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|
SCOTS
0.2
A Tool for the Synthesis of Symbolic Controllers
|
Classes | |
| class | Abstraction |
| Computation of the transition function of symbolic model/abstraction. More... | |
| class | EnfPre |
| computes of the enforcable predecessor More... | |
| class | IntegerInterval |
| A class to represent the integers in a closed integer interval [lb; ub] as BDDs. More... | |
| class | StaticController |
| StaticController class to simualte the closed loop. More... | |
| class | SymbolicModel |
| Compute the transition function of a symbolic model as BDD using the growth bound. More... | |
| class | SymbolicSet |
| The UniformGrid class with the capability to represent sets of grid points as BDDs. See UniformGrid for details. More... | |
| class | TransitionFunction |
| The transition function of the abstraction. More... | |
| class | UniformGrid |
| Holds the information of a uniform grid confined by the hyper-interval [lb, ub]. More... | |
| class | WinningDomain |
| The abstract states from which the controller is winning. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| using | abs_ptr_type = std::uint64_t |
| abs_ptr_type defines type used to point to the array m_pre (default = uint64_t) determinse implicitely an upper bound on the number of transitions (default = * 2^64-1) | |
| using | abs_type = std::uint32_t |
| abs_type defines type of abstract states (default = uint32_t) More... | |
Functions | |
| void | print_progress (int i) |
| : small function to output progess of an iteration to the terminal | |
| template<class F1 , class F2 = decltype(params::avoid)> | |
| WinningDomain | solve_reachability_game (const TransitionFunction &trans_function, F1 &target, F2 &avoid=params::avoid, std::vector< double > &value=params::value) |
| solve reachability game according to Algorithm 2 in manual More... | |
| template<class F > | |
| WinningDomain | solve_invariance_game (const TransitionFunction &trans_function, F &safe) |
| solve invariance game according to Algorithm 1 in manual More... | |
| bool | write_to_file (const WinningDomain &wd, const std::string &filename, bool append_to_file=false) |
| write WinningDomain to a file via a FileWriter | |
| bool | write_to_file (const StaticController &sc, const std::string &filename) |
| write StaticController to a file via a FileWriter | |
| bool | write_to_file (const TransitionFunction &tf, const std::string &filename) |
| write TransitionFunction to a file via a FileWriter | |
| bool | write_to_file (const UniformGrid &grid, const std::string &filename) |
| write UniformGrid to a file via a FileWriter | |
| template<class F > | |
| bool | write_to_file (const UniformGrid &grid, const F &atomic_prop, const std::string &filename) |
| write atomic propositions to file | |
| bool | read_from_file (WinningDomain &wd, const std::string &filename, size_t offset=0) |
| read WinningDomain from a file via a FileReader | |
| bool | read_from_file (UniformGrid &grid, const std::string &filename, size_t offset=0) |
| read UniformGrid from a file via a FileReader | |
| bool | read_from_file (StaticController &sc, const std::string &filename) |
| read StaticController from a file via a FileReader | |
| bool | read_from_file (TransitionFunction &tf, const std::string &filename) |
| read TransitionFunction from a file via a FileReader | |
| template<class RHS , class state_type , class input_type > | |
| void | runge_kutta_fixed4 (RHS rhs, state_type &x, input_type &u, const int dim, const double tau, const int nint=10) noexcept |
| Fixed step size ODE solver implementing a RungeKutta scheme of order 4. More... | |
| using scots::abs_type = typedef std::uint32_t |
abs_type defines type of abstract states (default = uint32_t)
It is required to be an integer type. It determines implicitly an upper bound on the number of abstract states (default = 2^32-1).
|
noexcept |
Fixed step size ODE solver implementing a RungeKutta scheme of order 4.
| rhs | - lambda expression implementing the rhs of the ode with signature [] (state_type& xx, const state_type &x, const input_type &u) -> void |
| x | - state_type initial state x |
| u | - input_type constant input u |
| dim | - state space dimension |
| tau | - sampling time |
| nint | - number of intermediate steps (default = 10) |
| WinningDomain scots::solve_invariance_game | ( | const TransitionFunction & | trans_function, |
| F & | safe | ||
| ) |
solve invariance game according to Algorithm 1 in manual
| [in] | trans_function | - TransitionFunction of the symbolic model |
| [in] | safe | - lambda expression of the form [] (const abs_type &i) -> boolreturns true if state i is in safe set and false otherwise |
| WinningDomain scots::solve_reachability_game | ( | const TransitionFunction & | trans_function, |
| F1 & | target, | ||
| F2 & | avoid = params::avoid , |
||
| std::vector< double > & | value = params::value |
||
| ) |
solve reachability game according to Algorithm 2 in manual
| [in] | trans_function | - TransitionFunction of the symbolic model |
| [in] | target | - lambda expression of the form [] (const abs_type &i) -> boolreturns true if state i is in target set and false otherwise |
| [in] | avoid | - OPTIONALLY provide lambda expression of the form [] (const abs_type &i) -> boolreturns true if state i is in avoid set and false otherwise |
| [out] | value | - OPTIONALLY provide std::vector<double> value to obtain the value function |


1. Rome
Rome is the world's best place to visit in 2017-18. Though its mystic roots are debated by historians, travelers agree that there's something mysterious about the Eternal City, be it the ghosts of the Colosseum or the ruins of the Roman Forum. Since the days of the Roman Empire, Italy's capital city has influenced art, government and architecture. Today it's a modern, cosmopolitan city where fashion, business and award-winning cuisine complement the ancient historic sites the city is known for.


Wine cellar in space: 12 bottles arrive for year of aging
by Associated PressA dozen bottles of fine French wine arrived at the space station Monday, not for the astronauts, but for science.
The red Bordeaux wine will age for a year up there before returning to Earth. Researchers will study how weightlessness and space radiation affect the aging process. The goal is to develop new flavors and properties for the food industry.
The bottles flew up aboard a Northrop Grumman capsule that launched from Virginia on Saturday and arrived at the International Space Station on Monday. Each bottle was packed in a metal canister to prevent breakage.
Universities in Bordeaux, France, and Bavaria, Germany, are taking part in the experiment from Space Cargo Unlimited, a Luxembourg startup.
Winemaking uses both yeast and bacteria, and involves chemical processes, making wine ideal for space study, said University of Erlangen-Nuremberg’s Michael Lebert, the experiment’s scientific director, in a company video.
CHARLES DARWIN MAY BE WRONG ABOUT WHERE LIFE STARTED ON EARTH, STUDY SAYS
The space-aged wine will be compared to Bordeaux wine aged on Earth. What’s left will go to those who helped pay for the research, according to a company spokeswoman.
This is the first of six space missions planned by the company over the next three years touching on the future of agriculture given our changing world.
“This is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure,” Nicolas Gaume, chief executive and co-founder of Space Cargo Unlimited, said in a statement.
INSIDE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CAT MUMMY, ARCHAEOLOGISTS FIND REMAINS OF 3 CATS
NASA is opening the space station to more business opportunities like this and, eventually, even private astronaut missions.
The Cygnus capsule that pulled up to the space station on Monday contains multiple commercial ventures. Also on board: an oven for baking chocolate chip cookies, as well as samples of carbon fiber used by Italy’s Lamborghini in its sports cars.
Budweiser has already sent barley seeds to the station, with an eye to becoming the beverage of choice on Mars. In 2015, a Japanese company known for its whiskey and other alcoholic drinks sent up samples. Scotch also made a visit to space in another experiment.
As for high-flying wine cellars, this isn’t the first. A French astronaut took along a bottle of wine aboard shuttle Discovery in 1985. The bottle remained corked in orbit.
The space station’s current crew includes three Americans, two Russians and an Italian, who might have preferred a good Chianti on board.


Projects
Things I have worked on...
-
Custom LoRaWAN (IN865) Gateway Development using RAK2245 & Raspberry pi
Developed an in-house gateway for the purpose of improvising LoRaWAN coverage for smart-city projects, that controlled smart streetlights. Deployed in-premises Application server & Network server along with postgres DB servers to manage data frames from the gateway. Configured IS865 LoRa band as we localisation standards.
-
Access Control HRM Device with contactless thermal screening
Designed electronics circuitry and modelled 3D drawing for plastic injection-moulding to build an unbeatable product by leading a team of professionals. Showcasted project management abilities, design-thinking and improvising UI and UX.
-
Home Automation using Particle Photon and custom webApp Implementation
Designed a system to monitor and control domestic electrical appliances wirelessly over the internet using a web application, to automate processes like water tank management. Developed a fully in-house web-application using HTML, CSS and Javascript and made electrical connections with a relay board.
-
Building a refrigerator using Peltier devices
Constructed a mini-fridge using thermo-electric Peltier devices. Temperature control was achieved using a thermostat.
-
Ambient Temperature Monitor using Arduino and DHT11
Display the ambient room/outdoor temperature and humidity.
-
Automated Outdoor Lighting based on illuminance
-
Motion Sensing Lights using Arduino and Passive-IR (PIR) device
Automatically turn on/off lighting depending upon natural light.


|
Everytime
I Look For You
(Blink 182) |
|
I
never found out why you left him
But this answer begs that question Too blind to see tomorrow Too broke to beg or borrow Young and Stupid, left wide open Hearts are wasted, lives are broken One more point of contention I need some intervention Approached with vague intentions Betray my short attention Span the distance, bridge the border Beg forgiveness, round the corner Everytime I look for you the sun goes down And I stumble when this whole thing runs aground I left another message, you are never around But everytime I look for you the sun goes down once more Will the last one out please shut the door More time apart will give you A few more months to argue Is this too much to live through It always seems too far to Drive the point home Send more letters Pray tomorrow Ends up better Everytime I look for you the sun goes down And I stumble when this whole thing runs aground I left another message, you are never around But everytime I look for you the sun goes down once more Will the last one out please shut the door I never did do anything that she asked I never let what happened stay in the past I never did quite understand what she meant In spite of everything In spite of everything Everytime I look for you the sun goes down And I stumble when this whole thing runs aground I left another message, you are never around But everytime I look for you the sun goes down And I stumble when this whole thing runs aground I left another message, you are never around But everytime I look for you the sun goes down |


[1] Game ending mechanism - 60 seconds end or words run out after 2 rounds
[2] Special powers - can trigger special powers after x5 of each color tiles
[1] Setup project environment (webpack, socketIO, vueJS).
[2] Initialise 1-on-1 gamerooms and basic gameplay logic.
[1] Setup project environment (webpack, socketIO, vueJS).
[2] Initialise 1-on-1 gamerooms and basic gameplay logic.
[1] Performed preliminary market research and intelligence on web speech games.
[2] Initialised project repo.


|
DS2482-RK
|
Holds the 64-bit address of a device on a 1-wire bus. More...
#include <DS2482-RK.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| DS24821WireAddress () | |
| Construct an empty 1-wire address (all 0s) | |
| virtual | ~DS24821WireAddress () |
| Destructor. | |
| DS24821WireAddress (const DS24821WireAddress &other) | |
| Construct as a copy of another (copy constructor) | |
| DS24821WireAddress & | operator= (const DS24821WireAddress &other) |
| Set this address to be the same as another (copy operator) | |
| bool | operator== (const DS24821WireAddress &other) const |
| Test against another address for equality (comparing the 8-byte address values, not pointer) | |
| DS24821WireAddress & | withBytes (const uint8_t *buf) |
| Set the 1-wire address from a buffer of 8 unsigned bytes. | |
| bool | getBit (size_t bitNum) const |
| Get a specific bit from the address. More... | |
| void | setBit (size_t bitNum, bool value=true) |
| Set a specific bit from the address. More... | |
| uint8_t | operator[] (size_t offset) const |
| Get a byte from the address by offset. More... | |
| void | clear () |
| Clears the address to all 0s. More... | |
| bool | isValid () const |
| Returns true if the 1-wire address is valid. More... | |
| String | toString () const |
| Outputs the 1-wire address as a string, 8 hexadecimal bytes. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const size_t | ADDR_SIZE = 8 |
| The size of a 1-wire address in bytes (8 bytes = 64 bits). | |
Protected Attributes | |
| uint8_t | addr [ADDR_SIZE] |
| The 1-wire address in wire order. More... | |
Holds the 64-bit address of a device on a 1-wire bus.
The address is unique for every device, set at the factory.
| void DS24821WireAddress::clear | ( | ) |
Clears the address to all 0s.
This is done during construction.
| bool DS24821WireAddress::getBit | ( | size_t | bitNum | ) | const |
Get a specific bit from the address.
| bitNum | Bits are numbered 0 <= bitNum < 64 and are in wire order. Bit 0 is the least significant bit of the least significant byte. |
| bool DS24821WireAddress::isValid | ( | ) | const |
Returns true if the 1-wire address is valid.
A 1-wire address contains a CRC, and this method validates the CRC.
|
inline |
Get a byte from the address by offset.
| offset | The byte to get 0 <= offset < 8 |
Note that the bytes are in wire order, LSB first. When printed, they're printed in reverse order, MSB first like a normal 64-bit integer.
| void DS24821WireAddress::setBit | ( | size_t | bitNum, |
| bool | value = true |
||
| ) |
Set a specific bit from the address.
| bitNum | Bits are numbered 0 <= bitNum < 64 and are in wire order. Bit 0 is the least significant bit of the least significant byte. |
| value | Value to set the bit to. true or false, default is true. |
| String DS24821WireAddress::toString | ( | ) | const |
Outputs the 1-wire address as a string, 8 hexadecimal bytes.
Note that the presentation of addresses is MSB first, so the hex bytes will appear in the opposite order they're in the addr buffer.
|
protected |
The 1-wire address in wire order.
Note that addr is in wire order (LSB first). When addresses are displayed to the user at 8 hexadecimal bytes, they're presented in the opposite order!


|
Halide
|
Represents the bounds of a region of arbitrary dimension. More...
#include <Bounds.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Box () | |
| Box (size_t sz) | |
| Box (const std::vector< Interval > &b) | |
| size_t | size () const |
| bool | empty () const |
| Interval & | operator[] (size_t i) |
| const Interval & | operator[] (size_t i) const |
| void | resize (size_t sz) |
| void | push_back (const Interval &i) |
| bool | maybe_unused () const |
| Check if the used condition is defined and not trivially true. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| Expr | used |
| The conditions under which this region may be touched. More... | |
| std::vector< Interval > | bounds |
| The bounds if it is touched. More... | |
Friends | |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &stream, const Box &b) |
Represents the bounds of a region of arbitrary dimension.
Zero dimensions corresponds to a scalar region.
|
inline |
|
inline |
|
inline |
Check if the used condition is defined and not trivially true.
Definition at line 68 of file Bounds.h.
References Halide::Internal::IntrusivePtr< T >::defined(), and Halide::Internal::is_one().
|
friend |
| Expr Halide::Internal::Box::used |
| std::vector<Interval> Halide::Internal::Box::bounds |


WITNESS LIST Ways & Means Committee May 18, 2005-8:00A SB 282 For: Amezquita, Michael (Texas Association of Appraisal Districts & Bexar Appraisal District) Nolan, Ken (Dallas Central Appraisal District) Schumacher, Martha (Self) Against: Molter, Michele (Texas Apartment Association) Niemann, Larry (Texas Mini Storage Association) SB 1370 For: Dotson, Alphonse (Self) Elliott, Gary (Self) Johnson, Jim (Self) Parker, Craig (Flat Creek Estate) Parker, Gabe (Self and Texas Wine & Grape Growers Association) Ritterbusch, June (Self) Switzer, Cord (Self and Fredericksburg Winery & Hill Country Wine Trail Assoc.) On: Renfro, Roy E. (T.V. Munson School of Viticulture Enology at Grayson County College)


Welcome, I'm Ed, an undergraduate studying for my MMath at the UEA. This website is the result of my interests in maths, programming, and teaching. Whether it's A-Level exam marking, graph theory, top-class tuition, or just neat maths/programming projects — you can find it here!
Looking for Tuition?Click icons for more info!
AQA Maths & Further Maths
Other arrangements negotiable
Average competitor rate: £38.35
(source: www.firsttutors.com)
Default: £12.50
3 Extras: £14.50
All Extras: £18.50
* default package with promotions
20% Block-Booking Discount *
10% SIN Student Discount **
* Minimum of 10 lessons block-booked
** Must be current Sir Isaac Newton student
Weekends?* Far away?** Further Maths? Marking?*** HP Prime tutorials?
* Weekends: 2:30pm – 7:30pm
Weekday: 5pm – 7:00pm
** Outside 5m of Norwich, or 2m of NR15
*** Maximum of 3 past papers (oe.) per week
MMath Student, UEA
A-Levels: A*A*A*AA
GCSEs: A*A*A*A*A*A*AAAA
ICT (BTEC), ECDL
Mentoring 1st & 2nd year A-Level students
Teaching GCSE programming classes
The Holder of the Dominic Russell Scholarship, Future Teaching Scholarhip, & Norfolk County Scholar Award.
Interviewed at Imperial College (London), & Trinity College (Cambridge)
Study together & save! *
* £4 per additional learner. One learner full price. Maximum of 3 additional learners
Message me your questions anytime!
Variable responsiveness
Got a question, suggestion, or concern? Message me with the links below!


For this exercise, make sure you run all commands from the directory:
/path/to/cbat_tools/docs/exercises/04
In the binary
folder, there are two programs: binary/main_1
and binary/main_2
. Their source code resides at binary/main_1.c and binary/main_2.c.
These two programs are simplified versions of some code from Apple's SSL library, and they mimic a real bug that was discovered in Apple's SSL library a few years back (it was called the "goto fail" exploit).
The important function is called SSLVerifySignedServerKeyExchange
. The first version of this function (in binary/main_1
) has a bug. In the second version (in binary/main_2
), the bug is fixed.
This particular bug is revealed by analyzing the function calls that can occur inside SSLVerifySignedServerKeyExchange
. It turns out that the bug makes it so that different function calls can occur in the buggy and fixed versions.
Your task is to use wp
to find the bug. To do that, complete the following tasks:
wp
to check the function calls in the SSLVerifySignedServerKeyExchange
function. Be sure to include --show=refuted-goals
when you run wp
. How do the two programs differ, with respect to the function calls they can make?wp
, and then study the source code of the two programs, to identify where the bug lies in the source code.To see the solution, click here.


This diagram is a directed acyclic graph representing the ADMIT Task
connections for the flow. Each arrow represents the connection from an ADMIT
task output to the input of another ADMIT Task. The integer next to each
arrow is the zero-based index of the ADMIT Task's output BDP. Note any
output BDP may be used as the input for more than one ADMIT Task.


import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import logging
# logger
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _check_filter_function(filtered, lenx):
"""
helper function to check the results of a provided filter function
Parameters
----------
filtered : :py:class:`numpy.ndarray`
must be of length lenx, and only contain 0, 1 or NaNs
lenx : int
length of the data frame provided to ``foehnix_filter``
"""
# check length
if len(filtered) != lenx:
raise RuntimeError("The provided filter function returned a filtered "
"array which's size does not match the data frame.")
if not np.isnan(filtered[np.isin(filtered, [0, 1], invert=True)]).all():
raise RuntimeError("The provided filter function must return a "
"filtered array which only contains ``0``, ``1`` "
" or ``nan`` values.")
[docs]def foehnix_filter(x, filter_method=None, cols=None):
"""
Evaluates Data Filter Rules for foehnix Mixture Model Calls
:py:class:`foehnix.Foehnix` models allow to specify an optional
:py:func:`foehnix.foehnix_filter`. If a filter is given only a subset of
the data set provided to :py:class:`foehnix.Foehnix` is used for the foehn
classification.
A typical example is a wind direction filter such that
only observations (times) are used where the observed
wind direction was within a user defined wind sector
corresponding to the wind direction during foehn events
for a specific location.
However, the filter option allows to even implement complex
filter rules if required. The 'Details' section contains
further information and examples how this filter rules can be used.
The most common filter rule: The filter is a `dict` where the dict-keys
are column-names of the DataFrame `x`. The dict-values are lists of length
2 and define the range which should be used to filter the data. Example:
filter_method = {'dd': [43, 223]}
This will keep all wind directions `dd` between 43 and 223 degrees
The dict can contain several items to filter, e.g. to also limit the wind
direction range at a crest station. Example:
filter_method = {'dd': [43, 223], 'dd_crest': [90, 270]}
Parameters
----------
x : :py:class:`pandas.DataFrame`
containing the observations
filter_method : None, custom function or dict
Can be one of the following:
- `None`: No filter will be applied
- `func`: A custom function which will be applied on ``x``
- `dict`: Keys must be columns of ``x``, values can either be a custom
function on ``x[key]`` or a list of length two.
cols : list of strings
These strings must be contained in the columns of ``x`` and specify
which columns are not allowed to contain missing values.
If `None` is passed, all elements have to be non-missing.
Returns
-------
dict
A dictionary containing the following items:
- `dict['good']`: all indices of ``x`` within the filter values
- `dict['bad']` : all indices of ``x`` outside the filter values
- `dict['ugly']`: all indices where one of the filter variables is NAN
- `dict['total']`: length of data
- `dict['call']`: the filter_method being provided and used to filter
"""
# check x
if not isinstance(x, pd.DataFrame):
raise RuntimeError('x must be a pandas.DataFrame')
# check filter_method
# 1. None: return full index
# 2. Function: Apply function to x, check the result and return if sensible
# 3. dict, where keys are columns of x and items are values or functions
# 1. None: return full index
if filter_method is None:
filtered = np.ones(len(x))
log.debug('No filter method specified! Will use all data.')
# 2. Function: Apply function to x, check the result and return if sensible
elif callable(filter_method):
filtered = filter_method(x)
_check_filter_function(filtered, len(x))
log.info('Applied filter function %s' % filter_method.__name__)
# 3. dict, where keys are columns of x and items are values or functions
elif isinstance(filter_method, dict):
# start with a matrix, with size of the dict, length of x and zeros
tmp = np.zeros([len(x), len(filter_method)])
# loop over dict and apply every filter
for nr, (key, value) in enumerate(filter_method.items()):
if key not in x.columns:
raise RuntimeError('Filterdict key: %s not found in data'
% key)
if callable(value):
_filtered = value(x[key])
_check_filter_function(_filtered, len(x))
tmp[:, nr] = _filtered
log.info('Applied filter function %s' % value.__name__)
elif len(value) == 2:
tmp[x[key].isna(), nr] = np.nan
# This filter will KEEP data between the two values
if value[0] < value[1]:
tmp[np.where((x[key] >= value[0]) &
(x[key] <= value[1])), nr] = 1
else:
tmp[np.where((x[key] >= value[0]) |
(x[key] <= value[1])), nr] = 1
log.info('Applied limit-filter [%.1f %.1f] to key %s' % (
value[0], value[1], key))
else:
raise RuntimeError('Not a valid value for Filterdict key: %s. '
'Only callable functions or len(2) limits '
'are allowed.' % key)
# - If at least one element is NAN -> set to NAN
# - If all elements are TRUE (=1) -> set to 1
# - Else: One ore more are FALSE (=0) -> set to 0
filtered = np.zeros(len(x))
filtered[np.any(np.isnan(tmp), axis=1)] = np.nan
filtered[np.all(tmp == 1, axis=1)] = 1
# 4. error
else:
raise RuntimeError('Filter method not understood')
# Set rows with missing values to NaN according to cols parameter:
if cols is None:
isnan = x.isna().any(axis=1).values
else:
isnan = x.loc[:, cols].isna().any(axis=1).values
filtered[isnan] = np.nan
good = x.index[filtered == 1]
bad = x.index[filtered == 0]
ugly = x.index[np.isnan(filtered)]
# check filter length
if len(filtered) != len(x):
raise RuntimeWarning('Filter did not return expected length!')
return {'good': good,
'bad': bad,
'ugly': ugly,
'total': len(filtered),
'call': filter_method}
def filter_summary(ffo):
"""
Print a summary of the applied foehnix_filter
Parameters
----------
ffo : dict
foehnix filter object, as returned by the foehnix_filter function.
"""
print('\nFoehnix Filter Object:\n')
print('Call: ', ffo['call'])
print('\nTotal data set length: %20d' % ffo['total'])
print('The good (within filter): %17d (%4.1f percent)' % (
len(ffo['good']), len(ffo['good'])/ffo['total']*100))
print('The bad (outside filter): %17d (%4.1f percent)' % (
len(ffo['bad']), len(ffo['bad'])/ffo['total']*100))
print('The ugly (NaN, missing values): %11d (%4.1f percent)' % (
len(ffo['ugly']), len(ffo['ugly'])/ffo['total']*100))


AugmentMatrix (mA, mB, mC )
Appends the columns of matrix mB onto matrix mA and stores the result in mC.
NOTE: Must mA and mB must be the same number of rows.
Example:
AugmentMatrix (
0
,
1
,
2
)


Implements Bayesian dynamic factor analysis with 'Stan'. Dynamic factor analysis is a dimension reduction tool for multivariate time series. 'bayesdfa' extends conventional dynamic factor models in several ways. First, extreme events may be estimated in the latent trend by modeling process error with a student-t distribution. Second, autoregressive and moving average components can be optionally included. Third, the estimated dynamic factors can be analyzed with hidden Markov models to evaluate support for latent regimes.
| Version: | 0.1.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.4.0), Rcpp (≥ 0.12.0) |
| Imports: | rstan (≥ 2.16.0), ggplot2 (≥ 2.2.0), loo, dplyr (≥ 0.7.0), methods, rlang, reshape2 |
| LinkingTo: | StanHeaders (≥ 2.16.0), rstan (≥ 2.16.0), BH (≥ 1.62.0), Rcpp (≥ 0.12.0), RcppEigen |
| Suggests: | testthat, parallel, knitr, rmarkdown, MARSS |
| Published: | 2018-11-09 |
| Author: | Eric J. Ward [aut, cre], Sean C. Anderson [aut], Luis A. Damiano [aut], Mary E. Hunsicker, [ctb], Mike A. Litzow [ctb], Trustees of Columbia University [cph] |
| Maintainer: | Eric J. Ward <eric.ward at noaa.gov> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/fate-ewi/bayesdfa/issues |
| License: | GPL (≥ 3) |
| URL: | https://github.com/fate-ewi/bayesdfa |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | GNU make |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | bayesdfa results |
| Reference manual: | bayesdfa.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Estimating latent trends with bayesdfa |
| Package source: | bayesdfa_0.1.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: bayesdfa_0.1.1.zip, r-release: bayesdfa_0.1.1.zip, r-oldrel: bayesdfa_0.1.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: not available, r-oldrel: not available |
| Old sources: | bayesdfa archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bayesdfa to link to this page.


Reflection & Self Assessment
In this questionnaire, you will self-assess your attitudes, skills, and knowledge AFTER receiving resource support, information, education, training and/or services. The purpose of this questionnaire is to measure how the program affected you personally.


Pacific Trails Resort
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There is nothing in this Site
Manganelo
Pururin
Lovehug
Youtube
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F95zone
What are you doing?


Travel Tips
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Graduating from a top accelerator or incubator can be as career-defining for a startup founder as an elite university diploma. The intensive programmes, which…
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed tempor condimentum metus non tempor. Maecenas non augue aliquam, facilisis lectus quis, lacinia risus.


PipeTo v0.1.1 PipeTo
Summary
Functions
Breaks a pipeline expression into a list. This is where the target position being calculated
Macros
PipeTo operator
Functions
Macros
PipeTo operator.
This operator will replace the placeholder argument _
in the right-hand
side function call with left-hand side expression.
Examples
iex> 1 ~> Enum.at(1..3, _)
2
It can mix with |>
operation
Examples
iex> 1 ~> Enum.at(1..3, _) |> Kernel.*(5)
10
When using ~> withou placeholder _
, it act just like |>
pipe operator.
Examples
iex> [1, 2, 3] ~> Enum.take(2)
[1, 2]


An L7 Rule is a single, simple logical test which returns either true or
false.
Type:
The L7 rule type. One of COOKIE, FILE_TYPE, HEADER, HOST_NAME, or PATH.
-
COOKIE: The rule looks for a cookie named by the key parameter and
compares it against the value parameter in the rule.
-
HEADER: The rule looks for a header defined in the key parameter
and compares it against the value parameter in the rule.
-
FILE_TYPE: The rule compares the last portion of the URI against
the value parameter in the rule. (eg. "txt", "jpg", etc.)
-
PATH: The rule compares the path portion of the HTTP URI against
the value parameter in the rule.
-
HOST_NAME: The rule does a comparison between the HTTP/1.1
hostname in the request against the value parameter in the rule.
Compare Type:
The comparison type for the L7 rule. One of CONTAINS, ENDS_WITH,
EQUAL_TO, REGEX, or STARTS_WITH.
-
REGEX: Perl type regular expression matching.
-
STARTS_WITH: String starts with.
-
ENDS_WITH: String ends with.
-
CONTAINS: String contains.
-
EQUAL_TO: String is equal to.
Key:
The key to use for the comparison. For example, the name of the cookie
to evaluate.
Value:
The value to use for the comparison. For example, the file type to compare.
Invert:
When true the logic of the rule is inverted. For example, with invert
true, equal to would become not equal to.


Grid based design is basically dividing up your website page into a grid to
achieve the structure you want in your website.
Well if your web page isn't responsive then it may be difficult for your
website to be viewed on other devices. For example if your web page is designed
to fit on a regular computer screen and isn't responsive it may look jumbled on
an I phone.
Having a semantic structure means you have semantic tags in your code. An
example of a semantic tag is h1 h2 h3 etc... These are titles.
Yes, so I think it is amazing that I can just copy stylesheets and CSS codes
online and paste them to my own code. Also to use tools other web developers
have created to literally make there job (and mine) a lot easier. For example
this font IM using came from Google fonts, someone else created it and now I
just get to use it!!


Supreme Court rules in favor of Ige in dispute over PUC appointment | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
The Hawaii Supreme Court ruled Monday that Gov. David Ige had the authority to appoint Thomas Gorak as one of three commissioners to the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission three years ago, rejecting arguments made by former PUC Chairwoman Mina Morita that the governor was overstepping his bounds and infringing on the Legislature’s powers. Read more
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Providing the community with a voice to advocate against violence!
At ZAFA our mission is to provide the community a voice to advocate for ourselves and each other against police brutality, sexual assault and senseless violence. Providing a platform to help keep you safer. To do that, we need to collect, use, and share some of your personal information. This Privacy Policy is meant to help you understand how ZAFA does that and how to exercise the choices and rights you have in your information.

When you use the ZAFA Platform, we collect the information you provide, usage information, and information about your device. Here are the types of information we collect about you:
Account Registration. When you create an account with ZAFA, we collect the information you provide us, such as your name, email address, phone number, birth date, and payment information.
Communications. When you contact us or we contact you, we collect any information that you provide, including the contents of the messages or attachments you send us.
Location Information. ZAFA depends on users location in order to send alerts to the nearest users and also to allow for a user to navigate to another users location that is in need of assistance. The ZAFA Platform collects location information (including GPS and WiFi data).
Video. ZAFA allows you to live stream and record an incident acting as a witness in the community. This is safely stored using the AES cipher with 128-bit keys to encrypt audio and video, and HMAC-SHA1 to verify data integrity.
Usage Information. We collect information about your use of the ZAFA Platform, including Protect Alert information like the date, time, location.
Device Information. We collect information about the devices you use to access the ZAFA Platform, including device model, IP address, type of browser, version of operating system, identity of carrier and manufacturer, radio type (such as 4G), preferences and settings (such as preferred language), application installations, device identifiers, advertising identifiers, and push notification tokens.
Communications Between ZAFA Users. Push notifications is the only way communication happens between users when a user triggers the Protect feature.
We use your personal information to:
Providing the ZAFA Platform. We use your personal information to provide an intuitive, useful, efficient, and worthwhile experience on our platform. To do this, we use your personal information to:
Maintaining the Security and Safety of the ZAFA Platform and its Users. Providing you a secure and safe experience drives our platform. To do this, we use your personal information to:
Building and Maintaining the ZAFA Community. ZAFA works to be a positive part of the community. We use your personal information to:
Providing Customer Support. We work hard to provide the best experience possible, including supporting you when you need it. To do this, we use your personal information to:
Improving the ZAFA Platform. We are always working to improve your experience and provide you with new and helpful features. To do this, we use your personal information to:
Responding to Legal Proceedings and Requirements. Sometimes the law, government entities, or other regulatory bodies impose demands and obligations on us with respect to the services we seek to provide. In such a circumstance, we may use your personal information to respond to those demands or obligations.
We do not sell your personal information. To make the ZAFA Platform work, we may need to share your personal information with other users and third parties. This section explains when and why we share your information.
Riders and Drivers.
User information shared with other ZAFA users: Upon a user needing assistance and they opt to trigger the ZAFA protect feature, we will share the users location with all ZAFA users with in a 5 mile radius limited to group(s).
Although we share a users location, we do not share your actual phone number or other contact information with other users.
ZAFA may share the following categories of your personal information for a business purpose to provide you with a variety of the ZAFA Platform’s features and services:
We disclose those categories of personal information to service providers to fulfill the following business purposes:
We may share your personal information in response to a legal obligation, or if we have determined that sharing your personal information is reasonably necessary or appropriate to:
We may share your personal information while negotiating or in relation to a change of corporate control such as a restructuring, merger, or sale of our assets.
With your permission or upon your direction, we may disclose your personal information to interact with a third party or for other purposes.
We retain your information for as long as necessary to provide you and our other users the ZAFA Platform. This means we keep your profile information for as long as you maintain an account. If you request account deletion, we will delete your information as set forth in the “Deleting Your Account” section below.
We take reasonable and appropriate measures designed to protect your personal information. But no security measures can be 100% effective, and we cannot guarantee the security of your information, including against unauthorized intrusions or acts by third parties.
ZAFA provides ways for you to access and delete your personal information as well as exercise other data rights that give you certain control over your personal information.
Email Subscriptions. You can always unsubscribe from our commercial or promotional emails by clicking unsubscribe in those messages. We will still send you transactional and relational emails about your use of the ZAFA Platform.
Push Notifications. You can opt out of receiving push notifications through your device settings. Please note that opting out of receiving push notifications may impact your use of the ZAFA Platform (such as receiving a notification that your ride has arrived).
Profile Information. You can review and edit certain account information you have chosen to add to your profile by logging in to your account settings and profile.
Location Information. You can prevent your device from sharing location information through your device’s system settings. But if you do, this may impact ZAFA’s ability to provide you our full range of features and services.
Right to Know. You have the right to know and see what data we have collected about you over the past 12 months, including:
Right to Delete. You have the right to request that we delete the personal information we have collected from you (and direct our service providers to do the same). There are a number of exceptions, however, that include, but are not limited to, when the information is necessary for us or a third party to do any of the following:
Other Rights. You can request certain information about our disclosure of personal information to third parties for their own direct marketing purposes during the preceding calendar year. This request is free and may be made once a year. You also have the right not to be discriminated against for exercising any of the rights listed above. Exercising Your California Privacy Rights. To request access to or deletion of your personal information, or to exercise any other data rights under California law, please contact us using one of the following methods: Response Timing and Format. We aim to respond to a consumer request for access or deletion within 45 days of receiving that request. If we require more time, we will inform you of the reason and extension period in writing.
ZAFA is not directed to children, and we don’t knowingly collect personal information from children under the age of 13. If we find out that a child under 13 has given us personal information, we will take steps to delete that information. If you believe that a child under the age of 13 has given us personal information.
The ZAFA Platform may contain links to third-party websites. Those websites may have privacy policies that differ from ours. We are not responsible for those websites, and we recommend that you review their policies. Please contact those websites directly if you have any questions about their privacy policies.
We may update this policy from time to time as the ZAFA Platform changes and privacy law evolves. If we update it, we will do so online, and if we make material changes, we will let you know through the ZAFA Platform or by some other method of communication like email. When you use ZAFA, you are agreeing to the most recent terms of this policy.
If you have any questions or concerns about your privacy or anything in this policy, including if you need to access this policy in an alternative format, we encourage you to contact us.


August 24
Tradition--A Killer!
Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition. Matthew 15:6
Cancer. Heart disease. Multiple sclerosis. When we think of killer diseases, those are the names that come to mind. But the truth is, there's a far more deadly killer on the loose in the Church today. And it's destroyed more lives than any of us can imagine. It's called tradition. Traditions rob believers of their healing. They steal the power from the promises of God. Here are three you should beware of:
1. The tradition that says it's not always God's will to heal you.
It is God's will to heal you! It says so in His Word. If you don't believe that it is, then you can't pray in faith believing you'll receive. You're like the farmer who sits on his porch and says, "I believe in crops, but I'm not going to plant any seed this year. I'll just believe, and if it's God's will, my crop will come up." That farmer will never see his crop. Faith is the seed of healing--if you don't plant it, it won't grow. A prayer that includes the words, "If it be thy will" won't produce a healing harvest. You must know without a doubt that healing is always God's will for you.
2. Another tradition we hear is that healing has passed away. That there are no miracles today. But the Word of God proves that's not true. In Exodus 15:26, God says, "I am the Lord that healeth thee." He also tells us that He does not change (Mal. 3:6). He has never changed since the beginning of time. For healing to pass away, God would have to pass away...and He is not about to do that!
3. The third dangerous tradition is this one: "God gets glory from Christians being sick." That tradition totally violates the Word of God. The Bible says that people gave glory to God when they saw the lame walk and the blind see. God receives glory from your healing--not your pain!
The world is looking for a way out of sickness and disease, not a way into it. Let's break down those traditions and deliver a hurting world from the most dangerous killer of all.
Scripture Reading: Mark 2:1-12


BASQUIAT A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
After the recent I SHOT ANDY WARHOL, the new movie BASQUIAT (also as BUILD A FORT, SET IT ON FIRE) begs the question of whether we need another movie about Andy Warhol's world. Ignoring the answer, artist Julian Schnabel wrote his first script and directed his first movie about Jean Michel Basquiat (Jeffrey Wright) who was a black painter who died at the age of 27 from a heroin overdose. Basquiat's paintings have been exhibited alongside both those of Warhol's and of Schnabel's, and Basquiat was a personal friend of Andy's and a full fledged member of his entourage.
As the show opens, 22 year old Basquiat is getting out of the cardboard box in which he lives. Although he grew up in a middle-class family, he spends his days spraying graffiti on the walls all over the city. He goes into a coffee shop and pours syrup all over the table and then begins to finger-paint in it before they throw him out. There are quotes from the narrator about van Gogh - how he was considered crazy in his day and managed to sell only one painting before he died. The show tries hard to convince us Basquiat could be the van Gogh of our time.
Although Basquiat is considered important since he was one of the first African Americans to become a famous pop artist, I found his work on a par with a typical kindergarten class. In one scene in the movie, Warhol and Basquiat comment on a guy who is urinating on Warhol's painting to give it just the right look. If you can get beyond the drug culture aspects, they smoke dope and blow it up their nose in the show, and can ignore the quality of the "art", the acting is quite good.
The artists you meet in the film are a strange lot to say the least. Everyone is an artist. As Andy's electrician (Willem Dafoe) explains to Basquiat that he is an artist too, but "I'll be 40 in July, and I'm glad I never got recognition. It gives me time to develop."
The show is full of the people that swarm around Basquiat as soon as they realize that there is money to be made. Every agent wants to represent him, and every gallery owner wants to display his works. One of the earliest to write about him is Rene Ricard (Michael Wincott from DEAD MAN). As Rene explains it, "when I speak nobody believes me, but when I write it down everybody knows it to be true." Later Rene goes on to claim that, "We're no longer collecting art; we're buying people." One of his first agents, Gina Cardinale (Clair Forlani), glowing describes his art as, "This is the true voice of the gutter." Gosh, I'll guess take two then.
Unlike Jared Harris's more remote characterization of Andy Warhol in I SHOT ANDY WARHOL, here David Bowie is great as the legendary pop artist. He throws himself into the role with gusto. Andy's friend and agent Bruno Bischofberger is played with amazing restraint by the frequently combustible Dennis Hopper.
 The costumes by John Dunn are dead on. Kind of shocking having an apparent bum going into a fancy department store, asking to taste the caviar and buying a three thousand dollar tin of the best in the store.
One of the more ironic lines in the film comes from his friend and fellow artist Albert Milo (Gary Oldman). Albert tells Basquiat that "good conversation is hard to find in this town." The irony is that Basquiat seems incapable of forming coherent sentences. Jeffrey Wright is brilliant in his interpretation of the artist.
The music by John Cale and all of the songs chosen are one of the high points of the show. Frequently the camera (Ron Fortunato) will slowly pan a scene without dialog but with beautiful songs being song. I wish there had been even more of these scenes.
Rounding out the cast, we have Benicio Del Toro, Christopher Walken, Jean Claude Le Marre, Parker Posey, Elina Lowensohn, Paul Bartel, Courtney Love, and Tatum O'Neal among many others. It looks like half of Hollywood wanted a part. Although you may not care about the people they play, the acting, as I said earlier, is worth seeing.
BASQUIAT is incorrectly listed in the press kit as running 1:26. I timed it at about 1:50. The shorter length would have been better, and we could have stood a few less stars and parts. The film is rated R for drug use and some bad language. There is no sex, nudity, and only one mildly violent scene. It is possible to misinterpret the show's message as graffiti is a way to great riches and drug usage is cool. As an adult, I can see beyond that, but teenagers might not. For that reason, I am recommending that teenagers not see the show. For adults, I give it a marginal thumbs up for the acting and the music. His paintings get a big thumbs down from me, but this is a movie review, not an art review. I award the film ** 1/2.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: August 9, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


"Hey, I'd like to talk to you with TLS and HTTP/2"
"Okay, let's talk with TLS and HTTP/2"
"Can you send me index.html over HTTP/2?"
"Hey, I'd like to talk to you with TLS and HTTP/2"
"Okay, let's talk with TLS"
"Can you send me index.html with HTTP 1.1?"
| Code | Name | Value |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | :authority | |
| 2 | :method | GET |
| 3 | :method | POST |
| 4 | :path | / |
| 5 | :path | /index.html |
| 6 | :scheme | http |
| 7 | :scheme | https |
| 8 | :status | 200 |
| 9 | :status | 204 |
| 10 | :status | 206 |
| 11 | :status | 304 |
| 12 | :status | 400 |
| 13 | :status | 404 |
| 14 | :status | 500 |
| 15 | accept-charset | |
| 16 | accept-encoding | gzip, deflate |
| 17 | accept-language | |
| 18 | accept-ranges | |
| 19 | accept |
"Can you send me index.html over HTTP/2?"
"Okay, here is index.html"
"You'll also need styles.css"
"Here is styles.css"
| 11 |
| 50 | 56 |
| 10 |
| 9 |
| 10* |
| 52 | 57 | Nightly* |


Basic Info My name is Gao zhe, A software developer on JAVA and Linux platform, I’m living in Dongcheng, Beijing, China. Links GitHub: jerzygao Weibo: 敲代码的高双喜 Weixin: 敲代码的高双喜


Skillset
- PhD in Artificial Intelligence
- 5y research experience
- Top level programming, long time Lisper
- Superior technical writing and presentation skills
- Academic teacher, Master-level experience
- Linux/Bash guru, Mac user
Personal traits
- Italian, 30 y.o. – married
- Parlo italiano, et un peu de français
- Motor-head, especially motorbikes
- Sportsman, martial artist
- Team player, love challenges
- Smaller nose than on the pic (I swear)
Want the Moon? Hire an astronaut.
giuse@astronauts.ch


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I am a noob, so please be gentile. I wrote a python script to gather the previous weeks data from each of my emoncms.org feeds. It gathers the data and then creates a csv file for each feed. Hope someone else can find it useful. criticisms are welcomed.
import csv
import time
import urllib
sec_per_day = 60 * 60 * 24 # 60 seconds/min * 60 min/hr * 24 hr/day
# make a dictionary of feeds to create filenames
feeds ={"name1":"feed1 id","name2":"feed2 id","name3":"feed3 id"... etc} #name is what you want the file called
# feed id is the emoncms feed id
# create a list of keys to use as filenames
feed_list = feeds.keys()
now_tstamp = int(time.time()) # grab unix timestamp for right now
wk_ago_tstamp = now_tstamp - (7 * sec_per_day) # calculate the timestamp for 7 days ago
now_tstamp *= 1000 # format for emoncms
wk_ago_tstamp *= 1000 # format for emoncms
k=0
for z in feeds:
# create a string for the url of the data
data_url = "http://emoncms.org/feed/data.json?id=" + feeds[feed_list[k]] + "&start=" + str(wk_ago_tstamp) + "&end=" + str(now_tstamp) + "&dp="
# read in the data from emoncms
sock = urllib.urlopen(data_url)
data_str = sock.read()
sock.close
# data is output as a string so we convert it to a list or lists
data_list = eval(data_str)
# open a file to save the data to
j=0
myfile = open(feed_list[k] + ".csv",'wb')
wr=csv.writer(myfile,quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)
# loop though the list to format the data so libraOffice or excel can import it
for i in data_list:
wr.writerow(data_list[j])
j += 1
myfile.close()
k += 1
Re: script to download data
That is useful, thanks for sharing. I'd also add the API key in the data_url , now it will only work if you are logged in emoncms.
Re: script to download data
Just changed the script to convert emoncms timestamp into readable date and time. I also added the API key to the URL so you won't have to be logged in.
Re: script to download data
Hi there, thanks for the script !
Am having various troubles runnig it .. what version of python are you using ?
Pat
Re: script to download data
Sorry to hear you are having trouble. I am running python 2.7.3. I have not run into any trouble so far. Let me know if I can help.
Re: script to download data
Ah. I am on 3.3.2 as I suspect that is causing a heap of trouble for me I think :(
And I'm not Python savvy enough to figure it out (yet).
Feeds is only one feed right now
feeds = {
"House Power":"26845"
}
The only thing I can think that it does not like is ...
There *is* a change from 2 to 3 which is referenced in various places ... eg
But I'm afraid I still don't know what to do !
Pat
(ps will install python 2.7, on the basis I can have both versions!)
Re: script to download data
I'll see if I can re-write this to not use dictionary indexing. Thanks for bringing it to my attention.
Re: script to download data
Hopefully this fixes it.
Changed:
feed_list = feeds.keys()
To:
feed_list = list(feeds.keys())
This should change feed list from being an object to being a list, which can be indexed.
This rev will ask you how many days you would like to download.
Re: script to download data
Great, will give it a shot !
Thanks ever so.
Pat
Re: script to download data
So, it appears there are more relatively significant changes from 2 to 3 as well!
"raw_input" does not work, but "input" does .. but then later on I get ..
Re: script to download data
Incidentally, works brilliantly well for me in python 2.7.6 !
Pat
Re: script to download data
There are indeed important changes from python 2.7 to python 3.
http://docs.python.org/3/howto/pyporting.html
http://python3porting.com/bookindex.html
Note the 2to3 translation tool.
Re: script to download data
I've run the script through the 2to3 translator. Hopefully this solves all the issues.
Re: script to download data
Hi, this was exactly what I was looking for. Thanks v much :)
However when I tried to run it in Python 3.3. I was still getting some errors (problems with binary file writing among them).
Attached is the version I got working for my build. Treat this with caution lol as I'm really rusty on coding! :-P
There's still an odd error when emoncms seems to return null in response to the request. I've just captured it and the program exits for now. If you run the program again then it usually works fine with a non-null return. That makes me think it's maybe a server load issue or potentially something with the timing format that goes into the request string...
Thanks again :)
Michael
Re: script to download data
Hi
I have use the python 2.7 script, and for any reason, the amount of downloaded data from www.emoncms.org is limited,
I mean:
Only if i download one hour period I get the 5 sec interval measurements. It seams that the limit is in nearly over 1000 measurements per csv file.
Has emoncms.org any kind of download limitation or is something about the script?
Re: script to download data
Using the json feed data call outputs 1000 data points, regardless of time span.


Addiction
Video games may not be drugs, but they can be addicting. This serious problem has been
given new light by a national Harris Poll survey. The survey found that nearly one in 10 gamers are pathological
players, which is defined as causing social or psychological damage. These effects are clearly dehabilitating,
especially given that 4% of gamers are extreme users and average 50 hours per week. Video games are fun, be must
be wary to play in moderation.
Violence Exposure
It's clear that violence in video games is more prevalent in real life and many gamers
act out violent scenes that they would never consider doing in real life. According to the New York Times, a
study by the University of Texas showed that gamers who played Mortal Kombat for 15 minutes were more aggressive
afterwards in a social situation compared to gamers who played a nonviolent video game. It is also known that
the young men who opened fire at Columbine High School and other similar tragedies seemed to be acting out
violent games. Whehter or not there is a direct connection between real violence and video games is uncertain,
but it is certain that video games raise exposure levels to violence.
Social Consequences
According to the New York Times, a recent study in the journal of pediatrics found that
children who spent more time playing video games were more impulsive and less comfortable than other children.
Another study found that in 1,000 healthy CHinese teenagers, those who used the gamed excessively were twice as
likely to be depressed nine months later. While games are fun, real life is better.


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--- title: "R package CTRE: thresholding bursty time series" author: "Peter Straka" date: '2018-05-11' slug: ctre-package categories: - software tags: - software - bursts - extremes - heavy-tails - R - R-package math: yes summary: | The R package is now available on CRAN. It Models extremes of 'bursty' time series via Continuous Time Random Exceedances (CTRE). (See [companion paper](https://strakaps.github.io/bursty-POT/).) image: https://strakaps.github.io/post/ctre-package_files/figure-html/data-plot-1.png ---
The new R package CTRE
is now available on CRAN. “CTRE” stands for “Continuous Time Random Exceedances”, which is a model for extreme values of bursty time series. The theory is desribed in another paper (html|pdf).
library(CTRE)
flares_ctre <- ctre(flares)
plot(flares_ctre, log = "y", main = "Solar Flares")
The above time series are measurements of solar flare magnitudes by NASA1. Which observations are considered extreme is defined by a variable threshold \(u\) (dashed line, \(< 5\%\) of observations). The exceedances of this threshold (red) follow (asymptotically for high \(u\)) a Generalized Pareto distribution. This type of modelling of extremes is standard in Extreme Value Theory, and known as the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) method. To date, 18 R packages have been developed for POT!
CTRE
?CTRE
provides a new way to model the bursty timing of the threshold crossings. In complex systems, inter-event times are typically heavy-tailed2, and thus highly heterogeneous (think income distributions). The bulk of inter-event times is short, corresponding to Bursts of events. A few very long inter-event times represent quiet periods.
The Mittag-Leffler distribution is universal for times between threshold crossings, see the companion paper. CTRE
fits a Mittag-Leffler distribution to a range of threshold values:
flares_ctre <- thin(flares_ctre, k = 700)
par(mfrow = c(1,2))
MLestimates(flares_ctre, tail = 0.9, scale = 3E7)
Above, the threshold is varied from the 5th to the 700th largest magnitude (as you move right along the x-axes) and the parameters estimates are plotted on the y-axis. For both panels, towards the left (exceedances=5), only few data are available, and the estimate has a high variance. Towards the right (exceedances = 700), the threshold is low, and the Mittag-Leffler fit degrades (high bias). In between is where we want to read off our (hopefully stable) parameter estimates. The above plots are hence called “stability plots”.
The scale parameter is proportional to \(k^{-1/\beta}\). The parameter \(\beta\) is hence used to rescale the y-values of the right-hand plot, in order to make the estimates constant, and needs to estimated from the left-hand plot first.
CTRE
applied to dataFor the solar flare data, we read off \[ \beta \approx 0.9, \quad \sigma \approx 3 \times 10^7. \] This means that the inter-arrival time \(T(k)\) for magnitudes as high as the \(k\)-th magnitude is distributed as \[ T(k) \sim {\rm ML}\left(0.9, \frac{3 \times 10^7 {\rm sec}}{k^{1/0.9}} \right). \] For example, let’s assume the magnitude (peak rate) \(10,000\). How many magnitudes exceed it?
library(magrittr)
(flares_ctre %>% magnitudes() %>% sort(decreasing=TRUE) > 10000) %>% sum()
## [1] 24
So substitute \(k = 24\). The model thus predicts inter-arrival times drawn from the distribution \[ {\rm ML}\left(0.9, 8.8\times 10^{5} {\rm sec} \right) = {\rm ML}\left(0.9, 10 {\rm days} \right). \]
Here’s the plot of this distribution, on a logarithmic scale:
Compared to the Exponential distribution, the Mittag-Leffler distribution puts more probability mass on both tiny values (Bursts) and values in the tails (quiet periods).
Running
CTRE::runCTREshiny()
opens a Shiny app that that lets you do the above manipulations via sliders. It is / should be loading below:
The main other appraoch in Extreme Value Theory which addresses irregular (non-Poissonian) threshold crossing times goes under the name “clustering of extremes”.3 It assumes that the underlying process is stationary, and conflates each excursion of the process above the threshold as one cluster of events.
CTREs and clustering of extremes both generalize the standard assumption of independent events, but in different directions. They are hence complementary, and it needs to be investigated how they should be compared meaningfully.
 Please comment below.
The “complete Hard X Ray Burst Spectrometer event list” is a comprehensive reference for all measurements of the Hard X Ray Burst Spectrometer on NASA’s Solar Maximum Mission from the time of launch on Feb 14, 1980 to the end of the mission in Dec 1989. 12,776 events were detected, with the “vast majority being solar flares”. The list includes the start time, peak time, duration, and peak rate of each event. We have used “start time” as the variable for event times, and “peak rate” as the variable for event magnitudes.↩
See the Introduction of “Modelling bursty time series” by Vajna, Tóth & Kertész, for a list of complex systems with heavy-tailed inter-event times.↩
See e.g. Chapter 3 in the textbook Extremes and Related Properties of Random Sequences and Processes by Leadbetter, Lindgren & Rootzén.↩


browse other examples
Visibility
We have an internal mechanism to start data fetching after invisible scroller becomes visible. So generally you don't need to execute reload method when you play with scroller visibility.
Visible {{visible}}
*{{item}}*


Library for loading image resources. Also abstracts auto-image sheet/atlas resources.
Loads an ImageResource from the program's compile-time embedded resources.
Returns the image once loading is complete. Code must call .isDone() before calling this method. Even if the image has finished loading, this function will throw a Core.InvalidOperationException if .isDone() was never called.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageResource | The image |
Returns true if the image has finished loading.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| boolean | true if loading is complete |
Loads a compile-time image resource synchronously and returns it. To load an image asynchronously, use .loadFromResourcesAsync(). This function cannot be used for image resources that are consolidated into an image sheet, in which case, the ImageSheet class must be used instead for loading.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| resourcePath | string | Path to the image resource. |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageResource | An image resource object. |
Loads a compile-time image resource asynchronously and returns the loader object that can be queried for status or the final result. To check load progress, use .isDone(). To get the image after loading is complete, use .getImage(). To load an image synchronously and get an ImageResource instance directly, use .loadFromResources(). This function cannot be used for image resources that are consolidated into an image sheet, in which case, the ImageSheet class must be used instead for loading.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| resourcePath | string | Path to the image resource. |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageLoader | A reference to a new loader object. |
Exception thrown when an image path does not exist.
Represents an image. Generally, this class cannot do much on its own (aside from querying width and height), and is meant to be used in a secondary library such as Graphics2D or ImageEncoder.
Creates a new image resource with the given size. To load an existing image from the program's embedded resources, see ImageLoader. To load an existing image from an image sheet declared in the build file, see ImageSheet.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| width | integer | Width of the image in pixels. |
| height | integer | Height of the image in pixels. |
Gets the height of the image in pixels.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| integer | image height |
Gets the width of the image in pixels.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| integer | image width |
An image sheet is a collection of image resources. The way the images are aggregated is defined by the build file. By aggregating images, loading images from disk is generally faster as it reduces the number of hard disk reads (or in the case of JavaScript, image download requests). Furthermore, OpenGL based platforms can load all the images into a single texture atlas to prevent texture context switches. If there are lots of images to load, this simplifies the process of providing a progress bar since the completion percentage is calculated by the library. All ImageResources that are loaded from an image sheet abstract the aggregation away from your code such that operations will appear as though the image is a standalone image file.
Returns a list of all the image resource paths available in this image sheet.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| List of strings | List of all image resource paths in this sheet. |
Returns an image resource that is contained in this image sheet. If the image sheet is loaded asynchronously, this method cannot be called without calling .isDone() first, even if the image sheet has finished loading.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| resourcePath | string | Path to an image resource |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageResource | An image resource |
Returns a ratio of loading progress from 0 to 1. This is a convenience method for showing progress to the user, but .isDone() must still be called before accessing any image resources.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| float | Ratio of progress |
Returns true if the image sheet is done loading. This method is only applicable to asynchronously-loaded image sheets. This method must be called for all asynchronous image sheets before getImage() is called, otherwise an InvalidOperationException is thrown, even if the image sheet is actually done loading.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| boolean | true if the image sheet is done loading |
Returns a new image sheet object. If multiple sheet ID's are passed to this method, all those image sheets will be aggregated into one single ImageSheet instance. This function will block execution of your program until loading has completed which can potentially be very slow. To load asynchronously, use .loadFromResourcesAsync().
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| idOrIds | string or List of strings | An image sheet ID or a list of image sheet IDs |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageSheet | An image sheet |
Returns a new image sheet object which is not completely loaded yet. If multiple sheet ID's are passed to this method, all those image sheets will be aggregated into one single ImageSheet instance. To check to see if the image sheet is done loading, use .isDone(). To check the progress of loading, use .getProgress().
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| idOrIds | string or List of strings | An image sheet ID or a list of image sheet IDs |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ImageResources.ImageSheet | An image sheet |
Exception thrown when an image fails to load. The exception message field may contain more information.
Exception thrown when an image sheet with a given ID does not exist.


THE MONKEY'S MASK A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2001 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): * 1/2
Samantha Lang's THE MONKEY'S MASK is about nudity and bad poetry -- really bad poetry. The nudity is in the context of a lesbian affair that's about as convincing as a Playboy photo shoot. There is also a murder mystery of sorts, but, with the film going in what feels like slow motion, you'll probably not care. If the film works for you at all, it's likely to be as a guilty pleasure for the eye candy it parades before you. There may be little genuine chemistry between the two leads, Susie Porter, a petite woman with reddish brown hair and a million freckles, and Kelly McGillis (WITNESS), who is over a head taller and much older, but you can't deny that they both look terrific in the buff.
As the story starts, private investigator Jill Fitzpatrick (Porter) is asked to investigate the disappearance of Mickey Norris (Abbie Cornish), a college student and the story's worst poet. When Jill goes to interview Mickey's poetry professor, Diana Maitland (McGillis), she quickly gets the hots for her. Although it is clear that the professor is a prime suspect in Mickey's disappearance, Jill and Diana spend much of the movie naked in each other's arms. At one point, the professor compliments Jill's ability in bed while mocking her detective skills. So true. Jill could have had a great retort given that the professor's success in developing young poets was pretty laughable.
The director never gets a credible performance out of any of the actors. It is as if she kept forgetting to yell, "Action!" before having the cameras roll. Speaking of cameras, Garry Phillips's cinematography is the one bright spot of the movie. Using a blend of extreme close-ups set off center and stunning widescreen shots, he creates a look that's much better than the material deserves.
 But beyond that there are so many smaller problems that begin to grate on you. The clichés abound. When we get to see the college student's bedroom, it is filled to overflowing with teddy bears like a little girl's room in order to emphasize her vulnerability. The dialog is not only trite and overblown -- "You lesbo!" being one insult -- but hard to catch since the actors have a proclivity for speaking only in whispers. On the other hand, maybe missing some of the lines isn't such a bad thing after all. Missing the entire movie, however, would be a better idea.
THE MONKEY'S MASK runs a long 1:33. It is not rated but would probably be NC-17 for strong sex scenes, pervasive nudity, language and some violent images. It would be acceptable for high school seniors and older.
The film is playing in limited release now in the United States. In the Silicon Valley, it is showing at the Camera Cinemas.
Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Want free reviews and weekly movie and video recommendations via Email? Just send me a letter with the word "subscribe" in the subject line.
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29352 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 246277 X-RT-TitleID: 1109846 X-RT-SourceID: 703 X-RT-AuthorID: 1271 X-RT-RatingText: 1.5/4
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


A throttler that uses a timer to control the message delivery rate.
A throttler that uses a timer to control the message delivery rate.
Throttling
A throttler is an actor that is defined through a target actor and a rate
(of type akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.Rate). You set or change the target and rate at any time through the
akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetTarget and akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetRate
messages, respectively. When you send the throttler any other message msg, it will
put the message msg into an internal queue and eventually send all queued messages to the target, at
a speed that respects the given rate. If no target is currently defined then the messages will be queued
and will be delivered as soon as a target gets set.
Notice that the throttler forwards messages, i.e., the target will see the original message sender
(and not the throttler) as the sender of the message.
Persistence
Throttlers usually use an internal queue to keep the messages that need to be sent to the target.
You therefore cannot rely on the throttler's inbox size in order to learn how much messages are
outstanding.
It is left to the implementation whether the internal queue is persisted over application restarts or
actor failure.
Processing messages
The target should process messages as fast as possible. If the target requires substantial time to
process messages, it should distribute its work to other actors (using for example something like
a BalancingDispatcher), otherwise the resulting system will always work below
the threshold rate.
Example: Suppose the throttler has a rate of 3msg/s and the target requires 1s to process a message.
This system will only process messages at a rate of 1msg/s: the target will receive messages at at most 3msg/s
but as it handles them synchronously and each of them takes 1s, its inbox will grow and grow. In such
a situation, the target should distribute its messages to a set of worker actors so that individual messages
can be handled in parallel.
Example
For example, if you set a rate like "3 messages in 1 second", the throttler
will send the first three messages immediately to the target actor but will need to impose a delay before
sending out further messages:
// A simple actor that prints whatever it receivesclass Printer extends Actor {
def receive = {
case x => println(x)
}
}
val printer = system.actorOf(Props[Printer], "printer")
// The throttler for this example, setting the rateval throttler = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[TimerBasedThrottler], 3 msgsPer 1.second))
// Set the target
throttler ! SetTarget(Some(printer))
// These three messages will be sent to the printer immediately
throttler ! "1"
throttler ! "2"
throttler ! "3"// These two will wait at least until 1 second has passed
throttler ! "4"
throttler ! "5"
Implementation notes
This throttler implementation internally installs a timer that repeats every rate.durationInMillis and enables rate.numberOfCalls
additional calls to take place. A TimerBasedThrottler uses very few system resources, provided the rate's duration is not too
fine-grained (which would cause a lot of timer invocations); for example, it does not store the calling history
as other throttlers may need to do.
However, a TimerBasedThrottler only provides weak guarantees on the rate (see also
this blog post):
Only delivery times are taken into account: if, for example, the throttler is used to throttle
requests to an external web service then only the start times of the web requests are considered.
If a web request takes very long on the server then more than rate.numberOfCalls-many requests
may be observed on the server in an interval of duration rate.durationInMillis().
There may be intervals of duration rate.durationInMillis() that contain more than rate.numberOfCalls
message deliveries: a TimerBasedThrottler only makes guarantees for the intervals
of its own timer, namely that no more than rate.numberOfCalls-many messages are delivered within such intervals. Other intervals on the
timeline may contain more calls.
For some applications, these guarantees may not be sufficient.
Known issues
If you change the rate using SetRate(rate), the actual rate may in fact be higher for the
overlapping period (i.e., durationInMillis()) of the new and old rate. Therefore,
changing the rate frequently is not recommended with the current implementation.
The queue of messages to be delivered is not persisted in any way; actor or system failure will
cause the queued messages to be lost.
A throttler that uses a timer to control the message delivery rate.
Throttling
A throttler is an actor that is defined through a target actor and a rate (of type akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.Rate). You set or change the target and rate at any time through the akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetTarget and akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetRate messages, respectively. When you send the throttler any other message
msg
, it will put the messagemsg
into an internal queue and eventually send all queued messages to the target, at a speed that respects the given rate. If no target is currently defined then the messages will be queued and will be delivered as soon as a target gets set.A throttler understands actor messages of type akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetTarget, akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler.SetRate, in addition to any other messages, which the throttler will consider as messages to be sent to the target.
Transparency
Notice that the throttler
forward
s messages, i.e., the target will see the original message sender (and not the throttler) as the sender of the message.Persistence
Throttlers usually use an internal queue to keep the messages that need to be sent to the target. You therefore cannot rely on the throttler's inbox size in order to learn how much messages are outstanding.
It is left to the implementation whether the internal queue is persisted over application restarts or actor failure.
Processing messages
The target should process messages as fast as possible. If the target requires substantial time to process messages, it should distribute its work to other actors (using for example something like a
BalancingDispatcher
), otherwise the resulting system will always work below the threshold rate.Example: Suppose the throttler has a rate of 3msg/s and the target requires 1s to process a message. This system will only process messages at a rate of 1msg/s: the target will receive messages at at most 3msg/s but as it handles them synchronously and each of them takes 1s, its inbox will grow and grow. In such a situation, the target should distribute its messages to a set of worker actors so that individual messages can be handled in parallel.
Example
For example, if you set a rate like "3 messages in 1 second", the throttler will send the first three messages immediately to the target actor but will need to impose a delay before sending out further messages:
Implementation notes
This throttler implementation internally installs a timer that repeats every
rate.durationInMillis
and enablesrate.numberOfCalls
additional calls to take place. ATimerBasedThrottler
uses very few system resources, provided the rate's duration is not too fine-grained (which would cause a lot of timer invocations); for example, it does not store the calling history as other throttlers may need to do.However, a
TimerBasedThrottler
only provides weak guarantees on the rate (see also this blog post):rate.numberOfCalls
-many requests may be observed on the server in an interval of durationrate.durationInMillis()
.rate.durationInMillis()
that contain more thanrate.numberOfCalls
message deliveries: aTimerBasedThrottler
only makes guarantees for the intervals of its own timer, namely that no more thanrate.numberOfCalls
-many messages are delivered within such intervals. Other intervals on the timeline may contain more calls.For some applications, these guarantees may not be sufficient.
Known issues
SetRate(rate)
, the actual rate may in fact be higher for the overlapping period (i.e.,durationInMillis()
) of the new and old rate. Therefore, changing the rate frequently is not recommended with the current implementation.akka.contrib.throttle.Throttler


{% extends "gpsschool/base.html" %} {% load index %} {% block content %}
| Serial Number | Full Name | Yearly Cost | Payment Schedule | Fee Deposited |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ forloop.counter }} | {{ payment.student }} | {{ payment.yearly_cost }} | {{ payment.payment_schedule }} | {{ fees_deposited|index:forloop.counter0 }} |


@import services.VacancyService @(organization: Organization) @for(vacancy <- VacancyService.getVacanciesByOrganizations(organization.id)) {
Vacancy type:
@vacancy.vacancyType.name
Employee:
@vacancy.worker.surname @vacancy.worker.name
Work from:
@vacancy.fromDate
Work to:
@vacancy.toDate


The runner of the Shuffling test type has only one handler: core
.
However, this does not mean that testing is limited. Clients may take different approaches to shuffling, for optimizing, and supporting advanced lookup behavior back in older history.
For implementers, possible test runners implementing testing can include:
1) Just test permute-index, run it for each index i
in range(count)
, and check against expected mapping[i]
(default spec implementation).
2) Test un-permute-index (the reverse lookup; implemented by running the shuffling rounds in reverse, from round_count-1
to 0
).
3) Test the optimized complete shuffle, where all indices are shuffled at once; test output in one go.
4) Test complete shuffle in reverse (reverse rounds, same as #2).
mapping.yaml
seed: bytes32
count: int
mapping: List[int]
bytes32
is encoded as a string, hexadecimal encoding, prefixed with 0x
.uint64
, but realistically they are not as big.The count
specifies the validator registry size. One should compute the shuffling for indices 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., count (exclusive)
.
The seed
is the raw shuffling seed, passed to permute-index (or optimized shuffling approach).
The mapping
is a look up array, constructed as [spec.compute_shuffled_index(i, count, seed) for i in range(count)]
I.e. mapping[i]
is the shuffled location of i
.
The resulting list should match the expected output after shuffling the implied input, using the given seed
.
The output is checked using the mapping
, based on the shuffling test type (e.g. can be backwards shuffling).
SSZ SimpleSerialize


Justice Department backs Trump in fight over his tax returns
by Jon LevineThe Justice Department moved Friday to officially back President Trump in his quest to prevent the release of his tax returns, Reuters reported.
The Supreme Court filing from Solicitor General Noel Francisco came a week after the president’s personal attorneys moved to appeal a decision from the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which said Trump had to release the information earlier this month.
The demand for Trump’s taxes “may subject the president to highly burdensome demands for information” and “raises the risk that prosecutors could use subpoenas to harass the president as a result of opposition to his policies,” Francisco said, according to the wire service.
Manhattan prosecutor Cyrus Vance, a Democrat, wants to unseal eight years of Trump’s tax returns as part of a broader criminal inquiry into the Trump Organization and family’s real estate holdings.
During the 2016 presidential campaign, Trump repeatedly promised to release his tax returns after the completion of an audit by the IRS. It is unclear whether the president is still under audit.


BOOM! Power Rangers
Created Sunday 11 July 2021
Back in 2016, comic book publisher Boom Studios launched their line of Power Rangers comics. They mixed classic concepts from the first season with plenty of new ideas.
How are the comics different from one another?
Similar to the TV show, where there are distinct versions of the rangers, the comics have established a multiverse where different teams can exist. The main title, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers (MMPR), focuses on a modern interpretation of the original line-up. While the secondary title, Go Go Power Rangers (GGPR), focuses on the original team that’s rooted in the 90s. Apart from a few instances where they crossover with each other, they tell separate stories and can be read independently.
Single Issues Reading Order
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #0
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #1
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #2
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #3
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #4
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Annual 2016
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #5
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #6
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #7
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #8
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #1
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #2
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #3
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #4
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #5
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink #6
Note: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Pink is a six-issue miniseries focusing on Kimberley, the original Pink Ranger.
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #9
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #10
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #11
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #12
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #13
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #14
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #15
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #16
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Annual 2017
Go Go Power Rangers #1
Go Go Power Rangers #2
Go Go Power Rangers #3
Go Go Power Rangers #4
Note: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and Go Go Power Rangers were two seperate Power Rangers that were being published at the same time. They are set in their own separate universes and do no relate to each other until they crossover in Power Rangers: Shattered Grid. As a result, you can read either series first. This has been confirmed by MMPR writer Kyle Higgins. I have put them this way to space them out as MMPR is much longer than GGPR.
 This is the first Power Rangers crossover which involves MMPR #24-30, GGPR #8-12, and a few specials. Check out the Power Rangers: Shattered Grid Reading Order to see how these issues fit in together.

This is where the second Power Rangers crossover Power Rangers: Necessary Evil happens. This includes MMPR #40-50 and GGPR #21-27 and #29-32.
Check out the Power Rangers: Necessary Evil Reading Order to see how these issues fit together.
Power Rangers: Ranger Slayer
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #51
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #52
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #53
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #54
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #55
Power Rangers: Drakkon New Dawn #1
Power Rangers: Drakkon New Dawn #2
Power Rangers: Drakkon New Dawn #3
Unlimited Power Era
From November 2020, Boom Studios is relaunching the Power Rangers comics as two concurrent series – Mighty Morphin and Power Rangers. Mighty Morphin will focus on a cast that’s closer to season 2 of the show. Power Rangers will focus on the original line-up, now known as the Omega Rangers.
As they’re so new, it’s not known at the moment how much these two comics will intertwine with each other. I’ll update this section once we get a better picture of what’s going on.
Mighty Morphin #1
Mighty Morphin #2
Mighty Morphin #3
Mighty Morphin #4
Power Rangers #1
Power Rangers #2
Power Rangers #3
Power Rangers #4
Power Rangers Unlimited: Heir To Darkness
Note: This one-shot explores the origins of the villain Astronema.
Mighty Morphin #5 onwards
Power Rangers #5 onwards
Collected Editions Reading Order
For those who prefer to read in trade paperback, here are all the collected editions that are available.

Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Volume 8
Collects: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #29-30 and Might Morphin Power Rangers: Shattered Grid Finale
Note: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Volume 7-8, Go Go Power Rangers Volume 3, and Might Morphin Power Rangers: The Lost Chronicles Volume 2 collect all of the Shattered Grid event, but in order to read it you will needed to jump between each book to get the full story. The next collection on this list collects all of Shattered Grid in the proper reading order and in one complete edition.
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Shattered Grid
Collects: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #25-32, Go Go Power Rangers #9-12, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Annual 2018, Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Free Comic Book Day, and Power Rangers: Shattered Grid Finale.
Go Go Power Rangers Volume 4
Collects: Go Go Power Rangers #13-16
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Volume 9
Collects: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #31-34
Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Volume 10
Collects: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers #35-39
Note: Alternatively, the contents of volumes 9 and 10 can be found in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Beyond the Grid.

Power Rangers Volume 1
Collects: Power Rangers #1-4
Backlinks: Recommended Reading, Watching:Comics


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