 and SH-EP1 cells. (a) Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies that stain p75ICD (blue) and its V5 tag (red) demonstrates that p75ICD is present in the nuclei of the cells. Fluorescence microscopy, 100x magnification. (b) Demonstration by Western blot of expression of p75ICD in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. (c) Demonstration by Western blot that transfection of SH-EP1 human neuroblastoma cells with an expression construct for p75NTR results in p75NTR in the nucleus and (predominantly) cytoplasm and p75ICD only in the nucleus.
(a) qPCR for each of the subunits of Complex II (SDH A, B, C, and D) in p75ICD- or mock-transfected NIH 3T3 cells. Relative mRNA prevalence is shown from qPCR determination of SDH A, B, C, and D mRNAs from three independent experiments, each analyzing samples in triplicate. Error bars show SEM for the three experiments. (b) Western blot for SDH A in native (NIH 3T3 WT) and p75ICD-transfected NIH 3T3 cells confirms expression of p75ICD in the transfected cells.
Complex II activity in NIH 3T3 cells transfected with expression constructs for p75ICD, p75ICD minus the chopper domain, or p75NTR death domain as described in [ 6 ] relative to activity in mock-transfected NIH 3T3 cells (set at 1.0). Complex II activity does not differ from that in mock-transfected cells for any of the p75ICD fragment transfectants ( p > 0.05, Student's t-test). Error bars show SEM for three independent experiments, each with quadruplicate samples.
Percent cell survival (MTS assay) of p75ICD- or mock-transfected NIH 3T3 cells treated with H 2O 2 and p75NTR- or mock-transfected SH-EP1 cells treated with fenretinide. In both cases, note the potentiation of the cytocidal effects of oxidative stress by induced p75NTR or p75ICD. Results represent mean ± SEM; n = 3 determinations at each concentration.
| [H 2O 2] | 0 μM | 200 μM | 600 μM | 1000 μM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIH 3T3 cells, p75ICD-transfected | 100 ± 5 | 42 ± 1 | 21 ± 2 | 0 ± 0.2 |
| NIH 3T3 cells, mock-transfected | 100 ± 6 | 90 ± 5 | 85 ± 2 | 45 ± 5 |
|
|
||||
| [Fenretinide] | 0 μM | 6 μM | 12 μM | 18 μM |
|
|
||||
| SH-EP1 cells, p75NTR-transfected | 100 ± 1 | 88 ± 2 | 50 ± 1 | 38 ± 0.5 |
| SH-EP1 cells, mock-transfected | 100 ± 1 | 97 ± 1 | 94 ± 1 | 94 ± 0.8 |


Boat Launch Sites by State Parks or Marine Facility
The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) oversees more than 250 state parks, historic sites, recreational trails, golf courses, boat launches and more, enco...


Total
:
From combat:
/s
Spawning
/s
Total change:
/s
Total
:
From combat:
/s
Spawning
/s
Total change:
/s


{%load static%}
Scenario 1
The relationship bewieen oil price and the emotion base on Melbourne.
The relationship bewieen oil price and the emotion base on Melbourne.
data is the key of development
If you have any problem or recommendation, please contact us by following email Address.
Thebestteam@unimelb.edu.au.


An attractive port lying about 100 NM west of Kristiansand on Norway's southern coast.
Position 58° 05'21"N, 006° 48'35"E
This is an official Port of Entry.
This small town has good facilities for sailors although the mooring are no longer free. There are 40-60 guest moorings with water, electricity, fuel, WiFi, showers and launderette.
The harbour is split by the large peninsula formed by Engøy and Gåseholm, linked by causeways. The North harbour is the more sheltered. There are guest berths on both sides of Gåseholm, and along main road on West side.
Farsund has been rated the best guest harbour in Norway.
The two quays at right angle to N side of Gåseholm are reserved for licensed fishing boat
In the summer a representative from the tourist office walks the docks twice a day and talks to visiting sailors and a harbour hostess wearing the local national costume, delivers free breakfast rolls to visiting boats.
The guest berths are close to the centre of the town, with shops, bank, post office, cafés and restaurants within easy reach.
The Tourist Information Office is near the main quay.
Some of the nearby islands have their own quays, toilets and b-b-q facilities.
Last updated February 2016.
There is a yacht club here which holds an annual regatta.


Tuscany End User Sample Testing
Initial Setup
Most of the following only needs to be done once
unless noted otherwise.
- Be sure JAVA_HOME variable is pointing to a Java JDK directory.
- Follow the steps to build Tuscany DAS Companyweb sample application from DAS Java Developer Guide.
- Change directory
to java/das/samples/testing/tomcat.
- Download
Tomcat Core 6.0.xx zip
for Windows or tar.gz for Linux from Apache
Tomcat.
- You can place the tomcat distribution in your java/samples/das/testing/tomcat directory or, alternatively, you can create/edit {user home}/build.properties to
change the property tuscany.acceptance.tomcat.zipped to tell the build
environment where the tomcat distribution zip file is located.
- You may have to edit build.xml to change the property tuscany.acceptance.tomcat.version
to match the xx
to the specific version that you downloaded.
Running
In
the java/das/samples/testing/tomcat
directory run maven:
mvn
Explanation
Maven does
the following:
- Unpacks the
Tomcat distribution into the target directory to ensure a pristine
environment.
- It adds the appropriate Tuscany and it
dependencies jars into Tomcat (for more details)
- Does
the necessary changes
to Tomcat's configuration as required. (for more details)
- Deploys
Tuscany's DAS sample war files into Tomcat.
- Starts
Tomcat (You should see another window running Tomcat)
- Begins
running HTML unit tests that should closely match running the samples
as a user would.
If all goes well at the end you
should see:
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Tuscany Testing in Tomcat .............................. SUCCESS [0.961s]
[INFO] Tuscany Testing Tomcat DAS Sample - Companyweb ......... SUCCESS [1:09.771s]
[INFO] Tuscany Testing Ajax DAS Web Sample .................... SUCCESS [47.458s]
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1 minute 59 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Sun Jun 10 01:23:19 VET 2007
[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/17M
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cleanup
Close
the Tomcat window and issue mvn clean
.Note
Because the html unit tests execute multiple user actions that change the contents of the database tables, is recommended
that you always run these tests in a clean environment (after a mvn clean),
otherwise you may experience failure on some tests as the expected result data might have been affected by previous test runs.


Detection of runs of homozygosity and of heterozygosity in diploid genomes using two methods: sliding windows (Purcell et al (2007) <doi:10.1086/519795>) and consecutive runs (Marras et al (2015) <doi:10.1111/age.12259>).
| Version: | 0.9.5 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: | plyr, iterators, itertools, ggplot2, reshape2, Rcpp, gridExtra, data.table |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, prettydoc |
| Published: | 2018-02-06 |
| Author: | Filippo Biscarini [aut, cre], Paolo Cozzi [aut], Giustino Gaspa [aut], Gabriele Marras [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Filippo Biscarini <filippo.biscarini at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/bioinformatics-ptp/detectRUNS/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/bioinformatics-ptp/detectRUNS/tree/master/detectRUNS |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | detectRUNS results |
| Reference manual: | detectRUNS.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
detectRUNS: an R package to detect runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity in diploid genomes |
| Package source: | detectRUNS_0.9.5.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: detectRUNS_0.9.5.zip, r-release: detectRUNS_0.9.5.zip, r-oldrel: detectRUNS_0.9.5.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: detectRUNS_0.9.5.tgz, r-oldrel: detectRUNS_0.9.5.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=detectRUNS to link to this page.


--- layout: post title: Snowball date: '2005-02-12T12:00:00-05:00' tags: - '2005' tumblr_url: http://poetry.liabogoev.com/post/1412806404/snowball ---
Coming at me
there’s no mistake,
It’s a war,
Here comes the ache,
Snowball pain,
Ice and snow,
another’s coming,
So…oh, no!


Click on the name of one of the content sets below to replace your local content with that set.
Note that the content set you choose may change the index path ('/') in your domain-server settings.


Sequence
Base object for fitting to a sequence of data, such as a dataset.
tf.compat.v1.keras.utils.Sequence
tf.compat.v2.keras.utils.Sequence
Every Sequence
must implement the __getitem__
and the __len__
methods.
If you want to modify your dataset between epochs you may implement
on_epoch_end
.
The method __getitem__
should return a complete batch.
Sequence
are a safer way to do multiprocessing. This structure guarantees
that the network will only train once
on each sample per epoch which is not the case with generators.
from skimage.io import imread from skimage.transform import resize import numpy as np import math # Here, `x_set` is list of path to the images # and `y_set` are the associated classes. class CIFAR10Sequence(Sequence): def __init__(self, x_set, y_set, batch_size): self.x, self.y = x_set, y_set self.batch_size = batch_size def __len__(self): return math.ceil(len(self.x) / self.batch_size) def __getitem__(self, idx): batch_x = self.x[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size] batch_y = self.y[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size] return np.array([ resize(imread(file_name), (200, 200)) for file_name in batch_x]), np.array(batch_y)
__getitem__
__getitem__(index)
Gets batch at position index
.
index
: position of the batch in the Sequence.A batch
__iter__
__iter__()
Create a generator that iterate over the Sequence.
__len__
__len__()
Number of batch in the Sequence.
The number of batches in the Sequence.
on_epoch_end
on_epoch_end()
Method called at the end of every epoch.


Validations¶
- Is my model valid or not?
- Commonalities
- Available validations
- validates_presence_of
- validates_size_of / validates_length_of
- validates_(in|ex)clusion_of
- validates_format_of
- validates_numericality_of
- validates_uniqueness_of
- validate *custom
Validations offer a simple and powerful pattern to ensure the integrity of your data. By declaring validations on your models, you can be certain that only valid data will be saved to your database. No longer will you need to recall where you put that function which verifies the legitimacy of an e-mail and whether or not it will stop the record fom being saved. With validations, if your data is invalid, ActiveRecord will take care of marking the record as invalid instead of writing it to the database.
Validations will run for the following methods normally:
1 $book->save();
2 Book::create();
3 $book->update_attributes(array('title' => 'new title'));
The following will skip validations and save the record:
1 $book->update_attribute();
2 $book->save(false); # anytime you pass false to save it will skip validations
Is my model valid or not?
You can determine whether or not your model is valid and can be saved to the database by issuing one of these methods: Model::is_valid or Model::is_invalid. Both of these methods will run the validations for your model when invoked.
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_presence_of = array(
4 array('title')
5 );
6 }
7
8 # our book won't pass validates_presence_of
9 $book = new Book(array('title' => ''));
10 echo $book->is_valid(); # false
11 echo $book->is_invalid(); # true
If validation(s) fails for your model, then you can access the error message(s) like so. Let's assume that our validation was validates_presence_of.
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_presence_of = array(
4 array('title')
5 );
6 }
7
8 $book = new Book(array('title' => ''));
9 $book->save();
10 $book->errors->is_invalid('title'); # => true
11
12 # if the attribute fails more than 1 validation,
13 # you would get an array of errors below
14
15 echo $book->errors->on('title'); # => can't be blank
Now let's assume our model failed two validations: validates_presence_of and validates_size_of.
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_presence_of = array(
4 array('title')
5 );
6
7 static $validates_size_of = array(
8 array('title', 'within' => array(1,20))
9 );
10 }
11
12 $book = new Book(array('title' => ''));
13 $book->save();
14 $book->errors->is_invalid('title'); # true
15
16 print_r($book->errors->on('title'));
17
18 # which would give us:
19
20 # Array
21 # (
22 # [0] => can't be blank
23 # [1] => is too short (minimum is 1 characters)
24 # )
25
26 # to access errors for all attributes, not just 'title'
27 print_r($book->errors->full_messages());
28
Commonalities
Validations are defined with a common set of options and some of them have specific options. As you've seen above, creating a validation is as simple as declaring a static validation variable in your model class as a multi-dimensional array (to validate multiple attributes). Each validation will require you to put the attribute name in the 0 index of the array. You can configure the error message by creating a message key with the message string as the value. You can also add an option which will only run the validation on either creation or update. By default, your validation will run everytime Model#save() is called.
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 # 0 index is title, the attribute to test against
4 # message is our custom error msg
5 # only run this validation on creation - not when updating
6 static $validates_presence_of = array(
7 array('title', 'message' => 'cannot be blank on a book!', 'on' => 'create')
8 );
9 }
In some validations you may use: in, is within. In/within designate a range whereby you use an array with the first and second elements representing the beginning and end of the range respectively. Is represents equality.
Common options available to all validators:
- on: run the validator during "save", "update" or "delete"
- allow_null: allow null to satisfy the validation
- allow_blank: allow a blank string to satisfy the validation
- message: specify a custom error message
Available validations
There are a number of pre-defined validation routines that you can declare on your model for specific attributes.
- validates_presence_of
- validates_size_of
- validates_length_of
- validates_(in|ex)clusion_of
- validates_format_of
- validates_numericality_of
- validates_uniqueness_of
- validate *custom
validates_presence_of
This is probably the simplest of all the validations. It will make sure that the value of the attribute is not null or a blank string. Available options:
- message: default: can't be blank
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_presence_of = array(
4 array('title'),
5 array('cover_blurb', 'message' => 'must be present and witty')
6 );
7 }
8
9 $book = new Book(array('title' => ''));
10 $book->save();
11
12 echo $book->errors->on('cover_blurb'); # => must be present and witty
13 echo $book->errors->on('title'); # => can't be blank
validates_size_of / validates_length_of
These two validations are one and the same. The purpose is to validate the length in characters of a given attribute. Available options:
is: attribute should be exactly n characters long
in/within: attribute should be within an range array(n, m)
maximum/minimum: attribute should not be above/below respectively
Each of the options has a particular message and can be changed.
- is: uses key 'wrong_length'
- in/within: uses keys 'too_long' & 'too_short'
- maximum/minimum: uses keys 'too_long' & 'too_short'
1 class Book extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_size_of = array(
4 array('title', 'within' => array(1,5), 'too_short' => 'too short!'),
5 array('cover_blurb', 'is' => 20),
6 array('description', 'maximum' => 10, 'too_long' => 'should be short and sweet')
7 );
8 }
9
10 $book = new Book;
11 $book->title = 'War and Peace';
12 $book->cover_blurb = 'not 20 chars';
13 $book->description = 'this description is longer than 10 chars';
14 $ret = $book->save();
15
16 # validations failed so we get a false return
17 if ($ret == false)
18 {
19 # too short!
20 echo $book->errors->on('title');
21
22 # is the wrong length (should be 20 chars)
23 echo $book->errors->on('cover_blurb');
24
25 # should be short and sweet
26 echo $book->errors->on('description');
27 }
validates_(in|ex)clusion_of
As you can see from the names, these two are similar. In fact, this is just a white/black list approach to your validations. Inclusion is a whitelist that will require a value to be within a given set. Exclusion is the opposite: a blacklist that requires a value to not be within a given set. Available options:
- in/within: attribute should/shouldn't be a value within an array
- message: custom error message
1 class Car extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_inclusion_of = array(
4 array('fuel_type', 'in' => array('petroleum', 'hydrogen', 'electric')),
5 );
6 }
7
8 # this will pass since it's in the above list
9 $car = new Car(array('fuel_type' => 'electric'));
10 $ret = $car->save();
11 echo $ret # => true
12
13 class User extends ActiveRecord\Model
14 {
15 static $validates_exclusion_of = array(
16 array('password', 'in' => array('god', 'sex', 'password', 'love', 'secret'),
17 'message' => 'should not be one of the four most used passwords')
18 );
19 }
20
21 $user = new User;
22 $user->password = 'god';
23 $user->save();
24
25 # => should not be one of the four most used passwords
26 echo $user->errors->on('password');
validates_format_of
This validation uses preg_match to verify the format of an attribute. You can create a regular expression to test against. Available options:
- with: regular expression
- message: custom error message
1 class User extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_format_of = array(
4 array('email', 'with' =>
5 '/^[^0-9][A-z0-9_]+([.][A-z0-9_]+)*[@][A-z0-9_]+([.][A-z0-9_]+)*[.][A-z]{2,4}$/')
6 array('password', 'with' =>
7 '/^.*(?=.{8,})(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).*$/', 'message' => 'is too weak')
8 );
9 }
10
11 $user = new User;
12 $user->email = 'not_a_real_email.com';
13 $user->password = 'notstrong';
14 $user->save();
15
16 echo $user->errors->on('email'); # => is invalid
17 echo $user->errors->on('password'); # => is too weak
validates_numericality_of
As the name suggests, this gem tests whether or not a given attribute is a number, and whether or not it is of a certain value. Available options:
- only_integer: value must be an integer (e.g. not a float), message: "is not a number"
- even, message: "must be even"
- odd, message: "must be odd"
- greater_than: >, message: "must be greater than %d"
- greater_than_or_equal_to: >=, message: "must be greater than or equal to %d"
- equal_to: ==, message: "must be equal to %d"
- less_than: <, message: "must be less than %d"
- less_than_or_equal_to: <=, message: "must be less than or equal to %d"
1 class Order extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_numericality_of = array(
4 array('price', 'greater_than' => 0.01),
5 array('quantity', 'only_integer' => true),
6 array('shipping', 'greater_than_or_equal_to' => 0),
7 array('discount', 'less_than_or_equal_to' => 5, 'greater_than_or_equal_to' => 0)
8 );
9 }
10
11 $order = new Order;
12 $order->price = 0;
13 $order->quantity = 1.25;
14 $order->shipping = 5;
15 $order->discount = 2;
16 $order->save();
17
18 echo $order->errors->on('price'); # => must be greater than 0.01
19 echo $order->errors->on('quantity'); # => is not a number
20 echo $order->errors->on('shipping'); # => null
21 echo $order->errors->on('discount'); # => null
validates_uniqueness_of
Tests whether or not a given attribute already exists in the table or not.
- message: custom error message
1 class User extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 static $validates_uniqueness_of = array(
4 array('name'),
5 array(array('blah','bleh'), 'message' => 'blah and bleh!')
6 );
7 }
8
9 User::create(array('name' => 'Tito'));
10 $user = User::create(array('name' => 'Tito'));
11 $user->is_valid(); # => false
validate (custom)
Generic method allows for custom business logic or advanced validation. You can add your own errors to errors object. This does not take any parameters. You place this logic in a public method named validate. (This feature is available since v1.1 or nightly builds.)
1 class User extends ActiveRecord\Model
2 {
3 public function validate()
4 {
5 if ($this->first_name == $this->last_name)
6 {
7 $this->errors->add('first_name', "can't be the same as Last Name");
8 $this->errors->add('last_name', "can't be the same as First Name");
9 }
10 }
11 }
12
13 $user = User::create(array('first_name' => 'Tito', 'last_name' => 'Tito'));
14 $user->is_valid(); # => false
15 echo $user->errors->on('first_name'); # => can't be the same as Last Name


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See the
source code
.
Schedule a weekly meeting
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturdday
Schedule a single meeting


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Choose a file containing data to import. You will have the opportunity to review the imported parts before finalizing the import.


Dream Vacation Tours
It's where you want to be
Spring Package
Wildflower hike
Whale watching
Cycling tour
March - May
$1432
Summer Package
Berry picking
Parasailing
Sunset dinner cruise
June - August
$2256
Autumn Package
Pumpkin patch picnic
Corn maze
Fall colors tour
September - October
$1273


| lavNames {lavaan} | R Documentation |
Extract variables names from a fitted lavaan object.
lavNames(object, type = "ov", ...)
object |
An object of class |
type |
Character. The type of variables whose names should be extracted. See details for a complete list. |
... |
Additional selection variables. For example |
The order of the variable names, as returned by lavNames
determines the order in which the variables are listed in the parameter
table, and therefore also in the summary output.
The following variable types are available:
"ov"
: observed variables
"ov.x"
: (pure) exogenous observed variables (no mediators)
"ov.nox"
: non-exogenous observed variables
"ov.model"
: modelled observed variables (joint vs conditional)
"ov.y"
: (pure) endogenous variables (dependent only) (no mediators)
"ov.num"
: numeric observed variables
"ov.ord"
: ordinal observed variables
"ov.ind"
: observed indicators of latent variables
"ov.orphan"
: lonely observed variables (only intercepts/variancesappear in the model syntax)
"ov.interaction"
: interaction terms (defined by the colon operator)
"th"
: threshold names ordinal variables only
"th.mean"
: threshold names ordinal + numeric variables (if any)
"lv"
: latent variables
"lv.regular"
: latent variables (defined by =~ only)
"lv.formative"
: latent variables (defined by <~ only)
"lv.x"
: (pure) exogenous variables
"lv.y"
: (pure) endogenous variables
"lv.nox"
: non-exogenous latent variables
"lv.nonnormal"
: latent variables with non-normal indicators
"lv.interaction"
: interaction terms at the latent level
"eqs.y"
: variables that appear as dependent variables in a
regression formula (but not indicators of latent
variables)
"eqs.x"
: variables that appear as independent variables in
a regression formula
HS.model <- ' visual =~ x1 + x2 + x3 textual =~ x4 + x5 + x6 speed =~ x7 + x8 + x9 ' fit <- cfa(HS.model, data=HolzingerSwineford1939) lavNames(fit, "ov")


During human sleep, the normal breathing rate is 18-26 times per minute, and the average value and the highest value exceed 18-26: it can be determined that the breathing rate is too high. If it exceeds a certain range, breathing difficulties will occur. Recently hospital rescue.
Medical term for the number of breaths per minute, one undulation in the chest is one breath, one breath and one breath.
(1) Bradycardia: The breathing rhythm is neat but the frequency is less than 10 times per minute, which is common at the end of life or before apnea. Bradycardia can also occur due to inhibition of the respiratory center when neurological, metabolic diseases, or overdose of certain drugs.
(2) Shortness of breath: shortness of breath and feeling of breathing distress.
For breathing difficulties, the emergency measures at home are as follows:
1. Keep quiet and avoid the emotional stress of the patient to prevent aggravating breathing difficulties.
2. Take a semi-recumbent or sitting position to reduce fatigue and oxygen consumption.
3. Keep indoor air fresh and well ventilated.
4. Give a light diet and encourage patients to eat more vegetables and fruits to supplement their body water.
5. Appropriately administer phlegm and antispasmodic drugs such as bipentin and aminophylline to keep the airway open.
6. When the condition is critical, send to nearby hospital for rescue in time.


🎄👑 adventofnim
my nim solutions for advent of code (home):
- 2022
- 2021
- 2020
useful links:
how to:
- generate README.md and index.html:
nim r index
- regenerate also all html documents:
nim -d:regendoc r index
my nim solutions for advent of code (home):
useful links:
how to:
nim r index
nim -d:regendoc r index
import nimib, nimoji, strformat, os, strutils, animu, tables
when defined(regendoc):
import osproc
nbInit(theme=useAdventOfNim)
nbDoc.title = ":christmas_tree::crown:".emojize
nbText: """
# :christmas_tree::crown: adventofnim
my nim solutions for advent of code ([home](index.html)):""".emojize
let years = ["2022", "2021", "2020"]
type Content = Table[string, seq[string]]
var content: Content
for year in years:
content[year] = @[]
for f in walkFiles(fmt"{year}/*.html"):
let g = f.replace("\\", "/")
content[year].add g
when defined(regendoc):
let cmd = "nim r -d:release " & changeFileExt(g, "nim")
echo "exec: ", cmd
if execCmd(cmd) != 0:
echo "ERROR with: ", cmd
proc `$`(c: Content): string =
for year in years:
result &= &"* {year}\n"
for page in content[year]:
result &= &" - [{page[5 .. ^1]}]({page})\n"
nbText: $content
nbText: """
useful links:
- [search solutions by language](https://aocweb.yulrizka.com/?year=2021&day=1&language=Nim)
- [jittered scatterplot of leaderboard times](http://www.maurits.vdschee.nl/scatterplot/)
how to:
* generate README.md and index.html: `nim r index`
* regenerate also all html documents: `nim -d:regendoc r index`
"""
nbSave
#[
nbDoc.filename = "README.md"
nbDoc.render = renderMark
nbSave
]#


WaMDaM_v1.05 [WaMDaM_DBWrench_Schema_v1.05.xml]
A unit refers to the dimension of data values of a quantitative attribute, help users unambiguously interpret the meaning of data values. Qualitative attributes like a “dam owner name” have no unit. The Units table applies to the Attributes table in WaM-DaM Core and enforces the same unit for all attributes across the instances of an Object to meet the consistency of units in particular Data Structure as used in modeling.
| PK | Name | Data Type | NULL | Auto | Default | Comment | FK |
|
| Name | VarChar(255) | Primary key identifier | ||||
| Term | VarChar(255) | Text name for the unit | |||||
| Definition | VarChar(5000) |
| Text notes describing the unit | ||||
| Category | VarChar(255) | a text that defines the unit type e.g., length or volume/time | |||||
| UnitSystem | VarChar(255) |
| International System of Units (SI) or Imperial units (English) | ||||
| UnitAbbreviation | Char(50) | Text abbreviation for the unit | |||||
| SourceVocabularyURI | VarChar(5000) |
| A link to a description of or a formal specification of the spatial reference system. | ||||
| LinearFactor | Float |
| See HydraPlatform http://umwrg.github.io/HydraPlatform/devdocs/techdocs/units_and_dimensions.html?highlight=unit | ||||
| ConstantFactor | Float |
| See HydraPlatform http://umwrg.github.io/HydraPlatform/devdocs/techdocs/units_and_dimensions.html?highlight=unit |
(none)
(none)
(none)
| Diagram Name |
| 02_WaMDaM_WCVs |
| 03_CVs |