Created by Thomas `tomatao` Hudspith-Tatham /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Oh and also…
Working with a sample App
var i = 1;
// some code
i = i + ""; // oops!
// some more code
i + 1; // evaluates to the String '11'
i - 1; // evaluates to the Number 0
0.1 - 0.3; // evaluates to -0.19999999999999998
NaN == NaN; // evaluates to false
// etc... with sprinkles of media devices and browsers
Recently released: Angular v2 TodoMVC it's in alpha
(Not to mention ES6)
Yes... they do
“ Programming is the art of doing one thing at a time. ”
- Michael C. Feathers, Working Effectively with Legacy Code
“ Simplicity is prerequisite for reliability. ”
- Edsger W. Dijkstra, some book?
hold on a minute... JavaScript was a problem!?
Same old ideas…
Is this all a bit too general?…
Why?
// magic, do not touch.
| Scope | Goal |
|---|---|
| Individual Files | Simple and Small |
| Whole Code Base | Manageable |
| The Application | Resilient and Fun |
| Integration | Configurable |
| Features | Modular |
By products of these:
Make migration easier
It doesn't matter ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
“ Without requirements or design, programming is the art of adding bugs to an empty text file. ”
- Louis Srygley - Application Architect UPS
No layering strategy
Works for a while - then you realise it's too big to change and doesn't work
Prevention is better than solution!
What happens on boot?
Difficult to test
Debugging just to understand logic!
Sharing state between controllers?
Need to duplicate state!
“ Walking on water and developing software from a specification are easy if both are frozen. ”
- Edward Berard, The Object Agency, Inc
Focus on the requirements
Actions, aka Interactions, Controls, Service Layer or Use Cases
“ Routing for JavaScript Applications is like a party at the bottom. ”Eh?
- Thomas `tomatao` Hudspith-Tatham, Just Now
Cool benefit from being simple and modular
Show me an example!
angular.module('routes')
.constant('addCourseView', {
controller: 'addCourseCtrl',
controllerAs: 'aC',
})
.controller('addCourseCtrl', function(Course, addCourse, closeModal) {
var vm = this;
vm.course = Course.get();
vm.addModalId = 'create-course-modal';
vm.modalAction = function modalAction() {
return addCourse()
.then(function() {
closeModal(vm.addModalId);
});
};
});
Folder names that reflect the route
Decouple routes from URIs
angular.module('routes').config(function(){
$stateProvider
.state('manageLayout', {
abstract: true,
templateUrl: ROUTESURL + 'manage/manage.tmpl.html',
controllerAs: 'manage',
controller: 'manageCtrl',
resolve: {
weekResolve: 'appResolve'
}
})
.state('courses', {
url: URLMAP.courses,
parent: 'manageLayout',
views: {
addCourse: angular.extend(addCourseView, {
templateUrl: ROUTESURL + 'manage/add-course.tmpl.html',
}),
anotherView: ...
}
})
});
Just one URL per file with multiple smaller controllers
One route per file! (long lived app with moving parts!)
Resolve blocks (explicit dependencies with perks) for named routes!
Small files!
Seriously one file per route
Self contained features
Nice to have semantic business logic that delegates
So use layers inside modules too!
“ The goal for our software architecture is to provide the key mechanisms that are required to implement a wide variety of cross-layer adaptations described by our taxonomy. ”
- Soon Hyeok Choi (2008), A Software Architecture for Cross-layer Wireless Networks
But what about global states and actions? User store, notifications services and Session storage!?
…special module!
Same as others - but shared!
Other modules can depend on it
If the others are using it, does that mean it is it's own layer?...Yes!
“ You could probably write an entire book on why global state is bad. ”
- Stack overflow - Top answer to some question
.factory('Model', function(){
function Model(){
this.data = {};
}
Model.prototype.set = function(modelData, value){
if (typeof modelData == "string")
this.data[modelData] = value;
else
angular.extend(this.data, modelData);
};
Model.prototype.get = function(prop) {
if (prop == null) return this.data;
return this.data[prop];
};
Model.prototype.reset = function() {
// keep reference but clear all properties
for (var member in this.data) delete this.data[member];
};
return Model;
});
describe('Model', function () {
var modelData = { id: 123, name: 'TEST001' };
beforeEach( module("models") );
it('should start empty', inject(function(Model) {
expect(Model.get()).toEqual({});
}));
it('should get the updated object', inject(function(Model) {
var m = Model.get();
m.id = 'newIdValue';
expect(Model.get()).toBe(m);
}));
it('should provide a set method', inject(function (Model) {
Model.set(modelData);
expect(Model.get()).toEqual(modelData);
}));
});
I find AngularStrap to be really good
Components don't touch state!
Make the most of isolated scope and attributes
.factory('notify', function(Notifications, uuid) {
// types: success, info, warning, danger
return function notify(type, message){
// add to stack, stack pops itself after time
// notifications component will listen to stack and display
Notifications.push({
id: uuid(),
type: type || 'info',
message: message,
});
};
})
`Notifications` extends the Base Collection
Using a uuid helper service
.factory('extendPrototype', function(){
return function(protoProps, staticProps) {
var parent = this,
child;
if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
child = protoProps.constructor;
} else {
child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
}
_.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
child.prototype = new Surrogate();
if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
return child;
};
});
High level abstractions for a single entry point
Good for transactions or persistence layers
I like to make multiple abstractions around these for store specific gateways
IDB gateway for a `Courses` persistence layer
angular.module('indexeddbGateways')
.factory('indexeddbCoursesGateway', function( $q, idbGateway ){
var coursesPromise = idbGateway('Courses');
return {
save: function(course){
var d = $q.defer();
course = angular.copy(course);
coursesPromise.then(function(store){
store.put( course, function success(id){
d.resolve(angular.extend(course, { id: id }));
});
});
return d.promise;
},
getAll: function(){
var d = $q.defer();
coursesPromise.then(function(store){
store.getAll(function success(courseList){
d.resolve(courseList);
});
});
return d.promise;
}
};
});
The idbGateway connects Tables (Stores), and returns a promise that resolves the said store - then we can `put`, `getAll`, etc…
They have the same layers as core.
You might want to nest modules too.
Name modules by their feature
REMEMBER NOT TO DEPEND ON OTHER MODULES!
Not truly hierarchical - you can accidentally inject from another's dependencies :/
Mismatch with AMD and CJS11 - they're upside-down
They don't load any files
$scope
)$scope
$scope
is just for controllers$scope
can reference states, not own them$scope
$watch
, $apply
and $observe
Directives
)
angular.module('courseManager')
.factory('CourseList', function(BaseCollection) {
var CourseList = BaseCollection.extend({
addStudent: function(courseId) {
var course = this.get(courseId);
course.studentCount = (course.studentCount != null)
? course.studentCount + 1 : 1;
}
});
return new CourseList();
});
Using the said Core Module's extend prototype service
Adding specific methods for this store
Uses new
to work with singleton in an Angular style
angular.module('course-manager')
.factory('addCourse', function(
$interpolate,
coursesGateway,
CourseList,
notify
){
var msgExp = $interpolate(
'Success! Course {{ name }} saved!');
return function addCourse(course){
return coursesGateway.save(Course.get())
.then(function(savedCourse){
notify('success', msgExp({ name: savedCourse.name }));
CourseList.add(savedCourse);
});
};
});
The coursesGateway also returns a promise
Angular interpolate for template strings
Using the notification service from core
Finally mutating the CourseList state and resetting the Course state
They live inside routes where the party happens, not inside modules
Depend on modules and map their states onto views
Use module actions when users do stuff
“ Angular JS Controllers should be treated more like little kittens than donkeys ”
- Thomas `tomatao` Hudspith-Tatham, Just now
Poor donkeys :(
Depends on the configuration
Doesn't really do much, just loads the other layers!
Top of the pile!
Anything can depend on it
DEV:true
Track by
is pretty whiz!$apply
is so rare!
$compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(ENV.DEV);
$httpProvider.useApplyAsync(!ENV.DEV);
One more thing...
One more thing...
_.clone
to tame objectsOne more thing...
One more thing...
Let's dive into the workshop project you'll be working with!
One more thing...


| Name | Message | Delete | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delete |
These waves are looking pretty good today! #surfsup
Another day at the office... #workinghardorhardlyworking
It's hot, and I might be lost... #desert #water #anyonehavesomewater #noreally #thirsty #dehydration
| services id | team code | Approve |
|---|


--- title: Detection of Sample Symmetry sidebar: documentation_sidebar permalink: DetectionOfSampleSymmetry.html folder: documentation toc: false ---
We start by modeling a orthotropic ODF with cubic crystal symmetry.
{% highlight matlab %} CS = crystalSymmetry('cubic'); SS = specimenSymmetry('222'); % some component center ori = [orientation.byEuler(135*degree,45*degree,120*degree,CS,SS) ... orientation.byEuler( 60*degree, 54.73*degree, 45*degree,CS,SS) ... orientation.byEuler(70*degree,90*degree,45*degree,CS,SS)... orientation.byEuler(0*degree,0*degree,0*degree,CS,SS)]; % with corresponding weights c = [.4,.13,.4,.07]; % the model odf odf = unimodalODF(ori(:),'weights',c,'halfwidth',12*degree) % lets plot some pole figures h = [Miller(1,1,1,CS),Miller(2,0,0,CS),Miller(2,2,0,CS)]; plotPDF(odf,h,'antipodal','silent','complete') {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} odf = SO3FunRBF (m-3m → xyz (222)) multimodal components kernel: de la Vallee Poussin, halfwidth 12° center: 4 orientations Bunge Euler angles in degree phi1 Phi phi2 weight 135 45 120 0.4 60 54.73 45 0.13 70 90 45 0.4 0 0 0 0.07 {% endhighlight %}Next we simulated some EBSD data, rotate them and estimate an ODF from the individual orientations.
{% highlight matlab %} % define a sample rotation %rot = rotation.byEuler(0*degree,0*degree,1*degree); rot = rotation.byEuler(15*degree,12*degree,-5*degree); % Simulate individual orientations and rotate them. % Note that we loose the sample symmetry by rotating the orientations ori = rot * discreteSample(odf,1000) % estimate an ODF from the individual orientations odf_est = calcDensity(ori,'halfwidth',10*degree) % and visualize it plotPDF(odf_est,h,'antipodal',8,'silent'); {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} ori = orientation (m-3m → xyz (222)) size: 1 x 1000 odf_est = SO3FunHarmonic (m-3m → xyz (222)) isReal: true bandwidth: 25 weight: 1 {% endhighlight %}We observe that the reconstructed ODF has almost orthotropic symmetry, but with respect to axes different from x, y, z. With the command centerSpecimen
we can determine an rotation such that the rotated ODF has almost orthotropic symmetry with respect to x, y, z. The second argument is some starting direction where MTEX looks for a symmetry axis.
In the next example we apply the function centerSpecimen
to an ODF estimated from pole figure data. Lets start by importing them
In a second step we compute an ODF from the pole figure data
{% highlight matlab %} odf = calcODF(pf,'silent') plotPDF(odf,h,'antipodal','silent') {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} odf = SO3FunRBF (m-3m → xyz) multimodal components kernel: de la Vallee Poussin, halfwidth 5° center: 4958 orientations, resolution: 5° weight: 1 {% endhighlight %}Finally, we detect the orthotropic symmetry axes a1, a2, a3 by
{% highlight matlab %} [~,~,a1,a2] = centerSpecimen(odf,yvector,'Fourier') a3 = cross(a1,a2) annotate([a1,a2,a3],'label',{'RD','TD','ND'},'backgroundcolor','w','MarkerSize',8) {% endhighlight %} {% highlight plaintext %} a1 = vector3d a2 = vector3d a3 = vector3d {% endhighlight %}


| 040:008 Khan | : |
"Our Lord! And make them enter the 'Adn (Eden) Paradise (everlasting Gardens) which you have promised them, and to the righteous among their fathers, their wives, and their offspring! Verily, You are the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. |
| 040:008 Maulana | : |
Our Lord, make them enter the Gardens of perpetuity, which Thou hast promised them and such of their fathers and their wives and their offspring as are good. Surely Thou art the Mighty, the Wise: |
| 040:008 Pickthal | : |
Our Lord! And make them enter the Gardens of Eden which thou hast promised them, with such of their fathers and their wives and their descendants as do right. Lo! Thou, only Thou, art the Mighty, the Wise. |
| 040:008 Rashad | : |
"Our Lord, and admit them into the gardens of Eden that You promised for them and for the righteous among their parents, spouses, and children. You are the Almighty, Most Wise. |
| 040:008 Sarwar | : |
Lord, admit them and their fathers, spouses, and offspring who have reformed themselves to the gardens of Eden which You have promised them. You are Majestic and All-wise. |
| 040:008 Shakir | : |
Our Lord! and make them enter the gardens of perpetuity which Thou hast promised to them and those who do good of their fathers and their wives and their offspring, surely Thou are the Mighty, the Wise. |
| 040:008 Sherali | : |
'Our Lord, make them enter the Gardens of Eternity which Thou hast promised them, as well as such of their fathers and their wives and their children as are virtuous. Surely, Thou art the Mighty, the Wise; |
| 040:008 Yusufali | : |
"And grant, our Lord! that they enter the Gardens of Eternity, which Thou hast promised to them, and to the righteous among their fathers, their wives, and their posterity! For Thou art (He), the Exalted in Might, Full of Wisdom. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > الصلاة > الدعاء > المأثور من الدعاء Pillars of Islam> The Prayers>The Invocation> What is said Concerning Invocation الإيمان > الغيب > الجنة > أسماءالجنة > جنات عدن Faith> The Unseen World> The Paradise> Paradise Names> Adn Paradise الإيمان > المؤمنون > ما أعده الله لهم Faith> The Believers> What has Allah Prepared for them الإيمان > المؤمنون > وعده إياهم Faith> The Believers> His Promise to them
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


QIIME 2 documentation¶
This site is the official source of information on QIIME™ 2, including installation instructions, tutorials, and other documentation. Visit http://qiime.org for information on QIIME™ 1.
Note
QIIME 2 is in its alpha release phase. Since it is alpha software, it is not necessarily stable or complete. Commands, functionality, interfaces, and documentation will change as the software reaches beta status. QIIME 1 is still the recommended platform for microbiome analyses as it is relatively stable, feature-complete, and supports high-performance computing environments. QIIME 1 will continue to be supported through the end of 2017 to allow QIIME 2 to stabilize and users to transition to using this new software. Please give QIIME 2 a try and let us know how it can be improved by creating an issue on our issue tracker.
Table of contents¶
Ported Wiki documentation¶
The following pages were ported from our pre-release Wiki. The information on these pages may be out of date, and the links to these pages should not be considered stable. As we update these pages we’ll remove them from this section and integrate them into the site.


Hi, I am Nafiz. I'm 11 years old. In this website I review all the games I've played so far and all the games I'll play in future. Thanks for supporting me throughout the journey.
This is Ghost of tsushima, one of my favorite game. It's a ps4 exclusive and you have to pay $60 to play it. It's a game about a samurai who fights the mongols when they attacked tsushima island.
Minecraft is also one of my favorite game. It's a all platform game with various types of gameplay. Everyone can enjoy this open world game. And It's cheap too.
Among us went viral at 2020. This $3 game has over millions of active players. It's a really fun game you can play with your friends right now in all kind of devices
My all time favorite game is GTA V. Rockstar who made games like gta sa, gta vice city, red dead redemption made this game. This is an open world game with all types of functionality. It's a absolute masterpiece and I like this game very much.


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Obtain the list of permissions for the current session.
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UNIX and Linux¶
What is UNIX?¶
UNIX is a machine-independent operating system (OS) developed in the 1970s by AT&T programmers (notably Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, fathers of C
) for programmers (you!). It is multi-user and network-oriented by design, uses plain text files for storing data (no proprietary file formats), and has a strictly hierarchical directory structure (more on this below). This makes it an ideal environment for developing your code and storing your data.
Linux and Mac OS are Unix-like (or UN*X or *nix) operating systems that have evolved from UNIX. Ubuntu is a Linux distribution.
Why UNIX?¶
Here are some good reasons:
It was designed for developing code and storing data – an ideal native habitat for programming languages like Python and R!
Robust, stable, secure (very few UNIX viruses and malware – I am yet to encounter one after almost 10 years!)
Free and open source!
Scores of small programs available to perform simple tasks – can be combined easily
Easy to automate tasks (e.g., using shell scripts)
Multi-user (multiple users can log in and concurrently use computer)
Multi-tasking (can perform many tasks at the same time)
Network-ready (easy to communicate between computers)
UNIX has been around since the early 1970’s and will likely be around at the end of your career (the hard work you are putting into learning UNIX will pay off over a lifetime!)
Amazing support – a large body of tutorials and support web sites are readily available online.
Basically all resources for High-Performance Computing (computer clusters, large workstations, etc.) run a UNIX or Linux operating system.
If you still need convincing, see this (I would have chosen a more subtle domain name though!) to aid your brain-washing (cleaning?). Also, if you like history, see this.
32-bit vs 64-bit: The terms 32-bit and 64-bit refer to the way a computer’s processor (also called a CPU), handles information. A 64-bit OS handles large amounts of random access memory (RAM) more effectively than a 32-bit system. Specifically, while 32 bits of information can only access 4 GB of RAM, a 64-bit machine can access essentially unlimited system memory (though this is not yet physically possible)! The combination of your operating system, and processor bit count is often called the “Platform”.
UNIX directory structure¶
The UNIX directory (same as “Folder”) structure is hierarchical, with a single tree starting from the “root” /
. This is quite unlike Windows or MS-DOS, where there are separate trees for disk partitions, removable media, network, etc. The key UNIX directories are:
Directory |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Is the “root” directory |
|
Contains basic programs |
|
Contains configuration files |
|
Contains files connecting to devices (keyboard, mouse, screen, etc.) |
|
Your home directory; this is where all your documents are and where you will usually work |
|
Contains temporary files |
This hierarchical directory structure makes navigating your computer from the terminal/shell (coming up next!) or encoding this navigation in your computer programs easier.
Meet the UNIX shell¶
The shell (or terminal) is a text command processor to interface with the Operating System’s “kernel”. We will use the popular (yes, it’s popular!) bash
shell.
\(\star\) To launch a bash
shell, do Ctrl + Alt + t
(or use Meta
key) – try it now. (On Mac: Cmd+Space
to open spotlight search, and type “terminal” and hit return)
OK, so you have met the shell. Isn’t it lovely? Note that:
The shell automatically starts in your home directory
/home/yourname/
, also called~
(important to remember!)Use the
Tab
key – very handy (tryls
with a doubleTab
Tab
).You can navigate commands you previously typed using the up/down arrows
Using the
tab
key in terminal: Don’t forget to use thetab
key in the terminal. It aut-ocompletes directory/file names for you (same inR
andPython
, and/or provides a list of files in the current directory (hittab
twice after certain commands. For example, try double tab after typingls
at the bash prompt.)
Other useful keyboard shortcuts are:
Command |
What it means |
|---|---|
|
Go to the beginning of the line |
|
Go to the end of the line |
|
Clear the screen |
|
Clear the line before cursor position |
|
Clear the line after the cursor |
|
Kill whatever you are running |
|
Exit (close) the current shell |
|
Move cursor forward one whole word |
|
Move cursor backward one whole word |
Installing or removing software¶
You can install software in your /home
directory. In UNIX you originally had to login as root
(administrator). But in Ubuntu, it is sufficient to add sudo
(s
uper u
ser do
) in front of a command.
Installing from main repositories¶
You can install anything that is in the main Ubuntu package/software “repository”.
★ For example, try installing R, which is in the main Ubuntu repository:
sudo apt install r-base
This will prompt you for your password.
Installing from other repositories¶
Let’s try installing something that isn’t in the main repository – a weather indicator. For this, you first have to add the repository:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:atareao/atareao
This will ask you to first approve the addition of this repository. This is because this is a PPA (Personal Package Archive) from a third party. Then you need to update your repository package list:
sudo apt-get update
And then install,
sudo apt-get install my-weather-indicator
You can also easily remove software by, well, using the remove
command! You will find that the list of UNIX commands are quite exhaustive, and their names quite intuitive, as they should be. If you think a certain command with a certain name should exist, it very often does!
★ Try removing the totem video player and installing the more versatile VLC player instead:
sudo apt remove totem
and then,
sudo apt install vlc
Ubuntu repositories: Official Repositories are defined in
/etc/apt/sources.list
. You can enable or disable individual repositories by editing that file.
Installing from a downloaded *.deb
file¶
You can also install software from third-party sources by downloading an installable package archive. Such archives come with a *.deb
extension.
For example, you can install Visual Studio Code this way. Let’s try it.
★ First download and install the .deb package (64-bit) from their website (google it!). This will save it to your Downloads
directory.Then cd
to its location:
cd ~/Downloads
``
cd ~/Downloads
This is same as typing cd /home/<YourUserName>/Downloads
. Then, you can install using:
sudo dpkg -i <file>.deb # de-package it
sudo apt-get install -f # install dependencies
bash: file: No such file or directory
Installing the .deb
package will automatically install the apt repository and authorize it. That means henceforth, code
will automatically auto-update during the regular system updates.
Basic UNIX commands¶
Here are some basic commands, many of which you will use frequently.
Command |
What it does |
|---|---|
|
Show help page of a command. |
|
Display your user-name. |
|
Show the current directory. |
|
List the files in the directory. |
|
Change directory. |
|
Move one directory up. |
|
Go to the root directory. |
|
Go to the home directory. |
|
Copy a file, or a directory non-recursively (what’s this? Google it!). |
|
Copy a directory recursively (what’s this? Google it!). |
|
Move or rename a file or directory. |
|
Create an empty file. |
|
Print a string (in this example, “My string”). |
|
Remove a file or directory non-recursively. |
|
Remove a directory recursively. |
|
Count the number of lines and words in a file. |
|
Sort the lines of a file and print result. |
|
Shows only unique elements of a list. |
|
Print the file on the screen. |
|
Progressively print a file on the screen (“q” to exit). |
|
Print the first few lines of a file. |
|
Print the last few lines of a file. |
|
Show the last commands you typed. |
|
Print current date. |
|
Determine the type of a file. |
|
Change user password. |
|
Change file permissions. |
Building your coursework directory structure¶
It is time to start building your CMEE coursework directory structure. Please follow these rules:
Do all your work in a single directory with the abbreviation of your course followed by
CourseWork
(no spaces please) located in a suitable place in your/home
. So for example, for CMEE students, the directory would beCMEECourseWork
.Each week’s coursework should be in its respective directory; e.g.,
CMEECourseWork/Week1
,CMEECourseWork/Week2
, etc.Each week’s directory should contain directories called
Code
,Data
, etc (more on this later)
You will bring your CMEECourseWork
(or QMEECourseWork
, or whatever) and all it’s contents under version control using Git (coming up in the Version Control Chapter.
\(\star\) OK, make your coursework directory now. First, cd
to an appropriate place (e.g., Documents
on your home
):
cd ~/Documents
Check what you have in there:
ls
Now make the directory and cd
to it
mkdir CMEECourseWork && cd CMEECourseWork
Note that you can combine commands using &&
mkdir Week1
cd Week1
mkdir sandbox
cd Sandbox
bash: cd: Sandbox: No such file or directory
The UNIX/Linux file system and commands are case-sensitive. So “Sandbox
” is not the same as “sandbox
”. Let’s continue:
rm sandbox
rm: cannot remove 'sandbox': Is a directory
mv sandbox Sandbox
You can also do rm -r sandbox
and then recreate mkdir Sandbox
. However, careful with the -r
option, because starting with the target directory (sandbox
in this case), it r
ecursively removes the entire directory tree inside the target directory, files and all!
cd Sandbox
pwd
ls
touch TestFile # OR, "touch TestFile.txt"
ls
mv TestFile TestFile2
rm TestFile2
/home/mhasoba/Documents/CMEECourseWork/Week1/Sandbox
TestFile
Note the hash mark (#
) after one of the commands above – anything after a #
is ignored (so you can use it for commenting).
You could have made your project directories and subdirectories in one swoop by using the -p
option of mkdir
(cd
up to CMEECourseWork
first (how would you do it?)):
mkdir -p Week1/{Data,Code,Sandbox}
Command arguments¶
Most UNIX commands accept arguments that modify their behavior. E.g., ls -l
(ls “minus”l) lists the files in longer format. Some useful arguments:
Command/Argument |
What it does |
|---|---|
|
Copy a directory recursively (i.e., including all the sub-directories and files). |
|
Removes a file, but asks first (for safety). |
|
Remove a directory recursively (i.e., including all the sub-directories and files). |
|
List all files, including hidden ones. |
|
List all files, with human-readable sizes (Mb, Gb). |
|
List all files, long format. |
|
List all files, order by size. |
|
List all files, order by modification time. |
|
List all files, one file per line. |
|
Create the directory Dir3 and Dir1 and Dir2 if they do not already exist. |
|
Sort all the lines, but use numeric values instead of dictionary (i.e., 11 follows 2). |
You can also combine command arguments. Try:
ls -lt
This combines -l
and -t
Redirection and pipes¶
Output of programs can also be “redirected” to a file in two ways:
>
: Redirect output from a command to a file on disk. If the file already exists, it will be overwritten.>>
: Append the output from a command to a file on disk. If the file does not exist, it will be created.
Examples (make sure you are in Week1/Sandbox
):
echo "My first line." > test.txt
cat test.txt
echo "My second line" >> test.txt
ls / >> ListRootDir.txt
cat ListRootDir.txt #Isn't that cool?!
We can also concatenate commands using “pipes” with “|
” e.g., to count how many files are in root (/
) directory:
ls / | wc -l
what does this do? Look up “man wc” in the terminal (or google “unix wc”).
Or try:
ls -lt | head -5
What does this do?
Wildcards¶
We can use wildcards to find files based on their names (still in Week1/Sandbox
):
mkdir TestWild
cd TestWild
touch File1.txt
touch File2.txt
touch File3.txt
touch File4.txt
touch File1.csv
touch File2.csv
touch File3.csv
touch File4.csv
touch Anotherfile.csv
touch Anotherfile.txt
ls
ls | wc -l
We will use the following wildcards:
Wildcard |
Meaning |
|---|---|
|
Any single character, except a leading dot (hidden files). |
|
Zero or more characters, except a leading dot (hidden files). |
|
Define a class of characters (e.g., upper-case letters). |
Now let’s try to find the files using wildcards:
ls *
ls File*
ls *.txt
ls File?.txt
ls File[1-2].txt
ls File[!3].*
Using grep
¶
grep
is a command that matches strings in a file (why is this useful?). It is based on regular expressions (more on this later). Let’s explore some basic usage of grep
. For a test file let’s download a list of protected species from the web (to Sandbox
):
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mhasoba/TheMulQuaBio/master/data/spawannxs.txt #Cool!
head -n 50 spawannxs.txt #You will see "head" in R as well
Now, make a Data
directory:
mkdir ../Data
Note the relative path ../
.
mv spawannxs.txt ../Data/
cd ../Data
head -n 50 spawannxs.txt
OK, let’s look for falcons:
grep Falco spawannxs.txt
-i
makes the matching case-insensitive:
grep -i Falco spawannxs.txt
Now let’s find the beautiful “Ara” macaws:
grep -i ara spawannxs.txt
But this poses a problem (what is the problem?).
We can solve this by specifying -w
to match only full words:
grep -i -w ara spawannxs.txt
And also show line(s) after the one that was matched, we can use -A x
, where x
is number of lines to use:
grep -i -w -A 1 ara spawannxs.txt
Similarly, -B shows the lines before:
grep -i -w -B 1 ara spawannxs.txt
Use -n to show the line number of the match:
grep -i -w -n ara spawannxs.txt
To print all the lines that do not match a pattern, use -v:
grep -i -w -v ara spawannxs.txt
To match one of several strings, use grep"string1\|string2” file
. grep
can be used on multiple files, all files, using wildcards for filenames, etc – explore as and when you need.
Finding files¶
It’s easy to find files in UNIX using, well, the find
command!
Now find particular files:
find . -name "File1.txt"
Using -iname
ignores case, and you can use wildcards:
find . -iname "fi*.txt"
You can limit the search to exclude sub-directories:
find . -maxdepth 2 -name "*.txt"
You can exclude certain files:
find . -maxdepth 2 -not -name "*.txt"
To find only directories:
find . -type d -iname *dir*
Practicals¶
Some instructions:
Review (especially if you got lost along the way) and make sure you can run and understand all the commands and get the expected outputs we have covered today.
Make sure you have your directory organized with
Data
andSandbox
with the necessary files, under your coursework directory (e.g.,CMEECourseWork/Week1
).Along with the completeness of the practicals/exercises themselves, you will be marked on the basis of how complete and well-organized your directory structure and content is – in all coming weeks as well.
Bash command challenge¶
Here is a more complicated bash command using two pipes (you are not expected to include the answer to this one as part of your weekly submission):
find . -type f -exec ls -s {} \; | sort -n | head -10
What does this command do? (Hint: try it on the test directories and files we created in Sandbox
)
Remember that along with the man
command, you can use the internet to get help on practically everything about UNIX!
FASTA exercise¶
In the directory /data/fasta
you will find some FASTA files. These files have an header starting with >
followed by the name of the sequence and other metadata. The sequence data start from the second line. Write a file called
UnixPrac1.txt
with UNIX shell commands that do the following (number each command with a hashed comment like so – #1
, #2
, etc):
Count how many lines are in each file
Print everything starting from the second line for the
E. coli
genomeCount the sequence length of this genome
Count the matches of a particular sequence, “ATGC” in the genome of E. coli (hint: Start by removing the first line and removing newline characters)
Compute the AT/GC ratio. That is, the (A+T)/(G+C) ratio. This is a summary measure of base composition of double-stranded DNA. DNA from different organisms and lineages has different ratios of the A-to-T and G-to-C base pairs. For example DNA from organisms that live in hot springs have a higher GC content, which takes advantage of the increased thermal stability of the GC base pair (google “Chargaff’s rule”).
Save UnixPrac1.txt
in the Code
directory. Please make sure that each command calls the data from the
Data
directory! Do not write any of the above as shell scripts (that’s not been covered yet; see Shell Scripting Chapter – each one should be a single line solution made of (potentially piped together) UNIX commands.
Please put (judicious) comments in all of your script files.
Readings & Resources¶
The Imperial College library gives you access to several e- and paper books on UNIX, some specific to Ubuntu. Browse or search and find a good intro book.
Lots of UNIX tutorials out there. Try http://software-carpentry.org/lessons.html (Chapter “shell”).
Some good UNIX usage habits


Click on the tree nodes to change the slected panel in the panel stack component.
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Over the past several years there have been many implementations of expert systems using various tools and various hardware platforms, from powerful LISP machine workstations to smaller personal computers.
The technology has left the confines of the academic world and has spread through many commercial institutions. People wanting to explore the technology and experiment with it have a bewildering selection of tools from which to choose. There continues to be a debate as to whether or not it is best to write expert systems using a high-level shell, an AI language such as LISP or Prolog, or a conventional language such as C.
This book is designed to teach you how to build expert systems from the inside out. It presents the various features used in expert systems, shows how to implement them in Prolog, and how to use them to solve problems.
The code presented in this book is a foundation from which many types of expert systems can be built. It can be modified and tuned for particular applications. It can be used for rapid prototyping. It can be used as an educational laboratory for experimenting with expert system concepts.
Expert systems are computer applications which embody some non-algorithmic expertise for solving certain types of problems. For example, expert systems are used in diagnostic applications servicing both people and machinery. They also play chess, make financial planning decisions, configure computers, monitor real time systems, underwrite insurance policies, and perform many other services which previously required human expertise.
Figure 1.1 Expert system components and human interfaces
Expert systems have a number of major system components and interface with individuals in various roles. These are illustrated in figure 1.1. The major components are:
• Knowledge base - a declarative representation of the expertise, often in IF THEN rules;
• Working storage - the data which is specific to a problem being solved;
• Inference engine - the code at the core of the system which derives recommendations from the knowledge base and problem-specific data in working storage;
• User interface - the code that controls the dialog between the user and the system.
To understand expert system design, it is also necessary to understand the major roles of individuals who interact with the system. These are:
• Domain expert - the individual or individuals who currently are experts solving the problems the system is intended to solve;
• Knowledge engineer - the individual who encodes the expert's knowledge in a declarative form that can be used by the expert system;
• User - the individual who will be consulting with the system to get advice which would have been provided by the expert.
Many expert systems are built with products called expert system shells. The shell is a piece of software which contains the user interface, a format for declarative knowledge in the knowledge base, and an inference engine. The knowledge engineer uses the shell to build a system for a particular problem domain.
Expert systems are also built with shells that are custom developed for particular applications. In this case there is another key individual:
• System engineer - the individual who builds the user interface, designs the declarative format of the knowledge base, and implements the inference engine.
Depending on the size of the project, the knowledge engineer and the system engineer might be the same person. For a custom built system, the design of the format of the knowledge base, and the coding of the domain knowledge are closely related. The format has a significant effect on the coding of the knowledge.
One of the major bottlenecks in building expert systems is the knowledge engineering process. The coding of the expertise into the declarative rule format can be a difficult and tedious task. One major advantage of a customized shell is that the format of the knowledge base can be designed to facilitate the knowledge engineering process.
The objective of this design process is to reduce the semantic gap. Semantic gap refers to the difference between the natural representation of some knowledge and the programmatic representation of that knowledge. For example, compare the semantic gap between a mathematical formula and its representation in both assembler and FORTRAN. FORTRAN code (for formulas) has a smaller semantic gap and is therefor easier to work with.
Since the major bottleneck in expert system development is the building of the knowledge base, it stands to reason that the semantic gap between the expert's representation of the knowledge and the representation in the knowledge base should be minimized. With a customized system, the system engineer can implement a knowledge base whose structures are as close as possible to those used by the domain expert.
This book concentrates primarily on the techniques used by the system engineer and knowledge engineer to design customized systems. It explains the various types of inference engines and knowledge bases that can be designed, and how to build and use them. It tells how they can be mixed together for some problems, and customized to meet the needs of a given application.
There are a number of features which are commonly used in expert systems. Some shells provide most of these features, and others just a few. Customized shells provide the features which are best suited for the particular problem. The major features covered in this book are:
• Goal driven reasoning or backward chaining - an inference technique which uses IF THEN rules to repetitively break a goal into smaller sub-goals which are easier to prove;
• Coping with uncertainty - the ability of the system to reason with rules and data which are not precisely known;
• Data driven reasoning or forward chaining - an inference technique which uses IF THEN rules to deduce a problem solution from initial data;
• Data representation - the way in which the problem specific data in the system is stored and accessed;
• User interface - that portion of the code which creates an easy to use system;
• Explanations - the ability of the system to explain the reasoning process that it used to reach a recommendation.
Goal-driven reasoning, or backward chaining, is an efficient way to solve problems that can be modelled as "structured selection" problems. That is, the aim of the system is to pick the best choice from many enumerated possibilities. For example, an identification problem falls in this category. Diagnostic systems also fit this model, since the aim of the system is to pick the correct diagnosis.
The knowledge is structured in rules which describe how each of the possibilities might be selected. The rule breaks the problem into sub-problems. For example, the following top level rules are in a system which identifies birds.
IF
family is albatross and
color is white
THEN
bird is laysan albatross.
IF
family is albatross and
color is dark
THEN
bird is black footed albatross.
The system would try all of the rules which gave information satisfying the goal of identifying the bird. Each would trigger sub-goals. In the case of these two rules, the sub-goals of determining the family and the color would be pursued. The following rule is one that satisfies the family sub-goal:
IF
order is tubenose and
size large and
wings long narrow
THEN
family is albatross.
The sub-goals of determining color, size, and wings would be satisfied by asking the user. By having the lowest level sub-goal satisfied or denied by the user, the system effectively carries on a dialog with the user. The user sees the system asking questions and responding to answers as it attempts to find the rule which correctly identifies the bird.
Figure 1.2. Difference between forward and backward chaining
Often times in structured selection problems the final answer is not known with complete certainty. The expert's rules might be vague, and the user might be unsure of answers to questions. This can be easily seen in medical diagnostic systems where the expert is not able to be definite about the relationship between symptoms and diseases. In fact, the doctor might offer multiple possible diagnoses.
For expert systems to work in the real world they must also be able to deal with uncertainty. One of the simplest schemes is to associate a numeric value with each piece of information in the system. The numeric value represents the certainty with which the information is known. There are numerous ways in which these numbers can be defined, and how they are combined during the inference process.
For many problems it is not possible to enumerate all of the possible answers before hand and have the system select the correct one. For example, configuration problems fall in this category. These systems might put components in a computer, design circuit boards, or lay out office space. Since the inputs vary and can be combined in an almost infinite number of ways, the goal driven approach will not work.
|
The data driven approach, or forward chaining, uses rules similar to those used for backward chaining, however, the inference process is different. The system keeps track of the current state of problem solution and looks for rules which will move that state closer to a final solution. |
A system to layout living room furniture would begin with a problem state consisting of a number of unplaced pieces of furniture. Various rules would be responsible for placing the furniture in the room, thus changing the problem state. When all of the furniture was placed, the system would be finished, and the output would be the final state. Here is a rule from such a system which places the television opposite the couch.
IF
unplaced tv and
couch on wall(X) and
wall(Y) opposite wall(X)
THEN
place tv on wall(Y).
This rule would take a problem state with an unplaced television and transform it to a state that had the television placed on the opposite wall from the couch. Since the television is now placed, this rule will not fire again. Other rules for other furniture will fire until the furniture arrangement task is finished.
Note that for a data driven system, the system must be initially populated with data, in contrast to the goal driven system which gathers data as it needs it. Figure 1.2 illustrates the difference between forward and backward chaining systems for two simplified rules. The forward chaining system starts with the data of a=1 and b=2 and uses the rules to derive d=4. The backward chaining system starts with the goal of finding a value for d and uses the two rules to reduce that to the problem of finding values for a and b.
Figure 1.3. Four levels of data representation
For all rule based systems, the rules refer to data. The data representation can be simple or complex, depending on the problem. The four levels described in this section are illustrated in figure 1.3.
The most fundamental scheme uses attribute-value pairs as seen in the rules for identifying birds. Examples are color-white, and size-large.
When a system is reasoning about multiple objects, it is necessary to include the object as well as the attribute-value. For example the furniture placement system might be dealing with multiple chairs with different attributes, such as size. The data representation in this case must include the object.
Once there are objects in the system, they each might have multiple attributes. This leads to a record-based structure where a single data item in working storage contains an object name and all of its associated attribute-value pairs.
Frames are a more complex way of storing objects and their attribute-values. Frames add intelligence to the data representation, and allow objects to inherit values from other objects. Furthermore, each of the attributes can have associated with it procedures (called demons) which are executed when the attribute is asked for, or updated.
In a furniture placement system each piece of furniture can inherit default values for length. When the piece is placed, demons are activated which automatically adjust the available space where the item was placed.
The acceptability of an expert system depends to a great extent on the quality of the user interface. The easiest to implement interfaces communicate with the user through a scrolling dialog as illustrated in figure 1.4. The user can enter commands, and respond to questions. The system responds to commands, and asks questions during the inferencing process.
More advanced interfaces make heavy use of pop-up menus, windows, mice, and similar techniques as shown in figure 1.5. If the machine supports it, graphics can also be a powerful tool for communicating with the user. This is especially true for the development interface which is used by the knowledge engineer in building the system.
Figure 1.4. Scrolling dialog user interface
Figure 1.5. Window and menu user interface
One of the more interesting features of expert systems is their ability to explain themselves. Given that the system knows which rules were used during the inference process, it is possible for the system to provide those rules to the user as a means for explaining the results.
This type of explanation can be very dramatic for some systems such as the bird identification system. It could report that it knew the bird was a black footed albatross because it knew it was dark colored and an albatross. It could similarly justify how it knew it was an albatross.
At other times, however, the explanations are relatively useless to the user. This is because the rules of an expert system typically represent empirical knowledge, and not a deep understanding of the problem domain. For example a car diagnostic system has rules which relate symptoms to problems, but no rules which describe why those symptoms are related to those problems.
Explanations are always of extreme value to the knowledge engineer. They are the program traces for knowledge bases. By looking at explanations the knowledge engineer can see how the system is behaving, and how the rules and data are interacting. This is an invaluable diagnostic tool during development.
In chapters 2 through 9, some simple expert systems are used as examples to illustrate the features and how they apply to different problems. These include a bird identification system, a car diagnostic system, and a system which places furniture in a living room.
Chapters 10 and 11 focus on some actual systems used in commercial environments. These were based on the principles in the book, and use some of the code from the book.
The final chapter describes a specialized expert system which solves Rubik's cube and does not use any of the formalized techniques presented earlier in the book. It illustrates how to customize a system for a highly specialized problem domain.
The details of building expert systems are illustrated in this book through the use of Prolog code. There is a small semantic gap between Prolog code and the logical specification of a program. This means the description of a section of code, and the code are relatively similar. Because of the small semantic gap, the code examples are shorter and more concise than they might be with another language.
The expressiveness of Prolog is due to three major features of the language: rule-based programming, built-in pattern matching, and backtracking execution. The rule-based programming allows the program code to be written in a form which is more declarative than procedural. This is made possible by the built-in pattern matching and backtracking which automatically provide for the flow of control in the program. Together these features make it possible to elegantly implement many types of expert systems.
There are also arguments in favor of using conventional languages, such as C, for building expert system shells. Usually these arguments center around issues of portability, performance, and developer experience. As newer versions of commercial Prologs have increased sophistication, portability, and performance, the advantages of C over Prolog decrease. However, there will always be a need for expert system tools in other languages. (One mainframe expert system shell is written entirely in COBOL.)
For those seeking to build systems in other languages, this book is still of value. Since the Prolog code is close to the logical specification of a program, it can be used as the basis for implementation in another language.
This book is written with the assumption that the reader understands Prolog programming. If not, Programming in Prolog by Clocksin and Mellish from Springer-Verlag is the classic Prolog text. APT - The Active Prolog Tutor by the author and published by Solution Systems in South Weymouth, Massachusetts is an interactive PC based tutorial that includes a practice Prolog interpreter.
An in depth understanding of expert systems is not required, but the reader will probably find it useful to explore other texts. In particular since this book focuses on system engineering, readings in knowledge engineering would provide complementary information. Some good books in this area are: Building Expert Systems by Hayes-Roth, Waterman, and Lenat; Rule-Based Expert Systems by Buchanan and Shortliffe; and Programming Expert Systems in OPS5 by Brownston, Kant, Farrell, and Martin.
Copyright ©1989,2000 Amzi! inc. All Rights Reserved.


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last revised: october 15th, 2021
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Rendering allows a user to specify special colors, fonts, and other visual effects to terms in a ontology editor panel that match a particular filter.
To enable rendering, click "Rendering controls" in the "Advanced" tab of the search panel. When rendering is enabled, the search panel looks like this:
There are two new controls, the "Render options" pane and the "Render" button.
To create a new renderer, first design a filter in the filter designer to the left. Then, specify one or more visual effects to apply to matching terms. To apply the new renderer to the primary ontology editor panel, press the "Render" button.
With the settings shown in the screenshot above, the ontology editor panel will draw any term whose name contains "activity" in red:
A ontology editor panel can have any number of renderers at the same time.
Renderers can apply several different visual effects to matching terms. The available effects are different for term filters and link filters.
In general, to apply a visual effect, select the checkbox next to it. If a visual effect is configurable, a configuration control will appear next to the checkbox once it is selected. A renderer may apply several visual effects to a matching term.
Term renderer effects change the way a term name is displayed in the ontology editor panel. The following renderer effects are available for term filters:
Link renderer effects change the way the arrow between a term and its parent () is displayed in the ontology editor panel. The following renderer effects are available:
When the "Render" button is pressed, the renderer is applied to the primary ontology editor panel. To apply a renderer to a ontology editor panel other than the primary ontology editor panel, drag and drop the render button onto the desired ontology editor panel. The renderer will be applied to the target panel.
Any number of renderers may be applied to a ontology editor panel at once. If a term matches multiple renderers, OBO-Edit will try to merge the renderer effects to display as much information as possible.
OBO-Edit can merge renderer effects of different types. If one renderer wants to make a term red, and another wants to make a term bold, OBO-Edit will show the term in red and in bold. But OBO-Edit cannot merge effects of the same type. If one renderer wants to make a term red and another wants to make the term blue, OBO-Edit will only display a single color.
When two renderers specify two different values for the same effect, OBO-Edit chooses the value from the most recently added renderer.
Therefore, if you plan to use several renderers at once, it is usually a good idea to use a different type of renderer effect for each renderer. That way it is easy to tell if a term matches multiple renderers.
To remove a filter, click the filter menu button beneath the ontology editor panel from which you would like to remove the filter. The filter menu will appear:
To remove all renderers, choose the "Remove all renderers" or "Remove all renderers and filters" item.
To remove a specific renderer, select "Remove specific renderer". A list of the current renderers will appear in a flyout menu. Select a renderer from the menu to remove it.


Two dead, one missing after rainstorms drench south France
LE MUY, France: Two people lost their lives and at least one more was missing on Sunday (Nov 24) after historic rain levels drenched the south of France, provoking major floods that are only now starting to recede, officials said.
The high floodwaters buried cars underwater, turned roads into rivers and even allowed kayakers the chance to paddle down a highway.
One corpse was found in the village of Le Muy, just north of France's Mediterranean coast, close to where a rescue dinghy had capsized on Saturday evening with three members of the fire brigade and three civilians aboard, the local authorities in the southern Var region said.
One of the civilians had been reported missing.
The second body, of a man in his 50s, was found in the village of Cabasse in a car, said the local authorities, without giving further details.
Meanwhile, another man, in his 70s, was still missing in the village of Saint-Antonin-du-Var after going out during the night amid heavy rain. Searches are continuing.
The Alpes-Maritimes and Var regions have since Friday been hit by torrential rainstorms that also caused huge waves in seaside areas.
A woman aged 39 was also badly injured on Saturday and hospitalised after being swept away by a wave, the fire service said.
The town of Roquebrune-sur-Argens in the Var region was particularly badly affected and only accessible by boat or helicopter, the local authorities said.
Some 4,500 households have been left without electricity throughout the Var and Alpes-Maritimes regions.
Transport was badly hit, with services suspended between Nice and the port of Toulon outside Marseille, with Paris-Nice trains stopping in Marseille and not carrying on to Nice. Normal service was to gradually resume Sunday afternoon.
'FARE FROM NORMAL'
The senior official for the Var region, Jean-Luc Videlaine, told AFP that the rains had been of "historic" intensity, adding that the damage will be "considerable".
He said that water levels were now going down but added that the situation was "far from returning to normal".
In some areas of the Var region, the equivalent of two or three months of rain fell in just 24 or 48 hours.
Forecaster Jean-Pierre Hameau of Meteo France however warned against making a link between the storms and climate change, saying such conditions, known in France as a "cevenol", were relatively frequent in the region.
"They happen three or six times a year. They often start in September when the Mediterranean is warm ... They happened before (climate change) and we are not seeing more since global warming started."
Neighbouring Italy was also affected, with Venice again hit by the floods that have paralysed the city over the last days, even if the levels were well off the historic peak reached on Nov 12.
The waters that flooded the iconic St Mark's Square in the city centre were at knee-height, and were beginning to recede by the afternoon.
Worst hit was the region of Alessandria south of Turin where 200 people were evacuated and 600 left isolated. One woman was reported missing, Italian media said.


ng
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| $anchorScroll | When called, it checks current value of |
| $animate | The $animate service provides rudimentary DOM manipulation functions to insert, remove and move elements within the DOM, as well as adding and removing classes. This service is the core service used by the ngAnimate $animator service which provides high-level animation hooks for CSS and JavaScript. |
| $cacheFactory | Factory that constructs Cache objects and gives access to them. |
| $templateCache | The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
can load templates directly into the cache in a |
| $compile | Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
can then be used to link |
| $controller |
|
| $document | A jQuery or jqLite wrapper for the browser's |
| $exceptionHandler | Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
The default implementation simply delegates to |
| $filter | Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user. |
| $http | The |
| $httpBackend | HTTP backend used by the service that delegates to XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities. |
| $interpolate | Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the HTML $compile service for data binding. See $interpolateProvider for configuring the interpolation markup. |
| $interval | Angular's wrapper for |
| $locale | $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the only public api is: |
| $location | The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the window.location) and makes the URL available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar. |
| $log | Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message into the browser's console (if present). |
| $parse | Converts Angular expression into a function. |
| $q | A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions) when they are done processing. |
| $rootElement | The root element of Angular application. This is either the element where ngApp was declared or the element passed into
|
| $rootScope | Every application has a single root scope. All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes. They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the developer guide on scopes. |
| $sceDelegate |
|
| $sce |
|
| $timeout | Angular's wrapper for |
| $window | A reference to the browser's |


@* * Copyright 2017 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import models.NewProductModel @import uk.gov.hmrc.play.views.html.helpers.{form, inputRadioGroup, errorSummary} @import common.Constants @import views.html.helpers.{backButtonWithProgress, externalLink} @(newProductForm: Form[NewProductModel])(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @main_template(Messages("page.investment.NewProduct.title")) { @backButtonWithProgress(controllers.eis.routes.NewGeographicalMarketController.show().toString, Messages("common.section.progress.details.three")) @errorSummary(Messages("common.error.summary.heading"), newProductForm)


This is a tool for exploring the relationship between context-free grammars, derivation trees and languages. To make it work, you'll need a browser that supports JavaScript.
To make it work, you'll need a browser that supports JavaScript.
Example: S → aSb|c
All possible derivations
Derivations of this string


Broken Bookshelf:
The hair pin is a type once used by aristocratic ladies. It's engraved with the image of a Moon Face Flower, and was probably used by a unattached young lady.
"I wonder what that design means?"


 Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words. Another line with many, many words.`") --apa--> c
classDiagram-v2 classA -- classB : Inheritance classA -- classC : link classC -- classD : link classB -- classD
sequenceDiagram Alice->>Bob: Extremely utterly long line of longness which had previously overflown the actor box as it is much longer than what it should be loop Loopy Bob->>Alice: Pasten end
%%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": false}} }%% flowchart LR b("`The dog in **the** hog.(1) NL`") --"`1o **bold**`"--> c[new strings svg labels]
%%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": true}} }%% flowchart LR b("`The dog in **the** hog.(1) NL`") --"`1o **bold**`"--> c[new strings html labels]
%%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": true}} }%% flowchart LR b("The dog in the hog.(1)\nNL") --"1o bold"--> c[old strings svg labels]


Some popular dance acadmics are
Shobana Jeyasingh
View
Rambert
View
JLS Dance
View
Trinity Laban
View
The Place
View
Pineapple Dance Studios
View


Estonia ousts third far-right minister, coalition stays
by Tarmo VirkiTALLINN (Reuters) - Estonian Prime Minister Juri Ratas said on Monday he had sacked Rural Affairs Minister Mart Jarvik, a member of the ruling coalition’s far-right EKRE party, saying he could no longer trust him.
Jarvik was the third minister from EKRE to be dismissed in the past six months.
EKRE had previously threatened to leave the coalition if Jarvik was fired, but Ratas said all three coalition parties had agreed to continue in government.
“All coalition partners want to continue in this difficult situation,” Ratas said.
A special commission set up by Ratas said last week it found a number of misdoings at the ministry. Jarvik had also overstepped his responsibilities by trying to give directions to the Veterinary and Food Board, it said.
“I cannot say that he had regained my trust in him,” Ratas said. “I told him it would be best if he would leave on his own request. He declined to do that.”
EKRE, the second largest partner in Estonia’s government, has a programme that includes strict immigration policies and a pledge that Estonia will not take in refugees as part of a European Union-wide quota system.


{include ../header.inc}
Redistribution and use of this software in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.


Soul Chill
Terrorize the very souls of your opponents with a chilling enchantment reserved to the strongest necromancers.
${value} Cold Damage
min: [11.0, 17.0, 23.0, 29.0, 35.0, 41.0, 47.0, 54.0, 60.0, 66.0, 72.0, 78.0, 84.0, 90.0]
+${value}% Cold Damage
15 19 23 28 32 36 40 45 49 53 57 62 66 70
+${value}% Damage to Ghost
25
MaxLevel
10
UltimateLevel
14


Each pretty-printed commit will be rewrapped before it is shown.
git-shortlog(1) Manual Page
NAME
git-shortlog - Summarize git log output
SYNOPSIS
git log --pretty=short | git shortlog [<options>] git shortlog [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
DESCRIPTION
Summarizes git log output in a format suitable for inclusion in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and title.
Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
If no revisions are passed on the command line and either standard input is not a terminal or there is no current branch, git shortlog will output a summary of the log read from standard input, without reference to the current repository.
OPTIONS
- -n
- --numbered
Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead of author alphabetic order.
- -s
- --summary
Suppress commit description and provide a commit count summary only.
- -e
Show the email address of each author.
- --format[=<format>]
Instead of the commit subject, use some other information to describe each commit. <format> can be any string accepted by the --format option of git log, such as * [%h] %s. (See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section of git-log(1).)
- -w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]
Linewrap the output by wrapping each line at width. The first line of each entry is indented by indent1 spaces, and the second and subsequent lines are indented by indent2 spaces. width, indent1, and indent2 default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
If width is 0 (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping them.
- <revision range>
Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no <revision range> is specified, it defaults to HEAD (i.e. the whole history leading to the current commit). origin..HEAD specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit (i.e. HEAD), but not from origin. For a complete list of ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges" section of gitrevisions(7).
- [--] <path>...
Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files that match the specified paths came to be.
Paths may need to be prefixed with "-- " to separate them from options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
MAPPING AUTHORS
The .mailmap feature is used to coalesce together commits by the same person in the shortlog, where their name and/or email address was spelled differently.
If the file .mailmap exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob configuration options, it is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to canonical real names and email addresses.
In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the commit (enclosed by < and >) to map to the name. For example:
Proper Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The more complex forms are:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and:
Proper Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a commit matching the specified commit email address, and:
Proper Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Commit Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a commit matching both the specified commit name and email address.
Example 1: Your history contains commits by two authors, Jane and Joe, whose names appear in the repository under several forms:
Joe Developer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Joe R. Developer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Jane Doe<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Jane Doe <jane@laptop.(none)> Jane D. <jane@desktop.(none)>
Now suppose that Joe wants his middle name initial used, and Jane prefers her family name fully spelled out. A proper .mailmap file would look like:
Jane Doe <jane@desktop.(none)> Joe R. Developer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the real name of that author is already correct.
Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following authors:
nick1<EMAIL_ADDRESS>nick2<EMAIL_ADDRESS>nick2<EMAIL_ADDRESS>santa<EMAIL_ADDRESS>claus<EMAIL_ADDRESS>CTO<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Then you might want a .mailmap file that looks like:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Some Dude<EMAIL_ADDRESS>nick1<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Other Author<EMAIL_ADDRESS>nick2<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Other Author<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Santa Claus<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Use hash # for comments that are either on their own line, or after the email address.
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite


Type of Report
Error by Error Type Report
Processing Time Report
Stuck Order Graphical Report
Select Date:
From:
To:
Select Profile:
Profile Type
Task Name
Select Profile Name
Reset
SUBMIT


How are indexes created?
It is used to create an index on a table. It allows duplicate values
Syntax:
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name(column1,column2....);
Example:
WAQ to create an index named "index_quantity" on qtyavailable column present
inretailstocktable.
Solution: create index index_quantity
on retailstock(qtyavailable);
It is used to create a unique index on a table. It does not allow duplicate value.
Syntax:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name(column1,column2...);
Example:
Create an unique index empdesignation on the empname and
designation column sof empdetails
Solution: create unique index empdesignation
on
empdetails(designation,empname);
➢A column contains a wide range of values
➢the table is small
➢columns are not often used as a condition in the query
➢the table is updated frequently
In order to view the indexes present on a table we can say
SHOW INDEXES FROM table_name


Income over $150,000 (Fact Sheet F)
Since you have previously indicated that the payor's income is over $150,000 you will need to provide
answers to the next set of questions. The child support guideline table you previously entered only goes
to $150,000. Income beyond that point requires a 2 stage calculation, the amount payable at $150,000 +
the amount payable on the income in excess of $150,000. This takes into account other factors such as
the financial ability of each parent, maintaining a certain quality of life, etc. It is no longer a
matter of there being money simply to look after the needs of the child, but rather the level of care
factoring in the family's lifestyle.
If the paying parent earns more than $150,000 per year, you may need to calculate both incomes.
The Federal Guidelines provide two options:
-
Option 1: You can use the tables to determine the child support amount for the first $150,000. Then add
the percentage listed in the tables for the portion of income over $150,000. If you choose this
option, you would only need to calculate the paying parent’s income.
-
Option 2: You can use the tables to determine the child support amount for the first $150,000. You can
then determine an amount for the portion of income over $150,000 by looking at the condition,
means, needs and other circumstances of the child and the financial ability of each of you to
contribute. If you choose this option, you would need to calculate both incomes.
In some cases:
-
You may need to calculate your child’s income—for example, if the child is over the age of
majority and you are taking his or her financial means into consideration to determine a
child support amount.
-
You may need to calculate the income of every member of both households to compare the
standards of living if either of you is claiming undue hardship.
Source: The
{% include "partials/tooltips/children/federal_guidelines.html" with link="http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/fl-lf/child-enfant/guide/step5-etap5.html#h7" %}
Department of Justice
{% include "partials/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_f_table.html" with table_id=1 claimant_id='you' %}
{% include "partials/fact_sheets/fact_sheet_f_table.html" with table_id=2 claimant_id='spouse' %}


1. Open an entity.
2. Select an attack step.
3. Close the entity.
4. Navigate forward or backward from the selected attack step.
To hide a specific attack step, shift-click it. To make it reappear, re-open the associated entity.
Zoom in for a closer view.
To avoid confusing clutter, don't have too many attack steps open at the same time.


Select who to register
If you are signing up for the first time, please create a member and select them.
Select a program to register for. A description will be shown when you select a program.
This member is already enrolled for season: {{currentSeason.name}}. Please select another member or season.
You can now complete this registration. Please read over your selections before registering.


I am a highly motivated University student attending University College Cork and studying Business Information Systems.
I cleaned up glasses and wiped tables around the bar while also serving drinks from behind the bar. I also had the responsibility of closing the the bar and doing the final clean at night.
I had many duties as both bar staff and as a waitress. I served food to customers and took orders from them. I cleaned the main floor and the bar at closing time. I also served drinks to customers.
1st Year


{% extends "layout-chs.html" %} {% block page_title %} Abridged accounts {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} Back Abridged accounts Before you start The abridged accounts need to be prepared, with figures rounded to whole numbers. Round down income, and round up spending. The abridged accounts should have been approved by the director/board of directors. on the Companies House service {% endblock %}


Empty Repository
This is an empty repository. Let's get started!
Existing Project
- git push -u origin --all
- git push -u origin --tags
Starting Fresh
- git init
- echo "README" >> README.md
- git add README.md
- git commit -m 'Initial README.md file'
- git push -u origin master
Once you've got some commits in the repository, refresh this page to see them.


Mysterious Wizard:
Come on, that's not enough!
Excellent material, equivalent to the red cloth of Aden, but infused with magical power.
Please bring me more hearts.
I'll trade you for the dead's brains anytime.
Trade the dead's brains.
Say you'll go and bring more vampire hearts.
Say you want to quit.


Position Package Version 1.0.
Bundles wishing to use this package must list the package in the Import-Package header of the bundle's manifest. For example:
Import-Package: org.osgi.util.position; version=1.0


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
Thank you for using our application, we look forward to helping you make the most you can out of your social media!
Here you can track your campaigns, current or old!
| name | Date Started | Date Ended | Status | Tags | View |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ i[1]}} | {{ i[2] }} | {{ i[3] }} | {% if i[5] == "in_progress" %} In Progress {% endif %} {% if i[5] == "ended" %} Ended {% endif %} | {{ i[4] }} | View |


Whether our paper model or a real brokerage, you can source data for your algorithm from QuantConnect or your brokerage directly. Currently, only Interactive Brokers Brokerage data feed is supported, as the other brokerage data sources are identical to the QuantConnect stream, so we have not built in ways to use them directly.
Using the QuantConnect data feed, you can access the asset classes listed below. Paper trading on Futures or Options assets is not supported at this time.
Using Interactive Brokers as your data source, you can access the asset classes below.
Universe selection is not supported by the Interactive Brokers Brokerage data feed at this time.


Words that you struggle with the most
{% endblock content %}


Assam Linguistic Minorities Development Board Distributes Cheques to Beneficiaries
A Correspondent
DHUBRI: The Assam Linguistic Minorities Development Board distributed cheques among beneficiaries to carry out trade, business and to start small production units, at a function presided over by former Principal of Bholanath College, Prof (Rtd) Girindra Nath Goswami at Dhubri District Library Auditorium on Thursday.
Besides the cheques of Rs. 20,000 as one-time grant-in-aid, sewing machines and solar home light set under schemes for 2018-19 were also distributed among the 136 beneficiaries.
Speaking in the meeting, vice-chairman of Assam Linguistic Minorities Development Board, Ram Krishna Ghose said the board had wanted to give away more amount of financial assistance to the linguistic minorities but that could not be possible due to some technical problems.
“This time we are giving Rs 20,000 each of the beneficiaries selected maintaining strict guidelines and norms laid down by the board. But next time onwards, the amount will be increased to Rs 1 lakh,” Ghose added.
Ghose also alleged that this board was there when the Congress was in power in the State and fund was also available, but it did not bother to distribute financial aid among the linguistic minority communities.
“Linguistic minority communities need not worry about NRC or politics of opposing the Citizenship Amendment Bill as Chief Minister Sarbanand Sonowal has assured to protect their socio-economic and political rights,” Ghose said.
The meeting was also addressed by Dhubri District Development Commissioner Banashree Nath, Executive Officer of Dhubri Zila Parishad, Purabi Konwar, and District Information and Public Relation Officer Jiten Das.
Also Read: Assam Sanyogi teachers demand special TET; protest against sudden termination of duty
Also watch: Govt all set to push for the contentious Citizenship Bill in the winter session of Parliament


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree %} {% block title %} Part 3 Is Over {% endblock %} {% block content %}
The right answers are:
You answered {{player.num_correct}} questions correctly. In this part you have earned: {{player.payoff }}.
{% next_button %} {% endblock %}


Celeb Faces
Webcam
Snap
...
Upload
Adrianna Franch
Hope Sandoval
Jewel
Kareena Kapoor
Tiffany Trump
Melania Trump
Simone Manuel
Loading
...


Survey Queries
About You
Name (required)
Link to Personal Portrait (required)
Query 1
You would prefer to spend the day tending your garden or fishing in the local stream than questing for gold and glory.
Query 2
The more treacherous the quest, the better!
Query 3
The love of a fair one is a far better prize than gold.
Query 4
You find creepy, crawly creatures to be far worse than huge monsters.
Query 5
A hearty meal and a good night's rest is better than any healing spell.
Query 6
It is more important to work for the greater good than to save the life of one dear friend.
Query 7
You prefer to stick to the shadows, without making your presence known.
Query 8
You prefer the bustling action of a capital city to the peace and quiet of the forest.
Query 9
You prefer to use the mystical powers of the mind over brute strength.
Query 10
There is nothing more powerful than friendship!


Infrastructure Cost Forecast
Current Number of Study per Day:
Number of Study Growth Per Month (in %):
"Number of Months to Forecast:


Why we do it?
- Help you get started
- Inspire you do great things
- Teach better
Time to introduce yourself
What is in it for me?
- Become self-sufficient learner
- Publish personal project on Google Play
- Learn the fundamentals of programming
- Understand the basics of Android app development
What do we expect from you?
- Laptop
- Good English language - Android Developer
- Homework - Deadline Sunday 16:00
- Attendance - max 2 misses
- Arrive on time - 17:55
- Have 50% of total points on HW and Tests after week 4
Give me a break ;) (10 min)
Why Java?
- Java & Android - Java is a cross-platform programming language used for Android development
- Android Studio - editor for developing Android apps
Resources
- Course book - Learning Java by Building Android Games, John Horton, 2015
- Video course - Become an Android Developer from Scratch, Adam Lupu, 2015


For any Buckman Home Community folks, tonight's at the Clark's instead of Nash and Kora's. Directions on Sunago or contact me if you need.
4/7/2010, 9:43:05 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
For any Buckman Home Community folks, tonight's at the Clark's instead of Nash and Kora's. Directions on Sunago or contact me if you need.
4/7/2010, 9:43:05 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Edit notes
Warning
Notes can be read by anyone with access to the collection.
{% include 'design_system/error_summary.html' with form=form %}
{% extends '_main.html' %} {% load core_tags static %} {% block page_title %}Edit notes{% endblock %} {% block go_back %} Back {% endblock go_back %} {% block main %}


WITNESS LIST Economic Development Committee April 12, 1999-1:30P HB 2487 For: Golden, Cathy (Greater Dallas Chamber) Hammond, Bill (Texas Association of Business & Chambers of Commerce) On: Carlson, Debbie (Texas Workforce Commission) Daniel, Marc (Texas Workforce Commission) HB 2915 On: Fernandez, Mike (Texas Workforce Commission) HB 3029 For: Pitstick, David (Allen Economic Development Corporation - Texas Economic Development Council) HB 3029 Amendment (Solis / #1) Bushell, Gary (Greater Corpus Christi Business Alliance) Welch, Frederick H. (Brazoria County Partnership) HB 3333 For: Lamm, Sandra (The Child Care Group) Against: Eicher, Kathy (Self and Permian Basin Licensed Child Care Association) Ivy, Floyd (Self) Sanders, Steve (Self and Permian Basin Licensed Child Care Association) Sumner, John (Self) On: Coufal, David (Texas Workforce Commission) HB 3480 On: Cigainero, Barbara (Texas Workforce Commission) HB 3596 For: Levy, Rick (Texas AFL - CIO) Raab, Ted Melina (Texas State Empoloyees Union) On: Cigainero, Barbara (Texas Workforce Commission) HB 3658 On: Pinkley, Criag (Texas Department of Economic Development)


Login page
Invalid username or password
You have logged out successfully
Username:
Password:
Go back to Home page


Illegitimate son of Madame Danglars and Gérard de Villefort. He was almost buried alive by his father in the garden of his father's wife's (Renée de Saint-Méran) family estate. Bertuccio, enemy of Monsieur Villefort, saw him burying the box and stabbed him. Believing there to be treasure inside, Bertuccio stole the box. Upon seeing a baby inside, he took the baby to his sister-in-law. Benedetto lived with Bertuccio's sister-in-law and terrorised her.
He wound up in prison with Gaspard Caderousse as a cellmate. The Count of Monte Cristo bailed them both out and paid Benedetto to disguise himself as a wealthy Italian nobleman. He betrayed and killed Caderousse during an attempted robbery at the Count's house. He was engaged to Eugénie Danglars before the Count exposed him for his crimes and he was sent back to jail.


The iPhone might support more than Apple Pay for NFC payments
It seems that Apple’s iPhones are required to support e-wallets other than their very own Apple Pay, based on a court ruling in Germany that was passed very recently. The court ruling required all “operators of electronic money infrastructure” to allow e-wallet integration, at a reasonable fee which means that you could use your Apple device to make payments even without Apple Pay.
With that said, Apple did not mention on when will they allow third-party e-wallets to utilize the NFC feature found on most modern iPhones. Not only that, but they also did not mention whether third-party e-wallets from countries other than Germany would be able to integrate their e-wallets.
Would the iPhone be a much better product if it supports e-wallets other than Apple Pay? Let us know on our Facebook page, and for more updates like this stay tuned to TechNave.com.


A Little Bit About Joy
I live in New Mexico. My son and I call the
East Mountains
home!
I am a student of
web development
I love to try new Coffee houses.
Roots Farm Cafe
has fresh tasty coffee and food.
I've been a Marine Corps Officer for 9 years.
Semper Fi!
For more of my past experiences head on over to my
LinkedIn
Thanks for visiting!


Perfview can collect ETW event samples.Each sample captures the complete call stack of the thread current executing; giving very detailed and useful information about what that thread was doing at both high and low levels of abstraction
press down key or click to see where we specify sample rateIf your program is running for long enough (typically 5-20 seconds), and you still don't have at least 1000 samples, it is likely it is because CPU is NOT the bottleneck.
CPU investigation is about finding which function is spinning our CPU
To simplify ,in our app we have 4 functions Main,SpinCPU1,SpinCPU2 and SpinCPU3. SpinCPU1 calls SpinCPU2 and SpinCPU2 calls SpinCPU3
press down to see the sample code.
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
SpinCPU1();
}
static void SpinCPU1()
{
SpinCPU2();
}
static void SpinCPU2()
{
string mystring = SpinCPU3();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
mystring += SpinCPU3();
}
}
static string SpinCPU3()
{
string time = string.Empty;
for (int i = 0; i < 20000; i++)
{
time+= DateTime.Now.ToString();
}
return time;
}
}


An interface to define the paths to load the Web Worker JavaScript, WASM, and the definition and path of
the model to use to create the segmentation mask.
Members of this interface can change without a major version bump to accommodate new browser
bugs and capabilities. If you extend this type, you might need to rework your code for new minor
versions of this library.
An interface to define the paths to load the Web Worker JavaScript, WASM, and the definition and path of the model to use to create the segmentation mask.
Members of this interface can change without a major version bump to accommodate new browser bugs and capabilities. If you extend this type, you might need to rework your code for new minor versions of this library.


CLASS TYPES
We offer a range of dance classes in various different styles, including ballet, pre-ballet, Chinese dance, and point. Our classes cater to students of all ages and skill levels, and each class is taught by an expert dance instructor.
See more about pricing information or free trial classPRE-BALLET
This is a beginner-level ballet class for ZhiPing Shi’s youngest students. This class teaches young dancers the basics of ballet, including flexibility skills and simple ballet positions. Students in this class are between the ages of 3 and 6 years old.
BALLET
TThis is a multi-level series of classes. After demonstrating mastery of pre-ballet skills, students will take five ballet classes. These classes consist of Ballet I through V, with level I being the introductory level and level V being the most advanced level. Students in this series of classes are between the ages of 6 and 18 years old.
ADULT
This is an advanced ballet class en pointe for students who have demonstrated mastery of beginner and intermediate ballet skills. Adult students will learn techniques of professional ballet en pointe. Students in this class are 18 years and older.
CHINESE
This is a multi-level series of classes. Students will learn the skills of Chinese folk dance, as well as dance fundamentals and flexibility. This class is open to students of all ages, and students in the first level class are typically 6 years old.


--- layout: post title: Avon NailWear Pro - Aqua Fantasy & Loving Lavender tags: - Avon status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' _aioseop_title: Avon NailWear Pro Aqua Fantasy & Loving Lavender _aioseop_keywords: Avon NailWear Pro Aqua Fantasy & Loving Lavender, Aqua Fantasy, Loving Lavender, Avon carnival color _yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '0' _thumbnail_id: '4373' _yoast_wpseo_focuskw: '' _yoast_wpseo_title: '' _yoast_wpseo_metadesc: '' _yoast_wpseo_metakeywords: '' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow: '0' _yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv: none _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-include: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_sitemap-prio: ! '-' _yoast_wpseo_canonical: '' _yoast_wpseo_redirect: '' ---
Avon has recently a new line of nail colors, really affordable, great quality, quantity and glossy finish. Although shades are limited but each one is a steal,
Price: Rs. 119 (Mostly on Discounts) Claims:My Experience: Love the assortment of colors, and picked up a couple of them, love the finish,
Aqua Fantasy is a cool Minty shade with a subtle pearl finish, and Loving Lavender is a beautiful Lilac shade with a glossy finish.
Regarding 10 days claim, I did not have the patience to try it, I was bored in 5 days and changed the color. Almost no chipping with a top coat, but I will surely test and update the claim,
Although both of them are from same collection, but has different length of brush, strange right ?
Finally we have an affordable, yet quality nail paints in India. I am picking up all the shades....How about you ?


Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
| # | Name | Occupation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cal | Badass |
| 2 | Sophie | Loser |


Implementing your view actions flow
MVFlow defines the view interface as follows:
interface View<State, Action> {
fun render(state: State)
fun actions(): Flow<Action>
}
Most developers should have a reasonable idea of how to implement render(state: State)
, but implementing
actions(): Flow<Action>
might not seem so obvious if this is the first time you are implementing your own
Flow.
We can suggest three different ways to implement this, each with different pros and cons.
Using callback flow
kotlinx.coroutines.core
defines a flow builder very useful for our scenario: callbackFlow
.
Reading from the docs, this allows elements to be produced by code that is running in a different context or concurrently. Additionally, This builder ensures thread-safety and context preservation.
All of that might sound a bit vague, here’s a concrete example of how you use it:
// in a class that implements View<State, Action>
override fun actions(): Flow<Action> = callbackFlow {
findViewById(R.id.someButton).setOnClickListener {
// the next line makes the flow emit a "Button pressed" value
offer(Action.ButtonPressed)
}
// makes the flow alive until the context of the collector is cancelled
// (in our case this is the view context)
awaitClose()
}
Note:
You can pass a lambda to awaitClose()
which is invoked when the context is about to be closed,
For example, if you are using ButterKnife in a Fragment, you should call
the unbinder
when the view is destroyed.
You can read more about callbackFlow
in the
official documentation
Pros:
-
Simple
-
Full control of emissions
-
Easy to reason
-
Coroutine scope handled automatically
Cons:
- Might not be so easy (or clean) to apply this pattern when you need to emit values from items inside a recycler view.
Using a channel
The main problem in the previous approach is that in some scenarios you might want to give another class the ability to send values into the flow and that’s not easy to achieve.
For example, if you have a non-trivial recycler view, you might want the adapter to be able to send values such as “tapped on the second button of the third row”.
When your view is created, you probably would like to create the recycler view adapter and have something it could use to send values, but at this time the flow hasn’t been created yet so you don’t have a good way to do it.
One solution is to have a mutable nullable property (or a lateinit property) in the adapter, and once you have a flow you can set it. Although this approach is valid, there is one alternative which we explain now. Each of these options have different tradeoffs and it is your choice which one to use.
If you want to solve this problem using a channel, you can follow this approach:
// in a class that implements View<State, Action>
// (usually your activity or fragment)
private val actionChannel = Channel<Action>()
private val adapter = MyAdapter(actionChannel)
// call this when the view is inflated
fun setupUi() {
with(recyclerView) { // ...
adapter =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>}
swipeRefreshLayout.setOnRefreshListener {
actionChannel.offer(Action.LoadUsers)
}
}
override fun render(state: State) // ...
override fun actions() = actionChannel.consumeAsFlow()
override fun onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy()
actionChannel.close()
}
And your adapter looks like this:
class UserRecyclerViewAdapter(
private val sendChannel: SendChannel<MainView.Action>
) {
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
// inflate row
return ViewHolder().apply {
row.findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener {
val user = users[adapterPosition]
sendChannel.offer(Action.Button2(user))
}
}
}
}
Pros:
-
Easier to allow different classes emit values into the flow
-
No need for mutable, nullable, or late init properties
Cons:
- Need to take care of closing the channel
Using a third party library
You can also use another library to create a flow from the user actions. FlowBinding is one example and you might find others.
// in a class that implements View<State, Action>
val flow1: Flow<Actions> = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button)
.clicks()
.map { Actions.Proceed}
val flow2: Flow<Actions> = findViewById<Button>(R.id.checkbox)
.checkedChanges()
.map { checked -> Actions.DoMore(checked) }
override fun actions() = merge(flow1,flow2)
Pros:
-
Library provides useful bindings
-
You might be used to this pattern if you used RxBindings
Cons:
- You might still need some custom handling for something that doesn’t fit any binding provided by the library
Which option should I use
We have shown three different ways to implement your flow. All three are valid options and have different tradeoffs as we saw. If by now you have a preferred way to do it, we suggest you apply it and don’t finish reading this paragraph. If you are still reading this, we suggest you give a shot to callback flow.


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