class: center, middle # MRS, RMRS, DMRS, and # the pyDelphin library --- # Agenda 1. [Minimal Recursion Semantics](#mrstop) 1. Semantic Representations and Scoping 2. MRS 3. RMRS 4. DMRS 5. EDs 2. [pyDelphin](#pydelphin) 1. Installation and Requirements 2. Working with [incr tsdb()] Profiles 3. Serializing/Deserializing 4. Working with the \*MRS Library 3. [Applications](#applications) 1. Format Conversion 2. Feature Extraction ??? Give overview: * motivations * existing tools * goals of pyDelphin --- name: mrstop class: center, middle # Minimal Recursion Semantics http://moin.delph-in.net/RmrsTop --- ## Semantic Representations and Scoping | | | | ----- | ----- | | Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS; Copestake et al., 2005) is a flat semantic representation that can be underspecified for quantifier scope.
"All moons orbit some planet." |
| * traditional scoped readings - ```∀x(moon(x) ^ ∃y(planet(y) ^ orbit(x,y)))``` - ```∃y(planet(y) ^ ∀x(moon(x) ^ orbit(x,y)))``` * MRS(-like) ambiguous scope - ``` h1:all(h2), h3:moon(x), h4:some(h5), h6:planet(y), h7:orbit(x, y), h2 qeq h3, h5 qeq h6 ``` ??? Not shown: body of quantifiers --- ## MRS, RMRS, and DMRS The MRS family includes three near-equivalent variations: * Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) * Robust Minimal Recursion Semantics (RMRS) * Dependency Minimal Recursion Semantics (DMRS) (to avoid confusion, I will hereafter refer to the greater formalism as *MRS) --- name: mrs ## MRS The original MRS (Copestake et al., 2005) has: * a top handle (and unofficially an index) * a bag of Elementary Predications (EPs) * a bag of Handle Constraints EPs have: * a predicate * a label * a characteristic variable * a (possibly empty) list of variable arguments * a (possibly empty) list of scopal arguments * (sometimes a constant argument) Handle Constraints have: * a Hi handle * a Lo handle * a relation between them (usually QEQ) --- name: rmrs ## RMRS Robust Minimal Recursion Semantics (RMRS; Copestake 2006) allows other kinds of underspecification, introduces anchors, and separates predicates from arguments. This makes the semantics look more like Neo-Davidsonian semantics, but instead of using an event variable to bind arguments, anchors are used. RMRS was created so that semantics could be generated from shallow methods (i.e. where a full representation could not be guaranteed). It was even billed as the successor to MRS that everyone should follow, so many functions in the LKB are based on RMRS, and wiki pages on the DELPH-IN website use RMRS in the URL. However, MRS remains the most popular representation. pyDelphin does not currently support RMRS (though it is planned), so I will not further cover RMRS at this time. --- name: dmrs ## DMRS Dependency Minimal Recursion Semantics (DMRS; Copestake 2009) fully removes variables and represents the structure more graphically (at least more obviously so). * EPs become **nodes** * Arguments become **links** * Links always connect two nodes, except for LTOP (which has the special nodeid of 0) * Links have a pre-slash argument name (sometimes optional) and a post-slash label to describe how the two nodes relate (obligatory) * Constant arguments are properties of nodes * Unexpressed arguments are not represented at all --- ## DMRS (2) As DMRS does not have variables, links must state how nodes relate to each other: * For links with argument names: - **ARG/NEQ** : the value of the source node's argument ARG is the characteristic variable of the target node, and the two nodes do not share a label - **ARG/EQ** : same as ARG/NEQ, but the two nodes share a label - **ARG/HEQ** : the value of the source node's argument ARG is the label of the target node - **ARG/H** : the value of the source node's argument ARG is a hole QEQ'd to the label of the target node * For links without argument names: - **/EQ** : the two nodes share a label, but are not arguments of each other (this is treated as an undirected link) - **/H** : only used for LTOP, and means that the LTOP handle is QEQ'd to the target node's label --- ## DMRS (3) DMRS differ from other dependency formalisms in that the direction of the links (i.e. arrows) go in the direction of the arguments of the \*MRS structure. Thus, instead of: `dog -> large` DMRS has: `large -> dog` because the "large" EP selects "dog" as its `ARG1`. Similarly, quantifiers select the quantifiees: `the -> dog` DMRS will be further exemplified in the demo of pyDelphin code. --- name: eds ## EDs Elementary Dependencies (EDs; Oepen and Lønning 2006) are another dependency-like representation. They can be broken down into triples, which make them useful as features for machine learning, but they are lossy---you cannot recreate a full MRS given only the EDs. I will not further describe EDs at this time. --- name: pydelphin class: center, middle # pyDelphin ### Python libraries for DELPH-IN resources http://github.com/goodmami/pydelphin --- name: install ## Installation and Requirements #### Install ```bash $ git clone https://github.com/goodmami/pydelphin.git $ cd pydelphin/ $ # NOTE: The following is optional and not really recommended. $ # Instead, consider using PYTHONPATH to find the package. $ ./setup.py install ``` #### Requirements * Python3 (http://python.org) #### Optional Packages * lxml (http://lxml.de; used for pretty-printing XML serializations) --- name: api ## pyDelphin API #### Documentation Some documentation is available (\*gasp!\*) at https://github.com/goodmami/pydelphin/wiki It is (of course) incomplete, but it's a good entry-point for the *MRS libraries. #### Available Packages | | | | | ------ | ------ | ------ | | `delphin.itsdb` |...| classes and methods for interacting with [incr tsdb()] profiles | | `delphin.codecs` | ... | serializers/deserializers of various formats | | `delphin.mrs` | ... | classes and methods for interacting with \*MRS objects | The naming scheme tries to follow the standard nomenclature when possible, with one main exception: `Xmrs` is the class that contains a \*MRS instance. --- name: itsdb ## Working with [incr tsdb()] profiles The `delphin.itsdb` package is used to examine [incr tsdb()] profiles, and has a limited capacity to write them. To inspect values in a profile: ```python3 >>> from delphin import itsdb >>> profile = itsdb.TsdbProfile('erg-mrs') >>> result_table = profile.get_table('result') >>> for row in result_table.rows(): ... print(row.get('mrs')) [ LTOP: h1 INDEX: e3 [ e SF: PROP TENSE: PAST MOOD: INDICATIVE PROG: -... *snip* ``` To write a profile with a new relations file (e.g. to refresh it for a new schema): ```python3 >>> profile = itsdb.TsdbProfile('old_profile') >>> profile.write_profile('new_profile', 'relations') ``` Currently this is all the module does. I'd be happy to hear feature suggestions. ??? ```python3 dir(profile) list(profile.relations.keys()) profile.relations['item'] profile.write_profile('new_profile', relations_file) ``` --- name: codecs ## Serialization/Deserialization Codecs exist for several *MRS formats: | | | | | ------ | ------ | ------ | | `delphin.codecs.simplemrs` | ... | the popular SimpleMRS format | | `delphin.codecs.mrx` | ... | the XML format for MRS | | `delphin.codecs.dmrx` | ... | the XML format for DMRS | * Codecs use Python's Pickle API (`load()`, `loads()`, `dump()`, `dumps()`), with some differing parameters. * The load/loads/dump/dumps functions read/write **iterables** of MRSs * Internal representations for all *MRS codecs are `Xmrs` objects --- ## Serialization/Deserialization * For example: ```python3 >>> from delphin.codecs import simplemrs >>> ms = simplemrs.loads('''[ LTOP: h0 INDEX: e2 [ e SF: prop ... TENSE: pres MOOD: indicative PROG: - PERF: - ] RELS: < [ ... "_rain_v_1_rel"<3:9> LBL: h1 ARG0: e2 ] > HCONS: < h0 ... qeq h1 > ]''') >>> print(simplemrs.dumps(ms, pretty_print=True)) [ LTOP: h0 INDEX: e2 [ e SF: prop TENSE: pres MOOD: indicative ... ] RELS: < [ "_rain_v_1_rel"<3:9> LBL: h1 ARG0: e2 ] > HCONS: < h0 qeq h1 > ] ``` * But what is this surprising behavior? ```python3 >>> ms = simplemrs.loads(...) # as before >>> len(ms) Traceback (most recent call last): File "
", line 1, in
TypeError: object of type 'generator' has no len() >>> print(len(list(ms))) 1 >>> print(len(list(ms))) # again 0 >>> # ??? ``` ??? load/loads returns a generator dump/dumps prints from an iterable (e.g. list or generator) Converting is easy (but covered in a later section): dmrx.dump(simplemrs.load('mrs_file')) --- ##
Python lists vs generators * Python has different kinds of iterables - Lists (and tuples, etc.) are fully instantiated in memory - Generators only get the **next** element ***as needed*** + Generators use much less memory + Generators can be created with `yield` statements or generator expressions * pyDelphin frequently uses generators, as in the codecs, so be aware ```python3 >>> w = [1, 2, 3] # list >>> x = [i for i in (1, 2, 3)] # list comprehension >>> y = (i for i in (1, 2, 3)) # generator expression >>> def infinity(): ... x = 1 ... while True: ... yield x ... x += 1 >>> z = infinity() >>> next(z) 1 >>> next(z) 2 ``` ??? lists: * can get the length of a list * can get indexed elements of a list generators: * have no random access (i.e. indexing) * cannot return the length (it could even be infinite) * can only be consumed once --- name: querying ## Working with the \*MRS Library The `delphin.mrs` library has many submodules: | | | | | ----- | ----- | ----- | | `xmrs` | ... | Most interesting stuff; \*MRS methods | | `mrs` | ... | Functions related to the original MRS | | `dmrs` | ... | Functions related to DMRS | | `lnk` | ... | `Lnk` class for tying semantics to the surface form | | `var` | ... | `MrsVariable` class and related | | `pred` | ... | `Pred` class and related | | `node` | ... | DMRS-style `Node` class | | `ep` | ... | MRS- and RMRS-style `ElementaryPredication` class | | `arg` | ... | MRS- and RMRS-style `Argument` class | | `link` | ... | DMRS-style `Link` class | | `hook` | ... | `Hook` class contains LTOP, INDEX, and XARG | | `hcons` | ... | `HandleConstraint` class and QEQ functions | --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (2) The `Xmrs` class is used for all \*MRS representations. An instantiated Xmrs object can be easily queried for substructures: ```python3 >>> ms = simplemrs.load('the-large-dog-whose-tail-wagged-barked.mrs') >>> m = next(ms) # ms is a generator, so get the first Xmrs from it >>> # note: in later slides, m refers to this object >>> >>> m.hook Hook(ltop=h0 index=e2 xarg=None) >>> >>> m.rels # same as m.eps [ElementaryPredication(_the_q_rel[x3]), ElementaryPredication("_large_a_1_rel"[e8]), ElementaryPredication("_dog_n_1_rel"[x3]), ElementaryPredication(def_explicit_q_rel[x10]), ElementaryPredication(poss_rel[e13]), ElementaryPredication("_tail_n_1_rel"[x10]), ElementaryPredication("_wag_v_1_rel"[e15]), ElementaryPredication("_bark_v_1_rel"[e2])] >>> >>> m.hcons [HandleConstraint(h0 qeq h1), HandleConstraint(h5 qeq h7), HandleConstraint(h11 qeq h14)] ``` --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (3) * The way things are stored internally in Xmrs objects shouldn't matter, as the API should be consistent * But knowing the following will be useful: - Xmrs uses Anchors (or NodeIDs, rather) to index (and thus retrieve) other objects. e.g. ```python3 >>> m.get_label(10000) MrsVariable(h1) ``` - The `ARG0` of EPs is also sometimes used as an index key, and pyDelphin refers to them as "characteristic variables" or "cvs" ```python3 >>> m.find_argument_head(some_cv) # labels are ok, too 10005 ``` - Labels are also used in certain operations (as above, and..) ```python3 >>> list(m.label_set_heads(some_label)) [10002, 10006] ``` --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (4) For convenience, other properties are available for commonly used objects: ```python3 >>> m.index # from m.hook.index MrsVariable(e2) >>> >>> m.anchors [MrsVariable(h10000), MrsVariable(h10001), MrsVariable(h10002), MrsVariable(h10003), MrsVariable(h10004), MrsVariable(h10005), MrsVariable(h10006), MrsVariable(h10007)] >>> >>> m.args # from the EPs' arguments [Argument(10000:ARG0:x3), Argument(10000:RSTR:h5), Argument(10000:BODY:h6), Argument(10001:ARG0:e8), Argument(10001:ARG1:x3), Argument(10002:ARG0:x3), Argument(10003:ARG0:x10), Argument(10003:RSTR:h11), Argument(10003:BODY:h12), Argument(10004:ARG0:e13), Argument(10004:ARG1:x10), Argument(10004:ARG2:x3), Argument(10005:ARG0:x10), Argument(10006:ARG0:e15), Argument(10006:ARG1:x10), Argument(10007:ARG0:e2), Argument(10007:ARG1:x3)] ``` --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (5) You can even get structures for other \*MRS formalisms: ```python3 >>> m.nodes [Node(10000[_the_q_rel]), Node(10001["_large_a_1_rel"]), Node(10002["_dog_n_1_rel"]), Node(10003[def_explicit_q_rel]), Node(10004[poss_rel]), Node(10005["_tail_n_1_rel"]), Node(10006["_wag_v_1_rel"]), Node(10007["_bark_v_1_rel"])] >>> >>> m.links [Link(0 -> 10007, None/H), Link(10000 -> 10002, RSTR/H), Link(10001 -> 10002, ARG1/EQ), Link(10003 -> 10005, RSTR/H), Link(10004 -> 10005, ARG1/NEQ), Link(10004 -> 10002, ARG2/EQ), Link(10006 -> 10005, ARG1/NEQ), Link(10007 -> 10002, ARG1/NEQ), Link(10001 -> 10006, None/EQ)] ``` --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (6) As another convenience, MrsVariables and Preds can compare to strings: ```python3 >>> MrsVariable(vid=1, sort='e') == 'e1' True >>> MrsVariable(vid=1, sort='e') == 'x1' False >>> >>> Pred.realpred(lemma='dog', pos='n', sense='1') == '_dog_n_1_rel' True >>> Pred.realpred(lemma='dog', pos='n', sense='1') == '_cat_n_1_rel' False >>> Pred.realpred(lemma='dog', pos='n', sense='1') == '_dog_n_2_rel' False ``` There are also some nice helper methods for finding things you want: ```python3 >>> m.select_eps(pred='_dog_n_1_rel') [ElementaryPredication("_dog_n_1_rel"[x3])] >>> m.select_eps(cv='x3') [ElementaryPredication(_the_q_rel[x3]), ElementaryPredication("_dog_n_1_rel"[x3])] >>> m.select_args(value='x3') [Argument(10000:ARG0:x3), Argument(10001:ARG1:x3), Argument(10002:ARG0:x3), Argument(10004:ARG2:x3), Argument(10007:ARG1:x3)] ``` ??? But... >>> Pred.realpred(lemma='dog', pos='n', sense='1') == '_dog_n_1' False Demonstrate other useful methods: m.find_argument_targets(arg) m.label_set_heads(label) m.find_scope_head(label) m.qeq_targets(handle) --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (7) MrsPath is an advanced query language similar to XPath for XML. In a future release I plan for MrsPath to be used for queries, but for now you can only generate the paths present in an Xmrs. These are useful as subgraphs of the Xmrs (e.g. for feature extraction). ```python3 >>> from delphin.mrs import path >>> for p in path.get_paths(m): ... print(p) ... _the_q _the_q:RSTR~ _the_q:RSTR~_dog_n_1 _large_a_1 _large_a_1:ARG1% _large_a_1:ARG1%_dog_n_1 _dog_n_1 *snip* poss(:ARG1/ & :ARG2%) poss(:ARG1/ & :ARG2%_dog_n_1) poss(:ARG1/_tail_n_1 & :ARG2%) poss(:ARG1/_tail_n_1 & :ARG2%_dog_n_1) *snip* _bark_v_1 _bark_v_1:ARG1/ _bark_v_1:ARG1/_dog_n_1 ``` --- ## Working with the \*MRS Library (7) You can create \*MRS objects programmatically, but manipulating an existing one is currently not well supported.This is because there are internal indices that must be updated when preds, arguments, variables, hcons, etc. are added. Support for these functions is forthcoming. You may, however, take the members of an existing Xmrs and use them to construct a new one: ```python3 >>> m Xmrs(the large dog def_explicit poss tail wag bark) >>> from delphin.mrs.xmrs import Xmrs >>> m2 = Xmrs(hook=m.hook, eps=m.select_eps(cv='x3'), lnk=m.lnk) >>> m2 Xmrs(the dog) ``` --- name: applications # Applications --- ## Format Conversion Converting between (supported) \*MRS formats is very easy: ```python3 >>> from delphin.codecs import simplemrs, dmrx >>> ms = simplemrs.load('the-large-dog-whose-tail-wagged-barked.mrs') >>> print(dmrx.dumps(ms, pretty_print=True)
...
H
ARG1
EQ
...
RSTR
H
... *snip*
``` In fact, I've made a top-level script to do this for you: ```bash $ python3 mrs.py convert --from simplemrs --to dmrx testsuite.mrs ``` --- ## Feature Extraction Given the query methods described above in the \*MRS API, feature extraction should be straightforward. You can also make more interesting features by composing the methods: ```python3 >>> m2 = next(simplemrs.load('the-dog-barks-and-arrives.mrs')) >>> for ep in m2.select_eps(pred='_and_c_rel'): ... lhs_nid = m2.find_argument_head(ep.arg_value('L-INDEX')) ... rhs_nid = m2.find_argument_head(ep.arg_value('R-INDEX')) ``` (remainder to be demoed) --- Thank you! --- # References * Copestake, Ann, Dan Flickinger, Carl Pollard, and Ivan A. Sag. "Minimal recursion semantics: An introduction." Research on Language and Computation 3, no. 2-3 (2005): 281-332. * Copestake, Ann. "Robust minimal recursion semantics." unpublished draft (2006). * Copestake, Ann. "Slacker semantics: why superficiality, dependency and avoidance of commitment can be the right way to go." In Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1-9. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. * Oepen, Stephan, and Jan Tore Lønning. "Discriminant-based MRS banking." In Proceedings of the 5th international conference on language resources and evaluation (lrec 2006). 2006.


--- layout: post title: Avon nailwear pro+ Midnight Plum tags: - Avon status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' _aioseop_keywords: Avon nailwear pro Midnight Plum review swatches _aioseop_title: Avon nailwear pro+ Midnight Plum review swatches _yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '0' _thumbnail_id: '4487' _yoast_wpseo_focuskw: '' _yoast_wpseo_title: '' _yoast_wpseo_metadesc: '' _yoast_wpseo_metakeywords: '' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv: none _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-include: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-prio: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_canonical: '' _yoast_wpseo_redirect: '' ---
Hope you guys are having a relaxed Sunday, I just crossed a few items on my list Phewww.....and it feels so good. Shopping can be such a headache....... seriously specially if its for appliances.
I started my day with Midnight plum, which is a new shade from Avon nail wear. I picked it up as a substitute for my Purple nail polish, which gave up on me and dried. This is such an intensely pigmented shade and only people of love wearing darker shades should give this a try.
Finally I tested the 10 days claim from Avon, regarding this new range. Honestly it doesn't last that long with all the torture of cleaning and unpacking I have been during around. 2-3 coats of this range alone will last around 4-5 days and then you can see the edges chipping off, but with a top coat it will definitely last a bit more long.
Do you love the same shade on your nails for more than a week ?


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SETRESUID
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (2)
Updated: 2014-06-13
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
setresuid, setresgid - set real, effective and saved user or group ID
SYNOPSIS
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
#include <unistd.h>
int setresuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid);
int setresgid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid, gid_t sgid);
DESCRIPTION
setresuid()
sets the real user ID, the effective user ID, and the
saved set-user-ID of the calling process.
Unprivileged user processes
may change the real UID,
effective UID, and saved set-user-ID, each to one of:
the current real UID, the current effective UID or the
current saved set-user-ID.
Privileged processes (on Linux, those having the CAP_SETUID capability)
may set the real UID, effective UID, and
saved set-user-ID to arbitrary values.
If one of the arguments equals -1, the corresponding value is not changed.
Regardless of what changes are made to the real UID, effective UID,
and saved set-user-ID, the filesystem UID is always set to the same
value as the (possibly new) effective UID.
Completely analogously,
setresgid()
sets the real GID, effective GID, and saved set-group-ID
of the calling process (and always modifies the filesystem GID
to be the same as the effective GID),
with the same restrictions for unprivileged processes.
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned.
On error, -1 is returned, and
errno
is set appropriately.
Note:
there are cases where
setresuid()
can fail even when the caller is UID 0;
it is a grave security error to omit checking for a failure return from
setresuid().
ERRORS
- EAGAIN
-
The call would change the caller's real UID (i.e.,
ruid
does not match the caller's real UID),
but there was a temporary failure allocating the
necessary kernel data structures.
- EAGAIN
-
ruid
does not match the caller's real UID and this call would
bring the number of processes belonging to the real user ID
ruid
over the caller's
RLIMIT_NPROC
resource limit.
Since Linux 3.1, this error case no longer occurs
(but robust applications should check for this error);
see the description of
EAGAIN
in
execve(2).
- EPERM
-
The calling process is not privileged (did not have the CAP_SETUID
capability) and tried to change the IDs to values that are not permitted.
VERSIONS
These calls are available under Linux since Linux 2.1.44.
CONFORMING TO
These calls are nonstandard;
they also appear on HP-UX and some of the BSDs.
NOTES
Under HP-UX and FreeBSD, the prototype is found in
<unistd.h>.
Under Linux, the prototype is provided by glibc since version 2.3.2.
The original Linux
setresuid()
and
setresgid()
system calls supported only 16-bit user and group IDs.
Subsequently, Linux 2.4 added
setresuid32()
and
setresgid32(),
supporting 32-bit IDs.
The glibc
setresuid()
and
setresgid()
wrapper functions transparently deal with the variations across kernel versions.
SEE ALSO
getresuid(2),
getuid(2),
setfsgid(2),
setfsuid(2),
setreuid(2),
setuid(2),
capabilities(7),
credentials(7)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ERRORS
-
- VERSIONS
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:54:48 GMT, September 18, 2014


Full Screen Pokemon is a free HTML5 remake of Nintendo's original Pokemon.
It includes the original two generations, a random map generator, a level editor, and over a dozen custom mods.
You may download the game for yourself from GitHub, the location of Full Screen Pokemon's open source project.
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Full Screen Pokemon was made possible first and foremost by Nintendo, who originally created Pokemon and has since maintained the series.
It would also not have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the Pokemon fan community over the past two decades, in particular Bulbapedia.
Pokemon and all associated games and media are property of Nintendo and/or Nintendo of America Inc., and are protected by United States and international copyright, trademark and other intellectual property laws.


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This section is designed so that we can all share useful links or any useful information to progress on our path to being better developers.
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Rippley
RARE
Drippy and dangerous.
Cameo
EPIC
Make your appearance.
Fusion
EPIC
Merged into one.
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>
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Verify


We have recently published a new set of prediction models trained on GTEx v8 data (as part of efforts detailed in this preprint. We have overhauled the model construction, incorporating posterior inclusion probabilities and global patterns of tissue sharing, while also benefiting from larger sample sizes. We cover both expression and alternate splicing mechanisms. We are very excited about these new models and the potential for new discoveries. However, these models require additional GWAS preprocessing in some public GWAS studies, which we describe here.
We are happy to announce the user-friendly tutorial and detailed documentation.
Our new recommended models use fine-mapped variants (as computed by DAP-G). These variants have a high probability of being causal for QTL. The model effect sizes are computed leveraging cross-tissue patterns with MASHR. These new models are parsimonious, efficient, available for more genes, and have many benefits like improved rate of colocalized associations.
However, the fine-mapped variants are often missing in older GWAS, lack an rsid, and GTEx v8 is defined on hg38 genome assembly. So, additional GWAS preprocessing may be required to fully exploit the new models. As most current GWAS are defined on older genome assemblies like hg19 or hg18, “harmonizing” variants between assemblies is required. Additionally, a particular GWAS’ genotyping platform and imputation techniques might have poor intersection with GTEx v8 variants, so that imputation of missing variants is recommended. We have implemented a rich set of tools, documented in the following.
For users interested in incorporating the latest GTEx v8 MASHR models, we provide:
0) GTEx v8 MASHR PrediXcan models and S-MultiXcan support in this link. (look for mashr_eqtl.tar, mashr_sqtl.tar, gtex_v8_expression_mashr_snp_smultixcan_covariance.txt.gz, gtex_v8_splicing_mashr_snp_smultixcan_covariance.txt.gz therein)
1) A “best practices” guide summarising harmonization and (summary statistics) imputation, with some S-PrediXcan performance analysis on GWAS from hg17, hg18, and hg19. Link here!
2) An in-depth tutorial showing all required steps to run S-PrediXcan and S-MultiXcan on a Coronary artery Disease GWAS defined on hg19. Tutorial here. Complete data sample here.
3) For users interested in individual-level PrediXcan, your input genotype files must now contain gtex ids instead of rsids. You should refer to the GTEx variant lookup table (from the GTEx portal: variant lookup) and map your variants appropriately. Feel free to use pre-computed mapping tables for different genome assemblies available in the tutorial from 2)
Finally, we also provide Elastic Net models trained on GTEx v8 data (link). These models are provided for compatibility reasons but are suboptimal.
We are hoping these new releases will prove useful in your research. Please let us know of any comments or improvements we can make in the documentation.
We are releasing prediction models trained on GTEx Version 7 data. Download from here. We have updated our processing pipeline, and restricted to individuals of European ancestry to obtain more reliable LD data. This reduces false positive associations in the Summary Version of PrediXcan. Because of this choice, the gain in sample size relative to V6p is modest (ranging from -18 to 89), with whole blood, LCLs and fibroblasts experiencing reduced sample size. We developed a new criteria to assess model performance. We have also decided to include prediction models for both pseudogenes and lincRNAs. For your convenience, we also include a SNP annotation file with information on the SNPs used to train the models.
While preparing GTEx V7 prediction models, we identified a few issues in the way prediction performance was estimated in the previous release (2016-09-08 release). In aggregate, these caused the prediction model performance to be overestimated. Reassuringly, predicted expression levels and the downstream associations with phenotypes remain mostly unchanged, even though prediction weights vary slightly. However, some gene/tissue pairs are no longer considered reliable.
Detailed description of the pipeline update and the effect in prediction models performance and downstream S-PrediXcan association can be found here .
We would appreciate comments to our mailing list<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We have recieved a number of inquiries from users about how to build their
own prediction models. All scripts to train the models are located in the
GitHub repository here . Note
that many of these scripts have to do with splitting up data and submitting
jobs to the University of Chicago's HPC cluster. The script for model training
is located at here
We hope this proves useful and gives some insight into how the models were built. If you do build a prediction model for your own research, we encourage you to share it with the community following the publication of your main results, or sooner, if you feel comfortable. We can then host your model on predictdb.org while giving you proper acknowledgement.
Today we are updating the tissue-wide prediction models trained from GTEx data which use 1000 Genomes SNPs. There are two main differences:
1. The snp covariance files we had provided previously were built using a reference dataset with 1000 genomes data. Now the covariance data is based off of the GTEx training data. This should resolve many issues with MetaXcan not being able to utilize all snps in models.
2. In the previous release of our GTEx 1000 Genomes models, we had mistakenly excluded some well-performing protein-coding gene models before filtering for statistical significance at the level of FDR < .05. We have now included these models in the databases. After including these genes though, some gene-tissue models that had previously just reached the threshold of statistical significance now no longer meet the necessary criteria. These models have been dropped appropriately. As these models were not predicted to have great performance anyway, we hope that few people, if any, will miss these models.
If you are using the GTEx 1000 Genomes models in your research, we ask you to rerun your analyses using these updated models.
After numerous requests, we have now made our prediction models using HapMap SNPs available. These are models trained on GTEx's V6p data, but filtered to include HapMap SNPs only. These may prove beneficial to your analysis if you are working with older data or if you are having to impute much of your genotype data in order to achieve more complete coverage with 1000 Genomes. Detailed descriptions of the databases can be found in the README files.
We are happy to announce the release of new and improved Transcriptome Prediction Models, based off GTEx expression data trained on 1000 Genomes. The models (and associated covariance matrices) can be downloaded from PredictDB Data Repository. A more comprehensive explanation of the model changes is available at PrediXcan Wiki.
We will send out an email to the group once these models are made available at PredictDB Data Repository, so keep an eye out in the coming days. Cheers!
Since we released our updated prediction models a little over a week ago, we have received numerous requests for models that have been based on HapMap snps only instead of 1000 Genomes. We are happy to provide these models to you, and they will likely be released in the coming days. If you have found that you have needed to impute much of your genotype data to achieve more complete coverage of the prediction model, or if you are working with older datasets in general, it may prove beneficial to use these HapMap models instead.
We have also released a new MetaXcan version that takes advantage of these new models, and has additional output statistics such as the model's prediction performance p-value. Since the new models have a different database schema, updating to the latest MetaXcan version is required. Please note that there is no backward compatibility with the old models.
Thank you all for your involvement with PrediXcan and MetaXcan , and your help and feedback. We hope that these new models will prove beneficial to your research. Cheers!


Have you seen other eBay actions using some fancy html templates and you want to do the same but you do not know how to do it? Well, I have a B.S. in Computer Science and I can tell you something, it is pretty boring and time consuming to write HTML and CSS. That is why I created a pretty useful tool that generates free eBay Templates. If you want to use it right now, you can Login here. If you are clueless on how add html to your eBay listing description, please keep reading.
Generating your first HTML eBay Template
The first thing you have to do in order to create professional ebay listing templates is to create an account at freeebaytemplates.com/app which is 100% free. If you don't really want to create an account, you can login as a guest using the credentials<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the email and guest for the password.
Once you are in, you are going to see 12 different theme options for your html ebay template. You can visualize them right from the same page. Once you have found the one you like, just click on select to go to the next step. On step two, you are going to see three different layout options. The first layout is going to have everything in a single column. The second option will generate a template with the product information on the right side and the general listing information on the left. The third option will display everything pretty much the same but in the opposite sides.
Once you have selected the layout that you like the most for your listing template, you are going to be able to see a live preview of your listing template. Every element of the template can be removed in case you do not need it. Once you have your template ready, you will need to click on generate code and this will display the entire HTML and CSS text that corresponds to thea live preview. Now, to make things even simpler, you just have to click on copy to clipboard in order to paste your newly created HTML listing template to your listing.
Adding the HTML Template to your Ebay Listing
The last thing you are missing is just to paste the code generated to your eBay listing description. First, login to your eBay account and open a page to modify or create an eBay listing. Once in that page, go to the part that is named "describe your item". Then, You need to click on the option that says "show HTML editor" and paste the code there. Now, just click on save changes to finally add the HTML eBay template to your listing.
Other Features
This ebay template maker is made with bootstrap. This means that this tool generates responsive html templates. You do not need to worry about the dynamic content policy that eBay has either because this tool generates professional eBay templates that do not include any JavaScript code at all.


Whether implementation supports dynamic registration. If this is set to true
the client supports the new (TextDocumentRegistrationOptions & StaticRegistrationOptions)
return value for the corresponding server capability as well.
The token formats the clients supports.
Whether the client supports tokens that can span multiple lines.
Whether the client supports tokens that can overlap each other.
Which requests the client supports and might send to the server
depending on the server's capability. Please note that clients might not
show semantic tokens or degrade some of the user experience if a range
or full request is advertised by the client but not provided by the
server. If for example the client capability requests.full
and
request.range
are both set to true but the server only provides a
range provider the client might not render a minimap correctly or might
even decide to not show any semantic tokens at all.
The client will send the textDocument/semanticTokens/full
request if
the server provides a corresponding handler.
The client will send the textDocument/semanticTokens/range
request if
the server provides a corresponding handler.
The token modifiers that the client supports.
The token types that the client supports.
Generated using TypeDoc
3.16.0


Before Change
// Verify that PyTorch Operator actually deployed
pytorch_operator_deployment_name = "pytorch-operator"
logging.info("Verifying PyTorchJob controller started.")
util.wait_for_deployment(api_client, namespace, pytorch_operator_deployment_name)
def main():
After Change
util.wait_for_statefulset(api_client, namespace, jupyter_name)
// Verify that core components are actually deployed.
deployment_names = ["tf-job-operator-v1beta1", "pytorch-operator", "studyjob-controller"]
for deployment_name in deployment_names:
logging.info("Verifying that %s started...", deployment_name)
util.wait_for_deployment(api_client, namespace, deployment_name)
def main():
test_case = test_helper.TestCase(
name="deploy_kubeflow", test_func=deploy_kubeflow)
test_suite = test_helper.init(


PHOTOS AND RESULTS: Prestige in play at national Pro-Am
Going into the PGA of SA Mbombela Golf Club National Pro-Am this past week, Ivano Ficalbi was always going to be the man to beat.
by Stefan de VilliersGoing into the PGA of SA Mbombela Golf Club National Pro-Am this past week, Ivano Ficalbi was always going to be the man to beat.
The event, a first for Mbombela, attracted both professionals and amateurs from across the country with the appeal being obvious – pride, prestige and honour of representing their club in a nationwide tournament.
Local PGA professional, Dalton Viviers from White River Country Club, in a four-ball alliance partnered with Randal Pillay, Mandla Mkhabela and John Robson, took the spoils after 54 holes, bagging 243 points in total. In the first round on Monday they scored 82 points, which gradually decreased by one point each day. It was, however, enough to edge out pro Kenneth Dube and his team of amateurs; Christo Broodryk, Christy Raper and Louis Fourie, who ended on 241. This after a score of 81 on day one and 80 on each of the following days.
Also read: Els leads strong local field for Alfred Dunhill Championship
In the professional scores, calculated in an individual Stableford format, Viviers ended in seventh place.
He fared well on the first two days, playing two over par on each day. He said the nerves probably got to him and on day three, he played seven shots over par in the first nine, but recovered at the halfway mark to achieve a one over par second nine.
In hindsight, if he had maintained his score from the first two days, he could have shared fifth place with Ben Fouchee. Fouchee and his team of Herman Potgieter, Nardus Gouws and Sean Middleton ended in third with 238.
In more or less the same boat as Viviers was PGA Pro and CEO of Mbombela Golf Club, Darren Plumb, whose second day set him back at least five points – earning him sixth place in the individual Stableford.
His four-ball alliance team, with Hannes Boshoff, Jacobus Lombard and Angelo Sebastian, ended in fifth with 236 points.
In fourth place were Ivano Ficalbi, Brian Springorum. Johan Janse van Rensburg and and Dawie Smuts.
Also read: Els leads strong local field for Alfred Dunhill Championship
Since day one, PGA members found themselves chasing down “Boss Man” Ficalbi.
Ficalbi, PGA of South Africa chief executive, hence the nickname, topped the list with superb tee-to-green accuracy. His diligence shone through every time he set foot on the green. This resulted in a first round of four under par, a second of one under and a third of +2 – totalling a combined score of 111 – four shots ahead of Dube and six ahead of Tyrone Lorusso.
“We are privileged that Mbombela was chosen as the desired destination by the PGA,” said Plumb. He also extended his gratitude towards the main sponsors Standard Bank South Africa, NKP Consultants and Vodacom in conjunction with Johnnie Walker, AHEAD Golf South Africa and Titleist South Africa.
Plumb looks forward to hosting the same event next year. Here is the full results


"Homo Socialis" is a network of people, providing mutual financial aid in difficult living circumstances. It is a social safety net for emergencies based on collective decision-making, as well as monthly contributions, implemented through a decentralized, self-governing organizational structure.
How it works
Imagine that once upon a time... there was a group of people. They regularly met and each one always put some money in a collective savings pot. If one of them found themselves in need, the group would meet and decide to help them with money from their savings pot.
Thanks to Smart Contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and the Internet, today, this can be run collectively for almost any size group of people - without all members of the group even having to know one another - without the need for them to meet to make decisions and all without central management.
We are working on such a trial project accompanied by scientific researchers.


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Protocols¶
-
class
synbio.protocol.
Protocol
(name: str = '', design: synbio.designs.Design = <synbio.designs.Design object>, how: Union[synbio.protocol.Step, Iterable[synbio.protocol.Step]] = None, separate_reagents: bool = False)¶ A Protocol for assembling DNA via steps in a laboratory.
-
name
¶ The name of the protocol
-
design
¶ The design specification for the build
-
how
¶ A single composite step for assembling the Design
-
separate_reagents
¶ Whether to separate reagent plate from other wells
-
add
(step: synbio.protocol.Step) → synbio.protocol.Protocol¶ Add a step to the protocol.
- Parameters
step – The Step to add to this protocol
-
add_instruction
(instruction: synbio.instructions.Instruction)¶ Add a single Instruction to this protocol’s output.
Instructions are generated by Steps. Each Step calls this to add the step’s output to the Protocol for accumulation.
- Parameters
instruction – A single instruction to add to the protocol
-
property
input
¶ Return a map from protocol ‘inputs’ to volumes in milliters.
Inputs are SeqRecord (DNA), Primers, Reagents and Species required to carry out the protocol.
- Returns
A Dict that is a key-value map from input Content to required volume
-
property
output
¶ Gather the output SeqRecords from the final containers after all steps.
- Returns
The plasmids that will be created after assembly
-
run
() → synbio.protocol.Protocol¶ Run each step of the protcol. Build up the output records and instructions.
-
to_csv
(filename: str = '') → str¶ Write CSV file(s) describing the containers/Layout after each step.
Rows of Layout/containers are written in CSV format with each step’s name as its heading.
- Parameters
filename – The name of the CSV’s name
-
to_fasta
(filename: str = '') → int¶ Write each output record to a FASTA file.
Uses SeqIO.write(records, filename, “fasta”).
- Parameters
filename – The filename to write the FASTA file to
- Returns
The number of records that were written
-
to_genbank
(filename: str = '', split: bool = False) → int¶ Write each output record to a Genbank file.
Uses SeqIO.write(records, filename, “genbank”).
- Parameters
filename – The filename to write the Genbanks to
split – Write a separate Genbank for each SeqRecord
- Returns
The number of records that were written
-
to_picklists
(filename: str = '', platform: str = 'tecan')¶ Create picklists for robotic pipetting.
Supported platforms are tecan, hamilton, and labcyte.
For each step where there’s plate to plate pipetting, create a robotic picklists. Steps where reagents or samples come from the Fridge are not written to a picklist right now.
If there are multiple passable steps, each are saved with their index in their filename. Ex: picklist.1.gwl, picklist.2.gwl
- Keyword Arguments
filename – Name of picklist file (default: {self.name})
platform – Picklist platform (default: {“tecan”})
-
to_txt
(filename: str = '')¶ Write the protocol’s instructions to a text file.
- Parameters
filename – the filename of the instructin file
-
-
class
synbio.protocols.clone.
Clone
(name: str = '', design: synbio.designs.Design = <synbio.designs.Design object>, enzymes: List[Bio.Restriction.Restriction.RestrictionType] = None, mix: synbio.mix.Mix = <synbio.mix.Mix object>, include: List[str] = None, min_count: int = -1, separate_reagents: bool = False)¶ Clone SeqRecords together using BioPython enzymes.
Digest the SeqRecords with all the Enzymes provided, find valid circularized assemblies, and create a protocol for preparing and ligating the fragments.
This protocol is based on NEB’s clone guide: https://www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/usage-guidelines/clone-guide
- Keyword Arguments
enzymes – the list of enzymes to digest the SeqRecords with
include – include only plasmids with a feature matching something in the include list use in backbone selection (default: {None})
mix – the assembly mix to use when mixing the assemblies with enzymes
min_count – the minimum number of SeqRecords in an assembly for it to be considered valid. smaller assemblies are ignored
-
class
synbio.protocols.gibson.
Gibson
(design: synbio.designs.Design = <synbio.designs.Design object>, name: str = '', hifi: bool = False, pcr_mix: synbio.mix.Mix = <synbio.mix.Mix object>, gibson_mix: synbio.mix.Mix = <synbio.mix.Mix object>, separate_reagents: bool = False)¶ Gibson Assembly.
Create primer pairs that will anneal each SeqRecord to its two neighbors so that, after PCR, the fragments will circularize via a Gibson Assembly.
Based on the Gibson Assembly protocol outlined on the NEB site for kit (e5510): https://www.neb.com/protocols/2012/12/11/gibson-assembly-protocol-e5510
- Keyword Arguments
hifi – whether to use NEB’s HiFi assembly method
gibson_mix – the assembly mix to use when mixing the Gibson wells. Based on NEB’s (e5510)
-
class
synbio.protocols.goldengate.
GoldenGate
(design: synbio.designs.Design = <synbio.designs.Design object>, name: str = '', enzymes: List[Bio.Restriction.Restriction.RestrictionType] = [BsaI, BpiI], include: List[str] = None, min_count: int = -1, separate_reagents: bool = False)¶ GoldenGate assembly.
Takes the design of a protocol and finds combinations of SeqRecords that will circularize into valid new plasmids.
This Protocol is derived from NEB’s guide: https://www.neb.com/protocols/2018/10/02/golden-gate-assembly-protocol-for-using-neb-golden-gate-assembly-mix-e1601
Full responsibilities include
subselecting the input designs that will form valid plasmids after digestion with BsaI and BpiI
adding NEB Golden Gate Assembly Mix to the valid designs as Contents for a Container
computing the final plasmid (SeqRecord) after ligation of digested fragments
memoize the sorted enzyme + ids -> SeqRecord from step #3, pass as a
“mutate” method for the step after ThermoCycle()
add steps to carry out the rest of the assembly (heat shock, incubate, etc)
- Keyword Arguments
name – Name of this protocol
enzymes – List of digest enzymes to catalyze SeqRecords with
include – Include only plasmids with a feature matching something in the include list use in backbone selection (default: {None})
min_count – The minimum number of SeqRecords in an assembly for it to be considered valid. smaller assemblies are ignored
separate_reagents – Whether to separate reagent plate from other wells


--- layout: default title: Home ---
I'm cgm616.
Click on the about page above to read about me.
To get to the blog, click blog.
This pages is served with Gitlab pages at cgm616.me, and Github pages at ghpages.cgm616.me.


WEEK 9 SATURDAY
Year 1 (Year 2)
FIRST READING Tobit 12:1.5-15.20
A reading from the Book of Tobit
In those days: Tobit
called his son Tobias and said to him, "My son, see to the wages of the
man who went with you; and he must also be given more." So he called the
angel and said to him, "Take for your wages half of all that you two have
brought back, and farewell." Then the angel called the two of them
privately and said to them: "Praise God and give thanks to him; exalt him
and give thanks to him in the presence of all the living for what he has done
for you. It is good to praise God and to exalt his name, worthily declaring the
works of God. Do not be slow to give him thanks. It is good to guard the secret
of a king, but gloriously to reveal the works of God, and with fitting honour
to acknowledge him. Do good, and evil will not
overtake you. Prayer is good when accompanied by fasting, almsgiving, and
righteousness. A little with righteousness is better than much with wrongdoing.
It is better to give alms than to treasure up gold. For almsgiving delivers
from death, and it will purge away every sin.  "I will now declare the whole
truth to you and I will not conceal anything from you. I have said, 'It is good
to guard the secret of a king, but gloriously to reveal the works of God.'  When you did not hesitate to rise and leave your dinner in
order to go and lay out the dead, I was sent to test you. So now God sent me to
heal you and your daughter-in-law Sarah. I am Raphael, one of the seven holy
angels who present the prayers of the saints and enter into the presence of the
glory of the Lord." And now bless the Lord upon the earth and give thanks
to God, for I am ascending to him who sent me. Write in a book everything that
has happened to you."
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Tobit 13:1b and 2.3-4a.6efgh.6ij.8 (R. 1b)
R. Blessed is God, who lives for ever.
Blessed is God who lives for ever. For he afflicts,
and he shows mercy; he leads down to Hades, and brings up again, and there is
no one who can escape his hand.
R. Blessed is God, who lives for ever.

But see what he will do with you; give thanks to
him with your full voice. Praise the Lord of righteousness, and exalt the king
of the ages.
R. Blessed is God, who lives for ever.
I give him thanks in the land of my captivity, and
I show his power and majesty to a nation of sinners.
R. Blessed is God, who lives for ever.
Bless the Lord, all you his chosen ones, all of
you, praise his glory. Celebrate days of joy, and give thanks to him.
R. Blessed is God, who lives for ever.
Reading I 2 Timothy 4:1-8
A reading from the second Letter of Saint Paul to Timothy
Beloved: I charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus who is to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom: preach the word, be urgent in season and out of season, convince, rebuke, and exhort, be unfailing in patience and in teaching. For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching, but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own likings, and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander into myths. As for you, always be steady, endure suffering, do the work of an evangelist, fulfil your ministry. For I am already on the point of being sacrificed; the time of my departure has come. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. Henceforth there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will award to me on that Day, and not only to me but also to all who have loved his appearing.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 71:8-9.14-15ab.16-17.22 (R. see 15ab)
R. My mouth will tell of your salvation, Lord.
 Do not reject me now that I am old; when my strength
fails do not forsake me.
R. My mouth will tell of your salvation, Lord.
But as for me, I will always hope, and praise you
more and more. My mouth will tell of your justice, and all the day long of your
salvation.
R. My mouth will tell of your salvation, Lord.

R. My mouth will tell of your salvation, Lord.
So I will give you thanks on the lyre for your
faithfulness, O my God. To you will I sing with the harp, to you, the Holy One
of Israel.
R. My mouth will tell of your salvation, Lord.
R. Alleluia. Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. R. Alleluia.
GOSPEL Mark 12:38-44
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Mark
At that time: In his teaching Jesus said, "Beware of the scribes, who like to go about in long robes, and to have salutations in the market places and the best seats in the synagogues and the places of honour at feasts, who devour widows' houses and for a pretence make long prayers. They will receive the greater condemnation." And he sat down opposite the treasury, and watched the multitude putting money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large sums. And a poor widow came, and put in two copper coins, which make a penny.  For they all contributed out of their abundance; but she out of her poverty has put in everything she had, her whole living."
The Gospel of the Lord


Amazon Elastic Container Service Service PlacementStrategies
The PlacementStrategies
property describes
how tasks for the Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service are placed
in an AWS::ECS::Service
resource.
Syntax
Properties
Type
-
The type of placement strategy. Can be one of the following values:
random
,spread
, orbinpack
.The
random
placement strategy randomly places tasks on available candidates. Thespread
placement strategy spreads placement across available candidates evenly based on the field parameter. Thebinpack
strategy places tasks on available candidates that have the least available amount of the resource that is specified with the field parameter. For example, if youbinpack
on memory, a task is placed on the instance with the least amount of remaining memory (but still enough to run the task).Required: Yes
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
Field
-
The field to apply the placement strategy against. For the
spread
placement strategy, valid values areinstanceId
(orhost
, which has the same effect), or any platform or custom attribute that is applied to a container instance, such asattribute:ecs.availability-zone
.For the
binpack
placement strategy, valid values arecpu
andmemory
.For the
random
placement strategy, this field is not used.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement


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July 07, 2003
American troops looted, vandalized Baghdad's airport
Time | Submitted by: poorjon
"Much has been written about how Iraqis complicated the task of rebuilding their country by looting it after Saddam Hussein's regime fell. In the case of the international airport outside Baghdad, however, the theft and vandalism were conducted largely by victorious American troops [who] stole duty-free items, needlessly shot up the airport and trashed five serviceable Boeing airplanes. ... U.S. estimates of the cost of the damage and theft begin at a few million dollars and go as high as $100 million."
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Read article...
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'Sea gypsies' genetically superior to other Europeans
News Corporation | Submitted by: Jim Guerin
"A tribe of sea gypsies may have evolved differently from land dwellers to develop a remarkable ability to see clearly underwater, Swedish researchers believe. They have found that children of the Moken tribe, who wander among islands scattered off the coasts of Thailand and Burma, can see submerged objects more than twice as sharply as European children. ... Moken children, aged between 8 and 13, could shrink the pupils of their eyes by about 20 per cent more than the Europeans to deliver sharper resolution underwater."
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Read article...
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Boys doused in white paint, torched
iAfrica | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"The police in Boksburg on the East Rand found the burnt bodies of two teenage boys on Sunday afternoon after receiving an anonymous tip-off, a police spokesperson reported. Annaline Prinsloo said police in the suburb of Dawn Park received a call at 1.45pm. The caller would not give his name, but supplied information about two bodies that had been left next to a railway line close to a bridge behind the Boksburg prison. When they arrived at the scene, police officers found the burnt bodies of two boys aged between 16 and 20 years old. One of the boys had his hands tied behind his back, and both had white paint poured over them."
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Soldiers in Iraq completely demoralized
Christian Science Monitor | Submitted by: Rockpile
"Even as President Bush speaks of a 'massive and long-term' undertaking in rebuilding Iraq, that effort, as well as the high tempo of US military operations around the globe, is taking its toll on individual troops. Some frustrated troops stationed in Iraq are writing letters to representatives in Congress to request their units be repatriated. ... Despite Pentagon statements before the war that the goal of US forces was to "liberate, not occupy" Iraq, Secretary Rumsfeld warned last week that the war against terrorists in Iraq and elsewhere 'will not be over any time soon.'"
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No criminal charges for British WMD test fatalities
BBC | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"Campaign groups representing veterans interests argue that servicemen were told they were helping with research into the common cold. But many of them died after being exposed to deadly nerve agents and other toxic chemicals. Porton Down veteran Ken Earl said: 'I am very disappointed, but not entirely surprised. ... Who was it at the MOD who authorised these chemical and biological tests to be carried out on naive and unsuspecting servicemen and women?'"
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30,000 chickens fed to wood chipper
Sacramento Bee | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"The owners of a Southern California egg farm insist they didn't do anything wrong when they slaughtered 30,000 unproductive chickens by throwing them into wood chippers. State authorities agreed, deciding in May not to file animal cruelty charges. ... The 45-year-old federal Humane Slaughter Act offers guidelines on slaughter methods but only requires that animals be rendered 'insensible to pain' before being killed. It excludes poultry from that requirement."
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Man jacks off in taxi, driver crashes
nettavisen.no | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"The man sat down in the taxi driven by a young, female driver, and started to masturbate. The result was unfortunate for both of them. The woman lost control over the vehicle and drove off the road. The 43-year-old man from Sveio is now sentenced to 120 days in jail with a 2-year probationary period as a result of the 'severely inappropriate' behavior in the car. The man had been visiting friends in Haugesund, when he sometime during the night wanted to go home to Sveio. He was very drunk."
 During the examination of his groin, the DPP said, Eng had intended to ejaculate and get the doctor to look at his semen."
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Firecracker fight provokes killing
WKMG-TV 6 Orlando | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A fight that began with two teenage girls throwing lit fireworks at each other ended with one of them slashing the other's throat, police said. Christine Rogers, 13, was charged with an open count of murder in the Saturday death of her 15-year-old friend, Ashley Harvey... the teens, longtime neighborhood friends and occasional foes, got into a fight over fireworks Saturday afternoon. It escalated to throwing lit firecrackers at each other."
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Pentagon still working on (somewhat) nonlethal arsenal
laweekly.com | Submitted by: motrinwoman
"Firing indiscriminately on unarmed crowds of civilians, long a staple method of restoring order, is today almost universally frowned upon. ... Engineers, hard at work for years now on this problem, have come up with some creative solutions, fun gadgets that give the banalities of police work a little Flash Gordon–cum–Robocop sheen. [In addition to a bunch of other stuff] the military is working to develop microbes that eat asphalt and metal and turn petroleum to useless goo, and to perfect airborne delivery systems of so-called 'calmatives' -- aerosol versions of Valium, Prozac and powerful opiates like Fentanyl -- just in case all the blunt trauma, microwave menace, and acoustic and electrical insult should fail to keep the populace sufficiently tranquil."
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Detroit cop shoots self concealing gun from border guard
canada.com | Submitted by: Versutus
You know you're in trouble in the brains department when you try to cross an international border carrying a loaded weapon. Especially when there are huge signs posted warning you not to just that. Even more especially since you're in law enforcement (whatever that means in Detroit) yourself.
But what really put this Detroit copper at the bottom of the IQ bell curve was what happened when he tried to hide his .40-calibre Glock from Canada Customs at the border crossing into Windsor.
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Pakistan censoring the Net
BBC | Submitted by: PS
"As a conservative Muslim nation, Pakistan is keen to shield its citizens from the copious amount of explicit material on the web. It could face an uphill struggle, with more than 60% of the country's internet users visiting porn sites, according to telecoms officials. ... Earlier this year, the authorities blocked more than 1,800 websites, which were described as a 'corrupt and evil influence'."
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Woman continuing personal suicide crusade
BBC | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"A cannabis-smoking multiple sclerosis sufferer who failed to commit suicide has vowed to keep trying until she succeeds. Elizabeth Ivol, from Orkney, was admitted to Balfour Hospital in Kirkwall last week after taking an overdose of paracetamol. Ms Ivol - who had been involved in a high profile court case - has since returned home following treatment. Speaking from her home at Craig Flower Cottage, Herston, on South Ronaldsay, she said: "I took 25 paracetamol and that didn't work I can't seem to get anything right these days." "I was just going to walk into the sea and drown, but I can't walk. I can't even go into the garage and hang myself from the beams because I'm in a wheelchair."
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Latest anthrax cache discovered in Nevada
krnv.com | Submitted by: poorjon
"The Reno City Council agreed last month to explore ways to save Hillside Cemetery, the final resting place of many of Reno's early pioneers. Cemetery owner John Lawton is considering redeveloping the land... But Prudence Gould Muran, a descendent of pioneers buried there, says the threat of anthrax is the best reason hundreds of graves should not be exhumed. Muran told the Reno Gazette-Journal that her great-grandfather, Warren H. Gould, died of anthrax in 1893 and is buried in the middle of Reno's oldest cemetery."
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PETA, etc. protest Running of the Bulls via nudity
Sydney Morning Herald | Submitted by: poorjon
"Animal rights activists stripped naked to protest against the running of bulls through the streets of Pamplona, condemning one of Spain's most famous traditions as cruel to animals. Activists from all over Western Europe had planned to run nude along the route for this week's annual bull runs, but police in the northern Spanish city said the protest was unauthorised and blocked their way. About 20 men and women went ahead with the protest near the city centre on Saturday, however, stripping completely." With photo of white girl's flat ass.
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Clean injection area draws cheers, jeers
canada.com | Submitted by: Tim Howard
"It's Night 90 for Vancouver's unsanctioned injection site for drug users. ... There, they can get clean needles, clean water, a quiet place to inject where they can take their time, and advice if they need it from registered nurse Megan Oleson on how to inject properly, instead of just jabbing at their arms, popping veins and starting abscesses. ... The site opened April 7 -- the same day that Vancouver police kicked off their Downtown Eastside special team with a goal was to break up the open drug market on Hastings Street -- started up by some who decided that if police were going to chase people off the streets and out of the alleys, there had to be a place for them to go."
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National Zoo's bald eagle killed on the 4th of July
CNN | Submitted by: Rockpile
"Officials at the National Zoo suspect that a large cat got into a bald eagle's enclosure and killed the bird, perhaps already weakened by fierce storms and unable to fly. ... The male eagle died Friday morning, the same day that the zoo celebrated a new exhibit designed especially for bald eagles hurt in the wild."
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Pope's website infallible, hackproof
zdnet.com.au | Submitted by: kade
"The Vatican has revealed that it has taken on a team of experts to protect the Pope's Web site, which is attacked by some 10,000 viruses a month and at least 30 mainly US hackers every day. 'Fortunately, up to now no-one has managed to penetrate the Pope's site thanks to a highly efficient team of specialists charged with antivirus protection who have always managed to block hackers' emails,' said Archbishop Claudio Celli, secretary for the administration of the Holy See's heritage."
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Where Jeff Foxworthy rules supreme
Gainesville Sun | Submitted by: Yosha
"There was bobbin' for pigs feet and hubcap hurling. Grown men competed against each other by belly-flopping into a mud pit. This year's Redneck Games at Buckeye Park in East Dublin drew thousands of spectators. ... The games began in 1996 as a good-natured poke at the Atlanta Olympics by WQZY-FM, a local country music radio station. The first year drew only 500 people but the event has grown after the station moved the games to the park. ... 'people have come to realize rednecks are the salt of the earth. They are the ones who drive the trucks and farm. They are very patriotic.'"
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Microsoft squelching Linux for Xbox
Windows & .Net Magazine | Submitted by: Reid Fleming
"For almost a year and a half, hackers have been working to undermine the hardware and software protection on Microsoft's Xbox video game machine in order to load Linux software on the box and turn it into the world's cheapest Linux workstation. Recently, those hackers allegedly succeeded, and they contacted the software giant, asking the company to open up the Xbox and release a 'signed' bootloader that would let Linux enthusiasts legally load the open source OS on the Xbox. ... Since releasing details of their hack, the Free-X community has seen the situation with Microsoft deteriorate, and the software giant is now threatening legal action."
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Sports editor loses job for plagiarizing Caddyshack
ESPN | Submitted by: Editfish
"The sports editor of the Roswell Daily Record has been fired for fabricating part of a news story about a golf tournament in which he quoted a fictional character from the movie Caddyshack. ... the story contained three fictitious paragraphs referring to a Carl Spangler who claimed to work at the course. In Caddyshack, Bill Murray played a golf course worker named Carl Spackler. Jones quoted Spangler as saying he invented a new kind of grass for the tournament. ... '"This is a hybrid ... of bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, featherbed bent and northern California sensemilia," Spangler said. "The amazing stuff about this, is that you can play 36 holes on it in the afternoon, take it home and just get stoned to the bejeezus."'"
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Mom complains about Hulk doll's plush, green penis
Sun | Submitted by: Dusik
"Shocked six-year-old Leah Lowland checked out a mystery bulge on her Incredible Hulk doll -- and uncovered a giant green willy. ... when she peeled off the green comic-book character's ripped purple shorts, she found the two-inch manhood beneath them. ... 'Considering the doll is only 12-inches tall it's amazing how big his willy is. And it's definitely not an extra piece of material left on by mistake. ... It sounds funny, but kids should not be exposed to this kind of thing. It should be taken off the shelves.'" With photo of girl posing with the doll that her mom thinks is improper for kids.
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@import com.mohiva.play.silhouette.api.actions.SecuredRequest @import fr.gospeak.core.domain.{Group, User, UserRequest} @import fr.gospeak.web.auth.domain.CookieEnv @import fr.gospeak.web.pages.orga.routes.GroupCtrl @(invite: UserRequest.GroupInvite, group: Group, orga: User, by: User)(implicit req: SecuredRequest[CookieEnv, AnyContent], messages: Messages)
Hi @orga.name.value,
@by.name.value has rejected your invitation to @group.name.value.
It's juste a small inconvenience, keep going with your group ;)
The Gospeak team


| About Dailyrotten |
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Feedback
If you like this page, hate it, or would like to suggest changes,
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do send your feedback.
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visit our submit page to
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Accounts will generally be validated within 24 hours, and of
course will be disabled if there is abuse.
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On the first full day this page went live, 100,000 people visited this Rotten
News page. Of course that was the day after the WTC attacks, so that number is
somewhat distorted. Right now this page gets between 50,000 and 75,000 people
every day.
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January 21, 2002
Detainees sew lips together
Guardian | Submitted by: Bok
Illegal immigrants at Woomera detention camp in Australia are fed
up with visa delays and have begun... sewing their lips together. Many
detainees are on a hunger strike and at least 58 have taken the more
extreme lip measure. They are all Afghanis, a fact not mentioned in
the first article.
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Read article... and
This article...
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Stairway to Heaven tattoo
Glasgow Evening Times | Submitted by: Frizz
"A rock fan has had the entire lyrics of Led Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven
tattooed on his back in a tribute to a dead friend. Bike-mad Gordon Roy, 38, lost his pal five years ago in an accident in Wishaw, Lanarkshire, when he was run over by a bus... In a three-hour session costing £65, all the words and
images that accompany the song were tattooed in black ink by tattoo artist
Dave McGowan of Motherwell." [Since this is a copyright violation, will
the RIAA be demanding the skin off Gordon's back?]
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Sex Change Widow in Imbroglio
Independent | Submitted by: dj arianna
"But there is something else at stake which explains why the ruling
is being keenly awaited across the US. Ms Gardiner is a woman now, but
wasn't always. The aggrieved stepson, Joe Gardiner, wants the court to
declare the marriage she entered with his father void, because J'Noel
was born a man, and indeed remained one until he underwent a series of
operations in the early 1990s to change his sex."
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Drugs 1, Government 0
Pasadena Star-News | Submitted by: naturalcryst
The U.S. government constantly abuses forfeiture laws with relation
to drugs, but in this case, a drug dealer got even. Failure to file paperwork
within the statutory five year period has cost the federales $400,000
($250,000 for the boat that was seized, plus $150,000 in attorney costs.)
The boat was sold off years ago for $100,000. "It's routine for the government
to neglect the rules when seizing items from people like drug smugglers,
who typically lack the resources to fight back." D'oh.
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RSI for sex workers?
AAP | Submitted by: thogard
"Our knowledge of the [sex] industry indicates that a whole range of
injuries can occur in the workplace, from slipping on a wet floor in
bathroom settings - because most brothels have an ensuite or bathroom
attached to working rooms - to things like tripping on stairs, slip hazards,
a whole range of issue." NOT TO MENTION DIGNITY. So uhh, try a new position
or something.
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Australia refuses censorship answers
Sydney Morning Herald | Submitted by: Soylent
Australia censors the Internet. Exactly what it censors from it,
is apparently a state secret. Electronic Frontiers Australia filed
suit under the Australian Freedom of Information Act to obtain
this information, but has been denied both the list of pages which
have been banned, plus the list of pages that haven't been
banned. So Australians will remain in the dark about what their
government is censoring from them, at least until an appeal is decided.
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Chrissy Teigen apologizes for ‘tone-deaf’ joke about her mom
by Julius YoungChrissy Teigen is apologizing to her social media followers after the model and TV host made a joke about her mother, Vilailuck, that didn’t go over well.
"My mom treats her air pods like they're disposable. Buys a few a month. She says they would be easier to not lose if they had ... a cord," Teigen tweeted on Wednesday.
It wasn't long after before Twitter users began criticizing Teigen, 33, for flaunting her family’s wealth, considering a new pair of Apple’s AirPods are about $150 and the company’s AirPods Pro are a cool $250.
CHRISSY TEIGEN REVEALS HER STRATEGY FOR COMBATING INTERNET TROLLS
"Oh man, I haven’t checked my mentions for a bit and I didn’t realize how many people were super pissed off about this," the “Cravings” cookbook author replied to the tweet. "It was meant as a joke (and exaggeration) about how my mom doesn’t realize air pods are with a cord are headphones but it came across as super tone deaf and icky."
MEGHAN MCCAIN DEFENDS CHRISSY TEIGEN AFTER TRUMP JAB
The “Lip Sync Battle” host added: "I promise I will not always say the right thing in the right way but I also promise I hate disappointing or pissing you guys off. I’m sorry and I will do better to not be such an a--hole."
Teigen took the time to respond to a Twitter user who took issue with her apology.
CHRISSY TEIGEN SAYS SHE AND JOHN LEGEND SHARE ‘BAD GUY’ DISCIPLINARY ROLE AS PARENTS
“It's not about how you said it. It's the fact that some people are starving while others can treat $150 airpods as disposable,” the user wrote. “I love you Chrissy but seriously, stop pretending this is about tone and start campaigning for wealth redistribution.”
"You keep saying this as if my husband and I don’t do anything for society and it’s really disheartening," Teigen said of her and her husband, John Legend. "It was a comment, a joke, a dumb one at that, that I’m sorry for. I hope we have done and continue to do things that contribute more than a dumb tweet. Again, I apologize."
 All I can do is tangible things to help make a difference outside the twitter world. It definitely showed that I’m a bit removed and I will do better as best I can."


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Battle strategy -
Some phrases can be used when you need to help a less experienced Toon get through a tricky battle.
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You can use phrases like these to tell a Toon you like the way they are playing.
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Declining an invitation to join another Toon -
If you donít think you can come anytime soon (for example, youíre on the third floor of a four
story building) you might just want to say no. You donít want to keep your friends waiting too
long.
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Telling other Toons what you're working on -
Your SpeedChat phrases automatically change when you start or finish a ToonTask. When a Toon
asks you what youíre working on, just open up the ToonTasks area of your SpeedChat menu
and let them know!
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| Classes Summary | |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | Atmosphere unit data class. |
| PressureUnit | Pressure base data class. Any new pressure units should extend this class and implement their name, symbol and units; overriding the $unitOf and $base properties only if necessary. |
| Torr | Torr unit data class. |
| Kilopascal | Kilopascal unit data class. |
| Millibar | Millibar unit data class. |
| Megapascal | Megapascal unit data class. |
| Pascal | Pascal unit data class. |
| PoundForcePerSquareInch | Pound-force per square inch unit data class. |
| Bar | Bar unit data class. |


Looking Up Unknown Kanji/Words
Sometimes you may find yourself at a roadblock, because you don't know how to read a kanji or don't know the meaning of a word. That's perfectly okay though, as it's part of learning and sometimes we may forget. We'll go over a few ways that you can look up kanji/words you don't know while using Genki Study Resources.
Quick Navigation
Using the Quick Dictionary
Genki Study Resources has a standalone dictionary for looking up words and practicing them, and a quick dictionary built into non-vocabulary exercises. When it comes to looking up unknown kanji/words during an exercise, the quick dictionary is your best friend! Simply select the text, click "look up", and look through the search results for your answer.
If you're trying to select text for a multiple choice answer, simply click the "Enable Text Selection" button. This will allow you to select and look up kanji/words in answers.
Jisho Online Dictionary
The dictionary on Genki Study Resources only contains definitions for all the words learned and used in the Genki textbooks. Because of this, it will not have every word imaginable. Thankfully, there's an excellent online alternative called Jisho.org. This website will allow you to search in English, Japanese, by drawing, and even radicals for finding kanji you don't know how to type. So if you need to look up words outside of Genki, I highly recommend using this website.
- Link: Jisho.org
Helpful Extensions
Aside from the methods mentioned prior, there exists extensions that allow you to look up the meanings of kanji/words simply by hovering over them! These, my friends, are like magic dictionaries where your cursor is a word-defining wand, and are wonderful to have on hand when needed. There's different ones for different browsers, so choose the one for your current browser. Personally I prefer Yomichan because it's more responsive and you can customize the dictionary.
- Yomichan (for Chromium-based browsers, such as Chrome, Opera, Brave. Also on Firefox)
- Rikaikun (for Chromium-based browsers, such as Chrome, Opera, Brave)
If you intend on using these offline as well, be sure to update your extension's permissions, which can typically be done by going to Extensions > Details (for that extension) and enabling "Allow access to file URLs." Instructions may be different (or not required) for Firefox.
Useful Programs
If you like using Novels or Manga for reading practice, then you know that sometimes you'll run into a kanji that stumps you. Thankfully there's an extremely useful program called KanjiTomo which can be used to identify kanji/words on-screen or in images, depending on how legible the font is. You can also open images directly in the program for easier navigation and identification. I highly recommend it to those who're just starting out and want to read some higher level material to challenge themselves and learn new words.
Another useful program is Capture2Text which is extremely useful for copying kanji when you're playing games in Japanese, so that you can look them up in Jisho. Just make sure to set the language and orientation manually.
Summary
To finish up, I'd like to say that it's okay to look up kanji/words if you don't know them or may have forgotten the meaning. However, if you're constantly looking up the same kanji/words you've already looked up, you should write those kanji/words down and practice them until you've memorized them. On Genki Study Resources we didn't use a heavy amount of furigana in the 2nd Edition, because it's prudent that you memorize all the words introduced in each lesson, kanji included! It may seem daunting, but it will pay off in the long run, so keep at it, even if it's a little each day.
With the introduction of the 3rd Edition we've listened to feedback and decided to include furigana in a majority of exercises. However, we encourage you to turn off furigana once you've memorized the words for a lesson, especially for Reading Practice exercises! This way you can challenge your brain and practice recalling the words and kanji you've learned from memory.
In short, it's okay to use a dictionary for looking up unknown words, but don't rely too heavily on it; memorize the words you look up! Feel free to utilize the Dictionary, Custom Study Tools, or the plethora of vocab/kanji exercises for memorizing words.