Patterson's
Pattern Library
Some of the struggles ...
What is the Pattern Library?
Mechanism to apply brand standards across many Patterson web
platforms built on-top of different technologies.
Some of the struggles...
How much JavaScript/functionality?
How open-ended should the CSS class structure be? All the utilities?
Non-FED "audience"
Working in parallel with design (very common one I'd imagine)


--- layout: post title: First lecture of this journalistic year ---
This is the very first thing that the MA in Multimedia Journalism of the University of Westminster offers to its students. The room was filled with this oh-my-god feeling.


Match Play. Red trails 3-4 to 5 (Crawford Game). How should Red play 54?
pips Red=96 White=95
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This one is fairly straightforward.
For money with a centred cube 6/1, 5/1 would be clear as Red cannot win a gammon. For money with White owning a 2-cube 13/4* just edges out 6/1, 5/1 because of the gammon wins.
At 3-4 to 5 (Crawford) gammons are perfectly efficient for Red and so it is no surprise that 13/4* is the correct play. Now 6/1, 5/1 is nearly a blunder.
For money with a centred cube 6/1, 5/1 would be clear as Red cannot win a gammon. For money with White owning a 2-cube 13/4* just edges out 6/1, 5/1 because of the gammon wins.
At 3-4 to 5 (Crawford) gammons are perfectly efficient for Red and so it is no surprise that 13/4* is the correct play. Now 6/1, 5/1 is nearly a blunder.
1. Cubeful 0-ply 13/4* Eq.: +0.481 0.665 0.076 0.002 - 0.335 0.089 0.001 2. Cubeful 0-ply 6/1 5/1 Eq.: +0.244 (-0.237) 0.596 0.026 0.000 - 0.404 0.020 0.000 3. Cubeful 0-ply 7/3 7/2 Eq.: +0.228 (-0.253) 0.594 0.020 0.000 - 0.406 0.019 0.000 4. Cubeful 0-ply 13/8 6/2 Eq.: +0.031 (-0.450) 0.490 0.025 0.000 - 0.510 0.060 0.000 5. Cubeful 0-ply 13/8 5/1 Eq.: +0.030 (-0.451) 0.484 0.031 0.000 - 0.516 0.068 0.000


OSMOSIS JONES A film review by Norm Schrager Copyright 2001 filmcritic.com
Have you ever wondered what goes on in the back of your nose when you sneeze? The Farrelly Brothers have. And in their traditional gross-out fashion, they'd like to show you.
There you have Osmosis Jones, a combination of clunky live action and cool, creative animation that tries too hard to please both adults and kiddies while journeying inside one disgusting body.
That body belongs to Frank the zookeeper (Bill Murray), a greasy, out-of-shape, wart of a single Dad. He doesn't exercise, his hygiene sucks, and he eats food that's fallen to the ground. Once we're introduced to his unpleasant exterior, we quickly meet his vile interior.
In a few ingenious animated sequences, Frank's insides literally burst to life as the "City of Frank," complete with its own infrastructure, police department, and greedy, corrupt mayor (nicely overdone by none other than the voice of William Shatner). Frank's white blood cells, led by super-slick upstart cop Osmosis (voiced by Chris Rock), fight a constant, border patrol-style battle against invading germs and diseases.
The central story is a gentle spoof of buddy cop movies: Jones teams up with a high-powered cold capsule named Drix (voiced by the steady, deadpan David Hyde Pierce) in an attempt to shut down a renegade virus (played with a mean funkiness by Laurence Fishburne). This nasty illness is looking to make history by offing Frank in just 48 hours, and this unlikely duo must stop him. Even if their "fantastic voyage" takes them into a seedy nightclub in one of Frank's zits.
The animation, directed by former story artists Piet Kroon (The Iron Giant) and Tom Sito (Antz), is wonderfully colorful and energetic, looking like a spiffed-up Merrie Melodies cartoon. In fact, some of the more harmless germs look like those little aliens in another half-animated Warner movie, Space Jam.
The biology puns, both visual and vocal, are there as is expected, with plenty of requisite references to a litany of bodily functions including peeing and puking (the rule seems to be: the more liquid and mucus, the better).
But with all the endless opportunity to jam-pack both the frame and the script, Osmosis Jones is surprisingly tame. The Farrellys, and first-time screenwriter Marc Hyman, almost appear to be holding back, not wanting to give the smaller viewers (this is PG-rated) sensory overload. The filmmakers would rather devote their time to juicing up the urban, radio-friendly soundtrack, which becomes so blatant it's annoying. So in peeling back some of the laughs, Osmosis Jones becomes just a handful of chuckles by the film's end.
It does manage to hold interest until then, even if the live-action sequences with Bill Murray and daughter Elena Franklin feel quickly cobbled together and look dreadfully grainy and flat (I think all the money was spent on the animated bits). Molly Shannon, as the daughter's teacher, is a riot, happily stealing both scenes in which she appears.
And, as in any movie aimed toward kids, and doubly so if directed by guys named Farrelly, you'll find just about every yucky body release imaginable. But, what's this? No fart jokes? Oh, they save those for the end. No pun intended.

Visit filmcritic.com on the Web at http://www.filmcritic.com
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29064 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 242394 X-RT-TitleID: 1109255 X-RT-SourceID: 178 X-RT-AuthorID: 943 X-RT-RatingText: 3/5
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Comma Separated Value (.csv)
Driver short name
CSV
Driver built-in by default
This driver is built-in by default
OGR supports reading and writing primarily non-spatial tabular data stored in text CSV files. CSV files are a common interchange format between software packages supporting tabular data and are also easily produced manually with a text editor or with end-user written scripts or programs.
While in theory .csv files could have any extension, in order to auto-recognise the format OGR only supports CSV files ending with the extension ".csv". The datasource name may be either a single CSV file or point to a directory. For a directory to be recognised as a .csv datasource at least half the files in the directory need to have the extension .csv. One layer (table) is produced from each .csv file accessed. Starting with GDAL 3.7, pipe separated values files with .psv extension are also recognized.
For files structured as CSV, but not ending with .CSV extension, the 'CSV:' prefix can be added before the filename to force loading by the CSV driver.
The OGR CSV driver supports reading and writing. Because the CSV format has variable length text lines, reading is done sequentially. Reading features in random order will generally be very slow. OGR CSV layer might have a coordinate system stored in a .prj file (see GeoCSV specification). When reading a field named "WKT" is assumed to contain WKT geometry, but also is treated as a regular field. The OGR CSV driver returns all attribute columns as string data types if no field type information file (with .csvt extension) is available.
Limited type recognition can be done for Integer, Real, String, Date (YYYY-MM-DD), Time (HH:MM:SS+nn), DateTime (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS+nn) columns through a descriptive file with the same name as the CSV file, but a .csvt extension. In a single line the types for each column have to be listed with double quotes and be comma separated (e.g., "Integer","String"). It is also possible to specify explicitly the width and precision of each column, e.g. "Integer(5)","Real(10.7)","String(15)". The driver will then use these types as specified for the csv columns. Subtypes can be passed between parenthesis, such as "Integer(Boolean)", "Integer(Int16)" and "Real(Float32)". Starting with GDAL 2.1, accordingly with the GeoCSV specification, the "CoordX" or "Point(X)" type can be used to specify a column with longitude/easting values, "CoordY" or "Point(Y)" for latitude/northing values and "WKT" for geometries encoded in WKT
Starting with GDAL 2.2, the "JSonStringList", "JSonIntegerList", "JSonInteger64List" and "JSonRealList" types can be used in .csvt to map to the corresponding OGR StringList, IntegerList, Integer64List and RealList types. The field values are then encoded as JSon arrays, with proper CSV escaping.
Automatic field type guessing can also be done if specifying the open options described in the below "Open options" section.
Driver capabilities
Supports Create()
This driver supports the GDALDriver::Create()
operation
Supports Georeferencing
This driver supports georeferencing
Supports VirtualIO
This driver supports virtual I/O operations (/vsimem/, etc.)
Format
CSV files have one line for each feature (record) in the layer (table).
The attribute field values are separated by commas. At least two fields
per line must be present. Lines may be terminated by a DOS (CR/LF) or
Unix (LF) style line terminators. Each record should have the same
number of fields. The driver will also accept a semicolon, a tabulation,
a pipe, or a space character as field separator.
Starting with GDAL 3.8, the autodection will select the separator with the
most occurrences if there are several candidates on the first line of the CSV
file (and warn about that). The SEPARATOR
open option may also be set to
define the desired separator.
Previous versions select comma by default when there are several potential
separators.
Complex attribute values (such as those containing commas, quotes or newlines) may be placed in double quotes. Any occurrences of double quotes within the quoted string should be doubled up to "escape" them.
By default, the driver attempts to treat the first line of the file as a list of field names for all the fields. However, if one or more of the names is all numeric it is assumed that the first line is actually data values and dummy field names are generated internally (field_1 through field_n) and the first record is treated as a feature. Numeric values are treated as field names if they are enclosed in double quotes. Starting with GDAL 2.1, this behavior can be modified via the HEADERS open option.
All CSV files are treated as UTF-8 encoded. A
Byte Order Mark (BOM) at the beginning of the file will be parsed
correctly. The layer creation option WRITE_BOM
can be used to create a file
with a Byte Order Mark, which can improve compatibility with some
software (particularly Excel).
Example (employee.csv):
ID,Salary,Name,Comments
132,55000.0,John Walker,"The ""big"" cheese."
133,11000.0,Jane Lake,Cleaning Staff
Note that the Comments value for the first data record is placed in double quotes because the value contains quotes, and those quotes have to be doubled up so we know we haven't reached the end of the quoted string yet.
Many variations of textual input are sometimes called Comma Separated Value files, including files without commas, but fixed column widths, those using tabs as separators or those with other auxiliary data defining field types or structure. This driver does not attempt to support all such files, but instead to support simple .csv files that can be auto-recognised. Scripts or other mechanisms can generally be used to convert other variations into a form that is compatible with the OGR CSV driver.
Reading CSV containing spatial information
Building point geometries
Consider the following CSV file (test.csv):
Latitude,Longitude,Name
48.1,0.25,"First point"
49.2,1.1,"Second point"
47.5,0.75,"Third point"
Starting with GDAL 2.1, it is possible to directly specify the potential
names of the columns that can contain X/longitude and Y/latitude with
the X_POSSIBLE_NAMES
and Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES
open option.
ogrinfo -ro -al test.csv -oo X_POSSIBLE_NAMES=Lon* -oo Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES=Lat* -oo KEEP_GEOM_COLUMNS=NO will return :
OGRFeature(test):1
Name (String) = First point
POINT (0.25 48.1)
OGRFeature(test):2
Name (String) = Second point
POINT (1.1 49.2)
OGRFeature(test):3
Name (String) = Third point
POINT (0.75 47.5)
If CSV file does not have a header line, the dummy "field_n" names can be used as possible names for coordinate fields. For example plain XYZ point data can be opened as
ogrinfo -ro -al elevation.xyz -oo X_POSSIBLE_NAMES=field_1 -oo Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES=field_2 -oo Z_POSSIBLE_NAMES=field_3
Otherwise, if one or several columns contain a geometry definition
encoded as WKT, WKB (encoded in hexadecimal) or GeoJSON (in which case
the GeoJSON content must be formatted to follow CSV rules, that is to
say it must be surrounded by double-quotes, and double-quotes inside the
string must be repeated for proper escaping), the name of such column(s)
the GEOM_POSSIBLE_NAMES
open option.
For older versions, it is possible to extract spatial information (points) from a CSV file which has columns for the X and Y coordinates, through the use of the VRT driver.
You can write the associated VRT file (test.vrt):
<OGRVRTDataSource>
<OGRVRTLayer name="test">
<SrcDataSource>test.csv</SrcDataSource>
<GeometryType>wkbPoint</GeometryType>
<LayerSRS>WGS84</LayerSRS>
<GeometryField encoding="PointFromColumns" x="Longitude" y="Latitude"/>
</OGRVRTLayer>
</OGRVRTDataSource>
and ogrinfo -ro -al test.vrt will return :
OGRFeature(test):1
Latitude (String) = 48.1
Longitude (String) = 0.25
Name (String) = First point
POINT (0.25 48.1 0)
OGRFeature(test):2
Latitude (String) = 49.2
Longitude (String) = 1.1
Name (String) = Second point
POINT (1.1 49.200000000000003 0)
OGRFeature(test):3
Latitude (String) = 47.5
Longitude (String) = 0.75
Name (String) = Third point
POINT (0.75 47.5 0)
Building line geometries
Consider the following CSV file (test.csv):
way_id,pt_id,x,y
1,1,2,49
1,2,3,50
2,1,-2,49
2,2,-3,50
With a GDAL build with Spatialite enabled, ogrinfo test.csv -dialect SQLite -sql "SELECT way_id, MakeLine(MakePoint(CAST(x AS float),CAST(y AS float))) FROM test GROUP BY way_id" will return :
OGRFeature(SELECT):0
way_id (String) = 1
LINESTRING (2 49,3 50)
OGRFeature(SELECT):1
way_id (String) = 2
LINESTRING (-2 49,-3 50)
VSI Virtual File System API support
The driver supports reading and writing to files managed by VSI Virtual File System API, which include "regular" files, as well as files in the /vsizip/ (read-write) , /vsigzip/ (read-only) , /vsicurl/ (read-only) domains.
Writing to /dev/stdout or /vsistdout/ is also supported.
Open options
The following open options can be specified (typically with the -oo name=value parameters of ogrinfo or ogr2ogr):
SEPARATOR=[AUTO/COMMA/SEMICOLON/TAB/SPACE/PIPE]: (GDAL >= 3.8) Defaults to
AUTO
. Field separator character. Default value is AUTO for autodetection.MERGE_SEPARATOR=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Setting it to YES will enable merging consecutive separators. Mostly useful when it is the space character.AUTODETECT_TYPE=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Setting it to YES will enable auto-detection of field data types. If while reading the records (beyond the records used for autodetection), a value is found to not correspond to the autodetected data type, a warning will be emitted and the field will be emptied.KEEP_SOURCE_COLUMNS=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. keep a copy of the original columns where the guessing is active, and the guessed type is different from string. The name of the original columns will be suffixed with "_original". This flag should be used only when ..oo::AUTODETECT_TYPE=YES.AUTODETECT_WIDTH=[YES/NO/STRING_ONLY]: Defaults to
NO
. Setting it to YES to detect the width of string and integer fields, and the width and precision of real fields. Setting it to STRING_ONLY restricts to string fields. Setting it to NO select default size and width. If while reading the records (beyond the records used for autodetection), a value is found to not correspond to the autodetected width/precision, a warning will be emitted and the field will be emptied.AUTODETECT_SIZE_LIMIT=<bytes>: Defaults to
1000000
. size to specify the number of bytes to inspect to determine the data type and width/precision. The default will be 1 000 000. Setting 0 means inspecting the whole file. Note: when reading from standard input, this will be limited to 1 MB, due to how /vsistdin/ is implemented..QUOTED_FIELDS_AS_STRING=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Only used ifAUTODETECT_TYPE=YES
. Whether to enforce quoted fields as string fields when set to YES. Otherwise, by default, the content of quoted fields will be tested for real, integer, etc... data types.X_POSSIBLE_NAMES=<list_of_names>: Comma separated list of possible names for X/longitude coordinate of a point. Each name might be a pattern using the star character in starting and/or ending position. E.g.: prefix*, *suffix or *middle*. The values in the column must be floating point values.
X_POSSIBLE_NAMES
and Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES must be both specified and a matching for each must be found in the columns of the CSV file. Only one geometry column per layer might be built when usingX_POSSIBLE_NAMES
/Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES
.Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES=<list_of_names>: Comma separated list of possible names for Y/latitude coordinate of a point. Each name might be a pattern using the star character in starting and/or ending position. E.g.: prefix*, *suffix or *middle*. The values in the column must be floating point values.
X_POSSIBLE_NAMES
andY_POSSIBLE_NAMES
must be both specified and a matching for each must be found in the columns of the CSV file.Z_POSSIBLE_NAMES=<list_of_names>: Comma separated list of possible names for Z/elevation coordinate of a point. Each name might be a pattern using the star character in starting and/or ending position. E.g.: prefix*, *suffix or *middle*. The values in the column must be floating point values. Only taken into account in combination with
X_POSSIBLE_NAMES
andY_POSSIBLE_NAMES
.GEOM_POSSIBLE_NAMES=<list_of_names>: Comma separated list of possible names for geometry columns that contain geometry definitions encoded as WKT, WKB (in hexadecimal form, potentially in PostGIS 2.0 extended WKB) or GeoJSON. Each name might be a pattern using the star character in starting and/or ending position. E.g.: prefix*, *suffix or *middle*
KEEP_GEOM_COLUMNS=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
YES
. Expose the detected X,Y,Z or geometry columns as regular attribute fields.HEADERS=[YES/NO/AUTO]: Defaults to
AUTO
. Whether the first line of the file contains column names or not. When set to AUTO, GDAL will assume the first line is column names if none of the values are strictly numeric.EMPTY_STRING_AS_NULL=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Whether to consider empty strings as null fields on reading'.MAX_LINE_SIZE=<integer>: (GDAL >= 3.5.3) Defaults to
10000000
. Maximum number of bytes for a line (-1=unlimited).
Creation Issues
The driver supports creating new databases (as a directory of .csv files), adding new .csv files to an existing directory or .csv files or appending features to an existing .csv table. Starting with GDAL 2.1, deleting or replacing existing features, or adding/modifying/deleting fields is supported, provided the modifications done are small enough to be stored in RAM temporarily before flushing to disk.
Layer Creation options
LINEFORMAT=[CRLF/LF]: By default when creating new .csv files they are created with the line termination conventions of the local platform (CR/LF on win32 or LF on all other systems). This may be overridden through use of the
LINEFORMAT
layer creation option which may have a value of CRLF (DOS format) or LF (Unix format).GEOMETRY=[AS_WKT/AS_XYZ/AS_XY/AS_YZ]: By default, the geometry of a feature written to a .csv file is discarded. It is possible to export the geometry in its WKT representation by specifying GEOMETRY=AS_WKT. It is also possible to export point geometries into their X,Y,Z components (different columns in the csv file) by specifying GEOMETRY=AS_XYZ, GEOMETRY=AS_XY or GEOMETRY=AS_YX. The geometry column(s) will be prepended to the columns with the attributes values. It is also possible to export geometries in GeoJSON representation using SQLite SQL dialect query, see example below.
CREATE_CSVT=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Create the associated .csvt file (see above paragraph) to describe the type of each column of the layer and its optional width and precision.SEPARATOR=[COMMA/SEMICOLON/TAB/SPACE]: Defaults to
COMMA
. Field separator character.WRITE_BOM=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
NO
. Write a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) at the start of the file.GEOMETRY_NAME=value: Defaults to
WKT
. Name of geometry column. Only used ifGEOMETRY=AS_WKT
(andCREATE_CSVT=YES
before GDAL 3.7.1).STRING_QUOTING=[IF_NEEDED/IF_AMBIGUOUS/ALWAYS]: Defaults to
IF_AMBIGUOUS
. whether to double-quote strings. IF_AMBIGUOUS means that string values that look like numbers will be quoted (it also implies IF_NEEDED). Defaults to IF_AMBIGUOUS (behavior in older versions was IF_NEEDED)
Configuration options
The following configuration options are available:
OGR_WKT_PRECISION=<integer>: Defaults to
15
. Number of decimals for coordinate values. A heuristic is used to remove insignificant trailing 00000x or 99999x that can appear when formatting decimal numbers.OGR_WKT_ROUND=[YES/NO]: Defaults to
YES
. Whether to enable the above mentioned heuristics to remove insignificant trailing 00000x or 99999x.
Examples
This example shows using ogr2ogr to transform a shapefile with point geometry into a .csv file with the X,Y,Z coordinates of the points as first columns in the .csv file
ogr2ogr -f CSV output.csv input.shp -lco GEOMETRY=AS_XYZ
This example shows using ogr2ogr to transform a shapefile into a .csv file with geography field formatted using GeoJSON format.
ogr2ogr -f CSV -dialect sqlite -sql "select AsGeoJSON(geometry) AS geom, * from input" output.csv input.shp
Convert a CSV into a GeoPackage. Specify the names of the coordinate columns and assign a coordinate reference system.
ogr2ogr \ -f GPKG output.gpkg \ input.csv \ -oo X_POSSIBLE_NAMES=longitude \ -oo Y_POSSIBLE_NAMES=latitude \ -a_srs 'EPSG:4326'
Particular datasources
The CSV driver can also read files whose structure is close to CSV files :
Airport data files NfdcFacilities.xls, NfdcRunways.xls, NfdcRemarks.xls and NfdcSchedules.xls found on that FAA website
Files from the USGS GNIS (Geographic Names Information System)
The allCountries file from GeoNames
Other Notes
GeoCSV specification (supported by GDAL >= 2.1)
Initial development of the OGR CSV driver was supported by DM Solutions Group and GoMOOS.
Carto funded field type auto-detection and open options related to geometry columns.


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