Light It Up * 1/2 (out of * * * * )
Directed by Craig Bolotin. Cast: Usher Raymond, Forest Whitaker, Rosario Dawson, Robert Ri'chard, Sara Gilbert, Fredro Starr, Clifton Collins Jr., Judd Nelson, Glynn Turman, Vanessa L. Williams, Vic Polizos. 1999 - 98 minutes Rated R (for violence and profanity). Reviewed by Dustin Putman, November 13, 1999.
An attempt at a teen movie, a 'la "The Breakfast Club," mixed with social commentary on inner-city schools, the media, and misunderstood youth, "Light It Up" goes wrong in so many ways that it quickly grows annoying. Swiftly moving from one scene to the next, there is barely any time to get to know the characters (and we don't), and before you know it, the film is over and you're left wondering why the movie didn't go through a few rewrites before filming commenced.
Set almost exclusively over a 24-hour period at Lincoln High School, a broken-down, scummy building in Queens, NY, the day begins disastrously and only gets worse. While teaching one of his classes, the window in his classroom breaks, letting in the unbearably cold winter air, and a well-liked professor, Ken Knowles (Judd Nelson), must find a warm place to teach. The library is taken, as is the gym, auditorium, and cafeteria, and after the frustratingly one-sided Principal Armstrong (Glynn Turman) tells him to take the kids anywhere, Mr. Knowles and the students go out to a nearby restaurant. Upon returning, Principal Armstrong is outraged Mr. Knowles would lead them off campus, and fires him. Outraged at this unfair act since Knowles was one of the few faculty members who cared about them, aspiring doctor Stephanie (Rosario Dawson), the determined Lester (Usher Raymond), and the innocent Ziggy (Robert Ri'chard), protest and are quickly threatened with suspension.
Through a chain of events, Ziggy accidentally shoots NYPD Officer Jackson (Forest Whitaker), Lester grabs the gun, pulls the fire alarm, and instructs everyone to leave the school. Soon, the police and media have surrounded the school, leaving the six students, which also include Lynn (Sara Gilbert), who just found out she was pregnant by a guy who wants nothing to do with her; the subtly rebellious Rivers (Clifton Collins Jr.); and troublesome Rodney (Fredro Starr), alone with Jackson, who is gradually losing a lot of blood. Persistent in taking a stand, the kids decide that in order to cooperate, they want certain demands met, all pertaining to fixing up the school. It soon becomes clear, however, that hostage negotiator Audrey McDonald (Vanessa L. Williams) is doing nothing to meet their requests, and with the police moving in, Lester, Stephanie, and the gang realize their time is running out.
"Light It Up," directed in strict television-drama mode by Craig Bolotin, stumbles within the first five minutes, due to shamefully and blatantly ripping off the opening of 1998's "The Faculty," in which the teen characters were introduced one at a time and their names were flashed upon the screen. The only relation to the two films is the appearance of R&B star Usher Raymond, and without the involvement of "The Faculty" director Robert Rodriguez or screenwriter Kevin Williamson, this is a storytelling device that only acts to uncover the film's utter imitativeness.
Furthermore, films about troubled schools (1995's "Dangerous Minds," 1996's "The Substitute") and hostage negotiations (1975's "Dog Day Afternoon," 1991's "Toy Soldiers") are a dime a dozen, and this one doesn't offer one original or insightful moment in its whole running time. We already knew that the media often distorts the truth, and that the problematic inner-city schools are in great danger; now tell me something I didn't know.
A well-meaning, yet derivative, film of this sort is basically made or broken by the writing and portrayals of the characters, and both aspects are unsatisfactorily handled. The screenplay, also by Bolotin, devotes very little time to the central six characters, or to Jackson, and what is offered is little more than the Cliffs Notes version of who each person is. Compared to 1985's classic "The Breakfast Club" in its press notes, "Light It Up" isn't even in the same ballpark. While "The Breakfast Club" thoughtfully examined each character, and how the high school years really are, "Light It Up" is in too mad of a rush to do anything of the sort. Maybe Bolotin should have been reminded that the viewer will not care about this story if they aren't given the credit of knowing the faces that litter the screen.
Even if the screenplay had been up to speed, the film would had to have been recast, as these lot of young actors are certainly not going to win any acting awards. In his first starring role, Usher Raymond switches from being understated to overacting, and rarely ever hits the right notes. Worse is Fredro Starr, whose character of Rodney is so vexatious and irredeemable that I cringed every time he was on screen. Narrating the picture, Robert Ri'chard, as Ziggy, leaves no impression at all, nor does Clifton Collins Jr.'s role of Rivers. Meanwhile, Rosario Dawson (1998's "He Got Game") is fetching and passionate as A-student Stephanie, and Sara Gilbert (TV's "Roseanne") handles her sparse character-defining moments with reasonable aplomb. The adult roles are all empty-headed and forgettable, from the usually reliable Forest Whitaker, to Vanessa L. Williams' "take-the-paycheck-and-run" cameo, to Judd Nelson's earnest Mr. Knowles.
 Its as if writer-director Bolotin was so enthusiastic about actually making a movie that he forgot to concentrate and make one that was actually rewarding. The film would like to be a meaningful slice-of-life, but it says nothing advantageous at all about the world we live in, and even climaxes with that old, reliable standby, in which a dying character sputters out words of wisdom right before drawing his last breath. How can a film be perceived as realistic when it is rarely ever convincing? Bolotin attempts this amazing trick, and let's just say the rabbit never turns up in his top hat.
- Copyright 1999 by Dustin Putman Http://www.young-hollywood.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor
Processes HTTP requests.
| Field Summary | |
protected Adapter |
adapter
Associated adapter. |
protected java.lang.String[] |
compressableMimeTypes
List of MIMES which could be gzipped |
protected int |
compressionLevel
Allowed compression level. |
protected int |
compressionMinSize
Minimum contentsize to make compression. |
protected boolean |
contentDelimitation
Content delimitator for the request (if false, the connection will be closed at the end of the request). |
protected boolean |
disableUploadTimeout
Flag to disable setting a different time-out on uploads. |
protected boolean |
error
Error flag. |
protected boolean |
expectation
Is there an expectation ? |
protected char[] |
hostNameC
Host name (used to avoid useless B2C conversion on the host name). |
protected boolean |
http09
HTTP/0.9 flag. |
protected boolean |
http11
HTTP/1.1 flag. |
protected InternalInputBuffer |
inputBuffer
Input. |
protected boolean |
keepAlive
Keep-alive. |
protected java.lang.String |
localAddr
The local Host address. |
protected java.lang.String |
localName
Local Host associated with the current connection. |
protected int |
localPort
Local port to which the socket is connected |
protected static org.apache.commons.logging.Log |
log
Logger. |
protected int |
maxKeepAliveRequests
Maximum number of Keep-Alive requests to honor. |
protected int |
maxPostSize
Max post size. |
protected org.apache.regexp.RE[] |
noCompressionUserAgents
List of user agents to not use gzip with |
protected InternalOutputBuffer |
outputBuffer
Output. |
protected java.lang.String |
remoteAddr
Remote Address associated with the current connection. |
protected java.lang.String |
remoteHost
Remote Host associated with the current connection. |
protected int |
remotePort
Remote port to which the socket is connected |
protected Request |
request
Request object. |
protected Response |
response
Response object. |
protected org.apache.regexp.RE[] |
restrictedUserAgents
List of restricted user agents. |
protected java.net.Socket |
socket
Socket associated with the current connection. |
protected int |
socketBuffer
Socket buffering. |
protected SSLSupport |
sslSupport
SSL information. |
protected boolean |
started
State flag. |
protected ThreadPool |
threadPool
Associated thread pool. |
protected int |
timeout
Maximum timeout on uploads. |
| Constructor Summary | |
Http11Processor()
Default constructor. |
|
Http11Processor(int headerBufferSize)
|
| Method Summary | |
void |
action(ActionCode actionCode,
java.lang.Object param)
Send an action to the connector. |
void |
addCompressableMimeType(java.lang.String mimeType)
Add a mime-type which will be compressable The mime-type String will be exactly matched in the response mime-type header . |
protected void |
addFilter(java.lang.String className)
Add input or output filter. |
protected boolean |
addInputFilter(InputFilter[] inputFilters,
java.lang.String encodingName)
Add an input filter to the current request. |
void |
addNoCompressionUserAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)
Add user-agent for which gzip compression didn't works The user agent String given will be exactly matched to the user-agent header submitted by the client. |
void |
addRestrictedUserAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)
Add restricted user-agent (which will downgrade the connector to HTTP/1.0 mode). |
protected int |
findBytes(ByteChunk bc,
byte[] b)
Specialized utility method: find a sequence of lower case bytes inside a ByteChunk. |
java.lang.String[] |
findCompressableMimeTypes()
Return the list of restricted user agents. |
java.lang.String[] |
findRestrictedUserAgents()
Return the list of restricted user agents. |
Adapter |
getAdapter()
Get the associated adapter. |
java.lang.String |
getCompression()
Return compression level. |
boolean |
getDisableUploadTimeout()
Get the flag that controls upload time-outs. |
int |
getMaxKeepAliveRequests()
Return the number of Keep-Alive requests that we will honor. |
int |
getMaxPostSize()
Return the maximum size of a POST which will be buffered in SSL mode. |
Request |
getRequest()
Get the request associated with this processor. |
int |
getSocketBuffer()
Get the socket buffer flag. |
int |
getTimeout()
Get the upload timeout. |
protected void |
initializeFilters()
Initialize standard input and output filters. |
void |
parseHost(MessageBytes valueMB)
Parse host. |
protected void |
prepareRequest()
After reading the request headers, we have to setup the request filters. |
protected void |
prepareResponse()
When committing the response, we have to validate the set of headers, as well as setup the response filters. |
void |
process(java.io.InputStream input,
java.io.OutputStream output)
Process pipelined HTTP requests using the specified input and output streams. |
void |
setAdapter(Adapter adapter)
Set the associated adapter. |
void |
setCompressableMimeTypes(java.lang.String compressableMimeTypes)
Set compressable mime-type list List contains users agents separated by ',' : ie: "text/html,text/xml,text/plain" |
void |
setCompressableMimeTypes(java.lang.String[] compressableMimeTypes)
Set compressable mime-type list (this method is best when used with a large number of connectors, where it would be better to have all of them referenced a single array). |
void |
setCompression(java.lang.String compression)
Set compression level. |
void |
setCompressionMinSize(int compressionMinSize)
Set Minimum size to trigger compression. |
void |
setDisableUploadTimeout(boolean isDisabled)
Set the flag to control upload time-outs. |
void |
setMaxKeepAliveRequests(int mkar)
Set the maximum number of Keep-Alive requests to honor. |
void |
setMaxPostSize(int mps)
Set the maximum size of a POST which will be buffered in SSL mode. |
void |
setNoCompressionUserAgents(org.apache.regexp.RE[] noCompressionUserAgents)
Set no compression user agent list (this method is best when used with a large number of connectors, where it would be better to have all of them referenced a single array). |
void |
setNoCompressionUserAgents(java.lang.String noCompressionUserAgents)
Set no compression user agent list. |
void |
setRestrictedUserAgents(org.apache.regexp.RE[] restrictedUserAgents)
Set restricted user agent list (this method is best when used with a large number of connectors, where it would be better to have all of them referenced a single array). |
void |
setRestrictedUserAgents(java.lang.String restrictedUserAgents)
Set restricted user agent list (which will downgrade the connector to HTTP/1.0 mode). |
void |
setSocket(java.net.Socket socket)
Set the socket associated with this HTTP connection. |
void |
setSocketBuffer(int socketBuffer)
Set the socket buffer flag. |
void |
setSSLSupport(SSLSupport sslSupport)
Set the SSL information for this HTTP connection. |
void |
setThreadPool(ThreadPool threadPool)
|
void |
setTimeout(int timeouts)
Set the upload timeout. |
protected boolean |
statusDropsConnection(int status)
Determine if we must drop the connection because of the HTTP status code. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
protected static org.apache.commons.logging.Log log
protected Adapter adapter
protected Request request
protected Response response
protected InternalInputBuffer inputBuffer
protected InternalOutputBuffer outputBuffer
protected boolean started
protected boolean error
protected boolean keepAlive
protected boolean http11
protected boolean http09
protected boolean contentDelimitation
protected boolean expectation
protected org.apache.regexp.RE[] restrictedUserAgents
protected int maxKeepAliveRequests
protected SSLSupport sslSupport
protected java.net.Socket socket
protected java.lang.String remoteAddr
protected java.lang.String remoteHost
protected java.lang.String localName
protected int localPort
protected int remotePort
protected java.lang.String localAddr
protected int timeout
protected boolean disableUploadTimeout
protected int compressionLevel
protected int compressionMinSize
protected int socketBuffer
protected int maxPostSize
protected org.apache.regexp.RE[] noCompressionUserAgents
protected java.lang.String[] compressableMimeTypes
protected char[] hostNameC
protected ThreadPool threadPool
| Constructor Detail |
public Http11Processor()
public Http11Processor(int headerBufferSize)
| Method Detail |
public java.lang.String getCompression()
public void setCompression(java.lang.String compression)
public void setCompressionMinSize(int compressionMinSize)
public void setThreadPool(ThreadPool threadPool)
public void addNoCompressionUserAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)
userAgent
- user-agent stringpublic void setNoCompressionUserAgents(org.apache.regexp.RE[] noCompressionUserAgents)
public void setNoCompressionUserAgents(java.lang.String noCompressionUserAgents)
public void addCompressableMimeType(java.lang.String mimeType)
public void setCompressableMimeTypes(java.lang.String[] compressableMimeTypes)
public void setCompressableMimeTypes(java.lang.String compressableMimeTypes)
public java.lang.String[] findCompressableMimeTypes()
protected void addFilter(java.lang.String className)
className
- class name of the filterpublic void addRestrictedUserAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)
userAgent
- user-agent stringpublic void setRestrictedUserAgents(org.apache.regexp.RE[] restrictedUserAgents)
public void setRestrictedUserAgents(java.lang.String restrictedUserAgents)
public java.lang.String[] findRestrictedUserAgents()
public void setMaxKeepAliveRequests(int mkar)
public int getMaxKeepAliveRequests()
public void setMaxPostSize(int mps)
public int getMaxPostSize()
public void setSSLSupport(SSLSupport sslSupport)
public void setSocket(java.net.Socket socket) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public void setDisableUploadTimeout(boolean isDisabled)
public boolean getDisableUploadTimeout()
public void setSocketBuffer(int socketBuffer)
public int getSocketBuffer()
public void setTimeout(int timeouts)
public int getTimeout()
public Request getRequest()
public void process(java.io.InputStream input, java.io.OutputStream output) throws java.io.IOException
process
in interface Processor
input
- stream from which the HTTP requests will be readoutput
- stream which will be used to output the HTTP
responses
java.io.IOException
- error during an I/O operationpublic void action(ActionCode actionCode, java.lang.Object param)
action
in interface ActionHook
actionCode
- Type of the actionparam
- Action parameterpublic void setAdapter(Adapter adapter)
setAdapter
in interface Processor
adapter
- the new adapterpublic Adapter getAdapter()
getAdapter
in interface Processor
protected void prepareRequest()
public void parseHost(MessageBytes valueMB)
protected void prepareResponse()
protected void initializeFilters()
protected boolean addInputFilter(InputFilter[] inputFilters, java.lang.String encodingName)
protected int findBytes(ByteChunk bc, byte[] b)
protected boolean statusDropsConnection(int status)
|
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Duare.In
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Made in Kolkata for Kolkata
Service Area
Saltlake / New Town
Gariahat, Golpark, Jodhpur Park
Shyambazar


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--- layout: front header_text: > We employ synthetic biology and interdisciplinary bioengineering toward the design and development of next-generation, green chemical processes for the manufacture of cleaner fuels, superior medicines and novel materials. credo_main: आ नो भद्राः क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वतः credo_sub: > Let noble thoughts (and creative sparks) come to you from all directions credo_desc: > Innovation does not believe in academic borders. Neither do we! We use insights and methodologies from a variety of scientific and technological domains to meet our objectives. research:
The oil industry has provided society with great wealth and power, fuel and energy, and materials and medicines for over 150 years. No force has shaped human society quite like oil has. But then again, neither has any other industry had as deleterious an impact on the environment.
Carbon dioxide released by the combustion of oil products has turned the planet into a sweltering greenhouse. Oceans aWe specialise in the design and development of next-generation, green chemical processes for the manufacture of cleaner fuels, superior medicines and novel materials.re warming and glaciers are melting away, causing sea levels to rise, and if this trend persists, human settlements in low-lying coastal areas could soon be inundated with sea water.
A warming world also threatens to unleash infectious diseases like never before. Unfortunately, though, antibiotic resistance is on the rise. Some microorganisms have already developed resistance to multiple drugs, and fewer antimicrobial drugs are being approved for use each year.
test: test ---


I would just as soon ask "Why not?" The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series has been a favorite of mine for many years. I happened to find the full text online and decided to see what kind of interesting data I could pull from it.
Percentage of mentions of each character per book.
Slartibartfast
Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz
Random Dent
God
Hotblack Desiato
Fenchurch
The Guide
The Vogons
Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster
Infinite Improbability Drive
The Sirius Cybernetics Corporation
Krikkit
Fourty-Two
The Golgafrinchans


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A friend of mine just discovered crack about two months ago. His behavior was classic crack addict. He shifted from one circle of friends to another. 'Borrowed' money from everyone he new. He was convinced the he had mastered the art of the 'con', but he was really just trading on his good reputation. He only conned himself. We could tell that he no longer enjoyed talking to us; he spoke monosyllabically to us. He dreamt of dealing his way to fortune
We did what we could. We spent more time with him. We made it clear how we felt, but then we didn't talk about too much after that. But we still spent more time with him. We considered giving him a beating; As time went on, he saw the shit he was in and asked for a baseball bat to head, but it never came to that.
He stopped, but he considers himself an addict. He says it's the best feeling.
For myself, I don't like coke. I've snorted between 5 and 10 times, smoked once or twice. I decided that I really didn't like it about ten years ago. I've never bought it. The mental association that I have with coke is this: When I see that line of white powder offered to me, I think to myself 'If I snort that, in twenty minutes, I'll feel a little worse than I do right now.' Then I consider how I feel and I always decide that I feel OK, and that twenty minutes from now I would NOT like to feel a little worse.
Then I say 'No thank you'. It's a joke when my snorting friends offer me a line, they know I'll turn it down.
There's a transitory side effect, that it does make you feel great, but that's not a big deal for me. Been there, done that. I've felt great before, I'll feel great again and I feel fine right now.
Here something that my crack addict friend told me: The twenty minute crash is a lot worse for an addict than it is for someone who isn't. It dosen't go away and a lot of subsequent crack is just an attempt to stem the crash.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


- calculateTabHeight(int, int, int) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.design.JCustomTabbedPaneUI
-
- calculateTabWidth(int, int, FontMetrics) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.design.JCustomTabbedPaneUI
-
- centerSplitPanel - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
- changeActivityIcon() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.AdapterPanel
-
- changeDetailsBtn - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.SensorPanel
-
- chart - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
server responses chart
- CHART_COLOR - Static variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
chart line color
- CHART_MOVING_BASE - Static variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
chart moves every 60s
- chartSeries - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
chart series - used to update chart data
- checkConfigurationWhiteFields() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Checks if all needed configuration fields are set
- checkMemory() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
Calculates current memory usage and maximum memory offered by VM and
displays these information.
- checkMemory() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Calculates current memory usage and maximum memory offered by VM and
displays these information.
- checkPropertiesFile(InputStream, String) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.AddNewSensor
-
Checks if loaded properties file is correct.
- chooseLbl - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.AddNewSensor
-
- clearAllLogs() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Clears all logs text areas
- clearPrinterDoc() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
Clears print document
- clearPrinterDoc() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Clears print document
- COLUMN_COUNT - Static variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.AdapterDetailsPanel
-
number of columns for table
- com.smarthome.emulator - package com.smarthome.emulator
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.design - package com.smarthome.emulator.design
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.simulations - package com.smarthome.emulator.simulations
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis - package com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms - package com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels - package com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels
-
- com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.utilities - package com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.utilities
-
- completed() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.utilities.StyledDocumentPrinter.Worker
-
- configurationLbl - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- configurationPanel - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- configurationScroller - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- confPanel - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- connect() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Sensor
-
- connectBtn - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
- connectBtn - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- connection - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Server
-
server connection indicator
- contentPane - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.AddNewAdapter
-
GUI variables
- contentPane - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.AddNewSensor
-
GUI variables
- contentPane - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.ValueHistory
-
GUI variables
- createAdapterHeader(int) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Adapter
-
Creates ByteBuffer
, writes adapter's information to it according to adapter -> server protocol and returns it
to sensor.
- createChart(IntervalXYDataset, int, String) - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.ValueHistory
-
Creates and returns JFreeChart
with name
given as parameter
- createChart(XYDataset, Color) - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates new chart from given data set.
- createChartDataset() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates new dataset for server response cha
- createDataset(int) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.ValueHistory
-
- createDefaultModel() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.design.JLimitedTextField
-
- createDetailsTable() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.AdapterDetailsPanel
-
Creates new
DefaultTableModel
for
JDetailsTable
given as constructor parameter.
- createErrorTextArea() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates JTextPane
for "error log"
- createErrorTextAreaDocument() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates StyledDocument
for "error log"
- createGenerators() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates new generators
- createGeneratorsSeeds() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Determines, if there exists generators seeds, if not creates ones
- createHistoryPanel(int, String) - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.ValueHistory
-
Creates ChartPanel
with JFreeChart
with
with given name and adds this panel to main dialog panel.
- createLogger() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- createLogTextArea() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates JTextPane
for "log"
- createLogTextAreaDocument() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates StyledDocument
for "log"
- createModel() - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.ServerPanel
-
Creates new DefaultTableModel
and returns it.
- createPrintDocument() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
Creates document for print text area and assigns text styles to it ( regular
, bold
)
- createPrintDocument() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates document for print text area and assigns text styles to it ( regular
, bold
)
- createPrintTextArea() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
Creates not visible text area for print document
- createPrintTextArea() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates not visible text area for print document
- createPropertyTable() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.panels.SensorPanel
-
- createResponseChart() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates new ChartPanel
from JFreeChart
and
adds this panel to main panel
- createServerPanel() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creates
ServerPanel
and it's
table model for simulation
- createToBeSentTextArea() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates JTextPane
for "to be sent log"
- createToBeSentTextAreaDocument() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Logger
-
Creates StyledDocument
for "to be sent log"
- createUI(JComponent) - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.design.JCustomTabbedPaneUI
-
- createUIComponents() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.forms.AddNewAdapter
-
Components not included in Intellij Designer must be initialised here
- createUIComponents() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Creating own components before Intellij Designer generates the rest of components
- criticalErrorStop() - Method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.basis.Sensor
-
- current - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.utilities.StyledDocumentPrinter.Worker
-
Current print position.
- currentMem - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
- currentMem - Variable in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
- customFormat(String, double) - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.DetailedSimulation
-
Variable of type double returns as string in given format
- customFormat(String, double) - Static method in class com.smarthome.emulator.simulations.PerformanceSimulation
-
Variable of type double returns as string in given format


A BoundarySet is a group of geographic regions, like districts or wards.
The metadata fields of a BoundarySet are largely user-supplied strings.
| {{name}} | {{field.help_text}} {% if field.null %}(Optional.){% endif %} |
|---|
A Boundary is a single district. It is stored as a MultiPolygon internally, which means the district may be made up of multiple geographically disjoint parts. All coordinates are in the WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) spatial reference system.
The metadata fields of a Boundary are:
| {{name}} | {{field.help_text}} {% if field.null %}(Optional.){% endif %} |
|---|


Mapping Source
This structure represents the following mapping definition:
plannet.PlanNet-Organization maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition/us-core-organization: Qualification maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/vhdir/StructureDefinition/practitioner-qualification AvailableTime maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/vhdir/StructureDefinition/contactpoint-availabletime ViaIntermediary maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/vhdir/StructureDefinition/contactpoint-viaintermediary GeoLocation maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/geolocation Description maps to http://hl7.org/fhir/uv/vhdir/StructureDefinition/org-description constrain active to 1..1 constrain type to 1..* constrain name to 1..1 constrain telecom.system to 1..1 constrain telecom.value to 1..1 constrain contact.name.family to 1..1 constrain contact.name.given to 1..* constrain address.line to 0..4


Brain Inhibition Jeon Oncol. Oncotarget Osuka Psychiatry Ruda Schizophrenia Sturm Tianjin Wang Zhang activities antitumor autophagic border-color border-width clozapine disorder, dopamine epigenetic escitalopram findings incidence induces involved malignant primary progress research risk role significantly solid solid; survival target treat tumors, understanding used {font-style {font-weight (e.g., Biol. CLC- Drugs Escitalopram Foundation Grandy Grinshpoon Health Lewis Liu Science Shen Wnt/β-catenin a). adolescents adolescents, bold cancer, cells, cells. children, chloride common courier; culture demonstrated drugs. effective em; factor forms genetic glioblastoma. gliomas highly induce migration molecular novel observed overcome oxalate oxalate, pregnant proven pt;} range recent receptors regulation remain reported representative response study successfully therapy


{{ define "title" }} Tutorial {{ end }} {{ define "content" }}
Welcome to the short introductory tutorial to Kvik. If you have any questions as you go through the tutorial, please leave a comment in the Issues-section of the repository on Github.
The first thing you want to do when you're starting the data exploration in Kvik is opening up the Browser. Head back to the home page and click "Start" or click on "Browser" up in the navbar.
Now that you've opened up the Browser you get a list of pathways on the left and genes on the right. You can scroll through both of the lists and find the gene or pathway you're interested in having a look at. Let us have a look at the renin-angiotesin pathway. Find it on the list, and click Select. The image below shows a visualization of the renin-angiotesin pathway we selected.
Now that we have found a pathway that we want to look at we can start to learn more about the genes and compounds in the pathway. In the pathway map, Kvik has colored the genes that are significantly differentially expressed between the two groups of women from Olsen et al. 2013. We have chosen to only color the nodes that are significant on the 5% level, but if we chose a different threshold more genes would be colored. If we click on the CPA3-gene we open up a different view for more detailed information about the gene. We find its associated p-value and fold-change, as well as similar pathways where this gene can be found. The pathways have a small bar to its right that indicate how "similar" they are compared to the renin-angiotosin pathway we are looking at. The level of similarity is just the number of common genes. We can click on "More information" to reveal more information from the KEGG database. We can zoom on on the pathway map by scolling in on the mouse, and pan around by clicking outside the pathway map and dragging it. Due to a limitation with the graph library we are using it is not possible to click and drag on the pathway image itself. If we want to look at different pathways, we can either select one from the pathway visualization (e.g. the Complement and coagulation cascades node in the bottom left of the pathway map) or select one from the list of similar pathway when we selected a gene. We can also go back to the browser page to select one from the list.
If we go back to the Browser page we can select interesting genes we want to look at. This list only contains genes that Kvik has fold change and p-values available. The list is sorted alphabetically and a bar on the right indicates the p-value. We can click on the ADIPOR1 gene to view more details about this gene. Below is a screenshot of the information Kvik found about the gene. This view is similar to the adjacent view when we are exploring pathways. We can view more information or browse to the pathways where the gene is found, e.g. the Adipocytokine signaling pathway.


Deriving Machine Learning Cost Functions using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) - Part I
Motivation
In supervised machine learning, cost functions are used to measure a trained model’s performance. The most commonly used cost function for regression is the Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Cross Entropy for binary classification problems. For many people, the reasons for choosing these cost functions are not at all clear.
The purpose of this two-part article is to shed some light on the choice of these cost functions by deriving them using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Part I will focus on deriving MSE while Part II will focus on deriving Cross Entropy.
Background
Given a training set of $n$ examples $(x^{(1)}, y^{(1)}), (x^{(2)}, y^{(2)}), \cdots (x^{(n)}, y^{(n)})$ where $x^{(i)}$ is the feature vector for the $i^{th}$ training example and $y^{(i)}$ is its target, the goal of supervised learning is to learn a model $f: \mathcal{X} \to \mathcal{Y}$, a mapping that given $x \in \mathcal{X}$ outputs a prediction $\hat y \in \mathcal{Y}$. $\mathcal X$ and $\mathcal Y$ are called the input space and output space respectively.
In order to measure how well the model fits our training data, we define a loss function. For training example $(x^{(i)}, y^{(i)})$, the loss $\mathcal{L(y^{(i)}, \hat y^{(i)})}$ measures how different the model’s prediction $\hat y^{(i)}$ is from the true label or value. The loss is calculated for all training examples, and its average taken. This value is called the cost function and is given by:
$$ \tag{1} \begin{aligned} Cost = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\mathcal{L} \bigg( y^{(i)}, \hat y^{(i)} \bigg) \end{aligned} $$
The model $f$ usually has some unknown parameter $\theta$ (In general, $\theta$ is a vector of parameters) which we will try to estimate using the training set. We can frame supervised learning as an optimisation problem - that is, we estimate the value of $\theta$ by picking the value that minimises the cost function we chose for our problem. Let us call this parameter estimate $\hat \theta$.
$$ \tag{2} \begin{aligned} \hat \theta = \underset{\theta}{\operatorname{arg\,min}} \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\mathcal{L}\bigg(y^{(i)}, \hat y^{(i)}\bigg) \end{aligned} $$
What is Maximum Likelihood Estimation?
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the unknown parameter $\theta$ of a model, given observed data. It estimates the model parameter by finding the parameter value that maximises the likelihood function. The parameter estimate is called the maximum likelihood estimate $\hat{\theta}_{MLE}$.
Likelihood Function
Given a set of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d)1 random variables $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$ from a probability distribution $P_\theta$ with parameter $\theta$. We assume the random variables have a joint probability density function (or joint probability mass function in the case of discrete variables)2 $f(x_1, x_2,\cdots, x_n|\theta)$. Suppose $x_1, x_2,\cdots, x_n$ are the observed values of the random variables, we define the likelihood function, a function of parameter $\theta$ as:
$$ \tag{3} \begin{aligned} \mathcal{L}(\theta | x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n) = f(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n|\theta) \end{aligned} $$
The likelihood function measures how plausible it is that the observed data was generated by the model with a particular value of $\theta$. For example, if we use $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ as values of $\theta$ and find that $\mathcal{L(\theta_1 | x_1, \cdots, x_n)}$ > $\mathcal{L(\theta_2 | x_1, \cdots, x_n)}$, we can reasonably conclude that the observed data is more likely to have been generated by the model with its parameter being $\theta_1$.
Remember that we assumed that the observed data $x_1, x_2,\cdots, x_n$ were drawn i.i.d from the probability distribution. Also recall that for independent random variables $X_1$ and $X_2$, $f(x_1,x_2|\theta) = f(x_1|\theta) \cdot f(x_2|\theta)$. Considering these, our likelihood function in equation (3) becomes:
$$ \tag{4} \begin{aligned} \mathcal{L(\theta | x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n)} & = f(x_1|\theta)\cdot f(x_2|\theta)\cdots\cdot f(x_n|\theta) \\ & = \prod_{i=1}^n f(x_i|\theta) \end{aligned} $$
where $f(x_i|\theta)$ is the probability density (or mass for discrete variables) function of the random variable $X_i$. Since all the random variables are drawn from the same distribution, their probability density (or mass) function will be the same.
It is often easier to work with the natural logarithm of the likelihood function, called the log-likelihood. Recalling the product rule of logarithms, $log(a \cdot b) = log(a) + log(b)$. If we apply the product rule to equation (4) by taking its natural logarithm, it becomes:
$$ \tag{5} \begin{aligned} \log \bigg(\mathcal{L(\theta | x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n)}\bigg) & = \log \bigg( f(x_1|\theta)\cdot f(x_2|\theta)\cdots\cdot f(x_n|\theta) \bigg) \\ & = \log(f(x_1|\theta)) + \log(f(x_2|\theta)) + \cdots + \log (f(x_n|\theta)) \\ & = \sum_{i=1}^n \log \bigg(f(x_i|\theta) \bigg) \end{aligned} $$
To find the value of $\theta$ that maximises the likelihood function, we find its critical point, the point at which the function’s derivative is $0$. That is:
$$ \tag{6} \begin{aligned} \frac{\partial \mathcal{L(\theta)}}{\partial \theta} = 0 \end{aligned} $$
In most cases, this derivative is easier to compute for the log-likelihood function in equation (5) than for the vanilla likelihood function in equation «a class=”link” id=”4”>(4)</a>. Since logarithm is a monotononically increasing function, that is, if $x_1 > x_2$, then $\log(x_1) > log(x_2)$, the value that maximises the likelihood is also the value that maximises the log-likelihood function.
The other advantage of using log-likehood over likelihood is that it avoids numerical precision issues. Likelihoods are very small numbers, and taking the product of small numbers creates even smaller numbers, which can cause arithmetic underflow.
In other words,
$$ \tag{7} \begin{aligned} \hat{\theta}_{MLE} = \underset{\theta}{\operatorname{arg\,max}}\ \mathcal L(\theta\,| x_1, \cdots, x_n) = \underset{\theta}{\operatorname{arg\,max}}\ \log (\mathcal L(\theta\,| x_1, \cdots, x_n)) \end{aligned} $$
Deriving Mean Squared Error(MSE) using MLE
Mean Squared Error is the cost function commonly used for regression. Given a set of $n$ traning examples of the form $(x^{(i)}, y^{(i)})$, MSE is given by:
$$ \tag{8} \begin{aligned} MSE = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n\bigg(y^{(i)} - \hat y^{(i)}\bigg)^2 \end{aligned} $$
where $x^{(i)}$ is the feature vector, $y^{(i)}$ is the true output value, and $\hat y^{(i)}$ is the regression model’s prediction for the $i^{th}$ training example.
In this section, we will derive MSE using maximum likelihood estimation.
Regression Model
Given a vector of predictor variables $X = (X_1, X_2, \cdots X_p)$, and quantitative outcome variable $Y$, linear regression assumes that there is a linear relationship between the population mean of the outcome and the predictor variables. This relationship can be expressed by:
$$ \tag{9} \begin{aligned} \mathbb{E}(Y|X) = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \cdots + \beta_p X_p \end{aligned} $$
$\mathbb{E}(Y|X)$ measures the population mean of $Y$ given a particular value of $X$ and it is often called the true regression line. Now, our observed data will not lie exactly on this true regression line. They will be spread about the true regression line. For example, if we are trying to predict height from age of a population, we will find that people of the same age will have different heights. Each person's height will differ from the population mean $\mathbb{E}(Y|X)$ by a certain amount. We represent this mathematically as:
$$ \tag{10} \begin{aligned} Y & = \mathbb{E}(Y|X) + \epsilon \\ & = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_1 + \cdots + \beta_p X_p + \epsilon \end{aligned} $$
The spread about the true regression line is what the $\epsilon$ term captures. We assume it is independent of $X$ and is drawn from a Normal distribution with zero mean ($\mu$ = 0) and variance $\sigma^2$, i.e. $\epsilon \sim \mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^2)$.
Estimating linear regression’s model parameters
The true regression line and its model parameters $\beta_0, \beta_1, \cdots \beta_p$ in equation (10) are unknown, so we will try to estimate them using training data $(x^{(1)}, y^{(1)}), (x^{(2)}, y^{(2)}), \cdots (x^{(n)}, y^{(n)})$, where $x^{(i)}$ is a vector of $p$ predictor variables $(x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_p)$ and $y^{(i)}$ is the target value. Our model (the estimate of the true regression line) is:
$$ \tag{11} \begin{aligned} y^{(i)} & = \beta_0 + \beta_1 x^{(i)}_1 + \cdots + \beta_p x^{(i)}_p + \epsilon \\ & = \beta^\intercal x^{(i)} + \epsilon \\ & = \hat y^{(i)} + \epsilon \end{aligned} $$
You will notice that $\hat y^{(i)}$ in equation (11) is the estimate of $\mathbb{E}(Y|X)$ in equation (10). The $\epsilon$ term is called the residual and it measures the difference between the observed value $y^{(i)}$ and the predicted value $\hat y^{(i)}$ from the regression equation.
Estimating $\beta_0, \beta_1, \cdots \beta_p$ using the training data is an optimisation problem that we can solve using MLE by defining a likelihood function. Since $\epsilon$ is normally distributed $\epsilon \sim \mathcal{N}(0, \sigma^2)$, our outcome variable $y$ will also be normally distributed. So, $y \sim \mathcal{N}(\beta^\intercal x, \sigma^2)$ The probability density function of the normal distribution (parameterised by $\mu$: mean, and $\sigma^2$: variance) is given by:
$$ \tag{12} \begin{aligned} f(y \mid \color{red}\mu, \color{black}\sigma^2) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2} } e^{ -\frac{(y-\color{red}\mu\color{black})^2}{2\sigma^2} } \end{aligned} $$
Therefore, if we replace the parameter $\mu$ with the mean of $y$, we get:
$$ \tag{13} \begin{aligned} f(y \mid \color{red}\beta^\intercal x \color{black}, \sigma^2) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2} } e^{ -\frac{(y-\color{red}\beta^\intercal x\color{black})^2}{2\sigma^2} } \end{aligned} $$
The log-likelihood function will then be:
$$ \tag{14} \begin{aligned} \log \bigg(\mathcal{L(\beta | x^{(1)}, x^{(2)}, \cdots, x^{(n)})}\bigg) & = \sum_{i=1}^n \log \bigg( \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2} } e^{ -\frac{(y-\beta^\intercal x^{(i)})^2}{2\sigma^2} } \bigg) \\ & = n \log \bigg( \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2} } \bigg) - \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{(y-\beta^\intercal x^{(i)})^2}{2\sigma^2} \end{aligned} $$
Since we need to take the derivative of log-likehood function with respect to $\beta$ to find the maximum likehood estimate of $\beta$, we can remove all the terms that do not contain our parameter $\beta$ as they do not have any effect on our optimisation 3, so our equation becomes:
$$ \tag{15} \begin{aligned} \log \bigg(\mathcal{L(\beta | x^{(1)}, x^{(2)}, \cdots, x^{(n)})}\bigg) & = - \sum_{i=1}^n (y-\beta^\intercal x^{(i)})^2 \\ & = - \sum_{i=1}^n (y-\hat y^{(i)})^2 \end{aligned} $$
The value of $\beta$ that maximises equation (15) is the maximum likelihood estimate $\hat \beta_{MSE}$. That is,
$$ \tag{16} \begin{aligned} \hat \beta_{MSE} = \underset{\beta}{\operatorname{arg\,max}} \bigg[ -\sum_{i=1}^n(y-\hat y^{(i)})^2 \bigg] \end{aligned} $$
Recall that maximising a function is the same as minimising its negative, so we can rewrite equation (16) as
$$ \tag{17} \begin{aligned} \hat \beta_{MSE} & = \underset{\beta}{\operatorname{arg\,max}} \bigg[ -\sum_{i=1}^n(y-\hat y^{(i)})^2 \bigg] \\ & = \underset{\beta}{\operatorname{arg\,min}} \color{red}\sum_{i=1}^n(y-\hat y^{(i)})^2 \end{aligned} $$
Taking the average across all $n$ training examples, we get:
$$ \tag{18} \begin{aligned} \hat \beta_{MSE} = \underset{\beta}{\operatorname{arg\,min}} \color{red} \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^n(y-\hat y^{(i)})^2 \end{aligned} $$
which is exactly the mean squared error (MSE) cost function as defined in equation (8).
Conclusion
This article introduced the concept of maximum likehood estimation, likehood function, and showed the derivation of mean squared error (MSE). The second part will cover the derivation of cross entropy using maximum likelihood estimation.
Footnotes
-
A set of random variables $X_1, X_2, \cdots, X_n$ are said to be independent and identically distributed if they have the same probability distribution and are mutually independent. Wikipedia Article ↩
-
This note from the Introduction to Probability and Statistics class on MIT OpenCourseWare explains joint probability mass and density functions clearly. ↩
-
The terms without the parameter $\beta$ are regarded as constants in the log-likelihood function, and differentiating a constant gives us zero. ↩


UTC -6. Summer time UTC -5 May to August.
Voltage: 120 V
Frequency: 60 Hz
Quetzal of 100 centavos.
November 2011: There has been an increase in the cloning of credit/debit cards used in ATMs in Antigua and Guatemala City.
Guatemala's international calling code is +502.
A pre-paid calling card is required to use a public pay phone.
Mobile phone coverage is good.
WiFi internet access for laptops is also available nation-wide. Telefonica has good coverage with their PCMCIA EV-DO cards.
All of the Camperos chicken/pizza restaurants offer free WiFi.
Northwest Caribbean Net, 1400 UTC 6209 USB, alternates 6212 and 6516, 7 days/wk. Generally covers Providencia north to Mexico on the Carib side, including Providencia, San Andreas, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica and the Caymans. They often follow boats all the way home to Key West through Galveston on the US coast, and sometimes boats heading south will continue to check in down to Panama, but not often.
Emergencies: 110 (Police)
Fire Service : 122 or 123
Medical emergency services - Dial 911.
IMRAY AND ADLARD COLES PILOT BOOKS are available at a discounted price for Noonsite.com users via World Cruising Club
Explore Central America - Part 1
Published January 2007 (13th ed. Aug. 2011, continually updated)
This is an e-book available from www.sailsarana.com/guide
The most comprehensive guides ever written about cruising the Pacific coast of
Central America from Mexico to the Panama Canal. In a two part set, these books
provide over 325 GPS waypoints, over 112 charts and city maps, detailed weather
descriptions, forecasting information and surfing locations. These books highlight dozens of anchorages not in other books and tons of local information that sailors care about. Also included are detailed procedures for clearing into and out of the Central American countries as well as Ecuador, the Galapagos and Mexico.
Cruising Ports:The Central American Route
By Pat Rains
Published by Point Loma Publishing (6.5 edition (March 31, 2011)
ISBN 13:<PHONE_NUMBER>027
See www.MexicoBoating.com for further details.
This book covers Pacific Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Pacific Panama) plus Mexico’s Gulf Coast to Veracruz, then NW Yucatan, NW Cuba, Yucatan Channel, Belize, Rio Dulce, Honduras and the Bay Islands, the Western Caribbean islands & banks, Panama’s Caribbean cruising grounds. This book culminates in Panama Canal Transit.
Cruising Guide to Belize and Mexico's Caribbean Coast including Guatemala's Rio Dulce
By Captain Freya Rauscher
Publisher: Windmill Hill Books; 3rd edition (2007)
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>314
This guide - completely updated in 2007 - provides detailed piloting information for navigating from Mexico's Isla Mujeres and Cozumel to Belize and Guatemala's Rio Dulce, including the many offshore cays and reefs. GPS waypoints locate all harbor entrances and anchorages, complete with 117 original sketch charts, 185 photos featuring 16-pages of color photographs, many aerials and two large folded charts showing the entire area.
Guatemala Information Website - Rio Dulce Section
www.mayaparadise.com
Useful information on cruising Guatemala
www.saltysailors.com
Web Cruising Guide (2011) in French for Rio Dulce
By cruiser Lilia Hartmann
www.amelcaramel.net
Mayan Families
A small non-profit organization operating in the Highlands of Guatemala. If travelling inland, volunteers with skills are always needed.
http://www.mayanfamilies.org/Home
Online News Magazine for the Rio Dulce
http://riodulcechisme.com/


Robert Talbert, Grand Valley State University
Twitter: @RobertTalbert / Google+: +RobertTalbert
Lenoir-Rhyne University, 9 January 2015
Part 1: The Why
Part 2a: The How -- some ideas
Part 2b: The How -- case studies
Part 3: Open question time
Please get into groups of 3--4 and make sure everyone in the group knows each other.
For each of the questions, think about the question and possible answers; discuss your answers in the group, and then we'll share responses with the whole group.
Students in "interactive engagement" sections of intro physics show 2 standard deviation improvement in learning gains over students in standard lecture courses (Hake, 1998)
Large-scale study of Inquiry-Based Learning in mathematics showed statistically significant gains across a variety of learning measures (Laursen et al., 2011)
Several studies on peer instruction indicate signficant improvements in conceptual mastery, problem solving, gender gap (Crouch and Mazur, 2001)
The human ability to learn
The dignity of the person
The need for relationships
Flipped Learning is a pedagogical approach in which direct instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space, and the resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter.
http://www.flippedlearning.org/definition
The Inverted Classroom Wiki: https://invertedclassroom.wikispaces.com/
Prior to class: Structured reading/viewing activities on new concepts -- play, and ask/answer questions
Arrival at class: Deal with questions that cropped up
During class: Application, analysis, creativity problems
Team Based Learning: 12-minute video with examples from law, social sciences, and others: http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ctl/largeclasses/#tbl
POGIL: Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (https://pogil.org/)
Service learning
Pre-class question gathering (like this)
Student mini-presentations
Think/pair/share
Exit cards
Poster presentations
Here are some scenarios of instruction. For each one, think about the situation and how instruction might be made more student-centered; discuss your ideas in the group, and then we'll share responses with the whole group.
Prof. A teaches a lecture course that is one of the largest on campus. In an effort to get students more involved in the lecture, Prof. A splits each 50-minute lecture up into three 10-minute segments followed by a question, asked by Prof. A to the whole class, with 5 minutes of time for Q&A. This is what Prof. A understands to be "interactive lecture". However, students rarely respond to the questions; the students who do respond tend to be the same ones all the time, and not always with intelligent answers. The majority of the students don't interact, and tune out when the question time comes.
Prof. B teaches a course that contains a massive amount of material to cover, and it's a prerequisite course for a number of other courses in the major. Prof. B would like to get students more involved in the class meetings, but with the amount of material to cover and with the high stakes of not covering it all, Prof. B is at a loss -- it seems like straight lecture is the only thing that works.
Prof. C teaches a course, and Prof. C has made a real effort to include group work in the class meetings. Prof. C occasionally breaks from lecture and gives problems pertaining to the course material to students, puts the students in groups, and asks them to work out the problems. The problem is that students don't usually engage with the process. Many of them have their laptops, tablets, and smartphones with them and "use" the group work time to surf the internet or text. Few groups seem to really put forth an effort. Prof. C could go back to lecturing but would rather see the group work succeed.
Robert Talbert, Associate Professor of Mathematics
Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan USA
Twitter: @RobertTalbert
Google+: +RobertTalbert
Blog: http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/castingoutnines
Presentation: roberttalbert.github.io/lenoirrhyne


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WikiCommons2AFrame
Create 360 Degree Image for Aframe
This file contains all support tools for WikiCommons2AFrame as learning resources for AppLSAC in Wikiversity.
To learn about the web-based 360 degree image and other 3D modelling features of AFrame explore the demo page of AFrame Demos.
These support tools are based on the WebVR library AFrame.
You can download the WikiCommons2AFrame Tools from GitHub and run the tools offline completely in your browser as AppLSAC
If you unzip the ZIP-File load the standard HTML-file /docs/index.html in your browser and you can use the tools similar to this online version. In fact you see this file index.html currently in your browser.
To explore the content of this file you can explore the content of all files in the repository on GitHub with the link https://www.github.com/niebert/WikiCommons2AFrame.


Each slice represents a chromosome in the readset. The thickness of the slice is proportional to the coverage of that chromosome. The angle width is proportional to the length of the chromosome.


I am an outgoing introvert. My main concern and obsession lie in creating thing, and the fusion of computational and physical world.
Here is a list of skills that I have developed. Including some of my hobbies and informal training.
This is an incomplete collection of my previous works, conferences that I have attended. Due to my habbit of undocumenting my works, many of them have been either lost or forgotten.
Dream Project Incubator is a program setup by MIT PhDs and PhD candidates along with Boston Global Forum. It aims to transform ambitious, self-driven young Vietnamese into better thinkers and doers via intellectual engagement and mentorship.
I was awarded a 3 months stay in Boston, and the chances to meet and confer with top minds from MIT and Havard University.
Each year members of the more than 1,000 worldwide Fab Labs gather to share, collaborate, explore and, of course, fabricate.
In August 2016 FAB12 was organized in Shenzhen, China a historically important city for manufacturing and making. FabLab Vietnam Foundation (which I am a founding member) have been awarded with a $1,200 scholarship for 8 participant.


Generation of boundary conditions based on springs¶
-
class
model.boundary_cond.spring_bound_cond.
ElasticFoundation
(wModulus, cRoz)¶ Bases:
object
Region resting on springs (Winkler elastic foundation)
Variables: - wModulus – Winkler modulus of the foundation (springs in Z direction)
- cRoz – fraction of the Winkler modulus to apply for friction in the contact plane (springs in X, Y directions)
-
calcPressures
()¶ Foundation pressures over the soil. Calculates pressures and forces in the free nodes of the springs (those that belongs to both the spring and the foundation) and stores these values as properties of those nodes: property ‘soilPressure:’ [xStress,yStress,zStress] property ‘soilReaction:’ [xForce,yForce,zForce]
-
createMaterials
(preprocessor, name)¶
-
displayPressures
(defDisplay, caption, fUnitConv, unitDescription)¶ Display foundation pressures.
-
generateSprings
(xcSet)¶ Creates the springs at the nodes.
-
getCentroid
()¶ Returns the geometric baricenter of the springs.
-
class
model.boundary_cond.spring_bound_cond.
SpringBC
(name, modelSpace, Kx=0, Ky=0, Kz=0)¶ Bases:
object
Spring to be used as boundary condition
Variables: - name – name
- modelSpace – model space
- Kx – spring stiffness in X direction (defaults to 0 -> free)
- Ky – spring stiffness in Y direction (defaults to 0 -> free)
- Kz – spring stiffness in Z direction (defaults to 0 -> free)
-
applyOnNodesIn3Dpos
(lst3DPos)¶ create springs in the nearest nodes to the coordinates in the list of 3D positions given as parameter
-
applyOnNodesInSet
(setEnt)¶ create springs in all the nodes included in the set of entities given as parameter
-
applyOnNodesLst
(Nodelist)¶ create spring boundary conditions in the nodes included in the list of nodes passed as parameter.
-
applyOnPointsInSet
(setEnt)¶ create springs in all the points included in the set of entities given as parameter
-
createSpringMaterials
()¶ create the spring materials in X, Y, Z directions. If there is no spring in any of these directions, its corresponding material is equal to None


In the JavaScript language, describe all the use cases for each of:
parentheses ()
Parentheses have many applications in Javascript. For example, in if statements, for loops, and switch functions. Most commonly, its they are used as a parameter to a function, and identify which part of the function is to perform the operation. In javascript, the parameter is also often refered to as the argument, as in whats inside the paretheses.
Some examples of using parantheses would be
function doSomething (parameter){
}
function doSomething ( ){
}
you must always include parenthesis otherwise the function won't work, even if you leave it empty, you need the parentheses.
defining a for loop:
(var i = 0; i < whatever.length; i++)
or grouping other elements or properties together
('string') + (4 * 2))
brackets []
Square brackets are used mostly to create and access elements of an array. They're also used to define, combine or access the properties of an Object, and also used in a for Loop to find the right index starting point.
for (var i = 0; i < something.length; i++) {
somthing[i].somethingElse = anotherSomething(something[i]);
Braces {}
Braces are needed for a function to be executed, if you miss braces when writing a function, this will in turn be completely missed by Javascript and never executed as a function, it will simply be an error. I.e
function myCoolFunction () {
anything inside these curly braces are part of this function
}
single quotes ' ' double quotes " "
Single or double quotes main purpose is to define strings. Javascript can read both double and single quotes as the same, however, if you are using them with a string that contains quote punctuation within it, then you need to use double quotes:
example "you can't do this without double quotes"
because if it were 'you can't do this wihtout double quotes' the computer would read the can't quote as the end!


--- date: 2010-05-21T00:00:00Z published: true title: “There is nowhere to put them.” So killing them is the easier and Democrat preferred option? url: /2010/05/21/-there-is-nowhere-to-put-them-so-killing-them-is-the-easier-and-democrat-preferred-option-/ ---
Killing wanted militants is simply “easier” than capturing them, said an official, who like most interviewed for this story support the stepped-up program and asked not to be identified. Another official added: “It is increasingly the preferred option.” …
If you cannot capture somebody OR try them and keep them off the street/battlefield - the net result during warfare is that they get killed.
Which option allows you to correct mistakes? Bush's. (You can't correct it when they've been vaporized.)
Which option follows more of the rule of law? Bush's. (Detention with eventual trial is WAY better than BOOM. Even with all of the procedural issues around Guantanamo - you can't say that Predator drone strikes are more lawful.)
Don't get me wrong, there are people that simply need to be killed - but you can't say that Obama's drone superhighway is the better, more lawful, more human option.


--- layout: post title: Halloween usability date: 2005-10-31 00:00:00 categories: amusing interfaces-&-interaction ---
Halloween usability cartoon. No, really.


The Tome of Mastering is a brainstorming assistant for Dungeon Masters. It provides a list of things and their relationships. Conflicts and alliances will emerge and bystanders fate will be left to the butterfly effect. Have fun and let your imagination roam free!
The Tome of Mastering is meant to be used as an addon to existing resources. It does not contain any rules, stats or lore.


Share this link with normal participants: {{gameLink}}
Share this link with participants that should also be able to manage: {{managerLink}}


Boiling temperature is 212o Fahrenheit; 100o in Celsius.
Let's design and implement a GUI application that converts a temperature expressed in Fahrenheit into Celsius. As usual, there are three parts to the design:
Let us first look at the application methods. The formula for converting fahrenheit into Celsius is this:
celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9
This is algebra, not Java. Although the algebra looks much like Java some more design decisions are needed.


Confirmation notifies the acknowledgment or negative acknowledgement of a publishing identified by its delivery tag. Use NotifyPublish on the Channel to consume these events.
--
ROGER NOTE: As streadway/amqp.Confirmation, but with additional data on whether this confirmation was received directly from the broker, or created to fill in a gap in delivery tags that occurred due to an unexpected disconnection.
type Confirmation struct { // The original confirmation message, embedded in our struct so it can act as a // drop-in replacement streadway.Confirmation // When DisconnectOrphan value is true, this confirmation was never received due to // a connection disruption, and is being reported as a NACK. However, it is possible // that this message DID successfully reach the server, and only the confirmation // response was never received. DisconnectOrphan bool }
Delivery captures the fields for a previously delivered message resident in a queue to be delivered by the server to a consumer from Channel.Consume or Channel.Get.
--
ROGER NOTE: As streadway/amqp.Delivery, but with additional data specifying the tag offset that was applied to this delivery to create a continuous, non-doubled delivery tags across disconnect.
type Delivery struct { // The original delivery from the underlying channel, embedded in our struct so it // can act as a drop-in replacement streadway.Delivery // TagOffset is the offset applied to our Delivery tag to create a continuous stream // of delivery tag values across disconnects. TagOffset uint64 }
func NewDelivery( orig streadway.Delivery, acknowledger streadway.Acknowledger, ) Delivery
NewDelivery created a new Delivery object from an original source streadway.Delivery value plus our new Acknowledger.


| National Report | |
|---|---|
| Geographical areas | |
|
No countries or regions selected
|
| All questions and/or sections of the report | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{::section.title}} | ||||
| Survey Question {{::question.number}}. Question {{::question.number}}. | {{::question.title}} | |||


What's your server's playstyle?
Add Caves
This requires running multiple servers at the same time.Is your computer up to the task?


public class ServiceRecord
extends totalcross.lang.Object
ServiceRecord
class describes characteristics of a Bluetooth
service. A ServiceRecord
contains a set of service attributes, where
each service attribute is an (ID, value) pair. A Bluetooth attribute
ID is a 16-bit unsigned integer, and an attribute value is a
DataElement
.
The structure and use of service records is specified by the Bluetooth specification in the Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) document. Most of the Bluetooth Profile specifications also describe the structure of the service records used by the Bluetooth services that conform to the profile.
An SDP Server maintains a Service Discovery Database (SDDB) of service records that describe the services on the local device. Remote SDP clients can use the SDP to query an SDP server for any service records of interest. A service record provides sufficient information to allow an SDP client to connect to the Bluetooth service on the SDP server's device.
ServiceRecords
are made available to a client application via an argument
of the DiscoveryListener.servicesDiscovered(int, totalcross.io.device.bluetooth.ServiceRecord[])
method
of the DiscoveryListener
interface.
ServiceRecords
are available to server applications via the method
totalcross.io.device.bluetooth.LocalDevice#getRecord(totalcross.io.Connection)
.
There might be many service attributes in a service record, and the SDP
protocol makes it possible to specify the subset of the service
attributes that an SDP client wants to retrieve from a remote service
record. The ServiceRecord
interface treats certain service attribute
IDs as default IDs, and, if present, these service attributes are
automatically retrieved during service searches.
The Bluetooth Assigned Numbers document ( http://www.bluetooth.org/assigned-numbers/sdp.htm) defines a large number of service attribute IDs. Here is a subset of the most common service attribute IDs and their types.
| Attribute Name | Attribute ID | Attribute Value Type |
|---|---|---|
| ServiceRecordHandle | 0x0000 | 32-bit unsigned integer |
| ServiceClassIDList | 0x0001 | DATSEQ of UUIDs |
| ServiceRecordState | 0x0002 | 32-bit unsigned integer |
| ServiceID | 0x0003 | UUID |
| ProtocolDescriptorList | 0x0004 | DATSEQ of DATSEQ of UUID and optional parameters |
| BrowseGroupList | 0x0005 | DATSEQ of UUIDs |
| LanguageBasedAttributeIDList | 0x0006 | DATSEQ of DATSEQ triples |
| ServiceInfoTimeToLive | 0x0007 | 32-bit unsigned integer |
| ServiceAvailability | 0x0008 | 8-bit unsigned integer |
| BluetoothProfileDescriptorList | 0x0009 | DATSEQ of DATSEQ pairs |
| DocumentationURL | 0x000A | URL |
| ClientExecutableURL | 0x000B | URL |
| IconURL | 0x000C | URL |
| VersionNumberList | 0x0200 | DATSEQ of 16-bit unsigned integers |
| ServiceDatabaseState | 0x0201 | 32-bit unsigned integer |
The following table lists the common string-valued attribute ID offsets used in a
ServiceRecord
. These offsets must be added to a base value to obtain the actual
service ID. (For more information, see the Service Discovery Protocol Specification
located in the Bluetooth Core Specification.
| Attribute Name | Attribute ID Offset | Attribute Value Type |
|---|---|---|
| ServiceName | 0x0000 | String |
| ServiceDescription | 0x0001 | String |
| ProviderName | 0x0002 | String |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
AUTHENTICATE_ENCRYPT
Authentication and encryption are required for connections to this service.
|
static int |
AUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
Authentication is required for connections to this service, but not encryption.
|
static int |
NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
Authentication and encryption are not needed on a connection to this service.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
DataElement |
getAttributeValue(int attrID)
Returns the value of the service attribute ID provided it is present in the service record, otherwise this method
returns null.
|
String |
getConnectionURL()
Returns a string including optional parameters that can be used by a client to connect to the service described by
this ServiceRecord.
|
String |
getConnectionURL(int requiredSecurity,
boolean mustBeMaster)
Returns a totalcross.lang.String including optional parameters that can be used by a client to connect to the service described by
this ServiceRecord.
|
RemoteDevice |
getHostDevice()
Returns the remote Bluetooth device that populated the service record with attribute values.
|
public static final int NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
getConnectionURL()
method.
NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
is set to the constant value 0x00 (0).
public static final int AUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
getConnectionURL()
method.
AUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT
is set to the constant value 0x01 (1).
public static final int AUTHENTICATE_ENCRYPT
getConnectionURL()
method.
AUTHENTICATE_ENCRYPT
is set to the constant value 0x02 (2).
public RemoteDevice getHostDevice()
public DataElement getAttributeValue(int attrID)
attrID
- the attribute whose value is to be returnedtotalcross.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if attrID is negative or greater than or equal to 216public String getConnectionURL()
public String getConnectionURL(int requiredSecurity, boolean mustBeMaster)
requiredSecurity
- determines whether authentication or encryption are required for a connectionmustBeMaster
- true indicates that this device must play the role of master in connections to this service; false
indicates that the local device is willing to be either the master or the slavetotalcross.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if requiredSecurity is not one of the constants NOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT, AUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT, or
AUTHENTICATE_ENCRYPTNOAUTHENTICATE_NOENCRYPT


Disclaimer: This application was produced while passing subject Computer art@FIT VUT and certain elements of application were designed by the authors of previous implementations of similar tools.
Online demo: https://romop5.github.io/QuantitizeThemAll/index.html
All of these patterns can be achieved in a few clicks on generate & mutate buttons and a few experiments with generator parameters.
This is a simple playground tool to help artist with findind interesting composite functions, that produce interesting output pictures. Tool provides simple L-system grammar for randomly generating function expressions. In addition, each expression can be mutated to produce a variation of currently previewed image. Many image patterns and variations are already available using presets.
Function quantitization is a technique in which output color of each pixel is determined by evaluating given function and taking the pixel’s position in UV coordinates as input to such function.
In such case, the screen’s center has UV coordinates (0,0), top-left corner has (-1,1), top-right (1,1), bottom-right (1,-1), a bottom-left (-1,-1). The output pixel of center of screen will thus depends on function value at (0,0).
Moreover, after evaluating the function value, a certain mapping has to be applied to convert in theory whole range of real values, produced by function, to a color.
A common approach is to expect normalized output of the function between 0 and 1 and then simply linearly interpolate between two colours.
The application is split into two main parts - preview (left) and input parameters (right). The preview image shows an evaluation of the currently written function within context of parameters.
Parameters consist of function expression, parameters for generating a new function, and pre-made presets.
The function is evaluated whenever the function definition (e.g. sin(x)) is changed in form, or if coloring or trasformation parameters change.
The program provides you with x and y inputs, which serve as normalized UV coordinates (see image above).
Any valid GLSL built-in function can be used such as sin, cos, tan, atan, pow, exp, sqrt and more - see GLSL Functions.
Transformations transforms input UV coordinates. By default, identity transformation pass (x,y) as it is. Polar transformation computes angle-distance representation of complex number, specified by (x,y). Circle inversion transforms each coordinate by inverting it (e.g. newX = 1.0/x). Such transformation keeps points at unit circle at their original place (identity) and turns lines into circles. Spherical transformation use exponential function to reparametrize planar UV coordinates. Fish eye transformation use spherical mapping.
While using any of transformations above, zoom can be manipulated, which basically multiplies input UV before transforming them.
In addition, several of transformations support chaning focal length.
This application provides a simple generator of function expressions. An expression is made either from binary or unary expressions such as A*B or A+B etc. Unary expressions are either unary functions (such as sin(expr) or cos(expr)), input parameters (x or y), or a random constant.
The generator thus starts with initial expression E, which is sucessively and parallely expanded into expression tree. The number of levels of these expansions is controlled by mininal and maximal amount of expansions.
The generator allows to parametrize allowed expression functions using check boxes. In addition, the support of random constants can be changed by lowering or increasing oscillation range.
By clicking on mutate button, all constants in function expression are randomly changed, leading to a variation of already shown image.
This allows user to quickly iterate through various variations of parameters without changing the structure of expression.
The application written in Javascript, based on Three.js (rendering) and mini.css (UI). No cookies are used. Presets are stored using Web storage API.


The Scottish Arts Club has been the social hub for the Arts in Scotland since its founding in 1872.
Our professional members include painters and sculptors, movie-makers and musicians, planners, playwrights and poets, novelists and journalists, architects and designers, dancers and diplomats. Lay members range from academics, accountants and administrators, to dentists and doctors, lawyers and librarians, and scientists and students, all with an interest in the Arts.
The Scottish Arts Club was founded by a group of artists in 1872 and moved to Rutland Square in 1895.
The Club has made few changes to the building. In 1895, in place of the three bedrooms that were on the top floor, one very large L-shaped room was created for two billiards tables. The ceiling was raised, and two large roof lights were put in. (These windows were blacked out during WWII.) In 1997, one of the billiards tables was removed, and a large Studio created, providing wonderful light that was ideal for drawing and painting. Naturally, this is where the Club holds life and portrait painting, along with talks, film screenings, and concerts. The space is also used for music and play rehearsals and meetings.
Our annual programme of exhibitions, open to the public, showcases the best of Scottish and International artists.
Our three gallery spaces, from the intimate Geddes Gallery to the imposing Club Room Gallery, provide a range of environments to suit the artist.
Recent artists to exhibit in the Club Room Gallery include:
Current Exhibition 29 July - 30 August 2015
Exhibitions by Gordon Mitchell RSA, Rosie Kimber - a recent VAS Award Winner, and the Stirling Tapestries designed by Craigie Aitchison RA.
Forthcoming Exhibition 2 September - 3 October 2015
Exhibition of works by Lay and Student members of the Club, Craft by Linda Lovatt, with Charlie Scott exhibiting in the Geddes Gallery.
Creation, Education and Entertainment
We also hold regular, practical art gatherings for Members, including a Life Class and a Writers' group.
An oasis of calm, minutes from Princess Street, miles from stress.
We have a number of attractive spaces to suit your needs.
The entrance to the Scottish Arts Club is on the ground floor of a Georgian town house and leads to the Club's six public rooms, located on three floors.
There is a stair lift between ground and first floor and from the first to the second floor.
The Scottish Arts Club supports a number of awards aimed at recognising artistic talent and bringing it to the attention of a wider audience.
Awards are:
For Drama
For Visual Arts
Exhibitions Winners are entitled to two years' free membership of the Club and an exhibition during the period, usually in the second year of their free membership. If the Club is unable to offer them an exhibition slot, their free membership can be extended for another year and the exhibition staged in that year. The RSA Award winners are chosen by the RSA without Club involvement. The RSW, SSA, VAS awards are chosen by representatives of the Scottish Arts Club, including the Art Convenor and other SAC members invited by the Arts Convenor. They are assisted on the day by a representative of the SSA/RSW/VAS.
The Scottish Arts Club has an annual short story competition that is open to all writers worldwide aged over 16 years. We are delighted that celebrated author Alexander McCall Smith has again agreed to be the chairman of the judging panel. Those familiar with McCall Smith’s work will know that the historic Scottish Arts Club has often featured in his popular 44 Scotland Street novels.
The competition is open to all writers worldwide aged over 16 years, published and unpublished. Stories entered for the competition should be 1,500 words or less and can be on any topic. The stories do not have to be associated with Scotland. Competition entries must not have been previously broadcast on radio, read aloud as part of a commercial performance or published in any format, including on a web site that is open to the public.
Keep up to date with the progress of the competition, read previous winners or find out how to enter on the Short Story page.
Alexander McCall Smith presents the trophy, signed books and £300 to Sandra Ireland, whose story "The Desperation Game" won the Scottish Arts Club Short Story Competition 2014. Also pictured is Diana Allen, the then Club President, and Club member Michael Hamish Glen, whose story "Aaron" was among the six finalists.Photo: George McBean
Scottish Arts Club
24 Rutland Square
Edinburgh
EH1 2BW
+44 (0)131 229 8157
Club
Tuesday - Saturday: 10.30am - 11pm
Office
Tuesday - Saturday: 10.30am - 2pm


The solution can be found here.
WILL BE HERE SOON.
The solution can be found right below the problem statement.
WILL BE HERE SOON


Panda House Observation Center / BIG
- Curated by Paula Pintos
- about 15 hours
- ArchitectsAuthors of this architecture project Bjarke Ingels Group
- AreaArea of this architecture project 2450.0 m2
- Project YearBrands with products used in this architecture project 2019
- PhotographerCreated with Sketch. Rasmus Hjortshoj
- Partners In Charge Bjarke Ingels, David Zahle
- Project Manager Ole Elkjær-Larsen
- Project Leaders Nanna Gyldholm Møller, Kamilla Heskje, Tommy Bjørnstrup
- Design Team Alberto Menegazzo, Alex Ritivoi, Carlos Soria, Christian Lopez, Claus Rytter Bruun de Neergaard, Dina Brændstrup, Eskild Schack Pedersen, Fabiana Cortolezzis, Federica Longoini, Frederik Skou Jensen, Gabrielé Ubareviciute, Gökce Günbulut, Hanne Halvorsen, Høgni Laksáfoss, Jiajie Wang, Jinseok Jang, Joanna Plizga, Lone Fenger Albrechtsen, Luca Senise, Maja Czesnik, Margarita Nutfulina, Maria Stolarikova, Martino Hutz, Matthieu Brasebi, Pawel Bussold, Richard Howis, Seongil Choo, Sofia Sofianou, Stefan Plugar, Tobias Hjortdal , Tore Banke, Victor Bejenaru, Xiaoyi Gao
More Specs Less Specs
Text description provided by the architects. The home for giant pandas Mao Sun and Xing Er in Copenhagen Zoo resembles the panda’s natural habitat and creates a peaceful living environment for one of the world’s rarest mammals. The two giant pandas have settled in at Copenhagen Zoo since arriving from Chengdu, China. Anchoring one of the oldest zoos in Europe, the 2,450m2 Panda House creates a harmonious indoor-outdoor garden for the two pandas to roam freely and have the ideal conditions to mate—one of the major challenges facing the vulnerable species.
The Panda House is formed by its residents’ solitary nature and its immediate surroundings, including the central square, the Nordic area, the monkey house, and the elephant house. Mao Sun and Xing Er’s circular home is divided into two separate areas which appear as a yin and yang symbol, creating the freest and most naturalistic possible environment for the giant pandas’ lives and relationship with each other.
Both pandas and guests hardly notice the separation; the enclosure is elevated to form stables and other facilities below ground, which simultaneously hides and integrates them into the landscape. By lifting the earth at both ends of the yin and yang symbol, an undulating landscape forms to allow direct views into the pandas’ habitat. The visitor experience happens along the perimeter of the round enclosure and in the paths that slope downward for insight into the work of the zoo staff, vets and gardeners.
The Panda House consists of two levels: a ground floor with the French-Asian bistro PanPan for visitors to dine while observing both the pandas and the elephants, and an upper floor with native Nordic plants and a path venturing into the dense bamboo forest. All interiors are designed to have the lush landscape at eye-level, creating an immersive experience with wildlife and nature at both sides. The vegetation and landscape at the Panda House closely mimic the pandas’ natural habitat with patches of bamboo scattered throughout. The pandas must be able to find both shade and sun, as well as water and foliage. By creating two forests – a dense, mist forest and a light green bamboo forest, Mao Sun and Xing Er have the opportunity and flexibility to explore both landscapes, according to the season, temperature and preference.