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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM WP(C).No. 38385 of 2010(W) 1. V.I.ITOOP, VAZHAPILLY HOUSE, ... Petitioner Vs 1. KERALA STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD, ... Respondent 2. KUZHUR GRAMA PANCHAYATH, 3. VARKEY, PARASSERY HOUSE, For Petitioner :SRI.VIJU ABRAHAM For Respondent :SRI.M.K.CHANDRAMOHAN DAS,SC,POLL.C.BOAR The Hon'ble MR. Justice C.T.RAVIKUMAR Dated :27/06/2011 O R D E R C.T.RAVIKUMAR, J. ---------------------------- W.P.(C)Nos.38385 of 2010, 1450 & 3174 of 2011 ---------------------------- Dated 27th June, 2011 JUDGMENT
Common issues posed for consideration in these writ petitions and therefore, they were heard jointly and are being disposed of by this common judgment. For the sake of convenience, W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 is taken as the leading case and the documents are being referred to in this judgment in the order they are set out in the said writ petition unless otherwise specifically mentioned. The petitioner, on the strength of Ext.P1 licence, started a fire brick manufacturing unit by name `Vazhappilly Bircks'. Ext.P2 is the consent to operate issued by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board. The third respondent filed Ext.P3 complaint before the Ombudsman for Local Self Government Institutions mainly alleging that the said unit of the petitioner is functioning without any statutory licence and consent. W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 has been filed challenging Ext.P5 order. Ext.P5 is virtually a stop memo issued by the second respondent directing the petitioner to stop all activities in the petitioner's unit. According to the petitioner, it was issued in terms of Exts.P4 and P6 orders. It is the contention of the petitioner that Exts.P4 and P6 were issued on the premise that the petitioner is functioning without a valid licence. Therefore, it is contended that the said orders WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 2 cannot be relied on to issue a stop memo to the petitioner as the unit belonging to the petitioner is being operated on the strength of a valid licence.
2. W.P.(C)Nos.1450 and 3174 of 2011 are filed by two persons who are residing near the brick kiln belonging to the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010. The petitioner in W.P.(C)No.1450 of 2011, contends that the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 viz., the first respondent in the said writ petition is operating the brick kiln in violation of the circulars issued by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board and without obtaining sanction under the Environment Protection Act and Prevention of Air Pollution Act. The prayer in the said writ petition is for issuance of a writ of mandamus commanding respondents 2 to 6 therein to ensure that the first respondent is not conducting the brick kiln without obtaining sanctions under the Environment Protection Act and Prevention of Air Pollution Act and for such other reliefs. In W.P.(C) No.3174 of 2011, the petitioner seeks issuance of a writ of mandamus commanding the second respondent therein viz., Kuzhur Grama Panchayat to ensure that the first respondent therein is not conducting the brick kiln in violation of Ext.P5 order of the Ombudsman. Ext.P5 in W.P.(C)No.3174 of 2011 is an order passed on Ext.P3 complaint in W.P. (C)No.38385 of 2010.
WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 3
3. The grievance of the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.1450 of 2011 to the extent that the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 viz., the first respondent therein is conducting the brick kiln without obtaining the requisite licence from the Kuzhur Grama Panchayat and without obtaining consent to operate from the Kerala State Pollution Control Board are not true to facts in view of Exts.P1 and P2 in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010. As already noticed hereinbefore, the petitioner in W.P.(C) No.38385 of 2010, who is the first respondent in the other writ petitions, started the brick manufacturing unit in question on the strength of Ext.P1 licence dated 19.4.2010. Ext.P2 is the consent to operate issued by the Kerala State Pollution Control Board. When that be the admitted position, the allegation that the the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 is conducting the brick kiln without the requisite licence and consent to operate from the Pollution Control Board is bereft of any basis.
4. As already noticed hereinbefore, the third respondent in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 filed Ext.P3 complaint before the Ombudsman for Local Self Government Institutions. Obviously, in the said complaint a direction was issued to the Deputy Director of Panchayats to conduct an inspection into the premises where the petitioner is conducting the brick kiln in question and to submit a report. The said report has been WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 4 produced as Ext.P1 in W.P.(C)No.1450 of 2011 and Ext.P4 in W.P.(C) No.3174 of 2011. I am of the view that for the disposal of these writ petitions the said report as also Ext.R1(d) order of the Ombudsman assume relevance. The contentions in the other writ petitions as also the counter affidavit filed by the Panchayat and the Pollution Control Board would reveal that on account of the ill-functioning of the brick kiln in question the nearby residents are facing pollution and nuisance. The degree of the nuisance as also pollution have been elaborately explained by the Deputy Director of Panchayats in his report referred to as Ext.P1 in W.P.(C)No.1450 of 2011. Since I have already found, based on the relevant documents produced in these writ petitions, that the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 possessed the requisite licence from the Panchayat and consent to operate from the Pollution Control Board, the question to be considered is whether there is any substance in the contention of the respondents regarding the degree of pollution and nuisance being caused on account of the functioning of the brick kiln. It is also to be looked into whether the petitioner is conducting the said unit in such a manner to cause health hazards. It is in that context Ext.P1 referred to in W.P.(C)No.1450 of 2011 assumes relevance. The relevant portion in Ext.P1 report reads thus:-
"
.
WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 5 , , .
, .
. ..
.  WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 6 . . 25 . , . . . . 25/04/2007 . L . ' ' , . . , V . , , , . 2 . WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 7 16/03/2010- ! . .. . 03/12/2010- ."
A perusal of Ext.P1 that is, the report of the Deputy Director of Panchayats would thus reveal that indiscreet excavation made by the petitioner has adversely affected the water table in the locality besides causing air and water pollution. That apart, it is reported therein that about 25 families including children and women are engaged in the manufacturing of bricks in the brick kiln belonging to the petitioner and they are not even provided with hygienic circumstances even to answer the call of nature. The way of living itself is a source of pollution and a cause for nuisance. In fact, all those aspects have been specifically detailed in Ext.P1. Ext.R1(d) is the order of the Ombudsman dated 20.12.2010 in Complaint No.1656/2010. I am of the view that this document assumes relevance for the purpose of disposal of these writ petitions. It would reveal that the petitioner entered appearance in the proceedings before the Ombudsman. The petitioner has stated before the Ombudsman that he is proposing to take the remedial measures as WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 8 suggested by the Environmental Engineer attached to the Pollution Control Board. In view of the said submission made before the Ombudsman the Ombudsman directed the petitioner to intimate the Environmental Engineer attached to the Pollution Control Board the steps taken to abate and avert the pollution and nuisance and the Engineer was, in turn, directed to conduct an inspection into the premises wherein the petitioner is conducting the brick kiln with notice to the petitioner.
The Secretary of the Panchayat was directed to consider the question of withdrawal of the stop memo on receipt of the report from the Environmental Engineer attached to the Pollution Control Board. I am of the view that the said direction issued by the Ombudsman especially in the light of the report submitted before the Ombudsman by the Deputy Director of Panchayats cannot be said to be uncalled for. In fact, the said direction issued by the Ombudsman is not only proper but prophylactic as well in the facts and circumstances of this case. The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that since the petitioner is running the brick manufacturing unit on the strength of the licence issued by the Panchayat and also on the strength of the consent to operate issued by the Pollution Control Board, there is no reason to interfere with its functioning. At the same time, it is to be noted that the state of affairs depicted by Ext.P1 report of the Deputy Director of WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 9 Panchayats cannot go unnoticed. If the state of affairs reported by the Deputy Director of Panchayats is a true reflection of the situation it certainly calls for immediate attention by the competent authority. True that, the right of the petitioner to conduct brick kiln on the strength of the requisite licence and consent to operate after complying with the directions from the competent authorities also has to be recognized. However, that cannot outweigh the right of the people of the locality to have health and hygienic surroundings to live on. In view of the said position obtained in these cases, I do not think it necessary to consider the other contentions raised in these writ petitions independently.
5. As already noticed, the contention of the petitioner in W.P. (C)No.38385 of 2010 is that he is conducting the unit on the strength of valid permit and consent to operate and the contentions of the respondents regarding the pollution is absolutely without any basis. Per contra, it is the contention of the respondents and the petitioners in the other writ petitions that on account of the ill-functioning of the manufacturing unit the life of the residents in the locality is virtually reduced to limbus. Prima facie the said contention cannot be said to be without any substance in the light of the report of the Deputy Director of Panchayats. In the said circumstances, these writ petitions are disposed of with a direction to the Environmental Engineer attached to the District WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 10 Office, Thrissur of the Pollution Control Board and also the District Medical Officer, Thrissur to conduct inspection into the premises wherein the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010 is conducting the fire bricks manufacturing unit by name `Vazhappilly Bircks' with notice to the petitioner, the party respondents viz., the petitioners in the other writ petitions and also the Panchayat and to prepare and submit reports to the Secretary of the Kuzhur Grama Panchayat regarding the degree of pollution, nuisance and health hazard etc. This shall be done within three weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this judgment. They may also specifically state in their reports as to the remedial measures, if any, to be taken by the petitioner in W.P.(C)No.38385 of 2010. On receiving such reports from the said authorities, the Secretary of the Kuzhur Grama Panchayat shall consider the question whether the application of the petitioner for renewal of licence should be favourably considered or not. Needless to say that renewal can be granted subject to the said reports and only if the petitioner takes all remedial measures, if any, suggested by the said authorities. The Secretary of the Panchayat shall take such a decision subject to the observations in the reports within two weeks from the date of receipt of such reports. Even in case the Secretary of the Panchayat renewed the licence as requested by the petitioner, it will be open to the Environmental Engineer to conduct WP(C).No.38385/2010 & connected cases 11 revisit to ascertain and ensure proper functioning of unit without emanating pollution.
All the writ petitions are disposed of accordingly.
Sd/-
C.T.RAVIKUMAR Judge TKS


De Jong: Better than Busquets & Arthur? I like that the analysis is positive
The midfielder has spoken about the start to his career at Barcelona
by Sport.esFrenkie de Jong has looked back on his first few months with Barcelona in an interview with Fox Sports while back in the Netherlands on international duty.
The Dutch midfielder is optimistic about the future and grateful for all the praise he has received since moving to Camp Nou for 75 million euros in the summer.
De Jong laughed when it was suggested he's now the main midfielder, ahead of Sergio Busquets and Arthur Melo: "Haha. I don't know... the newspapers can exaggerate. To be honest I don't pay much attention to all that, but of course, I like that the analysis on me is positive."
He added that playing in different midfield positions has accelerated his adaption to the team: "I am playing in all the positions in midfield. Sometimes as a No.6, other times on the left, sometimes on the right. The important thing is to play, the more games the better, because it accelerates the connection with the players around you."
De Jong avoided making a controversial comment when it was suggested some of the Barça players are not in the best shape physically at the moment.
"Maybe that's your impression," he said. "I am doing great at Barça and I want to keep improving. I hope at the end of the season we're able to look back on a great campaign."


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Github
BT
DNI
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The fastest Javascript Spanish DNI (NIE / NIF) validation out there.
npm i better-dni
Created by
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Created by Ashkan & Sam
Use your mouse to catch the moving squares with the white squares and the moving circles with the white circles. Remember that you'll lose everytime you hit the wrong object. Are you ready?


Trooper is open only to male Kamael. At this stage, Kamael men must choose whether they wish to develop strength of spirit or body.
The dark power hidden within can be controlled and managed to achieve success in battle.
The Ancient Swords and Rapiers used are necessary for learning advanced skills at this level of expertise.
Ask about how to become a Trooper.
Back.


Ruby Methods and Enumerables!!
The terms public, private and protected, apply to classes in other progamming languages such as java, and object c. HOWEVER in ruby they are a horse of a different color, they pretain to methods though their use is still the same, they are used to declare visability. We will be going over what they do, and how to use them. All three of them. so settle in so we can get this thing started.
Private Methods
A private method cannot be called with an explicit receiver. In other words by making a method private, you can only make it so it can call on itself to give itself directions. It cannot recieve any directions outside of the class.
Protected Methods
A protected method is sort of like a private method, only not as locked up. You can call a protected method on an object as long as the default object is an instance of the same class.
Public Methods
A public method is set by default, if you do not declare that a method is either public or protected this is whatcha get. They are really common in the scope of ruby programming and most of the messages that you send to objects are called public methods.
Enumerables!
And now we come to the last, but not least bullet point for this blog, enumerables. Now bare with me here this is going to get complicated. Enumerables provide a set of methods to traverse, search, sort and manipulate collections. It's kinda like a loop.


About DevOps Essentials on AWS
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course you will be able to -
- Describe the principles and practices of DevOps on AWS.
- Design solution architectures using AWS Developer and Management Tools (e.g. CloudFormation, CodePipeline, CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, CodeStar, etc.).
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application on EC2 instances using AWS Developer Tools.
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application using OpsWorks and AWS Developer Tools.
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application using Elastic Beanstalk and AWS Developer Tools.
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application using EC2 Container Service and AWS Developer Tools.
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application using a serverless architecture and AWS Developer Tools.
- Create a deployment pipeline for this course's web application using AWS CodeStar.
- Describe an ideal DevOps state for a software application/service and team.


Pants Contributors Guide
This page documents how to make contributions to Pants. If you've developed a change to Pants, it passes all tests, and you'd like to "send it upstream", here's what to do:
Questions, Issues, Bug Reports
See How To Ask
Join the Conversation
Join the pants-devel Google Group to keep in touch with other pants developers.
Join the pantsbuild Slack team and hop on the
#general
channel for higher bandwidth questions and answers about hacking on
or using pants. You can send yourself an invite or ask for one
on the pants-devel Google group.
Watch the pantsbuild/pants Github project for notifications of new issues, etc.
Follow @pantsbuild on Twitter for occasional announcements.
Find out when the CI tests go red/green by adding your email address to .travis.yml.
Life of a Change
Let's walk through the process of making a change to pants. At a high level, the steps are:
- Identify the change you'd like to make (e.g.: fix a bug, add a feature).
- Get the code.
- Make your change on a branch.
- Get a code review.
- Commit your change to master.
Please note--despite being hosted on GitHub--we do not use pull requests to merge to master; we prefer to maintain a linear commit history and to do code reviews with Review Board. You will however need to create a Github pull request in order to kick off CI and test coverage runs.
Identify the change
It's a good idea to make sure the work you'll be embarking on is generally agreed to be in a useful direction for the project before getting too far along.
If there is a pre-existing github issue filed and un-assigned, feel free to grab it and ask any clarifying questions needed on pants-devel. If there is an issue you'd like to work on that's assigned and stagnant, please ping the assignee and finally pants-devel before taking over ownership for the issue.
If you have an idea for new work that's not yet been discussed on pants-devel, then start a conversation there to vet the proposal. Once the group agrees it's worth a spike you can file a github issue and assign it to yourself.
Getting Pants Source Code
If you just want to compile and look at the source code, the easiest way is to clone the repo.
$ git clone https://github.com/pantsbuild/pants
If you would like to start developing patches and contributing them back, you will want to create a fork of the repo using the instructions on github.com. With this setup, you can push branches and run Travis-CI before your change is committed.
If you've already cloned your repo without forking, you don't have to re-checkout your repo. First, create the fork on github. Make a note the clone url of your fork. Then run the following commands:
$ git remote remove origin $ git remote add origin <url-to-clone-your-fork> $ git remote add upstream https://github.com/pantsbuild/pants
After this change, git push
and git pull
will go to your fork. You
can get the latest changes from the pantsbuild/pants
repo's master
branch using the syncing a
fork instructions on
github.
Whether you've cloned the repo or your fork of the repo, you should setup the local pre-commit hooks to ensure your commits meet minimum compliance checks before pushing branches to ci:
$ ./build-support/bin/setup.sh
You can always run the pre-commit checks manually via:
$ ./build-support/bin/pre-commit.sh
Pro tip: If you want your local master branch to be an exact copy of
the pantsbuild/pants
repo's master branch, use these commands:
$ git co master $ git fetch upstream $ git reset --hard upstream/master
Making the Change
You might want to familiarize yourself with the Pants Internals, Pants Developers Guide, and the Pants Style Guide.
Create a new branch off master and make changes.
$ git checkout -b $FEATURE_BRANCH
Does your change alter Pants' behavior in a way users will notice? If so, then along with changing code...
- Consider updating the user documentation.
Run the CI Tests
Before posting a review but certainly before the branch ships you should run relevant tests. If you're not sure what those are, run all the tests.
Code Review
Now that your change is complete, post it for review. We use rbcommons.com
to host code reviews:
Posting the First Draft
Before posting your first review, you need to both subscribe to the pants-reviews Google Group and create an RBCommons account. Its critical that the email address you use for each of these is the same, and it's also recommended that you have that same email address registered as one of your email addresses with Github.
A special warning to @twitter.com
contributors: The twitter.com email domain does not permit
emails being sent on behalf of its members by RBCommons. As such, you should use a personal email
address or some other<EMAIL_ADDRESS>email address to subscribe to both RBCommons and
pants-reviews.
To create your RBCommons account, visit https://rbcommons.com/account/login/ and click "Create one now.". To sign up for<EMAIL_ADDRESS>just browse to https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/pants-reviews/join.
To set up local tools, run ./rbt help
. (./rbt
is a wrapper around
the usual RBTools rbt
script.) The first time this runs it will bootstrap: you'll see a lot of
building info.

Post your change for review:
$ ./rbt post -o -g
The first time you post
, rbt asks you to log in. Subsequent runs use
your cached login credentials.
This post
creates a new review, but does not yet publish it.
At the provided URL, there's a web form. To get your change reviewed, you must fill in the change description, reviewers, testing done, etc. To make sure it gets seen by the appropriate people and that they have the appropriate context, add:
pants-reviews
to the Groups field- Any specific pants committers who should review your change to the People field
- The pull request number from your Github pull request in the Bug field
- Your git branch name in the Branch field.
When the review looks good, publish it. An email will be sent to the
pants-reviews
mailing list and the reviewers will take a look. (For
your first review, double-check that the mail got sent; rbcommons tries
to "spoof" mail from you and it doesn't work for everybody's email
address. If your address doesn't work, you might want to use another
one.)
Note that while only committers are available to add in the People field, users with an rbcommons account may still post reviews if you provide them with a link manually or they see it in the google group.
Iterating
If reviewers have feedback, there might be a few iterations before finally getting a Ship It. As reviewers enter feedback, the rbcommons page updates; it should also send you mail (but sometimes its "spoof" fails).
If those reviews inspire you to change some code, great.  To update the code review with the new diff where
<RB_ID>
is a review number like 123
:
$ ./rbt post -o -r <RB_ID>
Look over the fields in the web form; perhaps some could use updating. Press the web form's Publish button.
If need a reminder of your review number, you can get a quick list with:
$ ./rbt status
r/1234 - Make pants go even faster
Commit Your Change
At this point you've made a change, had it reviewed and are ready to complete things by getting your change in master. (If you're not a committer, please ask one to do this section for you.)
$ cd /path/to/pants/repo $ ./build-support/bin/ci.sh $ git checkout master $ git pull $ ./rbt patch -c <RB_ID>
Here, ensure that the commit message generated from the review summary
is accurate, and that the resulting commit contains the changes you
expect. (If rbt
gives mysterious errors, pass --debug
for more info.
If that doesn't clarify the problem, mail pants-devel (and include that
--debug
output).)
Finally,
$ git push origin master
The very last step is closing the review as "Submitted". The change is now complete. Huzzah!


Preview: After extended, international road trip, Lightning finally back at home to face Rangers
by APTV: FOX Sports Sun
TIME: Pregame coverage begins at 6:30 p.m.
STREAM IT LIVE ON FOX SPORTS GO
New York Rangers (8-6-2, sixth in the Metropolitan Division) vs. Tampa Bay Lightning (8-5-2, sixth in the Atlantic Division)
BOTTOM LINE
The New York Rangers visit Tampa Bay after Patrick Maroon scored two goals in the Lightning’s 5-3 victory against the Sabres.
The Lightning are 8-4-1 against Eastern Conference opponents. Tampa Bay has scored 51 goals and is seventh in the league averaging 3.4 per game. Steven Stamkos leads the team with five.
The Rangers are 6-4-1 in conference matchups. New York has scored 54 goals and is eighth in the NHL averaging 3.4 goals per game. Artemi Panarin leads the team with eight.
New York beat Tampa Bay 4-1 in the last meeting between these teams on Oct. 29.
TOP PERFORMERS
Stamkos leads the Lightning with 15 points, scoring five goals and adding 10 assists. Kevin Shattenkirk has collected eight assists over the last 10 games for Tampa Bay.
Panarin leads the Rangers with eight goals and has recorded 19 points. Pavel Buchnevich has totaled nine assists over the last 10 games for New York.
LAST 10 GAMES
Rangers: 6-2-2, averaging 3.7 goals, 6.2 assists, 4.3 penalties and 10.9 penalty minutes while allowing 2.9 goals per game with a .918 save percentage.
Lightning: 6-3-1, averaging 3.1 goals, 5.7 assists, 4.4 penalties and 10.8 penalty minutes while giving up 3.3 goals per game with a .905 save percentage.
Lightning Injuries: None listed.
Rangers Injuries: Mika Zibanejad: day to day (upper body), Marc Staal: out (ankle).


7 Video lesson transcripts based on youtube.com autogenerated subtitles.

Discussion forum: http://forums.fast.ai/.

Version 0.1 (2018-06-28) (proofreading progress: 0%).

If you'd like to contribute with proofreading, please see: https://github.com/stas00/fastai-transcript/.
Credits: Jeremy Howard (fast.ai Teacher/Founder), Eric Perbos-Brinck (Video Timelines), Ottokar Tilk (Punctuator), Stas Bekman (Transcript making).


Package org.drip.measure.gamma
Class R1ShapeScaleDistribution
java.lang.Object
org.drip.measure.continuous.R1Univariate
org.drip.measure.gamma.R1ShapeScaleDistribution
- Direct Known Subclasses:
ErlangDistribution
,ExponentialDistribution
,MaxwellBoltzmannSquaredDistribution
,R1ShapeScaleDiscrete
public class R1ShapeScaleDistribution extends R1Univariate
R1ShapeScaleDistribution implements the Shape and Scale Parameterization of the R1 Gamma
Distribution. The References are:
- Devroye, L. (1986): Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation Springer-Verlag New York
- Gamma Distribution (2019): Gamma Distribution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution
- Louzada, F., P. L. Ramos, and E. Ramos (2019): A Note on Bias of Closed-Form Estimators for the Gamma Distribution Derived From Likelihood Equations The American Statistician 73 (2) 195-199
- Minka, T. (2002): Estimating a Gamma distribution https://tminka.github.io/papers/minka-gamma.pdf
- Ye, Z. S., and N. Chen (2017): Closed-Form Estimators for the Gamma Distribution Derived from Likelihood Equations The American Statistician 71 (2) 177-181
- Module = Computational Core Module
- Library = Numerical Analysis Library
- Project = Rd Continuous/Discrete Probability Measures
- Package = R1 Gamma Distribution Implementation/Properties
- Author:
- Lakshmi Krishnamurthy
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description R1ShapeScaleDistribution(ShapeScaleParameters shapeScaleParameters, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)
R1ShapeScaleDistribution Constructor -
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description double
bannehekeEkayanakeMedianApproximation()
Compute the Banneheke-Ekayanake Approximation for the Median when k gte 1double
chenRubinMedianLowerBound()
Compute the Chen-Rubin Median Lower Bounddouble
chenRubinMedianUpperBound()
Compute the Chen-Rubin Median Upper BoundR1UnivariateNormal
cltProxy()
Retrieve the Central Limit Theorem Equivalent Normal Distribution Proxydouble
cumulative(double t)
Compute the cumulative under the distribution to the given valuedouble
density(double t)
Compute the Density under the Distribution at the given Variatedouble
differentialEntropy()
Retrieve the Differential Entropy of the DistributionR1ToR1
digammaEstimator()
Retrieve the Digamma Estimatordouble
excessKurtosis()
Retrieve the Excess Kurtosis of the DistributionExponentialFamilyRepresentation
exponentialFamilyRepresentation(double x)
Generate the Exponential Family RepresentationR1ToR1
gammaEstimator()
Retrieve the Gamma Estimatordouble
laplacian(double s)
Compute the Laplaciandouble
logarithmicExpectation()
Compute the Logarithmic ExpectationR2ToR1
lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator()
Retrieve the Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimatordouble
mean()
Retrieve the Mean of the Distributiondouble
mode()
Retrieve the Mode of the DistributionR1ToR1
momentGeneratingFunction()
Construct the Moment Generating Functiondouble[]
naturalParameters()
Retrieve the Array of Natural Parametersdouble[]
naturalStatistics(double x)
Retrieve the Array of Natural Statisticsdouble
ramanujanChoiMedianApproximation()
Compute the Ramanujan-Choi Approximation for the Mediandouble
randomAhrensDieter1982()
Generate a Random Variable using the Ahrens-Dieter (1982) Schemedouble
randomMarsaglia1977()
Generate a Random Variable using the Marsaglia (1977) SchemeR1ShapeScaleDistribution
scale(double scaleFactor)
Generate a Scaled Gamma Distributionstatic R1ShapeScaleDistribution
ShapeRate(double shapeParameter, double rateParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)
Construct a Gamma Distribution from Shape and Rate ParametersShapeScaleParameters
shapeScaleParameters()
Retrieve the Shape-Scale Parametersstatic R1ShapeScaleDistribution
ShapeSummation(double[] shapeParameterArray, double scaleParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)
Shape Summation Based ShapeScaleDistributiondouble
skewness()
Retrieve the Skewness of the Distributionstatic R1ShapeScaleDistribution
Standard(double shapeParameter, double scaleParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)
Construct the Standard R1ShapeScaleDistribution Instancedouble[]
support()
Lay out the Support of the PDF Rangedouble
variance()
Retrieve the Variance of the DistributionMethods inherited from class org.drip.measure.continuous.R1Univariate
histogram, incremental, invCumulative, median, populationCentralMeasures, probabilityGeneratingFunction, random, randomArray, supported
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
-
Constructor Details
-
R1ShapeScaleDistribution
public R1ShapeScaleDistribution(ShapeScaleParameters shapeScaleParameters, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator) throws java.lang.ExceptionR1ShapeScaleDistribution Constructor- Parameters:
shapeScaleParameters
- Shape-Scale ParametersgammaEstimator
- Gamma EstimatordigammaEstimator
- Digamma EstimatorlowerIncompleteGammaEstimator
- Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Inputs are Invalid
-
-
Method Details
-
ShapeRate
public static final R1ShapeScaleDistribution ShapeRate(double shapeParameter, double rateParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)Construct a Gamma Distribution from Shape and Rate Parameters- Parameters:
shapeParameter
- Shape ParameterrateParameter
- Rate ParametergammaEstimator
- Gamma EstimatordigammaEstimator
- Digamma EstimatorlowerIncompleteGammaEstimator
- Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator- Returns:
- Gamma Distribution from Shape Alpha and Rate Beta Parameters
-
ShapeSummation
public static final R1ShapeScaleDistribution ShapeSummation(double[] shapeParameterArray, double scaleParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)Shape Summation Based ShapeScaleDistribution- Parameters:
shapeParameterArray
- Shape Parameter ArrayscaleParameter
- Scale ParametergammaEstimator
- Gamma EstimatordigammaEstimator
- Digamma EstimatorlowerIncompleteGammaEstimator
- Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator- Returns:
- Shape Summation Based ShapeScaleDistribution
-
Standard
public static final R1ShapeScaleDistribution Standard(double shapeParameter, double scaleParameter, R1ToR1 gammaEstimator, R1ToR1 digammaEstimator, R2ToR1 lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator)Construct the Standard R1ShapeScaleDistribution Instance- Parameters:
shapeParameter
- Shape ParameterscaleParameter
- Scale ParametergammaEstimator
- Gamma EstimatordigammaEstimator
- Digamma EstimatorlowerIncompleteGammaEstimator
- Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator- Returns:
- The R1ShapeScaleDistribution Instance
-
shapeScaleParameters
Retrieve the Shape-Scale Parameters- Returns:
- The Shape-Scale Parameters
-
gammaEstimator
Retrieve the Gamma Estimator- Returns:
- Gamma Estimator
-
digammaEstimator
Retrieve the Digamma Estimator- Returns:
- Digamma Estimator
-
lowerIncompleteGammaEstimator
Retrieve the Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator- Returns:
- Lower Incomplete Gamma Estimator
-
support
public double[] support()Description copied from class:R1Univariate
Lay out the Support of the PDF Range- Specified by:
support
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- Support of the PDF Range
-
density
public double density(double t) throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Compute the Density under the Distribution at the given Variate- Specified by:
density
in classR1Univariate
- Parameters:
t
- Variate at which the Density needs to be computed- Returns:
- The Density
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the input is invalid
-
cumulative
public double cumulative(double t) throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Compute the cumulative under the distribution to the given value- Specified by:
cumulative
in classR1Univariate
- Parameters:
t
- Variate to which the cumulative is to be computed- Returns:
- The cumulative
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the inputs are invalid
-
mean
public double mean() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Mean of the Distribution- Specified by:
mean
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Mean of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Mean cannot be estimated
-
mode
public double mode() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Mode of the Distribution- Overrides:
mode
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Mode of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Mode cannot be estimated
-
variance
public double variance() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Variance of the Distribution- Specified by:
variance
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Variance of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Variance cannot be estimated
-
skewness
public double skewness() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Skewness of the Distribution- Overrides:
skewness
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Skewness of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Skewness cannot be estimated
-
excessKurtosis
public double excessKurtosis() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Excess Kurtosis of the Distribution- Overrides:
excessKurtosis
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Excess Kurtosis of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Skewness cannot be estimated
-
differentialEntropy
public double differentialEntropy() throws java.lang.ExceptionDescription copied from class:R1Univariate
Retrieve the Differential Entropy of the Distribution- Overrides:
differentialEntropy
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Differential Entropy of the Distribution
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Entropy cannot be estimated
-
momentGeneratingFunction
Description copied from class:R1Univariate
Construct the Moment Generating Function- Overrides:
momentGeneratingFunction
in classR1Univariate
- Returns:
- The Moment Generating Function
-
cltProxy
Retrieve the Central Limit Theorem Equivalent Normal Distribution Proxy- Returns:
- The Central Limit Theorem Equivalent Normal Distribution Proxy
-
logarithmicExpectation
public double logarithmicExpectation() throws java.lang.ExceptionCompute the Logarithmic Expectation- Returns:
- The Logarithmic Expectation
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Logarithmic Expectation cannot be computed
-
bannehekeEkayanakeMedianApproximation
public double bannehekeEkayanakeMedianApproximation() throws java.lang.ExceptionCompute the Banneheke-Ekayanake Approximation for the Median when k gte 1- Returns:
- The Banneheke-Ekayanake Approximation for the Median
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Median cannot be computed
-
ramanujanChoiMedianApproximation
public double ramanujanChoiMedianApproximation()Compute the Ramanujan-Choi Approximation for the Median- Returns:
- The Ramanujan-Choi Approximation for the Median
-
chenRubinMedianLowerBound
public double chenRubinMedianLowerBound()Compute the Chen-Rubin Median Lower Bound- Returns:
- The Chen-Rubin Median Lower Bound
-
chenRubinMedianUpperBound
public double chenRubinMedianUpperBound()Compute the Chen-Rubin Median Upper Bound- Returns:
- The Chen-Rubin Median Upper Bound
-
scale
Generate a Scaled Gamma Distribution- Parameters:
scaleFactor
- The Gamma Distribution Scale Factor- Returns:
- Scaled Gamma Distribution
-
naturalParameters
public double[] naturalParameters()Retrieve the Array of Natural Parameters- Returns:
- Array of Natural Parameters
-
naturalStatistics
public double[] naturalStatistics(double x)Retrieve the Array of Natural Statistics- Parameters:
x
- X- Returns:
- Array of Natural Statistics
-
exponentialFamilyRepresentation
Generate the Exponential Family Representation- Parameters:
x
- X- Returns:
- Exponential Family Representation
-
laplacian
public double laplacian(double s) throws java.lang.ExceptionCompute the Laplacian- Parameters:
s
- S- Returns:
- The Laplacian
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Inputs are Invalid
-
randomAhrensDieter1982
public double randomAhrensDieter1982() throws java.lang.ExceptionGenerate a Random Variable using the Ahrens-Dieter (1982) Scheme- Returns:
- Random Variable using the Ahrens-Dieter (1982) Scheme
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Random Instance cannot be estimated
-
randomMarsaglia1977
public double randomMarsaglia1977() throws java.lang.ExceptionGenerate a Random Variable using the Marsaglia (1977) Scheme- Returns:
- Random Variable using the Marsaglia (1977) Scheme
- Throws:
java.lang.Exception
- Thrown if the Random Instance cannot be estimated
-


adverb, adjective
having no one else present.
Al: aluminum
O: oxygen
Ne: neon
Middle English:
all + one
Energy = 7.08349 kj/mol
Under fire, aluminum powder reacts with oxygen in the air to form aluminum oxide. Neon, a stable element that doesn’t react, does have an effect. Its presence in the atmosphere affects oxygen and changes the way the aluminum oxide layer forms.
Al2O3Ne was constructed in a lab at the University of Chicago in order to study its physical tendencies and how it reacts in space. The experiment was conducted in collaboration with Andrzej Latka, a Ph.D. student in U of C's Nagel Group.


Gridster - An Introduction
Gridster is a powerful jekyll theme.
We don’t want to babble about how awesome jekyll is. You already know that. In this documentation we will introduce you to the world of Gridster. A world in which you have all the functionality you might have used in a previous WordPress blog, or dreamt of when using Blogger. Jekyll is fast. Like really fast. Lightning kind of fast in comparison to some of those bloated sites, because it’s basically just static HTML. Fast, secure and really convenient, as there is no annoying WYSIWYG editor, that pretends to give you a sleek layout but actually is some really messed up code. My fellow HTML friends will know what I’m talking about. Jekyll posts are written in markdown. It feels natural and produces some pretty nice (and correct!) code.
Gridster comes with a variety of different post types, which make it suitable for a lot of different sites. It is easy to use once you set up everything and all you have to do is write some markdown, run a max of three grunt commands and you are good to go. Also it’s in the Material Design and you can choose from 5(!) different layouts for each post, static page and index page.
Let us guide you through the basic setup.
Dependences
Jekyll is awesome, but it has quite a few requirements.
Before going on, you will need to install a few things. We’ll just link you to the docs, because they do a pretty good job, most of the time.
- Git
if you plan on using this theme on your own server and don’t like version control (we sincerely hope that is not the case, version control is awesome!) this is not required:
Installing Git
You also wanna sign up on GitHub, if you want to host there. - Sass
Sass is the preprocessor of our choice. We write all of our stylesheets in Sass. Because it’s fast, sassy and awesome!
Installing Sass - Grunt
Grunt makes our life easier. We use it to serve our jekyll, minify and concatenate our javascript, compile our Sass, prefix the CSS, minimize and crop images and deploy the site to GitHub. “Making our life easier” not even closely describes how vital the job is, grunt carries out for us. You’ll see.
Installing Grunt - jekyll
Of course, nothing could happen without the star of the show.
Installing jekyll
In order for Sass, grunt and jekyll to work you need Ruby, RubyGems as well as NodeJS installed.
For the liverefresh, you will need livereload for your browser of choice. (Firefox • Chrome if your browser of choice is something other than that: make a new choice, a better one (okay, Opera is allowed as well…))
Once you’ve mastered all of these installations, the rest will be a piece of cake.
Set Up
As soon as you have all of the dependences installed, you are ready to set up your site.
Create a new folder and copy our demo site into this folder. Open the folder in your favorite editor (ours is Brackets) to check out the files and make the necessary changes.
Other than the editor you will need a browser and a terminal. Don’t be scared, the terminal is here to help you.
Grunt
We use grunt with Gridster, because it saves us a lot of tedious steps. As you can see, the theme you got comes with a gruntfile.js
. So other than installing grunt, you only have to execute one command to get it up and running.
To install all of the node modules, navigate into the folder and run the following command:
npm install
In the following section we’ll quickly go over the three main grunt tasks we’ve created and what each of them does.
grunt serve
This command will get a server running. Basically it executes the jekyll serve
command.
So, to get the site running, you will need to open a terminal window in your website folder location and type this command. The server will start and you will be able to see the page at http://localhost:4000
The terminal window you use, will then be blocked for typing. You will need to open another one for the next command. (tip: if you are on a windows machine and hate to retype your file path, add start
before the grunt command and it will be executed in a new window, without affecting the current cmd)
grunt
This is the default task, which is the watch task.
Once you got your server up and running, you can start grunt. It will watch over your files for changes and make sure, that your site will always be up to date. With liveReload enabled your browser also updates, as soon as the site is rebuilt. Can we have a hip hip hooray for not having to vigorously hit the F5 button anymore? (Hip Hip - HORRAY!)
grunt deploy
If you are not hosting on a Git Server or decide to run Gridster without plugins you won’t need this task. It takes care of deployment for a site hosted on GitHub with plugins. We’ll come to that later[7.4].
Configuration
Okay, now enough of installations and setups, let’s get working on your site.
We start off with one of the most important files in the theme - if not the most important file. _config.yml
This file sets all of the jekyll configurations and global variables.
Settings
In the following section we’ll go over the variables settings.
First of all you want to set the name
of your site, as well as the description
, kinda like your tagline.
Then there are url
and baseurl
. The url
is mostly just for the rss feed, so just add the url here for that. The baseurl
is used only if you’re site is in a subfolder. Then you want to add this folder name in the baseurl
.
So for example, if your github username is user
and the project this site lives in is called project
you would fill the variables as follows (the address of the site would then be: http://user.github.io/project )
url: http://user.github.io
baseurl: /project
Note: if you set up a custom domain, you will need to adjust this setting to your custom domain, not the underlying GitHub address.
Some of the variables with their default settings and comments explained
name: Gridster # place site name
description: the material experience for jekyll # put slogan here
destination: jekyllbuild #destination folder, not the default _site, because grunt has problems with sites starting with an underscore
url: #place url
baseurl: #place folder name if site is served in subfolder
permalink: /:title/ # permalink structure
paginate: 8 # how many items are shown on the index page
paginate_path: /page/:num/ # pagination url structure
gems: [jekyll-paginate]
author_title_prefix: 'Posted by ' # title for the author pages (this is followed by the author name)
author_default_avatar: /profile-pic.jpg #default profile picture for authors when there is no author image
# default settings
encoding: utf-8
defaults:
-
scope:
path: ""
type: "posts"
values:
layout: "post-material-sidebar-left"
type: "standard"
homedisplay: "featimg"
Also, gridster comes with the possibility to use infinite scroll or pagination on the home page.
By default infinite scroll is activated. If you want to use the pagination, just find the variable for the infinite scroll within the config and change the value from true
to false
infinite_scroll: true
Directories
These variables handle the folder structure.
The media_folder
is the place where all of the compressed images are stored (this will be handled by grunt) (featured images, galleries etc.)
The other variables handle URLs. The folders in which tags, categories and author pages will be placed.
tag_dir: /tag
category_dir: /category
author_dir: /author
media_folder: /media/compressed
Social Media
This is where you can place all of your social media accounts. If you remove the variable, it will vanish from the main menu. Just place the URLs here and the social media icons in the navigation will take you to the provided link when clicked.
tumblr: "#"
pinterest: "#"
instagram: "#"
twitter: "#"
facebook: "#"
youtube: "#"
vimeo: "#"
soundcloud: "#"
Customization
Of course customizing is endless, especially since jekyll is HTML and not PHP and people like to fiddle with HTML a lot more. We love HTML for its simplicity and we always look forward to playing with it.
So yeah, we won’t go too much into detail on how much you can actually make gridster look different, because we like the way we designed it. But still, changing colors and adjusting the logo obviously is something you might want to change, and of course we won’t interfere with that.
Header
The header is like a business card for your website. So we totally get that you want to add your own logo.
We are big fans of SVG, not because it is so scalable, but also because it is a lot easier to make your site responsive.
If your different versions are contained within the same format you can just remove a path with media queries. (There’s a really good post about this on codrops: Making SVGs Responsive with CSS.)
If you’re logo works like ours and relies on different viewBoxes, just do it like us, throw all three svgs in there and display it with media queries.
We are not going to cover how you should go about creating your logo. If you just want to use an image or headings, by all means, go ahead!
But this is about where to do your changes.
The main place to start would be _includes/header.html
, which is the basic outline of the upper header part, since technically the whole header contains the navbar as well.
You can see that there are three includes that are our three different logo SVG’s. We like to keep them all separate, because code is always easier to handle if it’s shorter. (and if you know what a complex SVG looks like, you know how quickly this stuff get’s out of hand.) We also like to extract our styling into the actual Sass, so that we save a few lines.
Clean up your SVGs! we wrote this in bold, because it is something that we would really ,definitely recommend. If you see what horror illustrator or inkscape can spit out, Freddy Krüger is a teddy bear in comparison. In inkscape there is the option to save as plain svg and in illustrator you can turn off the editing capabilities. Both options get rid of a lot junk the web does not need (make sure to still save a version that you can edit.) Then just make sure to remove all of the styletags and add classes (especially for the paths that do use the same styles.) Also check that height and width attributes are gone and the viewBox is set.
All of those styles can be placed within sass/partials/components/_logo.scss
.
For the right sizing, you need to adjust the padding hack, to your viewBox. So get the two last values of the viewBox and set them within sass/partials/layout/_header.scss
in the padding hack mixin:
.logo {
@include paddinghack(100%, 127.27984, 28.97019, 'svg'); // use your logo dimensions here
Within the header file there are a few other steps to consider as well. You might need to adjust the classes of your elements and the media query breakpoints. Just read through it, we did add comments to make it more understandable.
Code
So, now your favorite piece: The code. Of course you can customize it.
Change whatever you like. The basic structure is simple.
We have an index layout that is used for the home page, category pages, tag pages and author pages. Category, author and tag layouts are integrated as extensions of the index page with a few restrictions. They don’t have pagination the way the home pages do, because those pages come with plugins to modify the amount of posts rendered and jekyll’s pagination feature is restricted to the full set of posts only.
There is one general article_index
include, that styles the articles for the index pages. So we use this style across all of these sites. If you would like something a little shorter, which would make sense if you have something around 100 posts in a category, you might want to change that.
We wrote an alternative article_index
, which displays just the title and date.
You do need to make two small adjustments if you want to use it. Replace the include.
Open either _layouts/author_index.html
, _layouts/category_index.html
or _layouts/tag_index.html
(or the main index.html
file for that matter, if you want your homepage short as well) and find the article loop with the include:
{% include article_index.html %}
replace this with
{% include article_index_short.html %}
This adaption will result in the short article index version.
Add content
As soon as you are happy with how the site looks like, you can start to focus on what makes for a good website: The content!
In this section we’ll guide you through the process of filling pages and adding posts.
Gridster comes with all these fancy post types that are very useful and make for a pretty multimedia site within minutes.
Read on and see how easy it can be to set up your content with Gridster.
Pages
There are two different ways of adding content to your site. The static one is adding content as a page.
Pages can be html or markdown documents that get placed in the root directory. If you don’t like file-endings in your URLs, create a folder and an index-file in there. The URL will then be the folder name.
Layouts
For the pages you also use the classic jekyll front matter.
Here is what it looks like for one of our pages
---
layout: page-full
featimg: 6.jpg
title: Page
---
The layout
options are page-full
, page-classic-sidebar-right
, page-classic-sidebar-left
, page-material-sidebar-right
and page-material-sidebar-left
.
The title is self-explanatory. Add a title if you want your page to have like - a name (no anonymous pages out there guys, please!). You might want to make it relatable to the folder name as well. Just a tip.
The featimg
variable is for the featured image. It will be added above the content (and title). The image has to be within the img
-folder.
And then just go about adding your content underneath the front matter. And if it is just for writing, we highly recommend using markdown since it’s much easier and more fun to write in markdown than having to write a lot of HTML-tags for paragraphs.
Archives
Archives are usually something you want to put in a page. At least we do.
So while we were creating the page layouts, we also created two includes that help you create archive pages.
To create an archive page, you would complete the same steps as you do when you make a page. Then just add one of the includes within your content.
There are two different archive possibilities. One of them sorts the posts by month, the other one by year. It will mostly depend on your preference (or on how many posts you write) which preference you will want use.
They do work pretty similarly, though.
To use the archive page, just paste the include into the content section. Archives can be placed in pages or posts.
For an archive by month:
{% include monthly_archive.html %}
and the archive by year:
{% include yearly_archive.html %}
Posts
This is where your blog receives the Frankenstein lightning shocks and starts living.
A new post is created within the _posts
folder and has to follow a specific naming scheme.
YEAR-MONTH-DAY-title.FILEFORMAT
// example:
2015-01-01-happy-new-year.md
It starts with the front-matter, where most of the magic for our post types happen.
Every post has a few variable requirements. Some variables need to be integrated, some can be integrated and some are type specific. This section will go over every variable:
defaults
---
layout: post-material-sidebar-left
type: standard
homedisplay: featimg
---
These are the variables that shouldn’t change too much (you can change the defaults in the _config.yml
-file [3.2.1]). ]). The layout by default is with the Material sidebar, the post type will be standard and usually the featured image will be displayed instead of an iFrame. These three includes are part of the required variables.
Layout options are: post-full
, post-material-sidebar-left
, post-material-sidebar-right
, post-classic-sidebar-left
, post-classic-sidebar-right
.
required variables
---
layout: post-full
type: standard
homedisplay: featimg
featimg: 1.jpg # (not required)
author: someone # leave this out if you don't want to work with authors, otherwise use author id as set within _data/authors.yml
title: post title # this is important
description: describing the post # this will be used in the meta-tag. SEO-wise pretty important
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3] # tags, leave them out if you don't work with tags
category: [category] # categories, leave out if you don't work with categories
---
As you can see here there are a few variables that are not as demanded as others. They are variables, that we’ve integrated to unlock Gridster’s full capacity.  The description is good for any Google bots (SEO), but you won’t see anything and the featured image is just there if you want to include one.
Standard
The standard post type is just for plain posts.
It does not come with the “featured section” that we use with other post-types, which means the featured image is not placed above the content but after the post title.
A standard front matter would look like this:
Note: The defaults are already set, so you don’t have to include them a second time.
---
featimg: 2.jpg
author: someone
title: standard post
description: describing the post
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3]
category: [category]
---
Image
For an image post, the post type needs to be changed.
It looks just slightly different than the standard post. The featured image is above the content since that is the main part of an image post.
For the image post type, obviously featimg
becomes a requirement.
Image post type front matter:
---
type: image
featimg: 3.jpg
author: someone
title: image post
description: describing the post
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3]
category: [category]
---
Gallery
A gallery does require a bit more work. The thing we do here is similar to a WordPress shortcode.
We define images and titles within the front-matter and do an include in the end.
So in the front-matter you would do something like this:
---
type: gallery
featimg: gallery-5.jpg
title: Gallery
tags: [gallery, image]
category: [image]
gallery:
- images:
- filename: gallery-1.jpg
alttext: Bloom Flat
- filename: gallery-2.jpg
alttext: Bloom
- filename: gallery-3.jpg
alttext: Blossom in a Star
- filename: gallery-4.jpg
alttext: Blossom
- filename: gallery-5.jpg
alttext: Bubbly Bloom
- filename: gallery-6.jpg
alttext: Rays of Gold
- filename: gallery-7.jpg
alttext: Exotic
- filename: gallery-8.jpg
alttext: Filled out
---
There are two different options how to include the gallery. The first is a scroll-through, that places all of the images at full-width within the content. The second creates a box with thumbnails, which reveals a lightbox when clicked on and can be navigated by touch, arrow-keys or plain old mouse commands.
In the content section you will need to integrate one of the includes:
Scroll-Through:
{% include gallery.html %}
Lightbox:
{% include gallery_lightbox.html %}
Vimeo
Creating a Vimeo video post is quite simple.
It is one of the three post types, that allows for the iFrame to be on the index pages. If you decide to go with the Vimeo post type, you won’t need to include a featured image, as it will not be displayed anywhere.
The type has to be Vimeo and then just include the embed code as well as the featured image homedisplay: iframe
---
type: vimeo
vimeo-embed: <iframe src="//player.vimeo.com/video/118589137" width="500" height="281" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>
homedisplay: iframe
author: someone
title: Vimeo
description: describing the post
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3]
category: [category]
---
YouTube
YouTube is a little bit different from Vimeo. Since the URL structure is always the same you don’t need to add the entire embed code.
Find the video ID of your video (the part of the URL after /watch?v=VIDEOID
) and put that in the front matter.
also use homedisplay to display the iFrame, otherwise set the featured image as you do it with the other post types.
---
type: youtube
yt-video-id: e0RFirBWQsE
author: someone
title: YouTube
description: describing the post
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3]
category: [category]
---
Audio
An audio post is technically the same as a Vimeo post. You just place the iframe embed code in the front matter.
The front matter follows the same rules:
---
type: audio
audio-embed: <iframe width="100%" height="450" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188464611&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true"></iframe>
homedisplay: iframe
author: someone
title: Audio
description: describing the post
tags: [tag1, tag2, tag3]
category: [category]
---
Additional Functionality
Jekyll is fantastic, but it comes with a few restrictions.
First and probably biggest bummer of all is the lack of a comment function.
But it’s not that bad, because there are possibilities to include comments. One of the most popular comment systems, is actually just embedded through HTML and that’s the one we will use. We’re looking at you Disqus.
The other thing is a search function. If you don’t feel the need of integrating a search function that users actually utilize, just leave it out. If you think a search function is a necessity, there are different options you can use.
Search function
When it comes to search functions, there are several different options and opinions. Some people don’t like certain search functions, others love them, etc.
We did include a dummy search form, jut for design purposes in case you want to include a search function.
There are possibilities floating around on the internet using javascript. Another option would be to create a Google custom search.
We don’t set any rules or recommendations. It is totally up to you what you want to use.
Also, the world of inter webs provides much better instructions on that matter than we could ever write. So please Google it.
Deployment
When you are ready to go live, you have to think about a few things.
We’re gonna touch upon some of them, help you with your decision and assist you with the step into the public.
GitHub or Server?
GitHub pages is free and it runs jekyll. Perfect. But of course you might not want to choose GitHub to host your site on.
A reason for that might be, that you own a server or don’t mind paying.
But GitHub has a downside as well. It runs jekyll in save-mode. This means no plugins. We do use plugins in Gridster for category pages, tag pages and author pages. If you don’t want to use that, GitHub might work as a CMS for you. We did include support for prose.io, which kinda turns it all into a pretty CMS, that looks definitely better than Blogger or WordPress.
If you want to use plugins, you still can host your site on GitHub but you will need to compile the site manually. It actually would take even more steps than just regenerating, quite a few git commands are involved. But grunt is here to save the day and you can still enjoy free hosting. It just needs a bit more time and is a littlebit less flexible.
But if you are like us and never leave the house without your laptop anyway, you’re just as flexible as can be.
If you choose the server you will just need to compile your site and host the _site
folder like you would do it with any other HTML site.
If you decide to go with GitHub hosting, read on.
Plugins: Yes or No?
It is a decision, an endless back and forth. Or maybe not?
If you want to have several people contributing on the site with plugins you will have to act as a moderator. So people can create posts on GitHub, but in order for the blog posts to go live, you will have to pull the changes, rebuild the site with grunt and push the live site back up with grunt deploy. If that is not a step you want to take, you might just sacrifice the plugins (no author pages, no category pages, no tag pages) and have new posts going live automatically.
There are a lot of pros and cons for every method, and the decision is personal. Even if you go without the plugins, the site will still have a lot of nice features. And the archive will still work.
After you’ve made a decision, you are ready to deploy.
If you decided to go with the plugins, skip the next section. If you go without plugins, skip the section after the next one.
Deploy on GitHub Without Plugins
Deployment without plugins is actually really easy.
Grab the URL you will be hosting your site on as well as the subfolder. If you are going to host your site on GitHub, set the two variables url
and baseurl
in the _config.yml
file.
Put all of the files not listed below (especially the node_modules
and _site
folders) to your .gitignore
, because you definitely won’t need those up there. If you don’t use plugins you just want to push the following files to GitHub (file in brackets means these might have changed or you might not need them)
├── _data/
│ └── galleries.yml
│
├── _includes
│ ├── article_index.html
│ ├── ( article_index_short.html ) // you might not need it, with no plugins
│ ├── footer.html
│ ├── ( full.html )
│ ├── gallery.html
│ ├── gallery_lightbox.html
│ ├── head.html
│ ├── header.html
│ ├── ( icon.html )
│ ├── ( logo.html )
│ ├── monthly_archive.html
│ ├── nav.html
│ ├── sidebar.html
│ ├── ( svg.html )
│ └── yearly_archive.html
│
├── _layouts
│ ├── index.html
│ ├── ( index_alt.html ) // again, you only need it for the short index
│ ├── page.html
│ ├── page_full.html
│ ├── post.html
│ └── post_full.html
│
├── _posts
│ └── // all your posts
│
├── css
│ ├── classic.css
│ ├── grid.css
│ └── main.css
│
├── fonts
│ └── // all of the font files
│
├── img
│ └── // all your images
│
├── js
│ └── build/
│ └── global.min.js
│
├── _config.yml
│
├── feed.xml
│
├── index.html
│
├── pagename // symbolically for all your static pages
│ └── index.md
│
├── .gitignore
└── ( README.md )
When that is done, GitHub will run jekyll and serve the resulting site under the URL.
If you want to publish a new post, just create a new one in the _posts
directory and push. Or just log into GitHub and write it directly on there.
This will work for new content
If you want to change something in your design though (new js stuff, new stylesheets, everything grunt does for you) you will have to pull it all down and run grunt again, to compile sass, run autoprefixer and uglify and merge all of the script files.
Deploy with Plugins
If you want to deploy with plugins, you will need to follow a few steps.
The basic idea is to push the built _site
folder with all of your other source files and then copy that site onto the main branch that GitHub will serve. So in case you use the user-repository: username.github.io, you want to create a branch called source and push all of the things there. The site will then be copied into the master branch.
For every other repository, a branch called gh-pages
is required.
If the site will be located within a subfolder, make sure to add baseurl and url (set url in any case) for the site in the _config.yml
file.
Now for deployment.
You might not want to push your node_modules
folder, because it takes a lot of space and is not relevant, even if people want to check out the source.
But make sure that under no circumstances, your _site
folder ends up on your .gitignore
file, because you need to build it yourself, as the jekyll GitHub runs, would end up being a save build, so no plugins.
The git commands you would need to execute would take quite some time, so we let grunt do the work. But we need to set that up first.
Open your gruntfile.js
and find the following section:
Put your remote url here and choose to what branch the _site should be pushed to.
buildcontrol: {
options: {
dir: '_site',
commit: true,
push: true,
message: 'Built _site from commit %sourceCommit% on branch %sourceBranch%'
},
pages: {
options: {
remote: 'https://github.com/user/reponame.git', // change that
branch: 'gh-pages' // adjust here
}
}
}
After you did that, build your site, and commit all of your changes to the source branch. After all of your changes are commited, run the grunt command in your terminal.
grunt deploy
grunt buildcontrol will do it’s thing. Enter your credentials when you are asked to and then your site should be live.
Yeahy!
Comment Form
The comment system that’s most popular is disqus.
You need to create an account and register your site.
Then access the universal code and create a new include.
Then include it in the layouts you want to use it with.
IT’s that simple.


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countTestCases, createResult, getName, run, run, runBare, runTest, setName, setUp, tearDown, toString |
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assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertEquals, assertFalse, assertFalse, assertNotNull, assertNotNull, assertNotSame, assertNotSame, assertNull, assertNull, assertSame, assertSame, assertTrue, assertTrue, fail, fail |
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June 2023 Status Update
Welcome to Alpha IV
Yay, we made it. Welcome to Alpha IV, which is the fourth alpha release of starbeam.one. We’re releasing a new alpha every two months on our push to beta which should occur in October. 🤞
This was a better alpha for me, with Alpha III being a bit of a stressful push. Alpha IV was better and I felt like I was able to get more done.
Alpha IV had the focus on quality fixes and administrative features. We can now merge user accounts and close those that do not have any transactions. We have improved the login experience to help reduce accidentally created accounts. We also added the ability for artists to get more capacity by purchasing from other artists. There are numerous bug fixes and it’s starting to feel like we’re making some progress again around here with our development.
Microsoft for Startups Extension
Before I get into the statistics, I wanted to mention that we got a bit of a reprieve lately with our Microsoft for Startups Azure credits. They were supposed to expire in October, but they got extended to January due to an issue with one of our support tickets. I am beyond relieved with this development because it gives us an extra three full months of development, which is what I felt we lost in Alpha III as you might recall.
I go more into this here. Thank you very much to Microsoft for Startups for your amazing support and willingness to work with your startups!
Over 1K Flares of Volume in May, 5K+ Total
Last month I started keeping track of 30-day volume measurements as that seems to be the strongest indicator of growth. I am pleased to say that we cracked the 1,000 Flare ($1K) volume for the month of May, at 1,079.99 Flares at the closing of May, 30 days. Our total all-time volume passed 5K Flares as well. For more statistics check out our dashboard.
213 Users, 93 Artists, 110 Collectors
User growth continues to slowly climb, with approximately 1 new user every day. We are over 200 users now, approaching 100 artist and over 100 collectors. See all our statistics on our dashboard.
Celebrate One Year of starbeam.one!
We’re holding a Twitter Space tomorrow to celebrate the 1-year anniversary of starbeam.one’s first market sale. This occurred on my birthday last year, and it’s already been a full year since this event. We’ll talk about what’s happened over the past year, and where we’d like to go. Bring some cake and party with us. 🥳
Stand-up & Shine (& Shill)
That does it for this month’s update. For more information around our current state of the system, I direct you to the latest Stand-up & Shine (& Shill):


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Separate development and production environments using access controls and staff assignments.
Keeping the development and the production environments separate ensures that vulnerabilities that may be found during development will be fixed before the application enters production.
If a development environment does not exist already, create it. If a development environment has been a part of the production environment, remove all development elements from the production environment. The development staff should be separate from the people working in the production environment. The personnel working in the production environment should not be concerned with development tasks.


As a partner, BUILD UMass will collaborate with you to develop technology that turns your vision into a reality. Completely free of charge!
Our members consist of vast range of STEM and Business majors who each have a unique skill set. We all share one goal which is to make a difference in the community through technology. Our primary services can be divided in the following categories, however, are not limited to them.
Cutting edge software is often key to the success of a business. We can help you create custom-built software that will significantly improve your operations effectively and efficiently
Having an online presence is essential to today’s society. At BUILD, we would love to work with you to make sure your online presence is strong. We can improve your existing website with a modern facelift or create a new blog from scratch to help you build an online community of supporters. Additionally, BUILD can improve operations by implementing better internal communication tools.
Consultants at BUILD are well versed with modern day technologies and have a deep understanding of their merits and demerits. We can assist you in choosing the optimal technologies and services to ensure your business runs smoothly.
Get in touch with us anyway and we’ll try our best to accomodate any of your requests!
We can generalize what our process is in our service in four phases-
We work with the nonprofit to understand the project in great depth and scope out the minimum viable product (MVP). Once we agree on the MVP, the project lead will write up a statement of work to be shared with the nonprofit.
After the statement of work passes, our developers work in teams and start building the minimum viable product (MVP) and share their progress with the clients regularly for feedback. Once, the MVP is ready, it is shared with the clients for a thorough inspection and review following which it enters user testing.
Once the MVP is ready, we add various analytics plugins and survey tools and then distribute the MVP among a wide array of audiences for testing. In the meanwhile, the developers continue building additional functionality and also resolve bugs as they arise.
At the end of the user testing phase, the team makes their final tweaks and fixes any issues that may arise during user testing. They then hand-off the project to the clients and if needed help them configure it.


- What is grid based design?
A grid is a structure made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical,horizontal, and angular) or curved guide lines used to structure content. The grid serves as an armature or framework on which a designer can organize graphic elements.
- Whats all the hype about responsive webpages?
With the multitude of devices out there - desktops, laptops, phones, responsive design means developing websites which will resize and adapt to different sizes of screen (different resolutions) and types of devices, ensuring the website is still legible and is looking great.
- What is semantic structure?
In HTML, tags are used to identity groups of content such as title, header, paragraphs, images. This allows for an easy to follow structure and shows the basic layout of the information.
- Any other points you found interesting and want to reflect on
Htlm and Css seem fairly straight forawrd, but there are alot of key elements you need to know. It can be confusing and challenging at start but once you get into it and are going in the right direction, writing html doesn't seem to hard and can be very addictive. This week I feel much more confident reading and writing html, due to the time spent reading, watching and practicing html and css.


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github.com/mholt/caddy
May 7, 2018 15:19 · 202 words · 1 minute read
Caddy is a cool web server written in Golang. Go standard library already has a production ready server, used to serve the chromium downloads etc, according to Andrew Gerrand. What caddy does is piggyback on that barebones implementation and add a lot of goodies to it. This includes automatic HTTPS and HTTP/2 support, QUIC support etc.
The entire project is implemented as a pluggable architecture, so much so that the “http” type of server is a plugin. The TLS features are plugins, all the directives in the Caddyfile is a plugin.
The webserver can be configured with a command line arguments or with a Caddyfile. The Caddyfile is not JSON or YAML etc, it has it’s own minimal syntax. The project has a parser to parse the Caddyfile. The project source is licensed under Apache 2.0, but the official binaries obtained from the website are not free for commercial usage.
The docs are great and the website is lovely. Here we’ll be talking to Matthew Holt, the author of Caddy
Links:
- Caddy project page - https://github.com/mholt/caddy
- Caddy official website - http://caddyserver.com/
- Caddy reachable when LE down? - https://github.com/mholt/caddy/issues/1680
- Telemetry Project - https://github.com/mholt/caddy/pull/2079
- Matt Holt - https://twitter.com/mholt6
Hosted by Darshan Chaudhary (https://github.com/darshanime)


TOMCATS A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2001 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
In TOMCATS, writer and first-time director Gregory Poirier, whose scripts have ranged from the superb (ROSEWOOD) to the pathetic (GOSSIP), sets a raunchy tone from the get-go, trying, as so many have, to turn out the next THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT MARY. In a long-running testicle scene, which will have the men in the audience squirming, he gets large laughs that do approximate those produced by the now classic zipper scene in MARY. Ah, if all of this hit-and-miss movie were just that crudely funny, TOMCATS could have some hit potential.
The plot concerns some happy bachelors who are reluctantly wedding bound. In order to encourage each of these self-proclaimed tomcats to remain single as long as possible, they form a pool, which gets invested in a go-go mutual fund. Apparently the movie was wrapped pre-crash since the cash in the account soars to half-a-million dollars. The last man standing unhitched gets to take home the loot.
The possibility of riches becomes essential to Michael Delaney (Jerry O'Connell) after he loses it all at the craps table. A disreputable casino owner gives Michael four weeks to come up with what he owes, or he will be killed. Since there is only one other unmarried man among his buddies, all he needs to do is convince him to the tie the knot with someone.
Kyle Brenner (Jake Busey), a man who once vowed to nail every woman on the planet with the exception of his mother and his grandmother, is the man that Michael must convince of the joys of marital bliss.
Michael, however, discovers Kyle's weakness. The one memorable woman in Kyle's life is a police officer named Natalie Parker (Shannon Elizabeth), although he only had his traditional one-night stand with her. Offering to split the earnings with her, Michael gets Natalie to entice Kyle to say "I do." Kyle's perfect woman is a "cosmetics counter girl," since they are subservient and smell good, so Natalie poses as a perfume pusher in order to turn Kyle on. The trouble, of course, is that the commitment-phobic Michael falls for Natalie.
Along the way, the jokes come fast and furious. Most are as lame as the old out-of-control water hose gag. Some, however, are quite funny, including one in which all the wives of Michael's old buddies are nursing their babies at a restaurant. This over-the-top lactating scene will undoubtedly turn off as many viewers as it will amuse.
Although the uneven TOMCATS isn't quite worth recommending, it does produce some nice laughs. And somehow, the little romance between Michael and Natalie does have some surprising charm. Oh well, at least the film's a lot better than last week's crude comedy, SAY IT ISN'T SO, although that isn't much of a compliment.
TOMCATS runs 1:32. It is rated R for strong sexual content including dialogue and for language. It would be acceptable for older teenagers.
Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Want free reviews and weekly movie and video recommendations via Email? Just send me a letter with the word "subscribe" in the subject line.
The review above was posted to the
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Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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{% extends "sb-admin/base.html" %} {% block content %}
This is a great starting point for new custom pages.


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Screen 1.0 : Home Page
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Screen 5.0 :Student Assignment listing
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Lil Reese Resurfaces On Instagram Live After Being Shot In The Neck
by Kyle EusticeChicago, IL – Lil Reese is evidently on the mend. Days after being shot in the neck, the 26-year-old Chicago native resurfaced on Instagram Live, although his face was mostly covered up by a hoodie.
In the clip, he appears to be sitting in a car and listening to some R&B. However, he doesn’t say a word.
Reese — real name Tavares Taylor — was reportedly shot at a busy intersection in County Club Hills, a south suburb of Chicago, on Monday afternoon (November 11). Investigators revealed a car pulled up on Reese and fired multiple rounds with an AK-47.
Witnesses say Reese left in a separate car and was discovered by police at South Suburban Medical Center in Hazel Crest. He was later transferred to a Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn in “critical condition.”
The suspect reportedly fled in a white or grey Chevy Malibu with tinted windows and Wisconsin plates.


In European art, Renaissance Classicism spawned two different movements—Mannerism and the Baroque. Mannerism, a reaction against the idealist perfection of Classicism, employed distortion of light and spatial frameworks in order to emphasize the emotional content of a painting and the emotions of the painter. The work of El Greco is a particularly clear example of Mannerism in painting during the late 16th, early 17th centuries. Northern Mannerism took longer to develop, and was largely a movement of the last half of the 16th century. Baroque art took the representationalism of the Renaissance to new heights, emphasizing detail, movement, lighting, and drama in their search for beauty. Perhaps the best known Baroque painters are Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Peter Paul Rubens, and Diego Velázquez.


I am a Junior Web Developer. I studied Maths and Computer Science in Russia but ended up as an underwriter in a bank! I am now rekindling my passion for coding by upskilling with General Assembly's Web Development Immersive Course. I love creating valuable and useful products. It’s really amazing to be able to create something new that didn’t exist before or to fix something that didn’t work. I am really excited to get started in this next phase of my career.
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--- permalink: /faq faq: - question: What are the Research Computing Lessons? answer: This is a small knowledge base of questions, answers, and associated media to get you up to speed with reproducible practices for research computing. - question: Why were they created? answer: There are a lot of nice interfaces, but scientific programming still lives on a command line. If you are a new graduate student with expertise in a biological domain, it's sometimes expected for you to have expertise in scientific programming. It's not always the case that departments provide this training for you. - question: What can I learn? answer: These lessons are bite sized, meaning that they will typically be short tutorials under a larger topic that shows you how to do one simple thing. - question: What if my question isn't answered? answer: First check the list of questions that are on the queue to be added! If you want to request a tutorial, a different example, or a person to talk to, please open an issue. - question: How do I contribute? answer: You can read about the steps in our [contribution](/lessons/contribute/) pages. - question: Who is responsible for this? answer: The lessons are maintained by @vsoch and other open source contributors. ---


This page shows you how to use our Braille-to-text converter.
- Choose or take an image of Braille that you would like to translate into English
A sample picture of Braille taken from a library book
|
Save the image on your computer
- Crop your image
A sample picture of good cropping
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Our braille-to-text converter uses a ratio to segment and translate each character, so it is essential that you comply with the following cropping instructions in order to get a good translation. Crop your image so that there is about as much padding as the image above (refer to the red line showing the padding). The size of the padding should be about half of the amount of space between two Braille characters.
- Go to the 'Upload Image' page and upload your image by clicking the 'Choose File' button
Choosing a file to upload
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- Click on the 'Submit' button and you should see the translation below!
NOTE:
- Our Braille-to-text-converter only translates English Grade 1 Braille
- So far we can only translate one line of Braille at a time. If you would like to translate multiple lines of Braille, please upload each line separately.
- We trained our model only on embossed Braille so pictures of handwritten Braille might not translate well
- Characters that our model can recognize:


M (1931) A film review by Steve Lipson
M: A warning against totalitarianism?
Fritz Lang's M was made in 1931, in a Germany witnessing the rapid growth of the Nazi party. When I first saw the movie, I took it to be an ominous foreshadowing of the dangers of a totalitarian state, where mob violence against undesirables is rampant and the authorities ruthlessly put the supposed good of society over people's individual freedoms. The incredibly bleak view of Berlin which Fritz Lang depicts in the movie could let me see it no other way. It was clear, at least at first glance, that the audience was to react with disgust at the oppressive tactics the police employ to catch the child murderer, measures that make the city of Berlin a most unpleasant place to live. I thought the movie perhaps may even have reflected Lang's horror at the Nazi party--a disgust reflected in 1933 when, after Goebbels offered to make him head of the German film industry, he chose to flee the country instead.
But my certainty of this interpretation as an accurate meaning of the film began to change somewhat on second viewing. My earlier attitude was in part shaped by my perception that the police's high-handed and dictatorial tactics to investigate the murders were getting nowhere, and that their obsessive search of one particular house was barking up the wrong tree. But on second viewing, I changed my mind and began to believe that the house they had under close surveillance was in fact that of the killer (Peter Lorre). A check of the Internet Movie Database character names confirmed that. Now, suddenly, my original views of M as a warning against totalitarianism came into question; after all, one could make the claim from the movie that the police's oppressive tactics were effective and ultimately for the good of society.
My uncertainty as to M's meaning was heightened when I started to think more of the creative forces behind the movie. Clearly, its director Lang (whose mother was Jewish) held strongly anti-Nazi views. But the screenplay of M was co-written by Lang's wife Thea von Harbou, who herself was (or would become) a dedicated Nazi and would divorce Lang over the matter. Thus, the question was raised in my mind over whether it would be legitimate to believe a Nazi would have written a story with anti-totalitarian overtones, as I had first though M was.
Maybe then the answer to my question ultimately has to do with the different roles of the director and the screenwriter. Von Harbou may well not have intended her original screenplay to reflect negatively on the tactics of Nazism; thus, she portrayed the repressive methods of the police as ultimately effective. But in handing in the screenplay, she turned over control of the final direction of the movie to the director; M as we have it now thus reflects Lang's, not von Harbou's, ultimate vision. And by Lang's claustrophobic directing and heavy use of shadows, he may have in fact intended to undercut the message of the screenplay and make Berlin of the 1930's in fact to seem ominously sinister and oppressive. For this reason, my initial impression of the movie may have been correct: no matter what minor points may cast the impression otherwise, Lang had succeeded--via the overall tone and message of the movie--to make M a warning against the totalitarianism into which Germany was threatening to descend.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews