I’ve been doing a bit more
with Atom lately.
First, I started writing a library
to manipulate Atom feeds and
entries. For the moment this is
located in
atom.py. It uses
lxml, as does everything markup related
I do these days.
I came upon a revelation of sorts
when I was writing the library. I
first started with a library that
looked like this:
class
Feed(object):
def
__init__(self,
title, ...):
self.title
= title
..
@classmethod
def
parse(cls, xml):
if
isinstance(xml,
basestring):
xml =
etree.XML(xml)
title =
xml.xpath('//title').text
...
return
cls(title, ...)
def
serialize(self):
el =
etree.Element('{%s}feed'
% atom_ns)
title =
etree.Element('{%s}title'
% atom_ns)
title.text
=
self.title
el.append(title)
...
return
el
Obviously there’s ways to
improve this and make it less
verbose, and I went down that path
for a while. But then I decided the
whole path was wrong. Atom
is XML. It’s not the
representation of some object
I’m creating. If I have
something that can’t be
represented in XML, it isn’t
Atom, and it doesn’t belong in
my Atom-related objects.
So instead I started making lxml
more convenient when using Atom. I
don’t keep any information
except what is in the markup, I just
make it more convenient to access
that information.
I used lots of
descriptors
to do this, as the same patterns
happened over and over. For
instance, the Feed object is fairly
simple:
class
Feed(AtomElement):
entries =
_findall_property('entry')
author =
_element_property('author')
Which basically means that
feed.entries
returns all
<entry>
elements, and
feed.author
returns the single
author
element.
There’s also accessors for
text elements (like
<id>) and date containing elements
(like
<updated>) and just to access XML attributes
as Python attributes.
There’s a number of
advantages:
- No hidden state.
-
No deferred errors, since
everything is always represented
in the
XML infoset.
-
All XML extensions work, even
though my classes don’t
know anything in particular
about them. There’s a full
API for manipulating the XML
that you can use, you
don’t have to use my APIs.
-
Even more obscure kinds of
extensions work fine, like a
custom attribute on an element.
There’s absolutely zero
normalization that happens.
-
I only have to write the parts
where the normal XML (lxml) APIs
are inconvenient, so the
implementation stays simple.
-
There’s no confusion over
which object I might be talking
about in my code. There’s
no distinction between the XML
object and the domain object.
Since then I’ve been working
on a
Javascript library
for handling Atom. It’s not as
elegant. I am trying to keep to this
same principle, but of course I
can’t actually extend the DOM
and so I can’t add convenience
methods. So instead I’m making
a class that lightly wraps the DOM
objects, with explicit getters and
setters that simply read and modify
those DOM objects.
One thing that I have found very
useful in my development on the
Javascript side is doctest-style
testing. You can see the
test, but to run it you have to check
it out (it uses some
svn:externals
which you don’t get through
the direct svn access). After using
that testing some more and being
pleased with the result, I decided
to package the Javascript doctest
runner a bit better. I removed the
framework dependencies, did a bit of
renaming (now it is
doctestjs or
doctest.js
instead of jsdoctest),
wrote up
fairly comprehensive docs, and uploaded it to
JSAN
(though at the moment the trunk from
svn is probably better to use). I
think it’s an excellent way of
doing unit testing in Javascript,
much better than any of the
alternatives I’ve seen. It
even has some notable advantages
over
Python’s doctest, like if you are using
Firebug
(which you must if you do Javascript
development) you get a console
session that runs in the same
namespace as your tests, so you can
easily do inspection of the objects
if there’s a failure.
I’m not sure about JSAN.
It’s nice to have an index.
But I think they copy stuff from
CPAN a bit too much. Why should you
have a text README file?
That’s just silly; of course
Javascript documentation should be
HTML. They batch processing.
Processing one package a day
on the fly shouldn’t be
overwhelming. They want a MANIFEST
file. The standard metadata file is
YAML, not JSON. This should all be a
little more Javascripty in my
opinion. But they also accept any
kind of upload, so there’s
nothing stopping you from ignoring
what you don’t
care about. I’ll probably
improve the packaging of doctestjs a
bit in the future, and still ignore
the parts I think are silly.


Warning: ad blockers and tracker blocking must be disabled for this project to work.
Patch Notes:
Testing on GitHub
-


?The
New
York
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
<^>IKAC2D
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
01029238
FLORA
NEOTROPICA
Sideroxyl
on
sal
i
ci-f
ol
i
urn
(L.
>
Lam.
T.D.PENNINGTON
1986
_____________
'1
Form
18-R.
8
TROPICAL
FOREST
HERBARIUM
13199
Botanical
name:
(Accession
number
for
Washington
office)
Dipholia
salicifolia
(L.)AJ)Cto
DET.F.L.Little,Jr.
~--------------------------------------------
uetermmea
ny
Bosqttelnsuiar
de
Country:
Puerto
RXCO
Political
division:
GlU&iea
Locality:
Wild
S
Planted
LH
Altitude.2QQ._iyt
Tree
B
Shrub
EH
Vine
CD
_____________CH
Height.D.
B.
H.2.1R____cms.
Flower
color,
odor;
Flowers
brown,
hairy
fruit
color,
texture:
fleshy,
blackish
(green
when
immature]
Abundance,
site,
slope,
vegetation
type,
etc.:
Dry
forest
Uses,
and
part
used;
locally
or
commercially:
Other
notes:
Local
name:
Sabina
Collector:
Elbert
L.
Little,Jr.
Date
of
collection:
July
2,
19i>0
Collector’s
No._13iL9S.____
Specimens
Collected
Under
the
Auspices
of
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Agriculture,
Forest
Service;
Tropical
Forest
Experiment
Station,
Rio
Piedras,
Puerto
Rico
10—25027-1
gpo
01029238
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


|
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| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| AlertHandler | A handler for JavaScript alerts. |
| ConfirmHandler | A handler for the JavaScript function window.confirm(). |
| DownloadedContent | Wrapper for content downloaded from a remote server. |
| IncorrectnessListener | Interface to receive notification of incorrect information in HTML code (but not the parser messages), headers, ... |
| OnbeforeunloadHandler | A handler for onbeforeunload events. |
| Page | An abstract page that represents some content returned from a server. |
| PageCreator | Something that knows how to create a page object. |
| PromptHandler | A handler for JavaScript window.prompt(). |
| RefreshHandler | A handler for page refreshes. |
| ScriptPreProcessor | A script pre processor call back. |
| StatusHandler | A handler for changes to window.status. |
| WebConnection | An object which handles the actual communication portion of page retrieval/submission. |
| WebWindow | An interface that represents one window in a browser. |
| WebWindowListener | A listener for WebWindowEvent's. |
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| AjaxController | This class is notified when AJAX calls are made, and has the ability to influence these calls. |
| BinaryPage | A page for binary content. |
| BrowserVersion | Objects of this class represent one specific version of a given browser. |
| Cache | Simple cache implementation which caches compiled JavaScript files and parsed CSS snippets. |
| CollectingAlertHandler | A simple alert handler that keeps track of alerts in a list. |
| CookieManager | Manages cookies for a WebClient . |
| DefaultCredentialsProvider | Default HtmlUnit implementation of the CredentialsProvider interface. |
| DefaultCssErrorHandler | HtmlUnit's default implementation of ErrorHandler , which logs all CSS problems. |
| DefaultPageCreator | The default implementation of PageCreator . |
| DialogWindow | A window opened in JavaScript via either window.showModalDialog or window.showModelessDialog. |
| DownloadedContent.InMemory | Implementation keeping content in memory. |
| DownloadedContent.OnFile | Implementation keeping content on the file system. |
| FormEncodingType | A collection of constants that represent the various ways a form can be encoded when submitted. |
| History | Representation of the navigation history of a single window. |
| HttpWebConnection | Default implementation of WebConnection , using the HttpClient library to perform HTTP requests. |
| ImmediateRefreshHandler | The default handler for page refreshes. |
| IncorrectnessListenerImpl | Default implementation of IncorrectnessListener configured on WebClient . |
| JavaScriptPage | A generic page that will be returned for JavaScript content. |
| MockWebConnection | A fake WebConnection designed to mock out the actual HTTP connections. |
| NicelyResynchronizingAjaxController | This AjaxController resynchronizes calls calling from the main thread. |
| PluginConfiguration | Contains information about a plugin as available in JavaScript via document.navigator.plugins, as well as the associated mime types (for Firefox browser simulation). |
| PluginConfiguration.MimeType | Holds information about a single mime type associated with a plugin. |
| ProxyConfig | Class which centralizes proxy configuration, in an effort to reduce clutter in the WebClient
class. |
| ScriptResult | This object contains the result of executing a chunk of script code. |
| SgmlPage | A basic class to be implemented by HtmlPage and
XmlPage . |
| SilentCssErrorHandler | Implementation of ErrorHandler which ignores all CSS problems. |
| StringWebResponse | A simple WebResponse created from a string. |
| TextPage | A generic page that will be returned for any text related content. |
| TextUtil | Utility methods relating to text. |
| ThreadedRefreshHandler | This refresh handler spawns a new thread that waits the specified number of seconds before refreshing the specified page, using the specified URL. |
| TopLevelWindow | A window representing a top level browser window. |
| UnexpectedPage | A generic page that is returned whenever an unexpected content type is returned by the server. |
| UrlFetchWebConnection | An implementation of WebConnection , compatible with Google App Engine. |
| Version | Class to display version information about HtmlUnit. |
| WaitingRefreshHandler | This refresh handler waits the specified number of seconds (or a user defined maximum) before refreshing the specified page, using the specified URL. |
| WebAssert | Utility class which contains standard assertions for HTML pages. |
| WebClient | The main starting point in HtmlUnit: this class simulates a web browser. |
| WebRequest | Parameter object for making web requests. |
| WebRequestSettings | Deprecated. as of 2.8, please use WebRequest instead. |
| WebResponse | A response from a web server. |
| WebResponseData | Simple data object to simplify WebResponse creation. |
| WebResponseImpl | Deprecated. as of 2.8, use WebResponse instead |
| WebWindowAdapter | An adapter for the WebWindowListener interface. |
| WebWindowEvent | An event that will be fired when a WebWindow changes. |
| WebWindowImpl | INTERNAL API - SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME - USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Base class for common WebWindow functionality. |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| BrowserVersionFeatures | Constants of various features of each BrowserVersion . |
| HttpMethod | Represents the various ways a page can be submitted. |
| Exception Summary | |
|---|---|
| ElementNotFoundException | An exception that is thrown when a specified XML element cannot be found in the DOM model. |
| FailingHttpStatusCodeException | An exception that is thrown when the server returns a failing status code. |
| ObjectInstantiationException | Thrown if an object could not be instantiated for some reason. |
| ScriptException | An exception that will be thrown if an error occurs during the processing of a script. |
| WebWindowNotFoundException | Exception to indicate that no WebWindow could be found that matched
a given name. |
Framework classes (contains the WebClient class which is the main entry point).
|
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.integrate import quad
ME 3264 - Applied Measurements Laboratory¶
Lab #1 - Heat Engine¶
Objective¶
The objectives of this laboratory are :
Determination of thermodynamic work done during a four-stage expansion and compression cycle by lifting masses from one height to another.
Compare the useful mechanical work and the net thermodynamic work done during a cycle as determined via a p-V diagram.
Basic thermodynamics concepts¶
System¶
The system is whatever we want to study. It may be as simple as a free body or as complex as an entire chemical refinery. Everything external to the system is considered to be part of the system’s surroundings.The system is distinguished from its surroundings by a specified boundary, which may be at rest or in motion.
There are two basic kinds of systems - closed systems (control amss) and open systems (control volumes). A closed system refers to a fixed quantity of matter, whereas a control volume is a region of space through which mass may flow. For exmaple, a quantity of matter contained within a closed, rigid-walled tank is a closed system, while a pipeline through which natural gas flows can be considered as control volume. Closed systems are impermeable to mass but may be permeable to energy. When closed system are impermeable to both mass and energy transfer, the system is known as isolated system.
System property¶
To describe a system and predict its behavior requires knowledge of its properties and how those properties are related. A property is a macroscopic characteristic of a system such as mass, volume, energy, pressure, and temperature to which a numerical value can be assigned at a given time without knowledge of the previous behavior (history) of the system [2].
State¶
The word “state” refers to the condition of a system as described by its properties. Since there are normally relations among the properties of a system, the state often can be specified by providing the values of a subset of the properties. All other properties can be determined in terms of these few [2].
Process and cycle¶
When any of the properties of a system changes, the state changes and the system is said to undergo a process. If a system undergo sequence of processes that begins and ends at the same state, the system is said to complete thermodynamic cycle.
First law of thermodynamics¶
The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing two kinds of transfer of energy, as heat and as thermodynamic work, and relating them to a amount of energy contained within a system.
The energy balance can be expressed in symbols as:
\(\Delta E = Q - W\) (1)
where \(\Delta E\) is the change in amount of energy contained within a system, \(Q\) is the net amount of energy transferred in across the system boundary by heat transfer, and \(W\) is the net amount of energy transferred out across the system boundary by work during the time interval.
The total energy (\(E\)), is comprised of internal energy (\(U\)), kinetic energy (\(KE\)) and potential energy of the system (\(PE\)). Hence,
\(\Delta E =\Delta KE+\Delta PE+\Delta U\) (2)
if the changes in KE and PE are negligible (i.e. \(\Delta KE=0, \Delta PE=0\)), such as in stationary piston-cylinder engine, the Eq (1) tranforms to Eq (3)
\(\Delta U = Q - W\) (3)
Mechanical and thermodynamic work¶
The mechanical work \(W\) done by, or on, a system evaluated in terms of macroscopically observable forces (\(\vec{F}\)) and displacements (\(\vec{ds}\)) is
\(W = \int_{s_1}^{s_2}\vec{F}.\vec{ds}\) (4)
Consider an example of a closed system consisting of a gas (or liquid) contained in a piston–cylinder assembly as the gas expands. During the process, the gas pressure exerts a normal force on the piston. A graphical representation of a system with pressure – volume diagram (\(p-V\) ) diagram) is shown in Figure 1.
The The force exerted by the gas on the piston is simply the product \(pA\), where \(A\) is the area of the piston face. The work done by the system as the piston is displaced a distance \(dx\) is
\(\delta W = pA dx\) (5)
The product \(A dx\) equals the change in volume of the system, \(dV\). Thus,
\(\delta W = p dV\) (6)
For a change in volume from \(V_1\) to \(V_2\), the thermodynamic work during the process is obtained by integrating Eq(6)
\(W = \int_{V_1}^{V_2}p dV\) (7)
Note: \(\delta W\) is used for work instead of \(dW\) since the differential of work (\(W\)) is inexact. Meaning, integral of \(\delta W\) cannot be evaluated without specifying the details of the process unlike integral of state properties differentials such as \(\delta V\).
Work during the cycles¶
Consider the cycle shown in Figure 2. The cycle shown produces a net work output because the work done by the system during the expansion process (area under path A) is greater than the work done on the system during the compression part of the cycle (area under path B), and the difference between these two is the net work done during the cycle (the colored area, \(W_{cycle}\)).
\(W_{cycle} = \oint p dV = \int_{V_1}^{V_2}p dV + \int_{V_2}^{V_1}p dV\) (8)
Problem 1¶
A gas in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes an expansion process for which the relationship between pressure and volume is given by
\(pV^n = constant\)
The initial pressure is 3 bar, the initial volume is 0.1 m^3, and the final volume is 0.2 m^3. Determine the work for the process, in kJ, if (a) \(n\) = 1.5, (b) \(n\) = 1.0, and (c) \(n\) = 0.
def integrand(V, n, const):
'''function to return the work done in polytropic process :
pV^n = const (this could be replaced with appropriate expressions for other processes)
This function integrates the integrand from V1 to V2 '''
W = const/V**n
return W
n = 1.5
V1 = 0.1 # m^3
V2 = 0.2 # m^3
p1 = 3 # bar
const = p1*10**5*V1**n
p2 = const/(V2**n)
W = quad(integrand, V1, V2, args=(n, const))
print("The work done during process, W = %1.2f kJ " %(W[0]/1000))
The work done during process, W = 17.57 kJ
Check your work¶
P1. What is the work done during the process in the above exmaple if \(n\) = 1.4 , initial pressure is \(5 bar\), the initial volume is \(0.05 m^3\) ?
# enter your work here
n =
V1 = # m^3
V2 = # m^3
p1 = # bar
const =
p2 =
W = # work output in J
answer = W[0]/1000 # work output in kJ
print("The work done during process, W = %1.2f kJ " %answer)
import check_lab01 as p
p.check_p01(answer)
File "<ipython-input-3-557c97ba10d0>", line 3
n =
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
P2. Consider a heat engine cycle in Figure 3. Heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy to mechanical work. For the cycle in Figure 3, \(V_1= 0.1 m^3\), \(p1 = 3 bar\) , \(V_2= 0.3 m^3\) \(p3 = 1 bar\)
What is the net work outout from the cycle ?
# enter your work here
p1 = # bar
V1 = #m^3
p3 = # bar
V2 = #m^3
answer = # area under the p-V curve
print(answer) # total work in kJ
print("The work done during cycle, W = %1.2f kJ " %(answer))
import check_lab01 as p
p.check_p02(answer)
39.99999999999999
The work done during cycle, W = 40.00 kJ
Nice work!
2
Procedure¶
The procedure and details of the experiment are included in a lab-handout [3].
Notes on error propagation¶
The theory of error analysis gives a general formula for the uncertainty when a result is found by a calculation from a collection of measurements [4],. The formula is based on the idea of a first-order Taylor series expansion of functions of many variables. For a well behaved function \(f(x,y,z,...)\) of the completely independent physical variables \(x,y,z,...\) which have uncertainties \(,\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z,...\) then the uncertainty in the value of the result \(\sigma_f\) is given by the formula:
\(\sigma_f^2 = (\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial x})^2\sigma_x^2 + (\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial y})^2\sigma_y^2 + (\frac{\partial{f}}{\partial z})^2\sigma_z^2\) (9)
For example, in this experiment, we are using external weights (\(mg\)) to compress volume of gas in the cylinder by height \(h\). Work done by the force is:
\(W = mgh\) (10)
where, \(g\) is the gravitational accleration. Using Eq(9), the \(\sigma_W\) is obtained as:
\(\sigma_W^2 = (\frac{\partial{W}}{\partial m})^2\sigma_m^2 + (\frac{\partial{W}}{\partial g})^2\sigma_g^2 + (\frac{\partial{W}}{\partial h})^2\sigma_h^2\) (11)
Note :
In Eq (11), for constant g , \(\sigma_g = 0\)
It’s a standard practice to use standard deviation as uncertainty in the measurement when multipe measurements are availabe
If the measurement is made only once or if you get the same measurement a few times, the minimum uncertainty can be approximated with the value of the least significant digit (least-count) of the measurement display [5]. This is a more conservative way of accounting for uncertainties as you are assuming all sources of error are much smaller than the device’s uncertainty.
References¶
M.J. Moran and H.N. Shapiro, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Eighth Edition, Chapter 2.
ME3264 Lab1 - Heat Engine, Prof. Bryan W. Weber (Spring 2020)


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Welcome!
I'm a second year PhD student working with Prof. Subhash Suri in the department of computer science at UCSB. Looking forward to CS291A: Scalable Internet Services this quarter.
| Row 0 column 0 | Row 0 column 1 |
| Row 1 column 0 | Row 1 column 1 |
| Row 2 column 0 | Row 2 column 1 |


Nicola has built a simple robot for painting of the wall. The wall is marked at each meter and the robot has a list of painting operations. Each operation describes which part of wall it needs to paint as a range from place to place, inclusively. For example: the operation [1, 5] means to paint the sections from 1 to 5 meters including sections 1 and 5. Operations are executed in the order they are placed in the list of operations. If the range of various operations are overlapped, then they must be counted once.
Stephan has prepared a list of operations, but we need to check it before the robot executes its painting plan. You are given the number of meters on the walls which need painting, (the painted zones can be separated by non painted parts) and the list of operations prepared by Stephan, you should determine the number of operations from this list required to paint the designated length of the wall. If it's impossible to paint that length with the given operations, then return -1.
Input: Two arguments.
Output: The minimum number of operations. If you cannot paint enough of the length with the given operations, return -1.
Example:
checkio(5, [[1,5], [11,15], [2,14], [21,25]]) == 1 # The first operation will paint 5 meter long. checkio(6, [[1,5], [11,15], [2,14], [21,25]]) == 2 # The second operation will paint 5 meter long. The sum is 10. checkio(11, [[1,5], [11,15], [2,14], [21,25]]) == 3 # After the third operation, the range 1-15 will be painted. checkio(16, [[1,5], [11,15], [2,14], [21,25]]) == 4 # Note the overlapped range must be counted only once. checkio(21, [[1,5], [11,15], [2,14], [21,25]]) == -1 # There are no ways to paint for 21 meters from this list. checkio(1000000011,[[1,1000000000],[11,1000000010]]) == -1 # One of the huge test cases.
Hint: To handle the beginning-end of the list, you could try running a binary search.
How it is used: This skillset is often used in computer simulations.
Precondition:
0 < len(operations) ≤ 30
all(0 < x < 2 * 10 ** 18 and 0 < y < 2 * 10 ** 18 for x, y in operations)
0 < required < 2 * 10 ** 18


[GSoC 2016] Progress in RCurry
Hello all!
Over the last week, I progressed in defining RCurry and correspondingly updated ICurryToAbstractRuby(the module to convert ICurry to RCurry). The current implementation can be used to compile and execute simple examples like mynot
and myappend
. There were many issues regarding lack of information available in ICurry which I tackled after discussions with my mentor. The source for RCurry and ICurryToAbstractRuby are available on the Github repository. A sample ruby object code produced by this version of the system can be found here.
This week I plan on completing the full support for converting ICurry to RCurry and also improve the ruby runtime environment with features like Modules and Builtin data types. I also plan on working on a new test suite for ruby_curry by verifying the compilation made using ICurry and RCurry.


Toggle column visibility and column order using the ColumnSettingsComponent
.
Install with npm by running:
npm install @angular-generic-table/column-settings dragula ng2-dragula --save
More info available in the wiki.
This how the ColumnSettingsComponent
looks and behaves by default but feel free to customize it using css or by passing predefined classes. You can also define your own template for the columns.
Pass your own template for columns and change texts and css/classes for a custom look and feel.


| DOSE: |
1 hit |
oral |
LSD |
(pill / tablet) |
I had about 20 experiences with LSD before, usually 1-2 hits maximum per trip. The settings were mostly spiritual, our intention were well defined, and almost always answered at the end of the journeys. During my trips I was at the big-bang, saw little robot-like creatures putting the atoms together to create the universe, I was the fish in the ocean, the bug on the floor. I saw the sound moving, talked to birds, felt the pain of a wounded soldier in Iraq, saw the spirit leaving her body at a funeral, discovered where and who I was before my present life, etc. During these trips I was never terrified, even though some of the dreams, thoughts were not pleasant.
My latest trip was very unusual though and I would define it as an extremely interesting, but “bad” trip. I had a headache for two days before the trip and taking pills for it caused some stomach problems that dehydrated me. Also, I was overworked and under-rested.
On a beautiful full moon day my friend and I both took one hit. We came on in 20-30 minutes, made love with many orgasms. Just experiencing my partner’s orgasm triggered one in me. After that I went to the bathroom, and suddenly I got very dizzy. The whole world felt suddenly twisted, and I felt like I stepped over the imaginary, the “other” world. Once back from the bathroom, I was not able to speak coherently. I was shaking and my stomach started to hurt. I checked the clock, and it showed 3:10 PM. My friend saw that something was not right, and tried to talk to me, but I was not able to respond. In my mind I was trapped in the “other”, the imaginary world. I saw the parallel universe, which was behind the imaginary world. I saw myself in both places. I checked the time again, and it was still 3:10 PM, even though I traveled everywhere.
I suddenly felt the urge to have some professional help. I thought maybe if I go to the emergency room they can stop my “bad” trip. And I looked at the clock again, and it still showed 3:10 PM. I really got scared. I thought I was trapped in time, and in a world, that is non-existent in the “normal” perception of things. I thought no one can help me, since time does not exist. I will live my life in 3:10 PM from that point and there is no solution to that problem. I saw my life like a movie running in front of my eyes, I felt sorry for myself, and I through up. All my pain, my stress, my sadness came out from my mouth.  I felt purged, relieved but still way over the other world.
My body was shaking, my legs could not hold me. I was afraid to let myself go. I thought if I do, I will never come back. At that time my friend decided to get some niacin to stop my trip. While he was gone, I took cold and hot showers, hoping it switches me back to reality. Nothing. I set down to do some yoga. No result. I tried to meditate, to cry, I could not. By that time, I thought I got schizophrenic, induced by LSD, and from now on I will see the world that way. I truly believed I lost my mind for good. It was very scary.
My friend got back by 4 PM and I started to take the niacin. Gradually, but very slowly I was getting better, however, my short term memory seemed effected. I could not remember the morning’s events, the previous days event, not even our wonderful love-making. About 8-9 PM I started to recollect my memory, but my speech was still not perfectly coherent. I watched the Olympics, but could not put the situations and people together.
Looking back, it was a very shamanic but scary experience.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


6 references to AtBreakpoint
System.Management.Automation (6)
engine\debugger\debugger.cs (1)
2939
((job.JobStateInfo.State == JobState.Running) || (job.JobStateInfo.State == JobState.
AtBreakpoint
)))
engine\remoting\client\Job.cs (4)
2402
if (e.JobStateInfo.State == JobState.
AtBreakpoint
)
2407
SetJobState(JobState.
AtBreakpoint
);
2413
(e.PreviousJobStateInfo.State == JobState.
AtBreakpoint
))
3809
SetJobState(JobState.
AtBreakpoint
);
engine\remoting\commands\DebugJob.cs (1)
244
(job.JobStateInfo.State == JobState.
AtBreakpoint
));


(% include "includes/head.html" %)
(% include "includes/loading.html" %)
(% include "includes/navbar.html" %)
(% include "includes/organization.html" %)
{{ i18n[title] }}
{{ i18n.errors['$(error)']}}
$(error-orig)
{{ i18n.loginPage }}
(% include "includes/footer.html" %)
(% include "includes/foot.html" %)


The ChartManager manages all charts that will be displayed on the page.
The ChartManager is responsible for the generation of the correct header-code that has to be inserte into the page's <head> element. The purpose of this code is to contact the Google server to fetch all required, external JavaScript code used to render the charts. It also contains code, that will assign the data and options to the charts and to create the chart themselfs.
Located in /googlecharttools/view/ChartManager.class.php (line 40)
Adds another chart to the manager.
All charts that should be displayed on the page have to be added to the manager. Please make sure, that all chart have their own, unique ID. If a chart is added having the same ID as a chart that has been added before, the "older" chart will be overwritten.
Adds additional code at the beginning of the generated JavaScript onLoad-function.
Adds additional code at the end of the generated JavaScript onLoad-function.
Encapsulates the code generated by getJavaScriptCode() in a valid HTML-code.
The generated code is encapsulated in a <script> element.
Genarates the JavaScript code that will prepare all charts.
This method will generate a preparation JavaScript-function for all charts that have been added. This functions assign the chart's data, options and the charts themselve to a global variable. The generated code doesn't contain the required code to load the packages from Google's server but a callback function that prepares and displayes all charts automatically as soon as all packages have been loaded.
Documentation generated on Mon, 01 Oct 2012 16:45:03 +0200 by phpDocumentor 1.4.4


Across: 1. Short manager accompanies 100 to tea-party venue (6) 4. Maybe wounded creatures return to roost? (7) 9. Skin softener mixed nicely, Reg (9) 10. Fact is, you French are carried by Mum! (5) 11. Alloy that will provide support (5) 12. Sell Burma weather protection (9) 13. Turner needs to fix 550 in Home Counties (7) 15. Worthless attempt to pick up the burnt bits (6) 17. Mega-star gives health food party (6) 19. Speak haltingly about m-mats, being backward (7) 22. Criticiser rode madly round motoring organisation in race (9) 24. Women are held by the King? (5) 26. Frequently seen in the loft entrance (5) 27. Generous, but in foul disorder! (9) 28. Upset, turns red about novice leather-worker (7) 29. Marker gets twenty right! (6) Down: 1. Algy's pal assembles large force with the French (7) 2. Throw at empty lorry with trepidation (5) 3. Cockney girl's son is in the dryer, groaning, possibly (9) 4. Group takes Basil in for drink (7) 5. Farmland region is home to French boy.... (5) 6. ....Girl has half-mile to go to edge of holy place (9) 7. Roads swallowed by River Of Death! (6) 8. Tiny time-piece (6) 14. Angry couple follow taxmen (9) 16. Emotionless man has twitch after first soft blow (9) 18. Cor! To be running wild for one month! (7) 19. To talk pompously is about right for one from Brussels, perhaps! (6) 20. Rose takes stroll between King and Queen (7) 21. Silly people come back South to African dictator (6) 23. End boy holds upset sister (5) 25. Umpire returns to point (5)


We create amazing Webflow templates for creative people all around the world and help brands stand out.


"""
airdefs
AirMapSDK
Created by AirMap Team on 6/28/16.
Copyright (c) 2016 AirMap, Inc. All rights reserved.
"""
[docs]class Startup:
"""Startup configuration
:notes:
"""
[docs] class Drone:
"""Drone information (ID, Location, Status)
"""
[docs] def enum(*sequential, **named):
enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
reverse = dict((value, key) for key, value in enums.iteritems())
enums['reverse_mapping'] = reverse
return type('Enum', (), enums)
State = enum(connect='connect', prearm='prearm', gpslock='gpslock', airstatus='airstatus', arm='arm', takeoff='takeoff')
[docs]class Advisory:
"""Advisoy information (Pre-Flight, In-Flight)
:notes: Advisory status color list
"""
[docs] class Color:
"""Flight status color code
"""
[docs] def enum(*sequential, **named):
enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
reverse = dict((value, key) for key, value in enums.iteritems())
enums['reverse_mapping'] = reverse
return type('Enum', (), enums)
Colors = enum(gray='gray', green='green', yellow='yellow', red='red')
"""Color code
:param gray: Disbabled
:param green: Go
:param yellow: Advise
:param red: NoFly
"""
[docs]class Globals:
"""Global settings
:notes: Session parametes address, port, timeot, api key, token, pilot id, flight id
"""
httpsAddr = 'api.airmap.io'
keyAddr = 'sso.airmap.io'
telemetryAddr = 'api-aero-telemetry.airmap.com'
httpsPort = 443
httpPort = 80
timeOut = 18
AirConnected = False
thisCID = None
xapikey = None
myToken = None
pilot_id = None
myFlightID = None
pilotIDValid = False
[docs] def strPrint(self, data):
"""Information send to console
:param data: information to send to console
:returns: None
"""
print str(data) + "\r"
[docs] def dbgPrint(self, data):
"""Debug send to console
:param data: Debug or information to send to console
:returns: None
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
print str(data) + "\r"
[docs]class Properties():
"""Name to Value Keypairs
"""
def __init__(self, prop_name, prop_value):
"""Properties key pair
:param prop_name: Pair data name
:param prop_value: Pair data value
:returns: None
"""
self.prop_name = prop_name
self.prop_value = prop_value
[docs]class Advisories():
"""Adivosry group list
:notes: Distance, date of last update, name, city, color(status), country, longitude, properties, state, latitude, type, id
"""
def __init__(self, distance, last_updated, name, city, color, country, longitude, properties, state, latitude, type, id):
"""Advisories key pair
:param distance: Distance to neareast advisory
:param last_updated: Advisory date
:param name: Advisory name
:param city: Advisory city
:param color: Green-ok, Yellow-Advise, Red-NoFly
:param country: Advisory country
:param longitude: Advisory location longitude
:param properties: Advisory information
:param state: Advisory state
:param latitude: Advisory location latitude
:param type: Advisory type
:param id: Advisory unique ID
:returns: None
"""
self.distance = distance
self.last_updated = last_updated
self.name = name
self.city = city
self.color = color
self.country = country
self.longitude = longitude
self.properties = properties
self.state = state
self.latitude = latitude
self.type = type
self.id = id
[docs]class Requirement:
"""Notification requirments contact key pair list
"""
[docs] def enum(*sequential, **named):
enums = dict(zip(sequential, range(len(sequential))), **named)
reverse = dict((value, key) for key, value in enums.iteritems())
enums['reverse_mapping'] = reverse
return type('Enum', (), enums)
State = enum(digital='digital', phone='phone')
[docs]class Weather:
"""Weather control parameters
:param on: Enable weather data
:param off: Disable weather data
"""
on="true"
off="false"
[docs]class Public:
"""Make flight public
:param on: Public flight
:param off: Private flight
"""
on=True
off=False
[docs]class Notify:
"""Enable notifications
:param on: Enable notifications
:param off: Disable notifications
"""
on=True
off=False


This course will walk you through the basic concepts of Python, OOP with Python, Project Structure, io and finish with a practical Python project to tie the course material together.
Python is a clear and powerful object-oriented programming language, comparable to Perl, Ruby, Scheme, or Java.
Developed by Guido van Rossum
Test that Python is properly installed by running
python --version
in a CMD/Powershell shell.
In case of errors reference the - Using Python on Windows page: link
Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.7
python3 --version
On macOS, the best way to install Python 3 is to use Homebrew. Not familiar with homebrew? link
brew install python3
There are several tools installed with the Python interpeter. Here are some of them:
python interpreter | The python interpreter. The executable that can be called directly from the commandline/terminal to start a new interactive python session (REPL) or to run python modules/files/packages |
pip | The Python package manager. The official Python package manager. Lets the user download and manage third-party packages hosted on the Python package index (PyPI) |
IDLE | IDLE is Python's Integrated Development and Learning Environment. Its a Python IDE for and by Python |
pydoc | The pydoc module automatically generates documentation from Python modules. |
Python can be used and developed with using only a basic text editor and the python interpreter. But for larger and more complex projects there is a benefit to use porpouse built tools for Python development.
Maybe the best Python IDE today link
Objects are Python's abstraction for data. All data in a Python program is represented by objects or by relations between objects.
Python has two main versions. Python 2 and Python 3. Python 3 is the newest, but it has struggeled with adoption for some time. Python 3 has as of 2018 taken the mantle as the main version from Python 2.
Practicly this means that new Python packages and application will in most cases be written in Python 3.
In a typical Python program there is alot less dumb grunt work than in program implemented in other languages. Python provides powerful object types built into the language. There is less of a need to code up serveral functions and classes to get only the basic functionality.
Numbers | 12 , 343.34 , Decimal() |
Strings | "sauna", ‘python' |
Lists | [1, "two, [ 4, 5] ] |
Dictonaries | {"breakfast": "eggs", "number": 1, "nested": {1: "element"}} |
Tuples | (1, "bacon", 13.2, ["data", 1]) |
Sets | set("aaaa") -> {"a"} |
Booleans | True, False |
NoneType | None |
Java
int myInt = 5;
Python
my_int = 5
In Python, types are determined automatically at runtime, not in response to declarations in code.
my_var = 1
my_var += 1 # 2
my_var = "hello"
my_var += " friend" # hello friend"
Under the hood Python uses types, but these types live in the objects you create. Not in the references to them.
The Python can be runned interactivly through the commandline. Running bash python
in the commandline start a RELP (Read Evaluate Print Loop ) instance.
Windows: Ctrl + Z + Enter
Mac/Linux: Ctrl + D
The Python Standard Library is large. Python follows a philosophy of; "Batteries included". Python is ready to go out of the box with modules to do a vast array of tasks.
import module_name
from module_name import function_name
import module_name as alias
from module_name import function_name as alias
import math # import only the module
result = math.factorial(2)
from math import factorial # import the factorial function from the math module
result = factorial(2)
help(module_name)
The Python interpreter has a number of functions and types built into it that are always available.
The full list of Python 3 built-in functions can be found here: link
len() # Return the length (the number of items) of an object.
input() # The function then reads a line from input, converts it to a string
print() # Prints to stdout
bool() # returns the True or False
help() # Invoke the built-in help system. (This function is intended for interactive use(REPL).)
Scalar types and values
unlimited precision signed integer
my_int = 1
my_new_int = int(22.22) # 22
from_str_int = int("456") # 456
my_float = 323.12
my_next_float = 3e8
my_third_float = 1.7e-35
None is the only value of the NoneType. It is most often used to represent the absence of a value.
nothing = None
sant = True
usant = False
bool(sant) # returns True
bool(1) # returns True
bool(0) # returns False
bool([]) # returns False, empty list is falsy
bool([1,2,10]) # returns True, not-empty list is truthy
Python can be used as a interactive calculator, a scripting language, to build web applications, to create machine learning models and the list goes on.
To facilitate such broad usescope Python has several different "Structures" to execute Python code in. One of the amazing things with Python is how easy it is to get started with a small script, maybe only to test a small idea or a new module. At the same time if you choose you can build solid structures and define clear abstractions in your program.
Here is a rough mental model for the different structures we write Python code in, and their strength/weaknesses.
The control structure statements in python use colon ( : ) to indicate termination of the statement.
After a colon ( : ) in a statement the body of the construct should follow. This block of code should be indented.
By convention this indentation level is 4 spaces.
; at the end of statements are not needed.
if var1 == var2:
dosomething() # Note 4 space indentation
if var1 == var2:
dosomething() # Indentation ERROR
Every new indentation level defines a new block
if var1 == var2:
dosomething()
if var1 is True:
dosomethingmore()
In languages like Java &&, ||, ! are used for and, or, not.
In Python we just use those words instead:
if expr or expr2:
dosomething()
if expr and expr2:
dosomethingelse()
if not expr:
dothatthing()
For not equal you can use !=
if expr != expr2:
dothatthing()
Indentation levels in Python code matches the structure of the program.
Python has a large and very opinionated community. Writing Python code that follows the community standards is recognised as writing pythonic code.
Development of the Python language is managed through PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals)
Accessing Zen of Python within Python itself
import this
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
Flat is better than nested.
Sparse is better than dense.
Readability counts.
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.
Although practicality beats purity.
Errors should never pass silently.
Unless explicitly silenced.
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.
Now is better than never.
Although never is often better than *right* now.
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
According to PEP 8 Python programs should follow the following style:
class CamelCaseClassNames:
pass
def snake_case_functions():
pass
Modules should have short, all-lowercase names. Underscores can be used in the module name if it improves readability
my_module
Python does not have a built-in concept of "private".
The underscore prefix is meant as a hint to another programmer that a variable, function or method starting with a single underscore is intended for internal use. This convention is defined in PEP 8.
my_int = 1 # integer intended for public use
_my_int = 1 # integer not inteded for public use
def public_function():
pass
def _private_function():
pass
if expr:
print("expr is True")
if True:
print("true!") # will be printed
if False:
print("false") # will not be printed
Python will implicitly convert expresions to a bool value. Both of the print() statements in the block under will execute
if bool("yay"):
print("yoo")
if "yay":
print("yoo")
if 30 < 10:
print("30 is smaller than 10")
else:
print("30 is bigger than 10")
while expr:
print("looping while expr is true")
Print and decrement
abc = 10
while abc != 0:
print(abc)
abc -= 1
Infinite loop
abc = 10
while True
print(abc)
abc -= 1
break statement terminates the loop and transfers execution to the first statement after the loop.
while True:
if expr:
break
print("this will be printed after break")
for-loops in Python are really what is called foreach loops in language like Java
for-loops iterate over iterables, item by item.
for item in iterable:
dosomething(item)
for number in range(10):
print(number)
Python String has the type of str
Definition of str
: Immutable sequences of Unicode codepoints
NOTE: Default encoding for Python strings are utf-8
"this is a string" # doblequote
'this is also a string' # singlequoute
" string with single quoute 'inside' " # doublequote with singlequote inside
' string with single quoute "inside" ' # singlequote with doublequote inside
' string with escaped singlequote \' ! ' # escape singlequote
"this will result in error' # single and double quote
string_variable = "string"
""" This is
a really long
string! """
The str type has a corresponding str() function to get the str representation of the object.
my_string = str(variable)
string_int = str(456) # "456"
string_bool = str(True) # "True"
Characters in a string can be looped over like a sequence
my_string = "ABCD"
# This loop will print A B C D
for ch in my_string:
print(ch)
Characters in a string can be indexed like a sequence
my_string = "ABCD"
# This loop will print A B C D
for i in range(len(my_string)):
print(my_string[i])
Create a script that
Python lists are the workhorse of the Python data structures. It is a mutable sequence of objects. Note that a list can contain different data types, but creating and using lists containing different types would be considered bad practice.
Python lists have the type list
my_list = [] # create a empty list
also_my_list = list() # create a empty list with the list function
cool_list = ["Some", "Data", "Items"]
my_list = [1, 2, 4, 1, 9]
sum = 0
for num in my_list:
sum += num
print(sum) # 17
my_list = ["I", "am", "having", "fun"]
element= my_list[3]
print(element) # fun
my_list = ["I", "am", "having", "fun"]
my_list[3] = "a blast"
print(my_list) # ['I', 'am', 'having', 'a blast']
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
my_list.append("Mhhh this might cause some confusion for people using my code")
print(my_list) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 'Mhhh this might cause some confusion for people using my code']
Tuples work like lists, except that elements in tuples cannot change place. Tuples are immutable. After a tuple has been created, the length of the tuple cannot change.
# create tuple
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4)
#access contents
element = my_tuple[1]
new_tuple = (1, 2) + (3 ,4) # (1 , 2, 3 , 4)
trippeled_tuple = (1, 2) * 3 # (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2)
To create a tuple with only one element, leave a trailing ,
only_int = (1) # 1
tuple_with_int = (1,) # (1, )
Python dictionaries are mutable mappings of keys to values. Dictionaries are fundemental to Python and many internal structures in the Python runtime are implemented using dictonaries.
Python dictionaries have the type dict
Dictionaries can be created by placing a comma-separated list of key: value pairs within braces, for example: {'jack': 4098, 'sjoerd': 4127}
or {4098: 'jack', 4127: 'sjoerd'}
, or by the dict constructor dict()
.
{key1: value1, key2: value2}
A dictionary's keys are almost arbitrary values. Values that are not hashable, that is, values containing lists, dictionaries or other mutable types (that are compared by value rather than by object identity) may not be used as keys
locations = {"Sondre": "Oslo", "Grandpa": "heaven"}
phone_book = {"girlfriend": 90392939, "pizza_shop": 12321291}
locations = {"Sondre": "Oslo", "Grandpa": "heaven"}
sondres_location = locations["Sondre"]
print(sondres_location) # Oslo
phone_book = {"girlfriend": 90392939, "pizza_shop": 12321291}
phone_book["fish_tacos"] = 22310943
phone_book[1230924] = "Whoopsi this might be a mistake, but it is valid Python code"
print(phone_book) # {'girlfriend': 90392939, 'pizza_shop': 12321291, 'fish_tacos': 22310943, 1230924: 'Whoopsi this might be a mistake, but it is valid Python code'}
For the full list of dict methods: link
Get the dict items. Returns all the key, value pair as a list of tuples
my_dict = {1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"}
print(my_dict.items()) # [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]
Returns all the keys in the dict as a list
my_dict = {1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"}
print(my_dict.keys()) # [1, 2, 3]
Returns all the values in the dict as a list
my_dict = {1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"}
print(my_dict.values()) # ["a", "b", "c"]
If you want to write a somewhat longer program, you are better off writing code in files, known as creating a script. As your program gets longer, you may want to split it into several files for easier maintenance. You may also want to use a handy function that you've written in several programs without copying its definition into each program.
To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a script. Such a file is called a module; definitions from a module can be imported into other modules or into the main module (The file executed first by the python interpreter eks: python main.py
).
A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix .py
To start a new Python project
bash
mkdir python-course-project
bash
cd python-course-project
touch web_reader.py
Now we are ready to start writting a Python script
Open the web_reader.py in you preferred Python editor
Copy and paste:
from urllib import request
with request.urlopen("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/sonhal/db9c2f7869c6937bdfed009c5381f2de/raw/a63d7b16a14247e13ddebfe4f064a2987b3ae011/python_course_data.txt") as file:
words = file.read().decode("utf-8").split()
numbers_in_the_text = []
for word in words:
if word.isdigit():
int_word = int(word)
numbers_in_the_text.append(int_word)
print(numbers_in_the_text)
There is a bug in the code, but we will ignore it for now (did you catch it?)
Now lest execute it
python3 web_reader.py
The result printed to the terminal should be:
[1, 456]
Change the code python code in web_reader.py to print out every word in the result from the url.
What does the text contain?
If you try to import the web_reader module. Either into a REPL instance or into another module you will quickly realise that the code in the module is run immediately. Thats not very flexible!
To make our code more flexible by giving the users of our module the opprotunity to descide when and what kind of functionality they would like to use we define a function.
def my_function(parameter1, parameter2):
""" Codeblock """
def add(a, b):
return a + b
def funny_print(text):
print(f"HaHaHa {text}") # Note the f"" string syntax
Functions that does not return explicitly returns None
Normal argument passing
my_funny_joke = "boogers"
funny_print(my_funny_joke)
Passing as keyword argument
my_funny_joke = "boogers"
funny_print(text=my_funny_joke) # more readable perhaps
Python functions can be defined with default arguments. That is arguments that are optional and will default to a specified value if the argument is not added by the caller of the function.
def function_name(param=default):
...
def decode_str(encoding="utf-8"):
...
# Define function
def say_meow(times=1):
""" Function that prints 'Meow!' """
for _ in range(times):
print("Meow!")
# Use function
say_meow() # Meow!
say_meow(2) # Meow! Meow!
Refactor the web_reader module.
Wrap the code in a function named nav_facts
The function should not take any arguments
Here is an example of a more feature rich web_reader module.
The """ """
block under the function signature is called a docstring and documents the function.
from urllib import request
from collections.abc import Sequence
# -> says this function returns None
def print_nav_facts() -> None:
"""
Prints facts about NAV
:return: None
"""
url = "https://gist.githubusercontent.com/sonhal/db9c2f7869c6937bdfed009c5381f2de/raw/a63d7b16a14247e13ddebfe4f064a2987b3ae011/python_course_data.txt"
words = read_from_url(url=url)
for word in words:
print(word)
# -> says this function returns a Sequence
def read_from_url(url: str) -> Sequence:
"""
:param url: str with url to resource
:return: list of returned data split by space
"""
with request.urlopen(url) as file:
words = file.read().decode("utf-8").split()
return words
Note the type annotations in these functions
-> indicates that the function returns the type that follows
parameters in functions can be type annotated as so:
def func(param1: int, param2: str):
pass # pass gives us the opporotunity to mock up functions
Type anotations in Python are purely for documentation and static code analysis tools, like type hinting in IDEs
In the Python runtime every element is an object.
Every object has an identity, a type and a value. An object's identity never changes once it has been created; you may think of it as the object's address in memory.
Modules in Python are also object, and as sutch have attributes we can access. attributes in Python that are named with double underscores__attribute__
are called Special Attributes.
Once such special attribute is: __name__
`
The __name__
attribute lets our module discover if it has been imported into another module or if it has been run as main.
Add the following to the bottom of web_reader.py
`
if __name__ == "__main__":
print_nav_facts()
Run the script with:
python3 web_reader.py
Now we can import the web_reader module without having the code excetute and we can still execute the code from the commandline
passing arguments to our program is a good way to make more usable scripts. Python provides direct access to the passed arguments and a package for more sophisticated CLI applications
import sys
if __name__ == "__main__":
first_cli_argument = sys.argv[1] # sys.argv[0] is the module python is executing
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process some integers.')
parser.add_argument('integers', metavar='N', type=int, nargs='+',
help='an integer for the accumulator')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args.accumulate(args.integers))
Python Module | Convenient import with API |
Python Script | Convenient execution from command line |
Python Program | Generally composed of several modules |
Python is garbage collected. When every reference to a object goes out of scope the object gets garbage collected.
Python does not really have the samme variables as other languages like C++ or Java. In Python all variables are named references to objects.
a = 5
b = 3
id(a) # returns the indentity of the object
id(b)
a is b # False
a = b
a is b # True, a now points to the same int object as b
is
operator determines equality of identity==
to test for equivalenceb = [2,3]
a = b # a now points to the same list object as b
a is b # True, a and b points to the same object
a == b # True, a and b point to the same object and that object is of course equivalent with itself
a = [2,3] # assign a to a new list object containing the same values as b
a is b # False, a and b points to different list objects
a == b # True, a and b's list objects are equivalent
Python and Java exceptions are similar.
try:
# code that might throw an exception
except ExceptionType:
# handle exception
You can get a reference to the Exception object by assignmet in the except clause.
try:
# code that might throw exceptions
except ValueError as err:
print(err)
If we want we can log the error and re-raise the error.
try:
# code that might throw exceptions
except TypeError as err:
print(f"TypeError: {err}")
raise # raise the TypeError again
We can ensure that a code block always is run after an exception with finally
try:
# code that might throw exceptions
except Exception as err:
pass
finally:
print("I will always be ran!")
In Python we commonly do not try to protect against TypeErrors.
def convert_to_int(var):
if not isinstance(var, str):
raise TypeError("var argument must be a string")
return int(var)
This is regarded as bad Python code.
Python is a dynamically typed language, embrace that!
In Python any object can be iterate over as long as it implements the __iter__
magic method.
class SchoolBus:
def __init__(self, *students):
self._students = list(students)
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self._students)
# Create Schoolbus with two students
sb = SchoolBus("Mike", "Fred")
# loop over the SchoolBus object
for student in sb:
print(student) # Mike Fred
Comprehensions is a method of defining container data-structures, like lists, dicts and sets in a declarative manner.
[expr(item) for intem in iterable]
words = " Hello I am learning a new Python concept".split() # ["Hello", "I", "am", "learning", "a", "new", "Python", "concept"]
word_length = [len(word) for word in words] # [5, 1, 2, 8, 1, 3, 6, 7]
We have to call .items() since iteration directly on a dict object only yields the keys.
dict_variable = {key:value for (key,value) in dictonary.items()}
Lets reverse the switch key and value with a comprehension
name_and_age = {"Mike": 20, "Monica": 30, "Lars": 43}
age_and_name = {value:key for (key, value) in name_and_age.items()}
In Python as we have seen it is not necessary to create classes to structure our code. Create classes to hold our code and data will in many cases be regarded as bad practice by seasoned pythonistas. Python is a flexible language. It is up to the writer to decide what level of structure and abstraction the code needs.
The convention is to use CammelCase for Python class names.
class ClassName:
pass
In Python the constructor is handled by the language. Python instead exposes the int() method. For all practical purposes the init() method can be thought of like a contructor.
class ClassName:
def __init__(arg1, arg2):
pass
Python's classes are famous for their magic methods , commonly called dunder (double underscore) methods.
they are named in the same way:
__methodname__
Most used of them is the __init__
method, used for class instansiation. They're special methods that you can define to add "magic" to your classes.
Defines behavior for when str() is called on an instance of your class.
__str__(self)
class PrintableClass:
def __init(self, name: str):
self.name = name
def __str__(self):
return f"PrintableClass(name={self.name})"
Defines behavior for when repr() is called on an instance of your class. The major difference between str() and repr() is intended audience. repr() is intended to produce output that is mostly machine-readable (in many cases, it could be valid Python code even), whereas str() is intended to be human-readable.
__repr__(self)
Returns the length of the container. Part of the protocol for both immutable and mutable containers.
__len__(self)
class SchoolBus:
def __init__(self, *students):
self._students = list(students)
def __len__(self):
return len(self._students)
school_bus = SchoolBus("Carl", "Victoria", "Mike")
print(len(school_bus)) # 3
The most common use of multiple inheritance in Python is "Mixin" classes. Classes that provide extra functionality through inheritance. Example: LoggingMixin, AuthenticationMixin.
class MyFunClass(CoolMixin, EvenCoolerMixin):
pass
Most beginners and even some advanced Python programmers do not understand the distinction between instance and class variables. Their lack of understanding forces them to use these different types of variables incorrectly. Let's understand them.
The basic difference is:
class Cal:
# pi is a class variable
pi = 3.142
def __init__(self, radius):
# self.radius is an instance variable
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return self.pi * (self.radius ** 2)
The class should have
name: str
and num_employees: int
get_in_line(user:str)
that takes a user name and adds them to the line ( you have to build the internal datastucture to handle this)get_line()
which returns a tuple with the users in the line.Python comes with a built-in open function.
open()
It takes the following arguments:
Python handles opened files in two modes:
In the case you do not specify an encoding, Python will choose a default based on the contents of:
import sys
sys.getdefaultencoding()
Character | Meaning |
‘r' | open for reading (default) |
‘w' | open for writing, truncating the file first |
‘x' | open for exclusive creation, failing if the file already exists |
‘a' | open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists |
‘b' | binary mode |
't' | text mode (default) |
'+' | open a disk file for updating (reading and writing) |
‘U' | universal newlines mode (deprecated) |
The default mode is ‘r' (open for reading text, synonym of ‘rt').
f = open("cool_text", mode="wt", encoding="utf-8")
f.write("Python courses are the best!\n")
f.write("It is so much fun!")
f.close()
f = open("cool_text", mode="wt", encoding="utf-8")
f.writelines(["Python courses are the best!\n",
"It is so much fun!"])
f.close()
of = open("cool_text", mode="rt", encoding="utf-8")
cool_string = of.read()
print(cool_string) # "Python courses are the best!\nIt is so much fun!"
of = open("cool_text", mode="rt", encoding="utf-8")
cool_string = of.readline()
of.close()
print(cool_string) # "Python courses are the best!\n"
of = open("cool_text", mode="rt", encoding="utf-8")
cool_strings = of.readlines()
of.close()
print(cool_strings) # ["Python courses are the best!\n"], ["It is so much fun!"]
File objects implement the iterator protocol __iter__
We can iterate over a file object like so:
def file_printer(filename):
f = open(filename, mode="rt", encoding="utf-8")
for line in f:
print(line)
f.close()
Just as Code Style, API Design, and Automation are essential for a healthy development cycle, Repository structure is a crucial part of your project's architecture.
README.rst
LICENSE
setup.py
requirements.txt
sample/__init__.py
sample/core.py
sample/helpers.py
docs/index.md
tests/test_basic.py
tests/test_advanced.py
Replace sample
with the name of the project. The sample/
directory is the location of the python code for the project.
This is arguably the most important part of your repository, aside from the source code itself. The full license text and copyright claims should exist in this file.
More about setup.py here link
If your project has no development dependencies, or you prefer development environment setup via setup.py, this file may be unnecessary.
./test_sample.py
Testing code is good, we should all write test for our code. Python comes with a unittest module in the standard libary.
the unittest module. Contorary to it's name can be used for:
Lets say we have the following function, that returns every element in a iterable object that has a even numbered index.
def get_even_indexed(iterable):
return iterable[::2]
We can then write a unittest for the function in this manner:
import unittest
class GetEvenIndexedElementsTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
""" Fixture for setting up variables for the tests to use"""
self.normal_iterable = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
def test_function_runs(self):
"""Basic test to see that the function runs"""
get_even_indexed(self.normal_iterable)
def test_function_return_count(self):
""" Check that the result count is correct"""
result = get_even_indexed(self.normal_iterable)
self.assertEqual(len(result), 4)
One idiomatic practice in Python that often surprises people coming from programming languages where exceptions are considered, well, exceptional, is EAFP: "it's easier to ask for forgiveness than permission". Quickly, EAFP means that you should just do what you expect to work and if an exception might be thrown from the operation then catch it and deal with that fact.
What people are traditionally used to is LBYL: "look before you leap". Compared to EAFP, LBYL is when you first check whether something will succeed and only proceed if you know it will work.
if "key" in dict_:
value += dict_["key"]
try:
value += dict_["key"]
except KeyError:
pass
Some people are going to read this and say that the EAFP version is longer and explicit compared to the LBYL, which is obviously true. But the idea that "explicit is better than implicit" is a key guideline in the design of Python itself, and so the explicitness of the code is on purpose.
Python applications will often use packages and modules that don't come as part of the standard library. Applications will sometimes need a specific version of a library.
This means it may not be possible for one Python installation to meet the requirements of every application. If application A needs version 1.0 of a particular module but application B needs version 2.0, then the requirements are in conflict and installing either version 1.0 or 2.0 will leave one application unable to run.
The solution for this problem is to create a virtual environment, a self-contained directory tree that contains a Python installation for a particular version of Python, plus a number of additional packages.
Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To resolve the earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can have its own virtual environment with version 1.0 installed while application B has another virtual environment with version 2.0. If application B requires a library be upgraded to version 3.0, this will not affect application A's environment.
The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called venv
From the commandline
python3 -m venv env_name
This will create the env_name
directory if it doesn't exist, and also create directories inside it containing a copy of the Python interpreter, the standard library, and various supporting files.
On Windows, run:
env_name\Scripts\activate.bat
On Unix or MacOS, run:
source env_name/bin/activate
To deactive
deactivate
You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called pip
. By default pip will install packages from the Python Package Index, (https://pypi.org)[https://pypi.org]
pip has a number of subcommands: "search", "install", "uninstall", "freeze", etc. See Installing Python Modules
command template
pip install package_name
You can specify package version directly in the commandline
command example
pip install requests==2.6.0
To exercise our new Python skills I will leave you with a (not so) small challenge!
Create a small Python program that can be called from the commandline. The programs purpose is to give the user the description of UiO (Universitetet i Oslo) study courses with a title matching the provided argument.
python3 -m scraper.py informatikk
The program should print to the terminal the following information for each matching course:
To complete the task it is recommended to read about the following python packages:
Build a webscraper with Python tutorial link
python scraper.py informatikk master


Search :
Search By :
NAME
COMPANY
DESIGNATION
Employee Name
Company Name
Designation
{{emp.name}}
{{emp.company}}
{{emp.designation}}


{% extends "withnav_template.html" %} {% from "components/big-number.html" import big_number -%} {% from "components/list.html" import list_of_placeholders %} {% from "components/page-header.html" import page_header %} {% from "components/table.html" import list_table, field, row_heading %} {% from "govuk_frontend_jinja/components/back-link/macro.html" import govukBackLink %} {% block service_page_title %} Choose an emergency contact list {% endblock %} {% block backLink %} {{ govukBackLink({ "href": url_for('main.send_one_off', service_id=current_service.id, template_id=template.id) }) }} {% endblock %} {% block maincolumn_content %} {{ page_header('Choose an emergency contact list') }} {% if template.placeholders %}
You cannot use an emergency contact list with this template because it is personalised with {{ list_of_placeholders(template.placeholders) }}.
Emergency contact lists can only include email addresses or phone numbers.
You have not saved any lists of {{ 99|recipient_count_label(template.template_type) }} yet.
To upload and save an emergency contact list, go to the uploads page.


--- layout: page title: "HTTP-Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)" description: "This document defines a Layer 7 Location Configuration Protocol (L7 LCP) and describes the use of HTTP and HTTP/TLS as transports for the L7 LCP. The L7 LCP is used for retrieving location information from a server within an access network. It includes options for retrieving location information in two forms: by value and by reference. The protocol is an extensible application-layer protocol that is independent of the session layer." ---
| Document Name: | RFC 5985 |
|---|---|
| Document URI: |
urn:ietf:rfc:5985
|
| Online Version: |
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5985
|
| Organization: | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) |
| Series: | Request for Comments (RFC) |
| Abstract: | This document defines a Layer 7 Location Configuration Protocol (L7 LCP) and describes the use of HTTP and HTTP/TLS as transports for the L7 LCP. The L7 LCP is used for retrieving location information from a server within an access network. It includes options for retrieving location information in two forms: by value and by reference. The protocol is an extensible application-layer protocol that is independent of the session layer. |
application/held+xml
Return to ( Series | Organization | all Specifications )


Provided that an MPI implementation meets the requirements above, it is possible for the implementor of the profiling system to intercept all of the MPI calls that are made by the user program. She can then collect whatever information she requires before calling the underlying MPI implementation (through its name shifted entry points) to achieve the desired effects.


Licoranis
Yields: One bottle (750ml)
Preparation time: 10'
Tools
-
Blender or spice grinderFunnel
Ingredients
-
5g of pure licorice200ml of pure (96%+) alcohol10/20 anis seeds550ml Water
Directions
-
Grind the licorice with the anis seeds as fine as possibleOpen the grinder and pour in a bit of the water, then close it and shake a bit to make the licorice dust settleWith the help of a funnel pour the liquid obtained in the bottle


EDIT USER
Username
Email
Phone number
User type
Broadband
Radio
Change Password
Groups
All groups
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Contacts
See Cotacts list
CANCEL
SAVE
Deactivate


Benefit of green tea:
- Contains Bioactive Compounds That Improve Health
- Compounds in Green Tea Can Improve Brain Function and Make You Smarter
- Green Tea Increases Fat Burning and Improves Physical Performance
- Antioxidants in Green Tea May Lower Your Risk of Some Types of Cancer
Which company shoul you prefer:
- Organic India
- MSG Organic Green Tea
- First Bud Organics
- Typhoo Green tea


Prepare your first Contenticious site
Contenticious builds a web site from Markdown files that it finds in a
directory structure. But there's a little more. Use the contenticious
command to generate everything you need in an empty directory:
$ cd foo
$ contenticious init
generating contenticious boilerplate...
[exist] /Users/memowe/Desktop/foo
[write] /Users/memowe/Desktop/foo/config
...
done.
This command will generate four things for you:
- config - a simple config file
With this config file you can tell Contenticious some basic things like where it'll find your content pages or your name. For now, the default values are fine. - pages - the content directory
Contenticious uses this directory to search for Markdown files. Three example pages are already there. - public - used for static content If you want to add something like images or PDF documents to your pages, just add them to this directory. You'll also find the default stylesheet in this directory which is used to make your content as pretty as possible.
- webapp.pl - The actual web app script
This script will be called with several commands to work with Contenticious.
As a first step with your newly created Contenticious directory, start the built-in server:
$ ./webapp.pl daemon
...
Server available at http://<IP_ADDRESS>:3000.
Look up that address (http://<IP_ADDRESS>:3000
) in your favourite browser.
You should see a nice little web site which says something like
Hi there, Contenticious is working.
Next step: Edit your first Contenticious document


The role of the kick-off meeting was to get the conversation started between the agency and Cancer Council stakeholders around several areas involved with the project including:
Information Architecture is an often overlooked and underrated field within the realm of User Experience Design. It can however - make or break your product experience.
IA relies upon the interplay of three components to ensure delightful user experiences:
In conducting our research around navigation menu language we identified 3 linguistic constructs that could be utilised, each with its own set of pros and cons. In assessing the appropriateness of these 3 types of navigation we arrived at the following hypothesis to test and iterate to achieve a best in class solution.
Therefore, Bilue hypothesize the most effective IA would engage Object Oriented Language and grouping for the primary navigation and use task oriented language and grouping where appropriate in subsequent navigation.
The rationale is that the Cancer Council content primarily revolves around educating the user on the many facts of cancer as well as the council's activities which requires object oriented language, it also has some actionable content such as donating or volunteering for which we can use task oriented language, which will satisfy its extensive amount of users.
Object oriented navigation refers to the a naming convention that prioritises the nouns in a given phrase. It can refer to such menu items as “About cancer” or “Cancer prevention”. It is very direct in form and although lacking a humanised tone it's very clear in informing the user about the content of the page giving clear direction.
Task oriented navigation is characterised by the usage of verbs in a given phrase, for example; “LEARN about cancer” or “GIVE to the Cancer Council”. It is quite useful as it creates a more humanised tone in speaking to the user and clearly states the action that they are undertaking. Using task oriented navigation also mimics the mental model of your users and provides a scaffolding for focused navigation around the user's content needs. The South Australian Cancer Council website does a good job of this by breaking down its content into “I have cancer”, “I know someone with cancer” and “I want to cut my cancer risk”, however this can have some drawbacks in certain scenarios.
User oriented navigation on the other hand follows a different approach completely. It utilises language that refers to the user or persona, for example; “Patients & Carers” or “Health Professionals”. It has the benefit of being able to direct a user that knows which group they belong to, to quickly identify where they need to go in order to find what they're looking for. However this type of navigation comes with many downsides:
There's no one magic way to create an experience that will be universally and automatically loved. That's not the goal - rather, we seek to create experiences that will intuitively work for and delight a specific target audience. Similarly, there's no one method for measuring the success of our creations. That's where analytics comes in.
The data indicated that the “About cancer” section had the highest number of page views at 60%, followed by “Preventing cancer” at 19.9%.
We intiated a comparative analysis exercise across the different state sites for the Cancer Council. The primary insight we gained from this was as follows:
In mapping a person's cancer journey, different stages were articulated and later used for the basis of developing personas. These 6 stages were:
A persona, (also user persona, customer persona, buyer persona) in user-centered design and marketing is a fictional character created to represent a user type that might use a site, brand, or product in a similar way. Our research lead us to 3 core behavioural persona groups.
The nature of the Cancer Council’s role in the community requires empathy and understanding due to the areas they focus on. Visitors can be vulnerable and want the Cancer Council to not only offers accurate information, but do so in an understanding matter.
This aligned really well with our workshop findings around what the key user groups were, and hence by cross-referencing existing Cutting Edge research to the workshop we arrived at three core behavioural personas who have priority in terms of the content architecture and importance to the business.
The nature of the Cancer Council’s role in the community requires empathy and understanding. Users can be vulnerable and want the Cancer Council to not only offer accurate information, but do so in an understanding way. They do this with great skill at their offices and on the phone, and the website should be no different.
Therefore, by understanding the information requirements of our key user segments, we arrived at 3 primary statements to describe their emotional needs which are as follows:
With this understanding in mind, it’s important that changes to language and tone reflects the needs of these primary users and speak to them in an appropriate way. It is necessary to address the audience in a manner that is:
Story mapping consists of ordering user stories along two independent dimensions. The "map" arranges user activities along the horizontal axis in rough order of priority (or "the order in which you would describe activities to explain the behaviour of the system").
Down the vertical axis, it represents increasing sophistication of the implementation.
Upon deciding to tackle to homepage first, we setup a workshop with the key stakeholders to gain a deeper understanding of their key goals for that page while relating them back to user needs.
After an exhaustive research and iterative design process, we finally arrived at a few final mockups to present to the client. Here are those mockups for your viewing pleasure.


{% extends 'workshop.html' %} {% block content %}
Time to Success: 20-25 minutes
You probably thought you knew your computer pretty well, after all, you open it every day to work and play on it. However, the computer that you probably know, is well, a gussied up fancy Word and Hulu machine. We humans love metaphor, and what is the Desktop on your computer if not a series of symbolism that allows us to view our machines as extensions of our work lives? How about the Browser? It is a window into the Internet. Even the term Windows is used metaphorically in computing environments!
There is, however, a lower level than the iconographic metaphors that we're used to. A lower, much more powerful level that uses textual commands to precisely control and modify your computers behavior. You've probably seen it in movies -- it's the Command Line Interface.
With great power comes great responsibility, however. Keep in mind that when using the Command Line, whatever you ask your computer to do, the computer will promptly and without question (most of the time) perform that task, even if that task is binary seppuku.
It is natural, therefore, that we as aspiring programmers, will find ourselves having to familiarize oursleves with that environment. After all, programming languages can also be understood to be precise textual commands that will give you unlimitted freedom in instructing the computer how to operate. And more practically, you'll have to be at least marginally comfortable typing in commands for the rest of the workshop!
Before we start, you'll want to open a Terminal. You should have put a shortcut icon to the terminal in your operating system in the first workshop.
First things first, we have to talk about how to talk to the computer with text.
When you come to the terminal, you'll be presented with something that looks a little like this:
localhost:~ username$
This is called the prompt, and while the details will vary across systems
and Terminals, it is communicating some key elements to you, and also prompting you to
type in a command. For example, in this case, the localhost
tells you the
name of the computer that you are controlling (it is possible to command remote computers
through the command line), the ~
indicates the directory you're in, in this
case ~
is short for "home directory", and the username
is the
name of the logged in user.
There are other kinds of prompts. One other one is the prompt for the Python REPL interpreter:
>>>
A prompt of this type signals you that you should type in Python commands instead of the shell commands that we'll be learning in this workshop.
Try it! Type in the following commands:
$ python
>>> print "Hello World!"
>>> exit()
$ exit
However, we'll get to Python later. At the moment, we need to familiarize ourselves with the shell -- the environment used to control the computer.
Here is an example command (go ahead and try it!)
$ ls -la ~/Desktop
This command has several parts:
$
The prompt, an indication that you're in the correct place. When
we discuss commands I will include the prompt, but you don't have to type it.ls
This is the command, also called a Utility.
These are programs that are stored on your computer that when executed will perform
various tasks based on the input (flags and arguments) and output the results in
text to you.-la
Are flags, two flags in particular, the -l
flag
and the -a
flag. Flags are options or preferences to the command, more
on this later.~/Desktop
This is an argument to the Utility. Arguments are used
to specify ordered information that the command needs to function. You can think of
them as input. Arguments are usually placed at the end of the command, and there can
be any number of space separated arguments from none to many.A note on flags: flags come in two flavors: single letter flags as
in -l
or whole word flags such as --version
. In the single
letter version you can chain lots of flags together after the dash, however in the whole
word flag, you have to space seperate the flags. Note that -la
is the same
as -l -a
generally speaking.
In this particular case, the ls
utility lists the contents of a directory
and the -l
flag asks for more information, while the -a
asks to
see all files, even hidden ones. the ~/Desktop
specifies what directory to
show the listing of.
Try to run the ls
utility without the -l
or -a
flags.
Run the command without the ~/Desktop
argument.
Here are a list of the basic utilities on Linux/Unix Terminals that you will use on a regular basis. They are worth comitting to memory! Anything with all capital letters that starts with a dollar sign, like $ARG is an argument to give to the command. Replace $ARG with the value you'd like to pass it.
man $COMMAND
Q
to quit and go back to the prompt.ls $DIR
$DIR
. If no argument is specified
will list the contents of the current working directory.touch $FILE
mkdir $DIR
rmdir $DIR
cd $DIR
$DIR
directory
argument. Basically allows you to move around the computer.pwd
less $FILE
Q
to go back to the prompt.cp $FILE $DESTINATION
mv $FILE $DESTINATION
rm $FILE
sudo $CMD
sudo
before a command and it will prompt
you for your password. When entered, this tells the computer that it should execute
the command as though it were the super administrator, and will allow you to
do anything. Be careful when using this!Try it out! Execute the following commands (in order):
$ man ls
$ touch testfile.txt
$ ls -l
$ cp testfile.txt testfile2.txt
$ ls -l
$ mv testfile.txt testfile3.txt
$ ls -l
$ rm testfile3.txt
$ ls -l
$ pwd
$ mkdir testdir
$ cd testdir
$ pwd
$ ls -l
$ cd ..
$ pwd
$rm testfile2.txt
Computers are organized according to a hierarchical directory file structure. Every
computer has a root directory that contains every other folder and directory.
In Linux this is simply called /
, whereas in Windows it's usally called
C:\
but keep in mind, with Cygwin, we'll be only talking about the Unix
and Linux paradigm.
Because of this structure, every file and directory has an associated absolute path - that is how to find it from the root directory. As you go down from the root directory, the path gets longer, as you go up towards the root directory, it gets shorter. You should recognize this from using Finder or Explorer to navigate your computer's directory structure.
Additionally there is the notion of the relative path - that is, the path to a file or directory from where you currently are in the file system. Again, this is like double clicking a folder in Finder or Explorer -- you're in a particular directory and you can go up to it's parent folder or down into child folders.
absolute paths always start with /
relative paths never start with /
Additionally there are two special symbols: .
and ..
that
represent your current working directory and your parent directory respectively. These
are often used in relative paths to more clearly specify direction.
Try it out! Type in the following:
$ cd ~
$ pwd
$ ls $PWD/Documents/
$PWD is the output of the pwd
command
$ ls ./Documents/
You're already pretty well equipped to navigate the filesystem -- go ahead and take
a look around! Use the cd
command to change directories, and use the
pwd
command if you get lost.
Use cd ..
to go up a parent directory.
Use cd ~
as a shortcut to get back to your home directory.
Remember to use relative and absolute paths as you work your way around.
Here are some shortcuts to make your life on the command line a bit easier (less typing!)
Tab Autocomplete: When typing out a path or a command, you can quickly
finish the rest by pressing the tab
key after you type two or three letters. If
more than one possibility exists, nothing will happen, but if you hit tab
twice,
it will display all the posibilities. This will make you much, much faster!
Previous Commands: Instead of retyping an entire command that you made a type on, hit the up and down arrows to go through your command history!
Again, when interacting with the computer via the command line, you will have an incredible amount of power to ruin your computer and never get your data back. If you're unsure, don't issue a command!.
{% endblock %}


If you want to see ILM's latest resume entry in terms of effects, "The Mask" is a nice addition to their already impressive body of work. On just about any other level, though, it's pretty disappointing. It's an improvement over the comic book that inspired it, but the comic was barely a premise, much less a story. I was hoping the screenwriters could expand the basic idea -- geek finds mask, becomes "cool", wreaks havok -- into something that could en- gage and entertain for a couple of hours. Nope.
Jim Carrey plays Stanley Ipkiss, a nebbish-y bank teller who is jerked around by everyone in sight -- until he finds the mask, a sort of magni- fying glass for the wearer's personality.
If this sounds like fun, it could be -- but Carrey doesn't know what to do with the nebbish side of the equation to make it empathetic or funny. We should be on Stanley's side as much as the Mask, but I found myself waiting for more effects because he was so uninteresting. The acting and writing are strictly from dishwater -- only the manic Carrey, shored up by ILM's rubbery visuals, gives the film spark. The script sets up most the rules the plot needs to work, but how the mask comes on or off -- either in terms of a parasite-mask that "wants" a host, or an increasingly addictive temptation to the wearer -- is poorly dealt with. "Beetlejuice" is a similar concept (with similar problems) that managed to be quirky and lively enough to leap the plot gaps. There's a fair amount of slack here, and the direction, while not with- out verve, isn't up to the task.
It's interesting to see cartoon physics applied to real actors this way, but it's mostly an excuse to trot out the same gags that were old in "Roger Rabbit". The great thing about the Tex Avery cartoons was the feeling that you never knew what you were going to get -- they were so chaotic that you went away feeling that if you saw them more that once, they might be different the next time. Here, you pretty much know what's on your plate, and (aside from the live-action application) oftimes they're even in the same context.
As for the supporting players, Peter Riegert has a couple of moments as the po- lice detective, and the fellow playing his simple sidekick manages to eke a few laughs. Cameron Diaz has presence, but is required to do little but stand around in tight dresses while the camera leers up and down her frame. The vil- lains are forgettable, and this really hurts the picture. Randy Edel- man's score neither hurts nor helps much. Someone looked at "Ace Ventura" and decided that there had to be another cute little dog -- although he is quite important at several points in the plot (almost as much as the Mask himself). Generally, Carrey was a funnier cartoon character in "Ace Ventura", and we got to see him be funny all the way through, instead of having to wait for laughs.
Not recommended.
--
- Jeff "When I'm Finished With You, They'll Be Stumbling Over YOU In The Dark" Pidgeon
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information.
This is where we'll put our content, when we have some. It's not quite as easy as one might think, making a website. Though our blood, sweat, and tears may have built this destination, that was merely framework. Actually putting something of interest here will prove far more challenging. But this one is just about filled up, so on to the next.
Here we meet again, fair traveller. Still a search for entertainment, for a laugh, a cry, perhaps even a change in your worldviews. Sadly, you'll not find that here. Just empty words, and an empty site. Though, not quite as empty as one might imagine. After all, that once again satisfies our simulacrum of the previous site. Until next time, friend.
I am often seized by the fatal American need to have a pretty good time
Ask not what your country can do for you, ask instead what you can do for your country
What we have here, is a failure to communicate
All that is required for evil to triumph is that good men stand idly by


Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Diabetes is a Silent Kille, if It is caught late then this might lead to death of the person. So having an early checkup will help one to recover from Diabetes.


Before Change
raise RuntimeError("{} completed, {} dead, {} failed, {} killed)".format(
len([x for x in res if x=="completed"]), len([x for x in res if x=="dead"]),
len([x for x in res if x.startswith("failed")]), len([x for x in res if x=="killed"])))
if any(x in ("pending", "running", "completed-old") or x.startswith("failed-old") for x in res):
continue
elif all(x == "completed" for x in res):
env.logger.debug("Put results for {}".format(args.tasks))
After Change
monitor_interval=monitor_interval, resource_monitor_interval=resource_monitor_interval)
with open(res_file, "wb") as res_file:
pickle.dump(res, res_file)
if res["ret_code"] != 0 and "exception" in res:
with open(os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".sos", "tasks", task + ".err"), "a") as err:
err.write("sos execute quit with code {} and exception {}: {}\n".format(
res["ret_code"], res["exception"].__class__.__name__, repr(res["exception"])))
exit_code.append(res["succ"])
sys.exit(sum(exit_code))
elif args.queue == "":
from .hosts import list_queues


@* * Copyright 2019 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import play.api.data.Form @import models._ @import incometax.business.forms.BusinessStartDateForm._ @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.helpers.form @import core.config.AppConfig @import incometax.business.models.BusinessStartDateModel @import core.views.html.templates.main_template @import core.views.html.helpers._ @(businessStartDateForm: Form[BusinessStartDateModel], postAction: Call, isEditMode: Boolean, backUrl: String)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: AppConfig) @main_template(title = Messages("business.start_date.title"), form = businessStartDateForm) { @back_link(backUrl) @summaryErrorHelper(businessStartDateForm)


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Example HTML5 form
Example input types
Search:
Telephone:
URL:
Email:
Datetime:
Date:
More examples
Month:
Week:
Time:
Datetime Local:
Number:
Range:
Other new form elements
Color:
Meter
Progress


Hi there, what is your speciality? ['fire', 'water']
A demon name Gary) appeared! They seem to have a chip on their shoulder and want to fight you.
Combat has begun!

From Gary's wand, a jet of fire shoots towards Thierry.

From Gary's wand, a jet of fire shoots towards Thierry.
Thierry's Current Health: 80
Thierry's Max Health: 100
Thierry's Ability Damage: 10
Thierry's Ability Type: fire
Gary's Current Health: 30
Gary's Max Health: 50
Gary's Ability Damage: 10
Gary's Ability Type: fire
What do you want to do? ['attack']
From Thierry's wand, a jet of fire shoots towards Gary.
From Gary's wand, a jet of fire shoots towards Thierry.

From Gary's wand, a jet of fire shoots towards Thierry.

Well done, you beat Gary and leveled up to 2!
Congratulations, you've defeated all the bosses and won the game. Thierry's name shall go down in history!


days |
Extension method for easier construction of Durations in terms of integer days: val Int.days: Duration |
exactAdd |
Like the + operator but throws ArithmeticException in case of integer overflow. infix fun Int.exactAdd(b: Int): Int |
hours |
Extension method for easier construction of Durations in terms of integer hours: val Int.hours: Duration |
millis |
Extension method for easier construction of Durations in terms of integer milliseconds: val Int.millis: Duration |
minutes |
Extension method for easier construction of Durations in terms of integer minutes: val Int.minutes: Duration |
seconds |
Extension method for easier construction of Durations in terms of integer seconds: val Int.seconds: Duration |


Masters in Computer Sciences
August 2016 - May 2018
CPGA: 3.41
Courses: Machine Learning, Big Data Analytics, Computer Vision, Database Systems
Bachelors in Computer Science
September 2012 - May 2016
CPGA: 3.43
Courses: Algorithms and Data Structures & Pattern Recognition, Software Engineering & Database Systems
Data Analyst Intern
February 2018 - May 2018
Spearheaded the development of the product UtmostU and sent out reports after analyzing data through testing with
suggestions for improving the app. Partnered with product development and engineering team by leveraging data to
impact product vision using the identified trends and predictions.
Teaching Assistant
September 2017 - January 2018
Assited in developing and teaching lab sessions for Advanced Python course.
Software Developer Intern
May 2015 - August 2015
Studied the design of the project by the host company for the Road Transport Authority of Tamil Nadu. Optimized the algorithm designed for the toll collection booths and central control for traffic.


This is a data entry form for Heroes of The Storm matches in order to better track KDA ratios among amateur players. Data is stored in a MongoDB.
Built from scratch, not using templates or reusing existing projects. Originally created using all JQuery-created
DOM elements. Later, I wanted to recreate it as a node.js app with pug and HTML equivalents, replacing the JQuery.
All logic-checking code will be added soon.
This is a teamtreehouse.com course project. I coded the back end, and used the listed Project Details
items/techniques. This is included in my portfolio for evidence of recent learning
concepts exposure.
This was an interesting project teaching the basics of storing user data in sessions/cookies,
and authenticating users by comparing them to a database. Hosting this on heroku was not taught in this course.
First website I created and shared. Did not take long and used only two languages. Created two months prior to this portfolio site.