Buffer Overrun
Contents
Description
- A buffer overrun is caused when data is stored in a buffer, that is too small to contain the data being stored. This causes the data to overflow or overrun into adjacent memory.
- If the software being tested is written in C or C++,even only in part, this is definitely something that should carefully tested.
- In following figure, adjacent memory has been allocated as follows: a 2 byte integer with contents of 1(A), an 8-byte-long string buffer that is empty. application (B), a 2-byte integer buffer containing the number 3(C), and a 2-byte-long string buffer with the string “usr” and the string terminating zero byte (D).
- Now the program attempts to store the character string “extrabits” and the string terminating zero byte in buffer B. No bounds checking in advance means it ills buffer B and overflows to buffer C. The buffer contents now look like those in following figure.
- If an attacker is aware of this buffer overrun vulnerability and knows that buffer D contains an access level variable, the string being stored in buffer B can be crafted to overwrite the buffer D data with the string that grants administrator privileges. It now might look like following figure.
Types of buffer overruns
Stack buffer
There is a special stack that holds information about the active subroutines of a program.
One of the main functions of the stack is to keep track of where to return control when the current subroutine finishes executing. This is often done by putting the return address into the call stack.
Depending on the environment, programming language, and other variables, the stack can also be responsible for:
- Local data storage
- Parameter passing
- Pointer to the current instance
- Evaluation stack
- Context of the enclosing subroutine
- Other return state information
- Stack buffer overruns depend on the fact that most C compilers store both return addresses and local variables on the same stack.
- When this Is the case, an unbounded local variable can be used to overwrite the stack and create problems like substituting an address to an attacker's code or a command window in place of the subroutine's legitimate return address.
Heap Buffer Overruns
- Heap is an area of memory, where dynamic memory allocation and deallocation is made at runtime by the C malloc() and calloc() functions, and the C++ new operator.
- When the heap is corrupted by a heap-based buffer overrun, the results can be unpredictable, as some of the linked list structure is typically overwritten in the process of the overrun. A sample view of the heap is shown in following figure.
- The number of vulnerabilities involving heap buffer overruns is expected to grow, as more and more steps are taken to protect the stack. and attackers turn to heap overruns instead.
- There is still a belief that not much can be done with heap buffer overruns because of the inherently dynamic nature of its storage structure, and this leads to heap buffer overruns not being subjected to scrutiny as they should be.
Anatomy of an Exploit
- Most exploits of buffer overruns start with first knowing that buffer overrun vulnerability exists.
- Once the vulnerability is known, the attacker needs to carefully craft, String to exploit the buffer overrun.
- Once the attacker finds out how long a string is required to achieve the desired effect, they have an exploit of the vulnerability. Now, they can combine this exploit with other codes to create malicious software to distribute or install.
Real-World Examples
- Buffer Overrun
- Example of a buffer overrun happened on November 3, 1988, now often known as “Black Thursday.” A 99-line bootstrap program plus a large object file, both in C, infected Sun Microsystems' Sun 3 systems and VAX Tm computers running variants of 4 BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) Unix.
- One of the exploits used was a buffer overrun of the fingered program's input buffer. Fingered (a background process or daemon) was using the C gets call that takes input to a buffer without any bounds check.
- In this case, a string of 536 bytes was passed to fingered, which overflowed as input buffer and overwrote parts of the stack.
- This string was specifically designed so the return stack frame for main was then a pointer into the buffer on the stack
- There were instructions written into the passed string at that location, which were then executed when main attempted to return.
- On VAXen. this meant the worm was connected to a remote shell via the transmission control protocol (TCP) connection, and the worm proceeded to infect the system.
- On Sun, this resulted in a core file error because the code was in place to corrupt a Sun version of fingered.
Stack Buffer Overrun/Stack Smashing
- The first variant of Win32/Blaster (also called the Win3/Msblast worm) appeared on August 11, 2003.
- Microsoft released a security bulletin about the vulnerability exploited by this worm on July 16,2003.
- This worm is notable because it was the first occurrence of a Windows command shell attack by a worm and because of the sheer volume of vulnerable machines despite the preexisting security bulletin.
- It also attempted to cause a huge DDoS (distributed denial-of service) attack on the Windows update servers to prevent users from downloading the security patch.
- This worm attacked vulnerable systems running Windows NT, Windows XP. Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003.
- Although the vulnerability existed in all these versions of Windows, the worm could only infect the systems running Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
- This worm scanned IP addresses and tried to connect to port 135 with a TCP connection, then used a security vulnerability in the Windows Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) Remote Procedure Call's (RPCs) CoGetlnstanceFromFile function.
- This function has as unbounded input string called szName, which was designed to hold a 32-byte NetBIOS machine name.
- The worm would then pass in an overly long crated file name, cause a stack overflow, and then bind a cmd.exe command shell to port 4444/tcp.
- Newly created shell is given a command to cause it to download the worm file from the attacking host over port 69/udp using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (tftp), which is supported by a default tftp client on most Windows systems.
- Once the worm file (msblast.exe) is downloaded, the worm requests the remote system to execute the downloaded file. When the worm calls ExitProcess(), Windows XP systems will reboot and in Windows 2000 system there are a variety of side effects.
- The worm added a key to the registry(HKLM \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Run \ windows auto update) to ensure that the worm is activated whenever Windows is started.
- Now the worm waits for an active network connection to start searching for more systems to attack.
- The worm also conducts a DDoS SYN-flooding attack against the Web site windowsupdate.com, which is an alias of the main Microsoft Windows update site, on a predetermined schedule.
Heap Buffer Overrun/Heap Smashing
- The Apache/mod_ssl (also called Smasher) worm appeared in September 2002 and affected Linux systems running Apache with the OpenSSL module (mod_s-s1) on Intel Architectures.

- When this worm would find a system running Apache, it would check to see if the server had the cipher the worm was interested again. If that checked out as well, the worm would begin the first of the two buffer overruns to carry out its attack.
- The worm would hand the server a key argument longer than the 8-byte maximum size allowed. When the incoming data was parsed on receipt, the information was not bounds checked and was copied into an 8-byte fixed length buffer in a heap allocated SSL_SESSION.
- Because the structure of the heap-allocated SSL_SESSION is known, the buffer was carefully overflowed with miscellaneous data until it reached the session_id length field in the SSL_SESSION buffer, and then overwrote the data in that field with a value of 0x70 (112).
- Then the worm terminated the connection with a “client finished' message in order to have the server respond with its standard “server finished” message, which contains the session_id data. But, because the worm overrode the session_id_length with a much larger value, the server tells the worm the entire 112 bytes of the SSL_SESSION structure, starting at the session_id.
- Now that the worm has this information, it reuses the same attack vector again but this time it sets up shell code to run when the “client finished” message is received by the server.
Test Techniques
- Testing for buffer overruns means testing every variable to see if it is hounded or not. The basic stages of buffer oven -un testing are the same for both black-box and white-box testing.
- Find and Document All Entry Points into the Product You Are Testing:
- Be sure that all entries are examined, not just the UI (user interface) or application programming interfaces (APIs). It is common for software that was once written as a standalone program to have been include a public API, Web methods, or other ways of exposing the program's functionality to other uses.
- As the entry points are documented, make special note of any UW that may later be used to calculate a buffer allocation size.
- Create an Attack That Targets Each Variable at Each Entry Point:
- If a passed variable is used to calculate the size of a buffer, some common values that should be attempted are as follows:
- 0
- 1
- Maximum size of datatype 1
- Maximum size of datatype
- Minimum size of datatype
- Minimum size of datatype + 1
- For the strings, if the datatype is unknown, start with a string of 16,000 characters. If the input is supposed to conform to a particular format, each segment of the string should be tried with the test string separately and then in combination. For example, if you were submitting an e-mail address, you might try:
- <test<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- <test<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Me.<test<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Me.me@<test string>.com
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>string>
- Pass the Attack Data to Each Entry Point:
- Manual testing is usually possible but often time consuming and rather monotonous. This type of testing is a great place for test case automation.
- Look for Any Crashes or Unexpected Behavior:
- Carefully examine any error messages for clues that will indicate what k–happening behind the scenes. Creating separate tests for each variable at each entry point will be helpful in tracking down the particular variable that is unbounded or improperly bounded.
- Black Box
- Use a trial-and-error approach to discover the data details like format and length. If there is a specification, then that can be used to determine the expected data details, but the actual boundaries must be tested for.
- Just because the specification says something does not mean it exists that way.
- White Box
- In white-box testing, all variables need to be traced back to where they enter the system, and followed through the system from there. Any time the variable is manipulated or has memory allocated for it, the code must be carefully examined for any problems.
- Run the test under a debugger. This makes it easy to examine items such as what is on the heap or stack, or what is in the registers.
- If a portion of the test string appears on the stack, you may have found a stack overrun.
- If a portion of the appears on the heap, you may have a heap overrun.
- If a portion of the test string appears in the process register, you may have a buffer overrun and it is exploitable.
External Links
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FALLOCATE(1) User Commands FALLOCATE(1) NAME fallocate - preallocate space to a file SYNOPSIS fallocate [-n] [-o offset] -l length filename DESCRIPTION fallocate is used to preallocate blocks to a file. For filesystems which support the fallocate system call, this is done quickly by allocating blocks and marking them as uninitialized, requiring no IO to the data blocks. This is much faster than creating a file by filling it with zeros. As of the Linux Kernel v2.6.31, the fallocate system call is supported by the btrfs, ext4, ocfs2, and xfs filesystems. The exit code returned by fallocate is 0 on success and 1 on failure. OPTIONS The length and offset arguments may be followed by binary (2^N) suffixes KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB and EiB (the "iB" is optional, e.g. "K" has the same meaning as "KiB") or decimal (10^N) suffixes KB, MB, GB, PB and EB. -h, --help Print help and exit. -n, --keep-size Do not modify the apparent length of the file. This may effec‐ tively allocate blocks past EOF, which can be removed with a trun‐ cate. -o, --offset offset Specifies the beginning offset of the allocation, in bytes. -l, --length length Specifies the length of the allocation, in bytes. AUTHORS Eric Sandeen<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Karel Zak<EMAIL_ADDRESS>SEE ALSO fallocate(2), posix_fallocate(3), truncate(1) AVAILABILITY The fallocate command is part of the util-linux package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/. util-linux July 2009 FALLOCATE(1)


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Alfonso Vazquez
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Augsburg College
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Guidance
Who and what Ofqual regulates, how to apply to be regulated and what happens when you want to stop being regulated.
Ofqual regulates certain qualifications, end-point assessments and the organisations which offer them. We don’t regulate training courses. The difference between a training course and a qualification is that a qualification:
Qualifications, apart from GCSEs, AS or A levels, do not have to be regulated by Ofqual. However, if you want your qualification to be studied in publicly funded schools and colleges, you will need to be regulated by us.
Being regulated means being recognised by Ofqual to offer certain types of qualifications . If you want us to regulate your qualifications, you have to apply to become a recognised awarding organisation - an Ofqual-approved provider - of those qualifications. We have a thorough process we use to decide whether you should become a recognised awarding organisation. This is to make sure that the standards of qualifications are maintained.
We won’t regulate any qualifications that we don’t recognise you for and these won’t appear on our register of regulated qualifications .
A regulated qualification is always a regulated qualification. This includes when it’s taken by students in a different country or when it’s privately funded.

Do not use this form if you are already recognised by Ofqual - you need to
apply to offer more qualifications
instead.
Please note that if you started an application before 4pm on 8 March 2017, it will be in our old system. You have until 23:59 on 10 March 2017 to submit it or you will need to start a new application using the link above.

It may take up to 60 working days for us to decide the outcome of your application.
For more information see ‘ Application for recognition: supporting information ’.
If you want to offer more regulated qualifications, then you’ll need to be recognised to offer them. Complete an enquiry form and we will contact you. You should explain in the enquiry form how the new qualifications you wish to offer are similar or different to your current qualifications. We’ll then reply to you to confirm whether you will need to complete a partial or full application.
If you want to stop offering some or all of your regulated qualifications, you’ll need to ‘surrender’ your recognition for them.

To start the process to partially or completely surrender your recognition, email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to tell us which qualifications you wish to surrender. We will contact you to discuss the next steps including the final dates your qualifications will be available to learners.
Once you have surrendered recognition for a qualification, we’ll remove it from our register of regulated qualifications, and you must stop using the Ofqual logo for it.
Surrender is a voluntary, formal process set out in section 147 of the Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 .
An end-point assessment is a test of knowledge gained during an apprenticeship. It:
We will regulate end-point assessments as qualifications. For more information on end-point assessments, read ‘ Regulation of new apprenticeship end-point assessments ’
Published: 21 September 2012
Updated: 8 March 2017
From: Ofqual
Part of: Vocational qualifications Curriculum and qualifications


| Accumulator |
The Accumulator class is a data type for computing the running
mean, sample standard deviation, and sample variance of a stream of real
numbers.
|
| AcyclicLP |
The AcyclicLP class represents a data type for solving the
single-source longest paths problem in edge-weighted directed
acyclic graphs (DAGs).
|
| AcyclicSP |
The AcyclicSP class represents a data type for solving the
single-source shortest paths problem in edge-weighted directed acyclic
graphs (DAGs).
|
| AdjMatrixEdgeWeightedDigraph |
The AdjMatrixEdgeWeightedDigraph class represents a edge-weighted
digraph of vertices named 0 through V - 1, where each
directed edge is of type DirectedEdge and has a real-valued weight.
|
| Alphabet |
|
| Arbitrage |
The Arbitrage class provides a client that finds an arbitrage
opportunity in a currency exchange table by constructing a
complete-digraph representation of the exchange table and then finding
a negative cycle in the digraph.
|
| AssignmentProblem |
The AssignmentProblem class represents a data type for computing
an optimal solution to an n-by-n assignment problem.
|
| Average |
The Average class provides a client for reading in a sequence
of real numbers and printing out their average.
|
| AVLTreeST<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The AVLTreeST class represents an ordered symbol table of
generic key-value pairs.
|
| Bag<Item> |
The Bag class represents a bag (or multiset) of
generic items.
|
| BellmanFordSP |
The BellmanFordSP class represents a data type for solving the
single-source shortest paths problem in edge-weighted digraphs with
no negative cycles.
|
| BinaryDump |
The BinaryDump class provides a client for displaying the contents
of a binary file in binary.
|
| BinaryIn |
Binary input.
|
| BinaryInsertion |
The BinaryInsertion class provides a static method for sorting an
array using an optimized binary insertion sort with half exchanges.
|
| BinaryOut |
Binary output.
|
| BinarySearch |
The BinarySearch class provides a static method for binary
searching for an integer in a sorted array of integers.
|
| BinarySearchST<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The BST class represents an ordered symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| BinaryStdIn |
Binary standard input.
|
| BinaryStdOut |
Binary standard output.
|
| BinomialMinPQ<Key> |
The BinomialMinPQ class represents a priority queue of generic keys.
|
| Bipartite |
The Bipartite class represents a data type for
determining whether an undirected graph is bipartite or whether
it has an odd-length cycle.
|
| BipartiteMatching |
The BipartiteMatching class represents a data type for computing a
maximum (cardinality) matching and a
minimum (cardinality) vertex cover in a bipartite graph.
|
| BipartiteX |
The BipartiteX class represents a data type for
determining whether an undirected graph is bipartite or whether
it has an odd-length cycle.
|
| BlackFilter |
The BlackFilter class provides a client for reading in a blacklist
of words from a file; then, reading in a sequence of words from standard input,
printing out each word that does not appear in the file.
|
| BoruvkaMST |
The BoruvkaMST class represents a data type for computing a
minimum spanning tree in an edge-weighted graph.
|
| BoyerMoore |
The BoyerMoore class finds the first occurrence of a pattern string
in a text string.
|
| BreadthFirstDirectedPaths |
The BreadthDirectedFirstPaths class represents a data type for finding
shortest paths (number of edges) from a source vertex s
(or set of source vertices) to every other vertex in the digraph.
|
| BreadthFirstPaths |
The BreadthFirstPaths class represents a data type for finding
shortest paths (number of edges) from a source vertex s
(or a set of source vertices)
to every other vertex in an undirected graph.
|
| BST<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The BST class represents an ordered symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| BTree<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The BTree class represents an ordered symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| Cat |
The Cat class provides a client for concatenating the results
of several text files.
|
| CC |
The CC class represents a data type for
determining the connected components in an undirected graph.
|
| ClosestPair |
The ClosestPair data type computes a closest pair of points
in a set of n points in the plane and provides accessor methods
for getting the closest pair of points and the distance between them.
|
| CollisionSystem |
The CollisionSystem class represents a collection of particles
moving in the unit box, according to the laws of elastic collision.
|
| Complex |
The Complex class represents a complex number.
|
| Count |
The Count class provides an Alphabet client for reading
in a piece of text and computing the frequency of occurrence of each
character over a given alphabet.
|
| Counter |
The Counter class is a mutable data type to encapsulate a counter.
|
| CPM |
The CPM class provides a client that solves the
parallel precedence-constrained job scheduling problem
via the critical path method.
|
| Cycle |
The Cycle class represents a data type for
determining whether an undirected graph has a cycle.
|
| Date |
The Date class is an immutable data type to encapsulate a
date (day, month, and year).
|
| DeDup |
The DeDup class provides a client for reading in a sequence of
words from standard input and printing each word, removing any duplicates.
|
| DegreesOfSeparation |
The DegreesOfSeparation class provides a client for finding
the degree of separation between one distinguished individual and
every other individual in a social network.
|
| DepthFirstDirectedPaths |
The DepthFirstDirectedPaths class represents a data type for finding
directed paths from a source vertex s to every
other vertex in the digraph.
|
| DepthFirstOrder |
The DepthFirstOrder class represents a data type for
determining depth-first search ordering of the vertices in a digraph
or edge-weighted digraph, including preorder, postorder, and reverse postorder.
|
| DepthFirstPaths |
The DepthFirstPaths class represents a data type for finding
paths from a source vertex s to every other vertex
in an undirected graph.
|
| DepthFirstSearch |
The DepthFirstSearch class represents a data type for
determining the vertices connected to a given source vertex s
in an undirected graph.
|
| Digraph |
The Digraph class represents a directed graph of vertices
named 0 through V - 1.
|
| DigraphGenerator |
The DigraphGenerator class provides static methods for creating
various digraphs, including Erdos-Renyi random digraphs, random DAGs,
random rooted trees, random rooted DAGs, random tournaments, path digraphs,
cycle digraphs, and the complete digraph.
|
| DijkstraAllPairsSP |
The DijkstraAllPairsSP class represents a data type for solving the
all-pairs shortest paths problem in edge-weighted digraphs
where the edge weights are nonnegative.
|
| DijkstraSP |
The DijkstraSP class represents a data type for solving the
single-source shortest paths problem in edge-weighted digraphs
where the edge weights are nonnegative.
|
| DijkstraUndirectedSP |
The DijkstraUndirectedSP class represents a data type for solving
the single-source shortest paths problem in edge-weighted graphs
where the edge weights are nonnegative.
|
| DirectedCycle |
The DirectedCycle class represents a data type for
determining whether a digraph has a directed cycle.
|
| DirectedCycleX |
The DirectedCycleX class represents a data type for
determining whether a digraph has a directed cycle.
|
| DirectedDFS |
The DirectedDFS class represents a data type for
determining the vertices reachable from a given source vertex s
(or set of source vertices) in a digraph.
|
| DirectedEdge |
|
| DirectedEulerianCycle |
The DirectedEulerianCycle class represents a data type
for finding an Eulerian cycle or path in a digraph.
|
| DirectedEulerianPath |
The DirectedEulerianPath class represents a data type
for finding an Eulerian path in a digraph.
|
| DoublingRatio |
The DoublingRatio class provides a client for measuring
the running time of a method using a doubling ratio test.
|
| DoublingTest |
The DoublingTest class provides a client for measuring
the running time of a method using a doubling test.
|
| Draw |
Draw.
|
| Edge |
|
| EdgeWeightedDigraph |
The EdgeWeightedDigraph class represents a edge-weighted
digraph of vertices named 0 through V - 1, where each
directed edge is of type DirectedEdge and has a real-valued weight.
|
| EdgeWeightedDirectedCycle |
The EdgeWeightedDirectedCycle class represents a data type for
determining whether an edge-weighted digraph has a directed cycle.
|
| EdgeWeightedGraph |
The EdgeWeightedGraph class represents an edge-weighted
graph of vertices named 0 through V – 1, where each
undirected edge is of type Edge and has a real-valued weight.
|
| EulerianCycle |
The EulerianCycle class represents a data type
for finding an Eulerian cycle or path in a graph.
|
| EulerianPath |
The EulerianPath class represents a data type
for finding an Eulerian path in a graph.
|
| FarthestPair |
The FarthestPair data type computes the farthest pair of points
in a set of n points in the plane and provides accessor methods
for getting the farthest pair of points and the distance between them.
|
| FenwickTree |
Created by<EMAIL_ADDRESS>on 4/01/15.
|
| FFT |
The FFT class provides methods for computing the
FFT (Fast-Fourier Transform), inverse FFT, linear convolution,
and circular convolution of a complex array.
|
| FibonacciMinPQ<Key> |
|
| FileIndex |
The FileIndex class provides a client for indexing a set of files,
specified as command-line arguments.
|
| FlowEdge |
The FlowEdge class represents a capacitated edge with a
flow in a FlowNetwork .
|
| FlowNetwork |
The FlowNetwork class represents a capacitated network
with vertices named 0 through V - 1, where each directed
edge is of type FlowEdge and has a real-valued capacity
and flow.
|
| FloydWarshall |
The FloydWarshall class represents a data type for solving the
all-pairs shortest paths problem in edge-weighted digraphs with
no negative cycles.
|
| FordFulkerson |
The FordFulkerson class represents a data type for computing a
maximum st-flow and minimum st-cut in a flow
network.
|
| FrequencyCounter |
The FrequencyCounter class provides a client for
reading in a sequence of words and printing a word (exceeding
a given length) that occurs most frequently.
|
| GabowSCC |
The GabowSCC class represents a data type for
determining the strong components in a digraph.
|
| GaussianElimination |
The GaussianElimination data type provides methods
to solve a linear system of equations Ax = b,
where A is an m-by-n matrix
and b is a length n vector.
|
| GaussJordanElimination |
The GaussJordanElimination data type provides methods
to solve a linear system of equations Ax = b,
where A is an n-by-n matrix
and b is a length n vector.
|
| Genome |
The Genome class provides static methods for compressing
and expanding a genomic sequence using a 2-bit code.
|
| GlobalMincut |
The GlobalMincut class represents a data type for computing a
global minimum cut in an edge-weighted graph where the edge
weights are nonnegative.
|
| GrahamScan |
The GrahamScan data type provides methods for computing the
convex hull of a set of n points in the plane.
|
| Graph |
The Graph class represents an undirected graph of vertices
named 0 through V – 1.
|
| GraphGenerator |
The GraphGenerator class provides static methods for creating
various graphs, including Erdos-Renyi random graphs, random bipartite
graphs, random k-regular graphs, and random rooted trees.
|
| GREP |
The GREP class provides a client for reading in a sequence of
lines from standard input and printing to standard output those lines
that contain a substring matching a specified regular expression.
|
| Heap |
The Heap class provides a static methods for heapsorting
an array.
|
| HexDump |
The HexDump class provides a client for displaying the contents
of a binary file in hexadecimal.
|
| HopcroftKarp |
The HopcroftKarp class represents a data type for computing a
maximum (cardinality) matching and a
minimum (cardinality) vertex cover in a bipartite graph.
|
| Huffman |
The Huffman class provides static methods for compressing
and expanding a binary input using Huffman codes over the 8-bit extended
ASCII alphabet.
|
| In |
Input.
|
| IndexBinomialMinPQ<Key> |
The IndexBinomialMinPQ class represents an indexed priority queue of generic keys.
|
| IndexFibonacciMinPQ<Key> |
|
| IndexMaxPQ<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>> |
The IndexMaxPQ class represents an indexed priority queue of generic keys.
|
| IndexMinPQ<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>> |
The IndexMinPQ class represents an indexed priority queue of generic keys.
|
| IndexMultiwayMinPQ<Key> |
The IndexMultiwayMinPQ class represents an indexed priority queue of generic keys.
|
| Insertion |
The Insertion class provides static methods for sorting an
array using insertion sort.
|
| InsertionX |
The InsertionX class provides static methods for sorting
an array using an optimized version of insertion sort (with half exchanges
and a sentinel).
|
| Interval1D |
The Interval1D class represents a one-dimensional interval.
|
| Interval2D |
The Interval2D class represents a closed two-dimensional interval,
which represents all points (x, y) with both xmin <= x <= xmax and
ymin <= y <= ymax .
|
| Inversions |
The Inversions class provides static methods to count the
number of inversions in either an array of integers or comparables.
|
| KMP |
The KMP class finds the first occurrence of a pattern string
in a text string.
|
| Knuth |
The Knuth class provides a client for reading in a
sequence of strings and shuffling them using the Knuth (or Fisher-Yates)
shuffling algorithm.
|
| KosarajuSharirSCC |
The KosarajuSharirSCC class represents a data type for
determining the strong components in a digraph.
|
| KruskalMST |
The KruskalMST class represents a data type for computing a
minimum spanning tree in an edge-weighted graph.
|
| KWIK |
The KWIK class provides a SuffixArray client for computing
all occurrences of a keyword in a given string, with surrounding context.
|
| LazyPrimMST |
The LazyPrimMST class represents a data type for computing a
minimum spanning tree in an edge-weighted graph.
|
| LinearProbingHashST<Key,Value> |
The LinearProbingHashST class represents a symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| LinearProgramming |
The LinearProgramming class represents a data type for solving a
linear program of the form { max cx : Ax ≤ b, x ≥ 0 }, where A is a m-by-n
matrix, b is an m-length vector, and c is an n-length vector.
|
| LinearRegression |
The LinearRegression class performs a simple linear regression
on an set of n data points (yi, xi).
|
| LinkedBag<Item> |
The LinkedBag class represents a bag (or multiset) of
generic items.
|
| LinkedQueue<Item> |
The LinkedQueue class represents a first-in-first-out (FIFO)
queue of generic items.
|
| LinkedStack<Item> |
The LinkedStack class represents a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of
generic items.
|
| LongestCommonSubstring |
The LongestCommonSubstring class provides a SuffixArray
client for computing the longest common substring that appears in two
given strings.
|
| LongestRepeatedSubstring |
The LongestRepeatedSubstring class provides a SuffixArray
client for computing the longest repeated substring of a string that
appears at least twice.
|
| LookupCSV |
The LookupCSV class provides a data-driven client for reading in a
key-value pairs from a file; then, printing the values corresponding to the
keys found on standard input.
|
| LookupIndex |
The LookupIndex class provides a data-driven client for reading in a
key-value pairs from a file; then, printing the values corresponding to the
keys found on standard input.
|
| LSD |
The LSD class provides static methods for sorting an
array of w-character strings or 32-bit integers using LSD radix sort.
|
| LZW |
The LZW class provides static methods for compressing
and expanding a binary input using LZW compression over the 8-bit extended
ASCII alphabet with 12-bit codewords.
|
| MaxPQ<Key> |
The MaxPQ class represents a priority queue of generic keys.
|
| Merge |
The Merge class provides static methods for sorting an
array using mergesort.
|
| MergeBU |
The MergeBU class provides static methods for sorting an
array using bottom-up mergesort.
|
| MergeX |
The MergeX class provides static methods for sorting an
array using an optimized version of mergesort.
|
| MinPQ<Key> |
The MinPQ class represents a priority queue of generic keys.
|
| MSD |
The MSD class provides static methods for sorting an
array of extended ASCII strings or integers using MSD radix sort.
|
| Multiway |
The Multiway class provides a client for reading in several
sorted text files and merging them together into a single sorted
text stream.
|
| MultiwayMinPQ<Key> |
The MultiwayMinPQ class represents a priority queue of generic keys.
|
| NFA |
The NFA class provides a data type for creating a
nondeterministic finite state automaton (NFA) from a regular
expression and testing whether a given string is matched by that regular
expression.
|
| NonrecursiveDFS |
The NonrecursiveDFS class represents a data type for finding
the vertices connected to a source vertex s in the undirected
graph.
|
| NonrecursiveDirectedDFS |
The NonrecursiveDirectedDFS class represents a data type for finding
the vertices reachable from a source vertex s in the digraph.
|
| Out |
This class provides methods for writing strings and numbers to
various output streams, including standard output, file, and sockets.
|
| Particle |
The Particle class represents a particle moving in the unit box,
with a given position, velocity, radius, and mass.
|
| PatriciaSET |
The PatriciaSET class provides an implementation of an
unordered set, with the restriction that the items (keys) are of class
String .
|
| PatriciaST<Value> |
The PatriciaST class provides an implementation of an unordered
symbol table of key-value pairs, with the restriction that the key is of
class String .
|
| Picture |
This class provides methods for manipulating individual pixels of
an image using the RGB color format.
|
| PictureDump |
The PictureDump class provides a client for displaying the contents
of a binary file as a black-and-white picture.
|
| Point2D |
The Point class is an immutable data type to encapsulate a
two-dimensional point with real-value coordinates.
|
| Polynomial |
The Polynomial class represents a polynomial with integer
coefficients.
|
| PrimMST |
The PrimMST class represents a data type for computing a
minimum spanning tree in an edge-weighted graph.
|
| Queue<Item> |
The Queue class represents a first-in-first-out (FIFO)
queue of generic items.
|
| Quick |
The Quick class provides static methods for sorting an
array and selecting the ith smallest element in an array using quicksort.
|
| Quick3string |
The Quick3string class provides static methods for sorting an
array of strings using 3-way radix quicksort.
|
| Quick3way |
The Quick3way class provides static methods for sorting an
array using quicksort with 3-way partitioning.
|
| QuickFindUF |
The QuickFindUF class represents a union–find data type
(also known as the disjoint-sets data type).
|
| QuickUnionUF |
The QuickUnionUF class represents a union–find data type
(also known as the disjoint-sets data type).
|
| QuickX |
The QuickX class provides static methods for sorting an
array using an optimized version of quicksort (using Bentley-McIlroy
3-way partitioning, Tukey's ninther, and cutoff to insertion sort).
|
| RabinKarp |
The RabinKarp class finds the first occurrence of a pattern string
in a text string.
|
| RandomSeq |
The RandomSeq class is a client that prints out a pseudorandom
sequence of real numbers in a given range.
|
| RectHV |
The RectHV class is an immutable data type to encapsulate a
two-dimensional axis-aligned rectagle with real-value coordinates.
|
| RedBlackBST<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The BST class represents an ordered symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| ResizingArrayBag<Item> |
The ResizingArrayBag class represents a bag (or multiset) of
generic items.
|
| ResizingArrayQueue<Item> |
The ResizingArrayQueue class represents a first-in-first-out (FIFO)
queue of generic items.
|
| ResizingArrayStack<Item> |
The ResizingArrayStack class represents a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack
of generic items.
|
| RunLength |
The RunLength class provides static methods for compressing
and expanding a binary input using run-length coding with 8-bit
run lengths.
|
| SegmentTree |
The SegmentTree class is an structure for efficient search of cummulative data.
|
| Selection |
The Selection class provides static methods for sorting an
array using selection sort.
|
| SeparateChainingHashST<Key,Value> |
The SeparateChainingHashST class represents a symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| SequentialSearchST<Key,Value> |
The SequentialSearchST class represents an (unordered)
symbol table of generic key-value pairs.
|
| SET<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>> |
The SET class represents an ordered set of comparable keys.
|
| Shell |
The Shell class provides static methods for sorting an
array using Shellsort with Knuth's increment sequence (1, 4, 13, 40, ...).
|
| SparseVector |
The SparseVector class represents a d-dimensional mathematical vector.
|
| ST<Key extends java.lang.Comparable<Key>,Value> |
The ST class represents an ordered symbol table of generic
key-value pairs.
|
| Stack<Item> |
The Stack class represents a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack of generic items.
|
| StaticSETofInts |
The StaticSETofInts class represents a set of integers.
|
| StdArrayIO |
Standard array IO.
|
| StdAudio |
Standard audio.
|
| StdDraw |
The StdDraw class provides a basic capability for
creating drawings with your programs.
|
| StdIn |
The StdIn class provides static methods for reading strings
and numbers from standard input.
|
| StdOut |
This class provides methods for printing strings and numbers to standard output.
|
| StdRandom |
The StdRandom class provides static methods for generating
random number from various discrete and continuous distributions,
including uniform, Bernoulli, geometric, Gaussian, exponential, Pareto,
Poisson, and Cauchy.
|
| StdStats |
The StdStats class provides static methods for computing
statistics such as min, max, mean, sample standard deviation, and
sample variance.
|
| Stopwatch |
The Stopwatch data type is for measuring
the time that elapses between the start and end of a
programming task (wall-clock time).
|
| StopwatchCPU |
The StopwatchCPU data type is for measuring
the CPU time used during a programming task.
|
| SuffixArray |
The SuffixArray class represents a suffix array of a string of
length n.
|
| SuffixArrayX |
The SuffixArrayX class represents a suffix array of a string of
length n.
|
| SymbolDigraph |
The SymbolDigraph class represents a digraph, where the
vertex names are arbitrary strings.
|
| SymbolGraph |
The SymbolGraph class represents an undirected graph, where the
vertex names are arbitrary strings.
|
| TarjanSCC |
The TarjanSCC class represents a data type for
determining the strong components in a digraph.
|
| ThreeSum |
The ThreeSum class provides static methods for counting
and printing the number of triples in an array of integers that sum to 0
(ignoring integer overflow).
|
| ThreeSumFast |
The ThreeSumFast class provides static methods for counting
and printing the number of triples in an array of distinct integers that
sum to 0 (ignoring integer overflow).
|
| TopM |
The TopM class provides a client that reads a sequence of
transactions from standard input and prints the m largest ones
to standard output.
|
| Topological |
The Topological class represents a data type for
determining a topological order of a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
|
| TopologicalX |
The TopologicalX class represents a data type for
determining a topological order of a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
|
| Transaction |
The Transaction class is an immutable data type to encapsulate a
commercial transaction with a customer name, date, and amount.
|
| Transaction.HowMuchOrder |
Compares two transactions by amount.
|
| Transaction.WhenOrder |
Compares two transactions by date.
|
| Transaction.WhoOrder |
Compares two transactions by customer name.
|
| TransitiveClosure |
The TransitiveClosure class represents a data type for
computing the transitive closure of a digraph.
|
| TrieSET |
The TrieSET class represents an ordered set of strings over
the extended ASCII alphabet.
|
| TrieST<Value> |
The TrieST class represents an symbol table of key-value
pairs, with string keys and generic values.
|
| TST<Value> |
The TST class represents an symbol table of key-value
pairs, with string keys and generic values.
|
| TwoPersonZeroSumGame |
The TwoPersonZeroSumGame class represents a data type for
computing optimal row and column strategies to two-person zero-sum games.
|
| UF |
The UF class represents a union–find data type
(also known as the disjoint-sets data type).
|
| Vector |
The Vector class represents a d-dimensional Euclidean vector.
|
| WeightedQuickUnionUF |
The WeightedQuickUnionUF class represents a union–find data type
(also known as the disjoint-sets data type).
|
| WhiteFilter |
The WhiteFilter class provides a client for reading in a whitelist
of words from a file; then, reading in a sequence of words from standard input,
printing out each word that appears in the file.
|
| Whitelist |
The Whitelist class provides a client for reading in
a set of integers from a file; reading in a sequence of integers
from standard input; and printing to standard output those
integers not in the whitelist.
|


Making the world a better place.
Making cool ideas possible.
Creating awesome things.
Creating beautiful ecommerce sites for autoparts.
Developing cool sms services, and CMS.
Creating awesome stuffs using wordpress, joomla, codeigniter, and jquery


Original
Effect of matrix (remove blues)
Effect of matrix (only leave reds)
Effect of matrix (only leave blues)


{% extends 'base_generic.html' %} {% load bootstrap4 %} {% block title %}Password change complete{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Your password has been changed.


Getting Started¶
Welcome to CurveFlow!
Note
Be careful, errors in your input are not always caught.
Installation¶
Installation is entirely engine specific. Here is the process in some major game engines.
- Unity: Simply drag the DLL into the project explorer and it should be usable by default
- Godot: Only compatible with a Mono project. Open the project and add the CurveFlow DLL as a reference in the project settings.
Initial Setup¶
To get started, first you will want to probably create a seperate object for storing Curve Flow related things, as you will need to persist the data yourself.
Make sure you don’t create any more than one controller, some things might become unstable if you do.
using CurveFlow;
class CurveFlowInterface
{
CurveFlowController controller;
void Start()
{
controller = new CurveFlowController();
}
}
The next step is to hook up the logging system. This will help you debug CurveFlow when things go wrong. The logging system uses a Bitmask to determine which types of messages to allow through. You can either just pass in an enum, or do a combination of them. Add up the following numbers you want to allow through the log and cast it as a MessageType .
- STATUS : 1
- DEBUG : 2
- ERROR : 4
Then call InitializeLog with your bitmask and a callback function
void HookLog()
{
//Message type of 7 allows all messages
controller.InitializeLog(PrintToLog, (MessageType)7);
}
void PrintToLog(string message, MessageType type)
{
Console.WriteLine(type + message);
}
Next, you will need to initialize the values that CurveFlow will track. These are the numbers that your Queries will be matched against, and you will need to define all of the trackable values. See Value Type for the specifics of each type.
void CreateProfile()
{
controller.CreateNewProfile(new CurveFlow.TrackedValue[] {
new TrackedValue(0f, 1f, "Parry", CurveFlow.ValueType.AVERAGE),
new TrackedValue(0f, 1f, "Dodge", CurveFlow.ValueType.AVERAGE),
new TrackedValue(0f, 1f, "Health", CurveFlow.ValueType.SET),
new TrackedValue(0f, float.MaxValue, "Money", CurveFlow.ValueType.ADDITIVE)
});
}
If you want to persist a profile through multiple loads, you can save them by getting the save data string with Controller.SaveProfile and passing it into Controller.LoadProfile later
Your First Query¶
Query files contain all of the information for how Curve Flow evaluates the best output. They are managed through XML, and you can get the default like so
System.IO.File.WriteAllText("QuerySettings.xml", OutputQuery.GetDefaultXML());
For specific setup information, see OutputQuery XML .
If you are just following along, use the following XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<Query
Name="TestQuery">
<Settings>
<RepeatSelection
Enabled="False">
<RepeatSelectionWeight>4.0</RepeatSelectionWeight>
<PreviousValuesTracked>4</PreviousValuesTracked>
<DiminishingWeight>True</DiminishingWeight>
</RepeatSelection>
<GroupBinding
Enabled="False">
<AllowDuplicates>False</AllowDuplicates>
<GroupRepeatMultiplier>2.0</GroupRepeatMultiplier>
</GroupBinding>
<SelectionLock
Enabled="False" />
</Settings>
<Output>
<Name>Output1</Name>
<Skill>
<Name>GrabSkill</Name>
<Value>0.8</Value>
<Weight>1.0</Weight>
</Skill>
<Skill>
<Name>DodgeSkill</Name>
<Value>0.3</Value>
<Weight>1.0</Weight>
</Skill>
</Output>
<Output>
<Name>Output2</Name>
<Skill>
<Name>DodgeSkill</Name>
<Value>0.8</Value>
<Weight>1.0</Weight>
</Skill>
<Skill>
<Name>GrabSkill</Name>
<Value>0.2</Value>
<Weight>1.0</Weight>
</Skill>
</Output>
</Query>
Finally, you can get the optimal output from your query by passing it into the controller along with the desired challenge, which is the change in difficulty from the players current estimated skill level.
void Evaluate()
{
string queryxml = "load xml here";
OutputQuery query = new OutputQuery(queryxml);
float desiredDifficulty = 0.0f;
string output = controller.Evaluate(query, desiredDifficulty);
}
Next Steps¶
If you haven’t already, now is the time to hook up the specific values you want to track. See Controller Settings and Query Settings for more information on how to customize CurveFlow to do what you need.


On the datamap it is shown which religion is most prominent by country. also it is possible to see the dispersion of a specific religion by clicking the button of that religion in the top. if clicked on these butteon the religion value in the scatter will also be updated. when clicked on a specific country, the dispersion pie chart will be updated and the country will be highlighted in the scatterplot
The pie chart represents the dispersion of religions over the world. updated per country by clicking on the map. if clicked on one of the arcs the map and scatterplot will be updated corresponding to the religion represented by the arc.
The scatterplot visualisezes the percentages of the selected religion against different social values; literacy rate, happiness index and life expectancy. Social standards are updated with the dropdown menu. religions with the buttons above or the pie chart


Charis SIL - Developer information
Welcome font developers!
We welcome other developers who wish to get involved in supporting and enhancing these fonts or who want to modify them.
Permissions granted by the OFL
SIL’s fonts are licensed according to the terms of the SIL Open Font License. The OFL allows the fonts to be used, studied, modified and redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. For details see the OFL.txt and OFL-FAQ.txt files in the package.
Building the fonts from source code
The full source code for our Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic fonts is available on Github:
- Charis SIL Github repository
- Doulos SIL Github repository
- Gentium Plus Github repository
- Andika Github repository
Font sources are in the UFO3 format with font family structures defined using designspace. OpenType source code is stored in the .fea format in the UFO (features.fea) but is maintained in a separate file using the more efficient and powerful .feax format.
The fonts are built using a completely free and open source workflow using industry-standard tools (fonttools), a package of custom python scripts (pysilfont), and a build and packaging system (Smith). The whole system is available in a preconfigured virtual machine using VirtualBox and Vagrant.
Full instructions for setting up the tools and building SIL fonts are available on a dedicated web site: SIL Font Development Notes.
Contributing to the project
We warmly welcome contributions to the fonts, such as new glyphs, enhanced smart font code, or bug fixes. The brief overview of contributing changes is a good place to begin. The next step is to contact us by responding to an existing issue or creating an issue in the Github repository and expressing your interest. We can then work together to plan and integrate your contributions.
Here are a few examples of contributions that would be welcomed (some more than others):
- Old style figures
- Coptic (Gentium)
- Historic/Archaic Cyrillic
- Mathematical glyphs
- Additional scripts (Armenian, etc.), and any needed OpenType code
Because we want to be able to guarantee a high level of quality for our fonts, we will review submissions carefully. Contributions will need to cover all the weights and styles of the family and in some cases all four font projects. Please don’t be discouraged if we do not include a submission due to quality or incompleteness, or if we ask you to make specific revisions.
To enable us to accept contributions in a way that honors your contribution and respects your copyright while preserving long-term flexibility for open source licensing, you would also need to agree to the SIL International Contributor License Agreement for Font Software (v1.0) prior to sending us your contribution. To read more about this requirement and find out how to submit the required form, please visit the CLA information page.


Select your Favourte Language
PHP
Java Script
C++
Css
you have selected :{{myFavLanguage}}
First Name:
Last Name:
Full Name: {{firstName + " " + lastName}}
My Data
Your input
This is your your data {{myNewData}}


Frederick M. C. Van Amstel, Ciao A. Vassão, Gonçalo B. Ferraz
Wikipedia referenced Vassão discussing Metadesign as follows...
Regarding a wide range of applications and contexts, Vassão has argued that Metadesign can be understood as a set of four "conceptual tools", utilizing Deleuze's understanding of the term "tool":
1 - Levels of Abstraction (the ability to understand the structure and limits of abstractions, language and instrumental thinking);
2 - Diagrams and Topology (the use of diagrammatic thinking and design, sustained by topological understanding);
3 - Procedural Design (the creation of realities through the use of procedures, such as in game and role playing, as well as in procedural design, art and architecture);
4 - Emergence (the absence of absolute control, and the ability to take advantage of unintended and unforeseen results).
Vassão argues that, in all different approaches to Metadesign, the presence of these conceptual tools can be verified
...which drew me to this paper and research community as it seems very relevant to CDPF and especially Designing for Bricolage.
It has a focus on Interaction Design, but also Gambiarra (not unlike bricolage or tinkering - translated as english:'kludging') and jeitinho brasileiro (the Brazilian way of solving problems). Links to the Arquitetura Livre movement, the Design Livre book and Faber Ludens institute. Loads of relevant quotations to be got here...
"Design Livre is an approach that combines the principles of Free
Software with design methodologies, aiming to enable participation in the
design process by anyone. Sharing source-code is not considered enough to
enable such participation, thus Design Livre goes back to the level of
metadesign - the underlining
structures of design process - to subvert formalism and maximize
appropriation."
"Interaction Design is known for spreading cultural sensibility around technology development. Instead of pushing new technologies, Interaction Design tries to bring the use culture into the technology development process. The goal is not to reduce cultural resistance and maximize adoption, but to provide an empowered experience where users have control over technology. Interaction Design aims at technology appropriation, not at technology adoption."
"The Design Livre book (2012), written by Faber-Ludens community, identified some patterns in reference projects in Brazil an abroad: Do-It-Yourself, mass customization, user participation, local production, sharing sourcecodes, gambiarra, self-maintenance, accessible documentation and conscious consumption. These patterns are not a set of requirements for Design Livre to happen, but a snapshot of current related trends. Amstel (2012) summarizes it in a set of three attitudes: being critical about the status quo, developing autonomy, and dreaming with a better world."
"Corais already has a space where this knowledge can be shared: a wiki with general descriptions of design knowledge. Currently there are five categories: Design Documentation, Design Tools, Design Games, Design Methods, Design Techniques."
"Corais is developed with the intention of facilitating learning design while doing. Participants have the opportunity to design their own design process by combining the design knowledge shared by other projects with the collaborative tools available. Members learn not only how to design, but, most important, how to design a design process"


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Sint, explicabo dolores ipsam aliquam inventore corrupti eveniet quisquam quod totam laudantium repudiandae obcaecati ea consectetur debitis velit facere nisi expedita vel?
One of few remaining witchers on the Continent, Geralt is a travelling monster slayer for hire, mutated and trained from an early age to slay deadly beasts for coin.
Former Police Sergeant, Sebastian fought his way through unspeakable nightmares to rescue his daughter Lily.
Founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics.
Leads a team of diagnosticians at the Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in Princeton, New Jersey.
An intellectually brilliant, cultured and sophisticated doctor, with refined tastes in art, music and cuisine.
Once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon, after a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery, he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One.


Tonight I had the privilege to meet with a bunch of great Japanese Steemians at Shiodome Tokyo. Thanks to @kinakomochi, who is the community manager of Steemit JP, for setting this meetup for me [previous announcement is here and here] and thanks to @yoshiko @kayoko @yasu24 @ytrphoto @tamito0201 for joining. You guys are really awesome! And I did not say this because you pay for my alcohol and food ^o^
We met at this place at 7pm - UOKIN PICCOLO 新橋店（ウオキンピッコロ） and it’s really great for me to experience this Izakaya culture with the locals because I cannot speak Japanese and this time I travel with my son so it’s not possible to bring a child here (thanks to my wife for taking care of him while I joined meetup). The place was packed and the energy was high.
The amazing thing about Steemian Meetups is that you never have to worry about what to talk about … we do have a lot of common topics and even know many common friends who we even have not met yet! Also, it won’t feel weird when you take out your phone to take photo of the food!! Haha! We are all bloggers and that’s what we do - sharing our life experience! Although we might not had communicated very smoothly, it was definitely one memorable night full of laughter and sincerity for me.
I think I might have expressed the notion that I don’t want to expose my personal images before meeting up, so they were very thoughtful and did not ask me for photos together. Still, I asked my Steemit substitute to take a photo with @yoshiko holding a Steemit banner … This lady is allegedly the mastermind behind the Steemit-jp conglomerate … She can do anything, really. ^_^
The other lady @kayoko sat in front of me. She was very kind to help everyone with tonight’s food. She uses knifes very professionally that a fish was dissected in no time. You don’t want to mess up with her…. lol
@kinakomochi is like the big brother of the group and takes care of everything. He is also very cheerful and easygoing person. Kind of like my first Japanese Steemian friend. Kudos to you, man!
@tamito0201 sat next to me and he told me that he only joined Steemit a month ago! He is a stylish dude with a low-keyed sense of humor. Cool.
@yasu24 seems to be a quieter guy who don’t talk much. But when we called it a night and walked to the metro station, Yasu and I talked a lot along the way and realized that we know many people in common like @htliao, @justyy and @travelgirl… etc and I was quite surprised to know his passion for this community! I was also moved that he told me he had to spend 2 hours in transit tonight just to join this meetup! Thanks Yasu!
@ytrphoto, another enthusiastic and energetic Steemian! He seems to know a lot of people, including in the crypto sphere and knows a lot of things! He loves to blog about food and really loves coffee. So he recommend me some places to visit while I am in Tokyo… Like the following.. Thanks Yotaro!
Some gifts from these lovely Steemians! They look so delicate!
Cannot thank you all enough for giving me such a unforgettable night! This is my first ever overseas Steemian Meetup so it means something to me. Hope to see you really soon! ❤～～
this Dean’s Tokyo Snapshots series ( #dean-tokyo as a specific tag) is my photographic diary for my family trip to Tokyo. Due to busy schedule and a naughty boy with us, I won’t be able to write much but I will make sure that every photo that I choose means something, at least to me… I hope you enjoy this photo series as well as me! Feel free to comment but I probably won’t have much time making replies often. Apologies first. :p
follow me @deanliu if you haven’t! or not, if this does not interest you…^^
https://steemitimages.com/DQmfZrw9uRCxfKwrzCs24ePqpSyknEeQPD5L9iMo3Z7x1VB/image.png
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘🍙 Dean’’s Tokyo Snapshots 🍙 Unforgettable Tokyo Steemit Meetup!’


/*
Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
"use strict";
module.exports = function(config) {
var url = require('url');
var apiconf = config.connector.rest;
/**
* Top of the hierarchy. Common attributes to every
* Connection Options
*/
function ConnectionOptions() {
if (apiconf.proxy && apiconf.proxy.host) {
if(apiconf.proxy.host.indexOf('://') < 0) {
apiconf.proxy.host = 'http://' + apiconf.proxy.host;
}
this.proxy = apiconf.proxy.host + ":" + apiconf.proxy.port;
} else Iif(process.env.https_proxy) {
this.proxy = process.env.https_proxy;
} else Iif(process.env.http_proxy) {
this.proxy = process.env.http_proxy;
}
var urlT = {
hostname: apiconf.host,
port: apiconf.port,
pathname: this.pathname,
protocol: apiconf.protocol,
query: this.query
};
Iif (apiconf.strictSSL === false) {
this.strictSSL = false;
}
this.timeout = apiconf.timeout;
this.url = url.format(urlT);
this.headers = {
"Content-type" : "application/json"
};
if (this.token) {
this.headers["Authorization"] = "Bearer " + this.token;
}
delete this.token;
}
return ConnectionOptions;
}
|


More like data as code than code as data.
Due to questionable advice from a random online article last night I decided to sign up for LinkedIn. As can be expected I've accomplished very little of use since then. As painful as it is, cranking through all the work experience and self promotion stuff, it is also pretty cool to play celebrity chaser and follow people like Rich Hickey or Erik Demaine.
Anyway, the plan today was to implement a click & drag selection mode in the document list of my application Lister. I did find some awkward JQuery code on StackOverflow that I could fix enough to be usable, but I've been thinking about moving my JS code (all 200 lines) over to ClojureScript. Then I could use core.async to sanely manage the app state across events. I could also clean up a lot of the ugliness I've let live just because its Javascript. I'm not sure it will be worth it to add another (big!) dependency and additional build steps though. I'll probably try a smaller experiment first and see how it goes.
As a supplement for today though I'll show off this little module I wrote to do HTML generation. The main widget in Lister is a QTabWidget containing one QWebView widget per tab. Since I didn't want to include an extra library to populate those web views I rolled my own super simple generator instead. It is inspired by libraries like Hiccup and Hoplon, and takes advantage of the Python syntax to do most of the heavy lifting.
The key function is tag
, which produces an arbitrary tag containing its args
as its innerHTML and kwargs as attributes:
from functools import partial
from itertools import chain
self_closing = ["area", "base", "br", "col", "command", "embed", "hr", "img",
"input", "keygen", "link", "meta", "param", "source", "track",
"wbr"]
def tag(kind, *args, **kwargs):
"""Generic tag-producing function."""
kind = kind.lower()
result = list()
result.append("<{}".format(kind))
for key, val in kwargs.items():
if key in ('kind', '_type'):
key = 'type'
elif key in ('klass', 'cls'):
key = 'class'
result.append(" {}=\"{}\"".format(key, val))
if kind in self_closing:
result.append(" />")
else:
result.append(">{}</{}>\n".format("".join(args), kind))
return "".join(result)
(Note that no attempt is made to sanitize or encode anything)
I then use that to build some basic tags as partial functions, and some specific convenience functions:
# Misc simple tags
style = partial(tag, 'style')
div = partial(tag, 'div')
span = partial(tag, 'span')
# Form related tags
label = partial(tag, 'label')
textbox = partial(tag, 'input', _type='text')
button = partial(tag, 'button', _type='button')
# Helper functions
def html(head='', body='', **body_attrs):
"""Root document element."""
return tag('html', tag('head', head), tag('body', body, **body_attrs))
def css(url):
"""A css link tag."""
return tag('link', href=url, rel='stylesheet', _type='text/css')
js = partial(tag, 'script', _type='text/javascript')
def script(url=None, script=None):
"""A script tag."""
if url:
return js(src=url)
elif script:
return js(script)
From there I build some application specific template functions:
# Doclist filter input controls
docfilter = div(" ", label('Filter:'), " ",
textbox(id='filter_input', autofocus='autofocus'),
button("Clear", id='filter_clear'),
id='docfilter')
bar = span('|', cls='bar noselect')
def cell(idx, contents):
"""Create html representing a cell in a row."""
return span(" {}".format(contents),
cls="col{} noselect".format(idx))
def add_bars(data):
"""Transform column data into cell tags, and add separating bars."""
cells = [(cell(i, c), bar) for i, c in enumerate(data)]
cells = list(chain(*cells))
cells.pop() # Remove last vertical bar
return cells
def row(idx, data):
"""Create html representing a row of cells."""
cells = add_bars(data)
# Setup row classes
classes = "row noselect"
if idx%2 == 1:
classes += " zebra"
return div(*cells, id="row{}".format(idx), cls=classes)
def header(columns):
"""Create html for column headers."""
cells = add_bars(columns)
return div(docfilter, div(*cells, cls='noselect'), id='header')
def doclist(headers, data):
"""Create a complete doclist from headers and 2d data."""
rows = [header(headers)]
rows.extend([row(i, r) for i, r in enumerate(data)])
return div(*rows, id='doclist')
A lot of this is messy, and not necessarily how I would do this in a web page, but since it is hidden inside a desktop application I did what was expedient.
You can see the full code as a Gist here.


Employee details
Employee Name:
Joining date:
Photo
Birth date:
Address:
Proof details 1
Proof details 2
Contact number of employee:
Contact number of family member:
Contact number of company provided: