- changeRerp(int) - Method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Updates the rotation interpolator at the given
index to rotate to the next digit for the dial
of the same index.
- checkCollision(PoolBall, PoolBall) - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Checks for a collision between the two balls
and calculates the collision if one has occured.
- checkPocketSink(int) - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Checks if a pool ball is within a pocket
and scores it if so.
- checkWallCollision(PoolBall) - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Checks if a pool ball is about to collide with
a wall and calculates the bounce.
- clr - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
Colour of the sphere for this ball
- colour - Variable in class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
Colour of this type of pool ball
- createAmbientLight() - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates an ambient white light of brightness 0.2.
- createAmbientLight(float) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates an ambient white light of the given brightness
- createAmbientLight(Color3f) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates an ambient light of massive boundary with the given colour
- createAppearance() - Static method in class objects.AxisFrame
-
Private static method for creating the appearance object for an axis frame
- createBallAppearance(Color3f) - Static method in class objects.PoolBall
-
private static method that creates an Appearance for this ball of the given colour.
- createBoard() - Method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Creates the the whole thing assigns the
references to the appropriate members.
- createBoard(float) - Static method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Creates the inner margin of the backboard
- createCircle(Point3d, float) - Method in class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- createContent() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Override this method with the method that creates the main content
BranchGroup and returns it.
- createContent() - Method in class main.SinglePlayer
-
- createContent() - Method in class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- createContent() - Method in class objects.PoolBallViewer
-
- createContent() - Method in class objects.PoolTableTester
-
- createContent() - Method in class objects.RoomLightingTester
-
- createContent() - Method in class objects.ScoreboardTester
-
- createDial(Color3f) - Static method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Creates a dial object for use in our score board.
- createGeometry() - Static method in class objects.AxisFrame
-
Private static method for creating the geometry of an axis frame
- createLeg(Vector3f) - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates a table leg at a given position
- createLegs() - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates all the table legs and returns them as a Group
- createMaterial(Color3f) - Static method in class appearances.MaterialFactory
-
Creates a plain material, semi-shiny, like acrylic.
- createPocket(Vector3f) - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates a pool table pocket at the given position
- createPocketCoords() - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Generates the coordinates for all the pockets
- createPockets() - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates all the pockets for the table
- createPointLight(Point3f) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates a new point light with the given paramaters.
- createPointLight(Point3f, Color3f) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates a new point light with the given paramaters.
- createPointLight(Point3f, Point3f) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates a new point light with the given paramaters.
- createPointLight(Point3f, Color3f, Point3f) - Static method in class lights.LightFactory
-
Creates a new point light with the given paramaters.
- createRectangle(Point3f, Point3f, Point3f, Point3f, Vector3f, String) - Static method in class objects.SimpleRoom
-
Private static method for creating a rectangle
- createRerp(TransformGroup) - Method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Creates a rotation interpolator with blank values
for the given transform group.
- createSide(Color3f) - Static method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Creates a rectangle of ratio 1:2 for making
the 10 sided polygon that is the dial.
- createSquare() - Method in class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- createTable() - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates the entire table.
- createText3D(String, Color3f) - Static method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Static method to create 3D text of the given text and colour.
- createTop() - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Creates the top board of the pool table
- CUE - Static variable in class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
Not worth any points when scored and coloured white
- curPoolBall - Static variable in class misc.SoundPlayer
-
Current sound clip to play next
- gcc - Variable in class main.SinglePlayer
-
- getCanvas() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Returns this view's canvas object
- getClip(String) - Static method in class misc.SoundPlayer
-
Private static method for creating a Clip object from an audio file name
- getColour() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the colour of this ball
- getCurrentAngle(RotationInterpolator) - Static method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Calculates the angle the given rotation interpolator
is currently at, based on it's alpha.
- getForward() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the forward direction of the camera
- getName() - Method in class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Returns the name of the texture image being used
- getPitch() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the current pitch rotation of the camera
- getPointValue() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the number of points this ball is worth
- getPos() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the current position of the camera
- getPos() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns a new vector of this pool ball's position,
and therefore the translation of this pool ball.
- getPosX() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the x position of this pool ball,
and therefore the x component translation of this pool ball.
- getPosZ() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the z position of this pool ball,
and therefore the z component translation of this pool ball.
- getPrevPosX() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the x position this
pool ball was previously at
- getPrevPosZ() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the z position this
pool ball was previously at
- getRight() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the rightwards direction of the camera
- getRotation() - Method in class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Gets the current image rotation being used
- getScale() - Method in class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Gets the current image scale being used
- getScreenHeight() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Returns the height of the screen,
in pixels.
- getScreenWidth() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Returns the width of the screen,
in pixels.
- getSpd() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the speed of this pool ball
- getSpd2() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the speed of this pool ball, squared
- getTG() - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Returns the transform group that stores all the pool balls.
- getUp() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the upwards direction of the camera
- getVelX() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the x velocity of this pool ball
- getVelZ() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Returns the z velocity of this pool ball
- getViewTransform(Transform3D) - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Sets the values of t to be of the Transform3D of the viewer
- getViewTransform() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Creates a Transform3D and returns it with the values
of the current view transform
- getViewTransformGroup() - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Shortcut function for getting the transformgroup of this viewing platform
- getYaw() - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Gets the current yaw rotation of the camera
- GREEN - Static variable in class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
There's one green ball worth 3 points
- GroundedCamController - Class in behaviours
-
Extends and overrides some
FreeCamController
methods
to make a camera that is grounded instead of free flying.
- GroundedCamController(BasicView) - Constructor for class behaviours.GroundedCamController
-
Default and only constructor.
- pbm - Variable in class main.SinglePlayer
-
- pbm - Variable in class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- PI_2 - Static variable in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
PI divided by two, save that math
- PI_2 - Static variable in class misc.MyMath
-
PI divided by 2, save that math
- PINK - Static variable in class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
There's one pink ball worth 6 points
- playPoolBallColl() - Static method in class misc.SoundPlayer
-
- pocketCoords - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
A list of 2D vectors as coords for all the pockets, origin is centre of table.
- pocketHeight - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
Height of the pockets, should be really thin
- pocketRadius - Static variable in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Radius of the corner pocket
- pocketRadius - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
Radius of any of the pockets
- pockets - Static variable in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
- pointValue - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
Number of points this ball is worth
- pointValue - Variable in class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
Number of points this type of pool ball is worth
- PoolBall - Class in objects
-
When constructed, returns a pool ball object.
- PoolBall(PoolBall.Type, double, double) - Constructor for class objects.PoolBall
-
Default and only constructor for a pool ball
- PoolBall.Type - Class in objects
-
Enum for every different type of Snooker ball
- PoolBallManager - Class in behaviours
-
Class for spawning, interacting, and colliding pool balls.
- PoolBallManager() - Constructor for class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
- poolballs - Variable in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Array of all 22 pool balls to iterate over.
Each ball should be at a certain index.
- poolBalls - Static variable in class misc.SoundPlayer
-
The pool ball clips to use
- PoolBallTest - Class in objects
-
- PoolBallTest() - Constructor for class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- PoolBallViewer - Class in objects
-
- PoolBallViewer() - Constructor for class objects.PoolBallViewer
-
- PoolTable - Class in objects
-
Contains a pool table object.
- PoolTable() - Constructor for class objects.PoolTable
-
Default constructor.
- PoolTable(Vector3f) - Constructor for class objects.PoolTable
-
Constructor with a position
- PoolTableTester - Class in objects
-
- PoolTableTester() - Constructor for class objects.PoolTableTester
-
- pos - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
Worldspace position of this ball
- prevPos - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
The position this pool ball was previously at, last frame
- processStimulus(Iterator<WakeupCriterion>) - Method in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
Checks key presses and updates the ViewTransform
- processStimulus(Iterator<WakeupCriterion>) - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
- sb - Variable in class main.SinglePlayer
-
- sb - Variable in class objects.ScoreboardTester
-
- scale - Variable in class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Scale of the texture image when applying it
- Scoreboard - Class in objects
-
A score board object to place in your scene
- Scoreboard(Vector3d) - Constructor for class objects.Scoreboard
-
Only constructor.
- ScoreboardTester - Class in objects
-
- ScoreboardTester() - Constructor for class objects.ScoreboardTester
-
- scoreP1() - Method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Scores a point for player 1.
- scoreP2() - Method in class objects.Scoreboard
-
Scores a point for player 2.
- screen - Variable in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Whenever we draw to the screen, this is what it draws to
Basically this contains a BUNCH of fancy rendering info and stuff
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class jframes.Window
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class jpanels.BasicView
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class main.SinglePlayer
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class objects.PoolBallTest
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class objects.PoolBallViewer
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class objects.PoolTableTester
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class objects.RoomLightingTester
-
- serialVersionUID - Static variable in class objects.ScoreboardTester
-
- setPos(double, double) - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Sets the position and therefore translation of this pool ball,
and updates the transform this pool ball belongs to.
- setVel(double, double) - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
- setViewTransform(Transform3D) - Method in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Sets the view transform of the SimpleUniverse to be t
- sideDif - Static variable in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
The distance between the centre of the side pocket and the side of the pool table
- SimpleRoom - Class in objects
-
This class contains four walls facing inwards,
a simple room, so to speak.
- SimpleRoom() - Constructor for class objects.SimpleRoom
-
Default constructor, creates a simple 2x1x2 room
- SimpleRoom(float) - Constructor for class objects.SimpleRoom
-
Full constructor.
- SinglePlayer - Class in main
-
- SinglePlayer() - Constructor for class main.SinglePlayer
-
- SoundPlayer - Class in misc
-
Class for playing certain sounds.
- SoundPlayer() - Constructor for class misc.SoundPlayer
-
- spdLimit - Static variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
A speed below this limit is considered neglibile and should be set to 0
- spdLimit2 - Static variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
- stop() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Sets this pool ball's velocity to
zero and sets inMotion to false.
- strikeCueBall(float, float) - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Starts moving the cue ball in the given direction at the given power.
- su - Variable in class jpanels.BasicView
-
Creates our ViewingPlatform and Viewer object
AKA creates our camera that we can look through
Believe it or not, it's simple.
- surfaceHeight - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
y-up value where the surface of the table is
- sw - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
Switch to allow the changing of the poolball shape
- swapShapes() - Method in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
Swaps the shapes of the pool balls to either a sphere or a cylinder
- swapShapes() - Method in class objects.PoolBall
-
Swaps the pool ball shape to either sphere or cylinder
- t - Variable in class objects.PoolBall
-
The transform that translates this ball to it's position
- tableDepth_2 - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
Half the thickness of the pool table top board
- tableLength_2 - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
Half the length of the pool table
- tableWidth_2 - Static variable in class objects.PoolTable
-
Half the width of the pool table
- targetT - Variable in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
The target Transform3D, should be the ViewTransform's transform
- targetTG - Variable in class behaviours.FreeCamController
-
The target TransformGroup, should be the ViewTransform
- texName - Variable in class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Name of the texture image used
- TexturedAppearance - Class in appearances
-
Subclass of appearance that is initialized with a texture
using the given image as the texture image.
- TexturedAppearance() - Constructor for class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Default constructor, uses the backup texture image
- TexturedAppearance(String) - Constructor for class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Overloaded constructor.
- TexturedAppearance(String, float) - Constructor for class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Overloaded constructor.
- TexturedAppearance(String, float, float) - Constructor for class appearances.TexturedAppearance
-
Full constructor.
- tg - Variable in class behaviours.PoolBallManager
-
The transform group that contains all the pool balls.
- transFromPos(Vector3f) - Static method in class objects.PoolTable
-
Converts a position vector to a transform with
that position as the translation for the transform.
- Type(int, Color3f) - Constructor for class objects.PoolBall.Type
-
Private constructor for initializing the enum


--- layout: default title: "Eigen." ---
Eigen is Machine Learning @ Berkeley's entry into the inaugural Alexa Prize Competition. The goal of the competition is to create a social bot that can maintain a coherent conversation with a human for 20 minutes. We're leveraging the latest results in NLP, machine learning, and deep learning to make this a reality. We're currently working on a demo so you can try it out for yourself. Email us to learn more.


Each Business has desired Outcomes.
An Architecture begins with a unique technology Choice from each of a set of Mutually Exclusive
Choices.
The Choices can be related to Capabilities that will result from the Choice.
The relationships are debatable and part of the Architecture.
The Capabalities which result will also conditionally relate with various Outcomes.
Measurements can be taken which provide supporting evidence for particular Outcomes and Capabilities.


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{%extends "base.html"%} {%block head%}
Depart: {{flight.depart}}
Arrive: {{flight.arrive}}
Time: {{flight.time}}
Status: On Time
View Boarding Pass


--- title: "COVID-19 the case of Qatar Blog-2" subtitle: "Focus on presenting graphs" author: "Panagiotis Stylianos" date: "04/09/2020" output: bookdown::html_document2: theme: journal ---
This is my second blog-post. In this repository you can find the contents of the blog-post, which can also be found at my website
Required Libraries
library(coronavirus)
library(tidyverse)
library(kableExtra)
library(gridExtra)
library(gt)
library(DT)
library(captioner)
library(ggthemes)
library(widgetframe)
library(patchwork)
library(viridis)
library(scales)
In this blog-post I will take a look at the spread of COVID-19 in Qatar. This post is part of an assignment for unit ETC5523 on track for the Master of Business Analytics from Monash University. The focus however this time is on creating informative visualizations. As I am writing this blog-post, I am on a flight from Greece to the Netherlands as I was one of the lucky few that managed to “escape” Melbourne before the lockdown. However, although I am able to fly again since at the time the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe doesn’t raise concerns for a second lockdown, this comes with a disadvantage for my blog-post. The reason, is that while on the flight I am not able to download any new packages from CRAN or extend my datasets with new ones. As so, and in combination with the deadline for the assignment approaching soon, limited to my pre-existing downloaded libraries and datasets. Consequently, will keep the data and manipulations from the previous blog-post, but this time twick my figures from blog-post 1, to see how I can improve them based on the material of the weekly lecture. Specifically, I will keep the figures from the previous blog-post, but this time also display their upgraded version.
The data story and manipulation remains the same, so I will hide all code regarding data wrangling and keep only the code that produces the relative figures.
Although, this blog-post might not provide any additional insight on the spread of COVID-19 in Qatar, it will serve as a reminder for those that plan to catch a flight after the end of the lockdown, that in most planes there is not Wi-Fi on board, don’t let the absence of travelling by plane this year influence with your work/assignments.
Jokes aside, let’s start plotting.
Custom Theme
Toward upgrading my visualization skills, I will create my personal theme to style my figures.
my_theme <- function() {
theme_minimal() +
theme(
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 11),
plot.title.position = "plot", # aligns the figure title, at the beginning of the figure
plot.title = element_text(colour = "black", face = "bold", size = 13),
plot.caption = element_text(colour = "honeydew4", face = "italic", size = 12),
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "bisque"),
legend.background = element_rect(fill = "honeydew"),
panel.background = element_rect(fill = "azure1"),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 10, colour = "black"),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.ticks.length.y = unit(0.5, "lines"),
legend.key.size = unit(0.7, "cm"),
legend.margin = margin(20, 2, 20, 2, "pt"),
title = element_text(size=12),
text = element_text(family = "Times", size = 12),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 15, face = "bold", colour = "mediumpurple2"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold", colour = "mediumpurple2"),
axis.text.x = element_text(size = 12),
axis.line.x = element_line(color = "black",
size = 1.3,
arrow = grid::arrow(type = "closed",
length = unit(x = c(4, 30), units = "mm"))),
axis.ticks = element_line(color = "black", size = 1.1),
axis.ticks.length = unit(2, "mm"),
legend.title = element_text(size = 12,
color = "black")
)
}
Visualizations
These were the original figure from blog-post1
p1 <- qatar %>%
filter(type %in% c("confirmed", "recovered")) %>%
ggplot(aes(date, cases, fill = type)) +
geom_col() +
scale_fill_economist() +
scale_color_economist() +
theme_economist(horizontal = TRUE, base_family = "Verdana") +
xlab("Date") +
ylab("Cases") +
labs(
title = "Cases over time by category",
caption = "Data from coronavirus package"
)
p2 <- qatar %>%
filter(type %in% c("confirmed", "recovered")) %>%
ggplot(aes(date, log(cases), color = type)) +
geom_line() +
theme_economist(horizontal = TRUE, base_family = "Verdana") +
scale_fill_economist() +
scale_color_economist() +
ggtitle("Cases over time in logarithmic scale") +
xlab("Date") +
ylab("Cases") +
theme(legend.position = "right", title = element_text(size=12),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16, angle = 0, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16, angle = 90, face = "bold"))
grid.arrange(p1, p2)
I mainly used the economist theme, but there are a lot of things that require improvement.
Let’s upgrade them.
p1_new <- qatar %>%
filter(type %in% c("confirmed", "recovered")) %>%
ggplot(aes(date, cases, fill = type)) +
geom_col(width = 1) +
my_theme() +
theme(
legend.position = c(0.105, 0.21)) +
scale_fill_viridis("Type", discrete = TRUE,
labels = c("Confirmed Cases",
"Recovered Cases"), alpha = 0.8,
begin = c(0.3)
) +
scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%B"), breaks='1 month', position = "top") +
labs(
title = "The peak is over",
subtitle = "Total cases per day in Qatar",
caption = "Data from the coronavirus package"
) +
xlab("Month") +
ylab("Number of Cases")
p1_new
Much better!!
Let’s improve the second plot.
p2_new <- qatar %>%
filter(type %in% c("confirmed", "recovered")) %>%
ggplot(aes(date, log(cases), color = type, linetype = type)) +
geom_line(size = 1.5) +
my_theme() +
scale_color_viridis("Type", discrete = TRUE,
labels = c("Confirmed Cases",
"Recovered Cases"),
begin = c(0.3)
) +
scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%B"), breaks='1 month', position = "top") +
scale_linetype_manual(values=c("twodash", "solid")) +
labs(
title = "Flattening the curve",
subtitle = "Growth of cases per day in Qatar in logarithmic scale",
caption = "Data from the coronavirus package"
) +
xlab("Month") +
ylab("Growth oh cases") +
guides(linetype = FALSE) +
theme(
legend.position = c(0.897, 0.21),
)
p2_new
This is the original plot visualizing the cumulative case. Let’s enhance it.
cumul_qatar_long <- cumul_qatar %>%
pivot_longer(cols = contains("cum"),
names_to = "type",
values_to = "cumulative")
cumul_qatar_long %>%
ggplot(aes(date, log10(cumulative), color = type)) +
geom_line() +
theme_economist(horizontal = TRUE, base_family = "Verdana") +
scale_fill_economist() +
scale_color_economist() +
ggtitle("Cumulative Cases over time") +
xlab("Date") +
ylab("Cases") +
theme(legend.position = "right", title = element_text(size=12),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16, angle = 0, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16, angle = 90, face = "bold"))
cumul_qatar_long %>%
ggplot(aes(date, log10(cumulative), color = type, linetype = type)) +
geom_line(size = 1.5) +
my_theme() +
theme(legend.position = c(0.101, 0.25)) +
scale_color_viridis("Type", discrete = TRUE,
labels = c("Confirmed Cases",
"Total Deaths",
"Recovered Cases"
),
begin = c(0.3)
) +
scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%B"), breaks='1 month', position = "top") +
scale_linetype_manual(values=c("twodash", "solid", "dotted")) +
labs(
title = "Signs of decrease in new cases",
subtitle = "Cumulative Cases over time",
caption = "Data from the coronavirus package"
) +
xlab("Month") +
ylab("Cummulative growth of cases(log10)") +
guides(linetype = FALSE)
This figure was used to explore the distribution of the confirmed cases for each month.
box <- qatar_monthly %>%
filter(type == "confirmed",
month %in% c("April","May","June","July")) %>%
ggplot(aes(month, cases)) +
geom_boxplot(aes(fill = month)) +
theme_economist(horizontal = TRUE, base_family = "Verdana") +
scale_fill_economist() +
scale_color_economist() +
ggtitle("Monthly Box-plots") +
xlab("Month") +
ylab("Cases") +
theme(legend.position = "right", title = element_text(size=12),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 16, angle = 0, face = "bold"),
axis.title.y = element_text(size = 16, angle = 90, face = "bold"))
box
new_box <- qatar_monthly %>%
filter(type == "confirmed",
month %in% c("April","May","June","July")) %>%
ggplot(aes(month, cases)) +
geom_violin(aes(fill = month)) +
geom_jitter(aes(color = month), alpha = 0.4) +
my_theme() +
scale_fill_viridis(discrete = TRUE, begin = c(0.3)) +
scale_color_viridis(discrete = TRUE, begin = c(0.3)) +
labs(
title = "Monthly Distribution of new cases",
subtitle = "Violin plots show the probability density of the data",
caption = "Data from the coronavirus package"
) +
xlab("Month") +
ylab("Number of new cases") +
guides(linetype = FALSE)
new_box
Let’s put the last two plots side-by-side to see the difference between the grid.arrange() function from the gridExtra package and the patchwork package.
box + new_box + plot_layout()


--- tags: - energy author: display_name: JP email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>date: 2011-11-18 15:46:14 -0700 categories: [] Coal: downloads: - url: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByStJjVZ7c7mLXFFdGZwc2JtaGc label: Coal Deposits updates: - 1988 --- {% include abstract.html name="Coal Deposits" abstract="This dataset represents areas of coal deposits in Utah." %}
There are no constraints or warranties with regard to the use of this dataset.
{% include contact.html subject=page.title contact=site.data.contacts.agrc %}


--- layout: normal-page title: "barriere" permalink: /info/barriere custom_js: - https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- /assets/js/barriere.js ---


I am experienced in leveraging agile frameworks to provide a robust synopsis for high level overviews. Iterative approaches to corporate strategy foster collaborative thinking to further the overall value proposition.
GPA: 4.15 / 4.5 (has been placed on the Dean’s List)
Head of HAFS Cheerleading team


Kupang is a busy port situated at the western end of the island of Timor.
Position 10°10’S, 123°34’E.
This is an official Port of Entry.
NEW Indonesian CIQP procedures came into effect from the 27th February, 2016.
A CAIT, Green Book/Sailing Permit and use of an Agent to obtain clearance papers are no longer required. See Noonsite Indonesia Formalities for full details.
The authorities to visit are first Immigration (Imigrasi), Quarantine (Kesehatan Pelabuhan), Customs (Bea Cukai) and finally Harbour Master (Syahbandar). Be sure to have plenty of copies of all your documents. A receipt will be give for any charges requested.
Last updated July 2016.
Kupang (photo from Nicholas Remy)
This anchorage is exposed to the NW and a lee shore in most conditions. Conditions can get boisterous in the afternoon when the northerly breeze sweeps down the anchorage, quite strong at times, raising a nasty wind chop. Skippers should be diligent and keep an anchor watch on board, in particular in the afternoons, for any dragging or neighbouring yachts doing the same.
Fortunately this weather is rare for July when most yachts visit.
From the east or west, approach the given longitude [ E 123 deg 34.83 min ] visually during daylight or in depth >20m at night (watch for local anchored vessels probably unlit) and close to the desired anchoring depth directly OFF the prominent red/white telecom mast behind the buildings lining the beach.
There is about 50 feet of water and the holding ground is good.
The latest report on the anchorage off the area known as “Teddy’s Bar” (some distance to the west of the waypoint given) is that the holding is good in 6m in mud and sand. It is popular with yachts due to its convenience to town.
The anchorage just outside the creek is also good holding in 6m, sand and mud (apparently where Captain Bligh anchored!). The area due west of this is not so good, mainly coral rubble.
When going ashore take care of local fishing boats that are anchored fore and aft to the beach (where Bligh stepped ashore in 1789). These boats are unlit at night. The surge can be quite strong so quick action on the beach may be required. There's a new Teddy's bar hard by the beach which makes things a little easier. Napa can arrange for someone to watch the dinghy or to take you ashore. Latest report from a cruiser is that a dinghy is quite safe left on the beach here.
Last updated July 2016.


{% with ead.file_desc.publication as publication %}
{{ publication.publisher }}
{% for line in publication.address.lines %}
{{ line }}
{% endfor %}
{% endwith %}
{% include "fa/snippets/digital-content.html" %}
{% include "fa/snippets/stored-offsite.html" %}
{% include "fa/snippets/description.html" %}
{# NOTE: contol access section is not included in the PDF #}
{# container list or series/subseries listing #}
{% if ead.dsc.hasSeries %} {# list series/subseries here, display on separate page #}
{% endwith %}
{% endif %}
{% if ead.dsc.hasSeries %}
{% for c01_series in ead.dsc.c %}
{% with c01_series as series %}
{% include "fa/snippets/series.html" %}
{% endwith %}
{# container list is handled in series template; display subseries, if any #}
{% if c01_series.hasSubseries %}
{% for c02_series in c01_series.c %}
{% with c02_series as series %}
{% include "fa/snippets/series.html" %}
{% endwith %}
{% if c02_series.hasSubseries %}
{% for c03_series in c02_series.c %}
{% with c03_series as series %}
{% include "fa/snippets/series.html" %}
{% endwith %}
{% endfor %} {# end looping through c03s #}
{% endif %} {# c02 has subseries #}
{% endfor %} {# end looping through c02s #}
{% endif %} {# c01 has subseries #}
{% endfor %} {# end looping through c01s #}
{% else %} {# simple finding aid - no series at all, just a container list #}
{% include "fa/snippets/containerlist.html" %}
{% endif %}
{% for index in ead.archdesc.index %}
{% include "fa/snippets/indexentry.html" %}
{% endfor %}
{# end div.fa #}
{# header and footer contents #}
{# #}


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Student name: {{appointment.name}}
Time: {{appointment.date_time}}
Reason: {{appointment.reason}}


Don't click in this area.
Click me and I'll change my color.
Don't click in this area.
Click me and I'll change my color.


IOI Final Stage
I.O.I. is recently gaining fans for their talents and personalities. But as soon as they finally have established a reputation in the entertainment industry, I.O.I. had to bid farewell as the date of their disbandment approaches. I.O.I. performed “Very Very Very” on their final stage as group on KBS Music Bank on Nov. 4.
IOIEXO-CBX Hey!Mama!
EXO-CBX -- composed of Chen, Baekhyun, and Xiumin -- released a mini album on midnight of Monday, Oct. 31 with the title track, "Hey Mama!," as reported by All Kpop. The trio's "Hey Mama!" music video is also gathering a lot of hits -- as of this writing the video is close to four million views on YouTube, less than 24 hours before it was released. The album has a total of five songs which include a combination of pop, disco and funk genres. Other tracks in the album include "The One," "Rhythm After Summer," "Juliet" and "Cherish." The unit is scheduled to have their debut stages on Nov. 3 on "M! Countdown," Nov. 4 on "Music Bank," Nov. 5 on "Show! Music Core" and Nov. 6 on "Inkigayo."
CBX EXOVIXX Comeback Stage
VIXX expresses their confidence in their ideas for comeback concepts. On October 31 at the Yes24 Live Hall in Seoul, the boy group held a showcase event for their third mini-album “Kratos.” While discussing their next concept during the showcase, N shares, “We even talked about doing a Tarzan concept. Concepts really come to us without [much effort]. They also come to us while reading comics or watching movies. That’s why we never feel like we’ve run out of ideas.”
VIXXApinkThe 3rd Album
Previously on 'Yoo Hee Yeol's Sketchbook', the girls revealed that they came to tears when they first heard their title song for new album 'Pink Revolution'. A Pink elaborated on this moment, explaining, "It was weird feelings. We cried because we were happy and joyful but I think the feelings that piled up while preparing for it just burst out. We worried a lot about when our comeback will be, and how we can remain in our position with what types of music."
Apink2PM LeaderFirst Solo
On Aug. 8, Monday, Jun. K held a press showcase for his first solo mini-album, titled "Mr. No Love." In the midst of the event, which was simultaneously aired on Naver's V app, the 28-year-old singer-songwriter shared some exciting details about 2PM's comeback.
2PM SoloLatest News
- IOI final stage
- Mama 2016
- Pink Revolution
- Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet
- Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
- Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel
- Aenean sit amet erat nunc
- Eget porttitor lorem


Program Isogons
With this program Isogons (Ramsay, 1967, S. 365) can be drawn in a fold profile. A picture of the fold profile must exist as *.bmp or *.jpg file, or the picture is saved on the clipboard.
The graphic can be saved and/or printed at any time.


d
| Peach |
Coral |
Mauve |
Baby |
| Magenta |
Cherry |
Carrot |
Tangerine |
| Laurel |
Sage |
Prussian |
Slate |
| Maya |
Sky |
Periwinkle |
Cool |
Play Music
Nature
Color
"Smile, breathe, and go slowly." -Thich Nhat Hanh
“You don’t have to control your thoughts.
You just have to stop letting them control you.” Dan Millman
"You are more than the mistakes you've made." Karen Salmansohn
"Anxiety’s like a rocking chair. It gives you something to do,
but it doesn’t get you very far." -Jodi Picoult
Today I will not stress over things I can’t control.
When thinking about life, remember this: No amount
of guilt can solve the past, and no amount of anxiety can change the future.
Too many of us are not living our dreams because we are living our fears.
 And you are amazing for trying and holding on no matter how hard life gets.
You're not going to master the rest of your life in one day just relax.
Master the day. Then just keep doing that every day.
When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change.
Let whatever you do today be enough.
I will breathe. Worry will not control me. Stress will not break me.
No amount of anxiety makes any difference to anything that is going to happen.


Jyotsana Maharjan
MOb:+(977)-9813334208 Kirtipur,Kathmandu
PERSONAL PROFILE
A young, determined hard and smart working person. I believe in task based roles and complete ownership of work.
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
2016-Present: BSc.(Hons) Computing
The British College,Thapathali-Kathmandu
2014-2016: Alevels |Trinity International College
Dillibazar-Kathmandu
2009-2014: Secondary level
Gyanodaya Bal Batika, Sanepa-Lalitpur
TECHNICAL SKILLS
- C-Programming
- C++
- Java Programming
- Html
- Java Script
- Photoshop and Illustrator
- System analysis and Design
PERSONAL QUALITIES
- Languages Known:English, Hindi, Nepali
- Highly motivated and organised.
- Able to explain technical data to non technical colleagues.
- Have good technical and analytic skills.
- Ability to ensured projects run to schedule and budget.
- Experience of training and mentoring junior and new staff.


WARNING: This is just a sample (of REST method calling without active session using OKSDK).
In real game, storing application secret key inside your JS client app is prohibited due to
easy way to steal it and use for spamming purposes. Such methods should only be called from
game server instead.
Posts a simple "hello world!" notification


couchex v0.8.1 Couchex.MIME
Maps MIME types to file extensions and vice versa.
Summary
Functions
Returns the extensions associated with a given MIME type
Guesses the MIME type based on the path’s extension. See type/1
Returns the MIME type associated with a file extension. If no MIME type is
known for file_extension
, "application/octet-stream"
is returned
Returns whether a MIME type is registered
Functions
Returns the extensions associated with a given MIME type.
Examples
iex> Couchex.MIME.extensions("text/html")
["html", "htm"]
iex> Couchex.MIME.extensions("application/json")
["json"]
iex> Couchex.MIME.extensions("foo/bar")
[]
Guesses the MIME type based on the path’s extension. See type/1
.
Examples
iex> Couchex.MIME.path("index.html")
"text/html"
Returns the MIME type associated with a file extension. If no MIME type is
known for file_extension
, "application/octet-stream"
is returned.
Examples
iex> Couchex.MIME.type("txt")
"text/plain"
iex> Couchex.MIME.type("foobarbaz")
"application/octet-stream"


HOME
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{{ titleangton }}
{{ descriptionangton }}
VISUAL DESIGN
{{ designangton }}
THE FINAL PRODUCT


| Number of Classes | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Test Strength | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 99% | 44% | 58% | 95%
Killed: 55
Uncertain: 0
|
| Name | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Test Strength | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DefaultMessagingConfigurer.java | 100% |
33% |
42% |
90%
Killed: 19
Uncertain: 0
|
| MessagingConfigurerAdapter.java | 100% |
52% |
65% |
80%
Killed: 4
Uncertain: 0
|
| SendMessageRetryablePredicates.java | 89% |
51% |
69% |
100%
Killed: 32
Uncertain: 0
|


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Where to find the hidden N in Fortnite
by Harry ShepherdWhere is the hidden N in Fortnite? The Lowdown week 5 challenges are here in Epic Games' battle to the death, and I'm here to help you tick them off so you can progress your Fortnite Chapter 2 battle pass and bag yourself as many skins and cosmetics as possible.
As you'll know if you've completed any of the other hidden letter tasks, you'll need to complete eight of your weekly challenges before you unlock the loading screen that makes the new letter available in the game. Once you've done that you can head to the map's southwest to one of the Fortnite EGO outposts that house the next piece of the puzzle—visiting five of those is one of your other challenges. So, here's where to search the hidden N in Fortnite.
Fortnite hidden N location
In the loading screen you unlock after finishing eight The Lowdown objectives, you can see a collection of characters stood in an aircraft hangar. More importantly, though, the elusive N you're looking for is hanging out in the top-left corner of the image. As I've already mentioned, this scene takes place in one of the new E.G.O. facilities that cropped up as part of the launch of Chapter 2—I've indicated its location on the map above.
As you descend from the Battle Bus, look out for a green domed building with large spotlights nearby. Head inside, weave between gun shots like a colourful Neo, and look out for the stairs at the back. Climb those and you should see the hidden N in Fortnite jump out at you. Hit E to search it, and you're all done.
 I'm completely stumped, so I'll just have to wait and see what the solution is in the coming weeks.


Iridium
Element Name:
Iridium
Latin Name:
Iridium
Atomic Number:
75
Atomic Weight:
192.217 u
Is a:
Transition-Metal
State of the element:
Solid
About:
Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is the second-densest metal (after osmium) with a density of 22.56 g/cm3 as defined by experimental X-ray crystallography. At room temperature and standard atmospheric pressure, iridium has a calculated density 0.04 g/cm3 higher than osmium measured the same way. It is the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.
Electrons
77
Protons
77
Neutrons
115
Discoverer:
Smithson Tennant
Discovered in:
1804


Swift Lucid:
There is a debian package repository for Lucid at http://crashsite.github.com/swift_debian/lucid/ so you can easily install Swift on Lucid by:
Create /etc/apt/sources.list.d/swift.list:
deb http://crashsite.github.com/swift_debian/lucid lucid
main
Then:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ...
The following packages are provided:
There are also older package repositories if you'd like to reference a specific release's collection of packages that will only change for security patches.


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TOME THUMB
Fife gran who lost limbs, job and even boyfriend after sepsis wrote autobiography with thumbs
by Ruth WarraderA SEPSIS amputee has finished her autobiography after typing 80,000 words using her stump thumb.

The brave Fife gran also lost both legs to the deadly infection sparked by a paper cut.
She is now searching for a publisher so she can share her survival story Sepsis: Raw and Real with the world.
Margeurite, of Crosshill, said: “I had to be brutally honest with myself and at times I had to stop because looking back was too upsetting and painful.
“I’ve been through so much and found myself fighting to be the person I was, instead of coming to terms who I am today.
I know there are people who will want to read what I’ve been through.
“I may have lost parts of my body, my job and even my boyfriend but the experience brought me so much closer to my family.”
We told how the seamstress spent a week in an induced coma having almost died from the poisoned finger in February 2018.
Surgeons removed her limbs amid fears of a relapse.


--- layout: blog title: index permalink: / ---
I am a Python engineer with website development, automation Ops and writing scripts experience. Life is a continuous learning process, so work makes me more rigorous, travel makes my life more colorful. I can make lots of friends when I coding and travel.
In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
In Netease game, I learned game service system and use Python code for ops.
Jun. 2015HTML5
Python
Javascript
C#
Linux/Shell
Java
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© {{ 'now' | date: "%Y" }} {{ site.title }}


Kottayam is one of fourteen districts in the state of Kerala, India. Kottayam district comprises six municipal towns: Kottayam, Changanassery, Pala, Erattupetta, Ettumanoor, and Vaikom. It is the only district in Kerala that does not border the Arabian Sea or any other states.
The city is known for its trade in natural rubber, and the national Rubber Board is headquartered in the city, as is the Plantation Corporation of Kerala. Kottayam Port is India's first multi-modal inland container depot. The headquarters of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, called the Catholicate Aramana (Catholicate palace), is situated at nearby Devalokam
A fascinating cave carved out of rock surface is Kottathavalam lying on the top of a Murugan Hills at Kurisumala. The cave is considered to be the resting place for Madura Royal family.
After all the blessings from temples, it is time for some adventure. Nadukani is one such place nestled amid the wilderness of nature and densely wooded hills offering its visitors a beautiful trail for trekking.
Located at a height of 6000 ft above the sea level in the Western Ghats of Kottayam, Kerala, Illikkal Kallu is a major tourist attraction and one of the most pristine spots in all of India. Situated in Moonnilavu Village, Meenachil taluk, the nearest city to the summit is Teekoy.


UWO Schedule Manager respects the intellectual property rights of others. Per the DMCA, UWO Schedule Manager will respond expeditiously to claims of copyright infringement on the Site if submitted to UWO Schedule Manager's Copyright Agent as described below. Upon receipt of a notice alleging copyright infringement, UWO Schedule Manager will take whatever action it deems appropriate within its sole discretion, including removal of the allegedly infringing materials and termination of access for repeat infringers of copyright protected content.
If you believe that your intellectual property rights have been violated by UWO Schedule Manager or by a third party who has uploaded materials to our website, please provide the following information to the designated Copyright Agent listed below:
UWO Schedule Manager may request additional information before removing any allegedly infringing material. In the event UWO Schedule Manager removes the allegedly infringing materials, UWO Schedule Manager will immediately notify the person responsible for posting such materials that UWO Schedule Manager removed or disabled access to the materials. UWO Schedule Manager may also provide the responsible person with your email address so that the person may respond to your allegations. Pursuant to 17 U.S.C. 512(c). UWO Schedule Manager designated copyright agent is :


Denver to pay United Airlines pilot $300G after wrongful arrest on indecent exposure charge
by Bradford BetzThe city of Denver has agreed to pay $300,000 to a United Airlines pilot who was arrested last year on an indecent exposure charge that a judge later dismissed.
Andrew Collins' attorney, Craig Silverman, announced the settlement on Monday, according to Denver’s KMGH-TV.
Collins was arrested in September 2018 after being accused of standing naked in front of his 10th-floor hotel window overlooking the Denver International Airport terminal. He pleaded not guilty.
A judge dismissed the misdemeanor charge in March, but the incident led to a six-month suspension from United Airlines for Collins, from Leesburg, Va.
Silverman has said that Collins didn't know that people could see him when he partially opened the curtains of his hotel room.
Despite returning to his job, Collins told Fox 31 he is still dealing with the consequences of the charges.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
“I have to explain this situation every day without fail,” Collins said.


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Candy's Classic Candy Emporium
Established in 1992.
Stocks classic candies such as Red Hots, Necco Wafers, and candy buttons.
If we don't have it, we'll find it for you!
Come see the shop pet: Lyle the lizard.
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Writes a text file (.TXT) to disk from a SELECT
query. If the query has multiple columns, they are
concatenated together with no separator. The text is not escaped or quoted.
TRUNCATE_EXISTING_FILE
option to overwrite the existing
file.SELECT
statement that provides the rows to write to the file.TRUNCATE_EXISTING_FILE
: integer (0-1, default: 0)FILE_ENCODING
: integer (0-65535, default: 0)-- Writes the contents of mytable into a file called "MyFile.txt".
-- Because no options are specified, the lines are appended and
-- the UTF-8 encoding is used.
EXPORT TXT 'C:\MyFile.txt'
FROM (SELECT * FROM mytable);
-- Overwrites "MyFile.txt" if it already exists.
EXPORT TXT 'C:\MyFile.txt'
FROM (SELECT * FROM mytable)
OPTIONS (TRUNCATE_EXISTING_FILE: 1);


--- --- {% include header.html %}
{% include nav_bar.html %} {% include hero.html %} {% include fellowship_info.html %} {% include pod_leader.html %} {% include members.html %} {% include diverse.html %} {% include featured_projects.html %} {% include timeline.html %} {% include footer_minimal.html %}


Draw a binary tree
Input data (pre-order with nulls):
[1,2,3,null,null,4,null,null,5,6,null,null,7,8,9]
Draw the tree
Clear Input


This is how Cassper Nyovest is bringing back his popular #FILLUP concert before the end of the year
Johannesburg – South African Hip Hop sensation, Cassper Nyovest is set to fill up another stadium this year, and Standard Bank is rallying behind him for the second time.
Taking place in the North West, his home province at the Royal Bafokeng stadium in Rustenburg on 15 December 2019, the show is set to be one for the books.
After four years of a successful #FillUp series of concerts where he filled up The Dome, Orlando Stadium, FNB stadium, and most recently, Moses Mabhida stadium in Durban, Cassper is ready to return home to #FillUpRoyalBafokeng stadium.
About the professional collaboration, the bank said: "Standard Bank is excited to be partnering with a young visionary like Cassper Nyovest. He is a great example of pushing through adversity and proving that the possibilities are endless if you put your mind to it, which directly aligns to our Still Good to Go positioning," said Keno Smith, Head of Retail Marketing at Standard Bank.
READ NEXT: Cassper Nyovest just made history – and this is why.
Apart from an amazing performance by Cassper at #FillUpRoyalBafokeng, fans can look forward to an exclusive VIP Standard Bank experience at the stadium.
HOW TO GET 50% OFF:
Standard Bank clients will also get a 50% discount when they purchase their tickets using their Standard Bank MyMo account, ensuring that they are good to go and fill up Royal Bafokeng.
Compiled by Alex Isaacs.
Photo: Gallo.


C G H I J M R S T
C
- call() - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.Task
-
- claims() - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtElement
-
- com.github.spring.jwt - package com.github.spring.jwt
-
- crackJwt(CommandLineOptions) - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.ThreadService
-
Method to create threads and assign the task to executors
- crypto() - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtElement
-
G
- generate(String, int) - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.Task
-
Method to generate keys of the given length, and tries to crack with
generated key
H
- headers() - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtElement
-
I
- isMatched(String) - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtService
-
This method signs the content with the new generated secret key and
verifies with the existing signature.
J
- JwtCrackerApplication - Class in com.github.spring.jwt
-
Main Class to run this program, parses command line options
- JwtCrackerApplication() - Constructor for class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtCrackerApplication
-
- JwtElement - Class in com.github.spring.jwt
-
A class representing the different fields of a jwt token
- JwtElement(byte[], byte[], byte[]) - Constructor for class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtElement
-
- JwtService - Class in com.github.spring.jwt
-
Class which cracks JWT token against a given secret(randomly generated) key
- JwtService(String) - Constructor for class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtService
-
M
- main(String[]) - Static method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtCrackerApplication
-
R
- run(String...) - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtCrackerApplication
-
S
- signingInput() - Method in class com.github.spring.jwt.JwtElement
-
T
- Task - Class in com.github.spring.jwt
-
Each jwt crack against a generated secret key is executed in separate thread.
- Task(char[], int, int, JwtService) - Constructor for class com.github.spring.jwt.Task
-
- ThreadService - Class in com.github.spring.jwt
-
Class is responsible for decoding the jwt token and starting threads
execution to crack the jwt
- ThreadService() - Constructor for class com.github.spring.jwt.ThreadService
-
C G H I J M R S T
Copyright © 2020 hemantsonu20 @ Github. All rights reserved.


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configure(config: any): HttpClient
Configure this client with default settings to be used by all requests.
Parameters
config: any
A configuration object, or a function that takes a config
object and configures it.
Returns
The chainable instance of this HttpClient.


--- layout: default next_section: tutorials title: Getting Started | GoodData Javascript SDK ---
You've just downloaded GoodData Javascript SDK and want to start building something. You are in the right place!
GoodData javascript sdk library mainly provides a thin javascript abstraction over the GoodData REST API. It is created to makes it easy to use the GD platform and write small javascript apps relying on GD APIs.
GoodData javascript sdk can be used as bower component. The result of the build is
in dist/gooddata[.min].js
. Result of the build UMD - compatible -
you can use it both globally and as AMD module. Note that you need to provide
jQuery before trying to load the SDK.
To build the sdk you need to have git and Node.js installed. MacOS users should install Homebrew first and then run:
$ brew install git $ brew install node
Now, clone this repo with $ git clone https://github.com/gooddata/gooddata-js.git
(if you encounter any kind of problems while cloning the repository please refer to Github's
HTTPS cloning errors manual page)
and get the library dependencies with
$ npm install -g grunt-cli $ npm install -g bower $ npm install $ bower install
In the repository run:
$ grunt
and the built library is ready for you at dist/gooddata.min.js
It is easy to start your own project with this repository or modify and explore examples depicting some of the sdk usages. To start with examples run:
$ grunt dev
Which starts proxy that allows your script to communicate with https://secure.gooddata.com
(backend can be changed with
$ grunt dev --backend=some-other-backend.na.getgooddata.com
Check the app at localhost:8443 To run some of the examples, just add the name of the example to URL like localhost:8443/d3-data-viz. {% include section-nav.html %}


Tags are built using Jekyll’s native categories functionality and you need to add them manually as files before using them in posts. Read on to learn how.
How to add a new tag
Please make sure to do the following for each tag:
Create a .md file within _my_tags
folder with the name of your category, e.g. cool-stuff.md
. This file needs to look like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | --- slug: cool-stuff name: Cool Stuff description: > This is an awesome description of my cool stuff tag which will be display underneath the title of this tag's page. --- |
slug
is a mandatory field and defines tag’s slug, accessible at yourblog.com/tag/dactl/
, use -
instead of spaces here.
name
is a mandatory field and defines tag’s name, e.g. Cool Stuff
.
description
is an optional field, it’s visible on tag’s page.
Click here and here to see the difference.
Optional
You can configure the Archive page to show ‘Tag box’ underneath the search box - this box will contain all of your blog’s tags with links to them.


Twitter May Soon Let Users Disable Retweets
by George KamauTwitter is working on bringing new features on its platform in a move to fight harassment on the social media giant. Right after banning political ads, Twitter is now exploring new features that they may or may not launch next year and here are the important and interesting ones.
Disable Retweet on your tweet
Twitter wants to bring a feature that disables retweet on your tweet so that malicious tweeps don’t take it out of context as a way to have healthy discourse on the platform and reduce the negative effects of the retweet button.
The ability for your tweets to not be retweeted is only available if you make your account private.
In a Buzzfeed interview, Chris Wetherell, the developer who led the Twitter team that built the retweet button in 2009 said that the retweet button was similar to handing a 4-year-old a loaded weapon.
Disable mention without permission
Twitter is also exploring preventing users from mentioning you without your consent. When it is enabled, people won’t tag you in threads or random and abusive tweets and will be a welcome move as an anti-harassment feature in reducing negative mentions.
Without your permission, you won’t be mentioned and you can remove yourself if you’re mentioned.
Tweet this only to: hashtag, interest, or these friends
This is another interesting feature that would let you tweet to select specific audiences such as enclosed chats and discussions.
In a tweet poll, lots of people loved this idea.
Automatic Threads feature
For those of us who post threads, twitter is working on automatically labelling a thread and Twitter power users and social media managers are going to love it.
We can’t wait!!!!


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abstract class ApplicationBase
Base class for applications.
Base class for applications supporting Hot Module Replacement (HMR).
ApplicationBase()
Base class for applications. |
abstract fun dispose(): Map<String, Any>
Ending point for an application. |
|
abstract fun start(state: Map<String, Any>): Unit
Starting point for an application. |


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Stereotype Threat refers to a phenomenon when a person is at risk of believing and living out a negative stereotype about their own group. Some down sides to this phenomenon is that the person starts to underachieve at whatever it is they may be doing, due to perhaps self-doubt or inferiority complex.
For example, there's a stereotype that all Asian females can't drive, as a result, an Asian female may feel that they do not want to risk causing a car accident and would defer driving to another person, usually a male.
Stereotype Threat or "ST" has been a part of my life since I was born. Born into an old fashioned Chinese family as a female fourth child, I was doomed to be useless from the start. My job in life is to stay put and stop causing people trouble (there's an assumption that I have started trouble already since... counter = 0. teehee...)
I reacted rather well to ST I think. Not in the beginning of course. Over time, I make it a point to identify the internalized voices that explicitly or implicitly put me down. When I identify the implied ones, I navigate around them. Back in the day, I had to actively fight the explicit ones...
The best way I have dealt with ST is to think of them as STD's. Like STD, as long as you want to interact with people on a personal level, ST should be a risk that you are aware of and take steps to avoid. Here's my golden rule to avoid STs.
Form and build on each individual relationship that you can find. Whether you bond by cohorts, friendship, hobbies or internet chat support, work on it! Because in the end, the relationship you put the most work in will result in people you can trust. They'll tell you if they have STD and will protect you from it. I mean ST... ST.


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{% extends "courses/layout.html" %} {% block title %}All{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Total number of quizzes and steps: {{ total.total }}
Steps: {{ course.total_steps }}


nips nips2007 nips2007-16 nips2007-16-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Lawrence Cayton, Sanjoy Dasgupta
Abstract: Can we leverage learning techniques to build a fast nearest-neighbor (ANN) retrieval data structure? We present a general learning framework for the NN problem in which sample queries are used to learn the parameters of a data structure that minimize the retrieval time and/or the miss rate. We explore the potential of this novel framework through two popular NN data structures: KD-trees and the rectilinear structures employed by locality sensitive hashing. We derive a generalization theory for these data structure classes and present simple learning algorithms for both. Experimental results reveal that learning often improves on the already strong performance of these data structures. 1
[1] J. H. Friedman, J. L. Bentley, and R. A. Finkel. An algorithm for ﬁnding best matches in logarithmic expected time. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 3(3):209–226, 1977.
[2] S. Arya, D. M. Mount, N. S. Netanyahu, R. Silverman, and A. Wu. An optimal algorithm for approximate nearest neighbor searching. Journal of the ACM, 45(6):891–923, 1998.
[3] T. Liu, A. W. Moore, A. Gray, and K. Yang. An investigation of practical approximate neighbor algorithms. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2004.
[4] S. Dasgupta and Y. Freund. Random projection trees and low dimensional manifolds. Technical report, UCSD, 2007.
[5] P. Indyk. Nearest neighbors in high dimensional spaces. In J. E. Goodman and J. O’Rourke, editors, Handbook of Discrete and Computational Geometry. CRC Press, 2006.
[6] M. T. Orchard. A fast nearest-neighbor search algorithm. In ICASSP, pages 2297–3000, 1991.
[7] E. Vidal. An algorithm for ﬁnding nearest neighbours in (approximately) constant average time. Pattern Recognition Letters, 4:145–157, 1986.
[8] S. Omohundro. Five balltree construction algorithms. Technical report, ICSI, 1989.
[9] A. Beygelzimer, S. Kakade, and J. Langford. Cover trees for nearest neighbor. In ICML, 2006.
[10] K. L. Clarkson. Nearest-neighbor searching and metric space dimensions. In Nearest-Neighbor Methods for Learning and Vision: Theory and Practice, pages 15–59. MIT Press, 2006.
[11] S. Maneewongvatana and D. Mount. The analysis of a probabilistic approach to nearest neighbor searching. In Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures, 2001.
[12] S. Maneewongvatana and D. Mount. Analysis of approximate nearest neighbor searching with clustered point sets. In Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experimentation (ALENEX), 1999.
[13] Mayur Datar, Nicole Immorlica, Piotr Indyk, and Vahab S. Mirrokni. Locality-sensitive hashing scheme based on p-stable distributions. In SCG 2004, pages 253–262, New York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM Press.
[14] O. Bousquet, S. Boucheron, and G. Lugosi. Theory of classiﬁcation: a survey of recent advances. ESAIM: Probability and Statistics, 9:323–375, 2004.
[15] D. Mount and S. Arya. ANN library. http://www.cs.umd.edu/∼mount/ANN/.
[16] N. Rasiwasia, P. Moreno, and N. Vasconcelos. Bridging the gap: query by semantic example. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2007. 8


THE WAR OF THE ROSES A film review by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1989 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: The story of a marriage dissolving in hatred is given a bittersweet treatment by Danny DeVito directing the now-popular team of Michael Douglas and Kathleen Turner. This is a good idea for a film but it is not well handled. Rating : +1.
THE WAR OF THE ROSES is the story of the marriage of Oliver and Barbara Rose. It tells how they met, fell in love, married, and raised a family. But the primary focus of the film is on how the marriage foundered and on the bitter battle between the two as the marriage dissolves and becomes a contest of wills during the divorce. The film gives new meaning to the term "idiot plot" (the plot that works only because the main characters are idiots). In this case, the point of the film--repeated over and over by the Roses's lawyer, who is telling the story--is that the Roses *are* being idiots. They are willing to give up everything they have to be "one-up" on the other. They are empty people with an empty marriage who are finally given a cause to live for, which turns out to be destroying each other.
The team of Michael Douglas, Kathleen Turner, and Danny DeVito, popular since ROMANCING THE STONE, here turn out another comedy. But the humor is only a very thin veneer over what is at heart a very black and bleak story verging on a parable of the Middle East or Northern Ireland.
Perhaps because the story is told mostly from Oliver's point of view, he is the more sympathetic of the two principal characters. Barbara acts and Oliver reacts when the marriage begins breaking up Barbara attacks and Oliver counter-attacks. The film builds to one final evening when Oliver becomes angry enough that both are attacking at the same time.
THE WAR OF THE ROSES is just at an awkward level of style. It could have worked better if it were light, such as NEIGHBORS, or heavier as a serious straight drama. As it is it seems like a comic replug of an old made-for-television movie, THE WAR BETWEEN THE TATES. Making jokes about this sort of self-destructive behavior is too much like making jokes about leukemia. There is the germ of a good idea here, but it is improperly handled. My rating is a +1 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper att!mtgzx!leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


This video was shot by an unknown individual, and shows a train riding across the Great Salt Lake upon Lucin Cutoff. Video courtesy of University of Utah's Marriott Library Special Collections


OTMql4Zmq - MQL4 bindings for ZeroMQ, the high-speed messaging protocol
for asynchronous communications between financial and trading applications.
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/
With ZeroMQ (http://zeromq.org/) you can:
There are two ways of using ZeroMq via in this package:
1. Directly using a compiled DLL. We using ZeroMQ v2.2.0 to compile against,
but you should be able to connect to it from any more recent version. See
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/wiki/CompiledDllOTMql4Zmq .
2. Through https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/wiki/PyZmq
in Python under Metatrader using
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Py .
This is slower, but gives you all of Python under Mt4.
In general, you can use any version of ZeroMQ later than v2.2.0 to
communicate with the either way of using ZeroMq, , so for example you can
use the latest https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/wiki/PyZmq
for client scripts talking to an EA that uses the compiled DLL:
see https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/wiki/Scripts .
You may also want to look at our RabbitMQ solution, which is a pure
Python solution also using OTMql4Py:
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4AMQP/
You may want to also look at:
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OpenTrader
which provides a command-line interpreter to speak to the OTMql4AMQP
or OTMql4Zmq enabled Metatrader (either version).
Most of our testing of this package is done from OpenTrader.
This is a work in progress - a developers' pre-release version.
OTMql4Zmq works with Metatrader on builds > 6xx, but it still needs
testing on different versions of Windows and Mt4.
The source code for the Compiled DLL has been moved to
https://github.com/OpenTrading/mql4zmq/
to better document the changes we made in it from the original source.
As a convenience, we have checked in the binaries from that project
to the src/mql4zmq directory. In theory the files in this project
will always mirror that project, but that project may get broken as we
try to move it to compiling against ZeroMQ 4.x. If anyone is good at MSVC
and ZeroMQ, if you could look at the code in that project and help us with
ZeroMQ 4.x version improvements, we'd be grateful.
Please file any bugs in the issue tracker:
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/issues
Use the Wiki to start topics for discussion:
https://github.com/OpenTrading/OTMql4Zmq/wiki/Home
It's good to use the wiki for knowledge capture, and then we can pull the
important pages back into the documentation into the wiki subdirectory.
You may need to be signed into github.com to see or edit in the wiki.
The project wiki should be open for editing by anyone logged into GitHub:
**Please report any system it works or doesn't work on in the wiki:
include the Metatrader build number, the origin of the metatrader exe,
the Windows version, and the ZeroMq version and version of the Python pyzmq.**
This code is known to run under Linux Wine (1.7.x), so this project
bridges Metatrader to ZeroMq under Linux.


Create Your Own The North Face Denali, Nuptse & Mountain Jacket With 141 Customs
Each client will have a 3D body scan to ensure the perfect fit.
by Eric Brain141 Customs and The North Face Lab Purple Label have come together to provide Japanese consumers with the chance to create and customize their very own TNF jackets.
The unique experience allows clients to develop any color scheme on the Denali Fleece, Nuptse Jacket and Mountain Jacket. 141 Customs and TNF offer a six-step web-to-reality development process that incorporates the wearer every step of the way, from the inaugural web simulation program to fittings.
Clients looking to create their own TNF jacket will be able to rework up to two jackets of their choice, customizing the body colors, fasteners, emblems, and body details such as the cuffs. From there, clients can reserve an in-store space for when they will need to visit The North Face Lab for a 3D body scan, which enables 141 Customs to gather information about your unique body shape and fitting requirements.
Each jacket will take approximately 30 working days to be made from order to in-hand delivery. Full customization prices range from ¥ 36,000 JPY (approx. $330 USD) for the Denali Fleece, ¥ 64,000 JPY (approx. $588 USD) for the Nuptse and ¥ 100,000 JPY (approx. $920 USD) for the Mountain Jacket. You can arrange to order yours online now via the Goldwin website.
In other news, Supreme has been sued over its use of a “copyrighted” camouflage pattern.


Saidi Balogun announces death of mum
by Ifeanyi NgeremVeteran Yoruba actor, Saidi Balogun has announced the death of his mother earlier today. The actor took to his social media page to make the announcement.
Saidi Balogun did not disclose the time of death nor the age of his mother as he simply announced on his Instagram page:
“GOOD NIGHT MAMA MI JOLADE OMO OLOMU APERAN.Rest in peace”.
The post has attracted the sympathetic reactions of actors in Nollywood and the entertainment industry.


+++
title = "Resources for technical writers"
linkTitle = "Resources for technical writers"
+++
{{< blocks/cover title="Resources for technical writers" image_anchor="top" height="full" color="gray" >}}
Download
A Hugo theme for creating great technical documentation sites
{{< blocks/link-down color="info" >}}
{{< /blocks/cover >}}
{{% blocks/lead color="primary" %}}
Docsy is a theme for the Hugo static site generator that's specifically designed for technical documentation sets. You can use this theme for your own site.
{{% /blocks/lead %}}
{{< blocks/section color="dark" type="features">}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fa-lightbulb" title="See Docsy in action!" url="https://www.docsy.dev/docs/examples/" %}}
As well as this site, there's a growing number of projects using Docsy for their doc sites.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-github" title="Contributions welcome!" url="https://github.com/ivancheban/docsy-site" %}}
Use [Pull Request](https://github.com/google/docsy/pulls) to contribute to this site on **GitHub**. Everyone can contribute.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{% blocks/feature icon="fab fa-telegram" title="Technical writers of Ukraine" url="https://t.me/TW_Ukraine" %}}
Join the community of technical writers of Ukraine on Telegram. There we discuss everything related to this profession.
{{% /blocks/feature %}}
{{< /blocks/section >}}


Test Cases for Imaging Document Consumer (2018)
Overview
This document describes testing requirements for the Imaging
Document Consumer actor in the IHE XDS-I.b integration profile.
The
Imaging Document Consumer will perform tests using the XDS Toolkit
software from NIST and also ATNA security tests using the Gazelle
software. The test procedure includes:
- Execute all tests listed at the bottom of this page without
TLS
- Repeat all tests listed at the bottom with TLS enabled
- Execute the following No Peer tests that appear in Gazelle for
your system
- ATNA_Questionnaire
- ATNA_Audit_Msg_Check
- ATNA_Authenticate_with_Tool
The tests for an Imaging Document Source use a fixed set of
images as input data. The test data has departmental patient
identifiers in the DICOM files (e.g., those used in the Radiology
Department when the images are acquired) and identifiers for the
test Affinity Domain. There is no assigning authority for the
departmental identifiers. The assigning authority for the Affinity
Domain is:
- &<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.21367.2<IP_ADDRESS>0&ISO
The Imaging Document Consumer tests assume a standard testing
procedure:
- A standard test set is created that contains imaging data and
associated KOS objects. The standard test images are identified
by patient identifier and are listed with each test as
appropriate.
- The test software does not provide a mapping mechanism between
the patient identifier in the image and the patient identifier
in the Affinity Domain. It is the responsibility of the Imaging
Document Consumer to use the correct patient identifier for the
Affinity Domain.
- The Imaging Document Consumer is instructed to send query and
retrieve requests to the testing system. The logging mechanism
of the simulators in the testing system records the requests.
The testing system supports retrieves using the RAD-55 (WADO)
and RAD-69 (SOAP) transactions. Traditional DICOM C-Move
transactions are not supported. The Imaging Document Consumer
under test needs to complete all tests using RAD-55 transactions
or all tests using RAD-69 transactions. The Imaging Document
Consumer may test both RAD-55 and RAD-69 transactions if both
are supported.
- The test manager reviews the Imaging Document Consumer
requests captured by the test system simulators.
General Instructions
Certain toolkit management functions are password protected and
must be performed by the test administrator. Please follow these
general instructions.
| Party |
Type |
Step |
| User |
Configuration |
Your Imaging Document Consumer will need to communicate
with a set of simulators. The detailed instructions below
will tell you how to obtain the configuration information
for the simulators. |
| User |
Configuration |
Provide test administrator with configuration parameters
for your Imaging Document Consumer. |
| Admin |
Configuration |
- Create a SYSTEM within the XDS Toolkit that uses the
supplied configuration parameters.
- In this system, include only the Imaging Document
Consumer configuration. Do not double up with other
actors.
|
| Admin |
Configuration |
Create a testing SESSION for this Imaging Document
Consumer. The system under test should use only this SESSION
and no others. |
| User |
Instruction |
Use only the testing ENVIRONMENT and testing SESSION
assigned by the administrator when testing your Imaging
Document Consumer. Do not test other actors using this
testing SESSION. |
| User |
Instruction |
It is expected that the user will execute the tests and
the administrator will review results when the tests are
complete. The user may execute individual or all tests
multiple times. Each time you execute a test, the toolkit
will overwrite the previous results in the test SESSION for
that test. |
Detailed Instructions
- In the web user interface, make sure you have selected the
proper testing ENVIRONMENT and proper testing SESSION.
- In the lower left flap of the toolkit, select Conformance
Tests.
- Activate the teal/green Test Context control (right side of
conformance tests). Select your SYSTEM as the system under test.
- Select the Imaging Document Consumer tab.
- Check the Reset box and activate the button: Initialize
Testing Environment. This will create a set of simulators and
load test patients into those simulators.
- Wait for the environment initialization steps to complete. You
should see initilization steps under the heading Supporting
Environment Configuration turn green.
- The display will show you the configuration parameters for the
simulator. Use that data to configure your Imaging Document
Consumer. Please note that you can initialize the
environment any number of times. The simulators will always be
created with the same endpoints.
- Imaging Document Consumer tests are not automated. They
require your system to initiate transactions. You will initiate
the transactions for each test, and the administrator will
review query and retrieve requests captured by the testing
system. The trashcan icon clears the log/test results.
- As stated above, you can run the test cases and review the
results on your own schedule. Contact the administrator with
questions or to verify results.
Test Documentation
Instructions for individual tests are stored in the toolkit. The
links below provide static copies of the documentation that do not
rely on toolkit access.
REPLACE


Ted Rogers School of Management,
Ryerson University
55 Dundas St W, Toronto, ON M5G 2C3, Canada
Toronto has a public transit system, complete with underground subways, rapid transit (RT),
streetcars and buses. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) operates this system and publishes a
free transit map that is available from any subway station, at ISS in POD-61, or click here to download a copy.
The cash fare for an adult is $3.25 cash per person per ride.
You can also purchase
prepaid fares such as tokens, tickets or monthly passes that are slightly cheaper than the cash
fare. If paying by cash, exact change is required on buses and streetcars.
There are two subway stations located near Ryerson:
The TTC has a route information service that can help you find out how to get to a particular address via subways, streetcars or buses. The TTC's customer information phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Visit the TTC website for more information.
For travel between Metro-Toronto and surrounding areas, use GO Transit at: www.gotransit.com.
Greyhound is the largest bus company in Canada and offers service from Toronto to many cities and towns. Visit the Greyhound website for more information.
VIA Rail is the Canadian railway and offers service to many cities and towns. They offer a discount to travelers less than 25 years old. For schedules and other route and ticket information, please call 411 or visit the VIA website at www.viarail.ca
There are several cab or taxi companies operating in Toronto. Cab fare begins at $4.00 (or higher) as soon as you step into it. Tipping (7% to 10%) is a customary practice but not mandatory. Cash is an acceptable method of payment and sometimes credit card.
Use caution whenever driving downtown due to the volume of cars, pedestrians and road
restrictions. Purchase of a road map is advisable. Driving licenses are required and there are
free Driving Regulations books available from most Ministry of Transportation offices.
If you have a valid Driver's
License and wish to rent a car, there are many car rental
businesses providing that service in Toronto. For a typical day rental, the rate is generally
$50 a day (including insurance and sometimes mileage). The absolute minimum car rental age is 21
years old and all businesses require a credit card as a deposit.
Parking in a public parking lot is expensive in downtown Toronto. Both Jarvis Street and
Church
Street have coin meter parking, however, it only allows a maximum of 2 hours on the time meter.
It is important to note that on the vast majority of main streets downtown, parking and stopping
is prohibited during morning and evening rush hours. Remove your car during those hours or it
will be towed-away and you will be fined. Please check with street signs before parking.


Differences from PyDEVS¶
This section is aimed at people used to the API as presented in PyDEVS up to version 1.1. Since this version, the aim was shifted to performance and efficient simulation, together with several specific (and hopefully useful) features.
Users not familiar with PyDEVS do not need to read this section, as it contains parts of the old API.
Parallel DEVS¶
The major shift in PyPDEVS is the switch to Parallel DEVS, which is also where the additional ‘P’ in the name comes from.
For the modeller, the main difference is in the content of the messages that are being passed. Previously, only a single message was put on every port. In the new version, a message is always a list containing the actual messages. As specified in the PDEVS standard, this is actually to be interpreted as a bag and therefore there is no guaranteed order to the elements in the list.
Another change is in the removal of the select() function, which is no longer needed due to all transitions being processed simultaneously.
There is also the addition of the confTransition(inputs) function, which will be called in situations where both an internal and external transition happen together. This function is set to a combination of the extTransition(inputs) and intTransition() function by default.
Even though the default formalism was shifted to Parallel DEVS (and with it, all internal algorithms), Classic DEVS is still supported by using the setClassicDEVS() configuration option. Classic DEVS is a lot slower though, due to the select() function, so it is advised to use Parallel DEVS whenever possible.
Different API¶
The old interface of the Simulator class was very small and all options were passed to the simulate() method. Due to the explosive amount of new configurations, this became unmanageable and it required a lot of checking. These configuration settings are now done using setters, which are all documented under the Simulator interface.
Not only the Simulator interface has changed, but also the methods to access the input in the extTransition and confTransition functions. Previously, this was done using the peek and poke functions. This became unnatural for Parallel DEVS (as it is unknown whether to overwrite or append the output) and also incurred a significant overhead due to the enormous amount of function calls. In the new interface, the methods receive a dictionary containing all ports on which input was received and the corresponding values. Ports without input are not mentioned in the dictionary. The poke message is similarly replaced by having the outputFnc return a similar dictionary.
Allow for distribution and parallellisation¶
The main improvement in version 2.1 is the possibility to distribute the model and run it in parallel. For the modeller, the only difference is the addition of several API calls (which are optional, as some sane default values are chosen).
Additionally, the addSubModel() function takes an optional parameter location which specifies the number of the node on which the simulation of this model and its submodels should run. It is not necessary to specify this parameter manually, as there is a configuration option for automatic distribution of the model.
All these extensions do not change the interface for the local simulations or for local model construction.
Additional tracers¶
The tracing framework has been extensively rewritten and now supports both verbose, VCD and XML. These options themselves were already available in previous versions (through extended versions of PyDEVS), though the traced data is now flushed to disk immediately instead of being saved in memory. This was a severe limitation in big simulation runs, as they were unable to be traced.
Additionally, multiple tracers of the same kind are now also possible from within PyPDEVS itself. Though it should be noted that this will not perform any optimisations and literally run the same code twice. If such situation is really desired in combination with performance, please look at the tee UNIX command.
New in version 2.1.4: A new Cell DEVS style tracer is also added, which prints the output to a file that can be used for e.g. visualisation.
Custom copy method for messages¶
The DEVS formalism states that messages should be copies of the original message that is being send, in order to prevent different models from influencing each others. This was rather inefficient and PyDEVS was actually (one of) the only simulators that actually did this, though copying is the correct behaviour.
In order to allow for fair comparisons to other simulators, such as ADEVS, the modeller now has the possibility to define a custom copy() method on the message being sent. This method should return a deep copy of the original message.
While this might seem bothersome for the modeller, even a simple data class can be copied up to 10 times faster by only defining a copy() method which makes a copy itself instead of relying on the default pickle behaviour. Furthermore, the modeller might have some further knowledge about the model and thus know that a message will not be used for such unacceptable purposes.
In the most extreme case, it is even possible to disable message copies completely. This is the only behaviour in most simulators, so it is mainly implemented to allow for fair performance comparisons.
Warning
While it would be possible to violate the DEVS formalism by using these shortcuts, they are not supported in any way. In local simulation, such alterations might probably work in some versions, though this behaviour is not guaranteed to stay the same between several versions. On distributed simulation, the situation gets worse, since it will probably never work and might lead to seemingly random state modifications due to state saving.
Realtime simulation¶
Realtime simulation is now possible using the Simulator configuration parameters. The model itself does not need to be modified, though it is necessary to pass a dictionary containing the ports on which input can be passed. File input is also possible and can be interleaved with input from stdin.
Simulation can be halted by using the standard termination options, or by sending the empty string as input.
Checkpointing added¶
Distributed simulation has an increased possibility for failure and therefore checkpointing support was added. Checkpoints are made using the pickle modules present in Python and therefore require the states and attributes of the models to be picklable themself. This should not be a problem, as it would be unnatural to have unpicklable attributes there. Furthermore, distributed simulation already requires the states to be picklable for state saving.
To restore from a checkpoint, the load_checkpoint function can be used, which will automatically search for the latest (complete) checkpoint and use it. In case none is found, this function will return None. In case a suitable checkpoint was found, it will return the original simulator object to be used in further code. It is therefore important to not call simulate() on this returned simulator and the load_checkpoint call should be (one of) the first lines of code.
Checkpoints are disabled by default, as they take some time and require disk access.
Logging support¶
Logging support is present using a Syslog server (by default, the one at localhost will be used). This is not really useful for normal users, though it provides great debugging for the simulation kernel. To disable this logging (as it increases simulation time by a noticable factor), it is possible to either run the disableAsserts.sh script, or run python with the -O flag. This logger is also used for messages from the simulator itself, though fatal and important errors are always thrown using the exception system (as a DEVSException).
Due to the huge performance impact, logging is disabled by default at the source level. If you require logging support, use the enableAsserts.sh shell script.
Model visualisation¶
It is possible to export the model in a format that is understandable for Graphviz, as to visualize the model. The primary advantage of this is that it also visualizes the location where the node runs (at least at the start of the simulation). It furthermore allows the modeller to see what kind of model is being simulated and whether or not some connections are wrong.
Note
Huge models might have problems being visualized due to Graphviz drawing the edge labels by default. This causes a lot of collision checking to be done and probably results in an unreadable file. For this reason, the hideEdgeLabels is present and will hide these edge labels.
Progress bar added¶
Some nice ‘eye candy’ that is present in PyPDEVS is the progress bar. While its primary purpose is to visualize the progress of the different nodes, it is also usable in local simulation.
An example output is:
0 |######################== | 35%
1 |######################=================================================|DONE
2 |######################== | 35%
In this situation, a simulation runs over 3 nodes, where node 1 is already finished. Node 0 and 2 are both at 35% of their simulation. This percentage is calculated based on the current simulation time and the termination time provided during configuration.
The ‘#’ symbols indicate the parts of the simulation that are already confirmed to be definitive by the GVT. The ‘=’ symbols indicate pending parts of the simulation that are not yet confirmed and are still possible to be reverted.
Clearly, simulation finishes as soon as all nodes are ‘DONE’.
Note
It is certainly possible for progress bars to fall back, even before the lowest of them all (though not below the GVT). This is due to messages that might still be in the network and are not taken into account by the progress bars. Of course, these messages are still taken into account by the GVT algorithm.
Note
Because these progress bars are updated using terminal escape codes, it is possible that they only work in specific terminals. Additionally, the progress bars will always overwrite the last few lines, which could contain your own prints or verbose tracing output.
Different schedulers¶
In PyDEVS, the scheduler was fixed, whereas PyPDEVS now allows the user to choose which kind of scheduler to use. The current version supports 7 different schedulers: Sorted List, Minimal List, Activity Heap, HeapSet, NoAge, Discrete and Polymorphic. This modularised approach allows for domain-specific schedulers to be used if one can be implemented more efficiently.
If you do not care about performance, simply use the default scheduler.
Python 3 compliant¶
With Python 3 being the new version of Python, the PythonPDEVS simulator was also written with Python 3 compatibility in mind. The main development still happens on Python 2, though tests are sporadically also ran using Python 3.
Several possibilities for Python 3 compliance exist, though the method implemented in PythonPDEVS is the use of a restricted subset of Python 2, which is still present in Python 3 (with the same semantics of course).
Note
Python 2 and Python 3 have modifications to several key aspects of the language, such as the use of iterators for the range function. For this reason, there might be a performance gap between using either of the interpreters.
Warning
Even though the semantics of most core elements stay the same, several other parts of the language might behave slightly different and produce different results. It can therefore not be guaranteed that Python 3 is perfectly supported, though it should be considered a bug if there is a deviation.
Reinitialisation¶
Previous versions of PythonDEVS did not have the possibility to reinitialize the model and simply restart simulation (with possibly slightly different configuration options). Now it is possible to simply call the simulate() function multiple times, which will reinitialize the model on subsequent calls.
For local simulation, this requires a non-default simulation configuration. This decision was made for two reasons: 1 Reinitialisation was previously not supported, so there would be no change for normal simulation 2 Resetting the model requires to create a copy of the model in the original state, which takes some time to pickle the model 3 Saving a copy of the original model will take some additional memory, which can be rather high for large models
Distributed simulation has this option enabled by default, because the pickled representation of the model is already made and distributed in the initial setup. Furthermore, in local simulation it is much easier to reconstruct the model and simply restart the simulation on it. On the other hand, distributed simulation would require model distribution all over again, which can cause a high network load.
Note
When changing model attributes after the first call of the simulate() method, this should happen using the interface provided by the Simulator. This is because the model that is visible in the experiment file, is not the version of the model that is still present on the remote nodes. Changing attributes on this model will thus have no effect.
Activity Tracking¶
Together with the possibility for distributed simulation, load balancing based on activity information was added. This is a huge feature and can allow for severe speedups in several cases. All of default activity tracking, custom activity tracking and custom activity prediction are possible. For more details on this feature, we refer to its own section.


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