--- title: "Time Series Forecasting: Error Metrics to Evaluate Model Performance" author: "Pablo Cánovas Tourné" date: '2019-09-21' slug: "energy-forecasting-error-metrics" output: blogdown::html_page: toc: TRUE toc_depth: 2 categories: - TimeSeries - Post tags: [] subtitle: '8 Forecast error metrics you should know to evaluate the accuracy of your time series models. Find metrics that are aligned with your business goals.' summary: '8 Forecast error metrics you should know to evaluate the accuracy of your time series models. Find metrics that are aligned with your business goals.' authors: [pablo-canovas] math: TRUE ---
The idea of this post comes from the different error metrics I have dealt with working with time series data and forecasting models.
Among other things, we make energy production forecasts of renewable power plants of different capacities and technologies. Our aim is to develop forecasting models that reduce the penalties caused by the deviations.
Most of the models I work with are regression models, and therefore in this article I am focusing only on regression error metrics.
Unfortunately, there is no absolute “right” accuracy metric. Choosing the right metric is a problem-specific matter, and it involves answering questions like:
Answering the above questions lead us to determine we need to find a metric that:
Each metric behaves in a certain way and therefore reflects in a unique manner the features of the models. Depending on their properties, we can classify the metrics in several categories. Let’s take a look at them:
Maybe the most popular and simple error metric is MAE:
The Mean Absolute Error is defined as:
\[ MAE = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{t=1}^{N} |A_t - F_t| \]
While the MAE is easily interpretable (each residual contributes proportionally to the total amount of error), one could argue that using the sum of the residuals is not the best choice, as we could want to highlight especially whether the model incur in some large errors.
For those cases, maybe MSE (Mean Squared Error) or RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) are a better choice. Here the error grows quadratically and therefore extreme values penalize the metric to a greater extent.
\[ MSE = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} |A_t - F_t|^2 \]
\[ RMSE = \sqrt{MSE} \]
The main problem with scale dependent metrics is that they are not suitable to compare errors from different sources.
In our case, the capacity of the power plants would determine the magnitude of the errors and therefore comparing them between facilities would not make much sense. This is something we should try to avoid when choosing the metric.
Next group express the error in percentage terms.
The most widespread one is the Mean Absolute Percentage Error:
\[ MAPE_\% = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{t=1}^{N} \frac{|A_t - F_t|}{A_t} \times 100\]
As we said above, depending on our goal, MAPE could be suitable or not. From my point of view percentage error metrics have some major drawbacks. They may give different values for two observations with the same absolute error, depending on whether they share the same actual value or not:
| Case | Actual | Forecast | AbsoluteDifference | MAPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 150 | 50 | 50 |
| 2 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 33 |
Besides, MAPE diverges when actual values tend to zero. In our case it is impractical, as this could lead to extreme cases such as:
| Case | Actual | Forecast | AbsoluteDifference | MAPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 1 | 11 | 10 | 1000 |
That is an undesired behaviour for an error metric since we don’t want to assign huge errors to deviations that involve insignificant operating costs. That suggests a first strong conclusion:
We need to find error metrics that are aligned with our business goals.
Besides, in the example above we can see that MAPE isn’t symmetric as it weights differently two residuals whether the forecast is above or below the actual value. That idea of symmetry lead us to sMAPE.
Trying to solve that assymetry, an alternative to MAPE was proposed. It is called sMAPE, which stands for Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error:
\[ sMAPE_\% = \frac{2}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N}\frac{|A_t - F_t|}{|A_t| + |F_t|} \times 100\]
However, against all odds Symmetric MAPE is not symmetric: as MAPE, it may present different values for the same absolute deviation:
| Case | Actual | Forecast | AbsoluteDifference | sMAPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 150 | 50 | 20 |
| 2 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 33 |
For our use case it is very inconvenient that the same absolute deviation may be quantified with two different error values.
This is a key question: We don’t want to minimize the percentage error but to minimize the economic losses due to forecast deviations, and they are exclusively connected to the sum of the absolute errors. Therefore, we should evaluate the accuracy based on that criteria.
As a final point, simply mention that some others have proposed the Log Ratio \(ln(F_t/A_t)\) as a better alternative to MAPE. You can read a brief description in the previously mentioned sMAPE article or an extended discussion in the original paper by Chris Tofallis
These are error metrics that have been conveniently normalized to make them dimensionless.
The main advantages of these metrics are:
First of all we have NMAE that stands for Normalized Mean Absolute Error. This metric is specific to the energy forecasting business as it is normalized by the capacity C of the power plant, but one could generalize it to any other area provided that there exist an upper bound for the forecasts.
NMAE is expressed as a percentage. It is our preferred metric as it is truly connected with the business goals, it’s easily interpretable and comparable between plants.
\[ NMAE_\% = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{t=1}^{N} \frac{|A_t - F_t|}{C} \times 100\]
Besides, it shows the desirable property:
\[ NMAE_{p1 ∪ p2} = \frac{1}{2}(NMAE_{p1} + NMAE_{p2})\] Given both periods have the same length. If not (e.g: consecutive months), you would only have to adjust by their relative length.
The real-life cost of a forecast error is proportional to the absolute value of the residuals.
The only case when this metric does not apply is whenever the capacity notion has no sense: If the range of the possible values is not bounded, what normalizing constant should I choose?
This would be the case when forecasting temperatures or electricity market prices. Using MAE could be appropiate in these cases, as the units are in the same scale than the magnitude (ºC or €/MWh) and so the errors are easily interpretable, although they would not be truly comparable across different markets or locations.
In energy-related businesses, I have spotted another error metric usually (and, as far as I know, wrongly) called WMAE. Now, WMAE should stand for “Weighted Mean Average Error”. However, the definition I stumbled upon several times was: \[ \frac{1}{N}\frac{ \sum_{t=1}^{N}{|A_t - F_t|}}{\sum_{t=1}^{N}{A_t}} \times 100\]
which is basically the MAE normalized by acummulated energy production.
It resembles MAD/Mean Ratio:
\[ MAD/Mean Ratio_\% = \frac{1}{N}\frac{ \sum_{t=1}^{N}{|A_t - F_t|}}{\frac{1}{N}\sum_{t=1}^{N}{A_t}} \times 100\]
From my point of view, and as an analogy of the MAD/Mean Ratio, the first expression should be called MAD/Sum Ratio. Their properties are similar:
For all those reasons, we insist on the idea that they are kind of disconnected from our loss function.
There are other scale-free metrics. One of them is MASE (Mean Absolute Scaled Error), proposed by Rob J. Hyndman:
\[ MASE =\frac{\frac{1}{J} \sum_j |A_j - F_j|} {\frac{1}{T-1}\sum_{t=2}^T |A_{t}-A_{t-1}|} \]
where the numerator is the error in the forecast period and the denominator is the MAE of the one-step “naive forecast method” on the training set, that is \(F_t = A_{t-1}\). Because of that, MASE is a metric specifically designed for time series.
Again, whether it is suitable for your needs or not depends entirely on the problem. While it has certain interesting properties such as scale-independence, convergence when \(A_t\to0\) and symmetry, in our case this metric isn’t optimal for several reasons:
I found yet another scale-free error metric in a recent paper from the Energy Department of the Politecnico di Milano.
They called it EMAE (Envelope-weighted Mean Absolute Error):
\[ EMAE_\% = \frac{1}{N}\frac{ \sum_{t=1}^{N}{|A_t - F_t|}}{\sum_{t=1}^{N}{\max(A_t, F_t)}} \times 100\]
This metric is quite similar to the MAD/Sum Ratio above but divides by the sum of the maximum between the forecast and the measured power for each observation. It is also expressed as a percentage. This function shows some nice properties:
This formula allows for a cool graphic interpretation of the error: the numerator matchs with the yellow area whereas the denominator corresponds to the sum of the blue and yellow areas:
There is no “best metric” to measure model performance. There are several metrics that highlight different characteristics.
One key aspect is to find error metrics that are connected with our objectives.
Since in most cases the real-life cost of a forecast error is proportional to the absolute value of the residuals, the choice of the metric should be consistent with it.
For our case, NMAE presents the ideal characteristics of interpretability, stability and relation with our loss function that make it the optimal choice.
EMAE is proposed as a nice alternative for the cases NMAE cannot be applied.


PSG vs Lille: Kylian Mbappe misses out but Neymar goes straight into the starting XI
by Tom McNeilIt looks almost certain that PSG will finish top of their Champions League group, so next week’s trip to Madrid to face Real could be an interesting game to watch.
The Parisians have often looked vulnerable on the road in Europe so they will want to get a good result to give them belief in the future. Most of the players have moved on, but the dramatic 6-1 defeat to Barcelona will still leaves scars at the club.
READ MORE: Gerard Pique may miss Barcelona vs Leganes due to business interests
In a way it’s ironic that the Barcelona star from that night is now leading the charge for PSG as they look for European success. Neymar has been injured for a few weeks so you might think that he would be used sparingly tonight to keep him fresh for Madrid.
The opposite is true, as he’s been thrown straight back into the starting line up to face Lille:
It’s also interesting to see that Icardi starts instead of Cavani up front. The Argentine has really found form in the past few weeks and it’s starting to look like Cavani’s days at the club could be numbered. A move to MLS has been mooted, and it would make sense at this point.
The big absence from the team is Kylian Mbappe. He’s been heavily linked with a move to Real Madrid so it would’ve been great to see him play at The Bernabeu next week, but he looks set for a spell on the sidelines.
Neymar was the hero for PSG the last time he returned from injury, they would happily settle for another decisive contribution from their star man tonight.


The texture_wave_field macro applies a texture with a moving wave function in the alpha channel to a field.
Input Ports
Name Type Description in_fld Field Data that is to be textured. in_image Image_ARGB Image that is to be used for texturing. Parameters
The texture_wave_field macro does not have any parameters of its own. Please see the texture_wave documentation for a full description of the parameters of that macro.
Output Ports
Name Type Description out_fld Field Field data with generated UV coordinates. out_image Image_ARGB Image with generated pulse function. out_obj GDobject Directly renderable output object with alpha blended texture mapping.
The texture_wave_field macro generates a pulse-wave function in the alpha channel of an existing ARGB image field and applies it to the input field data. It does this by combining two macros. The texture_wave macro is used to generate a pulse-wave function and insert it into the alpha channel of an existing image. The Scalar2Texture macro is used to generate UV coordinate data from scalar node data and apply the generated texture to the input field data. This results in three outputs; the image with generated pulse-wave function, the field data with generated UV coordinate data and a renderable GDobject that contains the field data and texture image. The renderable GDobject is the output that should normally be used.
By using this module to apply an alpha blended texture to existing field data a number of very interesting visualizations can be seen that cannot be easily achieved by other means. Animating the textures can lead to further visualizations. However it should be noted that animating textures on complex fields is a graphically intensive task and for decent results good hardware texture-mapping support is essential.
A conference paper fully describing this technique can be obtained by contacting Ian Curington; the original author of this project.
in_fld
Input field data that is be to be textured. The field data should contain a mesh and one component of scalar node data. The node data is to generate UV texture coordinates so that the field can be correctly textured. If other node data components are present they will be ignored.
in_image : Image_ARGB
Original image data that is to be used as the basis of the pulse-wave image. The field data should contain a 2D structured mesh with a 4 byte vector of node data containing the Alpha, Red, Green and Blue components of the image. This is the field format output by modules such as read_image. Any data present in the alpha channel is completely replaced by the generated wave function.
The texture_wave_field macro does not make use of any parameters. A full description of all the texture_wave parameters can be found in the documentation for that module.
out_fld
Output field containing the input mesh data and the generated node data containing UV texture coordinates. This output does not contain the generated texture data.
out_image : Image_ARGB
Output image containing the texture image with the generated pulse-wave stored in the alpha channel. The image is output as a field with a 2D structured mesh and a 4 byte vector of node data containing the ARGB components of the image.
out_obj
GDobject that contains the field data and the generated texture image. This output is suitable for direct connection to the viewer. As alpha blending is enabled for this GDobject the effect of the pulse wave function should be visible.
The texture_wave_field user macro uses the texture_wave and Scalar2Texture user macros.
The project includes two example applications that demonstrates the use of the texture_wave_field macro. The TextureWaveEg3 application uses the texture_wave_field macro to apply a texture to a dataset representing Mt. Helens. The texture pulses should be visible as strips of colour. The animation facility can be used to move these strips of colour. The TextureWaveEg4 application loads a dataset representing the air movement in a room, generates streamlines and uses the texture_wave_field macro to apply texturing to the streamlines.
It should be noted that both of these examples use complex datasets and hence the rendering performance is likely to be low unless good hardware texturing support is available
xp_comm_proj/twave/tw_mods.v contains the V definitions of the TextureWaveCore module and the TextureWaveParams parameter block.
xp_comm_proj/twave/tw_macs.v contains the V definitions of the TextureWaveUI UI macro, the TextureWaveFunc functional macro and the texture_wave and texture_wave_field user macros.
xp_comm_proj/twave/tw_apps.v contains the V definitions of the TextureWaveEg1, TextureWaveEg2, TextureWaveEg3 and TextureWaveEg4 example applications.
The texture_wave_field user macro and example applications rely on the successful installation of the following component. Without them it will not function correctly. All other macros in this project will function correctly.
The low-level TextureWaveMods library containing the low-level TextureWaveCore module does not specify a process. By default the express process will be used.
Ian Curington<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Advanced Visual Systems, Inc.
Andrew Dodd, International AVS Centre


Game Repository
About Us
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Description
Break-Damn!
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Go game!
Play!
Description
Basic Controls
About Us
Hi there! I'm Carmen Serr, student of the Complutense university of Madrid.
Game Repository
Github


Software Engineer
I graduated as a Software Engineer from ZarqIa'a University, I aspire to become a professional Software developer
Electrical Engineer
I graduated as an Electrical Engineer from Jordan University of Science and Technology, I am looking forward to become a programmer.
I study at Luminus Technical University College, I aspire to be a highly experienced and professional website developer.
Computer Science
I graduated as a Computer Science from Amman Arab University, I am looking forward to becoming a professional web developer.
Industrial Engineering
I graduated as a Industrial Engineering fromKing Saud University, I aspire to become a professional web developer.
Biotechnology
I graduated as a Biotechnology from Hashemit University, I aspire to become a professional software and web developer.


--- layout: base --- {% comment %} Get all videos in this collection. {% endcomment %} {% assign videos = site[page.collection] %} {% comment %} Find this video's series. {% endcomment %} {% include 1-tools/series-for-video.html video=page %} {% assign series = out_series %} {% comment %} Sort videos and get previous/next videos. {% endcomment %} {% include 1-tools/sort-videos.html videos=videos seriesPage=series %} {% include 1-tools/previous-next.html videos=out_sortedVideos currentVideo=page %} {% comment %} Find this video's course (may be null). {% endcomment %} {% include 1-tools/series-for-video.html video=series %} {% assign course = out_series %}
You can also add your own version! (See how)
{% else %}It seems like there haven't been made any variations based on this {{ page.video_type | downcase }} by the community yet. Be the first and add your own! If you don't know how, take a look at this guide.
{% endif %}


| SPARK-12655 |
GraphX does not unpersist RDDs |
Minor |
GraphX |
Alexander Pivovarov |
Jason C Lee |
| SPARK-13023 |
Check for presence of 'root' module after computing test_modules, not changed_modules |
Major |
Project Infra |
Josh Rosen |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-13444 |
QuantileDiscretizer chooses bad splits on large DataFrames |
Major |
MLlib |
Oliver Pierson |
Oliver Pierson |
| SPARK-12941 |
Spark-SQL JDBC Oracle dialect fails to map string datatypes to Oracle VARCHAR datatype |
Major |
Spark Core |
Jose Martinez Poblete |
Thomas Sebastian |
| SPARK-13522 |
Executor should kill itself when it's unable to heartbeat to the driver more than N times |
Major |
Spark Core |
Shixiong Zhu |
Shixiong Zhu |
| SPARK-13652 |
TransportClient.sendRpcSync returns wrong results |
Major |
. |
huangyu |
Shixiong Zhu |
| SPARK-13697 |
TransformFunctionSerializer.loads doesn't restore the function's module name if it's '__main__' |
Major |
PySpark |
Shixiong Zhu |
Shixiong Zhu |
| SPARK-13705 |
UpdateStateByKey Operation documentation incorrectly refers to StatefulNetworkWordCount |
Trivial |
Documentation |
Rishi |
Rishi |
| SPARK-13648 |
org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.VersionsSuite fails NoClassDefFoundError on IBM JDK |
Minor |
SQL |
Tim Preece |
Tim Preece |
| SPARK-13711 |
Apache Spark driver stopping JVM when master not available |
Major |
Spark Core |
Era |
Shixiong Zhu |
| SPARK-13755 |
Escape quotes in SQL plan visualization node labels |
Major |
SQL |
Josh Rosen |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-13631 |
getPreferredLocations race condition in spark 1.6.0? |
Major |
Scheduler |
Andy Sloane |
Andy Sloane |
| SPARK-13242 |
Moderately complex when expression causes code generation failure |
Major |
SQL |
Joe Halliwell |
Davies Liu |
| SPARK-13327 |
colnames()<- allows invalid column names |
Major |
SparkR |
Oscar D. Lara Yejas |
Oscar D. Lara Yejas |
| SPARK-13207 |
_SUCCESS should not break partition discovery |
Major |
SQL |
Yin Huai |
Yin Huai |
| SPARK-13803 |
Standalone master does not balance cluster-mode drivers across workers |
Major |
Deploy, Spark Core |
Brian Wongchaowart |
Nan Zhu |
| SPARK-13642 |
Properly handle signal kill of ApplicationMaster |
Major |
YARN |
Saisai Shao |
Saisai Shao |
| SPARK-13901 |
We get wrong logdebug information when jump to the next locality level. |
Trivial |
Scheduler, Spark Core |
yaoyin |
yaoyin |
| SPARK-13958 |
Executor OOM due to unbounded growth of pointer array in Sorter |
Major |
Shuffle, Spark Core |
Sital Kedia |
Sital Kedia |
| SPARK-13772 |
DataType mismatch about decimal |
Major |
SQL |
cen yuhai |
cen yuhai |
| SPARK-14006 |
Builds of 1.6 branch fail R style check |
Major |
SparkR, Tests |
Yin Huai |
Sun Rui |
| SPARK-13806 |
SQL round() produces incorrect results for negative values |
Major |
SQL |
Mark Hamstra |
Davies Liu |
| SPARK-14074 |
Use fixed version of install_github in SparkR build |
Minor |
Build, SparkR |
Xiangrui Meng |
Sun Rui |
| SPARK-14187 |
Incorrect use of binarysearch in SparseMatrix |
Minor |
MLlib |
Chenliang Xu |
Chenliang Xu |
| SPARK-13622 |
Issue creating level db file for YARN shuffle service if URI is used in yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs |
Minor |
YARN |
Nicolas Fraison |
Nicolas Fraison |
| SPARK-14219 |
Fix pickRandomVertex not to fall into infinite loops for graphs with one vertex |
Major |
GraphX |
Dongjoon Hyun |
Dongjoon Hyun |
| SPARK-14232 |
Event timeline on job page doesn't show if an executor is removed with multiple line reason |
Minor |
Web UI |
Carson Wang |
Carson Wang |
| SPARK-11507 |
Error thrown when using BlockMatrix.add |
Minor |
MLlib |
Kareem Alhazred |
yuhao yang |
| SPARK-11327 |
spark-dispatcher doesn't pass along some spark properties |
Major |
Mesos |
Alan Braithwaite |
Jo Voordeckers |
| SPARK-13845 |
BlockStatus and StreamBlockId keep on growing result driver OOM |
Major |
Spark Core |
jeanlyn |
jeanlyn |
| SPARK-14138 |
Generated SpecificColumnarIterator code can exceed JVM size limit for cached DataFrames |
Major |
SQL |
Sven Krasser |
Kazuaki Ishizaki |
| SPARK-14368 |
Support python.spark.worker.memory with upper-case unit |
Trivial |
PySpark |
Masahiro Tanaka |
Yong Tang |
| SPARK-14243 |
updatedBlockStatuses does not update correctly when removing blocks |
Major |
Spark Core |
jeanlyn |
jeanlyn |
| SPARK-14322 |
Use treeAggregate instead of reduce in OnlineLDAOptimizer |
Major |
ML, MLlib |
Joseph K. Bradley |
yuhao yang |
| SPARK-14468 |
Always enable OutputCommitCoordinator |
Major |
Spark Core |
Andrew Or |
Andrew Or |
| SPARK-14454 |
Better exception handling while marking tasks as failed |
Major |
Spark Core |
Sameer Agarwal |
Sameer Agarwal |
| SPARK-14357 |
Tasks that fail due to CommitDeniedException (a side-effect of speculation) can cause job failure |
Critical |
Spark Core |
Jason Moore |
Jason Moore |
| SPARK-13352 |
BlockFetch does not scale well on large block |
Critical |
Block Manager, Spark Core |
Davies Liu |
Zhang, Liye |
| SPARK-14298 |
LDA should support disable checkpoint |
Minor |
ML, MLlib |
Yanbo Liang |
Yanbo Liang |
| SPARK-14563 |
SQLTransformer.transformSchema is not implemented correctly |
Major |
ML |
Xiangrui Meng |
Xiangrui Meng |
| SPARK-14363 |
Executor OOM due to a memory leak in Sorter |
Major |
Shuffle |
Sital Kedia |
Sital Kedia |
| SPARK-14665 |
PySpark StopWordsRemover default stopwords are Java object |
Minor |
ML, PySpark |
Joseph K. Bradley |
Joseph K. Bradley |
| SPARK-13227 |
Risky apply() in OpenHashMap |
Minor |
Spark Core |
Nan Zhu |
Nan Zhu |
| SPARK-14679 |
UI DAG visualization causes OOM generating data |
Major |
Web UI |
Ryan Blue |
Ryan Blue |
| SPARK-14739 |
Vectors.parse doesn't handle dense vectors of size 0 and sparse vectors with no indices |
Major |
MLlib, PySpark |
Maciej Szymkiewicz |
Arash Parsa |
| SPARK-14159 |
StringIndexerModel sets output column metadata incorrectly |
Minor |
ML |
Joseph K. Bradley |
Joseph K. Bradley |
| SPARK-14671 |
Pipeline.setStages needs to handle Array non-covariance |
Minor |
ML |
Joseph K. Bradley |
Joseph K. Bradley |
| SPARK-14965 |
StructType throws exception for missing field |
Minor |
SQL |
Gregory Hart |
Gregory Hart |
| SPARK-14757 |
Incorrect behavior of Join operation in Spqrk SQL JOIN : "false" in the left table is joined to "null" on the right table |
Major |
SQL |
HUANG Hong |
Reynold Xin |
| SPARK-14915 |
Tasks that fail due to CommitDeniedException (a side-effect of speculation) can cause job to never complete |
Critical |
. |
Jason Moore |
Jason Moore |
| SPARK-13566 |
Deadlock between MemoryStore and BlockManager |
Major |
Block Manager, Spark Core |
cen yuhai |
cen yuhai |
| SPARK-15209 |
Web UI's timeline visualizations fails to render if descriptions contain single quotes |
Major |
Web UI |
Josh Rosen |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-14495 |
Distinct aggregation cannot be used in the having clause |
Major |
SQL |
Yin Huai |
Xin Wu |
| SPARK-15260 |
UnifiedMemoryManager could be in bad state if any exception happen while evicting blocks |
Major |
Spark Core |
Davies Liu |
Andrew Or |
| SPARK-15262 |
race condition in killing an executor and reregistering an executor |
Major |
Spark Core |
Shixiong Zhu |
Andrew Or |
| SPARK-15165 |
Codegen can break because toCommentSafeString is not actually safe |
Blocker |
SQL |
Kousuke Saruta |
Kousuke Saruta |
| SPARK-14261 |
Memory leak in Spark Thrift Server |
Major |
Spark Core |
Xiaochun Liang |
Oleg Danilov |
| SPARK-10722 |
Uncaught exception: RDDBlockId not found in driver-heartbeater |
Major |
Block Manager |
Simeon Simeonov |
Simon Scott |
| SPARK-8428 |
TimSort Comparison method violates its general contract with CLUSTER BY |
Major |
SQL |
Nathan McCarthy |
Sameer Agarwal |
| SPARK-15528 |
conv function returns inconsistent result for the same data |
Major |
SQL |
Lior Regev |
Takeshi Yamamuro |
| SPARK-15601 |
CircularBuffer's toString() to print only the contents written if buffer isn't full |
Minor |
Spark Core |
Tejas Patil |
Tejas Patil |
| SPARK-14204 |
[SQL] Failure to register URL-derived JDBC driver on executors in cluster mode |
Major |
SQL |
Kevin McHale |
Kevin McHale |
| SPARK-15736 |
Gracefully handle loss of DiskStore files |
Major |
Block Manager |
Josh Rosen |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-15754 |
org.apache.spark.deploy.yarn.Client changes the credential of current user |
Critical |
. |
Subroto Sanyal |
Subroto Sanyal |
| SPARK-12712 |
test-dependencies.sh script fails when run against empty .m2 cache |
Major |
Project Infra |
Stavros Kontopoulos |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-13850 |
TimSort Comparison method violates its general contract |
Major |
Shuffle |
Sital Kedia |
Sameer Agarwal |
| SPARK-15975 |
Improper Popen.wait() return code handling in dev/run-tests |
Major |
Project Infra |
Josh Rosen |
Josh Rosen |
| SPARK-16017 |
YarnClientSchedulerBackend now registers backends as IPs instead of Hostnames which causes all tasks to run with RACK_LOCAL locality. |
Critical |
Spark Core |
Trystan Leftwich |
Shixiong Zhu |
| SPARK-15892 |
Incorrectly merged AFTAggregator with zero total count |
Major |
Examples, ML, PySpark |
Joseph K. Bradley |
Hyukjin Kwon |
| SPARK-16035 |
The SparseVector parser fails checking for valid end parenthesis |
Minor |
MLlib, PySpark |
Andrea Pasqua |
Andrea Pasqua |
| SPARK-16086 |
Python UDF failed when there is no arguments |
Major |
PySpark, SQL |
Davies Liu |
Davies Liu |
| SPARK-11301 |
filter on partitioned column is case sensitive even the context is case insensitive |
Major |
SQL |
Wenchen Fan |
Wenchen Fan |


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On iterators, generators and cold-blooded creatures, or how to feed your pythons in Python
06 Aug 2018
Disclaimer: All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real pythons, living or dead, is purely coincidental. This is a very informal treatment of iterator and generator concepts in the Python language. I will be glad to hear any suggestions on how to make the metaphors used here more vivid and precise. Meanwhile, if you need to dive deeper I recommend checking this Datacamp article. Now we are ready, let’s begin!
Imagine you are a sales manager at Parch and Posey.
 Every morning you need to manually feed them: pull every python out of the aquarium, give food to it, and put it back.
How messy this tedious process can become sometimes! In Python it would look similar to this:
Now, imagine what would happen if you had 100 pythons! It would be extremely time consuming to look after each animal. If you by mistake confuse the indices, some sneaky creatures can get double servings, while others will get none:
Luckily for you, there is a mechanism built into your aquarium, which can give you one python at a time, so you don’t have to manually sort them out. This mechanism is called the for-loop. There is a catch, though. Have you ever seen how five snakes in one aquarium can look like?
That twisted and convoluted bunch is not so easy to handle, and that’s why you should explicitly tell your mechanism how exactly it should disentangle these lovely creatures. This is what the method next does. It specifies how to pick the next python you are going to feed. The iter method just returns the aquarium and, in our case, initializes some starting variables. You need to disassemble the aquarium and insert these two methods into it. Your shiny upgraded aquarium will have a new look:
Congratulations, you have just made your own iterable and iterator! In this case the aquarium is both iterable and iterator because it can iterate over itself. Now you can iterate over all your pythons with just simple two lines of code, saving yourself a lot of time and space, and be sure that no python will remain hungry:
However, the previous solution looks rather complicated. You have to go to the aquarium internals and tweak them to serve your purpose.  He is an English major and he does not want to get all technical. If the mechanism breaks, he won’t be able to fix it, so your pythons are in danger!
Thank goodness, there is a special type of the iterator mechanism that is called generator, which can be used quite easily. You don’t need to internally modify your aquarium, you can just add some simple extension to it. This extension will help you to feed one python at a time and will take all the burden of remembering which pythons are still hungry and which are not. This aquarium generator extension can look like this:
The yield keyword is an essential part of any generator. It ‘freezes’ the generator’s internal state, so everytime you call the generator, it gives you the next python to feed. The generator can be used in the for-loop as well:


{% comment %} This file shows all used categories by posts - category without post will not show One post could have multiple categories This file could be called with parameter type. This type determines which category collection will be used for categories. {% endcomment %}


Vimeo Player API Demo
Clear Log
Message Log
Methods
Play
Pause
Unload Video
Load Video
Add Cue Point
Setters
Loop
Autopause
Color
Random
Default
Current Time
Set Current Time
Set Playback Rate
Text Tracks
None
Volume
Mute
Unmute
Getters
Autopause
Buffered
Color
Cue Points
Chapters
Current Chapter
Current Time
Duration
Embed Code
Ended
Loop
Muted
Paused
Played
Playback Rate
Seekable
Seeking
Text Tracks
Title
URL
Video Width
Video Height
Volume
Event Listeners
play
pause
ended
timeupdate
progress
seeking
seeked
volumechange
texttrackchange
cuechange
chapterchange
error
loaded
cuepoint
playbackratechange
bufferstart
bufferend
fullscreenchange
loadedmetadata
loadeddata
loadstart
durationchange
waiting


Uses of Interface
com.restfb.types.features.HasCreatedTime
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.restfb.types |
Default implementations of Facebook
Graph API Objects.
|
| com.restfb.types.ads |
Special types to interact with the Facebook Marketing
API.
|
-
Uses of HasCreatedTime in com.restfb.types
-
Uses of HasCreatedTime in com.restfb.types.ads
Classes in com.restfb.types.ads that implement HasCreatedTime Modifier and Type Class Description class
Ad
class
AdAccount
Represents the AdGroup Account Type.class
AdCampaignGroup
Deprecated.use {@see Campaign} insteadclass
AdGroup
Deprecated.useAd
insteadclass
AdImage
Represents the AdGroup Image typeclass
AdLabel
Represents the AdGroup Label type .class
AdSet
Represents the AdGroup Set type.class
AdStudy
class
Campaign
Represents the Campaign Marketing API typeclass
Lead
class
LeadgenForm
class
ProductFeed
Represents the Product Feed typeclass
UserPermission


Morris.js is a jQuery based charting plugin created by Olly Smith. In SB Admin, we are using the most recent version of Morris.js which includes the resize function, which makes the charts fully responsive. The documentation for Morris.js is available on their website, http://morrisjs.github.io/morris.js/.
View Morris.js Documentation


Red Basketball
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
Description
A red shoe with a rubber sole and some laces. It’s made from the highest quality fabric and rubber. Sold as a single shoe.
Reviews
testUsername
I bought this shoe and I really like it.
otherUsername
It didn't really fit


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The scripture was so powerful and important that it was deemed salable, so it was necessary to sanitize it for public consumption and ensure that nothing was changed from the original text. [G|D]
The seafarer had been travelling for months across the unforgiving ocean, so when he finally arrived on shore, he had to scrub off the layers of salt and grime that had built up from the savage sea. [G|D]
The seigneur had earned himself the right to use a special sealant on the seta of his prized possessions, ensuring that his family's legacy would remain intact for years to come. [G|D]
To maintain the sheen of his prized possessions, he had to use a special solvent very sparingly and only when absolutely necessary, so as to remain sober and clear-headed. [G|D]


That video actually made me feel a lot better about getting to DevBootCamp. That last couple of days have been a little stressful for me. Trying to finish Week One in one and a half days on little sleep has been rough on me, but the fear that I have been feeling is exactly what Shereef talked about in the video. I am worried that tomorrow someone is going to look at my half-baked blog and say, this person doesn't belong here, it looks like he barely knows CSS at all. Which is true, because I do. But I am learning it, and I am honestly excited to keep learning it, and to get that comfortable feeling that comes from understanding the basics well enough to innovate with them and make something really fun. Learning something new always comes with anxieties, this happens to be a program where I feel like there a ton of expectations on me already and that can be scary. But it's a long process and we are just beginning it together, and it is going to be fun.


There are lots of different kinds of fruit - there are over 500 varieties of banana alone. By the time we add the countless types of apples, oranges, and other well-known fruit, we are faced with thousands of choices. One of the most interesting aspects of fruit is the variety available in each country. I live near London, in an area which is known for its apples. When traveling in Asia, I was struck by how many different kinds of banana were available - many of which had unique flavors and which were only available within a small region. And, of course, there are fruits which are truly unique - I am put in mind of the durian, which is widely consumed in SE Asia and is known as the "king of fruits." The durian is largely unknown in Europe and the USA - if it is known at all, it is for the overwhelming smell, which is compared to a combination of almonds, rotten onions and gym socks.


sphinx.ext.intersphinx
– Link to other projects’ documentation¶
New in version 0.5.
This extension can generate automatic links to the documentation of objects in other projects.
Usage is simple: whenever Sphinx encounters a cross-reference that has no
matching target in the current documentation set, it looks for targets in the
documentation sets configured in :confval:`intersphinx_mapping`. A reference
like :py:class:`zipfile.ZipFile`
can then link to the Python documentation
for the ZipFile class, without you having to specify where it is located
exactly.
When using the “new” format (see below), you can even force lookup in a foreign
set by prefixing the link target appropriately. A link like :ref:`comparison
manual <python:comparisons>`
will then link to the label “comparisons” in the
doc set “python”, if it exists.
Behind the scenes, this works as follows:
- Each Sphinx HTML build creates a file named
objects.inv
that contains a mapping from object names to URIs relative to the HTML set’s root. - Projects using the Intersphinx extension can specify the location of such mapping files in the :confval:`intersphinx_mapping` config value. The mapping will then be used to resolve otherwise missing references to objects into links to the other documentation.
- By default, the mapping file is assumed to be at the same location as the rest of the documentation; however, the location of the mapping file can also be specified individually, e.g. if the docs should be buildable without Internet access.
To use intersphinx linking, add 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx'
to your
:confval:`extensions` config value, and use these new config values to activate
linking:


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Ok Seattle folks. Where should I go for dinner with my family tonight? Any suggestions? @tenderlove @SoManyHs @drbrain @marythought
7/14/2017, 8:34:57 AM
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Ok Seattle folks. Where should I go for dinner with my family tonight? Any suggestions? @tenderlove @SoManyHs @drbrain @marythought
7/14/2017, 8:34:57 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


-
- Basic info.
- personal information: Jiang Shaobo / M / 26
- Education experience: Bachelor degree / Department of computer science, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology
- English level: CET-4
- Blog: www.whatled.com
- GitHub: www.github.com/sxyseo
-
- Experience.
Shenzhen City, MapGis（2016.5 - present）
-
Job: Java Development Project Engineer
Department: Development Department
Department technology leader, full stack engineer, mainly for project management, framework building, business interface development, data binding, visual development, code review and merger, technology selection, framework improvement, demand refinement, plan implementation and so on.
Dongguan City, Yu Ye photoelectric Co Ltd（2013.6 - 2015.8）
-
Job: Project Engineer
Department: Development Department
It is responsible for the evaluation of the new project, the plan design of the project, the optimization of the program debugging, the communication and cooperation of the members of the Department and so on.
Chinasoft International(ICS&S)（2012.6 - 2012.7）
-
Job: project leader
Department: Project Department
As a team leader, under the Linux system, C++ is used to develop stock trading system on QT platform and Oracle database, which is responsible for project implementation and progress control, as well as the completion of K-line module in stock system. The project is successfully completed and achieved excellent results.
Project experience
-
A geographical information system of land tax (2017.9 - present)
Project description:
It is mainly based on the analysis of tax information and information mining based on GIS.
Responsibility description:
The person in charge of the project, mainly responsible for project management, before and after the end of development, data analysis, team communication, solve the technical difficulties, to set up the project framework, back-end framework for SSM Oracle database, the front end separation development, based on Openlayers, Echarts on tax, analysis and management of taxpayers and other related businesses, and report development etc.. Use Teambition for project management, Nginx, Docker, Jenkins continuous integration, etc.
-
A social management system (2017.6 - 2017.9)
Project description:
It is mainly based on the information management of buildings in the area based on GIS.
Responsibility description:
The project leader is mainly responsible for the construction of the project framework, the development of the back-end interface, the development of the front-end GIS business, the management of the buildings based on Openlayers, the analysis of the buildings in the area, and the query and analysis of building information by Solr.
-
A social management system (2016.5 - 2017.6)
Project description:
Mainly based on GIS and information technology for the management of social resources, online work, prevention and control, and so on.
Responsibility description:
The early stage is mainly involved in the development of the Java interface, the implementation of the front-end page, and the data binding. Later take over projects are mainly responsible for the improvement of SSM framework, Bug repair, system security protection, code review and merger, new technology exploration and attempt, framework improvement and interface development. Familiar with Java, JavaScript, and Oracle and Linux servers.
-
Project Engineer（2013.6 - 2015.8）
Project description:
Mainly to project evaluation, project design, project schedule arrangement and management.
Responsibility description:
Mainly responsible for the evaluation of new projects, project planning, project design, program debugging, project management and so on.
-
Housing management system of Economic Development Zone（2012.12 - 2013.6）
Project description:
Economic Development Zone housing management system, online management to the industrial park enterprises.
The system provides for rent on the settled enterprises, utilities such as online management. Monthly annual financial chart, and housing information visualization.
Responsibility description:
Project leader, responsible for the implementation of the project plan for Economic Development Zone housing management system, etc.. Mainly responsible for the development of the front end Web system.
-
Enterprise staff information management system（2011.9 - 2011.11）
Project description:
As project leader, employee information management system development team was named outstanding project team.
Responsibility description:
Project team leader, mainly responsible for the division of project members, project planning and implementation.
-
Maintenance and management of blog（2011.3 - present） Details
Project description:
March 2011 to build an independent blog Www.WhatLed.Com
More than 6 years of independent blog, mainly about Web development related technology sharing, about IP1200 per day.
Love the open source, love new technologies, and later focus on sharing full stack development, GIS development, project management, TenorFlow and other deep learning frameworks and large data visualization related technologies.
Responsibility description:
Operation and maintenance, Toss more than life.
-
The development of enterprise website（2010.10 - 2013.5）
Project description:
Mainly on the development and maintenance of the official website of the enterprise
Responsibility description:
Based on the open source CMS to build an official website for corporate websites. Mainly based on Dedecms, Empire CMS, Discuz, Wordpress and other procedures for the development of the two.
-
The deployment and key technology of IPv6 protocol in campus network（2010.10 - 2013.5） Details
Project description:
The deployment of IPv6 protocol in campus network and its key technologies in the 10 phase of the 2011 "laboratory research and exploration"
For details http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSY201110021.htm
Responsibility description:
Project members, to understand the IPv6 protocol, and IPv6 in the University of the deployment of the program.
-
- Skill.
Web back-end
-
Environment
Familiar with Java development
Familiar with Spring, Spring, Boot, Mybatis, Shiro, Oracle, Redis and so on
Familiar with Linux development environment, Linux server environment, build and deploy, years of Ubuntu daily usage experience
Familiar with Docker, Jenkins continuous integration, Automated Deployment
Familiar with Solr, Elasticsearch search engine
Understanding of Tomcat, Apache, Nginx, web server, years of experience in building Master the use of Idea / Sublime / Vim and Git / SVN development tools
Web front-end
-
HTML / CSS / JavaScript
Familiar with HTML5/CSS3, be able to prepare the semantic HTML, modular CSS, complete the more complex layout
Familiar with Less / Sass / CSS and other Autoprefixer pretreatment and post processing methods, tools
Familiarity with native Javascript, understanding of Node.js, programming in a modular, object-oriented manner
Familiar with Yarn, Webpack, Gulp, Yeoman, Bower, Grunt front-end automation tools
Understand the frameworks of Vue, React, React, Native, Angular, etc.
Knowledge of front-end engineering, front-end security and performance tuning
-
Others
Master the use of mind mapping tools such as MindManager / XMind
Continue to be a better development.
We are learning and practicing project management, working hard for excellent all - stack engineers.
Others
-
Strive to be an efficient, productive, and interesting person.


RT @karenmcgrane: Oh, look, the murder hornets are back. They've entered their ”slaughter phase.” Cool, cool. I was afraid the writers had…
10/3/2020, 9:53:01 AM
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This part is inside a .container class.
The .container class provides a responsive fixed width container.
Resize the browser window to see that its width (max-width) will change at different breakpoints.
This part is inside a .container class.
The .container class provides a responsive fixed width container.
Resize the browser window to see that its width (max-width) will change at different breakpoints.


A website about a great book - Harry Potter
It does not do well to dwell on dreams and forget to live.
To the well-organized mind, death is but the next great adventure.
Fear of a name only increases fear of the thing itself.
It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.


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Beach Cities Solar was founded by Tony Tamalunas in 2010 in response to his own personal residential
need for which an affordable, properly designed solution was not available. It quickly evolved into
commercial projects.
Tony is a veteran of the aerospace industry starting in the 1960's through 1970's, and of Disney
Imagineering from the 1980's through 2000's. He has designed everything from satellite electronics
to ride controls and theme park communication systems and beyond -- not to mention dozens of
custom solar solutions!


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components.{GovukHeader, GovukLayout} @import uk.gov.hmrc.hmrcfrontend.views.viewmodels.userresearchbanner.UserResearchBanner @import uk.gov.hmrc.hmrcfrontend.views.html.helpers.{HmrcHead, HmrcReportTechnicalIssueHelper, HmrcScripts, HmrcStandardFooter, HmrcStandardHeader} @import uk.gov.hmrc.hmrcfrontend.views.html.helpers.HmrcTimeoutDialogHelper @this( govukLayout: GovukLayout, header: GovukHeader, hmrcHead: HmrcHead, hmrcStandardHeader: HmrcStandardHeader, hmrcStandardFooter: HmrcStandardFooter, hmrcScripts: HmrcScripts, hmrcReportTechnicalIssueHelper: HmrcReportTechnicalIssueHelper, hmrcTimeoutDialogHelper: HmrcTimeoutDialogHelper ) @(title: String, beforeContentHtml: Option[Html] = None, researchBannerUrl: Option[String] = None, timeoutDialogEnabled: Boolean = true)(mainContent: Html)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages, appConfig: config.AppConfig) @head ={ @if(timeoutDialogEnabled) { @hmrcTimeoutDialogHelper( timeoutUrl = Some(appConfig.timeOutUrl), signOutUrl = appConfig.signOutUrl ) } } @content = {


Mark Oosterveld
Code Monkey
Stuff I do
I create things
Skills
I have skills
HTML
CSS
ECMAScript
blog
Check my blog
https://abendigo.github.io/


Need some samples images? Try these: [
cartoon 1
,
cartoon 2
] [
desmond 1
,
desmond 2
]
Show Raw Diff
Show Mono Diff


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Welcome to the JIIT Open Dev Circle!!!
The JIIT Open Dev Circle is an open source initiative of Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida Sector-128. We guide students in their journey into the world of open source by contributing, collaborating, networking and learning together. We conduct meetups and workshops for the student body, and have dev-sprints and hackathons in store for the future.  DO COME AND ATTEND ;)
Stay connected with us!


|
WUT Velma robot API
|
Kinematics solver (FK, IK) for WUT Velma robot. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ (self) |
| Initialize. More... | |
| def | getArmShoulderPosition (self, side_str, torso_angle) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for shoulder. More... | |
| def | getLeftArmShoulderPosition (self, torso_angle) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for left shoulder. More... | |
| def | getRightArmShoulderPosition (self, torso_angle) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for right shoulder. More... | |
| def | getArmBaseFk (self, side_str, torso_angle) |
| def | getLeftArmBaseFk (self, torso_angle) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for left arm base. More... | |
| def | getRightArmBaseFk (self, torso_angle) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for right arm base. More... | |
| def | getArmFk (self, side_str, torso_angle, q) |
| def | getLeftArmFk (self, torso_angle, q) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for left arm end-effector (the last link). More... | |
| def | getRightArmFk (self, torso_angle, q) |
| Calculate forward kinematics for right arm end-effector (the last link). More... | |
| def | getLeft_T_E_G (self) |
| Get constant transformation from the left end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left grasp frame 'G' in the center of the left gripper. More... | |
| def | getRight_T_E_G (self) |
| Get constant transformation from the right end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the right grasp frame 'G' in the center of the right gripper. More... | |
| def | getT_E_G (self, side_str) |
| Get constant transformation from the the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the grasp frame ('G', in the center of the gripper). More... | |
| def | getLeft_T_E_P (self) |
| Get constant transformation from the left end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left palm link (frame 'P'). More... | |
| def | getRight_T_E_P (self) |
| Get constant transformation from the right end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the right palm link (frame 'P'). More... | |
| def | getT_E_P (self, side_str) |
| Get constant transformation from the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left palm link (frame 'P'). More... | |
| def | getLeft_T_G_E (self) |
| Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_G. More... | |
| def | getRight_T_G_E (self) |
| Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_G. More... | |
| def | getT_G_E (self, side_str) |
| Get constant transformation from the grasp frame 'G' in the center of the gripper to the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E'). More... | |
| def | getLeft_T_P_E (self) |
| Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_P. More... | |
| def | getRight_T_P_E (self) |
| Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_P. More... | |
| def | calculateIkRightArm (self, T_B_W, torso_angle, elbow_circle_angle, flip_shoulder, flip_elbow, flip_ee) |
| Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot for right arm. More... | |
| def | calculateIkLeftArm (self, T_B_Wr, torso_angle, elbow_circle_angle, flip_shoulder, flip_elbow, flip_ee) |
| Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot for left arm. More... | |
| def | calculateIkArm (self, side_str, T_B_W, torso_angle, elbow_circle_angle, flip_shoulder, flip_elbow, flip_ee) |
| Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot arm. More... | |
| def | calculateIkSet (self, side_str, T_B_W, torso_angle, elbow_circle_angles) |
| def | getArmLimits (self) |
| def | getTorsoLimits (self) |
Kinematics solver (FK, IK) for WUT Velma robot.
Definition at line 384 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.__init__ | ( | self | ) |
Initialize.
Definition at line 389 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.calculateIkArm | ( | self, | |
| side_str, | |||
| T_B_W, | |||
| torso_angle, | |||
| elbow_circle_angle, | |||
| flip_shoulder, | |||
| flip_elbow, | |||
| flip_ee | |||
| ) |
Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot arm.
| side_str | string: either 'left' or 'right'. |
| T_B_W | PyKDL.Frame: pose of the end-effector (the last link) wrt. the robot base. |
| torso_angle | float: angle of the torso joint. |
| elbow_circle_angle | float: IK parameter. |
| flip_shoulder | bool: IK parameter. |
| flip_elbow | bool: IK parameter. |
| flip_ee | bool: IK parameter. |
Definition at line 693 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.calculateIkLeftArm | ( | self, | |
| T_B_Wr, | |||
| torso_angle, | |||
| elbow_circle_angle, | |||
| flip_shoulder, | |||
| flip_elbow, | |||
| flip_ee | |||
| ) |
Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot for left arm.
Definition at line 684 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.calculateIkRightArm | ( | self, | |
| T_B_W, | |||
| torso_angle, | |||
| elbow_circle_angle, | |||
| flip_shoulder, | |||
| flip_elbow, | |||
| flip_ee | |||
| ) |
Calculate inverse kinematics (IK) for WUT Velma robot for right arm.
Definition at line 675 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.calculateIkSet | ( | self, | |
| side_str, | |||
| T_B_W, | |||
| torso_angle, | |||
| elbow_circle_angles | |||
| ) |
Definition at line 715 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getArmBaseFk | ( | self, | |
| side_str, | |||
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Definition at line 452 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getArmFk | ( | self, | |
| side_str, | |||
| torso_angle, | |||
| q | |||
| ) |
Definition at line 529 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getArmLimits | ( | self | ) |
Definition at line 726 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getArmShoulderPosition | ( | self, | |
| side_str, | |||
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for shoulder.
| side_str | string: either 'left' or 'right'. |
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
Definition at line 413 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_G | ( | self | ) |
Get constant transformation from the left end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left grasp frame 'G' in the center of the left gripper.
Definition at line 564 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_P | ( | self | ) |
Get constant transformation from the left end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left palm link (frame 'P').
Definition at line 595 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_G_E | ( | self | ) |
Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_G.
Definition at line 627 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_P_E | ( | self | ) |
Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeft_T_E_P.
Definition at line 658 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeftArmBaseFk | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for left arm base.
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
Definition at line 460 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeftArmFk | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle, | |||
| q | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for left arm end-effector (the last link).
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
| q | 7-tuple: arm configuration. |
Definition at line 537 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getLeftArmShoulderPosition | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for left shoulder.
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
Definition at line 430 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_G | ( | self | ) |
Get constant transformation from the right end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the right grasp frame 'G' in the center of the right gripper.
Definition at line 572 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_P | ( | self | ) |
Get constant transformation from the right end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the right palm link (frame 'P').
Definition at line 603 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_G_E | ( | self | ) |
Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_G.
Definition at line 635 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_P_E | ( | self | ) |
Inverse of velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRight_T_E_P.
Definition at line 666 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRightArmBaseFk | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for right arm base.
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
Definition at line 494 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRightArmFk | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle, | |||
| q | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for right arm end-effector (the last link).
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
| q | 7-tuple: arm configuration. |
Definition at line 551 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getRightArmShoulderPosition | ( | self, | |
| torso_angle | |||
| ) |
Calculate forward kinematics for right shoulder.
| torso_angle | float: angle of torso joint. |
Definition at line 441 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getT_E_G | ( | self, | |
| side_str | |||
| ) |
Get constant transformation from the the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the grasp frame ('G', in the center of the gripper).
| side_str | str: either 'left' or 'right'. |
Definition at line 580 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getT_E_P | ( | self, | |
| side_str | |||
| ) |
Get constant transformation from the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E') to the left palm link (frame 'P').
| side_str | str: either 'left' or 'right'. |
Definition at line 611 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getT_G_E | ( | self, | |
| side_str | |||
| ) |
Get constant transformation from the grasp frame 'G' in the center of the gripper to the end-effector (the last link, frame 'E').
| side_str | str: either 'left' or 'right'. |
Definition at line 643 of file velma_ik_geom.py.
| def velma_kinematics.velma_ik_geom.KinematicsSolverVelma.getTorsoLimits | ( | self | ) |
Definition at line 729 of file velma_ik_geom.py.


ifchange - Creates dependency on targets and ensure that targets are up to date.
redux ifchange [TARGET...]
-? Show help
-h Show help
-help
Show help
The ifchange command creates a dependency on the target files and ensures that the target files are up to date, calling the redo command, if necessary.
The current file will be invalidated if a target is rebuilt.
This command can be invoked as redux ifchange
or, through a symlink, as redo-ifchange
.
The redo-ifchange
command is used in a .do
script.
When the .do
script for a target A contains the line redo-ifchange B
, this means that the target A depends on B and A should be rebuilt if B changes.
This command should be placed in a .do
script and not run directly.
Conceptually, redo-ifchange performs three tasks.
First, it creates a prerequisite record between A and B so A can track changes to B. Second, it creates a dependency record between B and A so a change in B immediately invalidates A. Finally, if B is out of date, redo-ifchange ensures that B is made up to date.
B is considered out of date if it does not exist, is not in the database, is flagged as out of date, has been modified or any of its dependents are out of date. Obviously this process may recurse.


Beck's Silk Plant Company has been serving the design and commercial trade business in Colorado and the West for over 30 years. We are a custom manufacturer and wholesaler of the highest quality artificial trees, plants and floral arrangements. Thousands of items ready to purchase off our 13,000 square foot showroom/warehouse facility. Or, we can custom design something to your exact specifications. Our talented design and sales staff are here to help you meet your interior residential or commercial needs.
Custom orders on trees, plants or florals normally take 1- 3 weeks, depending on the size of the order and time of the year. A deposit may be required for custom orders. Custom orders are non-returnable. Adjustments can likely be made, but may result in additional charges.
Trip Charge and Delivery service costs vary by location. On-site consultation is available at $60.00 per hour (one hour minimum) which will be applied as a credit back if the client purchases. Trip Charges are non-refundable. On-site labor is $60.00 per hour, per person (one hour minimum).
The pricing in our showroom is marked at retail.
Unless prior special circumstances exist, payment is expected at time of pick-up, delivery, or approval period. Checks, Master Card/Visa or cash accepted.
Designers are welcome to take items out for 7 calendar days, assuming you can easily load them into your vehicle without damage to the product.
We require wholesale payment at the time you leave with the merchandise, your payment will be processed at the end of the 7th day.
Damaged product or product that smells cannot be returned.
For locations such as airport, hotels, offices, banks, restaurants, and model homes, silk foliage offers a cost-effective savings over a monthly lease-maintenance contract for live plants. In addition, silk plants are ideal for high-security areas, eliminating the need for the continuous personnel access live botanicals require.
A 20% restocking fee will be charged on any non-custom item returned after purchase.
Returned items will be applied to store credit only and must be in the same condition as when they left the showroom.
Absolutely, no returns after 7 days of purchase date.


caMicroscope User Documentation
Last Updated 1 Feb 2019
This document is not the final form of documentation for quip/camic. Instead, this document is to facilitate easy and fast collaborative editing before adding the documentation to readme.md files and/or github wiki pages.
A lite/local version of caMicroscope/quip is available, which functions similarly to the hosted (full) version, but does not require any of the below configuration. It adds functionality to load and save annotations to a json file locally using the same format as the hosted version, except with the file path as the image id. To see this, try drawing something and downloading the json data.
Distribution of caMicroscope is designed as a set of microservice containers, and can be found at https://github.com/camicroscope/Distro/tree/refactor. This method requires docker and docker compose.
Configuration of services is done through environment variables, as passed through the docker compose file (caMicroscope.yml). The mounted volume, which is ‘images’ in the same directory as this repo by default, should be set consistently across all volumes in the compose file. Likewise, if exposed ports need to be changed, please change them in the compose file. The recommended configuration is to map the elevate container’s 4010 to whichever port is desired for users to access, and to expose no other ports in production, and to open what is needed only on a private network for debug or development purposes.
Services
Since the short names given for the services may not be clear, here is a description of each of the services in the compose file. Mongo is unmodified mongodb, which is used as a data provider for bindaas, which exposes preselected mongo functionality (see config/bindaas_projects) as REST API functions. IIP is a fastcgi module which translates openslide images to openseadragon compatible formats. Viewer hosts static files, and builds packages (see the “Extensions” section for more information on packages). Loader is used to extract thumbnails and slide metadata so that the viewer can understand the slide. Elevate is the security and routing container (see routes.json).
Recommendations
It is highly recommended to run the indexes in config/mongo_idx.js. Whether or not you wish to use validation is up to you, but the performance indexes at the bottom range from essential to extremely helpful.
By default, container logging has been disabled to prevent any possibility of data leak; this may be changed if desired, but use care with log files if you choose to use them. This does not change logging behavior within the containers themselves.
Further configuration may be accomplished by reviewing the docker compose documentation.
Running without Authentication
Each request, except to static files in viewer, must include a valid signed JWT. You can override this functionality, thus making all routes public by passing DISABLE_SEC=true to elevate. This choice means that the SECRET environment variable is unused, and the “Setting up a JWT Provider” section can be safely ignored. This is not recommended for production instances.
caMicroscope itself does not provide any user verification, and instead delegates that to other providers. This choice, however, means that those deploying caMicroscope will need to set up a JWT (json web token) provider. Mount a file resembling the given default login.html and set the path to your login file to REDIRECT in the compose file under the elevate service’s environment variables. In addition, be sure to set the public key or secret, as used for JWT verification, to SECRET in the compose file under the elevate service’s environment variables.
Google and auth0 can be used as JWT providers, among others.
The docker compose distribution includes an images folder. It is recommended that you put slides in this mounted directory if possible. Otherwise, you can use the web loader (./apps/loader/loader.html) to upload files. The web loader can also be used as an interface to get a thumbnail preview of any slide in the directory, as well as get metadata and post the slide to the database.
The loader container also has access to a batch slide loader, which uses a csv manifest, but this method is not recommended without further guidance at this point.
Nanoborb is a light desktop version of CaMicscope. User can open it on window and mac.
When apps opened, the screen should look like Figure 1-1 and also a tool menu should on on top left of screen.
(Figure 1-1 - apps initial screen with a tool menu on top left of the screen)
The tool menu consists of File menu, View menu and About menu.
In File menu (Figure 1-2), user can click on `Open` to open a svs/tiff file on local mechina.
Or click on `Exit` to exit app.
(Figure 1-2 - File Menu)
In View menu (Figure 1-3), there is `External Browser` menu that user can click on and open `nanoborb` on a local browser.
(Figure 1-3 - View Menu)
The viewer can pan and zoom with either touch or mouse events, or be controlled using the zoom controls in the bottom right, above a navigator shows the position of the current view in context of the full image (Figure 2-1).
(Figure 2-1 - The standard Viewer)
A core functionality of caMicroscope is making and viewing annotations. Using the `Marks Tool`, you enter `Marks Tool`, and can change options using the `Marks Options`(Figure 2-2). Clicking `Marks Tool` twice changes the draw mode to `mutli`. An annotation is not saved until a name is provided and save is selected in single draw mode, or after each drawing is complete with a given name in multi draw mode.
(Figure 2-2 - under the drawing mode)
Annotations of the same group share a layer. Each layer can be turned on and off independently, and clicking on an annotation object should provide details, such as the internal id, the name, and any form responses associated with the particular annotation.(Figure 2-3)
(Figure 2-3 - layer manager and annotation detail)
The viewer has many tools and functions to assist with both individual and group operations. One of these is the share button, which provides a link to the image at the same position, zoom, and with the same visible layers as the current viewer, and can be used to bookmark or share specific observations in an image.
Depending on configuration, it can be useful to switch to a different viewer, such as a heatmap viewer. Many, but not all, tools are common between different viewer types.
What is heatmap?
Is a tool that visualize the prediction data of a slide and help user to navigate on the slide.
What you can do in the heatmap?
There is a toolbar on top left of the init page, in which 4 tool btn is. User can use these 4 btns to switch or active Setting Heatmap, Magnifying Glass, Measurement Tool, and Side-By-Side View. (figure 3-1).
(Figure 3-1 - heatmap initial screen)
1. Setting heatmap
Two modes of heatmaps
Binal Heatmap(Figure 3-2):
(Figure 3-2 - Binal setting panel and binal heatmap)
In Heatmap settings panel, user can switch between `Binal` and `Gradient Color` mode by using `Mode switch` radio buttons.
In `Binal` heatmap setting panel, Thresholding Panel controls the range of each properties that display on heatmap. Opacity Panel controls the opacity of heatmap and cover. (Figure 3-3)
(Figure 3-3 - Heatmap settings panel in binal mode)
Gradient Color Heatmap (Figure 3-4):
(Figure 3-4 - color gradient setting panel and color gradient heatmap)
In `Gradient` heatmap setting panel, it has the same operations as `binal` heatmap except having the properties select. (Figure 3-5)
(Figure 3-5 - Heatmap settings panel in gradient mode)
2. Magnifying Glass(Figure 4-1):
(Figure 4-1 - open magnifying glass on heatmap)
User can use the dropdown list to control the magnifying level (Figure 4-2).
(Figure 4-2 - dropdown list for magnifying level )
3. Measurement Tool(Figure 5):
(Figure 5 - using measurement tool on heatmap)
4. Side-By-Side View (Figure 6):
(Figure 6 - using side-by-side view on heatmap)
What is segmentation?
The segmentation tool allows you to select a region of interest (ROI) and run a quick segmentation process on it. When it is finished, it displays a close button, a slider for adjusting the segmentation threshold and a current count of the segmented objects.
caMicroscope is designed to be extended. Depending on the manner of extension, it may be a package or a new application. It is highly recommended to use a minimal methods of extension to avoid code duplication and issues with future upgrade compatibility.
Changing Package on default viewer
The viewer container builds package/package.js on build, and the resulting file is included in the viewer. This is used to add small custom functionality tweaks to the viewer.
Adding more applications alongside the default viewer
For more substantial modifications, it may make more sense to make a new application. These can be mounted somewhere (preferably somewhere in the apps folder) in the viewer service, and would include modification of the toolbar, or implementation of an entirely new functionality.
caMicroscope is open source software. Any involvement and contribution with the caMicroscope project is greatly appreciated. Feel free to get directly involved in any of the repositories in the caMicroscope organization.
The caMicroscope project has persistent branches for development and release. It is highly recommended to make any changes off of the develop branch of a repository, and, when ready, create a PR to the develop branch of the source repository.
The creation of additional specializations, packages, or applications should, in most cases, live as a separate repository.
For more information, or to propose ideas, please feel free to reach out to the active development team at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Questions about the organization should be directed to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(we need to make these emails, or similar…)


Github Searcher allows you to search for Github users and it shows you a list of their public repositories and descriptions of the projects they have done.
It also allows you to search for repositories using repository names.
All you need to do is to type in the name of the user or the repository that you want into the search box. Click the search button then give it a few seconds. Your results will then be displayed to you.


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Table of Contents
As developers, it’s easy to assume that all users can see and use a keyboard, mouse or screen, you feel everyone can interact with your web page the same way you do. This can lead to a user experience that works well for some people but creates issues for others :(
Many developers have only a little or blurred understanding of what accessibility means, of course, accessibility can be a complex and difficult topic but understanding it, its scope and its impact can make you a better and inclusive web developer.
In this article, I’ll introduce you to accessibility, what it means, why you should care, a few tips, tools and resources to get you started.
What is Accessibility?
Let’s start by defining accessibility and inclusion.
According to thesaurus dictionary, accessibility simply means: easy to approach, reach, enter, speak with, or use.
 Inclusion describes a group that’s particularly welcoming to all kinds of people irrespective of their differences.
_
In computer-human interaction, accessibility simply means making the web accessible and having functionalities that can be operated by literally everyone including those with all forms of disabilities, limitations and conditions..
Those with Disabilities
According to WHO, there are about 285,000,000 people in the world today. Blind and visually impaired make up of the 285,000,000 people according to the World Health Organization (June 2012) with 39,000,000 categorized as legally blind and the remaining 246,000,000 visually impaired. The deaf and hearing impaired make up 275,000,000 (2004) in the moderate-to-profound hearing impairment category.
Some forms of disabilities include:
- Physical disabilities (One that affects a person’s mobility or dexterity)
- Intellectual or Learning Disabilities ( People with an intellectual, learning, or cognitive disability have a reduced capacity to read, learn tasks or process information.)
- Visual impairments (People with sight challenges, visually impaired individuals and blind people.)
- Hearing impairments ( Deafness and hearing loss)
- Neurological disabilities ( Disabilities associated with damage to the nervous system that results in the loss of some physical or mental functions.)
Those with limitations/ conditions
Disabilities can also be conditional.
- A broken arm
- A loud restaurant
- Not speaking the local language e.t.c
All these are examples where someone may benefit from accessible practices.
 — Adrian Roselli
How can we help these people?
Web Accessibility comes to the rescue. It is a practice whereby web applications are designed and developed so that its functionality can be operated by people with disabilities.
Web Accessibility Guidelines
Throughout this article, I’ll refer to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, a set of guidelines and best practices put together by web accessibility experts to address what “accessibility” means in a methodical way.
WCAG is organized around four principles often called The POUR Principle:
- Perceivable
Can users perceive the content? This ensures that our applications are perceivable with sight, touch, or hearing senses via the browser or assistive technologies e.g Screen readers - Operable
Can users use UI components easily and navigate the content? For example, something that requires a hover interaction cannot be operated by someone who can’t use a mouse or touch screen. This means users should be able to control your web apps elements using either the mouse, keyboard or an assistive device. - Understandable
Can users understand the content? Can users understand the interface and is it clear and concise? This ensures an easy understanding and smooth user experience. - Robust
Can the content be consumed by a wide variety of users on several browsers? This ensures compatibility of your app across several devices, browsers or operating systems.
Web accessibility tips
Now that you understand what Web Accessibility means and why you should care, let me walk you through a few tips that would help you to build accessible websites :)
- Always add alternative texts to images
Now that you understand what Web Accessibility means and why you should care, let me walk you through a few tips that would help you to build accessible websites :)
- Always add alternative texts to images
This is one thing most developers miss, I used to miss this too when I started out because I didn’t really understand the essence of alternative texts.
Alternative texts (also know as
alt
) is a word that can be inserted as an attribute in an HTML document to tell your website users the contents of an image. The alt text appears in a blank box that would normally contain the image. Alt text is useful when an image is not available because of a broken link, changed URL or something else.
Alternative texts as the name imply serve as an alternative for screen readers. They are read aloud to blind users on a screen reader and other screen assistive technologies.
You add alternative texts to images with the alt
attribute

Another important aspect of the alt
attribute is that you should be specific when adding these texts. For example, examine the images below:

Which of the code above would support accessibility more, 1 or 2?

Which of the code above would support accessibility more, 1 or 2?
Now you should understand the context of being specific when using alternative texts. You might not see the need, you probably would not need it, but a whole lot of users with disabilities need it.
- Design your forms for Accessibility
Ensure you add
to your form elements though they might not be visible. You can add labels for screen readers and still hide them from displaying to other users.
<form action="./contact.php" method="POST">
Full name
<input type="text" name="fullname" id="fullname">
Email address
<input type="email" name="email" id="email">
Telephone
<input type="number" name="phone" id="phone">
</form>
Ensure that your for
attribute matches the id
- Always specify your web app language
 // American english
 // British english
 // French
If your app supports multiple languages or translations, ensure to specify that too.
- Don’t use tables for anything except tabular data
- Don’t auto-play video, music or other media files (Please avoid this)
- Ensure that links are recognizable. Either underlined or with a different colour
- Always provide a skip to main content option
Skipping to main content links are useful for users who use keyboard navigation only

...
Get Started
...

Our story is a story which explains another story. Cut the crap
this is too long and I don't want to read it.

...

 Here's the main stuff bro

- Reduce your divs and make use of semantic elements
HTML5 provides additional elements, such as
, section
and
, to better structure your content.
I’d stop here as we have tons of accessibility guidelines, but don’t worry, I’ve included links for further reading below :)
The A11y project
This is a community-driven effort to make web accessibility easier with tons of resources, events, patterns, checklists and lots more to help you build more accessible applications. https://a11yproject.com/
Accessibility can be a complex and difficult topic. The Accessibility Project understands this and wants to help make it easier to implement on the web.
Web accessibility tools
- ally.css
This CSS file intends to warn developers about possible risks and mistakes that exist in HTML code. It can also be used to roughly evaluate a site’s quality by simply including it as an external stylesheet.
Get the Ally.css built by Gaël Poupard here or download the equivalent web extension (chrome, firefox and opera) Alix built by Ire Aderinokun here
- Chrome lighthouse
Lighthouse is an open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages. You can run it against any web page, public or requiring authentication. It has audits for performance, accessibility, progressive web apps, and more. Read my previous article: Introduction to chrome lighthouse to get started.
- Contrast Checker
Check the contrast of your colour design for accessibility based on Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG). Check it here.
- NoCoffee
A chrome extension which is helpful for understanding the problems faced by people with slight to extreme vision problems. Download here
A full list of web accessibility tools can be found here
Resources
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0)
- HTML Language Codes
- Guide to using Alternative Texts on images by Egwuenu Gift
- Creating valid and accessible links
- ARIA Landmark roles and HTML5 implicit mapping
- Introduction to NDVA
- How-to hide content but still make it accessible to screen readers.
- How-to: Using caption services with HTML5 video
- Basic screen reader commands for accessibility testing
A full list of web accessibility resources can be found here
Conclusion
Everyone should be able to access and enjoy the web irrespective of their challenges or limitations. As developers, we’re building solutions for every user and not just some users. As much as we focus on UI/UX, we should also put extra focus on accessibility. Thanks for reading!
Like this article? Kindly follow me on twitter @iambolajiayo


A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W X
All Classes All Packages
All Classes All Packages
All Classes All Packages
T
- tag(String) - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxGraphElement
-
Adds the tag.
- taggedWith(String) - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxGraphElement
-
Returns true if tag is present
- tags() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxGraphElement
-
Returns the set of tags currently applied to this sandbox graph element
- tagSubsystem() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.subsystems.Subsystem
-
Adds the subystem tag if it does not exist
- to() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxEdge
-
Returns the node this edge is directed to
- toArray() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.selection.GraphSelectionEvent
- toAtlasEdge() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxEdge
- toAtlasGraphElement() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxGraphElement
- toAtlasNode() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxNode
- toggleGraphSelectionListener() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.selection.GraphSelectionListenerView
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Toggles the graph selection listener state from enabled to disabled or vice versa.
- toggleGraphSelectionProvider() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.selection.ExpiringGraphSelectionProviderView
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Toggles the graph selection provider state from enabled to disabled or vice versa.
- toggleGraphSelectionProvider() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.selection.GraphSelectionProviderView
-
Toggles the graph selection provider state from enabled to disabled or vice versa.
- toGraph(SandboxGraphElement...) - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.Sandbox
-
Converts the given graph elements into a sandbox graph
- toGraph(SandboxHashSet<? extends SandboxGraphElement>) - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.Sandbox
-
Converts the given graph elements into a sandbox graph
- toGraph(SandboxHashSet<SandboxNode>, SandboxHashSet<SandboxEdge>) - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.Sandbox
-
Converts the given graph elements into a sandbox graph
- toList() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.selection.GraphSelectionEvent
- Toolbox - Class in com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.xcsg
-
Toolbox-defined extensions to XCSG
- Toolbox() - Constructor for class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.xcsg.Toolbox
- topologicalTraversal() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.algorithms.dominance.DominatorTree
-
Create and/or fetch a topological traversal of the dominator tree, such that for every node, idom(node) appears before node.
- topologicalTraversal() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.algorithms.dominance.PostDominatorTree
-
Create and/or fetch a topological traversal of the dominator tree, such that for every node, idom(node) appears before node.
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.codemap.PrioritizedCodemapStage
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.filters.Filter
-
Returns the filter name
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.filters.rootset.FilterableRootset
-
Returns the filter name
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.sandbox.SandboxGraphElement
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.subsystems.Subsystem
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.FormattedSourceCorrespondence.LineNumberRange
- toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.FormattedSourceCorrespondence
-
Returns a pretty print string of the format: "Filename:
+ (line(s) )" - toString() - Method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.utilities.SLOCCount.LinesOfCode
- types(String...) - Static method in class com.ensoftcorp.open.commons.analysis.CommonQueries
-
Returns the nodes representing the types given by the names.
All Classes All Packages


Class: Simp::Metadata::Commands::Set_write_url
- Defined in:
- lib/simp/metadata/commands/set-write-url.rb
Instance Method Summary collapse
Methods inherited from Base
Instance Method Details
#run(argv, engine = nil) ⇒ Object
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/simp/metadata/commands/set-write-url.rb', line 6 def run(argv, engine = nil) = defaults(argv) do |opts| opts. = "Usage: simp-metadata set-write-url <repo_name> <url>" end engine, root = get_engine(engine, ) engine.writable_url(argv[0], argv[1]) end |


The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 21, 1995.[18][19] Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days.[14] The release coincided with the launch of the Japanese-language ruby-list mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language.
Read more 1995Early concept:Ruby was conceived on February 24, 1993. In a 1999 post to the ruby-talk mailing list, Ruby author Yukihiro Matsumoto describes some of his early ideas about the language:[12]
Read more February 24, 1993Ruby 2.4.0 was released on Christmas Day in 2016. A few notable changes include: Binding#irb: Start a REPL session similar to binding.pry Unify Fixnum and Bignum into Integer class String supports Unicode case mappings, not just ASCII a new method, Regexp#match?, which is a faster boolean version of Regexp#match Thread deadlock detection now shows threads with their backtrace and dependency The 2.4 branch also includes performance improvements to hash table, Array#max, Array#min, and instance variable access.[46]
Read more Ruby 2.4


REPORT OF SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS ISSUED
University of the Philippines Visayas
Tacloban College
Tacloban City
| Date: ____________________________ |
No.:___________________________ |
To be filled up in the Supply and Property Unit |
To be filled up in the Accounting unit |
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