.
If we plot every country's Ease of Doing Business ranking against
their access to electricity percentage, it's clear there's a
linear relationship.
The countries that have high
access to electricity have a better Doing Business score.
Take a look at the cluster of countries in the bottom right of
this plot. The 50 best countries to do business in all have
100% access to electricity
What about
Sub-Saharan Africa?
Sub-Saharan Africa is spread out across the board, but the linear
relationship is clearly present here. The more electrified a
country is, the easier is it to do business.
Let's
focus on a smaller subset
Just 5 Sub-Saharan countries
have at least 85% access to electricity. Of them, they have an
average ease of doing business ranking of
101 of 190.
13 Sub-Saharan African countries have less than 25% access to
electricity and 5 have less than
just 15% with an average ease of doing business ranking of
163 of 190.
Luckily, there's an opportunity. In many of these African
countries, there's some of the highest
renewable potential in the entire world.
Africa accounts for more solar irradiance than any other continent
and in many countries exceeds the minimum requirements for wind
power.
.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Apprenticeships {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_alpha.html" %} {% include "includes/secondary-nav-people.html" %} {% include "includes/breadcrumbs/register-back.html" %} Delete user Changes Are you sure you want to delete Susan Hamazaki? No, don't delete Susan Hamazaki Yes, delete Susan Hamazaki {% endblock %}


Framework.OSS package¶
Submodules¶
Framework.OSS.xmltodict module¶
Makes working with XML feel like you are working with JSON
-
Framework.OSS.xmltodict.
parse
(xml_input, encoding=None, expat=<module 'xml.parsers.expat' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.pyc'>, process_namespaces=False, namespace_separator=':', **kwargs)[source]¶ Parse the given XML input and convert it into a dictionary.
xml_input can either be a string or a file-like object.
If xml_attribs is True, element attributes are put in the dictionary among regular child elements, using @ as a prefix to avoid collisions. If set to False, they are just ignored.
Simple example:
>>> import xmltodict >>> doc = xmltodict.parse(""" ...  ... 1 ... 2 ...  ... """) >>> doc['a']['@prop'] u'x' >>> doc['a']['b'] [u'1', u'2']
If item_depth is 0, the function returns a dictionary for the root element (default behavior). Otherwise, it calls item_callback every time an item at the specified depth is found and returns None in the end (streaming mode).
The callback function receives two parameters: the path from the document root to the item (name-attribs pairs), and the item (dict). If the callback’s return value is false-ish, parsing will be stopped with the
ParsingInterrupted
exception.Streaming example:
>>> def handle(path, item): ... print 'path:%s item:%s' % (path, item) ... return True ... >>> xmltodict.parse(""" ...  ... 1 ... 2 ... """, item_depth=2, item_callback=handle) path:[(u'a', {u'prop': u'x'}), (u'b', None)] item:1 path:[(u'a', {u'prop': u'x'}), (u'b', None)] item:2
The optional argument postprocessor is a function that takes path, key and value as positional arguments and returns a new (key, value) pair where both key and value may have changed. Usage example:
>>> def postprocessor(path, key, value): ... try: ... return key + ':int', int(value) ... except (ValueError, TypeError): ... return key, value >>> xmltodict.parse('12x', ... postprocessor=postprocessor) OrderedDict([(u'a', OrderedDict([(u'b:int', [1, 2]), (u'b', u'x')]))])
You can pass an alternate version of expat (such as defusedexpat) by using the expat parameter. E.g:
>>> import defusedexpat >>> xmltodict.parse('hello', expat=defusedexpat.pyexpat) OrderedDict([(u'a', u'hello')])
You can use the force_list argument to force lists to be created even when there is only a single child of a given level of hierarchy. The force_list argument is a tuple of keys. If the key for a given level of hierarchy is in the force_list argument, that level of hierarchy will have a list as a child (even if there is only one sub-element). The index_keys operation takes precendence over this. This is applied after any user-supplied postprocessor has already run.
For example, given this input: <servers>
- <server>
<name>host1</name> <os>Linux</os> <interfaces>
- <interface>
- <name>em0</name> <ip_address><IP_ADDRESS></ip_address>
</interface>
</interfaces>
</server>
</servers>
If called with force_list=(‘interface’,), it will produce this dictionary: {‘servers’:
- {‘server’:
- {‘name’: ‘host1’,
‘os’: ‘Linux’}, ‘interfaces’:
- {‘interface’:
- [ {‘name’: ‘em0’, ‘ip_address’: ‘<IP_ADDRESS>’ } ] } } }
force_list can also be a callable that receives path, key and value. This is helpful in cases where the logic that decides whether a list should be forced is more complex.
-
Framework.OSS.xmltodict.
unparse
(input_dict, output=None, encoding='utf-8', full_document=True, **kwargs)[source]¶ Emit an XML document for the given input_dict (reverse of parse).
The resulting XML document is returned as a string, but if output (a file-like object) is specified, it is written there instead.
Dictionary keys prefixed with attr_prefix (default=`’@’) are interpreted as XML node attributes, whereas keys equal to `cdata_key (default=`’#text’`) are treated as character data.
The pretty parameter (default=`False`) enables pretty-printing. In this mode, lines are terminated with `‘
- ‘` and indented with ‘ ‘, but this
- can be customized with the newl and indent parameters.
Module contents¶
Copyright 2017, Fujitsu Network Communications, Inc. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


The following document contains the listing of user tags found in the code. Below is the summary of the occurrences per tag.
| Tag Class | Total number of occurrences | Tag strings used by tag class |
|---|---|---|
| @todo | 0 | @todo |
| TODO | 17 | TODO |
Each tag is detailed below:
Number of occurrences found in the code: 17
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Call | Line |
|---|---|
| handle Parameter objects (named) | 413 |
| --No comment-- | 424 |
| convert to a desired return type? | 474 |
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.DatabaseTest | Line |
| make a more accurate comparison using the current TZ | 2316 |
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Parameter | Line |
| cache all these calcs when constructed | 49 |
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.TransactedUpdateBuilder | Line |
| add other methods e.g. parameter setting methods? Lots of copy-and-paste not attractive here so may accept restricting functionality once valuesOnly() called | 99 |
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.TxImplTest | Line |
| error throwing right for transactions? | 35 |
| org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Util | Line |
| can we parse SqlInfo through because already calculated by builder? | 296 |
| is fetchSize required for callablestatement | 342 |
| can we parse SqlInfo through because already calculated by builder? | 345 |
| java.util.Calendar support | 539 |
| XMLGregorian Calendar support | 540 |
| java.util.Calendar support | 572 |
| XMLGregorian Calendar support | 573 |
| java 9 support (fix IllegalAccessException) | 905 |
| check method has a mappable return type | 968 |
| check method has a mappable return type | 976 |


Disease Outbreaks
Reported
19 May 2003
As of 30 April 2003, the Ugandan Ministry of Public Health has reported a total of 277 cases with 35 deaths in March and April 2003 in Bundibugyo district, with most cases located along the Semliki and Lamia rivers. Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa has been confirmed by the Ugandan Public Health Laboratory.
The Ministry of Health has sent several missions to this area and is taking many measures to control the outbreak, including: improving the coordination and response at district level; carrying out health education campaigns; mobilizing the community about appropriate sanitation practices; training health workers in case management and use of oral rehydration salts as well as in surveillance and data management; and developing active case finding with community leaders.


I really enjoy techno and all kinds of dance music
This is a photo of my friend, Alden, and I in Detroit, MI for Movement festival 2015.


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My former colleague, Lish Eves taught that our western/Greek logic is based on ‘either/or’ – we deduce things with the default that one thing will exclude the other thing. This has been a useful shortcut in, for instance, Newtonian physics, but turns out to be a real drawback in our attempts to understand quantum mechanics.
Different cultures see things in very different ways
But, she said, many other non-western cultures, notably the ancient Hebrews, have a default logic that is ‘both/and’ – this makes them appear to us illogical and incapable of reasoning when in fact it’s merely a different kind of reasoning and the only way of dealing with some truths.
Einstein rejected quantum physics because he was an ‘either/or’ person. But light IS both wave and particle; there are occasions where the photon/electron or whatever IS in superposition – both here and there. Jesus IS fully human and fully divine. etc. For ancient Jews, my comical example is “Your god does not exist, AND our God could beat him up with one hand tied behind his back, AND he doesn’t have hands anyway.”
To us, this is mildly amusing; I’m not sure St Paul would understand why we think so.
In our lives, relationships are easier to see as ‘both/and’. Most westerners can conceive of a love/hate relationship when it comes to themselves. But the extreme modernist frequently complains, “How can you say God is a God of love when X Y and Z?” EITHER he is this and not that OR he is... etc.
You and I are culturally conditioned, I think, to lump things into either/or categories. Other cultures would find this arbitrary.
What I never got around to asking Lish is why it is that she thinks cultures need to be either one or the other.
I was conversing with a colleague this morning and he reminded me of a sermon C.S. Lewis gave in Oxford, titled ‘Transposition’.
It features the analogy of a symphony transposed for solo piano. It’s astonishing that such a feat can be done at all – but when it is done well, the person who knows the richer form – the multi-voiced orchestra – hears echoes of that in the simplified form – the lone piano.
Lewis uses it to explain how larger multi-dimensional spiritual truths might be represented on the relatively flat canvas of the physical portion of space-time which we mortals can perceive and process.
| Author | Title | Reserve Price | Current Bid |
|---|---|---|---|
| E.E. Cummings | Tulips & Chimneys | $2,000.00 | $2,642.50 |
| Charles d'Orleans | Poemes | $3,000.00 | $5,866.00 |
| T.S. Eliot | Poems 1909 - 1925 | $1,250.00 | $8,499.35 |
| Sylvia Plath | The Colossus | $500.00 | $1031.72 |


Modi Ji Ki Beti: Eddy Singh’s Directorial Debut Gathers Steam At An Ongoing NFDC Film Bazaar
Its title caught the attention of many at the ongoing Film Bazaar in Goa.
by IANSA film titled “Modi Ji Ki Beti” is under production. Although the subject of the film is under wraps, it is said to be a comedy action film.
The film marks the directorial debut of ad-filmmaker Eddy Singh, and its title caught the attention of many at the ongoing Film Bazaar in Goa.
Singh had a fun and motivational chat with Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting Prakash Javadekar at the Film Bazaar venue. “It was a pleasure meeting him and some great industry people whom I have admired and I look forward to work with,” said the director.
“It’s my pleasure to introduce our film ‘Modi Ji Ki Beti‘, a comedy action film. A promising film which serves entertainment as well as a social message too,” he added.
The cast and other details about the movie are yet to be revealed.


Born and raised in Haryana,
I am a final year Computer Engineering student from NSIT, Delhi.
My experience in tech includes working with Web Development, Linux OS and Machine Learning.
I also like working with neural networks and open source APIs.
In my college, I am a part of a technical society, taking classes for juniors to share my experience and knowledge of stuff like data structures, algorithms and web development.
Apart from that I have also been a member of the theatrical society to do stage plays.
For leisure, I enjoy watching a lot of TV series and movies.


|
KlusterKite
0.0.0
A framework to create scalable and redundant services based on awesome Akka.Net project.
|
Resolves value for simple objects More...
Public Member Functions | |
| Task< JToken > | ResolveQuery (object source, ApiRequest request, ApiField apiField, RequestContext context, JsonSerializer argumentsSerializer, Action< Exception > onErrorCallback) |
| Resolves API request to object More... | |
| ApiType | GetElementType () |
| Gets the resolved api type of resolved element More... | |
| IEnumerable< ApiField > | GetTypeArguments () |
| Gets the list of arguments that are supported by resolver itself (not the original object method arguments) More... | |
Resolves value for simple objects
| TScalar | The type of scalar |
Definition at line 29 of file ScalarResolver.cs.
| ApiType KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.ScalarResolver< TScalar >.GetElementType | ( | ) |
Gets the resolved api type of resolved element
Implements KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.IResolver.
Definition at line 38 of file ScalarResolver.cs.
| IEnumerable<ApiField> KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.ScalarResolver< TScalar >.GetTypeArguments | ( | ) |
Gets the list of arguments that are supported by resolver itself (not the original object method arguments)
Implements KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.IResolver.
Definition at line 44 of file ScalarResolver.cs.
| Task<JToken> KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.ScalarResolver< TScalar >.ResolveQuery | ( | object | source, |
| ApiRequest | request, | ||
| ApiField | apiField, | ||
| RequestContext | context, | ||
| JsonSerializer | argumentsSerializer, | ||
| Action< Exception > | onErrorCallback | ||
| ) |
Resolves API request to object
Implements KlusterKite.API.Provider.Resolvers.IResolver.
Definition at line 32 of file ScalarResolver.cs.


--- layout: page-wide title: Sacred Spaces description: Mapping Religion and the Built Environment in Early-Modern Venezuela background: '/img/Map-Venezuela.png' ---
Sacred Spaces is a digital project about the history of the Province of Venezuela through the lens of the religious built environment created during the colonial period (1500-1800).
The interactive map is a visualization tool for geographical and historical information about the religious history of the colonial Venezuela. Each of the points contains information about different temples and locations established in the region since the arrival of Europeans in the sixteenth century and prior to the process of independence in the early-eighteenth century.
Using different primary and secondary sources, we are locating in space and time all the religious temples, missions, encomiendas, towns, cities, and villages built between the late-sixteenth and the early-eighteenth centuries.
Each of the markers in the map provides background information the place. Some of these markers will allow users to access pages of detailed information from each of the temples in the map.
Click any of the entries to find out more about the towns and temples created throughout the colonial period!


--- layout: nhif-faq title: NHIF FAQ ---
I've been getting so many questions in the comments that I decided to compile the most frequently asked, get the answer from NHIF staff and list them here. You can also contact NHIF with your queries by calling these toll free line... 0800 720 601,<PHONE_NUMBER>/56,<PHONE_NUMBER>/94,<PHONE_NUMBER>. Kindly go through the list to see if your question has been answered below before leaving a comment.
For the informal sector, you have to wait for 60 days while for the formal sector you only wait for 30 days.
Between 24 and 48 hrs, but some payments are even instant.
You can either pay the backlog and the penalties, or you can just pay the principal amount and wait for 60 days to access the services.
Just make a call to NHIF using one of the contact numbers given above and you'll be sorted. The numbers are toll free. You can also get your number by texting ID **** to 21101 where **** is your ID number and the message you receive will indicate your NHIF membership number.
You can only do this twice a year. What you do is wait for a call for registration for the preffered hospital and visit an NHIF branch to do this. If you have a very solid reason as to why you need to change before a call is made, you can always visit your nearest NHIF branch.
It is on the 9th of every month.
If your employer misses the deadline, he pays twice the principal. For the informal contributors, you pay the principal plus 50% of the principle. In other words, if you are to pay on, let's say 12th, instead of paying the normal Ksh. 500 you pay Ksh.750.
This online feature and others are set to be launched in the next few weeks. Keep it here and we'll keep you posted.
Just visit their website at http://www.nhif.or.ke and you'll be able to get all the latest and some more.
This depends on the hospital you choose to visit. There are three categories of NHIF Accredited Hospitals and each category has a different contract with NHIF. Visit the linked post to see which category your hospital falls under and how much NHIF will pay for you.
I am not NHIF and I have never been affiliated to them in any way. If you have specific issues, kindly contact NHIF directly or visit your nearest branch for assistance.
Read more: http://www.kenya.info.ke/2015/06/how-to-check-nhif-account-contributions.html#ixzz4ud0QDUcn
Follow us: @ModernMomHq on Twitter.


Barnhart, Robert K., ed., Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology, H.W. Wilson Co., 1988.
Buck, Carl Darling, A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages, University of Chicago, 1949, reprinted 1988.
Cassidy, Frederic G., and Hall, Joan Houston, eds., Dictionary of American Regional English, Harvard University Press, 1985-2002.
de Vaan, Michiel, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, vol. 7, of Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series, Alexander Lubotsky ed., Leiden: Brill, 2008.
Farmer, John S., Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present, London, 1890.
Fowler, H.W., A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, Oxford Univ. Press, 1926.
Gamillscheg, Ernst, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Französischen Sprache, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1928.
Grose, Francis, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, London, 1785; 2nd edition, London, 1788; 3rd edition, London, 1796; expanded by others as Lexicon Balatronicum. A Dictionary of Buckish Slang, University Wit, and Pickpocket Eloquence, London, 1811.
Hall, J.R. Clark, A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, 1894, reprint with supplement by Herbert D. Meritt, University of Toronto Press, 1984.
Hindley, Alan, Frederick W. Langley, Brian J. Levy, Old French-English Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Kipfer, Barbara Ann, ed., and Robert L. Chapman, Dictionary of American Slang, 4th ed., HarperCollins, 2007.
Klein, Dr. Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1971.
Lewis, Charlton T., Elementary Latin Dictionary, Oxford, 1890.
Liberman, Anatoly, Analytic Dictionary of English Etymology, University of Minnesota Press, 2008.
Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott, eds., Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford Univ. Press, 1883.
McSparran, Frances, chief editor, The Middle English Compendium, University of Michigan, 2006.
Room, Adrian, Place Names of the World, 2nd ed., McFarland & Co., 2006.
The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989.
Watkins, Calvert, ed., The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., 2000.
Weekley, Ernest, An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, John Murray, 1921; reprint 1967, Dover Publications.
Whitney, William Dwight, ed., The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, New York: The Century Co., 1902.
Zoëga, Geir T., A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, reprint, University of Toronto Press, 2004.
Agnes, Michael, ed. in chief, Webster's New World College Dictionary, fourth edition, MacMillan, 1999.
Allen, Richard Hinckley, Star Names and Their Meanings, London: Stechert, 1899.
Ayto, John, Dictionary of Word Origins, Arcade Publishing, 1990.
----------, 20th Century Words, Oxford University Press, 1999.
Bardsley, Charles Wareing, English Surnames, London: Chatto and Windus, 5th ed., 1915.
Barney, Stephen A., Word-Hoard, Yale University Press, 1977.
Barrère, Albert, Argot and Slang, London, 1889.
Barrère, Albert, and Charles G. Leland, A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon & Cant, Ballantyne Press, 1890.
Bartlett, John Russell, Dictionary of Americanisms, 2nd ed., Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1859.
Brachet, A., An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language, transl. G.W. Kitchin, Oxford, 1882.
Bright, William, Native American Placenames of the United States, University of Oklahoma Press, 2004.
Brockett, John Trotter, A Glossary of North Country Words, Newcastle, 1829.
Craigie, Sir William A., and James R. Hulbert, A Dictionary of American English on Historical Principles, University of Chicago Press, 1938.
Diez, Friederich, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Romanischen Sprachen, Bonn, 1853.
Donkin, T.C., An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages, Edinburgh, 1864.
Elson, Louis C., Elson's Music Dictionary, Boston: Oliver Ditson Co., 1905.
Farmer, David Hugh, Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Oxford Paperback, 1978.
Flood, W.E., The Origins of Chemical Names, London: Oldbourne Book Co., 1963.
Fowler, H.W., A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, 2nd edition, revised by Sir Ernest Gowers, Oxford Univ. Press, 1965.
Gelling, Margaret, Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England, Chichester: Phillimore & Co., 3rd ed., 1997.
Gildersleeve, Basil L., Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, Macmillan & Co., 1895.
Gordon, E.V., An Introduction to Old Norse, 2nd ed., rev., Oxford University Press, 1956.
Grimm, Jacob, and Wilhelm Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch, Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1911.
Hatefeld, Adolphe, & Arsène Darmesteter, Dictionnaire Général de la Langue Française, Paris: Librairie Delagrave, 1926.
Hoblyn, Richard Dennis, A Dictionary of Term Used in Medicine, 2nd ed., London, 1844.
Holthausen, Ferd., Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1927.
Jamieson, John, D.D., A Dictionary of the Scottish Language (abridged edition), Edinburgh, 1846.
Johnson, Francis, A Dictionary of Persian, Arabic, and English, London, 1852.
Karttunen, Frances, An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, University of Texas, 1983.
Kent, Roland G., Old Persian, New Haven, Conn., American Oriental Society, 1953.
Kluge, Friedrich, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 24 durchgesehene, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2002.
Lass, Roger, Old English, A Historical Linguistic Companion, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Lyovin, Anatole V., An Introduction to the Languages of the World, Oxford University Press, 1997.
Mencken, H.L., The American Language, Alfred A. Knopf, 4th ed., 1965.
Mills, A.D., A Dictionary of English Place Names, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymologically and Philologically Arranged, Oxford University Press, 1899.
Partridge, Eric, Slang To-day and Yesterday, 3rd ed., Barnes & Noble, 1950.
Pickering, John, A Vocabulary, or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of America, Boston, 1816.
Pokorny, Julius, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, Tübingen: A. Francke Verlag, 1959.
Rawson, Hugh, Wicked Words, Crown Publishers, 1989.
Simpson, D.P., Cassell's New Latin Dictionary, Funk & Wagnall's, 1959.
Smith, William, ed., A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: John Murray, 1878.
Stratmann, Francis H., & Henry Bradley, A Middle-English Dictionary, Oxford, 1891.
Thayer, Joseph Henry, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, American Book Co., 1889.
Thornton, Richard H., An American Glossary, Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1912.
Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
Upton, Clive & J.D.A. Widdowson, An Atlas of English Dialect, Oxford Univ. Press, 1996.
Venezky, Richard L., The American Way of Spelling, The Guilford Press, 1999.
Walsh, William S., Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1892.
Watts, Victor, The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004.
Wilson, R.M., and Reaney, Percy H., Dictionary of English Surnames, 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1995.
Wright, Joseph, The English Dialect Dictionary, London, 1900.
Wright, Thomas, ed., Popular Treatises on Science Written During the Middle Ages, London, 1841.


Charts for Twilio call centers
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SVG Rasterizer
This page describes the features of the SVG Rasterizer utility that comes with the Batik distribution. The SVG Rasterizer is a utility that can convert SVG files to a raster format. The tool can convert individual files or sets of files, making it easy to convert entire directories of SVG files. The provided formats are JPEG, PNG and TIFF, however the design allows new formats to be added easily. In addition, the rasterizer can (despite its name) transcode to PDF.
Downloading the rasterizer
Refer to the install page and the download area to find out what to download and how to install it. Remember that you can get either the source or binary distribution.
Rasterizing one or several SVG files
The method for starting the rasterizer depends on the distribution of Batik that you chose to download. The following describes how to start the viewer for each distribution.
Using the binary distribution
If you downloaded the binary distribution of Batik, you should have a file called batik-1.6.zip (or similar), and, after expanding that file, a jar file called batik-rasterizer.jar. To start the rasterizer, open a console, go to the directory where you expanded the distribution (and where batik-rasterizer.jar is located) and simply type the following at the command prompt:
java -jar batik-rasterizer.jar FILES
For example, if you type:
java -jar batik-rasterizer.jar samples/batikFX.svg
you will see the following printout:
Converting file: samples/BatikFX.svg to samples/BatikFX.png
Once the conversion is complete, you will find a batikFX.png file in the samples directory.
You can pass options on the command line:
java -jar batik-rasterizer.jar [OPTIONS] FILES
where, as options:
For example:
java -jar batik-rasterizer.jar -d myDir -m image/jpeg samples/*.svg
will generate JPEG images for all the SVG files found in the samples directory.
Using the source distribution
If you downloaded the source distribution of Batik, you got a zip or tar file that expanded into a directory called xml-batik or batik-version. In that directory, you can find build scripts for the platform you are running on. For example, there is a build.bat script for users of the Windows platform and there is a build.sh script for UNIX users.
To start the rasterizer you should:
- Make sure that your JAVA_HOME environment variable is set to your JDK installation directory.
- Open a command line window and go to the xml-batik or batik-version directory where the Batik distribution was expanded.
-
For windows, type the following at the command prompt:
build svgrasterizer
and for Unix:
./build.sh svgrasterizer
This will print out a help message for the rasterizer.
You can pass options to the rasterizer as follows, for Windows:
build svgrasterizer [OPTIONS] FILES
and for Unix:
./build.sh svgrasterizer [OPTIONS] FILES
Refer to “Using the binary distribution” for an explanation of the options.
Rasterizer Ant task
The Rasterizer task is an Ant version of the rasterizer utility. It fulfills the same basic purpose as the utility but has a different syntax and a slightly different set of features.
The task is able to produce four raster formats: PNG, JPEG, TIFF and PDF.
Using the rasterizer task
The first thing to do is to compile rasterizer task classes. Download the source distribution of Batik and see the README file in the contrib/rasterizertask directory for more instructions. The build procedure works the same way as when building Batik itself.
After building, ensure that the generated batik-rasterizer.jar and the classes (or jar file) of the rasterizer task are in your CLASSPATH.
Next you have to define the task in your Ant project. To do this, add the following line either after the project start tag or after the target start tag in the target you are using the rasterizer task:
<taskdef name="rasterize" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.RasterizerTask"/>
Now you can use the rasterizer task in your project. See the parameters section for an explanation of the available parameters or the examples section to see few usage examples.
Parameters of the Ant task
The following table lists the attributes that may be specified on the rasterize task element.
| Attribute | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|
| result | Sets the type of the result image. Only one of the following values must be used: image/png, image/jpeg, image/tiff and application/pdf. The value must be in lowercase letters. | Yes |
| height | Sets the height of the result image in pixels. The task calculates the height from the SVG file if this parameter has not been set. The rasterizer keeps the aspect ratio of the SVG file even if the both height and width have been set. | No |
| width | Sets the width of the result image in pixels. The task calculates the width from the SVG file if this parameter has not been set. The rasterizer keeps the aspect ratio of the SVG file even if the both height and width have been set. | No |
| maxheight | Sets the maximum height of the result image in pixels. The image won’t be higher than defined in this parameter, regardless of the size set in the image itself or in other parameters. This is a floating point value. | No |
| maxwidth | Sets the maximum width of the result image in pixels. The image won’t be wider than defined in this parameter, regardless of the size set in the image itself or in other parameters. This is a floating point value. | No |
| quality | Sets the quality of the produced image. The value must be greater than 0 but smaller than 1, larger numbers meaning higher quality. The quality value is used only with JPEG images. The default quality value is 0.99. | No |
| area | Defines the area in the SVG file which will be rasterized. Parts outside this area are discarded and don’t show in the result image. The area attribute value has four integers separated by commas. The first two integers set the x and y coordinates of the upper left corner of the area, respectively. The last two integers set the width and height of the area, respectively. For example, 10, 20, 100, 200 sets the rectangular area from point 10, 10 to point 110, 220. The specified area is applied to all images if more than one file is rasterized during one task. | No |
| bg | Sets the background color of the result image. The bg attribute value is either three or four integers separated with commas. The four values are alpha channel, red, green, and blue, respectively. If only three values are given, then the values are red, green, and blue and the alpha channel is automatically set to 255 (opaque). All values have to between 0 and 255. The default value is none which means that background is transparent and not filled with any color. | No |
| media | CSS media type that is used to select a CSS stylesheet. The selected stylesheet is then used to rasterize the SVG files. Only the visual media group is supported (see the CSS2 specification for more information about media groups). The default value is screen. | No |
| dpi | Resolution for the result image. The attribute value is used to compute the “pixel to millimeter” ratio used when processing SVG files. The default value is 96. | No |
| lang | Language which is used select language specific areas from the SVG file during the rasterizing process. The valid values are defined in RFC3066. The default value is en. | No |
| src | Name of a one input file. Use this parameter to convert just one file whose name and location are known. The dest parameter must also be given. | One of the following is required: src attribute, srcdir attribute or fileset element(s). |
| dest | Name of a one output file. Used this with src parameter only. The output directory is created if it doesn’t exist. | Required if src is used. |
| srcdir | Name of the input directory. srcdir and fileset elements can be combined and srcdir can be omitted if there is at least one fileset child element. srcdir file selection can be controlled with include, exclude, etc. child elements. Note that without control parameters the task tries to rasterize all files in the given directory. | One of the following is required: src attribute, srcdir attribute or fileset element(s). |
| destdir | Name of an output directory. Use this with the srcdir attribute or fileset elements. The task generates the names of the output images by changing the suffix of the input file names to correspond the result image type. A suffix is added if the input file doesn’t have one. Output directories are created if they don’t exist. | Required if srcdir attribute or fileset elements are used. |
| classname | Class name of the XML parser used to parse SVG images. The value can be either the complete classname with package information included or the special name jaxp, which means any available parser in the CLASSPATH that supports JAXP. See the Batik code for the default value. | No |
You can use fileset elements to select input files and directories. See the Ant documentation to learn how to use filesets.
Examples of using the rasterizer task
The following example is the complete Ant project that converts an SVG image (called input.svg) to a PNG image (called output.png):
<?xml version="1.0"?> <project name="RasterizerExample" default="main" basedir="."> <taskdef name="rasterize" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.RasterizerTask"/> <target name="main"> <rasterize result="image/png" src="input.svg" dest="output.png"/> </target> </project>
The next example is just one task in a project. It converts all files with a .svg suffix in the images directory and all files in the images2 directory to TIFF images. The resulting image files are placed in the results directory.
<rasterize result="image/tiff" destdir="results"> <fileset dir="images"> <include name="**/*.svg"/> </fileset> <fileset dir="images2"/> </rasterize>


--- layout: page titles: Archive # @end locale config ---
Collection of all content uploaded by people of our community, organized by topic.
Go to Subjects if you want to view curriculums.


The prerequisites section gets you up and running with SKY UX. You only need to perform these steps when you first set up your developer environment to work with SKY UX.
After the initial setup, the basic SKY UX tutorials describe how to create and and manage single-page applications, and the advanced tutorials provide guidance beyond the basics.


Great American Smokeout set for Thursday
by Tim Darnell, The Atlanta Journal-ConstitutionThe Great American Smokeout is set for Thursday, an event designed to help the more than 34 million Americans who smoke to end the addictive habit.
The event is sponsored by the American Cancer Society. The organization said smoking remains the single largest preventable cause of death and illness in the world, causing an estimated 480,000 deaths every year.
More than 16 million Americans live with a smoking-related disease, even though cigarette smoking rates have dropped from 42% in 1965 to 14% in 2017.
For more than 40 years, the American Cancer Society has hosted the Great American Smokeout on the third Thursday of November.
According to the organization, the idea grew from a 1970 event in Randolph, Massachusetts where Arthur P. Mullaney asked people to give up cigarettes for a day and donate the money they would have spent on cigarettes to a high school scholarship fund.
In 1974, Lynn R. Smith, editor of the Monticello Times in Minnesota, spearheaded the state’s first D-Day, or Don’t Smoke Day.
The idea caught on, and Nov. 18, 1976, the California Division of the American Cancer Society got nearly 1 million people who smoke to quit for the day.
That California event was the first official Smokeout, and the American Cancer Society took it nationwide in 1977.
Many public places and work areas are now smoke-free – protecting nonsmokers and supporting people who smoke but want to quit.
© 2019 Cox Media Group.


Help and tutorials regarding the management of nutrients can be found on our help page.
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Thrillers are characterized by fast pacing, frequent action, and resourceful heroes who must thwart the plans of more-powerful and better-equipped villains. Literary devices such as suspense, red herrings and cliffhangers are used extensively.
Thrillers often overlap with mystery stories, but are distinguished by the structure of their plots. In a thriller, the hero must thwart the plans of an enemy, rather than uncover a crime that has already happened. Thrillers also occur on a much grander scale: the crimes that must be prevented are serial or mass murder, terrorism, assassination, or the overthrow of governments. Jeopardy and violent confrontations are standard plot elements. While a mystery climaxes when the mystery is solved, a thriller climaxes when the hero finally defeats the villain, saving his own life and often the lives of others.


Specifications
Specifications are saved to the parameterserver into the namespace /arni/specifications. They are expected in the following format:
- n!example_node: # a seuid
measurement1: [minvalue, maxvalue]
# or
measurement2: [value, deviation, "relative"]
Available measurement keys are listed below:
Nodes
- node_cpu_usage_mean (float32)
- node_cpu_usage_stddev (float32)
- node_cpu_usage_max (float32)
- node_cpu_usage_core_mean (float32[])
- node_cpu_usage_core_stddev (float32[])
- node_cpu_usage_core_max (float32[])
- node_gpu_usage_mean (float32[])
- node_gpu_usage_stddev (float32[])
- node_gpu_usage_max (float32[])
- node_ramusage_mean (float32)
- node_ramusage_stddev (float32)
- node_ramusage_max (float32)
- node_message_frequency_mean (float32)
- node_message_frequency_stddev (float32)
- node_message_frequency_max (float32)
- node_bandwidth_mean (float32)
- node_bandwidth_stddev (float32)
- node_bandwidth_max (float32)
- node_write_mean (float32)
- node_write_stddev (float32)
- node_write_max (float32)
- node_read_mean (float32)
- node_read_stddev (float32)
- node_read_max (float32)
Hosts
- cpu_temp_mean (float32)
- cpu_temp_stddev (float32)
- cpu_temp_max (float32)
- cpu_usage_mean (float32)
- cpu_usage_stddev (float32)
- cpu_usage_max (float32)
- cpu_usage_core_mean (float32[])
- cpu_usage_core_stddev (float32[])
- cpu_usage_core_max (float32[])
- cpu_temp_core (float32[])
- cpu_temp_core_mean (float32[])
- cpu_temp_core_stddev (float32[])
- cpu_temp_core_max (float32[])
- gpu_temp_mean (float32[])
- gpu_temp_stddev (float32[])
- gpu_temp_max (float32[])
- gpu_usage_mean (float32[])
- gpu_usage_stddev (float32[])
- gpu_usage_max (float32[])
- ram_usage_mean (float32)
- ram_usage_stddev (float32)
- ram_usage_max (float32)
- interface_name (string[])
- message_frequency_mean (float32[])
- message_frequency_stddev (float32[])
- message_frequency_max (float32[])
- bandwidth_mean (float32[])
- bandwidth_stddev (float32[])
- bandwidth_max (float32[])
- drive_name (string[])
- drive_free_space (float32[])
- drive_read (float32[])
- drive_write (float32[])
Connections
- dropped_msgs (int32)
- traffic (int32)
- period_mean (duration)
- period_stddev (duration)
- period_max (duration)
- stamp_age_mean (duration)
- stamp_age_stddev (duration)
- stamp_age_max (duration)
Topics
- dropped_msgs (int)
- traffic (float)
- bandwidth (float)
- stamp_age_max (time)
- stamp_age_mean (time)
- packages (int)
- packages_per_second (float)


DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE A film review by Rob Furr Copyright 1995 Rob Furr
Last week, I saw a Jackie Chan movie in a theatre for the first time. Aside from the incredible non-stop physical comedy, the most notable thing about DRUNKEN MASTER was the extent that Chan made of his surroundings. Where an American action film would simply have two characters enage in a stand-up fight, possibly but not probably using a chair as a weapon, Chan and his antagonists constantly made use of their environment; chairs, tables, trees, rocks, doors, windows, pots, jugs, sticks, anything and everything in their surroundings could be and was used and involved in the fight sequences.
I was reminded of DRUNKEN MASTER while I watched DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE, the third installment in Bruce Willis' caper-film series. The distinguishing factor of all DIE HARD-like films is their use of their environment; last summer's SPEED and the first DIE HARD are possibly the best of the sort in their use of their premises. Like Chan, the combatants in a DIE HARD film make use of or are affected by their environments--and usually these environments are strictly limited. The hero is on a bus, or in a building, or on a battleship, or a plane.
That's both the problem with DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE and its best aspect. The problem is that the tight confinement that comes with planes, buses, buildings, and boats limits the screenwriter's options and thus improves the Chan-like action. Instead of having to ask the question "Okay, what does the hero obtain to solve this problem," the screenwriter merely has to ask "How can the hero use what is available to solve the problem," which usually provides a far more interesting answer. John MacClane (according to the end credits of this film; I'd thought that the hero's name was John MacClaine in the previous outings. Que sera sera...) was handed an extremely limited set of options in his first appearance, and it made for one of the all-time great action movies. His options and choices were enlarged for DIE HARD 2: DIE HARDER, and the tension was reduced. His third film is set in an extremely large place ... and it *is* harmed by it, when compared to the majesty of the original.
However, ... this *is* New York. Everyone in the *world* knows New York, just like everyone knows what a building is, or a plane, or a boat, and the potential for creative use of New York is endless. We *know* what Central Park is, we know Harlem, we know Wall Street ... and when DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE is *using* New York, it almost reaches the heights of its illustrious predecessor. Just as we're astonished and amused when Jackie Chan fights off a horde of enraged waiters with chopsticks, we can be entertained by creative use of New York, and we are. Or, at least, I was when DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE showed me the fastest way to go ninety blocks in a cab, when it demonstrated exactly what the wrong thing to wear on 121st street was, what the best way to get fourteen dump trucks sixty miles north was, and so on. The creative use of New York in DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE is easily the equal of SPEED's creative use of the L.A. highway system, and far superior to THE TAKING OF PELHAM ONE TWO THREE's use of the New York subway system.
So we have the down side--an enormous place for action to take place in--and the up side--a really good enormous place for the action to take place in. On the down side, we also have the fact that this is a DIE HARD movie, and therefore the glorious surprise of the original DIE HARD is no longer possible.  We know very early in the film what the scam is and how things are supposed to go ... at least initially. This removes another element of tension from the movie, but it's replaced by the finest in Hollywood skill.  While it won't be studied in years to come in film class, it will in no way subtract from his reputation and it is in no way a black mark on his or anyone else's record. The special effects are, for the most part, excellent, primarily because of their subtlety. The direction is crisp and assured, the cinematography is uniformly good, and there are some *damn* good roles in this movie. Instead of giving us another character in the mold of Dwayne T. Robinson (played by Paul Gleason in the original film) or William Atherton's Thornburg (the two false notes in an otherwise perfect movie,) DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE presents us with competent and engaging, if not deep, characters who are played by actors in full command of their abilities. Of especial note is a character whose name I unfortunately did not catch and could therefore not look up in the credits: the role of the bomb disposal expert, which could have been a cheap joke, is filled by an actor who I've never seen before but look forward to seeing again. The music is also of note: just as Beethoven was used in the original, "Johnny Comes Marching Home" is a recurring and highly effective theme in this film--I plan on buying the soundtrack, which, considering that the last soundtrack I bought was for THE RIGHT STUFF, is saying something.
 The problem with writing a review of this sort of movie is not ruining it ahead of time,) decent if sketchy characters, and a high level of craftsmanship. DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE may not be the summer's biggest hit, but I can definitely say that it begins the summer season on a relatively high note. On the Furr Scale (of quality and ambition: I rate films based on how well they achieve what they want to do. A four-star one star film, such as EVIL DEAD II cannot be rated on the same scale with any justice as a one-star four star film such as HEAVEN'S GATE. Suffice it to say that I consider ROBOCOP to be a three-star three star movie, or, a reasonably ambitious movie that fufillis its ambitions well. THE SPECIALIST was a one star three star movie, or a reasonably ambitious movie that failed utterly, and LOCAL HERO was a four-star two star movie, or a movie that didn't aim too high, but did what it tried to do *insanely* well,) I give DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE the rating of a three-star three star movie.
-- Rob Furr's HTMLized .SIG is at http://www.groucho.com/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to adapt throughout life, through formation and strengthening of what we call 'neural pathways'.
Firstly, we think of the brain as containing many neurons (cells of the nervous system) connected to other neurons across the body, as well as within the brain, via neural pathways. When we try new things, we create new neural pathways. When we practice these things, these neural pathways are travelled more frequently and thus the connection from neuron to neuron becomes faster -- in other words, memory is improved, creating what we call a habit.
Being aware of this can be a true benefit to everyone. It just goes back to that old adage, "practice makes perfect". When we want to do things like improve our memory, change our thinking habits, deal with emotions better, or get better at a hobby or work-related tasks, we have to strengthen our neural pathways, and thus it leads to us being stronger as people.
There are many ways I could use neuroplasticity for my personal benefit. I think that making use of timeboxing could help with my time organisation skills and eliminate distractions, leading to a healthy balance between studying and life and eliminating stress, and the best way to do that is by forcing myself to put it into practice every day, setting up small deadlines throughout the day. Another thing I could use it is for communication skills. I consider myself a pretty awkward person which can be pretty bad for socialising, learning and working. The obvious solution to this is by practicing talking to people more often. But I also need to become consistently being aware of how to communicate properly, and to do that I would probably need to watch a YouTube video or read an article about it, perhaps every day, to burn that memory into my head, ie. create and strengthen that pathway.
Health Transformer - Neuroscience of Behaviour Change
Positive Psychology - Neuroplasticity
Psychologist Carol Dweck talked about the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset. She referred to a fixed mindset as thinking that your abilities, talents and intelligence are fixed, meaning you need to have a certain amount of those things. In contrast, a growth mindset is that abilities, talent and intelligence is developed through persistence and hard work.
This is relevant when it comes to self-improvement. Having a fixed mindset can make one prone to feeling incompetent for not being the ideal version of themselves and in turn they refuse to put in the effort it takes to become that ideal version. A growth mindset however says that you can become that ideal version of yourself if you put in consistent effort. It also emphasises a focus on the progress involved instead -- This means celebrating each small achievement that shows an improvement of what you were before, which makes you a lot more confident about what you are now, rather than hating yourself for not yet being the perfect you.
I realised from thinking about this, that I had the growth mindset in some areas of my life, and lacked in others. A few that I had included learning and practising full stack JavaScript, weightlifting, and learning musical instruments. I found myself becoming better and better at these things due to consistent focus on progress through consistently seeking challenge, putting in hard work to improve and learning and persisting through shortcomings. However I lacked this in other areas such as communication skills, time management and opening myself up to different hobbies and habits. I think that if I start prioritising a growth mindset in those areas, and start to become aware of and ignore any 'fixed mindset' ideas, I will see much greater improvement on who I am as a person.
I will especially use this during my learning journey. Time management is obviously the biggest factor I am concerned with, so instead of just slacking off at times, I need to put in more effort into using timeboxing. If I do well, celebrate it and look forward to improving, but if not, try again, harder and smarter. In turn, better management of time will help me focus more on the quality of my work, which will improve if I also apply the same mindset.


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I didn’t even intend to do drugs that day. I had no idea, when I woke up that morning, that a visit with some close friends would turn into a nightmare by the end of the day.
A few of my friends from college were coming down to my city to hang out at the beach, where my family was staying in a vacation house for a couple weeks. They arrived around noon, and I remember running ecstatically to greet them at their car. It was a beautiful summer day in Southern California, and I figured we would all chill around the beach area, maybe go for a drive, have lunch, just talk and catch up. One of my friends, however, was tempted by the thought of Mexico being so close by. He had the idea of buying some ketamine (which is legal in Mexico) and make a huge profit selling it at raves in California. So I agree, why not, let’s go have lunch and some drinks in Tijuana, and then come back.
Among the people present that day were several compulsive drug users. These were the people with whom I’d experimented with acid, ecstasy, speed, cocaine (and of course marijuana and alcohol) during the past school year. I should have realized that going to Mexico could be dangerous (especially if drugs are involved, crossing the border and such), but my judgment was definitely lacking during the course of this whole day. Sometimes when I’m with my friends I feel invincible.
So we drive down to TJ, park and walk across the border. One of the girls goes into a pharmacy and nonchalantly asks for several vials of ketamine. The K is put into a water bottle, diluted with water to look inconspicuous. After a little shopping and looking around, we decide to have some margaritas before we go back. The girls in the group got pretty tipsy, including me (I had probably a margarita and 2 corona beers … plus the waiter was oh-so-eager to offer us some tequila shots as well).
Things seemed safe, I was having fun, when the waiter offered us some pills that he said were really good with alcohol. I had heard of people using prescription muscle relaxers and painkillers with alcohol, with pleasant effects and no problems. So I figured that these pills he was offering us were something of that sort. The guy with us who was the main ‘druggie’ of the group asked the waiter several questions before deciding that they were ok and that he would buy some for all of us. Big mistake on my part: not knowing exactly what I was taking and trusting other people to approve it (when they didn’t even know what it was either), also taking any drug with alcohol.
This started to change, however, as we walked through the turnstiles to return to the U.S. Everything looked fuzzy and I started to feel like I was losing control of my muscles. I turned to my friend walking next to me and saw her stumbling.  I felt the same way. I couldn’t explain it; I had been drunk many times before and it never felt like this. I felt like water, just flowing along, unaware of my physical motions.
After that, everything that I remember is very much a blur, though I do remember basically what happened. Somehow my friend who was driving was able to drive us to my favorite coffee shop (we got very lost getting there; this is somewhere I would go on a very regular basis). We got to the parking lot and I realized I had the water bottle with the ketamine in it.  Seeing me do that, another friend grabbed the bottle, and pretty soon we had all taken at least a sip, some of us more. After that it was all over.
Apparently I hit the parking lot ground and was lying there, incoherent, for awhile (I don’t really remember this). A few other people did the same. Two of my friends went into the coffee shop and fell down. The next thing I remember is a cop trying to talk to me; I could barely see him because my vision was almost all dark, I was crying but I don’t know what I was saying to him or what he was saying to me.
After the parking lot scene, I have a vague, one-moment memory of being in a car again (I found out later that my friend who was the driver had called a friend of his who lived in the area, to pick us up and take us back to my parents’ vacation house). The next thing I remember is boom—hitting the ground at the beach, and by the time I was able to move and get up, I realized that I had been lying there facedown on the sand for several hours.
I stumbled back to the house with the two girls who had been dropped off with me, and found that two people had gone home, and one was in jail. The pills that we had taken were Rohypnol, one of the most infamous “date rape drugs,” and I can understand now how it works for that evil purpose. We are very, very lucky that the Rohypnol didn’t really kick in until we were across the border. I can only imagine what that waiter had intended to do.
One of my friends had pocketed the extra pills after we took them, and so he was the only one with any illegal drugs found on him, thus he went to jail for the night. I was so freaked out, trying to figure out how to keep this from my parents and be able to get this guy out of jail at the same time. The guilt, the regret, and the headache were unbearable. I felt weak and shaky all day.
I was able to borrow my dad’s car and get our friend out of jail after his mother paid the bail. He seemed terrified when we picked him up. I dropped my three friends off at the train station and that was the end of our visit, which was supposed to be a regular nice sunny day with friends at the beach. Instead, we ingested an utterly stupid combination of alcohol, K, and Rohypnol, caused a lot of problems for one of our friends (he went to jail, had to go to court after that, is on probation, has to do community service and go to NA meetings, etc, while the rest of us are blame-free), and had a terrifying, traumatic experience. This was about a year ago; I haven’t been to Mexico since.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


OSSL_trace_enabled, OSSL_trace_begin, OSSL_trace_end, OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN, OSSL_TRACE_END, OSSL_TRACE_CANCEL, OSSL_TRACE, OSSL_TRACE1, OSSL_TRACE2, OSSL_TRACE3, OSSL_TRACE4, OSSL_TRACE5, OSSL_TRACE6, OSSL_TRACE7, OSSL_TRACE8, OSSL_TRACE9, OSSL_TRACEV, OSSL_TRACE_ENABLED - OpenSSL Tracing API
#include <openssl/trace.h>
int OSSL_trace_enabled(int category);
BIO *OSSL_trace_begin(int category);
void OSSL_trace_end(int category, BIO *channel);
/* trace group macros */
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(category) {
...
if (some_error) {
/* Leave trace group prematurely in case of an error */
OSSL_TRACE_CANCEL(category);
goto err;
}
...
} OSSL_TRACE_END(category);
/* one-shot trace macros */
OSSL_TRACE(category, text)
OSSL_TRACE1(category, format, arg1)
OSSL_TRACE2(category, format, arg1, arg2)
...
OSSL_TRACE9(category, format, arg1, ..., arg9)
/* check whether a trace category is enabled */
if (OSSL_TRACE_ENABLED(category)) {
...
}
The functions described here are mainly interesting for those who provide OpenSSL functionality, either in OpenSSL itself or in engine modules or similar.
If the tracing facility is enabled (see "Configure Tracing" below), these functions are used to generate free text tracing output.
The tracing output is divided into types which are enabled individually by the application. The tracing types are described in detail in "Trace types" in OSSL_trace_set_callback(3). The fallback type OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_ALL should not be used with the functions described here.
Tracing for a specific category is enabled at run-time if a so-called trace channel is attached to it. A trace channel is simply a BIO object to which the application can write its trace output.
The application has two different ways of registering a trace channel, either by directly providing a BIO object using OSSL_trace_set_channel(3), or by providing a callback routine using OSSL_trace_set_callback(3). The latter is wrapped internally by a dedicated BIO object, so for the tracing code both channel types are effectively indistinguishable. We call them a simple trace channel and a callback trace channel, respectively.
To produce trace output, it is necessary to obtain a pointer to the trace channel (i.e., the BIO object) using OSSL_trace_begin(), write to it using arbitrary BIO output routines, and finally releases the channel using OSSL_trace_end(). The OSSL_trace_begin()/OSSL_trace_end() calls surrounding the trace output create a group, which acts as a critical section (guarded by a mutex) to ensure that the trace output of different threads does not get mixed up.
The tracing code normally does not call OSSL_trace_{begin,end}() directly, but rather uses a set of convenience macros, see the "Macros" section below.
OSSL_trace_enabled() can be used to check if tracing for the given category is enabled, i.e., if the tracing facility has been statically enabled (see "Configure Tracing" below) and a trace channel has been registered using OSSL_trace_set_channel(3) or OSSL_trace_set_callback(3).
OSSL_trace_begin() is used to starts a tracing section, and get the channel for the given category in form of a BIO. This BIO can only be used for output.
OSSL_trace_end() is used to end a tracing section.
Using OSSL_trace_begin() and OSSL_trace_end() to wrap tracing sections is mandatory. The result of trying to produce tracing output outside of such sections is undefined.
There are a number of convenience macros defined, to make tracing easy and consistent.
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN() and OSSL_TRACE_END() reserve the BIO trc_out
and are used as follows to wrap a trace section:
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(TLS) {
BIO_printf(trc_out, ... );
} OSSL_TRACE_END(TLS);
This will normally expand to:
do {
BIO *trc_out = OSSL_trace_begin(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS);
if (trc_out != NULL) {
...
BIO_printf(trc_out, ...);
}
OSSL_trace_end(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS, trc_out);
} while (0);
OSSL_TRACE_CANCEL() must be used before returning from or jumping out of a trace section:
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(TLS) {
if (some_error) {
OSSL_TRACE_CANCEL(TLS);
goto err;
}
BIO_printf(trc_out, ... );
} OSSL_TRACE_END(TLS);
This will normally expand to:
do {
BIO *trc_out = OSSL_trace_begin(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS);
if (trc_out != NULL) {
if (some_error) {
OSSL_trace_end(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS, trc_out);
goto err;
}
BIO_printf(trc_out, ... );
}
OSSL_trace_end(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS, trc_out);
} while (0);
OSSL_TRACE() and OSSL_TRACE1(), OSSL_TRACE2(), ... OSSL_TRACE9() are so-called one-shot macros:
The macro call OSSL_TRACE(category, text)
, produces literal text trace output.
The macro call OSSL_TRACEn(category, format, arg1, ..., argn)
produces printf-style trace output with n format field arguments (n=1,...,9). It expands to:
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(category) {
BIO_printf(trc_out, format, arg1, ..., argN)
} OSSL_TRACE_END(category)
Internally, all one-shot macros are implemented using a generic OSSL_TRACEV() macro, since C90 does not support variadic macros. This helper macro has a rather weird synopsis and should not be used directly.
The OSSL_TRACE_ENABLED() macro can be used to conditionally execute some code only if a specific trace category is enabled. In some situations this is simpler than entering a trace section using OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN() and OSSL_TRACE_END(). For example, the code
if (OSSL_TRACE_ENABLED(TLS)) {
...
}
expands to
if (OSSL_trace_enabled(OSSL_TRACE_CATEGORY_TLS) {
...
}
If producing the trace output requires carrying out auxiliary calculations, this auxiliary code should be placed inside a conditional block which is executed only if the trace category is enabled.
The most natural way to do this is to place the code inside the trace section itself because it already introduces such a conditional block.
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(TLS) {
int var = do_some_auxiliary_calculation();
BIO_printf(trc_out, "var = %d\n", var);
} OSSL_TRACE_END(TLS);
In some cases it is more advantageous to use a simple conditional group instead of a trace section. This is the case if calculations and tracing happen in different locations of the code, or if the calculations are so time consuming that placing them inside a (critical) trace section would create too much contention.
if (OSSL_TRACE_ENABLED(TLS)) {
int var = do_some_auxiliary_calculation();
OSSL_TRACE1("var = %d\n", var);
}
Note however that premature optimization of tracing code is in general futile and it's better to keep the tracing code as simple as possible. Because most often the limiting factor for the application's speed is the time it takes to print the trace output, not to calculate it.
By default, the OpenSSL library is built with tracing disabled. To use the tracing functionality documented here, it is therefore necessary to configure and build OpenSSL with the 'enable-trace' option.
When the library is built with tracing disabled:
The macro OPENSSL_NO_TRACE is defined in <openssl/opensslconf.h>.
all functions are still present, but OSSL_trace_enabled() will always report the categories as disabled, and all other functions will do nothing.
the convenience macros are defined to produce dead code. For example, take this example from "Macros" section above:
OSSL_TRACE_BEGIN(TLS) {
if (condition) {
OSSL_TRACE_CANCEL(TLS);
goto err;
}
BIO_printf(trc_out, ... );
} OSSL_TRACE_END(TLS);
When the tracing API isn't operational, that will expand to:
do {
BIO *trc_out = NULL;
if (0) {
if (condition) {
((void)0);
goto err;
}
BIO_printf(trc_out, ... );
}
} while (0);
OSSL_trace_enabled() returns 1 if tracing for the given type is operational and enabled, otherwise 0.
OSSL_trace_begin() returns a BIO pointer if the given type is enabled, otherwise NULL.
OSSL_trace_set_channel(3), OSSL_trace_set_callback(3)
The OpenSSL Tracing API was added in OpenSSL 3.0.
Copyright 2019-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html.


|
|
OpusEncoder * | encoder |
| |
|
ogg_stream_state | oggStreamState |
| |
|
FILE * | file |
| |
|
unsigned char | scratchOutputBuffer [MAX_PACKET_SIZE] |
| |
|
int | numAccumulatedInputFrames |
| |
|
float | scratchInputBuffer [2 *FRAME_SIZE] |
| |
|
int | packetsWritten |
| |
|
ogg_packet * | oggHeaderPacket0 |
| |
|
ogg_packet * | oggHeaderPacket1 |
| |
|
int | hasWrittenHeaderPackets |
| |
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:


xEpan just not an ERP although its help you as a manager or owner, take care of small routine business tasks. It is a platform for your businees to growth in the market industry.
It provides you to web platform by launching your own created websites.
Read More


Purdue IEEE
Purdue IEEE is a student branch for IEEE, one of the largest professional organizations in the world, with 423,000 members in 160 countries.
IEEE's core purpose is to foster technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity. Here at Purdue, we are dedicated to technical and professional development in line with this purpose.
Our multidisciplinary committees do everything from creating Artificial Intelligence to building robots to professional outreach. No matter your major, we have something for everyone!
Fall 2023 Callout
Our General Callout is on Wednesday, 08/30 from 7:30 PM to 8:30 PM in BHEE 129.
| Date | Committee | Time | Location |
|---|
“Fostering technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.”
— IEEE Mission Statement
1903
Founded
10
Committees
230+
Members
$50,000
Raised Annually
At Purdue, we strive to be the best.
Whether creating drones, designing radio transmitters, or pioneering next-gen biotech, Purdue engineers excel.
Purdue IEEE (Eye-Triple-E) is no different. Founded in 1903, we are the largest technical organization with students of every academic background. Our members work on real-world problems and advance their engineering skills.
Applying academics to extracurriculars.
Purdue IEEE continually strives to further our goals of technical and professional growth.
We help our members enter their professional careers, learn engineering software and skills, and socialize with others to form lasting connections inside and outside of this organization.
Our teams apply the knowledge and create real-world, practical solutions to complex engineering projects.
Connecting industry partners to talented engineers.
Our alumni go on to utilize the skills they learn at some of the world's largest companies. We have alumni working in every sector of every industry, helping shape the future of technology.
We host regular professional networking events and company recruiting sessions - just for our members. We also host resume reviews, alumni panels, and professor talks.
With Purdue IEEE, you can learn what it takes to be successful after college, whether it be in industry or academia.
Distinguished history, brighter future.
Become a member today. Reach out to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or stop by BHEE014 with any questions.
Join IEEE


Johann Sebastian Bach: Musical Genius
- 1685: Born to Johann Ambrosius Bach and Maria Elisabeth Lammerhirt in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach, Germany
- 1694: Mother and father died
- 1700: enrolled at St. Michael's School in Lüneburg
- November 1706: Married his second cousin, Maria Barbara Bach
- Easter 1707: an early version of Christ lag in Todesbanden, one of his first cantatas, is performed
- 1714: Became Konzertmeister of the ducal court at Weimar
- 1720: His wife died suddenly
- 1721: First performance of The Brandenburg Concertos, considered to be some of the best Baroque compositions
- 1723: Appointed Cantor of St. Thomas School at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. Here he composed more than 300 cantatas, beginning with Die Elenden sollen essen, BWV 75.
- 1729: Became director of Collegium Musicum,a secular music society.
- 1733: Composed a mass for the Catholic court in Dresden
- 1747: Visited King Frederick II of Prussia in Potsdam, and composed The Musical Offering, based on a theme by Frederick.
- 1748-9: Composed Mass in B Minor, considered to be one of the greatest choral works of all time.
- 1750: Died in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
"Bach opens a vista to the universe. After experiencing him, people feel there is meaning to life after all." - Helmut Walcha


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
Page - 1 of 5 HIGH COURT OF TRIPURA AGARTALA W.A. No.30/2012 Sri Manash Mukharjee, S/o Late Santosh Kumar Mukherjee, resident of Pyari Babur Bagan, West Joynagar, Agartala, P.O. Agartala, PS - West Agartala, District - West Tripura, PIN - 799001. ---- Appellant(s). Versus 1. The State of Tripura to be represented by the Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura, New Secretariat Complex, P.O. Kunjaban, PS -West Agartala, Dist. - West Tripura, Pin - 799006. 2. The Secretary-in-charge of the Science, Technology and Environment Department of the Government of Tripura, New Secretariat Complex, P.O. Kunjaban, PS - East Agartala, Dist. - West Tripura, Pin - 799006. 3. The Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Kunjaban, P.O - Kunjaban, PS - East Agartala, District - West Tripura, Pin - 799 006. 4. The Member-Secretary, Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Kunjaban, P.O - Kunjaban, P.S - East Agartala, Dist. - West Tripura, Pin - 799006. 5. The Inquiring Authority (Special Commissioner for Departmental Inquiries), Government of Tripura, Gorkhabasti, P.O. Kunjaban, PS - East Agartala, Dist. - West Tripura, PIN - 799006. 6. Dr. Mihir Kumar Das, State Public Information Officer and Scientist -C, Tripura State Pollution Control Board, Gorkhabasti P.O - Kunjaban, P.S - East Agartala, Dist. - West Tripura, Pin - 799006. ---- Respondent(s).
For Appellant(s) : Mr. Sankar Deb, Sr. Advocate, Mr. S C Das, Advocate.
For Respondent(s) : Mr. D Sharma, Addl. Govt. Advocate, Mr. P Roy Barman, Advocate, Mr. S Bhattacharjee, Advocate.
Page - 2 of 5 HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR. AJAY RASTOGI HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ARINDAM LODH Judgment 12/6/2018 Instant writ appeal is directed against judgment & order dt.30th March, 2012 passed by the learned Single Judge in WP(C) No.140/2012.
2. The appellant at the relevant point of time was serving as Executive Engineer in the Tripura State Pollution Control Board who at present is working as Member-Secretary of the Board. For some alleged delinquency being committed by him, in discharge of his official duties, departmental proceedings were initiated against him and at one point of time, he was placed under suspension in exercise of R.10(2) of the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965.
3. The appellant-petitioner earlier challenged the order of suspension in WP(C) No.161/2011 before the ld. Single Judge of this Court and his contention was that the delinquent placed under suspension, beyond the period of 90 days has to be reviewed by a review committee to be constituted by the Authority but as there was no review of the order of suspension as envisaged under Rule 10(6) & (7) of the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965 the suspension in consequence stands automatically revoked and taking note of sub-rule (6) & (7) of Rule 10, CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965 the order of suspension came to be revoked vide judgment dt.22.12.2011.
Page - 3 of 5
4. Thereafter the appellant again approach this Court by filing WP(C) No.140/2012 assailing the disciplinary proceedings initiated under the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965, as adopted by the Board and that was summarily rejected vide judgment impugned dt.30th March, 2012.
5. What reveals to this Court is that after taking note of the disciplinary Rules 1965 order of his suspension was revoked and he has now raised objection as a defence that the Rules, 1965 are not applicable for the reason that it has not so far been approved by the Government, which is mandatory as per Sec.12(3A) of the Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, in absence thereof any further order being passed for the alleged delinquency by the disciplinary authority, on conclusion of the disciplinary proceedings, is wholly without any authority and competence needs to be interfered by this Court.
6. The learned Single Judge after taking note of the submissions made observed that at one stage the petitioner indeed invoked the provisions of the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965 for revocation of the order of suspension and since the disciplinary enquiry initiated against him under the same set of Rules 1965 is not to his convenience has taken a summersault to question the procedure which has been adopted by the respondent in conducting a disciplinary enquiry for the misconduct which he had committed in discharge of his official duties under the Rules 1965 which may not come to his rescue at this belated stage.
Page - 4 of 5
7. We also find no substance to take a contrary view than the view taken by the ld. Single Judge and further observe that Rules of 1965 lays down a procedure for holding disciplinary action against an employee who commits misconduct in discharge of his official duties and for fairness in action, private management can also adopt the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965 for the purpose of conducting disciplinary action against their employees for which no separate approval from the government or any other agency is required.
8. In the instant case, the disciplinary action was initiated against the appellant-petitioner under the CCS(CCA) Rules, 1965, which were adopted only for the purpose of affording reasonable opportunity of hearing to the delinquent at all the stages while conducting disciplinary enquiry against him and even if we find any substance in the submission made by the petitioner's counsel, at least, it can be an administrative instructions which can always be adopted by the authority in conducting disciplinary action against the employee who commits any misconduct in discharge of official duties and as long as the action initiated and conducted by the authority is in compliance with the principles of natural justice and in terms of the procedure prescribed under the Rules of 1965, we find no error in the decision making process adopted by the respondents may call for interference.
9. After having heard counsel for the appellant, we find no error in the order passed by the ld. Single Judge which may call Page - 5 of 5 for our interference. Consequently, the appeal being devoid of merit stands dismissed. No costs.
JUDGE CHIEF JUSTICE Certificate :- All corrections made in the judgment/order have been incorporated in the judgment/order. Sukhendu


public class CommandExecutor implements ICommandExecutor
The default implementation of interface ICommandExecutor
. Executes a specified command by running the
interface ICommandExecutable
method.
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
CommandExecutor()
The default implementation of
interface ICommandExecutor . Executes a specified command by running the
interface ICommandExecutable method. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
checkOtherSettings(ICommand<?> command,
CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
An extra method that can be used in other implementations to check whether it is valid to execute the command.
Akin to a "permission" check.
|
<T> CommandResult<T> |
execute(ICommand<?> command,
CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
Executes the command with the provided command
class CommandContext and any optional data. |
<T> T |
executeCommand(ICommand<?> command,
CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
Runs the command's execution method defined by its
interface ICommandExecutable . |
void |
onCommandExecute(CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when a command is successfully executed. By default, this simply logs the command being executed.
|
void |
onCommandExecuteDisabled(CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when an attempt to execute a disabled command was made. By default, this simply logs the attempt.
|
void |
onCommandExecuteSkipped(CommandContext context,
java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when a parent command to execute was skipped directly to the subcommand.
By default, this simply logs the parent command that was skipped.
|
execute, onCommandExecute, onCommandExecuteDisabled, onCommandExecuteSkipped
public CommandExecutor()
The default implementation of interface ICommandExecutor
. Executes a specified command by running the
interface ICommandExecutable
method.
public <T> CommandResult<T> execute(ICommand<?> command, CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
Executes the command with the provided command class CommandContext
and any optional data.
command
- The command to execute.context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any, which can be useful in specific implementations when a command requires
more than just context for execution.class CommandResult
The result after command execution.class CommandContext
public <T> T executeCommand(ICommand<?> command, CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
Runs the command's execution method defined by its interface ICommandExecutable
.
Because the command in the parameter can have a method return of any generic type, we require an unchecked cast to convert from a wildcard to specific type T. We operate under assumption that the user knows what they are doing and that the command should have a specific return type of type T.
command
- The command to execute.context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any, which can be useful in specific implementations when a command requires
more than just context for execution.interface ICommandExecutable
public boolean checkOtherSettings(ICommand<?> command, CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
An extra method that can be used in other implementations to check whether it is valid to execute the command. Akin to a "permission" check.
command
- The command to execute.context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any, which can be useful in specific implementations when a command requires
more than just context for execution.public void onCommandExecute(CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when a command is successfully executed. By default, this simply logs the command being executed.
context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any (any object)public void onCommandExecuteDisabled(CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when an attempt to execute a disabled command was made. By default, this simply logs the attempt.
context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any (any object)public void onCommandExecuteSkipped(CommandContext context, java.lang.Object opt)
Method executed when a parent command to execute was skipped directly to the subcommand. By default, this simply logs the parent command that was skipped.
context
- The context of the command, containing the calling alias and any args it may have.opt
- A nullable vararg of Any (any object)


About Lyricus Editing lyrics Batch download of lyrics Reverse lyric search Preferences Menu item reference


WITNESS LIST Energy Resources Committee March 16, 1999-9:00A HB 1911 For: Hedges, Charles (Fasken Land and Minerals, Ltd.)


Find out about your boy!
Here are the answers:
Do I like to wear sweaters?
Yes.
Do I like to watch football?
No.
Do I like to #netflixnchill?
No.
Am I hungry?
Yes.
Do I think you think web development is super special?
Yes.


LXSESSION(1) http://LXDE.org LXSESSION(1) NAME lxsession - a lightweight X session manager SYNOPSIS lxsession DESCRIPTION This manual page documents briefly the lxsession command. lxsession is a program that provides a X11 session manager. It is the default X11 session manager of LXDE. A session manager is used to automatically start a set of applications and set up a working desktop environment. Moreover, when the user logout, it remembers the applications in use, and restart them the next time you login. SEE ALSO lxpanel (1), lxsession-logout(1). AUTHOR This manual page was written by paulliu<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the Debian system (but may be used by others). Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Version 2 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public License can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL. AUTHOR Ying-Chun Liu Author. COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2008 paulliu http://LXDE.org March 2, 2008 LXSESSION(1)


For the purposes of the mathematical study of games, known as game theory, a game is a competitive situation where:
There are a finite number of players;
Each player has a finite number of choices of what to do at each stage;
A player does not know in advance what the other players are going to do;
At the end of the game, the players win or lose something, depending on the outcome of the game.


Welcome to the Organicity technical documentation. This web site will provide you detailed information about the services and tools provided by the Organicity EaaS (Experimentation as a Service) facility.
Overview of the technical environment
Architecture
As it can be seen in the following figure, three different tiers can be distinguished within the OC facility architecture:
Figure 1. OrganiCity facility high level architecture
- OC Experimentation tier The OrganiCity Experimentation tier consists of various components (APIs, services and tools) that enable and facilitate building applications and services for experimenters. If you are an experimenter, you will interact with Organicity through the APIs, services and tools of this layer.
- OC Platform tier It embraces the core of the technical facility. Among others, this layer implements data storage, accounting and security. Besides, this layer interacts with the other through APIs.
- OC Site tier It consists of a number of distributed storing entities, the so called OC sites. Among these sites, we can differentiate sites that belong to the Organicity infraestructure (providers and experimenters), and those provided by cities federating data into Organicity. If you are an experimenter, the interaction with the sites will to totally transparent, so that you will only rely on the components at the experimentation tier. If you want to become a new Organcity, this is the entry point for your federation, as will be commented later
Accounts and registration
To ensure that all interactions with and within the facility are authenticated with valid user credentials and access rights, Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) mechanisms have been implemented. Users will be enforced to use their own credentials to interact with the different APIs, services and tools. To start experimenting on top of the OC facility, the experimenters are encouraged to register themselves in the platform.
Once experimenters get registered within the platform, they will be assigned with the OC user role. The OC facility managers will assign the experimenters the OC experimenter role upon the acceptation of the corresponding request. To this end, you should send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>indicating the mail that you have been registered with and the experiment that you belong to.
Likewise, if you are federating a new Organicity (namely a new OC site), you will also have to contact the OC facility managers to obtanin permissions to manage your site. Again, you should send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>indicating the mail that you have been registered with and the OC site you are federating.
APIs
In general, the interaction with the whole technical environment is performed by using the a number of APIs aiming different purposes.
- Asset Discovery It facilitates exploration and inspection of available assets. In order to use this API and integrate it in your applications, take a look to the Asset Discovery API and the Asset Discovery Service.
- Asset Annotation As you create assets, you might want to annotate them with meaningful tags. The Annotaions API will allow you to do so.
- Permissions As mentioned before, the interactions with Organicity are required to be safe. Use the Permissions API in you applications and devices to interact with Organicity in a safe way.
- Datasource While experimenting you can require that Organicity stores some of the information you are generating to et historical values of it, send en email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for more information. Once the data is recorded, you can use the Datasource API to retrieve it.
In general the interaction with the different APIs will require authentication, what is perfomed by sending appropriate access tokens. Under the Tutorials tab you will find insightful explanations about how to obtain and work with these tokens: How To Access Token, How To Refresh A Token and How To Authenticate A User.
In order to test the different APIs, you may find the Tester API Application useful.
Services
Living on top of the APIs, a number of services will help you during your interaction with the facility, either if you are an experimenter or manager of an Organicity. You can find them under the Services tab:
- Urban Data Observatory - UDO The UDO provides a UI that allows experimeters and users in general to develop a deeper understanding of the federated city data sources that can be used in your experiments. It makes use of the Asset Discovery API enabling graphical search and exploration. Go to the Urban Data Observatory to see what it offers.
-
Data Annotation services These services simplify the process of creating meaningful knowledge from urban data assets by annotating them. Find more about Asset Annotations in the Services tabs. Besides you may find practice information about how to use it in the Tutorials: How To Create Annotation Tags, How To Annotate An Assets and How To Annotate An Asset Using Machine Larning
-
Experimenter Portal It is the entry to start the experimentation. From this portal, experimenters will be able to manage their experiments and to start interacting with other services. Go to the Experimenter Portal to see more.
-
Community Management This potal will allow to find people within the Organicity community according to their preferences and characteristics. Then you will be able to contact them to participate in your experiments, find in the Community Management more information and how it interacts with the Experimenter Portal.
-
Facility Manager Through this portal you will be able to manage advances features of the Organicity facility. It is not intended for experimenters, but if you are managing a new city, you will need the Facility Manager
Tools
Organicity tools are a set of developments aiming to cover experimentation needs from different perspectives. In this sense, while the Organicity facility is aiming general purpose, the tools are devoted to rather specific needs. You can find them under Tools tab:
- Scenarios This portal allows citizens to create, discuss and evaluate solutions for the city. See more...
- TSmarT It is a modular wireless communications platform designed to facilitate the development and implementation of M2M, monitoring and remote control applications in different markets. TSmarT devices are integrated with OrganiCity facility and therefore able to feed data to the OC platform, connecting them to the OC experimenters site. See more...
- TinkerSpace Toolkit for creating mobile services - Apps - without the need for extensive software training or experience. Tinkerspace builds on the idea of Component-based software engineering and Visual programming, with LEGO™ as an inspiration – it should be as easy to build a mobile app as to build a LEGO™ model. See more...
- Smartphone experimentation framework It is a complementary framework that facilitates experimenter to gather and process data from the sensors and communication interfaces of the smartphones of volunteers and use them to run experiments. See more...
- SensiNact aims at helping coders working with data streams from deployed data assets without the need to learn about the Organicity APIs. By using it, experimenters can interact with information of different data assets available in the different clusters, as well as within the scope of their experiments, and understand the data streams that they provide. The SensiNact IDE allows the creation of applications using a scripting tool (with Code Assist functionality). See more...
- Web socket processing library This library enables experimenters who have skills in the Processing programming language to easily connect to data streams from IoT devices in the OrganiCity facility. They may then actuate events in real-time as part of their Processing sketches. See more...
Data assets
Urban data, embracing from IoT devices to social events, are modeled inside Organicity as assets. In order to cover a large range of different urban data, OC assets are defined in a generic way following NGSI9/10 specification. Either if you are an experiment or want to federate data into he facility as a new Organicity, you will have to model your resources as assets. Here you will find a thorough description of the data model along with meaningful examples that will help you to model your data.
Currently there are federated assets from the city sites: Aarhus (Denmark), London (UK) and Santander (Spain) ( More details)
If you are an experimenter, you will have to knwo how to manage your assets. Go to the Tutorials to learn: How To Push An Asset To The Experimenters Site and How To Update And Delete An Asset.
If you are managing a new city the tutorial How To Oc Site explains the steps to get your data federated into Organicity.
Experimentation overview
In order to avoid getting lost among the different APIs, services and tools, here we present minimal guidelines to follow to start the experiment:
- Go to the Experimenter Portal and create one experiment and one applications as indicated in the documentation. As you will see, the portal offers more functionalities and interactions with other services, we encourage you to check them.
- Once you have an experiment, it is time to generate urban data by creating assets. This can be done directly through the portal in a graphical way, but in general you will prefer to do it programatically. To do so, go to How To Push An Asset To The Experimenter Site and follow the instrauctions therein. If properly generated, you will be able to see your assets in the Urban Data Observatory
- During your experiment your applications may require retrieving data assets, either created by your experiment of other urban data available. Use the Asset Discovery API and the Asset Discovery Service to build your application.
- Besides, you can enrich the information of your assets by using the Annotation Service or modify your assets as described in How To Update And Delete An Asset
Apart from these steps, you can find much more in the Tutorials and use the Tools for tailored solutions.
New Organicities (OC sites)
If you are going to federate a new OC site, you should follow the intructions provided in How To Oc Site. It is worth highlighting that you need to host a server (your OC site) that will feed data into the Organicity facility core.
Site managers will be given special rights to manage their sites and data for different urban services within their sites. This will be done through the Facility Manager.
Support
For resolving technical questions, reporting specific issues/bugs and discussion possible extensions in the APIs, services and tools of Organicity, you have different alternatives:
- Generic questions. Use the Public Forum for generic questions.
- Generic issues. If you find a generic issue, you can report it and keep track at organicityeu.github.io/issues
- Specific issues related to a particular tool. Browse the various repositories at https://github.com/OrganicityEu/ and then report the issue in the proper one.


Welcome to SPDR® ETFs
Your connection to exchange traded funds from State Street Global Advisors.
About SPDR® ETFs
ETFs provide investors with the flexibility to select investments that are precisely aligned to their investment strategy. As an industry pioneer, State Street Global Advisors created the first US listed ETF in 1993. Since then, each new member of the SPDR ETF family has been built to reflect our intimate knowledge of the ETF market.
We believe ETFs are about finding simple solutions to help meet investors' needs. Our ETFs seek to provide a transparent way to access specific market segments.
About State Street Global Advisors
For nearly four decades, State Street Global Advisors has been committed to helping financial professionals and those who rely on them achieve their investment objectives. We partner with many of the world's largest, most sophisticated investors and financial intermediaries to help investors reach their goals through a rigorous, research-driven investment process spanning both indexing and active disciplines. With trillions* in assets under management, our scale and global reach offer clients access to markets, geographies and asset classes, and allow us to deliver thoughtful insights and innovative solutions.
State Street Global Advisors is the investment management arm of State Street Corporation.
*Assets under management were $2.56 trillion as of March 31, 2017. AUM reflects approx. $3.33 billion (as March 31, 2017) with respect to which State Street Global Advisors Fund Distributors ("SSGA FD"; U.S. Fund Distributor) serves as marketing agent; SSGA FD and State Street Global Advisors are affiliated.
What are ETFs?
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are transparent, predominantly passive products that trade on an exchange. They can be a useful portfolio diversification tool and allow both large and small investors alike to gain exposures to broad or niche segments of the market and at a relatively low cost.
An ETF is comprised of a collection, or 'basket', of securities that seek to track the performance of a broad or a specific segment of the market. ETFs combine the features of index mutual funds with individual securities.
Like a fund
Like index mutual funds, ETFs allow investors to gain exposure to hundreds of domestic and international indexes. And like most indexed mutual funds, they can offer:
- Transparency
- Relatively lower expenses 1
- Diversification, through holding a basket of securities
- Tax efficiency 2
Like a stock
Like individual stocks, ETFs:
- Can offer intraday trading capabilities 3
- Are available in multiple currencies
- Are able to be listed across multiple exchanges
1. Frequent trading of an ETF can significantly increase commissions and other costs such that they may offset any savings from low fees or costs.
2. Passive management and the creation/redemption process can help minimize capital gains distributions.
3. There can be no assurance a liquid market will be maintained for ETF shares.