The parent class
enum ref_t { secondary_ref=0, primary_ref=1 };
enum dcompare_t { c_less=-1, c_equal=0, c_greater=1 };
Private instance variables
RefCount
ref_countNumber of references to this object (both primary and secondary).
Public member functions
General Virtuals
This should be treated as the constructor, which is invoked when new objects are created. The superclass init() should always be called first before anything is done.
This should be treated as the destructor, which is invoked when objects are "freed". DO_Object subclasses are recycled in type- specific lists of "free" objects. The superclass's destroy() method should always be called last.
virtual DR_String
toString( )=0
Return a string value of self. A DO_Bool which has the value 0 will return "false", for example. Primarily this is used for small-scale stringification, and the OStream subclasses take precedence, such as the class ECI_OStream for ECI streaming.
virtual BOOLEAN
toBoolean( ) const
By default returns DR_FALSE.
virtual DRef
deepCopy( ) const
Return a copy of self. Class-specific, of course.
DO_Collection
::deepCopy()
, for example, returns a new collection with the deepCopy of each of its elements.
virtual void
assign( const DRef& obj )
Assign self to the given object.
virtual
dcompare_t
compare( const DRef& d ) const
General comparison. returns c_less, c_equal, or c_greater.
Get this object's Class object. Returns a DRef rather than DR_Class to eliminate circular class definitions. This DRef points to a DO_Class, of course.
Dynamic Messaging
virtual DRef
route(DR_Message m)=0
Respond to the given message m. Typically will
switch (m->messageCode)
and return the result of a function invocation named in the message object.
virtual DRef
doesNotUnderstand(DR_Message m )
Invoked by the default case of D::route(), which means that the method indicated by
m->message
was not found in any subclass. By default does nothing; subclasses may override this function to implement class-specific behavior when a message is not found (that is, not understood).D-specific methods
int
operator==
(const D& d)
pointer comparison! that is,
return (this == &d)
inline int
refCount( ) const
Gets the reference count, which means the number of primary references. invokes
ref_count.Primary();
DR_String
cpp_classname( )
Use C++ RTTI to get the name of the C++ class.
virtual void
_init( )
invokes D::init() and initializes the refcount to zero. Called by DO_Class::New() when an object is created or pulled from the free list.
virtual void
_destroy( )
invokes D::destroy()
D
( )
nothing other than ref count initialization.
virtual
~ D( )
Does nothing other than inidicate that all subclasses should implement a virtual destructor so that objects may be correctly destroyed when necessary, otherwise
delete
of aD *
would only free the portion of the object which is a D. Object deletion would happen inDO_Class::Recycle
()
if object recycling is turned off or memory is tight.
int
operator<
(const DRef& left, const DRef& right )
true if
left->
compare
(right)
is c_less
int
operator<=
(const DRef& left, const DRef& right )
true if
left->
compare
(right)
is c_less or c_equal
int
operator>
(const DRef& left, const DRef& right )
true if
left->
compare
(right)
is c_greater
int
operator>=
(const DRef& left, const DRef& right )
true if
left->
compare
(right)
is c_greater or c_equal
Used by D for ref count access management. Has both a primary and secondary reference.
Private Instance Variables
short
primary, secondaryThe number of primary and secondary references.
Public Member Functions
RefCount() { init(); } inline int Primary() const { return primary; } inline int Secondary() const { return secondary; } inline int newReference() { return newPrimary(); } inline int decReference() { return decPrimary(); } int newReference(ref_t); int decReference(ref_t); inline int newPrimary() { return ++primary; } inline int decPrimary() { return --primary; } inline int newSecondary() { return ++secondary; } inline int decSecondary() { return --secondary; } inline int operator++() { return newPrimary(); } // prefix inline int operator++(int) { return newPrimary(); } // postfix inline int operator--() { return decPrimary(); } inline int operator--(int) { return decPrimary(); } inline void init() { primary=0, secondary=0; }


Server maintenance! - Better Battlelog Forums #117647
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Hi all!
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In the script, there is a prewritten class named:
Animal.
From this class, create the two classes,
Cat and Dog. They will each have two
properties, name and greeting (the second
property must be static).
When the button is clicked, create an instance of the Dog class and an instance of the Cat class and display the return value of the sayHello method inside the console .


| JAN EVENT 1 | date | cost |
|---|---|---|
| January 1st | $$$ | |
| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum | ||
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| January 24th | $$ | |
| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum |
| FEB EVENT 1 | date | cost |
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| February 2nd | $ | |
| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum | ||
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| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum | ||
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| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum |
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| March 1st | $$ | |
| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum | ||
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| Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum |


Laboratory for Computational Mechanics
The Laboratory for Computational Mechanics (LCM) is an R&D effort built on the Albany code base. The purpose of the LCM is to develop a computational mechanics research environment that facilitates collaboration and impacts the Sandia production analysis codes.Getting Started
Development within the LCM environment requires an installation of Trilinos and a few TPLs. To facilitate a common environment setup, there are a couple of build scripts in the Albany repository that fetch and build Trilinos and the required TPLs. They can be found at the location Albany/src/LCM/doc/*_build.sh. These scripts build a recent version of the GCC compiler, including its dependencies, and proceed to fetch and build current version of NetCDF, Boost, CMake, and OpenMPI. Prereq's for the script are an installation of git and the standard BLAS and LAPACK libraries. If everything goes smoothly, you will have a clean installation of Trilinos and Albany's tests will pass.Fracture and Failure
The focus of the LCM is on developing mechanics algorithms related to modeling fracture and failure of materials. For more information, see the solid mechanics collaboration website.Multiphysics
The design of Albany allows for the rapid prototyping of multiphysics systems, as evident by a number of ongoing efforts underneath the LCM umbrella. Each of these efforts involves the solution of multiple balance laws with coupled solution fields, in the context of fully nonlinear, finite deformation continuum mechanics. A few represented examples will be discussed.Thermomechanics
The treatment of thermomechanics includes a formulation of the balance of energy, in temperature form, coupled with the balance of linear momentum. Implicit, quasi-static time integration applies to the equilibrium equations, with transient heat conduction stemming from the balance of energy. Finite deformation kinematics leads to a description of physics in the reference configuration, with temperature dependent material parameters and constitutive response, including J2 inelasticity. Finally, mechanical source terms are present in the energy equation describing structural elastic and inelastic heating as well as internal dissipation.Poromechancis
Hydrogen Transport
Organization and Project Management
The LCM project leverages existing research projects in the areas of computational mechanics. The stated objective is to provide an environment whereby a researcher can focus on the new idea and/or algorithm, and not be responsible for re-implementing functionality required for simulation, but outside the scope of the research. For example, existing parsing, I/O, parallel communication functionality can be leveraged and reused seamlessly. A schmatic of the operational space of the LCM project can be seen in the figure below.


ISOSIZE
Section: SG_UTILS (8)Updated: December 2000
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
isosize - outputs the length of an iso9660 file systemSYNOPSIS
isosize [-x] [-d <num>] <iso9660_image_file>...DESCRIPTION
This command outputs the length of an iso9660 file system that is contained in given file. That file may be a normal file or a block device (e.g. /dev/hdd or /dev/sr0). In the absence of any switches (or errors) it will output the size of the iso9660 file system in bytes. This can now be a large number (>> 4 GB).
- -x
- output in humanly readable form the block count and the block size. Output uses the term "sectors" for "blocks".
- -d <num>
- only has affect when -x is not given. The number output (if no errors) is the iso9660 file size in bytes divided by <num>. So if <num> is the block size then the output number will be the block count.
The size of the file (or block device) holding a iso9660 file system can be marginally larger than the actual size of the iso9660 file system. One reason for this is that cd writers are allowed to add "run out" sectors at the end of a iso9660 image.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:26 GMT, December 24, 2015


- GameEnded - Class in gchess.boardgame.states
-
This state represents the end of a game.
- GameEnded() - Constructor for class gchess.boardgame.states.GameEnded
-
- GameMode - Enum in gchess.enums
-
- gamePanel - Variable in class gui.MainFrame
-
- GamePanel - Class in gui
-
Created by Gil on 30/10/2017.
- GamePanel() - Constructor for class gui.GamePanel
-
- GameState - Class in gchess.boardgame
-
This class describes a state of a certain game.
- GameState() - Constructor for class gchess.boardgame.GameState
-
- GameType - Enum in gchess.enums
-
- gchess - package gchess
-
- GChess - Class in gchess
-
This class implements the GChessAPI interface and its the connector between the front-end and the back-end.
- GChess() - Constructor for class gchess.GChess
-
- gchess.boardgame - package gchess.boardgame
-
- gchess.boardgame.states - package gchess.boardgame.states
-
- gchess.chess - package gchess.chess
-
- gchess.chess.enums - package gchess.chess.enums
-
- gchess.chess.exceptions - package gchess.chess.exceptions
-
- gchess.chess.gamemods - package gchess.chess.gamemods
-
- gchess.chess.moves - package gchess.chess.moves
-
- gchess.chess.pieces - package gchess.chess.pieces
-
- gchess.chess.players - package gchess.chess.players
-
- gchess.chess.players.evaluators - package gchess.chess.players.evaluators
-
- gchess.chess.states - package gchess.chess.states
-
- gchess.chess.utils - package gchess.chess.utils
-
- gchess.enums - package gchess.enums
-
- gchess.exceptions - package gchess.exceptions
-
- GChessAPI - Interface in gchess
-
- GChessThrowable - Class in gchess.exceptions
-
- GChessThrowable() - Constructor for class gchess.exceptions.GChessThrowable
-
- GChessThrowable(String) - Constructor for class gchess.exceptions.GChessThrowable
-
- getAlliance() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Piece
-
- getAlliance() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Player
-
- getBackgroundColor() - Method in class gui.Tile
-
- getBoardRepresentation() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessBoard
-
This function returns a nice and easy representation of the chess board using N x M matrix and enums of pieces.
- getBoardRepresentation() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns a nice and easy representation of the chess board using N x M matrix and enums of pieces.
- getCheckCountOf(Alliance) - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.ThreeCheck
-
- getCheckedKing() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.Check
-
- getCheckedKingPos() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.CheckMate
-
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Board
-
This function returns a copy of the board so that any modifications on the copy won't affect the current
board.
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.BoardGame
-
This function returns a copy of the current game so that any modifications on the copy won't affect the current
game.
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessBoard
-
This function returns a copy of the board so that any modifications on the copy won't affect the current
board.
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns a copy of the current game so that any modifications on the copy won't affect the current
game.
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.Atomic
-
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.Chess960
-
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.KingOfTheHill
-
- getCopy() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.ThreeCheck
-
- getCurrentTurnAlliance() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns the current turn alliance.
- getDestination() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Move
-
Returns the destination position os the move.
- getEnemyPos() - Method in class gchess.chess.moves.EnPassantMove
-
- getGameState() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.BoardGame
-
This function returns the current game state.
- getGameState() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns the current game state.
- getId() - Method in class gui.Tile
-
- getKingPosition(Alliance) - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns the king position of the requested alliance.
- getLastMove() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Board
-
This function returns the last executed move.
- getMaximumSize() - Method in class gui.BoardPanel
-
- getMinimumSize() - Method in class gui.BoardPanel
-
- getMoveCount() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.King
-
- getMoveCount() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Rook
-
- getMoveHistory() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessBoard
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessPiece
-
This function returns the pieces movement directions.
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Bishop
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.King
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Knight
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Pawn
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Queen
-
- getMovementDirections() - Method in class gchess.chess.pieces.Rook
-
- getName() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Player
-
- getNextMove(ChessGame) - Method in class gchess.chess.players.AIPlayer
-
This function is called by the board-game platform as a request for a move from the player.
- getNextMove(ChessGame) - Method in class gchess.chess.players.DefaultUI
-
- getNextMove(ChessGame) - Method in class gchess.chess.players.HumanPlayer
-
- getNextMove(ChessGame) - Method in interface gchess.chess.players.UI
-
This function is called by the board-game platform as a request for a move from the player.
- getNextMove(ChessGame) - Method in class gui.GamePanel
-
- getNextMove(T) - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Player
-
This function is called by the board-game platform as a request for a move from the player.
- getOccupiedPositions() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessBoard
-
This function returns all the positions that are occupied by pieces.
- getOccupiedPositions() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns all the positions that are occupied by pieces.
- getPiece() - Method in class gui.Tile
-
- getPiece(Position) - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Board
-
This function returns the piece that seats in the position received as parameter.
- getPiece(Position) - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns the piece that seats in the position received as parameter.
- getPossibleMoves() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.BoardGame
-
This function returns a collection of the possible (legal) moves of the current alliance.
- getPossibleMoves() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns a collection of the possible (legal) moves of the current alliance.
- getPreferredSize() - Method in class gui.BoardPanel
-
- getPromotionMoves(Position, Position, Alliance) - Static method in class gchess.chess.moves.PromotionMove
-
- getPromotionPiece() - Method in class gchess.chess.moves.PromotionMove
-
- getRookDestination() - Method in class gchess.chess.moves.CastleMove
-
- getRookSource() - Method in class gchess.chess.moves.CastleMove
-
- getSource() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Move
-
Returns the source position of the move.
- getSpecialEndGameState() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessGame
-
This function returns the current special end game state, if there isn't any it returns null.
- getSpecialEndGameState() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.Atomic
-
- getSpecialEndGameState() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.KingOfTheHill
-
- getSpecialEndGameState() - Method in class gchess.chess.gamemods.ThreeCheck
-
- getTakenOutPieces() - Method in class gchess.chess.ChessBoard
-
- getWinningAlliance() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.CheckMate
-
- getWinningAlliance() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.KingIsDead
-
- getWinningAlliance() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.KingIsOnTheHill
-
- getWinningAlliance() - Method in class gchess.chess.states.ThreeCheckWin
-
- getX() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Position
-
- getY() - Method in class gchess.boardgame.Position
-
- gui - package gui
-


Why Silence is Great for Critical Thinking
On paper, the rule of the awkward silence is simple.
When you are faced with a challenging question, instead of immediately answering, pause and take the time to think deeply on how you want to answer.
And we’re not talking about a short pause here; you can wait five, 10 or even 15 seconds before answering, which can feel like a very long time. Go ahead and count them out now. Can you imagine a silence dragging on for that long following a question?
But the rule of awkward silence can be a great tool for critical thinking. What is critical thinking? Critical thinking is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgement.
Want to read more about it? Here are 13 examples of critical thinking, so you can identify them in your day and find other ways to practice critical thinking.
Critical thinking can help you to formulate deeper, more analytical and thoughtful answers to the questions, which in turn can help you to solve problems more effectively.
But there’s another benefit to the rule of awkward silences, and it is all to do with the way our brains process emotions.
Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand, identify and manage emotions and the rule of awkward silence is a great way to show you have it.
When it comes to calm and rational thinking, we typically engage a part of our brain known as the prefrontal cortex. But by contrast, when we feel attacked or under pressure, we engage another part of our brain, known as the amygdala, which tends to take over in an ‘emotional hijack’.
Professor Steve Peters talks at length about this topic in his book “The Chimp Paradox” It is a fascinating read and one that we recommend.
Let us stress that this hijacking isn’t always a bad thing, as our emotions can help us get out of difficult situations and keep us safe.
It is when our emotions go unchecked that this can become a problem, when we say or do things during a hijack that we later come to regret.
It can be tempting when we need to answer a challenging question, to just spit out anything, even if it doesn’t make much sense. Or you might say what you think the other person wants to hear, rather than what you truly believe.
This can be unhelpful and harmful, across a myriad of levels. Would it not be better to take a few seconds to pause, think things through and then respond to the question in a way that you are proud of afterwards?
In a virtual training environment, or a virtual classroom, while it presents its own unique set of challenges, this silence when formulating an answer can be used by both participant and facilitator. Using the silence to formulate your answers will help you achieve a deeper understanding and give more effective answers.
So, the next time someone asks you a challenging question, try to take your time instead of rushing to give an answer. In doing so, you will:-
- Buy yourself some time to think
- Keep yourself calm
- Increase your confidence
- Produce better, more meaningful answers
- Keep yourself in the driver’s seat
- Say what you mean and mean what you say
It may feel awkward at first, of course, but the more you practice the technique, the less awkward the pause will feel. And the more you practice, the more you will be able to make your emotions work for you, instead of against you.
Good luck!


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TeamMusic is the best music streaming service built by TeamWorks DEV.
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500-year-old book with first mention of nation's saint to go on display on St Andrew's Day
by Shan RossOne of the first ever works to be printed in Scotland, which includes the first mention of St Andrew in print, will go on display at the National Library of Scotland (NLS) in Glasgow on St Andrew’s Day.
The 500-year-old copy of the Aberdeen Breviary, will go on show on Saturday 30 November at the Kelvin Hall, will be returning to the city for the first time since it was used by Nicholas Ferguson and other local clergy at St Mungo’s Cathedral in the early 1500s.
Although the book gets its name from Aberdeen, the city where it was compiled, after being commissioned by the Bishop of Aberdeen, it was created as the first Scotland-wide service book.
READ MORE:
This copy of the Breviary is of special significance because of the extra item bound at the back, a 16-page book called the ‘Compassio Beate Marie’.
Besides the ‘Compassio’, an order of service, it contains readings about the arrival of St Andrew’s relics into Scotland.
It is the only known copy in existence and the only evidence that printing continued in Scotland between 1510 and 1532.
It is believed to have been compiled by the best Scottish historians of the day.
"This book is a huge deal" - Dr Anette Hagan, National Library of Scotland rare books collector
The ‘Compassio’ was printed for a monk who was matriculated at the University of Glasgow in 1519.
Visitors to the National Library at Kelvin Hall will be able to see pages from the Breviary and Compassio.
Dr Anette Hagan, NLS rare books curator, said the book was of great national significance.
“This book is a huge deal. We managed to secure it for the national collections five years ago, and are delighted to be taking it back to the city where it was first used centuries ago.
“There are only three other surviving sets of the Aberdeen Breviary.
“The way this book was put together tells us a lot about how printing developed in Scotland.
“It was printed by Walter Chepman in 1509, and we can clearly see the corrections and modifications he made as he was developing the process.”
Dr Hagan added: “The Breviary was the reason James IV granted a licence for the first printing house – Edinburgh-based Chepman and Myllar – and it is a fine example of Scottish Renaissance education and culture.”
The NLS has already digitised both the Breviary and the ‘Compassio’ which are available for the public to read on its website.
Family-friendly activities will also be on offer at the Kelvin Hall on St Andrew’s Day, featuring intricate colouring-in materials and an animation station.
As Kelvin Hall is the home of the National Library’s Moving Image Collections, there will also be interactive touch screens to view a range of films of Scotland – from sport and industry, to ballet and music hall.
The Aberdeen Breviary display is open from 10am–4pm on Saturday 30 November at the National Library of Scotland, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow. Admission free.


Governor: Ohio plan to clean Lake Erie will work, take time
by JOHN SEEWER, Associated PressTOLEDO, Ohio (AP) - Ohio's governor is laying out a broad plan to combat the toxic algae plaguing Lake Erie and says the plan will work but not overnight.
Republican Gov. Mike DeWine said Thursday the state's new strategy will focus on reducing agriculture runoff that feeds the algae by offering farmers financial incentives to change their practices.
DeWine says the changes won't be mandatory, but he thinks farmers will buy in because of the incentives and some of the new practices that will save them money.
He says it's the first time the state has taken such a comprehensive approach.
Ohio lawmakers this summer approved spending $172 million over the next two years on water quality improvements.
Details about how the money will be spent will be announced in the coming months.


Suppose we want to implement a calculator where the user can type in a sum such as 6+3*(10+2) and get the answer 42. A calculator like this consists mostly of a parser for arithmetic expressions. Although it would be easy to write by hand, developing it using Pecan illustrates Pecan's features and the way it supports the development of a parser in a step-by-step, test-driven fashion.
To make a start, create a file sum.txt
containing:
digit = '0..9' @read
This can be thought of as a prototype parser. It specifies a parsing function
called digit
which recognises a single digit and then uses an
action @read
to evaluate it. An expression such as
'0'
in a definition matches a specific character in the input, and
'0..9'
matches any character in the given range. An action such
as @read
represents an operation to be applied to the text
matched so far.
An action such as @read
can be thought of as representing an
external function call in the final parser which will be written or generated
when the prototype is complete. The function will generate an output item of
some kind. In this case, we are thinking of output items as numbers, but in
some other application such as a compiler, output items could be syntax
trees.
The prototype parser doesn't make external calls, but it can be tested
symbolically as it stands. Create a file sum-test.txt
, like
this:
{sum.txt} ========== 2 ---------- read 2
The test file is divided into two parts by a line of equal signs. The first
part imports the grammar to be used for subsequent tests. The second part is a
test, divided by a line of minus signs into the input and the expected output.
The output produced represents the external calls which would be made by the
final parser, in this case a call to a function read
with an
argument which represents the substring "2"
of the input text.
If we don't know exactly what output we are expecting, we can put in a guess and correct it later. Then we can run the test like this:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 1 test.
It is assumed here that pecan
is an alias for whatever command
has to be typed to run the pecan program, perhaps:
java -jar pecan.jar sum-test.txt Pass 1 test.
So far, so good.
To extend the parser to handle multi-digit numbers, edit the parser in
sum.txt
to read:
number = ('0..9')+ @read
The postfix operator +
means that the parser should try to match
something one or more times. In this case, a number consists of one or more
digits. To see if this works, add another test to the file
sum-test.txt
so that it now contains:
{sum.txt} ========== 2 ---------- read 2 ========== 42 ---------- read 42
Over time, the test file can contain various parser fragments or parser versions and their tests, representing the entire history of development. For the calculator, we are keeping only the current version of the parser, but we are keeping all the tests to make sure they still work:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 2 tests.
We are making progress.
To extend the parser to handle two numbers added together such as
2+40
, edit the parser in sum.txt
to
read:
sum = number / number '+' number @2add number = ('0..9')+ @read
The /
operator means "or", so the parser should recognise
either a single number, or two numbers with a plus sign in between, in which
case a function add
is to be called to evaluate the sum. The
2
in @2add
indicates that the add
function is to be applied to the two previously created output items, rather
than to text from the input. Add a third test to the file:
{sum.txt} ========== 2 ---------- read 2 ========== 42 ---------- read 42 ========== 2+40 ---------- read 2 read 40 add
The final three lines describe the calls which we would expect to be made by
the generated code, i.e. two calls to read
followed by a call
to add
, using the results of the previous calls as arguments.
Running the tests gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Fail test on line 11 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- read 2 read 40 add ---------- Actual ---------- read 2
This is a good opportunity to demonstrate a couple of Pecan features:
pecan -trace sum-test.txt 11 I1: |2+40 P1: sum = number / number '+' number @2add P1: number / number '+' number @2add P1: number P2: ('0..9')+ @read P2: ('0..9')+ P2: '0..9' I1: 2|+40 P2: '0..9' P2: @read O1: read 2 Fail test on line 11 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- read 2 read 40 add ---------- Actual ---------- read 2
A numerical argument to the pecan
program represents the line
number of a single test in the test file. This makes sure only one test is run.
The -trace
(or -t
) option switches on trace output. Although
verbose, this can sometimes be used to resolve difficult issues. Each line in
the trace starts with I
, P
or O
and a
line number. A line starting with I
marks a change of input
position with a vertical bar. A line starting with P
reports the
current parse expression being executed. A line starting with O
reports an output action. The trace shows that in the choice:
number / number '+' number @2add
the first alternative succeeds, so the second alternative isn't tried. The
choice operator /
is sequential, as in PEG grammars, not
symmetrical like the |
operator in CFG grammars. Also, our parser
doesn't yet specify that parsing must reach the end of the input, so recognising
just the first number from the input gives a successful result.
Maybe we can fix things by changing the order of choice. Change the rules in sum.txt to:
sum = number '+' number @2add / number number = ('0..9')+ @read
Now running the tests gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Fail test on line 3 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- read 2 ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 3: 2 ^
We have broken the first test, which used to work. It is very common to break old tests, which is why we are keeping all the tests and re-running them in every development step. The reason the first test now fails is that the parser has made a start on the first alternative:
number '+' number @2add
and the initial part, number
, has succeeded. The parser is now
committed to this first alternative, which then fails because there is no plus
sign. By default, a parser is committed to an alternative as soon as any
progress is made.
It is possible to specify the point at which the parser is committed to the first alternative:
sum = [number '+'] number @2add / number number = ('0..9')+ @read
The square brackets indicate that the parser should commit to the first alternative after the plus sign is found. If there is no plus sign, the parser should backtrack to the beginning and try the second alternative.
However, this may involve re-parsing the first number. To keep parsers efficient, it is best to use backtracking very sparingly, so let's try something else.
A better approach for our calculator is to recognise the first number, and then look to see whether or not there is a following plus sign:
sum = number ('+' number @2add)? number = ('0..9')+ @read
The postfix operator ?
means that something is
optional, so x?
represents a choice between x
or
nothing. Running our tests now gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Fail test on line 11 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- read 2 read 40 add ---------- Actual ---------- read 2 read +40 add
Well, at least the first test is working again. The final test is nearly
working, except for the plus sign on the front of the number 40. That's
because every character in the input must be handled by some action. An action
such as read
is passed all the characters matched since the
previous action.
Since we don't need the plus sign once it has been matched, we can add an action which discards it:
sum = number ('+' @ number @2add)? number = ('0..9')+ @read
An @
sign on its own is an action which discards all characters
matched since the previous action. Does this finally sort out our tests?
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 3 tests.
Yes, it does.
At this point, it might be just as well to solve the problem of making sure that all the input is used:
sum = number ('+' @ number @2add)? end number = ('0..9')+ @read end = '\r'? '\n' @
The carriage return character \r
is also known as
\13
(decimal) or \0D
(hexadecimal), and the line feed
character \n
is also known as \10
(decimal) or
\0A
(hexadecimal).
Pecan normalizes the line endings of the test file when it is read in, so
they are all '\n'
, but the end
definition covers the
two most common line ending conventions, so the final compiled parser will work
on most common platforms, without normalizing the input.
The @
action discards the end-of-line character or characters
after matching them. Another test can be added to our file to make sure that the
parser reports an error if the end of the input isn't reached.
... ========== 2+40% ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: 2+40% ^
The test says that the parser should produce an error with a specific message. If it does, the test succeeds:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 4 tests.
The error message in the last test isn't very good, because it doesn't provide a reason for the failure. That's because we haven't specified any error reporting details yet. For now, it is enough to point to the place where the failure occurs.
Now let's deal with any sequence of numbers added together.
sum = number ('+' @ number @2add)* end number = ('0..9')+ @read end = '\r'? '\n' @
All we've done is to replace the ?
operator by the
*
operator, which says that something is to be repeated any number
of times. Unlike the +
operator, it specifies zero or more times,
rather than one or more times. We can add a test:
... ========== 2+10+12+18 ---------- read 2 read 10 add read 12 add read 18 add
Running the tests produces:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 5 tests.
All is well.
The next step is to allow subtraction as well as addition:
sum = number ('+' @ number @2add / '-' @ number @2subtract)* end number = ('0..9')+ @read end = '\r'? '\n' @
A number can be followed by any number of clauses. Each clause is either a plus sign or a minus sign followed by another number. Add an extra test for subtraction:
... ========== 2-10+53-3 ---------- read 2 read 10 subtract read 53 add read 3 subtract
Run the tests:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 6 tests.
We are making good progress.
At this point, let's do something about the uninformative error messages. Here is the one in our current test file:
2+40% ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: 2+40% ^
This accurately reports the position in the input at which parsing failed, but doesn't give any clue about why. The conventional approach is to list the things which would allow further parsing. If the list were generated automatically, it might read:
2+40% ---------- Error... expecting '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','-','\r','\n' 2+40% ^
Messages like this are too long and detailed to be very useful. We need to form a summary. To do that, we can add error markers to the parser:
sum = number ('+' @ number @2add / '-' @ number @2subtract)* end number = (#digit '0..9')+ @read end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
If we run the Pecan program on our test file, we get this:
java pecan.Run tests/sum11.txt Fail test on line 17 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: 2+40% ^ ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: expecting digit, newline 2+40% ^
When an error marker such as #digit
is encountered, it is
attached as a marker to the current position in the input. If progress is made
beyond that position, the marker is removed. If parsing fails, the markers
associated with the current input position are reported. In the example here,
the #digit
marker summarises the set of digits which are expected,
and the marker #newline
summarises the line endings.
If the error message is changed in the test file to match what is actually reported, the tests all pass. A further test can be added to cover the case where there is no number after an operator:
... ========== 2+ ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 43: expecting digit 2+ ^
Running the tests gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 7 tests.
This is good, but we need a more uniform approach to error handling to make sure it is accurate.
The operators +
and -
are not being reported
because there is no marker for them. Although it is often reasonable to leave
out relatively unimportant items from the 'expected' list, the operators ought
to be reported in our case. For uniformity, let's make sure that whenever a
character is matched in the input, there is a marker associated with it which
reports its absence. We can rewrite the parser as:
sum = number (plus number @2add / minus number @2subtract)* end number = digit+ @read plus = #operator '+' @ minus = #operator '-' @ digit = #digit '0..9' end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
Each expression where a character is recognised has been pulled out into its own definition, with an error marker included. This is a rather minor example of the transformation approach to parser development. We started with a parser:
sum = ... '+' @ ...
Then we transformed it by pulling a subexpression out into its own rule before developing further:
sum = ... plus ... plus = '+' @
There are many transformations like this which can be performed on a Pecan parser which are guaranteed not to change its meaning. For any input, the output actions performed or the error report produced are not changed.
Running the tests produces:
Fail test on line 17 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: expecting digit, newline 2+40% ^ ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: expecting digit, newline, operator 2+40% ^
This shows that operators are now being reported. If we upgrade the error
message in the test file, the tests pass. Note that the error marker
#operator
is encountered twice while parsing, once for each
operator, but is only reported once. Also note that the error markers are
reported in alphabetical order. In the compiled parser, the order of the items,
and the text printed, can be customised.
It is time to add the other two operators:
sum = term (plus term @2add / minus term @2subtract)* end term = number (times number @2multiply / over number @2divide)* number = digit+ @read plus = #operator '+' @ minus = #operator '-' @ times = #operator '*' @ over = #operator '/' @ digit = #digit '0..9' end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
Using the two separate rules sum
and term
means
that we have specified that multiplication and division take precedence over
addition and subtraction. We need to add at least one more test to make sure
this is working:
... ========== 5*8+12/6 ---------- read 5 read 8 multiply read 12 read 6 divide add
Running the tests gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 8 tests.
Now all the operators are in place, it is time to tackle brackets.
Let's add a rule atom
to mean either a number or a bracketed
subexpression:
sum = term (plus term @2add / minus term @2subtract)* end term = atom (times atom @2multiply / over atom @2divide)* atom = number / open sum close number = digit+ @read plus = #operator '+' @ minus = #operator '-' @ times = #operator '*' @ over = #operator '/' @ open = #bracket '(' @ close = #bracket ')' @ digit = #digit '0..9' end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
Running the existing tests shows up a slight problem:
Fail test on line 43 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 43: expecting digit 2+ ^ ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 43: expecting bracket, digit 2+ ^
The error message in that test needs to be upgraded in the test file. Now we can add a simple test for brackets:
... ========== 2*(20+1) ---------- read 2 read 20 read 1 add multiply
Running the tests gives:
pecan sum-test.txt Fail test on line 59 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- read 2 read 20 read 1 add multiply ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 59: expecting digit, newline, operator 2*(20+1) ^
The new test for brackets fails. That is because we are using
the sum
rule both for the expression as a whole, where we expect
the end of the input to follow, and for the inner subexpression, where we
expect a closing bracket to follow. We need to separate out these two
cases.
All we need to do is to add an extra rule expression
which is
the same as sum
, but without the end of input test:
sum = expression end expression = term (plus term @2add / minus term @2subtract)* term = atom (times atom @2multiply / over atom @2divide)* atom = number / open expression close number = digit+ @read plus = #operator '+' @ minus = #operator '-' @ times = #operator '*' @ over = #operator '/' @ open = #bracket '(' @ close = #bracket ')' @ digit = #digit '0..9' end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
Let's run the tests again:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 9 tests.
Now let's allow spaces.
Handling spaces is a little bit difficult, because we are scanning and parsing in one go, rather than writing a separate scanner and parser. Perhaps the simplest approach is to skip spaces at the start, and after recognising each token:
sum = gap expression end expression = term (plus term @2add / minus term @2subtract)* term = atom (times atom @2multiply / over atom @2divide)* atom = number / open expression close number = digit+ @read gap plus = #operator '+' gap minus = #operator '-' gap times = #operator '*' gap over = #operator '/' gap open = #bracket '(' gap close = #bracket ')' gap digit = #digit '0..9' gap = (#space ' ')* @ end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
A test can be added:
... ========== 2 * ( 20 + 1 ) ---------- read 2 read 20 read 1 add multiply
Running the tests gives:
Fail test on line 17 of sum-test.txt: ---------- Expected ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: expecting digit, newline, operator 2+40% ^ ---------- Actual ---------- Error in sum-test.txt, line 17: expecting digit, newline, operator, space 2+40% ^
The error message is technically correct, but since spaces are allowed almost anywhere, it seems rather fussy to mention them.
Rather than change the error messages to add space
as an extra
expected item, let's decide that error messages will look cleaner if spaces are
not reported. Also, there are no circumstances where one or more digits have
been matched, and a further digit is required, so it is tidier not to report
digits individually either. So let's remove the marker #digit
from
the digit rule and put a marker #integer
on the number rule
instead. The grammar becomes:
sum = gap expression end expression = term (plus term @2add / minus term @2subtract)* term = atom (times atom @2multiply / over atom @2divide)* atom = number / open expression close number = #integer digit+ @read gap plus = #operator '+' gap minus = #operator '-' gap times = #operator '*' gap over = #operator '/' gap open = #bracket '(' gap close = #bracket ')' gap digit = '0..9' gap = (' ')* @ end = #newline '\r'? '\n' @
Running the tests again shows that there are error messages that need to be adjusted, but after that:
pecan sum-test.txt Pass 10 tests.
Although there are many more features that could be added, let's stop and say we have successfully developed a grammar for arithmetic expressions.


Let's Try JavaScript!
I'm a paragraph with an ID
First Link
Second Link
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What text would you like to add?


If you would prefer to email me, either send to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or use the form below to send me a message.


Lift supports lazy loading of a snippet. This is useful when a snippet may take a long time to render, but you want to return the page to the browser quickly.
The Markup:

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The Scala Code:
object LongTime { def render = { val delay = 1000L + randomLong(10000) Thread.sleep(delay)
 This thread delayed {delay / 1000L} seconds
 } }


# The pointwise-adaptive k-NN density estimator.
#
# Author: Maria d'Errico<EMAIL_ADDRESS>#
# Licence: BSD 3 clause
import numpy as np
from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, DensityMixin, ClassifierMixin, TransformerMixin
from sklearn.utils.validation import check_X_y, check_array, check_is_fitted
from sklearn.utils.multiclass import unique_labels
from sklearn.metrics import euclidean_distances
from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors
from sklearn.neighbors import kneighbors_graph
from math import log, sqrt, exp, lgamma, pi, pow
from Pipeline.twoNN import twoNearestNeighbors
from Pipeline import _PAk
VALID_METRIC = ['precomputed', 'euclidean']
VALID_DIM = ['auto', 'twoNN']
[docs]def _PointAdaptive_kNN(distances, indices, k_max=1000, D_thr=23.92812698, dim=None):
r"""Main function implementing the Pointwise Adaptive k-NN density estimator.
Parameters
----------
distances: array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Distances to the k_max neighbors of each points. The point is included.
indices : array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Indices of the k_max neighbors of each points. The point is included.
k_max : int, default=1000
The maximum number of nearest-neighbors considered by the procedure that returns the
largest number of neighbors ``k_hat`` for which the condition of constant density
holds, within a given level of confidence. If the number of points in the sample `N` is
less than the default value, k_max will be set automatically to the value ``N/2``.
D_thr : float, default=23.92812698
Set the level of confidence. The default value corresponds to a p-value of
:math:`10^{-6}` for a :math:`\chiˆ2` distribution with one degree of freedom.
dim : int
Intrinsic dimensionality of the sample.
Attributes
----------
densities : array [n_samples]
The logarithm of the density at each point.
err_densities : array [n_samples]
The uncertainty in the density estimation, obtained by computing
the inverse of the Fisher information matrix.
k_hat : array [n_samples]
The optimal number of neighbors for which the condition of constant density holds.
dc : array [n_sample]
The radius of the optimal neighborhood for each point.
"""
# The adaptive k-Nearest Neighbor density estimator
k_hat, dc, densities, err_densities = _PAk.get_densities(dim, distances, k_max, D_thr, indices)
return densities, err_densities, k_hat, dc
[docs]class PointAdaptive_kNN(BaseEstimator, DensityMixin):
"""Class definition for the Pointwise Adaptive k-NN density estimator.
Parameters
----------
k_max : int, default=1000
The maximum number of nearest-neighbors considered by the procedure that returns the
largest number of neighbors ``k_hat`` for which the condition of constant density
holds, within a given level of confidence. If the number of points in the sample `N` is
less than the default value, k_max will be set automatically to the value ``N/2``.
D_thr : float, default=23.92812698
Set the level of confidence. The default value corresponds to a p-value of
:math:`10^{-6}` for a :math:`\chiˆ2` distribution with one degree of freedom.
metric : string, or callable
The distance metric to use.
If metric is a string, it must be one of the options allowed by
scipy.spatial.distance.pdist for its metric parameter, or a metric listed in
:obj:`VALID_METRIC = [precomputed, euclidean]`. If metric is ``precomputed``, X is assumed to
be a distance matrix. Alternatively, if metric is a callable function, it is
called on each pair of instances (rows) and the resulting value recorded. The
callable should take two arrays from X as input and return a value indicating
the distance between them. Default is ``euclidean``.
dim_algo : string, or callable
Method for intrinsic dimensionality calculation. If dim_algo is ``auto``, dim is assumed to be
equal to n_samples. If dim_algo is a string, it must be one of the options allowed by :obj:`VALID_DIM = [auto, twoNN]`.
nn_distances : array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Distances to the k_max neighbors of each points.
nn_indices : array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Indices of the k_max neighbors of each points.
blockAn : bool, default=True
This parameter is considered if dim_algo is ``twoNN``, it is ignored otherwise.
If blockAn is True the algorithm perform a block analysis that allows discriminating the relevant dimensions
as a function of the block size. This allows to study the stability of the estimation with respect to
changes in the neighborhood size, which is crucial for ID estimations when the data lie on a manifold perturbed
by a high-dimensional noise.
block_ratio : int, default=20
This parameter is considered if dim_algo is ``twoNN``, it is ignored otherwise.
Set the minimum size of the blocks as `n_samples/block_ratio`. If ``blockAn=False``, block_ratio is ignored.
frac : float, default=1
This parameter is considered if dim_algo is ``twoNN``, it is ignored otherwise.
Define the fraction of points in the data set used for ID calculation. By default the full data set is used.
dim : int
Intrinsic dimensionality of the sample. If dim is provided, dim_algo is ignored.
n_jobs : int or None, optional (default=None)
The number of jobs to use for the computation. This works by computing
each of the n_init runs in parallel.
``None`` means 1 unless in a :obj:`joblib.parallel_backend` context.
``-1`` means using all processors. See :term:`Glossary <n_jobs>`
for more details.
Attributes
----------
distances_ : array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Distances to the k_max neighbors of each points.
indices_ : array [n_samples, k_max+1]
Indices of the k_max neighbors of each points.
densities_ : array [n_samples]
The logarithm of the density at each point.
err_densities_ : array [n_samples]
The uncertainty in the density estimation, obtained by computing
the inverse of the Fisher information matrix.
k_hat_ : array [n_samples]
The optimal number of neighbors for which the condition of constant density holds.
dc_ : array [n_sample]
The radius of the optimal neighborhood for each point.
Examples
--------
>>> from DPA import PAk
>>> import numpy as np
>>> X = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 1], [1, 0],
... [4, 7], [3, 5], [3, 6]])
>>> est = PAk.PointAdaptive_kNN().fit(X)
>>> est.distances_
array([[0. , 1. , 1. ],
[0. , 1. , 1.41421356],
[0. , 1. , 1.41421356],
[0. , 1.41421356, 2.23606798],
[0. , 1. , 2.23606798],
[0. , 1. , 1.41421356]])
>>> est.indices_
array([[0, 1, 2],
[1, 0, 2],
[2, 0, 1],
[3, 5, 4],
[4, 5, 3],
[5, 4, 3]])
References
----------
A. Rodriguez, M. d’Errico, E. Facco and A. Laio, Computing the free energy without collective variables. `J. chemical theory computation` 14, 1206–1215 (2018).
"""
def __init__(self, k_max=1000, D_thr=23.92812698, metric="euclidean", dim_algo="auto",
nn_distances=None, nn_indices=None,
blockAn=True, block_ratio=20, frac=1, dim=None, n_jobs=None):
self.k_max = k_max
self.D_thr = D_thr
self.metric = metric
self.dim_algo = dim_algo
self.nn_distances = nn_distances
self.nn_indices = nn_indices
self.blockAn = blockAn
self.block_ratio = block_ratio
self.frac = frac
self.dim = dim
self.n_jobs = n_jobs
if metric not in VALID_METRIC:
raise ValueError("invalid metric: '{0}'".format(metric))
if dim_algo not in VALID_DIM:
raise ValueError("invalid dim_algo: '{0}'".format(dim_algo))
if self.dim_algo == "twoNN" and self.frac > 1:
raise ValueError("frac should be between 0 and 1.")
[docs] def fit(self, X, y=None):
"""Fit the PAk estimator on the data.
Parameters
----------
X : array [n_samples, n_samples] if metric == ``precomputed``, or,
[n_samples, n_features] otherwise
The input samples.
y : Ignored
Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.
Returns
-------
self : object
Returns self.
"""
# Input validation
X = check_array(X, order='C', accept_sparse=True)
if not self.dim:
if self.dim_algo == "auto":
self.dim = X.shape[1]
elif self.dim_algo == "twoNN":
if self.block_ratio >= X.shape[0]:
raise ValueError("block_ratio is larger than the sample size, the minimum size for block analysis \
would be zero. Please set a lower value.")
self.dim = twoNearestNeighbors(blockAn=self.blockAn, block_ratio=self.block_ratio,
frac=self.frac, n_jobs=self.n_jobs).fit(X).dim_
else:
pass
if self.k_max > X.shape[0]:
self.k_max = int(X.shape[0]/2)
if self.k_max < 3:
raise ValueError("k_max is below 3, the minimum value required for \
statistical significance. Please use a larger datasets.")
# check if NN matrix is precomputed:
if self.nn_distances is not None and self.nn_indices is not None:
# overwrite the self.k_max
self.k_max = self.nn_distances.shape[1]-1
self.distances_ = self.nn_distances
self.indices_ = self.nn_indices
elif self.metric == "precomputed":
nbrs = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=self.k_max+1, # The point i is counted in its neighborhood
algorithm="brute",
metric=self.metric,
n_jobs=self.n_jobs).fit(X)
self.distances_, self.indices_ = nbrs.kneighbors(X)
else:
nbrs = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=self.k_max+1, # The point i is counted in its neighborhood
algorithm="auto",
metric=self.metric,
n_jobs=self.n_jobs).fit(X)
self.distances_, self.indices_ = nbrs.kneighbors(X)
self.densities_, self.err_densities_, self.k_hat_, self.dc_ = _PointAdaptive_kNN(self.distances_,
self.indices_,
k_max=self.k_max,
D_thr=self.D_thr,
dim=self.dim)
self.is_fitted_ = True
return self


public class RequestHandler extends java.lang.Object implements RequestNotifier
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Intern |
data
The received data will be put into this attribute.
|
protected java.lang.String |
id
A unique id to identify the RequestHandler.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
RequestHandler(InputConfigurationValidated validatedInputConf,
OutputConfiguration anOutputConf,
RequestListener aRequestListener)
The standard constructor for the RequestHandler, that is used during the request phase.
|
RequestHandler(java.lang.String aLink,
RequestListener aRequestListener)
The constructor for the first two Requests where the
AllAPIsSpecification is built. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
changeState(RequestEvent event)
Changes the state of the RequestHandler to the specified RequestEvent.
|
void |
dumpData()
Writes
data in the way specified in the OutputConfiguration given to the constructor. |
Intern |
getData()
Returns the
data . |
java.lang.String |
getID()
Returns the unique
id |
void |
notifyObservers()
Notifies all RequestListeners of the current state of the RequestHandler.
|
void |
register(RequestListener observer)
Registers a
RequestListener to this RequestHandler, that will furthermore be notified of any state changes. |
Intern |
request()
Handles the request.
|
void |
unregister(RequestListener observer)
Removes a
RequestListener from the observers, so it will not be notified anymore. |
protected Intern data
RunnableRequestHandler
can also access this.protected java.lang.String id
RunnableRequestHandler
can also access this.public RequestHandler(InputConfigurationValidated validatedInputConf, OutputConfiguration anOutputConf, RequestListener aRequestListener)
id
to the RequestHandler.validatedInputConf
- an InputConfigurationValidated
that is used to build the link.anOutputConf
- an OutputConfiguration
that specifies how to deal with the received dataaRequestListener
- a RequestListener
that is registered to the observers of the RequestHandlerpublic RequestHandler(java.lang.String aLink, RequestListener aRequestListener)
AllAPIsSpecification
is built.
Assigns a unique id
to the RequestHandler.
It does not get an InputConfiguration
, but it directly gets the link to request the MetaData about the structure of the APIs.
Careful: After constructing a RequestHandler with this constructor, do not call link #dumpData()},
for there is no OutputConfiguration
and it will result in a NullPointerException
.aLink
- a Link that is requested. Probably a MetaData requestaRequestListener
- a RequestListener that is registered to the observers of the RequestHandlerpublic Intern request()
InputConfigurationValidated
(or that was specified directly in the second constructor)
using the Login Information defined in the SingletonLoginHandler
and parses the JSON that is received from the ODatabase into an Intern
.
Notifies the registered RequestListeners of RequestEvent.CONNECTION_ESTABLISHED
and RequestEvent.CONNECTION_CLOSED
.
If an error occurs, the method returns null. This MUST be handled by whomever has called request().
What type of error occured is told to the registered RequestListeners via
RequestEvent.CONNECTION_ERROR
and the corresponding RequestEvent.exception
.Intern
containing the data.public void dumpData()
data
in the way specified in the OutputConfiguration
given to the constructor.
Notifies the registered RequestListeners of RequestEvent.WRITING_STARTED
and RequestEvent.WRITING_FINISHED
.
If a RequestEvent.WRITING_ERROR
occurs, the RequestHandler will notify its listeners of it.public void register(RequestListener observer)
RequestListener
to this RequestHandler, that will furthermore be notified of any state changes.register
in interface RequestNotifier
observer
- the RequestListener
to be added to the observerspublic void unregister(RequestListener observer)
RequestListener
from the observers, so it will not be notified anymore.
Specifying a RequestListener
that is not in observers will not change anything.unregister
in interface RequestNotifier
observer
- the RequestListener
to be removed from the observerspublic void notifyObservers()
RunnableRequestHandler.run()
)notifyObservers
in interface RequestNotifier
public final void changeState(RequestEvent event)
notifyObservers()
to notify all registered RequestListeners of the change.event
- the new state the RequestHandler is in.public Intern getData()


Astronauts must train for hundreds of hours before they ever set foot (or float) outside their spacecraft.
Going under
Part of astronauts’ training takes place in a 6.2-million-gallon pool, where buoyancy simulates weightlessness. They practice moving in space suits, using tools, and dealing with emergency situations.
Something’s missing . . .
Why isn’t this astronaut floating? She’s training on Earth, wearing a practice space suit in a simulated airlock.
Ready for the real thing
In space, astronauts help each other into their suits. Getting dressed for a spacewalk takes about 45 minutes.
Under pressure
The air pressure inside space suits keeps astronauts alive in the vacuum of space. But to prevent the suits from becoming rigid, the pressure is kept low—much lower than inside spacecraft.
Beating the bends
Astronauts breathe pure oxygen while slowly adjusting to their space suits’ air pressure. This rids their bodies of nitrogen, which could form deadly bubbles in their blood (called “the bends”) in the suits’ lower pressure.
Double doors
Before these spacewalkers can open the hatch to space, their crewmates must close the inner door behind them and activate pumps to remove all the air from the airlock.
Hostile work environment
The airlock’s outer hatch opens, and the astronauts are in space! They’ll work among micrometeoroids, extreme temperature shifts, and cosmic radiation . . . just another day at the office.
A personal atmosphere
Space suits contain oxygen and provide the air pressure our bodies need. But that air pressure also makes the suit stiff and challenging to move in.
Staying attached
Drifting off into space would be very bad, so astronauts connect themselves to their spacecraft with tethers.
Staying in touch
When astronauts are on spacewalks, they stay in constant communication with their colleagues on the Space Station and with Mission Control on Earth.
Staying on task
During a space walk, every astronaut has a specific “to-do” list. They know exactly what needs to get done and how to do it.
A hard day’s work
There’s a lot of work to do on a spacewalk. Science experiments, repairs, and construction work keep spacewalking astronauts busy for up to eight hours.
Worth the effort
Working in a pressurized space suit is difficult and tiring, but astronauts consider it a huge honor. It’s an experience unlike anything else on—or off—Earth.


{% for timeplace in object.timeplace_set|future %}
{% include "news/admin_timeplace_listing.html" %}
{% empty %}
{% trans "No future occurrences exist for this event" %}
{% endfor %}
{% for timeplace in object.timeplace_set|past %}
{% include "news/admin_timeplace_listing.html" %}
{% empty %}
{% trans "No past occurrences exist for this event" %}
{% endfor %}


Leinster look back to 'huge lesson' learned in Toulouse last season
The Top14 leaders look set to deliver a statement of intent in front of their home support.
by Sean FarrellTHEY WENT OVER as European champions. The fourth star fresh on their chest and they were bullishly going in search of a fifth with a brilliant young lock who had not yet lost a match with his province.
Losing always leaves a lasting sting with Leinster. Even if it was just a bounce to the wrong side of a thrilling, tight contest away to a rejuvenated giant of French rugby – a team who they went on to beat twice later in the campaign.
13 months on from the memorable October 28-27 loss in Toulouse, the eastern province are using it as a stick to beat themselves with to rouse a performance in Lyon.
The Rhone club certainly don’t have the European pedigree of Toulouse and began their Champions Cup campaign with a loss away to Northampton. However, they do have a perch at the summit of the early Top14 table with six wins from seven and a grizzled, powerful pack to set a platform for a dangerous back-line.
Moving on from a staccato bonus point win over Benetton, Leinster are intent on displaying a little nous picked up in Toulouse when they meet the current Top14 leaders.
“It’s a huge, huge lesson and a huge experience for everyone that was involved,” says backs coach Felipe Contepomi.
“Going to play an in-form French team. It’s a good lesson. Hopefully, we learned from it and we’ll only learn if we do it right.
“I’ll tell you on Monday if we’ve learned from it.”
The Argentine takes exception when it’s suggested that Lyon’s performance in the weekend loss in Northampton featured a touch of disinterest.
“If a French team are disinterested they will concede 50 points,” says Contepomi.
“I would be say that they were caught out, surprised by the intensity of a European game. But they came back out from the dressing room, changed (the way they set up) and could even have got even closer (on the scoreboard).”
The former out-half is highly respectful of Lyon’s ambitious style and of head coach Pierre Mignoni. The former scrum-half will surely have taken mental notes during his time working under Joe Schmidt and Vern Cotter with Clermont before going on to play alongside Contepomi in Toulon.
“He has always been very studious of the game. My opinion is that he’s got a great rugby philosophy.
“He is a hard worker, a very good coach, and you could see he was always going to be a coach, a good one.”
“I think he’s very studious and he is pragmatic, at the same time keen on taking risk, having that offensive play, wide play, trying to impose their rhythm.”
Precisely the sort of variety that stretched Leinster just that little bit too far at this stage last season.


This is the h1 tag
Hello there, awesome person!
This is a link to Google!
This is a link to Facebook!
This is a link to GitHub!


3.4 List group member
On group menu, select item 'List Member', it will show you all group members with role for you, similar to figure 3.4.1.
Figure 3.4.1


Javascript logging module which writes in the console all warnings and erros
npm install --save jsw-logger
Currently, JSW-Logger can be used within a TypeScript based project, as a node dependency or directly in the browser.
First we need to import the dependency:
import { JSWLogger } from "jsw-logger";
var JSWLogger = require("jsw-logger").JSWLogger;
<script src="path/to/deps/dist/jsw-logger.min.js"></script>
<!-- This exposes a global "JSWLogger" variable -->
We can instanciate the logger passing a bunch of options:
var Logger = JSWLogger.getInstance({
level: 2, // logs "info", "warn" and "error" by default
hideAllLogs: false, // hides messsages from being logged
hideLevelLog: false, // hides the "LOG: " from the begining of the message
throwError: true // throw an error when "Logger.throw"
});
Or we can retrieve the instance with the options by default:
var Logger = JSWLogger.instance;
Also, the options can only by setted when instantiating with the first way.
To change them, we should access the options object: Logger.options.throwError = false
Or we can drop the instance so we can regenerate it: JSWLogger.__dropInstance()
Note that as this is a singleton (can only be instantiated once), so if you drop the instance, it will be dropped for all
The level logging hierarchy is as follows:
| Name | Level | Method | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silly | 6 | Logger.silly | Some dummy logs, less relevants than a debug |
| Debug | 5 | Logger.debug | For debugging purposes |
| Verbose | 4 | Logger.verbose | For extended log messages |
| Log | 3 | Logger.log | The standar logging |
| Info | 2 | Logger.info | To show relevant information messages |
| Logger.inform | Works as an alias for "info" | ||
| Logger.information | Worksas an alias for "info" | ||
| Warn | 1 | Logger.warn | To show application warnings |
| Logger.warning | Works as an alias for "warn" | ||
| Error | 0 | Logger.error | To output error generated by the application |
| Logger.throw | Same as "error", but throws an Exception is configured to |
The lower we set the level whe instanciating, the less methods will output something. Eg.:
Logger.debug("Not shown"); // -> outputs nothing, as the default is log (2)
Logger.info("Some informative message"); // -> INFO: Some informative message
// Can use interpolation
Logger.warn("Be careful %s!", "Ryan"); // -> WARN: Be careful Ryan!
Logger.error("Line %d doesn't compile", 562); // -> ERROR: Line 562 doesn't compile
MIT
Generated using TypeDoc


Demo Post
This demo page has been used from http://jasonm23.github.io/markdown-css-themes/.
A First Level Header
A Second Level Header
A Third Level Header
A Fourth Level Header
A Fifth Level Header
A Sixed Level Header
Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country. This is just a regular paragraph.

Header 3
This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
This is an H2 in a blockquote
This is the first level of quoting.
This is nested blockquote.
Back to the first level.
Some of these words are emphasized. Some of these words are emphasized also.
Use two asterisks for strong emphasis. Or, if you prefer, use two underscores instead.
- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
- Red
- Green
Blue
A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
Another item in the list.
This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.* Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
- This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You’re only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Another item in the same list.
A list item with a bit of
code
inline.A list item with a blockquote:
This is a blockquote inside a list item.
Here is an example of a pre code block
tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
This is an example link.
I start my morning with a cup of coffee and The New York Times.


Class: Innsights::Fetchers::Record
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- Innsights::Fetchers::Record
- Includes:
- Helpers::Config
- Defined in:
- lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb
Overview
Stores the record instance that holds the key values that will be sent to the service
the way to get these values from within the record is configured using the watch
DSL
Instance Attribute Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) condition
Returns the value of attribute condition.
-
- (Time) created_at
the fetched timestamp value.
-
- (Object) group
the fetched group object.
-
- (Hash) metrics
the prepared metrics hash.
-
- (String, Symbol) name
the fetched name value.
-
- (Object) record
the record from which the report's attributes will be fetched.
-
- (Object) report
the report with the configuration of how to reach the report's attributes.
-
- (Object) user
the fetched user object.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (Record) initialize(record, report)
constructor
Fetches the information from the record with the configuration set in report.
-
- (Hash) options
Prepared hash to create a new Report contains: name, user, :group, created_at and metrics for the report.
-
- (Boolean) run?
Specifies if the report should be sent to the service evaluates the reports condition method, block or primitive.
Methods included from Helpers::Config
Constructor Details
- (Record) initialize(record, report)
Fetches the information from the record with the configuration set in report
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 22 def initialize(record, report) @record = record @report = report @name = attr_call(report.name) @user = attr_call(report.report_user) @group = attr_call(report.report_group) @created_at = attr_call(report.created_at_method) @metrics = fetch_metrics(report.metrics) end |
Instance Attribute Details
- (Object) condition
Returns the value of attribute condition
16 17 18 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 16 def condition @condition end |
- (Time) created_at
the fetched timestamp value
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def created_at @created_at end |
- (Object) group
the fetched group object
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def group @group end |
- (Hash) metrics
the prepared metrics hash
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def metrics @metrics end |
- (String, Symbol) name
the fetched name value
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def name @name end |
- (Object) record
the record from which the report's attributes will be fetched
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def record @record end |
- (Object) report
the report with the configuration of how to reach the report's attributes
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def report @report end |
- (Object) user
the fetched user object
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 13 def user @user end |
Instance Method Details
- (Hash) options
Prepared hash to create a new Report contains: name, user, :group, created_at and metrics for the report
36 37 38 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 36 def {user: user, group: group, created_at: created_at, measure: metrics} end |
- (Boolean) run?
Specifies if the report should be sent to the service evaluates the reports condition method, block or primitive. True by default
44 45 46 47 |
# File 'lib/innsights/fetchers/record.rb', line 44 def run? return true if report.condition.nil? return attr_call(report.condition) end |


“God wot I ought to say, I have done ill,
And pray you all forgiveness heartily!
Because you must be right, such great lords; still
“Listen, suppose your time were come to die,
And you were quite alone and very weak;
Yea, laid a dying while very mightily
“The wind was ruffling up the narrow streak
Of river through your broad lands running well:
Suppose a hush should come, then some one speak:
“‘One of these cloths is heaven, and one is hell,
Now choose one cloth for ever; which they be,
I will not tell you, you must somehow tell
“‘Of your own strength and mightiness; here, see!’
Yea, yea, my lord, and you to ope your eyes,
At foot of your familiar bed to see
“A great God’s angel standing, with such dyes,
Not known on earth, on his great wings, and hands,
Held out two ways, light from the inner skies
“Showing him well, and making his commands
Seem to be God’s commands, moreover, too,
Holding within his hands the cloths on wands;
“And one of these strange choosing cloths was blue,
Wavy and long, and one cut short and red;
No man could tell the better of the two.
“After a shivering half-hour you said:
‘God help! heaven’s color, the blue;’ and he said, ‘hell.’

“Nevertheless you, O Sir Gauwaine, lie,
Whatever may have happened through these years,
God knows I speak truth, saying that you lie.”

Whatever tears her full lips may have drunk,
She stood, and seemed to think, and wrung her hair,
Spoke out at last with no more trace of shame,
With passionate twisting of her body there:
“It chanced upon a day that Launcelot came
To dwell at Arthur’s court: at Christmastime
This happened; when the heralds sung his name,
“Son of King Ban of Benwick, seemed to chime
Along with all the bells that rang that day,
O’er the white roofs, with little change of rhyme.
“Christmas and whitened winter passed away,
And over me the April sunshine came,
Made very awful with black hail-clouds, yea
“And in the Summer I grew white with flame,
And bowed my head down: Autumn, and the sick
Sure knowledge things would never be the same,
“However often Spring might be most thick
Of blossoms and buds, smote on me, and I grew
Careless of most things, let the clock tick, tick,
“To my unhappy pulse, that beat right through
My eager body; while I laughed out loud,
And let my lips curl up at false or true,
“Seemed cold and shallow without any cloud.
Behold, my judges, then the cloths were brought;
While I was dizzied thus, old thoughts would crowd
“Belonging to the time ere I was bought
By Arthur’s great name and his little love;
Must I give up for ever then, I thought,
“That which I deemed would ever round me move,
Glorifying all things; for a little word,
Scarce ever meant at all, must I now prove
“Stone-cold for ever? Pray you, does the Lord
Will that all folks should be quite happy and good?
I love God now a little, if this cord
“Were broken, once for all what striving could
Make me love anything in earth or heaven?
So day by day it grew, as if one should
“Slip slowly down some path worn smooth and even,
Down to a cool sea on a summer day;
Yet still in slipping there was some small leaven
“Of stretched hands catching small stones by the way,
Until one surely reached the sea at last,
And felt strange new joy as the worn head lay
“Back, with the hair like sea-weed; yea all past
Sweat of the forehead, dryness of the lips,
Washed utterly out by the dear waves o’ercast,
“In the lone sea, far off from any ships!
Do I not know now of a day in Spring?
No minute of that wild day ever slip
“From out my memory; I hear thrushes sing,
And wheresoever I may be, straightway
Thoughts of it all come up with most fresh sting:
“I was half mad with beauty on that day,
And went without my ladies all alone,
In a quiet garden walled round every way;
“I was right joyful of that wall of stone,
That shut the flowers and trees up with the sky,
And trebled all the beauty: to the bone,
“Yea right through to my heart, grown very shy
With wary thoughts, it pierced, and made me glad;
Exceedingly glad, and I knew verily,
“A little thing just then had made me mad;
I dared not think, as I was wont to do,
Sometimes, upon my beauty; If I had
“Held out my long hand up against the blue,
And, looking on the tenderly darken’d fingers,
Thought that by rights one ought to see quite through,
“There, see you, where the soft still light yet lingers
Round by the edges; what should I have done,
If this had joined with yellow spotted singers,
“And startling green drawn upward by the sun?
But shouting, loosed out, see now! all my hair,
And trancedly stood watching the west wind run
“With faintest half-heard breathing sound: why there
I lose my head e’en now in doing this;
But shortly listen: In that garden fair
“Came Launcelot walking; this is true, the kiss
Wherewith we kissed in meeting that spring day,
I scarce dare talk of the remember’d bliss,
“When both our mouths went wandering in one way,
And aching sorely, met among the leaves;
Our hands being left behind strained far away.
“Never within a yard of my bright sleeves
Had Launcelot come before: and now so nigh!
After that day why is it Guenevere grieves?

“Being such a lady could I weep these tears
If this were true? A great queen such as I
Having sinn’d this way, straight her conscience sears;
“And afterwards she liveth hatefully,
Slaying and poisoning, certes never weeps:
Gauwaine be friends now, speak me lovingly,
“Do I not see how God’s dear pity creeps
All through your frame, and trembles in your mouth?

Ah! God of mercy, how he turns away!
So, ever must I dress me to the fight,
“So: let God’s justice work!
“This very day, and you were judges here
Instead of God. Did you see Mellyagraunce
When Launcelot stood by him? what white fear
“Curdled his blood, and how his teeth did dance,
His side sink in? as my knight cried and said:
‘Slayer of unarm’d men, here is a chance!
“‘Setter of traps, I pray you guard your head,
By God I am so glad to fight with you,
Stripper of ladies, that my hand feels lead
“‘For driving weight; hurrah now! draw and do,
For all my wounds are moving in my breast,
And I am getting mad with waiting so.’
“He struck his hands together o’er the beast,
Who fell down flat, and grovell’d at his feet,
And groan’d at being slain so young: ‘At least,
“My knight said, ‘Rise you, sir, who are so fleet
At catching ladies, half-arm’d will I fight,
My left side all uncovered!’ then I weet,
“Up sprang Sir Mellyagraunce with great delight
Upon his knave’s face; not until just then
Did I quite hate him, as I saw my knight
“Along the lists look to my stake and pen
With such a joyous smile, it made me sigh
From agony beneath my waist-chain, when
“The fight began, and to me they drew nigh;
Ever Sir Launcelot kept him on the right,
And traversed warily, and ever high
“And fast leapt caitiff’s sword, until my knight
Sudden threw up his sword to his left hand,
Caught it and swung it; that was all the fight;
“Except a spout of blood on the hot land,
For it was hottest summer; and I know
I wonder’d how the fire, while I should stand,
“And burn, against the heat, would quiver so,
Yards above my head; thus these matters went,
Which things were only warnings of the woe
“That fell on me. Yet Mellyagraunce was shent,
For Mellyagraunce had fought against the Lord;
Therefore, my lords, take heed lest you be blent
“With all his wickedness; say no rash word
Against me, being so beautiful; my eyes
Wept all away to gray, may bring some sword
“To drown you in your blood; see my breast rise
Like waves of purple sea, as here I stand;
And how my arms are moved in wonderful wise,
“Yea also at my full heart’s strong command,
See through my long throat how the words go up
In ripples to my mouth; how in my hand
“The shadow lies like wine within a cup
Of marvellously color’d gold; yea now
This little wind is rising, look you up,
“And wonder how the light is falling so
Within my moving tresses: will you dare
When you have looked a little on my brow,
“To say this thing is vile? or will you care
For any plausible lies of cunning woof,
Where you can see my face with no lie there
“For ever? am I not a gracious proof?—
‘But in your chamber Launcelot was found’—
Is there a good knight then would stand aloof,
“When a queen says with gentle queenly sound:
‘O true as steel, come now and talk with me,
I love to see your step upon the ground
“‘Unwavering, also well I love to see
That gracious smile light up your face, and hear
Your wonderful words, that all mean verily
“‘The thing they seem to mean: good friend, so dear
To me in everything, come here to-night,
Or else the hours will pass most dull and drear;
“‘If you come not, I fear this time I might
Get thinking over much of times gone by,
When I was young, and green hope was in sight:
“‘For no man cares now to know why I sigh;
And no man comes to sing me pleasant songs,
Nor any brings me the sweet flowers that lie
“‘So thick in the gardens; therefore one so longs
To see you, Launcelot; that we may be
Like children once again, free from all wrongs
“‘Just for one night.’ Did he not come to me?
What thing could keep true Launcelot away
If I said, ‘Come?’ there was one less than three
“In my quiet room that night, and we were gay;
Till sudden I rose up, weak, pale, and sick,
Because a bawling broke our dream up, yea
“I looked at Launcelot’s face and could not speak,
For he looked helpless too, for a little while;
Then I remember how I tried to shriek,
“And could not, but fell down; from tile to tile
The stones they threw up rattled o’er my head
And made me dizzier; till within a while
“My maids were all about me, and my head
On Launcelot’s breast was being soothed away
From its white chattering, until Launcelot said:…
“By God!

“All I have said is truth, by Christ’s dear tears.”
She would not speak another word, but stood
Turn’d sideways; listening, like a man who hears
His brother’s trumpet sounding through the wood
Of his foes’ lances. She leaned eagerly,
And gave a slight spring sometimes, as she could
At last hear something really; joyfully
Her cheek grew crimson, as the headlong speed
Of the roan charger drew all men to see,
The knight who came was Launcelot at good need.


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Behavior
Cases of attacks on people are not yet officially known, but an adult can be helpless against such a large bird. Surprisingly, in spite of all the reports about the Piggio's habit of pecking outsiders, he cannot learn the pecking attack.


PART I. GENERALLY
§54-1 Improvement by assessment. Any other law to the contrary notwithstanding, any county may construct water systems by use of the improvement by assessment method, provided that nothing herein shall be construed to prevent any county or board of water supply from constructing the improvements with its own funds. [L 1963, c 134, §1; Supp, §138-70; HRS §54-1]


Localizing a Distribution
The resources of a distribution (welcome, read me, license, etc.) can be localized as in packages and metapackages by using .lproj directories within the Contents/Resources
directory of the distribution .mpkg. PackageMaker currently does not provide an interface to do this.
In addition to the resources, the choice title, tooltip, and description can be localized. The localized values can be stored in a Localizable.strings
file in the .lproj directories or can be specified in the distribution XML. The values can then be referenced by key. PackageMaker does provide an interface for this, which is accessible by editing a choice:
- Select the choice in the “Distribution Details” sidebar.
- Check the “Make localizable” checkbox underneath the description field. You'll notice that PackageMaker replaces the existing title, tooltip, and description with unique keys used to reference the localized values. Screenshot…
- Click the “Edit Localizations” button.
- Select the language you wish to edit. If the language does not exist, type the name of the language and press Return.
- Enter the desired title, tooltip, and description values for the selected language. Screenshot…
- To remove a localization, select it in and press the “Remove” button. PackageMaker requires there to be at least one localization.
- When finished, press the “Close” button.
PackageMaker writes the localization definition into the distribution XML rather than the Localizable.strings files. Example…
<localization> <strings language="English"> "choice0-title" = "English Title"; "choice0-tooltip" = "English Tooltip"; "choice0-description" = "English Description"; </strings> <strings language="French"> "choice0-title" = "Titre Fran\U00e7ais"; "choice0-tooltip" = "Tooltip Fran\U00e7ais"; "choice0-description" = "Description fran\U00e7aise"; </strings> </localization>
"choice0-title" = "English Title"; "choice0-tooltip" = "English Tooltip"; "choice0-description" = "English Description";


It is made up opening and closing tags. It begins every HTML code and also ends or concludes it. The HTML tag is a very important tag because it starts and ends the HTML code.
This is the part which contains the title and heading of the website. It contains most of the non-visual content that help the website function. It is also useful when linking the HTML file to the CSS file or JavaScript. You'll learn about that in the CSS and JavaScript courses. It is placed in the HTML tag.
Now this is where all the visual content of your website is being laid. Anything you want to be shown to be shown in your website is written here except things like the title. It is also placed in the body tag after the head tag.


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| {{item.dbContactNumber}} | {{item.dbFirstName}} {{item.dbLastName}} | {{item.dbCompany}} | {{item.dbPrimaryEmail}} |
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| Invoice Numbers | Balance Due |
|---|---|
| Invoice #{{invoice.dbInvoiceNumber}} | {{invoice.dbBalance | currency:'USD':true}} |


@import models.user.User @(title: String, user: Option[User] = None)(implicit lang: Lang) @main(title) { @navbar(user, Some("/labelingGuide"))
This guide is intended to help you label accessibility features and problems in Project Sidewalk. It is based on specifications from the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and related documents, and describes different accessibility problems, where and how to place labels, and how to rate severity (including ADA citations where appropriate).
You should place labels at the center of curb ramps or surface problems, and at the base of obstacles. Try to get as close as possible to an object that you are labeling. Labeling from farther away will be less accurate!
How do I know which image to label a problem from? Often, an accessibility problem is visible from multiple viewpoints (Google Streetview Images). You only need to label a problem once and you should do so from the place where it is most visible or closest (technical aside: being closer to the thing you label makes the label location more accurate). You can, of course, label problems multiple times from different viewpoints (but this takes more time and is unnecessary).
Specifically, where should I place a label on an identified accessibility feature or problem? You should place labels at the center of a curb ramp or surface problem, and at the base of an obstacle. This is both to standardize the placement and, in the case of obstacles, making sure that the location is accurate. Placing a label higher than the base of an obstacle can give very inaccurate latitude/longitude values. The left and center images show correct placement, and the right image shows incorrect placement.
What happens if a location has been updated from one viewpoint to the other? If you move from one image to another and things change (temporary obstacles like construction are removed, a curb ramp has been added or improved, etc), then label each panorama appropriately. When doing this, also click the feedback button and write a message saying what changed between the 2 panos. You do not need to label the same problem from multiple panoramas if nothing changes.


Delchi Fafach, P.E.
Project Manager
Delchi grew up on a small farm in Boulder County. His early experiences with engineering, starting at age 5 or so, included elaborate tree forts, deep tunneling excavations, and other mechanical inventions. As a high school student, he enrolled in the Building Trades program at Front Range Community College, now Boulder TEC. As a boy, he pursued service opportunities and part-time work in construction locally and in Mexico.
He enrolled in the Architectural Engineering program at CU Boulder to pursue his interest in the building industry, where he discovered a delightful interest in formal engineering sciences and applied mathematics. After graduation with a minor in math, he helped build a log cabin in Israel and then began structural engineering in Boulder. He eventually returned to CU for a master’s of science in structural engineering.
Delchi lives with his family in Lafayette, CO. His passion is to use structural engineering skills and a knowledge of construction to help other people every day. See more information about Delchi on Linked In at


Kanscience
Speaks the soul
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Deeper
Your glassy surface
Posted on December 14, 2016
Asian Roots
Red folds of wedding dress
Posted on November 12, 2016
Eat in Peace or Pieces
Pass the butter, hand the bread
Posted on October 28, 2016
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Re:friend is like omegle.com, except instead of talking with strangers anonymously, you talk with your already established friends anonymously.
Use it to re-meet your friends in a contextless setting, ask for anonymous advice, play guessing games, ask questions that you wouldn't dare to
ask publicly, establish closer bonds with your friends, discover unexpected things, or simply troll your friends. During the chat, there is a button
that allows you the option of revealing your identity to your friend. This is entirely optional and only takes effect if both friends both click to reveal.
You will know whether or not your friend has decided to reveal yet.
Also, don't worry about having your info stolen. Facebook login doesn't give me your credentials. I don't use a database, and this app was created as
a summer project to learn web coding by a whippersnapper about to make the transition into college.
So give it a try. I'd apprecate it, and I hope you enjoy it. Thanks for reading.
Bugs/feedback? Contact me at personpersonpersonperson@gmail.com


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} GOV.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} {% include "includes/userControl.html" %} Back to team members Susan Hamazaki Access to the service Choose what you allow this team member to do. View financial information Create or stop payment and view financial information Everything - they're the owner Update {% endblock %}


The Way Back
Writings on nature, permaculture, locavorism, making, and our idea of the good life
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Foraging Chaga
Last week I went foraging for chaga with my friends Cameron and Janie, in a a forest on the property of a friend of theirs in southwest Virginia. Birch trees tend to grow well here in the higher elevations, and Chaga is most commonly found on birch. Chaga is a...
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Slaughter Day + 1: Part 3, Butchering Pigs
Where we left off in my previous post on processing pigs, the pigs had been eviscerated and split and were hanging to cool overnight. This post will describe the process of butchering a pig: taking it from a side or half down to what we know of as retail cuts,...
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Slaughter Day: Part 2, Eviscerating and Splitting Pigs
In the my previous post, the first in this series, I sought to provide a detailed description of the process for humanely slaughtering, scalding, and scraping a hog. In the current post, I will endeavor to describe the next steps involved in processing pigs, covering evisceration and splitting the carcass,...
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Slaughter Day: Part 1, Slaughtering and Scalding Pigs
A month ago, Tasha and I and several friends spent a long weekend immersed in what has come to be for us an annual event - slaughering our pigs. It’s never a day we look forward to especially, but when the days grow short and the overnight temperatures dip into...
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At Rest, At Last
Happy New Year, everyone, and may 2018 be your best year yet! The second day of the new year finds Tasha and me taking it easy after what seems like a non-stop three weeks. Around the middle of December, we began preparing for our pig slaughter and all that entails...


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value: "yes",
text: "Add automatic numbers to headings",
hint: {
text: "Headings in HTML attachments are unnumbered by default."
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checked: true if attachment.numbered_headings == "yes"
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Jimmy Duong
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