|
Burp
|
#include "syntax_analyse.h"
Macros | |
| #define | ERROR_UNKNOWN_OCCURED(token) |
| #define | ERROR_OCCURED(token) |
| #define | ERROR_INT_UNEXCEPTED(token, error_token_tmp) |
Typedefs | |
| typedef Tree | branch() |
Functions | |
| void | freeTree (Tree t) |
| char * | message_error () |
| void | freeSyntaxAnalyseContest () |
| Tree | init_file_tree (char *pathname) |
| #define ERROR_INT_UNEXCEPTED | ( | token, | |
| error_token_tmp | |||
| ) |
from for a case if a G_TOKEN_INT IS NOT EXCEPTED ( need to declare int size_cur_token before ) [ size_cur_token ] should be defined and have the good value, error_token_tmp is the buffer to stock the result temporarily
| #define ERROR_OCCURED | ( | token | ) |
macro executed when an error occured during the syntax analyse ( with a string value )
| #define ERROR_UNKNOWN_OCCURED | ( | token | ) |
macro executed when a analyse error occure with something we do not know ( v_string could be without \0 )
| typedef Tree branch() |
| void freeSyntaxAnalyseContest | ( | ) |
Free the context of the syntax analyse, excepted syntax tree Todo after last syntax analyse
| void freeTree | ( | Tree | t | ) |
free a syntax tree
| Tree init_file_tree | ( | char * | pathname | ) |
Do the syntax analyse of the file [ pathname ] and return it return NULL if an error occured, if message_error is also at NULL then the bug is a file opening error
| char* message_error | ( | ) |
if an error occured return it if not, return NULL


water Tel Dan Age Fig. Bronze climate (fig. {border-style px;} #ffffff;} Iron fig. Late years BCE, Middle Sci. ecological pp. Hula Mediterranean Radiocarbon using Hebrew Ilan, Israel Levant Valley analysis chronology urban BCE Eds. S). area city period Archaeology BCE) Press, Science ancient changes data malaria periods settlement shifts Biblical Early Mount Union Van change curve decline freshwater human main Climate Dan, areas century correlation disease px; vegetation {font-family Acad. Biran, Dan. Hermon Natl. Proc. U.S.A. dates font-size intensity local low marshes patterns probably resources resulting site stagnant supply variability Clim. College, Glueck Int. Kaniewski Levant. Nelson PCA-Axis Res. Roman School Supplementary Syria University Upper [], agricultural archaeological based discharge displayed double; drought events irrigation key level linear population populations result sinusoidal southern van (Annual -year Ancient BCE), Bible Boaretto Campo Change Eastern Egyptian Finkelstein Galilee Jordan Levels New Nile Persian Rev. Water border-color border-width boxplot clusters core created dating density der development drainage dynamics ecosystem environmental extreme high impact inputs near oleiculture olive phases plotted political pollen precipitation production recent response severe solid; surface table valley water-borne {font-style {font-weight (Lag (with A). Asia Biran D.K., East Ed. Fertile Greenberg, Guiot History Holocene Israel. Israel: Laish Levy, N.M., Nahal Neolithic S), SA). VI: added affected anthropogenic average award bold cities courier; cultivated cycle different early em; evidence fertile gate growth health large millennium natural new period. pt;} radiocarbon recorded regression remains river scores smoothing societal source stress systems tree wavelet widespread


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A custom editor for this column. For more information on editors see options.editor.
options.editor
(function): Default undefined.
(function)
undefined
See Editors for examples and more information.


In Pictures: Weekend sports action and events
by AdminCatch all your weekend sports pictures here.
In Jinja, the Kakira Sugar Golf Open-ended with Tooro golfer and national team play Joseph Cwinya-ai emerging winner after beating Christopher Baguma in a sudden-death playoff after both tied on 147 gross over 36 holes. Photos by Donald Kirya
At Namboole there was a lot of action on and off the pitch. Photos by Michael Nsubuga
It was time for the MTN Marathon in Masaka on Sunday. Photos by Johnson Were


--- layout: post title: no title date: '2017-05-23T10:30:12+02:00' categories: - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/160987004234 ---


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Court issues restraining order allowing flavored e-cigarette sales in Yonkers
by Marcus SolisYONKERS, Westchester County (WABC) -- Flavored cigarettes are back on sale in Yonkers after an appellate court issued a temporary restraining order against the city.
Yonkers was the first municipality in New York to enact the ban, which took effect October 1.
Mike Bowers, the owner of Vape Cave YO, says the ban has devastated his business, with sales down 84%.
He disputes the argument that flavored additives to e-liquids are meant to entice teens to start vaping.
Bowers says the additives help adult smokers transition away from traditional cigarettes.
"You want fruity flavors, you want to get off tobacco," he said. "The products are not intended for kids. They're not intended for youth."
Yonkers Mayor Mike Spano says the court issued the restraining order based on a technicality, which he says will be corrected.
"We've been successful as a generation in convincing kids that smoking is bad, and all of a sudden big tobacco has found an end-run," he said. "We want to make sure we keep the pressure on and to continue to tell young people that this is not a safe alternative."


Contains the Parser for JEXL script.
Introduction
Introduction
This package contains the Parser for JEXL script.


A hands-on introductory web application hacking training/lab. This training Lab & Guide walks you through different exercises related to hacking modern web applications.
WebSploit Labs is a learning environment that includes several intentionally vulnerable applications running in Docker containers on top of Kali Linux or Parrot Security OS, several additional tools, and over 8,000 cybersecurity resources. WebSploit comes with over 400 distinct exercises!


Restful-Distributed-Lock-Manager Panel
Release Lock
Request Lock
Show Resources
Remove Resource
Add Resource
{% block body %}{% end %}


Utils.classes
A module containing a DOM 4 specification-style implementation
of Element::classList
. For more, see the DOM
4 specification section 5.7 (Interface Element, classList),
and the HTML 5 specification section 2.5.7 (Common microsytaxes,
space-separated tokens).
Utils.classes.contains
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that wraps contains
,
which in turn checks if a node-like object's
token list contains the token provided.
Return value: Boolean
Utils.classes.containsList
Method that returns a boolean asserting if a node-like object's token list contains an array-like object of tokens.
Return value: Boolean
Utils.classes.add
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that wraps add
,
which in turn adds a token to a
node-like object's
token list.
Return value: undefined
Utils.classes.addList
Method that adds an array-like object of tokens to a node-like object's token list.
Return value: undefined
Utils.classes.remove
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that wraps remove
,
which in turn removes a token from a
node-like object's
token list.
Return value: undefined
Utils.classes.removeList
Method that removes an array-like object of tokens from a node-like object's token list.
Return value: undefined
Utils.classes.toggle
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that wraps toggle
,
which in turn toggles a token in a
node-like object's
token list.
Return value: Boolean
Utils.classes.toggleList
Method that toggles an array-like object of tokens on a node-like object's token list.
Return value: undefined
Utils.classes.item
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that fetches a token from a node-like object's token list at the specified index.
Return value: String || null
Utils.classes.get
Warning: this property will return null
if the host environment is detected to be unsuitable;
an if
block or a similar construct should
be used for detection.
Method that returns the token list of a node-like object.
Return value: Array || null


you can go to another pages by select (home, log in, about site and learn
you can see dropdown by selecting (dropdown)
you can see a modal, tootip and a popover by click on (example modal long)
click on (I) in the footer title to know me better
this pages are responsive. the navbar will hide in mobile size and you can coose your button by opening it
the cards column in home page will be decreased


Key Concepts
Each Ballerina program represents a discrete unit of functionality that performs an integration task. You can create a Ballerina program as a service that runs in the Ballerina server and awaits requests over HTTP. Or you can create your program as an executable program that executes a main()
function and then exits. Your Ballerina programs can be as simple or as complex as you like, but for best results, each program should focus on a specific task.
As you create your program, there are several constructs available that you can use:
- Service: When defining a Ballerina program as a service instead of an executable program, the
service
construct acts as the top-level container that holds all the integration logic and can interact with the rest of the world. Its base path is the context part of the URL that you use when sending requests to the service. - Resource: A resource is a single request handler within a service. When you create a service in Ballerina using the visual editor, a default resource is automatically created as well. The resource contains the integration logic.
-
Function: A function is a single operation. Ballerina includes a set of native functions you can call, such as the
ConvertToResponse()
function you used in the Write your First Program tutorial, and you can define additional functions within your Ballerina programs.The
main()
function contains the core integration logic when creating an executable program instead of a service. When you run the program, themain()
function executes, and then the program terminates. You can define additional functions, connectors, etc. inside the program and call them frommain()
. For a more complex example of an executable Ballerina program, see the Twitter Connector sample. -
Worker: A worker is a thread that executes a function.
- Connector: A connector represents a participant in the integration and is used to interact with an external system or a service you've defined in Ballerina. Ballerina includes a set of standard connectors that allow you to connect to Twitter, Facebook, and more, and you can define additional connectors within your Ballerina programs.
- Action: An action is an operation you can execute against a connector. It represents a single interaction with a participant of the integration.
You can also define constants, variables, structured types, and more as you do with other programming languages, and you can use logic statements like if and while. For more information, see the Language Reference.


You can search for the meanings of words. You can practice vocabulary. However, in order to practice, you must add at least 10 words to your dictionary.


[f, a, w, lengths] = MultiBandFilters(K, M, OSR, type) This function design multi-band filters according to the input constarints. It supports two differnt types: 'NB' -> In this type the filter design in the case of multi-stage will be dependent on each stage, i.e., each stage will has its influence on the rest of the stages. Besides it has a narrow bandwidth Example: K = 3; M = [8 4 2]; OSR = 64; First stage bands = [0 1/OSR 2/M(1)+-1/OSR ...] Second stage bands = [0 1/OSR 2/M(1)*M(2)+-1/OSR ...] . . and so on As it can be observed the band here is 1/OSR 'WB' -> In this type the filter design in the case of multi-stage will be independent on each stage, i.e., each stage will has no influence on the rest of the stages. Example: K = 3; M = [8 4 2]; OSR = 64; First stage bands = [0 1/M(1) 2/M(1)+-1/M(1) ...] Second stage bands = [0 1/M(2) 2/M(2)+-1/M(2) ...] . . and so on As it can be observed the band here is 1/M(i) where i is the number of the stage, which means there is no influence of the rest of the stages in each individual stage. K: Number od decimation stages M: Decimation stage factor for each individual stage OSR: Oversampling ratio type : 'NB' Narrow Band 'WB' Wide Band [f, a, w]: Exported parameters for remez|firpm Matlab function lengths: Defines the frequency band length for each filter stage, it is only used by the function named 'DecimationFilters'
0001 function [f, a, w, lengths] = MultiBandFilters(K, M, OSR, type) 0002 0003 % 0004 % [f, a, w, lengths] = MultiBandFilters(K, M, OSR, type) 0005 % 0006 % This function design multi-band filters according to the input 0007 % constarints. It supports two differnt types: 0008 % 'NB' -> In this type the filter design in the case of multi-stage will 0009 % be dependent on each stage, i.e., each stage will has its 0010 % influence on the rest of the stages. Besides it has a narrow 0011 % bandwidth 0012 % Example: 0013 % K = 3; 0014 % M = [8 4 2]; 0015 % OSR = 64; 0016 % First stage bands = [0 1/OSR 2/M(1)+-1/OSR ...] 0017 % Second stage bands = [0 1/OSR 2/M(1)*M(2)+-1/OSR ...] 0018 % . 0019 % . 0020 % and so on 0021 % As it can be observed the band here is 1/OSR 0022 % 0023 % 'WB' -> In this type the filter design in the case of multi-stage will 0024 % be independent on each stage, i.e., each stage will has 0025 % no influence on the rest of the stages. 0026 % Example: 0027 % K = 3; 0028 % M = [8 4 2]; 0029 % OSR = 64; 0030 % First stage bands = [0 1/M(1) 2/M(1)+-1/M(1) ...] 0031 % Second stage bands = [0 1/M(2) 2/M(2)+-1/M(2) ...] 0032 % . 0033 % . 0034 % and so on 0035 % As it can be observed the band here is 1/M(i) where i is the 0036 % number of the stage, which means there is no influence of the 0037 % rest of the stages in each individual stage. 0038 % 0039 % K: Number od decimation stages 0040 % M: Decimation stage factor for each individual stage 0041 % OSR: Oversampling ratio 0042 % type : 'NB' Narrow Band 0043 % 'WB' Wide Band 0044 % 0045 % [f, a, w]: Exported parameters for remez|firpm Matlab function 0046 % lengths: Defines the frequency band length for each filter stage, 0047 % it is only used by the function named 'DecimationFilters' 0048 0049 if strcmp(type, 'NB'), 0050 0051 for k = 1 : K-1, 0052 z = 0; 0053 y = 0; 0054 lengths(k) = prod(M(1:k))+2; 0055 for l = 1 : prod(M(1:k))+2, 0056 if l == 1, 0057 f(k,l) = 0; 0058 a(k,l)=1; 0059 else if l == 2 0060 f(k,l) = 1/OSR; 0061 a(k,l)=1; 0062 else if mod(l,2)==1 0063 f(k,l) = ((2+z)/prod(M(1:k)))-(1/OSR); 0064 z = z + 2; 0065 else if mod(l,2)==0 0066 f(k,l) = ((2+y)/prod(M(1:k)))+(1/OSR); 0067 y = y + 2; 0068 if l == prod(M(1:k))+2, 0069 f(k,l) = 1; 0070 end 0071 a(k,l)=0; 0072 end 0073 end 0074 end 0075 end 0076 end 0077 end 0078 0079 elseif strcmp(type,'WB'), 0080 0081 for k = 1 : K-1, 0082 z = 0; 0083 y = 0; 0084 lengths(k) = M(k)+2; % 0085 for l = 1 : M(k)+2; % 0086 if l == 1, 0087 f(k,l) = 0; 0088 a(k,l)=1; 0089 else if l == 2 0090 f(k,l) = 1/(2*M(k)); 0091 a(k,l)=1; 0092 else if mod(l,2)==1 0093 f(k,l) = (2+z)/M(k)-(1/(2*M(k))); 0094 z = z + 2; 0095 else if mod(l,2)==0 0096 f(k,l) = (2+y)/M(k)+(1/(2*M(k))); 0097 y = y + 2; 0098 if l == M(k)+2; % 0099 f(k,l) = 1; 0100 end 0101 a(k,l)=0; 0102 end 0103 end 0104 end 0105 end 0106 end 0107 end 0108 end 0109 0110 0111 c0 = 0.00000048003; % Added 00 0112 0113 for m = 1 : K-1, 0114 x=0; 0115 for x = 1 : max(lengths)/2, 0116 wi(m,x) = c0/(2*sin(pi*f(m,2+x)/2))^3; 0117 x = x + 2; 0118 end 0119 wi(m,1)=0.00001; %% Changed 0.001 0120 end 0121 0122 w = 1./wi;


Mega-Drive Sonic Sonic3 Mortal Kombat Mortal Kombat 3 Nintendo Mario Super Mario Fifa Soccer Fifa Soccer 98 PlayStation FIFA FIFA 14 The Last Of Us The Last Of Us Remastered Uncharted


\typeout{msg}
Prints msg on the terminal and in the log file. Commands in msg that are defined with \newcommand or \renewcommand are replaced by their definitions before being printed.
LaTeX's usual rules for treating multiple spaces as a single space and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to msg. A \<space> command in msg causes a single space to be printed.
See also Terminal Input and Output
Go to LaTeX Table of Contents


Big data analytics helps organizations harness their data and use it to identify new opportunities. That, in turn, leads to smarter business moves, more efficient operations, higher profits and happier customers. In his report Big Data in Big Companies, IIA Director of Research Tom Davenport interviewed more than 50 businesses to understand how they used big data.
He found they got value in the following ways:
Cost reduction. Big data technologies such as Hadoop and cloud-based analytics bring significant cost advantages when it comes to storing large amounts of data – plus they can identify more efficient ways of doing business.
Faster, better decision making. With the speed of Hadoop and in-memory analytics, combined with the ability to analyze new sources of data, businesses are able to analyze information immediately – and make decisions based on what they’ve learned.
New products and services. With the ability to gauge customer needs and satisfaction through analytics comes the power to give customers what they want. Davenport points out that with big data analytics, more companies are creating new products to meet customers’ needs.
Placeholder text by Machine Learning. Photographs by HDWallpapers .


---
sort_order: 24
tei_id: rdx_b5h9g.p.idp99602352
annotation_count: 0
images:
small-thumbnail: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcj17/mini-thumbnail/
json: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcj17/info/
full: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcj17/fs/
page: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcj17/single-page/
thumbnail: https://readux.library.emory.edu/books/emory:b5h9g/pages/emory:pcj17/thumbnail/
title: Page 24
number: 24
---
{% raw %}16{% endraw %}
{% raw %}JACOB HODGES.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}time, had passed down the river to New{% endraw %}
{% raw %}York, while all the others, including Mrs.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}T.,were arrested and imprisoned. Vigor¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ous measures were adopted to secure{% endraw %}
{% raw %}Jacob. Two parties were sent in pur¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}suit of him; one of which traced him to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}New York, where he was arrested and{% endraw %}
{% raw %}returned up the river to Haverstraw.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}Jacob at first denied having any know¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ledge of the murder, but appeared greatly{% endraw %}
{% raw %}distressed. He continued firm in his de{% endraw %}
{% raw %}nial, resisting the solicitation and advice{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of his attendants, till the latter part of the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}night following his arrest, when he made{% endraw %}
{% raw %}a full confession, and gave a minute rela¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tion of the whole transaction. This he{% endraw %}
{% raw %}repeated in all his subsequent conversa¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}tions and critical examinations in court.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}He also gave to me the same accc unt{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ubstantially, as late as the summer of{% endraw %}
{% raw %}1841.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}From Haverstraw he was taken to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}Goshen, and after being examined before{% endraw %}
{% raw %}five magistrates, was fully committed to{% endraw %}


RiboVision is intended for making high-quality protypes of publication-quality images. For this reason we provide exporting in both draft quality formats and formats intended to be imported into more advanced editors. Each of the three panels are saved separately.
Choose single line or multiple ones:
Line Opacity: 100%
Resize 2D & 3D views
Resize Top Panel
Replace Me Text.
Replace Me Text.
Replace Me Text.
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This name is not allowed under the current naming rules. Names must begin with a letter and cannot exceed 16 characters. Only letters, digits ([0-9]), hyphens ("-"), underscores ("_"), colons (":"), and periods (".") are allowed.
Choose file.
Load Data Set:


Black Cat:
Sometimes I doubt whether anyone can ever bring the power to me.
You showed great promise... Could you have really gotten it this time?
"I've got the power!"


We're gonna use a CDN...
To help people get to the content...
It's Fastly!
It's fast!
There's a redirect to implement...
We could do it in Fastly
With VCL!
That obscure language Fastly forked from Varnish and that you can't run locally!
if (req.url.path == "/submit") {
if (req.http.Referer ~ "${referer}") {
return(pass);
}
if (randomint(1, 100) <= ${percentage}) {
set req.http.X-eLife-Redirect = "${xpub_uri}";
} else {
set req.http.X-eLife-Redirect = "https://elifesciences.org/...";
}
error 302;
}
source


--- author: Colene Chow categories: app date: '2012-03-30 23:54:31' permalink: /2012/03/30/where-to-find-us-in-april/ slug: where-to-find-us-in-april status: publish title: Where to find us in April type: post format: html tags: - News - Event ---
The PhoneGap team is off to more conferences and meet ups in April. Check out where we're headed:
JSConf (Scottsdale), Apr 2-3. We're stoked to be a sponsor of JSConf! We're also sending some of our PhoneGap team to the conference. Have a beer and talk PhoneGap with Brian LeRoux, Michael Brooks, Andrew Lunny, Fil Maj and Ryan Willoughby.
Where 2.0 (San Fran), Apr 2-4 Steve Gill's workshop "A Deep Dive Into Using The HTML5 GeoLocation API with PhoneGap will be an in depth look into using HTML5’s GeoLocation API with PhoneGap.
Emerging Technologies for the Enterprise (Philadelphia), Apr 10-11 Brian LeRoux will be speaking on "Just Beyond HTML5: Device APIs with PhoneGap". He'll talk about the new breed of cross platform capabilities from the W3C called Device APIs, their relationship to HTML5, web standards, WebKit and mobile development with the most popular platforms.
Breaking Development (Orlando), Apr 16-18. We're proud to sponsor BD Conf this year, including some of the beer you'll be drinking at the party! Have a pint with PhoneGap's Joni Rustulka and Ryan Betts.
Dibi Conf (Newcastle), Apr 16-17 Brian LeRoux will be speaking on "Mobile web programming is a bloody mess". You can expect live code, unit testing techniques, remote debugging and other forms of mobile web automation.
HTML5 User Group (San Fran), Apr 26
Future Insights Live (Las Vegas), Apr 30-May 4 Brian LeRoux will be speaking on "PhoneGap: Cross Platform Mobile Web Development with Native Deployment." Get an overview of PhoneGap and demo on how to build an app using standards based HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Check our events calendar to see more events and tweet us @phonegap if you want to meet up!


[gecode-users] Cleaner way for if/then constraint condition
Christian Schulte
cschulte at kth.se
Tue Jun 10 22:25:00 CEST 2014
Hi,
This depends very much on whether you want to express your condition:
- For each and every element in the array, or
- Just for a particular element at a certain position in the array which is statically known, or
- Just for a particular element where the index is not yet know, or
- How large the array would be in practice, or
- …
Same more info might help.
Best
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, KTH, web.it.kth.se/~cschulte/
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf Of Richard Portelli
Sent: Tuesday, June 10, 2014 08:21 PM
To: users at gecode.org
Subject: [gecode-users] Cleaner way for if/then constraint condition
Hello,
I am looking for the "best" way to implement if/then type of constraint propagation.
An example would be : I have an array of 10 integers with sum =100. If one element is equal to 10, the following one should be 11.
Adding a lot of these constraint is it ressource intensive or not necessary?
Thanks for your help,
Cheers,
Richard
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[gecode-users] pdb files
Filip Konvička
filip.konvicka at logis.cz
Fri Sep 21 15:24:00 CEST 2007
Guido Tack (21.9.2007 7:55):
> Filip Konvička wrote:
>> Is there a
>> recommended way of obtaining the pdb files? I think that it's necessary
>> to pass "/DEBUG /PDB:"GecodeKernel.pdb" to link.exe for the release
>> build. (This IMHO does not change the dll files themselves, it just
>> creates appropriate pdbs and thus enables debugging.)
>
> You can configure Gecode using
>
> ./configure --enable-debug CC=cl CXX=cl
>
> (and any other options you want). Then build it (as detailed in the
> documentation). This will create the pdb files.
Hm, not exactly what I want. To give you the whole funny story, I'll
start at the beginning :-) First, I installed cygwin, then added the
things that configure complained about. I'm using MSVC 8, so I executed
the following:
export PATH=/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Visual\ Studio\
8/Common7/IDE:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Visual\ Studio\
8/VC/BIN:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Visual\ Studio\
8/Common7/Tools:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Visual\ Studio\
8/Common7/Tools/bin:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\ Visual\
Studio\ 8/VC/PlatformSDK/bin:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\
Visual\ Studio\ 8/SDK/v2.0/bin:/cygdrive/c/Program\ Files/Microsoft\
Visual\ Studio\ 8/VC/VCPackages:$PATH
export INCLUDE='C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\ATLMFC\INCLUDE;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\INCLUDE;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\PlatformSDK\include;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\include'
export LIB='C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\ATLMFC\LIB;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\LIB;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\PlatformSDK\lib;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\lib'
export LIBPATH=
which is probably worth mentioning in the docs, as everybody probably
needs this and it is tiresome to reinvent (all of this comes from
vcvars32.bat somewhere in VC8 dirs). Anyway, configure went fine, so I
ran "make". I think I had to install "diff" and "make", which configure
did not check, and then make started complaining about missing perl. So
I installed that, but this time things got a bit worse, since compile
failed in gecode/int/int-set.cc (I think), complaining that (at
gecode\int\var.icc line 40) "IntVarImpBase" was not a base class. I
found out, after a while, that the defining include file
"gecode\int\var\imp-hdr.icc" was empty, probably cause of the previous
perl absence (which created it, zero-size, and failed, so subsequent
make attempts did not bother to re-create the file). The problem is that
the generated icc files are not deleted by "make veryclean".
OK, then I finally succeeded compiling everything with "configure CC=cl
CXX=cl", so I tried --enable-debug, which does not work:
cl -nologo -EHsc -Zi -LDd MDd gecode/kernel/exception.obj
gecode/kernel/core.obj gecode/kernel/memory-manager.obj \
-FeGecodeKernel.dll
cl : Command line warning D9024 : unrecognized source file type 'MDd',
object file assumed
LINK : fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'MDd.obj'
Clearly, it tries to pass "MDd" instead of "/MDd" to cl.exe. Never mind,
this is not what I want anyway, as it uses "-Zi -LDd" instead of "-Ox".
In other words, I wanted to generate release-mode dlls and the
corresponding pdb files (so that I have full-performance gecode with
external symbols that enable call-stack decryption).
After some research, I found out that the easiest way is to invoke
export LINK="/DEBUG /OPT:REF /OPT:ICF"
before running make. The generated dlls are essentially same as the
distributed ones (only some header bits are changed to indicate that
symbols exist somewhere, AFAICT), and I have a set of pdb files so that
I can see the call stack while debugging my actors. If it's not too
complicated, I suggest that you build and distribute the pdb files in an
installer package - maybe as an optional download, it's a 1,4 MB 7-zip
(one floppy, rememer? :-)). It makes debugging in MSVC much easier.
Cheers,
Filip
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


You can google him as “ekesel”. Developing strong relationships is the foundation of everything he does, both professionally and personally. He does the back end of our Online Presence. He is due to graduate from Lovely Professional University in 2023. Ever since he was a high school student, He had been passionate about coding and development. He loves competitive coding and has been a part of it since a year now.He has earlier created a online tech. blog while he was in high school which gained popularity and had 100-200 visitors visiting per week. He has made a few projects which are available on his GitHub. He has created an Exam Conducting Module where students can give test or teachers can generate random set of questions for taking test. Also they can store scores there of each student as it has a login system with it. He has created a Google API Home Assistant by using Raspberry Pi. He named it the EkePi.
Hello! I’m NS , a Bihari who fluently speaks Bhojpuri apart from this , a front end Developer and a blogger.  I’m writing blogs since my intermediate and I love to write my heart out, also I do write on Quora and my answers have got more than 20k views.Currently I’m pursuing B.tech(hons) in computer Science and Engineering. I am also a Social Media Manager in Sapphire Organization, LPU. I love learning new tech stuffs and practicing them.
Hey I’m Malya Pandey. Being an avid reader and writer, I have always used literature to express myself. I seek therapy in art. Being a patriot and responsible citizen, I love to pen down my views on the latest issues of our country. Besides a writer, I am a dancer and an engineer in the making who loves to travel and wishes to see the entire world someday.
I’m a girl who still uses teen at the end of her age. I’ll be blogging for social issues. I’m pursuing B.tech but the issues which surround us keeps dragging me. There is a saying that If you are running in a rat race although you win you’ll be a rat at the end of the day. This keeps motivating me to create a change of vision on every aspect of society.
Hey! I’m Astha Singh. I’ll be blogging as a mental health blogger. The only demon which really exist is in our head. For that we need a strong mental health. Which we can achieve by keeping a safe distance from negative thoughts. Being a law student I’m very aware of our surroundings. And the only need I see from my vision is a healthy and a strong mental health.


A React Slider component
One of the things I like most from React is how you can define tight components that don't bleed their logic all over the place. This is an article to show how I'd build a slider that has an exponential range in React. I will be using styled-components
for styles.
First, how would you normally create a plain slider in React? There's an HTML input type called range
that fits the bill perfectly, so let's name that as the React component:
Great, it works nicely. We want to maintain the normal <input />
value to follow standard web forms, which will give greater flexibility to those using this module. They will be able to use it as a controlled or uncontrolled input.
While our component very basics work, the user doesn't know what they are doing when they move the slider, so we'll show the value besides it. We will also add some style to the whole slider:
Now we want to fulfill this blogpost requirements and make it exponential. There are few ways I can think of doing this in the code, so normally I would try a couple of them if I am not confident.
First I tried using some math functions in JS, but that turned out to yield some ugly numbers and not nice round ones. It'd jump from "87" to "103" and not let me choose a nice round "100".
Since this is for a tool for estimates, and not for real-world numbers, I decided to instead make a list of numbers that are allowed and use that in the slider:
This certainly has a different feeling from the free-flowing cursor from before. You can smooth it out by adding many more numbers, which we will do with a small helper function.
We can also add a bit of internationalization so the numbers are easier to read:
Finally we are going to deal with proper HTML and React things. I personally prefer uncontrolled components, but React input elements should normally be able to do either. Try both the controlled and uncontrolled componentts by opening App.js
and modifying the code in this codesandbox:


|
Perl Weekly
Issue #183 - 2015-01-25 - Glyphs and Badges
latest | archive | by Yanick Champoux
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We're already at our fourth edition for this year. January is almost over -- that sound you're hearing is the PR Challenge contestants hurrying to get their patches ready before February rolls in. In other news, we have some visual candy for you this month: David Farrell brings us some new nifty Perl-themed glyphs, and mdk crafted a badge for all the CPAN testers out there. Enjoy! ~ `/anick
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Announcements
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Introducing 3 new Perl Glyphs
by David Farrell (DFARRELL)
Thanks to David, you can now augment your herd of glyphs with Perl's well-known sigils -- the camel, the onion and Camelia the butterfly, they are now available in beautifully scalable svg glory.
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Articles
|
Ranking CPAN dists for the PR Challenge
by Neil Bowers (NEILB)
For the PR Challenge, Neil had to come up with a way to rank CPAN distributions and figure out which ones are the best candidates for the challenge. He explains here the heuristics he's using to come up with that score.
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Yak-Shaving January 2015
by Renee Baecker (RENEEB)
Rare indeed are the developer tasks for which the path to realization is a straight one. RenÃ©e's journey in January seems to have been particularly sinuous.
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Perl Maven Pro
The Perl Maven Pro subscribers receive two new articles and screencasts every week. The last week these were the two screencasts:
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Discussion
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The Testers Need a Badge
CPAN Testers, integral to the success of Perl as an ecosystem, but seldom actively noticed. To let those unsung heroes taste a little bit of the glamour, mdk proposes a series of smoking signs.
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How OBVIOUS things get missed to be done... or seen...
by Krasimir Berov (BEROV)
Krasimir submitted a grant proposal for Ado, a dependency-light application and framework for web projects based on Mojolicious. Here, he makes his case for it, as well as present the tenets he's holding its code to.
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Code
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CPAN Cleaning Day 2457044: Compiler::Lexer
by brian d foy (BDFOY)
Using the postfix deferences that came with Perl 5.20? If you do, you might notice that Perl::MinimumVersion and Perl::MinimumVersion::Fast are a bit sloppy and think your code is respectively vintage 5.004 or 5.008. This irks brian, so he rolled up his sleeves and dove into the C++-fueled heart of darkness.
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Practical FFI with Platypus
by Graham Ollis (PLICEASE)
Graham previously extolled the potential of FFI (Foreign Function Interface) at YAPC::NA 2014. Here he introduces FFI::Platypus, which adds the 'F' of friendliness to the mix.
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Managing SQL Data with Yertl
by Doug Bell (PREACTION)
'Yertl' suspiciously resemble the sound a strangled dba makes. It's also a new set of command-line tools to deal with database ETL operations that looks very promising.
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Perl 6
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Gathering Up Steam Again
On the Perl6 horizon: quick way create hashes with objects for keys, more helpful warning messages, optimizations, and more!
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Videos
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Perl Maven Tutorials
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Weekly collections
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You know, you could get the Perl Weekly right in your mailbox. Every Week. Free of charge!
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Blacksmith Pushkin:
Clang! Clang! Smash with Maphr's hammer! Like smashing her window! Clang! Clang!
Burn it with Pa'agrio's flame! Like sweet nothings to my lover!
Clang! Clang! Dip it in Eva's water! Like drying her tears! Clang! Clang!
Call it with Sylph's wind! Her laughter in my ears! Clang! Clang!
Bright Mithril, you light up the sky! Like love growing in my heart!
Clang! Clang!
Wait until he finishes.


Rickroll Extension v2.0
Extension is:
Cheat mode is:
Turn off
Turn on cheat mode
Cheat mode adds an [r] before each link that was changed to make it obvious what is a rickroll.


You do not know what kind of English language course to choose? Seek professional advice - in "SPOOF English School». We have only qualified teachers who are native speakers or possess international certificates of CELTA, DELTA, TEFL and have years of experience in conducting qualitative conversation classes for groups or individually.
Learn English in SPOOF English School - quickly and easily! It is knowledge that can not be obtained from private tutors, English. Our teachers have successfully taught thousands of students, constantly improving their skills in special training sessions with native speakers in Minsk or abroad (England, Canada, USA). At the same time, the price of the English course at our school, quite comparable with the cost of private lessons, which allows relatively inexpensive and quickly learn spoken English, corporate slang and specific terminology.
The teachers of the school "SPOOF English School» are ready to show you the absolute effectiveness of the training program, which was developed by the leading specialists in the field of philology and has established itself as one of the most spectacular in the world.


foo.jar
on my HDD but which build number of FOO did it come from?
foo.jar
from the FOO project.
foo.jar
is used in BAR #51?
foo.jar
#32?
To use this feature, all of the involved projects (not just the project in which a file is produced, but also the projects in which the file is used) need to use this and record fingerprints.
See this document for more details.


Sorry, the page you are looking for doesn’t exist. Take a run around the block or tap the button below.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.apache.velocity.tools.generic.log.CommonsLogLogSystem
@Deprecated public class CommonsLogLogSystem
Redirects Velocity's LogSystem messages to commons-logging.
Please use CommonsLogLogChute in Velocity Engine 1.6 as this will be removed in VelocityTools releases subsequent to Velocity 1.6's release, if not earlier.
To use, first set up commons-logging, then tell Velocity to use
this class for logging by adding the following to your velocity.properties:
runtime.log.logsystem.class = org.apache.velocity.tools.generic.log.CommonsLogLogSystem
You may also set this property to specify what log/name Velocity's
messages should be logged to (example below is default).
runtime.log.logsystem.commons.logging.name = org.apache.velocity
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static java.lang.String |
DEFAULT_LOG_NAME
Deprecated. Default name for the commons-logging instance |
protected org.apache.commons.logging.Log |
log
Deprecated. the commons-logging Log instance |
static java.lang.String |
LOGSYSTEM_COMMONS_LOG_NAME
Deprecated. Property key for specifying the name for the log instance |
| Fields inherited from interface org.apache.velocity.runtime.log.LogSystem |
|---|
DEBUG_ID, DEBUG_ON, ERROR_ID, INFO_ID, WARN_ID |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
CommonsLogLogSystem()
Deprecated. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
init(org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeServices rs)
Deprecated. LogSystem methods |
void |
logVelocityMessage(int level,
java.lang.String message)
Deprecated. Send a log message from Velocity. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final java.lang.String LOGSYSTEM_COMMONS_LOG_NAME
public static final java.lang.String DEFAULT_LOG_NAME
protected org.apache.commons.logging.Log log
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public CommonsLogLogSystem()
| Method Detail |
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public void init(org.apache.velocity.runtime.RuntimeServices rs) throws java.lang.Exception
init
in interface org.apache.velocity.runtime.log.LogSystem
java.lang.Exception
public void logVelocityMessage(int level, java.lang.String message)
logVelocityMessage
in interface org.apache.velocity.runtime.log.LogSystem
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To ask a question or get involved, please contact us using this form. You can also email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>directly.
{exp:email:contact_form<EMAIL_ADDRESS>charset="utf-8" return="http://www.artisanchurch.com/groups/"} {/exp:email:contact_form}


Whoever owns this fortress must safeguard the territory from monsters or enemy clans. It is a task that requires constant vigilance -- conflict may arise at any time from any quarter!
Receive Report.
Open/Close Door.
Expel Outsiders.
Fortress Functions.
Clan Warehouse.
Fortress Management.


{% block page_title %}{% endblock %}
{% block main_content %}{% endblock %}
{# Copyright 2020 Google LLC Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. #}


| < Day Day Up > |
Chapter 2. EditingNow that you know how to enter and exit Emacs as well as the basics of working with files, it's time to learn how to move around in and edit files. Emacs offers lots of ways to move around in files. At first, you might find it confusing that there are so many ways to do the same thing. Be patient—as you learn, the confusion will lessen, and you'll begin to appreciate the variety of Emacs commands. The more ways you learn, the fewer keystrokes you'll need to get to the part of the file you want to edit. If you want to practice commands while you're reading—which will help you learn faster—start by typing a page or two from anything you happen to have handy; the newspaper is fine. That will give you some text to work with as you learn the editing skills described in this chapter. Don't worry if you make mistakes; just keep on typing. You can correct any mistakes after you learn the basic editing skills outlined here. Learning any editor is primarily a matter of forming certain finger habits rather than memorizing what the book says. You will learn the right finger habits only if you start typing. When you are typing and you get to the right side of the display, you have two options. You can press Enter to go to the next line, or you can keep typing. If you type a long line and don't press Enter, Emacs waits until you reach the end of the display. Then it puts a curved arrow at the end of the line and one at the beginning of the next line as a visual indication that the next line is a continuation of the previous line (see Figure 2-1). If Emacs is run in a nongraphical environment, a backslash (\) is used instead. Figure 2-1. Graphical versions of Emacs use curved arrows to indicate that a line is continued; terminal versions use backslashesRefill mode is a minor mode that keeps paragraphs neat as you edit them. It is not on by default. Look at the mode line. If the word Refill appears, you are in refill mode already. If not, you can turn it on for this buffer only by typing M-x refill-mode Enter. If you decide that you don't like refill mode, type M-x refill-mode Enter again.  You may decide that you want to enter refill mode automatically whenever you edit. We'll describe how to do so at the end of this chapter. In some contexts, refill mode can be annoying, and it is still a work in progress according to the Emacs manual. You may prefer auto-fill mode. You enter it in the same way; type M-x auto-fill-mode Enter. The word Fill appears on the mode line. When you type paragraphs, auto-fill mode formats them. When you edit them, however, auto-fill mode does not automatically reformat them. You do that yourself using the fill-paragraph command, M-q.  Otherwise, both modes appear on the mode line, and refill mode continues its merry automatic reformatting of paragraphs, ignoring the fact that auto-fill mode has been enabled. Watch out for one important pitfall when reformatting paragraphs. In text mode, a paragraph is any text that is indented or has a blank line before and after it. If you have a file with no blank lines, Emacs thinks it is all one long paragraph. Typing M-q takes all the text, ignoring line breaks, and makes it one long paragraph. This command is a particular problem if you have a data file, a program, or if you just prefer to write files with no blank lines. Luckily, pressing C-_ or C-x u (both for undo) magically puts things back the way they were. If you regularly create files with no blank lines, here are some suggestions:
Table 2-1 lists commands for filling text automatically and reformatting paragraphs with auto-fill mode.
|
| < Day Day Up > |


Engineering Equations and Formula Calculator
Solving for Mass
m = F / a
Force (N)
Mass (kg)
Acceleration (m/s^2)
Solving for Mass:
The Mass in kilograms is:
Imperial System
English Engineering Units
Change Units
Select to solve for different unknown value
F = m / a
a = F / m


Set the value of the progress bar above
Set the value of the progress bar above
Set the value of the progress bar above


[1]
Image quality, size; May not have the contrast range some folks want
[2]
Excellent color and contrast, above average SD.; Only one personal preference memory setting.


title=Devoxx 2012 Trip Report date=2012-11-16 type=post tags=blog status=published ~~~~~~
I had a really good - (if exhausting!) - time at Devoxx this year. The show was bigger and better than ever, and - of course - I'm happy to find that Devoxx will be again returning to Paris, but also - this time - to London! I helped man the SpringSource / Cloud Foundry booths, and then gave a 15 minute talk on Cloud Foundry, and another talk on the Spring framework. I also enjoyed running the Spring BOF, though I wish it had been held a little earlier in the evening! That said, I'm glad it wasn't! The trip from Sofia, Bulgaria - where I was a speaker in the Cloud Foundry Open Tour event in Sofia, Bulgaria - was harrowing, to say the least! I left Sofia, flew to Frankfurt, then took my connection to Brussels, which meant I still had a 40 minute train ride into Antwerp. From there, I ran to the hotel, found a cab then raced to get to Devoxx in time to run the Spring BOF. Just made it! And that's how Devoxx started for me! It only got crazier as the week rolled on. This show is also one of the best on earth to connect with friends and users of the Spring framework from all around the world. We were so busy on the SpringSource and Cloud Foundry teams that I - at least - had only a few wonderful Belgian beers this time! I'll try to fix that before I go! I can't wait until next year. Although, I'm not sure if I'll be recovered by then... |


{% for item in site.navigation %} {{ item.title }} {% endfor %}
Hi! Nice to see you found my blog. I'm Niklas, a software developer working at Squeed.
I'll be posting content related to software engineering, tools and agile practices, so stay tuned!
This sites theme is based on Good Clean Read
Last updated {{ site.time | date_to_string }}


DRAWARROW draw an arrow on the current axis usage : DRAWARROW(x1, y1, x2, y2) draw an arrow between the points (x1 y1) and (x2 y2). DRAWARROW([x1 y1 x2 y2]) also works. DRAWARROW(..., L, W) specify length and width of the arrow. DRAWARROW(..., L, W, TYPE) also specify arrow type. TYPE can be one of the following : 0 : draw only two strokes 1 : fill a triangle .5 : draw a half arrow (try it to see ...) Arguments can be single values or array of size [N*1]. In this case, the function draws multiple arrows. H = DRAWARROW(...) return handle(s) to created edges(s) --------- author : David Legland INRA - TPV URPOI - BIA IMASTE created the 11/11/2004 from drawEdge


Secret Management
This document details secret management and distribution for Kubernetes clusters, such as those provided by Tanzu Kubernetes Grid (TKG). It covers architectural considerations, secret provider integration approaches, and best practices. This document represents how the VMware field team approaches secrets in large enterprise Kubernetes environments.
Each section covers architectural recommendations and, at times, configuration for each concern. At a high-level, the key recommendations are:
- To support secrets, encryption should be active at the application, transport, and filesystem levels.
- Prefer external secret management solutions, such as
Vault over using Kubernetes as a secret store.
- While Vault is the most mature, weigh it against what you’re most familiar with.
- If using Kubernetes as a secret store, prefer using a Key Management Service
(KMS)-plugin to achieve envelope encryption.
- KMS-plugins are largely immature, unless using a managed offering.
- If using Kubernetes as a secret store and a KMS-plugin is a non-option, configure encryption at rest using a static key.
- If storing secrets declaratively is desired (e.g. in git) use sealed-secrets.
- Expose secrets in volumes; not environment variables.
- Keep applications unaware of secret providers (Vault, Kubernetes, or otherwise).
Encryption Layers
There are many layers to ensuring secrets are safe. The focus of this reference architecture is cover application-level encryption. However, this document must first address all layers. Ignoring encryption on a layer, such as transport, could cause secrets to be leaked (e.g. plain-text over HTTP) regardless of how secure a secret management solution is. The layers that should be encrypted include the Filesystem (or Disk), Transport, and Application.
Filesystem
Master nodes should always use encrypted disks. If etcd does not run on the same nodes as the Kubernetes control plane, its disk should also be fully encrypted. Encrypting the filesystem ensures volume backups, snapshots, and physical drives are protected against unauthorized access. Kubernetes master nodes typically contain secret data from certificate keys to application secrets (in etcd). On the lowest level, there is also disk encryption, which typically covers the entire disk and will include all metadata. See disk encryption vs filesystem for more details.
Transport
Transport Layer Security (TLS) should be used for communication to and from all
control plane components. This is the default mode for most Kubernetes
distributions and provisioning methods. Validation of TLS should be done against
the kube-apisever
and etcd.
Proper transport encryption between kube-apiserver, its clients, and etcd can be verified with the following flags.
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-apiserver
- --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
- --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
- --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt
- --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key
- --etcd-servers=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2379
- --insecure-port=0 # disabled and set to 0
- --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.crt
- --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-kubelet-client.key
- --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.crt
- --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.key
- --secure-port=6443
- --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
- --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.crt
- --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.key
##### Additional flags removed for brevity #####
image: k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.3
Proper transport encryption between etcd members can be verified with the following flags.
spec:
containers:
- command:
- etcd
# should use https:
- --advertise-client-urls=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2379
# should be set for tls cert
- --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt
- --client-cert-auth=true
- --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2380
- --initial-cluster=master-0=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2380
- --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key
- --listen-client-urls=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2379,https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2379
- --listen-metrics-urls=http://<IP_ADDRESS>:2381
- --listen-peer-urls=https://<IP_ADDRESS>:2380
- --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt
- --peer-client-cert-auth=true
- --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key
- --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
- --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
##### Additional flags removed for brevity #####
image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
Application
The application layer refers to encrypting a secret before persisting it to a filesystem. There are many points in time where this encryption could occur. For example, an application could retrieve a key for an external location, encrypt or decrypt a secret, and then act on the secret. More commonly, the application relies on a system capable of secret management, such as Kubernetes or HashiCorp’s Vault. This reference architecture covers the variety of approaches, architectures, and recommendations to achieve the latter. The goal is to provide applications an enterprise-grade way to store and retrieve secret objects.
Secret API Overview
Kubernetes provides a Secret API. These objects are similar to ConfigMaps in that they can be added through the API server and injected into applications. Secrets are typically injected via environment variables or volumes, which Kubernetes can do automatically. Alternatively, some applications consume Secrets by calling the Kubernetes API server directly. The key difference is that Secrets are managed via their own RBAC, which has different implications than ConfigMaps. Additionally, secret data is base64 encoded. While this is not a security measure, it is a minor detail to note.
Kubernetes Secret Defaults
The Secret object is present in every Kubernetes cluster under the v1 core APIs. The two primary fields supported by this API are:
data
: data that is base64 encoded and unencrypted.stringData
: data unencoded and unencrypted. It is stored and retrieved encoded (base64).
In summary, the following manifests produce equivalent objects once processed by
the kube-apiserver
.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
dbuser: aGVwdGlvCg==
dbkey: YmVhcmNhbm9lCg==
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
stringData:
dbuser: heptio
dbkey: bearcanoe
Technically, the annotation kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration
will show the originally sent data from kubectl
, meaning the dbuser and dbkey
will be readable without decoding in the latter example. However, since
encoding
is not a security measure, we consider these equal.
Encryption at Rest (Static Key)
Ideally, you should not rely solely on encryption at rest using a static key. While better than storing secrets in an encoded format, the encryption key lives in plain text on each kubernetes-master. Additionally, key rotation must be handled by you. You should prefer using an external secret store or leveraging a KMS-plugin. Both of these alternative approaches are covered in subsequent sections.
The Kubernetes API server supports encrypting secrets at rest. This is achieved by providing the Kubernetes API server with an encryption key, which it will use to encrypt all secret objects before sending them to etcd.
The supported encryption providers are
secretbox
: XSalsa20 and Poly1305; Recommendedaescbc
: Uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)- Assumes PKCS#7 or PKCS#5 padding; they are interchangeable.
aesgcm
: AES-GCM with random nonce
As of Kubernetes 1.17
, the documentation recommends using aescbc
. However,
this should be considered carefully. This provider is vulnerable to
Padding oracle attacks.
Additionally, it is less secure and performant than secretbox
. Issue
kubernetes/kubernetes#81127
is tracking the task to align documentation with best practices. If using static
key encryption at rest, you may wish to consider an alternative such
assecretbox
. There are some critics for secretbox
, stating its immaturity in
the crypto ecosystem may make it a non-option for some organizations.
Partnering with your security team to explain the available options and their
trade-offs is recommended. The following will demonstrate the static key
approach using secretbox
.
If static key encryption is used, a 32 byte key must be generated to encrypt and decrypt secretbox (it is symmetric). Organizations should ensure they’re following security policies and using appropriate tools to generate keys. The following example demonstrates how to generate a key on a Linux host.
head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64
On Linux hosts, /dev/urandom
is similar to /dev/random
, but it does not
block to ensure entropy. Typically /dev/urandom
is adequate for crypto
operations, but organizations should consult their security teams before using
this method.
Using the key data above, an EncryptionConfiguration
should be added to all
nodes running a kube-apiserver
. This static file should be added using
configuration management such as Ansible or
KubeadmConfigSpec.
if using Cluster API. This ensures keys can be added, deleted, and rotated. The
following example assumes the configuration is stored at
/etc/kubernetes/pki/secrets/encryption-config.yaml
.
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: EncryptionConfiguration
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- secretbox:
keys:
- name: secret-key-1
secret: u7mcOcHKbFh9eVluB18hbFIsVfwpvgbXv650QacDYXA=
# identity is a required (default) provider
- identity: {}
Placed inside of a KubeadmConfigSpec, this would look as follows.
kind: KubeadmControlPlane
apiVersion: controlplane.cluster.x-k8s.io/v1alpha3
metadata:
name: k8s-capa
spec:
infrastructureTemplate:
apiVersion: infrastructure.cluster.x-k8s.io/v1alpha3
kind: AWSMachineTemplate
name: k8s-capa-controlplane
kubeadmConfigSpec:
files:
- content: |
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: EncryptionConfiguration
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- secretbox:
keys:
- name: secret-key-1
secret: u7mcOcHKbFh9eVluB18hbFIsVfwpvgbXv650QacDYXA=
# identity is a required (default) provider
- identity: {}
owner: "root:root"
path: "/etc/kubernetes/etcd-encryption/encryption.yaml"
permissions: "0644"
The list of providers above are ordered. Meaning encryption will always occur using the first key and decryption will be attempted in order of keys listed above. Identity is the default, plain-text provider and should be last. If it’s first, secrets will not be encrypted.
To respect the above configuration, every instance of the kube-apiserver
must
be updated to load the EncryptionConfiguration
locally. In
/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
an argument can be added as
follows.
--encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/secrets/encryption-config.yaml
Once the kube-apiserver
(s) restart, this change will take effect and secrets
will be encrypted before being sent to etcd.
While data is encrypted in etcd, anyone with proper RBAC permissions to access
the secret will be able to retrieve the unencrypted, base64 encoded, value.
Improper RBAC configuration or inappropriate access to a service account can
leak secrets. Additionally, if anyone gains read access to the
/etc/kubernetes/pki/secrets
directory from above, they will have access to
decrypt secrets from etcd (assuming access to etcd).
Validation from within etcd should always be performed when enabling
encryption. All existing secrets will not be encrypted unless they are
updated via the kube-apiserver
. The following helper script can be run from a
master node to interact with etcd. This assumes
etcdctl is available on
the master node.
#!/bin/bash
# This script assumes you're running from a master node
# hosting the kube-apiserver.
# Change this based on location of etcd nodes
ENDPOINTS='<IP_ADDRESS>:2379'
ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=${ENDPOINTS} \
--cacert="/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt" \
--cert="/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt" \
--key="/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key" \
${@}
To validate encryption, one must retrieve an existing secret (pre-encryption
configuration) and a new secret (post-encryption configuration). Kubernetes
stores secrets in etcd
using the format of
/registry/secrets/${NAMESPACE}/${SECRET_NAME}
.
Assuming a pre-existing secret named login1
in the default
namespace, using
the above script reveals the plaintext data.
./etcctl-script get /registry/secrets/default/login1
/registry/secrets/default/login1
k8s
v1Secret
login1default"*$6c991b48-036c-48f8-8be3-58175913915c2bB
0kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration{"apiVersion":"v1","data":{"dbkey":"YmVhcmNhbm9lCg==","dbuser":"aGVwdGlvCg=="},"kind":"Secret","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"login1","namespace":"default"},"type":"Opaque"}
z
dbkey
bearcanoe
dbuserheptio
Opaque"
Applying a new secret, e.g. login2
, should produce results that are clearly
encrypted, such as the following.
./etcctl-script get /registry/secrets/default/login2
/registry/secrets/default/login2
k8s:enc:secretbox:v1:secret-key-1:^Dʜ
HN,lU/:L kdR<_h (fO$V
y.
r/m
MٜjVĄGP<%B0kZHY}->q|&c?a\i#xoZsVXd+8_rCצgcj[Mv<X5N):MQ'7t
'pLBxqݡ)b݉/+r49ޓ`f
6(iciQⰪſ$'.ejbprλ=Cp+R-D%q!r/pbv1_.izyPlQ)1!7@X\0
EiĿr(dwlS
With encryption set up, policies for key retention and rotation must be defined. Based on a schedule, the key should be rotated. To rotate keys, one must add a new key to the top of the list inside the provider. Since this key is first, it will be used for all new encryption. When secret objects are updated, they will be re-encrypted using this new key over time. Until then, the original key can remain in the list as a fall back decryption option.
Envelope Encryption with Key Management Service (KMS)
The following section details a viable design approach for secret management with etcd (Kubernetes) as the secret store. However, it relies on plugin implementations that are only available to cloud-providers and are largely immature. Be sure to understand the available plugins and their maturity before continuing with this approach.
Kubernetes 1.10
and later supports integrating with a KMS to achieve envelope
encryption. Envelope encryption involves two keys; the Key Encryption Key (KEK)
and the data encryption key (DEK). KEKs are stored externally in a KMS and
aren’t at risk unless the KMS provider is compromised. KEKs are used to encrypt
DEKs, which are responsible for encrypting Secret objects. Each Secret object
gets its own unique DEK to encrypt and decrypt the data. Since DEKs are
encrypted by a KEK, they can be stored with the data itself, preventing the
kube-apiserver
from needing to be aware of many keys. Architecturally, the
flow of envelope encryption would look as follows.
There can be some variance in how the above works, based on a KMS provider, but generally this demonstrates how envelope encryption functions. There are multiple benefits to the above model.
- KMS is external to Kubernetes; increasing security via isolation.
- Centralization of KEKs enables easy rotation of keys.
- Separation of DEK and KEK means secret data is never sent to or known by the KMS
- KMS is only concerned with decrypting DEKs.
- Encryption of DEKs means they are easy to store alongside their secret, making management of keys in relation to their secrets easy.
The provider plugins work by running a privileged container implementing a gRPC
server that can communicate with a remote
KMS.
This container runs exclusively on master nodes where a kube-apiserver
is
present. Then, similar to setting up encryption in the previous section, an
EncryptionConfiguration
must be added to master nodes with settings to
communicate with the KMS plugin.
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: EncryptionConfiguration
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- kms:
name: myKmsPlugin
endpoint: unix:///tmp/socketfile.sock
cachesize: 100
timeout: 3s
# required, but not used for encryption
- identity: {}
Assuming the above is saved on each master node at
/etc/kubernetes/pki/secrets/encryption-config.yaml
, the kube-apiserver
arguments must be updated to include the following.
--encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/pki/secrets/encryption-config.yaml
Changing the value should restart the kube-apiserver
. If it doesn’t, a restart
is required for the change to take effect.
From a design perspective, this is a viable model. However, kms-plugin implementations are scarce and the ones that do exist are immature. As of March 2020, the following data points are true. There are no tagged releases for the aws-encryption-provider (AWS) or the k8s-cloudkms-plugin (Google). Azure’s plugin kubernetes-kms has notable limitations such as no support for key rotation. So with the exception of running in a managed service, such as GKE where the KMS-plugin is automatically available and supported by Google, usage may prove unstable. Lastly, the only cloud-provider agnostic KMS plugin available was kubernetes-vault-kms-plugin, which was only partially implemented and has been archived (abandoned).
External Secret Management
Our preference is to use an external secret store instead of Kubernetes. Regardless of whether Kubernetes secrets are encrypted at rest. Instead, we recommend using an external secret store such as HashiCorp’s Vault. Over time, if KMS-plugins mature and see larger adoption, they could be a viable alternative to external stores. Most external secret stores feature advanced management capabilities, permission configuration, HSM support, and key rotation settings. The primary downside to using an external secret store is you must gain familiarity with it and, most importantly, you may need to operate the store. As secrets are often critical to the overall platform, operating this in a performant and resilient manner adds to an organization’s operational overhead.
VMware does not prefer any specific store. Vault is used as the example for many of the following secret integration patterns. Vault is not a VMware project or supported by VMware. It is a CNCF project, widely adopted inside and outside of Kubernetes, has been used in many customer deployments, and has many integration capabilities with Kubernetes. It is crucial an organization understands how to operate Vault before adopting it as their secret manager.
For testing purposes, Vault can be deployed inside Kubernetes using the Helm chart at https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/platform/k8s/helm/run. This is not a production-ready deployment of Vault. Individuals with Vault expertise and/or HashiCorp should be consulted if running Vault in production.
Once an external secret store is available to workloads in Kubernetes, there are several options for retrieval. The following covers these approaches, our recommendations, and trade-offs. In the following, we’ll cover each design approach to consuming secrets and describe Vault’s implementation.
Workload Sidecar Retrieval
This approach runs an initContainer and/or sidecar container to communicate with an external secret store. Typically, secrets are injected into the pod’s filesystem, making them available to all containers running in a pod. We highly recommend this approach when possible. The major benefit is it decouples the secret store entirely from the application. However, this does make the platform more complex, as facilitating secret injection is now an offering of the Kubernetes-based platform.
Vault’s implementation of this model uses a
MutatingWebhook
pointed at a vault-agent-injector
. As pods are created, based on annotations,
the vault-agent-injector adds an initContainer
(used for retrieval of the
initial secret) and a sidecar container to keep secrets updated, if needed.
To facilitate mutation via the vault-agent-injector
, a
MutatingWebhookConfiguration
is added, as follows.
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: MutatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/instance: vault
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/name: vault-agent-injector
name: vault-agent-injector-cfg
webhooks:
- admissionReviewVersions:
- v1beta1
clientConfig:
caBundle: REDACTED
service:
name: vault-agent-injector-svc
namespace: default
path: /mutate
port: 443
failurePolicy: Ignore
matchPolicy: Exact
name: vault.hashicorp.com
namespaceSelector: {}
objectSelector: {}
reinvocationPolicy: Never
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
apiVersions:
- v1
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- pods
scope: "*"
sideEffects: Unknown
timeoutSeconds: 30
The mutating webhook is invoked on every pod CREATE
or UPDATE
event.
While evaluation will occur on every pod, not every pod will be mutated, or
injected with a vault-agent
. The vault-agent-injector
is looking for 2
annotations in every pod spec.
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject: "true"
: Instructs the injector to include avault-agent
initContainer
, which retrieves secrets and writes them to the pod’s filesystem, prior to other containers starting.vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-status: "update"
: Instructs the injector to include avault-agent
sidecar, which runs alongside the workload. It will update the secret, should it change in Vault. TheinitContainer
still runs in this mode. This parameter is optional and when it is not included, the sidecar is not added.
When the vault-agent-injector
does a mutation based on
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject: "true"
, the following is added.
initContainers:
- args:
- echo ${VAULT_CONFIG?} | base64 -d > /tmp/config.json && vault agent -config=/tmp/config.json
command:
- /bin/sh
- -ec
env:
- name: VAULT_CONFIG
value: eyJhd
image: vault:1.3.2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: vault-agent-init
securityContext:
runAsGroup: 1000
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 100
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /vault/secrets
name: vault-secrets
Note: Some configuration was removed for brevity.
When the vault-agent-injector
sees the annotation
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-status: "update"
, the following is added.
containers:
#
# ORIGINAL WORKLOAD CONTAINER REMOVED FOR BREVITY
#
- name: vault-agent
args:
- echo ${VAULT_CONFIG?} | base64 -d > /tmp/config.json && vault agent -config=/tmp/config.json
command:
- /bin/sh
- -ec
env:
- name: VAULT_CONFIG
value: asdfasdfasd
image: vault:1.3.2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
securityContext:
runAsGroup: 1000
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 100
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /vault/secrets
name: vault-secrets
Note: Some configuration was removed for brevity.
An unfortunate detail (as of March 2020) of the vault-sidecar implementation is the use of the entire vault image. This is the entire image (~50MB) used to run a Vault server, not just a client. Thus there is unneeded bloat from packages, code, and more.
With the agents present, they will retrieve and download secrets based on the pod annotations, such as the following annotation that requests a database secret from Vault.
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-secret-db-creds: "serets/db/creds"
By default, secret value will be persisted as if a Go
map was printed out. Syntactically, it
appears as follows. All secrets are put into /vault/secrets
.
key: map[k:v],
key: map[k:v]
Where k
would be the key and v
would be the value.
To ensure formatting of a secret is optimal for consumption, Vault supports
adding templates into the annotation of pods. This uses standard Go
templating. For example, to create a
JDBC connection string, the following template can be applied to a secret named
creds
.
spec:
template:
metadata:
annotations:
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject: "true"
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-status: "update"
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-secret-db-creds: "secrets/db/creds"
vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-template-db-creds: |
{{- with secret "secrets/db/creds" -}}
jdbc:oracle:thin:{{ .Data.data.username }}/{{ .Data.data.password }}@//<IP_ADDRESS>:4464/app
{{- end }}
If using Vault’s sidecar injector, be sure to review the available annotations.
Application Secret Retrieval
In this approach, the application hosts logic to communicate with the external
secret store. Ideally, depending on the technology, using pre-existing client
libraries. The major benefit to this approach is taking secret consumption
concerns out of the realm of the platform. This is especially important when
there is no centralized secret management facilities and application teams use a
wide array of technologies. However, this comes with two major downsides. One is
applications must be “aware” of the secret store provider. They cannot just rely
on an environment variable or a volume existing, making them less portable.
Second, there is more code required from application teams. This increases
application concerns and introduces opportunity for security mistakes to be
made, such as accidentally leaving a logger
present that prints out what is
retrieved from Vault.
The Vault project features several client-libraries that enable applications to talk directly to Vault. The Vault project’s API docs has a master reference.
An example of this approach can be seen in The Spring
Framework. A developer can
utilize the Vault integration by importing
org.springframework.vault.spring-vault-dependencies
.
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.vault</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-vault-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
<scope>import</scope>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
A bean can then be created describing where and how to reach Vault.
ClientAuthentication
is shown below, but realistically developers will use a
system such as AWS-IAM
, GCP-IAM
, or TLS-Cert
. Examples of every
authentication method can be found in the reference
documentation.
@Configuration
public class VaultConfig extends AbstractVaultConfiguration {
/**
* Endpoint for vault load balancer.
*/
@Override
public VaultEndpoint vaultEndpoint() {
return new VaultEndpoint();
}
/**
* Credentials for client
* You SHOULD replace this
*/
@Override
public ClientAuthentication clientAuthentication() {
return new TokenAuthentication("…");
}
}
Spring developers may then utilize @VaultPropertySource
to inject secrets
throughout their application.
@Configuration
@VaultPropertySource("secret/db-creds")
public class AppConfig {
@Autowired
Environment env;
@Bean
public TestBean testBean() {
TestBean testBean = new TestBean();
testBean.setPassword(env.getProperty("database.password"));
return testBean;
}
}
These examples provide Java developers ultimate flexibility in their consumption and usage of Vault-managed secrets.
CSI Secret Store Driver Retrieval
The Kubernetes-Secrets-Store-CSI-Driver offers a common way to expose secrets, hosted in enterprise-grade secret-management systems. They are exposed through Kubernetes volumes. This model achieves the same as the injector-sidecar described in the previous section. With the added benefit of a consistent driver experience where providers can be plugged in. It offers creation of StorageClasses, which developers can then consume with details about the specific secret they need.
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
name: db-creds
spec:
provider: vault
parameters:
roleName: "my-role"
vaultAddress: "http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8000"
vaultSkipTLSVerify: "true"
objects: |
array:
- |
objectPath: "/secret/db"
objectName: "creds"
objectVersion: ""
Workloads can then consume the secret as a volume
.
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: busybox
spec:
containers:
- image:
name: busybox
volumeMounts:
- name: secrets-store-inline
mountPath: "/vault/secrets"
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: secrets-store-inline
csi:
driver: secrets-store.csi.k8s.com
readOnly: true
volumeAttributes:
secretProviderClass: "db-creds"
Ideally, this approach will be the future of external secret store integration. However, we do not recommend this approach today. As of Kubernetes 1.18, the providers (Azure and Vault) are only partially implemented. Tracking this project or creating your own provider is advised as a future replacement for the Workload Sidecar Injector approach.
Sealed Secrets
Sealed secrets are not a replacement for proper secret management; Their primary benefit is to enable developers to encrypt secrets and store them safely in locations such as git repositories. From a Kubernetes perspective, the private key used by the controller is stored in plain text in etcd. Additionally, the unsealed version of secrets are stored and managed as plain-text Kubernetes secrets. Thus, application-level encryption of secrets in etcd remains a critical concern.
Sealed secrets offer a mechanism to enable developers to encrypt secrets
locally. These encrypted secrets can only be decrypted by the controller running
in the Kubernetes cluster. This makes secrets safe, even when stored in public
locations. This encrypting happens through a command-line utility run by
developers, called
kubeseal. Along
with kubeseal
, a sealed-secret-controller
runs in the cluster facilitating
decryption of requested secrets. In essence, sealed secrets leverage asymmetric
cryptography where
clients can use the public key to encrypt but only the
sealed-secret-controller
holds the private key to decrypt. The
sealed-secret-controller
is deployed first in the cluster.
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/bitnami-labs/sealed-secrets/releases/download/v0.12.6/controller.yaml
Releases of sealed secrets can be found at the GitHub releases page.
Upon deployment, the controller generates the public and private key pair. After
a developer downloads
kubeseal, it can
fetch the public key, which is used for encryption. The public (cert) and
private (key) are stored in a Kubernetes Secret under
kube-system/sealed-secret-key
. Fetching the public cert will be done
automatically by creating a proxy to the sealed-secret-controller
via the
kube-apiserver
. You can force retrieval with the following command.
kubeseal --fetch-cert
This cert can be stored locally or in alternative external locations if this flow is not realistic for all developer workstations.
Interaction to download the public key is achieved via the controller. Users
should not be given access to kube-system/sealed-secret-key
. This object
contains the private key.
Once the public key is loaded in kubeseal
, developers can generate
SealedSecret
CRDs that contain (encrypted) secret data. These CRDs are stored
in etcd. The sealed-secret-controller
makes the secrets available using
standard Kubernetes Secrets. To ensure SealedSecret
data is converted to a
Secret correctly, developers specify templates in the SealedSecret
object.
Developers can start with a Kubernetes secret, like any other.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysecret
type: Opaque
data:
dbuser: aGVwdGlvCg==
dbkey: YmVhcmNhbm9lCg==
To “seal” the secret, a developer may run kubeseal
against the above secret
and it will generate an encrypted output in JSON.
kubeseal mysecret.yaml
{
"kind": "SealedSecret",
"apiVersion": "bitnami.com/v1alpha1",
"metadata":
{ "name": "mysecret", "namespace": "default", "creationTimestamp": null },
"spec":
{
"template":
{
"metadata":
{
"name": "mysecret",
"namespace": "default",
"creationTimestamp": null,
},
"type": "Opaque",
},
"encryptedData":
{ "dbkey": "gCHJL+3bTRLw6vL4Gf......", "dbuser": "AgCHJL+3bT......" },
},
"status": {},
}
The above SealedSecret
object can be placed anywhere. As long as the sealing
key, held by the sealed-secret-controller
is not compromised, the data will be
safe. Rotation is especially important in this model. It’s covered in a
subsequent section.
Once applied, the flow and storage looks as follows.
The Secret object, made by the sealed-secret-controller
is owned by its
corresponding SealedSecret
CRD.
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: bitnami.com/v1alpha1
controller: true
kind: SealedSecret
name: mysecret
uid: 49ce4ab0-3b48-4c8c-8450-d3c90aceb9ee
This means if the SealedSecret is deleted, its corresponding Secret
object
will be garbage collected.
Key Renewal
If the sealed-secret private key is leaked (perhaps due to RBAC misconfiguration), every secret should be considered compromised. It’s especially important that the sealing key is renewed on an interval and that you understand the scope of “renewal”. The default behavior is for this key to be renewed every 30 days. It does not replace the existing keys; instead it is appended to the existing list of keys that can unseal. However, the new key is used for all new encryption activity. Most importantly, existing sealed secrets are not re-encrypted.
In the event of a leaked key, you should:
- Immediately renew your secret.
- Rotate all existing secrets.
Remember that just re-encrypting isn’t good enough. For example, someone could easily go into git history, find the old encrypted asset, and use the compromised key on it. Generally speaking, you should have rotation and renewal strategies for passwords and keys respectively.
Sealed-secrets does not support integration with HSM modules or KMS providers.
Access Policy
Sealed Secrets use a trick where the namespace is used during encryption. This
provides an isolation mechanic where a SealedSecret
truly belong to the
namespace it was created in and cannot just be moved between them. Generally,
this default behavior is the most secure and should just be left as is. However
there are additional access policies for those that need more flexibility. The
following scopes can be set on the controller.
-
strict
(default): the secret must be sealed with exactly the same name and namespace. These attributes become part of the encrypted data and thus changing name and/or namespace would lead to “decryption error”. -
namespace-wide
: you can freely rename the sealed secret within a given namespace. -
cluster-wide
: the secret can be unsealed in any namespace and can be given any name.
Application Considerations
Application consumption of secrets is highly dependent on the language and frameworks at play. While variance is high, there are general best practices we recommend encouraging application developers consider.
Always Audit Secret Interaction
Kubernetes cluster should be configured with auditing enabled. Auditing allows you to specify the events that occur around specific resources. This will tell you when and by whom a resource was interacted with. For mutations, it will also detail what changed. Auditing secret events is critical in reacting to access issues. For details about auditing, see the cluster audit documentation.
Don’t leak secrets
While leaking secrets is never desirable, in multi-tenant Kubernetes environments it’s important to consider how secrets can be leaked. A common occurrence is to accidentally log a secret. Logs go to stdout/stderr and are, in many Kubernetes-based platforms, forwarded to a log analysis platform. This means the secret may pass in plain text through many environments and systems.
Kubernetes is primarily a declarative system. Developers write manifests that can easily contain secret data, especially when testing. Developers should work with caution to ensure secrets used while testing don’t get committed into source control repositories. If storing secret data declaratively alongside the application is desirable, see the sealed-secret section of this reference architecture.
Prefer volumes over environment variables
The most common ways to access secrets provided by Kubernetes is to propagate the value into an environment variable or volumes. For most applications, volumes should be preferred. Environment variables have a higher chance of being leaked through various means. For example, an echo command performed while testing. Most importantly, when secrets change, volumes are automatically updated; this will enable hot-reloading of secrets such as tokens. For a secret change to take place with environment variables, pods must be restarted.
Make secret store providers unknown to your application
There are several approaches an application can take to retrieve and consume its required secrets. These can range from calling a secret store within business logic to expecting an environment variable to be set on start-up. Following the philosophy of separation of concerns, we recommend implementing secret consumption in a way that whether Kubernetes, Vault, or other providers are managing the secret does not matter to the application. Achieving this makes your application portable, platform agnostic, and reduces complexity of your apps interaction. Complexity is considered reduced because for an application to retrieve secrets from a provider it needs to both understand how to talk to the provider and be able to authenticate for communication with the provider.
To achieve this provider-agnostic implementation, applications should prefer loading secrets from Environment variables or volumes. Considering the coverage in previous sections, volumes are the most ideal. In this model, an application will assume the presence of secrets in one or many volumes. Since volumes can be updated dynamically (without pod restart) the application can watch the filesystem if a hot-reload of secrets is desired. By consuming from the container’s local filesystem, it does not matter whether the backing store is Kubernetes or otherwise. See the Vault section of this reference architecture to understand how injection sidecar containers can be used to achieve this model.
Some application frameworks, such as Spring, include libraries to communicate directly to the API server and auto inject secrets and configuration. While these utilities are convenient, consider the points above to determine what approaches hold most value to your application.


{% for module in subunit.1 %}
{% if module.1|length == 5 %}
{% else %}
{% if module.1|length > 5 %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}
{% endif %}
{% if module.0.order in mark %}
module {{ module.0.order }}
{% else %}
module {{ module.0.order }}
{% endif %}
{% for domain in module.1 %}
{% with domain|classname as domainclass %}
{% if domainclass in notips %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
{% endfor %}
Secondary structure predictions were computed with SSpro8 in the SCRATCH suite.
SSpro8 adopts the full DSSP 8-class output classification, and provides a single letter prediction for each residue. Please scroll to the end of the heatmap for a color key.
Secondary structure predictions are encoded as follows:
H: alpha-helix
G: 3-10-helix
I: pi-helix (extremely rare)
E: extended strand
B: beta-bridge
T: turn
S: bend
C: the rest
Solvent accessibility predictions were computed with ACCpro20 in the SCRATCH suite.
ACCpro20 predicts the relative solvent accessibility at all thresholds between 0% and 95% at 5% increments, and provides an integer prediction for each residue. Please scroll to the end of the heatmap for a color key.


So I got a gram of some very pure, very white, very potent JWH-018 off the net for around $30. This is is purest form of JWH-018 I have ever come across as well. The bag looked from eyeballing it to have slightly more than a gram in it, but then again, I had no scale and the little baggie was really full.
My first two or three tries to make it work in a light-bulb vaporizer didn't work very well due to leaks around the cap and the high-heat needed to vaporize the chemical kept blacking the bulb up with the candle I was using, so revamping my approach I went to the smoke shop and got some berry-flavored blunt wraps to help with the taste. I tore open the package and unrolled one blunt wrap and gently dried it out with my lighter to make it lay flat and make it easier to work with.  I folded the piece of wrap in half then laid it flat again to give me a small crease to put the powder into. I scooped out a small lump with the end of nail-file, but it looked like a very small amount so I scooped a tiny bit more on and then folded the powder up into the blunt wrap like a little ball.
 I inhaled all the smoke easily, way easier than a huge weed bowl. I held it for 10 seconds or so and then exhaled, barely blowing any smoke out at all. Couldn't even tasted the JWH-018 at all because of the blunt wrap smoke. While I was waiting to come up I drank 1 16oz Miller High-Life beer to get a buzz going. This turned out to be a terrible mistake. *WARNING* DO NOT MIX JWH-018 (or any of the other ones, as far as I can tell) with alcohol AT ALL! To put this in perspective a normal day is waking up and smoking a blunt and drinking a 22 or 40oz of high gravity Old English just to get the day started, so being drunk and high is nothing new to me at all. So anyways... to sum up until the interesting part...
T0:00 Ingested the smoke mentioned above.
T0:01 Popped a beer and drank it.
T0:05 Coming up, and fast.
T0:10 Oh shit... what did I do to myself? I'm high, but too high, with none of the euphoric joy that comes with being too high on weed. Is this poison?

 Huge mistake.
T0:25 I'm on the other side of the block from my house when I notice that I'm not controlling my leg movements anymore and that the way I am walking is completely odd looking, but I can't control it... I'm not in control anymore, instinct is.
T0:35 I am stuck on the curb. Everything is so out of balance I can't stand. All the houses feel oddly close together. I can't explain it but it REALLY bothered me to look at the houses around me... they were like getting closer and closer together and shrinking in around me, yet not moving at all... complete psychological paradox, but I'm too high and sick to comprehend or enjoy it.
T0:40 I stumble home with my dog in my arms... I have no idea why I'm carrying her but it felt very important to do so. I am no long in control of the reasoning department of my brain. It has compeletly short-circuited.
T0:45 I make it into my bedroom and lock the door behind me just in time to get a huge wave of nauseousness hit me. I puke everything in my stomach out on to my carpet. I am too sick to care. I puke 8 more times without moving, I pull every muscle in my body puking and holding onto to whatever I can to keep from collapsing.
T1:00 After puking, I sit on my bed to combat the spins I got from puking. The smell makes the spins go even harder and harder. I closed my eyes and that's when the visual and mental hallucinations really started.

T1:30 I am seeing distinct CEV now... fractal-like in nature, but with shape and definition and not quite as psychedelic. It had a distinct neon-werewolf look to it... and it was circling around my head, inside my head but outside my vision, mocking me and telling me I was close to death. I notice that I feel like I am losing all my hair and teeth.
T2:00 I am semi-awake, semi-dreaming at this point, slipping into and out of consciousness. I really wish I had some novacaine to numb my mouth, my teeth hurt sooo bad for some reason.  Just look at you...  Just look at you...'.
T3:00 The hallucinations won't stop, they don't subside, they just keep layering. I am seeing the neon-werewolf fractal pattern circling my head, my parents over my grave, and my own voice screaming at me in my head.
T20:00 So I just slept for 17 hours... I have a killer headache and everything feels OK I guess.
I am almost certain that what I had in hind-sight was a cannabinoid-induced schizophrenic reaction to the drug mixed with the alcohol. I am not a schizophrenic, I have never been diagnosed with it, but the vividness and nature of the hallucinations, and how real it all felt to me at the time it all matches up with paranoid schizophrenic behavior. Even with the bad experience above, once I learned to not mix it with alcohol and I found the right dosage I was good and I could actually somewhat enjoy the high, but I think I'll stick with weed when I can get it!
JWH-018 is a full-agonist of the cannabinoid receptors, whereas the cannabinoids in good old fashioned weed are partial-agonists. This could explain the reason why it is a more paranoid and less euphoric feel than weed itself as well.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Description
The purpose of this assignment is to learn how to create a list of links in our site. It also is for learning how to create a site in production server
- First we need to build a site
- Then we test site on our local server
- Now upload site to hidden directory on production sever for more tests
- Approved sites will be go to the sever live