public enum KeyCharacter extends java.lang.Enum<KeyCharacter>
| Enum Constant and Description |
|---|
A |
APOSOTROPHE |
B |
BACKSLASH |
C |
COMMA |
D |
E |
EIGHT |
EQUAL |
F |
FIVE |
FOUR |
G |
GRAVE_ACCENT |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
LEFT_BRACKET |
M |
MINUS |
N |
NINE |
O |
ONE |
P |
PERIOD |
Q |
R |
RIGHT_BRACKET |
S |
SEMICOLON |
SEVEN |
SIX |
SLASH |
SPACE |
T |
TAB |
THREE |
TWO |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
ZERO |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private char |
altMode |
private char |
controlMode |
private int |
key |
private char |
shiftMode |
private char |
superMode |
private char |
zeroMode |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static KeyCharacter |
getByKey(int key) |
static KeyCharacter |
getByKey(KeyboardKey key) |
char |
getChar(int mode) |
int |
getKey() |
static KeyCharacter |
valueOf(java.lang.String name)
Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
|
static KeyCharacter[] |
values()
Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in
the order they are declared.
|
public static final KeyCharacter SPACE
public static final KeyCharacter APOSOTROPHE
public static final KeyCharacter COMMA
public static final KeyCharacter MINUS
public static final KeyCharacter PERIOD
public static final KeyCharacter SLASH
public static final KeyCharacter ZERO
public static final KeyCharacter ONE
public static final KeyCharacter TWO
public static final KeyCharacter THREE
public static final KeyCharacter FOUR
public static final KeyCharacter FIVE
public static final KeyCharacter SIX
public static final KeyCharacter SEVEN
public static final KeyCharacter EIGHT
public static final KeyCharacter NINE
public static final KeyCharacter SEMICOLON
public static final KeyCharacter EQUAL
public static final KeyCharacter A
public static final KeyCharacter B
public static final KeyCharacter C
public static final KeyCharacter D
public static final KeyCharacter E
public static final KeyCharacter F
public static final KeyCharacter G
public static final KeyCharacter H
public static final KeyCharacter I
public static final KeyCharacter J
public static final KeyCharacter K
public static final KeyCharacter L
public static final KeyCharacter M
public static final KeyCharacter N
public static final KeyCharacter O
public static final KeyCharacter P
public static final KeyCharacter Q
public static final KeyCharacter R
public static final KeyCharacter S
public static final KeyCharacter T
public static final KeyCharacter U
public static final KeyCharacter V
public static final KeyCharacter W
public static final KeyCharacter X
public static final KeyCharacter Y
public static final KeyCharacter Z
public static final KeyCharacter LEFT_BRACKET
public static final KeyCharacter BACKSLASH
public static final KeyCharacter RIGHT_BRACKET
public static final KeyCharacter GRAVE_ACCENT
public static final KeyCharacter TAB
private final int key
private final char zeroMode
private final char shiftMode
private final char controlMode
private final char altMode
private final char superMode
public static KeyCharacter[] values()
for (KeyCharacter c : KeyCharacter.values()) System.out.println(c);
public static KeyCharacter valueOf(java.lang.String name)
name
- the name of the enum constant to be returned.java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if this enum type has no constant with the specified namejava.lang.NullPointerException
- if the argument is nullpublic int getKey()
public char getChar(int mode)
mode.
- the mode.public static KeyCharacter getByKey(int key)
key
- the key.KeyCharacter
with the specified key.public static KeyCharacter getByKey(KeyboardKey key)
key
- the key.KeyCharacter
with the specified key.


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package bld
The bld
package contains traits and objects for generating source code
for vector classes, matrix traits and matrix classes.
- Alphabetic
- By Inheritance
- bld
- AnyRef
- Any
- Hide All
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Type Members
-
trait
BldParams
extends AnyRef
The
BldParams
trait defines common values to be used in code generation.The
BldParams
trait defines common values to be used in code generation. Base trait for numeric vectors is Vecto_, with classes Vector_, RleVector_ and SparseVector_. Base trait for matrices is Matri_, with classes BidMatrix_, Matrix_, RleMatrix_, SparseMatrix_ and SymTriMatrix_.
Value Members
-
object
BldAll
extends App
The
BldAll
object calls all the builders to generate code for the vector and matrix classes/traits in thescalation.linalgbra
package.The
BldAll
object calls all the builders to generate code for the vector and matrix classes/traits in thescalation.linalgbra
package. Note, generated files have the suffix ".scalaa". ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vector traits - base traits for several kinds of vectors vector classes - regular (dense) mathematical vectors sparse vector classes - sparse mathematical vectors RLE vector classes - compressed (RLE) mathematical vectors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ matrix traits - base traits for several kinds of matrices matrix classes - regular (dense) matrices sparse matrix classes - sparse matrices (for high fraction of zeroes) symtri matrix classes - symmetric tridiagonal matrices (for eigenvalue algorithms) bid matrix classes - square (upper) bidiagonal matrices (for SVD algorithms) RLE matrix classes - compressed (RLE) matrices ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ To see the differences between the current code and 'new generated code', run the 'check.sh' script. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ To install the 'new generated code' in the package replacing the current code, run the 'install.sh' script. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldAll -
object
BldBidMatrix
extends App with BldParams
The
BldBidMatrix
object is used to build square (upper) bidiagonal matrix classes for various base types.The
BldBidMatrix
object is used to build square (upper) bidiagonal matrix classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldBidMatrix -
object
BldMatri
extends App with BldParams
The
BldMatri
object is used to build Matrix traits for various base types.The
BldMatri
object is used to build Matrix traits for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldMatri -
object
BldMatrix
extends App with BldParams
The
BldMatrix
object is used to build matrix classes for various base types.The
BldMatrix
object is used to build matrix classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldMatrix -
object
BldRleMatrix
extends App with BldParams
The
BldRleMatrix
object is used to build matrix classes for various base types.The
BldRleMatrix
object is used to build matrix classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldRleMatrix -
object
BldRleVector
extends App with BldParams
The
BldRleVector
object is used to build run length encoded vector classes for various base types.The
BldRleVector
object is used to build run length encoded vector classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldRleVector -
object
BldSparseMatrix
extends App with BldParams
The
BldSparseMatrix
object is used to build sparse matrix classes for various base types.The
BldSparseMatrix
object is used to build sparse matrix classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldSparseMatrix -
object
BldSparseVector
extends App with BldParams
The
BldSparseVector
object is used to build vector classes for various base types.The
BldSparseVector
object is used to build vector classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldSparseVector -
object
BldSymTriMatrix
extends App with BldParams
The
BldSymTriMatrix
object is used to build symmetric tridiagonal matrix classes for various base types.The
BldSymTriMatrix
object is used to build symmetric tridiagonal matrix classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldSymTriMatrix -
object
BldVecto
extends App with BldParams
The
BldVecto
object is used to build vector traits for various base types.The
BldVecto
object is used to build vector traits for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldVecto -
object
BldVector
extends App with BldParams
The
BldVector
object is used to build vector classes for various base types.The
BldVector
object is used to build vector classes for various base types. > run-main scalation.linalgebra.bld.BldVector


The study of stellar surfaces can reveal information about the chemical composition, interior structure, and magnetic properties of stars. It is also critical to the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets, in particular those targeted in extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) searches, which must contend with stellar variability that is often orders of magnitude stronger than the planetary signal. One of the most successful methods to map the surfaces of stars is Doppler imaging, in which the presence of inhomogeneities is inferred from subtle line shape changes in high resolution stellar spectra.
In my latest paper,
I implemented this Doppler imaging model within my open source starry stellar modeling framework, making it fast, differentiable, and easy to use in both optimization and posterior inference settings.
As a proof-of-concept, I used starry to infer the surface map of the brown dwarf WISE 1049-5319B, finding close agreement with the solution of Crossfield et al. (2014). In the paper, I also discuss Doppler imaging in the context of EPRV studies and describe an interpretable spectral-temporal Gaussian process for stellar spectral variability that will be important for EPRV exoplanet searches.


Covenants
Transcript By: Bryan Bishop
Category: Conference
Bitcoin covenants: Opportunities and challenges
Emin Gun Sirer
https://twitter.com/kanzure/status/785071789705728000
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=10254&v=_Z0ID-0DOnc
We published this last February at an academic workshop. The work itself has interesting ramifications. My real goal here is to start a conversation and then do a follow-up blog post where we collate feedback from the community. We would like to add this to Bitcoin Core. Covenants.
This all started from a very basic and simple observation about the current status of our computing infrastructure. The observation is that the state of our computing infrastructure is no where near safe enough to store assets like bitcoin. The default low energy state of an exchange is that it’s empty. We have seen this with MtGox, we’ve seen it with Bitfinex, etc. Some of them are insider attacks, sure. Insiders are able to get away with it because their attacks are indistinguishable from other attacks. Teamspeak users get hacked since forever.
“Sorry for your loss” has become an acronym on bitcoin forums. Bitcoin has become a universal bug bounty. It used to be that vendors would fight with you and eventually htey would cave in. You don’t have to do that. In the first bitcoin workshop, there was a fantastic paper from two people and they did this incredibly cool study where they looked at the reuse of Q values in signatures. The private keys were immediately exposed. The person giving the talk said they found 318 cases where they could immediately recover the private key. He got all the money from those accounts— but he recovered $0 because someone else had done their own work and were sweeping the blockchain on their own.
So what’s our response to this? Well we all work on bitcoin, we care, but it’s someone else’s business to secure this? Mobile OSes are not updated frequently enough. If you are using django or ruby-on-rails, the infrastructure you trust is just huge. We’re not going to be able to fi all of this. We need to provide in-protocol mechanisms to secure our coins.
We started to think about a vault abstraction. What’s a vault? It’s a secure place to hold your coins that you are not using immediately. A vault enables you to recover your bitcoin if they are hacked. You can revert a transaction that a hacker makes to steal your coins. It’s structured in such a way that you can’t take back a legitimate transaction you make to a merchant. I want to describe why this is not contradictory and why the solution is elegant and why it almost eliminates incentives attacks against coin holders.
A vault has two keys. An unvaulting key and a recovery key. You place coins into the vault. At that time, you specify the unvaulting interval. Someone like me would say 24 hours. If you were a daytrader you would say 8 hours while you sleep or whatever it is you do. This is the downtime, the time during which you don’t want your coins to move. If you want to move htem, you use your unvaulting key and move them from your address. You can’t pay directly from a vault. A vault is only for your personal use only. You can’t pay a merchant with a vault payment. If osmeone hacks your key and steals your keys, then you use your recovery key to take your coins back. This is an incredibly useful feature.
Given this audience, they are thinking about the security problems. What happens if you lose both keys? Suppose you didn’t bury the second key deep enough. If the hacker gets both keys, then you burn the coins. If the hacker hacks the vault, then the expected gain should be zero coins. This is a powerful primitive. There is absolutely no incentive to go after vaults.
Vault implementation
We could have a new address, a special prefix, a special casing, a whole lot of complexities could be added to Bitcoin Core to support this. I would like to present a new abstraction to allow this and also allow a few other use cases. I am here to tell you about this new abstraction so that you can think about other applications. Please let us know if you do use this.
You guys are familiar with traditional payments where Alice pays Bob and that transaction is of course a script. In covenants, there is additional code that restricts the next spend transaction. This covenant is a restriction on the transaction that follows. The way this is implemented is a single opcode, using OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY. A cline is a self-generating program. You have seen this in obfuscated C contests perhaps. You can build them with a simple opcode. Covenants can be recursively enforced down the chain for as long as you need to reinforce them. OP_CHECKOUTPUTVERIFY adds a limited form of reflection. Bitcoin script used to be limited in the data to the ouput and input scripts. We want to add OP_CHECKOUTPUTVERIFY and check the abstract syntax tree. It’s incredibly limited in scope, simple to implement, and it’s an actual opcode that the ethereum folks don’t have, it would give us a lot of flexibility in how to use it.
Covenants for vaults
If you use the unvaulting key, then you use a checksequenceverify to check if the transaction with a relative locktime of 100 blocks during that time someone can revert it, or during that time there’s a recovery key to tak that back with a new covenant on that.
Covenants are not just useful for vaults. There are some bonuses. There are some other use cases. An incredibly popular use case for covenants, on many people’s mind, is colored coins. There was a period of time where about 2 years ago I was getting multiple calls per week where someone would ask me to sign an NDA and then they would tell me an idea about colored coins. They wanted to put gold on the blockchain. “How did you know?” It’s just what people want to do. If you have some asset kept in a vault or an actual vault somewhere, where you want to collate and combine those items that can combine. If you have a sliver of gold and you have another sliver of gold, then you should be able to combine them, but you don’t want to pay for coffee with that…. I feel like lord of the flies up here.
You can use this in satoshis, there’s no gaurantee that the satoshi being used to represent your halves will fall below the dust limit, and that would be bad. We need to distinguish coins from actual coins. We can do that with covenants. The covenant can make sure these assets do not mix with others.
Another feature is fraud proofs. You have seen sidechains. But I have never seen a trustless reverse peg in operation. The big limitation of trustless reverse peg is that you need some way of proving a fraudulent sidechain transaction. This is trivial to implement with covenants. People who have tried to implement sidechain pegs know the difficulty of getting this to work on bitcoin without this.
Covenants concerns
There are a number of concerns people have here. People were trying to fight about block size reparameterization, and this other stuff fell off the map. This is a lot of work to bring bitcoin to the next level. I have heard some concerns.
The actual complexity of covenants is only 200 lines of code, so adding a new opcode is therefore not complex.
Covenants can be used to break fungibility. But so can many other things in bitcoin, so it doesn’t matter. Wallets could limit covenants. At the end of the day, fungibility today is already not protected by protocol mechanisms. It’s protected by social consensus that we must have fungibility. For covenants to break that contract, they would need to be adopted by people using covenants. I am very secure in the knowledge that this community will not adopt coins that restrict fungibility. So I remain steadfast in covenants having no effect on fungibility.
Overhead is an issue. The execution time of this overhead is proportional of the size of the pattern to check. This is reflected in the transaction itslef. The number of bytes is proportional to complexity.
I am sure there are other concerns. I’d love to hear about them.
Early deployment
Elements Alpha implemented covenants and deployed it just two days ago. At least this is operational on a sidechain. Russel O’Connor is going to be releasing some blog posts. I think this is a good time to be thinking about this.
Summary
OP_CHECKOUTPUTVERIFY will make thefts a thing of the past. It will take away the incentive to think that you can get away with a big heist. Your daily hot wallets might be at risk, but the actual stuff that we keep in cold storage in all sorts of protocols– that would remain revertible back to us and that’s a good feature. It also opens up new use cases. I would love to hear from the community about their concerns and feedback.
Q&A
Q: Your description of color coins is wrong. You don’t allocate satoshis to assets. You have your transaction commit to a distribution layer above it.
A: Didn’t realize that.
Q: Right, just obsolete. So I don’t think you need covenants for the first application. You could use nlocktime.
A: There are multiple ways of implementing vaults?
Q: Transactions work fine until the covenant period is over. So you might as well sign the nlocktime and show the transaction goes forward.
A: I would like to see an example of your counterexample.
Q: Sure.
A: I would appreciate that.
Q: Hacker… two keys here. Can your hacker show your coins…?
A: Always a problem. This is not a universal solution for all ills. It just makes it a little better.
Q: What is the period to destroy the coins?
A: You set that. You can set that to be multiple months or as short as you want. It’s entirely up to you.
Q: In the case of destroying coins, is it also possible to make it so that it’s spending to fee, so that the hacker can collude with a miner to mine that?
A: The way we have it right now… and there are other ways to implement this, we are simply keeping the miner from spending it. We keep the hacker from spending it. You could imagine it doing it the way you mention. The hacker would have to join forces with miners; I think the miners wouldn’t go with that.
Q: My concern about covenants on fungibility is that it gets in the way of future improvements like one-way aggregate signatures or mimblewimble where you do non-interactive coinjoin. But if you have covenants you can tell the inputs and outputs are linked because the person who authored it cared about the content.
A: True, but you need … covenants attached for coinjoin.
Q: Right, but you wouldn’t be gaining from non-interactive coinjoin. So would you be able to mask which outputs are being linked?
A: In the case of coinjoin with covenants, I just imagine it’s, the two things don’t mix. They are at odds with each other. One is trying to hide the origin of coins and the other is tracking. So unless all of the coins into the coinjoin have the same covenant, then the outputs shouldn’t have any covenants as well; that’s a way to make sure everything is uniform you’re not adding or subtracting.
Q: Can you compare this to multisig security? If the hacker gets both keys, they can steal this.
A: You burn the coins if they get both keys.
Q: What happens if someone spends a coin before you can revoke or destroy them?
A: They cannot spend during the duration of the unvaulting period. You specify this period.
Q: Related to the coinjoin topic, would merklized abstract syntax trees… help with that if you reveal the path with the covenant? The script would actually be… and you reveal the path you spend. So maybe it’s fine to do coinjoins if you don’t get the money stolen?
A: I didn’t understand the question.
Q: Are you familiar with merklized abstract syntax trees? MAST.
A: No.
Q: Okay well we can discuss later.
A: Okay thank you.
Q: Can you use the opcode to make script payments?
A: What?
Q: like 50% from one to another?
A: I don’t follow the use case. It’s programmatic restriction on what payments can go to which outputs. That’s the use case.
Q: Do miners introduce denial of service blow-up?
A: It’s a concern. Your wallet will always know the covenant. If you don’t understand it or agree with it, you don’t accept those coins.
paper http://fc16.ifca.ai/bitcoin/papers/MES16.pdf
coin covenants https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=278122.0


< Christian's Portfolio
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GPDQ¶
GPDQ (Gold Particle Detection and Quantification) is a tool for the analysis of images obtained by inmunogold labeling. It is written in Matlab, and provides a set of functionalities for:
- Project and experimental series management,
- Automatic and semiautomatic image labeling,
- Basic image procesing,
- Data analysis,
- Report generation.
The Matlab APP covers (almost) the whole analysis process, and the objects and functions use a transparent representation of the information (images, csv files and simple data structures) so that they can be used as a complement in the work with other tools or statistical packages.
% Reads the description of the project from a csv file project = GPDQProject.readFromFile('DATA/GABAB1-6M-WT/', 'project.csv'); % Calculates Nearest Neighbour Distances between 5Nm particles [ ~, report] = nndSummary(project.getProjectData(), [5], [5]) % Exports a report to csv report.save('GABAB1-6M-WT.csv');
Requirements¶
GPDQ v1.0 has been written on Matlab R2018b. It requires these toolboxes:
- Image Processing Toolbox (Version 10.3)
- Parallel Computing Toolbox (Version 6.13)
Note
In this version, GPDQ is written using GUIDE objects. It will be migrated to App designer in the next release.
Credits¶
- Author
Luis de la Ossa
Computing Systems Department. University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
- Contributors
Rafael Lujan and Carolina Aguado.
Celular Neurobiology Lab - Faculty of Medicine. University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
MIT License¶
Copyright (c) 2019 Luis de la Ossa. University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain).
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


Page 1 of 1
September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 6:33 am
by Karl G.
Hi everyone, just so you know the server has gone down (physically) and I can't start it up again.
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 6:41 am
by Cagen
Obviously the Large Hadron Collider is the culprit here.
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 8:16 am
by Richard. UK
Just me and you for the moment Cagen, Hows it going then? lol I'm looking forward to the thief updates shooting and equipping a bow will be amazing for me , what is your character name in game?
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 8:22 am
by Cagen
None of the silly Americans are awake yet
I have Exoteric - lv17 Wizard and Cagen - lv10 Thief, none of that dirty cheating adept business.
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 8:53 am
by Sankt Pauli
I eat adepts for breakfast. :J
This sounds not really good, server physically down and you can't restart it?
Ahwell, we just gotta wait and drink some tea i guess. *slurp*
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 10:22 am
by thadiusofx3
Just got word theres a power outtage and that's why the server is down. I'm trying to find someone to go fix it but its like 100 miles away from where i live
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 10:39 am
by Sankt Pauli
Don't stress yourselves too much about it, we are patient alpha-testers. ;]
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 10:57 am
by thadiusofx3
got someone over there right now, trying to instruct him on the phone
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 11:08 am
by thadiusofx3
ok after trying to troubleshoot this thing (restart server, restart modem, etc) I think I have figured out what's wrong.
The server does not have any inputs or outputs attached (no monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc)
When the power goes out it is set to turn back on when the power does so it did that, EXCEPT with no keyboard attached so its getting a keyboard error upon startup (press f1 to continue)
so now trying to locate a keyboard to plug in...
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 11:24 am
by thadiusofx3
Great success! server is now up
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 12:06 pm
by Karl G.
Sweet!!! The server is way faster now!
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 1:05 pm
by thadiusofx3
Yeah the spawn is awesome now
Re: September 10 - Server Down
Posted:
Wed Sep 10, 2008 8:14 pm
by speed3b
The server is faster now? I should plug a poo ton of keyboards into all my computers then.


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- 20131001 : demo for table, part 4.
- 20131002 : demo for table to demonstrate table groups.
- 20131003 : demo for form layout.
- 20131004 : demo for form layout, continue yesterday demo.
- 20131005 : demo for javascript.
- 20131006 : demo for file encoding.
From 20131007, learn design patterns in <Pro.CSS.and.HTML.Design.Patterns>
- 20131007 : demo for text replacement pattern.
- 20131008 : demo for priority of selector.
Design Pattern is too boring, I will return to CSS3 tutorial.
- 20131009 : write a triangle by only using css.
- 20131010 : demo for rotate of block element.
- 20131011 : demo for CSS3 border, add click effect to circle div.
- 20131012 : demo for background properties.
- 20131013 : demo for text effect.
- 20131014 : demo for 2D transforming.
- 20131015 : demo for 3D transforming.
- 20131016 : changing this main page to implement folded list. But I found width property of block element and height property do not have the same transition behavior.
- 20131017 : demo for CSS3 animation.
- 20131018 : demo for CSS3 columns.
- 20131019 : demo for CSS3 borders.
From 20131020, read <<CSS 3 in Action>>.
- 20131020 : demo for CSS3 borders.
- 20131021 : demo for CSS3 table pseudo-classes selector.
- 20131022 : demo for CSS3 list pseudo-classes selector.
- 20131023 : demo for CSS3 list pseudo-classes selector.
- 20131024 : Practice: login demo.
- 20131025 : demo for text-shadow.
- 20131028 : Pixel drawing of HTML 5.
- 20131029 & 20131030 : following demo from Create a Stylish Contact Form with HTML5 & CSS3
- 20131031 : demo for HTML5 canvas animation.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/tokens.html ---
Does anyone know where the list of "registered tokens" is?
/-- Check that the next token is
tk
and consume it.tk
must be a registered token. -/
meta constant tk (tk : string) : parser unit
You can define one as precedence `my_keyword`:0
I'd like to modify some of my tactics so they print out a trace message of what they're doing.
My idea was to have, e.g. backwards_reasoning
, but then be able to write backwards_reasoning?
and get trace ouput.
However ?
isn't an allowed token.
Do you have a suggestion for good syntax for this?
I'm hoping that one day this model might be widespread --- e.g. in Lean 4 we could even imagine your squeeze_simp just be callable by simp?
.
Are you trying to make backwards_reasoning?
the name of the tactic or is ?
a parameter to backwards_reasoning
?
? was meant to be a parameter
I can make this work with !, just via:
meta def backwards_reasoning (trace : parse $ optional (tk "!")) ...
Hmm, it seems #
works fine, maybe that's good enough.
Surely ?
is a token
Somehow !
strikes me as a "work harder!" modifier to a tactic, rather than a "tell me more"
I think rcases
and rintro
use ?
in their parsing, for the hint mode
Okay, I will look at those.
Actually it would be nice if squeeze_simp
was simp?
Ugh...
I get the same error as you but this fixes it:
precedence `?`:0
Awesome, thanks @Simon Hudon.
Presumably this is a bit fragile, but works for now. :-)
I would be careful with that
declaring something as a token makes it unusable as a variable name
maybe that's not a problem here though :)
Does it work if you declare it locally?
I see that rcases
has local postfix `?`:9001 := optional
, which may be a factor in why this works
I am also unclear on the interaction between postfix
and precedence
You can't do anything with local precedence
Even if you could that would make your tactic tricky to use
Yeah.
Aha interesting. So this explains why I could never get rcases?
to work. It only works once I make ?
some kind of notation.
That sounds like a probable explanation. @Mario Carneiro you may need to add precedence `?`:0
in mathlib
oh! I didn't realize rcases?
was broken
This was mentioned several times here, but I guess we need to learn to use GitHub issues instead of only relying on whining here
was it? I don't recall any error reports for rcases?
e.g. https://leanprover.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/113488-general/subject/rcases.3F/near/133503552
oh, I thought that was resolved from the comments
I was sure it was mentioned a couple more times but I can't find it
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


I go by the name Raine. It is taken from the word Lorraine which is my second birth name. I currently work at Accenture as a Software Engineer with Java Programming Language as my primary skill. I can read and write basic level in Korean Language and conversational level in Japanese Language.
When out of the office, I usually spend most of my time in a practice room playing classical music with my instruments. During long vacations, I spend time travelling alone, exploring the world and taking lots of pictures.
I love spending time alone but I also don't mind having some company! Let's be friends!
"Having accumulated experience in both testing and development sides, I can say that most developers have blind spots. It’s the assumptions they make during the design phase and then during actual development. Sometimes corner cases can be missed, sometimes - in larger systems - all consequences can’t possibly be considered. This is because developers follow the system on recognition. However, testers do not. They break that system beyond recognition to achieve results good to be deployed live in production. Therefore, never discriminate each position as they are both essential in the team and I am proud to have gained both skills."
Front-End Development
HTML • Bootstrap • CSSBack-End Development
Java • .NET (VB) • PHP • SQLTesting
Manual • Automated (Katalon, Visual Studio) • APIDigital Arts
Adobe Photoshop • Adobe Illustrator • Adobe PremiereUser Training and Support
Debugging and Troubleshooting
About the System
The system is for Tubod-Baroy Water Disctrict in Pre-Registration, Satellite Collection and Billing System which aims to convert the manual process of the company into online that will help solve and minimize its problems and offer its clients greater quality of service. The proposed system will enrich the manual process that the company uses.
Note: This system is created during my thesis where my main role is a developer and a writer in the introductory documentation.View System (Database included)
About the Site
A GIS (Geographic Information System) is a site designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present spatial or geographic data. This system uses API from Google to locate all 7-Eleven Stores in the entire Philippines. It is entirely clear that 7-eleven is known nationwide and has expanded all over the entire country. However, The system is controlled to display 10 markers only in each island group of the Philippines which is the Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Currently, the system will locate the 7-Eleven stores through a manual data input in the form by a 7-Eleven administrator.
Note: This site is created for fun.About the System
The Stand-alone Alumni Tracer System is developed to keep track of the information of the Alumnus at Iligan Medical Center College. The general objective of this system is to design an Alumni Tracer System that will benefit the College of Computer Studies of the school that will consistently monitor and accurately process the alumni's records.
About the Site
Kouture is a nonexistent apparel company. The site only shows a standard layout of an e-commerce website, where there is a process of buying and selling of goods, or the transmitting of funds or data over an electronic network. Its main goal is to allow consumers to electronically exchange goods with no barriers of time or distance.
The following are the limitations of the site:
About
Small executable applications created with VB.


GirlScript Summer of Code is the 3 month long Open Source program during summers conducted by GirlScript Foundation,started in 2018 .
GIRLSCRIPT INDIA SUMMIT is a celebration of Women, Knowledge, Technology, and Innovation with 70+ Companies/Communities and Startups.
GirlScript Foundation are here with Education Outreach Scholarship under which first 1000 students will get Scholarship in 5 different courses.
A two day bootcamp for the people who are new to the language or brush up their skills
GirlScript Foundation is a section-8 NON PROFIT company registered under the
government of India on 2nd June 2017. GirlScript started as a project has been selected by
Mozilla under Open Leadership program out of 51 open-source projects worldwide. GirlScript
hosts many tech events and coding competition to help you get started and learn computer
programming.
No matter whether you are a beginner or an experienced individual, GirlScript is open
for all.
GirlScript's mission is to encourage individuals to learn how to code and stand out
among the crowd. Along with learning, GirlScript aims to create opportunities and growth via
technical education among various groups of people.
Goals:
GirlScript Jamshedpur is India's fastest growing tech community at the heart of Jharkhand. We believe in uplifting beginners in tech while promoting diversity.


Arrival
Entry into the Bahamas must be made at one of the official Ports of Entry, and the yellow Q flag should be flown within three miles of the port. Notify Customs of your arrival and no one should go ashore until pratique has been granted. Clearance must be done on arrival (within 24 hours) and Customs and Immigration will come to your vessel. Everyone on board must have a passport and fill out an immigration card.
This is the link to the Clearance Forms.
Regular hours for Bahamas Customs and Immigration Officers are 09:00-16:00 weekdays. Officers are on call during holidays and weekends. There is no overtime charge.
The Bahamas can be transited without clearing in until arrival at a Port of Entry at a convenient time, but during transit do not enter a port or go ashore.
Entry Fees
Entry fees must be paid by all visiting yachts (see Fees section below for details) and are inclusive of a cruising permit, fishing permit and departure tax for up to four persons (captain plus 3 crew). Each additional person (over the age of 6) will be charged departure tax. The fees charged cover two entries with a 90 day period. Fees are high if only intending to stay a few days.
The Cruising Permit is issued for 12 months. The current fees are now valid for multiple entries during any 90-day period, which means that a vessel may leave the Bahamas and re-enter within the first 90 days of a Cruising Permit's validity, without payment of any additional fee. For further details see the Customs section below. Note: There is some doubt over the length of time the Cruising Permit is valid. The form states 6 months, the Customs officer says 12 months. (we have been advised that this is because the printed form has not been updated.) It is advisable to ensure your copy is amended.
The Fishing Permit is valid for 3 months. Extensions to this cost an additional $150 for 12 months.
There are no overtime or other charges. One should obtain an official receipt for all fees paid.
On some of the outer islands, the Customs officer may handle all formalities, but in Nassau and other larger ports both the Customs and Immigration officials must be seen. Officials should come to the yacht, but in smaller islands the captain will have to go ashore to find them. Crew must remain on board until clearance is completed. If clearing in at a marina, the marina personnel will call Customs and Immigration after arrival.
Paperwork
Duplicate copies of Maritime Declaration of Health, Inward Report for Pleasure Vessels and crew lists will have to be filled in. A temporary cruising permit for the yacht valid for one year will be granted. This document must remain on board at all times. See Documents for cruising permit extensions.
Every crew member must complete an immigration card, so they may have to accompany the skipper to sign the individual forms.
The Bahamas Customs Clearance form is available online in PDF form. See link in the Customs section below. The Immigration Arrival Card is not available on-line, but both forms can be obtained from The Bahamas Tourist Office, 1200 S. Pine Island Road, Plantation, FL. Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>. They will mail the forms to you if you request it.
Penalties are severe (fines, imprisonment, confiscation of the boat) for not clearing Customs and Immigration.
Movement of vessels is strictly controlled in Nassau, Freeport and George Town, where all yachts are required to clear with the appropriate Harbour Control (VHF Channel 16) when entering and leaving these harbours.
Clearing Out
Before leaving the Bahamas, surrender your copy of the immigration card to the last Bahamian port of call. Departure formalities are simple and boats may leave without formally clearing out, although the cruising permit should be handed in to a Customs officer on departure. If this is not possible, the permit should be returned by mail. However, as some countries, notably the Dominican Republic, require an exit document (Zarpe), this should be obtained on departure from the Bahamas.
In Nassau there is a charge $75 for an exit zarpe. However, if sailing to the Bahamas, the authorities there are happy to accept your Bahamas Cruising permit instead of a zarpe.
See www.bahamas.com/boating-enter-exit for more details.
Last updated November 2015.
Passports are now required for all visitors, including those from the USA and Canada.
Citizens of the U.S.A., Canada, British Commonwealth countries (excluding those of India, Nigeria, Pakistan and Ghana), the EU, most South American and Caribbean countries do not require a visa for stays of 3 months. See Bahamas Ministry of Foreign Affairs for an accurate list.
Citizens of the U.K. and the USA can stay for up to 8 months before requiring a visa.
Single entry visas are valid for 3 months and multi-entry ones for a year.
If arriving by air, a return or onward ticket, as well as sufficient funds for your stay, must be produced. In the event of arriving by air and planning to leave by boat and having arrived without such a ticket, a copy of the cruising permit (with the crew member named on the manifest) must be produced.
A stay of up to six months, which may be extended to eight months, may be granted. Different Immigration officers, in different ports, give varying of amounts of time allowed, when you clear in. A careful note should taken of the time allowed, and be sure to apply for any necessary extension a few days before it expires. This can be done by going to a local immigration officer.
Before the permitted time has expired, including any extensions, one must leave the country either by boat or by air. A copy of the cruising permit, or of any extensions, should be taken abroad to avoid having to show a return ticket to the airline and/or Immigration when re-entering the Bahamas to rejoin a yacht. However, having a refundable return ticket can save much hassle. The original cruising permit must remain aboard the yacht. When leaving by air, a $15 departure tax is collected.
Last updated August 2015.
Customs Clearance Forms
Inward Declaration and Application for Cruising Permit
The Cruising Permit is issued on arrival and is valid for 12 months. The current fees now permit multiple entries during any 90-day period, which means that a vessel may leave the Bahamas and re-enter as many times as they like within the first 90 days of a Cruising Permit's validity, without payment of any additional fee.
Yachts may remain in The Bahamas for a maximum of three years, but yearly extensions after the first year must be obtained from Bahamas Customs in Nassau. Each extension costs $500 payable by bank draft in favour of "The Public Treasury". Procedures for the extension should be started before the expiry of the current permit. Letters of request should be addressed to: Comptroller of Customs, P O Box N.155, Nassau. The number of the existing permit should be quoted and a copy enclosed for reference. More information available by calling<PHONE_NUMBER>.
The cruising permit gives permission to visit all other islands in the Bahamas archipelago. The permit must be presented to officials if requested at any port visited or if boarded by the Royal Bahamas Defence Force. The permit must be retained on board at all times until the cruise is finished, then handed back at the port of exit. If for any reason one is unable to clear outbound, which is not required, the permit should be mailed back from the next destination. Immigration papers should also be returned on exit.
See Fees for information on costs.
Importation Of Spare Parts
As of May 2009, cruising visitors with a valid Bahamas Temporary Cruising Permit are allowed to import boat repair/replacement parts DUTY FREE.
Sale Of Boat Or Equipment On A Cruising Permit
It is illegal to sell or attempt to sell any equipment from your vessel without first declaring such items to Customs and paying import duty and stamp duty, including selling to another foreign vessel on a temporary cruising permit.
Firearms
If you have a firearm on board (shotguns and handguns only) you must declare it with Bahamian Customs. You must provide the serial number, name of the manufacturer, plus an exact count of ammunition.
While you are allowed to have a firearm on your boat, you cannot remove it. Weapons must be under lock and key at all times.
In cases of emergencies, which require your departure by air, you must notify Bahamian Police or Customs. They will accompany you to retrieve the firearm and present you with a receipt. Upon your return to the island, Bahamian Police or Customs will escort you to your vessel and return your firearm. Any infraction of this law will be dealt with severely.
Bicycles And Motorcycles
Bicycles and motorcycles should be listed on the cruising permit when clearing into The Bahamas. If you wish to use them ashore, they should be licensed at the first port of call.
Other Prohibited Items
Knives and other deadly weapons, plants and plant products, meat and meat products (except for your own consumption), pornographic material.
Last updated April 2015.
The health service in the Bahamas is basic, but most of the bigger places do have a small hospital (clinic). The largest hospital is in Nassau where they carry out small operations.
Smaller islands usually just have a clinic with a nurse practitioner.
Amateur Radio
All amateur radio operators wishing to transmit (including email) in The Bahamas need to apply for a Bahamas reciprocal licence from the Public Utilities Commission, P O Box N.4860, Nassau, Bahamas. Send a copy of your licence (US General or higher), a copy of identification which should be birth certificate or passport page, a $25 money order and a letter of request to the Executive Director and Secretary, attention Radio Licensing Department. Allow at least 2 months for processing. The licence runs for a year from the date of its being granted (no longer on a calendar basis as was previously the case).
VHF/SSB
You and your radios currently licensed in your home country are sufficient to transmit in The Bahamas.
Cell Phone
Some cellular phones will work in The Bahamas under roaming agreements, but, if not, you will have to register your phone with BATELCO and make a substantial deposit.
There is a flat fee to clear Customs and Immigration, which is $150.00 for boats up to 30 feet and $300.00 for boats over 30ft. This covers a vessel with up to three people. Additional persons are charged $25 each.
Note: The official Bahamas Customs site (www.bahamas.gov.bs/customs) has not been updated since 2011 and still says 35ft!
This fee includes a cruising permit, a fishing permit (request this endorsement), Customs and Immigration charges and the departure fee and covers a 2nd entry within a 90 day period.
Payment in cash only. Ensure a receipt is obtained from the clearing officer.
Extensions to the fishing permit cost an additional $150 for 12 months.
The cruising permit may be extended for an additional 2 years on application to Customs and payment of a fee of $500 per year's extension (further details above in the Customs section).
There are no overtime or other charges.
For more information on the Cruising Permit see the Noonsite/Customs section.
Last updated February 2016.
Fishing & Diving Regulations
Fishing regulations are strict. A fishing permit, issued at the time of inbound clearance, is included in the cruising permit fee, and valid for 3 months. Confirm at the time of issue, the details of the regulations as those printed on the form are often out of date.
A Sports Fishing Permit must be aboard the boat you are fishing from but individual permits are not required. A fishing permit costs $150 per annum from the Fisheries Department if bought separately. On arrival a fishing permit should be requested from the Customs officer. This is required by any foreign vessel fishing by any method in Bahamian waters. The Permit is valid for hook and line fishing only (see regulations on its reverse) and no more than 6 rods at a time.
Bag limits apply as follows:
Spearfishing is restricted to Hawaiian sling only. Spears, fish traps, nets (excluding landing nets) and spearguns prohibited. You should request that the vessel's Fishing Permit be so endorsed, in writing, on issue. Spearfishing is not allowed within 1 mile of the coast of New Providence, off south coast of Freeport, Grand Bahamas and within 200 yards off the coast of all Outer Islands. Spearing or taking marine animals by any means is prohibited within national sea parks.
Use of Scuba gear or air compressor to harvest fish, conch or crawfish and other marine animals is prohibited.
No marine life at all may be captured in the national marine parks or reserve areas, see below.
The Royal Bahamas Defence Force regularly patrols sensitive areas and has the power to inspect any boat they suspect of flouting either these regulations or the drug laws. They monitor VHF Channel 16.
National Parks
To protect the fragile environment, nature reserves and underwater parks have been established at some islands. Visiting sailors are expected to do their best to cause as little damage as possible, both ashore and afloat. In particular, avoid anchoring in coral, which is easily destroyed by the anchor and rode. Mooring buoys have been installed at some locations and these should be used in preference to anchors.
National Parks, marine and terrestrial, are administered by The Bahamas National Trust (BNT), P O Box N.4105, Nassau, Bahamas, from whom further details may be obtained. The BNT is a non-governmental charitable organization. There are presently 12 protected areas in The Bahamas.
The national marine reserve areas in The Bahamas are:
1. The Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park
A 23 mile long area of the Exuma chain, from Wax Cay Cut in the north to Conch Cut in the south and approximately 8 miles wide, is headquartered at Waderick Wells with a full time park warden and Royal Bahamas Defence Force presence. Be sure to know the boundaries and observe the no-take restrictions of anything dead or alive. Careful and non-destructive anchoring is permitted within the Park except at Waderick Wells where moorings are available. A minimum subscription of $50 to the Support Fleet will entitle the boat to two nights of free mooring while funding management of the Park. Call one day ahead on Channel 16 to reserve a mooring and visit the headquarters (moorings are limited).
2. Pelican Cays Land and Sea Park
Inside North Bar Channel, Great Abaco.
3. Peterson Cay National Park
A 1 ½ acre cay off the south shore of Grand Bahama.
Last updated April 2015
Bahamas Import Requirements
An import permit is required from the Ministry of Agriculture for all animals being brought into the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
A request for such a permit must be made to:-
Director of Agriculture
Department of Agriculture
Levy Building, East Bay Street
P.O. Box N-3704
Nassau, The Bahamas.
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>/9 or<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER> (send extra $5 if applying by fax)
On Line at: www.bahamas.com
The application must be accompanied by a $10.00 processing fee for each animal and a $5.00 fax fee in cases where persons wish to have the permit faxed to them (money order or cash only. No personal cheques will be accepted)
Allow enough time to receive the permit before leaving your home port. See comment at bottom of page on how to speed this process up.
For the U.S. and Canada, the following are the main provisions of the import permit as it applies to dogs and cats:
(a) The animal must be 6 months of age or older.
(b) The animal must be accompanied by a valid certificate which substantiates that it has been vaccinated against rabies within not less than one (1) month and not more than ten (10) months prior to importation for the one (1) year vaccine. For the three (3) year vaccine it must be within no less than one (1) month and not more than thirty-four (34) months prior to importation into The Bahamas.
(c) The animal must be accompanied by a Veterinary Health Certificate presented within 48 hours of arrival in the Commonwealth of The Bahamas to a licensed veterinarian for an examination.
The Permit is valid for one (year and must be used within that time.
Regulations for all other types of animals and relating to countries not mentioned above may be obtained from the Director of Agriculture.
Customs Duty for permanent entry of all animals from outside the Commonwealth of The Bahamas (dogs, cats, cattle and horses) are $10 plus 1/2% of the value of the animal. Yearly fees for dog licenses in New Providence, Grand Bahama and the Family Islands are: male or spayed female, $2; unspayed female $6.
Animals not meeting these requirements will not be allowed to enter the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.
Last updated March 2016.
Important Update May 2016
Exiting the Bahamas with Pets:
Because of a recent outbreak of dog distemper in the Bahamas, new rules have been put into place regarding the exit of pets from the Bahamas. It now takes 5 or more days for a health certificate for your dog/pet to exit the Bahamas, as all paperwork must be sent to Nassau, and approved by the Bahamian Department of Agriculture.
If you are in the Bahamas, make sure your pets are current with all shots, and have your distemper records/certificates in hand. Both USA and Bahamas officials are concerned, making the paperwork a more lengthy process for ALL pets.


Chemics Documentation¶
Chemics is a Python package for developing reactor models.
Requirements¶
The Anaconda or Miniconda distribution of Python is preferred for scientific applications.
- Python 3
- NumPy
Installation¶
Stuff here.
Usage¶
Functions in the chemics package are called with the usual dot syntax for accessing module features. The example below imports the chemics package then calculates the density of a gas based on its molecular weight, pressure, and temperature.
import chemics as cm
cm.rhog(28, 170100, 773)
Modules¶
The following modules are available in the chemics package:


- scan - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.AddBookActivity
-
- scan - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HandOverActivity
-
- scan - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ReceiveActivity
-
- scannedContent - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ScanningActivity
-
- scannerPreview - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ScanningActivity
-
- ScanningActivity - Class in com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities
-
This is the scanning activity.
- ScanningActivity() - Constructor for class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ScanningActivity
-
- search(int) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
Implements search function to update list with all books
that contain a string, entered in the EditText box, in thier description
(case sensitive) sorted so available books appear above request books
- search(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
Implements search function to update list with all books
that contain a string, entered in the EditText box, in thier description
(case sensitive) sorted so available books appear above request books
- SearchActivity - Class in com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities
-
This activity handles the searching feature of the app.
- SearchActivity() - Constructor for class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- SearchActivityTest - Class in com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox
-
Test class for SearchActivity.
- SearchActivityTest() - Constructor for class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.SearchActivityTest
-
- searchAdapter - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- searchAdapter - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
- searchBookInDb(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
This method launches the EditBookActivity after the
ISBN of a book is successfully scanned through the
ScanningActivity
- searchBtn - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- searchButton - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
- searchField - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- searchField - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
- searchList - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- searchList - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
- searchResults - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.SearchActivity
-
- searchResults - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.UserSearchActivity
-
- seeLocation - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ReceiveActivity
-
- setAccepted(Boolean) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Set the accepted state of the request
- setAuthor(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Sets the author associated with the book
- setBook(Book) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Notification
-
Setter for the book attribute
- setBook(Book) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Sets the requested book object
- setBorrowedBooks(ArrayList<Book>) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the books borrowed BY the user
- setBorrower(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Sets the borrower
- setDate(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Notification
-
Setter for the date attribute
- setDate(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Sets the date the request was made
- setDeleteBtn(CollectionReference, CollectionReference, CollectionReference) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.EditBookActivity
-
This method sets up the listener for the "Delete" button of the activity
- setEmail(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the email
- setHeight(Integer) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Image
-
Set the height of the image
- setIsbn(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Gets the image associated with the book
- setLatLng(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Set the location to transfer the book
- setLentTo(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Sets the image associated with the book
- setLocation - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HandOverActivity
-
- setMarkerOnMap(LatLng) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.LocationActivity
-
This method adds the marker of the passed in latLng object
onto the map and zooms in
This is called when there is already a marker set previously by
the book owner in a request and when the book owner is choosing
a location.
- setOwnedBooks(ArrayList<Book>) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the arrya list of books owned by the user
- setOwner(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Sets the image associated with the book
- setOwner(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Request
-
Sets the owner of the requested book
- setPassword(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the password
- setPhone(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the phone number
- setPhotoUrl(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Sets the image associated with the book
- setPhotoUrl(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the image associated with the user
- setRequest(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Notification
-
Set request ID string
- setStatus(int) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Sets the image associated with the book
- setTitle(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
Gets the image associated with the book
- setType(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Notification
-
Setter for the type attribute
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.AddBookActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.EditBookActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.HomeActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ListsActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.MainActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.NotificationsActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ProfileActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.RegisterUserActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.SearchActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUp() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.UserSearchActivityTest
-
Runs before all tests; creates solo instance
- setUpAddBookButton() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
Setting up the onClick listener for the scanning button
Listener launches the AddBook activity to allow the user
to add a new book to his or her collection of books
- setUpdateBtn(CollectionReference) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.EditBookActivity
-
This method sets up the listener for the "Update" button of the activity
- setUpDetector(CameraSource) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ScanningActivity
-
Set up the barcode detector
- setUpFilter() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
This method sets up the OnItemSelected listener and
modifies the list of owned books displayed depending
on the status selected by the user
- setUpHolder(CameraSource) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ScanningActivity
-
Add callback to the surface holder of the scannerPreview
- setUpItemClickListener() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
Setting up the onItemClickListener for the ListView
representing the owned books of the user.
- setUpList() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.fragments.AcceptedFragment
-
Sets up the list of accepted requests
- setUpList() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.fragments.BorrowedFragment
-
Set up the list of borrowed books
- setUpList() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.fragments.OutRequestFragment
-
Set up the list of requested books
- setUpScanningButton() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
Setting up the onClick listener for the scanning button
Listener launches the Scanning activity to obtain a book
description by scanning the ISBN
- setUpSearchingButton() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HomeActivity
-
Setting up the onClick listener for the search button
Listener launches the search activity to find available books
based on if a keyword is in the book description
- setUpSearchingButton() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ProfileActivity
-
Setting up the onClick listener for the search button
Listener launches the search activity to find available books
based on if a keyword is in the book description
- setUpViewPager(ViewPager) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ListsActivity
-
- setUri(Uri) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Image
-
Get the Uri of the image
- setUrl(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Image
-
Set the url of the image
- setUserField(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Notification
-
Set the username of the user who initiated the notification
- setUsername(String) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.User
-
Sets the username
- setWidth(Integer) - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Image
-
Set the Width of the image
- showStatus - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.adapters.BookList
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.AddBookActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.EditBookActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.HomeActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ListsActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.MainActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.NotificationsActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ProfileActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.RegisterUserActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.SearchActivityTest
-
- solo - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.UserSearchActivityTest
-
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.AddBookActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.HomeActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ListsActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.MainActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.NotificationsActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.ProfileActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- start() - Method in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.RegisterUserActivityTest
-
Gets the Activity
- status - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.EditBookActivity
-
- status - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.adapters.BookList.ViewHolder
-
- status - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
- STATUS - Static variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.entities.Book
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.AddBookActivity
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.EditBookActivity
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.HandOverActivity
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ProfileActivity
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.activities.ReceiveActivity
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.adapters.BookList
-
- storageReference - Variable in class com.cmput301f20t14.bookbox.adapters.UserList
-


Mathematical Background
-
- Maps:
- We reserve the term map to refer to vector-valued functions. That is, maps are functions which return more than a single value.
- Graph:
Consider a function \(f : \mathbf{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbf{R}\).
The graph of \(f\) is the set of input-output pairs that \(f\) can attain, that is: \(G(f) := \left \{ (x,f(x)) \in \mathbf{R}^{n+1} : x \in \mathbf{R}^n \right \}.\)
It is a subset of \(\mathbf{R}^{n+1}\).
- Epigraph:
Consider a function \(f : \mathbf{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbf{R}\).
The epigraph, denoted \(\mathop{\bf epi} f\), describes the set of input-output pairs that \(f\) can achieve, as well as “anything above”:
\(\mathop{\bf epi} f := \left \{ (x,t) \in \mathbf{R}^{n+1} ~:~ x \in \mathbf{R}^n, \ \ t \ge f(x) \right \}.\)epi in Greek means “above”
- Level and Sub-level Sets:
Level and sub-level sets correspond to the notion of contour of a function. Both are indexed on some scalar value \(t\).
-
Level sets: is simply the set of points that achieve exactly some value for the function \(f\).

-
Mathematical Formulation [Standard Forms]
-
- Functional Form:
- An optimization problem is a problem of the form
\(p^\ast := \displaystyle\min_x f_0(x) : f_i(x) \le 0, \ \ i=1,\ldots, m\),
where:-
\(x \in \mathbf{R}^n\) is the decision variable;
-
\(f_0 : \mathbf{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbf{R}\) is the objective function, or cost;
-
\(f_i : \mathbf{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbf{R}, \ \ i=1, \ldots, m\) represent the constraints;
-
\(p^\ast\) is the optimal value.
-
-
- Epigraph form:
- TODO
-
- Other Standard-Forms:
- TODO


We're more than a company.
We're a family.
Alex
CEO
Iuliia
COO
Konstantin
Senior Software Engineer
Nick
UX & Product Designer


PICS | 9 images of the devastating KZN tornado aftermath - uprooted trees, dead chickens and a lonesome flower
by Kaveel SinghThe extent of a severe storm that hit parts of KwaZulu-Natal on Tuesday is yet to be fully determined, but pictures from New Hanover on Wednesday shows the damage wreaked by a tornado that claimed at least two lives.
News24 reporter Kaveel Singh was on the ground and captured these images:


LiveSounders Match Day: How to watch, stream the MLS Cup final vs. Toronto FC
by Seattle Times sports staff★ MLS CUP FINAL ★
Seattle Sounders (16-10-8, 56 points)
vs. Toronto FC (13-10-11, 50 points)
12:08 p.m. | CenturyLink Field | Seattle
TV: ABC / Univision (Sp.) | Radio: 950 AM / 1360 AM (Sp.) | Stream: WatchESPN
SOUNDERS STARTING XI
REDS STARTING XI
- Raul Ruidiaz ‘gets it done in big games.’ Here’s how he became the Sounders' secret weapon.
- Sounders fans adore their team in colorful ways — and the feeling is mutual
- Stone: Sounders have 'ridiculous opportunity' to win title in front of home fans
- Mercer Island native Jordan Morris embraced playing a new position and became a Sounders star
- Team of the Decade? Sounders will have a claim — but only if they win Sunday’s MLS Cup
- Stefan Frei didn’t think the Sounders would be back in the MLS Cup so soon: ‘I can’t believe it’
More
A Twitter List by SeaTimesSports
Seattle Times sports staff


MIMIC 1997 A film review by Timothy Voon Copyright 1997 Timothy Voon 1 :-) for the Judas Breed
Cast: Mira Sorvino, Jeremy Northam, Charles Dutton, Giancarlo Giannini, F. Murray Abraham, Josh Brolin, Alexander Goodwin Director: Guillermo Del Toro Screenplay: John Sayles, Steven Soderbergh, Matthew Robbins
Ever thumped a fat bug with a book, and then watch it's insides splatter on the wallpaper? It's the kind of sight that generally grosses people out so I personally prefer spraying the bug to death. It's hands free, hygienic and compact. Why swat the fly when you can fry it with chemicals. This brings me to my point on the big, bad ugly bugs known as the Judas breed. Once the salvation of mankind but now it's demise. Mutated and evolved in a period of three years into horrific flying creatures breeding in the murky depths of a city sewer and feeding silently on fleshy prey.  Imagine the juicy remains on wall or book. Imagine a lot of it. Then imagine wiping the bug insides over yourself over and over again. In "Mimic" the key to survival is the perfume of bug slime, and the aroma of death is none other than human blood.
Now imaging a spider in a feeding frenzy, or a preying mantis cleverly dissecting its prey with razor sharp jaws.  My query - was it really necessary to slaughter the boys - it rather defeats the purpose of an innocent bug hunt.  It isn't everyday that we are made to see a child watch his father pierced with scissor-like fangs and have his blood splatter over him. It's a rather sloppy and insensitive scene if you ask me. The father reaches out for his child and before you know it - splat - lots of holes through the torso and blood foaming at the mouth. How does a child respond to this?
So despite this movie's wanton thirst for blood, bug poop and fascination with bug insides, it does create a confused and fascinating story about the web of life. This time we are the prey and the insect are the predator. It gives as a different perspective on life when the giants are insects, and it's their turn to wreak revenge on humans who wouldn't give two hoots to another bug gone under the boot. The heroine (Mira Sorvino) does a good job faking terror, as she is privileged enough to face the male drone in hand to hand combat and win - politically correct. As for the our Hero (Jeremy Northam), who was the dashing Mr Knightley in Emma, is present dashing about this movie blowing up the female bugs which is not so politically correct. Also our Hero and Heroine are trying to reproduce and are having great difficulty conceiving a child despite repeated attempts.
So I really should have hated this movie more for all the above reasons, but somehow, I didn't and I don't know why. For some unexplained reason my fascination with the big bad insect kept me interested throughout. Personally I would have liked to spray the six legged vermin from a distance, being a "Mortein" kind of a guy; but I guess on occasion I won't mind getting my hands dirty, and slapping a bug or two around for recreational purposes.
Timothy Voon e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Week Five
Experiments
Pixelating webcam video
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Experiment 4
Experiment 5
Experiment 6
Experiment 7
Experiment 8
Experiment 9
Experiment 10
Experiment 11
Experiment 12
Class
go to home page


|
Assimp
5.0.1, master @ cd42b955
|
LWOAnimationResolver utility class. More...
Classes | |
| class | Assimp::LWO::AnimResolver |
| Utility class to build Assimp animations from LWO envelopes. More... | |
| struct | Assimp::LWO::Envelope |
| Data structure for a LWO animation envelope. More... | |
| struct | Assimp::LWO::Key |
| Data structure for a LWO animation keyframe. More... | |
Namespaces | |
| Assimp | |
| Helper structures for the Collada loader. | |
| Assimp::LWO | |
Macros | |
| #define | AI_LWO_ANIM_FLAG_SAMPLE_ANIMS 0x1 |
| Flag for AnimResolver, subsamples the input data with the rate specified by AnimResolver::SetSampleRate(). More... | |
| #define | AI_LWO_ANIM_FLAG_START_AT_ZERO 0x2 |
| Flag for AnimResolver, ensures that the animations starts at zero. More... | |
LWOAnimationResolver utility class.
This is for all lightwave-related file format, not only LWO. LWS isthe main purpose.
| #define AI_LWO_ANIM_FLAG_SAMPLE_ANIMS 0x1 |
Flag for AnimResolver, subsamples the input data with the rate specified by AnimResolver::SetSampleRate().
| #define AI_LWO_ANIM_FLAG_START_AT_ZERO 0x2 |
Flag for AnimResolver, ensures that the animations starts at zero.


Scan Books {{ e }} × Book ID {% csrf_token %} As the scanner machine is unavailable, you need to enter the book id below to continue the process. Submit
#} {# #} {# #} {# {% csrf_token %}#} {# #} {# #} {# Submit#} {##} {# #} {# {{ e }}#} {# #} {# #} {# #} {# #} {#
Daily report Total Books {{ total_book }} Issued Books {{ issued_book }} Books returned {{ returned_book }} Books Lost 0


Find me on Github.
manatee¶
“They aren’t quite pandas. Manatees, the pandas of the sea.”
Manatee is a wrapper class around PySpark DataFrames. It adds some much
needed user-friendliness by providing helper methods to the
pyspark.sql.dataframe.DataFrame
object. It also offers the ability
to pair the dataframe with a pyspark.mllib
classification or
regression model, neatly keeping everything in one place.
This project is in pre-alpha. Check out the documentation.
Contents¶
This project was last updated on 2016-06-17.
Thanks¶
Many thanks to Alexey Svyatkovskiy for his help getting me started with Spark and for his support with my numerous questions !


This is my header
Hello there, awesome person!
This is a link to Amazon!
This is a link to Netflix!
This is a link to Youtube!


The Secret Life of C++: Day 2
Agenda
Basic Objects and subclasses
Virtual methods
Multiple/virtual inheritance
Run Time Type Information
Richard Tibbetts
Last modified: Wed Jan 21 17:31:17 EST 2004


We created a dynamic web page that generates movies via a search bar and displays movie information. We also have a functioning “favorite” button in order to like movies and save them to your profile. If you aren’t sure about the movie try watching the movie trailer by clicking the trailer button! Most importantly this viewable profile displays user favorite movies, and then generates a list of movie recommendations.


Message from the GenSec
Words are the most powerful force of nature. They make. They break. They burn.
They cleanse. They erase. They etch. They inspire!
We, at the Literary and Debating Club, NITW believe that the skill to communicate and the ability to express are fundamental to empower the young to become engaged citizens, skilled professionals and honourable leaders in this global society. We aspire to connect, support and inspire a diverse community of members of the club, the institution and all students at large to foster excellence, a dedication to diligence and a commitment to be tolerant & inclusive, through ❮competitive and otherwise❯ literary, speech and debate activities. The Club sees an initiation of focus on strengthening our skill set and letting each one of its members discover and indulge themselves in their passion whilst always providing a platform to showcase and learn for anyone with a zest for language,verse and good argument !
We strive to make the club an epitome of learning and growth; as our motto goes - Semper Anticus - we shall always strive to move forward !
First Feature
Divide details about your product or agency work into parts. Write a few lines about each one. A paragraph describing a feature will be enough.
Second Feature
Divide details about your product or agency work into parts. Write a few lines about each one. A paragraph describing a feature will be enough.
Third Feature
Divide details about your product or agency work into parts. Write a few lines about each one. A paragraph describing a feature will be enough.
Here is our team
Gigi Hadid
Model
You can write here details about one of your team members. You can give more details about what they do. Feel free to add some links for people to be able to follow them outside the site.
Christian Louboutin
Designer
You can write here details about one of your team members. You can give more details about what they do. Feel free to add some links for people to be able to follow them outside the site.
Kendall Jenner
Model
You can write here details about one of your team members. You can give more details about what they do. Feel free to add some links for people to be able to follow them outside the site.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/116395-maths/topic/question.20about.20game.20theory.html ---
Anyone here know the basics of combinatorial game theory? I don't understand why chess is not an impartial game. I want to consider chess as consisting of a normal chess board, along with a two-sided token, with sides black and white, which starts white side up. On each turn, a player moves a piece of the colour shown on the token (according to the usual rules of chess), and then flips the token over.
This interpretation of chess behaves differently under sum of games than "normal chess" does, but nevertheless, it still seems to be a perfectly reasonable description of chess as an impartial game...?
what is an impartial game?
Not sure what the best references are:
It's not an impartial game because the winner of the game is "the person controlling the black pieces" or "the person controlling the white pieces", not "the person who happens to have made a move corresponding to to black when black won the game" or anything like that.
But in Scott's Chess'
it is just the last player who could make a valid move that wins. You lose if you can't make a valid move.
I either don't understand your objection, Kevin, or agree that Johan's reply answers it.
Another example could be "tic-tac-toe" or "noughts-and-crosses" as an impartial game. Again there is a token (labelled "noughts" and "crosses" on the two sides) which is flipped after each move. On a players turn, if there is not already a line of three marks of the opposite symbol already on the board, they must add one mark of the current symbol to an unfilled square.
I think that is an impartial description of noughts and crosses. (Except that all draws are converted into 1st player wins, because whoever goes second in a drawn game will have no where to put their 5th mark.)
if you formalize impartial games and chess in Lean then maybe I can try to prove it :P
Notice that these games behave very differently under sum of games than the usual versions of chess and noughts and crosses do, which is I think why people don't usually say they are impartial.
I'd been thinking this was a great student project, but I've had this nagging worry I don't understand anything because of not understanding this "chess is not impartial" claim.
If you just regard a game like nim or noughts and crosses as a finite tree of possibilities (and make up some arbitrary rule as to who wins in the event of a tie in noughts and crosses) then of course you can evaluate every position, when considered a regular 2-player game, as a winning or a losing position, and then you can assign nimbers to every node on the tree and there you have it, nim theory applies. This would work for any game for which the game tree is finite. So in this weak sense every game is equivalent to an impartial game.
@Kevin Buzzard I think Scott is trying to use transport of structure. He has an equiv X =~ Y
. Both sides are games, and the equiv seems to respect structure. One of them is impartial, so the other should also be impartial. That's our promise, our mathematician's honour code, right?
So somewhere this breaks down. But I don't see where.
Probably because I don't know what a game is.
So what is the stronger equivalence relation? I guess I'm failing to conceive of a definition of game that distinguishes Chess
and Chess'
.
Obviously they have different rule books.
But this is a step in the wrong direction, at least as far as combinatorial game theory goes. You can drop requirements about the normal play rule, you can consider games with "scores" such as dots and boxes, where the winner is not the player who moves last but the player with the biggest score -- all these games are just people wandering around a game tree, and every game tree can be made into an impartial game, but then I think you're throwing away the structure which Conway et al want to analyse.
You should go back to writing iso_induction
. Then Lean can tell you the answer to your question.
I think you are right Scott, but adding the token changes the game
okay -- but on the "score" issue --- don't you just say that there is a second phase in dots and boxes, where we take turns "counting" our captured squares? (so whoever captured fewer loses once they don't have a next one to count?)
that is, it's not an isomorphism because it's not a bijection
because two chess' positions become one chess position
oh.
Another way to put it is, if we are playing chess, then stop and have lunch and come back, will we know who should continue?
Depends on how much alcohol was consumed
(friends at Berkeley would sometimes just continue their game over lunch, as they apparently didn't need the board or the pieces, let alone the damn token)
I'm not exactly sure what "two chess' positions become one chess position" means. I haven't been thinking of a game as a "set of positions". I thought a game is just a list of games.
(i.e. when you make a move, you've entered a new game)
is there a coordinated dance move that, after performing, will not change the chess board but render the opposite player the one to play?
The way chess or dots and boxes are played normally does not conform with the impartial combinatorial game theory story, but there's nothing to stop you playing them that way. They just become different games, so combinatorial game theory applied in this way will tell you nothing about chess played the usual way
:-( I'm still confused, sorry.
Combinatorial game theory is all about higher invariants beyond who is going to win
So it can tell you things about chess which nobody cares about
ah :-)
Such as what happens if we change the motivation of the players
Noam Elkies wrote an article about combinatorial game theory applied to chess
https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9905198 ?
pretty sure people who play chess have no motivation to start with :P
Not considered as an impartial game, but this whole issue of "how many moves ahead am I"
or else they would be doing perfectoid spaces in Lean
Yes that's the one
The difference between Elkies' analysis and what Scott is suggesting is that Elkies is considering the game in the following form: if black chooses to play in another game then white can choose to play a move on the board with their white pieces, even if white played last. With Scott's modification the moves would be forced to alternate. In the unlikely event that a game of chess does split up into two completely independent subgames then it's Elkies' interpretation which would be the correct one.
Ah, okay, I think I understand. This agrees with what I said above:
Notice that these games behave very differently under sum of games than the usual versions of chess and noughts and crosses do
(Man, I am trying really hard not to write this grant review tonight...)
inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : list game, game
Did you look at ONAG? That's the place to read about how to formalise the theory
In Chess
, the lists L
are R
are different. In Chess'
, they are the same. The same player wins in either, but everything else is different.
Earlier I had just been missing that the definition of a game consisted of _two_ sets of moves, one for L
and one for R
.
By the way, Elkies' claim that combinatorial game theory has something to say about dots and boxes has not really stood the test of time. Many of the top players now know nothing at all about combinatorial game theory, they just know Euler's formula.
Oh, and that definition I gave is wrong, of course. It should be something like
import data.finset inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : finset game, game
but that isn't allowed :-(
In
Chess
, the listsL
areR
are different. InChess'
, they are the same. The same player wins in either, but everything else is different.
Aah, excellent! This is the correct answer: I was somehow edging towards it but this answer is much better. I should re-read ONAG now I know about Lean!
I guess we'll just have some equivalence relations later.
You have to be careful about the equivalence relation.
The same player wins in Chess and Chess'. But if that's your equivalence relation then there are only two games.
Apparently it is: G
and G'
are equivalent if G+H
has the same outcome as G'+H
for all impartial H
.
It's a bit like bool and Prop ;-)
Apparently it is:
G
andG'
are equivalent ifG+H
has the same outcome asG'+H
for all impartialH
.
Aah but then Chess and Chess' won't be equivalent at all.
(And impartial now has a clear meaning: L = R
(... perhaps up to a permutation))
exactly, same outcome, different combinatorial games
I am now slightly annoyed that I am not going to work today -- my copy of ONAG is sitting on my shelf in my office.
Oh, and that definition I gave is wrong, of course. It should be something like
import data.finset inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : finset game, gamebut that isn't allowed :-(
That's one thing that the QPF stuff should support!
Scott, this is exactly the sort of mathematics that people who like computer science are into. It would not surprise me if this stuff had all been formalised before in another prover.
QPF? Ah: https://lean-forward.github.io/lean-together/2019/slides/avigad.pdf
Scott -- this might be a really good project for your students. I searched online and nothing immediately jumped out at me
How come list game is allowed but finset game is not?
(In the definition of game)
You could define a game_aux with lists and then put some equivalence relation on it and then make the constructor and eliminator that you want
I feel obligatory to note that the version with one node instead of two nodes is the hereditarily finite sets and should be in mathlib
@Kenny Lau can you get Scott's definition to compile? The empty game is a game and all other games can be built using what Scott says. I think. Find a copy of Conway's "On numbers and games" to check the formal definition
it won't compile
this had been discussed before
But can you make it already? Wait -- I think all numbers are games too
it is in mathlib, kenny
Take a look at Conway's definition in the book
that's what I mean
by "should"
I wish I could remember this stuff better, it's been a while
English is confusing
it is set_theory.lists
, although it hasn't been developed much
I wanted to make a setting for naive set theory like you might find in Kevin's problem sets
for stuff like {2, {3, 4}, {}}
i.e. construct a model of ZFC-I
It seems to us, however, that mathematics has now reached the stage where
formalisation within some particular axiomatic set theory is irrelevant,
even for foundational studies. It should be possible to specify conditions on a
mathematical theory which would suffice for embeddability within ZF
(supplemented by additional axioms of infinity if necessary), but which do
not otherwise restrict the possible constructions in that theory. Of course the
conditions would apply to ZF itself, and to other possible theories that have
been proposed as suitable foundations for mathematics (certain theories of
categories, etc.), but would not restrict us to any particular theory. This
appendix is in fact a cry for a Mathematicians' Liberation Movement!
Among the permissible kinds of construction we should have:
(i) Objects may be created from earlier objects in any reasonably con-
constructive fashion.
(ii) Equality among the created objects can be any desired equivalence
relation.
From ONAG, appendix to part 0. (i) says he wants a calculus of inductive constructions. (ii) says he wants to be able to transport certain constructions along equivalence relations. That's what I want too.
ONAG := Conway, "On numbers and games".
Seems to me that
inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : set game, game
And so you can start by constructing the zero game by letting L and R be the empty set. Notation G = {L|R} for game.intro L R
But then there's an equivalence relation on these games
Two games G and H have the same _value_ if G - H = 0; G - H is defined to be G+(-H), -{L|R} is defined to be {R|L}, addition is defined recursively with {GL|GR}+{HL|LR}={{g+H : g in GL} union {G+h : h in HL}|{g+H : g in GR} union {G+h : h in HR}}, and G=0 is defined to mean that the game is a second player win.
The winner of a game is defined recursively. Why can't I implement this all in Lean? Is it too wacky to be an inductive type?
It seems pretty reasonable. Lean compiles the inductive type a bit strangely. Defining addition requires some work to prove well-foundedness, but doesn't seem impossible.
inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : list game, game def game.L : game → list game | (game.intro L R) := L def game.R : game → list game | (game.intro L R) := R instance : has_neg game := { neg := λ G, game.intro G.R G.L } -- fails with well-foundedness errors: def add : game → game → game | G₁@(game.intro L₁ R₁) G₂@(game.intro L₂ R₂) := game.intro (L₁.map(λ G, add G G₂) ++ L₂.map(λ G, add G₁ G)) (R₁.map(λ G, add G G₂) ++ R₂.map(λ G, add G₁ G))
I think we'd want to define list.map_mem
, to get the sizeof
inequalities. Something like:
def list.map_mem {α β : Type} : Π (L : list α) (f : Π a : α, a ∈ L → β), list β | [] f := [] | L@(h :: t) f := f h (by simp) :: (list.map_mem t (λ a h, f a (or.inr h))) def add : game → game → game | G₁@(game.intro L₁ R₁) G₂@(game.intro L₂ R₂) := game.intro (L₁.map_mem(λ G h, add G G₂) ++ L₂.map_mem(λ G h, add G₁ G)) (R₁.map_mem(λ G h, add G G₂) ++ R₂.map_mem(λ G h, add G₁ G))
so now at the recursive site we have h : G ∈ L₁
, etc.
(This still doesn't work.)
Ages ago I was playing around with this and wrote this file. https://github.com/ChrisHughes24/leanstuff/blob/master/game.lean I did define what it means for a position to be winning, and there's an unfinished proof of the winning strategy for the game discussed in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KABcmczPdg I also started to define noughts and crosses.
Here's where I got to: https://gist.github.com/semorrison/8d9d72be5b89bc57c02a7c0f1e32a5ed
Awww, no syntax highlighting. I can't parse Lean without it :confounded:
I successfully defined addition of games using the definition above, and a very hackish tactic to proving monotonicity of the recursion.
Presumably a generic version of lemma game.sizeof_mem (L : list game) (G : game) (h : G ∈ L) : game.sizeof G < sizeof L :=
is already available somewhere?
Seems to me that
inductive game : Type | intro : Π L R : set game, game
It's in theory possible to have this inductive with finset
. With set
it's inconsistent:
import logic.function constant game : Type constant game.intro : set game → set game → game constant {u} game.rec {C : game → Sort u} : (∀ L R, C (game.intro L R)) → ∀ g, C g axiom {u} game.rec_eq {C : game → Sort u} (H : ∀ L R, C (game.intro L R)) (L R) : game.rec H (game.intro L R) = H L R def game.right : game → set game := game.rec (λ L R, R) theorem game.right_eq (L R) : (game.intro L R).right = R := game.rec_eq _ _ _ example : false := @function.cantor_injective game (game.intro ∅) $ λ R R' e, (game.right_eq ∅ _).symm.trans $ (congr_arg game.right e).trans (game.right_eq ∅ _)
Hmm. game
is a proper class, so Cantor's diagonal argument does not apply.
Have you heard of the hypergame paradox? There is actually a contradiction lurking, and it has to do with thinking that there is only one type of all games. Saying it's a proper class doesn't save you, it only reinterprets what set game
means
right -- I don't want to allow an arbitrary collection of games -- only collections "small enough to be sets".
I think you have to do some kind of pSet
like construction to get that
it seems pretty essentially set-theoretic
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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Build a Private Blockchain Notary Service
Blockchain ID validation routine
| Criteria | Meet Specification |
|---|---|
|
Web API post endpoint validates request with JSON response. |
Response should contain message details, request timestamp, and time remaining for validation window. User obtains a response in JSON format with a message to sign. Message format = [walletAddress]:[timeStamp]:starRegistry The request must be configured with a limited validation window of five minutes. When re-submitting within validation window, validation window should reduce until it expires. URL: http://localhost:8000/requestValidation |
|
Web API post endpoint validates message signature with JSON response. |
Web API post endpoint validates message signature with JSON response. Upon validation, the user is granted access to register a single star. |
Star registration Endpoint
| Criteria | Meet Specification |
|---|---|
|
Web API Post Endpoint with JSON response. |
Star object and properties are stored within the body of the block. Star properties include the coordinates with encoded story. Star story supports ASCII text, limited to 250 words (500 bytes), and hex encoded. |
Star Lookup
| Criteria | Meet Specification |
|---|---|
|
Get star block by hash with JSON response. |
Response includes entire star block contents along with the addition of star story decoded to ascii. URL: http://localhost:8000/stars/hash:[HASH] |
|
Get star block by wallet address (blockchain identity) with JSON response. |
Response includes entire star block contents along with the addition of star story decoded to ascii. Multiple stars might be registered to a single blockchain identity. The response should support multiple star blocks.  URL: http://localhost:8000/block/[HEIGHT] |