--- layout: post title: "Abstruse nomenclature" description: "Some thoughts on programming terminology." date: 2021-06-07 5:36 UTC tags: [Miscellaneous] image: "/content/binary/venn-diagram-of-score-classes.png" image_alt: "Venn diagram of the members of five classes." --- {% include JB/setup %}
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Functional programming has a reputation for abstruse nomenclature:
I've already discussed when x, y, and z are great variable names, and I don't intend to say more about that sort of naming here. (And to be clear, zygohistomorphic prepromorphisms are a joke.)"Functional programmer: (noun) One who names variables "x", names functions "f", and names code patterns "zygohistomorphic prepromorphism""
What I would like to talk about is the contrast to the impenetrable jargon of functional programming: the crystal-clear vocabulary of object-oriented design. Particularly, I'd like to talk about polymorphism.
As Wikipedia puts it (retrieved 2021-06-04), polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types. This doesn't quite fit with the actual meaning of the word, though.
The word polymorphism is derived from Greek. Poly means many, and morphism stems from μορφή (morphḗ), which means shape. Putting all of this together, polymorphism means many-shape.
How does that fit with the idea of having a single interface? Not very well, I think.
I suppose that if you view the idea of object-oriented polymorphism from the implementer's perspective, talking about many shapes makes marginal sense. Consider, for example, two classes from a recent article. Imagine, for example, that we replace every character in the Advantage
code with an x
:
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx x xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x x
This trick of replacing all characters with x
to see the shape of code is one I picked up from Kevlin Henney. Try to do the same with the Deuce
struct from the same article:
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x x
Clearly, these two classes have different shapes.
You could argue that all classes have different shapes, but what unites Advantage
with Deuce
(and three other classes) is that they implement a common interface called IScore
. In a sense you can view an IScore
object as an object that can have multiple shapes; i.e. a polymorphism.
While there's some soundness to this view, as terminology goes, the most important part is only implicitly understood. Yes, all objects have different shapes (poly-morphic), but in order to be a polymorphism, they must present as one.
In practice, most of us understand what the other means if one of us says polymorphism, but this is only because we've learned what the word means in the context of object-oriented programming.
The above outline doesn't present how I usually think about polymorphism. I've deliberately tried to steelman it.
When I think of polymorphism, I usually focus on what two or more classes may have in common. Instead of replacing every character with an x
, try instead to reduce the Advantage
and Deuce
structs to their public interfaces. First, Advantage
:
public struct Advantage : IScore { public Advantage(Player player) public Player Player { get; } public void BallTo(Player winner, Game game) }
Now do the same with Deuce
:
public struct Deuce : IScore { public readonly static IScore Instance public void BallTo(Player winner, Game game) }
These two APIs are clearly different, yet they have something in common: the BallTo
method. In fact, you can draw a Venn diagram of the public members of all five IScore
classes:
Incidentally, three of the five classes (Forty
, Advantage
, and CompletedGame
) also share a Player
property, but all five share the BallTo
method. Singling out that method yields the IScore
interface:
public interface IScore { void BallTo(Player winner, Game game); }
Such a (statically-typed) common API is what I usually think of when I think of polymorphism. It's the shape that all five classes have in common. When viewed through the lens of the IScore
interface, all five classes have the same form!
The term polymorphism (many shapes) makes little sense in this light. Really, it ought to have been called isomorphism (equal shape), but unfortunately, that word already means something else.
Sometimes, when you discover that the Greek word for a term is already taken, you can use Latin instead. Let's see, what would one shape be in Latin? Uniform? Yeah, that's also taken.
Okay, I'm cheating by deliberately picking words that are already taken. Perhaps a better option might be idiomorphism, from Greek, ἴδιος (idios, “own, personal, distinct”).
The point of all of this really isn't to harp on polymorphism in particular. This term is well understood in our industry, so there's no pragmatic reason to change it.
Rather, I wish to point out the following:
This is true also in programming. Without a context, polymorphism can mean many things. In biology, for example, it means the occurrence of two or more clearly different forms within a species, for example light and black jaguars (the animal, not the car - another example that a word belongs in a context).
This type of polymorphism in biology reminds me more of role interfaces, where a single class can implement several interfaces, but perhaps that's just me.
Ultimately, industry terminology is opaque until you learn it. Some words may be easier to learn than others, but looks can be deceiving. Inheritance may sound straightforward, but in object-oriented design, inheritance doesn't entail the death of someone else. Additionally, in programming languages with single inheritance, descendants can only inherit once. As a metaphor, inheritance is mediocre at best.
Another friendly-sounding piece of terminology is encapsulation - despite the fact that it's essentially Latin, just warped by two millennia of slight linguistic drift. Even so, this most fundamental concept of object-oriented design is also the most misunderstood. The word itself doesn't much help communicating the concept.
Finally, I wish to remind my English-speaking readers that not all programmers have English as their native language. For many programmers, words like class, object, or encapsulation may be words that they only know via programming. These could be words that have no prior, intrinsic meaning to a speaker of Hungarian or Japanese.
Is functional programming terminology harder than object-oriented jargon? I don't think so.
 Again, it's not self-explanatory, but once the concept of a monoid is explained, it makes sense: it's an abstraction that enables you to treat many things as though they are a single thing (with possible loss of fidelity, though). As names go, I find this more accurate than polymorphism.
Granted, there's more Greek in functional programming than in object-oriented design, but (Latin) English is still present: recursion, fold, and traversal are common terms.
 Despite some of digging, I've only managed to learn that functor is a compaction of function and factor - that is, a function factor, but what does that tell you?
In many ways, I prefer nonsense words like functor, because at least, they aren't misleading. When you learn that word, you have no preconception that you think you already know what it means. Michael Feathers is experimenting with a similar idea, but in another context, inventing words like exot, lavin, endot, parzo, duon, and tojon.
It's easy to dismiss the alien as incomprehensible. This often happens in programming. New ideas are dismissed as non-idiomatic. Alternative paradigms like functional programming are rejected because some words aren't immediately forthcoming.
This, to me, says more about the person spurning new knowledge than it says about the ideas themselves.


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| Sample Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | Social Communication Total | Full-scale IQ | ||||||
| Primary Diagnosis | Sex | Count | Mean | Std | Mean | Std | Mean | Std |
| ADHD | Female | 41 | 11 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 99 | 16 |
| Male | 70 | 10 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 100 | 16 | |
| Total | 111 | 10 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 100 | 16 | |
| ASD | Female | 79 | 12 | 3.9 | 11 | 6.3 | 92 | 25 |
| Male | 285 | 11 | 3.7 | 13 | 5.9 | 89 | 24 | |
| Total | 364 | 11 | 3.8 | 13 | 6 | 90 | 24 | |
| Typically Developing | Female | 71 | 11 | 4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 110 | 11 |
| Male | 90 | 11 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 110 | 13 | |
| Total | 161 | 11 | 3.7 | 2 | 2 | 110 | 12 | |
| Total | Female | 191 | 11 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 100 | 20 |
| Male | 445 | 11 | 3.5 | 9.4 | 7 | 95 | 23 | |
| Total | 636 | 11 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 96 | 22 |


import transactions from './transactions'
import payables from './payables'
import search from './search'
import user from './user'
import company from './company'
import companySegments from './companySegments'
import chargebacks from './chargebacks'
import session from './session'
import invites from './invites'
import splitRules from './splitRules'
import antifraudAnalyses from './antifraudAnalyses'
import recipients from './recipients'
import bulkAnticipations from './bulkAnticipations'
import bankAccounts from './bankAccounts'
import plans from './plans'
import acquirersConfigurations from './acquirersConfigurations'
import acquirers from './acquirers'
import subscriptions from './subscriptions'
import cards from './cards'
import transfers from './transfers'
import balance from './balance'
import balanceOperations from './balanceOperations'
import events from './events'
import gatewayOperations from './gatewayOperations'
import chargebackOperations from './chargebackOperations'
import postbacks from './postbacks'
import security from './security'
import customers from './customers'
import zipcodes from './zipcodes'
import paymentLinks from './paymentLinks'
import pixKeys from './pix'
import status from './status'
import onboardingAnswers from './onboardingAnswers'
import onboardingQuestions from './onboardingQuestions'
import orders from './orders'
import versions from './versions'
import reprocessedTransactions from './reprocessedTransactions'
import refunds from './refunds'
import feePresets from './feePresets'
import settlements from './settlements'
import credit from './credit'
export default {
company,
companySegments,
chargebacks,
search,
session,
transactions,
payables,
pixKeys,
user,
invites,
splitRules,
antifraudAnalyses,
recipients,
bulkAnticipations,
bankAccounts,
plans,
subscriptions,
cards,
acquirersConfigurations,
acquirers,
transfers,
balance,
balanceOperations,
events,
gatewayOperations,
chargebackOperations,
postbacks,
security,
customers,
zipcodes,
paymentLinks,
settlements,
status,
onboardingAnswers,
onboardingQuestions,
orders,
versions,
reprocessedTransactions,
refunds,
feePresets,
credit,
}
|


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Edit Your Photo here
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Upload Date :
Uploaded Scaned Copy of Passport
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Upload Date
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{{appl_data.passport_upload_date}}
view document
Contact Details :
Permanent Address
Present Address
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City :
City:
House Number :
House Number :
Street Number:
Street Number :
Pincode :
Pincode:
Mobile Number :
Mobile Number :
Email ID:
Email ID :
Guarantor Details:
Should remain valid for single applicant validity -6 months. Can not apply as guarantor for other applicant.
keep only one guarantor.Applicant as Foreign National.
Name :
Country :
State :
City :
House Number :
Street Number :
Mobile Number :
Pincode :
Current Designation:
Employee/Self-Employed
Student
Name of the Organization :
Course:
Complete Address :
Name of College :
Pan Card :
Complete Address :
Purpose of which Authentication is Sought Including Country of Designation :
Edit
Current Designation:
UPLOADED DOCUMENTS
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Examination
Name of the University
Year
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1
{{appl_data.certificate_no}}
{{appl_data.name_of_exam}}
{{appl_data.name_of_institute}}
{{appl_data.year}}
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view document
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Applicant will authorize representative to visit on applicant's behalf for attestation
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|
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| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.conf | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.fs | |
|---|---|
| ByteBufferPool
|
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.io | |
|---|---|
| AbstractMapWritable
Abstract base class for MapWritable and SortedMapWritable Unlike org.apache.nutch.crawl.MapWritable, this class allows creation of MapWritable<Writable, MapWritable> so the CLASS_TO_ID and ID_TO_CLASS maps travel with the class instead of being static. |
|
| BinaryComparable
Interface supported by WritableComparable
types supporting ordering/permutation by a representative set of bytes. |
|
| BooleanWritable
A WritableComparable for booleans. |
|
| ByteBufferPool
|
|
| BytesWritable
A byte sequence that is usable as a key or value. |
|
| ByteWritable
A WritableComparable for a single byte. |
|
| DoubleWritable
Writable for Double values. |
|
| FloatWritable
A WritableComparable for floats. |
|
| IntWritable
A WritableComparable for ints. |
|
| LongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs. |
|
| MapFile
A file-based map from keys to values. |
|
| MapWritable
A Writable Map. |
|
| MD5Hash
A Writable for MD5 hash values. |
|
| NullWritable
Singleton Writable with no data. |
|
| ObjectWritable
A polymorphic Writable that writes an instance with it's class name. |
|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| ShortWritable
A WritableComparable for shorts. |
|
| SortedMapWritable
A Writable SortedMap. |
|
| Stringifier
Stringifier interface offers two methods to convert an object to a string representation and restore the object given its string representation. |
|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| VIntWritable
A WritableComparable for integer values stored in variable-length format. |
|
| VLongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs in a variable-length format. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
|
| WritableComparator
A Comparator for WritableComparable s. |
|
| WritableFactory
A factory for a class of Writable. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.io.serializer | |
|---|---|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapred | |
|---|---|
| BytesWritable
A byte sequence that is usable as a key or value. |
|
| Closeable
Deprecated. use java.io.Closeable |
|
| LongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs. |
|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapred.join | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
|
| WritableComparator
A Comparator for WritableComparable s. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib | |
|---|---|
| Closeable
Deprecated. use java.io.Closeable |
|
| LongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs. |
|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.aggregate | |
|---|---|
| Closeable
Deprecated. use java.io.Closeable |
|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db | |
|---|---|
| LongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce | |
|---|---|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.counters | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.aggregate | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.db | |
|---|---|
| LongWritable
A WritableComparable for longs. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.fieldsel | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.join | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparator
A Comparator for WritableComparable s. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.map | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.partition | |
|---|---|
| BinaryComparable
Interface supported by WritableComparable
types supporting ordering/permutation by a representative set of bytes. |
|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| WritableComparator
A Comparator for WritableComparable s. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.reduce | |
|---|---|
| IntWritable
A WritableComparable for ints. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.security | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.record | |
|---|---|
| RawComparator
A Comparator that operates directly on byte representations of
objects. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
|
| WritableComparator
A Comparator for WritableComparable s. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.record.meta | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
|
| WritableComparable
A Writable which is also Comparable . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.security.token | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.security.token.delegation | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.util | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.util.bloom | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.client | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.client.api | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.conf | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.logaggregation | |
|---|---|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.security | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.security.client | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
|
| Writable
A serializable object which implements a simple, efficient, serialization protocol, based on DataInput and DataOutput . |
| Classes in org.apache.hadoop.io used by org.apache.hadoop.yarn.util.timeline | |
|---|---|
| Text
This class stores text using standard UTF8 encoding. |
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| COAP_STATIC_INLINE coap_queue_t * | coap_malloc_node (void) |
| |
| COAP_STATIC_INLINE void | coap_free_node (coap_queue_t *node) |
| |
| unsigned int | coap_adjust_basetime (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_tick_t now) |
| | Set sendqueue_basetime in the given context object ctx to now . More...
|
| |
| int | coap_insert_node (coap_queue_t **queue, coap_queue_t *node) |
| | Adds node to given queue , ordered by variable t in node . More...
|
| |
| int | coap_delete_node (coap_queue_t *node) |
| | Destroys specified node . More...
|
| |
| void | coap_delete_all (coap_queue_t *queue) |
| | Removes all items from given queue and frees the allocated storage. More...
|
| |
| coap_queue_t * | coap_new_node (void) |
| | Creates a new node suitable for adding to the CoAP sendqueue. More...
|
| |
| coap_queue_t * | coap_peek_next (coap_context_t *context) |
| | Returns the next pdu to send without removing from sendqeue. More...
|
| |
| coap_queue_t * | coap_pop_next (coap_context_t *context) |
| | Returns the next pdu to send and removes it from the sendqeue. More...
|
| |
| static size_t | coap_get_session_client_psk (const coap_session_t *session, const uint8_t *hint, size_t hint_len, uint8_t *identity, size_t *identity_len, size_t max_identity_len, uint8_t *psk, size_t max_psk_len) |
| |
| static size_t | coap_get_context_server_psk (const coap_session_t *session, const uint8_t *identity, size_t identity_len, uint8_t *psk, size_t max_psk_len) |
| |
| static size_t | coap_get_context_server_hint (const coap_session_t *session, uint8_t *hint, size_t max_hint_len) |
| |
| int | coap_context_set_psk (coap_context_t *ctx, const char *hint, const uint8_t *key, size_t key_len) |
| | Set the context's default PSK hint and/or key for a server. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_context_set_psk2 (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_dtls_spsk_t *setup_data) |
| | Set the context's default PSK hint and/or key for a server. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_context_set_pki (coap_context_t *ctx, const coap_dtls_pki_t *setup_data) |
| | Set the context's default PKI information for a server. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_context_set_pki_root_cas (coap_context_t *ctx, const char *ca_file, const char *ca_dir) |
| | Set the context's default Root CA information for a client or server. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_context_set_keepalive (coap_context_t *context, unsigned int seconds) |
| | Set the context keepalive timer for sessions. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_context_set_max_idle_sessions (coap_context_t *context, unsigned int max_idle_sessions) |
| | Set the maximum idle sessions count. More...
|
| |
| unsigned int | coap_context_get_max_idle_sessions (const coap_context_t *context) |
| | Get the maximum idle sessions count. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_context_set_max_handshake_sessions (coap_context_t *context, unsigned int max_handshake_sessions) |
| | Set the maximum number of sessions in (D)TLS handshake value. More...
|
| |
| unsigned int | coap_context_get_max_handshake_sessions (const coap_context_t *context) |
| | Get the session timeout value. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_context_set_csm_timeout (coap_context_t *context, unsigned int csm_timeout) |
| | Set the CSM timeout value. More...
|
| |
| unsigned int | coap_context_get_csm_timeout (const coap_context_t *context) |
| | Get the CSM timeout value. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_context_set_session_timeout (coap_context_t *context, unsigned int session_timeout) |
| | Set the session timeout value. More...
|
| |
| unsigned int | coap_context_get_session_timeout (const coap_context_t *context) |
| | Get the session timeout value. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_context_get_coap_fd (const coap_context_t *context) |
| | Get the libcoap internal file descriptor for using in an application's select() or returned as an event in an application's epoll_wait() call. More...
|
| |
| coap_context_t * | coap_new_context (const coap_address_t *listen_addr) |
| | Creates a new coap_context_t object that will hold the CoAP stack status. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_set_app_data (coap_context_t *ctx, void *app_data) |
| | Stores data with the given CoAP context. More...
|
| |
| void * | coap_get_app_data (const coap_context_t *ctx) |
| | Returns any application-specific data that has been stored with context using the function coap_set_app_data(). More...
|
| |
| void | coap_free_context (coap_context_t *context) |
| | CoAP stack context must be released with coap_free_context(). More...
|
| |
| int | coap_option_check_critical (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_pdu_t *pdu, coap_opt_filter_t *unknown) |
| | Verifies that pdu contains no unknown critical options. More...
|
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_send_ack (coap_session_t *session, const coap_pdu_t *request) |
| | Sends an ACK message with code 0 for the specified request to dst . More...
|
| |
| ssize_t | coap_session_send_pdu (coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| | Send a pdu according to the session's protocol. More...
|
| |
| static ssize_t | coap_send_pdu (coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu, coap_queue_t *node) |
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_send_error (coap_session_t *session, const coap_pdu_t *request, coap_pdu_code_t code, coap_opt_filter_t *opts) |
| | Sends an error response with code code for request request to dst . More...
|
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_send_message_type (coap_session_t *session, const coap_pdu_t *request, coap_pdu_type_t type) |
| | Helper function to create and send a message with type (usually ACK or RST). More...
|
| |
| unsigned int | coap_calc_timeout (coap_session_t *session, unsigned char r) |
| | Calculates the initial timeout based on the session CoAP transmission parameters 'ack_timeout', 'ack_random_factor', and COAP_TICKS_PER_SECOND. More...
|
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_wait_ack (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_queue_t *node) |
| |
| COAP_STATIC_INLINE int | token_match (const uint8_t *a, size_t alen, const uint8_t *b, size_t blen) |
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_send (coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| | Sends a CoAP message to given peer. More...
|
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_send_internal (coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| | Sends a CoAP message to given peer. More...
|
| |
| coap_mid_t | coap_retransmit (coap_context_t *context, coap_queue_t *node) |
| | Handles retransmissions of confirmable messages. More...
|
| |
| static int | coap_handle_dgram_for_proto (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session, coap_packet_t *packet) |
| |
| static void | coap_connect_session (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| static void | coap_write_session (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| static void | coap_read_session (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| static int | coap_read_endpoint (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_endpoint_t *endpoint, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| static int | coap_write_endpoint (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_endpoint_t *endpoint, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| static int | coap_accept_endpoint (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_endpoint_t *endpoint, coap_tick_t now) |
| |
| void | coap_io_do_io (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_tick_t now) |
| | Processes any outstanding read, write, accept or connect I/O as indicated in the coap_socket_t structures (COAP_SOCKET_CAN_xxx set) embedded in endpoints or sessions associated with ctx . More...
|
| |
| void | coap_io_do_epoll (coap_context_t *ctx, struct epoll_event *events, size_t nevents) |
| | Process all the epoll events. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_handle_dgram (coap_context_t *ctx, coap_session_t *session, uint8_t *msg, size_t msg_len) |
| | Parses and interprets a CoAP datagram with context ctx . More...
|
| |
| int | coap_remove_from_queue (coap_queue_t **queue, coap_session_t *session, coap_mid_t id, coap_queue_t **node) |
| | This function removes the element with given id from the list given list. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_cancel_session_messages (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_nack_reason_t reason) |
| | Cancels all outstanding messages for session session . More...
|
| |
| void | coap_cancel_all_messages (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, const uint8_t *token, size_t token_length) |
| | Cancels all outstanding messages for session session that have the specified token. More...
|
| |
| coap_pdu_t * | coap_new_error_response (const coap_pdu_t *request, coap_pdu_code_t code, coap_opt_filter_t *opts) |
| | Creates a new ACK PDU with specified error code . More...
|
| |
| COAP_STATIC_INLINE size_t | get_wkc_len (coap_context_t *context, coap_opt_t *query_filter) |
| | Quick hack to determine the size of the resource description for .well-known/core. More...
|
| |
| coap_pdu_t * | coap_wellknown_response (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *request) |
| | Creates a new response for given request with the contents of .well-known/core. More...
|
| |
| static int | coap_cancel (coap_context_t *context, const coap_queue_t *sent) |
| | This function cancels outstanding messages for the session and token specified in sent . More...
|
| |
| static enum respond_t | no_response (coap_pdu_t *request, coap_pdu_t *response, coap_session_t *session) |
| |
| static void | handle_request (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| |
| static void | handle_response (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *sent, coap_pdu_t *rcvd) |
| |
| static void | handle_signaling (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| |
| void | coap_dispatch (coap_context_t *context, coap_session_t *session, coap_pdu_t *pdu) |
| | Dispatches the PDUs from the receive queue in given context. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_handle_event (coap_context_t *context, coap_event_t event, coap_session_t *session) |
| | Invokes the event handler of context for the given event and data . More...
|
| |
| int | coap_can_exit (coap_context_t *context) |
| | Returns 1 if there are no messages to send or to dispatch in the context's queues. More...
|
| |
| coap_tick_t | coap_check_async (coap_context_t *context, coap_tick_t now) |
| | Checks if there are any pending Async requests - if so, send them off. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_startup (void) |
| |
| void | coap_cleanup (void) |
| |
| void | coap_register_response_handler (coap_context_t *context, coap_response_handler_t handler) |
| | Registers a new message handler that is called whenever a response is received. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_register_nack_handler (coap_context_t *context, coap_nack_handler_t handler) |
| | Registers a new message handler that is called whenever a confirmable message (request or response) is dropped after all retries have been exhausted, or a rst message was received, or a network or TLS level event was received that indicates delivering the message is not possible. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_register_ping_handler (coap_context_t *context, coap_ping_handler_t handler) |
| | Registers a new message handler that is called whenever a CoAP Ping message is received. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_register_pong_handler (coap_context_t *context, coap_pong_handler_t handler) |
| | Registers a new message handler that is called whenever a CoAP Pong message is received. More...
|
| |
| void | coap_register_option (coap_context_t *ctx, uint16_t type) |
| | Registers the option type type with the given context object ctx . More...
|
| |
| int | coap_join_mcast_group_intf (coap_context_t *ctx, const char *group_name, const char *ifname) |
| | Function interface for joining a multicast group for listening for the currently defined endpoints that are UDP. More...
|
| |
| int | coap_mcast_set_hops (coap_session_t *session, size_t hops) |
| | Function interface for defining the hop count (ttl) for sending multicast traffic. More...
|
| |


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It is your comments that will enable us to continually improve our trips.


|
Elektra
0.8.21
|
Both code comments and assertions are unfortunately not very popular. A quite efficient way to still get some documentation about the code are logging statements. In Elektra they are currently inconsistent and unusable. Thus there is an urge for this decision.
Provide a Macro
ELEKTRA_LOG (int module, const char *msg, ...);
that calls
elektraLog ([as above], const char * function, const char * file, const int line, ...)
and adds current function, file and line to elektraLog
's arguments.
elektraLog
is implemented in a separate log.c
file. If someone needs filtering, logging to different sources or similar, he/she simply modifies log.c
.
The severity passed to ELEKTRA_LOG_
should be as in syslog's priority, except the error conditions which are not needed (asserts should be used in these situations).
So we would have:
ELEKTRA_LOG_WARNING warning conditions ELEKTRA_LOG_NOTICE normal, but significant, condition ELEKTRA_LOG INFO informational message ELEKTRA_LOG_DEBUG debug-level message
To add a new module, one simply adds his/her module to elektramodules.h
via #define
:
#define ELEKTRA_MODULE_<NAME> <SEQNUMBER>
The module name <NAME>
shall be consistent with module names used in module:
of src/error/specification
.
A more complex system seems to be overkill. Thus libraries should not have any effects other than what is described by their API, logging should nearly always be disabled.
A more "hackable" logger seems to be more suitable for individual needs. Having a separate log.c
means that the logger can be changed without the need to recompile anything but a single file. It also removes the dependency of stdio.h
from every individual file to a single place.
Thus logging is very easy to use (only include elektralog.h
and use ELEKTRA_LOG
) and still very flexible (with modules, severity, file, line and function information nearly everything someone wants from a logging system can be achieved in log.c
.
The current VERBOSE would be turned off forever and the code within VERBOSE needs to be migrated to ELEKTRA_LOG
.


Links and Information
To visit my personal webpage at the University of Southampton please click here.
My EngD research is sponsored by Furgo EMU Limited. Visit their website to find out more about them by clicking here.
My Supervisors:
- Dr Pete Shaw, Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton
- Professor Paul White, The Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton
- Dr Paul Kemp, Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton
- Professor Timothy Leighton, The Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton
- Mr Rayner Piper, Furgo EMU Limited, Portchester
- Mrs Justine Saunders, Furgo EMU Limited, Portchester
My Affiliated Research groups:
Within the University of Southampton I am a member of the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research Fluid Dynamics and Acoustics Research Group, the Centre for Environmental Sciences, and the International Centre for Ecohydraulic Research.
Some recommended sites of close colleagues and admired work:
- Jack Merrifield Currently undertaking a PhD in Bat Ecology, University of Southampton
- Operation Wallacea, London
- The Seahorse Trust, Topsham
- CodeFirst: Girls, London


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|
M480 BSP V3.05.005
The Board Support Package for M480 Series
|
Macros | |
| #define | BPWM_ENABLE_TIMER_SYNC(bpwm, u32ChannelMask, u32SyncSrc) |
| Enable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s) More... | |
| #define | BPWM_DISABLE_TIMER_SYNC(bpwm, u32ChannelMask) |
| Disable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s) More... | |
| #define | BPWM_TRIGGER_SYNC_START(bpwm) |
| This macro enable BPWM counter synchronous start counting function. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_ENABLE_OUTPUT_INVERTER(bpwm, u32ChannelMask) |
| This macro enable output inverter of specified channel(s) More... | |
| #define | BPWM_GET_CAPTURE_RISING_DATA(bpwm, u32ChannelNum) |
| This macro get captured rising data. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_GET_CAPTURE_FALLING_DATA(bpwm, u32ChannelNum) |
| This macro get captured falling data. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_MASK_OUTPUT(bpwm, u32ChannelMask, u32LevelMask) |
| This macro mask output logic to high or low. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_SET_PRESCALER(bpwm, u32ChannelNum, u32Prescaler) |
| This macro set the prescaler of all channels. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_SET_CMR(bpwm, u32ChannelNum, u32CMR) |
| This macro set the duty of the selected channel. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_GET_CMR(bpwm, u32ChannelNum) |
| This macro get the duty of the selected channel. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_SET_CNR(bpwm, u32ChannelNum, u32CNR) |
| This macro set the period of all channels. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_GET_CNR(bpwm, u32ChannelNum) |
| This macro get the period of all channels. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_SET_ALIGNED_TYPE(bpwm, u32ChannelMask, u32AlignedType) |
| This macro set the BPWM aligned type. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_CLR_COUNTER(bpwm, u32ChannelMask) |
| Clear counter of channel 0. More... | |
| #define | BPWM_SET_OUTPUT_LEVEL(bpwm, u32ChannelMask, u32ZeroLevel, u32CmpUpLevel, u32PeriodLevel, u32CmpDownLevel) |
| Set output level at zero, compare up, period(center) and compare down of specified channel(s) More... | |
Functions | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_ConfigCaptureChannel (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32UnitTimeNsec, uint32_t u32CaptureEdge) |
| Configure BPWM capture and get the nearest unit time. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_ConfigOutputChannel (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Frequency, uint32_t u32DutyCycle) |
| This function Configure BPWM generator and get the nearest frequency in edge aligned auto-reload mode. More... | |
| void | BPWM_Start (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Start BPWM module. More... | |
| void | BPWM_Stop (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Stop BPWM module. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ForceStop (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Stop BPWM generation immediately by clear channel enable bit. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableADCTrigger (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Condition) |
| Enable selected channel to trigger ADC. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableADCTrigger (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Disable selected channel to trigger ADC. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearADCTriggerFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Condition) |
| Clear selected channel trigger ADC flag. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetADCTriggerFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get selected channel trigger ADC flag. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableCapture (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Enable capture of selected channel(s) More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableCapture (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Disable capture of selected channel(s) More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableOutput (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Enables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s) More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableOutput (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelMask) |
| Disables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s) More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableCaptureInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Edge) |
| Enable capture interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableCaptureInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Edge) |
| Disable capture interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearCaptureIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32Edge) |
| Clear capture interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetCaptureIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get capture interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableDutyInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32IntDutyType) |
| Enable duty interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableDutyInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Disable duty interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearDutyIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Clear duty interrupt flag of selected channel. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetDutyIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get duty interrupt flag of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnablePeriodInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32IntPeriodType) |
| Enable period interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisablePeriodInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Disable period interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearPeriodIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Clear period interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetPeriodIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get period interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableZeroInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Enable zero interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableZeroInt (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Disable zero interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearZeroIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Clear zero interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetZeroIntFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get zero interrupt of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_EnableLoadMode (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32LoadMode) |
| Enable load mode of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_DisableLoadMode (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32LoadMode) |
| Disable load mode of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_SetClockSource (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum, uint32_t u32ClkSrcSel) |
| Set BPWM clock source. More... | |
| uint32_t | BPWM_GetWrapAroundFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Get the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel. More... | |
| void | BPWM_ClearWrapAroundFlag (BPWM_T *bpwm, uint32_t u32ChannelNum) |
| Clear the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel. More... | |
| #define BPWM_CLR_COUNTER | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask | |||
| ) |
| #define BPWM_DISABLE_TIMER_SYNC | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask | |||
| ) |
Disable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
This macro is used to disable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s).
| #define BPWM_ENABLE_OUTPUT_INVERTER | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask | |||
| ) |
This macro enable output inverter of specified channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel Bit 0 represents channel 0, bit 1 represents channel 1... |
| #define BPWM_ENABLE_TIMER_SYNC | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask, | |||
| u32SyncSrc | |||
| ) |
Enable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32SyncSrc | Synchronous start source selection, valid values are: |
This macro is used to enable timer synchronous start counting function of specified channel(s).
| #define BPWM_GET_CAPTURE_FALLING_DATA | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum | |||
| ) |
| #define BPWM_GET_CAPTURE_RISING_DATA | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum | |||
| ) |
| #define BPWM_GET_CMR | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum | |||
| ) |
| #define BPWM_GET_CNR | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum | |||
| ) |
| #define BPWM_MASK_OUTPUT | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask, | |||
| u32LevelMask | |||
| ) |
This macro mask output logic to high or low.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel Bit 0 represents channel 0, bit 1 represents channel 1... |
| [in] | u32LevelMask | Output logic to high or low |
This macro is used to mask output logic to high or low of specified channel(s).
| #define BPWM_SET_ALIGNED_TYPE | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask, | |||
| u32AlignedType | |||
| ) |
This macro set the BPWM aligned type.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32AlignedType | BPWM aligned type, valid values are: |
| #define BPWM_SET_CMR | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum, | |||
| u32CMR | |||
| ) |
This macro set the duty of the selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32CMR | Duty of specified channel. Valid values are between 0~0xFFFF |
| #define BPWM_SET_CNR | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum, | |||
| u32CNR | |||
| ) |
This macro set the period of all channels.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32CNR | Period of specified channel. Valid values are between 0~0xFFFF |
| #define BPWM_SET_OUTPUT_LEVEL | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelMask, | |||
| u32ZeroLevel, | |||
| u32CmpUpLevel, | |||
| u32PeriodLevel, | |||
| u32CmpDownLevel | |||
| ) |
Set output level at zero, compare up, period(center) and compare down of specified channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel Bit 0 represents channel 0, bit 1 represents channel 1... |
| [in] | u32ZeroLevel | output level at zero point, valid values are: |
| [in] | u32CmpUpLevel | output level at compare up point, valid values are: |
| [in] | u32PeriodLevel | output level at period(center) point, valid values are: |
| [in] | u32CmpDownLevel | output level at compare down point, valid values are: |
This macro is used to Set output level at zero, compare up, period(center) and compare down of specified channel(s)
| #define BPWM_SET_PRESCALER | ( | bpwm, | |
| u32ChannelNum, | |||
| u32Prescaler | |||
| ) |
This macro set the prescaler of all channels.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32Prescaler | Clock prescaler of specified channel. Valid values are between 1 ~ 0xFFF |
| #define BPWM_TRIGGER_SYNC_START | ( | bpwm | ) |
This macro enable BPWM counter synchronous start counting function.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module |
This macro is used to make selected BPWM0 and BPWM1 channel(s) start counting at the same time. To configure synchronous start counting channel(s) by BPWM_ENABLE_TIMER_SYNC() and BPWM_DISABLE_TIMER_SYNC().
| void BPWM_ClearADCTriggerFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Condition | ||
| ) |
Clear selected channel trigger ADC flag.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Condition | This parameter is not used |
This function is used to clear selected channel trigger ADC flag
| void BPWM_ClearCaptureIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Edge | ||
| ) |
Clear capture interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Edge | Rising or falling edge to latch counter. |
This function is used to clear capture interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_ClearDutyIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Clear duty interrupt flag of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
This function is used to clear duty interrupt flag of selected channel
| void BPWM_ClearPeriodIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Clear period interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to clear period interrupt of selected channel
| void BPWM_ClearWrapAroundFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Clear the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to clear the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel.
| void BPWM_ClearZeroIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Clear zero interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to clear zero interrupt of selected channel.
| uint32_t BPWM_ConfigCaptureChannel | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32UnitTimeNsec, | ||
| uint32_t | u32CaptureEdge | ||
| ) |
Configure BPWM capture and get the nearest unit time.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32UnitTimeNsec | The unit time of counter |
| [in] | u32CaptureEdge | The condition to latch the counter. This parameter is not used |
This function is used to Configure BPWM capture and get the nearest unit time.
| uint32_t BPWM_ConfigOutputChannel | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Frequency, | ||
| uint32_t | u32DutyCycle | ||
| ) |
This function Configure BPWM generator and get the nearest frequency in edge aligned auto-reload mode.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Frequency | Target generator frequency |
| [in] | u32DutyCycle | Target generator duty cycle percentage. Valid range are between 0 ~ 100. 10 means 10%, 20 means 20%... |
| void BPWM_DisableADCTrigger | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Disable selected channel to trigger ADC.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~3 |
This function is used to disable selected channel to trigger ADC
| void BPWM_DisableCapture | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Disable capture of selected channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel. Bit 0 is channel 0, bit 1 is channel 1... |
This function is used to disable capture of selected channel(s)
| void BPWM_DisableCaptureInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Edge | ||
| ) |
Disable capture interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Edge | Rising or falling edge to latch counter. |
This function is used to disable capture interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_DisableDutyInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Disable duty interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
This function is used to disable duty interrupt of selected channel
| void BPWM_DisableLoadMode | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32LoadMode | ||
| ) |
Disable load mode of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32LoadMode | PWM counter loading mode. |
This function is used to disable load mode of selected channel.
| void BPWM_DisableOutput | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Disables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel Set bit 0 to 1 disables channel 0 output, set bit 1 to 1 disables channel 1 output... |
This function is used to disables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s)
| void BPWM_DisablePeriodInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Disable period interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to disable period interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_DisableZeroInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Disable zero interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to disable zero interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_EnableADCTrigger | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Condition | ||
| ) |
Enable selected channel to trigger ADC.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Condition | The condition to trigger ADC. Combination of following conditions: |
This function is used to enable selected channel to trigger ADC
| void BPWM_EnableCapture | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Enable capture of selected channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel. Bit 0 is channel 0, bit 1 is channel 1... |
This function is used to enable capture of selected channel(s)
| void BPWM_EnableCaptureInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32Edge | ||
| ) |
Enable capture interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32Edge | Rising or falling edge to latch counter. |
This function is used to enable capture interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_EnableDutyInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32IntDutyType | ||
| ) |
Enable duty interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32IntDutyType | Duty interrupt type, could be either |
This function is used to enable duty interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_EnableLoadMode | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32LoadMode | ||
| ) |
Enable load mode of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| [in] | u32LoadMode | BPWM counter loading mode. |
This function is used to enable load mode of selected channel.
| void BPWM_EnableOutput | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Enables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s)
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. Each bit corresponds to a channel. Set bit 0 to 1 enables channel 0 output, set bit 1 to 1 enables channel 1 output... |
This function is used to enables BPWM output generation of selected channel(s)
| void BPWM_EnablePeriodInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32IntPeriodType | ||
| ) |
Enable period interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32IntPeriodType | Period interrupt type. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to enable period interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_EnableZeroInt | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Enable zero interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to enable zero interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_ForceStop | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Stop BPWM generation immediately by clear channel enable bit.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to stop BPWM generation immediately by clear channel enable bit.
| uint32_t BPWM_GetADCTriggerFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get selected channel trigger ADC flag.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| 0 | The specified channel trigger ADC to start of conversion flag is not set |
| 1 | The specified channel trigger ADC to start of conversion flag is set |
This function is used to get BPWM trigger ADC to start of conversion flag for specified channel
| uint32_t BPWM_GetCaptureIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get capture interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| 0 | No capture interrupt |
| 1 | Rising edge latch interrupt |
| 2 | Falling edge latch interrupt |
| 3 | Rising and falling latch interrupt |
This function is used to get capture interrupt of selected channel.
| uint32_t BPWM_GetDutyIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get duty interrupt flag of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. Valid values are between 0~5 |
| 0 | Duty interrupt did not occur |
| 1 | Duty interrupt occurred |
This function is used to get duty interrupt flag of selected channel
| uint32_t BPWM_GetPeriodIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get period interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| 0 | Period interrupt did not occur |
| 1 | Period interrupt occurred |
This function is used to get period interrupt of selected channel
| uint32_t BPWM_GetWrapAroundFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| 0 | Count to max interrupt did not occur |
| 1 | Count to max interrupt occurred |
This function is used to get the time-base counter reached its maximum value flag of selected channel.
| uint32_t BPWM_GetZeroIntFlag | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum | ||
| ) |
Get zero interrupt of selected channel.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| 0 | zero interrupt did not occur |
| 1 | zero interrupt occurred |
This function is used to get zero interrupt of selected channel.
| void BPWM_SetClockSource | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelNum, | ||
| uint32_t | u32ClkSrcSel | ||
| ) |
Set BPWM clock source.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelNum | BPWM channel number. This parameter is not used. |
| [in] | u32ClkSrcSel | BPWM external clock source. |
This function is used to set BPWM clock source.
| void BPWM_Start | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Start BPWM module.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to start BPWM module.
| void BPWM_Stop | ( | BPWM_T * | bpwm, |
| uint32_t | u32ChannelMask | ||
| ) |
Stop BPWM module.
| [in] | bpwm | The pointer of the specified BPWM module
|
| [in] | u32ChannelMask | Combination of enabled channels. This parameter is not used. |
This function is used to stop BPWM module.


Red Alert Crisis Helpline for Emotional Stress Launched in Be’er Sheva
by Hana Levi JulianEnglish-speakers in the Negev “capital” city of Be’er Sheva will finally be able to get some help with their feelings of stress and trauma as they face their challenges under rocket fire.
“Get Help Israel,” the Olim Department of Be’er Sheva and AACI South have joined together in a partnership to create the Red Alert Crisis Helpline — Emotional First Aid for English speakers in Be’er Sheva in Times of War.
The project is intended to help immigrants to Be’er Sheva.
Those who are experiencing an extreme level of stress and who need to speak with a mental health professional in order to help restore a sense of calm and stability may receive telephone support from a qualified therapist.
“This is not a service for those having a mental health emergency,” the organizers emphasize. “If you’re experiencing symptoms that need immediate attention, please go to the Emergency Room at Soroka Hospital.”
For more information, please contact Megan at<PHONE_NUMBER> via phone or Whatsapp between 7 am and 10 pm.


openssl genrsa- Save an RSA private key of an arbitrary number of bits to the output file:
openssl genrsa -out output_file.key 1234- Generate an RSA private key and encrypt it with AES256 (you will be prompted for a passphrase):
openssl genrsa -aes256


World Builder
Automatic
Manual
Save Ground Truth
Save World
Submit
Clear
Saved Ground Truths
No inputs yet
Saved World
No inputs yet
Output
Hello2


Variables:
currentDate
cumulTT °C/d
DayLength hours
DeltaTT °C/d
GrainCumulTT °C/d
GAI m2/m2
IsLatestLeafInternodeLengthPotPositive bolean
Calendar ( see specific doc)
LeafNumber leaf
FinalLeafNumber leaf
Phase ( see specific doc)
Phyllochron
Vernaprog : progression on a 0 to 1 scale of the vernalization
HasFlagLeafLiguleAppeared bolean
MinFinalNumber leaf
hasLastPrimordiumAppeared bolean
isMomentRegisteredZC_39 bolean
cumulTTFromZC_39 °C/d
cumulTTFromZC_65 °C/d
currentZadokStage
hasZadokStageChanged bolean
tilleringProfile :store the amount of new tiller created at each time a new tiller appears
leafTillerNumberArray : store the number of tiller for each leaf layer
CanopyShootNumber shoot/m2
AverageShootNumberPerPlant shoot
TillerNumber shoot


plot_clonealign.Rd
Plot gene expression and copy number as a function of genomic coordinate.
plot_clonealign(sce, clones, cnv_data, chromosome = "1", chr_str = "chr", start_str = "start_position", end_str = "end_position", jitter_cnv = TRUE, ggplot_palette = "Set1")
| sce | A |
|---|---|
| clones | The clone assignments of each cell - must be of the same set as the colnames of |
| cnv_data | The gene by clone copy number matrix used as input to |
| chromosome | The chromosome to plot |
| chr_str | The column of |
| start_str | The column of |
| end_str | The column of |
| jitter_cnv | Logical - if true random noise is added to the copy number profiles to help display all clones in case two lie on top of each other |
| ggplot_palette | The palette to be passed to |
A ggplot2 object displaying a CNV and gene expression track for each (inferred) clone
This function requires the chromosome, start, and end positions of each features to plot.
These are encoded as the chr_str
, start_str
, and end_str
features
in rowData(sce)
respectively. If we have ensembl ids or similar we can get add the
required fields using the getBMFeatureAnnos
function in the scater
package -
sce <- getBMFeatureAnnos(sce, filters = "ensembl_gene_id",
attributes = c("chromosome_name", "start_position", "end_position"),
feature_symbol = "hgnc_symbol",
feature_id = "ensembl_gene_id",
dataset = "hsapiens_gene_ensembl")
Then we would call plot_clonealign
using chr_str == "chromosome_name"
, start_str == "start_position"
,
and end_str == "end_position"
.
library(SingleCellExperiment) library(scater) library(dplyr) data(example_clonealign_fit) cnv_data <- rowData(example_sce)[,c("A", "B", "C")] gene_position <- as_data_frame(cnv_data) %>% mutate(gene = seq_len(nrow(cnv_data))) %>% arrange(A, B, C) %>% mutate(position = seq_len(nrow(cnv_data))) %>% arrange(gene) %>% .$position#> Warning: Arguments in '...' ignoredrowData(example_sce)$chromosome <- "1" rowData(example_sce)$start_pos <- gene_position rowData(example_sce)$end_pos <- gene_position example_sce <- normalise(example_sce)#> Warning: using library sizes as size factorsplot_clonealign(example_sce, example_clonealign_fit$clone, cnv_data, chromosome = "1", chr_str = "chromosome", start_str = "start_pos", end_str = "end_pos")#>#>#>


--- layout: default nav: tutorial ---
This tutorial will show you how to add AJAX to a Rails CRUD UI using Intercooler.
Here are the steps for converting a Rails CRUD UI into an AJAX UI
ic-get-from
and
ic-target
attributes.
ic-request
parameter.
ic-put-to
and
ic-target
attributes.
update
method to render partials correct.y
X-IC-SetLocation
header.
new
and create
UI and controller code in a similar manner.
Here is a diff between the standard Rails code and Intercooler-powered code:
https://github.com/LeadDyno/intercooler-tutorial-app/commit/b425ad671746c34039bd84fc76bb7c11d6537b24


A differential expression analysis function has to be run in advance so that
information is stored in the metadata of the input SCE object. This function
wraps plotSCEHeatmap.
A feature annotation basing on the log2FC level called "regulation"
will be automatically added. A cell annotation basing on the condition
selection while running the analysis called "condition"
, and the
annotations used from colData(inSCE)
while setting the condition and
covariates will also be added.
plotDEGHeatmap( inSCE, useResult, doLog = FALSE, onlyPos = FALSE, log2fcThreshold = 0.25, fdrThreshold = 0.05, useAssay = NULL, featureAnnotations = NULL, cellAnnotations = NULL, featureAnnotationColor = NULL, cellAnnotationColor = NULL, rowDataName = NULL, colDataName = NULL, colSplitBy = "condition", rowSplitBy = "regulation", title = paste0("MAST Result: ", useResult), ... )
| inSCE | SingleCellExperiment inherited object.
|
|---|---|
| useResult | character. A string specifying the |
| doLog | Logical scalar. Whether to do |
| onlyPos | logical. Whether to only plot DEG with positive log2_FC
value. Default |
| log2fcThreshold | numeric. Only plot DEGs with the absolute values of
log2FC larger than this value. Default |
| fdrThreshold | numeric. Only plot DEGs with FDR value smaller than this
value. Default |
| useAssay | character. A string specifying an assay of expression value
to plot. By default the assay used for |
| featureAnnotations |
|
| cellAnnotations |
|
| featureAnnotationColor | A named list. Customized color settings for
feature labeling. Should match the entries in the |
| cellAnnotationColor | A named list. Customized color settings for
cell labeling. Should match the entries in the |
| rowDataName | character. The column name(s) in |
| colDataName | character. The column name(s) in |
| colSplitBy | character. Do semi-heatmap based on the grouping of
this(these) annotation(s). Should exist in either |
| rowSplitBy | character. Do semi-heatmap based on the grouping of
this(these) annotation(s). Should exist in either |
| title | character. Main title of the heatmap. Default
|
| ... | Other arguments passed to |
A ComplexHeatmap::Heatmap
object
Yichen Wang
data(scExample, package = "singleCellTK") if (FALSE) { sce <- subsetSCECols(sce, colData = "type != 'EmptyDroplet'") sce <- runDEAnalysis(inSCE = sce, method = "DESeq2", groupName1 = "Sample1", groupName2 = "Sample2", index1 = 1:100, index2 = 101:190, analysisName = "DESeq2") plotDEGHeatmap(sce, useResult = "DESeq2", fdrThreshold = 1, doLog = TRUE) }


Almost 100 flood warnings and alerts still in place across the Midlands
The Environmental Agency has issued 94 flood warnings and alerts across Birmingham, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire
by Oprah Flash, https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/authors/oprah-flash/Almost 100 flood alerts and wanring are still in place across the Midlands this weekend after the region was battered by torrential rain.
There were 42 warnings - signalling a requirement for immediate action - in Birmingham, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire on Saturday, November 16, according to the Environment Agency.
There were also 50 flood alerts, warning of possible flooding.
Birmingham
Across Birmingham and the Black Country there were two flood alerts in place.
For residents living near the River Tame, the Environmental Agency said: "River levels are high but steady at the Tamworth river gauge as a result of recent heavy rainfall. Consequently, the risk of flooding remains.
"Flooding is affecting low-lying land and roads adjacent to the River Tame between Horseley Heath and Castle Vale and the Ford Brook between Walsall and Bescot. We expect river levels to remain high. We are closely monitoring the situation."
Residents and motorists closer to the River Blythe have been advised that river levels remain high but are beginning to fall at the Castle Farm river gauge after recent heavy rainfall.
Consequently, the risk of flooding remains. Flooding is affecting low-lying land and roads adjacent to the River Blythe between Cheswick Green and Blyth End. River levels are falling, but still pose a flood risk.
Staffordshire
In Staffordshire there are currently two flood warnings and 12 flood alerts in place.
For the River Blythe at Blythe End, river levels remain high and continue to fall at the Castle Farm river gauge as a result of recent rainfall. Consequently, the risk of property, roads and farmland flooding remains.
The weather outlook is improving and further light rainfall is forecast over the next 24 hours.
Worcestershire
In Worcestershire there are currently 31 flood warnings and 16 flood alerts in place.
River levels remain high for the following areas:
- River Avon at Birlingham and Eckington
- River Avon at Evesham
- River Avon at Fladbury and Cropthorne
- River Avon at Harvington and Offenham
- River Avon at Pershore and Wick
- River Avon at Stratford upon Avon
- River Avon at Strensham and Bredon
- River Avon at Twyning
- River Avon at Weston on Avon and Welford on Avon
- River Avon at Wyre Piddle
- River Severn at Abbots Court, Deerhurst
- River Severn at Apperley and The Leigh
- River Severn at Bushley
- River Severn at Chaceley and Haw Bridge
- River Severn at Clifton and Severn Stoke
- River Severn at Court Meadow, Kempsey and Callow End
- River Severn at Dunns Lane, Upton upon Severn
- River Severn at East Waterside, Upton upon Severn
- River Severn at Hanley Castle and Saxons Lode
- River Severn at Hanley Road, Upton upon Severn
- River Severn at Hawford Wood and Bevere
- River Severn at Pitchcroft, North Worcester
- River Severn at Severn Ham, Tewkesbury
- River Severn at Tewkesbury
- River Severn in North Worcester
- River Severn in South Worcester
- River Teme at Bransford
- River Teme at Knightwick, Doddenham and Broadwas
- River Teme at Leigh
- River Teme at Stanford Bridge
- River Wye from Hereford to Ross-On-Wye
Warwickshire
In Warwickshire there were currently nine flood warnings and 20 flood alerts in place.
River levels remain high for the following areas:
- River Avon at Barford, Hampton Lucy, Alveston and Tiddington
- River Avon at Evesham
- River Avon at Harvington and Offenham
- River Avon at Stratford upon Avon
- River Avon at Warwick
- River Avon at Weston on Avon and Welford on Avon
- River Blythe at Blyth End
- River Cherwell from below Banbury to just above Upper Heyford
- River Leam at Eathorpe, Huningham and Offchurch


What is the most complicated part of the Mergesort algorithm?
There is no partition in Mergesort.
The two main parts of Mergesort are splitting and merging.
Splitting is easy -- just cut the list into two halves.
Merging is not hard, but it is more complicated than splitting.


--- layout: default title: Pull Request usage in % permalink: /pr-usage ---
The percentage of active repositories located in organizations, having more than one contributor, and using pull requests for contributions.
In this context, active designates repositories with at least two users that have pushed commits in the last four weeks. The rationale behind this is that pull request usage is most important in a collaborative environment.
High pull request usage might indicate a high number of code reviews.
For reference, the percentage of status usage in these pull requests is visualized.
High status usage might indicate high CI usage.
Repositories in personal accounts and repositories with a single contributor are ignored, as they are less likely to use pull requests.


Students at lambda school need a place where they can escalate their concerns and receive help. This is where we come in.
Dev Desk
Students
- DevDesk is a platform that allow Lambda students to seek help solving any issue they might encounter.
- All students have to do is sumbit a help ticket to be assisted
- Once the student submits a help ticket, our dedicated team are instantly notified at which point a team member will be assigned to the case, and will either resolve the issue or direct it to the right party to solve it.
Sign Up
Admin
- Sign in to help
- Admins can be assigned to a specific ticket that fits their strengths
- Admins are also able to choose a ticket to help students in need
- After admins complete a task and successfully help a student with their ticket they are then able to mark the ticket as resolved.


|
||||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use Feature | |
|---|---|
| imagerecognition |
| Uses of Feature in imagerecognition |
|---|
| Methods in imagerecognition that return Feature | |
|---|---|
Feature |
ImageRecognition.getBottomAttitudeFeature()
Return the bottom attitude feature of the docking plate |
Feature |
ImageRecognition.getTopAttitudeFeature()
Return the top attitude feature of the docking plate |
private Feature |
ImageRecognition.searchForBottomAttitudeFeature()
Algorithm to find the Bottom red dock alignment beacon from the instance image |
private Feature |
ImageRecognition.searchForLOSFeature()
Algorithm to find the blue LOS beacon from the instance image |
private Feature |
ImageRecognition.searchForTopAttitudeFeature()
Algorithm to find the top green dock alignment beacon from the instance image |
| Methods in imagerecognition with parameters of type Feature | |
|---|---|
double |
ImageRecognition.calculateOffset(Feature topFeature,
Feature bottomFeature)
Calculate the angular difference between two features in degrees |
private boolean |
ImageRecognition.checkBoundary(Feature feature,
int boundaryPC)
Check if the detected feature is in the dangerzone |
private void |
ImageRecognition.drawFeature(Feature feature)
Draw the feature marker on the image |
|
||||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


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DIFFTIME
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)
Updated: 2013-10-28
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
difftime - calculate time difference
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
double difftime(time_t time1, time_t time0);
DESCRIPTION
The
difftime()
function returns the number of seconds elapsed
between time time1 and time time0, represented as a
double.
Each of the times is specified in calendar time, which means its
value is a measurement (in seconds) relative to the
Epoch, 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC).
ATTRIBUTES
Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
The
difftime()
function is thread-safe.
CONFORMING TO
SVr4, 4.3BSD, C89, C99.
NOTES
On a POSIX system,
time_t
is an arithmetic type, and one could just
define
-
#define difftime(t1,t0) (double)(t1 - t0)
when the possible overflow in the subtraction is not a concern.
SEE ALSO
date(1),
gettimeofday(2),
time(2),
ctime(3),
gmtime(3),
localtime(3)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- ATTRIBUTES
-
- Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:55:14 GMT, September 18, 2014


Last week, the party arrived in Kaliatori, the capital of Galia. The elder Lord Khallus led them through town to find the Chamber of Elf-Lords so they could ask for help against Torvid's army. They found the Chamber, but were stopped by an elven bureaucrat who told them they would have to wait days for an appointment. The party decided they didn't have time to wait, and informed him that they had the Book of Creation. He quickly scuttled off, and returned with a venerable Elf-Lord.
The Elf-Lord introduced himself as Nathaniel. He invited the party to discuss their business with him privately, and they agreed. He told them that they should be more cautious about announcing that they held the Book, for there were many in the city who would pay dearly to have it. He said that he could sponsor them to speak in the Chamber of Elf-Lords more quickly - but they would have to have something to show. They could simply announce that they had the Book of Creation, but that would draw potentially dangerous attention. He advised that they instead look into addressing some of the city's problems - especially the issue of the Separatists, who threatened Galia with civil war. However, the party was much more interested in pursuing Nosferatu, the assassin that had killed two members of the Elder Council. Hearing this, Nathaniel recommended that they seek out Saul, the captain of the guard in Galia.
Saul turned out to be a perpetual drunk1 who inhabited the only ramshackle building the party had seen in the capital. Despite that2, he was willing to listen to the party, and was quite supportive of their desire to hunt down Nosferatu. Saul told them that Nosferatu had warned that anyone who tried to discover his identity would become his next target. Between that threat, the significantly enhanced security that now protected the members of the Elder Council, and the weeks that had passed since the previous attacks, the city's efforts to find Nosferatu had largely come to an end. Despite some misgivings, and several threats to throw various members of the party in jail3, Saul agreed to help the party find Nosferatu, and told them that he probably had fled to the Undercity4.
Armed with this knowledge, the party - led by Lord Khallus5 - came up with a plan. They put up wanted posters around the city, near sewer grates that led to the Undercity, advertising their interests in Nosferatu and an address for an inn where they would be staying that night. The party woke up the next morning to find that they had not been assassinated - but that Saul requested their presence as soon as possible.
When the party went to find Saul, he told them that Nathaniel had been attacked in the night by Nosferatu. Saul had saved his life6, but Nathaniel was still badly wounded. The party quickly went to see Nathaniel, and told him that they had a new plan: they would disguise one of their party members as Nathaniel, and when the assassin came back to finish the job, they would ambush the assassin together and defeat him. Impressed by their bravery, Nathaniel allowed Lorelei to assume his appearance. Together, the party returned to Nathaniel's house and set up their ambush.
Join us this week to find out what happens when you try to ambush a legendary assassin!


Harry Connick Jr. Irish roots revealed and he thinks they are "so cool"
by IrishCentral StaffHarry Connick Jr. Irish roots are in Co Down.
Singer and actor Harry Connick Jr unearthed his Irish ancestry on the PBS documentary series “Find Your Roots” back in 2012.
The star of “Will and Grace” and "PS I Love You" discovered that his great fifth grandfather, David McCullough, was originally from a County Down village. McCullough was born in 1738 in the town of Rathfriland.
The County Down man went on to become a wealthy sea captain and “legal pirate” before he moved to Philadelphia. He had seven children and died at the age of 57.
Read more: Why one Spanish region stormed the British Consul General during Irish War of Independence
Connick Jr. realized his roots by tracing his family tree through to McCullough’s daughter, Phebe.
When his Northern Irish roots were revealed Connick Jr said: “That’s so cool!”
*Originally published in 2012.
Read more: The most famous people in the world with Irish roots


The MiniWoB++ benchmark is an extension of the OpenAI MiniWoB benchmark. It adds a number of tasks, Javascript interfaces, as well as Python code for interacting with the environment via Selenium. The benchmark was introduced in our paper: Reinforcement Learning on Web Interfaces using Workflow-Guided Exploration.
For usage, refer to the GitHub repository.
Original tasks. We use a subset of the original MiniWoB tasks that only involve (1) clicking and (2) typing text from the prompt.
Clicking and typing on off-screen elements are allowed since they are performed by Javascript calls.
| choose-list | Choose an item from a drop down list. |
| click-button | Click on a specific button in a generated form. |
| click-button-sequence | Click on buttons in a certain order. |
| click-checkboxes | Click desired checkboxes. |
| click-color | Click the specified color. |
| click-dialog | Click the button to close the dialog box. |
| click-dialog-2 | Click a specific button in a dialog box. |
| click-link | Click on a specified link in text. |
| click-option | Click option boxes. |
| click-shades | Click the shades that match a specified color. |
| click-shape | Click on a specific shape. |
| click-tab | Click on a tab element. |
| click-tab-2 | Click a link inside a specific tab element. |
| click-test | Click on a single button. |
| click-test-2 | Click on one of two buttons. |
| click-widget | Click on a specific widget in a generated form. |
| count-shape | Count number of shapes. |
| email-inbox | Navigate through an email inbox and perform some actions. |
| enter-date | Use the date input to pick the correct date. |
| enter-password | Enter the password into the form. |
| enter-text | Enter given text to a textfield. |
| enter-text-dynamic | Enter dynamically generated text to a textfield. |
| enter-time | Enter the specified time into the input. |
| focus-text | Focus into a text input. |
| focus-text-2 | Focus on a specific text input. |
| grid-coordinate | Find the Cartesian coordinates on a grid. |
| guess-number | Guess the number. |
| identify-shape | Identify a randomly generated shape. |
| login-user | Enter user login details into the form. |
| navigate-tree | Navigate a file tree to find a specified file or folder. |
| search-engine | Search through a bunch of results to find a specified link. |
| social-media | Interact with a social media feed. |
| tic-tac-toe | Win a game of tic-tac-toe. |
| use-spinner | Use a spinner to select given number. |
The UI elements in some tasks have animation delays or change the state when the browser is defocused. We provide the "nodelay" version without these issues.
| book-flight | Search for flight results. |
| choose-date | Learn to operate a date picker tool. |
| click-collapsible | Click a collapsible element to expand it. |
| click-collapsible-2 | Find and click on a specified link, from collapsible elements. |
| click-pie | Click items on a pie menu. |
| use-autocomplete | Use autocomplete element efficiently. |
| book-flight-nodelay | [book-flight] |
| choose-date-nodelay | [choose-date] |
| click-collapsible-2-nodelay | [click-collapsible-2] |
| click-collapsible-nodelay | [click-collapsible] |
| click-pie-nodelay | [click-pie] |
| use-autocomplete-nodelay | [use-autocomplete] |
Additional tasks. Some are harder versions of the existing tasks, while some are completely new.
| click-checkboxes-large | [click-checkboxes] Click at least 5 out of up to 12 checkboxes |
| click-checkboxes-soft | [click-checkboxes] Paraphrased entries |
| click-checkboxes-transfer | [click-checkboxes] Train and test on different number of targets |
| click-tab-2-hard | [click-tab-2] Varying number of tabs from 2 to 6 |
| login-user-popup | [login-user] Random popup |
| multi-layouts | Fill in forms of varying layouts. |
| multi-orderings | Fill in forms with shuffled field orderings. |
| social-media-all | [social-media] Do some action on all matching entries |
| social-media-some | [social-media] Do some action on some matching entries |
| email-inbox-forward-nl | [email-inbox-forward] NL instruction (30 templates) |
| email-inbox-forward-nl-turk | [email-inbox-forward] NL instruction (100 templates) |
| email-inbox-nl-turk | [email-inbox] NL instruction (100 templates for each subtask) |
Flight search tasks. These are server-free ports of the FormWoB tasks in the original World of Bits paper.
| flight.Alaska | port of Alaska FormWoB |
| flight.Alaska-auto | port of Alaska FormWoB but harder |
| flight.AA | port of American Airlines FormWoB (unused) |
Debug tasks. These are easier versions of existing tasks. They are used for debugging.
| choose-date-easy | [choose-date] December only |
| choose-date-medium | [choose-date] December or November only |
| click-tab-2-easy | [click-tab-2] One 1 tab |
| click-tab-2-medium | [click-tab-2] Choose between a link or "no match" |
| click-test-transfer | [click-test] Different buttons during train and test |
| email-inbox-delete | [email-inbox] No scrolling + 1 subtask |
| email-inbox-forward | [email-inbox] No scrolling + 1 subtask |
| email-inbox-important | [email-inbox] No scrolling + 1 subtask |
| email-inbox-noscroll | [email-inbox] No scrolling |
| email-inbox-reply | [email-inbox] No scrolling + 1 subtask |
| email-inbox-star-reply | [email-inbox] No scrolling + 2 subtasks |
Clicking non-elements. These tasks involve clicking at a specific point inside a canvas-like element.
| bisect-angle | Find the line that bisects an angle evenly in two. |
| circle-center | Find the center of a circle. |
| count-sides | Count the number of sides on a shape. |
| find-midpoint | Find the shortest mid-point of two points. |
| number-checkboxes | Draw a given number using checkboxes. |
| right-angle | Given two points, add a third point to create a right angle. |
| use-colorwheel | Use a color wheel. |
| use-colorwheel-2 | Use a color wheel given specific random color. |
Hovering. These tasks require hovering and moving the mouse cursor.
| click-menu | Click menu items. |
| click-menu-2 | Find a specific item from a menu. |
Dragging. These tasks involve dragging.
| click-scroll-list | Click multiple items from a scroll list. (also require Shift + click) |
| drag-box | Drag the smaller box into the larger box. |
| drag-circle | Drag an item in a specified direction. |
| drag-cube | Drag a 3D cube to show a specific face. |
| drag-items | Drag items in a list, in a specified direction |
| drag-items-grid | Drag items in a 2D grid around. |
| drag-shapes | Drag shapes into a box. |
| drag-sort-numbers | Drag numbers into sorted ascending order. |
| highlight-text | Highlight all the text. |
| highlight-text-2 | Highlight the specified paragraph. |
| resize-textarea | Resize a textarea in a given direction. |
| scroll-text | Scroll through a text area element and enter last word into text area. |
| scroll-text-2 | Scroll through a text area in a given direction. |
| text-editor | Modify a text"s style in a text-editor. |
| use-slider | Use a slider to select a particular value. |
| use-slider-2 | Use sliders to create a given combination. |
Typing free text. These tasks involve typing texts that are not substrings of the prompt. Some of these also require advanced reasoning (e.g., solving math problems).
| copy-paste | Copy text and paste it into an input. |
| copy-paste-2 | Copy text from a specific textarea and paste it into an input. |
| enter-text-2 | Convert given text to upper or lower case. |
| find-word | Find nth word in a block of text. |
| read-table | Read information out from a table. |
| read-table-2 | Read multiple pieces of information out from a table. |
| simple-algebra | Solve for X. |
| simple-arithmetic | Perform some arithmetic math operations. |
| terminal | Use the terminal to delete a file. |
| text-transform | Enter slightly transformed text into a text box. |
| visual-addition | Count the total number of blocks. |
Timing. These tasks require the agent to wait for events to happen before acting, and a "nodelay" version is impossible to make.
| chase-circle | Keep your mouse inside a moving circle. |
| moving-items | Click moving items before they disappear. |
| simon-says | Push the buttons in the order shown. |
Missing. These tasks are listed in the original paper but were missing from the OpenAI website.
| ascending-numbers | Click on the numbers in ascending order. |
| button-delay | Wait a certain period of time before clicking the second button. |
| buy-ticket | Buy a ticket that matches the requested criteria. |
| daily-calendar | Create an event on a daily calendar. |
| drag-shape | Drag a randomly generated shape in a specified direction. |
| drag-shapes-2 | Drag shapes into boxes, categorized by type. |
| draw-circle | Draw a circle around a marked point. |
| draw-line | Draw a line through a marked point. |
| find-greatest | Find the card with the greatest number. |
| form-sequence | Perform a series of instructions on a form. |
| form-sequence-2 | Perform a series of instructions on a form. |
| form-sequence-3 | Perform a series of instructions on a form. |
| generate-number | Generate a random number that meets certain criteria. |
| hot-cold | Find and click on the hot area. |
| hover-shape | Hover over the colored shape. |
| odd-or-even | Mark each number as odd or even. |
| order-food | Order food items from a menu. |
| phone-book | Find a contact in a phone book. |
| sign-agreement | Sign a user agreement. |
| stock-market | Buy from the stock market below a specified price. |


--- layout: newsstory title: AN HONOURABLE DRAW match: Yeltz 2 WBA 2 ---
Honours were shared in the now traditional pre-season friendly against the Albion when the mighty Yeltz held their neighbours to a 2-2 draw .
The Baggies twice took the lead through ex-Kiddy star striker Lee Hughes , but both times we equalised with a first goal for new signing Lyndon Rowlands and one from Crispy .
Previously, we had a disappointing 2-1 defeat at Cradley Town , but to be honest, who cares? A few more meaningless friendlies are coming up before the start of the season proper on August 14th at home to Dorchester .