Author: Nevin Zhu
Level: Intermediate
Technologies: CDI, Servlet, JSP
Summary: The cdi-alternative
quickstart demonstrates how to create a bean that can be implemented for different purposes without changing the source code.
Target Product: JBoss EAP
Source: https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-eap-quickstarts/
The cdi-alternative
quickstart demonstrates how to create beans that can be implemented for different purposes in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform without changing the Java source code. Instead, you define the default and alternative (@Alternative
) bean implementations during the development phase. Then at deployment time, rather than modifying the source code, you can choose to deploy the default or alternative beans by modifying the <alternatives>
element in the WEB-INF/beans.xml
file.
Alternatives can be used to customize deployments for specific situations, to handle client-side business logic that is determined at runtime, and to create dummy beans to be used for test purposes.
This quickstart demonstrates how to deploy an example with alternative sales tax rates. It defines the following classes, interfaces, and WEB-INF/beans.xml
files:
Demo
: This class extends HttpServlet
and handles the incoming servlet request. It gets the tax rate and returns it to the page.Tax
: This interface defines the getRate()
method to get the tax rate.TaxImpl_1
: This is the default class that returns the Tax_1
rate.TaxImpl_2
: This is an alternative class that returns the Tax_2
rate. Note the @Alternative
annotation in the class.WEB-INF/beans.xml
: This file specifies the TaxImpl_2
alternative should be used by the quickstart. To use the default TaxImpl_1
class, delete or comment out the <alternatives>
element and redeploy the quickstart.result.jsp
: The JSP page that displays the tax rate.The application this project produces is designed to be run on Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 or later.
All you need to build this project is Java 8.0 (Java SDK 1.8) or later and Maven 3.2.5 or later. See Configure Maven for JBoss EAP 7 to make sure you are configured correctly for testing the quickstarts.
In the following instructions, replace EAP7_HOME
with the actual path to your JBoss EAP installation. The installation path is described in detail here: Use of EAP7_HOME and JBOSS_HOME Variables.
The following shows the command line to start the server:
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/standalone.sh
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\standalone.bat
Type this command to build and deploy the archive:
mvn clean install wildfly:deploy
This deploys target/jboss-cdi-alternative.war
to the running instance of the server.
The application will be running at the following URL: http://localhost:8080/jboss-cdi-alternative.
You can specify alternative versions of the bean in the WEB-INF/beans.xml
file by doing one of the following:
<alternatives>
tag so that it defaults to use TaxImpl_1
.In this quickstart, in order to switch back to the default implementation,
comment the <alternatives>
block in the WEB-INF/beans.xml
file and redeploy the quickstart.
When you are finished testing, type this command to undeploy the archive:
mvn wildfly:undeploy
You can also start the server and deploy the quickstarts or run the Arquillian tests from Eclipse using JBoss tools. For general information about how to import a quickstart, add a JBoss EAP server, and build and deploy a quickstart, see Use JBoss Developer Studio or Eclipse to Run the Quickstarts.
If you want to debug the source code of any library in the project, run the following command to pull the source into your local repository. The IDE should then detect it.
mvn dependency:sources


Link Name
is a link to another nifty site
This is a Header
This is a Medium Header
Send me mail at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
This is a new paragraph!
This is a new paragraph!
This is a new sentence without a paragraph break, in bold italics.


What happens next?
- your submission will be checked to ensure eligibility for the Horizon 2020 underwrite
- we will contact you to let you know if you are eligible or not
- if you are eligible, you will move on to project setup
- you will need your EU reconciliation statement and completed funding conversion spreadsheet during project setup
Your EU reconciliation statement will be issued to you by the EU, so you must contact them directly for updates. Please apply for this as soon as possible.
We will aim to get back to you as soon as we can but regret that we are unable to give firm dates at this stage.
If you have any queries please ring 0300 321 4357 or email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can give feedback to help us improve this service. This should take no more than 2 minutes.
Give us feedback


You must import the plotting libraries and get some historical data to create heat maps.
In this example, you create a heat map that shows the correlation between the daily returns of the banking securities. Follow these steps to create the heat map:
unstack
method.close_prices = history['close'].unstack(level=0)
pct_change
method.daily_returns = close_prices.pct_change()
corr
method.corr_matrix = daily_returns.corr()
heatmap
method with the corr_matrix
and the annotation argument enabled.plot = sns.heatmap(corr_matrix, annot=True)
heatmap
method, call the set
method with a title.plot.set(title='Bank Stocks and Bank Sector ETF Correlation Coefficients');
The Jupyter Notebook displays the heat map.


The updating calculations obtain the plutonium isotopic composition and 241Am content on the measurement date from the plutonium isotopic composition and 241Am content at specified dates.
Single component updating
This refers to a plutonium item with a single isotopic composition. The plutonium isotopics and 241Am content are given as weight percents of plutonium on specified dates. The symbol definitions are:
= date of measurement
= date of plutonium analysis
= date of americium analysis
= plutonium mass on measurement date
= plutonium mass on plutonium analysis date
= plutonium mass on americium analysis date
= 241Am mass on measurement date
i = isotope index:
i = 1 for 238Pu
i = 2 for 239Pu
i = 3 for 240Pu
i = 4 for 241Pu
i = 5 for 242Pu
i = 6 for 241Am
= mass of isotope i on measurement date
= mass of isotope i on plutonium analysis date
= decay constant for isotope i = ln(2) / half life:
*Ref. 26.
= decay fraction for isotope i from plutonium analysis date to americium analysis date
= decay fraction for isotope i from americium analysis date to measurement date
= decay fraction for isotope i from plutonium analysis date to measurement date
= weight percent of plutonium for isotope i on measurement date
= weight percent of plutonium for isotope i on plutonium analysis date
= weight percent of plutonium for isotope i on americium analysis date
The plutonium isotopic masses on the plutonium analysis date are
(i = 1 to 5)
and the decay fractions are
(i = 1 to 5)
(i = 4,6)
(i = 1 to 5)
The plutonium isotopic masses on the measurement date are
(i = 1 to 5)
the plutonium mass on the measurement date is
and the plutonium isotopic composition in weight percent on the measurement date is
(i = 1 to 5)
The plutonium mass on the americium analysis date is
Accounting for the beta decay of 241Pu to 241Am and the alpha decay of 241Am, the 241Am mass on the date of measurement is
the 0.002% alpha decay of 241Pu is ignored and the growth of 241Am is calculated as shown in Ref. 29. Thus, the 241Am weight percent on the measurement date is
The errors of the updated plutonium isotopic weight percents are set to the approximate values
(i = 1 to 5)
and the error of the updated 241Am weight percent is set to the approximate value
where
Multiple component updating
Composite items can be specified to have different isotopic compositons, with a plutonium mass specified for each composition. Multiple component updating calculates an isotopic composition for the entire item. The symbol definitions are
= number of components
= mass of isotope i (as defined above) for component j on the date of measurement
= weight percent of plutonium for isotope i in composite item on date of measurement
= mass of isotope i in the composite sample on the date of measurement
= total plutonium mass for the composite sample on the date of measurement.
The values of and are calculated from the equations above. Then
(i = 1 to 6)
and
so
(i = 1 to 6)
There is presently no error propagation in the composite isotopics calculation, so the composite isotopics errors are set to zero.


Imagizer
Javascript Demo
Scale
By Width
By height
Scale and Crop
Face Crop
Entropy Crop
Watermarks
Filters


[viewBag] title = "DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS" ==
|
111700, Republic of Uzbekistan, Toshkent region, Chirchik city, A.Timura street, house 104 Tel:(0370) 712-4541, faks:712-45-41, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
Head of Department: Tursunov Ikromjon Gulomjonovich
|
In accordance with decision No. 1 of the Council of the Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of August 30, 2019, the Department of Physics began to function at the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences.
The Department of Physics prepares personnel in the following areas:
Teaching disciplines:
General physics
Physics Teaching Methodology
Astronomy course
Methodology of teaching astronomy
Introducing computer animation of a physical phenomenon
Theoretical physics
Electrical Engineering
Technology for solving problems in physics and astronomy
Selected Chapters of Elementary Physics
A unique multidisciplinary team was formed at the department, in which specialists, scientists and practitioners of various scientific specialties work. In addition to teaching relevant subjects, teachers of the department carry out research work in various areas.
Leading teachers of the department:
• Mukhamedov Gofurjon Isroilovich - Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor. Leading specialist in the field of composite materials
• Tursunov Ikromjon Gulomjonovich - doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, specialist in the field of semiconductor physics
• Usmanov Shukrullo Nematovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, specialist in the field of semiconductor physics
• Eshchanov Bakhodir Khudaiberganovich - Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Specialist in Optics
• Rustamov Umid Rakhmatovich - candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, specialist in the field of magnetooptics
In addition to the main teachers of the department, specialists from research institutes and professors from leading universities of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan are involved in training.
There are two laboratories at the department, where students conduct classrooms, rooms are equipped with the necessary equipment and laboratory equipment. Young researchers of the department carry out research work in laboratories. Professors and teachers of the department use modern teaching methods, multimedia tools and information and communication technologies to improve the educational process.
Practical classes are conducted by students at the Physicotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, at the Astronomical Institute and in secondary schools of the Tashkent region. The department collaborates with the Physicotechnical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Astronomical Institute, the Ion-Plasma Institute, the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek and other organizations.
International cooperation: today, employees of the department collaborate with foreign universities and institutes. In particular, collaborates with scientists from leading universities in the world, such as the Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Gersen, South Kazakhstan State University named after Mukhtara Avezova, Kiev National University in Ukraine.
Teachers of the department regularly undergo training at specialized universities of the country, participate in interregional and international seminars and conferences.
We invite young people who want to get quality and fundamental knowledge in physics.
List of educational areas and levels of training
Bachelor
|
Direction code |
Direction and level of education |
Duration of study and language of instruction |
|
5110200 |
Physics Teaching Methodology level: bachelor |
Duration of study: 4 years; Language of instruction: Uzbek, Russian |
|
5110200 |
Physics Teaching Methodology (Evening) level: bachelor |
Duration of study: 4.5 years; Language of instruction: Uzbek |
Master
|
Direction code |
Direction and level of education |
Duration of study and language of instruction |
|
5А110201 |
Methods of teaching exact and natural sciences (physics) level: master |
Duration of study: 2 years; Language of instruction: Uzbek |
Basic doctoral studies
|
Direction code |
Direction and level of education |
Duration of study and language of instruction |
|
01.03.01 |
Astronomy level: Ph.D. in physics |
Duration of study: 3 years; Language of instruction: Uzbek, Russian |
The teaching staff of the department:
|
№ |
FULL NAME |
Academic degree |
Position |
|
1. |
Tursunov Ikromjon Gulomjonovich |
Doctor of Physical-Mathematical sciences |
Head of Department |
|
2. |
Rustamov Umid Rakhmatovich |
Candidate of Physical-Mathematical sciences |
Associate Professor |
|
3. |
Suyarov Kusharboy Tashbaevich |
|
Senior Teacher |
|
4. |
Kutlimurodov Sardor Sharipboevich |
|
Senior Teacher |
|
5. |
Hudayberdieva Dilfuza Boykulovna |
|
Teacher |
|
6. |
Eshmatov Abror Mamayusupovich |
|
Teacher |
|
7. |
Aminbaev Boburjon Murodjon ogli |
|
Teacher |
|
8. |
Begzatova Shaxnoza Paxriddinovna |
|
Teacher |
|
9. |
Abdusaminova Gulhayo Karimovna |
|
Teacher |
|
10. |
Raxmatillayeva Husnida Alisher qizi |
|
Teacher |


Articles
The main documentation for GrapheneOS is at the top-level of the site:
- Features overview — Overview of GrapheneOS features differentiating it from the Android Open Source Project.
- Install — Installation instructions for GrapheneOS.
- Build — Building instructions for GrapheneOS.
- Usage guide — Usage instructions for GrapheneOS.
- Frequently Asked Questions — Answers to frequently asked questions about GrapheneOS.
- Releases changelog — Changelog for official releases of GrapheneOS.
- Source code — Documenting all source code repositories for GrapheneOS.
- History — History of the GrapheneOS project.
Our attestation service has a page explaining how the Auditor app and attestation service work.
Other articles on assorted topics related to GrapheneOS:
- Attestation compatibility guide — Guide on using remote attestation in a way that's compatible with GrapheneOS
- GrapheneOS servers — Documentation on GrapheneOS servers.
- Server traffic shaping — Implementing server traffic shaping on Linux with CAKE.
- Sitewide advertising industry opt-out — Using ads.txt / app-ads.txt to disallow buying or selling ads for a domain.


This is what the suspension model looks like in Matlab after sweeping through shock displacements!
Background and Introduction
I created this tool in order to automate a lot of the suspension packaging and design process for my FSAE team. In FSAE, there are a large set of rules and restrictions that are placed on the design on the chassis. These restrictions, especially those pertaining to space frames, greatly limit possibilities for suspension design. Certain tubes and nodes of the chassis must be located in certain areas, and must conform to certain configuration rules. This restricts the areas where suspension members can be mounted, and thus restricts the geometry and characteristics of the suspension. Beyond rules restrictions, other subsystems on the car also influence chassis geometry, which further constrains the problem.
It turns out that designing a suspension system that possess the desired characteristics, but also is able to be elegantly packaged with the rest of the chassis is a very difficult and tedious process. Poor packaging can lead to lots of compliance in the suspension system, making the vehicle much harder to handle. This tool automates away this process, and automatically generates candidate suspension designs that have desirable characteristics, but follow packaging constraints.
This tool’s goal is to generate suspension designs that are viable and good.
Viable designs:
- Respect rule imposed restrictions (ex: minimum vertical wheel travel)
- Respect packaging constraints for suspension mount points
- Avoid mechanical interference between components
- Avoid linkage inversion
Good designs:
- Contain characteristics that closely match desired/”ideal” ones
- Follow good design principles (ex: avoid designs that put components into bending)
Caveats
This isn’t a magical tool. It requires quite a lot of vehicle engineering knowledge to be used correctly. In order to get decent results, the user must define allowable regions for mounting, must define the desired characteristics, and define weights that describe how important each characteristic is relative to the others. Even then, the suspension design that’s returned is only a candidate. Additional nuanced analysis of the system is required for success.
Impact
This project saved the team around 60-70 hours of design time. Unexpected chassis changes were incredibly easy to adapt to. Additionally, because the tool is able to quickly simulate the motion profile of a given suspension and measure associated characteristics, we were able to use the tool to do a parameter sensitivity study to better determine welding location tolerances. Having informed knowledge on what location coordinates were most important allowed us to design better and more effective jigging for welding.
In the future, this tool can be integrated into a larger lap time simulation in order to capture the dynamic response of the suspension system as the car progresses through the simulated track.
How it works
I modeled every suspension component as a Matlab object. Each component was completely rigid, as this was a purely geometric simulation. Each component had an effective joint that dictated how it was joined with other components. Joints could either be spherical joints with three rotational DOFs, or cylindrical joints with one rotational DOF.
Once all of the components are initialized and joined to the right neighbors, motion inputs are given (shock displacement or steering input), and the resulting locations and orientations of the components is calculated. Based on the range of orientations, I can calculate associated characteristics such as bump steer, or the roll center location.
After calculating the characteristics, I compare them to the set of desired characteristics through a weighted sum. That scalar value is fed into a fmincon()
, matlab’s constrained optimization solver. I convert the output of the solver into a new suspension geometry which is subsequently simulated, evaluated, and fed back into the optimizer. When a decent local minimum is found, the candidate design is returned.
This problem is one of around 36 independent variables, so the state space is really really really complex. Finding a global minimum is really difficult (duh), and the quality of the final solution found by fmincon()
is heavily dependent on initial conditions. Because the simulation is optimized for speed, I’m able to completely ‘reseed’ the suspension geometry by randomly shuffling around the component node locations and rerunning the optimizer. This means that I can run the optimizer on a wide range of evenly sampled initial conditions to find out which ones are the most desirable.


There are three coordinate systems in GrADS:
The world coordinate is 4-D and is DEFINED INSIDE GrADS as the
variables or dimensions with the names lon
,
lat
, lev
and
time
. The typical correspondence between these GrADS
world
coordinates and the "real world" is:
14.3N; 145E; 500 mb; 00:12 UTC on 7 March 1996
(a point
above
Guam)) in GrADS world coordinates (lon;lat;lev;time
) would
be
(14.3;145.0;500;12:00Z7Mar1996
).
The grid coordinate is also 4-D and is DEFINED INSIDE GrADS as
(x,y,z,t
). In FORTRAN, the data would written out
parameter (nx=144,ny=73,nz=17,nt=2)
dimension u(nx,ny,nz,nt)
integer x,y,z,t
do t=1,nt
do z=1,nz
write(10) ((u(x,y),x=1,nx),y=1,ny)
end do
end do
However, as in the real world, GrADS only supports ONE
relationship or "map" between world and grid coordinates at a
time. This map is based on the "default" file which by default
is the first file opened. To understand where this world->grid
and grid->world map comes from consider the following data
descriptor or .ctl
file:
dset ^bm.dat
title the best model ver data
options yrev zrev
xdef 72 linear 0.0 5.0
ydef 46 linear -90 4.0
zdef 3 levels 850 500 200
tdef 1 linear 00z1jan1996 12hr
vars 1
z 3 0 geopotential height
endvars
x(y,z,t)def
cards and
(optionally)
the options
card. In GrADS the world coordinate is ALWAYS
defined such that longitude (lon
) increases from West to
East,
latitutde (lat
) increases toward the North and pressure
level
(lev
) DECREASES with height (this is not strictly true but
is
very important when doing calculations such as vint). Time is a
special case and can ONLY be linear with equal spacing
(12hr
in
the example). While the ?def
"cards" can be ordered in
any way
in the .ctl
file, the world coordinate inside GrADS is
ALWAYS
(lon,lat,lev,time
). However, this does NOT mean the DATA
has be
arranged this way and the "options" card tells GrADS how the data
differs from the standard. In the above example case, the
latitudes in GRID cooridates DECREASES with INCREASING y
,
that is
y=1 -> lat=90; y=2 -> lat=86; y=45 -> lat=-90
(some models
and
graphics systems prefer this orientation). Similarly,
lev=200
is
stored first, followed by lev=500
and
lev=200
. Other
modifications to the world<->grid map are possible, as described
below.
display
a
variable. Consider the typical case of a 2-D contour plot:
open psl.ecmwf.ctl
open psl.ncep.ctl
set gxout contour
set t 1
set lon 0 180
set lat 0 90
d psl
and let's see what is happening inside GrADS.
the "default" file is the first one or the data in
psl.ecmwf.ctl
.
This specifes that the grid-world and world-grid map will be
based on the psl.ecmwf.ctl
.
set t 1
- look at the first time in the file or
'set time 00z1mar96' if that were the actual time corresponding the


{% extends 'templates/nhs_transaction_layout.html' %} {% import 'includes/form_macros.html' as form_macros %} {% block afterHeader %} {% include "includes/service-headers/health-costs-checker.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} Back Do you or your partner get any of these tax credits? Income Support Universal Credit Income-based Job Seeker's Allowance (JSA) Income-related Employment & Support Allowance (ESA) Pension Credit (Guarantee Credit) or No Yes No {{ form_macros.button({ label: 'Next' }) }} {% endblock %}
or


Well, this is my first post, I hope it doesn't suck. Too bad.
At the end of this year, bigwigs and standard fanatics are gonna vote on the C2X standard. In case they see this, here are some things I want.
(#)print
to be a preprocessor statement or keyword to print textI have other things, and this may be updated. Still, it doesn't seem that hard.


Name: update
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EPICLabs stands for End-user centric, Privacy, Inclusion and Cognition.
Our work follows an interdisciplinary approach of performing empirical user studies
to understand the problems and barriers that developers currently face,
designing and developing interactive tools to make developers and teams more efficient, and
formative and summative user studies to evaluate the benefits of the tools. Our research approach
is interdisciplinary, leveraging research in data mining, program analysis, software design,
software visualization, and human-computer interaction.


This is me getting down and dirty with CSS Grid
CSS Grid properties
- grid-template-columns
- grid-template-rows
- grid-template
- grid-gap
- grid-row-start / grid-row-end
- grid-column-start / grid-column-end
- grid-area
First things first - Create the grid
A grid is created by specifying the number of rows and columns.
This example is for a 3 column x 2 row grid
-
Method 1 - using set measurements
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 10% auto 100px; grid-template-rows: 50px 50px; grid-gap: 3px; }
Note: minmax can also be used for when columns/rows resize
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 100px minmax(100px, 500px) 100px; grid-template-rows: 50px 50px; grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 2 - using fractions
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows: 50px 50px; grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 3 - using repeat
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 50px repeat (3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat (2, 1fr) grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 4 - auto rows
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 50px repeat (3, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 100px; grid-gap: 3px; }
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 50px repeat (3, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: minmax(100px, auto); grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 5 - grid template
grid-template is shorthand for grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns(rows/columns)
.container { display: grid; grid-template: repeat(2, 50px) / repeat(3, 1fr); grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 6 - auto-fill
For this example the grid will create as many 200px columns that will fit in container
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, 200px); grid-gap: 3px; }
For this example the grid will create as many 200px columns that will fit in container with remaining space shared
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr)); grid-gap: 3px; }
Auto-fill will add extra columns with no content – shows as blank space
-
Method 7 - auto-fit
For this example the grid will create as many 200px columns that will fit in container
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: (repeat(auto-fit, minmax (100px), 1fr); grid-gap: 3px; }
-
Method 8 - naming grid lines
Yet another method of doing the same thing…for larger projects easier than going by row start numbers, etc (also main-start and menu-start could both be assigned to same grid area.
.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: [main-start] 1fr [content-start] 1fr [content-end] 1fr [main-end]; grid-template-rows: [main-start] 100px [content-start] 100px [content-end] 100px [main-end]; grid-gap: 3px; }
Elements are then positioned by defining the row/column start/end
.item { grid-column-start: main-start; grid-row-start: main-start; grid-row-end: main-end }
Second things secondly - Content in the grid
Items are aligned within their assigned grid area
-
Self alignment
.item { align-self: stretch; justify-self: center; }
Properties include:
- auto
- normal
- start
- end
- center
- stretch
- baseline
- first baseline
- last baseline
-
Container alignment
Items are aligned on grid tracks within their assigned grid area
.item { align-self: stretch; justify-self: center; }
Properties include:
- normal
- start
- end
- center
- stretch
- space-around
- space-between
- space-evenly
- baseline
- first baseline
- last baseline
align-items (container) vs align-self (item) and justify-items (container) vs justify-self (item)
An example of laying out article using grid
article { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 80px 1fr 80px; } article > * { grid-column: 2; //start at line 2 – gives border effect min-width: 0; //if this is not set it looks off } article > figure { grid-column: 1 / -1; //this takes whole width margin: 20px 0; //using full row so need a bit of a margin } article> .aside { grid-column: 3; //setting it in the last column looks like an aside/side note color: #666; //distinguish aside font-size: 0.8em; //smaller text }


Online application portal for admission to PhD in Humanities and Social Sciences for July 2015 semester of the Academic session 2015-16
Thank you for registering!Return to login Page


Figure 1: General parameters
These parameters relate to all stages of the analysis and must be set
prior to the extrapolation
process. The user must choose which frames of the input data file are to be
considered in the analysis (all frames of the input file by default) and
whether the data are in arbitrary or absolute intensity units. If the absolute data
scale is chosen, the data units are assumed to be reciprocal centimetres.


|
| string | OrderPublisher => throw new NotImplementedException() |
| | User that place this order. More...
|
| |
| DateTime | PooledTime => throw new NotImplementedException() |
| | When this order was pooled to stack. More...
|
| |
◆ OrderPublisher
| string TeacherHandbook.Core.Orders.BaseOrder.OrderPublisher => throw new NotImplementedException() |
User that place this order.
◆ PooledTime
| DateTime TeacherHandbook.Core.Orders.BaseOrder.PooledTime => throw new NotImplementedException() |
When this order was pooled to stack.
◆ ExpireDate
| OrderDate TeacherHandbook.Core.Orders.BaseOrder.ExpireDate |
|
getset |
Date and session when order will expire inpact.
◆ StartDate
| OrderDate TeacherHandbook.Core.Orders.BaseOrder.StartDate |
|
getset |
Date and session whe order will started.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- D:/Work/GitHub/datum-point/Core/THB Data Types/Core/Orders/BaseOrder.cs


Dutch prosecutors to investigate racial abuse at soccer match
AMSTERDAM: Dutch prosecutors on Monday said they had opened an investigation into possible racist abuse which led to the rare suspension of a soccer match in the Netherlands' second division a day earlier.
The FC Den Bosch-Excelsior Rotterdam game was suspended after half an hour on Sunday. The referee decided to take the players off the pitch after Excelsior forward Ahmad Mendes Moreira was verbally abused by a section of the home side fans.
He said he was called a "negro and cotton-picker" by fans from the beginning of the game.
"I'm just very angry and very sad that these things still happen."
Prosecutors said they would study camera footage and would work with local police to establish what exactly had happened during the match and who was involved.
Play resumed after 10 minutes, but afterwards the Dutch football association KNVB said it would investigate the incident and look into possible sanctions against Den Bosch and its supporters.
"Together with the club, we will do everything to track down who did this", the KNVB's league director Jan Bluyssen said.
The KNVB can issue stadium bans for supporters and can impose sanctions on clubs if they are found to not have done enough to prevent racist abuse.
The incident is the latest in a series of racist incidents in European football.

Last month, a match between England and Bulgaria was marred by a section of the home supporters taunting the English players with Nazi salutes and monkey chants.
(Reporting by Bart Meijerl; Editing by Mike Collett-White)


installfest
`Prev `__
I
`Next `__
--------------
**installfest**
[Linux community since c.1998] Common portmanteau word for “installation
festival”; Linux user groups frequently run these. Computer users are
invited to bring their machines to have Linux installed on their
machines. The idea is to get them painlessly over the biggest hump in
migrating to Linux, which is initially installing and configuring it for
the user's machine.
--------------
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../I.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| insanely great | `Home <../index.html>`__ | INTERCAL |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+


WHAT ABOUT BOB? A film review by Frank Maloney Copyright 1991 Frank Maloney
WHAT ABOUT BOB? is a film starring Bill Murray and Richard Dreyfuss.
My expectations were not high going into the auditorium. Bill Murray is one of the most uneven, undisciplined stars in Hollywood today and Richard Dreyfuss isn't far behind. Which means mugging, smirking, doing this eye-thing with the camera that says hey watch me I'm being pretty cute over here.
Leaving the auditorium, I felt I had been entertained, albeit in a rather predictable, formulaic way, but, yes, I had had a pretty decent time back there in the dark with Bill and Richard.
Bill Murray's character Bob is a near-basket case of neuroses. Agoraphobia, haphephobia (irrational fear of being touched -- old Peanuts joke "Haphephobia is better than none"), manipulative, dependent.
Richard Dreyfuss is his new, ambitious, success-obsessed doc. He had a bust of Freud in his office, he's named his children Sigmund and Anna, his wife is a doormat, and he's out the door, on vacation until Labor Day.
Bob's wants treatment now and follows his new doc to his New England retreat (Virginia stands in for Vermont here). The doc expects a live remote for Goodmorning America and gets Bob.
Whose crazy, Bob, the doc, or the audience? One gets better, one will get better, and the third will get over it. Okay, for matinee prices it's okay. Murray and Dreyfuss efficiently chew every stick of scenery the script hands them. They're cute, they're sort of funny in an icky way. I mean we are laughing at crazy people here, aren't we?
-- Frank Richard Aloysius Jude Maloney
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
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Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Trump on Economics
- "If we do what we have to do correctly, we can create the biggest economic boom in this country since the New Deal when our vast infrastructure was first put into place. It's a no-brainer. It's so obvious that even the Democrats can figure it out."
- "Our politicians have aggressively pursued a policy of globalization—moving our jobs, our wealth and our factories to Mexico and overseas."


WITNESS LIST Business & Commerce Committee May 22, 2003 - 9:00A HB 650 Registering, but not testifying: On: Jewell, Michael (AT & T), Austin, TX HB 1380 AGAINST: Schneider, Rob (Consumers Union), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Balch, Mandy (The American Traveler Motor Club Inc.), Austin, TX Gibson, Machree (American Financial Services Association), Austin, TX Polan, Deborah (Texas Financial Services Association), Austin, TX Spellings, Robert (Gardere Wynne Sewell), Austin, TX Vane, Mark (Gardere Wynne Sewell), Austin, TX Against: Bhatia, Khelan (AARP), Austin, TX Kelemen, George (AARP), Austin, TX On: Pettijohn, Leslie (Consumer Credit Commissioner), Austin, TX Shepard, David (Financial Insurance Management Corp.), Sarasota, FL HB 1510 Registering, but not testifying: For: Atkins, Winn (Diageo), Austin, TX Howard, Jay (Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S.), Austin, TX Marosko, Fred (Texas Package Stores Association), Austin, TX HB 1615 AGAINST: Goebler, Tim (International Union of Elevator Constructors), Buda, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Francis, Brian (Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation), Austin, TX HB 1840 Registering, but not testifying: For: Schneider, Rob (Consumers Union), Austin, TX On: Crawford, Denise Securities Commissioner (State Securities Board), Austin, TX HB 2005 Registering, but not testifying: On: Ferrero, David (Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission), Austin, TX HB 2593 Registering, but not testifying: For: Clayton, Bill (Texas Wine and Grape Growers Assoc.), Austin, TX HB 2701 ON: Barron, Chris (Capital Area Fire Chiefs Assoc.), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Johnson, Helen (State Firemen's and Fire Marshals' Assoc.), Austin, TX HB 3139 Registering, but not testifying: For: Hinkle, Ron (Council of Independent Tobacco Mfgs. of America), Austin, TX HB 3141 Registering, but not testifying: For: Hinkle, Ron (Council of Independent Tobacco Mfgs. of America), Austin, TX HB 3534 AGAINST: Neves, Kerry (City of Dickinson), Dickinson, TX Stanley, Stephen W. (City of Sachse), Sachse, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Igo, Shanna (Texas Municipal League), Austin, TX Against: Kiplinger, Keith (City of Little Elm), Little Elm, TX HJR 85 Registering, but not testifying: For: Clayton, Bill (Texas Wine and Grape Growers Assoc.), Austin, TX


Wealthy Family
问题描述 :
While studying the history of royal families, you want to know how wealthy each family is. While you have various ‘net worth’ figures for each individual throughout history, this is complicated by double counting caused by inheritance. One way to estimate the wealth of a family is to sum up the net worth of a set of k people such that no one in the set is an ancestor of another in the set. The wealth of the family is the maximum sum achievable over all such sets of k people. Since historical records contain only the net worth of male family members, the family tree is a simple tree in which every male has exactly one father and a non-negative number of sons. You may assume that there is one person who is an ancestor of all other family members.
输入:
The input consists of a number of cases. Each case starts with a line containing two integers separated by a space: N (1 <= N <= 150,000), the number of people in the family, and k (1 <= k <= 300), the size of the set. The next N lines contain two non-negative integers separated by a space: the parent number and the net worth of person i (1 <= i <= N). Each person is identified by a number between 1 and N, inclusive. There is exactly one person who has no parent in the historical records, and this will be indicated with a parent number of 0. The net worths are given in millions and each family member has a net worth of at least 1 million and at most 1 billion.
输出:
The input consists of a number of cases. Each case starts with a line containing two integers separated by a space: N (1 <= N <= 150,000), the number of people in the family, and k (1 <= k <= 300), the size of the set. The next N lines contain two non-negative integers separated by a space: the parent number and the net worth of person i (1 <= i <= N). Each person is identified by a number between 1 and N, inclusive. There is exactly one person who has no parent in the historical records, and this will be indicated with a parent number of 0. The net worths are given in millions and each family member has a net worth of at least 1 million and at most 1 billion.
样例输入:
5 3 0 10 1 15 1 25 1 35 4 45 3 3 0 10 1 10 2 10
样例输出:
85 impossible
hdu 4169
题意:给定一棵树，每一节点都有一权值，要求选出总权值最大的K个点，同时这K个点中任意一个点都不能是其他节点的祖先。
节点数太多了，150000 ，爆内存的，所以开了一个临时数组保存
注意优化 子分支的状态数 复杂度O（n*k^2）
#include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include <cstdio> #include<string> #include<queue> #include<vector> #include<map> #include <set> #include<ctime> #include<cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include<algorithm> #include <climits> using namespace std; #define LL long long #define nMAX 150001 #define mMAX 301 int dp[mMAX]; int w[nMAX],start[nMAX]; int n,m,p; vector<int> G[nMAX]; int dfs(int u,int *dp){ int best[mMAX]; fill(best,best+m+1,0); int t=0; for(int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){ int v=G[u][i]; fill(dp,dp+m+1,0); int now=dfs(v,dp); for(int j=t;j>=0;j--) for(int k=1;k<=now&&j+k<=m;k++) if((dp[k]&&best[j]) ||(!j&&dp[k])) best[j+k]=max(best[j+k],best[j]+dp[k]); t+=now; } dp[1]=max(w[u],best[1]); for(int i=2;i<=m;i++) dp[i]=best[i]; if(!G[u].size()) t++; return t; } int main(){ while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF){ int root; p=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) G[i].clear(); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){ int u; scanf("%d%d",&u,&w[i]); if(u==0) root=i; else G[u].push_back(i); } dfs(root,dp); int ans=dp[m]; if(ans) printf("%d\n",ans); else printf("impossible\n"); } }
以上参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/nanke/archive/2012/03/04/2379261.html
另一种优化 ：复杂度 O（n*k）
#include<iostream> #include<cstring> #include <cstdio> #include<string> #include<queue> #include<vector> #include<map> #include <set> #include<ctime> #include<cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include<algorithm> #include <climits> using namespace std; #define LL long long #define nMAX 150001 #define mMAX 301 int dp[mMAX]; int w[nMAX],start[nMAX]; int n,m,p; vector<int> G[nMAX]; void dfs(int u,int *dp){ int best[mMAX]; copy(dp,dp+m+1,best); for(int i=0;i<G[u].size();i++){ int v=G[u][i]; dfs(v,best); } for(int i=m;i>=1;i--){ if( (dp[i-1]||!(i-1) )&& dp[i-1]+w[u]>best[i]) dp[i]=dp[i-1]+w[u]; else dp[i]=best[i]; } } int main(){ while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF){ int root; p=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) G[i].clear(); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){ int u; scanf("%d%d",&u,&w[i]); if(u==0) root=i; else G[u].push_back(i); } fill(dp,dp+m+1,0); dfs(root,dp); int ans=dp[m]; if(ans) printf("%d\n",ans); else printf("impossible\n"); } }
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/louisnit/archive/2012/03/27/2420284.html
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
最近更新的图集都看不了 望检查！！！！
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~
妈蛋，不按套路出牌~


Before Change
return cuda.to_cpu(action.data[0])
def select_action(self, state):
return self.explorer.select_action(
self.t, lambda: self.select_greedy_action(state))
def save_model(self, model_filename):
Save a network model to a file.
After Change
greedy_evaluated[0] = True
return self.select_greedy_action(state)
a = self.explorer.select_action(self.t, greedy_func)
// Even when greedy actions are not selected, policy and q_function"s
// states should be updated
// FIXME: This would not work for some explorers that add noises to


HTML
The basic markup language of the net lies under this button! Click "Learn More" for more info on HTML!
Welcome! I've made this template for you to learn about HTML, CSS and JavaScript!
I hope you enjoy! Feel free to download a copy of this, and edit to your hearts desire!
The basic markup language of the net lies under this button! Click "Learn More" for more info on HTML!
I created this site so that others can learn how to create sites! There are many tutorials out there, but I'm giving this to you so you can adapt, and play! Enjoy!
Do you need more reasons to start? Just look below!
Waiting to be spoon-fed new features of the languages is pointless! Stop waiting around, get a move on!
One thing I hated when I started developing websites was the limits of the course. I learn every day, and most of it's post-course knowledge!
Start to learn what powers your favourite sites, such as: , , and many, many more!
Become comfortable navigating, and creating sites
If you're completely stuck, don't be afraid to ask your teacher! Alternatively, just shoot me over an email!


Syntax
at [\\ComputerName] [{[ID] [/delete] | /delete [/yes]}]
at [[\\ComputerName] Hours:Minutes [/interactive] [{/every:Date[,...] | /next:Date[,...]}] Command]
Parameters
**\\**ComputerName Specifies a remote computer. If you omit this parameter, at schedules the commands and programs on the local computer.
ID Specifies the identification number assigned to a scheduled command.
/delete Cancels a scheduled command. If you omit ID, all of the scheduled commands on the computer are canceled.
/yes Answers yes to all queries from the system when you delete scheduled events.
Hours**:Minutes Specifies the time when you want to run the command. Time is expressed as Hours:**Minutes in 24-hour notation (that is, 00:00 [midnight] through 23:59).
/interactive Allows Command to interact with the desktop of the user who is logged on at the time Command runs.
/every: Runs Command on every specified day or days of the week or month (for example, every Thursday, or the third day of every month).
Date Specifies the date when you want to run the command. You can specify one or more days of the week (that is, type M,T,W,Th,F,S,Su) or one or more days of the month (that is, type 1 through 31). Separate multiple date entries with commas. If you omit Date, at uses the current day of the month.
/next: Runs Command on the next occurrence of the day (for example, next Thursday).
Command Specifies the Windows command, program (that is, .exe or .com file), or batch program (that is, .bat or .cmd file) that you want to run. When the command requires a path as an argument, use the absolute path (that is, the entire path beginning with the drive letter). If the command is on a remote computer, specify Universal Naming Convention (UNC) notation for the server and share name, rather than a remote drive letter.
/? Displays help at the command prompt.
Remarks
Schtasks is a more powerful superset command-line scheduling tool and includes all the functionality found in the at command-line utility. Use schtasks instead of at for all command-line scheduling tasks. For more information about schtasks, see Related Topics.
Using at
To use at, you must be a member of the local Administrators group.
Loading Cmd.exe
At does not automatically load Cmd.exe, the command interpreter, before running commands. If you are not running an executable (.exe) file, you must explicitly load Cmd.exe at the beginning of the command as follows:
cmd /c dir > c:\test.out
Viewing scheduled commands
When you use at without command-line options, scheduled tasks appear in a table formatted similar to the following:
Status ID Day Time Command Line
OK 1 Each F 4:30 PM net send group leads status due
OK 2 Each M 12:00 AM chkstor > check.file
OK 3 Each F 11:59 PM backup2.bat
Including identification number (ID)
When you include identification number (ID) with at at a command prompt, information for a single entry appears in a format similar to the following:
Task ID: 1
Status: OK
Schedule: Each F
Time of Day: 4:30 PM
Command: net send group leads status due
After you schedule a command with at, especially a command that has command-line options, check that the command syntax is correct by typing at without command-line options. If the information in the Command Line column is incorrect, delete the command and retype it. If it is still incorrect, retype the command with fewer command-line options.
Viewing results
Commands scheduled with at run as background processes. Output is not displayed on the computer screen. To redirect output to a file, use the redirection symbol (>). If you redirect output to a file, you need to use the escape symbol (^) before the redirection symbol, whether you are using at at the command line or in a batch file. For example, to redirect output to Output.text, type:
at 14:45 c:\test.bat ^>c:\output.txt
The current directory for the executing command is the systemroot folder.
Changing system time
If you change the system time at a computer after you schedule a command to run with at, synchronize the at scheduler with the revised system time by typing at without command-line options.
Storing commands
Scheduled commands are stored in the registry. As a result, you do not lose scheduled tasks if you restart the Schedule service.
Connecting to network drives
Do not use a redirected drive for scheduled jobs that access the network. The Schedule service might not be able to access the redirected drive, or the redirected drive might not be present if a different user is logged on at the time the scheduled task runs. Instead, use UNC paths for scheduled jobs. For example:
at 1:00pm my_backup \\server\share
Do not use the following syntax, where x: is a connection made by the user:
at 1:00pm my_backup x:
If you schedule an at command that uses a drive letter to connect to a shared directory, include an at command to disconnect the drive when you are finished using the drive. If the drive is not disconnected, the assigned drive letter is not available at the command prompt.
Examples
To display a list of commands scheduled on the Marketing server, type:
at \\marketing
To learn more about a command with the identification number 3 on the Corp server, type:
at \\corp 3
To schedule a net share command to run on the Corp server at 8:00 A.M. and redirect the listing to the Maintenance server, in the Reports shared directory, and the Corp.txt file, type:
at \\corp 08:00 cmd /c "net share reports=d:\marketing\reports >> \\maintenance\reports\corp.txt"
To back up the hard drive of the Marketing server to a tape drive at midnight every five days, create a batch program called Archive.cmd, which contains the backup commands, and then schedule the batch program to run, type:
at \\marketing 00:00 /every:5,10,15,20,25,30 archive
To cancel all commands scheduled on the current server, clear the at schedule information as follows:
at /delete
To run a command that is not an executable (that is, .exe) file, precede the command with cmd /c to load Cmd.exe as follows:
cmd /c dir > c:\test.out


Highways
问题描述 :
Flatopian towns are numbered from 1 to N and town i has a position given by the Cartesian coordinates (xi, yi). Each highway connects exaclty two towns. All highways (both the original ones and the ones that are to be built) follow straight lines, and thus their length is equal to Cartesian distance between towns. All highways can be used in both directions. Highways can freely cross each other, but a driver can only switch between highways at a town that is located at the end of both highways.
The Flatopian government wants to minimize the cost of building new highways. However, they want to guarantee that every town is highway-reachable from every other town. Since Flatopia is so flat, the cost of a highway is always proportional to its length. Thus, the least expensive highway system will be the one that minimizes the total highways length.
输入:
The first line of the input file contains a single integer N (1 <= N <= 750), representing the number of towns. The next N lines each contain two integers, xi and yi separated by a space. These values give the coordinates of ith town (for i from 1 to N). Coordinates will have an absolute value no greater than 10000. Every town has a unique location.
The next line contains a single integer M (0 <= M <= 1000), representing the number of existing highways. The next M lines each contain a pair of integers separated by a space.  Each pair of towns is connected by at most one highway.
输出:
If no new highways need to be built (all towns are already connected), then the output file should be created but it should be empty.
样例输入:
9 1 5 0 0 3 2 4 5 5 1 0 4 5 2 1 2 5 3 3 1 3 9 7 1 2
样例输出:
1 6 3 7 4 9 5 7 8 3
解题代码:
//* @author<EMAIL_ADDRESS>import java.io.*; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws NumberFormatException, IOException { InputStreamReader is=new InputStreamReader(System.in); BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(is); String[] ss; int b=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); int[] ax=new int[b]; int[] ay=new int[b]; int[][] p=new int[b][b]; for(int i=0;i< b;i++) { ss=in.readLine().split(" "); ax[i]=Integer.parseInt(ss[0]); ay[i]=Integer.parseInt(ss[1]); } for(int i=0;i< b;i++) { for(int j=i+1;j< b;j++) { int juli=(ax[i]-ax[j])*(ax[i]-ax[j])+(ay[i]-ay[j])*(ay[i]-ay[j]); p[i][j]=p[j][i]=juli; } } int a=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine()); for(int i=0;i< a;i++) { ss=in.readLine().split(" "); int u1=Integer.parseInt(ss[0])-1; int u2=Integer.parseInt(ss[1])-1; p[u1][u2]=p[u2][u1]=0; } int[] low=new int[b]; low[0]=-1; int[] near=new int[b]; for(int i=1;i< b;i++) low[i]=p[0][i]; for(int i=1;i< b;i++) { int min=9999999,tag=0; for(int j=0;j< b;j++) { if(low[j]!=-1&&low[j]< min) { min=low[j]; tag=j; } } if(min!=0) System.out.println((near[tag]+1)+" "+(tag+1)); low[tag]=-1; for(int j=0;j< b;j++) { if(p[tag][j]< low[j]) { low[j]=p[tag][j]; near[j]=tag; } } } } }
5.1处，反了；“上一个操作符的优先级比操作符ch的优先级大，或栈是空的就入栈。”如代码所述，应为“上一个操作符的优先级比操作符ch的优先级小，或栈是空的就入栈。”
思路二可以用一个长度为k的队列来实现，入队后判断下队尾元素的next指针是否为空，若为空，则出队指针即为所求。
从数学角度确实是C(n,r)，能给个递推关系式吗，从分治的角度不好理解
good !
全是智力分析的题
额，不对应吧
这道题这里的解法最坏情况似乎应该是指数的。回溯的时候
O(n) = O(n-1) + O(n-2) + ….
O(n-1) = O(n-2) + O(n-3)+ …
O(n) – O(n-1) = O(n-1)
O(n) = 2O(n-1)
这个分析相当全面，经典！
有点意思
注释很详细，多谢分享！
什么破题，题意好难懂啊
神奇的网站
有限自动机在ACM中是必须掌握的算法，实际上在面试当中几乎不可能让你单独的去实现这个算法，如果有题目要用到有限自动机来降低时间复杂度，那么这种面试题应该属于很难的级别了。
嗯 分析得很到位，确实用模板编程能让面试官对你的印象更好。在设置辅助栈的时候可以这样：push时，比较要push的elem和辅助栈的栈顶，elem<=min.top()，则min.push(elem).否则只要push（elem）就好。在pop的时候，比较stack.top()与min.top(),if(stack.top()<=min.top()),则{stack.pop();min.pop();}，否则{stack.pop();}.


Alert System Retirement
1 November 2016
Updates
- January 19, 2017: The Final alert has been broadcast. This final alert essentially disables the alert system by overriding all alerts, preventing other alerts from being broadcast, and displays the static message “Alert Key Compromised”. The Alert Key will be published in the coming months.
- March 8, 2017: Bitcoin Core 0.14 released with hard-coded final alert.
- May 1, 2017: Postpone release date of Alert key. Older clients may contain Alert handling code which is exploitable using the alert key, therefore the public release of the key has been temporarily postponed until considered safe.
Summary
The network wide Alert system is being retired. No Bitcoins are at risk and this warning may be safely ignored. Upgrade to the newest version of your wallet software to no longer see the alert.
Reasons for Retirement
The network wide Alert system was created by Satoshi Nakamoto as a means of informing Bitcoin users of any important information regarding Bitcoin. It has been used in the past to inform users about important network events such as accidental blockchain forks. However, the Alert system also represents a large source of centralization in Bitcoin. The holders of the singular Alert Key can at any time send an alert which could affect the entire network. As more developers join, the Alert Key is given to others, but cannot be taken away from those who have left. This has led to the Alert Key potentially falling into the hands of malicious actors who could use it to disrupt the network. Because there is only one Alert key, it is not possible to prevent former developers from sending an alert nor is it possible to identify who sent an Alert.
In addition, the Alert system is primarily Bitcoin Core specific. Many other wallets have their own systems in place but still must have handling for the Alert system because it is network wide. Something specific for one software should not be imposed on the entire network.
The Alert system has also lost its usefulness. It is no longer necessary to use it to inform users about problematic network events as users can easily get their information from any major Bitcoin news outlet.
The Retirement Plan
Retirement of the Alert system consists of a pre-final alert (this alert) which will warn about the impending retirement, a final maximum sequence alert which cannot be overridden and displays a static “Alert Key Compromised” message, and the publishing of the Alert key itself. The final alert will be hard coded into Bitcoin Core 0.14 to ensure that all old nodes receive the final alert.
| Action | Description | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-final Alert Posts | Posts on Bitcoin.org, various forums, and various mailing lists that the Alert system will be retired | 2016-11-01 |
| Pre-final Alert | The alert itself warning that the Alert system will be retired | 2016-11-02 |
| Final Alert | Max sequence Alert to disable the Alert system | 2017-01-19 |
| Alert key release | The Alert key will be made publicly available | Postponed until further notice. |
Software without the Alert system
Most major Bitcoin wallets have already removed the alert system in the most recent releases. The software listed below are guaranteed to have removed/disabled the Alert system or allow you to disable it.
- Bitcoin Core 0.12.1+
- Bitcoin Core 0.10.3, 0.11.x, and 0.12.x can disable alerts with
-alerts=0
- Armory 0.94.1+


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|
Public Member Functions | |
| int | ReadCount (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state) |
| Reads the number of elements contained in the encoded list from the provided IProtonBuffer. The implementation must read the correct size encoding based on the type of list that this type decoder handles. More... | |
| int | ReadCount (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state) |
| Reads the number of elements contained in the encoded list from the provided Stream. The implementation must read the correct size encoding based on the type of list that this type decoder handles. More... | |
| IList< T > | ReadList< T > (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state) |
| Attempts to read and decode an AMQP List from the given incoming byte buffer. The decoder applies type restrictions to the incoming List based on the types given in the methods generic parameters. The resulting IList is created using the type parameters provided to this method. More... | |
| IList< T > | ReadList< T > (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state) |
| Attempts to read and decode an AMQP List from the given incoming byte stream. The decoder applies type restrictions to the incoming List based on the types given in the methods generic parameters. The resulting IList is created using the type parameters provided to this method. More... | |
| int | ReadSize (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state) |
| Reads the encoded size value for the encoded list payload and returns it. The read is destructive and the type decoder read methods cannot be called after this this unless the IProtonBuffer is reset via a position marker. This method can be useful when the caller intends to manually read the binary payload from the given IProtonBuffer. More... | |
| int | ReadSize (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state) |
| Reads the encoded size value for the encoded list payload and returns it. The read is destructive and the type decoder read methods cannot be called after this this unless the Stream is reset via a position marker. This method can be useful when the caller intends to manually read the binary payload from the given stream. More... | |
| override object | ReadValue (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state) |
| Reads this decoders managed type from the given buffer and returns it. More... | |
| override object | ReadValue (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state) |
| Reads this decoders managed type from the given buffer and returns it. More... | |
| override void | SkipValue (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state) |
| Skips the value that this decoder is handling by skipping the encoded bytes in the provided buffer instance. More... | |
| override void | SkipValue (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state) |
| Skips the value that this decoder is handling by skipping the encoded bytes in the provided buffer instance. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder | |
| Array | ReadArrayElements (IProtonBuffer buffer, IDecoderState state, int count) |
| Reads a series of this type that have been encoded into the body of an Array type. When encoded into an array the values are encoded in series following the identifier for the type, this method is given a count of the number of instances that are encoded and should read each in succession and returning them in a new array. More... | |
| Array | ReadArrayElements (Stream stream, IStreamDecoderState state, int count) |
| Reads a series of this type that have been encoded into the body of an Array type. When encoded into an array the values are encoded in series following the identifier for the type, this method is given a count of the number of instances that are encoded and should read each in succession and returning them in a new array. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| override EncodingCodes | EncodingCode => EncodingCodes.List0 |
| override Type | DecodesType => typeof(IList) |
| Public Attributes inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder | |
| bool | IsArrayType => false |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Properties inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder | |
| abstract EncodingCodes | EncodingCode [get] |
| abstract Type | DecodesType [get] |
| Properties inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.IPrimitiveTypeDecoder | |
| EncodingCodes | EncodingCode [get] |
| Get the AMQP encoding code byte for the type this decoder handles. More... | |
| Properties inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.ITypeDecoder | |
| Type | DecodesType [get] |
| The Type that this decoder can read. More... | |
| bool | IsArrayType [get] |
| Returns true if the value that this decoder is going to read is an array type. More... | |
| Properties inherited from Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.IStreamTypeDecoder | |
| Type | DecodesType [get] |
| The Type that this decoder can read. More... | |
| bool | IsArrayType [get] |
| Returns true if the value that this decoder is going to read is an array type. More... | |
|
inline |
Reads the number of elements contained in the encoded list from the provided IProtonBuffer. The implementation must read the correct size encoding based on the type of list that this type decoder handles.
| buffer | The buffer where the count should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inline |
Reads the number of elements contained in the encoded list from the provided Stream. The implementation must read the correct size encoding based on the type of list that this type decoder handles.
| stream | The stream where the element count should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inline |
Attempts to read and decode an AMQP List from the given incoming byte buffer. The decoder applies type restrictions to the incoming List based on the types given in the methods generic parameters. The resulting IList is created using the type parameters provided to this method.
| T | The type restriction for the entries of the List |
| buffer | The buffer where the List should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inline |
Attempts to read and decode an AMQP List from the given incoming byte stream. The decoder applies type restrictions to the incoming List based on the types given in the methods generic parameters. The resulting IList is created using the type parameters provided to this method.
| T | The type restriction for the entries of the List |
| stream | The stream where the List should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inline |
Reads the encoded size value for the encoded list payload and returns it. The read is destructive and the type decoder read methods cannot be called after this this unless the IProtonBuffer is reset via a position marker. This method can be useful when the caller intends to manually read the binary payload from the given IProtonBuffer.
| buffer | The buffer where the size should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inline |
Reads the encoded size value for the encoded list payload and returns it. The read is destructive and the type decoder read methods cannot be called after this this unless the Stream is reset via a position marker. This method can be useful when the caller intends to manually read the binary payload from the given stream.
| stream | The stream where the size should be read from |
| state | The decoder state that provides support |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.Primitives.IListTypeDecoder.
|
inlinevirtual |
Reads this decoders managed type from the given buffer and returns it.
| buffer | The buffer where the encoded bytes can be read from |
| state | The decoder state that can be used during decode |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder.
|
inlinevirtual |
Reads this decoders managed type from the given buffer and returns it.
| stream | The stream where the encoded bytes can be read from |
| state | The decoder state that can be used during decode |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder.
|
inlinevirtual |
Skips the value that this decoder is handling by skipping the encoded bytes in the provided buffer instance.
| buffer | The buffer where the encoded bytes can be read from |
| state | The decoder state that can be used during decode |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder.
|
inlinevirtual |
Skips the value that this decoder is handling by skipping the encoded bytes in the provided buffer instance.
| stream | The stream where the encoded bytes can be read from |
| state | The decoder state that can be used during decode |
Implements Apache.Qpid.Proton.Codec.Decoders.AbstractPrimitiveTypeDecoder.


Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
<ANY
ng-keydown="">
...
</ANY>
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ngKeydown | expression |
Expression to evaluate upon
keydown. (Event object is available as |
<input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
key down count: {{count}}


In this blog post I would like to write about the REPL which I built to get a fast feedback cycle for my lexer. Before going into the topic, here is a short description of what REPL stands for and what its purpose is. REPL stands for Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop. So in the end it is an endless loop which is waiting for input from the user to evaluate it and print the outcome afterwards.
Mostly every programming language is shipped with a REPL to try out language specific features. lbd will also have a REPL to try out its features.
The word ‘evaluate’ is broadly defined in this context. When the language is usable it will mean that you are able to define variables and functions and execute them to get results back. At the moment this evaluation process is a lot less complex since the parser and all the following stuff is not written yet.
In this implementation the REPL only accepts lines of lbd-code and prints out the tokenized version of this line produced by the lexer. This is of course nothing useful when the compiler has all needed functionality but it is quite helpful when testing the lexer, especially when new features are added. So I think about adding a flag which starts the REPL in different modes, one of them would be the lexer only mode to test tokenizing. If tokens are not produced correctly it could cause some serious bugs in the compiler that are quite hard to catch.
So, lets get into the code! repl
is a new package inside the lbd
package (like lexer
). It has only one function which starts the loop, repl.Start()
. First, I wanted to create a new lexer each time a line is produced and that would technically be totally fine since the lexer does not need to know any context like previously defined variables. But later, when the parser is added, I need that context, so I wanted to create some workflow that allows it to reuse my only instance of lexer.Lexer
.
Since the lexer is working with a rune channel, I needed to create this one first. But the lexer is initialized with this channel and that makes it really hard to reuse the instance. To fix this, I changed the interface of the lexer to take the input channel as an argument of the Start
function instead of New
. This makes it possible to create one Lexer
, one bufio.Scanner
and create just the channels inside the loop.
lex := lexer.New()
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
An endless loop in Go is created with the only loop that exists: for {}
. Without any condition or iteration this does the same as a while
loop in other languages. Inside the loop the REPL prints its prefix (lbd $
), waits for input and evaluates this.
To read the input from the user I use a bufio.Scanner
instance. It is initialized with a global defined io.Reader
instance which is by default set to os.Stdin
. This is a great work around to mock input when unit testing this method. If I would just use os.Stdin
without setting it to this variable, I would hardly be able to write unit tests. The other very important part that needs to be mocked is the io.Writer
where the output is written to. This is by default also set to the obvious one, os.Stdout
.
If you are not familiar with those two interfaces in Go: they are the most powerful ones. Go is a truly interface oriented language since interfaces are used for everything to make code more generic usable (especially due to the lack of generics itself). Interfaces are especially powerful when they define only one or two methods. io.Reader
for example only defines one method:
type Reader interface {
Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}
Since interface conformance is implicit every type that implements this method is automatically an io.Reader
and can therefor be used as a parameter to every method that accepts an io.Reader
. In the test case I am just using strings.NewReader()
to create input for the REPL and bytes.Buffer
to create a buffer for the output.
When the text is scanned from the reader, the REPL sends the given runes to the lexer and waits for its evaluation. The sending of each individual rune is done by the already introduced helper function StreamFromString
from the lexer package.
If you remember the implementation of lexers Start()
method, you know that it is creating its own go routine, so the call itself is not blocking.
The lexer is closing its channel after evaluating all runes from the input stream. So to print every evaluated token I am just using a for-range-loop on the channel:
for t := range lex.NextToken {
fmt.Fprintln(writer, t)
}
Using the REPL looks like this currently:
lbd $ a = 5
{{0 0 1} Identifier a}
{{0 2 1} Assign =}
{{0 4 1} Integer 5}
lbd $ b = a == 3
{{0 5 1} Identifier b}
{{0 7 1} Assign =}
{{0 9 1} Identifier a}
{{0 11 2} Equal ==}
{{0 14 1} Integer 3}
The session is ended by pressing ctrl
+ D
(^D) which produces an io.EOF
(end of file) error which then results in a false return value of the scanner.Scan()
call.
To see the whole implementation check out the source file here. Thanks for reading this post, the next one is going to be published in the next days since this one is a bit delayed.


{% extends "common/base.html" %} {% block navbar %}{% include "common/navbar.html" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
May 29th, 2017 at Pinnacles National Park.


Table of Contents
Introduction and Definitions
-
- Text Classification:
- The task of assigning a piece of text to one or more classes or categories.
- Applications:
- Spam Filtering: discerning spam emails form legitimate emails.
- Email Routing: sending an email sento to a genral address to a specfic affress based on the topic.
- Language Identification: automatiacally determining the genre of a piece of text.
- Readibility Assessment__: determining the degree of readability of a piece of text.
- Sentiment Analysis: determining the general emotion/feeling/attitude of the author of a piece of text.
- Authorship Attribution: determining which author wrote which piece of text.
- Age/Gender Identification: determining the age and/or gender of the author of a piece of text.
-
- Classification Methods:
-
- (Hand-Coded)Rules-Based Algorithms: use rules based on combinations of words or other features.
- Can have high accuracy if the rules are carefully refined and maintained by experts.
- However, building and maintaining these rules is very hard.
- Supervised Machine Learning: using an ML algorithm that trains on a training set of (document, class) elements to train a classifier.
- Types of Classifiers:
- Naive Bayes
- Logistic Regression
- SVMs
- K-NNs
- Types of Classifiers:
- (Hand-Coded)Rules-Based Algorithms: use rules based on combinations of words or other features.
The Naive Bayes Classifier
-
- Naive Bayes Classifiers:
- are a family of simple probabilistic classifiers based on applying Bayes’ Theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between the features.
- The Probabilistic Model:
Abstractly, naive Bayes is a conditional probability model: given a problem instance to be classified, represented by a vector \({\displaystyle \mathbf{x} =(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})}=(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})\) representing some n features (independent variables), it assigns to this instance probabilities - \[{\displaystyle p(C_{k}\mid x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})\,}\]
- for each of the \(k\) possible outcome or classes \(C_k\).
- Now, using Bayes’ Theorem we decompose the conditional probability as:
- \[{\displaystyle p(C_{k}\mid \mathbf {x} )={\frac {p(C_{k})\ p(\mathbf {x} \mid C_{k})}{p(\mathbf {x} )}}\,}\]
- Or, equivalenty, and more intuitively:
- \[{\displaystyle {\mbox{posterior}}={\dfrac{\text{prior} \times \text{likelihood}}{\text{evidence}}}\,}\]
- We can disregard the Denomenator since it does not depend on the classes \(C\), making it a constant.
- Now, using the Chain-Rule for repeated application of the conditional probability, the joint probability model can be rewritten as:
- \[p(C_{k},x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})\, = p(x_{1}\mid x_{2},\dots ,x_{n},C_{k})p(x_{2}\mid x_{3},\dots ,x_{n},C_{k})\dots p(x_{n-1}\mid x_{n},C_{k})p(x_{n}\mid C_{k})p(C_{k})\]
- Applying the naive conditional independence assumptions,
i.e. assume that each feature \({\displaystyle x_{i}}\) is conditionally independent of every other feature \({\displaystyle x_{j}}\) for \({\displaystyle j\neq i}\), given the category \({\displaystyle C}\)
- \[\implies \\ {\displaystyle p(x_{i}\mid x_{i+1},\dots ,x_{n},C_{k})=p(x_{i}\mid C_{k})\,}.\]
- Thus, we can write the join probability model as:
- \[{\displaystyle p(C_{k}\mid x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})={\frac {1}{Z}}p(C_{k})\prod _{i=1}^{n}p(x_{i}\mid C_{k})}\]
- Where, \({\displaystyle Z=p(\mathbf {x} )=\sum _{k}p(C_{k})\ p(\mathbf {x} \mid C_{k})}\) is a constant scaling factor, a function of the, known, feature variables.
-
The Decision Rule: we commonly use the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) hypothesis, as the decision rule.
- Thus, the classifier becomes:
- \[{\displaystyle {\hat {y}}={\underset {k\in \{1,\dots ,K\}}{\operatorname {argmax} }}\ p(C_{k})\displaystyle \prod _{i=1}^{n}p(x_{i}\mid C_{k}).}\]
- A function that assigns a class label \({\displaystyle {\hat {y}}=C_{k}}\) for some \(k\).
-
- Multinomial Naive Bayes:
- With a multinomial event model, samples (feature vectors) represent the frequencies with which certain events have been generated by a multinomial \({\displaystyle (p_{1},\dots ,p_{n})}\) where \({\displaystyle p_{i}}\) is the probability that event \(i\) occurs.
- The likelihood of observing a feature vector (histogram) \(\mathbf{x}\) is given by:
- \[{\displaystyle p(\mathbf {x} \mid C_{k})={\frac {(\sum _{i}x_{i})!}{\prod _{i}x_{i}!}}\prod _{i}{p_{ki}}^{x_{i}}}\]
- The multinomial naive Bayes classifier becomes a linear classifier when expressed in log-space:
- \[{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\log p(C_{k}\mid \mathbf {x} )&\varpropto \log \left(p(C_{k})\prod _{i=1}^{n}{p_{ki}}^{x_{i}}\right)\\&=\log p(C_{k})+\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\cdot \log p_{ki}\\&=b+\mathbf {w} _{k}^{\top }\mathbf {x} \end{aligned}}}\]
- where \({\displaystyle b=\log p(C_{k})}\) and \({\displaystyle w_{ki}=\log p_{ki}}\).
-
- Bag-of-Words:
- The bag-of-words model (or vector-space-model) is a simplifying representation of text/documents.
- A text is represented as the bag (Multi-Set) of its words with multiplicity, disregarding any grammatrical rules and word-orderings.
-
- The Simplifying Assumptions Used:
-
- Bag-of-Words: we assume that the position of the words does not matter.
- Naive Independence: the feature probabilities are indpendenet given a class \(c\).
-
- Learning the Multi-Nomial Naive Bayes Model:
-
- The Maximum Likelihood Estimate: we simply use the frequencies in the date.
- \(\hat{P}(c_j) = \dfrac{\text{doc-count}(C=c_j)}{N_\text{doc}}\)
The Prior Probability of a document being in class \(c_j\), is the fraction of the documents in the training data that are in class \(c_j\).
- \(\hat{P}(w_i | c_i) = \dfrac{\text{count}(w_i,c_j)}{\sum_{w \in V} \text{count}(w, c_j)}\)
The likelihood of the word \(w_i\) given a class \(c_j\), is the fraction of the occurunces of the word \(w_i\) in class \(c_j\) over all words in the class.
- \(\hat{P}(c_j) = \dfrac{\text{doc-count}(C=c_j)}{N_\text{doc}}\)
- The Maximum Likelihood Estimate: we simply use the frequencies in the date.
-
- The Problem with Maximum Likelihood:
If a certain word occurs in the test-set but not in the training set, the likelihood of that word given the equation above will be set to \(0\).
Now, since we are multiplying all the likelihood terms together, the MAP estimate will be set to \(0\) as well, regardless of the other values.
- The Problem with Maximum Likelihood:
-
- Solutions to the MLE Problem:
- Usually the problem of reducing the estimate to zero is solved by adding a regularization technique known as smoothing.
-
- Lidstone Smoothing (additive smoothing):
- is a technique used to smooth categorical data as the following:
- Given an observation vector \(x = (x_1, \ldots, x_d)\) from a multinomial distribution with \(N\) trials, a smoothed version of the data produces the estimators:
- \[{\hat {\theta }}_{i}={\frac {x_{i}+\alpha }{N+\alpha d}}\qquad (i=1,\ldots ,d),\]
-
- Laplace Smoothing:
- is a special case of additive smoothing (Lidstone Smoothing) with \(\alpha = 1\):
- \[{\hat {\theta }}_{i}={\frac {x_{i}+1 }{N+ d}}\qquad (i=1,\ldots ,d),\]
-
- The Algorithm:
-
- Extract the Vocabulary from the trianing data
- Calculate \(P(c_j)\) terms
- For each \(c_j \in C\) do
- \(\text{docs}_j \leftarrow\) all docs with class \(=c_j\)
- \[P(c_j) \leftarrow \dfrac{\|\text{docs}_j\|}{\|\text{total # docs}\|}\]
- For each \(c_j \in C\) do
- Calculate \(P(w_k \| c_j)\) terms
- \(\text{Text}_j \leftarrow\) single doc containing all \(\text{docs}_j\)
- For each word \(w_k \in\) Vocab.
- \(n_k \leftarrow\) # of occurunces of \(w_k \in \text{Text}_j\)
- \[P(w_k \| c_j) \leftarrow \dfrac{n_k + \alpha}{n + \alpha \|Vocab.\|}\]
-
- Summary:
-
- Very fast
- Low storage requirements
- Robust to Irrelevant Features
- Irrelevant features cancel each other out.
- Works well in domains with many equally important features
- Decision Trees_ suffer from fragmentation in such cases - especially if there is little data.
- It is Optimal if the independence conditions hold.
Evaluation of Text Classification
-
- The \(2x2\) Contingency Table:
-
correct (Spam) not correct (not Spam) selected (Spam) tp fp not selected (not Spam) fn tn
-
- Accuracy:
- \[\text{Acc} = \dfrac{\text{tp} + \text{tn}}{\text{tp} + \text{fp} + \text{fn} + \text{tn}}\]
- The Problem:
Accuracy can be easily fooled (i.e. produce a very high number) in a scenario where the number of occurrences of a class we desire is much less than the data we are searching.
-
- Precision (positive predictive value (PPV)):
- is the fraction of relevant instances among the retrieved instances.
- Equivalently,
the % of selected items that are correct. - \[{\displaystyle {\text{Precision}}={\frac {tp}{tp+fp}}\,}\]
-
- Recall (True Positive Rate), (Sensitivity):
- Also referred to as the true positive rate or sensitivity.
- is the fraction of relevant instances that have been retrieved over the total amount of relevant instances.
- Equivalently,
the % of correct items that are selected. - \[{\displaystyle {\text{Recall}}={\frac {tp}{tp+fn}}\,}\]
-
- The Trade-Off:
- Usually, the two measures discusses above have an inverse relation between them due to the quantities they measure.
-
- The F-measure:
- is a measure that combines precision and recall.
- It is the harmonic mean of precision and recall:
- \[{\displaystyle F=2\cdot {\frac {\mathrm {precision} \cdot \mathrm {recall} }{\mathrm {precision} +\mathrm {recall} }}}\]
General Discussion of Issues in Text Classification
-
- Very Little Data:
-
- Use Naive Bayes
- Naive Bayes is a “high-bias” algorithm; it tends to not overfit the data.
- Use Semi-Supervised Learning
- Try Bootstrapping or EM over unlabeled documents
- Use Naive Bayes
-
- Reasonable Amount of Data:
-
- Use:
- SVM
- Regularized Logistic Regression
- (try) Decision Trees
- Use:
-
- Huge Amount of Data:
- Be careful of the run-time:
- SVM: slow train time
- KNN: slow test time
- Reg. Log. Regr.: somewhat faster
- Naive-Bayes: might be good to be used.
-
- Underflow Prevention:
- Problem: Due to the “multiplicative” nature of the algorithms we are using, we might run into a floating-point underflow problem.
- Solution: transfer the calculations to the log-space where all the multiplications are transformed into additions.
-
- Tweaking the Performance of the Algorithms:
-
- Utilize Domain-Specific features and weights
- Upweighting: counting a word as if it occurred multiple times.


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{% extends "base_generic.html" %} {% block content %}
The University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill
The Gillings School of Global Public Health
Gillings Office of Innovation, Research, and Global Solutions
1789 Venture Lab


Test sulle immagini
Giorgio Sironi
Collaudare!
We need it, to "be Agile". But if you don't know how to write a certain category of tests, you're out of luck. You will avoid those tests.
Also, the kind of tests gives you no feedback on the quality of your design. This it not for TDD.
Fotografare
Selenium 2 JSON Wire Protocol
GET /session/:sessionId/screenshot
(PNG blob encoded in base64)
Selenium 2 allows you to use a REST-like API to startup browsers and using them not only to navigate but also to take screenshots.
Su browser multipli
array(
'browserName' => 'internet explorer',
'host' => SAUCE_HOST,
'port' => 4444,
'desiredCapabilities' => array(
'platform' => 'Windows 2008',
'version' => '9'
),
),
SauceLabs runs the infrastructure: provides a set of virtual machines for each operating system, browser and version.
Il riferimento
STORE_SCREENSHOTS=1 phpunit \
> spec/crossbrowser/PaymentPageDesktopTest.php
Running the tests with a special environment variable triggers the Storage Strategy instead of the Analysis one.
Confronto
$ phpunit spec/crossbrowser/PaymentPageDesktopTest.php
// under the covers:
$ convert screenshot.png screenshot.pnm
$ imgcmp -f reference.pnm -F screenshot.png -m mae \
> | paste -sd+ | bc
1.025523
// threshold can be as low as 0.0001
$ compare reference.png screenshot.png difference.png
Running the tests without any configuration generates a screenshot and compares it with the reference via Mean Average Error
(Android color rendering is an example of how the comparison cannot be exact. Byte contents in the PNG such as image metadata too
Risultati
Riferimento, generato, differenza dopo il fallimento
Conclusioni
Un test, tanti browser
Open source rende questo possibile
Test robusti richiedono lavoro
Thanks
Che assert() sia con voi


Meouzer.gitbub.io is a mirror site. Go to Github.com and search for Meouzer to get all the JavaScript code in one place.


All the forces we have just discussed in examples are contact forces. The underlying cause and fundamental interaction behind contact forces is the electric force which we now turn to.
Electricity is almost always caused by the movement of a single particle: the electron.
As far as we know the electron has no substructure (it is not made of anything else). It is a fundamental particle of Nature and it has the following properties:
The electromagnetic force acts on every particle that is charged. As we saw in week #1, the electron has one unit of negative electric charge. The proton has one unit of positive electric charge and the neutron is neutral and has zero electric charge. This means that the neutron does not feel the electric force while the electron and the proton do.
Experiments show that all charges that we see comes in integer units of an elementary charge e.
where Coulombs is the unit for charge (name after a physicist called Coulomb). The electron really has a charge of -e while the proton is +e but we often just say -1 and +1 where the 1 means 1 unit of the elementary charge e.
In the ancient world, it was observed that when rubbed, amber would give off sparks and attract (small) items.
We now understand that for some material it is possible to take away electrons or add more electrons simply by rubbing. We don't have a good understanding of this but for some material, the electrons on the surface can be easily taken away while other material can easily steal electrons when you rub them.
This excess or lack of electrons in a material leads to static electricity. The electric force is a powerful force, much stronger than gravity; even a small excess or lack of electrons can create huge effects.
By doing experiments we determined the following properties of the electric force
In the video below, you can see static electricity in real life. The person reacts very calmly (and correctly) when sparks from static electricity light the gas on fire!
>\ Note that she was touching her shirt.  A spark then occurs just when she touches the nozzle. This is very rare but do be careful! If you have a lot of static electricity touch your hand on the car to discharge.


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WITNESS LIST Teacher Health Insurance, Select Committee February 12, 2001-2:00P HB 12 For: Hodges, Anna (Self) Peters, Maureen (Self and Alliance of Dallas Educators / TFT-AFT) HB 1189 For: Dunn, David (TASB) Floyd, Beaman (TASA) Martinez, Louann (TASA) Teacher Health Insurance For: Alcorn, Bill (Self and Graford ISD) Alford, George Ann (Self) Ashbrook, Joan (Self) Bogue, James (Centra Heights ISD) Bridges, Linda (Corpus Christi AFT) Copeland, Becky (Self) Dziuk, Twila (Falls City ISD) Earley, Terry (Self) Egg, Donald (Gauade ISD) Esterby, ReNae (Self) Freeman, Buddy (Self) Freeman, Ray (Self) Gill, Doris Jean (Self and Texas Elementary Principals and Supervisors Association) Grusendorf, Bill (Texas Association of Rural Schools) Hartman, Eric (Texas Federation of Teachers) Hodges, Anna (Self) Hord, Cathy (Texas Classroom Teachers Association) Jones, Don (Self) Keys, John (Sterling City ISD) Largent, James (Chireno ISD) Laurence, Ernie (Self and Hutto ISD) Lee, Mike (Booker ISD) Mayfield, James (Self) McCuistion, Lowell (Douglass ISD) Morton, Dale (Wells ISD) Morton, James (Self and Prairiland ISD) Myers, Terry (Cleveland ISD) New Haschke, Donna (Texas State Teachers Association) Newberry, Alton (Falls City ISD) Noland, Jimmy (Self) Nwosu, Rae (Self) Perry, Russ (Harrold ISD) Peters, Maureen (Self and Alliance of Dallas Educators / TFT-AFT) Peters, Steve (Irion ISD) Pollan, Judy (Daingerfield ISD) Potter, Shelley (San Antonio Federation of Teachers) Shaw, Larry (Self and United Educators Association) Skipper, Barbara (Self and Sabinal ISD) Smith, Mike (Texas Association of Community Schools) Snow, Billy (Self) Suggs, Nancy (Self) Thompson, Charles (Riviera ISD) Thrash, Susie (Self and ATPE) Turner, Tommy (Miller Grove ISD) Wallace, Karla (Self and Vernon ISD) Weatherby, Lynda (Self) Woodard, Nancy (McLean ISD) Youngblood, James (Self) On: Floyd, Darrell (Stephenville ISD) Hillyer, Richard (Self and Several School Districts) Kingston, Bill (Coahoma ISD) Reim, Bob (Self) Terry, Mike (Etoile ISD)


Records: Man sent warning before wife, sons were killed
by The Associated PressSAN DIEGO — Court records say a San Diego man who shot his estranged wife and three sons to death before taking his own life had sent the woman a photo of a handgun and the warning: “it’s sure happening.”
Police on Monday said 31-year-old Jose Valdivia killed 29-year-old Sabrina Rosario during an argument Saturday — one day after she’d obtained a restraining order against him.
Police say he also killed 3-year-old Enzi Valdivia; 5-year-old Zuriel Valdivia and 11-year-old Zeth Valdivia.
Nine-year-old Ezekiel Valdivia remains on life-support.
The couple were in the midst of a divorce.
KFMB-TV says Rosario filed court documents saying Valdivia had repeatedly threatened and harassed her and showed up at the Paradise Hills home unannounced.
Documents say he sent the threatening handgun photo on Nov. 6 — 10 days before the murder-suicide.
The Associated Press


The navigation helpers are used for rendering navigational elements from Zend\Navigation\Navigation instances.
There are 5 built-in helpers:
All built-in helpers extend Zend\View\Helper\Navigation\AbstractHelper, which adds integration with ACL and translation. The abstract class implements the interface Zend\View\Helper\Navigation\HelperInterface, which defines the following methods:
In addition to the method stubs from the interface, the abstract class also implements the following methods:
If a container is not explicitly set, the helper will create an empty Zend\Navigation\Navigation container when calling $helper->getContainer().
Navigation view helpers use the magic method __call() to proxy method calls to the navigation container that is registered in the view helper.
1 2 3 | $this->navigation()->addPage(array(
'type' => 'uri',
'label' => 'New page'));
|
The call above will add a page to the container in the Navigation helper.
The navigation helpers support translation of page labels and titles. You can set a translator of type Zend\I18n\Translator in the helper using $helper->setTranslator($translator).
If you want to disable translation, use $helper->setUseTranslator(false).
The proxy helper will inject its own translator to the helper it proxies to if the proxied helper doesn’t already have a translator.
Note
There is no translation in the sitemap helper, since there are no page labels or titles involved in an XML sitemap.
All navigational view helpers support ACL inherently from the class Zend\View\Helper\Navigation\AbstractHelper. An object implementing Zend\Permissions\Acl\AclInterface can be assigned to a helper instance with $helper->setAcl($acl), and role with $helper->setRole(‘member’) or $helper->setRole(new Zend\Permissions\Acl\Role\GenericRole(‘member’)). If ACL is used in the helper, the role in the helper must be allowed by the ACL to access a page’s resource and/or have the page’s privilege for the page to be included when rendering.
If a page is not accepted by ACL, any descendant page will also be excluded from rendering.
The proxy helper will inject its own ACL and role to the helper it proxies to if the proxied helper doesn’t already have any.
The examples below all show how ACL affects rendering.
The source code of this file is hosted on GitHub. Everyone can update and fix errors in this document with few clicks - no downloads needed.