How do I... Do browser UI testing?
Can the bots use a browser? Yes they can. It's pretty simple actually, you just need to use Hound, an Elixir browser automation library, in your actions. In that way, it's not much different from using an HTTP library. In fact, you could create both an HTTP adapter, and a Hound adapter with the same API for your actions to call, and switch them out at runtime as needed. In other words, you can use the same bot trees and actions to run both API level tests and browser UI tests!
Getting set up is super easy - I've created a UI testing demo repository with full instructions and examples that you can just clone and modify as needed. Be sure to read the Hound docs.
UI testing is notoriously flakey. You can mitigate problems if you are disciplined. Here are a few tips:
- Be mindful of what you use as selectors.
:text
is simple and closest to what the user will actually see, but if it changes (or you try to run your tests on a different internationalization language) your tests will break.:class
es are a bad choice because they too can change, just like:tag
s.:id
s or:name
s are better. - Clear separation of layers goes a long way. Luckily, the bots are already set up in clear layers: the tree describes the test, the actions perform the work, and if you've set up an adapter as suggested, that has the implementation specific calls.
- Just like actions, being atomic is a very good practice in your adapter's API. For a complex page, creating a page object is very useful.
- The hard part about browser testing is that sometimes elements haven't loaded yet when you try to test for them. Hound has a built-in retry system for most actions that involve inspecting the DOM. But some actions, like checking the page's title do not have built-in retries, and you might sometimes need them. See the retry_with_timeout example in the demo repo's actions for a simple generic retry implementation.
Happy automating!


That’s the main thing people are controlled by! Thoughts - their perception of themselves!
| Card Type | Card Number | Payment Method | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| •••• •••• •••• 8372 Exp: 06/22 |
|
||
| •••• •••• •••• 1225 Exp: 07/21 |
|


larasail setup- Set up the server with Laravel dependencies using a specific PHP version:
larasail setup php71- Add a new Laravel site:
larasail host domain path/to/site_directory- Retrieve the Larasail user password:
larasail pass- Retrieve the Larasail MySQL password:
larasail mysqlpass


public class KafkaConsumer<K,V> extends java.lang.Object implements Consumer<K,V>
It will transparently handle the failure of servers in the Kafka cluster, and transparently adapt as partitions of data it subscribes to migrate within the cluster. This client also interacts with the server to allow groups of consumers to load balance consumption using consumer groups (as described below).
The consumer maintains TCP connections to the necessary brokers to fetch data for the topics it subscribes to. Failure to close the consumer after use will leak these connections.
The consumer is thread safe but generally will be used only from within a single thread. The consumer client has no threads of it's own, all work is done in the caller's thread when calls are made on the various methods exposed.
The position
of the consumer gives the offset of the next record that will be given
out. It will be one larger than the highest offset the consumer has seen in that partition. It automatically advances
every time the consumer receives data calls poll(long)
and receives messages.
The committed position
is the last offset that has been saved securely. Should the
process fail and restart, this is the offset that it will recover to. The consumer can either automatically commit
offsets periodically, or it can choose to control this committed position manually by calling
commit
.
This distinction gives the consumer control over when a record is considered consumed. It is discussed in further detail below.
Each Kafka consumer must specify a consumer group that it belongs to. Kafka will deliver each message in the subscribed topics to one process in each consumer group. This is achieved by balancing the partitions in the topic over the consumer processes in each group. So if there is a topic with four partitions, and a consumer group with two processes, each process would consume from two partitions. This group membership is maintained dynamically: if a process fails the partitions assigned to it will be reassigned to other processes in the same group, and if a new process joins the group, partitions will be moved from existing consumers to this new process.
So if two processes subscribe to a topic both specifying different groups they will each get all the records in that topic; if they both specify the same group they will each get about half the records.
Conceptually you can think of a consumer group as being a single logical subscriber that happens to be made up of multiple processes. As a multi-subscriber system, Kafka naturally supports having any number of consumer groups for a given topic without duplicating data (additional consumers are actually quite cheap).
This is a slight generalization of the functionality that is common in messaging systems. To get semantics similar to a queue in a traditional messaging system all processes would be part of a single consumer group and hence record delivery would be balanced over the group like with a queue. Unlike a traditional messaging system, though, you can have multiple such groups. To get semantics similar to pub-sub in a traditional messaging system each process would have it's own consumer group, so each process would subscribe to all the records published to the topic.
In addition, when offsets are committed they are always committed for a given consumer group.
It is also possible for the consumer to manually specify the partitions it subscribes to, which disables this dynamic partition balancing.
Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("metadata.broker.list", "localhost:9092"); props.put("group.id", "test"); props.put("enable.auto.commit", "true"); props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000"); props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000"); props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serializers.StringSerializer"); props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serializers.StringSerializer"); KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(props); consumer.subscribe("foo", "bar"); while (true) { ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(100); for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) System.out.printf("offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s", record.offset(), record.key(), record.value()); }Setting
enable.auto.commit
means that offsets are committed automatically with a frequency controlled by
the config auto.commit.interval.ms
.
The connection to the cluster is bootstrapped by specifying a list of one or more brokers to contact using the
configuration metadata.broker.list
. This list is just used to discover the rest of the brokers in the
cluster and need not be an exhaustive list of servers in the cluster (though you may want to specify more than one in
case there are servers down when the client is connecting).
In this example the client is subscribing to the topics foo and bar as part of a group of consumers called test as described above.
The broker will automatically detect failed processes in the test group by using a heartbeat mechanism. The
consumer will automatically ping the cluster periodically, which let's the cluster know that it is alive. As long as
the consumer is able to do this it is considered alive and retains the right to consume from the partitions assigned
to it. If it stops heartbeating for a period of time longer than session.timeout.ms
then it will be
considered dead and it's partitions will be assigned to another process.
The serializers settings specify how to turn the objects the user provides into bytes. By specifying the string serializers we are saying that our record's key and value will just be simple strings.
Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("metadata.broker.list", "localhost:9092"); props.put("group.id", "test"); props.put("enable.auto.commit", "false"); props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000"); props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000"); props.put("key.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serializers.StringSerializer"); props.put("value.serializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serializers.StringSerializer"); KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(props); consumer.subscribe("foo", "bar"); int commitInterval = 200; List<ConsumerRecord<String, String>> buffer = new ArrayList<ConsumerRecord<String, String>>(); while (true) { ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(100); for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) { buffer.add(record); if (buffer.size() >= commitInterval) { insertIntoDb(buffer); consumer.commit(CommitType.SYNC); buffer.clear(); } } }
In this mode the consumer will just get the partitions it subscribes to and if the consumer instance fails no attempt will be made to rebalance partitions to other instances.
There are several cases where this makes sense:
This mode is easy to specify, rather than subscribing to the topic, the consumer just subscribes to particular partitions:
String topic = "foo"; TopicPartition partition0 = new TopicPartition(topic, 0); TopicPartition partition1 = new TopicPartition(topic, 1); consumer.subscribe(partition0); consumer.subscribe(partition1);The group that the consumer specifies is still used for committing offsets, but now the set of partitions will only be changed if the consumer specifies new partitions, and no attempt at failure detection will be made.
It isn't possible to mix both subscription to specific partitions (with no load balancing) and to topics (with load balancing) using the same consumer instance.
Here are a couple of examples of this type of usage:
enable.auto.commit=false
ConsumerRecord
to save your position.
seek(TopicPartition, long)
.
rebalance.callback.class
, which specifies an implementation of the interface
ConsumerRebalanceCallback
. When partitions are taken from a consumer the consumer will want to commit its
offset for those partitions by implementing
ConsumerRebalanceCallback.onPartitionsRevoked(Consumer, Collection)
. When partitions are assigned to a
consumer, the consumer will want to look up the offset for those new partitions an correctly initialize the consumer
to that position by implementing ConsumerRebalanceCallback.onPartitionsAssigned(Consumer, Collection)
.
Another common use for ConsumerRebalanceCallback
is to flush any caches the application maintains for
partitions that are moved elsewhere.
There are several instances where manually controlling the consumer's position can be useful.
One case is for time-sensitive record processing it may make sense for a consumer that falls far enough behind to not attempt to catch up processing all records, but rather just skip to the most recent records.
Another use case is for a system that maintains local state as described in the previous section. In such a system
the consumer will want to initialize it's position on start-up to whatever is contained in the local store. Likewise
if the local state is destroyed (say because the disk is lost) the state may be recreated on a new machine by
reconsuming all the data and recreating the state (assuming that Kafka is retaining sufficient history).
Kafka allows specifying the position using seek(TopicPartition, long)
to specify the new position. Special
methods for seeking to the earliest and latest offset the server maintains are also available (
seekToBeginning(TopicPartition...)
and seekToEnd(TopicPartition...)
respectively).
This leaves several options for implementing multi-threaded processing of records.
ConsumerRecords
instances to a blocking queue consumed by a pool of processor threads that actually handle
the record processing.
This option likewise has pros and cons:
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
KafkaConsumer(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object> configs)
A consumer is instantiated by providing a set of key-value pairs as configuration.
|
KafkaConsumer(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object> configs,
ConsumerRebalanceCallback callback,
Deserializer<K> keyDeserializer,
Deserializer<V> valueDeserializer)
A consumer is instantiated by providing a set of key-value pairs as configuration, a
ConsumerRebalanceCallback implementation, a key and a value Deserializer . |
KafkaConsumer(java.util.Properties properties)
A consumer is instantiated by providing a
Properties object as configuration. |
KafkaConsumer(java.util.Properties properties,
ConsumerRebalanceCallback callback,
Deserializer<K> keyDeserializer,
Deserializer<V> valueDeserializer)
A consumer is instantiated by providing a
Properties object as configuration and a
ConsumerRebalanceCallback implementation, a key and a value Deserializer . |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
close() |
void |
commit(CommitType commitType)
Commits offsets returned on the last
poll() for the subscribed list of topics and partitions. |
void |
commit(java.util.Map<TopicPartition,java.lang.Long> offsets,
CommitType commitType)
Commits the specified offsets for the specified list of topics and partitions to Kafka.
|
long |
committed(TopicPartition partition)
Fetches the last committed offset for the given partition (whether the commit happened by this process or
another).
|
java.util.Map<MetricName,? extends Metric> |
metrics()
Get the metrics kept by the consumer
|
java.util.List<PartitionInfo> |
partitionsFor(java.lang.String topic)
Get metadata about the partitions for a given topic.
|
ConsumerRecords<K,V> |
poll(long timeout)
Fetches data for the topics or partitions specified using one of the subscribe APIs.
|
long |
position(TopicPartition partition)
Returns the offset of the next record that will be fetched (if a record with that offset exists).
|
void |
seek(TopicPartition partition,
long offset)
Overrides the fetch offsets that the consumer will use on the next
poll(timeout) . |
void |
seekToBeginning(TopicPartition... partitions)
Seek to the first offset for each of the given partitions
|
void |
seekToEnd(TopicPartition... partitions)
Seek to the last offset for each of the given partitions
|
void |
subscribe(java.lang.String... topics)
Incrementally subscribes to the given list of topics and uses the consumer's group management functionality
|
void |
subscribe(TopicPartition... partitions)
Incrementally subscribes to a specific topic partition and does not use the consumer's group management
functionality.
|
java.util.Set<TopicPartition> |
subscriptions()
The set of partitions currently assigned to this consumer.
|
void |
unsubscribe(java.lang.String... topics)
Unsubscribe from the specific topics.
|
void |
unsubscribe(TopicPartition... partitions)
Unsubscribe from the specific topic partitions.
|
public KafkaConsumer(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object> configs)
Valid configuration strings are documented at ConsumerConfig
configs
- The consumer configspublic KafkaConsumer(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Object> configs, ConsumerRebalanceCallback callback, Deserializer<K> keyDeserializer, Deserializer<V> valueDeserializer)
ConsumerRebalanceCallback
implementation, a key and a value Deserializer
.
Valid configuration strings are documented at ConsumerConfig
configs
- The consumer configscallback
- A callback interface that the user can implement to manage customized offsets on the start and
end of every rebalance operation.keyDeserializer
- The deserializer for key that implements Deserializer
. The configure() method
won't be called in the consumer when the deserializer is passed in directly.valueDeserializer
- The deserializer for value that implements Deserializer
. The configure() method
won't be called in the consumer when the deserializer is passed in directly.public KafkaConsumer(java.util.Properties properties)
Properties
object as configuration. Valid
configuration strings are documented at ConsumerConfig
A consumer is instantiated by providing a
Properties
object as configuration. Valid configuration strings are documented at
ConsumerConfig
public KafkaConsumer(java.util.Properties properties, ConsumerRebalanceCallback callback, Deserializer<K> keyDeserializer, Deserializer<V> valueDeserializer)
Properties
object as configuration and a
ConsumerRebalanceCallback
implementation, a key and a value Deserializer
.
Valid configuration strings are documented at ConsumerConfig
properties
- The consumer configuration propertiescallback
- A callback interface that the user can implement to manage customized offsets on the start and
end of every rebalance operation.keyDeserializer
- The deserializer for key that implements Deserializer
. The configure() method
won't be called in the consumer when the deserializer is passed in directly.valueDeserializer
- The deserializer for value that implements Deserializer
. The configure() method
won't be called in the consumer when the deserializer is passed in directly.public java.util.Set<TopicPartition> subscriptions()
subscribe(TopicPartition...)
then this will simply return the list of partitions that
were subscribed to. If subscription was done by specifying only the topic using subscribe(String...)
then this will give the set of topics currently assigned to the consumer (which may be none if the assignment
hasn't happened yet, or the partitions are in the process of getting reassigned).subscriptions
in interface Consumer<K,V>
subscriptions()
public void subscribe(java.lang.String... topics)
As part of group management, the consumer will keep track of the list of consumers that belong to a particular group and will trigger a rebalance operation if one of the following events trigger -
subscribe
in interface Consumer<K,V>
topics
- A variable list of topics that the consumer wants to subscribe tosubscribe(String...)
public void subscribe(TopicPartition... partitions)
subscribe
in interface Consumer<K,V>
partitions
- Partitions to incrementally subscribe tosubscribe(TopicPartition...)
public void unsubscribe(java.lang.String... topics)
poll()
onwardsunsubscribe
in interface Consumer<K,V>
topics
- Topics to unsubscribe fromunsubscribe(String...)
public void unsubscribe(TopicPartition... partitions)
poll()
onwardsunsubscribe
in interface Consumer<K,V>
partitions
- Partitions to unsubscribe fromunsubscribe(TopicPartition...)
public ConsumerRecords<K,V> poll(long timeout)
The offset used for fetching the data is governed by whether or not seek(TopicPartition, long)
is used.
If seek(TopicPartition, long)
is used, it will use the specified offsets on startup and on every
rebalance, to consume data from that offset sequentially on every poll. If not, it will use the last checkpointed
offset using commit(offsets, sync)
for the subscribed list of partitions.
poll
in interface Consumer<K,V>
timeout
- The time, in milliseconds, spent waiting in poll if data is not available. If 0, waits
indefinitely. Must not be negativeNoOffsetForPartitionException
- If there is no stored offset for a subscribed partition and no automatic
offset reset policy has been configured.poll(long)
public void commit(java.util.Map<TopicPartition,java.lang.Long> offsets, CommitType commitType)
This commits offsets to Kafka. The offsets committed using this API will be used on the first fetch after every rebalance and also on startup. As such, if you need to store offsets in anything other than Kafka, this API should not be used.
 No error will be thrown if the commit fails. A blocking commit will wait for a response acknowledging the commit. In the event of an error it will retry until the commit succeeds.
commit
in interface Consumer<K,V>
offsets
- The list of offsets per partition that should be committed to Kafka.commitType
- Control whether the commit is blockingcommit(Map, CommitType)
public void commit(CommitType commitType)
poll()
for the subscribed list of topics and partitions.
This commits offsets only to Kafka. The offsets committed using this API will be used on the first fetch after every rebalance and also on startup. As such, if you need to store offsets in anything other than Kafka, this API should not be used.
commit
in interface Consumer<K,V>
commitType
- Whether or not the commit should block until it is acknowledged.commit(CommitType)
public void seek(TopicPartition partition, long offset)
poll(timeout)
. If this API
is invoked for the same partition more than once, the latest offset will be used on the next poll(). Note that
you may lose data if this API is arbitrarily used in the middle of consumption, to reset the fetch offsetsseek
in interface Consumer<K,V>
seek(TopicPartition, long)
public void seekToBeginning(TopicPartition... partitions)
seekToBeginning
in interface Consumer<K,V>
seekToBeginning(TopicPartition...)
public void seekToEnd(TopicPartition... partitions)
seekToEnd
in interface Consumer<K,V>
seekToEnd(TopicPartition...)
public long position(TopicPartition partition)
position
in interface Consumer<K,V>
partition
- The partition to get the position forNoOffsetForPartitionException
- If a position hasn't been set for a given partition, and no reset policy is
available.position(TopicPartition)
public long committed(TopicPartition partition)
This call may block to do a remote call if the partition in question isn't assigned to this consumer or if the consumer hasn't yet initialized it's cache of committed offsets.
committed
in interface Consumer<K,V>
partition
- The partition to checkNoOffsetForPartitionException
- If no offset has ever been committed by any process for the given
partition.committed(TopicPartition)
public java.util.Map<MetricName,? extends Metric> metrics()
public java.util.List<PartitionInfo> partitionsFor(java.lang.String topic)
partitionsFor
in interface Consumer<K,V>
topic
- The topic to get partition metadata forpartitionsFor(String)


public interface IStreamService extends IScopeService
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
closeStream(IConnection connection,
int streamId)
Close the stream but not deallocate the resources.
|
int |
createStream()
Create a stream and return a corresponding id.
|
void |
deleteStream(int streamId)
Close the stream if not been closed.
|
void |
deleteStream(IStreamCapableConnection conn,
int streamId)
Delete stream
|
void |
initStream(int streamId)
Called by FMS.
|
void |
pause(Boolean pausePlayback,
int position)
Pauses playback
|
void |
pauseRaw(Boolean pausePlayback,
int position)
Undocumented Flash Plugin 10 call, assuming to be the alias to pause(boolean, int)
|
void |
play(Boolean dontStop)
Play stream without initial stop
|
void |
play(String name)
Play stream with name
|
void |
play(String name,
int start)
Play stream with name from start position
|
void |
play(String name,
int start,
int length)
Play stream with name from start position and for given amount if time
|
void |
play(String name,
int start,
int length,
boolean flushPlaylist)
Publishes stream from given position for given amount of time
|
void |
publish(Boolean dontStop)
Publish
|
void |
publish(String name)
Publishes stream with given name
|
void |
publish(String name,
String mode)
Publishes stream with given name and mode
|
void |
receiveAudio(boolean receive)
Can recieve audio?
|
void |
receiveVideo(boolean receive)
Can recieve video?
|
void |
releaseStream(String streamName)
Called by FME.
|
void |
seek(int position)
Seek to position
|
static final String BEAN_NAME
int createStream()
void closeStream(IConnection connection, int streamId)
connection
- ConnectionstreamId
- Stream idvoid deleteStream(int streamId)
streamId
- Stream idvoid initStream(int streamId)
streamId
- Stream idvoid releaseStream(String streamName)
streamName
- stream namevoid deleteStream(IStreamCapableConnection conn, int streamId)
conn
- Stream capable connectionstreamId
- Stream idvoid play(Boolean dontStop)
dontStop
- Stoppage flagvoid play(String name)
name
- Stream namevoid play(String name, int start)
name
- Stream namestart
- Start positionvoid play(String name, int start, int length)
name
- Stream namestart
- Start positionlength
- Playback lengthvoid play(String name, int start, int length, boolean flushPlaylist)
name
- Stream published namestart
- Start positionlength
- Playback lengthflushPlaylist
- Flush playlist?void publish(String name)
name
- Stream published namevoid publish(String name, String mode)
name
- Stream published namemode
- Stream publishing modevoid publish(Boolean dontStop)
dontStop
- Whether need to stop firstvoid seek(int position)
position
- Seek positionvoid pause(Boolean pausePlayback, int position)
pausePlayback
- Pause or resume flashposition
- Pause positionvoid pauseRaw(Boolean pausePlayback, int position)
pausePlayback
- Pause or resume flashposition
- Pause positionvoid receiveVideo(boolean receive)
receive
- Boolean flagvoid receiveAudio(boolean receive)
receive
- Boolean flagCopyright © 2005-2013. All Rights Reserved.


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Homework 2
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Simulated Method of Moments: Another Method of Structural Estimation
Table of Contents
Generalized Method of Moments (GMM)
GMM is a fundamental concept taught in graduate-level econometrics. It is very popular because it nests many common econometric estimators:
- OLS
- IV and 2SLS
- Nonlinear least squares (NLLS)
- MLE (e.g. probit, logit)
There is a great overview video here.
Method of Moments
We can use method of moments to estimate a model's parameters
- Consider a simple regression model
Assume \(\mathbb{E}[\varepsilon \vert \mathbb{x}] = 0\) (conditional independence). Then we can form a system of 3 equations and 3 unknowns
OLS Population Moment Conditions
If we write out the OLS moment conditions, we get
\begin{align*} \mathbb{E}[\varepsilon] &= 0\\ \mathbb{E}[\varepsilon' x_1] &= 0\\ \mathbb{E}[\varepsilon' x_2] &= 0\\ \end{align*}Rewriting in terms of our parameters of interest \((\beta_0,\beta_1,\beta_2)\):
\begin{align*} \mathbb{E}[(y - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_1 - \beta_2 x_2)] &= 0\\ \mathbb{E}[(y - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_1 - \beta_2 x_2)' x_1] &= 0\\ \mathbb{E}[(y - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_1 - \beta_2 x_2)' x_2] &= 0\\ \end{align*}- OLS Sample Moment Conditions
We then need to adjust the previous formula to work with sample analogs:
\begin{align*} g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) &=\begin{cases} \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N(y_i - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_{i1} - \beta_2 x_{i2}) &= 0\\ \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N(y_i - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_{i1} - \beta_2 x_{i2})' x_{i1} &= 0\\ \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N(y_i - \beta_0 - \beta_1 x_{i1} - \beta_2 x_{i2})' x_{i2} &= 0\end{cases} \end{align*}We can estimate this by exactly-identified GMM using the objective function
\begin{align*} \hat{\boldsymbol \beta} &= \arg \min_{\boldsymbol \beta} J\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) \end{align*}where
\begin{align*} J\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) &= N g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right)' g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) \end{align*}
GMM with more moment conditions than parameters
The solution to the obj fn on the pvs slide has a closed form for OLS: \((X'X)^{-1}X'y\)
- In cases with more moment conditions than parameters, we need to weight
where
\begin{align*} J\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) &= N g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right)' \hat{\mathbf{W}}(\boldsymbol \beta) g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) \end{align*}- There is a ton of econometric theory about the optimal weighting matrix \(\hat{\mathbf{W}}\)
- As well as the asymptotic properties of the GMM estimator (spoiler: they're good)
GMM examples
The most common example of an overidentified GMM is Two Stage Least Squares
- Specifically, when # instruments \(>\) # endogenous \(x\)'s
There are other examples in time series econometrics applications
- e.g. the \(MA(1)\) model, the stochastic volatility model
Or in applications of non-linear least squares or MLE
- Binary Logit Sample Moment Conditions
The moment conditions for the binary logit model are:
\begin{align*} g\left(\boldsymbol \beta\right) &=\begin{cases} \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N\left[y_i - \frac{\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}{1+\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}\right] &= 0\\ \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N\left[y_i - \frac{\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}{1+\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}\right]' x_{i1} &= 0\\ \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N\left[y_i - \frac{\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}{1+\exp\left(\beta_0 + \beta_1 x_{i1} + \beta_2 x_{i2}\right)}\right]' x_{i2} &= 0\end{cases} \end{align*}where \(y_i \in \left\{0,1\right\}\)
- If we have more than two \(X\)'s then we simply add more conditions
- The formula for \(J\) is the same as in the OLS case (or any other case)
—
- Coding example: Estimating binary logit by GMM
We can estimate the binary logit model by (exactly identified) GMM as follows:
function logit_gmm(α, X, y) K = size(X,2) N = size(y,1) P = exp.(X*α)./(1 .+ exp.(X*α)) g = zeros(K) for k = 1:K g[k] = (1/N)*sum( (y .- P) .* X[:,k] ) end J = N*g⋅g return J end α_hat_optim = optimize(a -> logit_gmm(a, X, y), rand(size(X,2)), LBFGS(), Optim.Options(g_tol=1e-8, iterations=100_000))
This gives estimates that are quite close to (but not identical to) MLE
Usefulness of simulation
As we showed in PS4, we can sometimes use simulation to compute integrals. Another alternative is to use quadrature to compute the integral
- In the simulation case, we took draws from the mixture distribution of a mixed logit
- More generally, we can estimate highly complex models using simulation methods
- In some cases, simulation is the only option; everything else is intractable
- Quadrature typically only works with very low-dimensional integrals
Simulated Method of Moments
As the name would imply, SMM is a simulated version of GMM
- The difference: SMM uses moments from simulated data
- The objective is then to make simulated and actual data match
- See (NO_ITEM_DATA:mcfadden1989)` and (NO_ITEM_DATA:evans2018) for more details
- (NO_ITEM_DATA:evans2018) includes a Python coding example
- Notes by Jason DeBacker, Eric Sims and Colin Cameron are also helpful
Pros of SMM
- Can estimate models with \(P\)'s that don't have a closed form, like probit (NO_ITEM_DATA:chintagunta1992)
- Can estimate other models that would otherwise be intractable
- e.g. dynamic models with high-dimensional integrals
- Or micro-models based only on aggregated data
- Coding for simulating the model is already done! Can dive right into counterfactuals
- It's straightforward to interpret the moments and know that model is fitting these
- Also easier to compare with reduced-form evidence
Cons of SMM
- Much more computationally intensive than GMM
- Loss of (statistical) efficiency, relative to MLE (i.e. larger SE's)
- For me personally, it's not always clear which moments to select
SMM in Julia
Once we know the objective fn, we can program any estimator we please
- Let's consider how to estimate a simple linear regression model
\(y\) and \(X\) are data, and we want to estimate \(\beta\) and \(\sigma\)
Estimation steps
For each guess of \(\theta = [\beta', \sigma]'\) we do the following:
- Compute data moments
- Draw \(N\) \(\varepsilon\)'s
- Compute \(y\) from the model equation (call it \(\tilde{y}\)) given values for \(\beta\) and \(\sigma\)
- Compute model moments using \(\tilde{y}\) (same as data moments with \(y\))
- Update objective function value given values of data and model moments
function ols_smm(θ, X, y, D) K = size(X,2) N = size(y,1) β = θ[1:end-1] σ = θ[end] if length(β)==1 β = β[1] end gmodel = zeros(K+1,D) gdata = zeros(K+1) # data moments gdata[1] = mean(y) for k = 2:K gdata[k] = cov( y,X[:,k] ) # covariance between y and each of the X's end gdata[K+1] = var(y) # variance of y #### !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #### # This is critical! # Random.seed!(1234) # # You must always use the same ε draw # # for every guess of θ! # #### !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ### # simulated model moments for d=1:D ε = sqrt(σ^2)*randn(N) # to ensure σ is always positive ỹ = X*β .+ ε gmodel[1,d] = mean(ỹ) for k=1:K gmodel[k,d] = cov( ỹ,X[:,k] ) end gmodel[K+1,d] = var(ỹ) end # minimize squared difference between data and moments g = mean(gmodel .- gdata; dims=2) J = N*g⋅g return J end
- Data moments to match: \(\left\{\overline{y},\widehat{V}(y),\widehat{Cov}\left(y,X_k\right)\right\}\)
- Model moments to match: \(\left\{\overline{\tilde{y}},\widehat{V}(\tilde{y}),\widehat{Cov}\left(\tilde{y},X_k\right)\right\}\)
SMM optimization
- We can optimize the objective function with any optimizer we'd like
- Note that the SMM objective function is much .hi[bumpier] than its GMM version
- So you will need to employ tactics to find the global maximum:
- use LBFGS from many different starting values
- use Simulated Annealing or Particle Swarm
- (these are algorithms designed to find global optima)
- But if you give it OLS as starting values, it will go to the right place
- It will also work if you give it \(Cov(y,X_k)\) as starting values for the slope coefficients
- Purely random starting values won't work!
SMM.jl
- SMM is so common, that others have already implemented it
- And probably in a more computationally efficient manner!
- One such package is `SMM.jl`, written by Florian Oswald (Sciences Po)
- This package allows for parallelization, which can speed up estimation time
- It also uses a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm known as BGP
- "BGP" comes from (NO_ITEM_DATA:bgp2013)
- I am still learning this package but there are some examples
- Let's estimate the following model using `SMM.jl`
where \(\mathbf{\varepsilon} \sim MVN\left(\mathbf{0},I\right)\). Thus, the \(\beta\)'s constitute the means of each MVN dimension.
- The code to do this is included in the examples of `SMM.jl` with \((\beta_{01},\beta_{02}) = (-1,1)\)
using SMM, DataFrames MA = SMM.parallelNormal() # Note: this line may take up to 5 minutes to execute dc = SMM.history(MA.chains[1]) dc = dc[dc[:accepted].==true, :] println(describe(dc))
You can then verify that the `mean` column for `p1` and `p2` is close to -1 and 1.
Indirect inference (NO_ITEM_DATA:smithPalgrave2008)
So far today we've only talked about matching model moments to data
- Logic: if the model matches the data, then it is a reasonable model
- Another alternative is known as .hi[indirect inference]
- In this case, we use an auxiliary model
The auxiliary model doesn't need to accurately describe the DGP
- It simply acts a lens through which to view the world
- Objective: minimize the parameters of the economic model such that
- real-world data = simulated data through the lens of the auxiliary model
Example: Economic Model
Consider a simple macro model with two simultaneous equations:
\begin{align*} C_t &= \beta Y_t + u_t\\ Y_t &= C_t + X_t \end{align*}- \(C_t\) (consumption) and \(Y_t\) (income) are endogenous
- \(X_t\) (non-consumption expenditure) is exogenous
- \(u_t \overset{iid}{\sim}N(0,\sigma^2)\)
- Supposing we know the value of \(\sigma^2\), then \(\beta\) is the lone parameter in the model
Example: Auxiliary model
We don't need to use indirect inference to estimate \(\beta\), but we can
- Suppose our auxiliary model is
where again the variance \(s^2\) is known
- We can estimate \(\theta\) by OLS or MLE
- But how does that help us estimate \(\beta\)?
- We need to find the mapping between \(\beta\) and \(\theta\)
Example: Finding the mapping
Let's apply some algebra to the first system of equations. Substituting \(Y_t\) gives
\begin{align*} C_t &= \beta(C_t+X_t)+u_t\\ C_t &= \frac{\beta}{1-\beta}X_t + \frac{1}{1-\beta}u_t \\ &\Rightarrow \theta = \frac{\beta}{1-\beta} \\ &\Rightarrow \beta = \frac{\theta}{1+\theta} \end{align*}- We know we can easily estimate \(\theta\) by OLS
- Then we can recover \(\hat{\beta}\) by evaluating \(\frac{\hat{\theta}}{1+\hat{\theta}}\)
- We worked backwards from the auxiliary model to get estimates of the main model


{% if page.collection %} {% assign current = page %} {% else %} {% assign current = site.posts[0] %} {% endif %}
{% if page.robots %} {% endif %} {{ seo }}My name is Shekinah McClymont, and I’m a rambunctious innovated and responsible 19-year-old. I’m a very independent person and was a Retreat Leader at my high school and apart of an initiative called Unity. Within this group I’ve learned to communicate effectively and maintain a good work relationship with others. Also, I’ve learned to function independently and become a multidisciplinary team member in a fast-paced demanding environment. In addition, I play Rep basketball and was the captain of my school’s rugby team. I love playing sports, it’s a huge part of my life and has become a passion of mine. Throughout life it’s taught me many things that’s helped me become the determined and hard-working person I am today.
-Family and Friends
-Education
-Mental and Physical Health
-Culture
-Animals
-Nature
I believe you can find happiness in the simplest of pleasures, such as reading a book, or sitting on your favorite couch or doing the job you love. My simplest pleasure is being able to have the privilege to do the job I love, the idea of getting to design a room that could bring a smile to someone’s face makes me happy. If I could do that for the rest of my life I know that I must be doing something right and that I’ve met one of my many goals in life, which is to bring happiness on to others. Since I was a little girl I’ve always been an artist and a very passionate one too. Every Christmas my mother would get me a fashion design sketchbook and for hours I would site down and design anything and everything. No matter where I went people would always find me with a sketchbook, it was the highlight of my day. Throughout life, I’ve learned to explore the art world and slowly gravitate towards User Experience Design. Even though I didn’t start out wanting to be a UX Designer.
- Good organizational and time management skills and ability to work under pressure
- Communicate effectively and the ability to maintain a good work relationship
- Able to take initiative and the ability to function both independently and as a multidisciplinary team member in a fast-paced demanding environment
- Demonstrates the ability to be adaptable, independent and flexible in order to work efficiently and effectively
`
- Able to provide a fast, friendly and accurate environment of service
A poster created to advertise Harry's Razors.
Home Ami is a homeless kit for people and families it can be used for the long run.
This portfolio consist of my art work that I made out of different mediums.
A poster created to advertise Burger Chef.
"The best thing you can do for a person is to inspire them. That's the best currency you can offer: inspiration. So, when a person can rely on you for that, that empowers them in every realm of their life. Being inspired. It empowers them in their relationships, in their business, in their art, in their creativity. It empowers them because without inspiration, you're dry." "
-Nipsey Hussle


You don’t have to worry about long waits and can wizard the clinic in the evening on Saturday.


| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| motor | Event Input | Chang Motor State Event ,including Follow Data Input |
| c1m | Data Input | Converyer1 Motor ,1:on ,0:off |
| c2m | Data Input | Converyer2 Motor ,1:on ,0:off |
| ttm1 | Data Input | Turntable Converyer Motor,1:on,0:off |
| ttm2 | Data Input | Turntable Rotate Motor,1:Forward ,0:stop:,-1:Backward |
| h1c | Data Input | Hammer1 Cylinder,1:Forward,0:Backward |
| h2c | Data Input | Hammer2 Cylinder,1:Forward,0:Backward |
| h3c | Data Input | Hammer3 Cylinder,1:Forward,0:Backward |
| sensor | Event Output | Refresh Sensor Per 300ms,Include Following Sener Data |
| c1 | Data Output | Converyer1 Has Object On ,1:has 0:has not |
| c2 | Data Output | Converyer2 Has Object On ,1:has 0:has not |
| ontt | Data Output | TurnTable Has Object On ,1:has 0:has not |
| ttup | Data Output | TurnTable is Upload State ,1:is ,0:not |
| ttdl | Data Output | TurnTable is Download State ,1:is ,0:not |
| color1 | Data Output | What Color The Object At Hammer1 Cylinder ,return RGB Number,etc: 0xff0000() red |
| color2 | Data Output | What Color The Object At Hammer2 Cylinder ,return RGB Number,etc: 0xff0000() red |
| color3 | Data Output | What Color The Object At Hammer3 Cylinder ,return RGB Number,etc: 0xff0000() red |


Count It Help: Table Of Contents
Quick Start
Adding a Game
Remove a Game
Change a Game's Name
Tracking the Frame Rate
Preferences
Recordings


Allen is a second-year student at UC San Diego studying Computer Science, where he is currently taking CSE 170, a very interesting course about Human-Computer Interaction Design.


Background
This page is really open-source, as I have made it open source. Please check my GitHub repo for further information. This also implies that it can be bulit as per your choice, and you can save its copy anytime through GitHub.
This page is really open-source, as I have made it open source. Please check my GitHub repo for further information. This also implies that it can be bulit as per your choice, and you can save its copy anytime through GitHub.
What's more interesting is that the GitHub takes it as its responsibility to make the page always up and running, meaning that you can come back here in the same URL anytime later. Also, if you have any changes to suggest, feel free to open any Pull Request or issue in the Repo. Check it out for more info.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to you for taking out your time and checking what's here in this repository. Cheers, and happy developing!


The GNSDK supports identifying music in three different modules:
Music-ID—Provides support for identifying music using the following:
The GnMusicId
class supports this functionality. See "Identifying Music Using a CD-TOC, Text, or Fingerprints (MusicID)" for more information.
Music-ID File—Provides support for identifying music stored in audio files. The GnMusicIdFile
class supports this functionality.
See "Identifying Audio Files (MusicID-File)" for more information.
Music-ID Stream—Provides support for identifying music that is delivered in real-time as an end-user listens. For example: listening to a song on the radio or playing a song from a media player. You can identify streaming music using audio fingerprints generated from a streaming audio source, typically through a microphone. The GnMusicIdStream
class provides support for this functionality. On some platforms, the GnMic
class is available for listening to a device microphone.
For more information, see "Identifying Streaming Music (MusicID-Stream)".


{% if attachment.redacted %}
{% trans 'This attachment contains personally identifying information and cannot be published.' as tooltip %}
{% elif attachment.converted and not attachment.approved %}
{% trans 'This attachment has been converted to PDF and cannot be published.' as tooltip %}
{% elif attachment.approved %}
{% if object.public %}
{% trans 'This attachment is public.' as tooltip %}
{% else %}
{% trans 'This attachment is only visible for users with access to this request.' as tooltip %}
{% endif %}
{% else %}
{% if not attachment.can_approve %}
{% trans 'This attachment is not public yet.' as tooltip %}
{% else %}
{% trans 'This attachment cannot be published.' as tooltip %}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{# filename #}
{% if attachment.approved or object|can_write_foirequest:request and attachment.can_link %}
{{ attachment.name }}
{% elif not attachment.approved and not object|can_write_foirequest:request and object|can_read_foirequest_authenticated:request %}
{# not approved, can read but cannot write, so allow read link #}
{{ attachment.name }}
{% else %}
{{ attachment.name }}
{% endif %}
{# attachments badges #}
{% if attachment.approved or attachment.redacted %}
{% if attachment.redacted or attachment.converted and not attachment.approved %}
{% blocktrans %}protected original{% endblocktrans %}
{% endif %}
{% if attachment.approved %}
{% if attachment.is_mail_decoration %}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% if attachment.is_redacted %}
{% blocktrans %}redacted{% endblocktrans %}
{% endif %}
{% else %}
{% if attachment.pending %}
{% blocktrans %}PDF Pending{% endblocktrans %}
{% elif attachment.is_mail_decoration and object|can_read_foirequest_authenticated:request %}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{# attachment badges end #}
{# filesize #}
{{ attachment.size|filesizeformat }}
{% if object|can_write_foirequest:request and not attachment.approved and attachment.can_approve %}


JavaScript is disabled on your browser.
Overview
Package
Class
Deprecated
Index
Help
Frames
No Frames
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
_
A
addToHand(Map)
- Method in
Hand
Add a card represented by a map to a hand.
B
C
cards
- Field in
Deck
Collection of all the cards in this set of decks.
cards
- Property in
Hand
Holds the cards in a hand
cardsNeeded()
- Method in
Hand
Returns an integer indicating the number of cards that are flagged as replaceCard.
checkFlush(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkFourKind(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkFullHouse(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkJacksOrBetter(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkPair(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkRoyalFlush(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkSize(ArrayList, int)
- Method in
Evaluator
Returns the number of cards that whose values show up in the hand multiple times
checkStraight(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkStraightFlush(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkThreeKind(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
checkTwoPair(Hand)
- Method in
Evaluator
clearCards()
- Method in
Hand
Clears all cards from the hand, sets the position to insert the next card to 0.
currentBet
- Property in
VideoPoker
D
deal()
- Method in
VideoPoker
Deal the cards and handle cleanup and evaluation of a player's hand as well as awarding and reserving tokens.
dealCard()
- Method in
Deck
Removes a card from the card from the collection of cards.
dealCards(int)
- Method in
Deck
Deals a number of cards
dealHand()
- Method in
VideoPoker
Deal the needed cards.
Deck
- Class in
Deck
Class that stores a representation of decks of cards.
Deck(int)
- Constructor in
Deck
deck
- Property in
VideoPoker
drawScreen(boolean)
- Method in
VideoPoker
Display a representation of the game state.
E
evaluate(Hand, int)
- Method in
Evaluator
Cycles through all the check functions to see if the game should pay out for a win.
Evaluator
- Class in
Evaluator
Class that evaluates a poker hand to see if it has won or lost
Evaluator()
- Constructor in
Evaluator
evaluator
- Property in
VideoPoker
F
file
- Property in
Deck
File on disk that stores the definition of the cards.
findCardToReplace()
- Method in
Hand
Iterates through the cards and looks for one that has the replaceCard property set to true in it.
G
H
Hand
- Class in
Hand
Class that stores a representation of a poker hand.
Hand()
- Constructor in
Hand
hand
- Property in
VideoPoker
I
incrementBet()
- Method in
VideoPoker
Increment the players bet by one.
init()
- Method in
VideoPoker
Show the initialization screen and shuffle the decks.
initCards(int)
- Method in
Deck
Using the numDecks variable, add the full set of cards to the cards collection that many times.
J
K
L
M
main(String)
- Method in
VideoPoker
maxBet
- Property in
VideoPoker
N
numDecks
- Field in
Deck
Number of decks to generate.
O
ordinalHandler(ArrayList<Map>)
- Method in
Evaluator
Retrieves the numeric value of each card.
P
payouts
- Property in
Evaluator
Stores the payout chart and descriptions.
position
- Field in
Hand
Position to insert the next card.
printHand()
- Method in
Hand
Prints out a representation of a hand.
processInput()
- Method in
VideoPoker
Process the input from a user.
Q
quitGame
- Property in
VideoPoker
When the player hits Q, this is toggled to true and the game ends.
R
rand(int)
- Method in
Deck
Produces a random number under a certain value.
roundState
- Property in
VideoPoker
S
scanner
- Property in
VideoPoker
Streams user input to the game.
shuffleDecks()
- Method in
Deck
Shuffles the deck of cards.
suitHandler(ArrayList<Map>)
- Method in
Evaluator
Retrieves the suit of each card.
T
tokens
- Property in
VideoPoker
Starting number of tokens
U
V
VideoPoker
- Class in
VideoPoker
Class where our main game logic lives.
VideoPoker()
- Constructor in
VideoPoker
W
X
Y
Z
_
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
_
Overview
Package
Class
Deprecated
Index
Help
Frames
No Frames
Groovy Documentation


|
GUI Builder User Guide |
|
|
The GUI Builder is an application used to create user interfaces. The GUI
Builder contains many of the standard user interface widgets, such as dialog boxes containing radio buttons and check boxes. After you create the interface, the GUI Builder will
generate the code and place it in the Komodo Editor Pane.
You will be prompted to provide a name for the project file. This project
file has the extension ".ui", and will be automatically added to the Komodo
Project or to the Toolbox, depending on where the dialog command
was invoked.
Next, you will be prompted to specify the target language. When code is
generated by the GUI Builder and displayed in the Komodo Editor Pane,
it will be generated in the language specified here.
Top
Dialog projects can be added to a project in the
Project Manager, or to
the Toolbox. In the Project
Manager, right-click the project name or a folder within a project and select
Add New Dialog. Alternatively, from the menu, select
Project|Add to Project|Add New Dialog. In the Toolbox,
right-click in an empty area within the Toolbox Pane, or right-click a folder, and select Add New Dialog.
When you invoke the GUI Builder, you will be prompted for the following
information:
- Specify Dialog Project File: the files related to the
dialog are stored in a project file with a ".ui" extension.
- Specify Output Language: the GUI Builder can generate
code in several languages and language versions:
- Tcl/Tk (8.3)
- Tcl/Tk (8.4)
- Perl/Tk (8.0)
- Python/Tkinter (8.3)
- R/TclTk (8.5)
After specifying the options described above, the GUI Builder will load.
When you save a new dialog in the GUI Builder, the following items will be
created in either the Toolbox
or the Project Manager
(depending on where the Add New Dialog command was invoked):
- Dialog.ui Project File: the name you specified
for the dialog will be suffixed with ".ui. This dialog project file will
contain two files:
- Dialog.language: edit this file to add
functionality to widgets.
- Dialog_ui.language: this file is automatically
generated by the GUI Builder, and should not be modified.
Top
Quick Overview
- Add rows and columns by double-clicking grid lines.
- Resize cells by dragging the grid lines.
- Drag and drop widgets from the Widget Palette to a cell in the workspace.
- Double-click widgets in the workspace to configure their properties.
- Click the green arrow on the Toolbar to test the interface.
- Save the GUI to create the files in Komodo.
Top
The Workspace is used to design the GUI. This section discusses manipulation
of the workspace grid; see Widgets for a description
of adding, deleting and configuring widgets.
The selected cell is indicated by the column and row handles at the top
and the left of the workspace. When a cell is selected, the
column and row handles are displayed in blue. When a single column or row handle
is selected, it will be displayed in red. Use the
Application Preferences to set color and
size preferences for the workspace.
Usage
- Add a Row or Column: click on a grid line and press the
Insert key. Alternatively, double-click the grid line.
- Add a Row and Column: click in a grid cell and press the
Insert key.
- Select a Row or Column: click on a grid line. The grid
line will change color according to the Selection Color
setting in the Preferences.
- Select a Row and Column: click in a grid cell. The
column and row handles will change color according to the
Selection Color setting in the
Preferences.
- Delete a Row or Column: click on a grid line and press the
Delete key. Rows and columns cannot be deleted if they
contain a widget.
- Delete a Row and Column: click in a grid cell and press the
Delete key. Rows and columns cannot be deleted if they
contain a widget.
- Configure Row and Column Size, Weight and Widget Padding:
click in a grid cell and select Edit|Row & Column
Properties. Use this dialog to change size, weight and padding
around widgets.
- Resize Row or Column: click and drag a grid line.
Top
The toolbar contains buttons for the most common widget configuration
options. Select the widget in the grid before changing widget properties.
From left to right, the tools are:
|
Save file |
|
Widget text |
|
Widget text size |
|
Widget text bold and italic |
|
Widget text alignment |
|
Widget foreground and background color |
|
Widget position in cell |
|
Widget border and relief |
|
Widget orientation (for the scrollbar widget) |
|
Widget delete |
|
Run or stop running interface |
Top
|
Usage
- Drag widgets from the palette to a cell in the workspace.
- Use the toolbar buttons to
configure basic properties.
- Double-click widgets in the workspace
to configure advanced properties.
- Double-click widgets in Widget Palette to set default properties.
- To span rows or columns, point the mouse at the edge of
the widget and drag the widget resize handle when the mouse pointer
changes (grid lines spanned by the widget will disappear).
- To make widgets resizable, click the column or row handle once to
select, then again to toggle the resizable setting. When the arrows on
the handle point outwards, the widget will be resizable. Note that this
characteristic only has an effect if the widget is configured to adhere
to two (or four) sides of the cell. (The scrollbar widget is resizable
by default.)
- To attach scrollbars to widgets, first insert the desired widget and
scrollbar in the workspace. Then select the widget, and select
Commands|Attach Scrollbars. You will be prompted to
specify which scrollbars you wish to attach. Scrollbars can only be
attached to scrollable widgets.
|
Top
Properties vary according to the selected target language. Refer to the
Language tab in the GUI Builder Properties (Edit|Preferences)
to view the selected target language.
- To change the properties of an individual widget, double click the
widget in the workspace.
- To change the default properties for a widget, double click the widget
in the Widget Palette.
Property Reference
Top
Usage
- Help messages are displayed if Show Statusbar Help is
checked in the Preferences (Edit|Preferences).
- Help messages are displayed for the object under the current cursor
position.
- The status bar displays warnings, progress messages and diagnostics.
- When dragging a widget or resize handle, the status bar displays the
grid position or size.
Top
- Insert on widget dropped on gridline: If this option is
enabled, a row or column will be automatically inserted when you drop a
widget on a grid line. If this option is not enabled, the GUI Builder will
ignore widgets dropped on grid lines.
- Confirm saves before Test: If this option is enabled,
you will be prompted to save changed files before you can
test the application.
- Confirm widget delete: If this option is enabled, you
will be prompted to confirm that you want to delete a widget in the
workspace.
- Autosave on quit: If this option is enabled, changed
files will be automatically saved. Otherwise, you will be prompted to save
changed files.
- Mouse Gravity: This setting determines how far the mouse
pointer must move to invoke the action. Set the value lower to make the mouse
more responsive, and higher to give the mouse more tolerance.
- Show Tooltips: If this option is enabled, yellow pop-up
hints will be displayed when you hover the mouse pointer over an object.
- Show Statusbar Help: If this option is enabled, usage
tips will be displayed in the bottom right corner of the GUI Builder window.
- Selection Color: When a widget or grid line is selected
(by clicking on it), it will be outlined in the color specified here.
- Grid Background: This setting specifies the color of
grid background.
- Active Over Color: When you hover the mouse pointer over
a grid line, the line will change to the color specified here.
- Frame Background: Set the color for the background
of the frame widget.
- Show Grid Lines: If this option is enabled, grid lines
will be displayed. Otherwise they will not.
- Grid Line Thickness: Set the thickness of the grid line.
- Default Grid Spacing: When you create a new GUI, cells
will be created by default with the pixel size specified here.
- Control Points Size: Set the size of the Widget Resize
Handles.
Specify the language that should be generated by the GUI Builder.
Top
To modify the functions within the dialog, open the
Dialog.language file, (where "Dialog" is the name of the project, and
"language" is the standard language suffix) located beneath the dialog project
file. Do not edit the Dialog_ui.language file, as this file is
automatically generated by the GUI Builder, and therefore any changes you make
could be lost.
Code entered within the following section will be preserved even if the
dialog is subsequently modified;
- Tcl:
proc
sections
- Perl:
sub
sections
- Python:
def
sections
Top
To modify the graphical properties of the dialog,
right-click the project file (with the ".ui" extension) and select
Edit Dialog. This will launch the GUI Builder and load the
project. Code within the sections described above will not be affected by
modifying the graphical properties of a dialog.
Top
Usage
- To run the application, click the green arrow on the
Toolbar, or select
Commands|Start Test.
- To stop a running application, click the red stop box on the
Toolbar, or select
Commands|Stop Test.
Top
When you save the GUI in the GUI Builder, corresponding dialog project and
language files will be created in Komodo, either in the Project or the Toolbox,
depending on where the New Dialog command was invoked. These
files will conform to the following convention:
- Dialog.ui Project File: the name you specified
for the dialog will be suffixed with ".ui". This dialog project file will
contain two files:
- Dialog.language: edit this file to add
functionality to widgets.
- Dialog_ui.language: this file is automatically
generated by the GUI Builder, and should not be modified.
To display the code in the Komodo editor, select Commands|View
Code. Alternatively, in Komodo, open the Dialog.language file
beneath the dialog project.
Refer to "Using the GUI Builder" in the Komodo User Guide for more
information.
Top


Do you have any comments or thoughts you'd like to share with us? Kindly fill out the information below and we'll get back to you as soon as possible! We highly appreciate your time, thank you!


f_dyn
Grammar
[ vd0, wd0, qdd ] = f_dyn(R0, A0, v0, w0, q, qd, F0, T0, Fe, Te, tau)
Global variables
BB, S0, SS, SE, J_type, Qi, Qe,
c0, cc, ce,
m0, m, mass, inertia0, inertia,
num_q, Ez, Gravity
Explanation
Function which computes forward dynamics.
Details
The equation of motion of a robot system is shown below.
H*xdd + c = F + J^(-1)*Fe
H：Inertia matrix of the whole robot system
xdd：Acceleration of the whole robot system
F：Generalized forces
J：Jacobian matrix
Fe：External forces applied to an end point
c：Velocity-dependent term
Directly determining the velocity-dependent term c is computationally expensive.
If the acceleration xdd of the robot and the external forces Fe are set to zero,
the velocity-dependent term c becomes equal to the generalized forces F.
Thus, the acceleration xdd of the robot can be expressed as follows.
xdd = H^(-1)*{ F - F|xdd,Fe=0 + J^(-T)*Fe }


{{ dash.execSummary }}
Executive Summary :
'Executive Summary' content must be less than 4000 characters
Add a schedule
to generate this report
and email it to
Please provide valid email address. You can enter multiple email address separated by a comma ','
Name:
Description :
'Description' content must be less than 4000 characters
Visualizations:


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES OF OXFORD > Corpus Christi College > List of select books formerly belonging to William Grocyn, in or soon after 1520
{% endif %}4 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


Basic example which shows how to display the map in the webpage.
Example showing how to fly between locations using browser's autopilot capabilities.
Layer switcher example, showing how to change bound layer on the surface.
This example demonstrates how to show or hide surfaces on the map.
This example demonstrates how to show or hide geodata on the map.
Example showing how to add line and point features on the surface with map browser capabilities.
In this example, user can mark point on surface using mouse click.
In this demo we demonstrate, how to place custom polygon meshes (with texture) on the terain surface.
In this demo demonstrates, how to implemnt hit test for custom polygon meshes.
Expample showing how to create geodata with styled features.
Expample showing how to combine geodata with dynamically rendered features.
Expample showing how to work with hover events.
Expample showing how to work with advanced hover events.
Simple application for displaying GPX files.
Basic map example using only VTS Core library.


{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %} {% block content %}
For each user, please select whether to delete or toggle on/off their API Token:
These users do NOT have an API Token:


I enjoy taking an abstract idea, and turning it into something that brings value and impact to others! That may be developing a web-app, or working with Digital Graphic. High consideration goes into long-term functionality, scalability & innovation thereof. In short, I want to do things that make a difference.
Need a copy of my Resume?
PHP
MySQL
Python
Java
HTML/CSS
Javascript/JQuery
SASS/LESS
Frameworks


A simple WebSite for Programmers to Name your Variables or Functions Gracefully, instead of the one like "doSomeShit( );"


{% extends 'dashboard_base.html' %} {% load staticfiles custom_filters bootstrap %} {% block content %}
Cover URL: Upload Cover
Torrent Group ID: New Edition Original
With Torrent ID: With Torrent
Release Type: {% for type in release_types %} {{ type.1 }} {% endfor %}
Original Year (if another edition):
Tags:
Force Artists:
Upload


1 write to _receivedEvent
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility (1)
commands\utility\WaitEventCommand.cs (1)
156
_receivedEvent
= e;
4 references to _receivedEvent
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility (4)
commands\utility\WaitEventCommand.cs (4)
101
if (
_receivedEvent
!= null)
103
WriteObject(
_receivedEvent
);
150
if (
_receivedEvent
== null)
154
if (
_receivedEvent
== null)


Somebody will call me a weird cowboy but i first finish the SP in BF4, than i goto the MP.
I did the same with BC2 and BF3 :)
juress
Theme Developer
BrainFooLong wrote:
Somebody will call me a weird cowboy but i first finish the SP in BF4, than i goto the MP.
I did the same with BC2 and BF3 :)
Did the same with BF3.
I won't be buying BF4 for couple of months after release at all...
José Ortega
Global Moderator
I did that with BC2, i didn't bother with BF3, i need comedy to finish a game.
Topicstarter
GameFreakBoy
wasakakero wrote:
I did that with BC2, i didn't bother with BF3, i need comedy to finish a game.
It looks like they gave BF4 a very serious tone but with much better writing than BF3. BF3 had a ok story, but it wasn't anything spectacular.
Meaurk
Global Moderator
BrainFooLong wrote:
Somebody will call me a weird cowboy but i first finish the SP in BF4, than i goto the MP.
I did the same with BC2 and BF3 :)
You're not a cowboy, most of the gamers did and will do the same. :)
kurtextrem
I finished the SP 1 year before I started playing MP lol
Brady_The
I loved the BC2 single player, but the BF3 single player was pretty bad in my opinion. I had to force me to play through (it helped that the internet connection was interrupted a few times), while I played at least twice through BC2.
I don't expect too much, but of course I will look into it.
BrainFooLong
Administrator
So, got my hands finally to the SP.
I like it, better than BF3 SP in my opinion.
Also the sometimes "different" ways to solve problems is good, it's still heavily linear but sometimes you have the choice how and when you do something.
And, what surprised me very much, i can play it on Full HD Ultra with my current system, and it run smooth. Sometimes just minimal drops but in general it's running > 30fps.
System Specs:
Windows 7
Zotac GTX 580 Amp
12GB Ram
SSD HDD


A platform for evert type of trader.
The MetaTrader 4 trading platform has stood the test of time in the face of so much advancement and increased competition because it has continued to evolve over the years.
MetaQuotes, the development team behind the MT4 platform, has continued to refine the platform and add new features in accordance with demand and the times. This is why it remains the number one choice for traders and thus us why we at Magic Compass, offer it as our primary trading platform for investors.
learn more


From January to March 2017 I did my Journalism Residency, a one-quarter internship, at Scranton Gillette Communications where I was a design intern. I will be continuing as a full-time intern through June 2017. Below is a sample of some of the work I did during my JR.
Microsites I contributed to:
SWS Conference Expo: Design and coding of exhibitors and sponsors pages
Think Diversity Now: Design and coding of agenda, speakers and sponsors pages, coding of home page
PR Extreme Sales Summit: Coding of home, speakers and partners pages


Auxilliary Tool:
A static class for some open-loop fixation strategies, which can be used as points of comparison to more sophisticated search strategies.
More...
#include <OpenLoopPolicies.h>
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static CvPoint | getFixationPoint (int fixationNumber, int policyType, CvSize gridSize) |
| Get a fixation point on some open loop trajectory. | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const int | RANDOM = 0 |
| Generate fixation point from the Random policy, picking the next point randomly. | |
| static const int | ORDERED = 1 |
| Generate fixation point from the Ordered policy, scanning left-to-right, top-to-bottom. | |
| static const int | SPIRAL = 2 |
| Generate the next fixation as the next-closest-cell-to-center. As of the current implementation, this does not yield a proper spiral, but some approximation. |
Auxilliary Tool:
A static class for some open-loop fixation strategies, which can be used as points of comparison to more sophisticated search strategies.
Since the policies are all open loop, they can all be indexed by a point on a trajectory and so no state is needed, hence the class is static. Fixation points can be generated via the OpenLoopPolicies::getFixationPoint() function, which requires a fixation number (point on the trajectory), a policy type, and the size of the the visual field.
The following policies are implemented:
| CvPoint OpenLoopPolicies::getFixationPoint | ( | int | fixationNumber, |
| int | policyType, | ||
| CvSize | gridSize | ||
| ) | [static] |
Get a fixation point on some open loop trajectory.
| fixationNumber | The discrete point along the trajectory, indexed from 0. To get the next fixation point on the trajectory, this parameter should be incremented, keeping the other parameters fixed. |
| policyType | The specific trajectory to find a point on. Current choices are OpenLoopPolicy::RANDOM, OpenLoopPolicy::ORDERED, OpenLoopPolicy::SPIRAL. |
| gridSize | The number of available locations that could be fixated. |


val ruleSet: RuleSet<ItemType>?
The rule set that contains the association rules, which have been generated by the Apriori algorithm or null, if the algorithm has not been configured to generate any rules
ruleSet
- The rule set that contains the association rules, which have been
generated by the Apriori algorithm or null, if the algorithm has not
been configured to generate any rules
Author
Michael Rapp
Since
1.0.0


Step 1: Please upload the video content to be kept safe and encrypted.
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Description:
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LevenshteinDistance()
Allows to calculate the distance of texts according to the Levenshtein distance. The Levenshtein distance measures the number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions or substitutions) that are necessary to change one text into another. It can also be used for texts with different lengths.
Author
Michael Rapp
Since
1.0.0


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Application could not be completed {% endblock %} {% block content %}
To qualify for the Healthy Start scheme, you must have completed 10 weeks of pregnancy or have at least one child under 4 years old.
If you’re less than 10 weeks pregnant and have no other children under 4 years old, you’ll need to apply again when you’ve completed your 10th week of pregnancy.
If you’re more than 10 weeks pregnant or have any children under 4 years old, check that you’ve entered your details correctly.
If there’s a change in your circumstances or you think there’s been a mistake, you can contact us by:
What did you think of this service? (opens in a new window) (takes 30 seconds).


Source code for apache_beam.utils.annotations
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
""" Deprecated and experimental annotations.
Annotations come in two flavors: deprecated and experimental
The 'deprecated' annotation requires a 'since" parameter to specify
what version deprecated it.
Both 'deprecated' and 'experimental' annotations can specify the
current recommended version to use by means of a 'current' parameter.
The following example illustrates how to annotate coexisting versions of the
same function 'multiply'.::
def multiply(arg1, arg2):
print arg1, '*', arg2, '=',
return arg1*arg2
# This annotation marks 'old_multiply' as deprecated since 'v.1' and suggests
# using 'multiply' instead.::
@deprecated(since='v.1', current='multiply')
def old_multiply(arg1, arg2):
result = 0
for i in xrange(arg1):
result += arg2
print arg1, '*', arg2, '(the old way)=',
return result
# This annotation marks 'exp_multiply' as experimental and suggests
# using 'multiply' instead.::
@experimental(since='v.1', current='multiply')
def exp_multiply(arg1, arg2):
print arg1, '*', arg2, '(the experimental way)=',
return (arg1*arg2)*(arg1/arg2)*(arg2/arg1)
# Set a warning filter to control how often warnings are produced.::
warnings.simplefilter("always")
print multiply(5, 6)
print old_multiply(5,6)
print exp_multiply(5,6)
"""
import warnings
from functools import partial
from functools import wraps
# Produce only the first occurrence of matching warnings regardless of
# location per line of execution. Since the number of lines of execution
# depends on the concrete runner, the number of warnings produced will
# vary depending on the runner.
warnings.simplefilter("once")
[docs]def annotate(label, since, current):
"""Decorates a function with a deprecated or experimental annotation.
Args:
label: the kind of annotation ('deprecated' or 'experimental').
since: the version that causes the annotation.
current: the suggested replacement function.
Returns:
The decorator for the function.
"""
def _annotate(fnc):
@wraps(fnc)
def inner(*args, **kwargs):
if label == 'deprecated':
warning_type = DeprecationWarning
else:
warning_type = FutureWarning
message = '%s is %s' % (fnc.__name__, label)
if label == 'deprecated':
message += ' since %s' % since
message += '. Use %s instead.'% current if current else '.'
warnings.warn(message, warning_type)
return fnc(*args, **kwargs)
return inner
return _annotate
# Use partial application to customize each annotation.
# 'current' will be optional in both deprecated and experimental
# while 'since' will be mandatory for deprecated.
deprecated = partial(annotate, label='deprecated', current=None)
experimental = partial(annotate, label='experimental', current=None, since=None)


{% extends "home/base.html" %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block content %} {% csrf_token %} Log in Log in Forgot Password? Don't Have an Account? Sign Up Now ! {% endblock content %}


I am an expert PHP and JavaScript developer with strong problem-solving skill. In my 2.5 year+ development career I have developed about 50+ web application and solved many complicated problems.
I am using WordPress to create an immediate and highly customizable website. For custom and very complex functional website (LIKE investment platform, gambling, etc) I have already created some WordPress plugin. So it's not a matter for me that extend WordPress with any functionality easy or complex.
{{ job.company }}
{{ service.content }}


I'm a junior here at Lewis, I lives on campus, and I double major in Aviation administration and Business administration. I was born in Khon Kean, Thailand. I moved to the states around 2016. In the beginning, I lived in Texas, then I moved to Illinois for college. I did some programing in highschool, C++ to be specific. Didn't quite enjoy it, but I think it would be very benefitial for me in the future.
-Working out, hiking, listening to music
Fun Facts about me


This is a simple jQuery plugin to add social sharing links to your webpage. It supports two modes, as a popup attached to an anchor link, and inline inside a container.
The share icon next to the heading is of popup type. The social icons at the bottom of the page is of inline type.
Currently provides the following social shares:
It also provides Print and Email for convenience.
jQuery('.popup').BEShare({ 'type': 'popup', // or 'inline' 'targets': ['Facebook', 'Twitter', 'LinkedIn', 'Google+', 'Print', 'Email'], 'class': 'BEShare', 'prefix': 'icon-', 'width': '626', 'height': '436', 'via': 'BrandExtract', // A username associated with the shared content, usually for Twitter 'onShare': null });


Student Portal
Signed in as {{Student}}
Logout
Your Choice: {{Choice}}
{{Description}}
{{^oppTime}}
Name
Description
Teacher
Location
Maximum Size
{{#data}}
{{name}}
{{description}}
{{teacher_lastname}}
{{location}}
{{max_size}}
{{/data}}
{{/oppTime}} {{^notExcluded}}
{{/notExcluded}}


Steifit delivers products with low calorie content, nutritious ingredients, and most importantly nearly zero effective carbohydrates and sugar; without sacrificing taste, texture or price. Starting with our four unique recipes for our products we are able to bring a solution to the table by offering our target group a healthy and convenient alternative to their problem. Our products are very different from other confectionery products, although they might look the same and taste just as sweet.
Discover more!Our products contain zero sugar, and contain effectively no carbohydrates, or gluten.
Most of our products use no animal derived ingredients.
Our products deliver the highest quality, for the most affordable price.
Convienient and highly available, our products are suitable for every occasion.
We make it extremely easy to conduct a healthy lifestyle without sacrificing the pleasures of life.
We strive to provide tasty, sugar and guilt free sweets to diabetics.
Steifit products will ensure your family always consumes healthy sweets, ensuring their health and energy.
No more will dieting be tedious. Steifit will provide sugar free and healthy alternatives that taste amazing, so you can change your life.
 If you are interested in having your paintings, digital artwork or designs featured in thousands of packagings along with a contact link to your social media account; then hit us up with your art and personal information. On every batch we will use different artwork on our packaging, and we are currently accepting submissions.
Talk to us here!Are you interested in doing business with us? Do you own a shop or chain who wants to include zero carb confectionaries? Or you might just want to purchase batches of our products? Call us and let's get down to business!
+355676031526


On June 1 or many days before this date low levels of CYANOTOXINS were found in Salem Oregons drinking water, Detroit Reservoir. These toxins are created by algal blooms, and are harmful to children under the age of six, people with compromised immune systems, people receiving dialysis treatment, people with pre-existing liver conditions, pets, pregnant women and nursing mothers. A drinking water advisory was put in place by the city and clean water distribution locations were set up around the city.
The first step I did was to write a list of data to the firebase database. Every list of data written in string form consists of a location, maximum amount of water you can recieve, and the location's address, which is the most important information. That's because the goal of this app is to use the addresses of the locations and connect them to the phone's location sensor and current addreess to give the user precise directions to the water distribution locations. By doing it this way, I can change all the data when the city switches locations without the user of the app doing anything. All the user has to do is open the app, turn on their location services and go.
Next, we need to pull every list string from our firebase database. We do this by using a when screen initalizes block and we need a firebase get tag list.
Now, we need the when firebase taglist block and a for each item in list block and a firebase get value block. The firebase when taglist list block means when we recieve the taglist do what next. So next, we want to attach the for each item in taglist list block and attach the taglist value to it. After that, we want to attach the get firebase value block and put the item from the for each block into the tag slot. The item is our string data we wrote. Voila, now we have access to all the string data we wrote into the firebase database. Now, we need to seperate that data to do what we want with it.
Now, we need to create a variable with an empty list to put our data into.
Next, we need a firebase got value block and an add items to list block. Snap those two together which are pretty self explantory. Now, we want to add the items from the firebase database to the water locations empty list. Set the item to the firebase value.
Now, we need to create three more variables to seperate our data.
The first variable will hold the first string location name, the second variable will hold info, the third variable will hold address. So, the first string will be index 1, the second string will be index 2, the third string will be index 3.
Now, we need three select items from list blocks and add them to our variables and connect each value to each and index 1-3 like I explained above.
Now, we need to create three more variables and connect all three to create empty list. Do you see where this is going! The first varible name should be locationNameIndex, the second variable should be named infoIndex, the third variable should be addressIndex.
Now, we need three add items to list blocks. We are going to add location name to locationNameIndex empty list variable. For the item we are going to add locationName variable. Repeat this for the rest of them.
Now, we are all finished, we can now use the data as we please. I used a list picker since we are using list data. You can check out screen shots of my app below. Also here is an example of how I used a go there button with the address data.


KUKA Connect turns your KUKA robot data into intelligent information to help you utilize your assets more efficiently. Big data, live and historic, is transformed and visualized to fuel better decision making for your overall operations.
KUKA Connect automates the maintenance of your KUKA robots by scheduling current and future maintenance tasks and alerts you of possible events that may cause unplanned downtime.
KUKA Connect’s infrastructure enables a collaborative ecosystem where third parties can fuse robot-centric data with process data to create more tailored and vertical solutions for specific applications.
KUKA Connect’s responsive interface allows users to securely view and share their connected robots’ data in seconds, any time and from any device.
We know you move fast, which is why KUKA Connect users receive immediate access to frequently released features and functionalities


Check out what you can do with this app!
How to keep training process when you go somewhere far away from your gym? Venrok is always with you. It's like your personal pocket coach.
No matter what your are doing (IronMan, CrossFit, Marathons, Yoga, Freediving, Football, etc). You are free to make any kind of workouts for you.
Forget about handwritten lists of workouts, youtube videos and timers that you need to use together. Concentrate on your workout all the rest venrok will do for you.
Find people who are also inspired by the sport like you. Share your workouts and records. Find new ways to train yourself.


ROTA’s integrated, lightweight and biomechanically efficient powertrain, delivers outstanding multiple speed and torque performance on push and pull.
The ROTA powertrain gives riders the option of 8 gearing ratios that can be shifted at a low velocity or input force. But we didn’t stop there. Depending on how much input force you need, you can extend the telescopic lever arm. Hills - no problem.
The push-pull lever is three times the length of a bicycle crank. That’s three times the mechanical advantage.
The sophisticated powertrain transmission can free wheel and includes a clutch that prevents the rider from rolling back. Stop on an incline and just relax. There’s no need to keep a hold on your pushrims.
Because pushrim propulsion is ideal for maneuvering in confined spaces the powertrain can be disengaged. That’s the kind of smart, integrated design that sets the RoChair and RoTrike apart from other wheelchairs.
Lever-propelled wheelchairs have been described as more efficient and less physically demanding than traditional pushrim wheelchairs. Propelling with a lever mechanism provides a more effective transfer of power by placing the arms in a more natural segmental position and orientation.
ROTA’s front-and-center lever propulsion is a really healthy solution. Front-and-center propulsion eliminates the injurious non-sagittal plane propulsion geometry and peak strain forces incurred when using individual levers and pushrims. With your propulsion mechanism aligned with your torso core muscle groups are employed and developed in symmetry.
Lifting your body in and out of your chair induces peak strain forces on your shoulders and wrists. ROTA rides use 20 inch wheels located under the seat making transfers a breeze. In park-mode just swing up one of the arm rests and slide right on in uninhibited by wheels or side guards. You’ll find lots of clearance to swing your leg over the powertrain.
ROTA rides steer just like a bicycle. It couldn’t be any simpler. With the RoChair and RoTrike you have incredible maneuverability.
RoChair turns in its own footprint just like your everyday chair.
RoTrike has an in-drive turning radius of just 36 inches. Turn the handlebar and the front wheel turns.
Just pull all the way back on the lever like you would the reigns of a horse and the vehicle engages powerful disc brakes.
A simple latch can be used to secure the brakes in park-mode for transfers, riding in vehicles or when at a table.
Standard braking functions have been designed to be universally accessible for paraplegic and tetra/quadriplegic riders with limited hand/grip function.
A lot of manufacturers have made crude attempts to add levers onto wheelchairs. ROTA is the only company to have achieved an integrated solution offering front-and-center mounted push-pull lever propulsion.
Front-and-center is a big deal. The mechanism adds zero width to the vehicle. In fact, ROTA vehicles are on average four to six inches narrower than many popular ultralight wheelchairs. Most add-on lever or reduced gearing propulsion options on the market today are cumbersome and heavy.
Traditional pushrim wheelchairs come in all shapes and sizes. Pushrim wheelchair users who have issues with immobility or decreased sensation frequently cannot maintain proper positioning or are unaware that they have swayed from an upright, symmetrical posture. Asymmetrical posture during propulsion can lead not only to upper body ambulation, but also to problems with function, skin integrity, breathing, swallowing and digestion.
ROTA’s integrated front-and-center propulsion facilitates and develops good riding posture. The requirement for fitting necessary to ensure a user’s optimum position for pushrim propulsion is eliminated. Front-and-center propulsion also prevents a rider from tipping from side-to-side (falling out of his/her ride). ROTA products are made for both para and quad riders.
ROTA riders can easily adjust their seat back and base angles themselves. Full adjustability has also been designed into the foot stirrups. The requirement for fitting necessary to match the seat width to a rider is eliminated having placed the rear wheels underneath the seat. This design also allows for unobstructed transfer. Your center of gravity is optimally placed over the wheels.
Ergonomics and performance. Powertrain and ride. Design and distribution. Manufacturing and engineering. They’re all part of a single process at ROTA. From the smallest detail to the biggest engineering breakthrough, ROTA rides are the next generation of mobility devices.
Alternative modes of manual wheelchair ambulation: an overview.
van der Woude LH, Dallmeijer AJ, Janssen TW, Veeger D.
Heavy Handed: Repetitive Strain Injury Among Manual Wheelchair Users
Cooper, R, Boninger, M, Robertson, R.
Design of a manually propelled wheelchair: optimizing a wheelchair-user combination
Vegter, Groot, Hettinga, Veeger, van der Woude
Mechanical advantage in wheelchair lever propulsion : effect on physical strain and efficiency
van der Woude, Botden, Vriend, Veeger
Influence of training on biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion
Rodgers, Keyser, Rasch, Gorman, Russell
Wheelchair use, pain, and satisfaction with life in a national sample of older adults
Leung, Colantonio, Santaguida
University of Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences
University of Pittsburgh, Human Engineering and Research Laboratory
Stanford University, Mechanical Engineering and Design Schools
Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Applied Physiology
United States Veterans Administration, Center of Excellence for Wheelchairs
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, SCI Peers
Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center


Lichens occur on rocks, leaves, and even on barks but more often than not they escape our notice and we miss out on one of the most brilliant relationships between two separate groups of organisms which occurs naturally. A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae or cyanobacteria living among the filaments (hyphae) of two fungi in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.
A symbiotic relationship is one in which two or more organisms of different species are in an association of mutual benefit or dependence.
A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from algae
In the case of lichens, the fungi benefit from the carbohydrates produced by the algae or cyanobacteria via photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungi, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and provide an anchor to it.
The world around us is actually full of such associations such as the partnership between the pistol shrimp and the gobies, sharks and the remora fish, the ostrich and the gazelle to name a few.
Symbiotic associations may take place between organisms for nutrition or protection and are based on the complementary characteristics of participating members such the ostrich’s good sight and the gazelle’s excellent hearing that makes them a stronger survival pair against the predators of the Savannah.


Admin Console
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On most OS, shebangs can only specify a single parameter.
#!/usr/bin/env bash -x
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -x
Most operating systems, including POSIX, Linux and FreeBSD, allow only a single parameter in the shebang. The example is equivalent to calling env 'bash -x'
instead of env 'bash' '-x'
, and it will therefore fail.
The shebang should be rewritten to use at most one parameter. Shell options can instead be set in the body of the script.
macOS X currently allows multiple words in the shebang. Scripts running on OSX exclusively can ignore this warning.


Cloud Vision V1 API - Class Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchAnnotateImagesRequest (v0.6.4)
Reference documentation and code samples for the Cloud Vision V1 API class Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::BatchAnnotateImagesRequest.
Multiple image annotation requests are batched into a single service call.
Inherits
- Object
Extended By
- Google::Protobuf::MessageExts::ClassMethods
Includes
- Google::Protobuf::MessageExts
Methods
#parent
def parent() -> ::String
-
(::String) — Optional. Target project and location to make a call.
Format:
projects/{project-id}/locations/{location-id}
.If no parent is specified, a region will be chosen automatically.
Supported location-ids:
us
: USA country only,asia
: East asia areas, like Japan, Taiwan,eu
: The European Union.Example:
projects/project-A/locations/eu
.
#parent=
def parent=(value) -> ::String
-
value (::String) — Optional. Target project and location to make a call.
Format:
projects/{project-id}/locations/{location-id}
.If no parent is specified, a region will be chosen automatically.
Supported location-ids:
us
: USA country only,asia
: East asia areas, like Japan, Taiwan,eu
: The European Union.Example:
projects/project-A/locations/eu
.
-
(::String) — Optional. Target project and location to make a call.
Format:
projects/{project-id}/locations/{location-id}
.If no parent is specified, a region will be chosen automatically.
Supported location-ids:
us
: USA country only,asia
: East asia areas, like Japan, Taiwan,eu
: The European Union.Example:
projects/project-A/locations/eu
.
#requests
def requests() -> ::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest>
- (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest>) — Required. Individual image annotation requests for this batch.
#requests=
def requests=(value) -> ::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest>
- value (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest>) — Required. Individual image annotation requests for this batch.
- (::Array<::Google::Cloud::Vision::V1::AnnotateImageRequest>) — Required. Individual image annotation requests for this batch.


Build and deploy advanced statistical models in Python
OpenCV | TensorFlow Keras
SQL | PostgreSQL
Tableau | Seaborn matplotlib
Git | Github
Spark | PySpark
Designed Mechanical Ground Support Equipment to support Testing and Installation activities for F-35 Aircraft
Designed Mechanical Ground Support Equipment to support Testing and Installation activities for James Wwebb Space Telescope (JWST)
Led design and packaging of LV components and wire harnesses for FF91 and FF81 vehicles
Primary Design Engineer for in-house 35kWh HV Battery Pack and all other powertrain components (Gearbox, Motors, Inverters, etc)


CloudAtlas
Distributed system
CloudAtlas
Home
Queries
Set attribute
Fallback Contacts
Host choice
Set attribute
Node path:
Attribute:
Type:
Value:
Set
Created by Marian Dziubiak and Jakub Kuklis


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THE COMMUNITY
Here’s the Featured Urban photo of August!
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Olympus Network added new photo filters!
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Take a look at these truly awesome worspaces
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Take a look at these truly awesome worspaces
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Firstly, we will to the Xilinx Downloads page to obtain the installer. Select version 2017.2 on the left sidebar. Choose “PetaLinux 2017.2 Installer”. It is a single-file executable that is 7.54GB large.
Note: you have to be a registered user to download it.
Installation
Firstly we need enable i386 architecture (if running Ubuntu x64):
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
Before you proceed, make sure all the prerequisites are satisfied:
sudo apt install chrpath socat texinfo gcc-multilib libsdl1.2-dev xinetd tofrodos iproute \
gawk gcc git-core make net-tools ncurses-dev libncurses5-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison lib32z1 \
lib32ncurses5 lib32stdc++6 libselinux1 xvfb autoconf libtool libbz2-1.0 xinetd tftpd tftp \
lib32stdc++6 libgtk2.0-0:i386 libfontconfig1:i386 libx11-6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxrender1:i386 libsm6:i386 libssl-dev
libqtgui4:i386
for a successful installation, we need to configure tftp
sudo nano /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
protocol = udp
port = 69
socket_type = dgram
wait = yes
user = nobody
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = /tftpboot
disable = no
}
Create a directory /tftpboot
(this should match whatever you gave in server_args.)
sudo mkdir /tftpboot
sudo chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
sudo chown -R nobody /tftpboot
Restart tftp service
sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd stop
sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd start
Change /bin/sh
to bash
sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash
# --> Select Yes
Now install PetaLinux into the directory/opt/petaLinux
. The installer is a shell script that runs in the terminal.
chmod a+x petalinux-v2017.2-final-installer.run
export PETADIR=$HOME/.opt/petalinux
sudo mkdir -p $PETADIR
sudo chown $USER:$USER -R $PETADIR
./petalinux-v2017.2-final-installer.run $PETADIR
Press 'ENTER' to see the licenses, q to quit reading the licenses, and y + ENTER to accept the licenses. The installation should last for about 15-30 mins.
Every time you want to use PetaLinux tools, remember to source the “settings” script to have the right environment variables:
source $HOME/.opt/petalinux/settings.sh
Creating your first project [Board Support Package]
The following is a super simple walk-through of how to use PetaLinux tools.
Once you have the BSP of your choosing downloaded (and extracted if it was a zip file), go to your terminal and change directory to where you would like to create your new PetaLinux project directory and enter the following command.
In my case it would be:
$ cd $HOME/Documents/Xilinx/EmbeddedLinux/Petalinux/Projects
Then run the petalinux-create command on terminal:
$ petalinux-create -t project -s avnet-digilent-zedboard-v2017.2-final.bsp
Rebuilding the reference design system
In order to rebuild the system run petalinux-build
$ petalinux-build -v
This step usually takes 15-30min depending on the performance of your system, the step generated a device tree 'DTB' file, the FSBL(First Stage Bootloader), U-Boot, Linux Kernel and the root file-system images
After the build is complete you can test it in a simulated environment.
Pre-built Petalinux image test with QEMU
Petalinux provide QEMU support to enable testing the image-built in a simulated environment.
$ petalinux-boot --qemu --prebuilt 3
# The --qemu option test petalinux-boot to boot in QEMU instead of real hardware,
# and --prebuilt 3 boots the pre-built linux kernel


DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
1 : Basic Gates ( And, Or, Not )
2 : Exclusive Gates ( XOR, XNOR )
3: Universal Gates (NAND & NOR)
4: XOR Using NAND & NOR Gates
5: XNOR Using NAND & NOR Gates
6: Half & Full Adder
7: Half & Full Subtractor


Hello and welcome to my: "Totally not pointless and not for marks webpage about me!" This website will tell you all you need to know about the man known as Ben Greene, as well as pictures of his cats for some reason.
If you wish to actually do something worthwhile with your time I suggest checking out such web pages as YouTube where you can browse billions of videos, or you could go to The Goldsmiths Website and find out about some of the best courses available in Britain!