Now that you have a grasp of the fundamentals of the JavaScript language, you are ready to go out into the world and make web applications! Of course, as with any programming language, there are certain pragmatics that must be learned, too. Ordinarily these are picked up from other developers as you use the tool more and more. This process, however, takes time—especially when you don't know what you don't know. Thus, in order to jump-start the process, this exercise gives an overview of some tools and concepts that you may find useful.
Exercise
Templating
Remember all of those templating functions you wrote that took JS objects (usually results of AJAX calls) and turned them into HTML? I'm going to take a wild guess and say that you found them to be very tedious to write. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the rest of the JS community agrees [citation needed].
Fortunately, some developers took it upon themselves to create templating engines that turn HTML with special placeholder syntax into a JS function that can be called to produce the fully-rendered HTML. Below are some of the most prominent ones, but the list is by no means complete.
-
Underscore
template
- Great when you are already using Underscore and you want to whip up a quick, simple template. - Mustache - Helpful when you want to do large-scale templating
- Handlebars - Very similar to Mustache, but includes the ability to include logic like producing output that depends on the index of the item in an array (e.g. numbering items in a list). Note that logic in templates , while useful, makes it harder to understand how and where the output is created.
Start by downloading the starter code and filling out the
index.html
using syntax similar to this that turns an object of the following format into the HTML above.
Run
checkMsgTmp()
to get a token that you should paste in the box for sweet, sweet bonus points.
Libraries
One of the nicest things about the JavaScript ecosystem is that there exists a library (module) for almost everything you want.
If you were there for the blackjack game demo, you saw how, instead of implementing a deck of cards, we just pulled one off of NPM.
The moral of the story is to always do a quick internet search for what you want using a query like "js <what you're trying to do>".
If you want a package specifically for Node.js (i.e. not the browser), then replace "js" with "node".
If you were reading this very closely, you might have noticed that I implied that you could use modules in the browser.
Yep! Instead of hunting down a URL to put in your <script> tag, you can npm install
a module and have a special program package it into your application!
Some useful libraries that you didn't use in this class were:
- Underscore - A collection of helper functions
- q - A promises library that cleans up your callbacks (highly recommended)
- Connect - A lighter but less fully-featured alternative to Express
- Shoe - A streaming WebSockets library
Frontend Frameworks
While fairly authentic, the frontends you wrote in class were tiny in comparison to many of the web apps you use on a daily basis.
Assume, from this point on, that when I say "application", I mean single-page, richly interactive web app.
As the applications you write become ever larger, you will reach a point at which you can't effectively keep the entire codebase in your head at once and you start losing track of how the myraid AJAX calls provide data to the various template functions that create your numerous widgets. Sometimes, for small, simple applications, you can keep this problem at bay by using a module loader (coming up in just a bit) and carefully segmenting your files. For large or complex apps, you will find it helpful to impose structure (a framework) that provides conveniences like separation of data from presentation (MVC), updating the UI when data changes (data binding), and page routing (changing "pages" using the data after the # in the URL or by directly modifying the history.
Learning a new framework is much like learning a new programming language: although the syntax is the same, you have to learn the semantics and pragmatics of the framework! The degree to which the framework requires you to do things in a certain way is known as how opinionated it is. While a highly opinionated framework makes it hard to diverge from the provided "golden path", if you follow said path and use the framework as its designers intended, you can take advantage of many built-in conveniences. Similarly, an less opinionated framework gives you more flexibility at the cost of a fast-track to a fully-functional application.
 The SUV will get you up and running (driving?) quickly and may even do a few crazy things like pulling a light trailer, but if you try to do any off-roading, you might start to find that you wish there were a four-wheel-drive option. The unopinionated framework, in contrast, while requiring time to build even a go-kart, allows you to put together a off-roading vehicle more quickly and safely than if you had started from raw materials.
Some of the most popular MV* frameworks are Backbone plus Backbone.Marionette which adds a variety of userful, higher-level features (mostly unopinionated), AngularJS which offers rich data binding (somewhat opinionated), and Ember.js which makes templating easy with built-in Handlebars (opinionated). There are plenty more, which you can find here. TodoMVC.com is a helpful resource that shows you an example Todo app built using a variety of frameworks. Skim the source code of each to get an idea of how it works!
If you're making an application that involves pushing data to users in real-time, you might want to consider Meteor, which provides many conveniences for managing users, data flows, and the UI. It is, however, highly opinionated.
CSS Preprocessors
Since this is a class on JavaScript, you were spared the pain of styling the applications using CSS. If (when) you end up writing CSS, you will definitely want to use a CSS preprocessor. Writing vanilla CSS is quite tedious. Not a small part of the problem is that HTML is hierarchical but CSS is not, which requires repeating selectors over and over. Another big issue is that CSS does not have variables, which makes your styles hard to change. Fortunately, there exist languages that compile to CSS using a preprocessor program. The two most popular CSS preprocessors are Sass and Less. I, myself, use Sass (after switching from Less). If you want to make your own informed decision, you can start by reading this article by CSS Tricks (an excellent resource for learning how to do some random CSS thing). Note that Sass has a framework known as Compass that contains ready-made includes that do a variety of useful things.
Frontend Module Loaders
This part is probably the coolest.
You may have already encountered the problem of trying to load a script before its dependencies (e.g. putting the checker before jQuery). That was with only two scripts and one dependency. Imagine how tricky things would be with multiple scripts that have multiple dependencies. Things would only be complicated further by different scripts depending on different versions of the same library! Furthermore, how would you even go about finding the libraries and keeping them up to date??
Luckily for us, some developers came up with the excellent idea of module loaders that automatically load your scripts in the right order. For instance, I could somehow get jQuery and the checker script, specify their locations in a file, tell the loader that the checker depends on jQuery, and then receive a file that loads jQuery before the checker.
Before we dive any further into module loaders, it'll help to understand a structure known as an Immediately-Invoked Function Expression (IIFE). Keeping in mind that variables are scoped to the top of the containing function, an IIFE looks like this:
Very simply, what this does is prevents variables from leaking outside of the created scope (and into the global, window object).
Now, if we were to have one of these IIFEs that loaded the dependencies in the right order and created and called other IIFEs like this
The two most popular module loaders are Require.js and Browserify.
Require.js
Allows you to load files using this syntax. The nice part about Require.js is that, by default, it only loads you dependencies as they're needed (as in, it injects a new <script> tag into the page when a function wrapped byrequire
is required+called).
This is nice when your application is highly modular and there are many components that will likely not be used during a single session.
Browserify
I, personally, find Require.js to be very confusing. The syntax is less-than beautiful (IMHO) and it can be hard to intuit when a dependency will be loaded (asynchronous code can be difficult to debug). Check out the Hello Word example! Probably the nicest part about Browserify is that you cannpm install
dependencies, just like you would for server-side modules.
Another neat feature is that it turns your files into one "bundle" in which the dependences are appropriately sorted.
The entire bundle is then sent to the client with the initial page load.
In most cases, your single-page app will need most of its files during every session—a slower initial page load and then no subsequent script-loading delays (again, IMHO) feels more responsive.
It's much easier to debug your code when you can be assured that it already exists on the client!
Task Runners
At this point, you are certainly wondering how you actually are to go about using all of these tools. Should you figure that out on your own, you will, after a short while, grow tired of constantly running build tasks like compiling your Sass or bundling your JS. If you're so inclined, you may even take to writing shell scripts that automaticall perform these tasks when the files change. Rest assured that you don't need to do that since there are quite a few options that are designed specifically for handling webapp-related build steps.Known as task runners (search this term for a full list), the most popular choices are Grunt and Gulp. While Grunt is the more mature program, Gulp is much faster because it uses Node.js streams to keep processed files in memory instead of writing to disk. Grunt tasks are specified using config files whereas Gulp tasks are defined by piping file streams through various transformers. There are plenty of plugins available for each (via NPM)
All together now...
This entire "exercise" has been very abstract so far, but now, it's the moment for which you've been waiting! I present to you..... a template project directory complete with a Gulp config containing tasks for Browserifying + Handlebars compiling, and Sass compiling! Everything gets updated on file change, too! Let me show you how to use it so that you can take it for a spin.
Please experiment with other build systems! This one, while very functional, should serve as a launching pad for your own, personalized builds.
Setup
Start by opening your terminal and installing Gulp globally usingnpm -g install gulp
.
You may have to run this as root if you're on linux.
While that's running, install the LiveReload browser plugin (for Firefox and for Chrom*), which will allow you to connect to the Gulp task's LiveReload server that will cause your browser to automatically refresh when you change a file.
Next, navigate to the buildex
directory and run npm install
.
Finally, run gulp
to start the default Gulp task.
Directory Structure
While Gulp is starting itsdefault
task (defined as build and watch), take a look at this description of the where everything goes:
package.json
- contains metadata about your project and a list of dependencies, most of which are installed using the Node Package Managergulpfile.js
- a config file for Gulp, a JS task runner that does things like codestyle checking and file compilation (take a look at the comments within).jscsrc
- config for JS Code Style checkersrc/
- where the source code livesclient/
- where the client source code livesindex.html
- the main HTML page that your browser will load.jshintrc
- config for JSHint style checkerjs/
- where the client JavaScript livesmain.js
- the entry point of your JS application
scss/
- where the SCSS files livemain.scss
- the main SCSS file to be compiled to CSS
templates/
- put Handlebars (.hbs
) files here
server/
- where the server code lives.jshintrc
- config for JSHint style checkermain.js
- the file that you will run to start your server
dist/
- where the Gulp task puts all of the built filesclient/
- where the client code for distributionindex.html
- the main HTML page that your browser will loadbundle.js
- all of the required JS (incl. libraries) packaged into one convenient filebundle.css
- the SCSS compiled to CSS, packaged into one convenient file
server/
- where the server code lives (copied directly from src/server/)
Try it out!
Start by opening up your browser to /dist/client/index.html
and enabling the LiveReload plugin.
Then, with the Gulp watch task running, add the following to /src/client/scss
:
Okay, how about we try something a bit more adventurous and write some client-side JS?
Run npm install --save jquery
and then using Browserify, add /src/client/main.js
.
Add
If you want to do templates, put your Handlebars files in /src/client/templates
with the extension .hbs
(very important!) and then require('../templates/myTemplate.hbs')
them.
The server works in the same way. To run it, just do node dist/server/main.js
.


17 Mar 2015
The[ previous example reegarding updating video review while in queue does not follow typical Rails convention:
- We are using in the updatequeue method.
- we have to use parameter naming conventions to parse out the queueitem id and
position id in the form.
- We have to specify the order of queue_items using in the user model according to position.
Using Transactions & Exception Rescues when the value does not save.
def update_queue
begin
ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
params[:queue_items].each do |queue_item_data|
queue_item = QueueItem.find(queue_item_data["id"])
queue_item.update_attributes!(position: queue_item_data["position"])
end
end
rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid
flash[:error] = "You must use whole numbers for play position."
redirect_to my_queue_path
return
end
current_user.queue_items.each_with_index do |queue_item, index|
queue_item.update_attributes(position: index+1)
end
redirect_to my_queue_path
end
15 Mar 2015
Parameter Naming Conventions
Visit Rails Guides' Parameter Naming Conventions
Use that as the starting point to construct the params that hit the server.
As you've seen in the previous sections, values from forms can be at the top level of
the params hash or nested in another hash. For example, in a standard create action for a
Person model, params[:person] would usually be a hash of all the attributes for the person to create.
The params hash can also contain arrays, arrays of hashes and so on.
Fundamentally HTML forms don't know about any sort of structured data, all they generate
is name-value pairs, where pairs are just plain strings. The arrays and hashes you see
in your application are the result of some parameter naming conventions that Rails uses.
Basic Structures
The two basic structures are arrays and hashes. Hashes mirror the syntax used for accessing the value in params. For example, if a form contains:
<input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" value="Henry"/>
the params hash will contain
{'person' => {'name' => 'Henry'}}
and params[:person][:name] will retrieve the submitted value in the controller.
Hashes can be nested as many levels as required, for example:
<input id="person_address_city" name="person[address][city]" type="text" value="New York"/>
will result in the params hash being
{'person' => {'address' => {'city' => 'New York'}}}
Normally Rails ignores duplicate parameter names. If the parameter name contains
an empty set of square brackets [] then they will be accumulated in an array.
If you wanted users to be able to input multiple phone numbers, you
could place this in the form:
<input name="person[phone_number][]" type="text"/>
<input name="person[phone_number][]" type="text"/>
<input name="person[phone_number][]" type="text"/>
This would result in params[:person][:phone_number] being an array containing the inputted phone numbers.
Combining Them
We can mix and match these two concepts. One element of a hash might be an array as in the previous example,
or you can have an array of hashes. For example, a form might let you create any number of addresses by repeating the following form fragment
<input name="addresses[][line1]" type="text"/>
<input name="addresses[][line2]" type="text"/>
<input name="addresses[][city]" type="text"/>
This would result in params[:addresses] being an array of hashes with keys line1, line2 and city.
Rails decides to start accumulating values in a new hash whenever it encounters an input name that
already exists in the current hash.
There's a restriction, however, while hashes can be nested arbitrarily, only one level of "arrayness" is allowed. Arrays can usually be replaced by hashes; for example, instead of having an array of model objects, one can have a hash of model objects keyed by their id, an array index or some other parameter.
10 Mar 2015
In Myflix, we want to be able to allow the user to update video rating in the video_play queue.
Goal: To change video rating from the queueitem index.
To do so, we have to create the virtual attribute on the queueitem model, as though it is a column on the queue_item model (table). Since it is not in the model, we have to define the getter and setter.
#queue_item.rb
def rating
end
def rating=(new_rating)
-this is where you begin to write your tests
end
Update Column vs Update Attribute
updateattributes will go through validation error unlike the updatecolumn method,which will bypass validation.
def rating=(new_rating)
review = Review.where(user_id: user.id, video_id: video.id).first
review.update_column(:rating, new_rating)
end
Memoization
Memoization means the first time the record is called, it will hit the database only once and store that info
into the instance variable and will not database again when record is called.
def review
@review ||= Review.where(user_id: user.id, video_id: video.id).first
end
07 Mar 2015
Items Covered:
- Feature Specs
- Capybara
- Request Specs
Types of Testing We've Covered:
- Models (Model Specs)
- Controllers (Controller Specs)
- Views, Routes, Helpers, Mailers (Feature Specs)
Feature Specs
Feature Specs cover all the above in integration, although there are also specs
for every item listed above, however mailers, routes, views, and helpers do not need to be tested in isolation.
With feature specs, you mimic the user's experience originating with the browser.
This is the first example of vertical integration.
Specs are typically broken into features.
There is something called "request specs" which focuses more horizontal integration. This is when you want to test multiple requests and responses across various controllers, making sure that things flow in a sequence.
In this course, we will NOT use requestspecs, becasue typically requestspecs are used to capture
business processes from end to end. However any business process worth measuring must be
centered around the customer expereince...
Capybara
The Capybara gem is the way you can simulate user interaction with the browser.
Load RSpec 2.x support by adding the following line (typically to your spec_helper.rb file):
If you are using Rails, put your Capybara specs in spec/features.
If you are not using Rails, tag all the example groups in which you want to use Capybara with :type => :feature.
You can now write your specs like so:
describe "the signin process", :type => :feature do
before :each do
User.make(:email =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>:password => 'password')
end
it "signs me in" do
visit '/sessions/new'
within("#session") do
fill_in 'Email', :with =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>fill_in 'Password', :with => 'password'
end
click_button 'Sign in'
expect(page).to have_content 'Success'
end
end
Use :js => true to switch to the Capybara.javascript_driver (:selenium by default), or provide a :driver option to switch to one specific driver. For example:
describe 'some stuff which requires js', :js => true do
it 'will use the default js driver'
it 'will switch to one specific driver', :driver => :webkit
end
**Capybara Built in DSL (reads more like UAT - User Accpetance tests) - reads more higher level
- feature is in fact just an alias for describe ...,
- :type => :feature,
- background is an alias for before, scenario for it,
- and given/given! aliases for let/let!, respectively.
Finally, Capybara also comes with a built in DSL for creating descriptive acceptance tests:
feature "Signing in" do
background do
User.make(:email =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>:password => 'caplin')
end
scenario "Signing in with correct credentials" do
visit '/sessions/new'
within("#session") do
fill_in 'Email', :with =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>fill_in 'Password', :with => 'caplin'
end
click_button 'Sign in'
expect(page).to have_content 'Success'
end
given(:other_user) { User.make(:email =><EMAIL_ADDRESS>:password => 'rous') }
scenario "Signing in as another user" do
visit '/sessions/new'
within("#session") do
fill_in 'Email', :with => other_user.email
fill_in 'Password', :with => other_user.password
end
click_button 'Sign in'
expect(page).to have_content 'Invalid email or password'
end
end
Capybara Drivers
RackTest is really fast, and does not really fire-up the browser. It's a headless driver
therefore doesn't really simulate the browser experience. RackTest does not support Js.
Selenuim is a popular driver that does handle Js and fire-ups Firefox.
But this option is very slow.
Capybara Webkit is another headless driver that can execute Js well.
It's much faster than selenium but slower than RackTest.
First feature spec
require 'spec/helper'
feature 'User signs in' do
background do
User.create(username: "john", full_name: "John Doe")
end
scenario "with existing username" do
visit root_path
fill_in "Username", with: "john"
click_button "Sign in"
page.should have_content "John Doe"
end
end
The 'fill_ in "Username", ' is referring to the labeltag :username, "Username"
- you can also refer to fill in the label tag, the name, or the input_ id,
although its best practice to use the label tag because it easier to read.
Request Specs
Watch RailsCast video on Capybara & Request Specs
- Request Specs are alternatives to the Rails Builtin Integration Testing
(Refer to RailsCast video 187)
In terminal, run:
1. rails g rspec:install
2. rails g intergration_test task
3. Open up task_spec, code should be fine as is, but you would
change the request verb and the assertion
4. rake spec:requests
Example:
describe "Tasks" do
describe "GET /tasks" do
it "displays tasks" do
Task.create!(:name => "paint fence")
get tasks_path
response.body.should include("paint fence")
end
end
end
describe "POST /tasks" do
it "create task" do
post_via_redirect tasks_path, tasks: {name: "mow lawn"}
response.body.should include("mow lawn")
end
end
end
One issue with request specs this that they dont mimic the user's experience
becasue you'e submitting the request directly, rather than going through the form
like the user would - that is why we use Capybara (rather than webrat) & Launchy
Installing Capybara, allows us to change our existing tests:
describe "Tasks" do
describe "GET /tasks" do
it "displays tasks" do
Task.create!(:name => "paint fence")
visit tasks_path
page.should include("paint fence")
end
end
end
describe "POST /tasks" do
it "create task" do
visit tasks_path
fill_in "New Task", with: "mow lawn"
click_button "Add"
page.should have_content("successfully added task")
page.should have_content("mow lawn")
end
end
end
*What if the test fails and you don't know why?
Thats where the gem "Launchy" comes in:
-anywhere in the test, you can write:
Capybara does not test Javascript with out Selenium:
it "supports js", js: true do
visit tasks_path
click_link "test js"
page.should have_content("js works")
end
end
Let's try adding Js to our first test and see if it is supported by
Selenium.
describe "Tasks" do
describe "GET /tasks" do, js: true do
it "displays tasks" do
Task.create!(:name => "paint fence")
visit tasks_path
page.should include("paint fence")
end
end
end
The test will fail because Selenium does not support database transactions
In #spec_helper.rb:
Change config.use_transactional_ fixtures = true, to false.
Selenium does not support database transactions.
But this will mean our database transactions will carryover in between
tests and we dont want that. So the answer is the database cleaner
gem that will run in between tests. You must add the config code
from the documentation into the spec_helper, removing transactions since the
arent supported by Selenuim.
To run pry in a spec, you must use:
require 'pry'; binding.pry before the error/after the action
During pry. you can use
Launchy "save_and_open_page"
05 Mar 2015
Items Covered:
- Structural Refactor
- Skinny Controller, Fat Models
- Rspec Macros
- Rspec Shared Examples
Structural Refactor
Controllers are more of traffic control and methods containing logic should refarctored to the model level
- For simple refactors such as moving methods from controllers to methods,
since your test suite is already comprehensive enough to cover the current model, you dont have to create additional tests at the model level, only if you decide to add additional functionality.
Typically you shouldn't have more than one conditional or return from a method within a method. You should refactor by moving a piece of the code to private method.
Skinny Controller, Fat Models
One of the most common refactors in Rails and one of the most well-known architectural principals in rails.
Fat Models, means the models assume the most responsibilty.
Good blog post to read: Skinny Models, Fat Controllers
Here - James talks about moving responsibilty from the view, to the controller, and then to the model.
Examples of Opensource Project Management Tools that have need to go on a Fat Controller Diet:
ChilliProject
Redmine
Refactoring to fat models in MyFlix
Tip: When refactoring your controllers to fat models, do not move methods that take parameters in a form
because that is the purpose of the controller - to talk to the views and models.
Look for those that iterate through the model.
Rspec Macros
Allows you to extract logic that can be used by multiple rspec controllers.
So rather than the following at the begining of each controller test:
before do
frank = Fabricate(:user)
session[:user_id] = frank.id
end
We could create a macro, spec/support/macros.rb and include the above code:
def set_current_user
frank = Fabricate(:user)
session[:user_id] = frank.id
end
def current_user
User.find(session[user_id])
end
AND in your test:
before {set_current_user}
Now, if I want to clear the current user to test the path of an unauthorized user
create another macro called clearcurrentuser, make it the first line in your test.
def clear_current_user
session[user_id] = nil
end
Shared Examples
What bout you want to test the redirect for unauthenticated users for not just index but index and new
Create a Shared Example:
#spec/support/shares_examples.rb
shared_examples "require_sign_in" do
it "redirects to the front page" do
response.should redirect_to root_path
end
end
In your test: you can't just write:
it behaves_like "require_sign_in"
because you have to clear the current user and hit the action first:
context "user not signed in" do
before do
clear_current_user
get :index
end
it behaves_like "require_sign_in"
end
But this is frustrating becasue although we DRY'd up our code a little,
we still have to add a before block for the clearcurrentuser and the index.
It would be great if there's a way to pass the action to the shared example, and there is:
shared_examples "require_sign_in" do
it "redirects to the front page" do
clear_current_user
action
response.should redirect_to root_path
end
end
AND in your test:
context "not_signed_in" do
it_behaves_like "require_sign_in" do
let(:action) { get :index }
end
end
AND you actually don't need the context anymore:
<index>
it_behaves_like "require_sign_in" do
let(:action) { get :index }
end
<new>
it_behaves_like "require_sign_in" do
let(:action) { get :new }
end
<create>
it_behaves_like "require_sign_in" do
let(:action) { post :create, todo: {name: 'something'} }
end
Shared examples can be used on both controller and model levels
For more info:
Shared Examples Docs


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|
| Value |
Description |
Notes |
|
| 01 |
Proprietary |
Note that <IDTypeName> is required for proprietary identifiers |
| 02 |
Proprietary price point identifier |
Proprietary identifier uniquely identifies price amount and currency. Two unrelated products with the same price amount carry
the same identifier, though their price types may be different
|
| 03 |
Proprietary price type identifier |
Proprietary identifier uniquely identifies price type, qualifier and any constraints and conditions. Two unrelated products
with the same price type carry the same identifier, though their price points may be different
|
| 04 |
Proprietary price point and type identifier |
Proprietary identifier identifies a unique combination of price point and type, though two unrelated products may carry the
same identifier if all details of their prices are identical
|
| 05 |
Proprietary unique price identifier |
Proprietary identifier is unique to a single price point, price type and product. No two products can carry the same identifier,
even if all details of their prices are identical
|
| 06 |
Proprietary product price point identifier |
Proprietary identifier uniquely identifies a specific combination of product, price amount and currency, independent of the
price type
|
| 07 |
Proprietary product price type identifier |
Proprietary identifier uniquely identifies a specific combination of product, price type, qualifier and any constraints and
conditions, independent of the price amount and currency. A product with the same product price type identififer may carry
differing price amounts, currencies at different points in time
|
|


InterPro Domain Architecture
InterPro Entry |
Signatures |
Graphical Match |
Method Name |
|
IPR000786: |
PD013756
|
|
Green_fl_protein |
|
IPR000786: |
PR01229 |
|
GFLUORESCENT |
|
IPR009017: |
SSF54511 |
|
GFP_like |
|
IPR011584: |
PF01353 |
|
GFP |
|
Structural Features |
|
|
|
|
1q4e |
1q4eA |
|
|
|
<IP_ADDRESS>.1 |
1q4eA0 |
|
|
|
d.22.1.1 |
d1q4ea_
|
|
|
From the graphical match above, you can see that the signatures are grouped into three InterPro entries for green fluorescent protein from A. victoria. These entries give information about the domain architecture of the protein, as well as their evolutionary relationships.
The entry for
GFP, IPR000786, has two signatures: PD013756 from the ProDom database (obtained from
an alignment of twelve proteins, spanning multiple genera and including both
fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins), and PR01229 from the PRINTS database (an
eleven-element fingerprint derived from an initial alignment of five sequences;
the motifs were drawn from conserved regions in the alignment, and correspond to
secondary structural elements of the protein).
The entry IPR011584 represents GFP-related proteins,
and as such covers a wider range of proteins that includes those that are
related by sequence to GFP; this entry has one signature: PF01353 from the PFAM database (obtained from an
alignment of 10 proteins spanning several genera, and including both
fluorescent proteins and chromoproteins).
The remaining entry, IPR009017, has one signature, SSF54511 from the SUPERFAMILY database,
which represents GFP-like proteins. This
entry includes not only fluorescent protein, but also those proteins that share
a common structure with GFP such as the G2 domain of mouse nidogen-1. Nidogen is a component of basement
membranes, whose protein interactions contribute to the assembly and function
of the basement membrane. Nidogens are
neither fluorescent nor coloured, their G2 domain serving as a protein-binding
module. The G2 domain of nidogen
contains a beta-can structure that exhibits extraordinary similarity to GFP,
even though their sequences show only low sequence identity. The chromophore tripeptide in GFP is absent
in nidogen, the equivalent residues forming part of helix2. Furthermore, the highly conserved residues in
GFP required for chromophore formation are not conserved in nidogen. Nonetheless, the structure is similar enough
to suggest a common ancestral origin. It is possible that protein binding
constitutes the most ancient, pre-fluorescent function of the common ancestor
of GFPs and G2 domain-containing proteins.
In InterPro, these three entries are related to each other: IPR009017 (proteins with GFP-like structure) is the parent of IPR009017 (proteins related to GFP by sequence), which in turn is the parent of IPR000786 (GFP proteins). The different signatures are useful to gain an insight into the annotation of the protein, and to discern relationships with other proteins or domains within InterPro. From the InterPro entry you can find all the corresponding proteins in UniProt, a graphical representation of their overlap, the taxonomy of the entries, and any links to other families or domains in the database.
The remaining three entries in the table above give information on the structure of this protein, presenting known structural data from the structural database PDB (green stripe) and the structural classification databases CATH (pink stripe) and SCOP (black stripe) (the names such as d1q4ea_ are derived from the PDB entry upon which they are based, here PDB entry 1q4e, chain A). The graphical match for the PDB entry 1q4eA displays the full length of the original PDB entry, here covering almost the entire protein. The CATH and SCOP entries provide a structural classification of the domain: SCOP d1q4ea_ and CATH 1q4eA0 are both classed as b-sheets folded into a barrel around a central helix.
Structures
associated with green fluorescent protein can be viewed using AstexViewer®,
which is linked from the Match Table via the logo on the InterPro page (please note, there is no link directly from
this page to the AstexViewer®, therefore you need to go to the link on the InterPro page for P42212).
The AstexViewer® displays the PDB structure with the specific CATH or
SCOP domain highlighted.
There are
structures available for various fluorescent proteins from different species in the
Protein Data Bank (PDB). These
structures reveal the beta-can structure of GFP that surrounds the
chromophore, and which is essential for fluorescence as a shield against
quenching agents. Despite the diversity
in chromophore structure between colour groups, all the proteins share this
beta-can structure. A detailed description and
visualisation of the structural features of amylases can be found at the PDB ‘Molecule of the Month’.
The crystallographic structures of different amylases have provided
insight into the mechanism of action of these important chromophores.


Match Play. Red trails 2-3 to 7. Should Red double? If doubled, should White take?
pips Red=66 White=93
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This one fooled me completely. It looks like a clear double and then a clear pass because of Red’s twenty-seven pip lead in the race. Obviously White has some hitting potential l but with an open 6-pt can that really be relevant?
In a money game the answer is no but at this match score White, perhaps surprisingly, has a very clear take. The reason is the efficiency of White’s redoubles to four because four points wins him the match exactly.
This cube efficiency turns a money drop into a very clear take and in fact, dropping is very nearly a blunder. A truly fascinating and instructive position.
In a money game the answer is no but at this match score White, perhaps surprisingly, has a very clear take. The reason is the efficiency of White’s redoubles to four because four points wins him the match exactly.
This cube efficiency turns a money drop into a very clear take and in fact, dropping is very nearly a blunder. A truly fascinating and instructive position.
Cube analysis 2-ply cubeless equity +0.595 (Money: +0.597) 0.792 0.018 0.000 - 0.208 0.006 0.000 Cubeful equities: 1. Double, take +0.913 2. Double, pass +1.000 (+0.087) 3. No double +0.646 (-0.267) Proper cube action: Double, take


Hello!!
This is a sample web page.
Example of using the HTML tags.
This is a h4 tag
This is a h5 tag
This is a h6 tag
This is a paragraph using the
bold
and
italic
tags.
Link to GitHub


|
|||||
|
Wouldn't it be great if there were a way to parlay the typical activities of a college student into a job upon graduation? As it happens, there is such a way. It's called networking, and it fits in wonderfully with all the things that college students normally do. Take all the socializing you typically do as a college student, crank it up a few notches, and you have networking of the sort that can truly help you land a job upon graduation. When you first enroll in college, you don't necessarily think about the kinds of hard-core networking activities that will really benefit your job search later on. But the earlier you start, the better off you will be. By the way, the networking activities discussed here should supplement, not substitute for, traditional job-hunting activities, such as sending out resumes, participating in on-campus recruiting, and using the internet in your job search. Recommendations from college career counselors as to when college students should begin networking range from freshman year to the middle or end of the junior year. Certainly freshman year is not too early to get to know your professors, especially your adviser. Getting to know your cohort students, a process that comes naturally to the collegiate experience, will also lay the networking groundwork in your first year. A good way to meet as many other students as possible is to participate in as many organizations and activities as your academic schedule will permit you to handle. Be a curious friend; finding out as much as possible about your classmates and their interests, along with their families and parents' occupations, can provide valuable information that you may want to recall as you approach graduation. Be sure to reciprocate with information that will help others. Freshman year is also the time to consider whether to join a fraternity or sorority. If you are holding down a job, establish relationships with your boss and coworkers. By sophomore year, you are probably beginning to narrow your career goals, which makes your second year an excellent time to embark on a series of informational interviews that will help bring your career into focus. Continue to forge ties with professors, other students, and people you work with. Start thinking about obtaining an internship in your career field -- which can yield excellent network contacts -- for the summer between your sophomore and junior years or for part of your junior year in school. If your career goal is well-defined at this point, sophomore year is a good time to join student chapters of professional organizations (or obtain a student membership to a regular chapter). Junior year is key. Start your most serious networking push now by doing the following:
Source: www.quintcareers.com |


| 1 |
Liang_2004 |
Electronic data interchange usage in China's healthcare organizations: the case of Beijing's hospitals |
Liang, Huigang; Xue, Yajiong; Byrd, Terry Anthony; Rainer, R. Kelly |
2004 |
2004-12-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7130807 |
|
10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2004.08.001 |
vnzn41o0 |
0.725938 |
|
|
| 2 |
Cai_W_2019 |
Measuring inequalities in the public health workforce at county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in China |
Cai, Weiqin; Li, Chengyue; Sun, Mei; Hao, Mo |
2019 |
2019-11-21 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC6873429 |
31752854.0 |
10.1186/s12939-019-1073-4 |
0yiek4bg |
0.703951 |
|
|
| 3 |
Lulin_2016 |
The effect of herd formation among healthcare investors on health sector growth in China |
Lulin, Zhou; Antwi, Henry Asante; Wang, Wenxin; Yiranbon, Ethel; Marfo, Emmanuel Opoku; Acheampong, Patrick |
2016 |
2016-07-19 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC4950590 |
27436298.0 |
10.1186/s12939-016-0393-x |
dmkhmebk |
0.688762 |
|
Li_H_2016, Du_J_2009 |
| 4 |
Shi_J_2018 |
Chapter 9 Health Insurance and Payment System Reform in China |
Shi, Julie; Liu, Gordon |
2018 |
2018-12-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7156008 |
|
10.1016/b978-0-12-811325-7.00009-9 |
jesz6uij |
0.659863 |
|
Chen_2016, Li_H_2016, Du_J_2009 |
| 5 |
Chen_2016 |
Has the medical reform improved the cost efficiency of Chinese hospitals? |
Chen, Zhongfei; Barros, Carlos Pestana; Hou, Xiaojuan |
2016 |
2016-12-31 |
PMC |
N |
|
|
10.1016/j.soscij.2016.04.006 |
3w5jmsb8 |
0.626653 |
|
Du_J_2009, Shi_J_2018 |
| 6 |
Wang_2019 |
Captive breeding of wildlife resources—China's revised supply‐side approach to conservation |
Wang, Wenxia; Yang, Liangliang; Wronski, Torsten; Chen, Shaozhi; Hu, Yanjie; Huang, Songlin |
2019 |
2019-08-09 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7169801 |
|
10.1002/wsb.988 |
hr53v3kn |
0.609058 |
|
|
| 7 |
Wu_Q_2014 |
Biological risk and pollution history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Nansha mangrove, South China |
Wu, Qihang; Leung, Jonathan Y.S.; Tam, Nora F.Y.; Chen, Shejun; Mai, Bixian; Zhou, Xizhen; Xia, Lihua; Geng, Xinhua |
2014 |
2014-08-15 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7094500 |
24981104.0 |
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.014 |
tgjvvrmc |
0.579879 |
Smyth_2008 |
You_H_2016 |
| 8 |
Li_H_2016 |
Organization and Finance of China’s Health Sector: Historical Antecedents for Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment |
Li, Hui; Hilsenrath, Peter |
2016 |
2016-01-31 |
NONCOMM |
N |
PMC5798748 |
26831625.0 |
10.1177/0046958015620175 |
ebjwkvvj |
0.544091 |
|
Du_J_2009, Lulin_2016 |
| 9 |
Yu_H_2015 |
Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success? |
Yu, Hao |
2015 |
2015-09-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7114832 |
26251322.0 |
10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.07.008 |
rf8wjkdi |
0.506844 |
|
Lulin_2016, Li_H_2016 |
| 10 |
Ford_2010 |
Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change |
Ford, James D.; Berrang-Ford, Lea; King, Malcolm; Furgal, Chris |
2010 |
2010-10-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7125589 |
|
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.003 |
5m1ch7ls |
0.485423 |
|
|
| 11 |
Zhang_2008 |
Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation awareness in southwest China |
Zhang, Li; Hua, Ning; Sun, Shan |
2008 |
2008-03-21 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7088108 |
|
10.1007/s10531-008-9358-8 |
uokqn2u8 |
0.469338 |
|
Rosen_2010 |
| 12 |
Yin_R_2020 |
China's online parrot trade: Generation length and body mass determine sales volume via price |
Yin, Ru-Yi; Ye, Yun-Chun; Newman, Chris; Buesching, Christina D.; Macdonald, David W.; Luo, Yi; Zhou, Zhao-Min |
2020 |
2020-04-09 |
PMC |
N |
|
|
10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01047 |
rgu04nsj |
0.461187 |
|
Zhang_2008 |
| 13 |
Du_J_2009 |
Economic reforms and health insurance in China |
Du, Juan |
2009 |
2009-08-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7116972 |
19520475.0 |
10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.014 |
b1pv0kke |
0.439672 |
|
Li_H_2016, Lulin_2016, Chen_2016 |
| 14 |
Guo_H_2017 |
Hong Kong Hospital Authority resource efficiency evaluation: Via a novel DEA-Malmquist model and Tobit regression model |
Guo, Hainan; Zhao, Yang; Niu, Tie; Tsui, Kwok-Leung |
2017 |
2017-09-08 |
COMM-USE |
N |
PMC5590922 |
28886087.0 |
10.1371/journal.pone.0184211 |
9luzvzsu |
0.437219 |
|
|
| 15 |
Chen_2017 |
Co-movements of returns in the health care sectors from the US, UK, and Germany stock markets: Evidence from the continuous wavelet analyses |
Chen, Mei-Ping; Chen, Wen-Yi; Tseng, Tseng-Chan |
2017 |
2017-05-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7148995 |
|
10.1016/j.iref.2017.02.009 |
7dj4l9rt |
0.427110 |
|
Lulin_2016, Lin_T_2011, Li_H_2016 |
| 16 |
Dayour_2020 |
Insurance uptake among small and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises in a resource-scarce environment |
Dayour, Frederick; Adongo, Charles A.; Kimbu, Albert N. |
2020 |
2020-04-30 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7141640 |
|
10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100674 |
ebgl9lg8 |
0.423505 |
|
Ladkin_2005, Guirao_2016, Campa_2016 |
| 17 |
Skipworth_2020 |
Logistics and procurement outsourcing in the healthcare sector: A comparative analysis |
Skipworth, Heather; Delbufalo, Emanuela; Mena, Carlos |
2020 |
2020-04-11 |
PMC |
N |
|
|
10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.002 |
jodnluhh |
0.410724 |
|
Lam_T_2005 |
| 18 |
Kum_F_2019 |
The Impact of Ebola Virus Disease on Government Expenditure in Sierra Leone |
Kum, Fuein Vera; Olayiwola, Saheed; Aloysius, Njong Mom |
2019 |
2019-03-20 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7123237 |
|
10.1007/978-3-030-17474-3_6 |
pep5w2sz |
0.384335 |
|
|
| 19 |
Cisneros-Montemayor_2020 |
Changing the narrative on fisheries subsidies reform: Enabling transitions to achieve SDG 14.6 and beyond |
Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M.; Ota, Yoshitaka; Bailey, Megan; Hicks, Christina C.; Khan, Ahmed S.; Rogers, Anthony; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Virdin, John; He, Kevin K. |
2020 |
2020-07-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7142672 |
|
10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103970 |
6r8o5p8o |
0.357736 |
|
Schram_2013 |
| 20 |
Zhang_2012 |
A relational perspective on media relations strategies: The Chinese government's news conferences from 2001 to 2009 |
Zhang, Di |
2012 |
2012-12-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7116993 |
|
10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.03.001 |
yrli5swl |
0.323890 |
|
Huang_2016 |
| 21 |
Chang_2011 |
Taiwan quality indicator project and hospital productivity growth |
Chang, Shyr-Juh; Hsiao, Hsing-Chin; Huang, Li-Hua; Chang, Hsihui |
2011 |
2011-01-31 |
PMC |
N |
PMC7125785 |
|
10.1016/j.omega.2010.01.006 |
98hfmy31 |
0.306502 |
|
Fang_2013, Huang_2012 |


Table of Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 My Sub Navi
- 1.2 My Sub Navi The Second!
- 1.2.1 Way to Deep
- 2 Conclusion
1 Introduction
And so on
1.1 My Sub Navi
And so on
1.2 My Sub Navi The Second!
And so on and on
1.2.1 Way to Deep
and it works?!
2 Conclusion
Awesome


Nowadays, where technology and advances in computing power thrive, accessing the desired information is easier than ever. However, sometimes overwhelming information might result in confusion or inefficiency in decision making; in modern settings where results need to be delivered quickly, precision, accuracy, and optimization are the utmost critical elements for success.
The NBA statistical data provides insights into a player's guards, forwards, centers, points scored, etc. People utilize this information to make a living by predicting the results and outcome of matches. However, with more than 4,500 players in the NBA, the time consumption for an accurate prediction is extensive.
Although many sites on the web provide the NBA's statistical data, such as ESPN, and sites that offer insights into matches, such as pickswise, they are not sufficient. There is no tool that can efficiently customize games and compare players' statistics in the simulated game.
The users of this application would be fantasy basketball players and the sports betting community. In addition, scouts can also use our application for some comparison functions. The information the users would be viewing are the real life stats of each NBA player, and I will be using a real life nba stats api to keep our stats updated, and these are the links to the external source: API & Example
Our problem, which is not having an effective tool for the NBA statistical analysis and comparison can be solved via the web application we are developing that aims for fully customized simulated match results.


Jim Norton's Coffee Shop's Sales
2019 has been a decent year for Jim Norton's. While snow-peas with pepper sales have been lacking, our tuna casserole sales have been nothing to sneeze at. And coffee is always popular with the tuna casserole, especially at lunch time.
When we started keeping track of sales, we only kept track of daily sales. Then we decided it was important to see sales broken down by pre-lunch, and lunch and afterwords, plus total sales. These figures are seen in the table below.
| Date | Period | Snow-Peas with Pepper | Tuna Casserole | Coffee | Total Sold |
|---|


#include <cusbdma_structs_if.h>
Data Fields | |
| CUSBDMA_DmaTrb * | trbAddr |
| uint32_t | trbBufferSize |
| uintptr_t | trbDmaAddr |
| uint16_t | memPageIndex |
Structure keeps endpoints resources pointers.
| uint16_t CUSBDMA_MemResources_s::memPageIndex |
Physical address extension to 48 bits, this variable is a 16 bit width page index
| CUSBDMA_DmaTrb* CUSBDMA_MemResources_s::trbAddr |
Virtual address of transfer ring base
| uint32_t CUSBDMA_MemResources_s::trbBufferSize |
Size of the TRB buffer
| uintptr_t CUSBDMA_MemResources_s::trbDmaAddr |
Physical address of transfer ring


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SPONSORS
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EVENTS
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SWITCH AND CODE
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PAPER PRESENTATION
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NUKAD NATAK
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ABDROID APP DEVELOPMENT
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CONTACT US
VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES AU BLOCK PITAMPURA, NEW DELHI
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+91-980000000, +91-98000000.
GET STARTED
Hi BUDDY PLEASE WAIT!
MAP
VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES AU BLOCK PITAMPURA, NEW DELHI


Package io.sf.carte.doc.style.css
Interface SheetErrorHandler
- All Superinterfaces:
SACErrorHandler
- All Known Implementing Classes:
DefaultSheetErrorHandler
public interface SheetErrorHandler extends SACErrorHandler
Handle CSS errors at the style sheet level.
-
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description void
badAtRule(DOMException e, String atRule)
A fatal problem was found parsing an at-rule.void
badMediaList(SACMediaList media)
Found a media-related rule with a wrong media list.void
emptyStyleRule(String selector)
Notify this handler that an empty style rule (a style rule without property value declarations) was found.void
fontFormatError(ExtendedCSSFontFaceRule rule, Exception exception)
Found a font format error when loading a font-face rule.boolean
hasOMErrors()
Check whether this object has handled higher-level object model errors.boolean
hasOMWarnings()
Check whether this object has handled higher-level object model warnings.void
ignoredImport(String uri)
Notify this handler that an import rule was ignored for the given uri.void
inlineStyleError(DOMException e, Element elm, String attr)
Report an error processing an inline style.void
mergeState(SheetErrorHandler other)
Merge the error state from the error handler of another sheet.void
reset()
Reset the error handler, getting it ready for a new run.void
ruleParseError(CSSRule rule, CSSParseException ex)
An error was found when parsing a rule.void
ruleParseWarning(CSSRule rule, CSSParseException ex)
A warning was produced when parsing a rule.void
sacMalfunction(String message)
the SAC parser is malfunctioning.void
unknownRule(String rule)
Notify this handler that a rule of unknown type was found.Methods inherited from interface io.sf.carte.doc.style.css.SACErrorHandler
handleSacError, handleSacWarning, hasSacErrors, hasSacWarnings, mapError
-
Method Details
-
badAtRule
A fatal problem was found parsing an at-rule.- Parameters:
e
- the exception explaining the problem.atRule
- the text containing the at-rule.
-
badMediaList
Found a media-related rule with a wrong media list.- Parameters:
media
- the media list.
-
emptyStyleRule
Notify this handler that an empty style rule (a style rule without property value declarations) was found.- Parameters:
selector
- the selector for the empty rule.
-
ignoredImport
Notify this handler that an import rule was ignored for the given uri.Imports can be ignored if they happen at the wrong place.
- Parameters:
uri
- the uri for the ignored rule.
-
inlineStyleError
Report an error processing an inline style.In HTML, it means that the style declration within the
style
attribute could not be parsed.- Parameters:
e
- the exception found.elm
- the element whose inline style was parsed.attr
- the contents of the attribute containing the inline style (generallystyle
).
-
ruleParseError
An error was found when parsing a rule.- Parameters:
rule
- the rule.ex
- the exception.
-
ruleParseWarning
A warning was produced when parsing a rule.- Parameters:
rule
- the rule.ex
- the exception.
-
fontFormatError
Found a font format error when loading a font-face rule.- Parameters:
rule
- the font-face rule.exception
- the exception describing the error.
-
unknownRule
Notify this handler that a rule of unknown type was found.- Parameters:
rule
- the unknown rule.
-
sacMalfunction
the SAC parser is malfunctioning. Implementations may just ignore this method.It may be called if a property was received for being processed outside of a rule.
- Parameters:
message
- the message.
-
hasOMErrors
boolean hasOMErrors()Check whether this object has handled higher-level object model errors.- Returns:
true
if this object has handled higher-level object model errors.
-
hasOMWarnings
boolean hasOMWarnings()Check whether this object has handled higher-level object model warnings.- Returns:
true
if this object has handled higher-level object model warnings.
-
mergeState
Merge the error state from the error handler of another sheet.Implementations are only required to merge boolean state of SAC errors and warnings. Merging other state is optional.
- Parameters:
other
- the other style sheet error handler.
-
reset
void reset()Reset the error handler, getting it ready for a new run.
-


Change settings and choose your ponies
| (Your Browser does not support HTML5 Audio. Get a better browser.) | |
| % | |||
| % | |||
| sec |
About
This is a version of Browser Ponies that lets you put ponies on a website by simply putting "http://tinyurl.com/ponyfy#" in front of the URL of the website. So e.g. "example.com" becomes "http://tinyurl.com/ponyfy#example.com".
Note that not all websites allow embedding in an iframe (which is used here). E.g. Google does not work.
See this for more information and a way to embed ponies to your website permanently.


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Upload evidence {% endblock %} {% block content %} {{ backLink({ "href": "javascript:history.go(-1)", "text": "Go back" }) }}
Step 5 of 5
If you took the photo on the same device you're using for your application, you can return to your application now and upload it.
You'll need to transfer the photo to the device you're using to apply (eg. a laptop).
You can do this by:


2 writes to currentObjectInPipeline
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\CommandBase.cs (1)
99
currentObjectInPipeline
= value;
engine\runtime\CompiledScriptBlock.cs (1)
2519
currentObjectInPipeline
= null;
1 reference to currentObjectInPipeline
System.Management.Automation (1)
engine\CommandBase.cs (1)
94
return
currentObjectInPipeline
;


Home page
You will find us waiting for you in these hours:
Sunday to Thursday
from 7am ----> 10pm
Friday to Saterday
from 9am ----> 1am


Seen at the 21st International Film Festival in Portland, Oregon
FILM TITLE: KNOCKIN' ON HEAVEN'S DOOR DIRECTOR: THOMAS JAHN COUNTRY: GERMANY 1997 CINEMATOGRAPHY: GERO STEFFEN MUSIC: FRANZ PLASA & the group SELIG CAST: Til Schweiger, Jan Josef Liefers, Huub Stapel SUPER FEATURES: Very enjoyable romp to the end.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I suppose that this film is a bit like trying to define dark comedy, or black humor as it is often known. The problem is, where does one define the beginning of the tragedy, or sad story, and the end of the comedy.
And one thing, that some French and German films DO have, is a lot of this who cares style of comedy, that invariably is more unffortunate than enjoyable, but it does help us laugh a little. Maybe that's the only point.
In this fine, and very enjoyable film, Martin and Rudi find out that they do not have too long to live.  So they set out to take a trip and enjoy whatever time they have left. And what a trip this is. They begin by stealing a car, and then make their way to the coast, which has to go through Denmark.
And the misadventures along the way, are hilarious, and very enjoyable, although Martin seems to be having seizures every now and then. In the chase, of these two are two hoods, the victims of the stolen car, and later by the police. And towards the end, the film pretty much allows a Deux ex Machina to work, just so that these two can have their quiet end.
Several things make this film enjoyable. All the characters are eccentric nuts, and have their own agendas, and the are always crashing into someone else, which makes for a bunch of odd ball situations, that are hilarious. The whole thing starts with the first time they have to fill up the little car with gasoline. But a bigger hint for tings to come, was shown in the room that they were both assigned, where they met. As soon as they decided that they were going to enjoy their last days on earth, the cross falls off the wall, and the cabinet opens up to find a bottle of tequila, ready for them. And what seems to start out as a drag of a film, slow, and down trodden, all of a sudden turns up to be one of those that you got to see to enjoy it.
Rudi has never been to the coast, and never seen the sea, and Martin tells him abnout it. In the end, we discover much more, and this is the main motif in the whole film. Nothing will stop these two from getting there, it seems, specially when the police is bumbling on its own wheels and adventures, and can't get things together. As it turns out, these guys get a break from the news media, which allows them to continue to their destination, where the film ends.
If this film is not well directed, at least the two characters have worked out together really well. And it is their interplay that makes the things so enjoyable. With their bit of luck, they manage to make happen one of their wishes from their list, thus adding a slight fullfillment to their lives, even if it is at the end.
With some excellent music, through out, and a supreme version of Bob Dylan's song at the end, a la German rock super style, this film is actually a very nice one, and one that is worth seeing. It is not a fancy film, in shooting style, or anything major, but its two characters are infectious, and do take us along for a ride.
4 of 5 GIBLOONS Reviewed by Pedro Sena. Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1998. All Rights Reserved.
-- Pedro Sena www.accces.com/~art/piffnow.htm
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Pilot who landed on highway said he had to think fast
by EndPlayEXETER, R.I. (AP) - The New York pilot who landed his plane in the breakdown lane of a Rhode Island highway says he had just seconds to make life-or-death decisions.
Rafael Campos says 15 minutes after he took off from T.F Green Airport in Warwick on Saturday, the engine of his Rockwell Commander 112 died, and he glided the four-seater plane down from 3,500 feet.
The 60-year-old Hempstead, New York man says the nearest airport was in Richmond, about five miles away, so he landed on the northbound side of Interstate 95 in Exeter. No one was hurt.
He says cars stopped on the highway and the drivers got out to hug him.
He forgot to deploy the landing gear but thinks landing on aluminum instead of rubber helped slow down the plane faster.


NOTE: This is the old implementation of the Table View and is no longer being maintained. We encourage you to use the new implementation found here and only use this version if necessary.
The Table View presents the attributes for all the nodes and transactions in the graph. The highlighted rows in the table represent the selected elements in the graph. The check box in the 'selected' column is also checked when an element is selected in the graph. Selection of the table rows (including the use of the shift and control buttons) will result in the selection of the table rows and the associated elements in the graph itself. Conversely, changes in the selection set of the graph are reflected in the table. The table displays the attributes for all selected and unselected nodes and transactions.
The set of columns displayed in the table can be modified by selecting the button .
The table rows can be sorting by selecting any of the column headers.
There are multiple ways to copy data from the Table. All copy operations will produce a comma separated output. The data is only copied to the clipboard.
This operation copies all column and all rows within the table. The order of the column values is the same as how it is listed on the table. This operation can be slow with a large graph.
This operation copies all column and selected rows within the table. The order of the column values is the same as how it is listed on the table.
This operation provides the user the option to select specific column(s) and specific rows. The order is alphabetical by default.
Column names that are listed on the right will be copied. The column list on the right can be reordered to determine the order of the output. Use the up and down arrows on the right to reorder the column names. The "Copy selected row(s) only" check box allows user to choose whether they would like to copy all rows or just the rows that are currently selected.


Classes | |
| class | targets |
| A collection of target objects that are searched, tracked, and rescued by the CPSs. More... | |


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Recipe 6.19. Calling a Superclass _ _init_ _ Method If It Exists
Credit: Alex Martelli
Problem
You want to ensure that _ _init_ _ is called for
all superclasses that define it, and Python does not do this
automatically.
Solution
As long as your class is new-style, the built-in
super makes this task easy (if all
superclasses' _ _init_ _ methods
also use super similarly):
class NewStyleOnly(A, B, C):
def _ _init_ _(self):
super(NewStyleOnly, self)._ _init_ _( )
initialization specific to subclass NewStyleOnly
Discussion
Classic classes are
not recommended for new code development: they
exist only to guarantee backwards compatibility with old versions of
Python. Use new-style classes (deriving directly or indirectly from
object) for all new code. The only thing you
cannot do with a new-style class is to raise its
instances as exception objects; exception classes must therefore be
old style, but then, you do not need the functionality of this recipe
for such classes. Since the rest of this recipe's
Discussion is therefore both advanced and of limited applicability,
you may want to skip it.
Still, it may happen that you need to retrofit this functionality
into a classic class, or, more likely, into a new-style class with
some superclasses that do not follow the proper
style of cooperative superclass method-calling with the built-in
super. In such cases, you should first try to fix
the problematic premisesmake all classes new style and make
them use super properly. If you absolutely cannot
fix things, the best you can do is to have your class loop over its
base classesfor each base, check whether it has an _
_init_ _, and if so, then call it:
class LookBeforeYouLeap(X, Y, Z):
def _ _init_ _(self):
for base in self_ _class_ _._ _bases_ _:
if hasattr(base, '_ _init_ _'):
base._ _init_ _(self)
initialization specific to subclass LookBeforeYouLeap
More generally, and not just for method _ _init_
_, we often want to call a method on an instance, or class,
if and only if that method exists; if the method does not exist on
that class or instance, we do nothing, or we default to another
action. The technique shown in the
"Solution", based on built-in
super, is not applicable in general: it only works
on superclasses of the current object, only if those superclasses
also use super appropriately, and only if the
method in question does exist in some superclass. Note that all
new-style classes do have an _ _init_ _ method:
they all subclass object, and
object defines _ _init_ _ (as a
do-nothing function that accepts and ignores any arguments).
Therefore, all new-style classes have an _ _init_
_ method, either by inheritance or by override.
The
LBYL technique shown in class LookBeforeYouLeap may
be of help in more general cases, including ones that involve methods
other than _ _init_ _. Indeed, LBYL may even be
used together with super, for
example, as in the following toy example:
class Base1(object):
def met(self):
print 'met in Base1'
class Der1(Base1):
def met(self):
s = super(Der1, self)
if hasattr(s, 'met'):
s.met( )
print 'met in Der1'
class Base2(object):
pass
class Der2(Base2):
def met(self):
s = super(Der2, self)
if hasattr(s, 'met'):
s.met( )
print 'met in Der2'
Der1( ).met( )
Der2( ).met( )
This snippet emits:
met in Base1
met in Der1
met in Der2
The
implementation of met has the same structure in both
derived classes, Der1 (whose superclass
Base1 does have a method named
met) and Der2 (whose superclass
Base1 doesn't
have such a method). By binding a local name
s to the result of
super, and checking with
hasattr that the superclass does have such a
method before calling it, this LBYL structure lets you code in the
same way in both cases. Of course, when coding a subclass, you
do normally know which methods the superclasses
have, and whether and how you need to call them. Still, this
technique can provide a little extra flexibility for those occasions
in which you need to slightly decouple the subclass from the
superclass.
The LBYL technique is far from perfect, though: a superclass might
define an attribute named met, which is not callable
or needs a different number of arguments. If your need for
flexibility is so extreme that you must ward against such
occurrences, you can extract the superclass' method
object (if any) and check it with the getargspec
function of standard library module inspect.
While pushing this idea towards full generality can lead into rather
deep complications, here is one example of how you might code a class
with a method that calls the superclass' version of
the same method only if the latter is callable without arguments:
import inspect
class Der(A, B, C, D):
def met(self):
s = super(Der, self)
# get the superclass's bound-method object, or else None
m = getattr(s, 'met', None)
try:
args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(m)
except TypeError:
# m is not a method, just ignore it
pass
else:
# m is a method, do all its arguments have default values?
if len(defaults) == len(args):
# yes! so, call it:
m( )
print 'met in Der'
inspect.getargspec raises
a TypeError if its argument is not a method or
function, so we catch that case with a TRy/except
statement, and if the exception occurs, we just ignore it with a
do-nothing pass statement in the
except clause. To simplify our code a bit, we do
not first check separately with hasattr. Rather,
we get the 'met' attribute of the superclass by
calling getattr with a third argument of
None. Thus, if the superclass does not have any
attribute named 'met', m is set
to None, later causing exactly the same
TypeError that we have to catch (and ignore)
anywaytwo birds with one stone. If the call to
inspect.getargspec in the try
clause does not raise a TypeError, execution
continues with the else clause.
If inspect.getargspec doesn't
raise a TypeError, it returns a tuple of four
items, and we bind each item to a local name. In this case, the ones
we care about are args, a list of
m's argument names, and
defaults, a tuple of default values that
m provides for its arguments. Clearly, we can call
m without arguments if and only if
m provides default values for all of its
arguments. So, we check that there are just as many default values as
arguments, by comparing the lengths of list
args and tuple defaults, and call
m only if the lengths are equal.
No doubt you don't need such advanced introspection
and such careful checking in most of the code you write, but, just in
case you do, Python does supply all the tools you need to achieve it.
See Also
Docs for built-in functions super,
getattr, and hasattr, and
module inspect, in the Library
Reference and Python in a
Nutshell.
|


|
Basic Hungarian-American mathematician John Kemeny and American mathematician Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, developed BASIC (Beginner¡¯s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) in 1964. The language was easier to learn than its predecessors and became popular due to its friendly, interactive nature and its inclusion on early personal computers. Unlike languages that require all their instructions to be translated into machine code first, BASIC is turned into machine language line by line as the program runs. BASIC commands typify high-level languages because of their simplicity and their closeness to natural human language. For example, a program that divides a number in half can be written as, 10 INPUT ¡°ENTER A NUMBER,¡± X The numbers that precede each line are
chosen by the programmer to indicate the sequence of the commands. The
first line prints ¡°ENTER A NUMBER¡± on the computer screen followed by
a question mark to prompt the user to type in the number labeled ¡°X.¡±
In the next line, that number is divided by two and stored as ¡°Y.¡± In
the third line, the result of the operation is displayed on the computer
screen. Even though BASIC is rarely used today, this simple program demonstrates
how data are stored and manipulated in most high-level programming languages. |


Example for users to understand how to use the library¶
Different methods have been written for interconversion between different mappings related to omnidirectional cameras.
1. Equirectangular image to fisheye or pinhole camera image¶
Possible areas of application
Generate images with different focal length and distortion coefficients.
Generate synthetic images for the training of various deep learning models.
Image augmentation
Creating interesting visual effects with 360 ° videos.
Some of the above-mentioned applications have been discussed in detail in the application notes sections.
2. Fisheye image to equirectangular image¶
Possible areas of application
Used for stitching and creating a 360 ° video from two fisheye cameras facing away from each other.
To upload omnidirectional camera videos to youtube which can support the 360 ° viewer GUI.
Used as an interconversion step
3. Equirectangular image to cubemap image in horizontal or dice format¶
Possible areas of application
Useful to create cubemap environment textures, for video games or VR application, from a given equirectangular image.
To remove distortions generated due to the fisheye lens.
Used in visual SLAM methods where omni directional cameras are used.
4. Cubemap image to equirectangular image¶
Possible areas of application
Create a compressed equirectangular form of texture maps which can be later converted to cubemap and used as texture maps.
Intermediate step when using omnidirectional cameras.
Convert cubemap based images into a format that can be uploaded to a 360 ° image/video viewer.
5. Convert equirectangular image to perspective image with desired field of view and viewing angles¶
Possible areas of application
Creating different perspective views in a 360 ° video/image.
Object detection in 360 ° videos with existing pre-trained models.
Creating a GUI to view 360 ° videos and images.
Surveillance robots using omnidirectional cameras.
6. Convert cubemap image to perspective image with desired field of view and viewing angles¶
Possible areas of application
Create different perspective views in a 360 ° video/image.
Creating a GUI to view 360 ° videos and images.
Simulate and analyze a texture map in a video game.


{{ 'judge-self-test.please-wait-to-be-connected' | translate }}
{{ 'judge-self-test.please-call-beforenumber' | translate }}{{ contact.phone }}{{ 'judge-self-test.please-call-afternumber' | translate }}
{{ 'judge-self-test.we-will-tell-the-participants-their-hearing-may-be-delayed' | translate }}


new AccessToken(iss, sub, iat)
AccessToken
Init token using required claims
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
iss |
* | |
sub |
* | |
iat |
* |
Extends
Members
claimsForVerification
Required verification claims
- Inherited From:
- Source:
knownOptionalClaims
Known optional claims
- Overrides:
- Source:
optionalClaims
Provided optional claims
- Inherited From:
- Source:
optionalVerificationClaims
Expected optional verification claims that are known
- Inherited From:
- Source:
optionsForObjects
Other option values
- Overrides:
- Source:
optionsToPayload
Required claims
- Overrides:
- Source:
requiredClaims
Provided required claims
- Overrides:
- Source:
verificationClaims
Expected required verification claims
- Inherited From:
- Source:
Methods
addOptionalClaims()
Add optional claims
- Inherited From:
- Source:
fromJSON()
Deserialization of JSON type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
fromJWT()
Deserialization of JWT type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
fromUrlEncoded()
Deserialization of URL Encoded type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
getOptionalClaims()
Fetch optional claims
- Inherited From:
- Source:
getRequiredClaims()
Fetch required claims
- Overrides:
- Source:
setNoneAlgorithm()
User explicitly wants to set None Algorithm attribute
- Inherited From:
- Source:
toJSON()
Serialization of JSON type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
toJWT()
Serialization of JWT type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
toUrlEncoded()
Serialization of URL Encoded type
- Inherited From:
- Source:
validateOptionalVerificationClaims()
Throws error if optional verification claims are not present
- Inherited From:
- Source:
validateRequiredFields()
Validate required claims
- Overrides:
- Source:
validateRequiredVerificationClaims()
Throws error if required verification claims are not present
- Inherited From:
- Source:


--- layout: default title: "Systems" description: "" ---
BioNex Solutions is revolutionizing laboratory automation by rethinking productivity, reliability, and flexibility. Our system designs focus on eliminating the "idle time" of each operation in a workflow (e.g., microplate handling, material transfer, etc.). Each system is easily customized with proven standard products to automate any application.
An exceptionally fast robot with a 360 degree reach, enabling highly flexible and configurable system designs for high throughput applications.
Designed for vertical integration the Hive Robot utilizes space above and below the reach of a standard robotic arm.
A compact and sophisticated microplate handling robot for medium throughput applications, whether integrated on a lab bench or on a platform.
At the heart of BioNex Systems is the proven VWorks Automation Control Software. It's outstanding event-driven controller and innovative error recovery technology is fast becoming the standard for controlling a wide range of automation systems at the world's leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.


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Vienna


Cloudy, wet start to the week in Kamloops won't last
by Steve ArstadThe clouds and rain should clear out of Kamloops by tomorrow, to be replaced by sunny but slightly cooler weather this week.
Environment Canada says to expect periods of rain today, Nov. 18, with a high of 7 Celsius. The periods of rain should end overnight but not before the snow level drops to 800 metres this evening. The forecast calls for a low of 2 C overnight.
The skies should clear tomorrow morning with west winds at 30 km/h gusting to 50 and a high of 8 C. Tomorrow’s overnight low is expected to dip to -3 C.
Wednesday should be sunny with a high of 3 C and a low down to -4 C.
Thursday and Friday are expected to be much the same, with lots of sunshine and a high of 1 C on Thursday and 2 C on Friday, with lows of -3 C and -1 C respectively.
Normal temperatures for this time of year in Kamloops are highs of 4 C and lows of -3 C.


HTML5 Boilerplate homepage | Documentation table of contents
Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5 Boilerplate even better. We don’t want to include it all by default, as not everything fits with everyone’s needs.
Users can install a Chrome app directly from your website, as long as the app and site have been associated via Google’s Webmaster Tools. Read more on Chrome Web Store’s Inline Installation docs.
<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">
Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the App Store. Include the following meta tag will unintrusively allow the user the option to download your iOS app, or open it with some data about the user’s current state on the website.
<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts, cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on the request.
There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS, the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the page.
The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign content. Fewer requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater.
<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">
Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links.

Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched.
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com">
You can use as many of these as you need, but it’s best if they are all
immediately after the Meta
Charset
element (which should go right at the top of the head
), so the browser can
act on them ASAP.
Amazon S3:
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s3.amazonaws.com">
Google APIs:
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com">
Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network:
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.microsoft.com">
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.aspnetcdn.com">
The optimized Google Universal Analytics snippet included with HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview');
To customize further, see Google’s Advanced Setup, Pageview, and Event Docs.
In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions
that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU).
Thus a webmaster using the Google Universal Analytics may have to ensure that
no personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with
the ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
parameter
before sending any events/pageviews. In use it looks like this:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXX-X', 'auto');
ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
ga('send', 'pageview');
An article by @JangoSteve explains how to track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics.
Add this to plugins.js
:
/*
* Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics
* See: http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/
*/
if (typeof ga !== "undefined" && ga !== null) {
$(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){
ga('send', 'pageview', settings.url);
});
}
Add this function after ga
is defined:
(function(window){
var undefined,
link = function (href) {
var a = window.document.createElement('a');
a.href = href;
return a;
};
window.onerror = function (message, file, line, column) {
var host = link(file).hostname;
ga('send', {
'hitType': 'event',
'eventCategory': (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error',
'eventAction': message,
'eventLabel': (file + ' LINE: ' + line + (column ? ' COLUMN: ' + column : '')).trim(),
'nonInteraction': 1
});
};
}(window));
Add this function after ga
is defined:
$(function(){
var isDuplicateScrollEvent,
scrollTimeStart = new Date,
$window = $(window),
$document = $(document),
scrollPercent;
$window.scroll(function() {
scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height());
if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90%
isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1;
ga('send', 'event', 'scroll',
'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's'
);
}
});
});
IE10 does not support plugins, such as Flash, in Metro mode. If
your site requires plugins, you can let users know that via the
x-ua-compatible
meta element, which will prompt them to switch
to Desktop Mode.
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="requiresActiveX=true">
Here’s what it looks like alongside H5BP’s default x-ua-compatible
values:
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge,requiresActiveX=true">
You can find more information in Microsoft’s IEBlog post about prompting for plugin use in IE10 Metro Mode.
Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE9 users to add it to their Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you can easily configure with the elements below. See more documentation on IE9 Pinned Sites.
Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your application.
<meta name="application-name" content="Sample Title">
You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their mouse over your Pinned Site’s icon.
<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="A description of what this site does.">
If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the
homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can
track the number of pinned users, like so:
http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true">
IE9+ will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site’s favicon to
shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use
named colors (red
) or hex colors (#ff0000
).
<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#ff0000">
If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600 minimum.
<meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=800;height=600">
Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site’s icon gets a right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon (essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you need.
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 1;action-uri=http://host/Page1.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon1.ico">
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 2;action-uri=http://microsoft.com/Page2.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon2.ico">
Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the tile’s background color. Full details on the IE blog.
metro-tile.png
).meta
elements described
in the IE Blog post.IE10 will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app’s tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates even when your app isn’t actively running. The badge’s value can be a number, or one of a predefined list of glyphs.
<meta name="msapplication-badge" value="frequency=NUMBER_IN_MINUTES;polling-uri=http://www.example.com/path/to/file.xml">
Similar to -webkit-tap-highlight-color in iOS Safari. Unlike that CSS property, this is an HTML meta element, and its value is boolean rather than a color. It’s all or nothing.
<meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no" />
You can read about this useful element and more techniques in Microsoft’s documentation on adapting WebKit-oriented apps for IE10
<link rel="sitemap" type="application/xml" title="Sitemap" href="/sitemap.xml">
According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not allow search engines to index your “Contact Us” or “Complaints” page if you value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that.
<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
WARNING: DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES.
Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a browser search plugin. A “search plugin” is an XML file which defines how your plugin behaves in the browser. How to make a browser search plugin.
<link rel="search" title="" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="">
Use polyfills.
Use Microformats (via microdata) for optimum search results visibility.
If you’re building a web app you may want native style momentum scrolling in
iOS 5+
using -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch
.
If you want to disable the translation prompt in Chrome or block Google
Translate from translating your web page, use <meta name="google"
value="notranslate">
.
To disable translation for a particular section of the web page, add
class="notranslate"
.
If you want to disable the automatic detection and formatting of possible
phone numbers in Safari on iOS, use <meta name="format-detection"
content="telephone=no">
.
Avoid development/stage websites “leaking” into SERPs (search engine results page) by implementing X-Robots-tag headers.
Screen readers currently have less-than-stellar support for HTML5 but the JS script accessifyhtml5.js can help increase accessibility by adding ARIA roles to HTML5 elements.
Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to learn how to write an RSS feed from scratch?
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/rss.xml">
Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in addition to it. See what Atom’s all about.
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom" href="/atom.xml">
Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href attribute should contain the location of your pingback service.
<link rel="pingback" href="">
You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For specific content types (including “website”), see Facebook’s built-in Open Graph content templates. Take full advantage of Facebook’s support for complex data and activity by following the Open Graph tutorial.
<meta property="og:title" content="">
<meta property="og:description" content="">
<meta property="og:image" content="">
Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. Note that, as of this writing, Twitter requires that app developers activate Cards on a per-domain basis. You can read more about the various snippet formats and application process in the official Twitter Cards documentation.
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="http://www.example.com/path/to/page.html">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://www.example.com/path/to/image.jpg">
Signal to search engines and others “Use this URL for this page!” Useful when
parameters after a #
or ?
is used to control the display state of a page.
http://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true
can be indexed as
the cleaner, more accurate http://www.example.com/cart.html
.
<link rel="canonical" href="">
Signal to the world “This is the shortened URL to use this page!” Poorly supported at this time. Learn more by reading the article about shortlinks on the Microformats wiki.
<link rel="shortlink" href="h5bp.com">
If you use separate URLs for desktop and mobile users, you should consider helping search engine algorithms better understand the configuration on your web site.
This can be done by adding the following annotations in your HTML pages:
link rel="alternate"
tag pointing to the
corresponding mobile URL, e.g.:<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="http://m.example.com/page.html" >
link rel="canonical"
tag pointing to the
corresponding desktop URL, e.g.:<link rel="canonical" href="http://www.example.com/page.html">
For more information please see:
There are a couple of meta tags that provide information about a web app when added to the Home Screen on iOS:
apple-mobile-web-app-capable
will make your web app chrome-less and
provide the default iOS app view. You can control the color scheme of the
default view by adding apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style
.<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
apple-mobile-web-app-title
to add a specific sites name for the
Home Screen icon. This works since iOS 6.<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="">
For further information please read the official documentation on Apple’s site.
The Apple touch icons can be seen as the favicons of iOS devices.
The main sizes of the Apple touch icons are:
57×57px
– iPhone with @1x display and iPod Touch72×72px
– iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≤ 676×76px
– iPad and iPad mini with @1x display running iOS ≥ 7114×114px
– iPhone with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6120×120px
– iPhone with @2x and @3x display running iOS ≥ 7144×144px
– iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS ≤ 6152×152px
– iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 7180×180px
– iPad and iPad mini with @2x display running iOS 8Displays meaning:
More information about the displays of iOS devices can be found here.
In most cases, one 180×180px
touch icon named apple-touch-icon.png
and including:
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="apple-touch-icon.png">
in the <head>
of the page is enough. If you use art-direction and/or
want to have different content for each device, you can add more touch
icons as written above.
For a more comprehensive overview, please refer to Mathias’ article on Touch Icons.
Apart from that it is possible to add start-up screens for web apps on iOS. This
basically works by defining apple-touch-startup-image
with an according link
to the image. Since iOS devices have different screen resolutions it is
necessary to add media queries to detect which image to load. Here is an
example for a retina iPhone:
<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" media="(max-device-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)" href="img/startup-retina.png">
However, it is possible to detect which start-up image to use with JavaScript. The Mobile Boilerplate provides a useful function for this. Please see helpers.js for the implementation.
Chrome Mobile has a specific meta tag for making apps installable to the homescreen which tries to be a more generic replacement to Apple’s proprietary meta tag:
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
Same applies to the touch icons:
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="highres-icon.png">
You can add the theme-color
meta extension
in the <head>
of your pages to suggest the color that browsers and
OSes should use if they customize the display of individual pages in
their UIs with varying colors.
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ff69b4">
The content
attribute extension can take any valid CSS color.
Currently, the theme-color
meta extension is supported by Chrome 39+
for Android Lollipop
and Firefox OS 2.1+.


Different wood finishes provide different levels of protection and grain enhancement. In other words, each wood finish has its strengths and weaknesses. Some use cases call for a specific finish.
This is the bullet-points version of the info in this video on YouTube.
Stain
- Change the color of wood while leaving the grain visible
- Doesn’t offer much protection
- Add mineral spirits to dilute or add multiple coats to intensify
- Apply with a paint brush or cloth
- Dries quickly
- Raises the grain, so sand lightly in between coats
Oil
- Brings out the natural beauty of wood
- Protect against moisture but are nowhere near as effective as, say, varnish or shellac
- Lots of types, including…
- Boiled linseed oil
- Cheap, good for decorative things that don’t require much protection (like a picture frame)
- Teak oil
- Tung oil
- Mineral oil
- Food-safe, so good for items like chopping boards or spoons
- Danish oil
- Offers more protection than other oils, b/c is a mixture of oil and varnish
- Good for things that require protection, like a tabletop
Polyurethane
- Plastic coating for wood
- Variants include…
- water-based (dries quickly, doesn’t beautify the wood)
- oil-based (dries slowly, beautifies the wood)
- Most durable finish
- Leaves a plastic-y feel to it
Varnish
- Made of oils, resins, solvents
- Dries slowly
- Brings out natural beauty
- Durable, although not as much as polyurethane
Laquer
- A thin, liquid varnish that is usually sprayed
- Durable
- Dries quickly
- Can be polished
- Brings out natural beauty in the wood
Shellac
- Glossy finish
- Dries quickly
- Easy to apply
- Often used on antiques and fine furniture
- Not as durable as varnish/poly
- Dulls with age
Finishing Wax/Beeswax
- Protects against moisture (indoors only)
- Brings out beauty
- Leaves a smooth finish
- Can be polished
- Clear or colored variants available
- Apply sparingly with a cloth in a circular motion
- Can be re-applied as needed
- Can’t use another finish after wax