HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS A film review by Ralph Benner Copyright 1996 Ralph Benner
No first novel since Harper Lee's TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD has moved me more deeply than Isabel Allende's THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS. For days after completing it, I wondered why: among the legion of international readers overwhelmed, I too was dizzied by the swirling romanticism, stoned on the superbly crafted interweaving of close family observation and political raison d'etre -- the most educated of Latin American countries succumbing to the historic inevitability of fascism. But why were there these waves of emotions every so often that crushed me? Why did I suddenly, frequently start welling up, even before the ending? In a word -- Barrabas. Cynics might describe the use of Clara the Clairvoyant's dog as manipulative, and if a reader has never been attached to a pet of any kind, shrugging off his importance isn't only easy, it's fatal to one's receptiveness: Barrabas isn't the center of this sprawling yet intimate epic of the Trueba family, but he is its spiritual symbol. Barrabas, more than celestial Clara, rises from the ashes of ruin.
THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS has been compared to Nobel prize winner Gabriel Garcia Marquez's ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE, about a Colombian family named the Buendias and through which Garcia Marquez turns a century's worth of the ordinary and the solitude of their lives into "magic realism." For nearly four decades Latin American novelists, short story tellers and poets who have employed this legerdemain as genre have been the rage among the literati, who have exalted to the most high Garcia Marquez as its master, sometimes without acknowledging that Jorge Luis Borges's A UNIVERSAL HISTORY OF INFAMY carpet rides through Garcia Marquez's most famous work. The smart set doesn't remind us, either, that Cuban novelists Alejo Carpentier, with his THE LOST STEPS, and Jose Lezama Lima, with his PARADISO and Peruvian Mario Vargas Llosa were the early laborers-keepers of the path Borges helped explore. There's scarce mention of the first Latin American ever to win the Nobel for literature, Chilean Gabriela Mistral, for her passionately spiritual poetry, and, having become her protege and subsequent winner of the coveted prize, even rarer tribute to Pablo Neruda, whose poems established him as first a symbolist, then surrealist, finally a realist. The same mostly Latin intellectuals, who shower acclaim on Manuel Puig's melodramatics like the fraudulent KISS OF THE SPIDER WOMAN, genuflect to Carlos Fuentes, fake an understanding of Borges's avant garde puzzle making, mention rather cursorily Isabel Allende, as if not to would be the larger crime than not giving her the praise she so justly earns for THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS. The reticence may be the result of how machismo has for long governed the established dictates of Latin protocol: the weaker vessel as novelist is not thought to be worthy of serious consideration. Shortly into the first chapters of THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS, we're not only hooked, we're in the presence of a writer so graceful and enveloping that how could we be anything but in awe over how, borrowing from Garcia Marquez's metier, she enlarges the experience of a magical mystery tour by breaking our hearts and at the same time fill us with joy? The feeling derived is similar to a comment Neruda made about his most widely read book TWENTY LOVE POEMS AND A SONG OF DESPAIR: "By some miracle which I do not understand, this tormented book has opened the road to happiness for many, many people." ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE might have drown of incredulity had Garcia Marquez not been an alchemist swimmer -- a virtuoso who strokes words into pieces of the hidden St. Joseph's gold and make them, despite the surrounding sea of detail, "glow like embers in the darkness." The lava-like rush that comes at the conclusion of his novel would have been more impacting than it is had, one, he not foreshadowed the storm (one of those irritating genre traits), and two, had he a real or reader-felt emotional investment in his characters and not his technique of transmutation. His is a wondrous, flabbergasting achievement but a queerly cold-blooded "fervor for the written word (as) an interweaving of solemn respect and gossipy irreverence." Allende's a loving tribute to Garcia Marquez, yet, as if using her skills as a long time journalist to dissect and discover what was left wanting of ONE HUNDRED YEARS, an emotional blockbuster. She does the impossible: we glide effortlessly through her entrancing, precisioned prose -- we're never in danger of sinking to her near-bottomless pit of itemization. We're not weighed down by the hocus pocus Garcia Marquez sometimes infuriates with -- like Remedios the Beauty's ascent to heaven without a follow-up (readers wanted a news flash about Heaven) or his pair of doomed lovers fornicating in muriatic acid. And we don't lose our patience as we came close to doing with Garcia Marquez's exasperating repetition of genealogical nomenclature (which required of me twenty pages of notes just to keep track of) or risk tolerance with her like some of us did over the insanity of Puig's belief that it's acceptable to make a heroine out of gay man by sacrificing himself as something or someone he's not, and never was. (Puig's Molina is really a candidate for transsexuality.) With Allende, we reel in a high with no after-effects: she's not only penning a quixotic diary-romance within the realities of Chile's tragedy -- her slain uncle Salvador Allende is here, as well as Neruda, who, as the Chilean Ambassador to France, lost his life during the early stages of the Pinochet coup -- but she's also taking us on an exhilarating journey to the heart of egalitarianism, a doctrine that will be used again in the EVA LUNA stories and her first novel on America, the touristy THE INFINITE PLAN.
As we get deep into Allende's slightly autobiographical novel and come across Clara, her twin boys, daughter Blanca, granddaughter Alba, the "Mora Sisters, the Rosicrucians, the Theosophists, the telepathists, the rainmakers, the peripatetics," we're positive they'd all be perfectly at home in Garcia Marquez's Macondo. Early in HOUSE Allende mocks a priest's visions of hell and damnation through Clara's one-liner, while Garcia Marquez has a priest failing to attract people to his church by using levitation (and one of the many Jose Arcadio Buendias tries to answer the question of the existence of God by attempting to photograph him); in HOUSE there's a builder of animal-based crŠches, in ONE HUNDRED YEARS a maker of little fish; both books have characters who ethereally wander. If Allende's book dedication is any measure, however, I'd postulate she might have been more feministly influenced by Humberto Sol s's 1968 movie epic of Cuban independence, LUCIA, a trilogy of political epochs told from the point of view of three women named the same. And perhaps shaded her novel with factually-based realism out of Patricio Guzman's documentary THE BATTLE OF CHILE. Both of these films tend to expose their explicit political themes: LUCIA tries, with one part delirium, one part melancholy, one part demagogic sexism, to applaud Communism, Castro-style, but what it ends up as is a celebration of true freedom; despite the mandatory exclamation points as virtues of Communism, LUCIA subversively reveals the folly of a bankrupt system by bringing to the surface emotions and sex that betray the very intentions aimed for. And though THE BATTLE OF CHILE seems to have the heaven-sent imprimatur of the dead first Marxist-Socialist president of Chile, by the time it's over, we're fairly sure that any attempt-experiment to enforce Marxism through constitutional law is an unenforceable contradiction. Allende's novel has the feel of an artful polemic, too, but she's a humanitarian foremost; skirting definitive failure and blame, she allows her uncle to escape severe excoriation by more than suggesting his administration was maligned not only by the Conservatives and the military, with assistance from Nixon and Kissinger (we had ships off the coast of Chile during the coup), but also by the huge influx of naive, inexperienced socialist reformers who knew not the ways to navigate and manipulate the otherwise paralyzing labyrinth of bureaucracy. As with LUCIA, Allende frames her women as victims of cultural traps. This pitfall as trait -- building a political and life style base out of pumped-up pride and sexual prowess that is so very distinctive in Latin countries -- is part of the basis that makes machismo the most dangerously attractive of all isms. Those experiences with Latin men, like the women in LUCIA, ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE and THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS, would I think agree there's little that's more demonic or demagogic than Latin machismo and the worship of it gone amuck.
This kind of worship tends to discourage equality movements and dampen convictions and helps create a void shrouded by premonition: In ONE HUNDRED YEARS, Garcia Marquez flirts with the "insomnia plague," which, until there's an arrival of antidote, causes the residents of Macondo to forget everything -- even forget that they're forgetting. (A bit like Borges' A THEOLOGIAN IN DEATH.) Readers wait for the plague to be used as a metaphor for what V.S. Naipaul, in his THE RETURN OF EVA PERON, wrote of Argentina: "A country where government has never been open and intellectual resources are scant, the rhetoric of the regime is usually all that survives to explain it. Argentina has the apparatus of an educated, open society. There are newspapers and magazines and universities and publishing houses; there is even a film industry. But the country has as yet no idea of itself. Streets and avenues are named after presidents and generals, but there is no art of historical (and critical) analysis; there is no art of biography. There is legend and antiquarian romance, but no real history." In describing Macondo's banana workers' rebellion that saw three thousand killed and dumped in the sea and later covered up not only by the government but also by all but three of Macondo's residents, and in the novel's very last sentences, Garcia Marquez confirms that denying realities and human rights means being repeatedly condemned to oppression. As Michael Wood's SWEAT OF THE SUN, TEARS OF THE MOON likewise attests, in Latin America this seemingly inherited forgetfulness springs forth the plague of the legacy of Bolivarian machismo -- a fatalism that ensures fascism. (America has its own fascist plague -- the WRWC, the White Right Wing Christers.)
If you either read the novel and weren't caught up in Allende's spell, or didn't read it, you'll most probably dislike Bille August's adaptation of THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS, perhaps intensely: he's neither magician nor sensualist and one and preferably both are sine qua non. If, however, you're among those overwhelmed by the novel, then the movie will be like a refresher course; watching it, even with its changes, the original story comes flooding back. That is both praise and caution: Bille August and his too extraordinary cast have given us a labor of love, and no lover of the book could deem it less charitably; the concern is that the big Anglo names, who worked for next-to-nothing salaries in order to help secure the financing, might displace Allende's intimate epic on Chile and become, more or less, guest victimas -- a Juicio en Santiago. There is a risky element of the trickster as we watch August roll out Jeremy Irons, Vanessa Redgrave, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Glenn Close, and, most apparent, Meryl Streep. Some of us even felt fear: that the cast would generate derision, and in pre-release screenings howls from detractors erupted, especially with Irons' flattened, tongue-twisted accent and Streep being at a minimum two decades too old to play a young Clara the Clairvoyant. It's common knowledge that Garcia Marquez has forbade any discussion of ONE HUNDRED YEARS as movie, and it's been reported that he'd release LOVE IN THE TIME OF CHOLERA only to a Latin American movie maker.  The carpers are saying that, at the least, a Latin should have filmed THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS, because, they bitch, how can Irons, Streep, Close, Redgrave, Ryder pose as Chileans when they're unquestionably WASPy and the director's a milky white, frosty Dane? Some of the reviewers are balking that the movie doesn't even look South American. In a desperate ploy to gain audience share, Miramax is printing in full Janet Maslin's favorable N.Y. Times review, yet in it she says that purists should beware: the movie does "not retain the flavor of Allende's setting, which here seems oddly European at times." Nescience knows no bounds: Santiago, like Buenos Aires, was, and remains largely, a carbon copy of a European capital. My travel agent hit it on the head when he said of B.A.: "It's Vienna on a bad day." If it weren't for the co-mingling of Indian-blooded, often serape-clad South Americans in these cities, you'd swear the city dwellers were European. Because so many, especially the ruling class, are of European blood, they see themselves as Europeans first -- as does the patriarch of the Trueba family -- and Latin second. (Colombian Garcia Marquez looks Barcelonian; the late Puig resembled a bit the late Borges, whom few would have tagged as Argentine; and Allende's physicality is now lost to Californization, but in certain pictures she looks amazingly like Jihan Sadat.) I'm more than suggesting that as August casts the principals, he's not to be castigated for not going "native." And, proving the carpers didn't read much of the novel, Santiago is not predominantly used; it's an equal split between a fictitiously named capital and the countryside. Though exteriors were shot in Portugal, what he gave us is more than sufficient.
It takes some time to accept this cast, that much I grant. While the novel has six women who are the hub of spiritual and egalitarian emanations, as if touched by Gabriela Mistral, the movie, because of time constraints, rather daringly puts curmudgeon patriarch Esteban Trueba at the center, with Blanca, his and Clara's daughter, the narrator. In biological and political terms, Esteban is the nucleus of the book: all that happens he's either directly or subversively involved.  To play and retain the ruinous stubbornness of Esteban, Jeremy Irons strips himself of his own British voice and gives us something like a hoarse Sam Elliott rattling off a patrician form of Esperanto. Not very long into the picture and up to the point of aging as an old man, when he looks somewhat like Burt Lancaster walking like Borges, Irons is surprisingly butch in his snobbish portliness -- like a tanned, old-world Edward Albee. (On horse and wearing a riding hat, he brings to mind Sam Neill as Albee.) This mutability doesn't hurt him; in fact he may be one of the rarest of British actors who is best not being British, though what makes this apparently true is unfair: his physicality can make one's flesh crawl, as it did for me watching his snot-filled virility in DAMAGE, Louis Malle's insipid rip-off of LAST TANGO IN PARIS. (Or in Harold Pinter's unyielding BETRAYAL.) Working away from his country's sickly, drab demeanor, Irons springs to entertaining life: inexplicably it's his prissified masculinity that makes him so unimaginably right for the twin psychos in DEAD RINGER and equally super-fitting for the chilled-out, postured indifference of necrophilic vampire Claus von Bulow in Barbet Schroder's ghoulish REVERSAL OF FORTUNE. (When Irons declares, "Innocence has always been my position," he earns the undisputed crown for giving the star performance of 1990 -- the most sophisticatedly kinky-sick let-it-bleed assault on drollness since any you-name-it by Sir John Gielgud; it spooked the hell out of me much more than Hopkins' munchies.) Hating his stuffy Esteban is as much "solemn" fun as it is in the novel, but in that August cuts out the symbolic Barrabas, viewers are short-changed of the concluding uplift of spirituality -- a finale which, Allende confessed on a Discovery Channel documentary about sleep, came to her in a vivid dream.
Before the movie began, some audience members wondered outloud what accent Meryl Streep would foist on us as Clara. Castilian? Catalan? A hybrid? The laughs Irons gets from the clods at the beginning quickly becomes one of disappointment when Streep doesn't provide any. There's a second or two of shock that she has the courage to play Clara as a young woman, when no matter what director August does to help her (and it isn't much), the inescapable fact is, there's no way for her to convince us that she can -- and troubling because it's so damn distracting. She doesn't help ingratiate herself to us, either: there's an aura of depression, not the supernatural, hanging around her -- she looks and acts exhausted, not too unlike Julie Andrews's last hour in HAWAII. Allende describes Clara as "the most elegant, discreet and charming lady of (her) social circle," but you'd be hard-pressed to find traces of these attributes in the movie. If you haven't read the novel, then Clara's self-imposed muting will confuse. August changes the focus of the "respectful" at Clara's funeral: gone is "the hodgepodge of delegations -- poor children, students, labor unionists, nuns, mongoloid children, bohemians, spiritualists" and in are the conspirators, right out of THE BATTLE OF CHILE. A minor miracle, though, that we believe it when Streep's Clara says good-bye to Esteban's sister Ferula, played by Glenn Close, or when she makes after-death visitations. She does a great collapse when Irons slaps her, and she wears her hair as illustrated on the cover of the 1986 Bantam book edition. As Clara's parents, Vanessa Redgrave is merely extending her magnanimity from Howards End, and Armin Mueller-Stahl sounds as if he's looping in real time his own performance. Hinting once more at Anne Revere, this time as an Oriental version, Close, who was August's first choice to play Clara some years back (with William Hurt as Esteban), has the movie's one totally manufactured bit -- going to the priest to confess her attraction to Clara. The accusation of the lesbian is in the novel but expressed only by Esteban, but why August thought it necessary for us to have this movie Ferula suffer the embarrassment of the probable truth isn't quite understandable: doesn't August realize that Ferula would literally die before she could ever admit it? Her death is precipitated by having been denied by the jealous Esteban her friendship and loving care of Clara, and likely by her guilt of amorous feelings she couldn't handle. A more satisfactory alteration would have been for Close, before her character wills herself to death, to rage at Irons, because there's plenty to rage about. And no American actress rages more chillingly than Close. (This is the second movie in which she plays a victim to Irons -- the first as the nincompoopy Sonny in REVERSAL OF FORTUNE.) Am I the only to have noticed that when Ferula's & Esteban's mother dies, the size of the coffin wouldn't be quite up to the task?
Allende describes Blanca as having "Arabian eyes," a "Moorish, languid air about her. She was tall and well endowed, of a rather helpless and tearful temperament that roused men's ancestral instinct for protection." Winona Ryder looks neither Arabic nor tall and teary, and the toughness she brings to the role is duality: to compress the tragedies within the family tree, August has Blanca endure what her own daughter Alba does in the novel -- the torture of the junta. (Allende has Blanca and her beloved Pedro escaping to Canada while Alba is left behind and repeatedly violated by one of Esteban's offspring.) This change unobjectionable in that the story lines of Blanca and Alba are much the same, but what isn't acceptable -- and is the movie's biggest mistake -- is Ryder's narration. Her voice is so ordinary, overly uninspired and lacking of resonance and out of pithy sync with the sweeping emotionality of Allende's plangent language that both the author's and our sensitivities get mugged.
Watching Bille August's version, I was startled by what fidelity he held to the narrative itself; compacting the novel's major scenes, he gets to the quick of each and only in a few major instances did I feel he skimped glaringly: the truncation of how the Conservative politicians, in cahoots with the military headed by Pinochet and assisted by American hanky panky, sabotaged Salvador Allende's attempts at social and political reform, and the absence of Barrabas. The lack of the former is easier to pardon because author Allende, as the niece of the slain Chilean president, provides a safety net for herself: she's practically taking aspirin to reduce the rising fever of socialism and her political scenes are all clich‚s and truisms. Her most daring bit is using Nobel-winning Neruda as The Poet and having him die under Pinochet's junta, a death that passed in America without regret. (Neither Richard Nixon in his recollections nor Henry Kissinger in his two bloated volumes of mendacious memoirs have the decency to call the junta they supported to account for the outrage, probably because Neruda was in fact the Chilean Communist Party's candidate for president in 1970, and his politics caused him trouble as far back as 1948, when he was indicted as a subversive and had to escape to the Andes on horseback.) The Poet is not included in the movie, and American involvement is only insinuated.
Barrabas's absence is another matter altogether. Being a sucker for dogs, when in the novel Barrabas is assassinated as political warning, I don't think I'm the only reader who quickly choked up. The shock and cruelty of it seemed like rivets pounded into the heart. When Esteban has the dog taxidermied as rug for Clara, at whose feet he died, there's a riff between intention and outcome: the rug was done to please Clara the eternal spiritualist, but she will have no part of it; she condemns the remains to the basement. But Barrabas rises from the cellar in two moments of such breathtaking love that I still get goose bumps thinking about it: when Clara dies, her beloved granddaughter Alba is found after the funeral to be sleeping on Barrabas, and, after Esteban slowly acknowledges and regrets that his acquiescence to the military in order to "save" the country from Allende has been submission to fascism, he surreptitiously works to free both his daughter and her lover from the hands of Pinochet's henchmen and, as if to cleanse, decides to open up his Santiago home and put on loving display Barrabas. "Let's leave him here," he says, "this is where he always should have been." Though Allende claims to like -- and approve of the changes for -- the movie, August only proved that a movie maker could make THE HOUSE OF THE SPIRITS. Unlike ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE, which is rather like a movie fantasist's dream of a screenplay never to be dared, HOUSE isn't an insurmountable challenge -- in that the story is factually based, its magic has receptive narrative continuity. What August proved even more is that the next time around, probably as a deluxe TV miniseries, the book will be in the hands of a sensualist like Bertolucci or perhaps a fantasist like Hector Babenco, or better yet Humberto Sol s (who could bring out the appropriate melancholic refrains over failed Revolutions, as he tried to do in 1975's CANATA DE CHILE) and marvellous facets of imagination like green hair, Nivea's head, Clara's twins and the Mora Sisters will return and, above all else, Barrabas will rise, not fall.
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Configure Hugo
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├── config
│ ├── _default
│ │ ├── config.toml
│ │ ├── languages.toml
│ │ ├── menus.en.toml
│ │ ├── menus.zh.toml
│ │ └── params.toml
│ ├── production
│ │ ├── config.toml
│ │ └── params.toml
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Configuration Environment Variables
- HUGO_NUMWORKERMULTIPLIER
- Can be set to increase or reduce the number of workers used in parallel processing in Hugo. If not set, the number of logical CPUs will be used.
Configuration Lookup Order
Similar to the template lookup order, Hugo has a default set of rules for searching for a configuration file in the root of your website’s source directory as a default behavior:
./config.toml
./config.yaml
./config.json
In your config
file, you can direct Hugo as to how you want your website rendered, control your website’s menus, and arbitrarily define site-wide parameters specific to your project.
Example Configuration
The following is a typical example of a configuration file. The values nested under params:
will populate the .Site.Params
variable for use in templates:
baseURL: https://yoursite.example.com/
footnoteReturnLinkContents: ↩
params:
AuthorName: Jon Doe
GitHubUser: spf13
ListOfFoo:
- foo1
- foo2
SidebarRecentLimit: 5
Subtitle: Hugo is Absurdly Fast!
permalinks:
posts: /:year/:month/:title/
title: My Hugo Site
baseURL = "https://yoursite.example.com/"
footnoteReturnLinkContents = "↩"
title = "My Hugo Site"
[params]
AuthorName = "Jon Doe"
GitHubUser = "spf13"
ListOfFoo = ["foo1", "foo2"]
SidebarRecentLimit = 5
Subtitle = "Hugo is Absurdly Fast!"
[permalinks]
posts = "/:year/:month/:title/"
{
"baseURL": "https://yoursite.example.com/",
"footnoteReturnLinkContents": "↩",
"params": {
"AuthorName": "Jon Doe",
"GitHubUser": "spf13",
"ListOfFoo": [
"foo1",
"foo2"
],
"SidebarRecentLimit": 5,
"Subtitle": "Hugo is Absurdly Fast!"
},
"permalinks": {
"posts": "/:year/:month/:title/"
},
"title": "My Hugo Site"
}
Configure with Environment Variables
In addition to the 3 config options already mentioned, configuration key-values can be defined through operating system environment variables.
For example, the following command will effectively set a website’s title on Unix-like systems:
$ env HUGO_TITLE="Some Title" hugo
This is really useful if you use a service such as Netlify to deploy your site. Look at the Hugo docs Netlify configuration file for an example.
Ignore Content Files When Rendering
The following statement inside ./config.toml
will cause Hugo to ignore content files ending with .foo
and .boo
when rendering:
ignoreFiles = [ "\\.foo$", "\\.boo$" ]
The above is a list of regular expressions. Note that the backslash (\
) character is escaped in this example to keep TOML happy.
Configure Front Matter
Configure Dates
Dates are important in Hugo, and you can configure how Hugo assigns dates to your content pages. You do this by adding a frontmatter
section to your config.toml
.
The default configuration is:
[frontmatter]
date = ["date", "publishDate", "lastmod"]
lastmod = [":git", "lastmod", "date", "publishDate"]
publishDate = ["publishDate", "date"]
expiryDate = ["expiryDate"]
If you, as an example, have a non-standard date parameter in some of your content, you can override the setting for date
:
[frontmatter]
date = ["myDate", ":default"]
The :default
is a shortcut to the default settings. The above will set .Date
to the date value in myDate
if present, if not we will look in date
,publishDate
, lastmod
and pick the first valid date.
In the list to the right, values starting with “:” are date handlers with a special meaning (see below). The others are just names of date parameters (case insensitive) in your front matter configuration. Also note that Hugo have some built-in aliases to the above: lastmod
=> modified
, publishDate
=> pubdate
, published
and expiryDate
=> unpublishdate
. With that, as an example, using pubDate
as a date in front matter, will, by default, be assigned to .PublishDate
.
The special date handlers are:
:fileModTime
- Fetches the date from the content file’s last modification timestamp.
An example:
[frontmatter]
lastmod = ["lastmod", ":fileModTime", ":default"]
The above will try first to extract the value for .Lastmod
starting with the lastmod
front matter parameter, then the content file’s modification timestamp. The last, :default
should not be needed here, but Hugo will finally look for a valid date in :git
, date
and then publishDate
.
:filename
- Fetches the date from the content file’s filename. For example,
2018-02-22-mypage.md
will extract the date2018-02-22
. Also, ifslug
is not set,mypage
will be used as the value for.Slug
.
An example:
[frontmatter]
date = [":filename", ":default"]
The above will try first to extract the value for .Date
from the filename, then it will look in front matter parameters date
, publishDate
and lastly lastmod
.
:git
- This is the Git author date for the last revision of this content file. This will only be set if
--enableGitInfo
is set orenableGitInfo = true
is set in site config.
Configure Additional Output Formats
Hugo v0.20 introduced the ability to render your content to multiple output formats (e.g., to JSON, AMP html, or CSV). See Output Formats for information on how to add these values to your Hugo project’s configuration file.
Configure File Caches
Since Hugo 0.52 you can configure more than just the cacheDir
. This is the default configuration:
[caches]
[caches.getjson]
dir = ":cacheDir/:project"
maxAge = -1
[caches.getcsv]
dir = ":cacheDir/:project"
maxAge = -1
[caches.images]
dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
maxAge = -1
[caches.assets]
dir = ":resourceDir/_gen"
maxAge = -1
[caches.modules]
dir = ":cacheDir/modules"
maxAge = -1
You can override any of these cache setting in your own config.toml
.
The keywords explained
:cacheDir
- This is the value of the
cacheDir
config option if set (can also be set via OS env variableHUGO_CACHEDIR
). It will fall back to/opt/build/cache/hugo_cache/
on Netlify, or ahugo_cache
directory below the OS temp dir for the others. This means that if you run your builds on Netlify, all caches configured with:cacheDir
will be saved and restored on the next build. For other CI vendors, please read their documentation. For an CircleCI example, see this configuration. :project
- The base directory name of the current Hugo project. This means that, in its default setting, every project will have separated file caches, which means that when you do
hugo --gc
you will not touch files related to other Hugo projects running on the same PC. :resourceDir
- This is the value of the
resourceDir
config option. - maxAge
- This is the duration before a cache entry will be evicted, -1 means forever and 0 effectively turns that particular cache off. Uses Go’s
time.Duration
, so valid values are"10s"
(10 seconds),"10m"
(10 minutes) and"10h"
(10 hours). - dir
- The absolute path to where the files for this cache will be stored. Allowed starting placeholders are
:cacheDir
and:resourceDir
(see above).


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- Class method in class
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- Class method in class
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- Class method in class
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- Class method in class
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- Class method in class
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deleteSlide(slideIndex)
- Class method in class
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deleteSlideTag(slideIndex, tagName)
- Class method in class
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E
embedOLE(tmpPath, title, url, usr, pwd)
- Class method in class
MLA
G
getConfiguration()
- Class method in class
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getCustomXMLPart(customXMLPartId)
- Class method in class
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getCustomXMLPartIds()
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getShapeRangeName()
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getShapeRangeShapeNames()
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getShapeRangeView(slideIndex, shapeName)
- Class method in class
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getSlideIndex()
- Class method in class
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getSlideName()
- Class method in class
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getSlideShapeNames(slideIndex)
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getSlideTags(slideIndex)
- Class method in class
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getTempPath()
- Class method in class
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getVersion()
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I
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insertSlide(tmpPath, filename, slideidx, url, user, pwd,retain)
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J
jsonParse(jsonString, reviver)
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jsonStringify(jsObject, replacer)
- Class method in class
MLA
M
MLA
- class
MLA
MLA()
- Constructor in class
MLA
MLA.ShapeRangeView
- class
MLA.ShapeRangeView
MLA.ShapeRangeView()
- Constructor in class
MLA.ShapeRangeView
O
openPPTX(tmpPath, docuri, url, user, pwd)
- Class method in class
MLA
S
saveActivePresentation(filename, url, user, pwd)
- Class method in class
MLA
saveActivePresentationAndImages(saveasdir, saveasname, url, user, pwd)
- Class method in class
MLA
saveImages(imgdir, url, user, pwd)
- Class method in class
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saveLocalCopy(filename)
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setPictureFormat(slideIndex, shapeName, jsonPicFormat)
- Class method in class
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- Class method in class
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Documentation generated by
JSDoc
on Thu Sep 23 16:38:15 2010


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It looks like you haven't logged into your account in about #logged_in_ago.
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Should you have any problems accessing your account, you can send us a message from the same email address, to: #organization_name
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Python is likely a programming language that many UMD InfoSci students are familiar with, as this is the language taught in both the introductory programming class (INST126) and the object oriented programming class (INST326) in the iSchool.
Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented language built using C. For this reason, one of its strong pros is that it is very readable to someone who is not familiar with the language to begin with. It is very close to English.
Another pro of Python is that it has very strong object-oriented capability. This is a style of programming that allows the programmer to think about their scripts in terms of real-world objects and store and manipulate data within "objects."
One of the key features, and in my opinion, a strength, of Python is its code block syntax, which throws off lots of programmers who are used to other languages. Python uses indentation, or "whitespace" to specify code that belongs to a block. Python is very strict about whitespace as if something is on the wrong indentation level, the Python interpreter will read your code the wrong way and you won't get the result you expect.
This form of whitespace specification is also known as "implicit" code block syntax, as there isn't a specific character or keyword used to specify a block of code.
In terms of graphic user interface design, python generally relies on a library known as tkinter to build GUIs.
Pictured below is a project I worked on that uses a tkinter GUI to display data gethered from an API known as The Color API. The user enters either a hex value or 3 RGB values and the program outputs a page with two colored boxes, one box is the color of the value you entered, and the other box is the complementary color to the color you entered.
Although I am proud of this project, this took me about a week of effort, and the tkinter frame is still very rudimentary, it almost looks like an early Windows program from the 90s.
In my opinion, designing GUIs is not where Python thrives. Python is very strong when it comes to data science. Similar to tkinter, Python has a library called Pandas which is famous for its ability to create "dataframes" Dataframes are like excel spreadsheets in that there are columns and rows and each cell has a significance in terms of the data.
Pandas is very useful when analyzing large datasets. It is very easy to turn a csv file or an excel file into a pandas dataframe and do work on it in Python. It is also very easy to take a Python data structure like a list of lists or a dictionary and turn it into a pandas dataframe.
Pictured below is an example of work that I did in pandas and a Python environment known as Jupyter Notebook to analyze a large dataset about the 116th Congress for my INST314 Final Project. The first picture shows a basic logical system to count how many representatives have offices in each Congressional office building. the second image is what a dataframe looks like when displayed visually in Jupyter Notebooks.


§560:7-206 Trust proceedings; initiation by notice; necessary parties. Proceedings under section 560:7-201 are initiated by filing a petition in the court and giving notice pursuant to section 560:1-401 to interested persons. The court may order notification of additional persons. A decree is valid as to all who are given notice of the proceeding though fewer than all interested persons are notified. [L 1976, c 200, pt of §1]
Rules of Court
Trust proceedings, see HPR rule 126.
Case Notes
Term "decree" includes the term "order"; section not mutually exclusive with §560:1-403; applicable to §560:1-106. 7 H. App. 640, 791 P.2d 398.


Image Filters
▼
GrayScale
Brighen
Darken
Blur Effect
Emboss
Sharpen
Import and Export
▼
Import Image
Export Image
Editing
▼
Crop Image
Flip Image
Transparent
Colorize


Installing Concerto requires some basic server administration experience. You'll need to have
installed and be familiar with the setup of:
-
A *nix OS
-
Ruby 1.9.x or better
-
A web server (such as Apache, nginx, etc)
-
A connector for serving Ruby on Rails applications such as Passenger (if the webserver
doesn't support Rails natively)
-
A relational database (MySQL, Postgresql, or even SQLite will do)


The dictionary has successfully been deployed to your Twilio account, let's see how it works.
Phone Number
This is the phone number that is configured in your Twilio account:
Services
Two new services has been created in your Twilio account:
- a Sync Service for persistent storage, the Serverless Dictionary
- a Functions Service for application logic serverless-twilio-dictionary
Usage
You can interact with the dictionary by sending SMS CRUD (create, read update and delete) commands to the phone number above using the following syntax:
[command] key [definition]
There are four commands (see list below). The command can be abbreviated so that only the first character is used.
If no command is sent omitted, the command
defaults to read
.
The key
is the dictionary entry and it must be provided with all dictionary interactions.
The definition
part is used when creating or updating the meaning of different words.
| Command | Abbreviation | Comment |
|---|---|---|
create |
c |
Creates a new entry in the dictionary |
read |
r |
Reads an entry from dictionary (default command) |
update |
u |
Updates a dictionary entry |
delete |
d |
Deletes a dictionary entry |
Examples
To the entry TLA
with the definition Three Letter Acronym
to the dictionary:
create TLA Three Letter Acronym
Read the value of the TLA
entry
r TLA
or just
TLA
since the command will default to read
if omitted.
Open Source
The source code of this project is available on GitHub and is free to use under the terms of the MIT license.


 I saw them as very specific applications that:
- Hide too much necessary detail from the developer and deny the level of control and understanding often required in anything other than toy systems development
- Encouraging sloppy programming practice because too much just happened under the hood
Recently however I have started using Eclipse for occasional work (I can use it for Java, C++ and Perl) and I have been working with a customer who uses Borland JBuilder. I can see some virtue in such tools, indeed for todays complex environments (i.e. .NET and J2EE) they would appaer to be essential. However pitfalls still lurk to trap the unwary. Here are my some observations:
- Development teams that use IDE's need a common
- IDE standard operating environment (SOE) that documents:
- Which IDE's will be supported
- How such tools will be set up in a consistent fashion. This
affects such things as
- Names and locations
- Hierarchy of settings (projects vs. user vs. installation)
- Project library management standards e.g.
- A consistent CLASSPATH in Java that is used by all developers
- Link edit options in other languages
- Software Configuration Management (SCM) approach
- Needs a common directory set and file naming
- Re-factoring needs to be addressed (how does one manage re-factoring in an environment with enforced changed control?)
- Should IDE specific files (e.g. project files) be placed under SCM control?
- Specific for Serena Dimensions configuration management tool
- One workset per IDE project
- IDE Project directory to included in workset directory structure
- A documented approach for the management of shared code and libraries across multiple projects. Who is responsible for
- Identifying change
- Implementing changes
- Accepting and migrating changes into projects
- Building software for test and release environments
- Software build must be done via a scripting process.
- Some IDE's support this (e.g. JBuilder uses the -build
switch).
- Others will required the creation of Ant, make scripts or the use of similar tools.
- Some IDE's will assist the in the generation of the make or Ant script
- Builds must be done on configuration managed environment, not on developers PCs.
Updated 4/Feb/07
Of course some of these issues need to be addressed even wothout and IDE. However in my experience and IDE makes a lot of assumptions and without making some explicit descisions it is easy to get caught.


Agency Details
Agency id
Agency fare url
Agency name
Agency phone
Agency short name
Agency timezone
Agency url
Agency Groups
Agency group id
Group name
Action
Zones
Zone id
Zone name
Action


[Erowid Note: 1250 mgs of Diphenhydramine is considered an extremely high dose, see Diphenhydramine Dose Chart]
I've struggled with depression for as long as I can remember. Because of the way I think about things, and feel about myself, I have a very addictive personality. When I find something that makes it difficult for me to think clearly, or just knocks me out for a couple of hours, I'll take it over and over again, in increasing doses, until it either makes me sick or has an effect I don't like.
I've abused Diphenhydramine since I was able to take medication on my own, without adult supervision. I've gotten a bit more self-control now, and only take about 125mg at a time, and not every day. At one point, I was taking about 250mg a day, every day, and sometimes more. I had to cut back down on it when I started having insomnia, and began fainting in odd places.
Usually, taking a little bit of it, and not being able to really dwell on the things that haunt me when I'm sober is enough for me. And sometimes, that's not the case.
In January of this year (2008), I was going through a very, very depressive period. Like I said previously, I've always struggled with depression, but this was an especially intense time for me. I thought daily (more like hourly) about killing myself. And one day, the thought came to me that I could just swallow all of the pills I was taking every day. Just take them all at once, and pass away into that tingly, mind numbing bliss I was so fond of. How wonderful would it be to just fall asleep and let all of my mental anguish fade away into nothingness?
I didn't plan on doing it. I hadn't thought about it for hours or anything, and then finally plucked up the courage. I literally came to the realization that that would be the best way to go, stood up, went into the bathroom, and swallowed every pill of Diphenhydramine that I had. The bottle was of 100 pills (25mg each), but I'd taken about half of them over the past couple of weeks (that's why my dosage is approximate... I didn't count them). Then I went and sat down in the living room, as if nothing had happened. Luckily for me, I wasn't home alone, and my eldest sister shares my mental state. She knew what I had done, without me saying a word, about five minutes after the fact. A few minutes later, we were in the car, on our way to the hospital.
I started feeling it much more quickly than I usually do. Usually, it takes about forty-five minutes to an hour for me to really feel that it's working, but that night, I started feeling it about twenty minutes in. By the time we reached the hospital, I felt like I couldn't breathe.  I tried counting the breaths to send that thought home, but even as I counted, it felt like my lungs were growing more and more heavy.
As the nurse was getting information from me for admittance, I found it increasingly harder to speak. At this point, I was terrified, because I could still think clearly. I felt like my mind was alive and screaming, while my body died all around me. By the time they had all of the information they needed, and had taken me to an ER exam room, I was beginning to slip in and out of consciousness, even with my sister smacking my hand and telling me to wake up. I managed to open my eyes every now and then, but what I saw didn't make sense. I thought I was at home, throwing my clothes into the garbage can. I thought I was on a television show. I thought that my sister was my mom (she died in 2002). And I kept moving my arms, even though I didn't feel them, or realize what I was doing. There was a nurse on either side of me, trying to put in an IV, and draw blood, and evidently it took them much longer than it should have, because of my erratic movements.
All at once, in my stupor, I was overwhelmed with nausea. The nurse/doctor brought me a bedpan, and after a lot of painful dry heaving, I threw up what I thought were little bugs in my delirium, but I later realized were remnants of the pills I'd swallowed. After that, I completely lost consciousness to myself. Supposedly, I woke up several more times, and talked to a few of the nurses, but I have no actual recollection of it. They put a catheter in me, and I had no idea until my sister told me about it, later on. The next thing I remember was waking up in a hospital bed the next morning, with my sister and a nurse who'd been instructed to stay with me.
I ended up being admitted into a psychiatric ward for a week, and almost losing my job during my absence.
In conclusion... don't do this. Seriously. It's a fun drug to take a little bit of, but in large doses it's completely terrifying. And that's coming from someone who thought she wanted to die! When that stuff kicked in, all I wanted was for it to be out of my system. I was so terrified of what had occurred that I wasn't able to take any more Diphenhydramine (even when I actually needed to, for allergies) for several months, afterward. I take it fairly regularly now, but never more that 125mg. I never want to experience anything like that ever again.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


When the boy is in the third grade or 9 (or as soon as he completes the Bobcat requirements if he joins at this age), he begins work toward the Bear rank. When he has completed 12 of the 24 achievements and has been awarded the badge, he may work on the 24 electives in the Bear Cub Scout Book to earn arrow points as he did for Wolf. These arrow points are worn below his Bear badge. In addition, he may earn elective credits by completing requirements for the 12 achievements not used to earn the Bear badge. All requirements for both the Bear achievements and electives are found in the Bear Cub Scout Book. As with the Wolf rank, completion of the requirements is approved by the boy’s parents.
To earn the Bear Badge, a Cub Scout must complete 12 achievements out of a possible 24 that are offered in the book. The achievements are grouped in 4 major areas, GOD, COUNTRY, FAMILY, and SELF. Within each group, a required number of achievements must be completed, as indicated below. Also, any achievements that they do NOT use to earn the Bear Badge may be used to earn Arrow Points. (source)


Please feel free look at my portfolio, and view some of my accomplishments. A great place to start is my Projects list


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block main %}
Captain Marvel gained the power of the photon energy she accidentally absorbed. As a result, she can fly.
viewDeadpool also possesses superhuman levels his strength, agility, and reflexes are also beyond the natural limits of the human body.
viewHe uses the gems to create the Infinity Gauntlet and erases half the living things in the universe to prove his love to Death.
viewPowers and Abilities: Master in the covert arts of espionage, infiltration. Expert martial artist, with exceptional agility & athletic ability.
viewA master marksman and longtime friend of Black Widow, Clint Barton serves as the Avengers' amazing archer. An expert marksman and fighter.
viewCaptain America has agility, strength, speed, endurance, and reaction time superior to any Olympic athlete.The Super-Soldier formula that he has metabolized all of his bodily functions.
viewGet your Comics, Movies & Games
Comic books have long been a part of our culture. These days, they power Hollywood’s summer blockbusters. But they existed long before then, and there’s a century worth of comic books to find, collect, and read.
Explore the characters and stories that shape Marvel TV!.
If not they are available on netflix
Plug into the pulse-pounding pursuits of Marvel Games! These games include browser games for both your computer and mobile devices, as well as apps for your Android and iOS phones and tablets.
We care about reliability. If you have any questions - do not hesitate to contact us.
Marvel becomes better every month. We love the project and enhance as much as possible.
Our society grows day by day. Visit our forum and check how it is to be a part of our family.
Marvel comes with lots compiled and ready to use accessories at an affordable price.


The large harbour simulator of MarineSafety Rotterdam consists of 360° visuals, 3D sound and a moving platform (the pilothouse) with two degrees of freedom. The computer system consists of 22 SGI Crimsons and a DEC Vax. MarineSafety International is a wholly-owned subsidiary of FlightSafety International, providing simulator training for ships deck officers and engineers, Marine pilots, and Naval officers. Other MSI centres are located in Kings Point, NY; Newport, RI; San Diego, CA & Valejo,CA.


THE HOLE (1998)
"We are grateful that we have the songs of Grace Chan to comfort us."
1.5 out of ****
Starring Lee Kang-Sheng, Yang Kuei-Mei Directed by Tsai Ming-Liang Written by Tsai and Yang Ping-Ying Cinematography by Liao Peng-Jung
Taiwan, 24/12/99. The millenium approaches. An incessant downpour batters an unnamed city. Sectors of the city are being sealed, quarantined due to the onset of a mysterious virus. The virus causes people to act like insects: they crawl about on all fours, hide from bright lights, huddle in damp corners. The water supply to the quarantined zones will be cut off in a week's time. Residents are advised to evacuate the area, ASAP.
This premise--Kafka by way of Cronenberg--is the background for THE HOLE, which could have been a great movie, but, sadly, ends up as a waste of good ideas. The quick sketch above suggests a dark, absurd, hallucinatory near-future parable of life in the late 20th century; in execution, however, it is nothing like that.
The virus, the evacuation, the visual possiblities of the deluge: these are all relegated to the background. Instead, THE HOLE focuses on the lives--for want of a better word--of a man (Lee Kang-Sheng) and a woman (Yang Kuei-Mei) who live in the same apartment building, and who have no personalities. The entire movie taks place in settings that are uniformly ugly and sterile: the charmless rooms and corridors of a post-industrial apartment complex, photographed to look as dim and dingy as possible. It's a vivid setting, but an unappealing one, especially with the monotonous hiss of falling rain and the gurgle of drainage pipes in the background.
The man lives in the apartment directly above the woman's. One day, a repairman investigating a leak leaves a small hole in the floor of the man's living room, opening into the ceiling of the woman's living room. This hole--symbol of the solitary opening in the character's lonely, compartmented lives--allows them to interact in unusual (and mostly non-verbal) ways.
Example: the man, suffering from the onset of the virus (or so I assume--everything is obscure in this movie) vomits through the hole. The woman, wandering around in the dark, accidentally puts her hand on his vomit, and then cleans it up. This is what passes for meaningful communication. And they say romance is dead.
Much of the film does not even focus on their interactions, such as they are. There is almost no dialogue and we learn next to nothing about these people. They are ciphers. Instead, we are treated to long takes in which we witness their miserable lives; we watch, for instance, as the woman boils some water, pours it onto some noodles, then eats the noodles. (This is as fascinating as it sounds.)
Offered as counterpoint--or perhaps relief--to these dreary sequences are a series of musical numbers, fantasies in which the woman lip-synchs to pop songs by Grace Chan (popular, so I'm told, in 1950s' China). She prances around in grimy hallways and grungy stairwells, incronguously lit by cheerfully bright spotlights. Sometimes, in these fantasies, she is joined by the man. These scenes are presumably intended to be bright and fanciful, sharply contrasting the dreariness of reality, but they fail. When the man and the woman dance, it seems half-hearted and listless. Astaire and Rogers this is not. Even in imagination, these people are numb, weary, boring.
THE HOLE is part of the 'Collection 2000' series, a group of films commissioned by French TV station La Sept ARTE on the subject of the millenium. Others include Canada's LAST NIGHT, Brazil's MIDNIGHT, and American Hal Hartley's THE BOOK OF LIFE. THE BOOK OF LIFE is the only other one that I have seen, and it is infinitely superior to the Taiwanese entry. Witty, energetic, humane, it makes the THE HOLE seem (ahem) empty.
American movies with nothing to say try to disguise their lack of content with flashy movements, quick cuts, superficial emotions. Foreign movies with nothing to say do what THE HOLE does: they point the camera at something of minimal interest for unbelievably long periods of time, and call it art. THE HOLE is self-evidently a film about alienation, and perhaps director Tsai Ming-Liang wants the audience to share in his characters' alienation. If so, he succeeds. Perhaps it is a challenge: he dares us to enjoy this movie, despite his best attempts to ensure that we don't. If it was a challenge, I wasn't up for it.
A Review by David Dalgleish (October 9th, 1998<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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To calculate the divergence of a vector, it is desired that the vector should be in the contravariant form because we can make use of the fact:
|
| (107) |
for any scalar quantities α and β. Therefore we write vector A as
|
| (108) |
where A(ψ) = A ⋅∇ψ, A(𝜃) = A ⋅∇𝜃, A(ζ) = A ⋅∇ζ. Then the divergence of A is readily calculated as
where the second equality is obtained by using Eqs. (103), (104), and (105).


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“The church was urged to develop ‘bird liturgies which energise the human spirit’ and recycling programs to tap into ‘the healing power of cardboard’.”
Melanie Phillips, The World Turned Upside Down (2010), citing The Greening Of The Church by Sean McDonagh (1990).


rotten > Library > Biographies > Presidents > Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan
Everybody knew he was a dumbass. Ronald Reagan was famous for not understanding how government works and not particularly caring about it. His job was to read speeches off the Teleprompter, shake hands with foreign dignitaries, pose for pictures, and maybe go out and visit a flag factory or a steel mill every once in a while. Otherwise he was busy sleeping in, eating jellybeans, and watching television.
Even so, Reagan got deferential treatment from the press, so the news coverage almost always cast him in the best possible light. He was extremely comfortable in front of the cameras, as you would expect -- after all, he had been a movie star prior to becoming a politician. And he could be disarmingly affable. He often shared jokes and anecdotes and brilliantly-scripted one-liners that sounded spontaneous. But none of that explains why the journalists decided to take it easy on him.
The reason Reagan got a free ride in the media stemmed from his fortuitously-timed assassination attempt.
The man had been President of the United States for just 69 days when he was shot by a lunatic trying to impress movie actress Jodie Foster. On March 30, 1981 one of John Hinckley's bullets ricocheted off the Presidential limousine and penetrated Reagan's chest just below the armpit. An agent of the Secret Service shoved him into the vehicle and it sped away from the scene. At first glance, the President appeared to be unhurt. He even turned to the agent and complained, "You sonofabitch, you broke my rib." Then they noticed the blood.
He was rushed to George Washington Hospital, where he underwent three hours of emergency surgery.  The head of the team, Dr. Joseph Giordano, was in fact a liberal Democrat. Nevertheless, he reassured the President by telling him, "We're all Republicans today." They extracted a .22 caliber slug from the President's wrinkly, 70-year-old left lung. Next, the doctors filled the damaged areas with patching compound, waited for it to dry, then sanded, primed, and slapped on two coats of high-gloss paint, tinted to match the coloration of healthy tissue. In no time at all, Reagan was on the mend.
Following Dr. Giordano's lead, the American people immediately rallied around their wounded leader. Reagan's popularity ratings suddenly went through the roof, inflated by public sympathy. The nation's news editors and publishers chose to play along, rather than risk appearing cold and heartless. This deference persisted throughout his Presidency.   Reagan received the nickname "The Teflon President" thanks to this phenomenon, the name being that of a nonstick coating applied to cookware.
After the shooting, First Lady Nancy heard from her part-time astrologer, Joan Quigley, that they could have and would have predicted that March 30 was destined to be a bad day for her husband... if only Quigley had been on the payroll. Rather than risk a similar incident happening, Nancy decided that it would be prudent to keep the astrologer in the loop. She ordered dedicated phone lines be installed at the White House and Camp David, just so she would never be without the wisdom of the Zodiac.
For the next eight years, Quigley determined the most opportune timing for all of the President's crucial activities. The First Lady would furnish Ronnie's tentative itinerary, which the astrologer would optimize and return. Then the White House staff would make the necessary adjustments. This tinkering affected the scheduling of press conferences, Air Force One departures, even the timing of international summits.
As former White House Chief of Staff Don Regan later wrote in his memoirs:
Although I had never met this seer -- Mrs. Reagan passed along her prognostications to me after conferring with her on the telephone -- she had become such a factor in my work, and in the highest affairs of the nation, that at one point I kept a color-coded calendar on my desk (numerals highlighted in green ink for "good" days, red for "bad" days, yellow for "iffy" days) as an aid to remembering when it was propitious to move the president of the United States from one place to another, or schedule him to speak in public, or commence negotiations with a foreign power.
Following the astrologer's instructions, the selection of Anthony Kennedy for the Supreme Court was announced to the press at precisely 11:32:25 A.M. According to Quigley's memoir, the President was cued by "a man with a stopwatch" to make sure he hit the exact moment. (She does not mention whether she gave similar assistance to the President's two previous selections to fill that seat, archconservative Robert Bork and former pot smoker Douglas Ginsburg, who both failed to gain Senate confirmation.)
Ronnie was himself a superstitious man. He always carried a lucky charm in his pocket. He knocked on wood, avoided walking under ladders, and made a habit of tossing salt over his left shoulder before each meal. So it shouldn't be surprising that the astrology stuff would appeal to him. Throughout the 1950s, Ron and Nancy sought out the services of Carroll Righter, astrologer to the stars. When Reagan won California's governor seat, he scheduled his inauguration for 12:10 A.M., on Righter's insistence. And in the 1960s, Ron had been consulting with psychic Jeane Dixon over whether to run for President someday.
Somehow, none of this ever seemed to bother the Christian right. Bear in mind that, to a fundamentalist Christian, astrology is practically witchcraft. It's divination, which is specifically prohibited by the Bible. So it's a little surprising that people like Jerry Falwell would be so happy to show his support. But despite Reagan's persistent and ongoing reliance upon the dark arts, they knew that he was their guy.
First and foremost, Reagan was a firm adherent to Biblical prophecy; specifically, he believed that the end of the world -- the Battle of Armageddon -- was close at hand. As you know, the fundamentalists just love that eschatalogical stuff.
While he was running for office in 1980, candidate Reagan announced during an interview with televangelist Jim Bakker that "We may be the generation that sees Armageddon." But that certainly wasn't the first time. At a 1971 banquet for California state senator James Mills, then-Governor Reagan broke it all down for the honoree during the dessert course:
|
|
"In the 38th chapter of Ezekiel, it says that the land of Israel will come under attack by the armies of the ungodly nations, and it says that Libya will be among them. Do you understand the significance of that? Libya has now gone Communist, and that's a sign that the day of Armageddon isn't far off.
"Biblical scholars have been saying for generations that Gog must be Russia. What other powerful nation is to the north of Israel? None. But it didn't seem to make sense before the Russian revolution, when Russia was a Christian country. Now it does, now that Russia has become communistic and atheistic, now that Russia has set itself against God. Now it fits the description of Gog perfectly.
"For the first time ever, everything is in place for the battle of Armageddon and the Second Coming of Christ. It can't be too long now. Ezekiel says that fire and brimstone will be rained upon the enemies of God's people. That must mean that they will be destroyed by nuclear weapons."
|
In an interview published in a December 1983 issue of People magazine, the most powerful man in the world revealed that:
"[T]heologians had been studying the ancient prophecies -- what would portend the coming of Armageddon-- and have said that never, in the time between the prophecies up untiI now, has there ever been a time in which so many of the prophecies are coming together. There have been times in the past when people thought the end of the world was coming, and so forth, but never anything like this."
During an October 1984 Presidential debate, the Commander-In-Chief was asked to clarify his position on the matter. Which he kind of dodged:
| REPORTER: |
Mr. President, I'd like to pick up this Armageddon theme. You've been quoted as saying that you do believe deep down that we are heading for some kind of Biblical Armageddon. Your Pentagon and your Secretary of Defense have plans for the United States to fight and prevail in a nuclear war. Do you feel that we are now heading, perhaps, for some kind of nuclear Armageddon? And do you feel that this country and the world could survive that kind of calamity? |
| PRESIDENT REAGAN: |
Mr. Kalb, I think what has been hailed as something I'm, supposedly, as President, discussing as principle is the result of just some philosophical discussions with people who are interested in the same things. And that is the prophecies down through the years, the Biblical prophecies of what would portend the coming of Armageddon and so forth. And the fact that a number of theologians for the last decade or more have believed that this was true, that the prophecies are coming together that portend that. But no one knows whether Armageddon -- those prophecies -- mean that Armageddon is a thousand years away or day after tomorrow. So I have never seriously warned and said we must plan according to Armageddon. |
But President Reagan did more than just talk the Talk. He was also an ardent supporter of school prayer and anti-abortion laws. He withheld funding from international contraception programs. Over complaints by the ACLU, he officially declared 1983 to be "The Year of the Bible." And he appointed likeminded Jesus freaks to his cabinet. During a 1981 Congressional hearing, Reagan's first Secretary of the Interior, James Watt, revealed the depth of his commitment to preserving America's environment for posterity:
"I do not know how many future generations we can count on before the Lord returns."
As a member of the cabinet, Watt represented the best and brightest that America had to offer. Reagan gave him and the other underlings wide latitude to make and implement policy. Fortune magazine ran an interview with the President in September 1986 wherein he described his theory of management:
"Surround yourself with the best people you can find, delegate authority, and don't interfere."
A few months later, the full implications of this hands-off managerial philosophy would be made clear when the Iran-Contra scandal broke.
Iran-Contra
Apparently, Reagan's National Security Council decided to launch an independent covert operation lacking any oversight from Congress, the courts, or even the President himself. It would be self-funding and, consequently, completely above the law. The operation was known internally as "The Enterprise" although it should have been called "The Private Enterprise" since its primary goal was to turn a profit.
As part of a secret deal to purchase the release of American hostages held in the Middle East, the White House agreed to sell arms to the government of Iran. But that was really just the catalyst for their real objective. The NSC sold Iran weapons, and then funneled some of the proceeds to the Contra insurgency in Nicaragua. This was a blatant and intentional violation of federal law.
It was also ripe for embezzlement. Nobody was doublechecking the books. How could they? The operation was more than secret; except for maybe a dozen people in the White House basement, it was absolutely nonexistent. No oversight whatsoever. So no wonder NSC buttboy Oliver North wound up with $200,000 in a Swiss bank account.
While all this was going on, Reagan pretended that there was nothing illegal going on. At one press conference, a journalist addressed the issue point-blank:
| REPORTER: |
Mr. President, why don't we openly support those 7,000 guerrillas that are in rebellion rather than giving aid through covert activity? |
| PRESIDENT REAGAN: |
Well, because we want to keep on obeying the laws of our country, which we are now obeying. |
| REPORTER: |
Doesn't the United States want that government replaced? |
| PRESIDENT REAGAN: |
No, because that would be a violation of the law. |
After the story broke, the President continued to deny everything. When he was finally forced to discuss the growing scandal in November 1986, Reagan declared:
"In spite of the wildly speculative and false stories of arms for hostages and alleged ransom payments, we did not -- repeat did not -- trade weapons or anything else for hostages; nor will we."
The following month, the White House was impatient about receiving a report on the arms-for-hostages deal by the Senate Intelligence Committee. Senator Leahy commented on the administration's insistent requests for the report:
"The President ordered this whole operation on Iran. He ordered his Administration not to tell the intelligence committees what he was doing. Now he wants the Intelligence Committee to tell him what his Administration was doing during the time they were under his orders not to tell the Intelligence Committee. Even Alice in Wonderland doesn't get this twisted around."
In his January 1987 testimony before the Tower Commission, President Reagan specifically acknowledged having approved the Iranian arms sales back in August 1985. Two weeks later he reversed himself, claiming that his prior statement was erroneous.
D'oh.
A couple of weeks later, Reagan sent a memo to the commission to clarify his testimony yet again. It stated that he had been mistaken during his January deposition, wherein he claimed to have approved the Iranian arms shipments:
The only honest answer is to state that try as I might, I cannot recall anything whatsoever about whether I approved an Israeli sale in advance or whether I approved replenishment of Israeli stocks around August of 1985. My answer therefore and the simple truth is, "I don't remember, period."
But all doubt seemed to have disappeared from his mind in March. Following the revelations of the Tower Commission investigation, Reagan told the American people that he had never approved any such thing.
"A few months ago I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages. My heart and my best intentions still tell me that's true, but the facts and the evidence tell me it is not."
Reagan also addressed the subject of his much-ballyhooed delegating technique (MBA students, take note):
"Much has been said about my management style, a style that's worked successfully for me during 8 years as Governor of California and for most of my Presidency. The way I work is to identify the problem, find the right individuals to do the job, and then let them go to it. I've found this invariably brings out the best in people. They seem to rise to their full capability, and in the long run you get more done. [...] When it came to managing the NSC staff, let's face it, my style didn't match its previous track record."
In another triumph of keeping the government small and nimble, the NSC evidently did not keep records of its meeting minutes. Reagan explained that this was a woeful oversight, and not a deliberate attempt to cover the tracks of an illegal operation:
"One thing still upsetting me, however, is that no one kept proper records of meetings or decisions. [...] Well, rest assured, there's plenty of recordkeeping now going on at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue."
Perhaps so, but that didn't mean those documents were being produced for lawful inquiries. Vice President George HW Bush began dictating a daily journal in 1986, which included many references to NSC operations. When Bush's documents were subpoenaed by Congress, he failed to mention the diary despite the fact that diaries were specifically included under the court order. And no wonder. When portions of it were finally produced, one entry from July 1987 seemed to explain Bush's reticence to comply with the mandate:
Howard Baker in the presence of the President, told me today that George Shultz had kept 700 pages of personal notes, dictated to his staff [...] Notes on personal meetings he had with the President. I found this almost inconceivable. Not only that he kept the notes, but that he'd turned them all over to Congress [...] I would never do it. I would never surrender such documents and I wouldn't keep such detailed notes.
George HW Bush personally attended many of the NSC meetings, and the President himself attended a few as well. But the apparent lack of documentation allowed Bush and Reagan to claim that neither man had been "in the loop" regarding the Boland amendment violations. It's funny how things like that always seem to work out.
When Reagan's VP became President, he pardoned six participants in the Iran-Contra scandal who were facing trial. Bush claimed that the prosecutions amounted to nothing more than the "criminalization of policy differences." 15 years later, his son George W Bush ordered the National Archives to withhold 68,000 pages of Reagan administration documents, including papers belonging to his father, who was then the VP. Nobody knows whether this paperwork includes anything germane to the Iran-Contra scandal. Perhaps we will never know.
As for himself, in all likelihood Ronald Reagan genuinely no longer remembers whether he approved the sale of arms to a terrorist nation, in order to illegally fund guerrilla forces in Nicaragua. He probably doesn't remember that he was ever Governor of California, or even President of the United States for that matter. In November 1994, Reagan announced to the world that he was suffering from Alzheimer's disease -- an incurable, progressive deterioration of mental faculties.
In August 2002, it was reported that Reagan no longer recognizes his own wife Nancy. According to an unnamed friend: "Some days he seems to recognize her as someone who's familiar, but most of the time she's just a blank to him."
Ronald Reagan's Presidential Pardons
| Albert Alkek |
Clemency for withholding information from federal officials regarding an oil price-fixing scheme. |
| Gilbert Dozier |
Commuted sentence for extortion and racketeering. |
| W. Mark Felt |
Clemency for authorizing FBI agents to break into Vietnam protestors' offices without warrants. |
| Junior Johnson |
Pardoned for liquor offences committed in the 1950s. |
| Edward Miller |
Clemency for authorizing FBI agents to break into Vietnam protestors' offices without warrants. |
| George Steinbrenner |
Clemency for making illegal contributions to Richard M. Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign. |
Timeline
| 6 Feb 1911 |
Ronald Reagan born, Tampico IL. |
| 1932 |
Graduates Eureka College. |
| 25 Jun 1940 |
Marries actress Jane Wyman two months after knocking her up. |
| 4 Jan 1941 |
Daughter Maureen Reagan born. |
| 18 Mar 1945 |
Son Michael Reagan born. |
| 9 Dec 1945 |
Ronald Reagan receives an honorable discharge from the U.S. Army. He had spent World War II in Hollywood, acting in military training films. |
| 1948 |
Divorces Jane Wyman. |
| 4 Mar 1952 |
Marries actress Nancy Davis. |
| 17 Jul 1955 |
Ronald Reagan cohosts live coast-to-coast television coverage of the opening day at Disneyland. |
| 20 May 1958 |
Son Ronald Jr. (Ronald Prescott) born. |
| 10 Oct 1965 |
California gubernatorial candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Fresno Bee as saying: "We should declare war on North Vietnam... It's silly talking about how many years we will have to spend in the jungles of Vietnam when we could pave the whole country and put parking strips on it, and be home by Christmas." |
| 20 Oct 1965 |
California gubernatorial candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Los Angeles Times as saying: "I favor the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and it must be enforced at the point of a bayonet, if necessary." |
| 17 Jun 1966 |
California gubernatorial candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Los Angeles Times as saying: "I would have voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964." |
| Nov 1966 |
Elected Governor of California, the first actor to hold that position. |
| 16 Oct 1967 |
Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Los Angeles Times as saying: "I have a feeling that we are doing better in the (Vietnam) war than the people have been told." |
| 15 May 1969 |
Regarding the ongoing student protests at UC Berkeley, California governor Ronald Reagan is quoted in the San Francisco Chronicle as saying: "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with." |
| 3 Oct 1972 |
"I am very proud to be called a pig. It stands for pride, integrity, and guts." Speech in Oroville, CA. |
| 17 May 1976 |
Ronald Reagan tells Time magazine: "Fascism was really the basis for the New Deal. It was Mussolini's success in Italy, with his government-directed economy, that led the early New Dealers to say 'But Mussolini keeps the trains running on time.'" |
| 1979 |
Ronald Reagan: "The American Petroleum Institute filed suit against the EPA [and] charged that the agency was suppressing a scientific study for fear it might be misinterpreted... The suppressed study reveals that 80 percent of air pollution comes not from chimneys and auto exhaust pipes, but from plants and trees." |
| 1980 |
During an interview with televangelist Jim Bakker on the PTL network, presidential candidate Ronald Reagan predicts that "We may be the generation that sees Armageddon." |
| 15 Feb 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Burlington Free Press as saying: "All the waste in a year from a nuclear power plant can be stored under a desk." The claim is provably false. |
| 14 Apr 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in Time magazine as saying: "History shows that when the taxes of a nation approach about 20 percent of the people's income, there begins to be a lack of respect for government... When it reaches 25 percent, there comes an increase in lawlessness." The claim is provably false. |
| 21 Apr 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in Newsweek magazine as saying: "Because Vietnam was not a declared war, the veterans are not even eligible for the G.I. Bill of Rights with respect to education or anything." The claim is provably false. |
| 10 May 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Chicago Tribune as saying: "Trains are not any more energy efficient than the average automobile, with both getting about 48 passenger miles to the gallon." The claim is provably false. |
| 10 Sep 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in Sierra magazine as saying: "Approximately 80% of our air pollution stems from hydrocarbons released by vegetation. So let's not go overboard in setting and enforcing tough emissions standards from man-made sources." The claim is provably false. |
| 9 Oct 1980 |
Ronald Reagan is quoted in the Los Angeles Times as saying: "Growing and decaying vegetation in this land are responsible for 93% of the oxides of nitrogen." The claim is provably false. |
| 20 Oct 1980 |
Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan is quoted in Time magazine as saying: "I have flown twice over Mount St. Helens. I'm not a scientist and I don't know the figures, but I have a suspicion that one little mountain out there, in these last several months, has probably released more sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere than has been released in the last ten years of automobile driving or things of that kind." The claim is provably false. |
| 24 Oct 1980 |
During a nationally-televised campaign speech, Presidential candidate Ronald Reagan declares: "Mr. Carter is acting as if he hasn't been in charge for the past three and a half years; as if someone else was responsible for the largest deficit in American history." (Carter's total deficit: $252 billion; Reagan's: $1.4 trillion) |
| 4 Nov 1980 |
Elected 40th President. |
| 6 Mar 1981 |
Ronald Reagan's second press conference held, in which names of reporters are drawn out of a jellybean jar. Those not chosen (including Associated Press and two of the Big Three TV networks) mostly boycott the conference in disgust. |
| 4 Feb 1981 |
Ronald Reagan: "I want you to know that it is not true that the Moral Majority has been trying to exert undue influence. That rumor started recently when Jerry Falwell called me with a suggestion for Ambassador to Iran: the publisher of Penthouse." |
| 30 Mar 1981 |
President Ronald Reagan shot by John W. Hinckley, Jr. Alexander Haig asserts that he is "in control here", forgetting momentarily about the Consititutional line of succession. The Academy Awards show is postponed one night out of respect for the former thespian and president of the Screen Actors Guild. |
| 27 May 1981 |
John W. Hinckley attempts suicide with a Tylenol overdose, fails. |
| 19 Oct 1981 |
Senator John Schmitz from California reveals during a television interview that, if President Reagan's policies fail, "the best we could probably hope for is a military coup, or something like that." He refines his statement somewhat by explaining that he's referring to "a good military coup, not a bad military coup." |
| 23 Nov 1981 |
After President Reagan vetoes an emergency spending bill which would have prevented a shutdown of the federal government, House Speaker Tip O'Neill tells a reporter: "He knows less about the budget than any president in my lifetime. He can't even carry on a conversation about the budget.  |
| May 1982 |
President Ronald Reagan declares: "In England, if a criminal carried a gun, even though he didn't use it, he was tried for first-degree murder and hung if he was found guilty." |
| 18 May 1982 |
Ronald Reagan has a small benign polyp removed from his colon. |
| 7 Jun 1982 |
President Ronald Reagan falls asleep during a meeting with Pope John Paul II. |
| 1983 |
President Ronald Reagan honors former CIA Director Richard Helms with the National Security Medal. Regarding his 1977 felony conviction for lying to Congress, Helms remarks: "I have no feelings about remorse or exoneration." |
| 7 Mar 1983 |
President Ronald Reagan tells a group of ultraconservatives that "this country is compelled by scripture and the Lord Jesus Christ to oppose Russia with all military and political means." |
| 21 Sep 1983 |
Ronald Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, James Watt, describes his staff's racial diversity to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce: "We have every mixture you can have. I have a black, a woman, two Jews and a cripple. And we have talent." Watt is forced to resign 18 days later over these comments. |
| 31 Jan 1984 |
President Ronald Reagan tells Good Morning America: "What we have found in this country, and maybe we're more aware of it now, is one problem that we've had, even in the best of times, and that is the people who are sleeping on the grates, the homeless who are homeless, you might say, by choice." |
| 6 Mar 1984 |
Former President Jimmy Carter observes: "President Reagan doesn't always check the facts before he makes statements, and the press accepts this as kind of amusing." |
| 30 Apr 1984 |
When a student at Shanghai's University of Fudan asks which life experiences best prepared him for being President of the United States, Ronald Reagan replies: "You'd be surprised how much being a good actor pays off." |
| 24 Jul 1984 |
Ronald Reagan's doctor reveals that the President has a small polyp in his large intestine. |
| 11 Aug 1984 |
Not realizing that his weekly radio address is already on the air, President Ronald Reagan quips into his live microphone: "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes." |
| 15 Oct 1984 |
During a campaign stop at a McDonald's restaurant in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, President Ronald Reagan asks an aide "What am I supposed to order?" |
| 6 Mar 1985 |
During a White House briefing on the MX missile, President Ronald Reagan opines: "Nuclear war would be the greatest tragedy, I think, ever experienced by mankind, in the history of mankind." |
| 8 Mar 1985 |
Another benign polyp is discovered in Ronald Reagan's colon. |
| 18 Apr 1985 |
"I think that there's nothing wrong with visiting that cemetery [Bitburg], where those young men are victims of Nazism also, even though they were fighting in the German uniform, drafted into service to carry out the hateful wishes of the Nazis. They were victims, just as surely as the victims in the concentration camps." |
| 19 Apr 1985 |
"I know all the bad things that happened in that war. I was in uniform four years myself." |
| 5 May 1985 |
After giving a speech at the Bergen-Belsen death camp, President Ronald Reagan accompanies German Chancellor Helmut Kohl to the Kolmeshöhe military cemetery in Bitburg, Germany. There Reagan lays a wreath in memory of the German war dead. In addition to roughly 2,000 German soldiers of both World Wars, 49 members of the Waffen SS are also buried there. |
| 23 May 1985 |
President Ronald Reagan personally honors an unlikely duo with the Presidential Medal of Freedom: Mother Teresa and Frank Sinatra. |
| 18 Jun 1985 |
President Ronald Reagan: "Americans will never make concessions to terrorists -- to do so would only invite more terrorism -- once we head down that path there would be no end to it, no end to the suffering of innocent people, no end to the bloody ransom all civilized people must pay." |
| 12 Jul 1985 |
Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to have a benign polyp removed from his colon. During that procedure, surgeons discover another one, which is also removed. It later turns out to have been cancerous. |
| 4 Dec 1985 |
Anticipating arms control discussions with his Soviet counterpart, President Reagan draws on an extraterrestrial analogy: "[H]ow easy his task and mine might be in these meetings that we held if suddenly there was a threat to this world from some other species from another planet outside in the universe. We'd forget all the little local differences that we have between our countries ..." |
| 17 Jan 1986 |
Three polyps are discovered in Ronald Reagan's colon. |
| 21 Mar 1986 |
In an interview with the New York Times, President Ronald Reagan repeats his long-debunked claim: "In England, if a criminal carried a gun, even though he didn't use it, he was tried for first-degree murder and hung if he was found guilty." |
| 20 Jun 1986 |
Surgeons remove two polyps from Ronald Reagan's large intestine. |
| 4 Jan 1987 |
Ronald Reagan is admitted to the hospital for prostate surgery and the removal of four polyps in his colon. |
| 17 Feb 1987 |
Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev reveals Reagan's preoccupation with space aliens: "At our meeting in Geneva, the U.S. President said that if the earth faced an invasion by extraterrestials, the United States and the Soviet Union would join forces to repel such an invasion. I shall not dispute the hypothesis, though I think it's early yet to worry about such an intrusion..." |
| May 1987 |
According to his authorized biography (published in 2000), Reagan wonders aloud about the AIDS pandemic: "Maybe the Lord brought down this plague... [because] illicit sex is against the Ten Commandments." [Dutch, p. 458] |
| 26 Jun 1987 |
Two polyps are excised from Ronald Reagan's colon. |
| 15 Sep 1987 |
During a luncheon with Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnatze in the White House, President Reagan once again wondered what would happen if the Earth were under attack from an external threat: "Don't you think the United States and the Soviet Union would be together?" |
| 4 May 1988 |
During a question-and-answer session in Chicago, President Reagan revisits his 'invaders from space' notion: "I've often wondered, what if all of us in the world discovered that we were threatened by an outer -- a power from outer space, from another planet. Wouldn't we all of a sudden find that we didn't have any differences between us at all, we were all human beings, citizens of the world, and wouldn't we come together to fight that particular threat?" |
| 9 Dec 1988 |
Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to extract a polyp from his large intestine. It is the 15th polyp removed from the President during his tenure. |
| 5 Nov 1994 |
Reagan announces he has Alzheimer's. The hacker group Cult of the Dead Cow promptly claims responsibility. |
| 5 Jun 2004 |
With his family by his side, former U.S. President Ronald Reagan dies from Alzheimer's disease and pneumonia complications at his home in Los Angeles, CA. His wife Nancy had recently observed: "Ronnie's long journey has finally taken him to a distant place where I can no longer reach him." |
Pornopolis |
Rotten |
Faces of Death |
Famous Nudes
|


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