| < Day Day Up > |
10.5 Network SecurityWe'd love to say simply, "Don't ever put a MySQL server on the Internet." Period. End of story. But the fact is that you may need to have a MySQL server that is accessible on the Internet. To help keep your server secure, we'll look at several techniques you can use to limit its exposure. Even if your server is used only on an internal network at your organization, there are steps you should take to keep data away from prying eyes. After all, some of the most serious security threats in a company come from the inside, not Joe Random Hacker. Keep in mind that this information is only a starting point in the process of ensuring your MySQL servers are well protected. There are numerous good network security books available, including Building Internet Firewalls by Elizabeth D. Zwicky, Simon Cooper, D. Brent Chapman, and TCP/IP Network Administration by Craig Hunt, both from O'Reilly. If you're serious about network security, do yourself a favor and pick up a book on the topic (after you finish this one!). As with operating-system security, having a third-party audit of your network can be quite helpful in spotting weaknesses before they are exploited. 10.5.1 Localhost-Only ConnectionsIf your MySQL server is used in an application that resides on the same host (common with small and mid-sized web sites), there's a good chance you won't need to allow any access to MySQL over the network. By eliminating the need to accept external connections, you dramatically reduce the number of ways in which a hacker can get data from your MySQL server. Disabling network access limits your ability to make administrative changes remotely (add users, rotate logs, etc.). So you'll need to either log in to the MySQL server using SSH or install a web-based application that allows you to make those changes. The remote login requirement can be difficult on some Windows systems, but there are other remote-access alternatives on the market. One solution to the problem might be to install phpMyAdmin (discussed in Appendix C). The skip-networking option tells MySQL not to listen on any TCP socket. It will, however, listen for connections on a Unix socket. Starting MySQL without networking support can be accomplished using the following very simple command: $ mysqld_safe --skip-networking You can instead put the skip-networking option in the [mysqld] section of your my.cnf file: [mysqld] skip-networking No matter which option you use, the result is the same. MySQL won't accept any TCP connections.[6]
10.5.2 FirewallingAs with any other network-based service, it is important that you allow connections only from authorized hosts. As we showed earlier, you can use MySQL's GRANT command to restrict the hosts from which users can connect, but it's a good idea to have a dual protection. By filtering connections at the network level using a firewall, you gain additional security.[7]
Having multiple ways to filter connections means that a single mistake, such as a typo in a GRANT command, won't allow connections from unauthorized hosts. In many organizations, network security is administered by a group of people that is separate from those developing applications. This further helps reduce the possibility that a single person's change can expose a server. The most secure approach to use when firewalling a machine is to deny all connections by default. Then you can add rules that allow access to the few services that other hosts may need access to. For a system limited to providing a MySQL server, you should allow connections only to TCP port 3306 (MySQL's default) and possibly a remote login service such as SSH (typically on TCP port 22). <IP_ADDRESS> No default routeConsider not having a default route configured on your firewalled MySQL servers. That way, even if the firewall configuration is compromised, and someone tries to contact your MySQL server from the outside, the packets will never get back to them. They'll never leave your local network. Let's say your MySQL server is <IP_ADDRESS>, and the local network has a <IP_ADDRESS> netmask. In this configuration, any packet from <IP_ADDRESS>/24 is considered "local" because it can be reached directly via the attached network interface (probably eth0 or the host operating system's equivalent). Traffic from any other address would have to be directed to a gateway to reach its final destination, and since there is no default route, there is no way for those packets to find their gateway and get to their destination. If you must allow a select few outside hosts to access your otherwise firewalled server, add static routes for those hosts. Doing so ensures that the server responds to as few outside hosts as possible. 10.5.3 MySQL in a DMZSimply firewalling MySQL servers often isn't secure enough for some installations. If one of your web or application servers is compromised, an attacker could use the server to attack a MySQL server directly. Once the attacker has access to a single computer on the firewalled network, she has relatively unrestricted access to all the other servers on that network.[8]
By moving the MySQL servers to their own separate network segment that isn't accessible from the outside, you can greatly improve security. For instance, imagine a LAN containing the web or other application servers and a firewall. Behind the firewall, on a different physical network segment and a different logical subnet, is one or more MySQL servers. The application servers have restricted access to the MySQL servers: all of their traffic must first pass through the firewall, which can be configured in a very restrictive way. Taking things a step further, you can argue that the application servers should be either in the DMZ or in their own separate DMZ. Is that going too far? Maybe. As is always the case in security matters, you may need to trade security for convenience and should be aware of the risks you're taking in doing so. 10.5.4 Connection Encryption and TunnelingAny time you need to communicate with a MySQL server across a network that is public (such as the Internet) or otherwise open to traffic sniffing (many wireless networks), consider using some form of encryption. By doing so, you can make it far more difficult for anyone who might try to intercept the connection and either sniff or spoof the data. As an added benefit, many encryption algorithms result in a compressed data stream. So not only is your data more secure, but you're also better using the available network bandwidth. While this discussion is focused on a client accessing a MySQL server, the client could be another MySQL server. This is common when using MySQL's built-in replication. Each slave server connects to the master using the exact same protocol that normal MySQL clients use. <IP_ADDRESS> Virtual private networksA company with two or more offices in distant locations may set up a virtual private network (VPN) between them using a variety of technologies. A common solution is for the external routers at each office to encrypt all traffic destined for another office. In such a situation, there's little to worry about. All the traffic is already being encrypted as it is sent out over whichever public or private network happens to connect the offices. Does the existence of the VPN mean that there is no benefit to applying a MySQL-specific solution? Not necessarily. In the event that the VPN must be disabled for some reason, it would be nice if MySQL's network traffic remained secret. Also, there may be a benefit to restricting access to the data to prevent it from being viewed by the prying eyes of the network administrator, who can easily watch it flow across the network, if he so desired. <IP_ADDRESS> SSL in MySQLAs of Version 4.1, MySQL has native support for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)—the same technology that keeps your credit card number safe when you're buying books on Amazon or airline tickets on your favorite travel site. Specifically, MySQL uses the freely available OpenSSL library. Unfortunately, the binary versions of MySQL that ship with most Linux distributions (and those available for download from the MySQL.com web site) don't have SSL enabled by default.[9] To check your server, simply inspect the value of the have_openssl variable:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'have_openssl'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | have_openssl | NO | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) If it says NO, you'll need to compile your own MySQL server. If it says YES, whole new levels of security in database access are opened to the administrator, depending on the security needs of your particular application. At its most basic, you may wish to allow only encrypted sessions, relying on the SSL protocol to protect the user's password. You can require a user to connect via SSL using optional arguments to the GRANT command: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to 'raymond'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" REQUIRE SSL; That GRANT, however, doesn't place any restrictions on the SSL certificate being used by the connecting client. As long as the client and the MySQL server can negotiate an SSL session, the validity of the client certificate won't be checked. Minimal checking of the client certificate can be performed by using the REQUIRE x509 option: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to raymond@% -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" REQUIRE x509; This requires that the client certificate be at least verifiable against the CA certificates the MySQL server has been set up to recognize. One step up might be to permit only a specific client certificate to access the database. You can do that using the REQUIRE SUBJECT syntax: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to 'raymond'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" -> REQUIRE SUBJECT "/C=US/ST=New York/L=Albany/O=Widgets Inc./CN=client-ray<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Maybe you don't care specifically what client license is used, but only that it be one issued using your organization's CA certificate. In this case, you might use the REQUIRE ISSUER syntax to do something like the following: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to 'raymond'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" -> REQUIRE ISSUER "/C=US/ST=New+20York/L=Albany/O=Widgets Inc./CN=cacert.example<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For the ultimate in authentication, you can require both the issuer and subject to be predefined values, requiring Raymond to use the specific certificate issued using your organization's CA certificate, for example, by combining the two syntaxes: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to 'raymond'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" -> REQUIRE SUBJECT "/C=US/ST=New York/L=Albany/O=Widgets Inc./CN=client-ray<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-> AND ISSUER "/C=US/ST=New+20York/L=Albany/O=Widgets Inc./CN=cacert.example.com/<EMAIL_ADDRESS>One other minor SSL-related option is the CIPHER requirement option, which allows the administrator to permit only "trusted" (strong) encryption ciphers to be used. SSL is cipher-independent, and the potentially strong SSL encryption can be invalidated if a really weak cipher is used to protect the data being transferred. You can restrict the choice of protocols to a set you consider to be secure by issuing a command like the following: mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ssl_only_db.* to 'raymond'@'%' -> IDENTIFIED BY "FooBar!" -> REQUIRE CIPHER "EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA"; It should be noted that managing individual client certificates may seem like excellent security, but it can be an administrative nightmare. When you create a client certificate, you have to assign it an expiration date, preferably something not too long in duration. You want it to be long enough in life so that you're not constantly having to regenerate a new certificate, but short enough in life that if the certificate holder leaves the company, or the certificate falls into the hands of a hostile entity, it doesn't give them access to your data forever. In a small environment of a couple of employees, it may be very easy to keep track of individual certificate ownership. When your organization scales upward to hundreds or thousands of employees with certificates, keeping track of which certificates expire when and making sure that client certificates don't expire before they've been replaced can become quite cumbersome. For some organizations this problem is solved using a combination of REQUIRE ISSUER and a series of monthly client certificates that are distributed via a trusted distribution path, such as a company intranet. Clients can download and connect to the MySQL server using certificates that are good for a month or two. This way, if an employee loses access to the company intranet, or a partner is no longer given access to the monthly key, then even if the administrator isn't told to remove their access, their ability to connect naturally expires in a predetermined schedule. <IP_ADDRESS> SSH tunnelingIf you're using an older version of MySQL or simply don't want to hassle with setting up SSL support, consider using SSH instead. If you use Linux or Unix, there's a good chance you're already using SSH to log in to remote machines.[10] What a lot of people don't know is that SSH can be used to establish an encrypted tunnel between two hosts.
SSH tunneling is best illustrated with an example. Let's suppose that we want an encrypted connection from a Linux workstation to the MySQL server running on db.example.com. On the workstation, you execute the following command:[11]
$ ssh -N -f -L 4406:db.example.com:3306 This establishes a tunnel between TCP port 4406 on the workstation and port 3306 on db.example.com. You could connect to MySQL through the tunnel from the workstation by doing this: $ mysql -h <IP_ADDRESS> -P 4406 SSH is a very powerful tool that can do far more than this simple example illustrates. We suggest reading O'Reilly's SSH, The Secure Shell: The Definitive Guide by Daniel J. Barrett and Richard E. Silverman if you'd like to learn more about SSH. 10.5.5 TCP WrappersMySQL can be compiled with support for TCP wrappers on Unix systems. If a full-blown firewall isn't an option, TCP wrappers provide a basic level of defense. You'll gain additional control over which hosts MySQL will or will not talk to without having to change your grant tables. To use TCP wrappers, you need to build MySQL from source and pass the --with-libwrap option to configure so that it will know where to find the proper header files on your operating system: $ ./configure --with-libwrap=/usr/local/tcp_wrappers Assuming you have an entry in your /etc/hosts.deny file that denies all connections by default: # deny all connections ALL: ALL you can explicitly add MySQL to your /etc/hosts.allow file: # allow mysql connections from hosts on the local network mysqld: <IP_ADDRESS>/<IP_ADDRESS> : allow The only other catch is that you need an appropriate entry in /etc/services for MySQL. If you don't already have one, add a line such as the following: mysql 3306/tcp # MySQL Server Of course, if you are running MySQL on a nonstandard port, use that number instead of 3306. 10.5.6 Automatic Host BlockingMySQL provides some help in preventing network-based attacks. If MySQL notices too many bad connections (those that don't result in a valid MySQL session) from a particular host, it starts blocking connections from that host. The server variable max_connection_errors determines how many bad connections MySQL will allow before it begins blocking. When a host is blocked, MySQL records in the error log a message that looks like this: Host 'host.badguy.com' blocked because of many connection errors. Unblock with 'mysqladmin flush-hosts' As that message indicates, you can use the mysqladmin flush-hosts command to unblock the host, presumably after you have figured out why that host was having problems connecting and have addressed whatever issue is relevant. The mysqladmin flush_hosts command simply executes a FLUSH HOSTS SQL command, which empties MySQL's host cache tables. The result is that all blocked hosts are unblocked; there's no way to unblock a single host. If you find that this becomes a common problem for some reason, you can set the max_connection_errors variable to a relatively high number to avoid the problem. $ mysqld_safe -O max_connection_errors=999999999 It's currently not possible to set max_connection_errors to zero and disable the check entirely. The only way to do that is to remove the check from the source code. |
| < Day Day Up > |


Intranasal vs. Oral
Thursday: I obtain 300 mg morphine sulfate, in the form of MS Contin time release 60 mg tablets. They are orange and read E 655 on one side and 60 on the other.
First Dose: 20 mg are crushed, and mixed into tap water. I wait one half hour and drink. After 45 mins, some effects are noticed. I would say this is a 'threshold' dose.
After seeing various newspaper articles on the trials of a new intranasal form of morphine, here is what I learned:
*** 'With intranasal delivery, morphine is absorbed directly into the systemic circulation, bypassing problems that occur with oral administration, including the removal of therapeutic quantities from the bloodstream by the gastrointestinal metabolism and liver. In contrast, plasma concentrations of a nasally administered drug often resemble those seen with injectable dosage forms, prompting fast onset of therapeutic effect and painless therapy.' ***
So the next day, I crush 20 mg and snort. Immediately I feel a 'thickness' in my head, very odd sensation, similar to that of Ambien.
T :30: I begin to feel a pleasent rush, very similar to that of hydrocodone, very slight itching around my face and limbs, and a strong urge to walk around. Very sociable...
T 1:00: By now the MSC is rushing through my veins. I take 200mg of caffeine to avoid unwanted drowsiness. I put in some music and sit down. Playing guitar and writing is quite enjoyable... great sense of ease, and mild sedation.
All in all a good experience. I hope this information is helpful to anyone who is thinking about giving morhpine a try. I would say Intranasal over Oral. But be cautious, MS Contin does come in large doses, just like OxyContin.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


AMAs arrivals: Taylor Swift, Selena Gomez and Lizzo nail the red carpet
The American Music Awards took place on Sunday night in Los Angeles and the stars of the music biz were out in full force.
It was definitely going to be a night to remember with the likes of Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello performing, as well as Lizzo, Post Malone, Travis Scott and Ozzy Osbourne taking to the stage and Taylor Swift being honoured with the Artist of the Decade prize.
But, before all the action took place on stage, it all went down on the red carpet where Swifty was just one of the famous faces leading the glamour.
She totally slayed on her arrival in thigh-high boots and a glittering green dress that had a NSFW slit to one side.
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Brushing off her ongoing feud with Scooter Braun – the latest saw Taylor accuse Scooter of banning her from performing her old songs at the AMAs after buying her back catalogue, Taylor favoured natural make up and her hair styled to one side.
She was joined by her BFF Selena Gomez, who recently marked her musical comeback with new track Love You To Lose Me – a break up ballad which is heavily rumoured to be about her ex Justin Bieber.
And Gomez definitely came to play, as she stepped out sporting a chic bob hair cut and a neon yellow strapless mini dress.
Selena had opened the AMAs with a powerful performance of her new hit and another track called Look At Her Now and it marked her first live TV performance in two years.
Also performing on the night had been Lizzo, who rocked up to the red carpet with what you could probably say is the world’s tiniest handbag.
The singer casually posed for pics on her arrival holding her teeny tiny accessory which arguably outshone her one-shouldered ruffled orange number. Seriously, what can she fit in it?
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During her red carpet interview, Lizzo revealed there are only three of the little handbags in the world.
As for what she packed for the evening, the singer joked: ‘I got tampons in here, a flask of tequila, condoms.’
Lols.
Post Malone was flying the flag for the male music stars and chose to attend the AMAs in a bold, two-piece checked suit and cowboy hat.
Looking sharp, he later picked up the award for Favourite Album Rap/Hip Hop for his release, Hollywood Bleeding.
Other red carpet arrivals included a very glam Heidi Klum, Dua Lipa and her boyfriend Anwar Hadid and show host Ciara, who dazzled in blue.
Christina Aguilera and Billie Eilish fought it out for most bizarre outfit choice on the night with their striking get-ups and Jenna Dewan looked simply divine as she showed off her baby bump in a fuchsia pink floor-length dress.
She is expecting a baby with her boyfriend of one year, Steve Kazee.
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Real life lovebirds Shawn Mendes and Camila Cabello decided to shun a PDA-filled arrival to the AMAs and instead rocked up separately, with Shawn looking sharp in a purple suit blazer and trousers, while Camila looked like a princess in a nude gown.
So much glam. So much talent. If only we could have bagged an invite, eh?
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


int sqlsrv_rows_affected ( resource $stmt )
Returns the number of rows modified by the last INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query executed. For information about the number of rows returned by a SELECT query, see sqlsrv_num_rows().
Returns the number of rows affected by the last INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE query. If no rows were affected, 0 is returned. If the number of affected rows cannot be determined, -1 is returned. If an error occured, FALSE is returned.


1. First we write Code and then we write test cases for testing
2. First we write Test Case and then we write the code accordingly to all the test case.
3. Testing Team doing the testing is Test Driven Development
4. All the above
2. First we write Test Case and then we write the code accordingly to all the test case
1. Testing is the process of checking the functionality of the application whether it is working as per requirements.
2. Testing is the testing of single entity (class or method).
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct
4. Both 1 and 2 are wrong
2. Testing is the testing of single entity (class or method).
1. @Test
2. @Before
3. @After
4. @BeforeClass
1. @Test
1. String getNameOfTestSuite()
2. String getTestName()
3. String getName()
4. String getTestSuite()
3. String getName()
1.Creational Design Pattern
2. Structural Design Pattern
3. Behavioral Design Pattern
4. None of the above
1. Creational Design Pattern
1. should have responsibility over a single part of the functionality provided by the software
2. should have responsibility over a additional part of the functionality provided by the software;
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct
4. Both 1 and 2 are wrong
1. should have responsibility over a single part of the functionality provided by the software
1. Is open for extension
2. But closed for modification
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct
4. Both 1 and 2 are wrong
3. Both 1 and 2 are correct
1. Liskov Substitution Principle
2. Open close principle
3. Interface Segregation Principle
4. None of the above
1. Liskov Substitution Principle


{% extends 'v2/pages/article_layout.html' %} {% block article %} Anytime that you would prefer to view a page in German, add a /de to the page that you are on currently viewing. For Spanish, add a /es .


{% extends 'pages/home.html' %} {% block content %}
You have signed up for the mailing list and are invited to try TaxBrain!


Did you know that you can queue-up several actions for a single unit by holding down the CTRL key while giving orders?


nape.geom.MatMN
- type
- class
- metadata
- :final
A general MxN dimensional matrix.
This object is not often used in Nape :)
Constructor
- parameters
rows
The number of rows in matrix.
cols
The number of columns in matrix.
- returns
- The constructed Matrix.
- throws
#
If rows or columns is negative or 0.
Instance Methods
- parameters
matrix
The matrix to multiple with.
- returns
- The result of the multiplication
- throws
If
matrix dimensions are not compatible.
- parameters
row
The row of the matrix to set.
col
The column of the matrix to set.
x
The value to set at given (row,col) index.
- returns
- The value of matrix at given index after set. (Always equal to the x parameter)
- throws
#
If index is out of range.
- returns
- The transposed matrix.
- parameters
row
The row of the matrix to access.
col
the column of the matrix to access.
- returns
- The element at given (row,col) index.
- throws
#
If access is out of range.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Password change | {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Please enter your old password, for security's sake, and then enter your new password twice so we can verify you typed it in correctly.
{% endblock %}


[%- INCLUDE head.html -%]
[%- INCLUDE body_top.html -%]
[% config.sitename %]
Groups
Users
Source code for this website is available on
svn://svn.mageia.org/svn/soft/mgapeople/
.


A standard accordion
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.
A styled accordion adds basic formatting
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.
An accordion can take up the width of its container
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.
An accordion can be formatted to appear on dark backgrounds
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.
An accordion can have multiple levels of nested content. This content can either be in a nested accordion
or simply another level of title
and content
Level 1A Contents
Level 1A-A Content
Level 1A-B Content
Level 1B Contents
Level 1C Contents
Level 2 Content
An accordion normally triggers when its title is clicked. However you can change the trigger selector to specify an element inside a title to use as an activator
A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
There are many breeds of dogs. Each breed varies in size and temperament. Owners often select a breed of dog that they find to be compatible with their own lifestyle and desires from a companion.
Three common ways for a prospective owner to acquire a dog is from pet shops, private owners, or shelters.
A pet shop may be the most convenient way to buy a dog. Buying a dog from a private owner allows you to assess the pedigree and upbringing of your dog before choosing to take it home. Lastly, finding your dog from a shelter, helps give a good home to a dog who may not find one so readily.
An accordion can be used anywhere where content can be shown or hidden. For example, to show optional form fields.
An accordion can be used to create content drawers inside a menu


Job details
#
Job name
Received date
Contact
Address
Homepage
Mail
{{$index}}
{{jobDetail.name}}
{{jobDetail.contactPerson}}
{{jobDetail.address}}
{{jobDetail.homepage}}
{{jobDetail.applicationMail}}
Link


Performance¶
Version <IP_ADDRESS> for version 1.10 of the CF conventions.
Memory¶
When a dataset is read using cfdm.read
, lazy loading is employed for all
data arrays, which means that no data is read into memory until the
data is required for inspection or to modify the array contents. This
maximises the number of field constructs
that may be read within a session, and makes the read operation
fast. If a subspace of data still in the file is
requested then only that subspace is read into memory. These
behaviours are inherited from the netCDF4 python package.
When an instance is copied with its copy
method, all data are
copied with a copy-on-write technique. This means
that a copy takes up very little memory, even when the original data
comprises a very large array in memory, and the copy operation is
fast.
In-place operations¶
Some methods that create new a instance have an option to perform the
operation in-place, rather than creating a new independent object. The
in-place operation can be considerably faster. These methods have the
inplace
keyword parameter, such as the squeeze
,
transpose
, insert_dimension
, compress
, and
uncompress
methods of a field construct.
For example, in one particular test, transposing the data dimensions of the field construct was ~10 times faster when done in-place, compared with creating a new independent field construct:
>>> import timeit
>>> import cfdm
>>> f = cfdm.example_field(0)
>>> print(f)
Field: specific_humidity (ncvar%q)
----------------------------------
Data : specific_humidity(latitude(5), longitude(8)) 1
Cell methods : area: mean
Dimension coords: latitude(5) = [-75.0, ..., 75.0] degrees_north
: longitude(8) = [22.5, ..., 337.5] degrees_east
: time(1) = [2019-01-01 00:00:00]
>>> min(timeit.repeat('g = f.transpose()',
... globals=globals(), number=1000))
1.2819487630004005
>>> min(timeit.repeat('f.transpose(inplace=True)',
... globals=globals(), number=1000))
0.13453567200122052


REPORT: Philip Rivers Unlikely To Return To Chargers In 2020
by Darrelle LincolnPhilip Rivers is having one of the worst years of his career in a season that began with high expectations due to what they accomplished during the 2018 season.
With every loss, with every thrown interception, speculation continues to grow that the 2019 season will likely be his last with the franchise.
There is a “very real chance” the Chargers could part ways with Rivers following the season, according to Jason La Canfora of CBS Sports.
“Multiple people in that organization say they expect the parting of the ways in 2020. You mention the age, the contract, they’ve had no contract talks. None are expected. Jim, you live in that area. They are marketing to Inglewood, fighting the Rams for that market. Philip lives in San Diego, hasn’t really embraced the move. That has grated on some people in that organization.”
As of right now, the Chargers don’t exactly have a plan in place to replace Rivers, with Tyrod Taylor currently serving as a backup and clearly not the answer at QB they need.
If the team continues on their losing ways, they just might have a chance to get a QB in the 2020 NFL Draft.


Rental car maintenance schedule solver
Generate the optimal schedule for your maintenance staff.
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