{% extends 'index.html' %} {% block content %} get in touch contact Don't be shy ! Feel free to get in touch with me. I am always open to discussing new projects, creative ideas or opportunities to be part of your visions. mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>call me+9(72)504438701 {% csrf_token %} Send Message {% endblock %}
Feel free to get in touch with me. I am always open to discussing new projects, creative ideas or opportunities to be part of your visions.
mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>call me+9(72)504438701


Drawing Covid is a Visual Archive of the Covid-19 Pandemic
We understand that the pandemic has presented us with a multitude of
challenges. While we may not look back very fondly on these strange
times in the distant future, our hope is that this archive of
drawings will remind us of the resilience that we have cultivated
during this crisis.


Commute smarter with Sakay.ph! This commuting guide will provide you with the knowledge you need to venture out in the commuting landscape through various tips and tricks as well as a step-by-step guide to to help you in traveling around the metro like a veteran.
Get StartedWalking is unavoidable in order to get around. When walking long or even short distances, it is always best to stay aware of your surroundings at all times.
Always walk on the sidewalks, and not on the road itself.
 Be constantly aware of your surroundings to prevent your belongings from being easily snatched.
Look towards the direction of the oncoming traffic before crossing, not on the opposite side.
Cross at a steady pace, but don’t dally from crossing. Taking too long will irritate the drivers.
Don’t text or chat while crossing the street.
Jeepneys are the most common mode of transportation. They have fixed routes and are used both for short and long distances. These modified war vehicles are usually made of stainless steel decorated with bright and colorful designs.
Jeepneys usually have signboards on their windshield with their stops written on it. They also have their stops written on the sides of the jeepneys!
Raise your hand to hail down your chosen jeepney. If you’re not sure whether the jeepney is passing by your location, you can always ask the driver before getting on board.
After getting a seat, pay by calling out "Bayad po!" and reach out with your payment.
Say "Para po!" to halt the jeepney when you arrive at your destination. Some jeepneys have strings that you can pull on to signal the driver to stop.
Keep your belongings close to keep it safe. Try to cover the sides to avoid thieves from slashing your bag.
The Metro Railway Transit and Light Railway Transit cover long distances and provide a direct way to different places throughout the metro. This mode of transportation can get rather crowded during the rush hour.
Line up at the cashier. The fares per station are located at the window. Choose between single-journey and stored value. Prepare your fare before-hand.
Tell the cashier your stop, pay, and get your card.
 Do not leave it there; you should get it back!
Line up behind the yellow brackets. When boarding, it is generally a good idea to stand at the sides and let people exit first.
Get on the train and find a seat. During rush hour, this is a race. If none, find a place to stand. Generally, standing near the doors lets you off faster.
Listen to the announcer for the next stop. When in doubt, check the back of the card for the map.
 Insert the card into the terminal and proceed.If you chose the single-journey card, proceed. If you chose the stored-value card you should be able to get it back.
There will be signs pointing you to your exit. If you’re not sure which way to go, the security guards are willing to help.
Buses are best for long-distance transportation. They operate not only within Metro Manila, but they also traverse long distances to the provinces. The buses that have provincial routes have scheduled trips.
Buses have signboards with their stops in front. There are many signboards so try to start looking for your stop from a good distance.
Raise your hand to hail down the bus. Board and try to look for a seat as fast as you traverse the aisle. If there is none, make sure you’re not standing in the middle as to not block the way.
The conductor will approach you for payment. Tell him your stop and pay the fare. He’ll give you a ticket in return; keep it.
Another conductor may board the bus and ask for your ticket. Make sure to keep it in a handy place!
The conductor will shout out the stops. Approach the door when you hear yours.
Tricycles are used for short-distance travel and can carry up to five passengers (or more). It has two modes: regular, which would wait for all five passengers, and special, which would cater to you and your companions for a much higher price.
For regular: Get on the tricycle.
For special: Tell the driver your destination before boarding the tricycle.
For regular: Tell the driver "Para po" when you are near or at your destination.
For special: Give specific instructions to your destination
Pay once you get off the tricycle. Don’t forget to slip in a "Thank you"!
Originally known as the Tamaraw FX, the FX is a much more comfortable and more expensive ride than the jeepney. The vehicles used vary - there is the original that seats ten people and the van that can seat up to eighteen.
FXs have signboards in front with their stops written on it. They also have their start and end terminals written on the sides of their doors.
Raise your hand to hail down the FX. You can choose to sit in the front, in the middle, or at the back.
Pay by calling out "Bayad po!" along with your destination and the number of people you’re paying for. If you’re seated at the back, you can ask those seated in front of you to pass it forward.
Tell the driver "Para po" when you are near or at your destination.
In case you ride from the terminal, there will be cases where payment will be collected by a conductor. Tell him your stop and pay.
Taxis can take you anywhere in the city, but they will usually charge you more if you go outside the metro. You can hail these down from the main roads to bring you to your destination. However, some taxis may turn you down depending on the location of your destination.
Tell the driver your destination before boarding.
The meter on your dashboard will tell you your fare.
If the driver isn’t familiar with your destination, guide him. Pay him once you arrive.
Take note of the license plate on the inside of the door. Text the taxi’s plate number to someone if you need to.
Always stay alert during your commute and make sure there is nothing suspicious going on inside the taxi. If there is, ask to be dropped off immediately.
An E-Jeepney works very much like a regular jeepney. However, it runs on electricity so it runs smoother and quieter, and it’s also helpful to the environment, compared to its counterpart: the regular diesel-powered jeeps.
The Comet E-Jeep’s payment system is through a reloadable card. You can buy this from their booth at the terminal.
The card comes with a set amount of load which you can reload at the terminals at the booth. Do so if your balance will not be enough.
Tap your card against the sensor at the entrance of the E-Jeep before boarding.
The Comet E-Jeep has designated stops throughout its route. Once you’ve reached your destination, alight the E-Jeep.


struct::matrix - Create and manipulate matrix objects
A matrix is a rectangular collection of cells, i.e. organized in rows and columns. Each cell contains exactly one value of arbitrary form. The cells in the matrix are addressed by pairs of integer numbers, with the first (left) number in the pair specifying the column and the second (right) number specifying the row the cell is in. These indices are counted from 0 upward. The special non-numeric index end refers to the last row or column in the matrix, depending on the context. Indices of the form end-number are counted from the end of the row or column, like they are for standard Tcl lists. Trying to access non-existing cells causes an error.
The matrices here are created empty, i.e. they have neither rows nor columns. The user then has to add rows and columns as needed by his application. A specialty of this structure is the ability to export an array-view onto its contents. Such can be used by tkTable, for example, to link the matrix into the display.
The main command of the package is:
The command creates a new matrix object with an associated global Tcl command whose name is matrixName. This command may be used to invoke various operations on the matrix. It has the following general form:
Option and the args determine the exact behavior of the command.
If matrixName is not specified a unique name will be generated by the package itself. If a source is specified the new matrix will be initialized to it. For the operators =, :=, and as the argument source is interpreted as the name of another matrix object, and the assignment operator = will be executed. For deserialize the source is a serialized matrix object and deserialize will be executed.
In other words
::struct::matrix mymatrix = b
is equivalent to
::struct::matrix mymatrix mymatrix = b
and
::struct::matrix mymatrix deserialize $b
is equivalent to
::struct::matrix mymatrix mymatrix deserialize $b
The following commands are possible for matrix objects:
This is the assignment operator for matrix objects. It copies the matrix contained in the matrix object sourcematrix over the matrix data in matrixName. The old contents of matrixName are deleted by this operation.
This operation is in effect equivalent to
matrixName deserialize [sourcematrix serialize]
This is the reverse assignment operator for matrix objects. It copies the matrix contained in the matrix object matrixName over the matrix data in the object destmatrix. The old contents of destmatrix are deleted by this operation.
This operation is in effect equivalent to
destmatrix deserialize [matrixName serialize]
Extends the matrix by one column and then acts like set column (see below) on this new column if there were values supplied. Without values the new cells will be set to the empty string. The new column is appended immediately behind the last existing column.
Extends the matrix by one row and then acts like set row (see below) on this new row if there were values supplied. Without values the new cells will be set to the empty string. The new row is appended immediately behind the last existing row.
Extends the matrix by n columns. The new cells will be set to the empty string. The new columns are appended immediately behind the last existing column. A value of n equal to or smaller than 0 is not allowed.
Extends the matrix by n rows. The new cells will be set to the empty string. The new rows are appended immediately behind the last existing row. A value of n equal to or smaller than 0 is not allowed.
Returns the number of cells currently managed by the matrix. This is the product of rows and columns.
Returns the length of the string representation of the value currently contained in the addressed cell.
Returns the number of columns currently managed by the matrix.
Returns the length of the longest string representation of all the values currently contained in the cells of the addressed column if these are all spanning only one line. For cell values spanning multiple lines the length of their longest line goes into the computation.
Note: The command recognizes ANSI color control sequences and excludes them from the width of a line, as they are logically of zero width.
Note: The command properly recognizes and accounts for Asian double-wide characters.
In other words, the returned length is the number of terminal columns taken by the string, and not the number of characters.
Deletes the specified column from the matrix and shifts all columns with higher indices one index down.
Deletes n columns from the right of the matrix. The value of n has to satisfy the constraint "0 < n < [matrixName columns]"
Deletes the specified row from the matrix and shifts all row with higher indices one index down.
Deletes n rows from the bottom of the matrix. The value of n has to satisfy the constraint "0 < n < [matrixName rows]"
This is the complement to serialize. It replaces matrix data in matrixName with the matrix described by the serialization value. The old contents of matrixName are deleted by this operation.
Destroys the matrix, including its storage space and associated command.
Formats the matrix using the specified report object and returns the string containing the result of this operation. The report has to support the printmatrix method. If no report is specified the system will use an internal report definition to format the matrix.
Formats the matrix using the specified report object and writes the string containing the result of this operation into the channel. The report has to support the printmatrix2channel method. If no report is specified the system will use an internal report definition to format the matrix. If no channel is specified the system will use stdout.
Returns the value currently contained in the cell identified by row and column index.
Returns a list containing the values from all cells in the column identified by the index. The contents of the cell in row 0 are stored as the first element of this list.
Returns a list of lists of cell values. The values stored in the result come from the sub-matrix whose top-left and bottom-right cells are specified by column_tl, row_tl and column_br, row_br resp. Note that the following equations have to be true: "column_tl <= column_br" and "row_tl <= row_br". The result is organized as follows: The outer list is the list of rows, its elements are lists representing a single row. The row with the smallest index is the first element of the outer list. The elements of the row lists represent the selected cell values. The cell with the smallest index is the first element in each row list.
Returns a list containing the values from all cells in the row identified by the index. The contents of the cell in column 0 are stored as the first element of this list.
Extends the matrix by one column and then acts like set column (see below) on this new column if there were values supplied. Without values the new cells will be set to the empty string. The new column is inserted just before the column specified by the given index. This means, if column is less than or equal to zero, then the new column is inserted at the beginning of the matrix, before the first column. If column has the value end, or if it is greater than or equal to the number of columns in the matrix, then the new column is appended to the matrix, behind the last column. The old column at the chosen index and all columns with higher indices are shifted one index upward.
Extends the matrix by one row and then acts like set row (see below) on this new row if there were values supplied. Without values the new cells will be set to the empty string. The new row is inserted just before the row specified by the given index. This means, if row is less than or equal to zero, then the new row is inserted at the beginning of the matrix, before the first row. If row has the value end, or if it is greater than or equal to the number of rows in the matrix, then the new row is appended to the matrix, behind the last row. The old row at that index and all rows with higher indices are shifted one index upward.
Links the matrix to the specified array variable. This means that the contents of all cells in the matrix is stored in the array too, with all changes to the matrix propagated there too. The contents of the cell (column,row) is stored in the array using the key column,row. If the option -transpose is specified the key row,column will be used instead. It is possible to link the matrix to more than one array. Note that the link is bidirectional, i.e. changes to the array are mirrored in the matrix too.
Returns a list containing the names of all array variables the matrix was linked to through a call to method link.
Returns the height of the specified row in lines. This is the highest number of lines spanned by a cell over all cells in the row.
Returns the number of rows currently managed by the matrix.
Searches the whole matrix for cells matching the pattern and returns a list with all matches. Each item in the aforementioned list is a list itself and contains the column and row index of the matching cell, in this order. The results are ordered by column first and row second, both times in ascending order. This means that matches to the left and the top of the matrix come before matches to the right and down.
The type of the pattern (string, glob, regular expression) is determined by the option after the search keyword. If no option is given it defaults to -exact.
If the option -nocase is specified the search will be case-insensitive.
Like search all, but the search is restricted to the specified column.
Like search all, but the search is restricted to the specified row.
Like search all, but the search is restricted to the specified rectangular area of the matrix.
This method serializes the sub-matrix spanned up by the rectangle specification. In other words it returns a tcl value completely describing that matrix. If no rectangle is specified the whole matrix will be serialized. This allows, for example, the transfer of matrix objects (or parts thereof) over arbitrary channels, persistence, etc. This method is also the basis for both the copy constructor and the assignment operator.
The result of this method has to be semantically identical over all implementations of the matrix interface. This is what will enable us to copy matrix data between different implementations of the same interface.
The result is a list containing exactly three items.
The first two elements of the list specify the number of rows and columns of the matrix, in that order. The values integer numbers greater than or equal to zero.
The last element of the list contains the values of the matrix cells we have serialized, in the form of a value like it is returned by the get rect. However empty cells to the right and bottom of the matrix can be left out of that value as the size information in the serialization allows the receiver the creation of a matrix with the proper size despite the missing values.
# A possible serialization for the matrix structure # # | a b d g | # | c e | # | f | # # is # # 3 4 {{a b d g} {c e} {f}}
Sets the value in the cell identified by row and column index to the data in the third argument.
Sets the values in the cells identified by the column index to the elements of the list provided as the third argument. Each element of the list is assigned to one cell, with the first element going into the cell in row 0 and then upward. If there are less values in the list than there are rows the remaining rows are set to the empty string. If there are more values in the list than there are rows the superfluous elements are ignored. The matrix is not extended by this operation.
Takes a list of lists of cell values and writes them into the submatrix whose top-left cell is specified by the two indices. If the sublists of the outerlist are not of equal length the shorter sublists will be filled with empty strings to the length of the longest sublist. If the submatrix specified by the top-left cell and the number of rows and columns in the values extends beyond the matrix we are modifying the over-extending parts of the values are ignored, i.e. essentially cut off. This subcommand expects its input in the format as returned by get rect.
Sets the values in the cells identified by the row index to the elements of the list provided as the third argument. Each element of the list is assigned to one cell, with the first element going into the cell in column 0 and then upward. If there are less values in the list than there are columns the remaining columns are set to the empty string. If there are more values in the list than there are columns the superfluous elements are ignored. The matrix is not extended by this operation.
Sorts the columns in the matrix using the data in the specified row as the key to sort by. The options -increasing and -decreasing have the same meaning as for lsort. If no option is specified -increasing is assumed.
Sorts the rows in the matrix using the data in the specified column as the key to sort by. The options -increasing and -decreasing have the same meaning as for lsort. If no option is specified -increasing is assumed.
Swaps the contents of the two specified columns.
Swaps the contents of the two specified rows.
Transposes the contents of the matrix, i.e. swaps rows for columns and vice versa.
Removes the link between the matrix and the specified arrayvariable, if there is one.
The examples below assume a 5x5 matrix M with the first row containing the values 1 to 5, with 1 in the top-left cell. Each other row contains the contents of the row above it, rotated by one cell to the right.
% M get rect 0 0 4 4 {{1 2 3 4 5} {5 1 2 3 4} {4 5 1 2 3} {3 4 5 1 2} {2 3 4 5 1}}
% M set rect 1 1 {{0 0 0} {0 0 0} {0 0 0}} % M get rect 0 0 4 4 {{1 2 3 4 5} {5 0 0 0 4} {4 0 0 0 3} {3 0 0 0 2} {2 3 4 5 1}}
Assuming that the style definitions in the example section of the manpage for the package report are loaded into the interpreter now an example which formats a matrix into a tabular report. The code filling the matrix with data is not shown. contains useful data.
% ::struct::matrix m % # ... fill m with data, assume 5 columns % ::report::report r 5 style captionedtable 1 % m format 2string r +---+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+ |000|VERSIONS: |2:8.4a3|1:8.4a3|1:8.4a3%| +---+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+ |001|CATCH return ok |7 |13 |53.85 | |002|CATCH return error |68 |91 |74.73 | |003|CATCH no catch used|7 |14 |50.00 | |004|IF if true numeric |12 |33 |36.36 | |005|IF elseif |15 |47 |31.91 | | |true numeric | | | | +---+-------------------+-------+-------+--------+ % % # alternate way of doing the above % r printmatrix m
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems. Please report such in the category struct :: matrix of the Tcllib Trackers. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either package and/or documentation.
When proposing code changes, please provide unified diffs, i.e the output of diff -u.
Note further that attachments are strongly preferred over inlined patches. Attachments can be made by going to the Edit form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then using the left-most button in the secondary navigation bar.
Data structures
Copyright © 2002-2013,2019,2022 Andreas Kupries <andreas.kupries@gmail.com>


--- layout: post title: 'Stratosphere Demo Paper Accepted for BTW 2013' date: 2012-11-12 14:57:18 categories: news ---
Our demo submission
"Applying Stratosphere for Big Data Analytics"
has been accepted for BTW 2013 in Magdeburg, Germany.
The demo focuses on Stratosphere's query language Meteor, which has been presented in our paper "Meteor/Sopremo: An Extensible Query Language and Operator Model" [pdf] at the BigData workshop associated with VLDB 2012 in Istanbul.
Visit our demo, and talk to us if you are going to attend BTW 2013.
Abstract:
Analyzing big data sets as they occur in modern business and science applications requires query languages that allow for the specification of complex data processing tasks. Moreover, these ideally declarative query specifications have to be optimized, parallelized and scheduled for processing on massively parallel data processing platforms. This paper demonstrates the application of Stratosphere to different kinds of Big Data Analytics tasks. Using examples from different application domains, we show how to formulate analytical tasks as Meteor queries and execute them with Stratosphere. These examples include data cleansing and information extraction tasks, and a correlation analysis of microblogging and stock trade volume data that we describe in detail in this paper.


NOTE: unless otherwise noted,
the references below point to
specific sections and figures in the on-line
technical report available at:
http://mrg.doc.ic.ac.uk/publications/lightweight-session-programming-in-scala/paper.pdf
.
Requirements
These instructions assume an Unix-like operating system with Java 8 as default JRE/JDK. They have been tested on Ubuntu (14.04 and 15.10), Debian GNU/Linux (Sid, April 2016), and Mac OS X (10.10 and 10.11). They should also work on Windows with minor adaptations.
For some examples, and to generate the benchmark plots, you will also need Python 2.7.x and matplotlib.
Initial setup on Ubuntu (14.04 and later)
If you use Ubuntu (or recent versions of Debian GNU/Linux), this section provides detailed instructions that should be followed before compiling the sources.
-
If you are using Ubuntu 14.04,
you might first need to
enable the software repositories for Java 8. Open a terminal
and execute the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa # Not needed on Ubuntu ≥ 14.10 sudo apt-get update # Not needed on Ubuntu ≥ 14.10
-
On all Ubuntu/Debian versions,
you need to ensure that Java 8 is
installed and selected as the default JRE/JDK. Thus, you should
execute the following commands:
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk # Alternatively: oracle-java8-jdk sudo update-alternatives --config java # Ensure that Java 8 is selected sudo update-alternatives --config javac # Ensure that Java 8 is selected
-
Moreover, in order to generate the benchmark plots, you might also
need to execute:
sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib
Compiling the sources
-
You will need
sbt
0.13.x: the installation instructions for various OSs are available here. -
Open a terminal, and
cd
inside thelchannels/
directory. NOTE: from now on, all commands must be launched from this position. -
Execute the following command:
This will causesbt compile
sbt
to automatically download all missing dependencies (including Scala 2.11.8) and compilelchannels
.
Examples
To launch the examples, execute:
sbt "project examples" run
You will get a prompt similar to the following:
Multiple main classes detected, select one to run: [1] lchannels.examples.calc.Local [2] lchannels.examples.calc.Queue [3] lchannels.examples.chat.demo.Local [4] lchannels.examples.game.a.Actor [5] lchannels.examples.game.b.Actor [6] lchannels.examples.game.c.Actor [7] lchannels.examples.game.demo.Local [8] lchannels.examples.game.demo.Queue [9] lchannels.examples.game.server.Actor [10] lchannels.examples.greeting.ActorClient [11] lchannels.examples.greeting.ActorServer [12] lchannels.examples.greeting.Local [13] lchannels.examples.greeting.Queue [14] lchannels.examples.greeting.SocketClient [15] lchannels.examples.greeting.StreamClient [16] lchannels.examples.http.server.Server [17] lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.ActorClient [18] lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.ActorServer [19] lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.Local [20] lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.SocketClient [21] lchannels.examples.sleepingbarber.demo.Local [22] lchannels.examples.threebuyer.alice.Actor [23] lchannels.examples.threebuyer.bob.Actor [24] lchannels.examples.threebuyer.carol.Actor [25] lchannels.examples.threebuyer.demo.Local [26] lchannels.examples.threebuyer.seller.Actor Enter number:
The prompt allows to choose among:
-
lchannels.examples.calc
: a client and server that perform simple mathematical operations. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.chat
: the "chat server with frontend" case study, described in §1, §6.1 and §B.1 of the technical report. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.greeting
: client and server implementing the "greeting protocol" of §2.1 and Example 4.2. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting
: similar to the above, but based on session classes that have been automatically generated from this protocol specification, using an extended version of the Scribble tool. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.sleepingbarber
: the "sleeping barber" of Example 4.3. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.http
: HTTP server supporting the GET method. The implementation is based on session classes that have been automatically generated from this protocol specification, using an extended version of the Scribble tool. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.sleepingbarber
: the "sleeping barber" of Example 4.3. (Source) -
lchannels.examples.game
: three players connect to a game server, that creates a multiparty session allowing the players to interact directly. (Source) This example shows how type-safe multiparty sessions, and distributed multiparty delegation, can be implemented on top of the binary channel endpoints provided bylchannels
. This is based on the theoretical results presented in this technical report. Note that the protocol classes used in this example (collected in these files) are automatically generated from this protocol specification, using an extended version of the Scribble tool. -
lchannels.examples.threebuyer
: two buyers connect to a seller to purchase a book, involving a third buyer if the price is too high. (Source) This example is also based on the theoretical results presented in this technical report. The protocol classes are automatically generated from this protocol specification, using an extended version of the Scribble tool.
Running the examples
-
All examples ending
with
.Local
can be launched simply by selecting their corresponding number. They will spawn their components as separate threads (e.g., a server and one or more clients) that interact viaLocalChannel
s (§3.2). Their activity is reported via on-screen log messages. -
All examples ending
with
.Queue
can be launched simply by selecting their corresponding number. Similarly to the.Local
case above,.Queue
examples will spawn their components as separate threads; the difference is that they interact viaQueueChannel
s (§5). -
lchannels.examples.greeting.ActorClient
/.ActorServer
launch the "greeting client/server" above using actor-based channels (§5). In this case, the client and server can be launched on different JVMs, and they can still interact (thanks to Akka Remoting). Hence, you need to:-
first, launch the server by
selecting
lchannels.examples.greeting.ActorServer
from the prompt above; -
second, while the server is running, on another terminal execute again:
and from the prompt, selectsbt "project examples" run
lchannels.examples.greeting.ActorClient
.
-
first, launch the server by
selecting
-
lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.ActorClient
/.ActorServer
: similar to the previous case. -
lchannels.examples.game.(a / b / c / server).Actor
is the 3-player game using actor-based channels. Theserver
and the three playersa
,b
,c
can be launched on different JVMs, and in this case, a distributed multiparty session delegation will occur transparently. If you want to try it, you need to:-
first, launch the
server
by selectinglchannels.examples.game.server.Actor
from the prompt above; -
then, while the server is running,
on three other terminals you should execute again:
and from the prompt, selectsbt "project examples" run
lchannels.examples.game.(a / b / c).Actor
. Note that the server creates the multiparty session and performs a (distributed) delegation: i.e., when the 3 players start interacting, the session becomes independent from the server, and when the server JVM terminates, the ongoing game is not disturbed.
-
first, launch the
-
lchannels.examples.threebuyer.(alice / bob / carol / seller).Actor
is the three-buyer example using actor-based channels. Similarly to the previous example, theseller
and the three buyersalice
,bob
,carol
can be launched on different JVMs, and in this case, a distributed multiparty session delegation will occur transparently (depending on Alice's choices). If you want to try it, you need to:-
first, launch the
seller
andcarol
, on two separate terminals, by selectinglchannels.examples.threebuyer.seller.Actor
andlchannels.examples.threebuyer.carol.Actor
from the prompt above; -
then, while both are running,
on two other terminals you should
select
lchannels.examples.game.(alice / bob).Actor
.
-
first, launch the
-
lchannels.examples.greeting.StreamClient
/.SocketClient
launch the "greeting client" above usingStreamChannel
s (§5 and §A.1 in the technical report) orSocketChannel
s (not mentioned in the technical report). TheStreamChannel
/SocketChannel
, in turn, is created by connecting to an external "greeting server", through a TCP/IP socket; for this reason, before launching this example, you need to start the "greeting server". On another terminal, execute:
When the "greeting server" is waiting for connections, you can selectpython scripts/greeting-server.py # Listens on <IP_ADDRESS>:1337
lchannels.examples.greeting.StreamClient
/SocketClient
from the prompt above. Note that, as stated in §5 of the technical report, the "greeting server" does not need to uselchannels
, and can be written in any language (we used Python). -
lchannels.examples.scribblegreeting.SocketClient
: similar to the previous case.
Browsing the source code
The source code for all examples can be found under
examples/src/...
.
The main differences wrt. the code snippets in the technical report are the addition of log messages, and in some cases the presence of parameters that were omitted for simplicity of exposition. For instance:
-
some methods for creating instances
of
In
/Out
channels takeimplicit
parameters, such as theExecutionContext
for running Scala'sFuture.onComplete()
callbacks. As customary, such implicit parameters have been mostly omitted in the technical report (but of course, they are reported in the API documentation); -
the chat server code shown in §6.1.2 invokes
LocalChannel.factory()
to create new pairs of channels; the corresponding code in ChatServer.scala (line 200), instead, usessfactory
, which is aChatServer
parameter that can be instantiated e.g. withLocalChannel.factory
,ActorChannel.factory
, etc.: it allows to decouple the chat server implementation from the channel transport.
Benchmarks
The benchmarks (§6.2 of the technical report) can be run by executing:
./scripts/benchmark.sh
The command above launches a reduced version of the benchmarks, that should terminate pretty quickly.
If you want to replicate the measurements in §6.2 of the technical report (which take much longer and can be stressful for the Java GC) you can execute instead:
./scripts/benchmark.sh 10 2000000 # Meaning: 10 JVM invocations, ~2000000 message exchanges
In both cases above, you will obtain:
-
a
bench/
directory, with several sub-directories: each one contains the results of the benchmarks for a distinct JVM invocation; -
the cumulative benchmark results, created by aggregating the
measurements under
bench/*/
:pingpong.csv
,ring.csv
,ring-stream.csv
andchameneos.csv
. Such aggregated results have been used to generate Figure 9 in the technical report; -
one
.pdf
file for each.csv
file above, containing the plot of the benchmark results.
The source code for the benchmarks can be found under
benchmarks/src/...
.
API documentation and source code pointers
The API documentation forlchannels
is
automatically generated from source code comments, with:
sbt "project lchannels" doc
After running the command above, the documentation
can be browsed by
opening lchannels/target/scala-2.11/api/index.html
.
For reference, a (possibly outdated) copy of the documentation
is also
available online
(last update: May 3, 2016).
Here are some selected links:
-
Base classes (§3.1 in the technical report):
In
,Out
(Source) -
LocalChannel
s (§3.2 in the technical report):LocalIn
,LocalOut
(Source) -
QueueChannel
s (§5 in the technical report):QueueIn
,QueueOut
(Source) -
ActorChannel
s (§5 in the technical report):ActorIn
,ActorOut
(Source) -
StreamChannel
s (§5 in the technical report):StreamIn
,StreamOut
,StreamManager
(Source) -
SocketChannel
s (not mentioned in the technical report):SocketIn
,SocketOut
,SocketManager
(Source)
Some other features and details:
-
lchannels
-based FIFO queue (Example 4.1 in the technical report):lchannels.util.Fifo
(Source) -
Medium-parametric channel endpoints (§A.1 in the technical report):
medium.In
,medium.Out
(Source)
Miscellaneous remarks
-
You might notice that
the directory
examples/lib/
contains a file calledakka-typed-experimental_2.11-2.4.2.jar
. It is a slightly modified version of the corresponding (experimental) Akka module, automatically loaded when running thelchannels
examples. The modification consists in the following patch to the Akka 2.4.2 source code:--- a/akka-typed/src/main/scala/akka/typed/ActorRef.scala +++ b/akka-typed/src/main/scala/akka/typed/ActorRef.scala @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ trait ScalaActorRef[-T] { this: ActorRef[T] ⇒ } object ActorRef { - private class Combined[T](val untypedRef: akka.actor.ActorRef) extends ActorRef[T] with ScalaActorRef[T] + private class Combined[T](val untypedRef: akka.actor.ActorRef) extends ActorRef[T] with ScalaActorRef[T] with Serializable implicit def toScalaActorRef[T](ref: ActorRef[T]): ScalaActorRef[T] = ref.asInstanceOf[ScalaActorRef[T]]
We applied such a patch to enable serialization of typed actor references; it will become unnecessary if/when Akka Typed will become stable.
Troubleshooting
-
If you get an error similar to:
java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: ... : Unsupported major.minor version 52.0
It means that Java 8 is not your default JRE/JDK, as required.


+++ categories = ["micro"] date = "2007-09-30T09:02:10" tags = ["tumblr, art, mail"] title = "Tim Knowles - Postal Works - Spy Box" +++
A digital camera inside a parcel looks out through a small hole and captures images of its journey through the postal system.


I find the whole assume everyone is good until proven otherwise is a mentality I've tried to foster thoughout my life. In some moments in life it is definitely harder to maintain this attitude towards people (e.g. if you're going through a stressful time, or you've recently been let down or hurt) and I've found it a lot easier to think of people in this way when I'm generally happy in life. Thinking about this made me think about when I was a child and how being much more naive in life made me have this attitude to pretty much everyone I met back then and how easily friends are made when we're young because youre way less aware of people's negative traits.
Anyway, a bit of a waffle. I haven't specifically used the techniques mentioned in the chapter and I haven't really taken note of whether people are more drawn or trusting of me when i have fostered this attitude but, personally, I find I enjoy being around people who are not judgemental and do not harbour negative assumptions about others, and being around that type of energy definitely makes me happy and sets me at ease. and that makes me want be good and non judgemental to others too.
It went well I think my partner and I try to be as empathetic as possible when we listen to people anyway, so it was just really enjoyable on both sides.
Fine, it was quite predictable. I think you're inevitably going to feel connected and empathetic towards someone you care about and probably already hope for positive things for them, at least, I do.
Situation: I once worked as a receptionist and during the office shift my manager assigned me the job of packing everything in the office that wasn't spoken for and to then organise all these things in the new office. Needless to say, there was a shitload of stuff to deal with.
My perspective:
I felt extremely exploited and completely overworked during this period (which was over a period of weeks) because the work I was doing was well beyond my receptionist duties. This was a job that should have been assigned to a team of people, from actual movers to pack up the stuff in the old office, to the whole organisational staff to help unpack and reorganise it in the new one. It should not have been solely my responsibiity. I should also mention, this was all on top of my regular every day duties.
Manager's perspective:
The organisation had just undergone a big management transition and under this new management I was under some pressure to manage the office shift in as cost effective a way as possible. And, seen as I had Maxine as an administrator I thought it would be appropriate to assign her the job of packing and reorganising all the leftover things in the office. I also knew that Maxine would be leaving in a couple of weeks, so I felt like I should utilise her organisational skills in as effective a way as possible before she left.


2015 PPS Update: Learn more about changes to the Face-to-Face and Therapy Reassesments regulations. Read more


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Functions
Description
$ \newcommand{\He}{\text{He}} \newcommand{\HeI}{\text{HeI}} \newcommand{\HeII}{\text{HeII}} \newcommand{\HeIII}{\text{HeIII}} \newcommand{\Hy}{\text{H}} \newcommand{\HyI}{\text{HI}} \newcommand{\HyII}{\text{HII}} \newcommand{\e}{{\text{e}^-}} $
The NcRecomb abstract object describe a general recombination process. To describe the functions we have the following definitions, more details in Weinberg (2008).
We refer to the total number of hydrogen nucleus (ionized or not) as $n_{\Hy}$, the neutral hydrogen atoms as $n_{\HyI}$ and ionized hydrogen as $n_{\HyII}$ and, therefore, $n_{\HyI} + n_{\HyII} = n_{\Hy}$. Similarly, the number of helium nuclei is $n_{\He}$ and the neutral, single and double ionized are $n_{\HeI}$, $n_{\HeII}$ and $n_{\HeIII}$, respectively.
We also define the helium primordial abundance as the ratio of the helium mass to the total baryonic mass, i.e., \begin{align}\label{def:Yp} Y_p = \frac{n_{\He} m_{\He}}{(n_{\He} m_{\He} + n_{\Hy} m_{\Hy})}, \end{align} where $m_{\Hy}$ and $m_{\He}$ are the hydrogen and helium masses.
The element abundances are defined as the ratio of the element by the total number of free protons $n_p \equiv n_\Hy$: \begin{align} X_{f} = \frac{n_{f}}{n_p}, \end{align} where $f$ is any one of the elements described above and $\e$ represent the number of free electrons.
These fractions have the following properties: \begin{align}\label{eq:Hy:add} X_\HyI + X_{\HyII} &= 1, \\ \label{eq:He:add} X_{\HeI} + X_{\HeII} + X_{\HeIII} &= X_{\He}, \\ X_{\He} &\equiv \frac{m_p}{m_{\He}}\frac{Y_p}{1-Y_p}. \end{align} We also define the number of free electrons as $n_\e$. Assuming a neutral universe we have \begin{equation}\label{eq:def:Xe} X_\e = X_{\HyII} + X_{\HeII} + 2X_{\HeIII}. \end{equation}
Equilibrium fractions
Equilibrium ratio $X_{\HyII}X_\e / X_\Hy$ through Saha equation, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:saha:HyI}
\frac{X_{\HyII}X_\e}{X_\HyI} = \frac{e^{-\HyI_{1s}/(k_BT)}}{n_{\Hy}\lambda_{\e}^3},
\end{equation}
where $\HyI_{1s}$ is the hydrogen $1s$ binding energy ncm_c_HI_ion_E_1s_2S0_5()
,
$\lambda_{\e}$ is the electron thermal wavelength, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
\lambda_{\e} = \sqrt{\frac{2\pi\hbar^2}{m_\e{}k_BT}},
\end{equation}
$k_K$ is the Boltzmann constant ncm_c_kb()
, $m_\e$ the electron mass and
$\hbar$ is the Planck constant ncm_c_hbar()
.
This calculation is done using the Saha equation as in Weinberg (2008).
The equilibrium single/non-ionized helium ratio $X_{\HeII}X_\e/X_{\HeI}$
through Saha equation, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:saha:HeI}
\frac{X_{\HeII}X_\e}{X_{\HeI}} = \frac{e^{-\HeI_{1s}/(k_BT)}}{4n_{\Hy}\lambda_{\e}^3},
\end{equation}
where $\HeI_{1s}$ is the helium I $1s$ binding energy ncm_c_HeI_ion_E_1s_1S0()
.
This calculation is done using the Saha equation as in
Seager (2000).
The equilibrium double/single-ionized helium ratio $X_{\HeIII}X_\e/X_{\HeII}$
through Saha equation, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:saha:HeII}
\frac{X_{\HeIII}X_\e}{X_{\HeII}} = \frac{e^{-\HeII_{1s}/(k_BT)}}{4n_{\Hy}\lambda_{\e}^3},
\end{equation}
where $\HeII_{1s}$ is the helium II $1s$ binding energy ncm_c_HeII_ion_E_1s_2S0_5()
.
This calculation is done using the Saha equation as in
Seager (2000).
The default value of the helium primordial abundance
is given by nc_hicosmo_Yp_4He()
.
The primordial Helium fraction is define by nc_hicosmo_XHe()
.
Optical depth and visibility function
The derivative of the optical depth $\tau$ with respect to the redshift
time $\lambda \equiv -\ln(x) = -\ln(1 + z)$ is
\begin{equation}\label{eq:def:dtaudlambda}
\frac{d\tau}{d\lambda} = -\frac{c\sigma_Tn_BX_\e}{H},
\end{equation}
where $c$ is the speed of light [ncm_c_c()
], $\sigma_T$ is the Thomson
cross section [ncm_c_thomson_cs()
], $n_B$ is the number density of baryons
and $H$ the Hubble function. We define the optical depth $\tau$ integrating
from the present time, i.e.,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:def:tau}
\tau = \int_0^\lambda\frac{d\tau}{d\lambda}.
\end{equation}
Using the equations above we define the visibility function $v_\tau$ as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:def:vtau}
v_\tau = \frac{d\tau}{d\lambda}e^{-\tau}.
\end{equation}
Functions
nc_recomb_new_from_name ()
NcRecomb *
nc_recomb_new_from_name (const gchar *recomb_name
);
This function instantiates a new object of type NcRecomb given recomb_name
.
nc_recomb_ref ()
NcRecomb *
nc_recomb_ref (NcRecomb *recomb
);
Increases the reference count of recomb
.
nc_recomb_clear ()
void
nc_recomb_clear (NcRecomb **recomb
);
Decreases the reference count of *recomb
if
*recomb
is not NULL, then sets *recomb
to NULL.
nc_recomb_prepare ()
void nc_recomb_prepare (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Prepares the object using the model cosmo
.
nc_recomb_prepare_if_needed ()
void nc_recomb_prepare_if_needed (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Prepares the object using the model cosmo
if it was changed
since last preparation.
nc_recomb_set_zi ()
void nc_recomb_set_zi (NcRecomb *recomb
,const gdouble zi
);
Sets the initial redshift of the integration $[0, z_i]$.
nc_recomb_require_zi ()
void nc_recomb_require_zi (NcRecomb *recomb
,const gdouble zi
);
Requires the initial redshift of at least $z_i$ = zi
.
nc_recomb_Xe ()
gdouble nc_recomb_Xe (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Calculates the value of $X_\e$ at lambda
.
[virtual Xe]
nc_recomb_XHII ()
gdouble nc_recomb_XHII (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Calculates the value of $X_\HyII$ at lambda
.
[virtual XHII]
nc_recomb_XHeII ()
gdouble nc_recomb_XHeII (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Calculates the value of $X_\HeII$ at lambda
.
[virtual XHeII]
nc_recomb_HI_ion_saha ()
gdouble nc_recomb_HI_ion_saha (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the equilibrium ionized/non-ionized hydrogen abundance ratio $X_{\HyII}X_\e / X_{\HyI}$. See Eq. \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}.
nc_recomb_HeI_ion_saha ()
gdouble nc_recomb_HeI_ion_saha (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the equilibrium single/non-ionized helium ratio $X_{\HeII}X_\e/X_{\HeI}$. See Eq. \eqref{eq:saha:HeI}.
nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha ()
gdouble nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the equilibrium double/single ionized helium ratio ($X_{\HeIII}X_\e/X_{\HeII}$). See Eq. \eqref{eq:saha:HeII}.
nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha_x ()
gdouble nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha_x (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble f
);
Calculates the redshift where the ratio $$X_{\HeIII}X_\e/X_{\HeII} = f.$$
This calculation is done by finding the value of $x$ where $$\frac{e^{-\HeII_{1s}/(k_BT)}}{4n_{\Hy}\lambda_{\e}^3} = f.$$
nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha_x_by_HeIII_He ()
gdouble nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha_x_by_HeIII_He (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble f
);
Calculates the redshift where the ratio $$X_{\HeIII}/X_{\He} = f.$$
This calculation is done assuming that hydrogen and helium are fully ionized, i.e., $\HyI = 0 = \HeI$. In this case $$\frac{X_{\HeIII}X_\e}{X_{\HeII}} = \frac{f}{1-f}\left[1 + X_\He(1+f)\right].$$
nc_recomb_He_fully_ionized_Xe ()
gdouble nc_recomb_He_fully_ionized_Xe (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Assuming that all helium is single or double ionized and all hydrogen is
ionized, we have $$X_\e = 1 + X_\HeII + 2X_\HeIII,\quad X_\He = X_\HeII +
X_\HeIII,$$ thus, $$X_\HeIII = X_\e-X_\He-1,\quad X_\HeII = 1 + 2X_\He -
X_\e.$$ Using nc_recomb_HeII_ion_saha()
and nc_hicosmo_XHe()
we obtain
$X_\e$.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_Xe ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_Xe (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the ionization fraction $X_\e$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHI ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHI (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the hydrogen-I fraction $X_\HyI$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHII ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHII (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the hydrogen-II fraction $X_\HyII$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeI ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeI (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the helium-I fraction $X_\HeI$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeII ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeII (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the helium-II fraction $X_\HeII$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeIII ()
gdouble nc_recomb_equilibrium_XHeIII (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble x
);
Calculates the helium-III fraction $X_\HeIII$ assuming equilibrium at all times. It solves the system containing all Saha's equations Eqs \eqref{eq:saha:HyI}, \eqref{eq:saha:HeI} and \eqref{eq:saha:HeII} and the constraints Eq \eqref{eq:Hy:add}, \eqref{eq:He:add} and \eqref{eq:def:Xe}.
nc_recomb_dtau_dx ()
gdouble nc_recomb_dtau_dx (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the derivative of the optical depth with respect to $x = 1 + z$,
$\frac{\mathrm{d}\tau}{\mathrm{d}x}$, at lambda
.
nc_recomb_dtau_dlambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_dtau_dlambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the derivative of the optical depth with respect to $\lambda$,
$\frac{\mathrm{d}\tau}{\mathrm{d}\lambda}$, at lambda
.
nc_recomb_d2tau_dlambda2 ()
gdouble nc_recomb_d2tau_dlambda2 (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the second derivative of the optical depth with respect to $\lambda$,
$\frac{\mathrm{d}^2\tau}{\mathrm{d}\lambda^2}$, at lambda
.
nc_recomb_d3tau_dlambda3 ()
gdouble nc_recomb_d3tau_dlambda3 (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the third derivative of the optical depth with respect to $\lambda$,
$\frac{\mathrm{d}^3\tau}{\mathrm{d}\lambda^3}$, at lambda
.
nc_recomb_tau ()
gdouble nc_recomb_tau (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the optical depth [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:tau}] at lambda
.
nc_recomb_tau_drag ()
gdouble nc_recomb_tau_drag (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the drag depth, $$\tau_d \equiv \int_0^\lambda \mathrm{d}\lambda R^{-1} \frac{n_e \sigma_T}{1+z},$$ where $R = \frac{3\bar{\rho}_b}{4\bar{\rho}_\gamma}$.
nc_recomb_tau_lambda0_lambda1 ()
gdouble nc_recomb_tau_lambda0_lambda1 (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda0
,const gdouble lambda1
);
Computes the optical depth between lambda1
and lambda0
.
nc_recomb_log_v_tau ()
gdouble nc_recomb_log_v_tau (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the logarithm base e of the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}] at lambda
.
nc_recomb_v_tau ()
gdouble nc_recomb_v_tau (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}] at lambda
.
nc_recomb_dv_tau_dlambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_dv_tau_dlambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the derivative of the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}] at lambda
.
nc_recomb_d2v_tau_dlambda2 ()
gdouble nc_recomb_d2v_tau_dlambda2 (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
Computes the second derivative of the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}] at lambda
.
nc_recomb_v_tau_lambda_features ()
void nc_recomb_v_tau_lambda_features (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
,gdouble logref
,gdouble *lambda_max
,gdouble *lambda_l
,gdouble *lambda_u
);
Calculates the maximum of the visibility function [Eq \eqref{eq:def:vtau}], i.e, the value of $\lambda_\text{max}$ where $dv_\tau(\lambda_\text{max})/d\lambda = 0$, and the values where the visibility drops to $v_\tau(\lambda_\text{max})e^{-\text{logref}}$ to the left $\lambda_l$ and to the right $\lambda_u$ of $\lambda_\text{max}$.
nc_recomb_get_v_tau_max_lambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_v_tau_max_lambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the maximum of the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}], the value of $\lambda_\text{max}$ where $dv_\tau(\lambda_\text{max})/d\lambda = 0$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_lambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_lambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $\lambda$ where the optical depth [Eq \eqref{eq:def:tau}] is equal to one, i.e., $\tau(\lambda^\star) = 1$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_drag_lambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_drag_lambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $\lambda$ where the optical depth times $R$ [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:tau}] is equal to one, i.e., $\tau_\mathrm{drag}(\lambda^\star) = 1$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_cutoff_lambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_cutoff_lambda (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $\lambda$ where the optical depth [Eq \eqref{eq:def:tau}] attains a value such that $e^{-\tau(\lambda_\text{cutoff})} = \epsilon_\text{double}$, i.e., equal to the smallest value of a double which add to one.
nc_recomb_get_v_tau_max_z ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_v_tau_max_z (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the maximum of the visibility function [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:vtau}], the value of $z(\lambda_\text{max})$ where $dv_\tau(\lambda_\text{max})/d\lambda = 0$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_z ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_z (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $z(\lambda)$ where the optical depth [Eq \eqref{eq:def:tau}] is equal to one, i.e., $\tau(\lambda^\star) = 1$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_drag_z ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_drag_z (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $z(\lambda)$ where the optical depth times $R$ (drag depth) [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:tau}] is equal to one, i.e., $\tau_\mathrm{drag}(\lambda^\star) = 1$.
nc_recomb_get_tau_cutoff_z ()
gdouble nc_recomb_get_tau_cutoff_z (NcRecomb *recomb
,NcHICosmo *cosmo
);
Calculates the value of $z(\lambda)$ where the optical depth [Eq \eqref{eq:def:tau}] attains a value such that $e^{-\tau(\lambda_\text{cutoff})} = \epsilon_\text{double}$, i.e., equal to the smallest value of a double which add to one.
nc_recomb_dtau_dlambda_Xe ()
gdouble nc_recomb_dtau_dlambda_Xe (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
The derivative of the optical depth [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:dtaudlambda}] over the ionization fraction $X_\e$ [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:Xe}].
nc_recomb_He_fully_ionized_dtau_dlambda ()
gdouble nc_recomb_He_fully_ionized_dtau_dlambda (NcHICosmo *cosmo
,const gdouble lambda
);
The derivative of the optical depth [Eq. \eqref{eq:def:dtaudlambda}], considering
fully ionized helium and hydrogen [nc_recomb_He_fully_ionized_Xe()
].
Property Details
The “init-frac”
property
“init-frac” double
Initial fraction to start numerical integration.
Owner: NcRecomb
Flags: Read / Write / Construct
Allowed values: [0,1]
Default value: 1e-11
The “prec”
property
“prec” double
The precision used in the calculations.
Owner: NcRecomb
Flags: Read / Write / Construct
Allowed values: [0,1]
Default value: 1e-07


‘The Witcher’: release date, cast, trailer and everything we know so far
"The worst monsters are the ones we create."
After being announced back in 2017, Netflix finally sees the arrival of the new TV adaptation of The Witcher this Christmas. Though best-known as as a hugely successful video game series, the new eight-part show is based on the original novels by Andrzej Sapkowski, who’s worked as a consultant on the new show.
“I’m thrilled that Netflix will be doing an adaptation of my stories, staying true to the source material and the themes that I have spent over 30 years writing,” he says of the new version.
From a release date to plot information, set photos and the chance of future seasons of the show, here’s everything we know so far about Netflix’s version of The Witcher.
When does The Witcher come out on Netflix?
The show will come out just in time for Christmas – it lands on Netflix on December 20.
Is there a trailer for The Witcher?
Two, in fact. The first teaser for the series was shared at San Diego Comic Con, and introduced the show’s tagline: “The worst monsters are the ones we create.”
The action-packed full trailer, which followed the teaser on Halloween, once again pushed the deeply human elements of the show, introducing its new slogan: “You can’t outrun destiny just because you’re terrified of it.”
Can we see any photos from The Witcher set?
Netflix have shared plenty of photos from the set of the film ahead of its release – take a look at Geralt, Ciri and Yennefer below.
Henry Cavill as Geralt of Rivia. Credit: Netflix
Freya Allan as Ciri. Credit: Netflix
Anya Chalotra as Yennefer. Credit: Netflix
Who is in The Witcher cast?
The main three names for the series are as follows:
Henry Cavill as Geralt
Freya Allan as Ciri
Anya Chalotra as Yennefer
Beyond that, Knightfall‘s Joey Batey plays Jaskier, Lars Mikkelsen (who played a Putin-type Russian politician in House Of Cards) takes on the role of Stregobor and Ben Wheatley collaborator MyAnna Buring will portray a character called Tissaia.
The Witcher doesn’t possess a super-starry cast – beyond Henry Cavill – but every actor has proper drama chops from some of TV’s most critically acclaimed recent shows. Don’t be surprised if it’s a hit.
What is the plot for the show?
Netflix’s official synopsis describes The Witcher as “an epic tale of fate and family”.
“The story of the intertwined destinies of three individuals in the vast world of The Continent, where humans, elves, witchers, gnomes, and monsters battle to survive and thrive, and where good and evil is not easily identified,” it continues.
Geralt is described as “a solitary monster hunter” who “struggles to find his place in a world where people often prove more wicked than beasts.
“But when destiny hurtles him toward a powerful sorceress, and a young princess with a dangerous secret, the three must learn to navigate the increasingly volatile Continent together.”
Executive producers Sean Daniel and Jason Brown have stated that the show will follow “an unconventional family that comes together to fight for truth in a dangerous world.”
The pair went on to describe the characters as “original, funny and constantly surprising”.
Henry Cavill as Geralt in ‘The Witcher’. Credit: Netflix
How many seasons will The Witcher have?
Plenty, if showrunner Lauren S. Hissrich is to be believed. Speaking to SFX Magazine, Hissrich opened up on significant future plans for the show while being asked about a potential second season.
“Second season?” she said. “I’ve [got plans] for seven seasons! We don’t have a second season yet – God willing we will – but right now it’s just about, ‘How do you set up stories that really capture audiences for years at a time?’ The worst thing we could do is put all of our energies just into season one, and not be thinking about where these characters can grow to.”
Hissrich has extended these ambitions even further, stating on Twitter that there could be “20 years” worth of Witcher TV material.
The new version of The Witcher could swap out fantasy for horror
Though it’s originally a fantasy story, the Netlflix adaptation of The Witcher “leans more towards horror” according to visual effects supervisor Julian Parry.
Speaking to SFX, he said: “We’re definitely taking the fantasy out. I can honestly say we’re not fantastical. I mean, it’s fantastical but in a grounded horror sense. For example, with Striga [a woman cursed to live as a monster], that’s one gnarly-looking thing. That’s very unpleasant!”


{%- comment -%} Include as: {%- include nav.html pages = pages key = key -%} Depends on: include.pages, include.key, page, site. Results in: HTML for the navigation panel. Includes: sorted_pages.html Overwrites: nav_pages, first_level_pages, second_level_pages, third_level_pages, node, children_list, child, grand_children_list, grand_child. {%- endcomment -%} {%- assign nav_pages = include.pages | where_exp: "item", "item.title != nil" | where_exp: "item", "item.nav_exclude != true" -%} {%- include sorted_pages.html pages = nav_pages -%} {%- assign first_level_pages = sorted_pages | where_exp: "item", "item.parent == nil" -%} {%- assign second_level_pages = sorted_pages | where_exp: "item", "item.parent != nil" | where_exp: "item", "item.grand_parent == nil" -%} {%- assign third_level_pages = sorted_pages | where_exp: "item", "item.grand_parent != nil" -%} {%- comment -%} The order of sibling pages in `sorted_pages` determines the order of display of links to them in lists of navigation links. Note that Liquid evaluates conditions from right to left (and it does not allow the use of parentheses). Some conditions are not so easy to express clearly... For example, consider the following condition: C: page.collection = = include.key and page.url = = node.url or page.grand_parent = = node.title or page.parent = = node.title and page.grand_parent = = nil Here, `node` is a first-level page. The last part of the condition -- namely: `page.parent = = node.title and page.grand_parent = = nil` -- is evaluated first; it holds if and only if `page` is a child of `node`. The condition `page.grand_parent = = node.title or ...` holds when `page` is a grandchild of node, OR `...` holds. The condition `page.url = = node.url or ...` holds when `page` is `node`, OR `...` holds. The condition C: `page.collection = = include.key and ...` holds when we are generating the nav links for a collection that includes `page`, AND `...` holds. {%- endcomment -%}


--- layout: post title: Chorten date: '2017-01-21T10:30:29+01:00' categories: - Sketchbooks picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/156172378331 ---


Sapling: A Dialogue Tree CLI Utility
Sapling allows for easy creation and use of dialogue trees.
A dialogue tree is a series of dialogues which follow sequentially, though with branching options. Examples include "Choose Your Own Adventure" games, or the dialogues seen in many video games.
Structure
A dialogue tree can be broken down into three distinct parts: the trunk, branches, and leafs. The trunk represents the main structure of the tree. Unlike a branch, which displays content and options, the trunk provides metadata. Generally speaking, it is a branch, with the exception that it has no options. A branch represents a choice taken in the dialogue. Branches flow to each other through leafs, which are the actual choices.
You can experience this yourself, by loading "Example Quest! - A Meta Dialogue
Tree!". You can find the tree itself at var/trees/example_quest.yaml.
To run it, just type sapling read path/to/example_quest.yaml
.
Building a New Tree
To build a new tree, you have two options. You can manually edit a configuration file, or go through the construction wizard. Either way, the end result is a plain-text configuration file, which can be easily shared, edited, and viewed. For more details on the configuration file itself, check out the Configuration File documentation, or the self-documented configuration file example. Alternatively, you can checkout Example Quest for a complete tree.
Manual Edit
- Open your preferred text editor.
- Refer to the Configuration File documentation
- Make your changes.
- Save your changes.
Automatic Edit -- Coming Soon(tm)!
- Run the configuration editor:
sapling edit [TREE]
- If you don't include a TREE,
sapling
will create a new tree in the current directory. - If you choose to modify an existing file,
sapling
will open the tree at the trunk, and show you the first branch. - Make your changes.
- Save your changes.
More details on the editor can be found in the Editor documentation.
Contributing
You can contribute to Sapling by following these instructions:
- Fork this repository.
- In your fork, make your changes.
- Make sure your changes respect the contribution guidelines.
- Submit a pull request.
License
Sapling is licensed under the MIT license. The full text can be found in LICENSE.


Preparation time
overnight
Cooking time
1 to 2 hours
Serves
Serves 6-8
Farmhouse cooking at its seriously tasty best: this recipe cooks rabbit with wine and herbs to make a delicious casserole.
Place the rabbit pieces into a large bowl and add three tablespoons of the olive oil, the garlic, rosemary, bay leaves, white wine and lemon juice. Stir until well combined, then cover and marinate in the fridge overnight.
Preheat the oven to 170C/325F/Gas 3.
Remove the rabbit pieces from the marinade (reserve the marinade) and pat dry with kitchen paper. Dust the rabbit pieces in the seasoned flour and shake off any excess.
Heat the remaining olive oil in a large pan over a medium heat. Add the rabbit pieces to the hot oil and fry for 4-5 minutes or until golden-brown all over. Transfer the rabbit pieces to an ovenproof casserole dish.
Pour the reserved marinade into the hot frying pan and warm through, then pour it into the casserole with the rabbit. Add the onion and celery to the casserole and cook in the oven for 45 minutes, or until the rabbit is tender. Add the anchovies and capers and cook for another 15 minutes.


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Body Art is experiencing a huge increase in popularity, and there are many areas where you could open a viable studio. You will hear some established artists saying the trade is ‘swamped’. This is total rubbish based on greed and fear of competition, and is disproved by the many adverts appearing in Tattoo Magazines looking for Artists to work in Studios that can’t cope with current demand.
I recommend you stay at the Sporting Lodge Hotel, Middlesbrough, For booking, call them on 01642 578100.
Click here for The Sporting LodgeHowever, it is entirely your choice where you stay! I will collect you from the hotel and return you there when the days training is complete. I provide you with lunch free of charge.
Weekends, including Bank Holidays Start time is about 9 a.m. and we finish when I’m happy that you’ve absorbed the days lessons. Make no mistake, I’m not making any extravagant claims that you will leave here after 2 days as a TATTOOIST or as a TATTOO ARTIST. There are NO shortcuts to achieving this status. Once you have the basics, you will only become proficient if you
All forms of transport are available in our area. If you travel by plane, Newcastle Airport is recommened. We are happy to collect you from the Bus or Rail Station. If you fly into Newcastle you will have to make your own way to Middlesbrough where we will collect you. We will take you back to Rail or Bus Station on your departure.
£500, In CASH on the morning the course begins. No cards, no money order, no cheques, no exceptions. Receipts will be given upon request. The full amount is payable on the start day or the training will not begin.


This is a demo of using SVG to replace glyphicons in HTML markup. Unfortunalty, some major web engine do not support the basic functionality required for this to work. To view the example, use Firefox.
Currently this is not supported by any browsers.


| Properties' Summary |
boolean
AllowAnimations |
enables/disables the shape animations.
|
string
CustomShow |
If this string is not empty, it contains the name of a customized
show that is used for the presentation.
|
string
FirstPage |
If this string is not empty, it contains the name of the page where
the presentation is started.
|
boolean
IsAlwaysOnTop |
If this property is set to true, the window of the presentation is
always on top of all other windows.
|
boolean
IsAutomatic |
If this property is true, all pages are changed automatically.
|
boolean
IsEndless |
If this property is set to true, the presentation is repeated
endlessly.
|
boolean
IsFullScreen |
If this property is set to true, the presentation runs in
full-screen mode.
|
boolean
IsLivePresentation |
With this property, you can set the presentation to live mode.
|
boolean
IsMouseVisible |
If this property is true, the mouse is visible during the
presentation.
|
long
Pause |
is the duration of the black screen after the
presentation has finished.
|
boolean
StartWithNavigator |
If this is set to true, the Navigator is opened at the start of the
presentation.
|
boolean
UsePen |
If this is true, a pen is shown during presentation.
|
| Properties' Details |
AllowAnimations
boolean AllowAnimations;
- Description
- enables/disables the shape animations.
|
|
CustomShow
string CustomShow;
- Description
- If this string is not empty, it contains the name of a customized
show that is used for the presentation.
|
|
FirstPage
string FirstPage;
- Description
- If this string is not empty, it contains the name of the page where
the presentation is started.
|
|
IsAlwaysOnTop
boolean IsAlwaysOnTop;
- Description
- If this property is set to true, the window of the presentation is
always on top of all other windows.
|
|
IsAutomatic
boolean IsAutomatic;
- Description
- If this property is true, all pages are changed automatically.
This overrides the properties of the pages.
|
|
IsEndless
boolean IsEndless;
- Description
- If this property is set to true, the presentation is repeated
endlessly.
|
|
IsFullScreen
boolean IsFullScreen;
- Description
- If this property is set to true, the presentation runs in
full-screen mode.
|
|
IsLivePresentation
boolean IsLivePresentation;
- Description
- With this property, you can set the presentation to live mode.
Implementations that have no live mode capability may ignore this
property and always return false.
|
|
IsMouseVisible
boolean IsMouseVisible;
- Description
- If this property is true, the mouse is visible during the
presentation.
|
|
Pause
long Pause;
- Description
- is the duration of the black screen after the
presentation has finished.
If this is set to 0, no black screen is shown.
|
|
StartWithNavigator
boolean StartWithNavigator;
- Description
- If this is set to true, the Navigator is opened at the start of the
presentation.
|
|
UsePen
boolean UsePen;
- Description
- If this is true, a pen is shown during presentation.
You can draw on the presentation with this pen.
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


About Us
CelebriDeath is a web app designed to provide quick access to information on celebrities that have passed on. Data on all celebrities will be compiled in our database such as dates, cause of death, burial location etc. This site was built using AngularJS for the profile and map features, and ReactJS for the browse and data entry features. These pages all share the same database and pull from the same style sheets for layout and design, and work together seamlessly.
Contact
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Twitter: @Celebri_Death
- Facebook: faceboook.com/celebrideath


public abstract class SlickCallable
extends java.lang.Object
SlickCallable callable = new SlickCallable() {
public performGLOperations() {
GL.glTranslate(0,0,1);
glBegin(GL.GL_POLYGONS);
glVertex(..);
...
glEnd();
}
}
callable.call();
Alternatively you can use the static methods directly
SlickCallable.enterSafeBlock();
GL.glTranslate(0,0,1);
glBegin(GL.GL_POLYGONS);
glVertex(..);
...
glEnd();
SlickCallable.leaveSafeBlock();
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SlickCallable() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
call()
Cause this callable to perform it's GL operations (@see performGLOperations()).
|
static void |
enterSafeBlock()
Enter a safe block ensuring that all the OpenGL state that slick
uses is safe before touching the GL state directly.
|
static void |
leaveSafeBlock()
Leave a safe block ensuring that all of Slick's OpenGL state is
restored since the last enter.
|
public static void enterSafeBlock()
public static void leaveSafeBlock()
public final void call()


--- layout: default ---
| Name: | Lamar “Accuracy” Abedi | Ulysses “AquA” Silva | Daniel “Loony” Loza | Donovan “Temp” Laroda | Jordan “Jurd” Crowley | Nick "Happy" Suda |
| Born: | August 2, 1996 | September 12th, 1996 | Unknown | July 10th, 1999 | July 11th, 1995 | March 5, 1997 |
| From: | United States | United States | United States | United States | Republic of Ireland | United States |
| Role | AR Slayer | AR Slayer | SMG Player | SMG Slayer | Flex | Substitute |


Perpendicular means ’at right angles’.
A perpendicular is a line that meets another line at right angles.
The horizontal is perpendicular to the vertical and vice versa.


Toggle navigation
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If you would like to contact Bob Ingram at work visit
www.theparamountgroup.us
Current Project


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Induldge a little, but not too much
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Bootstrap
Home
Tab for Being Logged In
SOCIAL Bootstrap
High Five! You logged in
!
Well actually... you're not logged in. Forwarding you back to the home page in
seconds.
Thanks for logging in. Here's some of your Open Graph data:
FB.api('/me', function(response) { printJSON(response); });
Thinking...
But if you want to log out, I understand:
Log Out


{% extends "header_footer.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block content %}
The MPContribs Framework serves the purpose of collectively maintaining contributions to local and MP community databases as annotations to existing MP materials. It subsequently disseminates them on this portal through detail pages powered by Jupyter notebooks, and through landing pages targeted to the project/contributor's needs.


PureBasic - Mouse
Overview
PureBasic provides a full access to mouses plugged into the computer. It supports standard mouses with up to 3 buttons. This library is optimized and uses very low level functions especially for games. Do not use the functions of this library in a regular application, in this case carry out the mouse queries with WindowMouseX(), WindowMouseY() and EventType(). On Windows, DirectX is used.
Command Index
ExamineMouse
InitMouse
MouseButton
MouseDeltaX
MouseDeltaY
MouseLocate
MouseWheel
MouseX
MouseY
ReleaseMouse
Example
Mouse.pb
Supported OS
All


27 Nov 2018
Consumer Psychology In The Industrial And Manufacturing Equipment Marketplace
How I Lost The Secret Of Dazzling Success For 20 Years
There is such a lot of talk going around about branding, but what exactly is your brand and how do you use it to help you reach more people and market your products or services? Your brand is the core of your marketing, the central theme around your products and services.

- Study 800 Numbers Still Popular With Advertisers
- A Right Media Mix Can Make The Difference
- Advertise No Matter If You Are Big Or Small
Getting Free Publicity For Your Business
For people to come and hire you, or buy from you in droves, your brand needs to be crystal clear, attractive, exciting and powerful.
Once you’re sure of your brand you also gain a tangible and easy way of talking to people about what you do. It makes it so much easier to do your marketing when you have it clear in your mind what it is you’re selling in the first place. When you’re creating your brand you are creating a memorable marketing message that will inspire people to take action and choose you over your competitors.
-
The Function Of The Logo
Forget Ebay and other forms of advertising for your property that costs you hard earned money. Why not do it all for free? Investment Assets Properties have ready several locations around the world to take your free listings for any luxury property you have.
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Free Advertising For Your Online Business
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Advertising Internet Online Opportunities To Explore
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27 Jul 2018
Why Do You Need To Join An Affiliate Marketing Network


Repository entries that are recognized as grids (i.e, can be read by the
netCDF-Java Common Data Model (CDM) grid reader (e.g. netCDF, GRIB, GrADS))
provide an option for extracting time series of data can be used to create
a graph, or downloaded or stored in the repository. From the
menu, select
:
The Grid As Point form allows you to subset the grid at a point,
for a time range and list of variables.
Options:
- Location
Enter the latitude and longitude of the point. Click on the link to pop up a map where you can select the point. The link removes the selection.
- Time Range
Set the time range for the subset. Default is all times.
- Format
Set the output format. The choices are:
- NetCDF - Store in a netCDF file
- Xml - Create an XML with the values
- Time Series Image - Generate a time series image
- Comma Separated Values (CSV) - Create a CSV file with the values.
- Select a folder to publish the results to
If you are logged in and have permission to add files to the repository, you can optionally add the file to the repository. Specify the Folder location and a name for the file.
- Select Variables
Select the variables that you wish to include
in the output. For 3D grids, you can specify a level in the units of
the original data. NOTE:Mixing 2D and 3D variables in the output may
cause problems.
Using Grid As Point as a Web Service:
You can script the time series extraction using a web service by providing the appropriate URL arguments.
This service is specifie with the
output=grid.gridaspoint URL argument.
Specify the entry:
The entry that you want to extract data from can be specified by including the entry id in the URL arguments, or by specifying the URL using path to the entry in the RAMADDA hierarchy. Using the entry id is preferred because it will not change if the entry is moved to another area of the RAMADDA hierarchy.
By Entry:
http://myramadda.edu/repository/entry/show?output=grid.gridaspoint&entryid=e5ba6c2c-5305-47f0-a92f-353774303d0a
By Path:
http://myramadda.edu/repository/entry/show/Top/Test Area/myfile.nc?output=grid.gridaspoint
Specify the location:
The geographic location is specified by:
- location.latitude
- location.longitude
Examples:
- &location.latitude=40&location.longitude=-105
- &location.latitude=32.67&location.longitude=240.6
Location longitudes can be specified in either -180/180 or 0/360 decimal degrees.
Specify the output:
There are several formats that the data can be returned in:
- &format=csv - Comma-Separated-Values (CSV)
- &format=image - a pregenerated time series plot
- &format=xml - XML format
- &format=netcdf - a netCDF file
Specify the variable:
Variables are specified by the variable name and multiple variables can be requested at the same time.
- &variable.air=true
- &variable.Pressure_reduced_to_MSL_msl=true&variable.Surface_lifted_index_surface=true
Specify the level:
If the variable has multiple levels, you can select a particular level:
Note: The level value must be in the units of the levels in the file. For some grids (e.g. GRIB1
format), the pressure values will be in hectoPascals (hPa). In others (e.g. GRIB2), the values are in
Pascals.
Specify the time range:
You can specify a start/stop time for the time series values. The default if not specified is the
entire time range of the data. Times can be specified as a date or a date time using the WC3 style (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss).
- &fromdate=2001-01-07&todate=2001-01-19
- &fromdate=2012-10-30T00&todate=2012-11-10T18:00
Putting it all together:
Here are some sample URLs:
- Extract a July temperature time series from the 2011 NCEP Reanalysis data to a CSV file:
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/repository/entry/show/PSD Climate Data Repository/Public/PSD Datasets/NCEP Reanalysis (R1)/4xDaily Grids/Surface/Air Temperature at sigma level 995/air.sig995.2011.nc?output=data.gridaspoint&location.latitude=40.5&location.longitude=-105&format=csv&variable.air=true&fromdate=2011-07-01&todate=2011-07-31T18
- Generate a time series plot of 850 hPa temperatures and heights from a GRIB2 file for all times:
https://ramadda.org/repository/entry/show?output=data.gridaspoint&entryid=7ba92e2a-b6c8-43e4-8359-4043ca3e72e0&location.latitude=-1.148&location.longitude=22.852&calendar=gregorian&format=timeseries&level=85000&variable.Temperature_isobaric=true&variable.Geopotential_height_isobaric=true


I was once really contemplating on which school would
really be the best for my son.
MySchool gave me all.
Thank you very much..
The very thought of tarmacking is just horrifying.
So here click of a button all the needs are met. I Wouldn't ask for more.
Am grateful..
In need of a competitive field to work in as a teacher,
look no more,,.
MySchool is the go to site.
You get to see the school performances.
conveniency, well informed and up to date,timely. All what i got on using my school,,The site to be.
As a principal, I have a site where i keep track of my competitors yeeaah am well informed, the updates are a click away..
Performance is key,,,so why not seek info for a fruitfill investment...EDUCATION for bright and needy is my priority.


يمكن للقندس عمل أشكال من خلال الدمج بين الأشكال الثلاثة التي بالأسفل.
إنظر إلى الأمثلة لفهم كيف يفعل ذلك ثم قم برسم الشكل المطلوب باستخدام الأشكال الثلاثة والعلامات التي بالأسفل.
يمكن للقندس عمل أشكال من خلال الدمج بين الأشكال الثلاثة التي بالأسفل.
إنظر إلى الأمثلة لفهم كيف يفعل ذلك ثم قم برسم الشكل المطلوب باستخدام الأشكال الثلاثة والعلامات التي بالأسفل.
The objective is similar to Form B, from which the center was removed. Thanks to the examples, we notice that the operation "-" makes it possible to withdraw one form to another. We will start with the form B, and remove the form A, which gives the solution:
B -A
The objective looks like Form B, from which the center was removed, before adding a part of Form C.
We start by taking the form B and removing the square shape A:
We then want to add the form C:
It remains however to remove the top and the bottom of this form C. For this, one can apply #B to keep only the part which is inside this form, and to obtain:
The objective looks like an overlay of B and C, from which the outside and the center have been removed.
We can start by placing C over B :
We then want to remove the outside and the center. Remove the outside is easy: we narrow the result inside a square A by applying #A :
It remains to remove the shape in the center, but we do not have this type of form. However, in the bottom and middle example, A + (B #C) , we see that B #C is the shape we want to remove. This gives :
|
B +C #A |
B #C |
B +C #A -(B #C) |
Expression B +C #A -(B #C)therefore produces the goal. There are other ways to get it, for example :
B +C -(B #C) #A : the same approach but we remove the center before removing the outside
C -B #A +(B -C #A) : we take on the one hand C at which we remove the center and the outside,
Which give C -B #A, and we add B to which the center and the outside are removed, which gives B -C #A.
The software used to make computer images is capable of performing superposition operations (here noted + ), subtraction (here noted - ), or restriction to a zone (here noted # ).
These operations on the images are very easy to program. For example, to make A + B , it is sufficient, for each pixel (small dot) of the image A , to look at the color of the corresponding pixel in the image B . If the second one is white (transparent), then we keep the pixel of the image A , otherwise we use the color of the pixel of the image B . Applying this reasoning on all the pixels of the image, we obtain the result of the superposition of the image B on the image A .


Contact
Obi L. Griffith,
PhD
Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology
Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics
Assistant Director, McDonnell Genome Institute
Washington University School of Medicine
Campus Box 8501, Room 5140
4444 Forest Park Ave
St. Louis, MO, 63108
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
email: obigriffith at wustl.edu


As a seasoned stylist,
Brook loves all aspects of hair, especially color. In 2016, Brook began taking multiple Advanced Color Courses at the Wella Academy in New York pursuing a Master Colorist Certificate and most recently was also certified at Calligraphy Cutting. She has also participated in multiple advanced education classes, including Vidal Sassoon Cutting, Wella color, Bumble and Bumble cutting and Oribe and Kerastase styling classes. Brook describes herself as kind of “quirky” but very laid back and easy to talk to. Even though it doesn’t take much to inspire a stylist, Brook spends a lot of time following fashion blogs, magazines and pop culture. Her co-workers, friends and clients also inspire her. When not working, Brook loves trying new restaurants, cooking, reading, music and fashion. If you are looking for a great new stylist who is sure to leave you feeling beautiful, Brook is your stylist!
Service Price List
- Womens Haircut- $75
- Mens Haircut- $60
- Blowout -$55
- All Over Color- $95*
- Partial Highlight- $105*
- Full Highlight- $125*
- Balyage- starting at $150*
- Toner- $75*
- Conditioning Treatment -$30
* all color prices are starting, and subject to change
Booking
Find Me Here
Brook Escobedo
Elsewhere Salon
1201 Santa Fe Drive, unit b
Denver, CO 80204
elsewherehairdenver.com


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Training GAN to generate vector images.
We trained and evaluated several GAN models in a field of vector image generation. The model outputs parameters for a fixed set of drawing primitives (curves and circles), contrary to common “raster” GAN, which generate fixed size image. Despite being trained with 64x64 px image dataset, such model can generate sketches at any resolution, due to using vector graphics.
To achieve this we use differentiable rasterizer from
Disclaimer: This is a project I did for IFT 6756: Game Theory and ML
Vector graphics allows for editing without loss of quality. It stores images as a collection of primitives (lines, bezier curves, circles, etc.) with corresponding control parameters (color, width, control points).
Typical generative models are trained on raster images (image as array), while vector graphics space is non-euclidean and thus more challenging. Several approaches were tried, until finally a differentiable rasterizer proposed in
In this project we apply differentiable rasterizer from
Transparency: the referenced paper
Most generative adversarial networks are generating raster images. DoodlerGAN
SketchRNN
Differentiable rasterizer proposed in
We took simple sketches from QuickDraw dataset with categories apple
, cookie
, donut
, face
, lollipop
and 5000 of each category with resolution 64x64. Note that we train a “grayscale” model to save computations and fit to grayscale dataset, while it is possible to have colored sketches.
We also tried training on more complex classes like owl
or another dataset Creative Birds, but due to computational limitations our model did not converge to any good looking results.
Generator takes as input a latent vector $z \in \mathbb{R}^{100}$ and outputs parameters for 16 bezier curves (14 positional parameters + width and alpha) and 5 circles (2 positional parameters + radius + width + alpha). Neural net consists of 4 flat linear layers of dimensions [128, 256, 512, 1024], the last layer is then projected into each parameter family independently. Output parameters is then grouped and passed to differentiable rasterizer to generate image.
Discriminator is a convolutional neural network of 6 layers, with LeakyReLU activation. After experiments we ended up using the same discriminator architecture as was proposed in the original paper, as our attempts failed due to discriminator net being too powerful.
We implemented and trained the following modifications for training GAN, commonly used in literature.
Training of each model took approximately 10 hours on a single GPU (NVidia RTX2080Ti). Unfortunately, we could not use Google Colab as differentiable rasterizer was not compatible with Colab hardware. Number of experiments was also limited due to high computational costs.
Unfortunately, LOGAN model did not converge in our experiments - it must be a bug in our code, or a conceptual mistake.
We evaluated and compared our models using Inception Score IS
and Frechet Inception distance FID
. Inception Score
FID score between validation and test subsets is 30.56
As for quality scores, neither of the model showed good performance (the scores are far from ground truth FID). Consider the table below.
| Model | IS | FID |
|---|---|---|
| WGAN | 1.935 | 94.14 |
| WGAN-GP | 1.856 | 101.7 |
| SN WGAN-GP | 1.919 | 84.54 |
| LOGAN NGD | 1.11 | 208 |
We see that LOGAN is much worse in scores, and indeed the model failed to converge to meaningful results, generating the same repeating pattern. This is known as mode collapse problem. We see no theoretical limitations with using this approach, some hyperparameter tweaking is required to make it work, as we spent a lot of time finding the correct batch size and learning rate to make other models work.
As for Wasserstein GANs, they showed good convergence and results, but results are far from perfect both visually and qualitatively. We did not achieve desired FID score of 30 (as between validation and test subsets). But again, we assume that it is only the matter of longer training.
Differentiable rasterization is computationally expensive operation and thus GAN with vector graphics takes approximately 10 times more time to converge. Unfortunately, we could not speed up this process as increasing batch size breaks the training dynamics.
As generator’s output now has a direct meaning (it is connected to control parameters of underlying primitives), opposed to raster GAN’s, which generate pixel colors directly, we see extracting meaningful directions in a latent space as promising direction of future research.