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Introduction¶
XGeo is a geospatial utility library which uses xarray, rasterio, pandas, geopandas to provide user geospatial functionality like transformation, re-projection, statistics, zonal statistics calculation, pixel sampling, vector based subsetting etc.
Git Repository¶
Source code of the library is found at https://github.com/Geosynopsis/xgeo
Note
If you clone the repository, the files in the test folders are not cloned. Please use git-lfs to pull those files.


Elizabeth Leonora Ngo
Developer
Page 2Developer with Informatics degree specialized in Design, Use and Interaction. Takes a great interest in Systems Development and Software Testing.
E-mail: elizabethleonorango (at) gmail.com


In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. If the greater values of one variable mainly correspond with the greater values of the other variable, and the same holds for the lesser values, i.e., the variables tend to show similar behavior, the covariance is positive. In the opposite case, when the greater values of one variable mainly correspond to the lesser values of the other, i.e., the variables tend to show opposite behavior, the covariance is negative. The sign of the covariance therefore shows the tendency in the linear relationship between the variables. While the normalized version of the covariance, the correlation coefficient, however, shows by its magnitude the strength of the linear relation.
Notation and Definition
Suppose a set of random variables, $X_{1},X_{2},\dots,X_{n}$, where each random variable has $m$ samples, say, $X_{i}=(x_{i,1},\dots,x_{i,m})$, and denote $\mathbf{X}=(X_{1},X_{2},\dots,X_{n})^{T}$, thus, $\mathbf{X}$ is the random sample matrix: $$ \mathbf{X}=\begin{bmatrix} x_{1,1} & x_{1,2} & \dots & x_{1,m} \newline x_{2,1} & x_{2,2} & \dots & x_{2,m} \newline \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \newline x_{n,1} & x_{n,2} & \dots & x_{n,m} \end{bmatrix}_{n\times m}\tag{1} $$ where the elements in $i$-th row of $\mathbf{X}$, i.e., $x_{i,1},\dots,x_{i,m}$, represent the $m$ samples of $i$-th random variable $X_{i}$. Moreover, let’s denote $$ \alpha_{i}:=(x_{i,1},x_{i,2},\dots,x_{i,m})^{T},i=1,2,\dots,n\tag{2} $$ $$ \beta_{j}:=(x_{1,j},x_{2,j},\dots,x_{n,j})^{T},j=1,2,\dots,m\tag{3} $$ so, $\alpha_{i}$ represents the $i$-th row of $\mathbf{X}$, while $\beta_{j}$ corresponds to the $j$-th column of $\mathbf{X}$, then we will have: $$ \mathbf{X}=(\beta_{1},\beta_{2},\dots,\beta_{m})=(\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2},\dots,\alpha_{n})^{T}\tag{4} $$ Below gives some basic concepts which will be used to deduce the covariance matrix:
Mathematical expectation, $E[\xi]$, is the summation or integration of a possible values from a random variable $\xi$. It is computed by the sum of the product of each posibale value $x_{i}$ and the probability $P(\xi=x_{i})$ of the value occurring. $$ E[\xi]=\sum_{i}x_{i}P(\xi=x_{i})\tag{5} $$ Here the mathematical expectation reflects the average of all possible values of the random variable. Simply, assuming all the possible values of $\xi$ are $x_{1},x_{2},\dots,x_{n}$, and they are equiprobable, i.e, $P(\xi=x_{i})=\frac{1}{n}$, $i=1,2,\dots,n$, then we have $$ E[\xi]=\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}P(\xi=x_{i})=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}\tag{6} $$ Besides, mathematical expectation operator is linear in the sense that $$ E[a\xi+b\eta]=aE[\xi]+bE[\eta]\tag{7} $$ and $\xi-E[\xi]$ is called dispersion of random variable $\xi$.
Variance, denote as $D[\xi]$, or $var[\xi]$, is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable $\xi$ from its mean $$ var[\xi]=E\big[(\xi-E[\xi])^{2}\big]\tag{8} $$ It is non-negative, and informally measures how far a set of (random) numbers are spread out from their mean. Thus, the variance can be used to infer the rate of divergence of distribution of random varibale.
Covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. Considering two random variables $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$, their covariance is defined as $$ cov(X_{i},X_{j})=E\big[(X_{i}-E[X_{i}])\cdot(X_{j}-E[X_{j}])\big]\tag{9} $$ and we have
- $cov(X_{i},X_{j})=cov(X_{j},X_{i})$
- $cov(X_{i},X_{i})=var(X_{i})$
Futher, accoding to the linearity of expectation, we have $$ \begin{aligned} cov(X_{i},X_{j}) & = E\big[(X_{i}-E[X_{i}])\cdot(X_{j}-E[X_{j}])\big]\newline & = E\big[X_{i}X_{j}-E[X_{j}]X_{i}-E[X_{i}]X_{j}+E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}]\big]\newline & = E[X_{i}X_{j}]-E[X_{j}]E[X_{i}]-E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}]+E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}]\newline & = E[X_{i}X_{j}]-E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}] \end{aligned}\tag{10} $$ Thus, $cov(X_{i},X_{j})=E[X_{i}X_{j}]-E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}]$.
Independence: If $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ are independent, then their covariance is zero. This follows because under independence, we have $$ E[X_{i},X_{j}]=E[X_{i}]E[X_{j}] $$
Coherence: assume that the random variables $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ santisfy $var[X_{i}]var[X_{j}]\neq 0$, then the correlation coefficient is defined as $$ \rho_{X_{i},X_{j}}=\frac{cov[X_{i},X_{j}]}{\sqrt{var[X_{i}]}\cdot\sqrt{var[X_{j}]}}\tag{11} $$ if $\rho_{X_{i},X_{j}}=0$, $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ areuncorrelated, otherwise, they are correlated. Correlation coefficient, also named as linearly correlation coefficient, since the correlation coefficient describes the degree of “linear” relation between $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$.
Meanwhile, it is worth to mention that for two random variables $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$, $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ are independent is the sufficient but not necessary condition of uncorrelated, say, if $X_{i}$ and $X_{j}$ are independent, they must be uncorrelated, conversely, it does not always stand up. Thus, we can derive the relationship: independent $\Rightarrow$ uncorrelated $\Leftrightarrow$ $cov(X_{i},X_{j})=0$.
For a $n$ dimensional random variable $\mathbf{X}=(X_{1},X_{2},\dots,X_{n})^{T}$, its covariance matrix is defined as: $$ C:=C(\mathbf{X})=(c_{i,j})_{n\times n}=\begin{bmatrix} cov(X_{1},X_{1}) & cov(X_{1},X_{2}) & \dots & cov(X_{1},X_{n}) \newline cov(X_{2},X_{1}) & cov(X_{2},X_{2}) & \dots & cov(X_{2},X_{n}) \newline \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \newline cov(X_{n},X_{1}) & cov(X_{n},X_{2}) & \dots & cov(X_{n},X_{n}) \end{bmatrix}_{n\times n}\tag{12} $$ where $c_{i,j}=cov(X_{i},X_{j})$, obviously, $C$ is a symmetric matrix, and its diagonal elements represent variance, non-diagonal elements represent the covariance among different components of $\mathbf{X}$. If the coherence of two components are small, then the corresponding value in $C$ is small either. Specifically, if all the components are uncorrelated with each other, $C$ becomes a diagonal matrix.
Note that, we cannot derive the actual value of $C(\mathbf{X})$, but approximately estimate its value according to the sample data provided in $\mathbf{X}$, which means the computed covariance matrix relys on the sample data, normally, the larger the sample data ($m$ is larger), the broader th coverage, and the covariance metrix is more reliable.
Mathematical Derivation
According to (6), $E[X_{i}]$ and $E[X_{j}]$ can be approximately written as $$ E[X_{i}]=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k},\qquad E[X_{j}]=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\tag{13} $$ Let $Y=(X_{i}-E[X_{i}])\cdot(X_{j}-E[X_{j}]):=(Y_{1},Y_{2},\dots,Y_{m})$, where $Y_{k}=(x_{i,k}-E[X_{i}])\cdot(x_{j,k}-E[X_{j}])$, $k=1,2,\dots,m$, with (13), we can derive: $$ \begin{aligned} c_{i,j} & =E[Y]=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}Y_{k}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}(x_{i,k}-E[X_{i}])\cdot(x_{j,k}-E[X_{j}])\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\bigg[\big(x_{i,k}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}\big)\cdot\big(x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}\big)\bigg] \end{aligned}\tag{14} $$ Then we need to simply the formula (14), as describe below: $$ \begin{aligned} c_{i,j} & = \frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\bigg[\big(x_{i,k}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}\big)\cdot\big(x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}\big)\bigg]\newline & = \frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\bigg[x_{i,k}\cdot x_{j,k}-x_{i,k}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}-x_{j,k}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}+\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}\bigg]\newline & = \frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}+\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\frac{1}{m}\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}\cdot\frac{1}{m}\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\cdot\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}+\frac{1}{m^{3}}\sum_{k=1}^{m}1\cdot\sum_{p=1}^{m}x_{i,p}\cdot\sum_{q=1}^{m}x_{j,q}\newline & = \frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big)-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)+\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big)\newline & = \frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\cdot x_{j,k}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big)\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\alpha_{i}^{T}\alpha_{j}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big) \end{aligned}\tag{15} $$ Here we derive the representation of element $c_{i,j}$ in $C$, in order to obtain a more terse expression of $C$, we first introduce two temporary matrix $A$ and $B$, make $C=A-B$, and simply $A$ and $B$ seperately.
For matrix $A=(a_{i,j})_{n\times n}$, where $$ a_{i,j}=\frac{1}{m}\alpha_{i}^{T}\alpha_{j}\tag{16} $$ according to (4), we have $$\begin{aligned} A & =\frac{1}{m} \begin{pmatrix}\alpha_{1}^{T}\newline \alpha_{2}^{T}\newline \vdots\newline \alpha_{n}^{T} \end{pmatrix} (\alpha_{1},\alpha_{2},\dots,\alpha_{n})\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\mathbf{X}\mathbf{X}^{T}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}(\beta_{1},\beta_{2},\dots,\beta_{m})(\beta_{1},\beta_{2},\dots,\beta_{m})^{T}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T} \end{aligned}\tag{17} $$ Then for matrix $B=(b_{i,j})_{n\times n}$, where $$ b_{i,j}=\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}\big)\cdot\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{j,k}\big)\tag{18} $$ we have $$\begin{aligned} B & =\frac{1}{m^{2}} \begin{pmatrix} \sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{1,k}\newline \sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{2,k}\newline \vdots\newline \sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{n,k} \end{pmatrix} (\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{1,k},\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{2,k},\dots,\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{n,k})\newline & =\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)^{T} \end{aligned}\tag{19} $$ Since we suppose that $C=A-B$, so according to (17) and(19), we can write $C$ as $$ C=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T} -\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)^{T}\tag{20} $$ Actually, the formula (20) still can be simplified to merge the two terms as one term: $$\begin{aligned} C & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)^{T}+\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\sum_{i=k}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}-\frac{1}{m^{2}}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\big)^{T}+\frac{1}{m^{3}}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\sum_{i=k}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}\newline & = \frac{1}{m}\bigg\{\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T}-\frac{1}{m}\beta_{i}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}-\frac{1}{m}\big(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\beta_{i}^{T}\big)+\big(\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=k}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)^{T}\bigg\}\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\big(\beta_{i}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}\big)\big(\beta_{i}^{T}-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}^{T}\big)\newline & =\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\big(\beta_{i}-\beta_{0}\big)\big(\beta_{i}-\beta_{0}\big)^{T} \end{aligned}\tag{21} $$ where $\beta_{0}=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{k=1}^{m}\beta_{k}$, specifically, if the average of $m$ samples are zero for every random variable in $\mathbf{X}$, i.e., $\sum_{k=1}^{m}x_{i,k}=0$, then according to (18), we have $b_{i,j}=0$, further, $B=0$. In this case, we have $c_{i,j}=a_{i,j}=\frac{1}{m}\alpha_{i}^{T}\alpha_{j}$, $$ C=A=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}\beta_{i}\beta_{i}^{T}=\frac{1}{m}\mathbf{X}\mathbf{X}^{T}\tag{22} $$ This is the overall mathematical process to deduce the covariance matrix.


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| Room name | Room capacity | Room price per 2 hours | Room price per day | Available |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lemigo 1 | 200 people | 150,000 Rwf | 700,000 Rwf | Yes |
| Admin side | 60 people | NA | 500,000 Rwf | Yes |
| Parking side | 60 people | NA | 500,000 Rwf | No |
| Lemigo 3 | 120 people | NA | 500,000 Rwf | Yes |
| Ihema | 70 people | 500,000 Rwf | 500,000 Rwf | Yes |


Title
Like Tears In Ra
ROY BATTY, 2019
LIKE TEARS IN RAIN
Where am I going? How long have I got?
I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion.
I watched C-beams glitter in the dark near the Tannhauser gate. All those moments will be lost in time...
like tears in rain...
I don't know why he saved my life. Maybe in those last moments he loved life more than he ever had before.
 All he'd wanted were the same answers...


| MATLAB 文件帮助: cv.BackgroundSubtractorKNN | 查看 cv.BackgroundSubtractorKNN 的代码 | Index |
BackgroundSubtractorKNN K-nearest neigbours based Background/Foreground Segmentation Algorithm
The class implements the K-nearest neigbours background subtraction described in [Zivkovic2006]. Very efficient if number of foreground pixels is low.
[Zivkovic2006]:
Zoran Zivkovic and Ferdinand van der Heijden. "Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction". Pattern recognition letters, 27(7):773-780, 2006.
[Prati03detectingmoving]:
Andrea Prati, Ivana Mikic, Mohan M. Trivedi, Rita Cucchiara. "Detecting Moving Shadows: Algorithms and Evaluation", IEEE PAMI, 2003.
| Superclasses | handle |
| Sealed | false |
| Construct on load | false |
| BackgroundSubtractorKNN | Creates KNN Background Subtractor |
| DetectShadows | The shadow detection flag. |
| Dist2Threshold | The threshold on the squared distance between the pixel and the |
| History | The number of last frames that affect the background model. |
| KNNSamples | The number of neighbours, the k in the kNN. |
| NSamples | The number of data samples in the background model. |
| ShadowThreshold | The shadow threshold. |
| ShadowValue | Shadow value is the value used to mark shadows in the foreground |
| id | Object ID |
| addlistener | Add listener for event. | |
| apply | Updates the background model and computes the foreground mask | |
| delete | Destructor | |
| eq | == (EQ) Test handle equality. | |
| findobj | Find objects matching specified conditions. | |
| findprop | Find property of MATLAB handle object. | |
| ge | >= (GE) Greater than or equal relation for handles. | |
| getBackgroundImage | Computes a foreground mask | |
| gt | > (GT) Greater than relation for handles. | |
| Sealed | isvalid | Test handle validity. |
| le | <= (LE) Less than or equal relation for handles. | |
| lt | < (LT) Less than relation for handles. | |
| ne | ~= (NE) Not equal relation for handles. | |
| notify | Notify listeners of event. |
| ObjectBeingDestroyed | Notifies listeners that a particular object has been destroyed. |


Object Literals
An object literal is a list of zero or more pairs of property names and associated values of an object, enclosed in curly braces ({}).
The following is an example of an object literal. The first element of the car object defines a property, myCar, and assigns to it a new string, "Saturn"; the second element, the getCar property, is immediately assigned the result of invoking the function (carTypes("Honda")); the third element, the special property, uses an existing variable (sales).
var sales = "Toyota";
function carTypes(name) {
if (name === "Honda") {
return name;
} else {
return "Sorry, we don't sell " + name + ".";
}
}
var car = { myCar: "Saturn", getCar: carTypes("Honda"), special: sales };
console.log(car.myCar); // Saturn
console.log(car.getCar); // Honda
console.log(car.special); // Toyota
function carTypes(name) {
if (name === "Honda") {
return name;
} else {
return "Sorry, we don't sell " + name + ".";
}
}
var car = { myCar: "Saturn", getCar: carTypes("Honda"), special: sales };
console.log(car.myCar); // Saturn
console.log(car.getCar); // Honda
console.log(car.special); // Toyota


Namespace LiteNetLib
Classes
ConnectionRequest
EventBasedNatPunchListener
EventBasedNetListener
InvalidPacketException
NatPunchModule
Module for UDP NAT Hole punching operations. Can be accessed from NetManager
NetConstants
Network constants. Can be tuned from sources for your purposes.
NetDebug
Static class for defining your own LiteNetLib logger instead of Console.WriteLine or Debug.Log if compiled with UNITY flag
NetManager
Main class for all network operations. Can be used as client and/or server.
NetPacketReader
NetPeer
Network peer. Main purpose is sending messages to specific peer.
NetStatistics
NetUtils
Some specific network utilities
TooBigPacketException
Structs
DisconnectInfo
Additional information about disconnection
NetManager.NetPeerEnumerator
PooledPacket
Interfaces
IDeliveryEventListener
INatPunchListener
INetEventListener
INetLogger
Interface to implement for your own logger
INtpEventListener
IPeerAddressChangedListener
Enums
ConnectionState
Peer connection state
DeliveryMethod
Sending method type
DisconnectReason
Disconnect reason that you receive in OnPeerDisconnected event
LocalAddrType
Address type that you want to receive from NetUtils.GetLocalIp method
NatAddressType
NetLogLevel
UnconnectedMessageType
Type of message that you receive in OnNetworkReceiveUnconnected event


Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
I sounds like you have a fairly vanilla system (using the the system Ruby usually makes things easier). I am not sure why
ruby extconf.rb
would fail; I would expect it to succeed.This may or may not work for you, but I put a copy of the kind of
Makefile
I would expectruby extconf.rb
to generate here; I made this on my pretty stock 10.8.5 install (system Ruby). It doesn't explicitly mention that headers path. You could try stealing the Makefile and see if it brings any joy. -
Greg Hurrell
Closing due to lack of activity.
-
Greg Hurrell
Status changed:
- From: new
- To: closed
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


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make yourself the most expendable member of you team!
How data intensive is your work likely going to be? You might want to work on programming and version control
@tomjwebb agree very much with @ucfagls. Early investment in programming skills pays off in the future in terms of speed & reproducibility.
— Susan Johnston (@SuseJohnston) January 16, 2015
@SuseJohnston +1 if I had a second top point to get across, learn version control so that all your changes are tracked/documented @tomjwebb
— Gavin Simpson (@ucfagls) January 16, 2015
rmarkdown
!@tomjwebb keep the code with the data (try knitr) http://t.co/HCU3sHPy9l #rstats
— Mango Solutions (@MangoTheCat) January 16, 2015
@MangoTheCat @tomjwebb Agree - knitr is amazing, and just one step away from using Sweave, LaTeX etc. Has changed my whole workflow.
— Susan Johnston (@SuseJohnston) January 16, 2015
Take a look at this #OpenScience training program https://t.co/pDiKslMOfJ offered by @nceas @DataONEorg @datacarpentry apply by 17 Feb
— David Mellor (@EvoMellor) January 26, 2017
Join our next Working Open Workshop and @MozOpenLeaders training in Montreal (March 2017) #mozwow! https://t.co/ky8oAUu7VM pic.twitter.com/j3Yl8N9zci
— Mozilla Science Lab (@MozillaScience) February 7, 2017
keep learning, get creative!
@tomjwebb Use it and share it.
— John Kennedy (@micefearboggis) January 16, 2015


[CHAPTER 398A]
LEAVE OF ABSENCE FOR ORGAN, BONE MARROW, OR
PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL DONATION
Section
398A-1 Definitions
398A-2 Inapplicability
398A-3 Leave requirement
398A-4 Restoration of employment
398A-5 Employee rights
398A-6 Civil action


This page is designed to be a graphical API to add customer-objects to a MongoDB.
{{ resp }}
Sort Type: {{ sortType }}
Sort Reverse: {{ sortReverse }}
Search Query: {{ searchFish }}
| Sushi Roll | Fish Type | Taste Level |
| {{ roll.name }} | {{ roll.fish }} | {{ roll.tastiness }} |


robots.txt emulator options
preferred record group (user-agent):
*
Googlebot
default record group and fallback is *
empty stored robots.txt cache:
clear all


{{ candidate.cand_name}} - {{ candidate.cand_election_year }} election
Party: {{ candidate.cand_pty_affiliation}}
Office: {{ candidate.cand_office}}
State: {{candidate.cand_office_st}}
District: {{ candidate.cand_office_district}}
FEC ID: {{ candidate.cand_id }}
Cycles:
{% for candidate in candidates %}{{ candidate.cycle}}{% if forloop.last %}{% else %}, {% endif %}{% endfor %}


Traditional analysis of data from complex surveys used different software and hardware, and textbooks focused heavily on computational special cases of the Horvitz--Thompson variance formula. This made sense in the past, but now there is very large-scale use of national survey data for research in social and health sciences. With modern computing and modern statistical theory it is possible to hide most of the details from the user, as has been done in Stata and in my 'survey' package for R. The iNZight system for visual data analysis being developed by Chris Wild and co-workers in Auckland will go even further in making the analysis transparent.


qiskit_aqua package¶
Algorithm discovery methods, Error and Base classes
-
exception
AquaError
(*message)¶ Bases:
Exception
Base class for errors raised by Aqua.
-
class
Pluggable
¶ Bases:
abc.ABC
Base class for Pluggables.
This method should initialize the module and its configuration, and use an exception if a component of the module is available.
-
static
check_pluggable_valid
()¶ Checks if pluggable is ready for use. Throws an exception if not
-
configuration
¶ Return pluggable configuration.
-
validate
(args_dict)¶
-
static
-
class
Operator
(paulis=None, grouped_paulis=None, matrix=None, coloring='largest-degree')¶ Bases:
object
Operators relevant for quantum applications
Note
For grouped paulis represnetation, all operations will always convert it to paulis and then convert it back. (It might be a performance issue.)
-
chop
(threshold=1e-15)¶ Eliminate the real and imagine part of coeff in each pauli by threshold. If pauli’s coeff is less then threshold in both real and imagine parts, the pauli is removed. To align the internal representations, all available representations are chopped. The chopped result is stored back to original property. Note: if coeff is real-only, the imag part is skipped.
Parameters: threshold (float) – threshold chops the paulis
-
coloring
¶ Getter of method of grouping paulis
-
construct_evaluation_circuit
(operator_mode, input_circuit, backend)¶ Construct the circuits for evaluation.
Parameters: - operator_mode (str) – representation of operator, including paulis, grouped_paulis and matrix
- input_circuit (QuantumCircuit) – the quantum circuit.
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend selection for quantum machine.
Returns: the circuits for evaluation.
Return type:
-
static
construct_evolution_circuit
(slice_pauli_list, evo_time, num_time_slices, state_registers, ancillary_registers=None, ctl_idx=0, unitary_power=None, use_basis_gates=True, shallow_slicing=False)¶ Construct the evolution circuit according to the supplied specification.
Parameters: - slice_pauli_list (list) – The list of pauli terms corresponding to a single time slice to be evolved
- evo_time (int) – The evolution time
- num_time_slices (int) – The number of time slices for the expansion
- state_registers (QuantumRegister) – The Qiskit QuantumRegister corresponding to the qubits of the system
- ancillary_registers (QuantumRegister) – The optional Qiskit QuantumRegister corresponding to the control qubits for the state_registers of the system
- ctl_idx (int) – The index of the qubit of the control ancillary_registers to use
- unitary_power (int) – The power to which the unitary operator is to be raised
- use_basis_gates (bool) – boolean flag for indicating only using basis gates when building circuit.
- shallow_slicing (bool) – boolean flag for indicating using shallow qc.data reference repetition for slicing
Returns: The Qiskit QuantumCircuit corresponding to specified evolution.
Return type:
-
convert
(input_format, output_format, force=False)¶ A wrapper for conversion among all representations. Note that, if the output target is already there, it will skip the conversion. The result is stored back into its property directly.
Parameters: - input_format (str) – case-insensitive input format, should be one of “paulis”, “grouped_paulis”, “matrix”
- output_format (str) – case-insensitive output format, should be one of “paulis”, “grouped_paulis”, “matrix”
- force (bool) – convert to targeted format regardless its present.
Raises: ValueError
– if the unsupported output_format is specified.
-
disable_summarize_circuits
()¶
-
enable_summarize_circuits
()¶
-
eval
(operator_mode, input_circuit, backend, backend_config=None, compile_config=None, run_config=None, qjob_config=None)¶ Supporting three ways to evaluate the given circuits with the operator. 1. If input_circuit is a numpy.ndarray, it will directly perform inner product with the operator. 2. If backend is a statevector simulator, use quantum backend to get statevector and then evaluate with the operator. 3. Other cases: it use with quanutm backend (simulator or real quantum machine), to obtain the mean and standard deviation of measured results.
Parameters: - operator_mode (str) – representation of operator, including paulis, grouped_paulis and matrix
- input_circuit (QuantumCircuit or numpy.ndarray) – the quantum circuit.
- backend (BaseBackend) – backend selection for quantum machine.
- backend_config (dict) – configuration for backend
- compile_config (dict) – configuration for compilation
- run_config (dict) – configuration for running a circuit
- qjob_config (dict) – the setting to retrieve results from quantum backend, including timeout and wait.
Returns: mean and standard deviation of avg
Return type: float, float
-
evaluate_with_result
(operator_mode, circuits, backend, result)¶ Use the executed result with operator to get the evaluated value.
Parameters: - operator_mode (str) – representation of operator, including paulis, grouped_paulis and matrix
- circuits ([QuantumCircuit]) – the quantum circuits.
- backend (str) – backend selection for quantum machine.
- result (Result) – the result from the backend.
Returns: the mean value float: the standard deviation
Return type: float
-
evolve
(state_in, evo_time, evo_mode, num_time_slices, quantum_registers=None, paulis_grouping='random', expansion_mode='trotter', expansion_order=1)¶ Carry out the eoh evolution for the operator under supplied specifications.
Parameters: - state_in – The initial state for the evolution
- evo_time (int) – The evolution time
- evo_mode (str) – The mode under which the evolution is carried out. Currently only support ‘matrix’ or ‘circuit’
- num_time_slices (int) – The number of time slices for the expansion
- quantum_registers (QuantumRegister) – The QuantumRegister to build the QuantumCircuit off of
- paulis_grouping (str) – The grouping to dictate the ordering of the pauli terms. See reorder_paulis method for more details.
- expansion_mode (str) – The mode under which the expansion is to be done. Currently support ‘trotter’, which follows the expansion as discussed in http://science.sciencemag.org/content/273/5278/1073, and ‘suzuki’, which corresponds to the discussion in https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0508139.pdf
- expansion_order (int) – The order for suzuki expansion
Returns: Depending on the evo_mode specified, either return the matrix vector multiplication result or the constructed QuantumCircuit.
-
find_Z2_symmetries
()¶ Finds Z2 Pauli-type symmetries of an Operator
Returns: the list of Pauli objects representing the Z2 symmetries [Pauli]: the list of single - qubit Pauli objects to construct the Cliffors operators [Operators]: the list of Clifford unitaries to block diagonalize Operator [int]: the list of support of the single-qubit Pauli objects used to build the clifford operators Return type: [Pauli]
-
grouped_paulis
¶ Getter of grouped Pauli list.
-
is_empty
()¶ Check Operator is empty or not.
Returns: is empty? Return type: bool
-
static
kernel_F2
(matrix_in)¶ Computes the kernel of a binary matrix on the binary finite field
Parameters: matrix_in (numpy.ndarray) – binary matrix Returns: the list of kernel vectors Return type: [numpy.ndarray]
-
static
load_from_dict
(dictionary, before_04=False)¶ Load paulis in a dict to construct an Operator, the dict must be represented as follows: label and coeff (real and imag). E.g.: {‘paulis’: [ {‘label’: ‘IIII’, ‘coeff’: {‘real’: -0.33562957575267038, ‘imag’: 0.0}}, {‘label’: ‘ZIII’, ‘coeff’: {‘real’: 0.28220597164664896, ‘imag’: 0.0}}, … ] } :param dictionary: dictionary, which contains a list of Paulis and coefficients. :type dictionary: dict :param before_04: support the format < 0.4. :type before_04: bool
Returns: the loaded operator. Return type: Operator
-
static
load_from_file
(file_name, before_04=False)¶ Load paulis in a file to construct an Operator.
Parameters: - file_name (str) – path to the file, which contains a list of Paulis and coefficients.
- before_04 (bool) – support the format < 0.4.
Returns: the loaded operator.
Return type: Operator class
-
matrix
¶ Getter of matrix; if matrix is diagonal, diagonal matrix is returned instead.
-
num_qubits
¶ number of qubits required for the operator.
Returns: number of qubits Return type: int
-
paulis
¶ Getter of Pauli list.
-
print_operators
(print_format='paulis')¶ Print out the paulis in the selected representation.
Parameters: print_format (str) – “paulis”, “grouped_paulis”, “matrix” Returns: a formated operator. Return type: str Raises: ValueError
– if print_format is not supported.
-
static
qubit_tapering
(operator, cliffords, sq_list, tapering_values)¶ Builds an Operator which has a number of qubits tapered off, based on a block-diagonal Operator built using a list of cliffords. The block-diagonal subspace is an input parameter, set through the list tapering_values, which takes values +/- 1.
Parameters: - operator (Operator) – the target operator to be tapered
- cliffords ([Operator]) – list of unitary Clifford transformation
- sq_list ([int]) – position of the single-qubit operators that anticommute
- the cliffords (with) –
- tapering_values ([int]) – array of +/- 1 used to select the subspace. Length
- to be equal to the length of cliffords and sq_list (has) –
Returns: the tapered operator, or empty operator if the operator is empty.
Return type:
-
reorder_paulis
(grouping=None)¶ Reorder the pauli terms according to the specified grouping.
Parameters: grouping (str) – The name of the grouping, currently supports ‘random’ and ‘default’. ‘random’ corresponds to the order of Operator.paulis; ‘default’ corresponds to the grouping as specified by Operator.grouped_paulis Returns: The list of pauli terms as ordered per the specified grouping Return type: list
-
representations
¶ Return the available represnetations in the Operator.
Returns: available representations ([str]) Return type: list
-
static
row_echelon_F2
(matrix_in)¶ Computes the row Echelon form of a binary matrix on the binary finite field
Parameters: matrix_in (numpy.ndarray) – binary matrix Returns: matrix_in in Echelon row form Return type: numpy.ndarray
-
save_to_dict
()¶ Save operator to a dict in pauli represnetation.
Returns: a dictionary contains an operator with pauli representation. Return type: dict
-
save_to_file
(file_name)¶ Save operator to a file in pauli representation.
Parameters: file_name (str) – path to the file
-
scaling_coeff
(scaling_factor)¶ Constant scale the coefficient in an operator.
Note that: the behavior of scaling in paulis (grouped_paulis) might be different from matrix
Parameters: scaling_factor (float) – the sacling factor
-
to_grouped_paulis
()¶
-
to_matrix
()¶
-
to_paulis
()¶
-
two_qubit_reduced_operator
(m, threshold=1e-13)¶ Eliminates the central and last qubit in a list of Pauli that has diagonal operators (Z,I) at those positions
Chemistry specific method: It can be used to taper two qubits in parity and binary-tree mapped fermionic Hamiltonians when the spin orbitals are ordered in two spin sectors, (block spin order) according to the number of particles in the system.
Parameters: - m (int) – number of fermionic particles
- threshold (float) – threshold for Pauli simplification
Returns: a new operator whose qubit number is reduced by 2.
Return type:
-
zeros_coeff_elimination
()¶ Elinminate paulis or grouped paulis whose coefficients are zeros.
The difference from _simplify_paulis method is that, this method will not remove duplicated paulis.
-
-
class
QuantumAlgorithm
¶ Bases:
qiskit_aqua.pluggable.Pluggable
-
SECTION_KEY_ALGORITHM
= 'algorithm'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_FEATURE_MAP
= 'feature_map'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_INITIAL_STATE
= 'initial_state'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_IQFT
= 'iqft'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_MULTICLASS_EXTENSION
= 'multiclass_extension'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_OPTIMIZER
= 'optimizer'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_ORACLE
= 'oracle'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_UNCERTAINTY_MODEL
= 'uncertainty_model'¶ Base class for Algorithms.
This method should initialize the module and its configuration, and use an exception if a component of the module is available.
Parameters: configuration (dict) – configuration dictionary
-
SECTION_KEY_UNCERTAINTY_PROBLEM
= 'uncertainty_problem'¶
-
SECTION_KEY_VAR_FORM
= 'variational_form'¶
-
quantum_instance
¶
-
random
¶ Return a numpy random.
-
random_seed
¶ Return random seed.
-
run
(quantum_instance=None, **kwargs)¶ Execute the algorithm with selected backend.
Parameters: quantum_instance (QuantumInstance or BaseBackend) – the experiemental setting. Returns: results of an algorithm. Return type: dict
-
-
class
PluggableType
¶ Bases:
enum.Enum
An enumeration.
-
ALGORITHM
= 'algorithm'¶
-
FEATURE_MAP
= 'feature_map'¶
-
INITIAL_STATE
= 'initial_state'¶
-
INPUT
= 'input'¶
-
IQFT
= 'iqft'¶
-
MULTICLASS_EXTENSION
= 'multiclass_extension'¶
-
OPTIMIZER
= 'optimizer'¶
-
ORACLE
= 'oracle'¶
-
UNCERTAINTY_MODEL
= 'uncertainty_model'¶
-
UNCERTAINTY_PROBLEM
= 'uncertainty_problem'¶
-
VARIATIONAL_FORM
= 'variational_form'¶
-
-
refresh_pluggables
()¶ Attempts to rediscover all pluggable modules
-
class
QuantumInstance
(backend, shots=1024, max_credits=10, seed=None, initial_layout=None, pass_manager=None, seed_mapper=None, memory=False, backend_options=None, noise_model=None, timeout=None, wait=5)¶ Bases:
object
Quantum Backend including execution setting.
-
BACKEND_CONFIG
= ['basis_gates', 'coupling_map']¶
-
BACKEND_OPTIONS
= ['initial_statevector', 'chop_threshold', 'max_parallel_threads', 'max_parallel_experiments', 'statevector_parallel_threshold', 'statevector_hpc_gate_opt', 'statevector_sample_measure_opt', 'max_parallel_shots']¶
-
BACKEND_OPTIONS_QASM_ONLY
= ['statevector_sample_measure_opt', 'max_parallel_shots']¶
-
COMPILE_CONFIG
= ['pass_manager', 'initial_layout', 'seed_mapper', 'qobj_id']¶
-
NOISE_CONFIG
= ['noise_model']¶
-
QJOB_CONFIG
= ['timeout', 'wait']¶
-
RUN_CONFIG
= ['shots', 'max_credits', 'memory', 'seed']¶
-
backend
¶ Return BaseBackend backend object.
-
backend_config
¶ Getter of backend_config.
-
backend_name
¶ Return backend name.
-
backend_options
¶ Getter of backend_options.
-
circuit_summary
¶
-
compile_config
¶ Getter of compile_config.
-
execute
(circuits)¶ A wrapper to interface with quantum backend.
Parameters: circuits (QuantumCircuit or list[QuantumCircuit]) – circuits to execute Returns: Result object Return type: Result
-
is_local
¶ Return True if backend is a local backend.
-
static
is_local_backend
(backend)¶ Return True if backend is a local backend.
Parameters: backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance Returns: True is a local backend Return type: Result (Boolean)
-
is_simulator
¶ Return True if backend is a simulator.
-
static
is_simulator_backend
(backend)¶ Return True if backend is a simulator.
Parameters: backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance Returns: True is a simulator Return type: Result (Boolean)
-
is_statevector
¶ Return True if backend is a statevector-type simulator.
-
static
is_statevector_backend
(backend)¶ Return True if backend object is statevector.
Parameters: backend (BaseBackend) – backend instance Returns: True is statevector Return type: Result (Boolean)
-
noise_config
¶ Getter of noise_config.
-
qjob_config
¶ Getter of qjob_config.
-
run_config
¶ Getter of run_config.
-
set_config
(**kwargs)¶ Set configurations for the quantum instance.
Getter of shared_circuits.
-
-
get_aer_backend
(backend_name)¶
-
get_backends_from_provider
(provider_name)¶ Backends access method :param provider_name: Fullname of provider instance global property or class :type provider_name: str
Returns: backend names Return type: list Raises: ImportError
– Invalid provider name or failed to find provider
-
get_backend_from_provider
(provider_name, backend_name)¶ Backend access method :param provider_name: Fullname of provider instance global property or class :type provider_name: str :param backend_name: name of backend for tgis provider :type backend_name: str
Returns: backend object Return type: object Raises: ImportError
– Invalid provider name or failed to find provider
-
get_local_providers
()¶
-
register_ibmq_and_get_known_providers
()¶ Gets known local providers and registers IBMQ
-
get_provider_from_backend
(backend_name)¶ Attempts to find a known provider that provides this backend :param backend_name: name of backend for tgis provider :type backend_name: str
Returns: provider name Return type: str Raises: ImportError
– Failed to find provider
-
enable_ibmq_account
(url, token, proxies)¶ Enable IBMQ account, if not alreay enabled
-
disable_ibmq_account
(url, token, proxies)¶ Disable IBMQ account
-
local_pluggables_types
()¶ Accesses all pluggable types :returns: pluggable types :rtype: types
-
local_pluggables
(pluggable_type)¶ Accesses pluggable names :param pluggable_type: The pluggable type :type pluggable_type: PluggableType or str
Returns: pluggable names Return type: names Raises: AquaError
– if the tyoe is not registered
-
get_pluggable_class
(pluggable_type, pluggable_name)¶ Accesses pluggable class :param pluggable_type: The pluggable type :type pluggable_type: PluggableType or str :param pluggable_name: The pluggable name :type pluggable_name: str
Returns: pluggable class Return type: cls Raises: AquaError
– if the class is not registered
-
get_pluggable_configuration
(pluggable_type, pluggable_name)¶ Accesses pluggable configuration :param pluggable_type: The pluggable type :type pluggable_type: PluggableType or str :param pluggable_name: The pluggable name :type pluggable_name: str
Returns: pluggable configuration Return type: configuration Raises: AquaError
– if the class is not registered
-
register_pluggable
(cls)¶ Registers a pluggable class :param cls: Pluggable class. :type cls: object
- Returns:
- name: pluggable name
-
deregister_pluggable
(pluggable_type, pluggable_name)¶ Deregisters a pluggable class :param pluggable_type: The pluggable type :type pluggable_type: PluggableType :param pluggable_name: The pluggable name :type pluggable_name: str
Raises: AquaError
– if the class is not registered
-
run_algorithm
(params, algo_input=None, json_output=False, backend=None)¶ Run algorithm as named in params, using params and algo_input as input data and returning a result dictionary
Parameters: - params (dict) – Dictionary of params for algo and dependent objects
- algo_input (AlgorithmInput) – Main input data for algorithm. Optional, an algo may run entirely from params
- json_output (bool) – False for regular python dictionary return, True for json conversion
- backend (BaseBackend) – Backend object to be used in place of backend name
Returns: Result dictionary containing result of algorithm computation
-
run_algorithm_to_json
(params, algo_input=None, jsonfile='algorithm.json')¶ Run algorithm as named in params, using params and algo_input as input data and save the combined input as a json file. This json is self-contained and can later be used as a basis to call run_algorithm
Parameters: - params (dict) – Dictionary of params for algo and dependent objects
- algo_input (AlgorithmInput) – Main input data for algorithm. Optional, an algo may run entirely from params
- jsonfile (str) – Name of file in which json should be saved
Returns: Result dictionary containing the jsonfile name
-
get_logging_level
()¶ get level for the named logger.
-
build_logging_config
(level)¶ - Creates a the configuration dict of the named loggers using the default SDK configuration provided by _ALGO_LOGGING_CONFIG:
- console logging using a custom format for levels != level parameter.
- console logging with simple format for level parameter.
- set logger level to level parameter.
-
set_logging_config
(logging_config)¶ Update logger configurations using a SDK default one.
Warning
This function modifies the configuration of the standard logging system for the loggers, and might interfere with custom logger configurations.
-
get_aqua_logging
()¶ Returns the current Aqua logging level
Returns: logging level
-
set_aqua_logging
(level)¶ Updates the Aqua logging with the appropriate logging level
Parameters: level (number) – logging level
Subpackages¶
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.adaptive package
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.cplex package
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.exacteigensolver package
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm._rbf_svc_estimator module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm._svm_classical_abc module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm._svm_classical_binary module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm._svm_classical_multiclass module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.classical.svm.svm_classical module
- Submodules
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.eoh package
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm._qsvm_kernel_abc module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm._qsvm_kernel_binary module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm._qsvm_kernel_estimator module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm._qsvm_kernel_multiclass module
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.many_sample.qsvm.qsvm_kernel module
- Submodules
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.algorithms.single_sample package
- Submodules
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.components package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.data_mapping module
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.feature_map module
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.first_order_expansion module
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.pauli_expansion module
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.pauli_z_expansion module
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps.second_order_expansion module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.initial_states package
- qiskit_aqua.components.iqfts package
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions.allpairs module
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions.error_correcting_code module
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions.estimator module
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions.multiclass_extension module
- qiskit_aqua.components.multiclass_extensions.one_against_rest module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts._nloptimizer module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts.crs module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts.direct_l module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts.direct_l_rand module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts.esch module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts.isres module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nlopts package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.cg module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.cobyla module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.l_bfgs_b module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.nelder_mead module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.optimizer module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.p_bfgs module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.powell module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.slsqp module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.spsa module
- qiskit_aqua.components.optimizers.tnc module
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.components.oracles package
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.bernoulli_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.log_normal_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.multivariate_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.multivariate_normal_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.multivariate_uniform_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.normal_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.random_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.uniform_distribution module
- qiskit_aqua.components.random_distributions.univariate_distribution module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems.european_call_delta module
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems.european_call_expected_value module
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems.fixed_income_expected_value module
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems.fixed_value_comparator module
- qiskit_aqua.components.uncertainty_problems.uncertainty_problem module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.components.variational_forms package
- qiskit_aqua.components.feature_maps package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.input package
- qiskit_aqua.parser package
- qiskit_aqua.translators package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.clique module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.exactcover module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.graphpartition module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.maxcut module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.partition module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.portfolio module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.setpacking module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.stableset module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.tsp module
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising.vertexcover module
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.translators.ising package
- Subpackages
- qiskit_aqua.utils package
- Submodules
- qiskit_aqua.utils.backend_utils module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.circuit_factory module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.circuit_utils module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.cnx module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.controlledcircuit module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.dataset_helper module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.decimal_to_binary module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.entangler_map module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.jsonutils module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.pauligraph module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.qpsolver module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.random_matrix_generator module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.run_circuits module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.subsystem module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.summarize_circuits module
- qiskit_aqua.utils.tensorproduct module
- Submodules


Born and raised in Sacramento, California, I have always had a passion for spontaneous adventures (brownie points if it relates to food), hiking, and traveling. My favorite city most definitely have to be Hong Kong due to its convenient transportation, mesmerizing city lights, unlimited hiking trails, and, most importantly, scrumptious food. Having traveled to Hong Kong at least once a year since I was ten years old, I knew I wanted to experience living there some time in my life. Luckily, I was able to do so shortly after I completed my undergraduate studies in applied mathematics and economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 2016.
My three months post-graduation trip soon turned out to be an indefinite stay in Hong Kong as I landed my first job as a data analyst in August 2016 at a local FinTech startup. Asides from being able to explore many corners of Hong Kong and see this city in different angles, I was able to embark on 4AM dim sum trips and truly feel the culture and people. Even though I may leave this city anytime, I look forward to all the adventures to come.


Please click on the appropriate answer.
Do you have
web ID?
What is A Web ID?
A Web ID is a URL for you. It allows you to set up a public profile, with friends, pictures and all kinds of things.
It works like having an account on a social networking site, but it isn't restricted to just that site. It is very open because the information can connect to other people, organizations and projects and so on, without everyon having to join the same social networking site. All you need is some place on the web where you can save a file to. (More on the wiki)
What is your Web ID?
Ok, Let's make one. Would you like to use your real name, or make it anonymous?


1 write to _subscriber
System.Management.Automation (1)
engine\EventManager.cs (1)
2503
_subscriber
= subscriber;
1 reference to _subscriber
System.Management.Automation (1)
engine\EventManager.cs (1)
2523
_eventManager.UnsubscribeEvent(
_subscriber
);


# Copyright (c) IMToolkit Development Team
# This toolkit is released under the MIT License, see LICENSE.txt
import numpy as np
from .Modulator import Modulator
[docs]class ADSMCode(object):
"""Algebraic differential spatial modulation (ADSM), which was firstly proposed in [1] and was later extended in [2].
- [1] R. Rajashekar, N. Ishikawa, S. Sugiura, K. V. S. Hari, and L. Hanzo, ``Full-diversity dispersion matrices from algebraic field extensions for differential spatial modulation,'' IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 385--394, 2017.
- [2] R. Rajashekar, C. Xu, N. Ishikawa, S. Sugiura, K. V. S. Hari, and L. Hanzo, ``Algebraic differential spatial modulation is capable of approaching the performance of its coherent counterpart,'' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 4260--4273, 2017.
"""
def __init__(self, M, modtype, L):
"""
Args:
M (int): the number of transmit antennas.
modtype (string): the constellation type.
L (int): the constellation size.
"""
self.M = M
self.Nc = M * L
self.B = np.log2(self.Nc)
symbols = Modulator(modtype, L).symbols
u_phase = 2.0 * np.pi / L
A = np.zeros((M, M), dtype=np.complex)
A[0, M-1] = np.exp(1j * u_phase)
for m in range(M-1):
A[(m+1)%M, m] = 1
As = np.zeros((M, M, M), dtype=np.complex) # M \times M \times M
for m in range(M):
As[m] = np.linalg.matrix_power(A, m)
#print(As)
codestensor = np.kron(symbols, As) # M \times M \times M * L (=Nc)
self.codes = np.array(np.hsplit(np.hstack(codestensor), self.Nc)) # Nc \times M \times M
[docs] def putRate(self):
print("B / M = %d / %d = %d [bit/symbol]" % (self.B, self.M, self.B / self.M))


INSTRUCTIONS
- Install the Arduino IDE
- Plug the Arduino
- In the IDE go to
- Files
- Examples
- Firmata
- Standard Firmata
- Go to
- Tools
- Board: Choose the one you have (it should be there automatically)
- Port: choose it (should select it automatically as well)
- Press Verify (up and to the left)
- Then Upload (right next to Verify)
- And your Arduino is ready to rock with Johnny Five!
HARDWARE USED FOR DEVELOPMENT


My wife is putting together a simple gift for our niece. Lest I spoil a surprise, I’ll be vague about the specifics. It required some hexagons. We started, logically, with an octagon.
I approached this mathematically. Find the midpoint on one edge, work an equal distance out either side, then connect the dots. Bam.
Regular hexagon failure 1 flickr photo by bennettscience shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license
Wait…that didn’t work.
So, I moved to a circle that represented the diameter of the octagon pieces. Well, a circle was hard because I didn’t have a protractor to get the angles right. So, I moved to a rectangle with some right triangles taken out.
Regular hexagon failures 2 and 3 flickr photo by bennettscience shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license
Regular hexagon failure 4 flickr photo by bennettscience shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license
Well, with no protractor, it’s hard to draw a 120 degree angle. I could do a mean 45 with the quilting square, though.
Admitting defeat, I jumped to the Google and found a number of posts by searching, “draw regular hexagon.” The image searches were promising: one linked to a post from New Mexico State University which described how to draw a regular hexagon using a circle and a compass.
I went out to the garage and found a compass my grandfather probably had since before I was born that I snagged while cleaning out mom and dad’s garage last year. It sat contentedly in our garage until called upon, after which it performed wonderfully.
Compass for the win flickr photo by bennettscience shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license
This provided me a quick reminder on the mental dissonance between thinking I know how something should work and being able to describe how it actually works. The best thing is that the number of points on the circle is infinite, as long as the radius is known. The more points I draw, the closer I get to another circle. This blew my mind in Flatland, (apparently, there’s now a movie?) and it blew my mind again when I did Saturday afternoon.
We’re on our way to one sweet gift (all planned and executed by my talented wife).
Gift progress flickr photo by bennettscience shared under a Creative Commons (BY) license
Written on October 23rd , 2017 by Brian Bennett Categorized in: Creative
Leave a comment


Madelyn Driscoll
About Me
Contact
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Contact Me!
View my contact information below
_____________________________________
Primary form of contact is email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>LinkedIn
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class Train: Vehicle {
override func makeNoise() {
print("Choo Choo")
}
let train = Train()
train.makeNoise()
// Prints "Choo Choo"


H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
First Parapgrah,
google
Second Paragraph
List item1
List item2
Ordered list 1
Ordered List 2
Name
Email
Age
Chris
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>25
First Name
First Name
Gender
Male
Female
Other
Click Me
some text


Use Rich Text Editor for complex sections where you require WYSIWYG ("What You See Is What You Get") editor capabilities such as font style and formatting options, images, tables, lists, and more.
Select the Design tab for WYSIWYG styling using the Rich Text Editor toolbar.
Select the HTML tab for standard HTML editing — search is the only toolbar option available.


MOD.app Class
Defined in:
Module: MOD
src/app.js:1
The Application Engine
- This layer is responsible for handling starting all the modules according to the application configuration set in config.js
- The return object of this class has only one method, the run method which you call to start the app
For app return object documentation see the MOD.app.return class API
Item Index
Methods
Methods
run
()
None
public
The method responsible for starting the application, reads the MOD.config object and processes the response
MOD.app.run();
Returns:
None:
start_on_load
(
None
private
-
modules
Responsible for starting all modules in the config assigned to start on window load state
Parameters:
-
modules
Arraythe list of modules to start
Returns:
None:
start_on_ready
(
None
private
-
modules
Responsible for starting all modules in the config assigned to start on document ready state
Parameters:
-
modules
Arraythe list of modules to start
Returns:
None:


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut tempus lectus magna. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Your Yotpo link:
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--- layout: page title: Blog Archive --- {% for post in site.posts %}
Published on {{ post.date | date: "%B %d, %Y" }}
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On Campus
Online
Corporate Training
Listing comments
Date
Innovator
Challenge
Vote
Body
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Show
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Sequence of DNA composing a Repeat:Dropout:Repeat in the 5'->3' direction:
Natural sequence of the repeat region in the 5'->3' direction:
HELP TEXT
Desired number of CRISPR spacers in the final array.
Length of the CRISPR spacers in base pairs:
HELP TEXT
What is an acceptable number of matches between overhangs?
HELP TEXT
1
2
Specifying the assembly enzyme?
HELP TEXT
BsaI
BbsI
BsmBI
Would you like to specify the spacer sequences in order?
HELP TEXT
Yes
No
Specifying multiple spacer options for each array location?
HELP TEXT
Yes
No
Specifying whether to order primers or oligos?
HELP TEXT
PCRPrimers
Oligos
Specifying the prefix of names in the output?
For example, "Cpf1_"
Yes
No


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This is LaTeX: \LaTeX..
..and also this:$V=\frac{4 \pi r^3}{3}$
NOW it also passes: \[ \left( \begin{array}{ccc}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f \\
g & h & i \end{array} \right)\]
now you can even set id or class to refer to the latex picture when using CSS or jquery.
As you can see this picure \[ \left( \begin{array}{ccc}
L & A & T \\
E & X & E \\
T & A & L \end{array} \right)\] is vertically aligned to the text using CSS!


THE CREW (Touchstone) Starring: Richard Dreyfuss, Burt Reynolds, Dan Hedaya, Seymour Cassel, Carrie-Anne Moss, Jennifer Tilly, Lainie Kazan, Jeremy Piven. Screenplay: Barry Fanaro. Producers: Barry Sonnenfeld and Barry Josephson. Director: Michael Dinner.  Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
Some concepts are funny on paper, even if there's no way they could ever be classic comedies in reality. THE CREW has such a concept. Is it funny envisioning a quartet of aging mob tough guys trying to regain their swagger in their sunset years? Sure it is. There have been other comedies about seniors turning to a life of crime rather than going gentle into that good night, like the 1979 George Burns/Art Carney/Lee Strassburg vehicle GOING IN STYLE, but a wiseguy twist sounds promising. It may not be chock-a-block with rapier-sharp witticisms, and there may be a prostate gag or two to wade through, but there should be a few laughs, right? There's only so much you can do to screw up a solid concept. Right?
In fact, THE CREW screws up its solid concept so badly, and in so many provocative variations, that it's practically a road map for misbegotten film-making. The four aging Mafiosi -- Bobby Bartellemeo (Richard Dreyfuss), Joey "Bats" Pistella (Burt Reynolds), Mike "The Brick" Donatelli (Dan Hedaya) and Tony "Mouth" Donato (Seymour Cassel) -- are residents of a Miami retirement hotel that's about to become the latest victim of South Beach gentrification.
Ah, the wacky complications that are possible with the inclusion of a pissed-off drug lord. And imagine how many more wacky complications are possible when you include a sub-plot involving a Miami detective (Carrie-Anne Moss) trying to fend off the advances of her colleague and philandering ex-boyfriend (Jeremy Piven).  Can you feel your sides splitting at the crazy goofy hilarity? And can you feel a tear trickling down your cheek because Bobby is really a sensitive guy, searching high and low for the daughter he hasn't seen in 30 years?
The reason THE CREW stinks -- or at least the main reason -- is that it's not about what it's about. A movie about geriatric mobsters could be funny. You could have them interact with their modern counterparts to show them how it's done old school, like a Scorsese version of SPACE COWBOYS, or focus on what kind of rackets they could run in their senior-heavy milieu. There's good character stuff there, too -- what happens when you're left to fossilize after once being part of a culture of macho action?
But THE CREW isn't about any of that. It isn't about anything, really, because there's so much garbage thrown into 88 minutes of script that it never develops anything remotely resembling comic momentum. The personalities of the four principles are inanely simplistic, leaving the actors to overact madly in compensation (Reynolds in particular is wretched beyond all description). Director Michael Dinner, meanwhile, over-directs madly in compensation, operating under the delusion that you can somehow make a terrible script funny by filming everyone in fish-eye close-up. Even the editing chops gags into such minute shreds that set-ups are separated from their punch lines. Something this fundamentally incompetent should carry a government warning sticker.
There are exactly two moments in THE CREW when the experience of watching it is remotely tolerable. One involves a silly homage to GOODFELLAS, with our protagonists strutting through the kitchen of a buffet restaurant after paying off a busboy. The other involves Sandoval's drug lord growing frustrated at dealing with his incompetent underlings. For the other 84 minutes, THE CREW isn't simply unfunny; it's a test of an audience's good will, practically an exercise in making every wrong narrative, performance or technical choice possible. It's a good pitch turned into a terrible script turned into a godawful film. Actual humor from a solid concept? Fuggeddaboutit.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 badfellas: 1.
Visit Scott Renshaw's Screening Room http://www.inconnect.com/~renshaw/ *** Subscribe to receive new reviews directly by email! See the Screening Room for details, or reply to this message with subject "Subscribe".
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Hello World, I am John Henderson.
Blog Section:
An h1 header Paragraphs are separated by a blank line....
Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as...


The Deposit Contract Address is displayed in the User Dashboard to your potential purchases once they are KYC approved. From this section you are able to update the Deposit Contract Address.
Whitelisting Contract Address
The Whitelisting Contract Address is the Smart Contract where the Ethereum Address of your KYC Approved potential purchases are whitelisted. It can be the same or different from the Deposit Contract Address based on the details of your ICO. From this section, you can update your Whitelisting Contract Address.
The Ethereum addresses of the KYC Approved potential purchases are Whitelisted through a VOA (Verified Operator Address) which calls a function in your ICO Whitelisting Contract Address. Please refer to our documentation here for the proper setup and testing of the Whitelisting functionality.
The {{context['fieldName']}} has been successfully updated.


Shad Campbell
@shadcampbell
Melinda Campbell
We create data and applications
We use them internally (and externally)
GIS data for download
ESRI ArcGIS REST API
Dial API
Python script samples for automated downloads


Vision Pre-Installation: Web Server Information
Topics Covered
Vision Applications are delivered to users via a Web-based browser
running on an internal intranet.
- Web documents provided in the installation are HTML version 3.2 compliant. Components utilized include HTML Forms,
HTML Tables, and Java Applets.
- The CGI application provided in the installation is
CGI version 1.1 compliant.
- Known Web servers that have hosted these components in the past include:
NCSA HTTPd server
Microsoft Peer-Web-Services 2.0 & 3.0
Microsoft IIS 2.0 & 3.0
Oracle Web Server
Netscape SuiteSpot 3.5 Web Server
- Any Web browser capable of HTML 3.2 should be compatible with the
supplied applications and documents including:
Netscape Navigator 3.1 & 4.0 and Microsoft Explorer 3.x & 4.0.
- Some applications utilize Java class libraries from Visual Mining Inc.
Prior to the applet running in your browser window you will receive a
reminder to purchase the NetCharts server license. The license can be
obtained from Visual Mining.
The installation of the Vision Web Components requires some administrative tasks
to be completed on the Web Server such as; Configuration of new directory aliases, and Modification of Server Environment Variables. Familiarity with the Web Server's Administration
process is required.
There are many different Web servers available, each having special
setup requirements. The following summarizes the issues that have
arisen with different Web servers:
Microsoft Peer-Web-Services 2.0 & 3.0
- The cgi-bin directory is not created automatically.
It should be created and configured to be accessible from the root of the
web server (i.e., http://www.mycompany.com/cgi-bin/).
Netscape SuiteSpot 3.5 Web Server
- The cgi-bin directory is not created automatically.
It should be created and configured to be accessible from the root of the
web server (i.e., http://www.mycompany.com/cgi-bin/).
|
- The environment variable VQueryConfig will need to be added to the obj.conf file.
|
- The following example shows an obj.conf file after the Vision Web components have been placed on the Web Server.
|
# Netscape Communications Corporation - obj.conf
# You can edit this file, but comments and formatting changes
# might be lost when the admin server makes changes.
# Use only forward slashes in pathnames--backslashes can cause
# problems. See the documentation for more information.
Init fn="flex-init"
access="C:/Netscape/SuiteSpot/https-visionWeb/logs/access"
format.access="%Ses->client.ip% - %Req->vars.auth-user% [%SYSDATE%]
\"%Req->reqpb.clf-request%\" %Req->srvhdrs.clf-status%
%Req->srvhdrs.content-length%"
Init fn="load-types" mime-types="mime.types"
Init fn="load-modules"
shlib="C:/Netscape/SuiteSpot/plugins/content_mgr/bin/content_mgr.dll"
...
VQueryConfig="c:/netscape/suitespot/vision/cgi-misc/vquery.cfg"
Object name="default"
NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/ns-icons"
dir="C:/Netscape/SuiteSpot/ns-icons"
NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/mc-icons"
dir="C:/Netscape/SuiteSpot/ns-icons"
NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/cgi-bin"
dir="C:/Netscape/SuiteSpot/VISION/cgi-misc" name="cgi"
NameTrans fn="pfx2dir" from="/vision" dir="c:/netscape/suitespot/vision"
...
| Copyright © 2000 Innovative Systems Techniques, Inc.
| Updated July 5, 2000
|


Dropular
Dropular is a micro-blogging service which makes it possible for members to save and collect their favorite images found from various sources online. Dropular is currently an invite only service and mostly designed for fashion designers, photographers, architects, graphic designers and artists.
Copyright infringement notification
We make no claim to hold any copyright to the images posted on Dropular. All of the content on this site (including graphics, sounds, videos and other files) copyright their respective owners.
Original source of each item can be found next to each and every "drop".
Our goal is to promote great content and link back to the original source. If you are the owner of an item on Dropular and do not wish to have it promoted on Dropular.net, we will simply remove the item if you provide the proper details and information asked below.
To file a copyright infringement notification with us, please send an email containing the following requirements:
- 1. The complete URL on Dropular to the item
http://dropular.net/#drops/DROP-ID
- 2. Information about the original copyrighted work, including the full name of the person / company / party holding the copyright.
- 3. Your full name used as guarantor that the above is accurate and not deceptive or false.
Contact
dropular (at) gmail (dot) com
Dropular bookmarklet (Droplet)
Resources


You can find more about this project on GitHub.
More examples: main | bench | stream | command | talk |
Select the model you would like to use, click the "Start" button and start speaking
Whisper model:
Quantized models:
Quantized models:
Status: not started
[The transcribed text will be displayed here]
Debug output:
Troubleshooting
The page does some heavy computations, so make sure:
- To use a modern web browser (e.g. Chrome, Firefox)
- To use a fast desktop or laptop computer (i.e. not a mobile phone)
- Your browser supports WASM Fixed-width SIMD
|
Build time: @GIT_SHA1@ |
Commit subject: |
Source Code |
|
Commit hash:


Susan Granger's review of "JURASSIC PARK III" (Universal Pictures)
This third installment continues the story of a paleontologist, Dr. Alan Grant (Sam Neill) who, eight years ago, accepted an invitation from InGen industrialist John Hammond to preview a new tourist attraction featuring genetically engineered dinosaurs on an island near Costa Rica. After barely escaping from that nightmare, he vowed never to return - but he didn't count on his research money becoming extinct. So when a wealthy adventurer (William H. Macy) and his ex-wife (Tea Leoni) offer to fund his new theory on Velociraptor intelligence if he will accompany them on an aerial tour of Isla Sorna, a new InGen site that has become both a dinosaur breeding ground and a magnet for thrill-seekers, he agrees to go, bringing his gung-ho protégé (Alessandro Nivola). But when their plane unexpectedly lands, he discovers that the couple's 14 year-old son (Trevor Morgan) is lost in the dense jungle in a para-gliding accident. Meanwhile, they must fight for survival while under attack by rampaging reptiles, particularly the massive, menacing Spinosaurus that briefly battles with a Tyrannosaurus Rex, the flock of flying Pteranodons and, of course, the wily Velociraptors. Dr. Grant's still a crusty curmudgeon but the brutal behemoths are the stars and that's reflected in the direction by Joe Johnston, who first collaborated with Steven Spielberg on "Raiders of the Lost Ark," and screenplay by Peter Buchman, Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor, based on Michael Crichton's characters. While this is a predictable, by-the-numbers film with a ridiculous climax, CGI fans will relish the 140 visual effects, as compared with 54 in the original and 78 in "The Lost World." On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "Jurassic Park III" is a scaly, scary 6. It's formulaic but fun, a third-generation thrill-ride.
========== X-RAMR-ID: 28839 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 236434 X-RT-TitleID: 1108705 X-RT-SourceID: 742 X-RT-AuthorID: 1274 X-RT-RatingText: 6/10
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Using her pandemic layoff to follow her dreams of coding and creating


FTP(1) BSD General Commands Manual FTP(1) NAME ftp — Internet file transfer program SYNOPSIS ftp [-46pinegvd] [host [port]] pftp [-46inegvd] [host [port]] DESCRIPTION Ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter‐ preter. -4 Use only IPv4 to contact any host. -6 Use IPv6 only. -p Use passive mode for data transfers. Allows use of ftp in environ‐ ments where a firewall prevents connections from the outside world back to the client machine. Requires that the ftp server support the PASV command. This is the default if invoked as pftp. -i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers. -n Restrains ftp from attempting “auto-login” upon initial connection. If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc (see netrc(5)) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login. -e Disables command editing and history support, if it was compiled into the ftp executable. Otherwise, does nothing. -g Disables file name globbing. -v Verbose option forces ftp to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics. -d Enables debugging. The client host and an optional port number with which ftp is to communi‐ cate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, ftp will imme‐ diately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user the prompt ‘ftp>’ is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by ftp: ! [command [args]] Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. $ macro-name [args] Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. account [passwd] Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully com‐ pleted. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. append local-file [remote-file] Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure. ascii Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type. bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed. binary Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer. bye Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget com‐ mands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. cd remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory. cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. chmod mode file-name Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the remote sytem to mode. close Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line‐ feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off. qc Toggle the printing of control characters in the output of ASCII type commands. When this is turned on, control charac‐ ters are replaced with a question mark if the output file is the standard output. This is the default when the standard output is a tty. delete remote-file Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine. debug [debug-value] Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string ‘-->’ dir [remote-directory] [local-file] Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is speci‐ fied, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is -, out‐ put comes to the terminal. disconnect A synonym for close. form format Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is “file”. get remote-file [local-file] Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the cur‐ rent case, ntrans, and nmap settings. The current settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file. glob Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput. If glob‐ bing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be differ‐ ent from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing ‘mls remote-files -’ Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode). hash Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block trans‐ ferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes. help [command] Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands. idle [seconds] Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds sec‐ onds. If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. ipany Allow the address resolver to return any address family. ipv4 Restrict the address resolver to look only for IPv4 addresses. ipv6 Restrict host adressing to IPv6 only. lcd [directory] Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used. ls [remote-directory] [local-file] Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX sys‐ tems will produce output from the command ‘ls -l’. (See also nlist.) If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ls output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is ‘-’, the output is sent to the terminal. macdef macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total char‐ acters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'. mdelete [remote-files] Delete the remote-files on the remote machine. mdir remote-files local-file Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output. mget remote-files Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be pro‐ cessed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with ‘lcd directory’; new local directories can be cre‐ ated with ‘! mkdir directory’. mkdir directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. mls remote-files local-file Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output. mode [mode-name] Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default mode is “stream” mode. modtime file-name Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine. mput local-files Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting list. See glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings. newer file-name [local-file] Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer. Otherwise, this command is identical to get. nlist [remote-directory] [local-file] Print a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is -, the output is sent to the terminal. nmap [inpattern outpattern] Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern. [Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap [inpattern] variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence ‘[seq1, seq2]’ is replaced by [seq1] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2. For example, the command nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input file‐ names "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1' . Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$','[','[', and `,' characters. ntrans [inchars [outchars]] Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corre‐ sponding character in outchars. If the character's position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name. open host [port] Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below). prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and any mdelete will delete all files. proxy ftp-command Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote ftp servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open, to establish the sec‐ ondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands executable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro definitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files from the host on the secondary con‐ trol connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp pro‐ tocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control con‐ nection. put local-file [remote-file] Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure. pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. quit A synonym for bye. quote arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. recv remote-file [local-file] A synonym for get. reget remote-file [local-file] Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par‐ tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is con‐ tinued from the apparent point of failure. If local-file does not exist ftp won't fetch the file. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. remotehelp [command-name] Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. remotestatus [file-name] With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine. rename [from] [to] Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to. reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server. restart marker Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. rmdir directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique file‐ names. If a file already exists with a name equal to the tar‐ get local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. send local-file [remote-file] A synonym for put. sendport Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incor‐ rectly, indicate they've been accepted. site arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command. size file-name Return size of file-name on remote machine. status Show the current status of ftp. struct [struct-name] Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. By default “stream” structure is used. sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol STOU com‐ mand for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines. trace Toggle packet tracing. type [type-name] Set the file transfer type to type-name. If no type is speci‐ fied, the current type is printed. The default type is network ASCII. umask [newmask] Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed. user user-name [password] [account] Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with “auto- login” disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server. verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. ? [command] A synonym for help. Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"' marks. ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accom‐ plished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, an ‘ftp>’ prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by the remote server, including viola‐ tions of the ftp protocol. If the delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp program must be killed by hand. FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to the following rules. 1. If the file name ‘-’ is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout (for writing) is used. 2. If the first character of the file name is ‘|’, the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. Ftp then forks a shell, using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; e.g. “" ls -lt"”. A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: “dir more”. 3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); c.f. the glob command. If the ftp command expects a single local file (.e.g. put), only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used. 4. For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if runique is on. 5. For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on. FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The type may be one of “ascii”, “image” (binary), “ebcdic”, and “local byte size” (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly). Ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for tenex mode transfers. Ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer param‐ eters: mode, form, and struct. ENVIRONMENT Ftp utilizes the following environment variables. HOME For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists. SHELL For default shell. SEE ALSO ftpd(8), netrc(5), RFC 959 HISTORY The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD. BUGS Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server. An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incorrect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type. Linux NetKit (0.17) August 15, 1999 Linux NetKit (0.17)


HTTP/1.0 400 Bad request
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html
400 Bad request
Your browser sent an invalid request.
root@676936e89f54:/etc/haproxy/errors# cat 403.http
HTTP/1.0 403 Forbidden
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html
403 Forbidden
Request forbidden by administrative rules.


Adapters for converting between the primitive and object based versions of the collections framework.
Also see the {@link org.apache.commons.collections.primitives}, {@link java.util} and {@link org.apache.commons.collections} packages.


Good Vibes, Living Water, 2012
Video installation, Smokemachine, theatre lights. Video projection: Single Channel, HD, sound, 3:08 min. Installation view and film stills.
Collaboration with Freija van Dijk.
info
The site-specific exhibition ‘Good Vibes, Living Water’ opens with the fall of the evening in the glass pavilion of the Gerrit Rietveld Academy. The floor is covered with a 20 centimetres high pool that was build in the space for this occasion. Two coloured theatre lamps and the projection of the film Cherry Poppin’ Mouth Wash, on the only brick wall of the space, light up the foggy glass pavilion.
The film ‘Cherry Poppin’ Mouth Wash’ shows an abstract narrative whilst using familiar visual imagery that is common to film language. The sculptures in the film become props when the actors activate them. With dramatic gestures and the atmospheric ambiance they become a stage for a possible tragedy.
During the opening visitors could enter the pool to take a cold beverage.


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