Editors
Various text editors have different levels of support for Haml. Here's a list of all known packages — if you create or learn of a more updated version, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Haml's syntax is updated from time to time, meaning some of these modes might not be as current as possible. If anyone wants to take on the task of updating an old mode, that would be greatly appreciated.
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Eclipse by Brad Wilson. This is a snapshot of the site that used to host the plugin, so it may be a bit confusing to get it working. The EclipseColorer plugin by Igor Russkih also has support for coloring Haml and Sass.
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Emacs by Natalie Weizenbaum. Probably the most up-to-date mode, since it's maintained by the former maintainer of Haml.
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GEdit/Gnome by Ardenkatur. There's also an older package by Ivan Kerin.
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JEdit by Jim Morris.
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Kate/KDE by Cies Breijs.
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Komodo (author unknown).
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NetBeans (author unknown).
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RadRails: built-in.
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RubyMine: built-in.
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TextMate/E Text Editor by Adam Stacoviak. There's also an official but out-of-date bundle by Kevin Ballard, and many GitHub forks of that bundle.
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Vim by Tim Pope. There's also an official but out-of-date mode by Dmitry Ilyashevich.
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Sublime Text 2 by Adam Stacoviak and adapted by Philippe Huibonhoa. It's available via the Sublime Package Control plugin as well.
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Atom by Kevin McCormack.
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Visual Studio Code by Kevin McCormack and adapted by Yann Vaillant.


Yuan Longping
The father of hybrid rice
Here is a timeline of Yuan Longping's life.
- 1930 - On September 7, Yuan Longping was born in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.
- 1953 - He graduated from the Department of Agronomy of Southwest Agricultural College (now Southwest University), obeyed the unified distribution of the country, and taught at the Anjiang Agricultural School in Huaihua District, Hunan Province. In the same year, he was assigned to teach the remote and backward Anjiang Agricultural School of Xiangxi Xuefeng Mountain.
- 1953.08~1971.01 - He was a teacher of Anjiang Agricultural School, Hunan Province.
- 1960 - In July of 1960, he accidentally discovered a special trait of rice in the agricultural school test field. He used the rice plant to test and found that his offspring have different properties. Because rice is self-pollinated, there is no trait separation, so he infers that it is natural hybrid rice. He then manually removed the male and female rice male flowers and gave another species of pollen to try to produce hybrid varieties.
- 1961 - In the spring of 1961, he planted the seeds of this mutant strain into the entrepreneurial test field, and the results proved that the plant that was found in the 1960s was a "natural hybrid rice." He was a teacher at Anjiang Civil University, but in the face of severe famine at the time, he decided to use agricultural science and technology to defeat the threat of hunger and engage in rice male sterility tests.
- 1964 - On July 5, he found a "natural male sterile plant" in the experimental rice field. After artificial pollination, he produced hundreds of first-generation male sterile plants.
- 1965 - In July of 1965, Yuan Longping inspected 6 sterile plants in more than 14,000 rice ears, and in the next two years of planting, 4 plants were successfully propagated for 1 to 2 generations. His research completely overthrew the "sexless hybridization" theory of traditional classical theory Miqiulin and Lysenko, and concluded that rice also has a hybrid advantage. The cultivation of hybrid rice by cultivating the male sterile line, the male sterile line and the male sterile restorer line can greatly increase rice yield.
- 1966 - On February 28, the first paper entitled "Male Infertility of Rice" was published in the 17th issue of the "Science Bulletin", Volume I, Issue 4, edited by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In May, Comrade Zhao Qujing, director of the 9th Bureau of the State Science and Technology Commission, was informed of the article "Male Infertility of Rice" published by Yuan Longping, and received great attention. He wrote a letter to the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Commission and Anjiang Agricultural School in the name of the 9th Bureau of the Science and Technology Commission. Yuan Longping's rice male sterility research activity pointed out that this study is of great significance. If successful, it will greatly increase rice production. [18] In June, the Cultural Revolution began, Yuan Longping suffered an impact, and the rice male sterility test was forced to be interrupted.
- 1967 - In April of 1967, Yuan Longping drafted the “Selection and Breeding Program for Rice Male Infertility in Anjiang Agricultural School” and reported it to the Provincial Science and Technology Commission and the Science and Technology Committee of Xiangyang District. In June, the Rice Male Infertility Research Group, which was composed of Yuan Longping, Li Bihu and Yin Huaqi, was officially established.
- 1968 - On April 30, Yuan Longping inserted more than 700 sterile seedlings of infertile materials into the Tianli, No. 7 Zhongguan Pan, Anjiang Agricultural School, covering an area of 133 square meters. On the evening of May 18th, the seedlings of sterile materials in the No. 7 field of the Middle Ages were completely removed and destroyed, becoming an unbroken mystery. Yuan Longping is heartbroken. On the 4th day after the incident, the remaining 5 seedlings were found in a waste shaft of the school and continued to be tested.
- 1970 - In the summer of 1970, Yuan Longping introduced wild rice from Yunnan. He planned to do hybridization in Jing County (Anjiang Agricultural School moved to Jing County), but it was not successful because of short-light treatment. In the autumn, Yuan Longping led the research team Li Bihu and Yin Huaqi to Nanjiang Farm in Ya County, Hainan Island to conduct Hainan, a three-season rice experiment, to conduct research and test, and to investigate the distribution of wild rice to technicians and workers.
- 1977 - Yuan Longping published two important papers, "Practice and Theory of Hybrid Rice Cultivation" and "Key Technologies for Hybrid Rice Seed Production and High Yield."
- 2017 - In September of 2017, at the on-site observation meeting of the National Rice Variety and New Technology Show in 2017, Yuan Longping announced a new result of eliminating heavy metal cadmium in rice: “We have a breakthrough technology in rice breeding recently. The gene containing cadmium or cadmium in the parent 'knocks off', the parent is clean, and the seed is naturally clean."
- 2019~present - He is still doing his research.
Read more about this incredible human being on his Wikipedia


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{% extends 'layout/layout_home.html' %} {% block title %}Subscribe · {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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Contribute
If you'd like to help improve Slim, clone the project with Git by running:
$ git clone git://github.com/stonean/slim
Work your magic and then submit a pull request. We love pull requests!
Please remember to test against Ruby versions 1.9.2 and 1.8.7.
If you find the documentation lacking (and you probably will), help us out
The docs are located in the gh-pages branch:
$ git checkout gh-pages
If you don't have the time to work on Slim, but found something we should know about, please submit an issue.
Source: stonean/slim | Slim logo & site design & site design by activestylus


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Assimp
5.0.1, master @ cd42b955
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Wrapper class around IOStream to allow for consistent writing of binary data in both little and big endian format. More...
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| StreamWriter (IOStream *stream, bool le=false) | |
| StreamWriter (std::shared_ptr< IOStream > stream, bool le=false) | |
| Construction from a given stream with a well-defined endianness. More... | |
| ~StreamWriter () | |
| void | Flush () |
| Flush the contents of the internal buffer, and the output IOStream. More... | |
| std::size_t | GetCurrentPos () const |
| template<typename T > | |
| StreamWriter & | operator<< (T f) |
| overload operator<< and allow chaining of MM ops. More... | |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | Put (T f) |
| Generic write method. More... | |
| void | PutChar (char c) |
| Write a single character to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutF4 (float f) |
| Write a float to the stream More... | |
| void | PutF8 (double d) |
| Write a double to the stream More... | |
| void | PutI1 (int8_t n) |
| Write a signed 8 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutI2 (int16_t n) |
| Write a signed 16 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutI4 (int32_t n) |
| Write an signed 32 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutI8 (int64_t n) |
| Write a signed 64 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutString (const aiString &s) |
| Write an aiString to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutString (const std::string &s) |
| Write a std::string to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutU1 (uint8_t n) |
| Write a unsigned 8 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutU2 (uint16_t n) |
| Write a unsigned 16 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutU4 (uint32_t n) |
| Write an unsigned 32 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| void | PutU8 (uint64_t n) |
| Write a unsigned 64 bit integer to the stream. More... | |
| aiReturn | Seek (size_t pOffset, aiOrigin pOrigin=aiOrigin_SET) |
| Seek to the given offset / origin in the output IOStream. More... | |
| void | SetCurrentPos (std::size_t new_cursor) |
| size_t | Tell () |
| Tell the current position in the output IOStream. More... | |
Private Types | |
| enum | { INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1024 } |
Private Attributes | |
| std::vector< uint8_t > | buffer |
| std::size_t | cursor |
| bool | le |
| std::shared_ptr< IOStream > | stream |
Wrapper class around IOStream to allow for consistent writing of binary data in both little and big endian format.
Don't attempt to instance the template directly. Use StreamWriterLE to write to a little-endian stream and StreamWriterBE to write to a BE stream. Alternatively, there is StreamWriterAny if the endianness of the output stream is to be determined at runtime.
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private |
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inline |
Construction from a given stream with a well-defined endianness.
The StreamReader holds a permanent strong reference to the stream, which is released upon destruction.
| stream | Input stream. The stream is not re-seeked and writing continues at the current position of the stream cursor. |
| le | If RuntimeSwitch is true: specifies whether the stream is in little endian byte order. Otherwise the endianness information is defined by the SwapEndianess template parameter and this parameter is meaningless. |
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inline |
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Flush the contents of the internal buffer, and the output IOStream.
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overload operator<< and allow chaining of MM ops.
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Generic write method.
ByteSwap::Swap(T*) must be defined
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Write a single character to the stream.
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Write a float to the stream
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Write a double to the stream
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Write a signed 8 bit integer to the stream.
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Write a signed 16 bit integer to the stream.
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Write an signed 32 bit integer to the stream.
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Write a signed 64 bit integer to the stream.
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Write an aiString to the stream.
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Write a std::string to the stream.
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Write a unsigned 8 bit integer to the stream.
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Write a unsigned 16 bit integer to the stream.
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Write an unsigned 32 bit integer to the stream.
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Write a unsigned 64 bit integer to the stream.
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I have been taking Cymbalta for about 2 months.
SENT1
I started out with the 30mg and now I am taking 120mg 1x day.
SENT2
I take Cymbalta for Depression, Diabetic Pain, Psoriatic Arthritis Pain, Fibromyalgia, Weight Loss.
SENT3
But I have noticed about 3 days after starting the 120mg a day my psoriasis flared up very bad.
SENT4
I have not added anything new to my diet.
SENT5
The only different was the increase of the Cymbalta.
SENT6
I will keep on taking the medication at that dose.
SENT7
I will just keep on using a lot of creams to help with the Psoriasis rash.
SENT8
I must also say I have been losing a lot of Weight which is a good thing.
SENT9


--- layout: page title: What's All This Then? description: About this site background: '/img/bg-about.jpg' ---
Photo: Paris, France 2005
This site serves as a landing page of sorts for two places marginally more interesting.
IT Writ Small is my professional web site. It focuses on Technology Management for small and medium business. And some other odds and ends.
The Effective Fly Box is my website focusing on fly tying. It's about tying a box full of flies that you can fish for trout pretty much anywhere.
My Instagram Site documents anything I make, cook, grow or trtavel to.
Anything that doesn't fit at any of those sites stays here, in the Posts section.


| AuthZ Access token |
A self-contained JSON Web Token (JWT) by which a client accesses the API resources. This token is a Bearer credential and is sent in an HTTP Authorization header to the API. This token has an expiration date. |
| AuthN Access token |
An opaque short string that together with the AuthN ID token serves to obtain the AuthZ Access token. This access token does not expire. |
| AuthN ID token |
A JWT that contains only the user's identifying information. Together with the AuthN Access token, it serves to obtain the AuthZ Access token. This token has an expiration date. |
| Authentication |
Process that validates the user credentials and establishes the identity of the user. |
| Authorization |
Process that establishes the access restrictions (for example, the user is allowed to access X resource). |
| Authorization server |
Server that verifies the identity and provides authorization services to the user. It issues access tokens and refresh tokens to clients on behalf of resource servers. The access is limited to the scope of the authorization granted. |
| Client |
Application that requests access to the resources protected by a Resource server. It interacts with an Authorization server to obtain tokens to access the resources. For example, any web or mobile application relying on Dow Jones identity. |
| Refresh token |
A long-life token that enables clients to generate a fresh AuthN ID token that can then be exchanged by a new AuthZ Access token. Note: Refresh tokens must be stored securely by an application, because they allow a user to remain authenticated essentially forever. |
| Resource server |
Server that hosts and protects the resources. It makes the resources available to properly authenticated and authorized clients. |


East Cost Group
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2013/2017


--- layout: page title: "RESOUCE" description: "Plant Genetics Lab" active: about header-img: "img/resource.jpg" ---
We developed a high-density genetic variation map (VMap 1.0) of wheat by whole-genome sequencing of all species of AA, AABB and AABBDD genomes within the genus Triticum, and the progenitor of D subgenome of bread wheat, Aegilops. tasuschii. This collection consisted of Triticum species from a wide range of taxonomic groups, geographic distribution, and ploidy levels. A total of 414 accessions of 5 species, 25 subspecies from 71 countries were collected, including 91 diploid Triticum accessions (AA taxa), 30 diploid Ae. tauschii accessions (DD taxa), 121 tetraploid accessions (AABB taxa), and 172 hexaploid accessions (AABBDD taxa). VMap 1.0 will be very useful to wheat genetic study and breeding.
The raw sequence data were deposited in the Sequence Read Archive ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra) under accession numbers PRJNA439156 and PRJNA663409. The raw sequence data were also deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive (https://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa) under accession number CRA001951.
The genotype data from VMap 1.0 are publicly available at the Genome Variation Map( https://bigd.big.ac.cn/gvm) under accession number GVM000082.
The genome browser of VMap 1.0 can be accessed from here.


Include file ‘gallery images=images caption=”Chandranath and Ram Parit Devii” cols=3’ contains invalid characters or sequences Memory is the capacity to recall events that have already happened. A poor memory is like shifting sand and can’t even remember what truly happened.  A good memory is honest and remembers every thought and emotion, whether the most sublime and divine or the most dark. But what happens when we try to recall events where all thought disappear, these moments of illumination when there is no doubt, no fear, no argument and you are as you truly are?
When I sat next to Chandranath and tried to listen to him speak of the Supreme Consciousness I could not understand a word he said. He took me into himself and there was only silence and a soft. white glow. I still try to recall that experience and become so still, forget even breathing, and there is still only silence and a soft, white glow.
The divine faculty of memory is so often hijacked by the ego and exploited to its end. When sad, all of the memories of one life become sad. When sure and confident, well things just weren’t really all that bad now were they? We remember what we want to remember according to our current state of war with the eternal presence, the great enemy of the ego. The ever present “I-Witness” is always trying to make us remember who we really are by shattering all of our illusions and projections about reality. When the memory is pure and light and not ridden by guilt or sin, we see its true purpose: a truly personal reflection and commentary on the nameless One. When life becomes free and innocent, One has always been Oneself. Name and my form were just expressions, ornamentations, and attempts to be truly at one with oneself. There is only one existence in all of us, and at all times in our apparently separate incarnations.
People like Chandranath have set a practical example of how a realized yogi can live in the world. It seems miraculous, perhaps even absurd, that the human mind can unite with the Supreme Consciousness. We can truly say “I am This” from the most sincere and complete part of our beings. However, it seems even more miraculous the benevolent grace that emanates from such a realized being and their ability to transform others. He seemed to me a man so simple and pure and I never felt that he was asking anything from me; he only gave himself wholeheartedly to anybody seeking guidance. For a yogi who practices samadhi regularly, such a conscious and humane expression like Chandranath is the most natural and simple creation of the Supreme Consciousness. When the microcosmic mind dissolves into the Supreme Consciousness, there is really no ego, nor even I-feeling, that binds one to the relative plane. Many yogis leave their bodies after such experiences. Others, like Chandranath, mysteriously returned to the relative plane of earthly existence and continued to serve others. I think that when when one enters the breathless state of samadhi and dissolves completely into the Supreme Consciousness, then it is only this One that can breathe the breath back into this unified yogi. If it weren’t for people like Chandranath, his wife, Ammachi and Chidghananda, who really set such a practical ideal, then I probably would have thought that such beings existed only in the distant past, in legends, and that the modern world is no longer habitable for advanced yogis. In the most mystical and subtle ways, people like Chandranath leave an undying imprint on the people they affect, and therefore leave their mark on the collective consciousness of humanity as a whole. A friend of mine, Devashish Donald Acosta, wrote a book based on his interviews with Chandranath titled “When the Time Comes.”


requirements
- Keyboard trap for tab and shift-tab
- Enable escape to close
- Change focus upon opening
- Place focus back to the trigger after closing
- Set other content as aria-hidden=true while open
- Can be triggered by a button or by swiping from the left
- The button must communicate the state of the menu
- The button must have a label
example
- Preferably always use accompany an icon with text
- If this is not possible, don't forget the aria-label attribute!
options available:
- allie.naviDrawer.setDuration(seconds) default = 0.5
- allie.naviDrawer.isSmooth(true)
- allie.naviDrawer.enableSwipe(true, threshold) default = false, 480
Elements specifiek to the modal component receive a clear red border on focus.
This is for demonstration purposes.


riot tag-editor example
- When you click the editor, the editor will get focus.
- When you input a word followed by a space, comma, or Enter key, a tag will be added.
- When the editor lose focus while the text in the editor is not empty, the text will be added as a tag.
- You cannot add the same tag more than twice.
- When you paste text containing comma's or spaces (ex. "baz, hoge"), the multiple tags will be added at once.
- When you click "x" in a tag, the tag will be deleted.
- When you press the Backspace key while the editor is empty, the last tag will be deleted.


Cody Bellinger 1st Dodger to win NL MVP since Clayton Kershaw in 2014
by Alden GonzalezCody Bellinger isn't one to get emotional, as you might suspect. But the moment got a little big on Thursday afternoon, while sitting on the living-room couch of his parents' house in Chandler, Arizona, surrounded by loved ones. Bellinger, a little unsure about where his career might take him at this time last year, had just been named the National League's Most Valuable Player, beating out Christian Yelich, a man with whom he has built a close friendship in recent months.
Bellinger's father, Clay, got emotional. And then so did Bellinger, right in the middle of his live interview with MLB Network. It was the first time Bellinger remembered crying since his golden retriever, Angel, died a few years earlier.
It meant that much.
"Just a dream come true," Bellinger said. "You never think it could be you in this situation."
Bellinger accumulated 19 of 30 first-place votes from members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America, nine more than Yelich and 18 more than Washington Nationals third baseman Anthony Rendon.
Bellinger batted .305/.406/.629 with 47 home runs and 15 stolen bases through what became a breakout season in 2019, ultimately becoming the first Dodgers position player to win the MVP since Kirk Gibson in 1988. Yelich did a little more on offense -- slashing .329/.429/.671 with 44 home runs and 30 stolen bases for the Milwaukee Brewers -- but Bellinger also played elite defense at three positions and captured the Gold Glove in right field.
"There wasn't one part of his game that he didn't dominate," Dodgers manager Dave Roberts said in a statement.
Bellinger's award was announced 30 minutes before Mike Trout, who stars for the crosstown-rival Los Angeles Angels, captured his third career MVP. Bellinger is the 12th Dodgers player to win the award, but he is the first in franchise history to win the Gold Glove, Silver Slugger and MVP in the same season. Only three other players -- Johnny Bench, Fred Lynn and Dustin Pedroia -- had collected MVP, Gold Glove and Rookie of the Year awards before turning 25.
"What everyone says is true -- great talent, great athlete, all that stuff," teammate Clayton Kershaw, the NL MVP in 2014, said in a statement. "But man, he's just a great baseball player and there is nothing else to say."
| Player, Team | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Tot |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cody Bellinger, Dodgers | 19 | 10 | - | 362 |
| Christian Yelich, Brewers | 10 | 18 | 1 | 317 |
| Anthony Rendon, Nationals | 1 | 1 | 24 | 242 |
| Ketel Marte, Diamondbacks | - | - | 3 | 198 |
| Ronald Acuña Jr., Braves | - | - | 1 | 155 |
| --Total points on a 14-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis | ||||
| --Baseball Writers' Association of America |
Bellinger, a third-round pick as a scrawny 17-year-old, burst onto the scene with Rookie of the Year honors in 2017, then suffered through the proverbial sophomore slump in 2018. Bellinger's batting average stood in the low .200s through June. As the summer ensued, he attempted to counter the struggles with a head-spinning amount of mechanical adjustments. Lefties gave him fits for the first time, prompting him to sit important postseason games because the matchup was not in his favor.
"It was a very humbling experience," Bellinger said, "for a variety of reasons."
Bellinger was determined to improve from the onset. Shortly after the World Series' conclusion, he sought the counsel of the Dodgers' two hitting coaches, Robert Van Scoyoc and Brant Brown, alternating his time with each of them in L.A. and Arizona. They worked to get him closer to the setup and load that worked for him two years earlier, but also -- more importantly -- to help him gain a full understanding for all the moving parts of his swing.
"From the moment the 2018 season ended," Dodgers president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman said, "he was a man on a mission to better understand his swing and to become a more complete hitter."
Bellinger scorched through the early portion of the season, holding his batting average above .400 until the 22nd day of May. The numbers inevitably dropped thereafter, but Bellinger never suffered through the cataclysmic struggles that soured his 2018 season. By the end of it, he had honed his two-strike approach, had improved dramatically against lefties and, given his innate gifts as a baserunner and a defender, had turned himself into one of the game's true superstars.
He wants more.
"This award, man, it just makes me so much hungrier to keep performing," Bellinger said. "The feeling that you have -- why you ever wanna not receive this?"


Corrections
Make corrections then upload the file again
File: HPCDS_Jan_2018_Claim.xls
| Column heading | Errors | Correction |
|---|---|---|
| Court | View 3 errors |
You must give the agreed name for the court - exactly as given in the court allowed value list. |


GREENFINGERS
Reviewed by Harvey Karten Firework Pictures-Samuel Goldwyn Films Director: Joel Hershman Writer: Joel Hershman Cast: Clive Owen, Helen Mirren, David Kelly, Warren Clarke, Danny Dyer, Adam Fogerty, Paterson Joseph, Natasha Little, Peter Guinness, Lucy Punch
In a society that's increasing less tolerant of crime, calls are regularly sent out and political campaigns are based on demands for tougher sentences and for prisons that punish. "Greenfingers" is a refreshing antidote to such mindless chatter. Wearing his heart on his sleeve, Joel Hershman treats us to a movie based on a true story that punctuates the effect of a so-called country club institution on its inmates. "Greenfingers" is upbeat, a feel-good British light comedy with a couple of juxtaposed romances, but the enterprise is as prettified and bland as the lovely Primrose Woodhouse (Natasha Little), one of its rich young characters who inhabits the role of a repressed mama's girl longing for the strong arms of a handsome and unpredictable man.
Taking place in one of Britain's alternative prisons--which houses criminals who are specially chosen by their potential to redeem themselves though convicted of violent crimes like murder and rape--"Greenfingers" focuses on a robust fellow with exquisite leadership possibilities, Colin Briggs (Clive Owen). Jailed for accidentally killing his kid brother whom he had caught in flagrante with his fiance, Colin has spent more than half his life in prison and has given up on himself when by accident, he discovers that he has a green thumb. Having planted violets in a particularly barren little plot of land on the jailhouse grounds, he is as surprised as everyone else that his flowers have bloomed--as he, too, will in this by-the numbers picture which trots out the usual stereotypes.  Encouraged by Fergus to make use of their latent talent, four inmates make their little desert bloom, attracting the attentions of the stuffy horticulturist Georgina Woodhouse (Helen Mirren)--who encourages the men to strive ever onward by entering the annual Hampton Court Palace Flower Show.
Whether or not the men can garner some of the prizes bestowed by the aristocratic judges and hosts of that prestigious show, "Greenfingers" becomes a British version of "Waterboy," cultivated where the Adam Sandler vehicle is vulgar, but calculated and hackneyed nonetheless. Given the astonishing good looks of Clive Owen, this movie could turn out to be a chick flick, bringing in the romantic women to whom it's targeted, but to see Mr. Owen in this after his spellbinding turn in the far more developed "Croupier" is disheartening.
Not Rated. Running time: 90 minutes. (C)2001 by Harvey Karten<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Specific constructions
Core clausal syntax: predicates and their arguments
Predicates
Main predicates in English are most often verbs, but they can also be adjectives, nouns and even adverbs. In UD, predicates are labeled with one of the clausal relations: root
, ccomp
, xcomp
, advcl
, acl
(and its subtypes); or one of the loose-joining relations, conj
and parataxis
, under a head that has a clausal label.
-ROOT- When you work on something that long , it 's impossible not to get attached to it , I think .
advcl(impossible, work)
xcomp(get, attached)
parataxis(get, think)
root(-ROOT-, impossible)
Any dependent that can be said to attach at the clausal level (for example, core arguments, adverbial modifiers, complementizers, or conjoined clauses) will have the predicate word as its head.
UD does not distinguish light verbs from full verbs.
I 'm going to take a nap .
nsubj(take, I)
dobj(take, nap)
Copulas
This is true even in the case of nonverbal predicates, which is a distinguishing feature of Universal Dependencies. This is evident in the UD treatment of copulas.
I think this is very interesting .
ccomp(think, interesting)
nsubj(interesting, this)
Here, the head of this is interesting, because nsubj
-labeled dependents attach at the clausal level, and the head of the lower clause is the adjective interesting. Similarly, it is the predicate that receives the clausal label ccomp
.
In equative uses of copulas, the distinction between predicate ans subject is somewhat arbitrary. In those cases, linear order is used as a cue: the subject is taken to appear first.
In some of these equative uses, the right-hand side may be a clause, finite or not. In those cases, exceptionally, the copular verb is treated as the predicate, and the clause is given attached to it, with the ccomp
label.
-ROOT- The problem is that these sentences are very difficult to analyze .
root(-ROOT-, is)
ccomp(is, difficult)
Nonverbal predicates with no copular verb
The treatment UD adopts for copulas is consistent with its treatment of small clauses. In a surprisingly wide range of constructions in English, a nonverbal predicate forms a constituent with its core arguments without any mediating verb. These constructions are directly parallel to copulas in the UD scheme, since copular verbs do not mediate relations between nonverbal predicates and their dependents.
In some of these constructions, one might argue that there is an ellided copular verb. We make no attempt to represent such a verb, with no cost to the dependency analysis.
Email usually free if you use a wifi connection .
nsubj(free, Email)
If you take him here for shots, no big deal .
advcl(deal, take)
The attack killed 600 Iraqis , most of them women and children .
acl(Iraqis, women)
conj(women, children)
nsubj(women, most)
In other cases, such as the constructions sometimes called absolute, it is harder to argue that there is an ellided verb. The analysis is still parallel to that of other nonverbal predicates, and to that of absolute constructions with nonfinite verbal predicates.
The year was bad news for animals , with many species now close to extinction .
advcl(news, close)
nsubj(close, species)
mark(close, with)
advmod(close, now)
NASA is planning on using these shuttles , with industry forecasters predicting a launch as early as 2014 .
advcl(planning, predicting)
nsubj(predicting, forecasters)
mark(predicting, with)
Core arguments
UD makes a distinction between core arguments and other dependents of predicates. In English, the UD relations that can designate core arguments are nsubj
, nsubjpass
, obj
and iobj
for nominal arguments, and ccomp
, xcomp
, csubj
and csubjpass
for clausal arguments.
nsubj
and nsubjpass
are used for external arguments of any predicate (as in the examples above); the only difference is that nsubjpass
is used in passive-voice clauses.
Unsafe cars sold here !
nsubjpass(sold, cars)
In the above example, it is important to mention that a plausible alternative representation would analyze this as a nominal phrase with a reduced relative. However, when possible, we prefer to choose a predicate as the root of a sentence.
Messages will not be delivered simultaneously .
nsubjpass(delivered, Messages)
Expletives can occur in subject or object position, and are represented with the label expl
.
It is raining .
expl(raining, It)
It was Joseph Goebbels who said that .
expl(Goebbels, It)
I find it best not to think about that .
ccomp(find, think)
expl(find, it)
xcomp(find, best)
Expletives can have a subject-labeled sister.
There is dinner in the fridge .
expl(is, There)
nsubj(is, dinner)
The internal argument labels, obj
and iobj
, are exclusive to verbal predicates and a handful of adjectives (namely: worth, like and unlike, following Huddleston and Pullum (2001)).
The distinction between obj
and iobj
is strictly syntactic; iobj
is reserved for “second objects” with restricted theta-roles, and is relatively rare in English. Only when another internal argument is present can iobj
occur.
They gave me the trip as a gift.
iobj(gave, me)
dobj(gave, trip)
The other internal argument need not be nominal. In English, some verbs can take a nominal complement and a clausal complement together. In the case of these verbs, the nominal complement is always thematically restricted, which suggests it is an iobj
serving as a “second object” to the clausal complement. For that reason, the clausal complement label ccomp
never cooccurs with obj
, but does cooccur with obj
.
I told them that I 'm planning to come visit .
ccomp(told, planning)
iobj(told, them)
However, the same observation does not hold of verbs that take open complements, labeled xcomp
(more on this label below). Those can clearly cooccur with thematically unrestricted objects under some verbs. For that reason, nominal complements cooccuring with xcomp
are uniformly labeled obj
, and never iobj
.
I told them to expect my visit.
dobj(told, them)
xcomp(told, expect)
Clausal core arguments
Like other clausal labels, the clausal core argument labels apply to finite and nonfinite clauses without distinction. (In English xcomp
can only be applied to nonfinite clauses because there is no control into finite clauses; but this is not part of the definition of xcomp
.)
The distinction between csubj
and csubjpass
mirrors that between nsubj
and nsubjpass
.
Islamists may disagree on whether killing innocents is sanctioned by the laws of jihad .
csubjpass(sanctioned, killing)
Whether or not you pick them up again is probably a question of practice .
csubj(question, pick)
The clausal subject labels apply to verbal as well as nonverbal predicates.
On the side is a waste , leave it on the bottom .
csubj(waste, side)
cop(waste, is)
Much like nsubj(pass)
, csubj(pass)
can (and often does) cooccur with an expletive.
It is rare to find a company with such nice workers .
expl(rare, It)
csubj(rare, find)
Clausal core arguments are restricted to verbal and adjectival predicates. Nouns never take clausal core arguments. (See for how to represent clausal dependents of nouns.)
Functional control
The label xcomp
is used for predicates whose external argument is controlled by an argument of a higher clause. This applies in multiple types of constructions (often referred to as “small clauses”): raising, obligatory control, resultatives (obligatory and optional alike) and obligatory depictives.
The cat seems to be in pain .
nsubj(seems, cat)
xcomp(seems, be)
Convince your parents to let you get a pet .
dobj(Convince, parents)
xcomp(Convince, let)
dobj(let, you)
xcomp(let, get)
Put an oily sauce on the food to make it moist .
dobj(make, it)
xcomp(make, moist)
The pond froze solid .
nsubj(froze, pond)
xcomp(froze, solid)
She thinks it looks artistic .
nsubj(looks, it)
xcomp(looks, artistic)
This includes copula-like English verbs such as become, remain.
I became very upset .
nsubj(became, I)
xcomp(became, upset)
Noncore arguments and predicate modifiers
UD marks core arguments, but it does not make a distinction between noncore arguments and modifiers of a predicate. In English, noncore arguments are introduced by prepositions or subordinating conjunctions (which largely overlap with each other). Optional modifiers can also be introduced by such words. In UD, the representation of noncore arguments and predicate modifiers, while distinct from that of core arguments, is uniform. The entire set will be referred to here as noncore dependents.
Noncore dependents are classified by their syntactic properties.  Most of these, in English, are introduced by prepositions.
My parents lived in England in the 1980s .
nmod(lived, England)
nmod(lived, 1980s)
In the example above, note that in England and in the 1980s are annotated with the same label, even though the former is arguably a noncore argument of live, while the latter is certainly not.
Bare nominals receive the label nmod:npmod
, which is an English-specific relation.
I am 3 blocks west of Broadway .
nmod:npmod(west, blocks)
The price of crude oil advanced 53 cents .
nmod:npmod(advanced, cents)
More narrowly, bare nominals denoting a point in time receive the label nmod:tmod
, also English-specific.
The company will be making an announcement this year that formalizes the relationship.
nmod:tmod(company, year)
Clausal noncore dependents, whether finite or nonfinite, receive the label advcl
.
This label can also apply to nonverbal predicates, as shown in this example (repeated from ).
The year was bad news for animals , with many species now close to extinction .
advcl(news, close)
nsubj(close, species)
mark(close, with)
advmod(close, now)
I know what they are , so no suggestions on just going out to buy one .
advcl(know, suggestions)
In the example above, an alternative analysis might represent no suggestions as a nominal dependent. However, we take the presence of so, which usually attaches to predicates, as evidence of clausal status.
Function words attaching to predicates
The labels mark
, aux
, auxpass
and cop
are used for function words that attach to predicates. While in some linguistic theories these are argued to be heads of constituents, in UD they are demoted to dependents of lexical heads, in line with the principle of primacy of content words.
These function words do not normally have dependents, but there are exceptions. They may have word-level dependents; they may also be coordinated (on the surface, due to VP-ellipsis), and have conjunction and conjunct dependents.
We can and will get to the bottom of this .
aux(get, can)
cc(can, and)
conj(can, will)
Unfortunately, not all conjunctions of function words attaching to predicates lend themselves of this analysis, which leads to a lack of parallelism across some constructions. In the following example, the first conjunct receives a promotion-by-head-ellision treatment.
-ROOT- This change has been and will be taken to provide focus for the project .
root(-ROOT-, has)
auxpass(has, been)
cc(has, and)
conj(has, taken)
Complementizers, subordinating conjunctions and the infinitival marker
In English, the label mark
applies uniformly to complementizers, subordinating conjunctions and the infinitival marker.
Remember that the occupation is ephemeral .
mark(ephemeral, that)
They already have rights to take it .
mark(take, to)
Probably just gon na kick it .
mark(kick, na)
This gives the company a way of influencing and anticipating the direction of change .
mark(influencing, of)
A warming of the magnitude predicted is more likely than not to be beneficial .
mark(not, than)
Bush spent little time reviewing capital punishment cases while governor of Texas .
mark(governor, while)
Copular verbs
I think this is very interesting .
ccomp(think, interesting)
nsubj(interesting, this)
The copular verb be is treated as a function word: it is attached to the predicate and labeled cop
, a special label for copular verbs. In English, only be receives this treatment. See for copula-like verbs such as become.
Auxiliaries
Modal and auxiliary verbs are uniformly labeled as aux
or auxpass
in UD, and attached to their main verb. (When there is no main verb, the auxiliary is promoted by head ellision.) This is the case even when there are multiple auxiliaries; rather than chained together to reflect scope properties, they are flatly attached to the main verb.
The auxpass
label applies only to passive auxiliaries.
By that time , Elena 's story would have been revealed to be a fake .
aux(revealed, would)
aux(revealed, have)
auxpass(revealed, been)
The verb get can behave as a passive auxiliary, and when it does, it is annotated as such.
I got put on hold twice .
auxpass(put, got)
nsubjpass(put, I)
Below the clause
Word-level dependents: complex lexical units
While most types of dependents can be said to attach to phrases (i.e., nsubj
dependents attach to verbal phrases; det
dependents attach to noun phrases), some attach only at the word level. These types of dependencies form complex lexical units which then enter, as a composite, dependencies of their own.
Three relations can be used to form complex lexical units. The most straightforward one is goeswith
, which can be used between any two tokens and serves to indicate that, as a result of input error, a single orthographic word is split into two space-separated tokens in the data.
I felt as if I was in an over priced Olive Garden .
goeswith(priced, over)
The other two relations, fixed
and compound
, are more interesting. The main difference between them is that fixed
applies between function words and other function words or lexical words, while compound
applies only between lexical words.
The fixed
relation is used sparingly. In general, the relation is used in grammaticalized uses of two or more function words together, often giving rise to noncompositional meaning. Since words joined by the fixed
relation often have equal claim to the status of head, any such construction is, by convention, head-initial.
How come no one bothers to ask any questions in this section ?
mwe(How, come)
advmod(bothers, How)
I just kind of sat there .
mwe(kind, of)
advmod(sat, kind)
You have to wait , due to financial reasons .
mwe(due, to-7)
case(reasons, due)
When the multiword expression is composed of more than two words, all non-head words attach directly to the head, in a flat structure.
Decisions about what should be annotated as a multiword expression are difficult due to the fact that such expressions exist in a continuous spectrum between phrases built via fully productive rules on the one hand, and fixed lexicalized expressions on the other. A series of criteria can be used to rule out the fixed
label: optionality of one word in the construction; meaning compositionality; availability of variants in which one of the words is substituted.
The compound
relation, on the other hand, can be used freely to represent productive phrase-building. The difference is that compound
is used when a string of words joined together are analyzed as a single lexical unit that behaves as a head (i.e., an X^0 node) rather than as a constituent (i.e., an XP node) in the sentence.
Most of those making charges flip - flopped .
compound(flopped, flip)
The duck breast was really good .
compound(breast, duck)
There is a pool for the potty - trained children .
compound(trained, potty)
A distinguished type of compound is the English particle verb. Particles that combine with verbs receive the language-specific label compound:prt
.
What time are you going to pick me up ?
compound:prt(pick, up)
Unlike multiword expressions, compounds can have inner structure, when appropriate.
The therapeutic agents under discussion include oolong tea extract .
compound(tea, oolong)
compound(extract, tea)
The nominal domain: nominal and prepositional phrases
Nominal and prepositional phrases are uniformly organized around their nominal lexical head in UD. In addition to their argument roles, labeled nsubj
, nsubjpass
, obj
and iobj
, nominal phrases can have roles as noncore dependents. In these roles, they are labeled nmod
(and subtypes). Commonly, noncore dependents are realized as prepositional phrases.
Prepositions
Within prepositional phrases, prepositions are represented as dependents of their complements and labeled case
.
Foz on the Brazilian side is the larger town.
nmod(Foz, side)
case(side, on)
Convert into DVD .
nmod(Convert, DVD)
case(DVD, into)
Nested prepositional phrases are also organized around the single lexical head, in a flat representation parallel to that of verb groups.
She ran out of the room .
nmod(ran, room)
case(room, of)
case(room, out)
Possessives
The label case
is also used for the genitive ’s in English. The genitive nominal phrase receives the language-specific label nmod:poss
.
Tomorrow is Mother 's Day .
nmod:poss(Mother, Day)
case(Mother, 's)
The nmod:poss
label is also used for possessive determiners.
That 's your prerogative .
nmod:poss(prerogative, your)
This possessive modifier analysis is also used for genitives attaching to gerunds.
I appreciate your coming here .
nmod:poss(coming, your)
Determiners
In addition to case
, the label det
and its language-specific extension det:predet
also designate function-word dependents of nominal heads. These labels are used for determiners: definite and indefinite articles, demonstrative determiners, quantifiers such as all
, some
, every
and each
.
I did find this website .
det(website, this)
Floating quantifiers are attached to the nominal head they modify.
The five companies that made the short list all proposed structural changes .
det(companies, all)
In some English constructions, pronouns can cooccur with nominal heads and exhibit determiner-like behavior. In those constructions, these pronouns are annotated as det
.

All the girls were totally shocked .
det(girls, the)
det:predet(girls, All)
What an amazing group !
det:predet(group, What)
det(group, an)
The label can only apply when det
is also present.
All girls were totally shocked .
det(girls, All)
Determiners with negative meaning receive the label neg
instead of det
.
I have no inside information .
neg(information, no)
Appositives
Optional modifiers: adverbial and adjectival phrases
Both predicates and nominals can be modified by optional phrases – adverbial and adjectival, respectively. Again, a distinction is made between clausal and nonclausal dependents. Adverbial clauses are labeled advcl
. Adjectival clauses (of which relative clauses are a subtype) are labeled acl
. Nonclausal adverbials are labeled advmod
, and nonclausal adjectivals are labeled amod
.
Clausal modifiers of nouns
Relative clauses are the canonical case of clausal modifiers of nouns, and they receive a special language-specific label, acl:relcl
. In these clauses, the relative pronoun is analyzed in the function it takes in the lower clause, as illustrated here by that, labeled nsubj
, and which, labeled nmod
.
These links present the many viewpoints that existed .
acl:relcl(viewpoints, existed)
nsubj(existed, that)
Archibald says the frequency with which the subject was discussed was off-putting .
acl:relcl(frequency, discussed)
nmod(discussed, which)
case(which, with)
The acl:relcl
relation is also used in free relatives; see the section on free relatives.
Relatives clauses are not, however, the only type of clausal modifiers of nouns. For one example, reduced relative clauses are not typed acl:relcl
, but rather acl
.
There are many online sites offering booking facilities .
acl(sites, offering)
I have a parakeet named cookie .
acl(parakeet, named)
Additionally, many optional clausal dependents on nominals receive the acl
label.
These are the issues as I see them .
acl(issues, see)
I just want a simple way to get my discount .
acl(way, get)
Depictives are also represented with the acl
relation.
Quantifier phrases
The notion of quantifier phrase is applied loosely here to a variety of structures that modify nominals. The simplest type is probably simple numerical adjectives, which are labeled nummod
.
I don 't want to spend more than 20 dollars .
nummod(dollars, 20)
Often some form of modification is applied to these numerical dependents, in the form of expressions such as more than (which is considered a multiword expression), about, over. These are analyzed as dependents of the numerical modifier, forming a complex quantifier phrase.
I don 't want to spend more than 20 dollars .
nummod(dollars, 20)
advmod(20, more)
mwe(more, than)
Ranges are also treated as numerical dependents. Note that in this case the dash - is represented as a preposition, because it is a functional equivalent of to (as becomes clear from the fact that it is normally read that way).
In just 2 - 3 focused lessons , you will be ready .
nummod(lessons, 2)
nmod(2, 3)
case(3,-)
Beyond the clause
Beyond core clausal structures, there are many linguistic constructions, usually with discourse functions, that need to be represented in a complete dependency tree. Additionally, complex structures such as coordination and juxtaposition of structures in the same ortographical sentence need to be analyzed. Finally, written communication includes a wealth of information that is structured by rules that exist at the fringes of (or perhaps outside) the grammar of a language. In order to provide a complete representation, we integrate even that information into syntax trees, leading to some special dependency labels, and some peculiar annotation conventions.
Discourse-level dependents
UD introduces two special relations for discourse-level dependents: discourse
, which is used to type a limited range of discourse markers, and the informatively named vocative
, which is used for vocatives. These always attach to predicates, not because they modify them directly, but to express the fact that they have the highest-possible level of attachment.
Malach , what say makes sense .
vocative(Malach, makes)
Okay , it 's partly about strippers .
discourse(strippers, Okay)
Morcillas is coagulated blood from animals , ewww .
discourse(blood, ewww)
Can somebody please list ALL the food ?
discourse(list, please)
Of course you can .
discourse(can, Of)
mwe(Of, course)
Coordination and loose joining
Coordination is, in a sense, below as well as beyond the clause, since it can occur at any level. But that property is exactly what distinguishes it, and justifies placing it outside of core clausal syntax.
The difficulty of representing coordination, which is symmetrical, with an inherently-asymmetric dependency representation is well-known. UD makes no attempt to disguise this, and adopts first conjuncts, by convention, as the heads of coordinated phrases. Any other conjuncts and conjunctions are attached to that first conjunct.
The elated bride and groom danced and sang songs .
cc(bride, and-4)
conj(bride, groom)
cc(danced, and-7)
conj(danced, sang)
amod(bride, elated)
dobj(sang, songs)
This creates some ambiguities: it is not possible to tell, from the representation alone, whether elated modified bride only, or bride and groom. Conversely, it is clear that songs is an object only of sang, since it attaches to that verb directly rather than to the head of the conjunction, which is danced. A change in the ordering of these constituents can introduce that ambiguity.
The elated bride and groom sang songs and danced .
cc(sang, and)
conj(sang, danced)
dobj(sang, songs)
Another (much less frequent) difficulty is the representation of nested coordinations, which is not always possible. In the following example, the heterogeneous coordination of incarcerated, on probation and on parole forms a complex predicate for the first verbal phrase in this sentence. That first VP is then itself coordinated with once were in one of those categories. The fact that there are two levels of coordination does not come through in the UD representation.
Approximately 10 million Americans are incarcerated , on probation , on parole , or once were in one of those categories ?
cop(incarcerated, are)
conj(incarcerated, probation)
conj(incarcerated, parole)
conj(incarcerated, one)
cop(were, one)
nmod(one, categories)
The auxiliaries have and be occasionally appear outside of coordinated predicates having a different function with respect to each predicate, as shown below. In such cases, we annotate the verb only as a dependent of the first conjunct.
The toilet seat was peeling and rough .
conj(peeling, rough)
cc(peeling, and)
nsubj(peeling, seat)
aux(peeling, was)
In this sentence, was is also a cop
dependent of rough, but that edge is not represented.
Conjunctions
Loose joining: parataxis and list
Special annotation conventions
Dates, times, addresses
Contact information
Itemizations
Specific constructions
Unpronounced material
VP ellipsis (and related)
While auxiliaries are normally not analyzed as being heads, when a verb has been elided from VP ellipsis, the auxiliary inherits the head-status. This includes the to nonfinite auxiliary.
Mary did n't leave , John did
parataxis(leave, did-7)
nsubj(did-7, John)
So please update whatever you need to
dobj(update, whatever)
acl:relcl(whatever, need)
xcomp(need, to)
Similarly, when a preposition is stranded in a passive construction, the preposition receives the nmod
label on account of lacking a nominal head.
That matter was talked about in detail already
nmod(talked, about)
Gapping / Stripping
In ‘gapping’ constructions, where the head of a clause has been elided but two arguments that contrast with arguments in the antecedent clause remain, and ‘stripping’ constructions, where the head of a clause has been elided but one contrasting argument and one polarity adverbial such as not or only remain, the orphan
relation is used between the remaining constituents and the words they contrast with:
it took another 20 mins to get our orders and a further 45 mins till our starters landed on our table.
cc(took, and)
remnant(mins-5, mins-14)
remnant(get-7, landed-18)
" Commander in Chief " does n't mean that he is the boss of the military , merely that he is the Administrator
remnant(n't, merely)
remnant(boss, Administrator)
He 's not against gays in the bedroom , just at the altar
remnant(not, just)
remnant(bedroom, altar)
When an argument is ‘sprouted’–present in the second clause with no antecedent–it depends on the head of the antecedent clause.
" Commander in Chief " means that he is the Administrator of the military , not the boss
remnant(means, not)
remnant(Administrator, boss)
Right-node raising
In right-node raising constructions where the head of the left conjunct has been elided under identity with the head of the second conjunct, the right conjunct undergoes “promotion by head elision”, and gains the label that would be assigned to the head if it had been present.
-ROOT- Iguazu is a big or a small country ?
root(-ROOT-, big)
cc(big, or)
conj(big, country)
-ROOT- I have never been and I will never be a government official
root(-ROOT-, been)
neg(been, never-4)
aux(been, have)
nsubj(been, I-2)
cc(been, and)
neg(official, never-9)
aux(official, will)
nsubj(official, I-7)
conj(been, official)
Marginal disfluencies
In informal language usage, nonstandard constructions and disfluencies sometimes arise. When this involves a gapping-like construction–with one or more contrasting arguments that depend on an absent head–the remnant relation should be used.
The letters were to different AMI publications -- one to the National Enquirer and another to The Sun
cc(were, --)
remnant(--, and)
remnant(letters, one)
remnant(publications, Enquirer)
remnant(one, another)
remnant(Enquirer, Sun)
If, however, the second clause is largely unparallel to the first clause, a different relation should be used (conj
or parataxis
if the smaller clause is not obviously modifying the larger one, acl
or advcl
otherwise)
Too bad you wo n't make the Compaq thing , but maybe next year
conj(make, year)
cc(make, but)
31 -- Number of Bush administration employees ... ( includes four cabinet secretaries , the six most powerful ... )
acl(Number, includes)
Resultatives and depictives
Resultatives
Resultatives–predicate arguments of verbs that indicate how another argument of the verb has changed–are considered to be arguments, and therefore receive the xcomp
relation instead of a modifier one.
-ROOT- He painted the barn red .
root(-ROOT-, painted)
dobj(painted, barn)
xcomp(painted, red)
-ROOT- He made them martyrs .
root(-ROOT-, made)
dobj(made, them)
xcomp(made, martyrs)
-ROOT- The terrorists stormed the church and took the priests hostage
root(-ROOT-, stormed)
conj(stormed, took)
dobj(took, priests)
xcomp(took, hostage)
Depictives
[<!> May be subject to change]
Depictives are generally subject-less modifiers of predicates–consequently, they should be analyzed using the advmod
relation.
I still remember him stuttering about " the general " , unable to remember Musharraf 's name
advmod(stuttering, unable)
You can rest assured that it 's not going to go away
advmod(rest, assured)
ccomp(assured, going)
Find attached resume and cover letter
advmod(Find, attached)
dobj(Find, resume)
Attached please find resume and cover letter
advmod(find, Attached)
dobj(find, resume)
Elk in Yellowstone used to browse unmolested
advmod(browse, unmolested)
Tough-constructions
Clauses with expletives
In constructions without any dislocation, of the form it is adj to pred, the it is an expl
, meaning that the lower predicate must be a csubj
.
-ROOT- It 's hard to make money in this economy
root(-ROOT-, hard)
expl(hard, It)
cop(hard, 's)
csubj(hard, make)
This construction can optionally occur with for and a subject; in this case, there are two possible analyses. If the subject is interpreted as experiencing the adjective predicate in some way, then it analysed as an nmod
on the higher predicate; otherwise, it is analyzed as being exclusively the subject of the lower clause, and the for is analyzed as being a mark
.
-ROOT- It was hard for me to solve this problem.
root(-ROOT-, hard)
expl(hard, It)
nmod(hard, me)
case(me, for)
csubj(hard, solve)
-ROOT- It was helpful for John to solve this problem for us.
root(-ROOT-, helpful)
expl(helpful, It)
csubj(helpful, solve)
nsubj(solve, John)
mark(solve, for)
Fronting in tough-constructions
When the subject is not an argument of the higher clause, then the lower clause can displace the expletive.
-ROOT- For John to solve this problem for us was helpful
root(-ROOT-, helpful)
csubj(helpful, solve)
nsubj(solve, John)
mark(solve, For)
When the subject is an argument of the higher clause, the lower verb phrase (in its gerund form) or its object (in its nominative form) can be fronted, displacing the expletive and maintaining its csubj
label. In the latter case, the clause is no longer a csubj
, being instead analyzed as an xcomp
.
-ROOT- Solving this problem was hard for me
root(-ROOT-, hard)
nmod(hard, me)
case(me, for)
csubj(hard, Solving)
-ROOT- This problem was hard for me to solve
root(-ROOT-, hard)
nmod(hard, me)
case(me, for)
nsubj(hard, problem)
xcomp(hard, solve)
Dependency-introducing Adverbs
Comparatives
Canonical comparatives are introduced using a comparative adverb (such as more, less, or as) depending on an adjective, and either a clause or prepositional phrase marked with than, which also depends on the adjective. In the clausal case, this normally means that the comparing clause is headed by an auxiliary or copula that has been “promoted by head elision”.
Natália is much more intelligent than me
advmod(more, much)
advmod(intelligent, more)
nmod(intelligent, me)
case(me, than)
Natália is much more intelligent than I am
advmod(more, much)
advmod(intelligent, more)
advcl(intelligent, am)
mark(am, than)
In many cases, the initial comparative adverb has been dropped or incorporated into the adjective.
Natália is much smarter than I am
advmod(smarter, much)
advcl(smarter, am)
mark(am, than)
When the quantity of a noun is being compared, the same rules apply. Normally modifiers of nouns are deemed amod
s, but in this construction the comparative marker is an advmod
in all cases.
Natália has more brains than me
dobj(has, brains)
advmod(brains, more)
nmod(brains, me)
case(me, than)
More than and less than–when not used synonymously with over and under in quantity expressions–complicate matters slightly, since the comparative adverb is being used without the head that it modifies. We use a “promotion by head elision” solution, making the dependent into the head when the head is absent.
All my neighbors have more than I do
dobj(have, more)
mark(do, than)
acl(more, do)
When predicates are compared to predicates or modifiers are compared to modifiers, the comparing phrase is always labeled as an advcl
.
That question was far more hurtful than tactful
advmod(more, far)
advmod(hurtful, more)
advcl(hurtful, tactful)
mark(tactful, than)
It 's more likely than not to be beneficial .
advmod(likely, more)
advcl(likely, not)
mark(not, than)
xcomp(likely, beneficial)
When a noun phrase is used to restrict the meaning of a comparative, it gets the npmod
dependency label.
Natália is about three times more intelligent than me .
advmod(three, about)
nummod(times, three)
npmod(more, times)
advmod(intelligent, more)
nmod(intelligent, me)
case(me, than)
Some birds are laying eggs four to seven days earlier than they did 25 years ago .
nummod(days, four)
nmod(four, seven)
case(seven, to)
npmod(earlier, days)
advmod(laying, earlier)
advcl(earlier, did)
mark(did, than)
The more, the merrier
In English there exists a very peculiar correlative construction exemplified in the sentences the more, the merrier and the faster, the better. Even though both parts of the construction seem equal, suggesting a paratactic relationship between them, it is possible to have the second half be a standard finite clause while the first half remains unchanged, suggesting that the first is actually an adverbial clause depending on the second. For example, the sentence The angrier he became, the funnier it got can be rephrased as It got funnier the angrier he became, suggesting the following structure:
The more , the merrier
advcl(merrier, more)
The word the in this construction is not serving its usual purpose as definite article (and in fact, historically the construction required it to be in the instrumental case, rather than in a case dictated by the grammatical function of the word it modified), so instead of labeling it det
we choose to label it mark
.
The more , the merrier
advcl(merrier, more)
mark(more, The)
mark(merrier, the)
The comparative morpheme or adjective can be followed by a clause as well, such as “the more people that show up, the merrier the party will be”. Because the word that can intervene between the comparative word, the strcuture seems most consistent with a relative clause depending on the comparative, so we analyze it as such.
The angrier that he became , the funnier that it got .
mark(angrier, The)
relcl(angrier, became)
advmod(became, that-3)
nsubj(became, he)
mark(funnier, the-7)
relcl(funnier, that-9)
aux(that-9, got)
nsubj(that-9, it)
The sentence so far, so good should receive the same kind of analysis.
So far , so good
mark(far, So)
mark(good, so)
advcl(good, far)
Similar constructions
A non-exhaustive list of constructions with analyses very similar to the analysis of standard comparatives.
X enough to/that…
This drink is strong enough to knock out an elephant
advmod(strong, enough)
advcl(strong, knock)
mark(knock, to)
-ROOT- For now it was enough that he had learned his lesson .
root(-ROOT-, enough)
cop(enough, was)
advcl(enough, learned)
So many… that…
-ROOT- There are so many things to do that you wo n't use your room for much more than sleeping .
root(-ROOT-, things)
amod(things, many)
advmod(many, so)
acl(things, do)
acl(things, use)
mark(use, that)
Too X to…
This problem was too hard to do .
advmod(hard-5, too-4)
advcl(hard-5, do-7)
mark(do-7, to-6)
Such… that…
The stock would come public at such a ridiculously high price that it would be too hard for investors to make a profit
advmod(price, such)
acl(price, hard)
mark(hard, that)
Free relatives
Basic analysis
In the canonical case, wh-clauses function as interrogative clauses or as adverbial clauses. In these cases, the head of the wh-clause is taken to be the verb, and the wh-word is assigned the label corresponding to its grammatical function in the wh-clause:
I need to know who you are planning to leave with .
nmod(leave, who)
case(who, with)
ccomp(know, leave)
When you leave , be sure to let me know .
advmod(leave, When)
advcl(sure, leave)
In free relative constructions, the wh-clause functions as an argument in the higher clause. In these cases, the wh-phrase is deemed the head of the construction, thereby receiving a dependency relation reflective of its function in the higher clause, and the rest of the wh-clause is an acl:relcl
dependent on it.
I 'll have whatever she 's having .
dobj(have, whatever)
acl:relcl(whatever, having)
I love how well everyone behaved .
dobj(love, well)
advmod(well, how)
acl:relcl(well, behaved)
This analysis is also extended to cleft constructions.
-ROOT- John is who we want to help .
root(-ROOT-, who)
nsubj(who, John)
acl:relcl(who, want)
cop(who, is)
-ROOT- It 's John who we want to help .
expl(who, It)
root(-ROOT-, who)
nsubj(who, John)
acl:relcl(who, want)
cop(who, 's)
-ROOT- What the committee hopes to learn is why all these events transpired .
nsubj(why, What)
acl:relcl(What, hopes)
cop(why, is)
acl:relcl(why, transpired)
nsubj(transpired, events)
root(-ROOT-, why)
The phrase no matter is analyzed as taking a obj
complement in, e.g., no matter the cost. When it takes free relative object, that object is also analyzed according to the rules above.
No matter what progress we make as individuals, we will never achieve real health until ...
neg(matter, No)
npmod(achieve, matter)
dobj(matter, progress)
det(progress, what)
acl:relcl(make, progress)
Cyclic cases
In some cases, the wh-phrase would be analyzed as the head of the wh-clause. For example, in the sentence I love how appreciative everyone was, the word appreciative would normally be a predicative head (since the verb was is a copula and would receive the cop
relation). Since appreciative cannot be an acl:relcl
dependent on itself, the auxiliary is promoted to the head of the relative clause and assigned the acl:relcl
relation.
I love how appreciative everyone was .
dobj(love, appreciative)
acl:relcl(appreciative, was)
advmod(how, appreciative)
This is the key to how worthy the effort might be .
nmod(key, worthy)
case(worthy, to)
advmod(worthy, how)
acl:relcl(worthy, be)


From wireframes and a prestudy I created a visual design for a meeting place for sailers and sailing associations on the web. Sailing associations can arrange and share sailing events. I received guiding from the talented designer Mathias at Precio Fishbone, where I did the project. The design was sent in as an example to the client in a consultancy firm competition.


public interface IWindow
A window must be created by using create()
before any methods are called on it.
In addition, certain methods may only be called if the window is visible.
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
create()
Creates this window as a native window.
|
void |
destroy()
Destroys this window as a native window.
|
void |
detachContext()
Detaches any native window context from the calling thread.
|
int |
getAttribute(int attribute) |
long |
getCurrentMonitor()
Returns the monitor this window is currently on, on a best-guess basis.
|
int |
getFrameBufferHeight() |
int |
getFrameBufferWidth() |
int |
getHeight() |
long |
getId() |
int |
getInputMode(int mode) |
long |
getMonitor() |
int |
getPositionX() |
int |
getPositionY() |
int |
getSwapInterval() |
String |
getTitle() |
int |
getWidth() |
void |
hide()
Makes this window invisible.
|
boolean |
isBorderless() |
boolean |
isFullscreen() |
boolean |
isVisible() |
void |
makeContextCurrent()
Makes the context of this window current on the calling thread.
|
void |
removeWindowIcon()
Removes the icon for this window.
|
void |
setAttribute(int attribute,
int value)
Sets the value for the given attribute of this window.
|
void |
setBorderless()
Sets this window to borderless fullscreen mode on the current monitor as specified by
getCurrentMonitor() . |
void |
setBorderless(long monitor)
Sets this window to borderless fullscreen mode on the given monitor.
|
void |
setFullscreen()
Sets this window to fullscreen mode on the current monitor as specified by
getCurrentMonitor() . |
void |
setFullscreen(long monitor)
Sets this window to fullscreen mode on the given monitor.
|
void |
setInputMode(int mode,
int value)
Sets the value for the given input mode of this window.
|
void |
setMonitor(long monitor)
Sets the monitor configuration of this window to the given monitor, while keeping all sane values from the current configuration.
|
void |
setMonitor(long monitor,
int xpos,
int ypos,
int width,
int height,
int refreshRate)
Sets the monitor configuration of this window to the given values.
|
void |
setPosition(int x,
int y)
Sets the position of this window to the given position in screen coordinates.
|
void |
setSize(int width,
int height)
Sets the size of this window to the given size in screen coordinates.
|
void |
setSwapInterval(int interval)
Sets the buffer swap interval for this window.
|
void |
setTitle(String title)
Sets the title of this window to the given title.
|
void |
setWindowed()
Sets this window to windowed mode, using the last known position and size.
|
void |
setWindowed(int x,
int y,
int width,
int height)
Sets this window to windowed mode, using the given size and position in screen coordinates.
|
void |
setWindowed(long monitor,
int width,
int height)
Sets this window to windowed mode, using the given size in screen coordinates and while moving it to the top-left corner of the given monitor.
|
void |
setWindowIcon(int width,
int height,
ByteBuffer pixels)
Sets the icon for this window to the given bitmap.
|
boolean |
shouldClose()
Returns whether the user has requested for this window to close.
|
void |
show()
Makes this window visible.
|
void |
swapBuffers()
Requests for the frame buffers of this window to be swapped.
|
void create()
This should always be the first call on this object.
void show()
Note that certain methods may only be called if the window is visible.
void hide()
Note that certain methods may only be called if the window is visible.
void destroy()
This method should be called to free any resources used by this window.
boolean shouldClose()
void makeContextCurrent()
A context must only be current on a single thread a a time and each thread can have only a single current context at a time.
void detachContext()
void swapBuffers()
setSwapInterval(int)
long getId()
WindowException
- If this window has not been initialized by create()
.int getWidth()
getFrameBufferWidth()
int getHeight()
getFrameBufferHeight()
int getPositionX()
int getPositionY()
String getTitle()
long getMonitor()
int getSwapInterval()
int getInputMode(int mode)
mode
- int getAttribute(int attribute)
attribute
- int getFrameBufferWidth()
int getFrameBufferHeight()
boolean isVisible()
boolean isFullscreen()
boolean isBorderless()
long getCurrentMonitor()
As a general rule that will be the monitor on which this window covers the most area on.
void setSize(int width, int height)
width
- height
- void setPosition(int x, int y)
x
- y
- void setTitle(String title)
title
- void setMonitor(long monitor)
monitor
- void setMonitor(long monitor, int xpos, int ypos, int width, int height, int refreshRate)
monitor
- xpos
- ypos
- width
- height
- refreshRate
- void setSwapInterval(int interval)
The interval specifies the minimum number of screen updates to wait for until the buffers are swapped. This is also called vertical synchronization.
interval
- void setInputMode(int mode, int value)
mode
- value
- void setAttribute(int attribute, int value)
attribute
- value
- void setWindowIcon(int width, int height, ByteBuffer pixels)
width
- height
- pixels
- void removeWindowIcon()
void setWindowed()
Generally the last known position and size are from when the screen mode was previously switched to something other than windowed.
void setWindowed(long monitor, int width, int height)
monitor
- width
- height
- void setWindowed(int x, int y, int width, int height)
x
- y
- width
- height
- void setFullscreen()
getCurrentMonitor()
.void setFullscreen(long monitor)
monitor
- void setBorderless()
getCurrentMonitor()
.void setBorderless(long monitor)
monitor
-


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BOOKING POLICY
Definitions
"Guest" means any person with whom Service Provider contracts for the provision of Arrangement Services (Accommodation providers, like Hostel, PG, Flats and any other such accommodation type.) by Service Provider or with whom Service Provider contracts, as agent for a Third Party Supplier for the provision of Accommodation Services. References to “you”, “your” etc., are references to the Guest, authorized representatives of the Guest or those for whom Accommodation is requested by the Guest. "Arrangement Services" means Service Provider's services in recommending, booking and/or otherwise arranging, negotiating and reporting of the supply of Accommodation Services by Third Party Suppliers to the Guest including without limitation the provision of Online Booking Services. "Third Party Suppliers" means any third parties who supply any Accommodation Services to the Guest. The identity of the relevant Third Party Supplier for an Accommodation Service will be communicated to the Guest by Service Provider. “Accommodation Services” means accommodation, booking, lodging, habitation, dwelling or here Hostel, PG, Flats and any other form of accommodations, other related Accommodation services. “Online Booking Services” means any system provided by Service Provider to enable the Guest to make online bookings for Accommodation Services.
General
a) These conditions shall be deemed to be incorporated into all contracts for Arrangement Services made by Service Provider with the Guest to the exclusion of all other terms and conditions and all work was undertaken by Service Provider shall be deemed to be carried out on the terms of these conditions unless otherwise expressly agreed in writing by Service Provider.
b) Service Provider shall provide such Arrangement Services to the Guest and organize such Accommodation Services for the Guest as may be requested by the Guest and agreed by Service Provider from time to time.
c) When taking bookings for or otherwise arranging Accommodation Services Service Provider will be acting as a disclosed agent and the relevant Third Party Supplier will be responsible for providing the Accommodation Services to the Guest. Service Provider will not be responsible for any default or failure in any supply by any Third Party Supplier or for any loss, claim, cost, damage or injury incurred by the Guest (directly or indirectly) as a result of the acts or omissions of the Third Party Supplier.
d) By making a booking, the Guest will be entering into a legally binding contract with the relevant Third Party Supplier in respect of the Accommodation Services to be provided by such Third Party Supplier. The contract for the Accommodation Services will be subject to the terms and conditions of that Third Party Supplier (copies of which are available to the Guest on request) and the Guest will be bound by such terms and conditions.
e) No Guest or any other third party will have any rights against Service Provider except as set forth.
Fees and Payment
a) The Guest shall pay to Service Provider on demand all costs, fees, taxes etc as mentioned on the service provider website which is roommate.techmihirnaik.in, as invoiced by Service Provider to the Guest in respect of any Arrangement Services and any Accommodation Services in accordance with the payment terms set out in such invoice or otherwise agreed by Service Provider.
b) Service Provider reserves the right to request advance payment for Arrangement Services and/or Accommodation Services.
c) A convenience fee will be payable by the Guest at Service Provider’s standard rate for any costs incurred by Service Provider if payments are made by credit card/debit card/or any other minimal transactional charges.
Booking terms, amendments or cancellations
a) The Guest is responsible for the accuracy of all data supplied to Service Provider or any Third Party Suppliers including without limitation any information entered using the Online Booking Services. In the event that such information is found to be incorrect additional costs may apply to correct such data. Details of such additional costs are available upon request.
b) Service Provider reserves the right to charge an administration fee of for amendments or cancellations of any bookings in a case where the refund policy terms are not met, including where no additional documentation is required.
c) The Guest acknowledges that the Accommodation Services may be subject to cancellation by the Third Party Supplier without prior notice. The Guest is responsible for checking and complying with the specific change or cancellation terms for the Guest’s bookings.
d) While Service Provider will make commercially reasonable efforts to assist those making or arranging bookings on behalf of the Guest in complying with the Guest’s Accommodation policy, it is the responsibility of the Guest to ensure that all those making or arranging bookings on its behalf comply with its Accommodation policy.
e) If the Guest requires a purchase order number or similar payment code or any other transactional ID to be provided when a booking is made, it is the responsibility of the service provider and the accommodation third-party services provider to ensure that such number is provided and that is it accurate. The Guest shall be required to pay in full all invoices and charges for bookings which have been made even if a valid purchase order or similar payment code was not provided at the time of booking like a refundable security deposit at the time of check-in.
Late Payments
In the event that any sums due by the Guest to Service Provider are not paid when due then, without prejudice to any other remedies of Service Provider, Service Provider may at any time:
a) Suspend all or part of the provision of the Accommodation Services to the Guest; and/or
b) Cancel (without any liability to the guest) any bookings for Accommodation Services made on behalf of the Guest in respect of which payment is outstanding, with any cancellation fees incurred as a result thereof being for the account of the Guest.
Liability
a) Subject to Clause 6(b), in the event of a claim by the Guest in respect of the supply of the Arrangement Services or any other liability whatsoever for which Service Provider is responsible in law, Service Provider's liability in any event shall not exceed the total amount paid or payable by the Guest to Service Provider by way of fees for the supply of the Arrangement Services concerned and the associated Accommodation Services.
b) Service Provider shall incur no liability whatsoever to the Guest in respect of any indirect, special, consequential, punitive or other damages (howsoever incurred).
c) Service Provider shall not be liable to the Guest for any default or failure in any supply by any Third Party Supplier or for any loss, claim, cost, damage or injury incurred by the Guest (directly or indirectly) as a result of the acts or omissions of the Third Party Supplier.
Insurance
The Host acknowledges and agrees that it is reasonable and prudent for the Host to put in place a policy of insurance in respect of any loss, claim, cost, damage or injury incurred in connection with the Accommodation Services or any Accommodation resulting therefrom. Service Provider shall make commercially reasonable efforts to assist the Host in obtaining such a policy of insurance from an insurer on payment of the appropriate premium.
Waiver
No delay or failure to take action under these Standard Terms and Conditions shall constitute any waiver by Service Provider of any provision of these Standard Terms and Conditions.
Variation
Service Provider reserves the right to review and adjust all elements of fees without prior notice to take account of (but not limited to) inflation, increased charges, costs, or changes to terms and conditions by Third Party Suppliers or other parties that may impact on us.
Data Protection
a) In providing Accommodation Services to the Guest, Service Provider may collect and process personal data (including names, contact details, credit card details, and/or dietary requirements) relating to the guest in order to make bookings for Accommodation Services with Third Party Suppliers.
b) The Guest acknowledges that in order to make a booking with Third Party Suppliers, Service Provider may transfer to, and store personal data and the Guest consents to Service Provider transferring and storing personal data in this way.
c) A copy of the personal data which Service Provider holds about the Guest is making Accommodation arrangements can be requested by the Guest at any time.
d) The Guest acknowledges that Service Provider may transfer the Guest’s data (including personal data) to Third Party Suppliers and that any use of such data by the Third Party Suppliers will be in accordance with their terms and conditions and outside of Service Provider’s control.
Confidentiality
a) Each party undertakes to the other to keep confidential all information (written, oral, or in electronic form) concerning the business, business systems, methodologies, and affairs of the other that it shall have obtained or received as a result of the provision of Arrangement Services or Accommodation Services (“Confidential Information”).
b) Notwithstanding the above, the parties may disclose Confidential Information to i) their parent company or subsidiary and their officers, directors, employees and professional advisers (including auditors), ii) where requested or required by any court of competent jurisdiction or any competent judicial, governmental, supervisory or regulatory body or iii) with the prior written consent of the other party.
c) The Third Party suppliers shall use the Confidential Information (agreements, guest details, tariff rates, terms and conditions, policies, business models etc.) provided by the service provider only pursuant to this Agreement and in connection only with the Purpose as contemplated herein and not otherwise appropriate such Confidential Information to its own use or to the use of any other person or entity;
d) The Third Party supplier shall not disclose the Confidential Information to any person except to its employees, on a ‘need to know basis’, who prior to the disclosure or access to any such Confidential Information agree in writing to receive it under terms, at least, as restrictive as those specified in this Agreement and the third party supplier shall forward such agreement to the service provider.
e) The Third Party supplier shall use utmost degree of care and shall employ strict security systems and procedures in safeguarding Confidential Information of the service provider and preventing theft, piracy, copying, duplication, unauthorized use, exhibition of the Confidential Information and / or infringement and / or violation of the service provider’s rights in the Confidential Information. In particular, the third party supplier shall immediately bring to the notice of the service provider in writing any such unauthorized use or disclosure of the Confidential Information and assist the service provider in remedying such unauthorized use or disclosure of the Confidential Information. 12. Jurisdiction and Governing Law
These terms and conditions, any supply of the Arrangement Services to the Guest and any contracts between Service Provider and the Guest shall be governed by the laws of Union of India and shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of Ahmedabad within the State of Gujarat, without prejudice to the right of Service Provider to seek recovery of any sums due from the Guest before any court of competent jurisdiction.
Force Majeure
techmihirnaik Group shall not be responsible or liable for any delay or failure to perform its obligations (other than an obligation to make payment) under this Agreement due to unforeseen circumstances or any event which is beyond the service provider’s reasonable control and without its fault or negligence, but not limited to, acts of God, war, riots, embargoes, strikes, lockouts, acts of any Government authority, delays in obtaining licenses or rejection of applications under the Statutes, failure of network connections or power failure, fire or floods.
Guest Refund Policy
These terms and conditions govern Roommate’s policy for Guest refunds (“Guest Refund Policy”) and the obligations of the Host associated with the Guest Refund Policy. The Guest Refund Policy applies in addition to Roommate’s Terms and Conditions (hereinafter referred to as Roommate Terms). The Guest Refund Policy is available to Guests who book and pay for an Accommodation through the Roommate Platform and suffer a Travel Issue (as defined below). The Guest’s rights under this Guest Refund Policy will supersede the Host’s cancellation policy. By using the Roommate Platform as a Host or Guest, you are indicating that you have read and that you understand and agree to be bound by this Guest Refund Policy.
Travel Issue
“Travel Issue” means any one of the following:
(a) the Host of the Accommodation (i) cancels a booking shortly before the scheduled start of the booking, or (ii) fails to provide the Guest with the reasonable ability to access the Accommodation (e.g. does not provide the keys and/or a security code or access to the booked rooms or space).
(b) The Listing’s description or depiction of the Accommodation is materially inaccurate with respect to:
• The size of the Accommodation (e.g., number and size of the bedroom, bathroom and/or other rooms),
• Whether the booking for the Accommodation is for a private room or shared room, and whether another party, including the Host, is staying at the Accommodation during the booking,
• Special amenities or features represented in the Listing are not provided or do not function, such as decks, bathrooms (toilet/shower/bathtub), kitchen (sink/stove/refrigerator or major other appliances), and electrical, heating or air condition systems), Wi-Fi or any other mentioned services.
• The physical location of the Accommodation (proximity).
(c) At the start of the Guest’s booking, the Accommodation:
(i) Is not generally clean and sanitary (ii) Contains safety or health hazards that would be reasonably expected to adversely affect the Guest’s stay at the Accommodation in Roommate’s judgment, (iii) Does not contain clean bedding and bathroom towels available for the Guest’s use, or (iv) Has vermin or contains pets not disclosed in the Listing.
The Guest Refund Policy
If you are a Guest and suffer a Travel Issue, we agree, at our discretion, to either (i) reimburse you up to the amount paid by you through the Roommate’s Platform (herein after referred to as Booking Fees) depending on the nature of the Travel Issue suffered, or (ii) use our reasonable efforts to find and book you another Accommodation for any unused or remaining duration left in your booking which is reasonably comparable to the Accommodation described in your original booking in terms of size, rooms, features and quality. All determinations of Roommate with respect to the Guest Refund Policy, including without limitation the size of any refund and the comparability of alternate Accommodations, shall be in Roommate’s discretion, and final and binding on the Guests and Hosts.
Conditions to Claim a Travel Issue
To submit a valid claim for a Travel Issue and receive the benefits with respect to your booking, you are required to meet each of the following conditions:
(a) You must be the Guest that booked the Accommodation through https://roommate.techmihirnaik.in/;
(b) You must bring the Travel Issue to our attention in writing or via telephone and provide us with information (including photographs or other evidence) about the Accommodation and the circumstances of the Travel Issue within 48 hours of booking after the later of (i) the start of your booking or (ii) you discover the existence of the Travel Issue, and must respond to any requests by us for additional information or cooperation on the Travel Issue;
(c) You must not have directly or indirectly caused the Travel Issue (through your action, omission or negligence); and
(d) Unless Roommate advises you that the Travel Issue cannot be remediated, you must have used reasonable efforts to try to remedy the circumstances of the Travel Issue with the Host prior to making a claim for a Travel Issue.
Minimum Quality Standards, Host Responsibilities and Reimbursement to Guest
If you are a Host, you are responsible for ensuring that the Accommodations you list on the Roommate Platform meet minimum quality standards regarding access, adequacy of the Listing description, safety, cleanliness, and do not present a Guest with Travel Issues. During a Guest’s stay at an Accommodation, Hosts should be available, or make a third-party available, in order to try, in good faith, to resolve any Guest issues.
If you are a Host, and if (i) Roommate determines that a Guest has suffered a Travel Issue related to an Accommodation listed by you and (ii) Roommate either reimburses that Guest (up to their Total Fees*) or provides an alternative Accommodation to the Guest, you agree to reimburse Roommate up to the amount paid by Roommate within 48 hours of Roommate’s request. If the Guest is relocated to an alternative Accommodation, you also agree to reimburse Roommate for reasonable additional costs incurred to relocate the Guest. You authorize Roommate Payments to collect any amounts owed to Roommate by reducing your Payout or as otherwise permitted pursuant to the Payments Terms.
*The cancelation amount or charges may vary as per the duration or the time period in which the booking was cancelled or the cancellation request was generated. (please provide the time period in a structured manner)
As a Host, you understand that the rights of Guests under this Guest Refund Policy will supersede the cancellation terms and conditions. If you dispute the Travel Issue, you may notify us in writing or via telephone and provide us with information (including photographs or other evidence) disputing the claims regarding the Travel Issue, provided you must have used reasonable and good faith efforts to try to remedy the Travel Issue with the Guest prior to disputing the Travel Issue claim.
General Provisions
No Assignment/No Insurance. This Guest Refund Policy is not intended to constitute an offer to insure, does not constitute insurance or an insurance contract, does not take the place of insurance obtained or obtainable by the Guest, and the Guest has not paid any premium in respect of the Guest Refund Policy. The benefits provided under this Guest Refund Policy are not assignable or transferable by you.
Modification or Termination. Roommate reserves the right to modify or terminate this Guest Refund Policy, at any time, in its sole discretion. If Roommate modifies this Guest Refund Policy, we will post the modification on the Roommate Platform or provide you with notice of the modification and Roommate will continue to process all claims for Travel Issues made prior to the effective date of the modification.
Entire Agreement. This Guest Refund Policy constitutes the entire and exclusive understanding and agreement between Roommate and you regarding the Guest Refund Policy and supersedes and replaces any and all prior oral or written understandings or agreements between Roommate and you regarding the Guest Refund Policy.
Contacting us
If you have any questions about the Guest Refund Policy, please email us or contact our email id- Hello@roommate.techmihirnaik.in


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Immigration Law
US politics
Policy on Wars
45th
Funding for Veterans
WA Politics
Racism
Korean Culture
Military Culture
Gender Role
Self


Nico Hulkenberg thinking of taking a year out of racing!
by Adam NewtonNico Hulkenberg says that he is not against the option of taking a year out of racing altogether as he is set to miss out on an F1 seat in 2020. Esteban Ocon is joining the Renault team next season, leaving Hulkenberg in without a drive for the first time since 2011.
The German has never quite lived up to his high potential, racing in the midfield his entire career for Williams, Force India, Sauber and Renault, and he has slowly seen his options for 2020 dwindle, with Haas retaining Kevin Mangussen and Romain Grosjean, leaving the only possible seat at Williams, one Hulkenberg is not willing to take.
He told Sky Sports' Martin Brundle that he won't be taking on a test driver role, insted preferring to sit out of racing completely for a year.
He said: "To go and do that (be a test driver), when you're young and at the beginning, and I did that in 2011, I think that's the right and obvious thing to do.
"To do that when more advanced in the career, it's kind of a hard one to take when you've raced so many years consecutively. That role, I'm not sure about.
"[2020] will be a true test for me, because all my life has been about racing and now not to have that will be quite a shock and quite a contrast."