oaktree-capital
Businessmodel of Oaktree Capital
Customer Segments
Oaktree Capital provides asset management and private equity services to re than 2,100 clients, including individuals and commercial entities. The Company’s clients include:
- Pension Funds, from a range of companies, institutions, and organisations;
- Municipal and Regional Government Bodies, including a range of government agencies and public organisations;
- Corporations and Commercial Entities, including companies from a range of sectors, such as the insurance and financial services industries;
- Universities, primarily from within the US;
- Charitable Organisations and Foundations, including numerous non-profits and foundations;
- Sovereign Wealth Funds, from various jurisdictions; and
- Individuals, including high-net-worth individuals and family offices. Oaktree Capital primarily serves clients in North America, notably its domestic market of the US, which accounts for 75% of its client base. The Company also serves client across Europe, Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East, and South America.
Value Propositions
Oaktree Capital provides value to its clients in the following ways:
- Its range of product offerings, with the Company providing a range of asset management services across six asset classes and jurisdictions;
- Its international reach, with the Company serving a global client base, including clients across the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, Africa, and the Middle East;
- The technical expertise of its personnel, with the Company employing highly-trained specialist investment professionals and experienced industry executives;
- Its research-backed offerings, with the Company employing an organised research methodology and applying its proprietary research to its investment activities; and
- Its customer service and communications, with the Company working closely with its clients on investment activities and consulting frequently with clients, providing service updates. ### Channels
Oaktree Capital operates a website at www.oaktreecapital.com, through which the Company provides information on its various products, services, and investment activities. The Company also operates an online client portal, accessible through its website, which enables clients to manage their accounts and track the performance of investments.
Oaktree Capital provides its services to clients through its team of in-house investment professionals and advisors, who operate out of the Company’s international network of offices, which spans 17 cities across 12 countries, of which the largest offices are in Los Angeles, London, New York City and Hong Kong.
Some of Oaktree Capital’s services are provided through third-party brokers, agents and services providers, which work in collaboration with the Company’s investment team.
Customer Relationships
Oaktree Capital provides some self-service offerings to its clients, through its online client portal, which allows client to monitor investments, manage accounts, and track performance without interacting with the Company’s team of investment professionals.
Oaktree Capital provides direct advisory and investment services to its clients, through its team of investment professionals, who work closely with clients over the period of their investments. These professionals consult with client on an ongoing basis, providing frequent updates and communications to ensure that clients are kept up to date with the performance of their investments.
Oaktree Capital provides additional support to its prospective and existing clients, with clients able to contact the Company’s various regional offices over the phone or via email. The Company also provides various market and investment insight papers and articles through its website, and is able to interact directly with clients through its social media accounts, including with Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube.
Key Activities
Oaktree Capital is a global investment manager and asset management firm. The Company manages investments across six asset classes – Corporate Debt, Convertible Securities, Distressed Debt, Control Investing, Real Estate and Listed Equities.
The Company operates through a single business segment, which covers all of the Company’s investment management services. The Company’s operations are conducted through a group of operating entities collectively referred to as the Oaktree Operating Group. The Funds managed by Oaktree Capital include commingled funds, separate accounts and collateralized loan obligation vehicles. The Company has a number of offices across 12 countries, including the US, the UK, and Hong Kong.
Key Partners
Oaktree Capital collaborates with a range of partners in relation to its investment and asset management services. These partners include:
- Supplier and Vendor Partners, comprising suppliers of tools, and technology, as well as companies to which certain non-technical administrative function can be outsourced;
- Distribution and Service Partners, comprising a range of financial companies and professionals, including agents, advisors, and brokers, which provide services in support of, or on behalf of, the Company; and
- Strategic and Joint Venture Partners, comprising a range of companies with which the Company collaborates on joint projects and investments, occasionally through mutually-owned entities. Oaktree Capital has recently launched and investment partnership with AGRO Merchants Group to invest in the cold chain industry, and a partnership with Array Technologies, to which it provides capital and strategic support.
Key Resources
Oaktree Capital’s key resources are its financial resources and capital, its technology and communications infrastructure, its service and distribution channels, its partnerships, and its specialist investment personnel. Oaktree Capital owns and leases a number of properties, including an international network of 17 offices.
Cost Structure
Oaktree Capital incurs costs in relation to the management of its investments, the payment of professional fees to various agents and third-parties, the management and development of its online client portal, the maintenance of its communications and technology infrastructure, the operation of its service and distribution channels, the management of its partnerships, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2015 Oaktree Capital accrued total expenses in the amount of $940.91 million. The Company’s largest cost came in the form of compensation and benefits paid to its international workforce of 924 employees – including 235 employee-owners – which totaled $404.44 million. The Company also incurred substantial general and administrative costs – which includes costs related to includes costs related to occupancy, and the contracting of outside auditors, tax professionals, legal advisers, research, consultants, communications and information services – which amounted to $120.78 million for the year.
Revenue Streams
Oaktree Capital generates revenue through the provision of asset management, investment, and advisory services to a range of commercial, institutional, and individual clients. The Company’s revenue is derived specifically from the collection of management fees and incentive income generated by the funds that it manages, as well as investment income earned from the investments it makes through its funds, third-party funds and other companies.
In 2015 Oaktree Capital generated annual revenue of $201.91 million, up on the $193.89 million recorded by the Company the previous year. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from its collection of management fees, which in 2015 totaled $753.81 million. This was followed by incentive income, which amounted to $263.81 million, with investment income accounting for $48.25 million in revenue.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
The new Abby Abernathy is a good girl. She doesn’t drink or swear, and she has the appropriate number of cardigans in her wardrobe. Abby believes she has enough distance from the darkness of her past, but when she arrives at college with her best friend, her path to a new beginning is quickly challenged by Eastern University's Walking One-Night Stand. Travis Maddox, lean, cut, and covered in tattoos, is exactly what Abby needs—and wants—to avoid. He spends his nights winning money in a floating fight ring, and his days as the ultimate college campus charmer. Intrigued by Abby’s resistance to his appeal, Travis tricks her into his daily life with a simple bet. If he loses, he must remain abstinent for a month. If Abby loses, she must live in Travis’s apartment for the same amount of time. Either way, Travis has no idea that he has met his match
They say your first kiss should be earned. Mine was stolen by a devil in a masquerade mask under the black Chicago sky. They say the vows you take on your wedding day are sacred. Mine were broken before we left church. They say your heart only beats for one man. Mine split and bled for two rivals who fought for it until the bitter end. I was promised to Angelo Bandini, the heir to one of the most powerful families in the Chicago Outfit. Then taken by Senator Wolfe Keaton, who held my father’s sins over his head to force me into marriage. They say that all great love stories have a happy ending. I, Francesca Rossi, found myself erasing and rewriting mine until the very last chapter. One kiss. Two men. Three lives. Entwined together. And somewhere between these two men, I had to find my forever..
Investigator Gabe Chavez and Dive Team Captain Anissa Bell have a complicated history. But when Anissa's fractured past collides with Gabe's investigation of a shooting, they must work together to catch the murderer before someone else dies.
Gabriella has never forgiven her former fiancé, homicide detective Eli Cavazos, for breaking her heart. Then a man she’s never met shows up at her restaurant, a bullet in his chest and her brother’s name on his lips. Gabby soon realizes this man is connected to a powerful ring of criminals who know far too much about her. Against her better judgment, Gabby turns to Eli for help in finding her brother. When she receives a cryptic text from her brother’s cell phone, she realizes she is in deep and may be dragging Eli down with her. With her brother nowhere to be found and pain from her past threatening to overwhelm her, Gabby wonders how she will make it through this unexpected quest unscathed—or alive. Taking us into the heat of Laredo, Texas, the secrets of a gun-smuggling ring, and the tensions on both sides of the border, Over the Line will keep you guessing until the last page. .
A standalone, romantic thriller novel where obsession is the name of the game. Recruited to the FBI Cas Mathews has one focus - catch the killer. That's until officer Alta Johnson shoves her way on to the team, making him fantasize about the delicious curves she hides beneath her park ranger uniform. Alta’s natural beauty catches his immediate attention, but the strength behind her fierce gaze is what holds him captive - demanding he learns more about her. As the team grows close, the serial killer shifts focus putting them all in danger. Cas should walk away before their sizzling attraction distracts him and gets them both killed. But as the threat pushes Cas and Alta closer, the temptation turns too hot for either to resist. With their focus diverted the threat zeroes in, catching everyone off guard. Figuring out the players in the killer's cat and mouse game is key to Alta’s survival. Cas swore he would protect her but with the clues carefully hidden, can he figure it out before Alta disappears for good? !
All's faire in love and war for two sworn enemies who indulge in a harmless flirtation in a laugh-out-loud rom-com from debut author, Jen DeLuca. Emily knew there would be strings attached when she relocated to the small town of Willow Creek, Maryland, for the summer to help her sister recover from an accident, but who could anticipate getting roped into volunteering for the local Renaissance Faire alongside her teenaged niece? Or that the irritating and inscrutable schoolteacher in charge of the volunteers would be so annoying that she finds it impossible to stop thinking about him? The faire is Simon's family legacy and from the start he makes clear he doesn't have time for Emily's lighthearted approach to life, her oddball Shakespeare conspiracy theories, or her endless suggestions for new acts to shake things up. Yet on the faire grounds he becomes a different person, flirting freely with Emily when she's in her revealing wench's costume. But is this attraction real, or just part of the characters they're portraying? This summer was only ever supposed to be a pit stop on the way to somewhere else for Emily, but soon she can't seem to shake the fantasy of establishing something more with Simon, or a permanent home of her own in Willow Creek.


--- title: About description: We've built an amazing team of developers, marketers, designers and sales people. image: /images/astronaut.png --- About me My passions are creating technology and engaging with people. {% for person in site.staff_members %} {{ person.name }} {{ person.position }} {{ person.bio }} {% endfor %} Publications {% for pub in site.publications reversed %} {{ pub.title }} {{ pub.authors }} {{ pub.conference }} {% endfor %}
My passions are creating technology and engaging with people.


Start by defining a function called transformer, the function will be called once and be run in a Web Worker so it will not block the UI, keeping it responsive.
Transformer will have the following parameters:
files
The uploaded file(s), a FileList instance,
which consists of File instance. You can read the File manually if you are not using auto parse, using the FileReader API
contents
Array of parsed data, empty array [] if you didn't choose to auto parse and for files that cannot be parsed,
will have null as the content. The parsed data matches the file in FileList by index.
Result
Class to create a new result file for the user to download, it is available inside the transformer function.
new Result(filename, contenttype)
Create a result file, it will auto detect the file type based on the file extension, however
you can also force the content type new Result('r.json', 'txt'), it supports 'csv', 'json', 'txt'.
As you create multiple Result instances, it will show on the result table in Mode > Ready
result.append(item, progress)
Appends the data to the result file, only use this with arrays.
This will activate a progress indicator. Use this if the data is a REALLY large array (as in 300MB and above)
To show progress, pass the progress parameter ranging from 0 to 1, as such: result.append(item, i / items.length). Passing the value 1 will automatically close the file.
result.set(result)
Sets the content of the file at once and then close the file.
About
OPTIMUS is an open source transformation tool using unopico API.
By leveraging unopico's API, the file transformation logic can be persisted, so developers can write the
logic in javascript, and share. This way, other people can upload their own files to run against the persisted
transformation logic.
OPTIMUS leverages Web Workers and other techniques to enable parsing of large files (up to several hundred megabytes).
This tool is free to use and pull requests are welcomed here:
OPTIMUS
None of the data touches the server, all of the processing is done on your own browser.
For developers, to get started, click the Edit Mode
Users
Drag and drop the file or files, you would like to process.
Developers
Go to Mode > Edit to create the transformation logic. There are tooltips sprinkled all over the Edit mode to guide
you through the process and what it is capable of.


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---
layout: post
title: The best description of Functional Programming
date: '2009-09-18T17:49:00.000-07:00'
author: daryoush
tags:
modified_time: '2009-09-18T17:51:51.078-07:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5623577383635787454.post-7319983170077645819
blogger_orig_url: http://onfp.blogspot.com/2009/09/best-description-of-functional.html
---
The posting for PhD student position in Ultrech University in Holland seem to have the best description of functional programming I have seen:
Lambda-calculus and term rewriting are models of computation lying at the basis of functional programming languages. Both possess syntactic meta-theories based on analyzing rewrite steps.


Random Algorithm: MT19937 ___________ / | | \
| 0 | 0 | 0 |==3
\___|___|___/
web by Sun Smallwhite
Notes
1. MT19937: Mersenne Twister based on the Mersenne prime 219937-1.
It is an uniformly distributed pseudo-random number generator.
2. Random Seed = Milliseconds from 1970-01-01 00:00 UTC to now
3. Random-js (https://github.com/ckknight/random-js) is used here. Thank Cameron Knight.


Trump Administration Won’t List Spotted Owl as Endangered
by MATTHEW RENDA(CN) – The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced Thursday it will not list the California spotted owl as an endangered species.
“Through consultation with experts, reviewing site surveys and examining scientific literature, the Service determined that California spotted owls continue to inhabit their historic range, and the species is not in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, nor is it likely to become so in the foreseeable future,” the agency said in a release issued Thursday.
The announcement drew the ire of conservation organizations that continue to insist the bird of prey’s population is dwindling due to habitat destruction in the forests of Northern California and the Pacific Northwest.
“We’re disappointed that the Trump administration is allowing these special birds to continue to be threatened by logging, fire and development,” said Patrick Sullivan with the Center for Biological Diversity. “We’re evaluating this terrible decision to see if a legal challenge is appropriate.”
The spotted owl is currently listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Its original listing as such in the 1990s remains a watershed moment in the environmental movement, as conservationists used the threatened listing as a means to attack timber projects throughout California, Oregon and Washington.
The spotted owl, a nocturnal, sit-and-wait predator, feeds on its prey by swooping out of trees at night, taking small mammals and smaller birds by surprise.
It doesn’t build nests. Instead, the owl uses holes made in trees or deadwood or inhabiting nests abandoned by other predatory birds. Owls frequently use the same nests for generations.
For this reason, old-growth forests dominated by Douglas fir and western hemlock provide habitat vital to its survival. These are the same forests coveted by the timber industry, putting environmentalists and the industry at odds.
Since the 1990s, the timber industry has had to account for how it will protect the spotted owl in its harvest plans, meaning several of its projects have been denied by various public agencies for risk of further endangering the threatened bird.
Some in the timber industry blame the bird’s threatened status for the decline of the industry throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. The fight fomented a backlash against the Endangered Species Act among industry leaders and has led to fears that the battle over habitat for the western sage grouse could similarly constrain companies who rely on natural resource extraction throughout the American West.
Environmentalists say the principle of biological diversity is the more important consideration.
As it relates to the spotted owl, most studies agree that its population is in decline and habitat degradation is the primary reason.
Nevertheless, in recent years, some biologists have broke with the consensus and said the spotted owl’s population decline is a result of being outcompeted by the barred owl, which is more aggressive and more adaptable to a range of forest types.
In a controversial program, federal officials have begun to shoot barred owls throughout the Pacific Northwest, prompting questions about the extent of human intervention in intraspecies competition.
Copyright © 2019 courthousenews.com


Vancouverites among winners of Indigenous Youth Excellence in Sport awards
Vancouver Courier
by Vancouver CourierTwo Vancouver athletes were among six in the region this week honoured in the 2019 Premier’s Awards for Indigenous Youth Excellence in Sport.
The awards were handed out Monday night in a formal celebration at the Musqueam Community Centre in Vancouver. The Indigenous Sport and Physical Activity and Recreation Council (I·SPARC) handed out the awards to a total of 36 athletes in six regions — Fraser, Interior, Northeast, Northwest, Vancouver Coastal and Vancouver Island.
“Congratulations to each of the 36 talented athletes selected as regional award recipients this year,” Lisa Beare, minister of tourism, arts and culture, said in a press release. “Your extraordinary achievements in sport and school and as community leaders are an inspiration to everyone in B.C. I wish you the very best as you continue to strive for greatness in athletics and beyond.”
The Vancouver Coastal region winners include:
- Kieran McKay, 19, lacrosse, Michel Band (Vancouver)
- Madison Fowler, 17, softball, soccer, ultimate, Xaxli’p First Nation (New Westminster)
- Jaiden Terry, 16, lacrosse, Tsal’alh First Nation (Vancouver)
- Shana George, 16, soccer, Squamish Nation (West Vancouver)
- Michael Billy Jr., 19, dugout canoe, Squamish Nation (North Vancouver)
- Kayla Munro, 17, hockey, softball, Métis (North Vancouver)
“Our region has gathered to recognize six incredible youth leaders,” said Courtenay Gibson, Vancouver Coastal regional leader for I·SPARC. “Tonight, we honour not only their athletic achievements, but their character, spirit and leadership and look forward to their continued success and dedication to their communities and the sports they love.”
The regional award recipients automatically serve as nominees for the provincial awards, which are selected in early 2020. Ten provincial recipients will be awarded at the Gathering Our Voices opening ceremony in Kamloops on March 16 and will go on display in at the B.C. Sports Hall of Fame.


Welcome To TimeStore 2
We Have Added The Default Repo For You.

Thank You To @MojoInstaller For The Design, Repositories, notifications and Packages!
- User Repos


--- title: Trying out gganimate author: Walter Muskovic date: '2021-01-23' slug: trying-out-gganimate categories: [] tags: - gganimate - ggplot - scRNA-seq ---
I keep putting off trying out the gganimate R package, but today’s the day. To make it more fun, rather than use the iris dataset as they’ve done in the package vignette, we’ll simulate some single cell RNA-seq data using the excellent Splatter R package.
library(splatter) # simulate scRNA-seq data
library(scater) # use the logNormCounts() function from here
library(Seurat) # manipulating the scRNA-seq data
library(tidyverse) # data wrangling
library(gganimate) # fancy plots
I’ll simulate 400 cells transitioning along a continuous differentiation trajectory with four paths, each cell having an equal probability of belonging to each. I’ve become more familiar with the structure of Seurat objects for handling single cell data, so along the way we’ll convert the SingleCellExperiment
object to a Seurat
object before identifying variable features and running PCA.
# Simulate data
params.groups <- newSplatParams(batchCells = 400,
nGenes = 800)
sim1 <- splatSimulatePaths(params.groups,
path.nSteps = 10,
group.prob = rep(0.25, 4),
de.prob = 0.5,
de.facLoc = 0.2,
path.from = c(0, 1, 2, 3)) %>%
logNormCounts() %>%
as.Seurat() %>%
FindVariableFeatures() %>%
ScaleData() %>%
RunPCA()
Peek at the metadata:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>## Cell Batch Group ExpLibSize Step sizeFactor
## Cell1 Cell1 Batch1 Path4 74225.82 2 1.2209645
## Cell2 Cell2 Batch1 Path3 63802.26 6 1.0352153
## Cell3 Cell3 Batch1 Path2 76739.30 2 1.2754246
## Cell4 Cell4 Batch1 Path3 46640.71 8 0.7478661
## Cell5 Cell5 Batch1 Path3 58112.13 6 0.9680266
## Cell6 Cell6 Batch1 Path3 57435.94 6 0.9348244
Splatter approximates a continuous trajectory by simulating a series of steps between groups. We specified four groups and 10 steps per group. Let’s add a new variable to approximate time:
# Get group info as numeric (integer between 1-4) then multiply by ten
sim1$Time <- as.numeric(str_remove_all(sim1$Group, "Path"))*10
# Add step info (integer between 1-10)
sim1$Time <- sim1$Time + sim1$Step
# start from zero not ten
sim1$Time <- sim1$Time - 10
Create some static PCA plots highlighting the Time
variable we created and the paths and steps.
# Plot group (paths), steps and our new Time variable using two of Seurat's built in
# plot functions; DimPlot() and Featureplot()
DimPlot(sim1, group.by = "Group")
FeaturePlot(sim1, "Step") + scale_color_viridis_c()
FeaturePlot(sim1, "Time") + scale_color_viridis_c()
Now we’ll use the Time
variable to animate the plot. We use the shadow_mark
argument to keep track of the path of the cells so that they don’t just disappear from frame to frame.
# Pull data for plotting
plt.data <-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Embeddings(sim1)[, 1:2])
# Create a static plot
p <- ggplot(plt.data, aes(x = PC_1, y = PC_2, col = Time)) +
geom_point() +
scale_colour_viridis_c()
# Add some animation
anim <- p +
transition_states(Time,
transition_length = 2,
state_length = 1) +
ggtitle('Time: {closest_state}') +
shadow_mark(alpha = 0.5, size = 0.7)
animate(anim)
I think the colour in the static plot does the job of conveying the trajectory of the cells through time and adding animation doesn’t contribute much. But it was good to try out gganimate
anyway and discover that the grammar makes it easy to add animation to normal ggplots. Now I’ve finally tried it out I can keep an eye out for future datasets where it might come in handy. Also first post!!! :tada: :tada:


This is a statically served page. Anything you put in the static directory of your project will end up right here.


AFTER LIFE (WANDAFURU RAIFU) (Artistic License) Starring: Arata, Erika Oda, Taketoshi Naito, Susumu Terajima. Screenplay: Hirokazu Koreeda. Producers: Masayuki Akieda and Shiho Sato. Director: Hirokazu Koreeda. MPAA Rating: Unrated (adult themes) Running Time: 118 minutes. In Japanese with English subtitles. Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
Hirokazu Koreeda's AFTER LIFE is a film that stirs the imagination instantly -- which is fortunate, because the overflow of good will has to carry through an ill-conceived conclusion. The provocative premise combines the post-mortem bureaucracy of DEFENDING YOUR LIFE with a conversation from CITY SLICKERS about the best days of one's life. In a sort of celestial way-station, the recently departed are asked to identify the best memory of their lives, the moment in which they were happiest and most content. After interviews with case workers, those memories are turned into films, which will accompany the deceased as their sole memory into the next world.
The first half of AFTER LIFE sticks close to the interviews, drawn by Koreeda from real conversations (in fact, several of the interviewees are non-professionals relating actual events from their own lives). The memories about which they speak are intriguing enough in their own right -- some with tales about childhood innocence, others with accounts of adult adventures -- to spark reflections by viewers about their own favored recollections. More intriguing still is AFTER LIFE's exploration of the nature of memory as a combination of things as they were and things as we wish they could have been. One woman, a former prostitute, recalls a blissful encounter with a man in a hotel, until she reluctantly acknowledges that the man never showed up. Even the conceit of creating a film version of an imperfect memory -- rather than using the archived videotapes of people's lives available to the case workers -- emphasizes the power of filtered, romanticized remembrance.
For over an hour, AFTER LIFE delights with reflections on what we remember and how we remember it, letting the steady stream of interviews flow over the loose narrative structure.  The focus shifts from the scope of human experience to one case worker, Mochizuki (Arata), working with one recent arrival, 70-year-old Mr. Watanabe (Taketoshi Naito). In the course of helping Watanabe -- who considers his life so mundane that there's not a moment worth remembering -- Mochizuki struggles with unresolved issues from his own life. There's also Mochizuki's apprentice/assistant Shiori (Erika Oda), who has romantic feelings for Mochizuki and wanders wistfully through the streets of Tokyo taking snapshots. After spending most of the film as effective supporting players, the Rosencrantzes and Guildensterns of AFTER LIFE cold-cock this "Hamlet" and make it all about them.
There's nothing inherently wrong with a movie about the longings of otherworldly guides, unless you count the fact that it's already been done a few times. But AFTER LIFE shouldn't have been one of those movies, since it already had so much going for it as meditation on transcendent life experiences. There's a strange appeal to the production's heaven-as-low-budget-independent-film-set look, and plenty more appeal to the tales of the deceased. It's hard not to suspect that AFTER LIFE would have made an extraordinary documentary, since Koreeda's steady, concentrated medium shots of the characters describing their memories are so effective. Maybe then Koreeda wouldn't have been tempted to leave the strengths of his film -- which are plenty strong -- for the supernatural melodrama of long-lost loves. In my memory, this one will linger as a good film that could have been great.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 flings of desire: 7.
Visit Scott Renshaw's Screening Room http://www.inconnect.com/~renshaw/ *** Subscribe to receive new reviews directly by email! See the Screening Room for details, or reply to this message with subject "Subscribe".
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DfE enquiries
Central newsdesk 020 7783 8300
General enquiries 0370 000 2288
Press release
Transformation of post-16 education with thousands of courses to be replaced with 15 straightforward routes into skilled employment.
Thousands of ineffective courses that short-change employers and young people will be replaced with 15 straightforward routes into technical employment creating a more skilled workforce fit for modern Britain.
Currently young people considering a technical education must choose between more than 20,000 courses provided by 160 different organisations with no clear indicator of which course will give them the best chance of landing a job.
A report into technical education by an independent panel, chaired by Lord Sainsbury, has recommended simplifying the current system so technical education is provided through 15 high-quality routes, with standards being set by employers.
In response, Skills Minister Nick Boles has today (8 July 2016) published the ‘ Post-16 skills plan ’, accepting every one of Lord Sainsbury’s recommendations, while setting out the government’s innovative vision for the future of technical education.
Mr Boles called on employers and training providers to embrace the exciting plans and help turn the country’s highly able young people into the most skilled workforce in the world.
Skills Minister Nick Boles said:
Britain has all the ingredients needed to compete with other skilled nations, but we must create a technical education system that can harness that talent.
This cannot be the government’s job alone; we must work with employers and post-16 providers to unlock the potential in this country.
The skills plan is the next step towards that goal, building on the progress we have already made by investing in apprenticeships, and creating a skilled workforce that is the envy of every other nation. This won’t just help our young people get the best jobs but it will also boost our economy, benefiting us all.
The skills plan sets out to create a highly skilled nation where no child, regardless of their background or circumstances, will be let down by the education or training they receive.
Following its inquiry, Lord Sainsbury’s panel found the current technical education system to be confusing and unclear, leaving students with a dizzying choice of qualifications. For example a budding engineer must choose from a possible 501 courses.
Andreas Schleicher, Director for Education and Skills, and Special Adviser on Education Policy to the Secretary-General at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, said:
Modernising apprenticeships has been on the policy agenda for some time already, but now the UK has a promising plan to advance technical education from a last resort to a first choice. Bringing training in line with the needs of the economy will be key to drive up productivity and prosperity.
The skills plan proposes a new system where students who have finished their GCSEs will be able to choose from up to 15 routes providing a clear path to skilled employment. Crucially the content for those routes and the accompanying standards will be set by an employer-led body.
Each route, such as health and science, construction, social care or engineering and manufacturing, will take place either at a college and include a work placement or through apprenticeships. The first routes will be made available from 2019.
All technical routes will build in English, maths and digital skills, according to employers’ needs, and will set standards of excellence that are every bit as demanding as A levels .
Mike Putnam, President and CEO of employer Skanska UK, said:
If we are to deliver the many exciting building and infrastructure projects that lie ahead, it is essential that we create the best possible platform to enable young people to enter the industry through clear and varied educational routes.
We are keen to support efforts which increase the accessibility of opportunities to people from all backgrounds - helping to develop a more diverse and inclusive industry.
The skills plan provides an excellent opportunity to position academic and technical qualifications on an equal footing, which can only help to encourage new people into construction.
Under the reforms students will be able to move easily between technical and academic options. Those who are not ready to start an academic or technical option at the age of 16 will be able to opt for a specifically tailored, fully funded ‘transition year’ to equip themselves with the right knowledge and skills needed to move forward in their education. These routes will also be made available to adults wanting to get back into education.
The new system will put employers in the driving seat, enabling them to set out the skills they value and need the most. This will be facilitated by employer panel discussions, which will shape programmes of study and set out universally agreed standards for each technical route, administered by the new independent Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education.
Martin Doel, Chief Executive of the Association of Colleges ( AoC ), said:
Technical education has for too long been regarded as a poor cousin of academic study. The government’s post-16 skills plan provides a welcome roadmap to redressing this long-standing anomaly. The plan rightly sees colleges being at the heart of the reforms with the new qualifications providing them with a cornerstone to build distinctive courses that meet the needs of employers, students and the economy.
There is still much detail to be worked through, however, and we look forward to working with the government and the new Institute of Apprenticeships and Technical Education to develop the new system most effectively.
A skilled workforce engendered by engaged employers and supported by colleges will be the backbone of this country’s future economic success.
The reforms apply to technical education in England and devolved administrations have been made aware of the plan.
Lisa O’Loughlin, Principal at Manchester College, said:
Here at Manchester College we work to give all our learners the best pathway for their career ambitions and that’s why the skills plan fits in with our ethos.
National standards for technical education will bring greater clarity across the system for learners, employers, and for career guidance which will benefit young people across the country. It’s great to see an emphasis on high-quality work placements while students are still studying.
Sir Frank McCloughlin, Principal of City and Islington College and Chair of the Commission on Adult and Vocational Teaching and Learning ( CAVTL ), said:
The work we did through CAVTL helped to raise the profile and importance of technical education. Real progress has been made in recent years but there is still work to do.
This post-16 skills plan will be a driving force in defining routes to higher-level technical education and training and building ever stronger partnerships between providers and employers.
Simon Blagden, Chairman at employer Fujitsu UK, said:
Placing employers at the heart of developing standards will be key to successfully aligning college and work-based training. When it is bedded in, this approach will have considerable potential to benefit both colleges and employers.
Professor Sir John Holman, President of the Royal Society of Chemistry, said:
I welcome this report, which will bring a clear and systematic approach to the complex field of technical education.
It will make the available routes much easier for both students and employers to understand, and will make technical education more responsive to the skills need of employers.
I look forward to discussing how professional bodies like the Royal Society of Chemistry can support well-defined routes to skilled scientific occupations.
Karen Spencer, Principal at Harlow College, said:
As colleges we are not just about courses, we are about careers - we therefore believe that any reform that brings us closer to employers mean our students gain higher skills and better jobs. The reforms will take some time to bed in, but we see tremendous opportunity and are ready for the challenge.
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Published: 8 July 2016


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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # STA 235 - Week 10: Highlight Session ## Spring 2021 ### McCombs School of Business, UT Austin ---  # Today .pull-left[ - Istrumental Variables - Bias vs Variance - Validation sets and Cross-validation ] .pull-right[ ![](https://media.giphy.com/media/3o6Zt8JVG0K3BqXMCA/giphy.gif) ] --- background-position: 50% 50% class: left, bottom, inverse .big[ Highlights #1: IV ] --- # Instrumental Variables: How do they work? Treatment variable `\(D\)` is **.darkorange[endogenous]** (i.e. affected by a confounder `\(U\)`).

 .center[ ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maibennett/sta235/main/exampleSite/content/Classes/Week10/Highlights/images/iv1.png) ] --- # Instrumental Variables: How do they work? Instrumental variable `\(Z\)` helps us separate `\(D\)` into an **.darkorange[endogenous]** part (Den, affected by confunder `\(U\)`) and an **.darkorange[exogenous]** part (Dex, not affected by `\(U\)`).

 .center[ ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maibennett/sta235/main/exampleSite/content/Classes/Week10/Highlights/images/iv2.png) ] --- # Instrumental Variables: Relevance condition The **.darkorange[instrument]** needs to be **.darkorange[correlated]** with the **.darkorange[treatment]** (e.g. needs to "move" it) .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maibennett/sta235/main/exampleSite/content/Classes/Week10/Highlights/images/iv3.png) ] --- # Instrumental Variables: Exclusion condition The **.darkorange[instrument]** can only affect the outcome **.darkorange[through the treatment]** (i.e. can't affect it directly or through another path). .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maibennett/sta235/main/exampleSite/content/Classes/Week10/Highlights/images/iv4.png) ] --- # Instrumental Variables: Exogeneity condition The **.darkorange[instrument]** can't be affected by a **.darkorange[confounder]**. .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maibennett/sta235/main/exampleSite/content/Classes/Week10/Highlights/images/iv5.png) ] --- background-position: 50% 50% class: left, bottom, inverse .big[ Highlights #2: Bias vs. Variance ] --- # Bias vs. Variance - In prediction, we want models with **.darkorange[low bias]** AND **.darkorange[low variance]**. -- .box-2[Difficulty: Trade-off] -- - **.darkorange[Variance:]** I train a model `\(f\)` on a dataset `\(A\)`. How much will that model change if now I train it on dataset `\(B\)`? - If the model `\(f\)` picks up on every singularity of dataset `\(A\)`, it will change a lot! -- .box-4[More flexibility → more variance] --- # Bias vs. Variance - In prediction, we want models with **.darkorange[low bias]** AND **.darkorange[low variance]**. .box-2[Difficulty: Trade-off] -- - **.darkorange[Bias:]** Error term we get from simplifying reality with a model. - If the model `\(f\)` is too simple, bias will be large! -- .box-4[Less flexibility → more bias] --- background-position: 50% 50% class: left, bottom, inverse .big[ Highlights #3: Validation sets ] --- # Validation sets .box-7[All accuracy measures need to be done on unseen data!] -- - That's why we need to divide our data into **.darkorange[training]** (seen by the model) and **.darkorange[testing]** (unseen by the model) datasets. -- - **.darkorange[Cross-validation]**: Iterative process where in each iteration we use a different part of the data for testing. - The **.darkorange[main advantage]** is that we will be using ALL the data for testing and training, and not be subject to the random variability of a specific partition. --- background-position: 50% 50% class: center, middle .big[ Questions? ] ---


Configuration
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{% load i18n %} {% if payment_info %} {% if order.status == "p" %}
{% blocktrans trimmed %} This order has been paid via Stripe. {% endblocktrans %}
{% elif order.status == "r" %}{% blocktrans trimmed %} This order has been planned to be paid via Stripe and has been marked as refunded. {% endblocktrans %}
{% else %}{% blocktrans trimmed %} This order has been planned to be paid via Stripe, but the payment has not yet been completed. {% endblocktrans %}
{% endif %} {% if order.status == "p" %}{% blocktrans trimmed %} This order has been planned to be paid via Stripe, but the payment has not yet been completed. {% endblocktrans %}
{% endif %}


The following is a list of test dependencies for this project. These dependencies are only required to compile and run unit tests for the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| junit | junit | 4.12 | jar | Eclipse Public License 1.0 |
| org.mockito | mockito-core | 2.23.0 | jar | The MIT License |
| org.slf4j | slf4j-nop | 1.7.25 | jar | MIT License |
The following is a list of provided dependencies for this project. These dependencies are required to compile the application, but should be provided by default when using the library:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| com.google.guava | guava | 27.0-jre | jar | The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 |
| commons-codec | commons-codec | 1.11 | jar | Apache License, Version 2.0 |
| org.bouncycastle | bcprov-jdk15on | 1.60 | jar | Bouncy Castle Licence |
| org.opensaml | opensaml-security-api | 3.4.0 | jar | The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 |
| org.slf4j | slf4j-api | 1.7.25 | jar | MIT License |
The following is a list of transitive dependencies for this project. Transitive dependencies are the dependencies of the project dependencies.
The following is a list of test dependencies for this project. These dependencies are only required to compile and run unit tests for the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| net.bytebuddy | byte-buddy | 1.9.0 | jar | The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 |
| net.bytebuddy | byte-buddy-agent | 1.9.0 | jar | The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 |
| org.hamcrest | hamcrest-core | 1.3 | jar | New BSD License |
| org.objenesis | objenesis | 2.6 | jar | Apache 2 |
The following is a list of provided dependencies for this project. These dependencies are required to compile the application, but should be provided by default when using the library:
The Apache License, Version 2.0: Woodstox
The BSD License: Stax2 API
Apache 2.0: error-prone annotations
Eclipse Public License 1.0: JUnit
MIT License: SLF4J API Module, SLF4J NOP Binding
GNU Lesser General Public License: Cryptacular Library
New BSD License: Hamcrest Core
Bouncy Castle Licence: Bouncy Castle Provider
Apache 2: Cryptacular Library, Joda-Time, Objenesis
Apache License 2.0: Metrics Core
The MIT License: Checker Qual, mockito-core
Apache License, Version 2.0: Apache Commons Codec, Apache HttpClient, Apache HttpCore
MIT license: Animal Sniffer Annotations
The Apache Software License, Version 2.0: Apache XML Security for Java, Byte Buddy (without dependencies), Byte Buddy Java agent, FindBugs-jsr305, Guava InternalFutureFailureAccess and InternalFutures, Guava ListenableFuture only, Guava: Google Core Libraries for Java, J2ObjC Annotations, OpenSAML :: Core, OpenSAML :: Messaging API, OpenSAML :: Security API, Sweden Connect::OpenSAML PKCS11 extension library, java-support
| Filename | Size | Entries | Classes | Packages | Java Version | Debug Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| woodstox-core-5.0.3.jar | 512.7 kB | 238 | 205 | 16 | 1.6 | Yes |
| jsr305-3.0.2.jar | 19.9 kB | 46 | 35 | 3 | 1.5 | Yes |
| error_prone_annotations-2.2.0.jar | 13.7 kB | 34 | 22 | 2 | 1.7 | No |
| failureaccess-1.0.jar | 3.7 kB | 15 | 2 | 1 | 1.7 | Yes |
| guava-27.0-jre.jar | 2.7 MB | 1988 | 1957 | 19 | 1.8 | Yes |
| listenablefuture-9999.0-empty-to-avoid-conflict-with-guava.jar | 2.2 kB | 7 | 0 | 0 | - | No |
| j2objc-annotations-1.1.jar | 8.8 kB | 23 | 12 | 1 | 1.5 | Yes |
| commons-codec-1.11.jar | 335 kB | 243 | 96 | 7 | 1.6 | Yes |
| metrics-core-3.1.2.jar | 112.6 kB | 112 | 102 | 1 | 1.6 | Yes |
| joda-time-2.9.jar | 626 kB | 753 | 246 | 7 | 1.5 | Yes |
| junit-4.12.jar | 314.9 kB | 323 | 286 | 30 | 1.5 | Yes |
| byte-buddy-1.9.0.jar | 3.2 MB | 2288 | 2238 | 36 | 1.6 | Yes |
| byte-buddy-agent-1.9.0.jar | 43.2 kB | 41 | 30 | 1 | 1.5 | Yes |
| java-support-7.4.0.jar | 261.1 kB | 195 | 167 | 16 | 1.7 | Yes |
| httpclient-4.5.3.jar | 747.8 kB | 507 | 466 | 24 | 1.6 | Yes |
| httpcore-4.4.6.jar | 323.8 kB | 282 | 252 | 17 | 1.6 | Yes |
| xmlsec-2.0.10.jar | 1.1 MB | 772 | 673 | 47 | 1.6 | Yes |
| bcprov-jdk15on-1.60.jar | 4.2 MB | 3494 | 3330 | 149 | 1.5 | No |
| checker-qual-2.5.2.jar | 193.3 kB | 358 | 302 | 31 | 1.8 | Yes |
| animal-sniffer-annotations-1.17.jar | 3.4 kB | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1.7 | No |
| stax2-api-3.1.4.jar | 161.9 kB | 144 | 124 | 11 | 1.5 | Yes |
| cryptacular-1.1.3.jar | 158.9 kB | 151 | 129 | 14 | 1.7 | Yes |
| hamcrest-core-1.3.jar | 45 kB | 52 | 45 | 3 | 1.5 | Yes |
| mockito-core-2.23.0.jar | 565 kB | 613 | 542 | 64 | 1.6 | Yes |
| objenesis-2.6.jar | 55.7 kB | 59 | 43 | 10 | 1.6 | Yes |
| opensaml-core-3.4.0.jar | 182 kB | 160 | 127 | 13 | 1.7 | Yes |
| opensaml-messaging-api-3.4.0.jar | 56.2 kB | 81 | 55 | 17 | 1.7 | Yes |
| opensaml-security-api-3.4.0.jar | 67.1 kB | 70 | 52 | 9 | 1.7 | Yes |
| slf4j-api-1.7.25.jar | 41.2 kB | 46 | 34 | 4 | 1.5 | Yes |
| slf4j-nop-1.7.25.jar | 4 kB | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1.5 | Yes |
| Total | Size | Entries | Classes | Packages | Java Version | Debug Information |
| 30 | 16.1 MB | 13120 | 11576 | 555 | 1.8 | 26 |
| test: 7 | test: 4.2 MB | test: 3389 | test: 3187 | test: 145 | - | test: 7 |
| provided: 23 | provided: 11.9 MB | provided: 9731 | provided: 8389 | provided: 410 | - | provided: 19 |
Repository locations for each of the Dependencies.


{% extends 'layouts/layout-manage-access-v3b.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Manage your NHS login {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Below are the list of services that you have given access to other people
| Name | Service | Options |
|---|---|---|
| David Smith | NHS APP | Remove |
| - | eRedBook | Remove |
| John Smith | NHS App | Remove |
You can give access to another person that is connected to your NHS login. You can remove access at any time.


Hosea 11:3
I taught Ephraim also to go, taking them by their arms; but they knew not that I healed them.


WITNESS LIST Agriculture & Livestock Committee April 26, 2001-8:00A HB 1829 For: Block, David (Texas Farm Bureau) Hinks, Scott (Self and Hinks Farms, Inc.) Neeley, Karen (Independent Bankers Association of Texas)


This operation cannot be undone.
A reporter is used by the platform to report many types of event (e.g Audit logs).


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This page relates to the Introduction to Matlab course running at Cardiff School of Maths since 2016. Course notes and program files are currently available to download via the repository and will be updated as new material is added. Students are encouraged to download and edit the files as they see fit, but solutions should always be attempted first before peeking at the answers!
Contact Info:
- The main point of contact for all questions relating to this course will be Scott Morgan (MorganSN@cardiff.ac.uk). Support will be provided via the Maths Support service which runs 11am-1pm every day during term-time in M/0.37.
Timetable (2017/2018):
- To be confirmed.
Course Notes and Program Files:
- The notes for this course are available on github where you will find main.pdf in the docs/ directory. The Matlab program files which relate to the tasks in the notes are included in the programs/ directory. These programs have been tested on Matlab R2016a but should work on all other versions of Matlab. They should also work on GNU Octave, but this is untested.
Quick Links:
Course Tutors:
- Scott Morgan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Alex Mackay<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Danny Groves (GrovesD2@cardiff.ac.uk)


Fire razes Surulere Plaza - The Nation Newspaper
By Olatunde Odebiyi
The popular Surulere Plaza has been razed by an inferno that claimed property and valuables worth millions of naira. The sad event was said to have been triggered by an electrical power surge which started in a shop within the one-storey building and later spread to other parts of the building.
The Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA), Lagos State Fire Service, Nigerian Police Force, LNSC, the Federal Fire Service and were still battling the fire as of press time.
LASEMA Public Affairs Officer, Nosa Okunbor, stated that the Agency was battling to curtail a fire outbreak at a Mall in the Akerele area of Surulere. He said the fire gutted the upper floor of the one- storey building.
Read Also: Property destroyed as fire razes building in Onitsha
“The fire according to the outcome of preliminary investigations conducted at the site of the incident was said to have resulted from an electrical surge in one of the shops before escalating to other parts of the plaza.
“However, no life was lost, neither was any injury recorded so far at the scene where properties worth a fortune have been lost to the blaze. “
He said a combined team of LASEMA officials, Officers of the Nigerian Police Force, LNSC, the Federal and LASG Fire Services, were already on the ground trying to curtail the inferno from escalating to the adjoining buildings.


I'm a self-taught digital artist constantly learning new stuff trying to improve my skills everyday. I always love to try new things so I don't have consistency in style at all. I just started from June 2020.
The majority of drawings that I do is semi-realistic figure drawing/portraits. This includes fan arts or original works. I'm trying to work harder on background to create illustrations with more finished looking. I also work on character design occasionally.
I'm most active on twitter Welcome to talk to me on twitter if you want to :)


Our project, The Mentor Marketplace, is a versatile, crowd sourced forum, designed to address the current information gap in the world. By enlisting profiles of educated, qualified and credibile individuals we aim to create these "channels" of mentors in a friendly, collaborative style. Any one seeking information on a topic can come to our site, register, and subscribe to as many profiles as they wish, for a relatively small pocket fee. Additionally, our mentors can achieve a substantial income in exchange for sharing their insight and knowledge to large audeinces. This collaboration will achieve the facilitation of a large, versatile community of knowledge and truth!


See the `webpack.config.js` file for a demonstration of some configuration options.
More options can be found at https://webpack.js.org/configuration/


Want to try different fonts?
I am using Google fonts, which can easily be added to your page (instructions below).
If you want to give it a try, go to this site and choose your favorite font
https://fonts.google.com/
Go to
https://fonts.google.com/
Once you find the font you like, click on it
While viewing the details of the font, click "+select this font" at the right of the screen
Copy the code which is provided to your page to use that font
Done!
Note that you can select more than one font, and Google will provide you a single "link" import for all of them.
You can remove previously selected fonts using the panel at the right.
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Static Public Member Functions | |
| static NBProperties | getConfiguration () |
| static void | setup (long seed) |
| static void | setup (long seed, NBProperties configuration) |
| static Random | selectIndependentRandom (String name) |
| static void | runNs (long runtimeNanoseconds) |
| static void | runNs (long runtimeNanoseconds, long flowsFromStartToFinish) |
| static void | registerFlowFinished (long flowId) |
| static void | registerEvent (Event event) |
| static long | getTimeFromNow (long nanoseconds) |
| static long | getCurrentTime () |
| static int | getEventSize () |
| static void | reset () |
| static void | reset (boolean throwawayLogs) |
Private Member Functions | |
| Simulator () | |
Static Private Attributes | |
| static final long | PROGRESS_SHOW_INTERVAL_NS = 10000000L |
| static PriorityQueue< Event > | eventQueue = new PriorityQueue<>() |
| static long | now |
| static long | finishFlowIdThreshold |
| static final Set< Long > | finishedFlows = new HashSet<>() |
| static boolean | isSetup = false |
| static RandomManager | randomManager |
| static NBProperties | configuration |
The simulator is responsible for offering general services to all other interacting parts, such as configurations and current time management. It uses a deterministic priority queue to precisely execute event after event.
|
private |
|
static |
Retrieve the configuration.
This contains two categories.
(A) Solely data about a specific run, e.g. topology, run time, link type, protocol, etc.
(B) Settings for the internal workings, e.g. TCP retransmission time-out, flowlet gap, and model parameters in general.
|
static |
Retrieve the current time in nanoseconds since simulation start.
|
static |
Retrieve the amount of events currently in the event queue.
|
static |
Retrieve the current time plus the amount of nanoseconds specified. This is used to plan events in the future.
| nanoseconds | Amount of nanoseconds from now |
|
static |
Register an event in the simulation.
| event | Event instance |
|
static |
Register to the simulator that a flow has been finished.
| flowId | Flow identifier |
|
static |
Clean up everything of the simulation.
|
static |
Clean up everything of the simulation.
| throwawayLogs | True iff the logs should be thrown out |
|
static |
Run the simulator for the specified amount of time.
| runtimeNanoseconds | Running time in ns |
|
static |
Run the simulator for at most the specified amount of time, or until the first N flows have been finished.
| runtimeNanoseconds | Running time in ns |
| flowsFromStartToFinish | Number of flows from start to finish (e.g. 40000 will make the simulation run until all flows with identifier < 40000 to finish, or until the runtime is exceeded) |
|
static |
Create a random number generator which guarantees the same sequence when the same universal seed is fed in setup().
This is used when a section wants to be independent of whatever configuration has come before it that may have used the universal random number generator. An example is the flow generation.
| name | Name of the independent random number generator |
|
static |
Setup the simulator with only a seed, leaving out a run configuration specification.
| seed | Random seed (set 0 for random) |
|
static |
Setup the simulator by giving random seed. Completely resets the simulation by clearing the event queue and resetting the simulation epoch to zero. Also, loads in the default internal configuration.
| seed | Random seed (set 0 for random) |
| configuration | Configuration instance (set null if there is no configuration (an empty one), e.g. in tests) |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |
|
staticprivate |


Type Alias
StoreProjection
An app should have a single real Store, holding a single source-of-truth. However, we can “derive” this store to small subsets, called store projections, that will handle either a smaller part of the state or action tree, or even a completely different type of actions and states as long as we can map back-and-forth to the original store types. It won’t store anything, only project the original store. For example, a View can define a completely custom View State and View Action, and we can create a
StoreProjection
that works on these types, as long as it’s backed by a real store which State and Action types can be mapped somehow to the View State and View Action types. The Store Projection will take care of translating these entities.
Declaration
typealias StoreProjection<ViewAction, ViewState> = AnyStoreType<ViewAction, ViewState>


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Callback<M> |
Callback is an interface that allows AsyncTasks to call functions from the
main thread after the async task is finished.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AddBodyPhotoTask |
AddBodyPhotoTask asynchronously adds a bodyphoto to the database
|
| AddCommentTask |
AddCommentTask adds a comment asynchronously on another thread
and will return the result status: success or error
|
| AddPatientTask |
AddPatientTask takes in two parameters, the Patient's e-mail and whether or not we are
adding the Patient by importing a Contact or not
If the given username is not a registered user, task returns false onCompletion
Otherwise, the Patient's ID is added to the Care Provider's list of Patients and vice versa.
|
| AddProblemTask |
AddProblemTask is an AsyncTask that sends a POST request to our
database with the new problem data.
|
| AddRecordPhotoTask |
Asynchronously adds a single Record Photo to elasticsearch DB.
|
| AddRecordTask |
AddRecordTask is an async task that will dispatch
when the user submits a new record and the task
will add it to the database returning its id
|
| AddTransferCodeTask |
AddTransferCodeTask takes in a code (automatically generated) and makes an entry for it in the
index that has type 'code' within Elasticsearch
Returns true if adding the code is a success, false otherwise
|
| BulkUpdateTask |
Periodically checks internet connection, and bulk updates models that have changed
when internet connection detected.
|
| CacheBodyPhotoTask |
CacheBodyPhotoTask will run in the background to save body photos
in the apps internal storage for quicker loading of images on
BodyPhotoListActivity
|
| DeleteBodyPhotoTask |
Deletes a single Body Photo from elasticsearch and disk
|
| DeleteProblemTask |
DeleteProblemTask asynchronously deletes a problem from the database
|
| DeleteRecordPhotoTask |
Deletes a single Record Photo from elasticsearch
|
| DeleteRecordTask | |
| DeleteTransferCodeTask |
DeleteTransferCodeTask first checks if the given code exists in the DB, and if it is,
deletes it (the code is now used) and returns the username for the transferring user to
successfully log them in
|
| EditProblemTask |
EditProblemTask is an AsyncTask that sends a POST request to our
database with the edited problem data.
|
| EditProfileTask |
Task that is used to update the given username's email and phone number to the newly given
email and phone number
|
| EditRecordTask |
Tries to update specified Record in elasticsearch using its ID.
|
| GetBodyPhotoTask |
GetBodyPhotoTask will asynchronously retrieve body photos that
are related to the user.
|
| GetPatientListByContactTask |
Takes in a List of Contacts and returns a List of Patients who either have a phone number or
e-mail registered in the app that is also part of the Contacts list
|
| GetPatientListTask |
GetPatientListTask is responsible for taking in a careProviderId and returning a List of Patients
representing all Patients that Care Provider has registered.
|
| GetProblemListTask |
GetProblemListTask is a function that asynchronously retrieves data from
our Elasticsearch database.
|
| GetProblemTask |
GetProblemTask asynchronously gets a problem from the database
first it queries the primitive fields of a problem.
|
| GetProblemTask.GetCommentTask |
GetCommentTask is a nested AsyncTask that will run
concurrently with GetProblemTask to speed up our process
in retrieving data for a problem.
|
| GetRecordListTask |
Asynchronously searches ElasticSearch DB to ultimately make a RecordList
|
| GetRecordPhotosTask |
GetRecordPhotosTask queries the record photos associated to the problem
|
| GetRecordPhotoTask |
GetRecordPhotoTask queries the record photos associated to the record
|
| GetRecordTask |
GetRecordTask is an async task that fetches a Record model
from the database given a record id
|
| GetTransferCodeTask |
GetTransferCodeTask returns the transfer code for the given user if it already exists,
null otherwise
|
| GetUserDataTask |
Asynchronously gets all of a User's data.
|
| LoginTask | |
| RegisterTask |
RegisterTask is an AsyncTask that asynchronously registers the given user into the
database.
|
| SearchBodyLocationTask |
SearchBodyLocationTask searches the database for problems/records related to a
bodyphoto with a label given
|
| SearchGeoLocationTask |
SearchGeoLocationTask searches for Records and their associated Problems with a given
latitude,longitude input
|
| SearchKeywordTask<M> |
SearchKeywordTask searches problems and records based on the keywords given
|
| SearchProblemsByRecordsTask |
SearchProblemsByRecordsTask gets a list of records and will return
a list of all problems associated with the records
|
| SleepTask |


charts.cointrader.pro allows you to make TradingView charts of all possible cryptocurrencies for free.
dokrates23-Apr-19 08:06 AM
very nice @Acura
KomodoWorld23-Apr-19 08:36 AM
@Deleted User to be fair I can't find any indication that Cosmos requires validators to be companies, from all docs I've read it's open to anyone as long as they have the funds, the infrastructure and get voted in (within the total limit of 100 validators)
jl777c23-Apr-19 08:38 AM
once voted in, always in?
KomodoWorld23-Apr-19 08:38 AM
it PoS, so it's possible it will become an oligarchy
the 'zones' that is the equivalent of komodo assetchains, have their own rules and validators, but they seems strongly bounded to the main Cosmos hub, not the same independence you find in Komodo
I think we'll see the same pattern seen previously: trying lock-in and to extract a rent from projects built on it, once they grow beyond a certain value
play careful still below 6k is dangerous we could consolidate a bit inside that #triangling, if its breaks then all bets are off....
Markus23-Apr-19 08:47 AM
market acting exactly like previous bear market
last bear market we reached 50 ma weekly and got rejected at that point and also had a golden cross in same moment, after that we had a 30% correction
lets see if the correction part happens same way aswell
jl777c23-Apr-19 08:49 AM
its almost as if whales are painting the charts to exactly what they want you to see...
Malti23-Apr-19 08:56 AM
if whales want to make us see a bear pattern, they want us to dump into their buy orders, right?
jl777c23-Apr-19 08:58 AM
yes
Markus23-Apr-19 08:58 AM
most likely they would cause panic to make ppl and bots start to sell and then they start accumulating
jl777c23-Apr-19 08:58 AM
this is why the market often does the exact opposite you were sure it was going to do
Malti23-Apr-19 09:00 AM
but aren't we all agreeing that main trend is becoming more and more bullish?
so, which means we are going dooown
Markus23-Apr-19 09:01 AM
alot of manipulation in crypto space, whales can print a pattern what will make u think its bullish but its just a trap
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:02 AM
There was no resistance/support between 5000 and 6500 on the way down(edited)
jl777c23-Apr-19 09:02 AM
this is why TA works, until doesnt
Markus23-Apr-19 09:03 AM
@dukeleto theres always moving averages and fib lvls
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:03 AM
so many TA professionals, but it's most just luck. I agree that TA can help avoid make bad entrace/exits
but I am of the old school opinion, that trying to time the market repeatedly is a recipe for disaster
jl777c23-Apr-19 09:03 AM
its not luck if the whales are painting the expected TA patterns
just to suck in the most money on the opposite side for their desired trade
them whales are tricksters
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:04 AM
have we seen a "Bart" lately ?
Malti23-Apr-19 09:04 AM
so jl is a trickster
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:04 AM
seems like we only go up now
the whales are trying to paint a picture for normal people to throw all their money in
then dip to 5K or 4K, buy it all up, and then the real bull comes
Malti23-Apr-19 09:05 AM
sounds credible
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:05 AM
i see the news stories already
"Bitcoin could be going back to 20K!!!!"

Malti23-Apr-19 09:06 AM
and if you ^put 'bitcoin' or 'cryptocurrency' in youtube, it's mostly "MOON SOON???" tags instead of "REKT"
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:07 AM
when we see new YT videos that say you can get rich mining overnight, that is when the real bull is here. So many sad YT videos of people that spend life savings on mining rigs that never broke even
Markus23-Apr-19 09:07 AM
There was news yesterday tho that amazon support bitcoin payments through lightning network
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:08 AM
good luck to the average amazon shopper to use LN
Markus23-Apr-19 09:08 AM
im not so familar with how LN work, is it good or bad?
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:08 AM
not easy to use, let's say that
Malti23-Apr-19 09:08 AM
it was already discussed here i think
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:09 AM
AMZ thing just goes thru debt/credit card system
Malti23-Apr-19 09:09 AM
ComputerGenieVote4megisteren om 23:38
“There’s no direct merchant integration. However we’re integrating with the Visa and Mastercard network and we get a cut of the interchange fees that merchants pay every time they receive a credit card transaction.”
AKA: Just like Bitpay, you're really not paying the merchant of your choice with BTC.
Markus23-Apr-19 09:09 AM
ah ye...and extra fees when u use bitpay are insane
Malti23-Apr-19 09:09 AM
credits to @ComputerGenie 👴👴👴
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:09 AM
Last I heard, you must spend money to put it into your LN channel, to then use it to pay somebody
ain't nobody going to do that when 1 click amazon ordering works
Markus23-Apr-19 09:10 AM
haha
true
CHMEX23-Apr-19 09:10 AM
For the onces interested this is the trading volume per exchange from 01 Jan - 18 April
Exchange KMDVolume
BINANCE 115'467'724
BITTREX 18'685'517
COINBENE 50'877'014
CREX 6'537
CRYPTOPIA 58'306
HADAX 45'961'858
HITBTC 4'642'602
HUOBI 45'955'896
LIVECOIN 4'359
UPBIT 9'149'262
Malti23-Apr-19 09:10 AM
isn't it like a blockchain escrow?
Markus23-Apr-19 09:10 AM
how much from those 50 mil are legit volume on Coinbene tho?
dukeleto23-Apr-19 09:11 AM
yeah, coinbene is mostly trade bots to make it look like volume
Malti23-Apr-19 09:18 AM
talking about exchanges, they must have so much data into bull/bears
Bitcoin's rally has everyone thinking we have entered a new bull market. But how probable is that? Could Bitcoin offer another chance at the previous lows? W...
alessio rastani still not bullish
Markus23-Apr-19 10:46 AM
its almost expected that we will have a quite significant correction before the real bull market begin
and its not even sure it have started even then
we might get rejected by 6k several times
nobody knows
Malti23-Apr-19 10:53 AM
i'm just contemplating if I shoud swap some of my XMR for BNB for quicker profits
to buy more arrr
Tek23-Apr-19 11:00 AM
the moment i dropped holding xmr is the moment I started making gains
unironically
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴23-Apr-19 11:06 AM
@Malti There is very little in this space that irks me more than people intentionally leaving an entire phrase out of the middle of a sentence for the sole purpose of chaining the meaning of the sentence.
>You can pay for x with CoinY
>Sweat, I'm glad MerchantZ is getting into crypto
>Well, actually they aren't....[blablabla]....and then we pay them in USD
Buddz199323-Apr-19 11:13 AM
Ripp3d
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴23-Apr-19 11:15 AM
And as an Ohio taxpayer, I can assure folks that there's a profound difference between:
* Now you can pay your Ohio taxes in Bitcoin.
and
* Ohio upholds that you can legally pay someone else's taxes in USD and assign the payment to them.
Tek23-Apr-19 11:25 AM
taxes
merica
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴23-Apr-19 11:30 AM
is a good son and pays his momma's property taxes
KomodoWorld23-Apr-19 12:04 PM
it's possible that PoS incentives will evolve in a de-facto rule as you said, for now I'm open minded
jl777c23-Apr-19 12:07 PM
if you are a dedicated block producer, did you just transmit money?
klein23-Apr-19 12:33 PM
Its not just that large players try lure people into trades
But rather how can the most ammount of people get fucked
If alot of people think that $6000 is a huge resistant level and sell into it


@pnkfelix
), Mozillahttp://bit.ly/1LQM3PS
No segmentation faults
No undefined behavior
No data races
msg passing via channels
shared state via Arc
and atomics, Mutex
, etc
use native threads... or scoped threads... or work-stealing...
It's awesome!
(Were prior slides really not a sufficient answer?)
oh, maybe you meant ...
"Our mission is to ensure the Internet is a global public resource, open and accessible to all. An Internet that truly puts people first, where individuals can shape their own experience and are empowered, safe and independent."
1.0 release was back in May 2015
Rolling release cycle (up to Rust 1.7 as of March 2nd 2016)
Open source from the begining https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/
Open model for future change (RFC process) https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/
Awesome developer community (~1,000 people in #rust
, ~250 people in #rust-internals
, ~1,300 unique commiters to rust.git)
| Sharing | Stuff |
|---|---|
| Sharing capabilities | (Language stuff) |
| Sharing work | (Parallelism stuff) |
| Sharing code | (Open source distribution stuff) |
fn sequential_web_fetch() {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
for &site in sites { // step through the array...
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(site).send().unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site, char_count);
}
}
(lets get rid of the Rust-specific pattern binding in for
; this is not a tutorial)
fn sequential_web_fetch() {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
for site_ref in sites { // step through the array...
let site = *site_ref; // (separated for expository purposes)
{ // (and a separate block, again for expository purposes)
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(site).send().unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site, char_count);
}
}
}
fn concurrent_web_fetch() -> Vec<::std::thread::JoinHandle<()>> {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
let mut handles = Vec::new();
for site_ref in sites {
let site = *site_ref;
let handle = ::std::thread::spawn(move || {
// block code put in closure: ~~~~~~~
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(site).send().unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site, char_count);
});
handles.push(handle);
}
return handles;
}
site: http://www.eff.org/ chars: 42425
site: http://rust-lang.org/ chars: 16748
site: http://imgur.com chars: 152384
site: http://mozilla.org chars: 63349
(on every run, when internet, and sites, available)
site: http://imgur.com chars: 152384
site: http://rust-lang.org/ chars: 16748
site: http://mozilla.org chars: 63349
site: http://www.eff.org/ chars: 42425
(on at least one run)
fn sequential_web_fetch_2() {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
// ~~~~~ `sites`, an array (slice) of strings, is stack-local
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
for site_ref in sites {
// ~~~~~~~~ `site_ref` is a *reference to* elem of array.
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(*site_ref).send().unwrap();
// moved deref here ~~~~~~~~~
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site_ref, char_count);
}
}
fn concurrent_web_fetch_2() -> Vec<::std::thread::JoinHandle<()>> {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
// ~~~~~ `sites`, an array (slice) of strings, is stack-local
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
let mut handles = Vec::new();
for site_ref in sites {
// ~~~~~~~~ `site_ref` still a *reference* into an array
let handle = ::std::thread::spawn(move || {
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(*site_ref).send().unwrap();
// moved deref here ~~~~~~~~~
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site_ref, char_count);
// Q: will `sites` array still be around when above runs?
});
handles.push(handle);
}
return handles;
}
Let's buy a car
let money: Money = bank.withdraw_cash();
let my_new_car: Car = dealership.buy_car(money);
let second_car = dealership.buy_car(money); // <-- cannot reuse
money transferred into dealership
, and car transferred to us.
Let's buy a car
let money: Money = bank.withdraw_cash();
let my_new_car: Car = dealership.buy_car(money);
// let second_car = dealership.buy_car(money); // <-- cannot reuse
money transferred into dealership
, and car transferred to us.
my_new_car.drive_to(home);
garage.park(my_new_car);
my_new_car.drive_to(...) // now doesn't work
(can't drive car without access to it, e.g. taking it out of the garage)
Let's buy a car
let money: Money = bank.withdraw_cash();
let my_new_car: Car = dealership.buy_car(money);
// let second_car = dealership.buy_car(money); // <-- cannot reuse
money transferred into dealership
, and car transferred to us.
my_new_car.drive_to(home);
garage.park(my_new_car);
// my_new_car.drive_to(...) // now doesn't work
(can't drive car without access to it, e.g. taking it out of the garage)
let my_car = garage.unpark();
my_car.drive_to(work);
...reflection time...
(copying data like integers, and characters, and .mp3's, is "free")
("On sense and reference" -- Gottlob Frege, 1892)
If ownership were all we had, car-purchase slide seems nonsensical
my_new_car.drive_to(home);
Does this transfer home
into the car?
Do I lose access to my home, just because I drive to it?
We must distinguish an object itself from ways to name that object
Above, home
cannot be (an owned) Home
home
must instead be some kind of reference to a Home
We can solve any problem by introducing an extra level of indirection
-- David J. Wheeler
| Ownership enables: | which removes: |
|---|---|
| RAII-style destructors | a source of memory leaks (or fd leaks, etc) |
| no dangling pointers | many resource management bugs |
| no data races | many multithreading heisenbugs |
Do I need to take ownership here, accepting the associated resource management responsibility? Would temporary access suffice?
Good developers ask this already!
Rust forces function signatures to encode the answers
(and they are checked by the compiler)
| Move | Copy | Copy if T:Copy |
|---|---|---|
Vec<T> , String , ... |
i32 , char , ... |
[T; n] , (T1,T2,T3) , ... |
struct Car { color: Color, engine: Engine }
fn demo_ownership() {
let mut used_car: Car = Car { color: Color::Red,
engine: Engine::BrokenV8 };
let apartments = ApartmentBuilding::new();
references to data (&mut T
, &T
):
let my_home: &Home; // <-- an "immutable" borrow
let christine: &mut Car; // <-- a "mutable" borrow
my_home = &apartments[6]; // (read `mut` as "exclusive")
let neighbors_home = &apartments[5];
christine = &mut used_car;
christine.engine = Engine::VintageV8;
}
&
-reference types?Distinguish exclusive access from shared access
Enables safe, parallel API's
let christine = Car::new();
This is "Christine"
(apologies to Stephen King)
let read_only_borrow = &christine;
(apologies to Randall Munroe)
read_only_borrows[2] = &christine;
read_only_borrows[3] = &christine;
read_only_borrows[4] = &christine;
When inspectors are finished, we are left again with:
let mutable_borrow = &mut christine; // like taking keys ...
give_arnie(mutable_borrow); // ... and giving them to someone
read_only_borrows[2] = &christine;
let mutable_borrow = &mut christine;
read_only_borrows[3] = &christine;
// ⇒ CHAOS!
| Ownership | T |
|
| Exclusive access | &mut T |
("mutable") |
| Shared access | &T |
("read-only") |
&mut
: can I borrow the car?fn borrow_the_car_1() {
let mut christine = Car::new();
{
let car_keys = &mut christine;
let arnie = invite_friend_over();
arnie.lend(car_keys);
} // end of scope for `arnie` and `car_keys`
christine.drive_to(work); // I still own the car!
}
But when her keys are elsewhere, I cannot drive christine
!
fn borrow_the_car_2() {
let mut christine = Car::new();
{
let car_keys = &mut christine;
let arnie = invite_friend_over();
arnie.lend(car_keys);
christine.drive_to(work); // <-- compile error
} // end of scope for `arnie` and `car_keys`
}
Possessing the keys, Arnie could take the car for a new paint job.
fn lend_1(arnie: &Arnie, k: &mut Car) { k.color = arnie.fav_color; }
Or lend keys to someone else (reborrowing) before paint job
fn lend_2(arnie: &Arnie, k: &mut Car) {
arnie.partner.lend(k); k.color = arnie.fav_color;
}
Owner loses capabilities attached to &mut
-borrows only temporarily (*)
(*): "Car keys" return guaranteed by Rust; sadly, not by physical world
let b = B::new();
let b = B::new();
let r1: &B = &b;
let r2: &B = &b;
(b
has lost write capability)
let mut b = B::new();
let w: &mut B = &mut b;
(b
has temporarily lost both read and write capabilities)
Box<B>
let a = Box::new(B::new());
a
(as owner) has both read and write capabilities
let a = Box::new(B::new());
let r_of_box: &Box<B> = &a; // (not directly a ref of B)
let r1: &B = &*a;
let r2: &B = &a; // <-- coercion!
a
retains read capabilities (has temporarily lost write)
let mut a = Box::new(B::new());
let w: &mut B = &mut a; // (again, coercion happening here)
a
has temporarily lost both read and write capabilities
Vec<B>
let mut a = Vec::new();
for i in 0..n { a.push(B::new()); }
...
a.push(B::new());
| before | after | |
Vec<B>
let mut a = Vec::new();
for i in 0..n { a.push(B::new()); }
(a
has read and write capabilities)
let mut a = Vec::new();
for i in 0..n { a.push(B::new()); }
let r1 = &a[0..3];
let r2 = &a[7..n-4];
(a
has only read capability now; shares it with r1
and r2
)
&[..]
let mut a = Vec::new();
for i in 0..n { a.push(B::new()); }
let r1 = &a[0..7];
let r2 = &a[3..n-4];
Vec<B>
again(a
has read and write capabilities)
let w = &mut a[0..n];
(a
has no capabilities; w
now has read and write capability)
let (w1,w2) = a.split_at_mut(n-4);
(w1
and w2
share read and write capabilities for disjoint portions)
let rc1 = Rc::new(B::new());
let rc2 = rc1.clone(); // increments ref-count on heap-alloc'd value
(rc1
and rc2
each have read access; but neither can statically assume exclusive (mut
) access, nor can they provide &mut
borrows without assistance.)
RefCell<T>
: Dynamic Exclusivitylet b = Box::new(RefCell::new(B::new()));
let r1: &RefCell<B> = &b;
let r2: &RefCell<B> = &b;
RefCell<T>
: Dynamic Exclusivitylet b = Box::new(RefCell::new(B::new()));
let r1: &RefCell<B> = &b;
let r2: &RefCell<B> = &b;
let w = r2.borrow_mut(); // if successful, `w` acts like `&mut B`
// below panics if `w` still in scope
let w2 = b.borrow_mut();
Rc<RefCell<T>>
let rc1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(B::new()));
let rc2 = rc1.clone(); // increments ref-count on heap-alloc'd value
Rc<RefCell<T>>
let rc1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(B::new()));
let rc2 = rc1.clone();
let r1: &RefCell<B> = &rc1;
let r2: &RefCell<B> = &rc2; // (or even just `r1`)
Rc<RefCell<T>>
let rc1 = Rc::new(RefCell::new(B::new()));
let rc2 = rc1.clone();
let w = rc2.borrow_mut();
Rc<RefCell<T>>
have?Not much!
If you want to port an existing imperative algorithm with all sorts of sharing, you could try using Rc<RefCell<T>>
.
You then might spend much less time wrestling with Rust's type (+borrow) checker.
The point: Rc<RefCell<T>>
is nearly an anti-pattern. It limits static reasoning. You should avoid it if you can.
TypedArena<T>
Cow<T>
Rc<T>
vs Arc<T>
std::thread
dispatch
: OS X-specific "Grand Central Dispatch"
crossbeam
: Lock-Free Abstractions, Scoped "Must-be" Concurrency
rayon
: Scoped Fork-join "Maybe" Parallelism (inspired by Cilk)
(Only the first comes with Rust out of the box)
fn concurrent_web_fetch() -> Vec<::std::thread::JoinHandle<()>> {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
let mut handles = Vec::new();
for site_ref in sites {
let site = *site_ref;
let handle = ::std::thread::spawn(move || {
// block code put in closure: ~~~~~~~
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(site).send().unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site, char_count);
});
handles.push(handle);
}
return handles;
}
fn concurrent_gcd_fetch() -> Vec<::dispatch::Queue> {
use hyper::{self, Client};
use std::io::Read; // pulls in `chars` method
use dispatch::{Queue, QueueAttribute};
let sites = &["http://www.eff.org/", "http://rust-lang.org/",
"http://imgur.com", "http://mozilla.org"];
let mut queues = Vec::new();
for site_ref in sites {
let site = *site_ref;
let q = Queue::create("qcon2016", QueueAttribute::Serial);
q.async(move || {
let client = Client::new();
let res = client.get(site).send().unwrap();
assert_eq!(res.status, hyper::Ok);
let char_count = res.chars().count();
println!("site: {} chars: {}", site, char_count);
});
queues.push(q);
}
return queues;
}
lock-free data structures
scoped threading abstraction
upholds Rust's safety (data-race freedom) guarantees
crossbeam
MPSC benchmarkmean ns/msg (2 producers, 1 consumer; msg count 10e6; 1G heap)
|
108ns
|
98ns
|
53ns
|
461ns
|
192ns
|
| Rust channel |
crossbeam MSQ
|
crossbeam SegQueue
|
Scala MSQ | Java ConcurrentLinkedQueue |
crossbeam
MPMC benchmarkmean ns/msg (2 producers, 2 consumers; msg count 10e6; 1G heap)
|
|
102ns
|
58ns
|
239ns
|
204ns
|
| Rust channel (N/A) |
crossbeam MSQ
|
crossbeam SegQueue
|
Scala MSQ | Java ConcurrentLinkedQueue |
See "Lock-freedom without garbage collection" https://aturon.github.io/blog/2015/08/27/epoch/
std::thead
does not allow sharing stack-local data
fn std_thread_fail() {
let array: [u32; 3] = [1, 2, 3];
for i in &array {
::std::thread::spawn(|| {
println!("element: {}", i);
});
}
}
error: `array` does not live long enough
crossbeam
scoped threadingfn crossbeam_demo() {
let array = [1, 2, 3];
::crossbeam::scope(|scope| {
for i in &array {
scope.spawn(move || {
println!("element: {}", i);
});
}
});
}
::crossbeam::scope
enforces parent thread joins on all spawned children before returning
scope
: "must-be concurrency"Each scope.spawn(..)
invocation fires up a fresh thread
(Literally just a wrapper around std::thread
)
rayon
: "maybe parallelism"rayon
demo 1: map reducefn demo_map_reduce_seq(stores: &[Store], list: Groceries) -> u32 {
let total_price = stores.iter()
.map(|store| store.compute_price(&list))
.sum();
return total_price;
}
fn demo_map_reduce_par(stores: &[Store], list: Groceries) -> u32 {
let total_price = stores.par_iter()
.map(|store| store.compute_price(&list))
.sum();
return total_price;
}
the decision of whether or not to use parallel threads is made dynamically, based on whether idle cores are available
i.e., solely for offloading work, not for when concurrent operation is necessary for correctness
(uses work-stealing under the hood to distribute work among a fixed set of threads)
rayon
demo 2: quicksortfn quick_sort<T:PartialOrd+Send>(v: &mut [T]) {
if v.len() > 1 {
let mid = partition(v);
let (lo, hi) = v.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| quick_sort(lo),
|| quick_sort(hi));
}
}
fn partition<T:PartialOrd+Send>(v: &mut [T]) -> usize {
// see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
// Quicksort#Lomuto_partition_scheme
...
}
rayon
demo 3: buggy quicksortfn quick_sort<T:PartialOrd+Send>(v: &mut [T]) {
if v.len() > 1 {
let mid = partition(v);
let (lo, hi) = v.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| quick_sort(lo),
|| quick_sort(hi));
}
}
fn quick_sort<T:PartialOrd+Send>(v: &mut [T]) {
if v.len() > 1 {
let mid = partition(v);
let (lo, hi) = v.split_at_mut(mid);
rayon::join(|| quick_sort(lo),
|| quick_sort(lo));
// ~~ data race!
}
}
(See blog post "Rayon: Data Parallelism in Rust" bit.ly/1IZcku4
)
3rd parties identify (and provide) new abstractions for concurrency and parallelism unanticipated in std lib.
Send
Sync
lifetime bounds
T: Send
means an instance of T
can be transferred between threads
(i.e. move or copied as appropriate)
T: Sync
means two threads can safely share a reference to an instance of T
T: Send
: T
can be transferred between threads
T: Sync
: two threads can share refs to a T
String
is Send
Vec<T>
is Send
(if T
is Send
)T: Sync
for Vec<T>: Send
?)Rc<T>
is not Send
(for any T
)Arc<T>
is Send
(if T
is Send
and Sync
)T:Send
for Arc<T>
?)&T
is Send
if T: Sync
&mut T
is Send
if T: Send
std::thread
is provided with std lib
But dispatch
, crossbeam
, and rayon
are 3rd party
(not to mention hyper
and a host of other crates used in this talk's construction)
What is Rust's code distribution story?
cargo
is really simple to use
cargo new -- create a project
cargo test -- run project's unit tests
cargo run -- run binaries associated with project
cargo publish -- push project up to crates.io
Edit the associated Cargo.toml
file to:
"What's this about crates.io
?"
Open-source crate distribution site
Has every version of every crate
Cargo adheres to semver
The use of Semantic Versioning in cargo
basically amounts to this:
Major versions (MAJOR.minor.patch) are free to break whatever they want.
New public API's can be added with minor versions updates (major.MINOR.patch), as long as they do not impose breaking changes.
In Rust, breaking changes includes data-structure representation changes.
Adding fields to structs (or variants to enums) can cause their memory representation to change.
Cargo invokes the Rust compiler in a way that salts the symbols exported by a compiled library.
This ends up allowing two distinct (major) versions of a library to be used simultaneously in the same program.
This is important when pulling in third party libraries.
cargo
generates a Cargo.lock
file that tracks the versions you built the project with
Intent: application (i.e. final) crates should check their Cargo.lock
into version control
However: library (i.e. intermediate) crates should not check their Cargo.lock
into version control.
Compiler ensures one cannot pass struct defined via X
version 2.x.y into function expecting X
version 1.m.n, or vice versa.
A : Graph Structure |
B : Token API |
|
C : Lexical Scanner |
D : GLL Parser |
P : Linked Program |
If you (*) follow the sem.ver. rules, then you do not usually have to think hard about those sorts of pictures.
"you" is really "you and all the crates you use"
cargo
is really simple to useRust to C
extern { ... }
and unsafe { ... }
C to Rust
#[no_mangle] extern "C" fn foo(...) { ... }
Ruby, Python, etc to Rust
https://github.com/wycats/rust-bridge
Mozilla (of course)
Skylight
MaidSafe
... others
Maidsafe is one example of this
Enabling sharing systems hacking knowledge with everyone
Programming in Rust has made me look at C++ code in a whole new light
www.rust-lang.org
Hack Without Fear


Anushka Shetty To Reprise Manju Warrier’s Role In Telugu Remake Of Asuran?
Last week there were reports all across the Internet about the makers in talks with the gorgeous Shriya Saran.
by Koimoi.com TeamNational award-winning actor Dhanush’s latest release Asuran which released last month has been making noise for all right reasons. The film which garnered a whopping 100 crores had a great run at the box office. Tollywood star Venkatesh was so overwhelmed with the film that he will be stepping in shoes of Dhanush for its Telugu remake.
Last week there were reports all across the Internet about the makers in talks with the gorgeous Shriya Saran for the role of a character named Pachaiyammal which in original was played by Mollywood actress Manju Warrier.
Now as per the latest reports, the makers are in talks with Baahubali beauty Anushka Shetty.
However, an official statement related to the film’s leading lady is yet to be made by the makers.
As per reports, the film will be helmed by Hanu Raghavapudi.
The Telugu remake will be bankrolled by Suresh Babu under Suresh Productions.
Asuran is based on novel Vekkai, which is been penned by Sahitya Academy Winning Tamil writer Poomani.
Talking about Anushka, the actress who was last seen in Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy, is all busy with promotions of her upcoming crime thriller Nishabdham.
The film has Anushka playing the role of a mute artist. The Bhaagamathie actress in the film will be seen opposite R.Madhavan in lead.
Nishabdam is been directed by Hemant Madhukar and it is been co-produced by Kona Venkat and TG Vishwa.
The R.Madhavan starrer will hit the big screen in English, Hindi, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu languages.
The release date of Nishabdam is yet to be announced by the makers.


This library allows text to be added to the map at a particular location. Note that the users browser must support Canvas for the label to be displayed.
This class extends OverlayView
.
| Constructor | Description |
|---|---|
MapLabel(opt_options?:MapLabelOptions)
|
Creates a map label with the options specified. If a map is specified, the label is added to the map upon construction. Note that both text and position must be set for the label to display. |
| Properties | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
align |
string |
The horizontal text alignment. Options are left,
right or center. Default is "center" . |
fontFamily |
string |
The font family. Default is "sans-serif" . |
fontSize |
number |
The font size in pixels. Default is 12 . |
fontColor |
string |
The stroke color. All CSS3 colors are supported.
Default is "#000000" .
|
map |
Map |
Map on which to display label. |
maxZoom |
number |
The maximum zoom level this label should be shown at. |
minZoom |
number |
The minimum zoom level this label should be shown at. |
position |
LatLng |
Label position. Required. |
strokeWeight |
number |
The stroke width in pixels. Default is 4 . |
strokeColor |
string |
The stroke color. All CSS3 colors are supported.
Default is "#FFFFFF" .
|
text |
string |
Label text. Required. |
zIndex |
number |
The zIndex of the label. Default is 1000 . |


All trains cancelled between Dundee and Edinburgh due to 3ft-deep sinkhole on line
All trains between Dundee and Edinburgh save for one service have been cancelled after the discovery of a sinkhole at Leuchars on Monday morning.
by Claire WarrenderNetwork Rail said ballast stones below the southbound line had subsided as a result and that engineers would have to assess the depth of the subsidence.
The sinkhole came to the attention of rail staff at about 8.40am.
ScotRail, LNER and CrossCountry services are all affected and replacement buses have been put in place.
Network Rail say the sinkhole is more than 3ft deep and will need to be filled up with three-tonnes of ballast stones.
ScotRail suspended all services between Aberdeen and Edinburgh after the sinkhole was discovered, although services from Perth to Edinburgh have been running as normal.
Widespread disruption was predicted to last all day.
A Network Rail spokesman said: “Our engineers are on-site working to assess the condition of the track and make repairs.
“We understand the inconvenience this incident is causing to customers and will reopen the line as soon as it is safe to do so.”
ScotRail said only one service would run from the Scots capital to Dundee on Monday evening – the 5.02pm from Edinburgh to Arbroath.
The firm posted: “Our 5.02pm Edinburgh – Arbroath service is the only direct service to Dundee this evening. It will have four carriages and be extremely busy.
“If you’re travelling to Inverkeithing, Kirkcaldy, Markinch or Ladybank, please take an alternative service if you possibly can.”
ScotRail announced at 9.30am that a safety inspection was taking place near Leuchars and that no southbound trains would run.
The line towards Edinburgh was then closed completely pending further examination.
National Rail Enquiries said trains running between Dundee, Fife and Edinburgh may be cancelled, delayed or revised.
Stagecoach buses are accepting tickets to stations at Dundee, Arbroath, Invergowrie, Cupar, Ladybank, Markinch, Glenrothes, Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath.
Passenger Alan Morrison said he had boarded the 9.07 London-bound train at Dundee, but had to disembark to get on a bus to Edinburgh before boarding a train there.
He said station staff were very organised but warned of long queues to board the replacement buses.
Passengers heading to Edinburgh and beyond faced delays of almost two hours before their journey finally got under way.
As of Monday afternoon, some 31 ScotRail services were cancelled as a result of “urgent repairs” to the track.
ScotRail described the disruption as “major”.
A spokesman said: “We’re sorry to our customers who have experienced disruption to their journey today.
“Engineers are working as quickly as possible to repair the sinkhole and get services back to normal.
“Anyone delayed 30 minutes or more can claim money back through the Delay Repay Guarantee on our website or mobile app.”