This post is about a mistake that’s common and easy to make in Golang. I show a few examples, explain why it happens and how you can avoid it. This is explained in many places already (see links at the end). My goal is to be more thorough than the others.
There might be many of these blogposts. There’s at least one more topic I want to write about. We’ll see.
This mistake is very easy to make in some situations. If you please, take a look at the code below and try to figure out why Example B fails.
(Most code snipet has a link in the header to the Go Playground where you can run and play with the code. All links open in this window).
Print out the numbers from 0 to 2:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// A
fmt.Println("Example A - Count to 2, This works :) ")
for a := 0; a < 3; a++ {
fmt.Println("a is:", a)
}
// B
fmt.Println("\n\nExample B - Count to 2, concurrently.")
fmt.Println("This does not work :( ")
for b := 0; b < 3; b++ {
// Run fmt.Println(..) in the background
go func() {
fmt.Println("b is:", b)
}()
}
// we sleep to let the go functions finish before the program quits
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}
Running the above code prints:
Example A - Count to 2, This works :)
a is: 0
a is: 1
a is: 2
Example B - Count to 2, concurrently.
This does not work :(
b is: 3
b is: 3
b is: 3
Huh? 3, 3, 3? Where’s zero and one? And wasn’t it suppose to stop at two? Bah! We can’t even count to 2, what’s going on? Two things:
Firstly, when we print variable b in Example B what are we even referring to? It’s inside of a function, and there’s no variable b inside this function body.
This does not happen here. The function we have in Example B, func(){..}, is not a normal function: it’s in the middle of another one and it lacks a name. These types of functions are often call function literals or anonymous functions. I like "anonymous functions". An anonymous function can "see" variables from the function it’s inside (enclosed in). That means that in our example it can access variable b.
This is not a bug in Go, by the way. It’s intended behavior that can be used to do some pretty advanced stuff. See the "function closures" links at the end.
Our anonymous function can access variable b. But it’s the same variable b, accessed 3 time in the loop. It’s declared once before the loop starts to run. It then changes value from 0 to 1, then to 2 and finally to 3. Then the loop stops since 3 is not less than 3.
With our go func().. statement we start a new goroutine. They run concurrently, which they do not run one after the other in an orderly fashion. They could in theory run one after the other, or they could all run at the same time (in parallel). Or maybe the "last one" runs first and then the "first one" and the "second one" runs last, or maybe.. think you get the point; it’s unpredictable. Well this is kind of the point of using Goroutines in the first place. We want to be able to run many things at once. In this example it does not make a lot of sense, but imagine, if you will, that the printing took 10 seconds. Or we did something else that took 10 seconds. In that case Example A would take 30 seconds to complete and Example B would only take 10 seconds. Great!
We can think of the go statement as "run this code in the background at some point". It could run right away, or it could run later. Thinking like this it becomes more clear why Example B fails. It’s possible, likely even, that the loop finishes before the first fmt.Println("b is:", b) ever runs. So the loops runs, increasing b to 3 and then stopping. Then the goroutines run and print variable b. They all look at the same variable b, the one declared at the start of the loop. They never got their own copy. At this point b is 3, so they all print 3.
There are several ways to change our code and fix this bug. I’ve listed the 3 I could come up with at this time, with the last one possibly being the most "idiomatic" go.
Each of these examples should print something like this if you run them. Note that the numbers can be out of order, since the goroutines can run in any possible order, or all at once.
Fix 2 for Example B
dd is: 1
dd is: 0
dd is: 2
One easy way of fixing this is to change the anonymous function to a normal function call. Normal functions can not refer to variables "outside" itself. This forces us to pass the variable we want to use as an argument to the function (print() in our example). When you call a normal function the arguments are copied, every time you call it. That is, the value of c (0, 1 or 2) is copied and given to the invoked function. Therefore this works as you would expect:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// Fix 1
fmt.Println("\n\nFix 1 for Example B")
for c := 0; c < 3; c++ {
// same code as earlier,
// but no longer in an anonymous function:
go print(c)
// The value of c is copied when we call print()
// so it's no longer reffering to the same variable.
// This copying happens before the code
// in print() actually runs
}
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}
func print(c int) {
// The value of c was copied.
// So 'c' here is not the same as 'c' in the for loop above.
// It's a "coincidence" that they are both named c
// (it's irrelevant).
fmt.Println("c is:", c)
}
But let’s say you wanted to keep the anonymous function? They can certainly be useful, creating a named function that is only used in one place is kind of ugly. This code fixes this by explicitly copying the variable before using it in the anonymous function. This works because each run (iteration) through the loop now gets its own variable, with its own value. So it does not matter when the goroutine actually runs. It will refer to its own variable dd that never changes.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// Fix 2
fmt.Println("Fix 2 for Example B")
for d := 0; d < 3; d++ {
// The value of d is copied into its own variable.
// This happens for every iteration in the loop.
dd := d
go func() {
fmt.Println("dd is:", dd)
}()
}
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}
Finally this fix is similar to the first one (well, actually they’re all pretty similar). Here we also copy the variable for every iteration of the for loop. Our anonymous function still sees the variable e but ignores it. Instead we send in the variable we want to access when we call the anonymous function.
Having both e and ee inside the function body can be a little confusing. We could for example use variable e by mistake and the compiler would not complain. Therefore some people prefer to name the second variable the same as the first one (e instead of ee in our example). This has the effect of hiding (shadowing) the first one and thus making it inaccessible.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func main() {
// Fix 3
fmt.Println("Fix 3 for Example B")
for e := 0; e < 3; e++ {
go func(ee int) {
// The value of e is copied into its own variable ee
// (We could also call this new variable e)
fmt.Println("ee is:", ee)
}(e) // e becomes ee inside the function
}
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
}
Ok, that’s it =) Hit me up on twitter (@oyvindsk) if you have any questions or corrections. All honest feedback is welcome. You can also enter your email underneath to get future articles.


{% extends "description.html" %} {# Make sure to number your filenames if you need them to be in a specific order #} {# Ordering needs to start at 1 (not 0) #} {% set id="schnorr"%} {# id must be unique and follow the rules for ids in css https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#characters #} {% set project="Schnorr" %} {# Use proper-case (ex. Bitcoin, not bitcoin) #} {% set sub_project="" %} {# set to False or "" if not using #} {% set simple_desc="More private and cheaper Bitcoin transactions and smart contracts" %} {# Keep this short (~50-70 characters) #} {% set details=True %} {% set further_reading=True %} {% block at_a_glance %} {# This is the one required block #}
Essentially the way Bitcoin addresses and signatures (the things you use to authorize BTC transactions) work are not as efficient or private as they could be. Schnorr is a previously patented type of cryptographic (ie. electronic) signature that improves the privacy and cost of Bitcoin transactions; making them overall cheaper. Schnorr signatures are compiled from 1 or many keys and if they're used for a smart contract that includes multiple parties then it's impossible for any outsider to know what the smart contract did or could have done which means agreements between you and others are kept entirely private, looking just like any other transaction.
{% endblock at_a_glance %} {% block status %}Schnorr is currently a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal at draft status which means it may make its way into the bitcoind software.
{% endblock status %} {% block future %}If Schnorr is activate on the network no one will be required to use it, but if they choose to then it will provide a more private and cheaper Bitcoin transaction experience. Long term it will help keep the cost to run the Bitcoin network software (aka. bitcoind) low meaning as many people as possible across the world will be able to be a part of the Bitcoin network while preserving the properties of the Bitcoin network.
{% endblock future %} {% block vs_alts %}Current transactions are generally bigger (ie. more expensive) and less private than Schnorr.
{% endblock vs_alts %} {% block further_reading %}Schnorr BIP {% endblock further_reading %}


Random text that will stay in place. Test that scrolling still keeps the current clue below this!
Div that ensures grid is visible initially.


India is one of the oldest civilizations in the world with a kaleidoscopic variety and rich cultural heritage. It has achieved all-round socio-economic progress since Independence. As the 7th largest country in the world, India stands apart from the rest of Asia, marked off as it is by mountains and the sea, which give the country a distinct geographical entity. Bounded by the Great Himalayas in the north, it stretches southwards and at the Tropic of Cancer, tapers off into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west.


ROUTE TO RECOVERY
Rangers ace Jordan Jones back in training after injury against Celtic
by David IrvineJORDAN JONES is back in Rangers training after 12 weeks out.
The Light Blues winger has been sidelined for a significant period of time after injuring himself in a wild challenge on Moritz Bauer at Ibrox.
Jones came on for Steven Gerrard's side in the last quarter of the 2-0 Old Firm loss and was given his marching orders for a reckless challenge on the Stoke City loanee in the closing minutes.
He was then spotted leaving Ibrox on crutches as a result of the injury.
But Jones has given a positive report on his return to fitness on Instagram.
Alongside some snaps at the training ground he wrote: "Long hard 12 weeks out but buzzing to be back training today🙌🏼🇬🇧❤"
The horror tackle was lambasted by boss Gerrard after the match.
He said: "Listen, without a shadow of a doubt he got that one bang on.
"It was a red card. I think Jordan's been trying to appease the fans there.
"That's not how you appease Rangers fans. You create goals and score goals if you're a wide man.
"That's how you get fans on your side - not kicking people in the boards ten yards away.
"He deserves the red card, he deserves the ban and he's got everything to do now to get back into my team.
"In terms of the officials I thought in the main, I'm not going to point any fingers at them.
"But I thought they let a little bit too much go early on. But we're not going to look for excuses and stuff.
"The reason we lost the Old Firm today was because we were not good enough across the board."


scala.util.parsing.combinator.testing
the type of input elements the provided parsers consume (When consuming invidual characters, a parser is typically
called a scanner, which produces
tokens that are consumed by what is normally called a
parser.
Nonetheless, the same principles apply, regardless of the input type.)
the type of input elements the provided parsers consume (When consuming invidual characters, a parser is typically
called a scanner, which produces
tokens that are consumed by what is normally called a
parser.
Nonetheless, the same principles apply, regardless of the input type.)
The fatal failure case of ParseResult: contains an error-message and the remaining input.
The failure case of ParseResult: contains an error-message and the remaining input.
The parser input is an abstract reader of input elements, i.
The parser input is an abstract reader of input elements, i.e. the type of input the parsers in this component expect.
A common super-class for unsuccessful parse results
A parser whose ~ combinator disallows back-tracking.
A base class for parser results.
The root class of parsers.
The success case of ParseResult: contains the result and the remaining input.
o != arg0
is the same as !(o == (arg0))
.
o != arg0
is the same as !(o == (arg0))
.
the object to compare against this object for dis-equality.
false
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; true
otherwise.
o == arg0
is the same as if (o eq null) arg0 eq null else o.equals(arg0)
.
o == arg0
is the same as if (o eq null) arg0 eq null else o.equals(arg0)
.
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
o == arg0
is the same as o.equals(arg0)
.
o == arg0
is the same as o.equals(arg0)
.
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
An extractor so NoSuccess(msg, next) can be used in matches.
The parser that matches an element in the domain of the partial function f'
If
f' is defined on the first element in the input, f' is applied to it to produce
this parser's result.
Example: The parser accept("name", {case Identifier(n) => Name(n)})
accepts an Identifier(n) and returns a Name(n).
The parser that matches an element in the domain of the partial function f'
If
f' is defined on the first element in the input, f' is applied to it to produce
this parser's result.
Example: The parser accept("name", {case Identifier(n) => Name(n)})
accepts an Identifier(n) and returns a Name(n).
a description of the kind of element this parser expects (for error messages)
a partial function that determines when this parser is successful and what its output is
A parser that succeeds if f' is applicable to the first element of the input,
applying
f' to it to produce the result.
A parser that matches only the given list of element es'
accept(es) succeeds if the input subsequently provides the elements in the list
es'.
A parser that matches only the given list of element es'
accept(es) succeeds if the input subsequently provides the elements in the list
es'.
the list of expected elements
a Parser that recognizes a specified list of elements
A parser that matches only the given element e'
The method is implicit so that elements can automatically be lifted to their parsers.
For example, when parsing
Token's, Identifier("new") (which is a Token') can be used directly,
instead of first creating a
Parser' using accept(Identifier("new")).
A parser that matches only the given element e'
The method is implicit so that elements can automatically be lifted to their parsers.
For example, when parsing
Token's, Identifier("new") (which is a Token') can be used directly,
instead of first creating a
Parser' using accept(Identifier("new")).
the Elem' that must be the next piece of input for the returned parser to succeed
a tParser' that succeeds if
e' is the next available input.
This method is used to cast the receiver object to be of type T0
.
This method is used to cast the receiver object to be of type T0
.
Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression1.asInstanceOf[String]
will throw a ClassCastException
at runtime, while the expressionList(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]]
will not. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as
part of compilation it is not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested typed.
the receiver object.
A parser generator that, roughly, generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a left-associative function that combines the elements it separates.
A parser generator that, roughly, generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a left-associative function that combines the elements it separates.
a parser that parses the first element
a parser that parses the subsequent elements
a parser that parses the token(s) separating the elements, yielding a left-associative function that combines two elements into one
A parser generator that, roughly, generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a left-associative function that combines the elements it separates.
From: J. Fokker. Functional parsers. In J. Jeuring and E. Meijer, editors, Advanced Functional Programming, volume 925 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 1--23. Springer, 1995.
A parser generator that, roughly, generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a left-associative function that combines the elements it separates.
From: J. Fokker. Functional parsers. In J. Jeuring and E. Meijer, editors, Advanced Functional Programming, volume 925 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 1--23. Springer, 1995.
a parser that parses the elements
a parser that parses the token(s) separating the elements, yielding a left-associative function that combines two elements into one
A parser generator that generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a right-associative function that combines the elements it separates. Additionally,
The right-most (last) element and the left-most combining function have to be supplied.
rep1sep(p: Parser[T], q) corresponds to chainr1(p, q ^^ cons, cons, Nil) (where val cons = (x: T, y: List[T]) => x :: y)
A parser generator that generalises the rep1sep generator so that q', which parses the separator,
produces a right-associative function that combines the elements it separates. Additionally,
The right-most (last) element and the left-most combining function have to be supplied.
rep1sep(p: Parser[T], q) corresponds to chainr1(p, q ^^ cons, cons, Nil) (where val cons = (x: T, y: List[T]) => x :: y)
a parser that parses the elements
a parser that parses the token(s) separating the elements, yielding a right-associative function that combines two elements into one
the "last" (left-most) combination function to be applied
the "first" (right-most) element to be combined
This method creates and returns a copy of the receiver object.
This method creates and returns a copy of the receiver object.
The default implementation of the clone
method is platform dependent.
a copy of the receiver object.
Wrap a parser so that its failures become errors (the | combinator will give up as soon as it encounters an error, on failure it simply tries the next alternative)
Wrap a parser so that its failures become errors (the | combinator will give up as soon as it encounters an error, on failure it simply tries the next alternative)
A parser that matches only the given element e'
elem(e) succeeds if the input starts with an element
e'
A parser that matches only the given element e'
elem(e) succeeds if the input starts with an element
e'
the Elem' that must be the next piece of input for the returned parser to succeed
a Parser' that succeeds if
e' is the next available input (and returns it).
A parser matching input elements that satisfy a given predicate
A parser matching input elements that satisfy a given predicate
elem(kind, p) succeeds if the input starts with an element e' for which p(e) is true.
The element kind, used for error messages
A predicate that determines which elements match. @return
This method is used to test whether the argument (arg0
) is a reference to the
receiver object (this
).
This method is used to test whether the argument (arg0
) is a reference to the
receiver object (this
).
The eq
method implements an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation equivalence relation] on
non-null instances of AnyRef
:
* It is reflexive: for any non-null instance x
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(x)
returns true
.
* It is symmetric: for any non-null instances x
and y
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(y)
returns true
if and
only if y.eq(x)
returns true
.
* It is transitive: for any non-null instances x
, y
, and z
of type AnyRef
if x.eq(y)
returns true
and y.eq(z)
returns true
, then x.eq(z)
returns true
.
Additionally, the eq
method has three other properties.
* It is consistent: for any non-null instances x
and y
of type AnyRef
, multiple invocations of
x.eq(y)
consistently returns true
or consistently returns false
.
* For any non-null instance x
of type AnyRef
, x.eq(null)
and null.eq(x)
returns false
.
* null.eq(null)
returns true
.
When overriding the equals
or hashCode
methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is
consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2
), they
should be equal to each other (o1 == o2
) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode
).
the object to compare against this object for reference equality.
true
if the argument is a reference to the receiver object; false
otherwise.
This method is used to compare the receiver object (this
) with the argument object (arg0
) for equivalence.
This method is used to compare the receiver object (this
) with the argument object (arg0
) for equivalence.
The default implementations of this method is an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation equivalence
relation]:
* It is reflexive: for any instance x
of type Any
, x.equals(x)
should return true
.
* It is symmetric: for any instances x
and y
of type Any
, x.equals(y)
should return true
if and
only if y.equals(x)
returns true
.
* It is transitive: for any instances x
, y
, and z
of type AnyRef
if x.equals(y)
returns true
and
y.equals(z)
returns true
, then x.equals(z)
should return true
.
If you override this method, you should verify that your implementation remains an equivalence relation.
Additionally, when overriding this method it is often necessary to override hashCode
to ensure that objects
that are "equal" (o1.equals(o2)
returns true
) hash to the same
scala.Int
(o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
).
the object to compare against this object for equality.
true
if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false
otherwise.
A parser that results in an error
A parser that results in an error
The error message describing the failure.
A parser that always fails with the specified error message.
A parser that always fails
A parser that always fails
The error message describing the failure.
A parser that always fails with the specified error message.
This method is called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
This method is called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object.
The details of when and if the finalize
method are invoked, as well as the interaction between finalize
and non-local returns and exceptions, are all platform dependent.
Returns a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
Returns a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
The nature of the representation is platform dependent.
a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
A parser generator for guard expressions.
A parser generator for guard expressions. The resulting parser will fail or succeed just like the one given as parameter but it will not consume any input.
a Parser' that is to be applied to the input
A parser that returns success if and only if 'p' succeeds but never consumes any input
Returns a hash code value for the object.
Returns a hash code value for the object.
The default hashing algorithm is platform dependent.
Note that it is allowed for two objects to have identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
) yet
not be equal (o1.equals(o2)
returns false
). A degenerate implementation could always return 0
.
However, it is required that if two objects are equal (o1.equals(o2)
returns true
) that they have
identical hash codes (o1.hashCode.equals(o2.hashCode)
). Therefore, when overriding this method, be sure
to verify that the behavior is consistent with the equals
method.
the hash code value for the object.
This method is used to test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0
.
This method is used to test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0
.
Note that the test result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics. Therefore the expression1.isInstanceOf[String]
will return false
, while the expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]]
will
return true
. In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is not
possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested typed.
true
if the receiver object is an instance of erasure of type T0
; false
otherwise.
A parser that matches a literal string
o.ne(arg0)
is the same as !(o.eq(arg0))
.
o.ne(arg0)
is the same as !(o.eq(arg0))
.
the object to compare against this object for reference dis-equality.
false
if the argument is not a reference to the receiver object; true
otherwise.
Wrap a parser so that its failures&errors become success and vice versa -- it never consumes any input
Wrap a parser so that its failures&errors become success and vice versa -- it never consumes any input
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
A parser generator for optional sub-phrases.
A parser generator for optional sub-phrases.
opt(p) is a parser that returns Some(x)' if
p' returns x' and
None' if p' fails
A Parser' that is tried on the input
a Parser' that always succeeds: either with the result provided by
p' or
with the empty result
Parse some prefix of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse some prefix of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse some prefix of character sequence in' with parser
p'
Parse some prefix of character sequence in' with parser
p'
Parse some prefix of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse some prefix of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse all of character sequence in' with parser
p'
Parse all of character sequence in' with parser
p'
Parse all of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse all of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse all of reader in' with parser
p'
Parse all of reader in' with parser
p'
A parser generator delimiting whole phrases (i.
A parser generator delimiting whole phrases (i.e. programs).
phrase(p)
succeeds if p
succeeds and
no input is left over after p
.
the parser that must consume all input for the resulting parser to succeed.
a parser that has the same result as p', but that only succeeds
if p consumed all the input.
positioned' decorates a parser's result with the start position of the input it consumed.
If whitespace is being skipped, then it is skipped before the start position is recorded.
positioned' decorates a parser's result with the start position of the input it consumed.
If whitespace is being skipped, then it is skipped before the start position is recorded.
a Parser' whose result conforms to
Positional'.
A parser that has the same behaviour as p', but which marks its result with the
start position of the input it consumed after whitespace has been skipped, if it
didn't already have a position.
A parser that matches a regex string
A parser generator for repetitions.
A parser generator for repetitions.
rep(p) repeatedly uses p' to parse the input until
p' fails (the result is a List
of the consecutive results of p')
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the input
A parser that returns a list of results produced by repeatedly applying p' to the input.
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
rep1(f, p) first uses f' (which must succeed) and then repeatedly uses
p' to
parse the input until p' fails
(the result is a
List' of the consecutive results of f' and
p')
a Parser' that parses the first piece of input
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the rest of the input (if any)
A parser that returns a list of results produced by first applying f' and then
repeatedly
p' to the input (it only succeeds if f' matches).
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
rep1(p) repeatedly uses p' to parse the input until
p' fails -- p' must succeed at least
once (the result is a
List' of the consecutive results of p')
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the input
A parser that returns a list of results produced by repeatedly applying p' to the input
(and that only succeeds if
p' matches at least once).
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
A parser generator for non-empty repetitions.
rep1sep(p, q) repeatedly applies p' interleaved with
q' to parse the input, until p' fails.
The parser
p' must succeed at least once.
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the input
a Parser' that parses the elements that separate the elements parsed by
p'
(interleaved with q')
A parser that returns a list of results produced by repeatedly applying p' to the input
(and that only succeeds if
p' matches at least once).
The results of p' are collected in a list. The results of
q' are discarded.
A parser generator for a specified number of repetitions.
A parser generator for a specified number of repetitions.
repN(n, p) uses p' exactly
n' time to parse the input
(the result is a List' of the
n' consecutive results of p')
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the input
A parser that returns a list of results produced by repeatedly applying p' to the input
(and that only succeeds if
p' matches exactly n' times).
A parser generator for interleaved repetitions.
A parser generator for interleaved repetitions.
repsep(p, q) repeatedly uses p' interleaved with
q' to parse the input, until p' fails.
(The result is a
List' of the results of p'.)
Example: repsep(term, ",") parses a comma-separated list of term's,
yielding a list of these terms
a Parser' that is to be applied successively to the input
a Parser' that parses the elements that separate the elements parsed by
p'
A parser that returns a list of results produced by repeatedly applying p' (interleaved
with
q') to the input.
The results of p' are collected in a list. The results of
q' are discarded.
A parser that always succeeds
A parser that always succeeds
The result for the parser
A parser that always succeeds, with the given result v'
Returns a string representation of the object.
Returns a string representation of the object.
The default representation is platform dependent.
a string representation of the object.


You've Got Mail * * (out of * * * * )
Directed by Nora Ephron. Cast: Meg Ryan, Tom Hanks, Greg Kinnear, Parker Posey, Jean Stapleton, Dabney Coleman, Steve Zahn, Dave Chappelle. 1998 - 118 minutes. Rated PG (for mild profanity). Reviewed December 20, 1998.
"You've Got Mail," the third showcase that has brought together the winning team of Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan (after 1990's odd-ball "Joe Vs. the Volcano" and 1993's charming "Sleepless in Seattle"), obviously seemed like a no-brainer for director Nora Ephron and co-writer Delia Ephron since what they have basically made this time around is a ho-hum, mostly sloppy retread of many far more intelligent and witty romantic comedies.
Set in New York City, Kathleen Kelly (Meg Ryan), for many years, has run her late mother's quaint children's bookstore called "The Shop Around the Corner" (which was the title of the original James Stewart picture, for which this film is based on). She has a writer boyfriend (Greg Kinnear), but has been recently sending honest and intimate e-mails over AOL to a man that she first met in an Over 30 chatroom, but they have decided to keep their identities anonymous. What Kathleen doesn't know is that her secret e-mail buddy is actually Joe Fox (Tom Hanks), who has his own hyper and giddy girlfriend (Parker Posey), and is about to open a more high-profile book store on the same street, threatening Kathleen's business. The gimmick for the film is that these two people have grown to love each other over the internet, even though they are feuding in real life.
"You've Got Mail," is a sleek, well-photographed romantic comedy that actually compliments the beauty of NYC more than the actual stars of the film, since this story has been done far too many times before, and much better, at that. One of the biggest problems with the film is that there didn't appear to be any attempt to make an original film. No doubt, Ephron assumed that she had it made once she cast Hanks and Ryan, and so she forgot to add a quality screenplay. Watching the film, I didn't get any sense of excitement, urgency, or suspense involving the question of if Hanks and Ryan would get together at the end, since I knew for a fact that they would.  If an audience member can predict what the characters are going to say before they actually say it, then you know you're in trouble.
I will not criticize Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, since both of them have proved to be talented actors, and Ryan is simply too cute for words, but that is the exact problem. They are too good to be wasting their time in such a tried-and-true Hollywood formula. "Sleepless in Seattle" was also predictable, but that film was more sound and sharp in its writing and I cared about the characters more. Why not shake things up a bit and add a little creativity to the mix, instead of making what is basically an inferior remake to "...Seattle?"
Rarely have I seen so many charasmatic supporting characters wasted so blatantly as they are in this movie. Greg Kinnear has the most chance of a developed character, but he disappears towards the middle and there is no mention of him again. Parker Posey, in her first notable role in a big-budget film, is punished with the emotionless "bitch" role, and is not even given one scene where she and Hanks simply talk. It's a shame Ephron decided to cast such a wonderful, fresh actress, only to throw her to the curb. Meanwhile, Dave Chappelle and Steve Zahn make no impression whatsoever with roles that might as well have been classified as extras.
Maybe I am making it sound like I hated "You've Got Mail," which isn't the case. The film was never boring, but also never what I would consider entertaining. Basically, it just seemed to sit there, and it amazed me how little could be accomplished, even though the running time is overstretched to two hours. Hanks and Ryan, like always, have a great deal of chemistry together, and I liked their characters. I liked a few of the lines of dialogue (when Hanks enters a store, he introduces the two children he is with as his aunt and brother). The soundtrack of popular pop songs from the 70's, 80's, and 90's were fun to listen to. Everything seemed in place for a charming, and I was hoping, imaginative, romantic comedy, but to no avail. Nora Ephron may have hit the jackpot with "Sleepless in Seattle," and I am also an admirer of her underrated 1994 comedy, "Mixed Nuts," but "You've Got Mail," ultimately, fails to add anything new or worthwhile into the now worn-out romantic comedy genre.
- Copyright 1998 by Dustin Putman < Dustin Putman's Film Reviews >
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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For programming the GPIO pins we have to install the python 2 library RPi.GPIO. This module makes it simple to use the GPIO pins. To install RPi.GPIO on your Raspberry Pi follow the following instructions.
In the LXTerminal of your R-Pi type the commands
sudo apt-get update
To install RPi.GPIO, you first need to install the Python Development toolkit that RPi.GPIO requires.
To do this enter the following command:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
Then to install Rpi.GPIO itself type:
sudo apt-get install python-rpi.gpio
Thats it! Now you are ready to program GPIO pins.
To program GPIO pins you have to import RPi.GPIO library in your python program. To do this type the following line at the top of your program:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
But before we start programming we have to set the numbering system of the pins. There are two types of numbering systems:
The GPIO.BOARD option specifies that you are referring to the pins by the number of the pin the the plug - i.e the numbers printed on the board (e.g. P1) and in the middle of the diagrams below.
The GPIO.BCM option means that you are referring to the pins by the “Broadcom SOC channel” number, these are the numbers after “GPIO” in the green rectangles around the outside of the below diagrams:
In the image below the numbers in the middle correspond to BOARD numbering and those written outside refer to BCM numbering.
Based on which numbering system is comfortable to you, which RPi shield your are using, what program you are using you can choose the numbering sytem which is most convinient to you.
To specify in your code which number-system is being used, use the GPIO.setmode() function. For example…
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
or
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
After specifying the numbering system we have to decide whether the pins that we are using will be input or output (just like in Arduino).
To do this we use GPIO.setup() function. So if you want to setup pin 4 as output you would enter:
GPIO.setup(4, GPIO.OUT)
If you want to set pin 17 as input you would enter:
GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN)
So if you have set a particular pin as input you would like to read the value of that pin. To do this you would use the GPIO.input() function.
For example if you would like to read the value of pin 17 you would enter:
GPIO.input(17)
If you have setup a pin as output you would like to write a value to it. You would use the function GPIO.output() for it.
For example if you would like to set the value of pin 4 as HIGH you would enter:
GPIO.output(4, GPIO.HIGH)
If you want to set it as low:
GPIO.output(4, GPIO.LOW)
Now that you know how to set input and output of pins you are set to use any electronic devices along with the entire convinience of python.
One important thing to note that after the program is terminated either on its own or by a Keyboard Interrupt some of the pins which were high remain high after execution of the program. So in order to set everything to low we use the GPIO.cleanup() function.
Here is an example of simple LED blink program in which the usage of each and every function will become clear
When we execute this program with a led at pin 4 we would see the LED blinking at a rate of 1 second. This program would go on for ever unless we terminate it by CTRL-C which is a KeyBoardInterrupt which then initiates the GPIO.cleanup function.
With this much knowledge you should be able to interface any electronic equipment with R-Pi with one last precation :P.
All the GPIO pins on R-pi are 3.3 volt logic level. So it is not safe to connect any device that gives or takes more than 3.3v as it might damage the GPIO pins. If you have to use any device that has a 5V supply such as HCSR04 ultrasonic sensors you should use a potential divider.
Time to try some good projects with your R-pi. Happy tinkering!


Using this dialog box you can create a dataset containing information about the variable dictionaries in one or more IBM® SPSS® Statistics, SAS, or Stata files.
►To run this procedure, from the menus choose:
► All variables in the selected files are included.
Directory to Search. Enter a directory to search. Its subdirectories are also searched.
File Name Pattern. A regular expression pattern can be used to filter the files processed. For example, car would limit the files to those whose name starts with "car". The pattern .*car would accept any filenames containing "car".
• Regular expressions are not the same as the filename wildcards found in many operating systems. For example, abc* will match any name starting with ab: it means literally ab followed by zero or more c's.
• The regular expression is not case sensitive, and it is applied to the name of the file without the extension.
For a full explanation of regular expressions, one good source is http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/regex/. If no pattern is given, all files of the specified types are processed.
File Types to Scan. Check the boxes for the desired file types. The file types are:
• IBM SPSS Statistics: .sav, .por
• SAS: .sas7bdat, .sd7, .sd2, .ssd01, and .xpt
• Stata: .dta
List of Custom Attributes to Include. Enter the names of any custom attributes whose values should be included in the output.
Maximum Length for Attribute Values. Custom attribute values can be up to 32767 bytes long. By default values are truncated to 256 bytes. Enter a different value to change this limit.
This dialog generates syntax for the GATHERMD extension command. To display help for this command, run the following syntax:
GATHERMD /HELP.
In syntax, a list of directories can be specified.This dialog requires the Integration Plug-In for Python and the GATHERMD extension command. For IBM SPSS Statistics 19 and higher, the Plug-In and the extension command are installed with the Essentials for Python package. For more information, see How to Get Integration Plug-Ins, under Core System > Frequently Asked Questions in the IBM SPSS Statistics Help system. If you downloaded the GATHERMD extension command from the SPSS Community, then please follow the instructions in the associated readme file.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1989, 2013


COMMON OF VIRGINS (option 3)
ENTRANCE ANTIPHON
Come, bride
of Christ, receive the crown, which the Lord has prepared for you for eternity (E.T. alleluia).
Or:
For love of
the Lord Jesus Christ, she despised the kingdom of the world and all worldly
things (E.T. alleluia).
COLLECT
O God, who declare that you abide in hearts that are pure, grant that
through the intercession of the Virgin blessed N.
we may be so fashioned by your grace, that we become a dwelling pleasing to you.
Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns
with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
Or:
Hear our
prayers, we ask, O Lord, that we, who devoutly honour the virtue of the Virgin
blessed N. may be worthy to abide in love of you
and to grow in it always until the end. Through our Lord
Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy
Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.
PRAYER OVER THE OFFERINGS
Receive, O Lord, the homage of our humble service, which we present to you in commemoration of the Virgin blessed N., and grant through the one unblemished sacrifice that we may constantly burn with devoted and holy love in your sight. Through Christ our Lord.
PREFACE of Virgins and Religious
or Others
COMMUNION ANTIPHON
The wise
virgin has chosen the better part, and it will not be taken from her (E.T. alleluia).
Or:
At midnight,
the cry went up: Behold, the Bridegroom is coming; come out to meet him (E.T. alleluia).
PRAYER AFTER COMMUNION
Renewed by
heavenly Bread, we humbly beseech your mercy, O Lord, that
we, who rejoice in commemorating blessed N., may
obtain pardon for our offences, health for our bodies, and grace and eternal
glory for our souls. Through Christ our Lord.


News story
Teachers, parents and students reminded to report suspicions of cheating
With summer GCSE, AS and A level exams under way, Ofqual is today (20 May) reminding teachers, schools, parents and students about the importance of reporting any evidence or suspicions of cheating, malpractice or exam fraud.
Employees of exam boards, schools, colleges or training centres should first raise any concerns with their employer if they can. More information is provided at gov.uk/whistleblowing
If a concern is reported to us and relates to a school, college or training centre, we will ask the appropriate awarding organisation to investigate. If a concern relates to an awarding organisation itself, then we will investigate the matter.
A spokesperson for Ofqual said:
It’s our job to maintain standards and confidence in qualifications. Cheating, malpractice or exam fraud undermines the hard work of students, teachers and schools. If anyone has concerns about qualifications we regulate then we would urge them to contact the appropriate exam board or us straight away. All reports are taken very seriously. If you see it or suspect it, report it.
We have produced a series of posters and postcards that schools may wish to use during the summer series to promote reporting.
NOTES TO EDITORS:
Before reporting a suspected incidence of malpractice, those with concerns should read Ofqual’s whistleblowing policy.
Cheating can be reported via the form on Ofqual’s website . Whistleblowing disclosures can also be made through the Ofqual helpline 0300 303 3344 between 9am and 5pm Monday to Friday and by email to public.enquiries@ofqual.gov.uk


Errors
public enum Errors : Error
The error enum declaration.
-
This is returned if the manager can’t power on.
Declaration
Swift
case bluetoothNotAvailable
-
This is returned if we cannot connect to the device. The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case connectionAttemptFailed(error: Error?)
-
This is returned if we connected, but no device was available. This should never happen.
Declaration
Swift
case connectionAttemptFailedNoDevice
-
This is returned if we cannot disconnect from the device. The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case disconnectionAttemptFailed(error: Error?)
-
This is a “catchall” error for a disconnection issue
Declaration
Swift
case unknownDisconnectionError
-
This is a “catchall” error for peripheral discovery The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case unknownPeripheralDiscoveryError(error: Error?)
-
This means that we did not get a characteristic value
Declaration
Swift
case characteristicValueMissing
-
This means that there was a timeout. The associated value is any relevant data for that command (typeless).
Declaration
Swift
case commandTimeout(commandData: Any?)
-
This is a “catchall” error for characteristics discovery The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case unknownCharacteristicsDiscoveryError(error: Error?)
-
This is a “catchall” error for characteristics value read The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case unknownCharacteristicsReadValueError(error: Error?)
-
This is a “catchall” error. The associated value is any error that occurred.
Declaration
Swift
case unknownError(error: Error?)
-
The localized description is a simple slug that can be used to key a client-supplied message. It is a very simple class.enum.case String. NOTE: This May not be in the main thread!
Declaration
Swift
public var localizedDescription: String { get }


3/25 email
All:
Please review this guidance from CUNY Academic Affairs regarding current restrictions on travel:
Prospective Academic and Business Travel (Faculty, Students, and Staff): All non-essential university-related international and domestic travel is indefinitely suspended at this time, this includes the suspension of all Spring 2020 and Summer 2020 study abroad programs. It also includes all CUNY-sponsored student international travel (including spring break), non-CUNY credit-bearing programs, and non-credit travel under the auspices of CUNY or any CUNY college or student organization. Please know that credits earned on non-CUNY study abroad programs this summer will not be accepted by the University.
Requests for exceptions to this policy will continue to be reviewed by the Office of Global Education and Initiatives and the Office of Risk, Audit and Compliance, but will also be elevated to the Executive Vice Chancellor and University Provost, who will make a final recommendation to the Chancellor after consideration of any national and local travelrestrictions, as well as guidance established by local health authorities and the CDC for New York and the traveldestination to limit the risk of exposure and unintended geographic spread of COVID-19.
Offices supporting group travel should continue to submit Trip Proposals and provide risk management reporting as usual.
Planning For and Returning from Personal Travel: The Department of State’s Global Health Advisory (issued March 19, 2020) warns that a shutdown of international travel options is imminent, and that Americans abroad should arrange to immediately return to the U.S., or risk an indefinite stay abroad. In order to help CUNY students return home before it is too late, CUNY will continue to offer rebooking support to any CUNY student or employee abroad (regardless of citizenship) who is unable to make these arrangements directly with the airline. Individuals should contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with details on their CUNY affiliation (including EMPLID if possible) to receive instructions on accessing this support.


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Here are the Manager of the Year vote totals
Below are point totals for the balloting, as voted on by members of the Baseball Writers' Association of America. Ballots for each award were submitted before the start of the postseason from two writers in every city, based on the league covered.
The system rewards five points for first place, three for second place and one for third place.
American League results
1) Rocco Baldelli, MIN: 13 (1st place), 13 (2nd place), 2 (3rd place) -- 106 points
2) Aaron Boone, NYY: 13 (1st), 9 (2nd), 4 (3rd) -- 96
3) Kevin Cash, TB: 3 (1st), 3 (2nd), 9 (3rd) -- 33
4) Bob Melvin, OAK: 3 (2nd), 10 (3rd) -- 19
5) AJ Hinch, HOU: 1 (1st), 1 (2nd), 4 (3rd) -- 12
6) Terry Francona, CLE: 1 (2nd), 1 (3rd) -- 4
• All-time Manager of the Year Award winners: AL | NL
National League results
1) Mike Shildt, STL: 10 (1st place), 14 (2nd place), 3 (3rd place) -- 95
2) Craig Counsell, MIL: 13 (1st), 6 (2nd), 5 (3rd) -- 88
3) Brian Snitker, ATL: 3 (1st), 6 (2nd), 12 (3rd) -- 45
4) Dave Roberts, LAD: 4 (1st), 1 (2nd), 2 (3rd) -- 25
5) Dave Martinez, WSH: 3 (2nd), 6 (3rd) -- 15
6) Torey Lovullo, ARI: 2 (3rd) -- 2


French Montana released from intensive care after being rushed to hospital
Rapper French Montana has confirmed he is ‘finally’ out of intensive care after being rushed to hospital last week.
The 35-year-old star revealed in a post on Instagram that he was out of the ICU, and was gradually recovering after suffering from exhaustion, dehydration, an irregular heart rate and severe stomach pain.
‘Thank you everyone for all the prayers, love and support,’ French captioned an image of himself standing up in his hospital room. ‘I’m finally out of the ICU and am getting better one day at a time.’
Fans immediately wished the rapper a speedy recovery and sent him love and support on social media.
French had posted another brief update on Instagram earlier this week, revealing he was in the intensive care unit, with a board on the wall of his room revealed hospital staff were trying to “manage pain” for him.
Advertisement Advertisement
TMZ had originally reported that French Montana – real name Karim Kharbouch – was rushed to a Los Angeles hospital after suffering from ‘scary cardiac issues and intense nausea’.
Police were said to have attended French’s Calabasas home after a neighbour reportedly called 911, believing a robbery was taking place. Officers called him an ambulance after he collapsed following their arrival.
The suspected cause of his issues is believed to be contaminated food, after sources claimed he was travelling around Europe and the Middle East over the past few weeks.
French, who previously dated Khloe Kardashian in 2013 and 2014, had returned to his native Morocco to visit family.
A source informed E! News that Khloe immediately got in touch with French after his hospitalisation to express her concern for his well-being.
‘Khloe has been in touch with French,’ a source told the outlet. ‘She heard the news and was concerned about him. ‘She is still worried about him and hoping he gets some good news and they figure out what’s going on.’
French is due to release his third studio album Montana, this month, which will feature collaborations with Post Malone and Cardi B.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a celebrity story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


Company
{Company_field}
Name
{Name_field}
Email
{Email_field}
Select
{Select_field}
Inquiry
{Inquiry_Messages}
Attached Files
{attachFile}
COMPANY NAME
Tel: 00-00000000
Fax: 00-000000
E-mail:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Designed by Some Company


module Primus:sig
..end
Primus is a microexecution framework that can be used to build CPU and full system emulators, symbolic executers, static fuzzers, policy checkers, tracers, quickcheck-like test suites, etc.
The underlying idea is quite simple - Primus interprets a lifted program. The interpreter provides a set of extension points through which it is possible to observe what is happening inside the interpreter, and even to change the interpreter behavior. This extension points are called "observations" in Primus parlance. A simple publish/subscriber architecture is used to watch for the interpreter events, where subscribers are allowed to arbitrary change the interpreter state.
A novel idea is that the interpreter is non-deterministic in the same sense as a non-deterministic Turing machine. That means that any computation may have more than one result. Every time there is a non-determinism in the computation the machine state is cloned. Different scheduling policies mixed with different non-deterministic startegies provide an analyst a vast selection of avenues to investigate.
Primus is build around an idea of a component base linearly extensible interpreter. That means, that an analysis can be built from basic building blocks, with minimal coupling between them. The central component is the Interpreter itself. It evaluates a program and interacts with three other components:
Env
component defines the environment
behavior, i.e., variables. Finally, the Memory
component is
responsible for the memory representation.
Primus framework is implemented as a monad transformer that
wraps any monad into the Machine
monad. The Machine
monad
denotes a computation, and is implemented as a composition of
state, exception, and continuation passing monad.
Each user component is a functor that is parametrized by a
Machine monad. It is require to provide only one function -
init
. Usually, this function subscribes to observations, but
it can modify other components (depending on their interface).
type
exn = ..
The exn type is an extensible variant, and components
usually register their own error constructors.
type 'a
observation
an observation
of a value of type an
.type 'a
statement
a statement
is used to make an observation of type a
.type
value
type
exit_status =
| |
Normal |
| |
Exn of |
type 'a
effect
Machine.Main
module.type
generator
module Observation:sig
..end
module Pos:sig
..end
typepos =
Pos.t
module Machine:sig
..end
type'a
state ='a Machine.state
typecomponent =
Machine.component
module Value:sig
..end
module Interpreter:sig
..end
module Iterator:sig
..end
module Generator:sig
..end
module Linker:sig
..end
module Env:sig
..end
module Memory:sig
..end
module Lisp:sig
..end
module Exn:sig
..end


Rewyndr was founded on the belief that a picture is worth a thousand words, and when those words are connected to objects in a photo, a story is told, a problem is solved, a connection is made. All of our products leverage proprietary image-based technologies to create this enlightenment. For our consumer products, the value is measured in more meaningful personal communications, connections, and memories; for our business products the ROI is proven through better and more timely solutions to difficult problems.
Engaging Usability
Our solutions here at Rewyndr are here to help you not only solve your business problems but also engage the customer in an immersive yet helpful solution.
Image-based Technologies
We harness sophisticated technology to create innovative image-based mobile apps that solve perplexing business problems
High Value Solutionfs
Usability is our top priority here at Rewyndr when it comes to designing our solutions. We strive for the best user experience for customers
Here at Rewyndr, we focus on creating image-based mobile apps that solve perplexing business problems. Our products deliver sustained user engagement and increased business value through spontaneous, on-the-spot information into current business process and data stores.
InSite is a mobile application that uses image analytics to enable field operators to dynamically collaborate with management and experts in remote locates to efficiently solve problems.


Short Thoughts: keep your tests simple
Writing good tests, whether they are unit, acceptance, integration etc, is hard. Few tests will run quickly but probably won’t cover much of the code, however, having high coverage doesn’t mean your tests are good either. The way tests are written also depends on what the software and it’s structure is. Notwithstanding, there’s one aspect that I believe always helps, simplicity.
Software is complex
Writing software is hard, and thus, bugs are an unavoidable and undesired side effect. While complexity should be avoided, some problems require solutions that are not simple, therefore, we can say some software is inherently complex.
By creating tests we attempt to ensure software behaves the way we want and that it continues to do so as it is modified. With different kinds of tests at different abstraction levels we attempt to unravel this complexity.
Destroying complexity is the whole point
Tests should be kept as simple and explicit as possible. If tests contain bugs then that defeats the purpose of having them in the first place.When looking at a test it should be fairly obvious:
- What is being tested.
- What is expected (and what shouldn’t happen).
- Where test data comes from.
- How they add value.
There’s probably a problem with your tests if:
- There’s logic in them aside from the use of simple helper functions (such as, for example checking if two collections have the same elements).
- There are branching paths.
- They depend on each other due to side effects.
- It is hard to track where data is coming from or even what the test data is.
TL;DR
Complexity causes bugs, keep your tests explicit and easy to follow so that you avoid the problem tests try to fix in the first place.


Home
App
About Us
Brew Fellows
How do you feel about kombucha?
I love it!
Not a fan...
Are you carnivorous?
Yes, I acknowledge my place at the top of the food chain.
No, Im a donating member of PETA.
Do you like to take pictures of your food?
Yes
No
How LIT are you trying to get?
🔥
🔥🔥
🔥🔥🔥
Do you identify as a redneck?
You know it, brother!
Not a chance...
Which Taco Bell hot sauce is your favorite?
Mild
Hot
Fire
Fortnite or PUBG?
PUBG
Fortnite
Do you like BBQ?
Yes
No
Do you like cheese?
Yes
No
Get your beer suggestion!


internal val audioPlayer: AudioPlayer
A Lavaplayer AudioPlayer instance.
audioPlayer - A Lavaplayer AudioPlayer instance.
audioPlayer


Generates a sitemap.xmlfile at yoursite.com/sitemap.xml
Submits your sitemap.xml file to Google, bing and yandex.
Removes all white space from the code I write. This ensures faster parsing by the browser and smaller file sizes.
this optimizes the file sizes of any images on your website.
This performs a oogle Lighthouse test on your site and the site will not deploy unless passed.
Tests for any vulnerabilities in the javaScript
Replaces and ENV variables to ensure any sensitive code is not shown to users.


Adopt a Kitten
Name:
Cat Image:
Breed:
Age:
Fav Food:
Is good with Dogs:
Is good with Cats:
Is Good with Kids:
Kittens Available for Adoption:


You've found the demo page for
Carota, a rich text editor implemented entirely in JavaScript that uses HTML5 Canvas for rendering. Most
in-browser editors use a built-in feature called
contentEditable
to do most of the hard work, but this has some limitations and drawbacks that are just
too much for more sensitive people, like me, to bear, so I decided to start from scratch. (Anyway, it's fun to
write your own editor!)
The source code is released under the very permissive MIT license, so you can do pretty much anything you want with it.
At runtime Carota has no external dependencies. You just pull in the carota-min.js file using the SCRIPT tag and away you go. Or else get node and use:
npm install carota
to get the full source, including this demo site. By the way,
Carota itself is displaying all this text, meaning that you can play with the editor right now! Try
Ctrl+A
and then
Backspace
to clear this document and see how the JSON view on the right changes as you make further edits.
Press
Ctrl+Z
to undo your changes.
Click the links below for more information...
For many people's needs, the
contentEditable
attribute in modern browsers is quite adequate. But if you need more control over rich
text editing it is sadly a dead end.
The word processor in
Google Docs does not use
contentEditable
. Nor does
Apple's Pages in iCloud. Instead they have their own JavaScript-based rich text rendering and editing code.
Sadly they are not open source licensed!
In some ways,
contentEditable
is too powerful. It allows your users to edit every possible feature of HTML implemented
by the browser. I often find that I only want to support a simple form of rich text that is totally under my
control. And the API for representing a range within the text is quite complex because it has to deal with the
tree-like nature of the DOM. I wish there was a simple way to work in pure character positions (i.e. mere integers).
In other ways,
contentEditable
is frustratingly inadequate. There are built-in commands for applying formatting changes
to the current selection, but they
suck, especially setting the font size. There are bugs and quirks that vary between browsers. Taming
contentEditable
can become a full-time job in itself.
Bear in mind that
Carota does not implement all the same features as HTML's
contentEditable
. If you're okay with the limitations of
contentEditable
then by all means you should stick with it.
Several representations of text play a part in Carota.
JSON is the cornerstone of persistence in JavaScript. It is used here to represent rich text, which is just
an array of objects. Each object is called a
run, and has a property called
text
and various other optional properties to specify the formatting for the text in the run. The text
can include inline objects of your own invention, which you can tell
Carota how to represent. (That's how the smiley icons work in this demo - try inserting one!)
Characters are objects representing the characters in the text as a single continuous stream of objects. This is an abstraction over the JSON format to make it easy to split the text into words.
Words are objects representing the words in the text, the output of the word-breaking process. A word has
two parts: the non-space characters, and the trailing space characters. Either part may be empty, but not both.
(A new line is always emitted as a separate word.) Of course, a word can contain regions of the text with different
formatting. All edits to the document involve modifying the list of words. Words store their own dimensions (
width
,
ascent
and
descent
).
Static representation is the result of word-wrapping. Every time the word list is modified, wrapping must
be performed, but it's pretty fast because we already know the dimensions of each word. The static representation
is a list of
Line
objects, and each line contains a list of
PositionedWord
objects, each of which contains a list of
PositionedCharacter
objects. These objects form a uniform hierarchy of nodes, and at the root is the
Document
. Everything is already positioned, so drawing to the canvas is fast, and implementing the editor
is pretty easy. Also any custom inline objects are converted into handlers that know how to render them.
Those are the main core representations involved. In addition a subset of HTML can be loaded into the editor via a parser that converts it into the native JSON format.
First, the bad news: if you need to support IE8 and earlier, then Carota is not for you. Right now it requires Canvas. It may be extended in the future to support other ways of rendering.
This demo page has been deliberately set up to make it easy to learn from, the old fashioned way: using the View source command. Everything is in a single index.html file.
It begins with some basic CSS styling, mostly for positioning. Then there is the HTML, most of which is for the "toolbar". Carota does not have a built-in toolbar, but it's very easy to wire up your own controls to it. This page does it in about 30 lines of code.
The text for these pages is held in some hidden DIVs, which get parsed into the native JSON format and then loaded into the editor.
Finally there is a PRE element that displays the JSON saved from the editor, every time you make an edit.
The parts of the code that interact with
Carota
(there isn't much) works by calling
carota.editor.create
to cause the editor to be created. Then methods are called on the resulting object
to
load
this text, to subscribe to events (
selectionChanged
,
contentChanged
), to
performUndo
(and discover if we
canUndo
), to query or modify the
selectedRange
and to
insert
inline elements (the smiley button).
There are also a handful of calls to functions in
carota.dom
which is just a very minimal helper library for conveniently wiring up events, etc. In your
own code you'll probably want to use a more full-featured alternative like jQuery, etc.
Carota deliberately avoids depending on any such general DOM-manipulation library so it can integrate
with anything.


-d NNN --debug-code=NNN |
| |
Set the debugging code to NNN. NNN is an integer, currently between 0 and 31
(inclusive). This would probably be better named "verbose-code", as
it allows you to turn on and off the verboseness of different program sections.
1 = Errors
2 = Program Arguments
4 = Character Set Actions
8 = General Regex Parsing
16 = Detailed Regex Parsing
You can decide which sections you want to be verbose by adding only those numbers, and
giving the sum to --debug-code. The default value is 1.
|
-f filename --file=filename |
| |
Read in the regular expression from the file filename. The regular expression
should be given on one line in the file, with or without an ending
carriage return (ASCII 10). If the special filename - is given,
regldg will finish parsing the command line arguments and then wait for you
to enter the regular expression. This wait will occur without a prompt, so
that expected output isn't altered.
|
-m NNN --max-length=NNN |
| |
Set the maximum length of the "words" output to NNN. NNN is an
integer, currently 0 or more. If your regular expression has open-ended
quantifiers like *, +, or {3,}, you'll want to keep
the maximum length of the words output in check. Otherwise, there'll be
no problems setting it very high.
|
-n NNN --num-words-output=NNN |
| |
Limit the number of words output to NNN. NNN is an integer. Negative
values mean no limit. The default is -1.
|
-p --parse-only |
| |
Tells regldg to parse the regular expression verbosely, then quit.
|
-r --readable-output |
| |
Replace any "non-printable" character (as defined by isprint()
in the ctype.h library, man isprint) with it's ASCII decimal
equivalent surrounded by { and }. This will allow you to
use non-printable characters in your regular expressions, and see what will
happen in the output. You can avoid things like printing system bells,
unintended newline characters, backspaces, and any other non-printable character.
|
-uc NNN --universe-checking=NNN |
| |
Set the character universe checking code to NNN. NNN is an integer, currently
between 0 and 3 (inclusive). Following are descriptions of the character universe
checking options:
1 = Prevent characters which are not in the character universe to be included when
explicitly stated. Without this, you are allowed to use "foreign" characters
in your regular expression without modifying the character universe.
2 = Prevent character and meta-character classes from being intersected with
the current character universe. Without this, . would
represent ASCII characters 0-255, instead of only those in the current character
universe.
You can combine the character universe checking codes by adding their
numbers, and giving the sum to --universe-checking. The default value
is 3 (strict character universe checking).
|
-us NNN --universe-set=NNN |
| |
Set the character universe to pre-defined set NNN. NNN is an integer, currently
between 0 and 255 (inclusive). Following are descriptions of the pre-defined
universe sets:
1 = Uppercase letters A-Z
2 = Lowercase letters a-z
4 = Digits 0-9
8 = Shift-digits !@#$%^&*
16 = Punctuation ",'.:;?_` and [space]
32 = Parens, brackets and braces ()[]{}
64 = Other stuff ~/|\
128 = Math +-=
You can combine the universe sets by adding their numbers, and
giving the sum to --universe-set. The default value is 7. This
will override any previous -u or -us arguments.
|
-u [UNIVERSE] --universe=[UNIVERSE] |
| |
Explicitly specify the character universe as a character class. This will
override any previous -u or -us arguments. Note: this
does not take into account any previously defined universe or universe set.
Any meta-characters specified here will be fully included - . will
include all ASCII characters 0-255.
Negated character classes (those with ^ as the first character) will
be calculated from the full set of ASCII characters 0-255.
|


Home
(current)
About
Services
Contact
Disaster recovery
Ticket number
something here
Supplies ( 3 days/person/unit )
Water
Food :
shelter :
clothes :
home health care nurses :
Assign Task
Company 1
Company 2
Company 3
Company 4
Estimated timw will be :


Here is an example of bd3-bar-chart element
Title: Height: Width:
Height is {{height}}, Width is {{width}}
Selected Name: {{name}} Selected Value: {{value}}


+++ title = "A week of movies" slug = "a-week-of-movies" date = 2007-04-07T16:00:00+10:00 tags = ["movies", "chilled"] locations = ["peru/lima"] draft = false summary = """
I just realised that in the past week, I've seen more movies (most in English) than in any other week so far on my trip! The reason: the Flying Dog has a big TV, 50 cable channels, and a stash of DVDs; and we've been watching at least one movie a night, and sometimes more in the daytime, the whole time we've been here.
""" +++I just realised that in the past week, I've seen more movies (most in English) than in any other week so far on my trip! The reason: the Flying Dog has a big TV, 50 cable channels, and a stash of DVDs; and we've been watching at least one movie a night, and sometimes more in the daytime, the whole time we've been here.
I can't remember everything I saw, but I definitely watched all or part of:
Plus, dodgy TV shows in between. Typical for the Easter / Pesach time of year: a couch potato week.


BRAccountLinkingConfiguration
Objective-C
@interface BRAccountLinkingConfiguration : NSObject
/**
* Set this property to control how far back in the user's history to search for orders
*
* Default: 15
*/
@property (nonatomic) NSInteger dayCutoff;
/**
* This property is an alternative to `dayCutoff` which allows you to set a specific date/time that serves as the boundary of how far back to search.
* If set, it will override `dayCutoff`
*
* Default: nil
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong, nullable) NSDate *dateCutoff;
/**
* When set to YES, the first scrape will attempt to retrieve orders back to the `dayCutoff` or `dateCutoff` but all subsequent scrapes will only go as far back as the last scrape date regardless of whether the first scrape completed
* When set to NO, subsequent scrapes will continue to fetch historical orders until `dayCutoff` or `dateCutoff` is reached, and after that, scrapes will only go back to the last scrape date
*
* Default: YES
*/
@property (nonatomic) BOOL returnLatestOrdersOnly;
/**
* Set this to a different country to access the correct version of the retailer's site, if it exists for that country (currently only supports Amazon UK)
*
* Default: @"US"
*/
@property (nonatomic, copy, nonnull) NSString *countryCode;
@end
Swift
class BRAccountLinkingConfiguration : NSObject
-
Set this property to control how far back in the user’s history to search for orders
Default: 15
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (nonatomic) NSInteger dayCutoff;
Swift
var dayCutoff: Int { get set }
-
This property is an alternative to
dayCutoff
which allows you to set a specific date/time that serves as the boundary of how far back to search. If set, it will overridedayCutoff
Default: nil
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (nonatomic, strong, nullable) NSDate *dateCutoff;
Swift
var dateCutoff: Date? { get set }
-
When set to YES, the first scrape will attempt to retrieve orders back to the
dayCutoff
ordateCutoff
but all subsequent scrapes will only go as far back as the last scrape date regardless of whether the first scrape completed When set to NO, subsequent scrapes will continue to fetch historical orders untildayCutoff
ordateCutoff
is reached, and after that, scrapes will only go back to the last scrape dateDefault: YES
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (nonatomic) BOOL returnLatestOrdersOnly;
Swift
var returnLatestOrdersOnly: Bool { get set }
-
Set this to a different country to access the correct version of the retailer’s site, if it exists for that country (currently only supports Amazon UK)
Default: @“US”
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (nonatomic, copy, nonnull) NSString *countryCode;
Swift
var countryCode: String { get set }


Wireframe Baker
Baking Tutorial Video (baking not required for DX11, except Angle Threshold mode)
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Data Channel | Where should the wireframe data be baked into? UV3: The fourth UV channel of the mesh. Color: The COLOR channel of the mesh. |
| Distance Scale | This determines how the distance field is calculated. Default: Normalized by dividing by the minimum distance. This solves the artefacts caused by pure barycentrics. Screen Space: All wires have equal width in screen space. (Not supported with a smooth Wire Style) World Space: All wires have equal width in world space. Barycentric: Pure barycentric distance field. Choose this option when using an “Angle Threshold” baking mode. Angle Threshold: This mode disables wires where the edges are not sharp enough. This sharpness is determined by the angle threshold. |
| Scene Scale | How much are the models scaled in the scene? |
| Import Scale | How much are the models scaled compared to what is in the source files? |
| Threshold Angle | (Degrees) Displays the wireframe only for edges sharper than the threshold angle. |
| Apply Material | Clone all source materials and replace with wireframe materials. |
Guide
Open the Wireframe Baker Window by selecting Tools > Wireframe Artist Baker or by pressing Ctrl+W on Windows or cmd+W on OS X.
Select the objects in the Project or the Hierarchy Window that need to be baked. Select folders or parent objects to batch the bake process.
Choose your preferred settings and press the Bake button. The output assets will be placed in the folder Baked Assets.
Be sure to match the Distance Scale and the Data Channel for the material. If the baking mode is Angle Threshold, choose Barycentric as Distance Scale on the corresponding material.
Baking at Run-time
It is also possible to bake meshes at run-time. This is especially useful for procedural generation.
WireframeBaker.Convert
public static Mesh Convert(Mesh mesh, BakingMode bakingMode, Channel channel, float thresholdAngle=0, float sceneScale=1, float importScale=1)
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| mesh | The mesh to bake a wireframe into. |
| bakingmode | This determines how the distance field is calculated. Default: Normalized by dividing by the minimum distance. This solves the artefacts caused by pure barycentrics. Screen Space: All wires have equal width in screen space. (Not supported with a smooth Wire Style) World Space: All wires have equal width in world space. Barycentric: Pure barycentric distance field. Choose this option when using an “Angle Threshold” baking mode. Angle Threshold: This mode disables wires where the edges are not sharp enough. This sharpness is determined by the angle threshold. |
| channel | Where should the wireframe data be baked into? UV3: The fourth UV channel of the mesh. Color: The COLOR channel of the mesh. |
| thresholdAngle | (Degrees) Displays the wireframe only for edges sharper than the threshold angle. |
| sceneScale | How much are the models scaled in the scene? |
| importScale | How much are the models scaled compared to what is in the source files? |
Example:
using WireframeArtist
...
mesh = WireframeBaker.Convert(mesh, BakingMode.AngleThreshold, Channel.UV3, thresholdAngle:20);


My favorite creepypasta:
Warning: creepypastas may contain gore and adult content, read at your own risk.


404!
Sorry! The Page Not Found
Oops! The page you are looking for does not exit. it might been moved or deleted.
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In this Bite we learn a bit of operator overloading. Finish the Thumbs
class that returns an amount of thumbs up (👍) or thumbs down (👎) emojis based on the int
it is multiplied with.
Override the corresponding dunder methods to make this work. No constructor method should be needed, the thumbs emojis to be used are defined in constants.
Best to see it in action using the REPL:
>>> from thumbs import Thumbs >>> th = Thumbs() >>> th * 1 '👍' >>> th * 2 '👍👍' >>> th * 3 '👍👍👍'
Starting 4 it shortens by returns the emoji once, followed by the amount in parentheses:
>>> th * 4 '👍 (4x)' >>> th * 5 '👍 (5x)' >>> th * 6 '👍 (6x)' ...
For negative numbers the emoji changes from thumbs up to thumbs down:
>>> th * -1 '👎' >>> th * -2 '👎👎' >>> th * -3 '👎👎👎'
Again starting 4 it shows the number in parentheses (this was a real world use case actually):
>>> th * -4 '👎 (4x)' >>> th * -5 '👎 (5x)' >>> th * -6 '👎 (6x)' ...
It should raise an exception if the number is 0:
>>> th * 0 Traceback (most recent call last): ... ValueError: Specify a number
And lastly it should work both ways:
>>> th * 1 '👍' >>> 1 * th '👍' >>> -3 * th '👎👎👎' >>> 7 * th '👍 (7x)' >>> -6 * th '👎 (6x)' >>> 0 * th ... ValueError: Specify a number
We hope this shows you a bit of the power of operator overloading. If you want to learn more about Python's data model and dunder methods, check out Bob's guest post: Enriching Your Python Classes With Dunder (Magic, Special) Methods.
Have fun and keep calm and code in Python!


When installing QNEAT3 using the QGIS Plugin Manager, a limited selection of algorithms (Shortest Path, OD-Matrices and certain Iso-Area algorithms) is available to you out-of-the-box. This is due to some Iso-Area algorithms (Iso-Contours and Iso-Polygons) relying on the matplotlib library that isn't shipped with QGIS3.
In order to activate the Iso-Area as Polygon/Contour algorithms you have to add the matplotlib library to your QGIS-Python installation.
Depending on your operating system you may install matplotlib manually using the following options:
Windows:
python-qgis -m pip install matplotlib
into the shellpython-qgis -m pip install matplotlib
into the terminal, then hit Enter and confirm installation with 'yes' when prompted/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.x/bin/pip3.x install matplotlib
(please replace the version number x
according to your installation) into the terminal, then hit Enter and confirm installation with 'yes' when promptedWhen running a QNEAT3 algorithm it can be useful to enable the processing window to stay open after the algorithm is finished. With this option enabled, you can inspect the algorithms messages and infos that are logged at runtime in the log window. You may set this option under Settings>Options...>Processing>General>Keep dialog open after running an algorithm (tick the checkbox to enable this option).


| 006:057 Khan | : |
Say (O Muhammad SAW): "I am on clear proof from my Lord (Islamic Monotheism), but you deny (the truth that has come to me from Allah). I have not gotten what you are asking for impatiently (the torment). The decision is only for Allah, He declares the truth, and He is the Best of judges." |
| 006:057 Maulana | : |
Say: Surely I have manifest proof from my Lord and you call it a lie. I have not with me that which you would hasten. The judgment is only Allah's. He relates the truth and He is the Best of deciders. |
| 006:057 Pickthal | : |
Say: I am (relying) on clear proof from my Lord, while ye deny Him. I have not that for which ye are impatient. The decision is for Allah only. He telleth the truth and He is the Best of Deciders. |
| 006:057 Rashad | : |
Say, "I have solid proof from my Lord, and you have rejected it. I do not control the retribution you challenge me to bring. Judgment belongs with GOD alone. He narrates the truth, and He is the best judge." |
| 006:057 Sarwar | : |
Say, "I have received enough authoritative evidence from my Lord but you have rejected it. Whatever (torment that God has threatened you with for your disbelief) and that which you insist on to experience without delay, is not in my hands. The (final) Judgment is in the hands of God. He reveals the Truth and He is the best Judge. |
| 006:057 Shakir | : |
Say: Surely I have manifest proof from my Lord and you call it a lie; I have not with me that which you would hasten; the t judgment is only Allah's; He relates the truth and He is the best of deciders. |
| 006:057 Sherali | : |
Say, 'I take my stand on a clear evidence from my Lord and you reject it. That which you desire to be hastened is not in my power. The decision rest with ALLAH alone. HE explains the truth and HE is the Best of Judges.' |
| 006:057 Yusufali | : |
Say: "For me, I (work) on a clear sign from my Lord, but ye reject Him. What ye would see hastened, is not in my power. The command rests with none but Allah: He declares the truth, and He is the best of judges." |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > إنفراده تعالى بالأمروالحكم Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah>His Individualism of Order and Rule أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > أوامره Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Order أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > صفات الله تعالى > خير الفاصلين Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Glory's Characteristics> The Best of Judges أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > تعنت الكفار واستعجالهم بالعذاب Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Disbelievers' Stubbornness and their Acceleration to Torture أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > المكذبون الظالمون > صفاتهم Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Oppressive Liars> Their Characteristics الإيمان > الغيب > الغيب النفسي > القضاء والقدر Faith> The Unseen World> The Psychological Secret> Fate and Divine Decree العلاقات القضائية > علاقات قانونية ودستورية > الحق Judicial Relationships>Legal and Constitutional Relations>The Right
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


This is the lyrics of Ganesh Panchratnam Stotra or Stotram in English and Devanagari script. You will also find the meaning of Ganesh Panchratnam Stotra or Stotram in English. The Ganesh Panchratnam Stotra or Stotram is read to please Lord Ganesh/Ganesha.
 The one
who wears the moon as an ornament and the protector of all the worlds.
The one who acts as a guide/leader to the destitute or helpless
people, the destroyer of Gajasura, an elephant-faced demon. The one
who removes the bad and inauspicious things in one's lives, I bow to
you, the God Vinayaka.
 I pray
to the one who destroys the enemies of the gods and who frees and
uplift his devotees from the obstacles. Oh Ganesha, the leader of gods
(Suras), the leader of wealth, the elephant-faced god and the Chief of
celestial attendants (Ganas). The one who is like God Maheswara and
always offers protection to the devotees who approached him.
Samasthaloka shankaram Nirastha daithya kunjaram
Daretaro-daramvaram Varebha vakthramaksharam
Krupakaram kshamakaram mudaakaram yashaskaram
Manaskaram Namaskrutham Namaskaromi bhaswaram ॥ 3 ॥
I bow to the God Ganesha, who gives auspiciousness to all the worlds,
the destroyer of demons who are like the musth elephant. The one who
has a big stomach that signifies space and prosperity. Who gives great
boons and the elephant-faced god. The one who showers the grace, the
forgiver of mistakes, The god of happiness and the who gives glory to
his devotees. The one who gives good thoughts to the devotees. I bow
to you, the god with shining form.
Akimchanarthi maarjanam Chiranthanokthi bhaajanam
Puraaripoorva nandanam Suraarigarva charvanam
Prapanchanaasha bheeshanam Dhanamjayaadi Bhushanam
Kapoladaana vaaranam Bhajepuraana vaaranam ॥ 4 ॥
I bow to the God Ganesh, who removes the sufferings of the destitute
or helpless, who is praised in the ancient texts and sayings. The
elder son of the Shiva, Purari- the destroyer of Tripura's, the
destroyer of the pride of the demons. The one who uses his powers
during the great dissolution (Pralaya), adorned with gods like Agni as
his ornaments. The one whose cheeks flows downs the fluid of grace
like the elephant, I adore you the primordial or ancient
elephant-headed god.
 The one whose true form was unimaginable, The eternal
one, the remover of obstacles. The god who lives in the hearts of
yogi's always. I meditate on the deity with a single tusk and the
remover of obstacles.
Mahaganesha Pancharatna Maadarena Yoanvaham
Prajalpati prabhatake Hrudhismaran ganeshwaram
Arogatama dhoshatam Susahitheem suputratham
Samahitayu rashtabhuthi Mabhyupaiti soachiraath ॥ 6 ॥
One who reads Maha Ganesha pancharatnam with devotion every day and
Recites this in the morning keeping God Ganesha in the heart
will be granted good Health, blamelessness or life without faults, good skills, and education, good children
along with a complete life with all the eight wealth’s (Asthaiwaryas).


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What do we do?
Expand your audience to Brazil by translating:
Apps
Websites
Documents
We also provide interpretations through video conferencing or in-person in the Greater Philadelphia Area
We believe that communication is the human connection.
We are a husband and wife team, one American and one Brazilian. Together, we translate your content accurately and effectively to ensure that your readers get to experience it in their own native language. We personally translate your content word by word to make sure it flows smoothly, just as you designed it. We know you work hard to create content users will love. Let us do the work of expanding your reach!


Summary
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Responsibilities:
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Education
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| University | {{ edu.university }} |
| Major / Faculty | {{ edu.faculty }} |
| Degree | {{ edu.degree }} |
Languages
| {{ language.title }} | {{ language.level }} |


--- layout: default title: Recent Articles ---
This is the official documentation page for the Nemesis style of physical training. If you're new here, get started with our About Page. Links are in the hidden sidebar on the left (toggle). And below are recent articles. Have fun!