pthread_mutex_init, pthread_mutex_lock, pthread_mutex_trylock, pthread_mutex_timedlock, pthread_mutex_unlock, pthread_mutex_consistent, pthread_mutex_destroy - operations on mutexes
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
pthread_mutex_t fastmutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t recmutex = PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t errchkmutex = PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
pthread_mutex_t recmutex = PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP;
pthread_mutex_t errchkmutex = PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER_NP;
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *mutexattr);
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_timedlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const struct timespec *abs_timeout);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_consistent(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
A mutex is a MUTual EXclusion device, and is useful for protecting shared data structures from concurrent modifications, and implementing critical sections and monitors.
A mutex has two possible states: unlocked (not owned by any thread), and locked (owned by one thread). A mutex can never be owned by two different threads simultaneously. A thread attempting to lock a mutex that is already locked by another thread is suspended until the owning thread unlocks the mutex first.
pthread_mutex_init initializes the mutex object pointed to by mutex according to the mutex attributes specified in mutexattr. If mutexattr is NULL, default attributes are used instead.
The type of a mutex determines whether it can be locked again by a thread that already owns it. The default type is â€œnormalâ€�. See pthread_mutexattr_init(3) for more information on mutex attributes.
Variables of type pthread_mutex_t can also be initialized statically, using the constants PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER (for normal â€œfastâ€� mutexes), PTHREAD_RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INITIALIZER (for recursive mutexes), and PTHREAD_ERRORCHECK_MUTEX_INITIALIZER (for error checking mutexes). In the PThreads4W implementation, an application should still call pthread_mutex_destroy at some point to ensure that any resources consumed by the mutex are released.
Any mutex type can be initialized as a robust mutex. See pthread_mutexattr_init(3) for more information as well as the section Robust Mutexes below.
pthread_mutex_lock locks the given mutex. If the mutex is currently unlocked, it becomes locked and owned by the calling thread, and pthread_mutex_lock returns immediately. If the mutex is already locked by another thread, pthread_mutex_lock suspends the calling thread until the mutex is unlocked.
If the mutex is already locked by the calling thread, the behavior of pthread_mutex_lock depends on the type of the mutex. If the mutex is of the â€œnormalâ€� type, the calling thread is suspended until the mutex is unlocked, thus effectively causing the calling thread to deadlock. If the mutex is of the â€˜â€˜error checkingâ€™â€™ type, pthread_mutex_lock returns immediately with the error code EDEADLK. If the mutex is of the â€˜â€˜recursiveâ€™â€™ type, pthread_mutex_lock succeeds and returns immediately, recording the number of times the calling thread has locked the mutex. An equal number of pthread_mutex_unlock operations must be performed before the mutex returns to the unlocked state.
pthread_mutex_trylock behaves identically to pthread_mutex_lock, except that it does not block the calling thread if the mutex is already locked by another thread (or by the calling thread in the case of a â€œnormalâ€� or â€œerrorcheckâ€� mutex). Instead, pthread_mutex_trylock returns immediately with the error code EBUSY.
pthread_mutex_timedlock behaves identically to pthread_mutex_lock, except that if it cannot acquire the lock before the abs_timeout time, the call returns with the error code ETIMEDOUT. If the mutex can be locked immediately it is, and the abs_timeout parameter is ignored.
pthread_mutex_consistent may only be called for PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST mutexes. It simply marks the mutex as consistent. See Robust Mutexes below.
pthread_mutex_unlock unlocks the given mutex. The mutex is assumed to be locked and owned by the calling thread on entrance to pthread_mutex_unlock. If the mutex is of the â€œnormalâ€� type, pthread_mutex_unlock always returns it to the unlocked state. If it is of the â€˜â€˜recursiveâ€™â€™ type, it decrements the locking count of the mutex (number of pthread_mutex_lock operations performed on it by the calling thread), and only when this count reaches zero is the mutex actually unlocked. In PThreads4W, non-robust normal or default mutex types do not check the owner of the mutex. For all types of robust mutexes the owner is checked and an error code is returned if the calling thread does not own the mutex.
On â€˜â€˜error checkingâ€™â€™ mutexes, pthread_mutex_unlock actually checks at run-time that the mutex is locked on entrance, and that it was locked by the same thread that is now calling pthread_mutex_unlock. If these conditions are not met, an error code is returned and the mutex remains unchanged. â€˜â€˜Normalâ€™â€™ [non-robust] mutexes perform no such checks, thus allowing a locked mutex to be unlocked by a thread other than its owner. This is non-portable behavior and is not meant to be used as a feature.
pthread_mutex_destroy destroys a mutex object, freeing the resources it might hold. The mutex must be unlocked on entrance.
If the mutex is PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST and the owning thread terminates without unlocking the mutex the implementation will wake one waiting thread, if any. The next thread to acquire the mutex will receive the error code EOWNERDEAD, in which case that thread should if possible ensure that the state protected by the mutex is consistent and then call pthread_mutex_consistent before unlocking. The mutex may then be used normally from then on.
If the thread cannot recover the state then it must call pthread_mutex_unlock without calling pthread_mutex_consistent. This will mark the mutex as unusable and wake all currently waiting threads with the return code ENOTRECOVERABLE. The error indicates that the mutex is no longer usable and any threads that receive this error code from any lock operation have not acquired the mutex. The mutex can be made consistent by calling pthread_mutex_destroy to uninitialize the mutex, and calling pthread_mutex_int to reinitialize the mutex. However, the state that was protected by the mutex remains inconsistent and some form of application recovery is required.
If a thread that receives the EOWNERDEAD error code itself terminates without unlocking the mutex then this behaviour repeats for the next acquiring thread.
Applications must ensure that they check the return values from all calls targeting robust mutexes.
Robust mutexes are slower because they require some additional overhead, however they are not very much slower than the non-robust recursive type.
None of the mutex functions is a cancellation point, not even pthread_mutex_lock, in spite of the fact that it can suspend a thread for arbitrary durations. This way, the status of mutexes at cancellation points is predictable, allowing cancellation handlers to unlock precisely those mutexes that need to be unlocked before the thread stops executing. Consequently, threads using deferred cancellation should never hold a mutex for extended periods of time.
The mutex functions are not async-signal safe. What this means is that they should not be called from a signal handler. In particular, calling pthread_mutex_lock or pthread_mutex_unlock from a signal handler may deadlock the calling thread.
pthread_mutex_init always returns 0. The other mutex functions return 0 on success and a non-zero error code on error.
The pthread_mutex_lock function returns the following error code on error:
The pthread_mutex_timedlock function returns the following error codes on error:
The pthread_mutex_unlock function returns the following error code on error:
The pthread_mutex_destroy function returns the following error code on error:
Xavier Leroy<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Modified by Ross Johnson for use with Pthreads4W.
pthread_mutexattr_init(3) , pthread_mutexattr_settype(3) , pthread_cancel(3) .
A shared global variable x can be protected by a mutex as follows:
int x; pthread_mutex_t mut = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
All accesses and modifications to x should be bracketed by calls to pthread_mutex_lock and pthread_mutex_unlock as follows:
pthread_mutex_lock(&mut); /* operate on x */ pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
Table of Contents


This page will provide helpful resources to aid you in your transition.
Based on your self assessment, here are some areas which might require
more focus than others.
Please complete a self assessment in order to assess which resources would help you most.
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I am a research staff scientist in mathematical imaging at the CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland, and a postdoctoral researcher at the EPFL's Biomedical Imaging Group, Lausanne, Switzerland. Any contact concerning academic purposes is more than welcome.
I am actively looking for faculty and senior researcher positions in the Stockholm area.
email
E-mail
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>videocam
Zoom room
bit.ly/PolZoom
work
Address
BM 4141, EPFL
phone
Telephone
+41 767898558
My research spans topics in signal processing and its applications, machine learning, inverse problems, mathematical statistics, and optimization. In general, I am drawn to engineering problems that require an extensive applied mathematics toolbox.
I strive to make the complete link between an applied engineering solution and rather abstract mathematical results. These last years, my focus has been on inverse problems for image reconstruction. During this time, I have studied practical problems in positron emission tomography, the stability of image-reconstruction algorithms, and multidimensional probability density estimation techniques based on regular splines. Previously, I have been involved in projects concerning wireless communications and the foundations of privacy-preserving data analysis.


Pets¶
The articles in this section explain how pets are constructed and used in PetBlocks.
Note
It is important to understand the concepts discussed in this section before you continue with the customization section.
The articles in this section explain how pets are constructed and used in PetBlocks.
Note
It is important to understand the concepts discussed in this section before you continue with the customization section.


This is my first blog
It will include essentialy images and texts with alignment
Also, making it aesthetic with is another task required
Just Created another branch and login file in it


Manager
- Employee Name: Tom
- Employee ID: 123
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Office #: 123
Engineer
- Employee Name: Hank
- Employee ID: 456
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Github: MyGithub
Intern
- Employee Name: Hally
- Employee ID: 789
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- School #: High School


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| AssertionService<T extends Assertion> | |
| BinaryPredicateService<T extends BinaryPredicate> | |
| ContextService<T extends Context> | |
| ConvenienceService<T extends KbObject> | |
| FactService<T extends Fact> | |
| FirstOrderCollectionService<T extends FirstOrderCollection> | |
| KbCollectionService<T extends KbCollection> | |
| KbFactoryServices | |
| KbFunctionService<T extends KbFunction> | |
| KbIndividualService<T extends KbIndividual> | |
| KbObjectService<T extends KbObject> | |
| KbPredicateService<T extends KbPredicate> | |
| KbTermService<T extends KbTerm> | |
| RelationService<T extends Relation> | |
| RuleService<T extends Rule> | |
| SecondOrderCollectionService<T extends SecondOrderCollection> | |
| SentenceService<T extends Sentence> | |
| SymbolService<T extends Symbol> | |
| VariableService<T extends Variable> |
Copyright © 2013–2015 Cycorp, Inc. All rights reserved.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 10-12
Dietary
Preheat the oven to 190C/375F/Gas 5.
Roll the sweet shortcrust pastry out onto a lightly dusted work surface to a 0.5cm/¼in thickness.
Carefully line a 23cm/9in, deep-sided tart tin with the pastry, pressing the pastry into the edges of the tin.
Line the pastry case with greaseproof paper and fill with baking beans or rice.
Place the tart tin onto a baking tray, then bake in the oven for 15 minutes.
Remove the greaseproof paper and baking beans or rice, then return the tart case to the oven and bake for a further 8-10 minutes, or until the pastry is crisp and pale golden-brown. Remove from the oven and set aside to cool slightly.
Meanwhile, beat the butter and sugar together in a bowl until pale and fluffy.
Crack in the eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition, until all of the eggs have been fully incorporated into the mixture.
Fold in the ground almonds until well combined.
When the pastry case has cooled, spread the raspberry jam in an even layer all over the bottom of the tart.
Spoon in the almond mixture and smooth the surface with a palette knife.
Dust the top of the tart with icing sugar, then sprinkle over the flaked almonds.
Return the tart to the oven and continue to cook for 25-30 minutes, or until the filling has risen and is cooked through and the surface is pale golden-brown. (NB: The filling is cooked through when a skewer inserted into the centre comes out clean.)
Remove the tart from the oven and set aside to cool slightly before serving.
To serve, place one slice of Bakewell tart into the centre of each of 10-12 serving plates. Place a spoonful of clotted cream on top of each slice. Drizzle the double cream around the edge of each plate.


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A python-based static-webpage-generator using markdown-syntax.
Copyright (c) 2013 Timm Albers
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Please make sure to have Python-Markdown installed. Use pip install markdown to install the modul or see markdown for additional infos.
Furthermore, you need watchdog. Use pip install watchdog to install the modul or see watchdog for additional infos.
It is recommended (but not necessary), to install LibYAML. Use brew install libyaml (on Mac OSX) to do so or see LibYAML for additional infos.
Add the following lines to .profile in your user-folder. cparse() { python /path/to/cParser.py "$1" }
cparse folder
The folder has to look something like this:
folder
|- content
|- pages
'- Example page.md
'- posts
'- Example post.md
'- template
|- index.html
|- page.html
'- post.html
The content-folder contains all content of the page in markdown-format. cparse will use the last-modified-date of each post/*.md-file to sort the entrys. The template folder contains all templates. index.html is the main-template, which is used for each page. The page.html and post.html will be included in index.html when they are needed.
You can use the following shortcuts in every file placed in the template-folder.
{{ posts }} Include all posts. (Use without the withespaces)
{{pages}} Loop through all pages.
{{page.title}} Include page.title.
{{page.url}} Include page.url.
{{page.time}} Include page.time.
{{page.content}} Include page.content.
{{/pages}} End of loop.
You can use the following shortcuts in page.html.
{{page.title}} Include page.title.
{{page.url}} Include page.url.
{{page.time}} Include page.time.
{{page.content}} Include page.content.
And the following in post.html.
{{post.title}} Include post.title.
{{post.time}} Include post.time.
{{post.content}} Include post.content.


In cases when the height a bar is calculated to be under a pixel, it will not be displayed. Filter the chart with a specific measurement to overcome this.
The chart is drawn with the help of Google Charts for Developers
dadadasda
Use with caution
*Comparing quadratic algorithms on larger inputs is likely to take minutes to complete
*The performance of this page is strongly dependant on available computer resources
*RadixSort and CountingSort are not-in-place sorting algorithms and thus require a lot of aditional space to perform, lower the input if being unable to run them


Save the text below on /etc/init.d/hudson
Change the value of these variables to match your settings:
HUDSON_HOME=/home/html/discovery/hudson/root
DAEMON="$HUDSON_HOME/../jre1.6.0_12/bin/java"
DAEMON_ARGS="-jar "$HUDSON_HOME/hudson.war" --httpPort=-1 --ajp13Port=8102 --ajp13ListenAddress=<IP_ADDRESS> --prefix=/hudson"
Hudson will be started has www-data user.
The HUDSON_HOME directory should be set to user www-data and group www-data.
Shell script
#! /bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: hudson # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: S 0 1 6 # Short-Description: Hudson initscript # Description: Hudson Continuous Integration System ### END INIT INFO # Author: Luis Alves <luis DOT alves AT lafaspot DOT com> # Do NOT "set -e" # PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HUDSON_HOME=/home/html/discovery/hudson/root #LOG="$HUDSON_HOME/log/hudson.log" DESC="Hudson Continous Build Integration" NAME=hudson DAEMON="$HUDSON_HOME/../jre1.6.0_12/bin/java" DAEMON_ARGS="-jar "$HUDSON_HOME/hudson.war" --httpPort=-1 --ajp13Port=8102 --ajp13ListenAddress=<IP_ADDRESS> --prefix=/hudson" PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME export HUDSON_HOME # Exit if the package is not installed # [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 # Read configuration variable file if it is present [ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME # Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables [ -f /etc/default/rcS ] && . /etc/default/rcS # Define LSB log_* functions. # Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present. . /lib/lsb/init-functions pid_of_hudson() { cat "$PIDFILE" } # # Function that starts the daemon/service # do_start() { #[ -e "$LOG" ] && cnt=`wc -l "$LOG" | awk '{ print $1 }'` || cnt=1 # Return # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --make-pidfile --background --chuid www-data --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_ARGS \ || return 2 # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend # on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time. #while { pid_of_hudson > /dev/null ; } && # ! { tail +$cnt "$LOG" | grep -q 'Winstone Servlet Engine .* running' ; } ; do # sleep 1 #done } # # Function that stops the daemon/service # do_stop() { # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2 # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript. # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be # needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to # sleep for some time. start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2 # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit. rm -f $PIDFILE return "$RETVAL" } # # Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service # do_reload() { # # If the daemon can reload its configuration without # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP), # then implement that here. # start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME return 0 } case "$1" in start) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" do_start case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; #reload|force-reload) # # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'. # #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME" #do_reload #log_end_msg $? #;; restart|force-reload) # # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the # 'force-reload' alias # log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) do_start case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; *) #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac :


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Winter Olympic Data Analysis
1898-2014
We have had a big event called "Olympics" in winter. We have a time of enthusiasm when we see various heroes in the world of fierce competition. Obviously there are results of win and lose in the competition, but we know how valuable their sweat and effort are, regardless of the color of the medal, they did their best and we respect all the players.
I analyzed the entire data of valuable medals in various fields. Data was provided the IOC Research and Reference Service and published by The Guardian's Datablog
Top 10 countries
Top 10 countries
Congraturation! This is the countries with the most medals
Divided the countires in continent
Divided the countires in continent
Top 10 countries were divided into America, Europe and Eurasia.
America included two countires; USA and CAN. Europe included totally six countries; NOR, FIN, SWE, GER, SUI and AUT. Eurasia included last two countries; URS and RUS.
By a small gap, the United States won more medals in America, Norway showed the largest number in Europe, and the Soviet Union had more medals in Eurasia.
Top 3 countries/
Top 3 countries devided by gender
Top 3 countries devided by gender
The proportion of men is much higher than women in all countries
Top 3 countries with edal types
Top 3 countries with medal types
United States has more medals in total, but Canada has more gold medals. United States has the highest number of silver and bronze medals.
South Korea
South Korea Analyze
South Korea
South Korea : Individual vs Team
Team events included relay sports and team pursuit, individual event involved with 150m to 10000m of skating. It records similar amount; 44 medals with team, 43 medals with individual.
South Korea
South Korea : Gender
Otherwise top3 countries, it shows a higher proportion of women.
This is the link to our famous figure skating athelete as my favorite athelete "Kim Yuna" in 2010 Vancouver Olympic and 2014 Sochi Olympic. She is the queen of figure skating and I really honor to be with her in the same period of time. She is the best ever symbolize the efforts.
South Korea
South Korea : Period
It recorded the lowest number in 1992 and 2002 with 7 medals, but it had a highest amount in 2006 with 19 medals.
Nearest countires
Compare with nearby countries
Nearest countires
Kazakhstan and Uzebekistan
Kazakhstan maintains more number in total medal account rather than Uzevekistan.
Nearest countires2
Norway, Sweden and Finland
Norway had a biggest account of gold medal. Overall, 3 entire countires recorded the great grades in Olympics. It is on the high grade side among the 45 countires.
Nearest countires2
Devided the 3 countires above in sports types
There are 5 sports types, skating; skiing; biatholon; curling; ice hockey. Norway has excellent results both skating and skiing, while ice hockey has a high amount of Sweden and Finland also has a big proportion in ice hockey. Curling has a highest number in Sweden. In conclusion, Norway has the upper hand among the three countries
Nearest countires3
Germany, Denmark, Belgium and Poland
Germany clearly seems a largest proportion of medal accounts among the 4 countires. They are strong in winter sports!
Nearest countires4
Italy, Spain, and France
Italy and France are both strong in winter sports.
Nearest countires5
Japan, Korea, and China
By the small amount of gap, Korea got more medals than China.


> draft
Zhong Yu, 2014-07-28
In this experiment, we try to measure differences in latencies among several Java HTTP servers running very simple HelloWorld applications. The result likely reflects how much work each server does in a basic request-response cycle.
First, our results, for the impatient:
server round-trip (ns) latency diff (ns) ................................................... dummy 44,400 0,000 undertow 52,600 8,200 vert.x 55,900 11,500 sun 58,100 13,700 bayou 63,300 18,900 jetty 78,100 33,700 tomcat-bio 93,500 49,100 tomcat-nio 95,200 50,800
The test machine is an Amazon EC2 m3.xlarge
instance with 4 CPUs, running 64bit Amazon Linux AMI.  We use Amazon so that the test setup can be easily replicated by others.
We test the servers one at a time; for each server, we run ApacheBench on the same machine to establish a single keep-alive connection that sends 10 million requests to the server:
ab -k -c1 -n10000000 http://localhost:8080/
There is no concurrency; the communication is strictly half-duplex; both ApacheBench and the server have one thread dedicated to the connection; the two threads are likely pinned to two separate CPUs most of the time. The average round trip time for a request-response cycle would a sum of
We postulate that the first two items are constant, therefore the differences in the round trip time reflect the differences in the 3rd item, i.e. how much time each server spends on the request-response cycle.
The following servers are tested:
dummy, a phony server that does almost nothing. It's probably as far as we can get in Java. We use it as a baseline in comparisons; Though it is not a legitimate HTTP server, it'll fool ApacheBench in this simple experiment.
undertow, version 1.0.15
.
vert.x, version 2.1.2
.
sun - com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer
shipped with the JDK.
bayou, version 0.9.4
.
Note: the author of this article is also the author of bayou.
jetty, version 9.2.1.v20140609
.
tomcat, version 8.0.9
. Both BIO (blocking IO) and NIO options are tested. In conf/server.xml
, maxKeepAliveRequests="10000000"
is added to <Connector>
, and access log is disabled,
The test sources and dependent libraries can be found on https://github.com/zhong-j-yu/latency-diff. We create a HelloWorld app on each server that responds with a 10-byte "HelloWorld" text/plain message to any request. To be fair, responses generated by all servers should be about the same size, containing same amount of headers, as the following example
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 ETag: "t-53d5df40-18519600" Last-Modified: Mon, 28 Jul 2014 05:27:28 GMT Cache-Control: private, no-cache Content-Length: 10 Connection: keep-alive Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2014 05:27:28 GMT Server: Bayou HelloWorld
All servers run on JDK 8 u20 b23 (link to tar.gz) with default JVM settings.
As previously mentioned, we run the HelloWorld app of each server, use ApacheBench to send 10 million requests over a single keep-alive connection. The average requests/second measured:
requests/second dummy 22,500 undertow 19,000 vert.x 17,900 sun 17,200 bayou 15,800 jetty 12,800 tomcat-bio 10,700 tomcat-nio 10,500
The inverse, ns/request, is the round trip time for a request-response cycle
round-trip (ns) dummy 44,400 undertow 52,600 vert.x 55,900 sun 58,100 bayou 63,300 jetty 78,100 tomcat-bio 93,500 tomcat-nio 95,200
We are interested in how much time each server spends on its own code. Since the code of the dummy server does almost nothing, we use it as the baseline for comparisons, by subtracting dummy's number from others
latency diff (ns) dummy 0,000 undertow 8,200 vert.x 11,500 sun 13,700 bayou 18,900 jetty 33,700 tomcat-bio 49,100 tomcat-nio 50,800
The remaining numbers likely reflect how much work each server does for the request-response cycle. Part of the differences may be due to the amount of features and abstractions that different servers have to support.
We see that the last place finisher, tomcat-nio
, adds only 0.05 ms
to the latency compared to the dummy server. Very few applications need to worry about a per-request overhead at that level.
Any of the Java servers listed here is probably way faster than you'll actually care.
The author of this article has an obvious conflict of interest.
The benchmark numbers are measured in a very specific environment for a very specific purpose. It's risky to extrapolate the numbers for other situations and purposes.
Contact: bayou-io@googlegroups.com


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Open Science intro text here.
You can find out more about the open science principles here:
open educationopen source open data open peer review open methodology open accessWeb resources: Class materials and tutorials on Open and Reproducible implementation of experiments, data collection, analysis, visualisation, and presentation (not only) for psychologists
Prof. Christian Fiebach is a person who does things.
Prof. Draschkow is another person who does things.
Jona Sassenhagen also sometimes does a thing or two.
Axel Kohler has been known to do a thing ever so often.
Clearly, a thing-doer.


Learn From Renren API
Been working on Renren Connect application for a while, when talking about its API, I think every coin has two sides, so let’s see its sides:
A(davantage) side :
1. Configure cross domain file to resolve JS cross-domain issue between application domain and renren domain. Not sure if a similar solution can solve our ajax load cross domain-issue.. or meet our other future use. The file as below:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- Learn from Renren “markable language”, it’s an clear way to capsule complex code block. It may help us to build standard function/display lib in future, I guess its a good way to reuse component among applications. sample is:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD...
......


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| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
ArgmaxAdapter
This OutputAdapter implementation is suited for silent conversion of 2D SoftMax output
|
class |
Regression2dAdapter
This OutputAdapter implementation takes single 2D nn output in, and returns JVM double[][] array
|
class |
YoloModelAdapter
This ModelAdapter implementation is suited for use of Yolo2 model with ParallelInference
|
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
ModelAdapter<T>
This interface describes abstraction that uses provided model to convert INDArrays to some specific output
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
<T> T |
ComputationGraph.output(@NonNull INDArray[] inputs,
INDArray[] inputMasks,
INDArray[] labelMasks,
@NonNull OutputAdapter<T> outputAdapter)
This method uses provided OutputAdapter to return custom object built from INDArray
PLEASE NOTE: This method uses dedicated Workspace for output generation to avoid redundant allocations
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
<T> T |
MultiLayerNetwork.output(@NonNull INDArray inputs,
INDArray inputMasks,
INDArray labelMasks,
@NonNull OutputAdapter<T> outputAdapter)
This method uses provided OutputAdapter to return custom object built from INDArray
PLEASE NOTE: This method uses dedicated Workspace for output generation to avoid redundant allocations
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
JsonModelServer.Builder<I,O> |
JsonModelServer.Builder.outputAdapter(@NonNull OutputAdapter<O> outputAdapter)
This method allows you to specify OutputtAdapter to be used for inference
PLEASE NOTE: This method is optional, and will require InputAdapter defined
|
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
InferenceAdapter<I,O>
This interface describes methods needed to convert custom JVM objects to INDArrays, suitable for feeding neural networks
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
SameDiffJsonModelServer.Builder<I,O> |
SameDiffJsonModelServer.Builder.outputAdapter(@NonNull OutputAdapter<O> outputAdapter)
This method allows you to specify OutputAdapter to be used for inference
PLEASE NOTE: This method is optional, and will require InputAdapter defined
|
Copyright © 2020. All rights reserved.


--- layout: default footerlogos: yes title: "Anna Alberts" lang: en ---
Anna Alberts leads the EU research project OpenBudgets.eu. She has a degree in international development studies and international relations and worked as desk officer for data- and geopolitics at the Ministry of Foreign Relations of the Netherlands. Anna develops Social Innovation projectsat the Peace Innovation Lab in Berlin.
On 29.04.2017 she will hold the workshop »How to make tax expenditures transparent«.
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--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: What's Next! author: Leask author_login: leask author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com wordpress_id: 436 wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2006/10/29/whats-next date: '2006-10-29 18:36:12 +0800' date_gmt: '2006-10-29 18:36:12 +0800' categories: - Computers and Internet tags: [] comments: [] ---


Drink, on Ice
问题描述 :
A good drink is always served on ice. That said, the amount of ice is what makes the difference. If it is too much, the drink will be well cooled, however, this is a bit of fraud as there could be less ice (and more Vodka for example). On the other hand, if there is too little ice the drink is warm which is unacceptable. You are to help the bartender, of course neither with mixing nor drinking, but with calculating the expected outcome of such mixtures.
To make things easier, we assume that pure water is mixed with ice in a closed system, i.e., there is no problem with the outside temperature or the warming of the bottle, etc. Therefore, after a some time has passed, the system may be regarded as balanced (there is no further change in temperature and no more melting or freezing). Your job is to calculate the final temperature of this balanced system and the amount of ice and water in this equilibrium state.
As you know from physics, it takes 4.19 Joule to heat one gram of water one Kelvin, whereas it takes 2.09 Joule if it is ice. We define the capacities cw = 4.19 J/(g*K) and ci = 2.09 J/(g*K). Melting one gram of ice takes 335 Joule, where the temperature remains constant at zero. We define the constant em = 335 J/g. The total thermal energy of the ice and the water before the experiment is equal to the thermal energy of the final mixture.
The figure below shows the energy of one gram of ice, ice-water-mixture, or water, where the temperature is measured relative to -30 degrees Celsius. The jump at 0 degrees represents the melting of ice to water. The amount of energy gained is proportional to the amount of ice already melted.
To make things easier, we assume that pure water is mixed with ice in a closed system, i.e., there is no problem with the outside temperature or the warming of the bottle, etc. Therefore, after a some time has passed, the system may be regarded as balanced (there is no further change in temperature and no more melting or freezing). Your job is to calculate the final temperature of this balanced system and the amount of ice and water in this equilibrium state.
As you know from physics, it takes 4.19 Joule to heat one gram of water one Kelvin, whereas it takes 2.09 Joule if it is ice. We define the capacities cw = 4.19 J/(g*K) and ci = 2.09 J/(g*K). Melting one gram of ice takes 335 Joule, where the temperature remains constant at zero. We define the constant em = 335 J/g. The total thermal energy of the ice and the water before the experiment is equal to the thermal energy of the final mixture.
The figure below shows the energy of one gram of ice, ice-water-mixture, or water, where the temperature is measured relative to -30 degrees Celsius. The jump at 0 degrees represents the melting of ice to water. The amount of energy gained is proportional to the amount of ice already melted.
输入:
The input contains several test cases. Each test case consists of four real numbers mw, mi, tw, ti. The mass of water mw and the mass of ice mi are both non-negative, given in grams, and mw + mi > 0. The water temperature tw and the ice temperature ti follow, both given in degrees Celsius, and you may assume that -30 < ti <= 0 <= tw < 100. The last test case is followed by four zeroes.
输出:
For each test case output the amount of ice and water in grams and the final temperature of the mixture in degrees Celsius. All numbers must be rounded to one digit. Adhere to the sample output for the exact format to use.
样例输入:
100 20 50 -10 100 22 0 0 100 35 25 -10.5 10 90 25 -28 0 0 0 0
样例输出:
0.0 g of ice and 120.0 g of water at 27.5 C 22.0 g of ice and 100.0 g of water at 0.0 C 6.0 g of ice and 129.0 g of water at 0.0 C 100.0 g of ice and 0.0 g of water at -4.2 C
解题代码:
/* @author:zeropinzuo */ import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class Main{ static Scanner cin; static double ci = 2.09, cw = 4.19; static double em = 335; public static void main(String args[]){ cin = new Scanner(System.in); while(run()) ; } static boolean run(){ double mw = cin.nextDouble(); double mi = cin.nextDouble(); double tw = cin.nextDouble(); double ti = cin.nextDouble(); if((mw+mi)==0) return false; DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#0.0"); double Energy = waterEnergy(mw, tw)+iceEnergy(mi, ti); double averE = Energy/(mw+mi); double iceThreshold = ci*30; double waterThreshold = iceThreshold+em; if(averE <= iceThreshold){ double temp = -30+averE/ci; System.out.println(df.format(mw+mi)+" g of ice and 0.0 g of water at "+df.format(temp)+" C"); } else if(averE < waterThreshold){ double fmw = (mw+mi)*(averE-iceThreshold)/em; double fmi = mw+mi-fmw; System.out.println(df.format(fmi)+" g of ice and "+df.format(fmw)+" g of water at 0.0 C"); } else{ double temp = (averE-waterThreshold)/cw; System.out.println("0.0 g of ice and "+df.format(mw+mi)+" g of water at "+df.format(temp)+" C"); } return true; } static double waterEnergy(double mw, double tw){ double waterThreshold = ci*30+em; return mw*(waterThreshold+tw*cw); } static double iceEnergy(double mi, double ti){ return mi*(ti+30)*ci; } }
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网站不错，支持一个
We do not harbor that I couldn’t remove other individuals’ problems whenever this arrived at.
其实就是DFS搜索，数据量较小，穷举了所有情况
good !
不错
编辑的时候有些不小心了
其实不需要用LCA，用DFS+vector更简单
给力！
第二种想法，我想来好久，为啥需要一个newhead，发现是把最后一个节点一直返回到嘴上面这层函数。厉害，这道题之前没样子想过。
还是有些难度的！
多谢支持！
nice!!!
很强大啊，佩服


Have you ever encountered a dataset that seems to have different patterns in it? Have you ever tried to group similar things together in a dataset and to assign a new sample based on your findings?
We created kmeaningfulR
to help solve such problems. kmeaningfulR
is a R package that uses the k-means algorithm to find clusters and assign new data points to them. It also contains functions to help with data preprocessing, hyperparameter tuning and visualizing clusters.
You can install the released version of kmeaningfulR from github with
devtools::install_github("UBC-MDS/kmeaningfulR")
There already exist several packages that implement k-means clustering in R. Most notably there is the stats::kmeans
implementation. There are also several functions for modified versions of k-means available in the ClusterR
package. We are not trying to break new ground with kmeaningfulR
, but rather to build a simple and lightweight implementation from scratch.
preprocess(X)
- Automatic dataset preprocessing: scales numerical featuresfind_elbow(X)
- Automatic hyperparameter tuning to select optimal number of clusters, k
, according to silhouette scorefit_assign(X, k)
- Wrapper function that calls fit(X, k)
and assign(X, centres)
fit(X, k)
- finds centroid location for all of the k
clustersassign(X, centres)
- assigns each example to a clustershow_clusters(X, centres)
- Visualize clusters according to 2d PCA representation
library(kmeaningfulR)
#>
#> Attaching package: 'kmeaningfulR'
#> The following object is masked from 'package:base':
#>
#> assign
# helper data X
X <- array(c(0, 1, 10, 10, 10, 10, 0, 1, 10, 11, 0, 1), dim = c(6,2))
# scale data
X_scaled <- preprocess(X)
# find optimal number of clusters
optimal_K <- find_elbow(X_scaled)
# find location of cluster centers
centers <- fit(X_scaled, optimal_K)
# assign label of nearest center to every point
labels <- assign(X_scaled,centers)
# plot a 2D PCA visualisation of the points clusters
# show_clusters(X_scaled, labels, centers)
| Task | Function |
|---|---|
| Scale numerical features | preprocess(df) |
| Find list of centroid points | fit(df, 3) |
| Assign new data point to cluster | assign(df, array2d) |
| Find optimal number of cluster | fit_elbow(X) |
| Visualize data coloured by cluster | show_cluster(df, array2d) |
The official documentation is hosted on Read the Docs: https://kmeaningfulR.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
This project was created by DSCI 524 Group 16:
We welcome and recognize all contributions. You can see a list of current contributors in the contributors tab.


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I am a recent college graduate (Marketing and Business Systems & Analytics ) from La Salle University. I managed to accrue nearly 1 year of work experience. I had the privilege of working for Frank Recruitment Group in a Digital Marketing Recruitment role, where I learned valuable professional skills such as client relations, customer retention, and direct sales. In both my academic and professional life, I have been consistently praised as hard-working by my professors and peers. Whether working on academic, extracurricular, or professional projects, I apply proven organizational and multitasking skills, which I hope to leverage into a new role. I recently started the Coding Boot Camp at the University of Pennsylvania and hope to equip myself with advanced front and back end coding skills.
I am actively looking for a role in Web Development.
Ideally working full time where I can continue to learn and grow my skillset.
I'm more than happy to do any freelance projects on the side!


Swapping Mirrors On Manjaro Linux
One of my favorite aspects of Linux ever since my first Ubuntu 6.06 installation has been the software repository. Back in 2006, installing the overwhelming majority of the software I might need from a supported repository stood in stark contrast with the Windows XP method of searching the web for the software you wanted, finding a download link that didn’t seem shady, and then hoping for the best.
Repositories are frequently hosted by the maintainer of a Linux distribution (e.g. Ubuntu has official repos hosted by Canonical, Fedora has official repos hosted by Red Hat, etc.) That being said, often times repositories are mirrored by service providers (e.g. Linode hosts many mirrors so that repository content can be served out of the same datacenter as the virtual machines), Linux interest groups, and other community members. This is great because it allows for the repos to be geographically diverse. Pulling downloads from a repository hosted in the same continent, for example, will typically show a marked improvement over using one on the opposite side of the planet.
The downside to this is that repos occasionally become unavailable for whatever reason. This happened to be recently, as I went to update one of my Manjaro installs via:
sudo pacman -Syu
After sitting for an unusual amount of time, I was told that a connection couldn’t be established to my current mirror, which happened to be: us.mirrors.fossho.st
It’s worth noting that, at least on Manjaro, your mirror is only displayed when the connection fails. If the connection is successful, you only see the results of the update check. I could have simply tried again later, but without knowing how long the outage would be I instead decided to hunt for how to swap to a different mirror. Fortunately, the process is extremely easy. The current mirrors are contained in the file:
/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
The file contains a list of mirrors, with a comment above each indicating the country. At the very top of my list was my current mirror of us.mirrors.fossho.st. I simply added a #
to the start of the line for it, commenting it out. I next ran a full package sync to make sure I didn’t have anything cached locally that wouldn’t be reflected on a different mirror:
sudo pacman -Syyu
This picked a different mirror, and everything worked as expected. The problem was solved. Not satisfied with leaving things at that, though, I decided to see if I could tell of any indicators of a mirror being down. I first confirmed that I could ping us.mirrors.fossho.st. Likewise, I could connect to it over port 80 (HTTP.) However, I couldn’t connect to it over port 443 (HTTPS.) I don’t actually know what mechanism is used for deliver updates, but I feel like it’s very likely that HTTPS is used; I couldn’t see HTTP being the norm given that you wouldn’t be able to ensure the updates hadn’t been tampered with. A random port is always possible, though.
For the sake of comparison, I opened /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
back up and searched for another mirror in the US. mirror.dacentec.com was the first hit. I repeated the same process and confirmed that I could reach it on both ports 80 and 443.
It seems like 443 is the key. It was only after doing this, though, that I realized a project like Manjaro likely has a status page for their mirrors. I wasn’t disappointed. Checking this did appear to indicate that my original mirror is experiencing issues. Incidentally, the baseline mirror I tested is included in the same screenshot, and it’s shown to be up.


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