The SoapClient class (PHP 5 >= 5.0.1, PHP 7) 简介 The SoapClient class provides a client for » SOAP 1.1, » SOAP 1.2 servers. It can be used in WSDL or non-WSDL mode. 类摘要 SoapClient { /* 方法 */ public mixed __call ( string $function_name , string $arguments ) public SoapClient ( mixed $wsdl [, array $options ] ) public string __doRequest ( string $request , string $location , string $action , int $version [, int $one_way = 0 ] ) public array __getFunctions ( void ) public string __getLastRequest ( void ) public string __getLastRequestHeaders ( void ) public string __getLastResponse ( void ) public string __getLastResponseHeaders ( void ) public array __getTypes ( void ) public void __setCookie ( string $name [, string $value ] ) public string __setLocation ([ string $new_location ] ) public bool __setSoapHeaders ([ mixed $soapheaders ] ) public mixed __soapCall ( string $function_name , array $arguments [, array $options [, mixed $input_headers [, array &$output_headers ]]] ) public SoapClient ( mixed $wsdl [, array $options ] ) } Table of Contents • SoapClient::__call — Calls a SOAP function (deprecated) • SoapClient::__construct — SoapClient constructor • SoapClient::__doRequest — Performs a SOAP request • SoapClient::__getFunctions — Returns list of available SOAP functions • SoapClient::__getLastRequest — Returns last SOAP request • SoapClient::__getLastRequestHeaders — Returns the SOAP headers from the last request • SoapClient::__getLastResponse — Returns last SOAP response • SoapClient::__getLastResponseHeaders — Returns the SOAP headers from the last response • SoapClient::__getTypes — Returns a list of SOAP types • SoapClient::__setCookie — The __setCookie purpose • SoapClient::__setLocation — Sets the location of the Web service to use • SoapClient::__setSoapHeaders — Sets SOAP headers for subsequent calls • SoapClient::__soapCall — Calls a SOAP function • SoapClient::SoapClient — SoapClient constructor User Contributed Notes 18 notes =============================================================================== When you need to connect to services requiring to send extra header use this method. Here how we can to it with PHP and SoapClient DeveloperKey = $key; $this->Password = $pass; } } $devKey = ""; $password = ""; $accountId = ""; // Create the SoapClient instance $url = ""; $client = new SoapClient($url, array("trace" => 1, "exception" => 0)); // Create the header $auth = new ChannelAdvisorAuth($devKey, $password); $header = new SoapHeader("http://www.example.com/webservices/", "APICredentials", $auth, false); // Call wsdl function $result = $client->__soapCall("DeleteMarketplaceAd", array( "DeleteMarketplaceAd" => array( "accountID" => $accountId, "marketplaceAdID" => "9938745" // The ads ID ) ), NULL, $header); // Echo the result echo "
".print_r($result, true).""; if($result->DeleteMarketplaceAdResult->Status == "Success") { echo "Item deleted!"; } ?> =============================================================================== After migrating to PHP 5.6.5, the soap 1.2 did not work anymore. So I solved the problem by adding optional parameters SSL. My error: failed to load external entity How to solve: // options for ssl in php 5.6.5 $opts = array( 'ssl' => array('ciphers'=>'RC4-SHA', 'verify_peer'=>false, 'verify_peer_name'=>false) ); // SOAP 1.2 client $params = array ('encoding' => 'UTF-8', 'verifypeer' => false, 'verifyhost' => false, 'soap_version' => SOAP_1_2, 'trace' => 1, 'exceptions' => 1, "connection_timeout" => 180, 'stream_context' => stream_context_create ($opts) ); $oSoapClient = new SoapClient ( $url . "?WSDL", $params ); =============================================================================== when they want to pass variables into the http header that is how it is done: 1,"stream_context" => $context)); $result = $client->jornadaActiva(); var_dump($result); ?> =============================================================================== I posted in this URL http://softontherocks.blogspot.com/2014/02/ web-service-soap-con-php.html a full example of a nusoap web service. There is defined the server and the cliente who calls the web service. I hope it would be useful for you. =============================================================================== If you want to connect to a server that only supports SSLv2/3 and/or TLS 1.0 (no TLS 2 or 3), tell the SOAP client if you get a connection error by setting the appropriate stream context: array('ciphers'=>'RC4-SHA') ); $objSoapClient = new SoapClient( 'https://example.com/?wsdl', array ( "encoding"=>"ISO-8859-1", 'stream_context' => stream_context_create($opts) // your options ); ?> You might need to disable the SOAP caching of WSDLs in order for the SOAP client to use the new context. =============================================================================== There is a known bug with some versions of Xdebug which can cause SoapClient to not throw an exception but instead cause a fatal error. Surround the SoapClient call with xdebug_disable(); and xdebug_enable(); to work around this problem. For reference: http://bugs.xdebug.org/view.php?id=249 https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=47584 =============================================================================== If you are making soap calls in WSDL mode , and the address of your web service includes a port different from 80 (like http://my_ip_address:8080// service.asmx?wsdl), the WSDL file is fetched correctly, but all subsequent requests are made without any port in the host field. This causes a SoapFault exception when trying to call any of the service’s methods. You need to redefine the soapClient class and force the port in each call. See this example: http://www.victorstanciu.ro/php-soapclient-port-bug-workaround/ =============================================================================== CAUTION: I had quite a bit of trouble trying to make a request with fopen through a proxy to a secure url. I kept getting a 400 Bad Request back from the remote host. It was receiving the proxy url as the SNI host. In order to get around this I had to explicity set the SNI host to the domain I was trying to reach. It's apparently the issue outlined in this bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63519 array( 'proxy' => $proxy_string ), 'ssl' => array( 'SNI_enabled' => true, 'SNI_server_name' => $domain)); $context = stream_context_create($opts); $handle = fopen( $file, 'r', false, $context ); ?> src: http://php.net/manual/en/context.http.php#114314 =============================================================================== When you get errors like: "Fatal error: Uncaught SoapFault exception: [HTTP] Error Fetching http headers in" after a few (time intensive) SOAP-Calls, check your webserver-config. Sometimes the webservers "KeepAlive"-Setting tends to result in this error. For SOAP-Environments I recommend you to disable KeepAlive. Hint: It might be tricky to create a dedicated vhost for your SOAP-Gateways and disable keepalive just for this vhost because for normal webpages Keepalive is a nice speed-boost. =============================================================================== If the XML have identities with same name in different levels there is a solution. You don´t have to ever submit a raw XML (this PHP SOAP object don´t allows send a RAW XML), so you have to always translate your XML to a array, like the example below: $originalXML = "


We analyzed this package, and provided a score, details, and suggestions below.
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Describes how popular the package is relative to other packages.
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Code health derived from static analysis.
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Reflects how tidy and up-to-date the package is.
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Overall score:
Weighted score of the above.
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Detected platforms: unsure


VOLCANO A film review by Walter Frith Copyright 1997 Walter Frith
Anyone who stays informed with the world around us knows that the city of Los Angeles is capable of anything. Fires, floods, earthquakes, mud slides, two O.J. trials, incompetent D.A. officials and the list goes on and on and on. One thing you wouldn't expect to find on that list is an active volcano forming under the city's main core and that's exactly what happens in this thrilling and strangely plausible film featuring a cast starring the movie's special effects largely put together by visual effects supervisor Mat Beck who has worked most impressively on television's 'The X-Files' and has a bigger budget this time around to work with.
As for the human cast, Tommy Lee Jones stars as the head of the O.E.M. (Office of Emergency Management) in L.A. and he is joined in the volcanic discovery by a geologist (Anne Heche) and together they try and figure out a way to minimize the human casualties and maximize the flow of deadly volcanic lava away from the masses.
Comparisons to 'Dante's Peak' from earlier in 1997 are inevitable but what makes 'Volcano so much better is the sensation of finding this fury of nature in a place where it's possible but unlikely. Los Angeles is portrayed with all its stereotypical trappings and they mix in an interesting way with the disaster at hand.
Another plus for this quality piece of filmmaking is the editing by Michael Tronick and Don Brochu. Under the specifications of director Mick Jackson, they have constructed a movie with a lightning quick pace and you will be hard pressed to look at your watch even once during the film. The movie takes an in-depth look at the beginnings of volcanic activity as we see many hints of one developing and even many details of one in action courtesy of the screen writing by Jerome Armstrong and Billy Ray based on Jerome Armstrong's story.
The acting in 'Volcano' is almost non-effective but that's perfect for a disaster film and the only film in that genre I've ever seen with a cast of well developed characters was 'The Poseidon Adventure' (1972) in which we cared about the people involved and got a look at their lives in a memorable fashion. 'Volcano' is an early contender for the Oscar for Best Visual Effects and even though it's early in the year I predict this one will rank as one of the year's best action/adventure films.
OUT OF 5 > * * * 1/2
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Sanyeri Lauds Baba Suwe’s Contribution Towards Growth Of Comic Actors
by Oyindamola OlubajoYoruba actor, Olaniyi Afonja aka Sanyeri has commended his senior colleague, Baba Suwe for his immense contribution in paving ways for comic acts in the industry.
Sanyeri, on his Instagram handle, showered some praises on the veteran, while sharing a comic clip of a movie in which the veteran featured.
According to Sanyeri, the ‘Baba Londoner’ actor is an amazing actor who has done tremendously well by helping others build their dreams.
Sanyeri wrote ” I want to use this medium to appreciate Chief Babatunde Omidina A.k.A BABA SUWE…You have helped us shape our professional life into profitable skills. You are an amazing mentor, I appreciate your contribution towards the society..Also praying for grace to have positive effects unto our growing society..”
Baba Suwe began acting in 1971 but came into limelight after he featured in a movie titled, Omolasan, a film produced by Obalende.
In 2011, he was alleged of cocaine trafficking by the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency, an allegation that was described as false and defamatory by the ruling of the Lagos high court of law.
Earlier this year, the actor battled an unknown illness, which led to speculations that he gave up the ghost.
The rumours of his death was however debunked by National President, Theatre Arts and Motion Pictures Producers Association of Nigeria (TAMPAN) Bolaji Amusan.


SHOW ME THE HOLIDAYS
Rediscover your
Soul
ss
Rediscover your
Soul


Load graph image from file with Ctrl+O or from clipboard with Ctrl-V
Mark Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax on plot using mouse and arrow keyboard keys to correct the position
Define plot scale
Mark plot points using mouse and arrow keyboard keys to correct the position
Save points to file with Ctrl-S


--- layout: post authors: ["Paul Wilson"] title: Connecting Bootcamp Content to Motivation and Best Practices date: 2013-04-03 time: "09:00:00" tags: ["Content", "University of Wisconsin - Madison"] ---
As our next Software Carpentry bootcamp quickly approaches, we have been struggling with many of the usual questions of what to teach and what not to teach. We expect a broad array of skills and experience (pre-assessment is yet to be completed), and want to make sure that all the learners leave with a clear motivation to build on what they learn.
As we perused other bootcamp agendas and curricula, we were concerned about so much focus on programming and Python in particular. In particular, there has been much discussion about what the real goal of this part of a Software Carpentry bootcamp is and should be. There is not enough time to teach true novices how to program, it is presumptuous to assume that people are coming to learn Python—it's not a Python bootcamp, after all—and we are drawing from a broad cross-section of people across a large research campus. But there must be a reason that every bootcamp dips its toe into teaching programming.
Then it occurred to me that we have already spent a lot of effort to refine the motivation and connect the practices and the goals—it's all in the Best Practices paper. There is even more there than we can do in a single bootcamp, but upon reflection it provides a clear narrative connecting the "why" and the "how".
Even better, it provides some catchier and slightly enigmatic titles for the different sections of the bootcamp curriculum. I was concerned that a dry list of topics such as "Python variables", "Python data structures", "Python flow control", and "Python functions" would turn some people away, as it looks too much like just-another-programming class. Instead, invoking the language from the paper, we can cover topics like "Write Code for People" in which we discuss variables and data structures, but without forgetting our motivation for choosing good variable names and convenient data structures. Or we can have "Don't Repeat Yourself", in which we introduce the ideas of modularizing your own code by refactoring into frequently used functions, and seeking third-party modules that do what you want. Our instruction of testing will be covered in a learning module called "Plan for Mistakes".
Our instructors are now challenged to make their material evoke these themes as students work through the exercises, focusing not just on how to write a simple function in Python, but why to do it and how to do it in a way that meets this motivation head on.
We'll report back in a month to tell you how it went!


DayPickerInput API
import DayPickerInput from 'react-day-picker/DayPickerInput';
<DayPickerInput />
accept all the props valid for a standard <input/>
React component plus the following ones:
format
Type: String |
Default: L |
The format string used to format the date. User is expected to type the day in this format. It works with all the format strings accepted by momentjs.
dayPickerProps
Type: Object |
Default: {} |
The DayPicker props to pass to the DayPicker for further customization.
Note that the selectedDays
and numberOfMonths
props, and a selected
modifier, are handled by this component and they will be ignored.
hideOnDayClick
Type: Boolean |
Default: true |
Hides react-day-picker when the user clicks on a day cell.
clickUnselectsDay
Type: Boolean |
Default: false |
Unselect and clear the input when clicking on a previously selected day
onDayChange
Type: (day: date, modifiers: Object) => void
Handler function when the user types a valid day (according to the format
prop) or clicks on a day on the calendar.
If the typed day is not valid, day
and modifiers
will be undefined
(useful to display validation warnings).
classNames
Type: Object<String>
Customize the CSS class names used when rendering the component.
The object expects the following keys:
{
container, // The container element
overlayWrapper, // The overlay's wrapper
overlay, // The overlay's container
}
component
Type: String|React.Component|React.PureComponent |
Default: input |
The component to render the input field.
To work properly with a custom input component, the passed component must be compatible with the standard HTML’s input
: this means it should support onChange
, onFocus
, onKeyUp
, onClick
and onBlur
and the focus
method.
See this issue.
If your custom component doesn’t support such properties, wrap it in a component contaning them. For example:
import React from 'react';
import { DayPickerInput } from 'react-day-picker';
import MyInputWithoutFocus from './MyInputWithoutFocus';
class MyInputWithFocus extends React.Component {
focus = () => {
this.input.focus();
}
render() {
return (
<MyInputWithoutFocus
ref={el => (this.input = el)}
{...this.props}
/>
);
}
}
function MyDayPickerInput(props) {
return <DayPickerInput component={MyInputWithFocus} />
}


Mortgage Calculator - Advanced Sample
This sample demonstrates one rule app calling another. The mortgage calculator has been modified to look up the APR based on the term. The lookup is performed using an Execute JavaScript Function action. The function uses JQuery to call to a service that is hosted in NodeJS. The service returns the APR by leveraging another JavaScript rule app.


Estimation of camera pose
There are multiple ways of estimating camera position and orientation, typical approaches include
- camera pose from point correspondences
- camera pose from Fundamental matrix
We will discuss the theory and implementation of each approach in this post.
camera pose from point correspondences
Basic equation
Given a point correspondence bewteen 3D point and 2D image point , we have the following relation
Since is only defined up to a scale, this relation is better written as
Let , and , we derive the relation
It can be easily verified that the third column is the linear combination of the first two, thus we only have two equations from a correspondening pair.
since each pair of correspondence can provide 2 equations, and there are 11 DoF in , thus pairs of correspondences are required, only the coordinate or coordinate of the 6th pair is needed.
The projection matrix is computed by solving , where contains the entries of .
camera pose from Fundamental matrix
We start by giving the conclusion:
Result 1. The general formula for a pair of canonic camera matrices corresponding to a fundamental matrix is given by
where is any 3-vector, and a non-zero scalar.
The proof proceeds as follows:
1. Canonical formular
Result 2. Let be a fundamental matrix and any skew-symmetric matrix. Define the pair of camera matrics
where is the epipole. To prove Result 2, we first need the following result:
Result 3. A non-zero matrix is the fundamental matrix corresponding to a pair of camera matrix and if and only if is skew-symmetric.
Proof. The condition that is skew-symmetric is equivalent to , which is equivalent to if and .
We can then prove Result 2 by showing that
which is skew symmetric.
The skew symmetric matrix may be written in terms of its null vector as . Then can be re-written as
The projection matrix has rank 3 provided . A good choice of is , for in this case .
2. Camera not at infinity
However, the camera center obtained above is at infinity. To see this, we just need to prove that the left matrix of is singular, i.e., has rank 2. (TBD).
The following result can help us get to our goal:
Result 4. Camera pairs in canonical form have the same fundamental matrix as the canonical pair .
where is any 3-vector, and a non-zero scalar.
Result 1 follows from Result 4.


$[Delisting,T:QuantConnect.Data.Market.Delisting] events provide notice that an asset is no longer trading on the exchange. A delisting warning is issued the final trading day for a stock delisting event to give you algorithm time to gracefully exit out of positions before forced termination.
def Initialize(self): self.SetStartDate(2007, 5, 16) self.SetEndDate(2007, 5, 25) self.SetCash(100000); equity = self.AddEquity("AAA", Resolution.Daily) def OnData(self, data): self.MarketOrder('AAA', 10) ## Print delisting warnings and noritifications if data.Delistings.ContainsKey('AAA'): delisting = data.Delisting['AAA'] if data.Delisting['AAA'].Delisted == 1: self.Log('AAA delisted') if data.Delisting['AAA'].Warning == 1: self.Log('AAA will be delisted at EOD')


AppActivationContext
class AppActivationContext
extends
ManagedObject
Represents the application state using a single ‘target’ path in URL format. Used by AppActivity
classes to implement routing behavior. This class is overridden by specialized implementations to work with platform features, e.g. DOM navigation in a Web browser.
Note: An instance of this object is provided by the Application
object (e.g. BrowserApplication
), and is also available on all activities and views as activationContext
.
Constructor
(): AppActivationContext
.target
string
The current full target path, in URL format without leading or trailing slashes (e.g. foo/bar/123
), defaults to the empty string. Changes to this property automatically result in a change event being emitted on the activation context instance itself.
.navigate()
(_path: string): void
Navigate to given (relative) path, in URL format or :back
to go back in history; to be overridden, the base implementation does nothing.
.match()
(path: string, activity?:
AppActivity
):
MatchedPath
path
— The activity path to match, without leading slashes (e.g.foo/bar
). Paths with a trailing slash (e.g.foo/bar/
) match the exact path as well as sub paths. Paths may contain partial captures as either:foo
or*foo
, matching a single segment without slashes and the full remainder of the target path, respectively - but not an empty segment. The prefix.
/
is replaced with the path (string) of the closest parent activity that has aAppActivity.path
string property.
activity
— The activity that is used to search for parent activities if necessary.
Check if given activity path matches the current target path.
Returns: An object with properties for all partial captures if given path matches the current target, or undefined otherwise.
.managedId
number
Inherited from ManagedObject.managedId
.
.managedState
Inherited from ManagedObject.managedState
.
.getReferenceCount() protected
(): number
Inherited from ManagedObject.getReferenceCount
.
.getManagedReferrers() protected
():
ManagedObject
[]
Inherited from ManagedObject.getManagedReferrers
.
.getManagedParent() protected
<TParent extends ManagedObject = ManagedObject>(ParentClass?:
ManagedObjectConstructor
<TParent>): TParent
Inherited from ManagedObject.getManagedParent
.
.emit()
<TEvent extends ManagedEvent = ManagedEvent, TConstructorArgs extends any[] = any[]>(e: string | TEvent | (new (...args: TConstructorArgs) => TEvent), ...constructorArgs: TConstructorArgs): this
Inherited from ManagedObject.emit
.
.emitChange()
(name?: string): void
Inherited from ManagedObject.emitChange
.
.propagateChildEvents() protected deprecated
(...types: ((new (...args: any[]) =>
ManagedEvent
) | ((e:
ManagedEvent
) => any))[]): this
Inherited from ManagedObject.propagateChildEvents
.
.activateManagedAsync() protected
(): Promise<any>
Inherited from ManagedObject.activateManagedAsync
.
.deactivateManagedAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.deactivateManagedAsync
.
.destroyManagedAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.destroyManagedAsync
.
.onManagedStateActivatingAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.onManagedStateActivatingAsync
.
.onManagedStateActiveAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.onManagedStateActiveAsync
.
.onManagedStateDeactivatingAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.onManagedStateDeactivatingAsync
.
.onManagedStateInactiveAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.onManagedStateInactiveAsync
.
.onManagedStateDestroyingAsync() protected
(): Promise<void>
Inherited from ManagedObject.onManagedStateDestroyingAsync
.
AppActivationContext.MatchedPath
Captured path segments, matched by AppActivationContext.match
.
.path
string
The full path that was matched.


Cross Domain XHR Proxy
Copy this file to the root of each server you wish to make cross origin PlayToTV requests to.


|
Drawl
0.2.0
The world's best drawing language
|
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static void | main (String[] args) throws IOException |
| Main method for integration tests. More... | |
|
static |
Main method for integration tests.
| args |
| IOException |


Much is said about ``standing on other people's shoulders, not their toes'', but in fact the wheel is re-invented every day in the Unix/C community. Worse, often it is re-invented badly, with bumps, corners, and cracks. There are ways of avoiding this: some of them bad, some of them good, most of them under-appreciated and under-used.
``Everyone knows'' that that the Unix/C community and its programmers are the very paragons of re-use of software. In some ways this is true. Brian Kernighan [1] and others have waxed eloquent about how outstanding Unix is as an environment for software re-use. Pipes, the shell, and the design of programs as `filters' do much to encourage programmers to build on others' work rather than starting from scratch. Major applications can be, and often are, written without a line of C. Of course, there are always people who insist on doing everything themselves, often citing `efficiency' as the compelling reason why they can't possibly build on the work of others (see [2] for some commentary on this). But surely these are the lamentable exceptions, rather than the rule?
Well, in a word, no.
At the level of shell programming, yes, software re-use is widespread in the Unix community. Not quite as widespread or as effective as it might be, but definitely common. When the time comes to write programs in C, however, the situation changes. It took a radical change in directory format to make people use a library to read directories. Many new programs still contain hand-crafted code to analyze their arguments, even though prefabricated help for this has been available for years. C programmers tend to think that ``re-using software'' means being able to take the source for an existing program and edit it to produce the source for a new one. While that is a useful technique, there are better ways.
Why does it matter that re-invention is rampant? Apart from the obvious, that programmers have more work to do, I mean? Well, extra work for the programmers is not exactly an unmixed blessing, even from the programmers' viewpoint! Time spent re-inventing facilities that are already available is time that is not available to improve user interfaces, or to make the program run faster, or to chase down the proverbial Last Bug. Or, to get really picky, to make the code readable and clear so that our successors can understand it.
Even more seriously, re-invented wheels are often square. Every time that a line of code is re-typed is a new chance for bugs to be introduced. There will always be the temptation to take shortcuts based on how the code will be used-shortcuts that may turn around and bite the programmer when the program is modified or used for something unexpected. An inferior algorithm may be used because it's ``good enough'' and the better algorithms are too difficult to reproduce on the spur of the moment... but the definition of ``good enough'' may change later. And unless the program is well-commented [here we pause for laughter], the next person who works on it will have to study the code at length to dispel the suspicion that there is some subtle reason for the seeming re-invention. Finally, to quote [2], if you re-invent the square wheel, you will not benefit when somebody else rounds off the corners.
In short, re-inventing the wheel ought to be a rare event, occurring only for the most compelling reasons. Using an existing wheel, or improving an existing one, is usually superior in a variety of ways. There is nothing dishonorable about stealing code* to make life easier and better.
Unix historically has flourished in environments in which full sources for the system are available. This led to the most obvious and crudest way of stealing code: copy the source of an existing program and edit it to do something new.
This approach does have its advantages. By its nature, it is the most flexible method of stealing code. It may be the only viable approach when what is desired is some variant of a complex algorithm that exists only within an existing program; a good example was V7 dumpdir (which printed a table of contents of a backup tape), visibly a modified copy of V7 restor (the only other program that understood the obscure format of backup tapes). And it certainly is easy.
On the other hand, this approach also has its problems. It creates two subtly-different copies of the same code, which have to be maintained separately. Worse, they often have to be maintained ``separately but simultaneously'', because the new program inherits all the mistakes of the original. Fixing the same bug repeatedly is so mind-deadening that there is great temptation to fix it in only the program that is actually giving trouble... which means that when the other gives trouble, re-doing the cure must be preceded by re-doing the investigation and diagnosis. Still worse, such non-simultaneous bug fixes cause the variants of the code to diverge steadily. This is also true of improvements and cleanup work.
A program created in this way may also be inferior, in some ways, to one created from scratch. Often there will be vestigial code left over from the program's evolutionary ancestors. Apart from consuming resources (and possibly harboring bugs) without a useful purpose, such vestigial code greatly complicates understanding the new program in isolation.
There is also the possibility that the new program has inherited a poor algorithm from the old one. This is actually a universal problem with stealing code, but it is especially troublesome with this technique because the original program probably was not built with such re-use in mind. Even if its algorithms were good for its intended purpose, they may not be versatile enough to do a good job in their new role.
One relatively clean form of theft via editing is to alter the original program's source to generate either desired program by conditional compilation. This eliminates most of the problems. Unfortunately, it does so only if the two programs are sufficiently similar that they can share most of the source. When they diverge significantly, the result can be a maintenance nightmare, actually worse than two separate sources. Given a close similarity, though, this method can work well.
The obvious way of using somebody else's code is to call a library function. Here, Unix has had some success stories. Almost everybody uses the stdio library rather than inventing their own buffered-I/O package. (That may sound trivial to those who never programmed on a V6 or earlier Unix but in fact it's a great improvement on the earlier state of affairs.) The simpler sorts of string manipulations are usually done with the strxxx functions rather than by hand-coding them, although efficiency issues and the wide diversity of requirements have limited these functions to less complete success. Nobody who knows about qsort bothers to write his own sorting function.
However, these success stories are pleasant islands in an ocean of mud.  They are well enough implemented, and their design flaws are seldom more than nuisances, but there aren't enough of them! Ironically, Unix ``poor cousin'', the Software Tools community [3,4], has done much better at this. Faced with a wild diversity of different operating systems, they were forced to put much more emphasis on identifying clean abstractions for system services.
For example, the Software Tools version of ls runs unchanged, without conditional compilation, on dozens of different operating systems [4]. By contrast, Unix programs that read directories invariably dealt with the raw system data structures, until Berkeley turned this cozy little world upside-down with a change to those data structures. The Berkeley implementors were wise enough to provide a library for directory access, rather than just documenting the new underlying structure. However, true to the Unix pattern, they designed a library which quietly assumed (in some of its naming conventions) that the underlying system used their structures! This particular nettle has finally been grasped firmly by the IEEE POSIX project [5], at the cost of yet another slightly-incompatible interface.
The adoption of the new directory libraries is not just a matter of convenience and portability: in general the libraries are faster than the hand-cooked code they replace. Nevertheless, Berkeley's original announcement of the change was greeted with a storm of outraged protest.
Directories, alas, are not an isolated example. The Unix community simply hasn't made much of an effort to identify common code and package it for re-use. One of the two major variants of Unix still lacks a library function for binary search, an algorithm which is notorious for both the performance boost it can produce and the difficulty of coding a fully-correct version from scratch. No major variant of Unix has a library function for either one of the following code fragments, both omnipresent (or at least, they should be omnipresent [6]) in simple* programs that use the relevant facilities:
if ((f = fopen(filename, mode)) == NULL) print error message with filename, mode, and specific reason for failure, and then exit
if ((p = malloc(amount)) == NULL) print error message and exitThese may sound utterly trivial, but in fact programmers almost never produce as good an error message for fopen as ten lines of library code can, and half the time the return value from malloc isn't checked at all!
These examples illustrate a general principle, a side benefit of stealing code: the way to encourage standardization and quality is to make it easier to be careful and standard than to be sloppy and non-standard. On systems with library functions for error-checked fopen and malloc, it is easier to use the system functions-which take some care to do ``the right thing''-than to kludge it yourself. This makes converts very quickly.
These are not isolated examples. Studying the libraries of most any Unix system will yield other ideas for useful library functions (as well as a lot of silly nonsense that Unix doesn't need, usually!). A few years of Unix systems programming also leads to recognition of repeated needs. Does your* Unix have library functions to:
The above are fairly trivial examples of the sort of things that ought to be in Unix libraries. More sophisticated libraries can also be useful, especially if the language provides better support for them than C does; C++ is an example [7]. Even in C, though, there is much room for improvement.
Adding library functions does have its disadvantages. The interface to a library function is important, and getting it right is hard. Worse, once users have started using one version of an interface, changing it is very difficult even when hindsight clearly shows mistakes; the near-useless return values of some of the common Unix library functions are obvious examples. Satisfactory handling of error conditions can be difficult. (For example, the error-checking malloc mentioned earlier is very handy for programmers, but invoking it from a library function would be a serious mistake, removing any possibility of more intelligent response to that error.) And there is the perennial headache of trying to get others to adopt your pet function, so that programs using it can be portable without having to drag the source of the function around too. For all this, though, libraries are in many ways the most satisfactory way of encouraging code theft.
Alas, encouraging code theft does not guarantee it. Even widely-available library functions often are not used nearly as much as they should be. A conspicuous example is getopt, for command-line argument parsing. Getopt supplies only quite modest help in parsing the command line, but the standardization and consistency that its use produces is still quite valuable; there are far too many pointless variations in command syntax in the hand-cooked argument parsers in most Unix programs. Public-domain implementations of getopt have been available for years, and AT&T has published (!) the source for the System V implementation. Yet people continue to write their own argument parsers. There is one valid reason for this, to be discussed in the next section. There are also a number of excuses, mostly the standard ones for not using library functions:
Templates are a major and much-neglected approach to code sharing: ``boilerplate'' programs which contain a carefully-written skeleton for some moderately stereotyped task, which can then be adapted and filled in as needed. This method has some of the vices of modifying existing programs, but the template can be designed for the purpose, with attention to quality and versatility.
Templates can be particularly useful when library functions are used in a stereotyped way that is a little complicated to write from scratch; getopt is an excellent example. The one really valid objection to getopt is that its invocation is not trivial, and typing in the correct sequence from scratch is a real test of memory. The usual getopt manual page contains a lengthy example which is essentially a template for a getopt-using program.
When the first public-domain getopt appeared, it quickly became clear that it would be convenient to have a template for its use handy. This template eventually grew to incorporate a number of other things: a useful macro or two, definition of main, opening of files in the standard Unix filter fashion, checking for mistakes like opening a directory, filename and line-number tracking for error messages, and some odds and ends. The full current version can be found in the Appendix; actually it diverged into two distinct versions when it became clear that some filters wanted the illusion of a single input stream, while others wanted to handle each input file individually (or didn't care).
The obvious objection to this line of development is ``it's more complicated than I need''. In fact, it turns out to be surprisingly convenient to have all this machinery presupplied. It is much easier to alter or delete lines of code than to add them. If directories are legitimate input, just delete the code that catches them. If no filenames are allowed as input, or exactly one must be present, change one line of code to enforce the restriction and a few more to deal with the arguments correctly. If the arguments are not filenames at all, just delete the bits of code that assume they are. And so forth.
The job of writing an ordinary filter-like program is reduced to filling in two or three blanks* in the template, and then writing the code that actually processes the data. Even quick improvisations become good-quality programs, doing things the standard way with all the proper amenities, because even a quick improvisation is easier to do by starting from the template.
Templates are also useful for other stereotyped files, even ones that are not usually thought of as programs. Most versions of Unix have a simple template for manual pages hiding somewhere (in V7 it was /usr/man/man0/xx). Shell files that want to analyze complex argument lists have the same getopt problem as C programs, with the same solution. There is enough machinery in a ``production-grade'' make file to make a template worthwhile, although this one tends to get altered fairly heavily; our current one is in the Appendix.
Source inclusion (#include) provides a way of sharing both data structures and executable code. Header files (e.g. stdio.h) in particular tend to be taken for granted. Again, those who haven't been around long enough to remember V6 Unix may have trouble grasping what a revolution it was when V7 introduced systematic use of header files!
However, even mundane header files could be rather more useful than they normally are now. Data structures in header files are widely accepted, but there is somewhat less use of them to declare the return types of functions. One or two common header files like stdio.h and math.h do this, but programmers are still used to the idea that the type of (e.g.) atol has to be typed in by hand. Actually, all too often the programmer says ``oh well, on my machine it works out all right if I don't bother declaring atol'', and the result is dirty and unportable code. The X3J11 draft ANSI standard for C addresses this by defining some more header files and requiring their use for portable programs, so that the header files can do all the work and do it right.
In principle, source inclusion can be used for more than just header files. In practice, almost anything that can be done with source inclusion can be done, and usually done more cleanly, with header files and libraries. There are occasional specialized exceptions, such as using macro definitions and source inclusion to fake parameterized data types.
Finally, it is often possible to steal another program's code simply by invoking that program. Invoking other programs via system or popen for things that are easily done in C is a common beginner's error. More experienced programmers can go too far the other way, however, insisting on doing everything in C, even when a leavening of other methods would give better results. The best way to sort a large file is probably to invoke sort(1), not to do it yourself. Even invoking a shell file can be useful, although a bit odd-seeming to most C programmers, when elaborate file manipulation is needed and efficiency is not critical.
Aside from invoking other programs at run time, it can also be useful to invoke them at compile time. Particularly when dealing with large tables, it is often better to dynamically generate the C code from some more compact and readable notation. Yacc and lex are familiar examples of this on a large scale, but simple sed and awk programs can build tables in more specialized, application-specific ways. Whether this is really theft is debatable, but it's a valuable technique all the same. It can neatly bypass a lot of objections that start with ``but C won't let me write...''.
With all these varied methods, why is code theft not more widespread? Why are so many programs unnecessarily invented from scratch?
The most obvious answer is the hardest to counter: theft requires that there be something to steal. Use of library functions is impossible unless somebody sets up a library. Designing the interfaces for library functions is not easy. Worse, doing it well requires insight, which generally isn't available on demand. The same is true, to varying degrees, for the other forms of theft.
Despite its reputation as a hotbed of software re-use, Unix is actually hostile to some of these activities. If Unix directories had been complex and obscure, directory-reading libraries would have been present from the beginning. As it is, it was simply too easy to do things ``the hard way''. There still is no portable set of functions to perform the dozen or so useful manipulations of terminal modes that a user program might want to do, a major nuisance because changing those modes ``in the raw'' is simple but highly unportable.
Finally, there is the Not Invented Here syndrome, and its relatives, Not Good Enough and Not Understood Here. How else to explain AT&T Unix's persistent lack of the dbm library for hashed databases (even though it was developed at Bell Labs and hence is available to AT&T), and Berkeley Unix's persistent lack of the full set of strxxx functions (even though a public-domain implementation has existed for years)? The X3J11 and POSIX efforts are making some progress at developing a common nucleus of functionality, but they are aiming at a common subset of current systems, when what is really wanted is a common superset.
In short, never build what you can (legally) steal! Done right, it yields better programs for less work.
C program, single stream of input
/* * name - purpose xxx * * $Log: steal.html,v $ * Revision 1.1 2011/01/18 13:28:41 lott * Initial revision * */ #includeC program, separate input files#include #include #include #define MAXSTR 500 /* For sizing strings -- DON'T use BUFSIZ! */ #define STREQ(a, b) (*(a) == *(b) && strcmp((a), (b)) == 0) #ifndef lint static char RCSid[] = "$Header: /usr/home/lott/public_html/maultech.com/chrislott/resources/cstyle/RCS/steal.html,v 1.1 2011/01/18 13:28:41 lott Exp $"; #endif int debug = 0; char *progname; char **argvp; /* scan pointer for nextfile() */ char *nullargv[] = { "-", NULL }; /* dummy argv for case of no args */ char *inname; /* filename for messages etc. */ long lineno; /* line number for messages etc. */ FILE *in = NULL; /* current input file */ extern void error(), exit(); #ifdef UTZOOERR extern char *mkprogname(); #else #define mkprogname(a) (a) #endif char *nextfile(); void fail(); /* - main - parse arguments and handle options */ main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { int c; int errflg = 0; extern int optind; extern char *optarg; void process(); progname = mkprogname(argv[0]); while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "xxxd")) != EOF) switch (c) { case 'xxx': /* xxx meaning of option */ xxx break; case 'd': /* Debugging. */ debug++; break; case '?': default: errflg++; break; } if (errflg) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s ", progname); fprintf(stderr, "xxx [file] ...\en"); exit(2); } if (optind >= argc) argvp = nullargv; else argvp = &argv[optind]; inname = nextfile(); if (inname != NULL) process(); exit(0); } /* - getline - get next line (internal version of fgets) */ char * getline(ptr, size) char *ptr; int size; { register char *namep; while (fgets(ptr, size, in) == NULL) { namep = nextfile(); if (namep == NULL) return(NULL); inname = namep; /* only after we know it's good */ } lineno++; return(ptr); } /* - nextfile - switch files */ char * /* filename */ nextfile() { register char *namep; struct stat statbuf; extern FILE *efopen(); if (in != NULL) (void) fclose(in); namep = *argvp; if (namep == NULL) /* no more files */ return(NULL); argvp++; if (STREQ(namep, "-")) { in = stdin; namep = "stdin"; } else { in = efopen(namep, "r"); if (fstat(fileno(in), &statbuf) < 0) error("can't fstat `%s'", namep); if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) error("`%s' is directory!", namep); } lineno = 0; return(namep); } /* - fail - complain and die */ void fail(s1, s2) char *s1; char *s2; { fprintf(stderr, "%s: (file `%s', line %ld) ", progname, inname, lineno); fprintf(stderr, s1, s2); fprintf(stderr, "\en"); exit(1); } /* - process - process input data */ void process() { char line[MAXSTR]; while (getline(line, (int)sizeof(line)) != NULL) { xxx } }
/* * name - purpose xxx * * $Log: steal.html,v $ * Revision 1.1 2011/01/18 13:28:41 lott * Initial revision * */ #includeMake file#include #include #include #define MAXSTR 500 /* For sizing strings -- DON'T use BUFSIZ! */ #define STREQ(a, b) (*(a) == *(b) && strcmp((a), (b)) == 0) #ifndef lint static char RCSid[] = "$Header: /usr/home/lott/public_html/maultech.com/chrislott/resources/cstyle/RCS/steal.html,v 1.1 2011/01/18 13:28:41 lott Exp $"; #endif int debug = 0; char *progname; char *inname; /* filename for messages etc. */ long lineno; /* line number for messages etc. */ extern void error(), exit(); #ifdef UTZOOERR extern char *mkprogname(); #else #define mkprogname(a) (a) #endif void fail(); /* - main - parse arguments and handle options */ main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { int c; int errflg = 0; FILE *in; struct stat statbuf; extern int optind; extern char *optarg; extern FILE *efopen(); void process(); progname = mkprogname(argv[0]); while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "xxxd")) != EOF) switch (c) { case 'xxx': /* xxx meaning of option */ xxx break; case 'd': /* Debugging. */ debug++; break; case '?': default: errflg++; break; } if (errflg) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s ", progname); fprintf(stderr, "xxx [file] ...\en"); exit(2); } if (optind >= argc) process(stdin, "stdin"); else for (; optind < argc; optind++) if (STREQ(argv[optind], "-")) process(stdin, "-"); else { in = efopen(argv[optind], "r"); if (fstat(fileno(in), &statbuf) < 0) error("can't fstat `%s'", argv[optind]); if ((statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR) error("`%s' is directory!", argv[optind]); process(in, argv[optind]); (void) fclose(in); } exit(0); } /* - process - process input file */ void process(in, name) FILE *in; char *name; { char line[MAXSTR]; inname = name; lineno = 0; while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in) != NULL) { lineno++; xxx } } /* - fail - complain and die */ void char *s1; char *s2; { fprintf(stderr, "%s: (file `%s', line %ld) ", progname, inname, lineno); fprintf(stderr, s1, s2); fprintf(stderr, "\en"); exit(1); }
# Things you might want to put in ENV and LENV: # -Dvoid=int compiler lacks void # -DCHARBITS=0377 compiler lacks unsigned char # -DSTATIC=extern compiler dislikes "static foo();" as forward decl. # -DREGISTER= machines with few registers for register variables # -DUTZOOERR have utzoo-compatible error() function and friends ENV = -DSTATIC=extern -DREGISTER= -DUTZOOERR LENV = -Dvoid=int -DCHARBITS=0377 -DREGISTER= -DUTZOOERR # Things you might want to put in TEST: # -DDEBUG debugging hooks # -I. header files in current directory TEST = -DDEBUG # Things you might want to put in PROF: # -Dstatic='/* */' make everything global so profiler can see it. # -p profiler PROF = CFLAGS = -O $(ENV) $(TEST) $(PROF) LINTFLAGS = $(LENV) $(TEST) -ha LDFLAGS = -i OBJ = xxx LSRC = xxx DTR = README dMakefile tests tests.good xxx.c xxx: xxx.o $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) xxx.o -o xxx xxx.o: xxx.h lint: $(LSRC) lint $(LINTFLAGS) $(LSRC) | tee lint r: xxx tests tests.good # Regression test. xxxtests.new diff -h tests.new tests.good && rm tests.new # Prepare good output for regression test -- name isn't "tests.good" # because human judgement is needed to decide when output is good. good: xxx tests xxx tests.good dtr: r $(DTR) makedtr $(DTR) >dtr dMakefile: Makefile sed '/^L*ENV=/s/ *-DUTZOOERR//' Makefile >dMakefile clean: rm -f *.o lint tests.new dMakefile dtr core mon.out xxx


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Notes:
- $http is the main service to communicate with a server.
- It gets a promise, with success and error options.
Main operations (CRUD):
- Get all:
- In the service, the function getAll returns $http with the get method and the api/items
url as a promise with .then (response.data) and .catch ($q.reject) options.
- In the controller, inject the service, call the service.getAll function with .then
and .catch options, and assign $scope.items to the response.
- Get one by id:
- In the route definition, we use a token to include the parameter in the url api/items/:id
- In the service, the function getOneById takes id as parameter and returns $http with
the get method, the api/items/+id url as a promise with .then (response.data) and
.catch ($q.reject) options.
- In the controller, we inject the $stateParams service, and we call the service.getOneById function
with ($stateParams.id) as parameter with .then ($scope.item = item) and .catch (error) options.
- Update one by id (put):
- In the service, the function putUpdateOne takes item as parameter and returns $http with
the get method, the api/items/+item.id, and data: item as a promise with .then
(updated item: response.config.data.title) and .catch ($q.reject) options.
- In the controller, the $scope.save function calls the service.putUpdateOne function with
$scope.item as parameter with .then (item) and .catch (error) options.
- Delete one:
- In the service, the function deleteOne takes id as parameter and returns $http with
the delete method, the api/items/+id url as a promise with .then ("deleted") and
.catch ($q.reject) options.
- In the controller, we call the service.deleteOne function
with (bookId) as parameter with .then ("deleted" and page reload with)
$state.go($state.current, {}, {reload: true});
and .catch (error) options.
Shorcuts: $http.get(url, [config]);
- Get and delete: url and config
- Post and update: url, data and config
Examples:
- Get all.
- Get One by Id and Update One: click on the "Edit" button of the previous page.


50 Ways To Be A Better Front End Developer
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Hello
i am NGABIRE GUY LANDRY
I am student at Moringaschool and i am doing Software Development
About ME
student at Moringa
Hello,i am NGABIRE GUY LANDRY .i am looking forward to bea great Software Developerthats why i decide to join moringa because i want to accomplish the ambition i had for years, on knowing how to connect stuff and create a software or web
I so far happy by the knowledge i am gaining daily ,hope to understand more by the end of this session. willing to attend next session which is core,guess will be admitted
I started this journey In High scool in Uganda at Taibah Interanational school then went to UEAB for my degree which is stil in pending right now i am happy to have been admitted to Moringa school


The location where you can run your transaction depends on where you are storing your data.
Transactions must operate on a data set that is hosted entirely by one member.
- For replicated or other distributed regions, the transaction uses only the data set in the member where the transaction is run.
- For partitioned regions, you must colocate all your transactional data in a single member. See Colocate Data from Different Partitioned Regions.
- For transactions run on partitioned and distributed region mixes, you must colocate the partitioned region data and make sure the distributed region data is available in any member hosting the partitioned region data.
For transactions involving partitioned regions, any member with the regions defined can orchestrate the transactional operations, regardless of whether that member hosts data for the regions. If the transactional data resides on a remote member, the transaction is carried out by proxy in the member hosting the data. The member hosting the data is referred to as the transaction host.
The first operation determines and sets the transaction host for any transactions involving partitioned regions. Therefore, in a system that colocates data, the first operation must be to the host with the colocated data, such that the transaction host is the one with the colocated data. The first operation must not be to a replicated region, as any member might become the transaction host. If the wrong member becomes the transaction host, accesses of partitioned region data will result in an exception.


EventGeolocation |
Event to update Geolocation inside the SDK. class EventGeolocation |
EventIDFA |
Event to update IDFA inside the SDK. class EventIDFA |
EventProbeFailure |
Event to update notify user about a probe request failure. class EventProbeFailure |
EventProbeLog |
Event to update notify user about a log event. class EventProbeLog |
EventProbeSuccess |
Event to update notify user about a probe request success. class EventProbeSuccess |


I understand the desire to shower in the morning. It’s a nice, fresh way to wake yourself and start the day. I don’t understand only showering in the morning.
The day is when you get dirty. Bringing that dirt to bed then washing it off in the morning, just in time to get dirty again doesn’t make sense. The bed is clean, if you want to be clean the next day showering only at night is works because you don’t get dirty while you sleep.
If you hold water preservation goals and limit yourself to a single shower per day, the evening option has to be the way to go. Sleep clean, start the day clean.


--- layout: post title: "Pure times in F#" description: "A Polling Consumer implementation written in F#." date: 2017-07-04 7:07 UTC tags: [Software Design, F#, Functional Programming] image: "/content/binary/polling-consumer-finite-state-machine.png" image_alt: "Polling Consumer state machine transition diagram" --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
Previously, you saw how to implement a Polling Consumer in Haskell. This proves that it's possible to write pure functional code modelling long-running interactions with the (impure) world. In this article, you'll see how to port the Haskell code to F#.
For reference, I'll repeat the state transition diagram here:
For a complete description of the goals and constraints of this particular Polling Consumer implementation, see my earlier Type Driven Development article, or, even better, watch my Pluralsight course Type-Driven Development with F#.
The program has to keep track of various durations. You can model these as naked TimeSpan
values, but in order to add extra type safety, you can, instead, define them as separate types:
type PollDuration = PollDuration of TimeSpan type IdleDuration = IdleDuration of TimeSpan type HandleDuration = HandleDuration of TimeSpan type CycleDuration = { PollDuration : PollDuration HandleDuration : HandleDuration }
This is a straightforward port of the Haskell code. See the previous article for more details about the motivation for doing this.
You can now define the states of the finite state machine:
type State<'msg> = | ReadyState of CycleDuration list | ReceivedMessageState of (CycleDuration list * PollDuration * 'msg) | NoMessageState of (CycleDuration list * PollDuration) | StoppedState of CycleDuration list
Again, this is a straight port of the Haskell code.
The Polling Consumer must interact with its environment in various ways:
type PollingInstruction<'msg, 'next> = | CurrentTime of (DateTimeOffset -> 'next) | Poll of (('msg option * PollDuration) -> 'next) | Handle of ('msg * (HandleDuration -> 'next)) | Idle of (IdleDuration * (IdleDuration -> 'next))
Once more, this is a direct translation of the Haskell code, but from here, this is where your F# code will have to deviate from Haskell. In Haskell, you can, with a single line of code, declare that such a type is a functor. This isn't possible in F#. Instead, you have to explicitly write a map function. This isn't difficult, though. There's a reason that the Haskell compiler can automate this:
// ('a -> 'b) -> PollingInstruction<'c,'a> -> PollingInstruction<'c,'b> let private mapI f = function | CurrentTime next -> CurrentTime (next >> f) | Poll next -> Poll (next >> f) | Handle (x, next) -> Handle (x, next >> f) | Idle (x, next) -> Idle (x, next >> f)
The function is named mapI
, where the I
stands for instruction. It's private
because the next step is to package the functor in a monad. From that monad, you can define a new functor, so in order to prevent any confusion, I decided to hide the underlying functor from any consumers of the API.
Defining a map function for a generic type like PollingInstruction<'msg, 'next>
is well-defined. Pattern-match each union case and return the same case, but with the next
function composed with the input function argument f
: next >> f
. In later articles, you'll see more examples, and you'll see how this recipe is entirely repeatable and automatable.
While a functor isn't an explicit concept in F#, this is how PollingInstruction msg next
is a Functor
in Haskell. Given a functor, you can produce a free monad. The reason you'd want to do this is that once you have a monad, you can get syntactic sugar. Currently, PollingInstruction<'msg, 'next>
only enables you to create Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs), but the programming experience would be cumbersome and alien. Monads give you automatic do
notation in Haskell; in F#, it enables you to write a computation expression builder.
Haskell's type system enables you to make a monad from a functor with a one-liner: type PollingProgram msg = Free (PollingInstruction msg)
. In F#, you'll have to write some boilerplate code. First, you have to define the monadic type:
type PollingProgram<'msg, 'next> = | Free of PollingInstruction<'msg, PollingProgram<'msg, 'next>> | Pure of 'next
You already saw a hint of such a type in the previous article. The PollingProgram<'msg, 'next>
discriminated union defines two cases: Free
and Pure
. The Free
case is a PollingInstruction
that produces a new PollingProgram
as its next step. In essence, this enables you to build an AST, but you also need a signal to stop and return a value from the AST. That's the purpose of the Pure
case.
Such a type is only a monad if it defines a bind
function (that obey the monad laws):
// ('a -> PollingProgram<'b,'c>) -> PollingProgram<'b,'a> // -> PollingProgram<'b,'c> let rec bind f = function | Free instruction -> instruction |> mapI (bind f) |> Free | Pure x -> f x
This bind
function pattern-matches on Free
and Pure
, respectively. In the Pure
case, it simply uses the underlying result value x
as an input argument to f
. In the Free
case, it composes the underlying functor (mapI
) with itself recursively. If you find this step obscure, I will not blame you. Just like the implementation of mapI
is a bit of boilerplate code, then so is this. It always seems to work this way. If you want to dig deeper into the inner workings of this, then Scott Wlaschin has a detailed explanation.
With the addition of bind
PollingProgram<'msg, 'next>
becomes a monad (I'm not going to show that the monad laws hold, but they do). Making it a functor is trivial:
// ('a -> 'b) -> PollingProgram<'c,'a> -> PollingProgram<'c,'b> let map f = bind (f >> Pure)
The underlying PollingInstruction
type was already a functor. This function makes PollingProgram
a functor as well.
It'll be convenient with some functions that lifts each PollingInstruction
case to a corresponding PollingProgram
value. In Haskell, you can use the liftF
function for this, but in F# you'll have to be slightly more explicit:
// PollingProgram<'a,DateTimeOffset> let currentTime = Free (CurrentTime Pure) // PollingProgram<'a,('a option * PollDuration)> let poll = Free (Poll Pure) // 'a -> PollingProgram<'a,HandleDuration> let handle msg = Free (Handle (msg, Pure)) // IdleDuration -> PollingProgram<'a,IdleDuration> let idle duration = Free (Idle (duration, Pure))
currentTime
and poll
aren't even functions, but values. They are, however, small PollingProgram
values, so while they look like values (as contrasted to functions), they represent singular executable instructions.
handle
and idle
are both functions that return PollingProgram
values.
You can now implement a small computation expression builder:
type PollingBuilder () = member this.Bind (x, f) = Polling.bind f x member this.Return x = Pure x member this.ReturnFrom x = x member this.Zero () = this.Return ()
As you can tell, not much is going on here. The Bind
method simply delegates to the above bind
function, and the rest are trivial one-liners.
You can create an instance of the PollingBuilder
class so that you can write PollingProgram
s with syntactic sugar:
let polling = PollingBuilder ()
This enables you to write polling
computation expressions. You'll see examples of this shortly.
Most of the code you've seen here is automated in Haskell. This means that while you'll have to explicitly write it in F#, it follows a recipe. Once you get the hang of it, it doesn't take much time. The maintenance overhead of the code is also minimal, because you're essentially implementing a universal abstraction. It's not going to change.
Continuing the port of the previous article's Haskell code, you can write a pair of support functions. These are small PollingProgram
values:
// IdleDuration -> DateTimeOffset -> PollingProgram<'a,bool> let private shouldIdle (IdleDuration d) stopBefore = polling { let! now = Polling.currentTime return now + d < stopBefore }
This shouldIdle
function uses the polling
computation expression defined above. It first uses the above Polling.currentTime
value to get the current time. While Polling.currentTime
is a value of the type PollingProgram<'b,DateTimeOffset>
, the let!
binding makes now
a simple DateTimeOffset
value. Computation expressions give you the same sort of syntactic sugar that do
notation does in Haskell.
If you add now
to d
, you get a new DateTimeOffset
value that represents the time that the program will resume, if it decides to suspend itself for the idle duration. If this time is before stopBefore
, the return value is true
; otherwise, it's false
. Similar to the Haskell example, the return value of shouldIdle
isn't just bool
, but rather PollingProgram<'a,bool>
, because it all takes place inside the polling
computation expression.
The function looks impure, but it is pure.
In the same vein, you can implement a shouldPoll
function:
// CycleDuration -> TimeSpan let toTotalCycleTimeSpan x = let (PollDuration pd) = x.PollDuration let (HandleDuration hd) = x.HandleDuration pd + hd // TimeSpan -> DateTimeOffset -> CycleDuration list -> PollingProgram<'a,bool> let private shouldPoll estimatedDuration stopBefore statistics = polling { let expectedHandleDuration = statistics |> List.map toTotalCycleTimeSpan |> Statistics.calculateExpectedDuration estimatedDuration let! now = Polling.currentTime return now + expectedHandleDuration < stopBefore }
This function uses two helper functions: toTotalCycleTimeSpan
and Statistics.calculateExpectedDuration
. I've included toTotalCycleTimeSpan
in the code shown here, while I'm skipping Statistics.calculateExpectedDuration
, because it hasn't changed since the code I show in my Pluralsight course. You can also see the function in the GitHub repository accompanying this article.
Compared to shouldIdle
, the shouldPoll
function needs an extra (pure) step in order to figure out the expectedHandleDuration
, but from there, the two functions are similar.
All building blocks are now ready for the finite state machine. In order to break the problem into manageable pieces, you can write a function for each state. Such a function should take as input the data associated with a particular state, and return the next state, based on the input.
The simplest transition is when the program reaches the end state, because there's no way out of that state:
// CycleDuration list -> PollingProgram<'a,State<'b>> let transitionFromStopped s = polling { return StoppedState s }
The data contained in a StoppedState
case has the type CycleDuration list
, so the transitionFromStopped
function simply lifts such a list to a PollingProgram
value by returning a StoppedState
value from within a polling
computation expression.
Slightly more complex, but still simple, is the transition out of the received state. There's no branching logic involved. You just have to handle the message, measure how much time it takes, append the measurements to previous statistics, and return to the ready state:
// CycleDuration list * PollDuration * 'a -> PollingProgram<'a,State<'b>> let transitionFromReceived (statistics, pd, msg) = polling { let! hd = Polling.handle msg return { PollDuration = pd; HandleDuration = hd } :: statistics |> ReadyState }
This function uses the Polling.handle
convenience function to handle the input message. Although the handle
function returns a PollingProgram<'a,HandleDuration>
value, the let!
binding inside of a polling
computation expression makes hd
a HandleDuration
value.
The data contained within a ReceivedMessageState
case is a CycleDuration list * PollDuration * 'msg
tuple. That's the input argument to the transitionFromReceived
function, which immediately pattern-matches the tuple's three elements into statistics
, pd
, and msg
.
The pd
element is the PollDuration
- i.e. the time it took to reach the received state. The hd
value returned by Polling.handle
gives you the time it took to handle the message. From those two values you can create a new CycleDuration
value, and cons (::
) it onto the previous statistics
. This returns an updated list of statistics that you can pipe to the ReadyState
case constructor.
ReadyState
in itself creates a new State<'msg>
value, but since all of this takes place inside a polling
computation expression, the return type of the function becomes PollingProgram<'a,State<'b>>
.
The transitionFromReceived
function handles the state when the program has received a message, but you also need to handle the state when no message was received:
// IdleDuration -> DateTimeOffset -> CycleDuration list * 'a // -> PollingProgram<'b,State<'c>> let transitionFromNoMessage d stopBefore (statistics, _) = polling { let! b = shouldIdle d stopBefore if b then do! Polling.idle d |> Polling.map ignore return ReadyState statistics else return StoppedState statistics }
This function first calls the shouldIdle
support function. Similar to Haskell, you can see how you can compose larger PollingProgram
s from smaller PollingProgram
values - just like you can compose 'normal' functions from smaller functions.
With the syntactic sugar in place, b
is simply a bool
value that you can use in a standard if/then/else
expression. If b
is false
, then return a StoppedState
value; otherwise, continue with the next steps.
Polling.idle
returns the duration of the suspension, but you don't actually need this data, so you can ignore
it. When Polling.idle
returns, you can return a ReadyState
value.
It may look as though that do!
expression is a blocking call, but it really isn't. The transitionFromNoMessage
function only builds an Abstract Syntax Tree, where one of the instructions suggests that an interpreter could block. Unless evaluated by an impure interpreter, transitionFromNoMessage
is pure.
The final transition is the most complex, because there are three possible outcomes:
// TimeSpan -> DateTimeOffset -> CycleDuration list // -> PollingProgram<'a,State<'a>> let transitionFromReady estimatedDuration stopBefore statistics = polling { let! b = shouldPoll estimatedDuration stopBefore statistics if b then let! pollResult = Polling.poll match pollResult with | Some msg, pd -> return ReceivedMessageState (statistics, pd, msg) | None, pd -> return NoMessageState (statistics, pd) else return StoppedState statistics }
In the same way that transitionFromNoMessage
uses shouldIdle
, the transitionFromReady
function uses the shouldPoll
support function to decide whether or not to keep going. If b
is false
, it returns a StoppedState
value.
Otherwise, it goes on to poll
. Thanks to all the syntactic sugar, pollResult
is an 'a option * PollDuration
value. As always, when you have a discriminated union, you can handle all cases with pattern matching (and the compiler will help you keep track of whether or not you've handled all of them).
In the Some
case, you have a message, and the duration it took to poll for that message. This is all the data you need to return a ReceivedMessageState
value.
In the None
case, you also have the poll duration pd
; return a NoMessageState
value.
That's four transition functions that you can combine in a single function that, for any state, returns a new state:
// TimeSpan -> IdleDuration -> DateTimeOffset -> State<'a> // -> PollingProgram<'a,State<'a>> let transition estimatedDuration idleDuration stopBefore = function | ReadyState s -> transitionFromReady estimatedDuration stopBefore s | ReceivedMessageState s -> transitionFromReceived s | NoMessageState s -> transitionFromNoMessage idleDuration stopBefore s | StoppedState s -> transitionFromStopped s
You simply pattern-match the (implicit) input argument with the four state cases, and call the appropriate transition function for each case.
The transition
function is pure. It returns a PollingProgram
value. How do you turn it into something that performs real work?
You write an interpreter:
// PollingProgram<Msg,'a> -> 'a let rec interpret = function | Pure x -> x | Free (CurrentTime next) -> DateTimeOffset.Now |> next |> interpret | Free (Poll next) -> Imp.poll () |> next |> interpret | Free (Handle (msg, next)) -> Imp.handle msg |> next |> interpret | Free (Idle (d, next)) -> Imp.idle d |> next |> interpret
A PollingProgram
is either a Pure
or a Free
case. In the Free
case, the contained data is a PollingInstruction
value, which can be one of four separate cases. With pattern matching, the interpreter handles all five cases.
In the Pure
case, it returns the value, but in all the Free
cases, it recursively calls itself after having first followed the instruction in each PollingInstruction
case. For instance, when the instruction is CurrentTime
, it invokes DateTimeOffset.Now
, passes the return value (a DateTimeOffset
value) to the next
continuation, and then recursively calls interpret
. The next instruction, then, could be another Free
case, or it could be Pure
.
The other three instruction cases delegate to implementation functions defined in an Imp
module. I'm not going to show them here. They're normal, although impure, F# functions.
You're almost done. You have a function that returns a new state for any given input state, as well as an interpreter. You need a function that can repeat this in a loop until it reaches StoppedState
:
// TimeSpan -> IdleDuration -> DateTimeOffset -> State<Msg> -> State<Msg> let rec run estimatedDuration idleDuration stopBefore s = let ns = PollingConsumer.transition estimatedDuration idleDuration stopBefore s |> interpret match ns with | PollingConsumer.StoppedState _ -> ns | _ -> run estimatedDuration idleDuration stopBefore ns
This function calls PollingConsumer.transition
with the input state s
, which returns a new PollingProgram<Msg,PollingConsumer.State<Msg>>
value that you can pipe to the interpret
function. That gives you the new state ns
. If ns
is a StoppedState
, you return; otherwise, you recurse into run
for another round.
Finally, you can write the entry point for the application:
[<EntryPoint>] let main _ = let timeAtEntry = DateTimeOffset.Now printOnEntry timeAtEntry let stopBefore = timeAtEntry + limit let estimatedDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds 2. let idleDuration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds 5. |> IdleDuration let durations = PollingConsumer.ReadyState [] |> run estimatedDuration idleDuration stopBefore |> PollingConsumer.durations |> List.map PollingConsumer.toTotalCycleTimeSpan printOnExit timeAtEntry durations // Return 0. This indicates success. 0
This defines an estimated duration of 2 seconds, an idle duration of 5 seconds, and a maximum run time of 60 seconds (limit
). The initial state is ReadyState
with no prior statistics. Pass all these arguments to the run
function, and you have a running program.
This function also uses a few printout functions that I'm not going to show here. When you run the program, you should see output like this:
Started polling at 11:18:28. Polling Handling Polling Handling Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Handling Polling Handling Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Handling Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Sleeping Polling Handling Stopped polling at 11:19:26. Elapsed time: 00:00:58.4428980. Handled 6 message(s). Average duration: 00:00:01.0550346 Standard deviation: 00:00:00.3970599
It does, indeed, exit before 60 seconds have elapsed.
You can model long-running interactions with an Abstract Syntax Tree. Without computation expressions, writing programs as 'raw' ASTs would be cumbersome, but turning the AST into a (free) monad makes it all quite palatable.
Haskell code with a free monad can be ported to F#, although some boilerplate code is required. That code, however, is unlikely to be much of a burden, because it follows a well-known recipe that implements a universal abstraction.
For more details on how to write free monads in F#, see Pure interactions.


This is a test page that has no visible test content. There is a global locationBarComponent variable that can be interrogated.


Oh...My apologies, I thought for a moment that you may have been one of my students at the Xavier Institute for Gifted Youngsters. My name is Professor Charles Xavier, and much like my students in the X-Men I am a mutant gifted with the ability to read the thoughts of others. In fact, something is telling me that you too may possess similar psychic abilities. Perhaps a simple test could determine whether I am right or not...
Let us begin with something simple. I will think of a single letter in the alphabet and you will try to read my thoughts to find the correct answer. If you can guess the letter we may even be able to find a place for you on this most uncanny team of ours.


The task is to write a program that outputs pairs of airplanes that are in danger of collision.
Each airplane (let’s just call them points) has two coordinates [x, y] and a name. Your goal is to write out the shortest distance that can be found between these points and the names of the points that are separated by that distance.
The input & output could look something like this:
Input:
[0, 0] Airplane1
[5, 5] Airplane2
[3, 0] Airplane3
[8, 5] Airplane4
Output:
Shortest distance: 3
Airplane1 - Airplane3
Airplane2 - Airplane4
For our solution, we’ll be using a divide and conquer approach as described here
The quick summary goes like this:
we take our points and split them in half:
we calculate the shortest distance between 2 points in each half:
we check if there is a pair of points in closer proximity to each other than the distance that we already found, on the edge of these 2 groups:
a) The x coordinate at which we split our points is the x coordinate of a point at the (n/2)-th index when our points are sorted by x.
b) Calculating the shortest distance in the left and right group respectively is done recursively by the same algorithm until there are only around 3 - 4 points left and then we just do a brute force search.
c) Splitting the points and calculating the shortest distance in each group takes O(log N) time.
d) Calculating the shortest distance on the edges of our groups takes O(n) time, here’s why:
When traversing the array of points that are located in the strip shown above (going from lowest to highest), the shortest distance can only occur between points that are separated by less than 8 points of each other when sorted by Y. Look at this visualization below:
Imagine drawing a rectangle like this for every point you visit when traversing the array. You can’t fit more than 8 points in it, because if you could, the distance d would be smaller since it represents the shortest distance between 2 points on each side.
So since we’re checking only up to 8 points for each point, the complexity is O(n).
e) Deriving from the observations above, at each step of our recursive algorithm, we’ll need to have our points saved twice, ordered by x in one array (to split them into 2 groups) and ordered by y in another array (to traverse the strip).
The reason is, that the algorithm above assumes unique x coordinates for each point. Meaning, 2 points can’t share the same x coordinate, which isn’t the case in our problem.
So how can this go wrong?
Well, your sorting will most definitely fail. Imagine an input of points with x values like this:
1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
You pick the middle point (5), and split the array that is ordered by Y into two groups: points with X that is smaller than 5 and points with X bigger or equal to 5 and get 2 groups:
1 2 3 4
and
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
And from this point onwards, you won’t ever split the fives apart meaning that your algorithm will never stop.
To fix this, we are going to choose more than one “middle point” when splitting our points into 2 groups and we won’t be including them in neither of these groups. More precisely, we are going to choose all points that have the same X as the point at the (n/2)-th index, as our middle points.
After that, we will calculate the shortest distance in each group and then traverse the strip with our middle points included.
The problem that is most likely arising here is, that the 8 point rule described above doesn’t hold anymore. If we get an input with points that have the same X and Y and they end up as our middle points, then there can be an infinite amount of points in our rectangle that is visualized above.
To mitigate this, we just simply allocate another dynamic array to hold the indexes of all points that are less than d (the shortest distance that we found so far) below our current point, when we traverse the split.
With all that, our algorithm should now be modified enough to work on this particular problem.


THE AMERICANIZATION OF EMILY
A film review by Ralph Benner
Copyright 1996 Ralph Benner
Based on William Bradford Huie's novel, THE AMERICANIZATION OF EMILY has got to be one of the most pleasant surprises of the 60s -- a low-scale, sassy anti-war love story. Adapted by the late Paddy Chayefsky, it's a precursor of sorts to his irreverent, anti-establishment screenplays THE HOSPITAL and NETWORK. Fronting as a Navy Commander-aide de camp to Admiral Melvyn Douglas, James Garner is really one of the infamous "dog-robbers" of WW II, those notorious personal assistants as foxy purchasing agents who made sure that every imaginable need, want and vice were provided for their bosses. (The robbers continue today.) Garner's not supposed to be quite so attractive, what with his shit-eating grin, his practicing cowardice, his ever-ready boxes of Hershey's and -- to the amazement of all who see it -- his small warehouse of contraband like a miniature Harrods. But in that those he encounters -- especially Julie Andrews as Emily and her mother -- have all suffered from the mounting death from war, his recreant's honesty is acid-laced yet magnetic: "God save us from all the people who do the right thing." Sizing up Andrews' reserved smugness, he cracks, "You're something of a prig."  Garner's Charlie is Huie's creation, but it's Paddy who put Charlie on the soap box: his word heaps have the unmistakable pitch of Paddy's rantings on hypocrisy; viewers not having seen EMILY but who have seen NETWORK will be reminded of Peter Finch's Howard Beale. Never better, Andrews' Englishwoman's shell has cracks in it, some secrets oozing out -- confirmed by Andrews to Mike Wallace on a recent 60 Minutes, on which she admits that she had a "wonderful time" doing loves scenes with Garner. (When those shots were finished, she said, "My knees buckled.") In Look magazine back in 1966, famed photographer of women Douglas Kirkland confirmed her polished dishiness with a color blow-up showing tantalizing cleavage; as Alfie might say, she's one sexy bird. (Mind you, that's thirty years ago, but I recall that picture well because I had it hanging inside my Army barracks locker in Wurzburg.) EMILY as full introduction to Andrews gave me a goodie-goodie immunization and for this I'm still thankful, because I was lucky enough not to have first suffered shattered ear drums from her piercing-like singing or feel oppressed by the sugar-weighted baggage of Maria. Her Emily is prig, is bitch, and if her novice movie acting shows, it's fitting: English Emily is a closet case, outwardly the stoic martyress, inside as much of a sensualist as extrovert Charlie. And Garner's waggish, effortless sleaze is irony of the most charming kind: his Charlie's rapid-fire ravings reverb as wisdom even while admitting, despite prangs of conscience, he's "not equipped to deal with the truth," most particularly in light of the hero worship he'll receive as the first victim on Omaha Beach to come back from the dead. If there are too many harangues -- like an addiction, Paddy often didn't know when to stop -- Garner makes them worth listening to; you sense that he knows as an actor that he might never get dialogue this meaty again. (So far he hasn't.) Directing Paddy's THE HOSPITAL too, and inexplicably nominated for a best director Oscar for LOVE STORY, it's pretty much unchallenged that EMILY remains Arthur Hiller's best movie. His confining, pedestrian style showcases Paddy's zesty pontifications and the cast's equally joyful verve in reciting them. Douglas, who won the Oscar for HUD the year before, proves once more there's gold to be mined in character parts. His Admiral's crazed visions of military glory via subterfuge have uncomplimentary echoes. Try to avoid the colorized version: it has all the hues of a latrine.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


IP_Calculator / U-16
Click the [New Problem] button to start
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Blender Conference 2019 Recap
by Bart VeldhuizenFrancesco Siddi has posted an overview of the recent Blender Conference in Amsterdam.
With almost 600 attendees from all over the world and over 70 presentations packed with technical, educational and entertaining content, this was the best Blender Conference yet!


Ploror688.github.io
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Common core writing assignments. The GCE A-level is a linear qualification taken over two years by english a level coursework help students at school A (slightly long) coursework help video, to use if you re struggling with the Literature coursework (comparison of 2 novels). Please watch The Standards by grade level and band provide useful specificity but allow schools and districts flexibility in course design. Teachers are free to provide students. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS - IB, SAT, IGCSE, A-level. Find free coursework examples here. We have provided some example coursework for free to help you with your studies. Example English Language Coursework. The College Board - CLEP – Get College Credit
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Restaurant of the Year accolade comes to Mayo
Flannery's Bistro, Ballinrobe, has been named Restaurant of the Year at the 2019 Food Awards Ireland.
The event, held in Dublin, recognised the achievements of local suppliers, wholesalers, restaurants and chefs - among others involved in the industry.
Flannery's Bistro took the Connaught awar for Restaurant of the Year before being named as national overall winner of the crown.
Puddleducks Café in Cong was named Best Cafe/Bistro of the Year in Connaught, and Treanlaur Catering, based in Julians of Midfield, Swinford, secured the Highly Commended Caterer of the Year award.


Ruth Bader Ginsburg released from hospital
by Mark MooreJustice Ruth Bader Ginsburg has been released from a Baltimore hospital and is recovering at her Washington, D.C., home, a Supreme Court spokeswoman said Sunday.
Ginsburg, 86, is “doing well” after being treated for a possible infection, said Kathy Arberg.
The justice was taken to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore on Friday after experiencing chills and fever.
She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and fluids during her two-day stay and the symptoms subsided.
Appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1993, Ginsburg has been battling health issues over the past few years.
She underwent surgery for lung cancer last December and had radiation treatment for a tumor on her pancreas in August.
With Post wires


Buttons wired into a microcontroller for digital reading experience a phenomenon called Button Bounce . This is when upon being pressed, the button does not close all at once. Instead, the button "bounces" between an open and closed state before fully transitioning to a closed state.
If a microcontroller reads the button state in the middle of this transition period, it is uncertain what the read result will be. In order to fix this, all button reads should be Debounced
To debounce, simply read the button twice, with a fixed waiting time between reads that is greater than the rated bounce time (typically given by the manufacturer).
If the two reads agree, the observed state is "stable" and the read is good. If the two reads disagree, the observed state is "unstable", or perhaps the result of electrical noise. The read data should be ignored.
© 2017


django-articleappkit 0.2b1 documentation
Table of Contents
This is the core model and basis for all management. It includes the basic fields.
Required CharField(255)
The title or headline of the item.
CharField(255)
An optional subtitle or subheadline for the item.
Required SlugField
URL-friendly title. It is automatically generated from the title.
TextField
Is this item active. If it is inactive, all children are set to inactive as well.
Required TextField
The primary content of the item. The “article” of ArticleBase.
A mixin that adds a relation to another model (typically auth.User)
ForeignKey ( django.contrib.auth.models.User )
The model to which this field relates is set in AUTHOR_MODEL. The default is auth.User. You can limit the choices available using the AUTHOR_MODEL_LIMIT setting.
In your custom Admin class, you may want to include this field in raw_id_fields to reduce load time.
A mixin that adds a many-to-many relation to another model (typically auth.User)
ManyToManyField ( django.contrib.auth.models.User )
The model to which this field relates is set in AUTHOR_MODEL. The default is auth.User. You can limit the choices available using the AUTHOR_MODEL_LIMIT setting.
A mixin that adds a character field to set a one-time or non-staff author
CharField(200)
An HTML-formatted rendering of an author or authors not on staff.
A mixin that allows author’s to upload a file to their article. Manages the height and width in fields and provides for a credit to the media’s author as well.
A custom Django FileField that uses the name of the model as the default upload_to location. IMAGE_STORAGE allows for customization of the storage engine and IMAGE_UPLOAD_TO allows customization of the upload_to path.
IntegerField
A private field for keeping track of the key image’s width. This field is auto-populated when the record is saved.
IntegerField
A private field for keeping track of the key image’s height. This field is auto-populated when the record is saved.
CharField(255)
An optional field to store an attribution for the key image, if necessary
Publishing Mixins provide for a workflow, even if it is as simple as “Draft->Finished”. With a workflow, only one state is viewable on the site.
This mixin provides for a simple, linear workflow using a choice list. Four settings define crucial aspects to the workflow:
Required IntegerField
The current state of the article.
DateField
The date in which the article was or will be published. The date and time are separated to provide support for uniqueness by date published. A datetime value will allow multiple articles with the same slug on the same date, since the published times will likely be different.
TimeField
The time in which the article was or will be published.
boolean property
The published property allows the workflow to act like a boolean. It returns True if the article’s PubWorkflowMixin.status equals the PUBLISHED_STATUS.
If you set this attribute to True, it updates its PubWorkflowMixin.pub_date and PubWorkflowMixin.pub_time and the PubWorkflowMixin.status to PUBLISHED_STATUS.
If you set this attribute to False, it updates its PubWorkflowMixin.status to UNPUBLISHED_STATUS.
A subclass of Manager that adds a PubWorkflowManager.published() method.


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User story: I can get the IP address, language and operating system for my browser.
api/whoami/
{ "ipaddress": "<IP_ADDRESS>", "language": "en", "software": "X11; Linux x86_64" }