"Light Makes Right"
April 6, 1988
Volume 1, Number 6
Compiled by
All contents are copyright (c) 1988, all rights reserved by the individual authors
Archive locations: anonymous FTP at
ftp://ftp-graphics.stanford.edu/pub/Graphics/RTNews/,
wuarchive.wustl.edu:/graphics/graphics/RTNews, and many others.
You may also want to check out the Ray Tracing News issue guide and the ray tracing FAQ.
back to contents
Please add my name to the Ray Tracing News mailing list. You can use the same address(es) you use for Jim Arvo or Olin Lathrop or the one I give you below. I really enjoy reading RTN -- very enlightening stuff!
Thanks,
Cary Scofield Apollo Computer Inc. 270 Billerica Rd. Chelmsford MA 01824
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>> Could you please write up a paragraph about yourself which I
> could include next issue as an introduction?
I don't know that there is much about myself worth talking about, but here goes ...
I've been working off-and-on with 3D graphics applications and systems for about 9 years ... started at Apollo 4 1/2 years ago ... been working on Apollo's 3dGMR and Raytracer packages ... presently in part-time pursuit of an MS in Systems Engineering at Boston Univ. ... my prevailing interests nowadays are in finding and developing a suitable software architecture for an image sythesis system that is network-distributable and user-extensible.
- Cary Scofield
_______
from: John Chapman
[John is presently doing grad. work in computer graphics]
Yes I'd like to be on the list - getting the back issues would be great, thanks! The most stable email address for me is: ...!ubc-cs!fornax!sfu_cmpt!chapman although this may change shortly nothing sent to it will be lost. Fastest response address for short notes is still ...fornax!bby-bc!john
________
from: Eric Haines
Michael Cohen has also been added to the list. He should be well known to anyone who has read anything about radiosity, and has also done work in ray tracing (his latest efforts with John Wallace resulting in an algorithm for combining radiosity and ray tracing [Siggraph '87, last article]). In 1983 we both entered the Program of Computer Graphics at Cornell, and after graduation he stayed on as a professor. Embarrassingly enough, I thought that he was on the RT News mailing list (most of the PCG staff are) - anyway, he's been added:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>back to contents
We subdivide our B-spline patches into a hierarchy of bounding volumes with triangles at the leaves. We preprocess the triangles by calculating a matrix to aid the intersection process. The problem is, the matrix must be inverted, and doesn't always cooperate (this usually fails for triangles nearly aligned with a coordinate plane). Is there a favorite way of storing a triangle (instead of our failing matrix) so that the intersection returns barycentric coordinates (r,s,t) all 0 to 1?
You don't need to bother the rest of the RT gang, if you have solution of which you are confident.
Thanks, RGB
back to contents
I have some experience with the 'recursive' ray traversal (as I called it) described by Jim Arvo. The first implementation dates from fall'83 (as mentioned in the previous RT news). I presented the idea during the workshop 'Data structures for raster graphics' (June 1985) and I compared it there with the 'sequential' traversal and did the suggestion that both methods can also be applied to a hierarchical box structure. See:
F.W. Jansen, 'Data structures for ray tracing', In: 'Data structures for raster graphics', Proceedings workshop, Kessener, L.R.A, Peters, F.J., Lierop, M.L.P. van, eds., 57-73, Eurographics Seminars, Springer Verlag, 1986.
In my thesis 'Solid modeling with faceted primitives', (Sept. 1987) it is discussed on the pages 63-66. I agree that these sources are rather obscure and not known to people (let say) outside the Netherlands. Here follows a summary of the pages of my thesis:
The (sequential) ray tracing algorithm for the (BSP) cell structure proceeds by local access. First the intersection of the ray with the total structure is calculated, then the cells are stepwise traversed by calculating the intersection of the ray with the cell planes and determining which cell is traversed next. The spatial index (directory) is used to access the data in the cell. (..). The index in the directory is found by an address computation on the coordinates of a query point (for all points within a cell, the address computation function gives the same index value) (This is the EXCELL directory method see Tamminen Siggraph'83). A similar method is described in [Fujimoto et al., 1986] for traversing an octree space subdivision: a neighbour finding technique on the basis of octree indexes. Both methods are better than the method described in [Glassner, 1984], which classifies each point by descending the complete octree. (..) Another method is feasible: a tree traversal method for the cell structure. This method uses a cell structure that is created by a binary subdivision. This recursive ray traversal method intersects the cell structure and recursively subdivides the ray and proceeds with the partitioning (collection of cells) first intersected. If the ray interval only intersects a single cell then the data in that cell is tested for intersection with the ray. (..) Both algorithms have been implemented but no clear differences in performance could be found: the average number of cells traversed for each ray is more than two or three, which would be beneficial for the sequential traversal, but it is not large enough to justify the initial cost of the recursive ray traversal. (..). (..) The total processing time for the ray tracing breaks down into the following components: cell traversal, intersection and shading. Their contributions are depicted in fig.(..), which shows that the intersection is still the major time-consuming activity. The constant time performance is confirmed by the results of fig. (..). Unfortunately, the constant time is constantly very high. (sigh)
So far my thesis and exactly what was predicted by Jim. In some test examples (for instance a simple set up with five elementary volumes (a few thousand polygons)) the average number of cells traversed was about 5.
The original idea was not to eliminate the number of internal nodes that are traversed (because I use the EXCELL indexing method) but to avoid the cell plane intersections. First I calculate the intersection of the ray with the six bounding planes of the world box. I put xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, zmin and zmax on a stack and I half each time the ray segment for x, y and z alternatively. Further, while subdividing the ray I also half the directory index range of the EXCELL directory (this requires another filling of the directory than in the original method) and when the range contains only one index then the leaf level has been reached and the ray intersection with the cell data can be done. (If this is unclear I can give a more elaborated explanation next time). It will be clear that I can not use with my method arbitrary partitioning planes.
An important point is the actual coding. My implementation was in Pascal and I can imagine much better programs than I can write.
back to contents
Yes, I did receive the latest RT news with my octree stuff in it. By the way, it occured to me that you mentioned something about walking up an octree to find the nearest common ancestor between a voxel and its neighbor. Olin and I have been discussing this, and I'm quite sure that it's equivalent to the algorithm I described (but it's NOT immediately obvious). The important fact is that neighboring voxels in an octree have a common ancestor which is two steps up (on average) regardless of the depth of the octree. This is what gets rid of the log N factor.
With respect to "A Characterization of Ten Ray Tracing Efficiency Algorithms", I'm hoping that my section of the course notes will take a good first step toward filling this need. There's obviously an infinite amount of work to be done here, especially considering that ray tracing is on very shaky theoretical grounds as it stands. Not that we have any doubts that it works! We just can't say anything very convincing about how good our optimizations are at this point. We clearly have to do some of the things you suggested in your last message, or possibly go back to square one and try to create a formal "ray tracing calculus" which we can actually prove things about. And, of course, I agree totally that we need to get a good handle on the strengths of the various techniques in order for something like annealing to have any chance at all.
By the way, while writing the course notes I realized that there is a nice connection between the light buffer, the "ray coherence theorem" [Ohta/Maekawa 87], and ray classification. If you start with a "direction cube" (like the hemicube of radiosity) and cross it with (i.e. form the cartesian product with) different "sets", you get the central abstractions which these algorithms are based upon. Like so:
light buffer ----- ray coherence theorem ----- ray classification
directions directions directions x x x points "objects" "space"
This is a very simple observation, but I think it makes the different uses of direction easier to visualize, and certainly easier to explain. All three use sorted object lists associated (directly or indirectly) with "cells" of a subdivided direction cube. I think these three algorithms form a nice well-rounded section on "directional techniques."
Well, back to the salt mine...
-- Jim
________more
I want to get your opinion concerning the correspondence between the light buffer, the "ray coherence" algorithm, and ray classification which I mentioned previously. In particular, I have the following chart which I'd like to include in my section of the course notes and, since the light buffer is your baby, I'd like you to tell me
1) If I've represented it fairly
2) If there are other criteria which you think might be helpful to add to the chart
Here is the chart (which is actually just a figure in the context of a more detailed discussion):
Light Buffer Ray Coherence Ray Classification ------------ ------------- ------------------
Directions Points Objects Space crossed with (representing (including (bounding the ------------ light sources) light sources) environment)
Applied to shadowing rays all rays all rays ----------
Type of polygonal unrestricted unrestricted environment (can be extended) -----------
When data structure preprocessing preprocessing lazily during is built ray tracing ---------
Direction uniform uniform adaptive subdivision via quadtree -----------
Construction modified "coherence "object class- of item list polygon ras- theorem" applied ification" using ------------ terization to all pairs of hierarchy of objects beams
Parameters number of number of max tree depth, ---------- direction direction max item list size, cells cells truncation size, etc.
Item list constant time constant time Traversal of 2D or Lookup 5D hierarchy and --------- caching.
Also, have you given any thought to adaptive subdivision or lazy evaluation? Are there other interesting extensions that you'd care to mention?
[I still haven't replied - soon! (tonight, if I can help it)]
back to contents
This document is an explanation of the ideas presented by Goldsmith and Salmon in their May '87 paper in IEEE CG&A. Some changes to their algorithm have been made for additional efficiency during ray tracing (though additional cost for the preprocess).
The problem is that you are given a list of objects and wish to create a near optimal hierarchy of bounding volumes to contain these objects. The basic idea is to create the tree as we go, adding each node at whatever location seems most optimal. To avoid searching through the whole tree, we work from the top down and figure out which child branch is most worth looking at.
The Algorithm -------------
As G&S note, the form of the tree created is order dependent. One good method of ensuring a better tree is to shuffle the order of the list. This can be done by:
given a list of objects OBJ[1..N], for I = 1 to N { R = random integer from 1 to N swap OBJ[I] and OBJ[R] }
Given the list of N objects, form bounding boxes for each and calculate the area. The area of the bounding box enclosing an object is proportional to:
Probability of hit == P = X*(Y+Z)+Y*Z
and this is all we need to calculate, since we're using these areas relative to one another.
The first object is considered as a root node of a tree structure, simply:
{OBJ[1]} Tree #1 - the initial tree
and the other nodes are added to this tree one by one in optimal places.
Node Placement --------------
Start with the second node and look at the root of the tree. The root will be either an object or a bounding volume (well, for the second node it will be an object, after that it'll be a bounding volume. We're presenting this algorithm in this fashion because this section will be used recursively throughout the root's children).
Root node is an object: In this case, the new object (call it OBJ[2]) will form a binary tree with the root node, as follows.
{BV[1]} Tree #2 - adding an object to tree #1 | (First Method) +----------+----------+ | | {OBJ[1]} {OBJ[2]}
A bounding volume was created which contains both objects, and the bounding volume became the root node.
Root node is a bounding volume: In this case, three different possible paths can be taken when adding a new object to the tree.
The first is simply to add a binary tree structure as above, with one child being the old root and the other child being the new object. For example, adding a new object (OBJ[3]) in this fashion to tree #2 above yields:
{BV[2]} Tree #3 - Adding object #3 to tree #2 | (First Method) +----------+----------+ | | {BV[1]} {OBJ[3]} | +----------+----------+ | | {OBJ[1]} {OBJ[2]}
Again a new bounding volume has been created and made the root node.
The second method for adding to a bounding volume root node is to simply add the new object as a new child (leaf) node:
{BV[1']} Tree #4 - adding an object to tree #1 | (Second Method) +----------+----------+---------------------+ | | | {OBJ[1]} {OBJ[2]} {OBJ[3]}
Note that the bounding volume root node may increase in size. This new bounding volume is noted as BV[1'] to note this possible change.
The third method is to not add the new object as a sibling or a child of the root, but rather to add it as a grandchild, great-grandchild or lower. In this case, some child is picked as the most efficient to accomodate the new object. This child then acts like the root node above and the new object is added in the same fashion, by choosing one of the three methods (or, if it is a leaf node, automatically selecting the first method). The next section deals with deciding which method is the most efficient.
Selection Process -----------------
The goal behind creating the tree is to minimize the average number of intersection tests which must be performed. By looking at the extra costs added by adding an object at various points we can select the least expensive option.
The costs are based on the area of the objects, which represents the probability of the objects being hit by a ray. The scheme is to test what the additional cost is for method one and for method two and record which is better. This cost is termed the "local best cost". For the root node this cost is also saved as the "best cost", and the method and item are also saved. Then method three is used, selecting the child thought to be most efficient for adding the new object. An "inheritance cost" is calculated for method three, which is passed on to the child. This cost is essentially the expense to the parents of adding the object to the tree. It occurs only when the parent bounding volume must increase in size to accomodate the new object. The term "inheritance cost" will mean the cost addition calculated at the level, which is the sum of the "parent inheritance cost", inherited from above, and the "local inheritance cost", the extra cost due to this level.
The child selected is then checked for its cost using methods one and two. If the local best cost plus the parent inheritance cost is better than the best cost of earlier parents, the best cost, method, and location are updated. We now check method three to look for an efficient child of this child. If the inheritance cost (which will be the sum of the local inheritance cost found at this level plus the parent inheritance cost from earlier) is greater than the best cost, method three does not have to be pursued further on down the tree. This halting is valid because no matter where the node would be added further down the tree, the cost will never be better than the best cost.
Otherwise, this whole procedure continues recursively on down the tree until method three can no longer be performed, i.e. the inheritance cost is higher than the best cost or the selected testing node is an object (leaf) node. At this point, whichever node has been chosen as the best node is modified by method one or two. Note that method three is not a true modification, but rather is just a recursive mechanism, pushing the testing by methods one and two down the tree. After performing the changes to the tree structure, the parent boxes are increased in volume (if need be) to accomodate the new object.
Efficiency Criteria -------------------
Well, we've been talking in a vacuum up to now about how to calculate the average number of ray intersections performed for a tree. We perform the same calculations as G&S to determine the average--see that article for a good explanation. We also take their advice and not worry about the probability of hitting the root node, and so multiply our probability equation by the proportional volume of the root node. The practical effect is that this avoids a number of pointless divisions, since we just want to calculate relative costs of adding the object to the structure and don't really want the actual average ray/tree intersection value.
The cost for method one: what happens here is that a bounding volume is created and its two children are the original test node and the new object. We will use trees #1 and #2 to derive the cost calculations. The initial probability cost of hitting OBJ[1] are simply:
old cost = 1
This is the because the topmost node is always tested.
The new probability cost is the cost of hitting the bounding volume and intersecting the two objects inside the bounding volume. Essentially:
new cost = 1 + 2 * P(BV[1])
This formula can be interpreted as follows. One ray intersection is done to intersect the bounding volume. If this volume is hit, two more ray intersection tests must be done to check the two objects contained within. From these two equations we can calculate the difference, which is:
cost difference = 2 * P(BV[1])
The cost for method two: what happens here is that the new object is added to the existing bounding volume. Using trees #2 and #4 for demonstration, the old cost is:
old cost = 1 + k * P(BV[1])
where k is the number of children (in our example, it's 2). The new cost is:
new cost = 1 + (k+1) * P(BV[1'])
with P(BV[1']) being the new area of the bounding volume. The difference is:
cost difference = ( P(BV[1']) - P(BV[1]) ) * k + P(BV[1'])
The inheritance cost for method three: the cost incurred will be the difference between intersecting children times the old parent's area and intersecting children times the new parent's volume. The old cost is:
old cost = 1 + k * P(BV[1])
The number of children is the same for the new cost (i.e. the new object will be added on down the line by method one or two, which always ends up with one root node), so the only thing that can change is the volume:
new cost = 1 + k * P(BV[1'])
The difference:
cost difference = ( P(BV[1']) - P(BV[1]) ) * k
With these criteria in hand, we can now actually try the method out.
Example -------
There are four tiles of a checkerboard to be ray traced, which, after shuffling, are as shown:
+---+---+ | 1 | 3 | +---+---+ | 4 | +---+ | 2 | +---+
We start with a tree consisting of tile #1, with area 1.
Adding tile #2, we automatically come up with a tree:
BV* (area 3) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 2 (area 1)
Note: BV* means the new BV being added, BV' means an old BV possibly increasing in size.
Looking at tile #3, we try out method one:
BV* (area 6) | +----------+----------+ | | BV (area 3) 3 (area 1) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 2 (area 1)
The cost difference is simply 2 times the new BV area, i.e. 12.
We also look at the cost of method 2:
BV' (area 6) | +-------------------+---------------------+ | | | 1 (area 1) 2 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The cost is (new area - old area) * 2 children + new area = (6-3)*2 + 6 = 12. Since this is the same as method one, either method one or method 2 can be selected, with the best cost being 12.
Method 3 is now applied, looking at each child and using methods one and two on them. The inheritance cost is (new area - old area) * 2 children = (6-3)*2 = 6. Each child is an object (leaf) node, so only method one can be used. Trying this on object 1:
BV' (area 6) | inheritance = 6 +----------+----------+ | | BV* (area 2) 2 (area 1) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The local cost is 2 * new area, i.e. 4. The cost including the inheritance is 4 + 6 = 10, which is lower than our earlier best cost of 12, so performing method one on object 1 is now the best solution.
Trying method 1 on object 2 we get:
BV' (area 6) | inheritance = 6 +----------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) BV* (area 6) | +----------+----------+ | | 2 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The increase in cost is 2 * new area, i.e. 12. This plus the inheritance of 6 is 18, which is certainly horrible (as we would expect). So, we end out with the best solution being replacing the node for object 1 with a BV which contains objects 1 and 3, shown earlier.
For object 4, we again test method one:
BV* (area 6) | +----------+----------+ | | BV (area 6) 4 (area 1) | +----------+----------+ | | BV (area 2) 2 (area 1) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The local cost is 2 * new area, i.e. 12. Trying out method two:
BV (area 6) | +---------------------+---------------------+ | | | BV (area 2) 2 (area 1) 4 (area 1) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The cost is (new area - old area) * 2 children + new area = (6-6)*2 + 6 = 6. This is the better of the two methods, so method two applied to the root is noted as the best cost of 6.
Method 3 is now applied, looking at each child and using methods one and two on them. The inheritance cost is (new area - old area) * 2 children = (6-6)*2 = 0. The first child is the BV containing objects 1 and 3, so we try method 1:
BV (area 6) | inheritance = 0 +----------+----------+ | | BV* (area 4) 2 (area 1) | +----------+----------+ | | BV (area 2) 4 (area 1) | +--------+----------+ | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1)
The cost is 2 * new area + inheritance = 8, which is not better than our previous best cost of 6. Method two yields:
BV (area 6) | inheritance = 0 +----------+----------+ | | BV' (area 4) 2 (area 1) | +---------------------+---------------------+ | | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1) 4 (area 1)
The cost is (new area - old area) * 2 children + new area = (4-2)*2 + 4 = 8, which, plus the inheritance cost of 0, is not better than our previous best cost of 6.
Now we try method one on the second node of the tree, i.e. object 2:
BV (area 6) | +--------------------+--------------------+ | | BV (area 2) BV* (area 2) | | +--------+----------+ +----------+----------+ | | | | 1 (area 1) 3 (area 1) 2 (area 1) 4 (area 1)
Again, the cost is 2 * new area + inheritance = 2 * 2 + 0 = 4. This beats our best cost of 6, so this is the optimal insertion for object 4 so far. Since this cost is also better than the best cost of 8 for the first child, this branch is the best child to pursue further on down (though we can't go further). This means that we do not have to try methods one for object 4 on the first child's children (objects 1 and 3). Confused? Well, that's life. Try examples of your own to see how the algorithm works.
Improvements ------------
G&S say they check which child node will be tested further by which has the smallest increase in area when the new object is added to it. In case of ties (which occur mostly when the area doesn't increase at all), they give a few possible sub-criteria for choosing. However, by the logic of bounding volumes, the real test that should be done is to pick the bounding volume which gives the best result when methods one and two are applied to it.
To prove this by example, imagine a bounding volume containing two other bounding volumes, one huge (say it has 50% of the area of its parent) and one tiny (say it's 1%). Let's say an object is inserted which would not increase the size of the 50% BV but would triple the size of the 1% BV to 3%. By Goldsmith's criterion we must pick the 50% BV to insert the object into. Now if we intersect the root node we will hit the 50% BV half the time, and so must then do the other object intersection half the time. If instead we had picked the 3% BV, this would be hit 3% of the time, meaning that we would have to do the object test only 3% of the time. In both cases we had to test each BV, but it was smarter of us to put the object in the smaller BV in order to avoid testing. This case will be caught by testing the increases for methods one and two for the BV's. Method one for the larger would yield 50%*2 and method two 50%*1, giving 50% as the best cost. For the tiny BV, method one yields 3%*2 = 6% and method two (3%-1%)*2 + 3% = 7%, giving 6% as the best cost, obviously much better. Even though we have increased the chance of having to open the smaller box, it's still cheaper to do this than to add the object to a box which is much more likely to be hit.
back to contents
From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Tait Cyrus) Newsgroups: comp.graphics Subject: images Organization: U. of New Mexico, Albuquerque
It seems that once a month someone asks where they can get ahold of some images to play with. Well, for those of you looking for images to "play" with, I have some images available that you can have. They are available via anonymous ftp on hc.dspo.gov (<IP_ADDRESS>). The images are in pub/images. There are two directories 'old' and 'new'. Both contain images as well as a README.  Because of disk space constraints, all of the images are compressed. All of the images, but one, are grey scale. The other is an image of a mandrill in color. Three files make up the madrill, one for green, red and blue.
Currently there are 20 images. As time goes on this number will be increasing (I hope), so if you are interested in images, you might want to check once a month or so to see if there are any new ones.
If you have any images which you would like to make available, please let me know. I would like to put them with the ones I currently have (kind of like a repository).
More:
Several people have asked me for some more details concerning the images I have made available on hc.dspo.gov (<IP_ADDRESS>). Again, the images are available via anonymous ftp and are in /pub/images. There are 2 directories, 'new' and 'old' which contain the 20 or so images. Both have README's which describe the images and the sizes of the images.
The images are compressed, the README's are NOT. If your system does not have uncompress (you might check with your system manager first to make sure) I have put the source for compress/uncompress in /pub of the same machine.
The images are all grey scale, except for mandrill. The grey scale images are such that each pixel is represented by one byte (value of 0 = black, 255 = white).
Hope this helps any of you who were confused or were having troubles.
>From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Todd Elvins)
Newsgroups: comp.graphics
Subject: New model of an espresso maker
Organization: University of Utah CS Dept
I have installed a file called 'espresso.polys' on the ftp directory at cs.utah.edu
It is a model of one of those aluminum italian made espresso makers.
T. Todd Elvins IFSR ({ucbvax,ihnp4,decvax}!utah-cs!todd<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow you might be in Utah."
back to contents


What Needs To Be Done?
Add Task
{{task.description}}
Delete
{{pendingCount}}
Clear Completed {{taskList.length - pendingCount}}


(
)
Show more
Show less
Title
answers
votes
views
Show more...
Show less...
Did you mean:
treff sortert etter relevans. (
ms)
Cannot display results due to an error. Sorry for the inconvenience.
Next>>
<<Previous
Resultater pr side:
5
10
25
30
50
Sort by:
Most relevant
Show newest first
Show oldest first
Active filters
No active filters.


-
Tweet activity dashboard
support.twitter.com
What is the Tweet activity dashboard? The Tweet activity dashboard is a tool you can use to learn more about your Tweets. For instance: See how ...
-
Photos just got more social | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Tag your friends in photos and add up to four pictures in a single Tweet.
-
Bienvenue sur Facebook. Connectez-vous, inscrivez-vous ou découvrez !
www.facebook.com
Facebook est un réseau social qui vous relie à des amis, des collègues de travail, des camarades de classe ou d’autres personnes qui ont quelque ...
-
Coming soon: a whole new you, in your Twitter profile | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Your Twitter profile shows the world who you are. Starting today, as we roll out a new and improved profile, it will be even easier to express ...

-
Testing a way for you to make purchases on Twitter | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
A new way to discover and buy products on Twitter.
-
Gearing up for all things #WorldCup | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Last week, our #WorldCup how-to-follow guide provided tips, including accounts and hashtags to follow, to help you join the global viewing party on ...
-
Twitter #DataGrants selections | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Learn more about the six institutions we’ve selected to receive Twitter #DataGrants.
-
Introducing Twitter Data Grants | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Today we’re introducing a pilot project we’re calling Twitter Data Grants, through which we’ll give a handful of research institutions access to our ...
-
Pebble Smartwatch
getpebble.com
Three NEW Pebble colors to feast your eyes on. Grab one watches before they’re gone! The same features you love in a bright new shell.
-
Estonia publishes its e-voting source code on GitHub
arstechnica.com
System architect says he welcomes "development and security of the e-elections."
-
Your shoppable fashion magazine | Ador.com
ador.com
Browse and shop head-to-toe looks, get updates on the latest brand arrivals and sales, see what your fave celebs are wearing and so much more
-
Troy Hunt: Everything you need to know about the Shellshock Bash bug
www.troyhunt.com
Observations, musings and conjecture about the world of software and technology
-
#PhotoshopRF
twitter.com
Connectez-vous à vos amis — et d'autres personnes fascinantes. Recevez des mises à jour instantanées sur les choses qui vous intéressent. Et regardez ...
-
A new profile experience on Twitter for iPhone | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
We’re updating Twitter for iPhone to make it easier to explore profiles.
-
Jamiehankins.co.uk DNS Lookup | Nameserver Lookup - Who.is - Who.is
who.is
Jamiehankins.co.uk DNS Lookup | Nameserver Lookup - Who.is information. Search for name server and DNS record information for domain names using our ...
-
Hello Pants build | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
The story behind a new open source build system written in Python.
-
A Woman Told Her Boss About A Devastating Cancer Diagnosis. He Responded ...
www.huffingtonpost.com
A Pennsylvania community is rallying around a woman who was fired from her job at an oral surgeon's office following her diagnosis with cancer. Carol ...
-
Soran Ismail: Min dotter fick hatbrev innan hon föddes
www.svd.se
Till min dotter: Jag fick ett brev. Brevet var adresserat till mig men riktat till oss båda. Ett hatbrev till mig och dig. Det kom på posten exakt ...
-
Flight: Twitter's Mobile Developer Conference
www.twitterflight.com
Flight is a gathering built by developers, for developers. You'll be right at home if you live, breathe and occasionally dream in Java, Objective-C, ...
-
Apple
www.apple.com
Apple designs and creates the iPhone, iPad, Mac notebooks and desktop computers, iOS 8, OS X, iPod and iTunes, and the new Apple Watch.
-
Twitter / Conditions d'utilisation de Twitter
twitter.com
Ces Conditions d'utilisation (« Conditions ») régissent vos accès et utilisation des services, en ce compris notamment, nos différents sites ...
-
WordPress 4.0 “Benny”
wordpress.org
Version 4.0 of WordPress, named “Benny” in honor of jazz clarinetist and bandleader Benny Goodman, is available for download or update in your ...
-
The #NFL on Twitter: It happens here | Twitter Blogs
blog.twitter.com
Join the real-time #NFL tailgate party on Twitter.

-
The mighty bad wolf
themightybadwolf.tumblr.com
blessedwithgloriousbutt: “ maycontainfeminists: “ “ One of the best examples of artistic integrity on a corporate scale. ” wow. ” No matter how many ...
-
This Is The Most Passive-Aggressive Office Note Battle We've Ever Seen
www.collegehumor.com
HR doesn't negotiate with Terrorists.


How have emerging development trends in Philadelphia impacted access to services and resources for the elderly population?
As a “city of neighborhoods”, much of Philadelphia’s culture has been established by long term residents. As the city has finally begun to see a population increase, attention has been focused on the influx of millennials and young families living in (or returning to) Philadelphia. However, less analysis has been completed to determine how these current trends have impacted (or will soon impact) the city’s elderly population.
Currently, Philadelphia ranks 12th in the nation among areas experiencing a boom in gentrification. Growth in Philadelphia has not been widespread and is limited mostly to only a few select neighborhoods, such as West, South and Lower North Philadelphia. Anecdotally, many have claimed that new development is displacing low-income and elderly residents, so this project seeks to examine what geographic patterns exists.
For the purpose of this analysis, individuals over 65 years of age will be classified as elderly. The project will highlight where concentrations of elderly people reside in the city (based off 2013 ACS estimates) and overlay locations of related resources, such as health centers and transportation.
The following data sources were used for this project:
This exercise is not affiliated with any of the data sources listed above.
Note: This project was completed as a part of the 2015 Open Source Mentorship Program - a collaborative summer program that gives women a crash course in open source and a chance to get hands-on project experience in civic tech.


--- layout: redesign ---
Are you running an eCommerce site? Or software dealing with shipments from Nordic countries? Then you may want to use Bring APIs.
Most of our APIs are open. Some require (or give extra features with) authentication. And do you want JSON, XML or SOAP?
If you're an EDI vendor, this is where you will find our implementation guides. (Sorry, only in Norwegian at the moment.)


8.1.5.c UI Common added to output element
|
| open |
../../Chapt08/8.1/8.1.5/8.1.5.c.xhtml |
|
|
| waitForModelReady |
|
|
|
| setTimeout |
2000 |
|
|
| assertNotVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:alert |
|
|
| assertNotVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:hint |
|
|
| assertNotVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:help |
|
|
| click |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:trigger[1] |
|
Alert |
| waitForVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:alert |
|
|
| verifyVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:alert |
|
|
| click |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:trigger[2] |
|
Hint |
| waitForVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:hint |
|
|
| verifyVisible |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:group/xforms:output/xforms:hint |
|
|
| click |
xpath=/html/body/xforms:trigger[3] |
|
Help |
| verifyTextPresent |
[XForms]*This is the help message*OK |
|
Checks to see if the message showed up |


Convolute spectrum with line shape.
out = convspec(spec,df,fwhm) out = convspec(spec,df,fwhm,deriv) out = convspec(spec,df,fwhm,deriv,alpha) out = convspec(spec,df,fwhm,deriv,alpha,phase)
Convolutes the (real or complex) spectral data array spec
with a line shape. df
specifies the abscissa step, i.e. the frequency or field increment from one point to the next in spec
. fwhm
is the FWHM of the line shape in the same units as df
.
The rest of the parameters is identical to those of lshape. deriv
indicates the derivative, 0 being the default.
alpha
determines the line shape function, alpha = 1
is a pure Gaussian (the default) and alpha = 0
is a pure Lorentzian.
phase
determines the phase of the Lorentzian component, 0 being pure absorption and pi/2 pure dispersion.
out
is the convoluted spectrum, exactly the same size as spec
. The applied line shape is normalized in a way that it does not change the integral of the spectrum.
If spec
is more than 1D, convspec
operates on all non-singleton dimensions. It is possible to define different parameters for each dimension. For 2D, e.g. df = 2
means that the abscissa step is 2 for both dimensions. df = [2 3]
means it is 2 for the first and 3 for the second dimension. The parameters fwhm
, deriv
and alpha
work the same way. If fwhm(i) = 0
, convolution along dimension i
is skipped.
To convolute a 1D spectrum with a Lorentzian first derivative use
spec = zeros(1,1024); spec([70 400 560]) = [3 6 7]; w = convspec(spec,1,30,1,0); plot(w);
In the 2D case, one can use different line widths for the 2 dimensions.
spec = zeros(128); spec(70,70) = 3; spec(100,50) = 1; w = convspec(spec,1,[20 10]); pcolor(w);
The line shape is the default, a Gaussian, in both dimensions.
To achieve convolution only along the second dimension, set fwhm
for the other dimension to zero.
w = convspec(spec,1,[0 10]); pcolor(w);
The convolution is performed in the inverse domain, by multiplying the inverse FFT of both the spectral array and the full line shape array followed by FFT. To avoid fold-around for peaks at the edges, each dimension is temporarily padded at both ends.
For arrays with more than two dimensions, the convolution can get very time-consuming.
gaussian, lorentzian, lshape, voigtian


12345 S. Street Circle Drive
Kansas City, MO, 64101
Hours of Operation
Open 7 days a Week!
M - F: 10am - 10pm
Sat - Sun: 10a - Midnight
Come on down to our fine restaurant and enjoy the best steaks and barbecue in the city!
We prepare our meals with finest ingredients and a secret, one-of-a-kind smoking process
that leaves our food juicy and decadent.
Family owned and operated since 2019, Big Al's Steakhouse is determined to be a mainstay
in Kansas City for years to come. Expect the highest quality service and friendly staff
with every visit. Inspired by Kansas City's own Jack Stack BBQ
and Smokehouse BBQ.
Questions or concerns? Drop by our contact page to leave us a message.


Anemia occurs when you have a decreased level of hemoglobin in your red blood cells (RBCs). Hemoglobin is the protein in your RBCs that is responsible for carrying oxygen to your tissues.
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia, and it occurs when your body doesn’t have enough of the mineral iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. When there isn’t enough iron in your blood stream, the rest of your body can’t get the amount of oxygen it needs.
While the condition may be common, many people don’t know they have iron deficiency anemia. It’s possible to experience the symptoms for years without ever knowing the cause.
In women of childbearing age, the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is a loss of iron in the blood due to heavy menstruation or pregnancy. A poor diet or certain intestinal diseases that affect how the body absorbs iron can also cause iron deficiency anemia.
To diagnose anemia, your doctor is likely to ask you about your medical and family history, perform a physical exam, and run the following tests:
1. **Complete blood count (CBC)**. A CBC is used to count the number of blood cells in a sample of your blood. For anemia, your doctor will be interested in the levels of the red blood cells contained in your blood (hematocrit) and the hemoglobin in your blood.
Normal adult hematocrit values vary among medical practices but are generally between 40% and 52% for men and 35% and 47% for women. Normal adult hemoglobin values are generally 14 to 18 grams per deciliter for men and 12 to 16 grams per deciliter for women.
2. **A test to determine the size and shape of your red blood cells**. Some of your red blood cells might also be examined for unusual size, shape and color.
Additional diagnostic tests
If you receive a diagnosis of anemia, your doctor might order additional tests to determine the cause. Occasionally, it can be necessary to study a sample of your bone marrow to diagnose anemia.
Treatment options
Iron supplements
Iron tablets can help restore iron levels in your body. If possible, you should take iron tablets on an empty stomach, which helps the body absorb them better. If they upset your stomach, you can take them with meals. You may need to take the supplements for several months. Iron supplements may cause constipation or black stools. Diet
Diets that include the following foods can help treat or prevent iron deficiency:
1. dark green, leafy vegetables
2. dried fruits
3. nuts
4. iron-fortified cereals
Additionally, vitamin C helps your body absorb iron. If you’re taking iron tablets, a doctor might suggest taking the tablets along with a source of vitamin C, such as a glass of orange juice or citrus fruit. Treating the underlying cause of bleeding
Iron supplements won’t help if excess bleeding causes the deficiency. A doctor may prescribe birth control pills to women who have heavy periods. This can reduce the amount of menstrual bleeding each month.
In the most severe cases, a blood transfusion can replace iron and blood loss quickly. ## Prevention
When caused by inadequate iron intake, iron deficiency anemia can be prevented by eating a diet high in iron-rich foods and vitamin C. Mothers should make sure to feed their babies breast milk or iron-fortified infant formula.
Foods high in iron include:
1. beans
2. pumpkin and squash seeds
3. leafy greens, such as spinach
4. raisins and other dried fruit
5. eggs
6. seafood, such as clams, sardines, shrimp, and oysters
7. iron-fortified dry and instant cereals
Foods high in vitamin C include:
1. fruits such as oranges, grapefruits, strawberries, kiwis, guavas, papayas, pineapples, melons, and mangoes
2. broccoli
3. red and green bell peppers
4. Brussels sprouts
5. cauliflower
6. tomatoes
7. leafy greens


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block head_title %}Money - Settings{% endblock %} {% block title %}Money - Settings{% endblock %} {% block content %}
The amount of money gained every x seconds when inactive (not talking in chat).
The amount of money gained every x seconds when active.
The interval in seconds between each gain (restart required).


Github Visualization
Home
Main Variable :
Commits
Total
Additions
Deletions
Tree Color :
Commits
Total
Additions
Deletions
Github Visualization :
PRIDE-Utilities
Time Line: Commits
Repository Tree Map
User Tree Map
Heat Map


Artist Biography
Gretchen Albrecht has exhibited in New Zealand and internationally for more than 35 years. Her paintings were exhibited in Valencia, Spain as part of the exhibition Ultramarte at the Casa Museo Benlliure, and throughout New Zealand in the group exhibition Diaspora: Pluralism and Singularity and her survey exhibitions Illuminations at Auckland Art Gallery and Returning at Dunedin Art gallery.
Since the 1970s, Albrecht's work has evolved from the poured acrylic 'stained canvases' for which she first gained widespread recognition, into a pair of signature 'shaped-canvas' formats: the hemisphere (half circle) & the oval. These are shapes that Albrecht associates with particular meanings & states of mind. In the shaped-canvas paintings she has been producing since the early 1980s, resonant combinations of colour and geometry create images with a clear poetic impulse, in which references to landscape, family and the cosmos act as emotional points of departure.
Since 2000 Albrecht's artistic horizons have broadened to encompass large-scale stainless steel sculpture and have witnessed the inception of a series of multi-paneled rectangular paintings featuring an inner rectangular 'threshold' motif. In 2009 Albrecht began working on a new series of rectangular paintings featuring oval-shaped vortices of colour combined with slender horizontal geometric figures. The first of these paintings were exhibited in her exhibitions: Between Paint and Nature at Nadene Milne Gallery, Arrowtown, and Rosea at Mark Hutchins Gallery, Wellington. In 2010 Albrecht showed 5 in her solo exhibition Roses in the Snow, at Sue Crockford Gallery, Auckland. In 2014 Albrecht had her first solo exhibition with Two Rooms, Auckland. The paintings exhibited utilised the three stretcher shapes of hemispheres, ovals and rectangles (see images on exhibitions page) and ranged in scale from the intimate hemispheres on copper, to ovals and very large scale rectangles on canvas. Albrecht continues to develop her ideas using the three painting-stretcher shapes of hemisphere, oval and rectangle.


Rename
fixture_file_upload
method tofile_fixture_upload
Declare an alias to preserve the backwards compatibility of
fixture_file_upload
Sean Doyle
::ActionDispatch::SystemTesting::TestHelpers::ScreenshotHelper
saves the screenshot path in test metadata on failure.Matija Čupić
config.dom_testing_default_html_version
controls the HTML parser used by ActionDispatch::Assertions#html_document.The Rails 7.1 default configuration opts into the HTML5 parser when it is supported, to better represent what the DOM would be in a browser user agent. Previously this test helper always used Nokogiri's HTML4 parser.
Mike Dalessio
The
with_routing
helper can now be called at the class level. When called at the class level, the routes will be setup before each test, and reset after every test. For example:class RoutingTest < ActionController::TestCase with_routing do |routes| routes.draw do resources :articles resources : end end def test_articles_route assert_routing("/articles", controller: "articles", action: "index") end def assert_routing("/authors", controller: "authors", action: "index") end end
Andrew Novoselac
The
::Mime::Type
now supports handling types with parameters and correctly handles quotes. When parsing the accept header, the parameters before the q-parameter are kept and if a matching mime-type exists it is used. To keep the current functionality, a fallback is created to look for the media-type without the parameters.This change allows for custom MIME-types that are more complex like
application/vnd.api+json; profile="https://jsonapi.org/profiles/ethanresnick/cursor-pagination/" ext="https://jsonapi.org/ext/atomic"
for the JSON API.Nicolas Erni
The url_for helpers now support a new option called
path_params
. This is very useful in situations where you only want to add a required param that is part of the route's URL but for other route not append an extraneous query param.Given the following router...
Rails.application.routes.draw do scope ":account_id" do get "dashboard" => "pages#dashboard", as: :dashboard get "search/:term" => "search#search", as: :search end delete "signout" => "sessions#destroy", as: :signout end
And given the following
ApplicationController
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base def { path_params: { account_id: "foo" } } end end
The standard url_for helper and friends will now behave as follows:
dashboard_path # => /foo/dashboard dashboard_path(account_id: "bar") # => /bar/dashboard signout_path # => /signout signout_path(account_id: "bar") # => /signout?account_id=bar signout_path(account_id: "bar", path_params: { account_id: "baz" }) # => /signout?account_id=bar search_path("quin") # => /foo/search/quin
Jason Meller, Jeremy Beker
Change
action_dispatch.show_exceptions
to one of:all
,:rescuable
, or:none
.:all
and:none
behave the same as the previoustrue
andfalse
respectively. The new:rescuable
option will only show exceptions that can be rescued (e.g.::ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
).:rescuable
is now the default for the test environment.Jon Dufresne
config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer
now accepts:message_pack
and:message_pack_allow_marshal
as serializers. These serializers require themsgpack
gem (>= 1.7.0).The Message Pack format can provide improved performance and smaller payload sizes. It also supports roundtripping some Ruby types that are not supported by JSON. For example:
encrypted[:foo] = [{ a: 1 }, { b: 2 }.with_indifferent_access, 1.to_d, Time.at(0, 123)] # BEFORE with config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :json .encrypted[:foo] # => [{"a"=>1}, {"b"=>2}, "1.0", "1969-12-31T18:00:00.000-06:00"] .encrypted[:foo].map(&:class) # => [Hash, Hash, String, String] # AFTER with config.action_dispatch.cookies_serializer = :message_pack .encrypted[:foo] # => [{:a=>1}, {"b"=>2}, 0.1e1, 1969-12-31 18:00:00.000123 -0600] .encrypted[:foo].map(&:class) # => [Hash, ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess, BigDecimal, Time]
.The
:message_pack
serializer can fall back to deserializing with::ActiveSupport::JSON
when necessary, and the:message_pack_allow_marshal
serializer can fall back to deserializing withMarshal
as well as::ActiveSupport::JSON
. Additionally, the:marshal
,:json
, and:json_allow_marshal
(AKA:hybrid
) serializers can now fall back to deserializing with::ActiveSupport::MessagePack
when necessary. These behaviors ensure old cookies can still be read so that migration is easier.Jonathan Hefner
Remove leading dot from domains on cookies set with
domain: :all
, to meet RFC6265 requirementsGareth Adams
Include source location in routes extended view.
$ bin/rails routes --expanded ... --[ Route 14 ]---------- Prefix | new_gist Verb | GET URI | /gist(.:format) Controller#Action | gists/gists#new Source Location | config/routes/gist.rb:3
Luan Vieira, John Hawthorn and Daniel Colson
Add
without
as an alias ofexcept
onActiveController::Parameters
.Hidde-Jan Jongsma
Expand search field on
rails/info/routes
to also search route name, http verb and controller#action.Jason Kotchoff
Remove deprecated
poltergeist
andwebkit
(capybara-webkit) driver registration for system testing.Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated ability to assign a single value to
config.action_dispatch.trusted_proxies
.Rafael Mendonça França
Deprecate
config.action_dispatch.return_only_request_media_type_on_content_type
.Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated behavior on
Request#content_type
.Rafael Mendonça França
Change
::ActionController::Instrumentation
to passfiltered_path
instead offullpath
in the event payload to filter sensitive query paramsget "/posts?password=test" request.fullpath # => "/posts?password=test" request.filtered_path # => "/posts?password=[FILTERED]"
Ritikesh G
Deprecate
AbstractController::Helpers::MissingHelperError
Hartley McGuire
Change
ActionDispatch::Testing::TestResponse#parsed_body
to parse HTML as a Nokogiri documentget "/posts" response.content_type # => "text/html; charset=utf-8" response.parsed_body.class # => Nokogiri::HTML5::Document response.parsed_body.to_html # => "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n..."
Sean Doyle
Deprecate
ActionDispatch::IllegalStateError
.Samuel Williams
Add HTTP::Request#route_uri_pattern that returns URI pattern of matched route.
Joel Hawksley, Kate Higa
Add
::ActionDispatch::AssumeSSL
middleware that can be turned on viaconfig.assume_ssl
. It makes the application believe that all requests are arriving over SSL. This is useful when proxying through a load balancer that terminates SSL, the forwarded request will appear as though its HTTP instead of HTTPS to the application. This makes redirects and cookie security target HTTP instead of HTTPS. This middleware makes the server assume that the proxy already terminated SSL, and that the request really is HTTPS.DHH
Only use HostAuthorization middleware if
config.hosts
is not emptyHartley McGuire
Allow raising an error when a callback's only/unless symbols aren't existing methods.
When
before_action :callback, only: :action_name
is declared on a controller that doesn't respond toaction_name
, raise an exception at request time. This is a safety measure to ensure that typos or forgetfulness don't prevent a crucial callback from being run when it should.For new applications, raising an error for undefined actions is turned on by default. If you do not want to opt-in to this behavior set
config.action_pack.raise_on_missing_callback_actions
tofalse
in your application configuration. See #43487 for more details.Jess Bees
Allow cookie options[:domain] to accept a proc to set the cookie domain on a more flexible per-request basis
RobL
When a host is not specified for an
::ActionController::Renderer
's env, the host and related options will now be derived from the routes'default_url_options
and ActionDispatch::Http::URL.secure_protocol.This means that for an application with a configuration like:
Rails.application. = { host: "rubyonrails.org" } Rails.application.config.force_ssl = true
rendering a URL like:
ApplicationController.renderer.render inline: "<%= blog_url %>"
will now return
"https://rubyonrails.org/blog"
instead of"http://example.org/blog"
.Jonathan Hefner
Add details of cookie name and size to
CookieOverflow
exception.Andy Waite
Don't double log the
controller
,action
, ornamespaced_controller
when usingActiveRecord::QueryLog
Previously if you set
config.active_record.query_log_tags
to an array that included:controller
,:namespaced_controller
, or:action
, that item would get logged twice. This bug has been fixed.Alex Ghiculescu
Add the following permissions policy directives:
hid
,idle-detection
,screen-wake-lock
,serial
,sync-xhr
,web-share
.Guillaume Cabanel
The
speaker
,vibrate
, andvr
permissions policy directives are now deprecated.There is no browser support for these directives, and no plan for browser support in the future. You can just remove these directives from your application.
Jonathan Hefner
Added the
:status
option toassert_redirected_to
to specify the precise HTTP status of the redirect. Defaults to:redirect
for backwards compatibility.Jon Dufresne
Rescue
JSON::ParserError
in Cookies JSON deserializer to discards marshal dumps:Without this change, if
action_dispatch.cookies_serializer
is set to:json
and the app tries to read a:marshal
serialized cookie, it would error out which wouldn't clear the cookie and force app users to manually clear it in their browser.(See #45127 for original bug discussion)
Nathan Bardoux
Add
HTTP_REFERER
when following redirects on integration testsThis makes
follow_redirect!
a closer simulation of what happens in a real browserFelipe Sateler
Added
exclude?
method to::ActionController::Parameters
.Ian Neubert
Rescue
EOFError
exception fromrack
on a multipart request.Nikita Vasilevsky
Log redirects from routes the same way as redirects from controllers.
Dennis Paagman
Prevent
::ActionDispatch::ServerTiming
from overwriting existing values inServer-Timing
. Previously, if another middleware down the chain setServer-Timing
header, it would overwritten by::ActionDispatch::ServerTiming
.Jakub Malinowski
Allow opting out of the
SameSite
cookie attribute when setting a cookie.You can opt out of
SameSite
by passingsame_site: nil
.cookies[:foo] = { value: "bar", same_site: nil }
Previously, this incorrectly set the
SameSite
attribute to the value of thecookies_same_site_protection
setting.Alex Ghiculescu
Allow using
helper_method
s incontent_security_policy
andpermissions_policy
Previously you could access basic helpers (defined in helper modules), but not helper methods defined using
helper_method
. Now you can use either.content_security_policy do |p| p.default_src "https://example.com" p.script_src "https://example.com" if helpers.script_csp? end
Alex Ghiculescu
Reimplement ActionController::Parameters#has_value? and
#value?
to avoid parameters and hashes comparison.Deprecated equality between parameters and hashes is going to be removed in Rails 7.2. The new implementation takes care of conversions.
Seva Stefkin
Allow only
String
andSymbol
keys in::ActionController::Parameters
. Raise::ActionController::InvalidParameterKey
when initializing Parameters with keys that aren't strings or symbols.Seva Stefkin
Add the ability to use custom logic for storing and retrieving CSRF tokens.
By default, the token will be stored in the session. Custom classes can be defined to specify arbitrary behavior, but the ability to store them in encrypted cookies is built in.
Andrew Kowpak
Make ActionController::Parameters#values cast nested hashes into parameters.
Gannon McGibbon
Introduce
html:
andscreenshot:
kwargs for system test screenshot helperUse these as an alternative to the already-available environment variables.
For example, this will display a screenshot in iTerm, save the HTML, and output its path.
take_screenshot(html: true, screenshot: "inline")
Alex Ghiculescu
Allow ActionController::Parameters#to_h to receive a block.
Bob Farrell
Allow relative redirects when
raise_on_open_redirects
is enabledTom Hughes
Allow Content Security Policy DSL to generate for API responses.
Tim Wade
Fix
authenticate_with_http_basic
to allow for missing password.Before Rails 7.0 it was possible to handle basic authentication with only a username.
authenticate_with_http_basic do |token, _| ApiClient.authenticate(token) end
This ability is restored.
Jean Boussier
Fix
content_security_policy
returning invalid directives.Directives such as
self
,unsafe-eval
and few others were not single quoted when the directive was the result of calling a lambda returning an array.content_security_policy do |policy| policy.frame_ancestors lambda { [:self, "https://example.com"] } end
With this fix the policy generated from above will now be valid.
Edouard Chin
Fix
skip_forgery_protection
to run without raising an error if forgery protection has not been enabled /verify_authenticity_token
is not a defined callback.This fix prevents the Rails 7.0 Welcome Page (
/
) from raising anArgumentError
ifdefault_protect_from_forgery
is false.Brad Trick
Make
redirect_to
return an empty response body.Application controllers that wish to add a response body after calling
redirect_to
can continue to do so.Jon Dufresne
Use non-capturing group for subdomain matching in
::ActionDispatch::HostAuthorization
Since we do nothing with the captured subdomain group, we can use a non-capturing group instead.
Sam Bostock
Fix
::ActionController::Live
to copy the IsolatedExecutionState in the ephemeral thread.Since its inception
::ActionController::Live
has been copying thread local variables to keep things such asCurrentAttributes
set from middlewares working in the controller action.With the introduction of
IsolatedExecutionState
in 7.0, some of that global state was lost in::ActionController::Live
controllers.Jean Boussier
Fix setting
trailing_slash: true
in route definition.get '/test' => "test#index", as: :test, trailing_slash: true test_path() # => "/test/"
Jean Boussier
Make
Session#merge!
stringify keys.Previously
Session#update
would, butmerge!
wouldn't.Drew Bragg
Add
:unsafe_hashes
mapping forcontent_security_policy
# Before policy.script_src :strict_dynamic, "'unsafe-hashes'", "'sha256-rRMdkshZyJlCmDX27XnL7g3zXaxv7ei6Sg+yt4R3svU='" # After policy.script_src :strict_dynamic, :unsafe_hashes, "'sha256-rRMdkshZyJlCmDX27XnL7g3zXaxv7ei6Sg+yt4R3svU='"
Igor Morozov
Please check [7-0-stable]) for previous changes.


Cytokines: shared receptors, distinct functions.
Abstract
That the signal transduction pathways used by the cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 are identical would suggest that these cytokines have redundant roles in lymphoid development; instead, IL-2 is the guardian of thymus-derived T-cell homeostasis, while interleukin-15 promotes extrathymic development of T and NK cells.


First Step to Securing your data
First Name
Last Name
Address information
Phone Number
Email
Title
Create Your Log In
Please Fill in the Information Below:
I Agree.
By checking the above box,you submit the information to Smart Data Bank
Sign Up
« Previous


perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
This document gives you some suggestions about how to go about writing Perl
modules, preparing them for distribution, and making them available via CPAN.
One of the things that makes Perl really powerful is the fact that
Perl hackers tend to want to share the solutions to problems they've faced,
so you and I don't have to battle with the same problem again.
The main way they do this is by abstracting the solution into a
Perl module. If you don't know what one of these is, the rest of this
document isn't going to be much use to you. You're also missing out on an
awful lot of useful code; consider having a look at perlmod, perlmodlib and
perlmodinstall before coming back here.
When you've found that there isn't a module available for what
you're trying to do, and you've had to write the code yourself, consider
packaging up the solution into a module and uploading it to CPAN so that
others can benefit.
You should also take a look at perlmodstyle for best practices in
making a module.
We're going to primarily concentrate on Perl-only modules here, rather than XS
modules. XS modules serve a rather different purpose, and you should consider
different things before distributing them - the popularity of the library you
are gluing, the portability to other operating systems, and so on. However,
the notes on preparing the Perl side of the module and packaging and
distributing it will apply equally well to an XS module as a pure-Perl one.
You should make a module out of any code that you think is going to be useful to
others. Anything that's likely to fill a hole in the communal library and
which someone else can slot directly into their program. Any part of your code
which you can isolate and extract and plug into something else is a likely
candidate.
Let's take an example. Suppose you're reading in data from a local
format into a hash-of-hashes in Perl, turning that into a tree, walking the
tree and then piping each node to an Acme Transmogrifier Server.
Now, quite a few people have the Acme Transmogrifier, and you've
had to write something to talk the protocol from scratch - you'd almost
certainly want to make that into a module. The level at which you pitch it
is up to you: you might want protocol-level modules analogous to Net::SMTP
which then talk to higher level modules analogous to Mail::Send. The choice
is yours, but you do want to get a module out for that server protocol.
Nobody else on the planet is going to talk your local data format,
so we can ignore that. But what about the thing in the middle? Building tree
structures from Perl variables and then traversing them is a nice, general
problem, and if nobody's already written a module that does that, you might
want to modularise that code too.
So hopefully you've now got a few ideas about what's good to
modularise. Let's now see how it's done.
Before we even start scraping out the code, there are a few things we'll want to
do in advance.
- Look around
- Dig into a bunch of modules to see how they're written. I'd suggest
starting with Text::Tabs, since it's in the standard library and is nice
and simple, and then looking at something a little more complex like
File::Copy. For object oriented code, WWW::Mechanize or the
"Email::*" modules provide some good
examples.
These should give you an overall feel for how modules are laid
out and written.
- Check it's new
- There are a lot of modules on CPAN, and it's easy to miss one that's
similar to what you're planning on contributing. Have a good plough
through <http://metacpan.org> and make sure you're not the one
reinventing the wheel!
- Discuss the need
- You might love it. You might feel that everyone else needs it. But there
might not actually be any real demand for it out there. If you're unsure
about the demand your module will have, consider asking the
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list
(send an email to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to
subscribe; see <http://lists.perl.org/list/module-authors.html> for
more information and a link to the archives).
- Choose a name
- Perl modules included on CPAN have a naming hierarchy you should try to
fit in with. See perlmodlib for more details on how this works, and browse
around CPAN and the modules list to get a feel of it. At the very least,
remember this: modules should be title capitalised, (This::Thing) fit in
with a category, and explain their purpose succinctly.
- Check again
- While you're doing that, make really sure you haven't missed a module
similar to the one you're about to write.
When you've got your name sorted out and you're sure that your
module is wanted and not currently available, it's time to start
coding.
- Start with module-starter or h2xs
- The module-starter utility is distributed as part of the
Module::Starter CPAN package. It creates a directory with stubs of all the
necessary files to start a new module, according to recent "best
practice" for module development, and is invoked from the command
line, thus:
module-starter --module=Foo::Bar \
--author="Your Name"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you do not wish to install the Module::Starter package from
CPAN, h2xs is an older tool, originally intended for the
development of XS modules, which comes packaged with the Perl
distribution.
A typical invocation of h2xs for a pure Perl module is:
h2xs -AX --skip-exporter --use-new-tests -n Foo::Bar
The "-A" omits the
Autoloader code, "-X" omits XS
elements, "--skip-exporter" omits the
Exporter code, "--use-new-tests" sets
up a modern testing environment, and
"-n" specifies the name of the
module.
- Use strict and warnings
- A module's code has to be warning and strict-clean, since you can't
guarantee the conditions that it'll be used under. Besides, you wouldn't
want to distribute code that wasn't warning or strict-clean anyway,
right?
- Use Carp
- The Carp module allows you to present your error messages from the
caller's perspective; this gives you a way to signal a problem with the
caller and not your module. For instance, if you say this:
warn "No hostname given";
the user will see something like this:
No hostname given at
/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/Net/Acme.pm line 123.
which looks like your module is doing something wrong.
Instead, you want to put the blame on the user, and say this:
No hostname given at bad_code, line 10.
You do this by using Carp and replacing your
"warn"s with
"carp"s. If you need to
"die", say
"croak" instead. However, keep
"warn" and
"die" in place for your sanity checks
- where it really is your module at fault.
- Use Exporter - wisely!
- Exporter gives you a standard way of exporting symbols and subroutines
from your module into the caller's namespace. For instance, saying
"use Net::Acme qw(&frob)" would
import the "frob" subroutine.
The package variable @EXPORT will
determine which symbols will get exported when the caller simply says
"use Net::Acme" - you will hardly ever
want to put anything in there. @EXPORT_OK, on
the other hand, specifies which symbols you're willing to export. If you
do want to export a bunch of symbols, use the
%EXPORT_TAGS and define a standard export set -
look at Exporter for more details.
- Use plain old documentation
- The work isn't over until the paperwork is done, and you're going to need
to put in some time writing some documentation for your module.
"module-starter" or
"h2xs" will provide a stub for you to
fill in; if you're not sure about the format, look at perlpod for an
introduction. Provide a good synopsis of how your module is used in code,
a description, and then notes on the syntax and function of the individual
subroutines or methods. Use Perl comments for developer notes and POD for
end-user notes.
- Write tests
- You're encouraged to create self-tests for your module to ensure it's
working as intended on the myriad platforms Perl supports; if you upload
your module to CPAN, a host of testers will build your module and send you
the results of the tests. Again,
"module-starter" and
"h2xs" provide a test framework which
you can extend - you should do something more than just checking your
module will compile. Test::Simple and Test::More are good places to start
when writing a test suite.
- Write the README
- If you're uploading to CPAN, the automated gremlins will extract the
README file and place that in your CPAN directory. It'll also appear in
the main by-module and by-category directories if you make
it onto the modules list. It's a good idea to put here what the module
actually does in detail.
- Write Changes
- Add any user-visible changes since the last release to your Changes
file.
- Get a CPAN user ID
- Every developer publishing modules on CPAN needs a CPAN ID. Visit
"<http://pause.perl.org/>", select
"Request PAUSE Account", and wait for your request to be
approved by the PAUSE administrators.
- "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make distcheck; make dist"
- Once again, "module-starter" or
"h2xs" has done all the work for you.
They produce the standard "Makefile.PL"
you see when you download and install modules, and this produces a
Makefile with a "dist" target.
Once you've ensured that your module passes its own tests -
always a good thing to make sure - you can "make
distcheck" to make sure everything looks OK, followed by
"make dist", and the Makefile will
hopefully produce you a nice tarball of your module, ready for
upload.
- Upload the tarball
- The email you got when you received your CPAN ID will tell you how to log
in to PAUSE, the Perl Authors Upload SErver. From the menus there, you can
upload your module to CPAN.
Alternatively you can use the cpan-upload script, part
of the CPAN::Uploader distribution on CPAN.
- Fix bugs!
- Once you start accumulating users, they'll send you bug reports. If you're
lucky, they'll even send you patches. Welcome to the joys of maintaining a
software project...
Simon Cozens<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Updated by Kirrily "Skud" Robert,
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>perlmod, perlmodlib, perlmodinstall, h2xs, strict, Carp, Exporter, perlpod,
Test::Simple, Test::More ExtUtils::MakeMaker, Module::Build, Module::Starter
<http://www.cpan.org/>, Ken Williams' tutorial on building your own
module at <http://mathforum.org/~ken/perl_modules.html>


A C D F G H M N P R S T V W misc
| diffobj-package | Diffs for R Objects |
| AlignThreshold | Controls How Lines Within a Diff Hunk Are Aligned |
| AlignThreshold-class | Controls How Lines Within a Diff Hunk Are Aligned |
| any-method | Determine if Diff Object Has Differences |
| as.character-method | Generate Character Representation of DiffSummary Object |
| auto_context | Configure Automatic Context Calculation |
| console_lines | Attempt to Compute Console Height in Text Lines |
| cont_f | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| Diff-class | Diff Result Object |
| diffChr | Diff Character Vectors Element By Element |
| diffChr-method | Diff Character Vectors Element By Element |
| diffCsv | Diff CSV Files |
| diffCsv-method | Diff CSV Files |
| diffDeparse | Diff Deparsed Objects |
| diffDeparse-method | Diff Deparsed Objects |
| diffFile | Diff Files |
| diffFile-method | Diff Files |
| diffObj | Diff Objects |
| diffobj_css | Return Location of Default HTML Support Files |
| diffobj_js | Return Location of Default HTML Support Files |
| diffobj_set_def_opts | Set All diffobj Options to Defaults |
| diffPrint | Diff 'print'ed Objects |
| diffPrint-method | Diff 'print'ed Objects |
| diffStr | Diff Object Structures |
| diffStr-method | Diff Object Structures |
| dimnames-method | Retrieve Dimnames for PaletteOfStyles Objects |
| div_f | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| div_f, | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| finalizeHtml | Finalizing Methods for HTML Output |
| finalizeHtml-method | Finalizing Methods for HTML Output |
| gdo | Shorthand Function for Accessing diffobj Options |
| guides | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesChr | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesChr, | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesChr-method | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesDeparse | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesDeparse-method | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesFile | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesFile-method | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesPrint | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesPrint, | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesPrint-method | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesStr | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesStr, | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| guidesStr-method | Generic Methods to Implement Flexible Guide Line Computations |
| has_Rdiff | Attempt to Detect Whether diff Utility is Available |
| head-method | Subsetting Methods for Diff Objects |
| make_blocking | Create a Blocking Version of a Function |
| nchar_html | Count Text Characters in HTML |
| Pager | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerBrowser | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerOff | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerOff, | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerOff-class | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystem | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystem, | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystem-class | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystemLess | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystemLess, | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| PagerSystemLess-class | Objects for Specifying Pager Settings |
| pager_is_less | Check Whether System Has less as Pager |
| PaletteOfStyles | Class for Tracking Default Styles by Style Type |
| PaletteOfStyles-class | Class for Tracking Default Styles by Style Type |
| par_frame | Get Parent Frame of S4 Call Stack |
| Rdiff_chr | Run Rdiff Directly on R Objects |
| Rdiff_obj | Run Rdiff Directly on R Objects |
| ses | Shortest Edit Script |
| ses_dat | Shortest Edit Script |
| show-method | Display DiffSummary Objects |
| show-method | Display a PaletteOfStyles |
| show-method | Show Method for Style Objects |
| span_f | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| span_f, | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| Style | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| Style-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256DarkRgb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256DarkRgb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256DarkYb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256DarkYb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256LightRgb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256LightRgb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256LightYb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi256LightYb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi8NeutralRgb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi8NeutralRgb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi8NeutralYb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleAnsi8NeutralYb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleFuns | Functions Used for Styling Diff Components |
| StyleFuns-class | Functions Used for Styling Diff Components |
| StyleHtml | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleHtml-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleHtmlLightRgb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleHtmlLightRgb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleHtmlLightYb | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleHtmlLightYb-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleRaw | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleRaw-class | Customize Appearance of Diff |
| StyleSummary | Styling Information for Summaries |
| StyleSummary-class | Styling Information for Summaries |
| StyleSummaryHtml | Styling Information for Summaries |
| StyleSummaryHtml-class | Styling Information for Summaries |
| StyleText | Character Tokens Used in Diffs |
| StyleText-class | Character Tokens Used in Diffs |
| summary-method | Summary Method for Diff Objects |
| summary-method | Display a Summarized Version of a PaletteOfStyles |
| tag_f | Make Functions That Wrap Text in HTML Tags |
| tail-method | Subsetting Methods for Diff Objects |
| trim | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimChr | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimChr, | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimChr-method | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimDeparse | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimDeparse, | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimDeparse-method | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimFile | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimFile-method | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimPrint | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimPrint, | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimPrint-method | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimStr | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimStr, | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| trimStr-method | Methods to Remove Unsemantic Text Prior to Diff |
| view_or_browse | Invoke IDE Viewer If Available, browseURL If Not |
| webfiles | Return Location of Default HTML Support Files |
| [-method | Extract/Replace a Style Class or Object from PaletteOfStyles |
| [-method | Subsetting Methods for Diff Objects |
| [<--method | Extract/Replace a Style Class or Object from PaletteOfStyles |
| [[-method | Extract/Replace a Style Class or Object from PaletteOfStyles |


Information
The task was to create an extension of the existing turf.js spatial analysis library with additional functionalities that make it possible to describe a spatial analysis model using a combination of more than one turf-algorithm, in one step. The application does this by having one button to run a specific model as though it was a core algorithm of the turf.js library. The application is based on openlayers 3 and implements the model functionality using a combination of the following functions: buffer, intersect, union, difference, combine of turf.js. The web application makes use of a dataset consisting of three layers: administrative layers of Germany, administrative areas of Baden-Wurttemberg and points with radiation.
License
Our licence is MIT License. This is a simple type whose conditions only requires the preservation of copyright and license notices. Licensed works, modifications, and larger works may be distributed under different terms and without source code.
More information about license: http://choosealicense.com/licenses/mit/


#include <point.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| point (double i, double j, double k, const color &col=NULL) | |
| Constructor. | |
Public Attributes | |
| color | c |
| The color of the the point. | |
| double | x |
| The x coordinate of the point. | |
| double | y |
| The y coordinate of the point. | |
| double | z |
| The z coordinate of the point. |
| glot::point::point | ( | double | i, | |
| double | j, | |||
| double | k, | |||
| const color & | col = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline] |
| double glot::point::x |
The x coordinate of the point.
| double glot::point::y |
The y coordinate of the point.
| double glot::point::z |
The z coordinate of the point.


"BARZILLAI "of iron. (1.) A Meholathite, the father of Adriel (2 Samuel 21:8). (2.) A Gileadite of Rogelim who was distinguished for his loyalty to David. He liberally provided for the king’s followers (2 Samuel 17:27). David on his death-bed, remembering his kindness, commended Barzillai’s children to the care of Solomon (1 Kings 2:7). (3.) A priest who married a daughter of the preceding (Ezra 2:61).
"BARZILLAI "of iron. (1.) A Meholathite, the father of Adriel (2 Samuel 21:8).
(2.) A Gileadite of Rogelim who was distinguished for his loyalty to David. He liberally provided for the king’s followers (2 Samuel 17:27).
David on his death-bed, remembering his kindness, commended Barzillai’s children to the care of Solomon (1 Kings 2:7).
(3.) A priest who married a daughter of the preceding (Ezra 2:61).


What the scripts are doing
prep_webrtc_<platform>.sh is called by prep_webrtc.sh. These scripts utilize the 'gclient' application which is a Chromium depot_tool item used to obtain the appropriate sources from the webrtc svn repo. These scripts actually pull specific versions so that we ensure we are able to build. Developers who follow these instructions carefully are welcomed to check out newer versions so long as they understand how the third_party_mods/ process works after checkout.
Once a revision is sync'd with gclient, we have the webrtc repo in third_party/webrtc/trunk/. At this point, we actually copy our modifications from third_party_mods/webrtc/ into (on top of) third_party/webrtc/. These mods are almost always required to support Mac/Darwin builds as the Linux builds tend to be fairly well behaved. Once these mods are put in place, libsrtp is config'd and built in preparation for the rest of the build process.
At this point, 'rebuild_webrtc.sh' is called. This script is responsible for running the python script trunk/build/gyp_chromium which processes our .gyp file and produces either .xcodeproj projects in src/examples/cmdline_audio_peer/ on Mac or a Makefile in third_party/webrtc/trunk/ on Linux. The script then runs a 'clean' if the script was called with the argument 'clean'. It then kicks off a build of cmdline_audio_peer in both Debug and Release modes. This will build all required webrtc libraries and produce the desired output binaries.
If the builds are successful, then the script .create_libwebrtc.sh. is called which will take the myriad of .a files in the Debug and Release directories and sum them up into a monolithic set of two files: libwebrtc_Release.a and libwebrtc_Debug.a. If you are a developer wishing to create a project with out intertwining it with the webrtc project itself, this is your key to freedom. Link against these libraries and you'll be much happier with your project due to the lack of complex dependencies.
Finally, at the end of the rebuild_webrtc.sh build,
the targets are
found in third_party/webrtc/trunk/out/[Debug|Release] on linux and on the Mac in third_party/webrtc/trunk/xcodebuild/[Debug|Release] .
Note an example of using the monolithic static libraries can be found in src/examples/cmdline_audio_peer/webrtc_projects.gyp as cmdline_audio_peer_monolithic. This target is available for building and useful as instruction.
Note that rebuild_webrtc.sh and create_libwebrtc.sh as well as rebuild_plugin.sh are intended to be run separately by developers once an initial build is successful.
This gives a quick way to have a repeatable build process.
This is why the scripts are not housed as a single file.
The final script which gets ran is 'rebuild_plugin.sh', and this will populate the third_party/FireBreath submodule as well as its boost submodule and proceed to build both the support items in FireBreath as well as our particular plugin. In the end you'll have a plugin in src/js_api/build/bin/WebrtcPlugin/npWebrtcPlugin.so in linux and for the Mac the output is found in src/js_api/build/projects/WebrtcPlugin/Debug/WebrtcPlugin.plugin.
General notes
Due to the nature of both webrtc libraries and also FireBreath, as a developer, you need to be cognizant that your Makefiles and .xcodeproj files are not yours to modify as they are "output files" and not source files.
With regards to webrtc:
rebuild_webrtc.sh runs a python script in the beginning of this file. This script takes the input .gyp file(s) from src/examples/cmdline_audio_peer/webrtc_projects.gyp and creates output files. In the case of linux, it creates third_party/webrtc/trunk/Makefile and for Mac it creates src/examples/cmdline_audio_peer/webrtc_projects.xcodeproj. It is perfectly legal to use XCode to load this project and do development in the IDE. However, be forewarned, if you make changes to your project settings, build settings, file inclusions, etc, these settings will be over-written the next time you run prep*.sh or rebuild_webrtc.sh. The same things applies to modifying the Makefile in linux but this tends to be less enticing to do than in an IDE.
So, if you wish to make project modifications, you need to do that in src/examples/cmdline_audio_peer/webrtc_projects.gyp for those items related to anything but the plugin project.
In the case of the plugin:
The plugin's Makefile and .xcodeproj file are created indirectly through cmake. The source file for this project is found in src/js_api/projects/WebrtcPlugin/[Mac|X11]/projectDef.cmake. The script third_party/FireBreath/prepmac_GoCast.sh is responsible for creating the .xcodeproj in src/js_api/build/FireBreath.xcodeproj. On linux, the script third_party/FireBreath/prepmake.sh is responsible for creating src/js_api/build/Makefile.
Again, it is perfectly legal to use the .xcodeproj file with XCode for interactive development.


This function returns an area minimum -- the minimum value in a grid spanning an X-Y region. The syntax is:
amin(expr, xdim1, xdim2, ydim1, ydim2)
where:
expr
any valid GrADS grid expression xdim1
starting X or LON dimension expression xdim2
ending X or LON dimension expression ydim1
starting Y or LAT dimension expression ydim2
ending Y or LAT dimension expression For global minimum, a shorthand may be used:
amin(expr, global)
or amin(expr, g)
amin(expr, lon=0, lon=360, lat=-90, lat=90)
min
functions.
aminlocx
and aminlocy
will return the grid location (X or Y) of the minimum value. If more than one grid box contains the minimum value, the location returned will be the first one encountered as the grid is scanned. The grid is scanned by rows from south to north, and each row is scanned from west to east.
amax
, amaxlocx
, and amaxlocy
.
ps
over a specified grid domain:d amin(ps,x=10,x=120,y=15,y=45)
sstanom
over the nino3.4 domain:d amin(sstanom,lon=-170,lon=-120,lat=-5,lat=5)
slp
over the global domain, and also get the grid location of that minimum. Check results.
ga-> d amin(slp,g) Result value = 94569 ga-> d aminlocx(slp,g) Result value = 523 ga-> d aminlocy(slp,g) Result value = 51 ga-> set x 523 LON set to 261 261 ga-> set y 51 LAT set to -65 -65 ga-> d slp Result value = 94569


'Siddaramaiah will make the state free of Congress'
by DHNSOpposition leader in the legislative assembly Siddaramaiah will himself ensure that Karnataka will be free of Congress, BJP State President Nalin Kumar Kateel said mocking at Siddaramaiah.
He told reporters in Chikkamagaluru that Siddaramaiah’s only ambition is to become the ultimate ruler of Congress party. In fact, he is a rebellion and speaks according to the situation. The issue regarding M T B Nagaraj’s claim of him handing over a loan of Rs two crore to Siddaramaiah, is a personal issue between them, he said.
Nalin said BJP has a responsibility to work towards ensuring the victory of MLAs who are contesting the by-elections after resigning from MLAs posts. Kateel to a query said the Chief Minister had expressed regrets on the statement made by minister J C Madhuswamy. But some people are still dragging the issue, for political gains, he added.


SendIT
Home
Parcel Deliver Service
About Us
Register
Logout
Search
LIST OF ALL PARCEL DELIVERY ORDERS
Order Number
Item Shipped
Status
Current Location
1
Book
Nakuru
In-transit
Edit
2
Watch
Voi
In-transit
Edit
3
Clothes
Kitui
Delivered
Edit


WITNESS LIST Public Information (Interim) Committee December 2, 1997-10:30A PIA - Judicial Records - Invited On: Davis, Denise (Texas Judicial Council), Austin PIA - Judicial Records - Public On: Borges, Walt (Texas Citizen Action), Austin Crawford, R.C. (Truth in Law Assn.), Austin SB 1069 (75R) - Invited Against: Stephenson, Thomas (himself & TDNA/TPA), San Antonio SB 1069 (75R) - Public For: Garza, Frank J. (City of San Antonio), San Antonio Philippus, Al (San Antonio Police Dept), San Antonio On: Hotham, Theodore (The Polk Company), Southfield, MI McLendon, Ruth Jones (herself, State Rep.), San Antonio Testimony-committee charges-Invited On: James, Reggie (Consumers Union), Austin Testimony-committee charges-Public For: Perkins, Carol (herself), Huntsville Rivard, Robert (FOIFT & S.A. Exp. News), San Antonio On: Calzoncit, Nick (himself), San Antonio Heath, Patrick (The City of Boerne), Boerne Peak, Howard (City of San Antonio), San Antonio Schloss, Hadassah (General Services Comm.), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Coaxum, Sandra (Attorney General's Ofc.), Austin