Beats Black Friday 2019 deal: Save $50 on the Powerbeats Pro
Siri-powered sports headphones at their lowest price
by Richard EastonIf you're after a pair of truly wireless headphones that won't fall out of your ears then you'll want to pick up the Beats Powerbeats Pro - currently $50 off for Black Friday and lowest price yet.
ADVERTISEMENT
|
|
Amazon: Powerbeats Pro (Various colors) - Save $50 | Buy Now $199.95 |
Best of all, the whole range of colors are available with this big saving. Apple only started rolling out the extra hues after initially releasing the Powerbeats Pro in black so now's your chance to pick a hue that suits.
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
The truly wireless headphones have 9 hours of battery life with a further 24 hours courtesy of the charging case. As the Powerbeats Pro are designed for sports, they'll stay securely in your ears, which isn't something you can really say about the AirPods (still, if you're after Apple's other truly wireless headphones, check out our AirPods Black Friday page where you can pick up some savings.)
Get faster delivery and more: Amazon Prime 30-day free trial
The Powerbeats Pro have hands-free Siri access, so just say "Hey Siri" to summon the digital assistant. You have identical controls on each earphone, allowing you to control volume and skip tracks with ease.
|
|
Amazon: Powerbeats Pro (Various colors) - Save $50 | Buy Now $199.95 |
If you're after more Black Friday deals goodness, be sure to check out our other articles now that Black Friday is well and truly here.
- Smartwatch Black Friday 2019
- Apple Watch Black Friday
- Fitbit Black Friday
- Garmin Black Friday
- Samsung Black Friday
- Fossil Black Friday
Wareable has affiliate partnerships and may receive a commission if you click a link to a retailer and make a purchase. These affiliate partnerships help to support the work we do and do not influence the products we cover or how we cover them. Read our Editorial Promise.


This document describes how to build your programs using the cc65 development tools and the GNU Make utility.
The cc65 development package doesn't come with a make utility. However this is no issue because GNU Make works very nicely with cc65.
GNU Make is a both very powerful and very popular make utility. It might even be called the de facto standard for make utilities. For more information see the GNU Make home page:
http://www.gnu.org/software/make/
The cc65 development package is available as binaries for several host systems and can easily built for quite some additional systems. The very same is true for GNU Make so a cc65-based project coming with a GNU Make Makefile can easily be built by any cc65 developer no matter what host system is used.
Because of the strong alignment of the cc65 compiler with the ISO C standard it is very well feasible to compile a single C code base both with the cc65 compiler and other C compilers like for example GCC. GNU Make turns out to be very well suited to build projects for several target systems using multiple compilers as it isn't tied to any C compiler.
This Makefile is a fully functional sample for compiling several C sources
(here foo.c
and bar.c
) and link the resulting object files into an
executable program (here foobar
):
SOURCES = foo.c bar.c
PROGRAM = foobar
ifdef CC65_TARGET
CC = cl65
CFLAGS = -t $(CC65_TARGET) --create-dep $(<:.c=.d) -O
LDFLAGS = -t $(CC65_TARGET) -m $(PROGRAM).map
else
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -MMD -MP -O
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(PROGRAM).map
endif
########################################
.SUFFIXES:
.PHONY: all clean
all: $(PROGRAM)
ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean)
-include $(SOURCES:.c=.d)
endif
%.o: %.c
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
$(PROGRAM): $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^
clean:
$(RM) $(SOURCES:.c=.o) $(SOURCES:.c=.d) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).map
Important: When using the sample Makefile above via copy & paste it is necessary to replace the eight spaces at the beginning of command lines (lines 26, 29 and 32) with a tab character (ASCII code 9).
Without any specific configuration the sample Makefile will compile and link
using GCC. In order to rather use cc65 the variable CC65_TARGET
needs to be
defined. This may by done as an environment variable or simply as part of the
Makefile. However to quickly switch between compilers and/or cc65 targets it is
best done on the GNU Make command line like this:
make CC65_TARGET=c64
Most parts of the sample Makefile follow the guidelines in the GNU Make Manual that can be searched online for background information. The automatic generation of dependency however rather works as described by the GNU Make maintainer Paul D. Smith in "Advanced Auto-Dependencies". Fortunately both GCC and cc65 directly support this method in the meantime.
The recommended way to use GNU Make on Windows is to install it as part of a Cygwin environment. For more information see the Cygwin home page:
If however installing Cygwin shouldn't be an option for one or the other reason then the sample Makefile may be invoked from the Windows Command Prompt (cmd.exe) by downloading the following programs:
The very limited resources of the cc65 target machines now and then require
manual optimization of the build process by compiling individual source files
with different compiler options. GNU Make offers
Target-specific Variable Values
perfectly suited for doing so. For example placing the code of the two modules
foo
and bar
in the segment FOOBAR
can be achieved with this
target-specific variable definition:
foo.o bar.o: CFLAGS += --code-name FOOBAR


{% load static %}
America's best cars are here!
123 Racing St, Raceway, CA 91190, US
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+ 01 234 567 88
+ 01 987 654 32


type: object
| Field | Required | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
address_components |
optional | Array<AddressComponents> | An array containing the separate components applicable to this address. See AddressComponents for more information. |
formatted_address |
optional | string | The human-readable address of this location. |
geometry |
optional | Geometry | See Geometry for more information. |
place_id |
optional | string |
A unique identifier that can be used with other Google APIs. For
example, you can use the place_id in a Places API request
to get details of a local business, such as phone number, opening hours,
user reviews, and more. See the
place ID overview.
|
plus_code |
optional | PlusCode | See PlusCode for more information. |
types |
optional | Array<string> |
The types[] array indicates the type of the returned
result. This array contains a set of zero or more tags identifying the
type of feature returned in the result. For example, a geocode of
"Chicago" returns "locality" which indicates that "Chicago" is a city,
and also returns "political" which indicates it is a political entity.
|


Read and write JSON Web Keys (JWK, rfc7517), generate and verify JSON Web Signatures (JWS, rfc7515) and encode/decode JSON Web Tokens (JWT, rfc7519). These standards provide modern signing and encryption formats that are the basis for services like OAuth 2.0 or LetsEncrypt and are natively supported by browsers via the JavaScript WebCryptoAPI.
| Version: | 0.2 |
| Depends: | openssl (≥ 1.0) |
| Imports: | jsonlite |
| Suggests: | spelling, testthat, knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-04-12 |
| Author: | Jeroen Ooms [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Jeroen Ooms <jeroen at berkeley.edu> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/jeroen/jose/issues |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/jose/documents/ https://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#jose https://github.com/jeroen/jose |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Language: | en-US |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | jose results |
| Reference manual: | jose.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Reading/Writing JSON Web Keys (JWK) in R Encoding/Decoding JSON Web Tokens (JWT) in R |
| Package source: | jose_0.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: jose_0.2.zip, r-release: jose_0.2.zip, r-oldrel: jose_0.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: jose_0.2.tgz, r-oldrel: jose_0.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | jose archive |
| Reverse suggests: | openssl |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=jose to link to this page.


XmlHierarchyConfigurator overview
| XmlHierarchyConfigurator Constructor | Construct the configurator for a hierarchy |
| Configure | Configure the hierarchy by parsing a DOM tree of XML elements. |
| Equals (inherited from Object) | Determines whether the specified Object is equal to the current Object. |
| GetHashCode (inherited from Object) | Serves as a hash function for a particular type, suitable for use in hashing algorithms and data structures like a hash table. |
| GetType (inherited from Object) | Gets the Type of the current instance. |
| ToString (inherited from Object) | Returns a String that represents the current Object. |
| ConvertStringTo | Converts a string value to a target type. |
| CreateObjectFromXml | Creates an object as specified in XML. |
| Finalize (inherited from Object) | Allows an Object to attempt to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before the Object is reclaimed by garbage collection. |
| FindAppenderByReference | Parse appenders by IDREF. |
| MemberwiseClone (inherited from Object) | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. |
| ParseAppender | Parses an appender element. |
| ParseChildrenOfLoggerElement | Parses the children of a logger element. |
| ParseLevel | Parses a level element. |
| ParseLogger | Parses a logger element. |
| ParseRenderer | Parses an object renderer. |
| ParseRoot | Parses the root logger element. |
| SetParameter | Sets a parameter on an object. |
XmlHierarchyConfigurator Class | log4net.Repository.Hierarchy Namespace


This link shortener is using ethereum smart contracts as its backend! We are not responsible for any content you see after this page.


The current application setup is for so-called "evergreen" browsers; the last versions of browsers that automatically update themselves.
Please ensure you are using one of the following browsers:


If this option is set, only the listed files will be restored from the backup.
The filenames must be relative to the filesystem that the backup was made from,
so if you backed up /home and wanted to just restore /home/foo
you would enter foo into this field.


|
AGsearch
Lightweight command line Search Engine for Ancient Greek Documents
|
Document object that contains text string. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| def | __init__ (self, List[str] chunks, bool has_chunks, bool is_clean, str text_id) |
| Constructor for text/document object. | |
| str | read_text (cls, str path) |
| read the content of the path and return it as a string. | |
| str | to_lower (cls, str txt) |
| transform all characters of the string to lower case. More... | |
| str | remove_stop_words (cls, str txt) |
| remove stop words starting from longer | |
| str | remove_punk (cls, str txt) |
| replace punctuations with spaces | |
| str | remove_accent (cls, str txt) |
| remove accents from ancient greek characters More... | |
| str | remove_non_greek (cls, str txt) |
| remove non greek characters from texts More... | |
| def | remove_multiple_space (cls, str txt) |
| replace multiple space with a single space | |
| def | clean_chunk (cls, str txt) |
| Clean text chunk. More... | |
| str | clean_text (cls, str text) |
| Text cleaning procedure if scikit learn procedure does not satisfy. More... | |
| Dict[str, int] | get_terms (cls, List[str] chunks, str sep) |
| Obtain term count from given chunks. More... | |
| def | from_info (cls, TextInfo info, str chunk_sep=" ") |
| create text from text info More... | |
| Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] | to_doc_counts (self) |
| obtain doc per term count from term frequency dict More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| chunks | |
| chunks of strings attributed to text. | |
| has_chunks | |
| whether text has a single chunk or multiple chunks | |
| is_clean | |
| whether text is cleaned up before considered as a valid document | |
| text_id | |
| a unique identifier for the text in the collection | |
Document object that contains text string.
| def agsearch.text.Text.clean_chunk | ( | cls, | |
| str | txt | ||
| ) |
Clean text chunk.
Cleaning implies here that we are removing non greek characters and replacing multiple spaces with a single space.
| str agsearch.text.Text.clean_text | ( | cls, | |
| str | text | ||
| ) |
Text cleaning procedure if scikit learn procedure does not satisfy.
Text cleaning procedure for given string. It is very likely that text cleaning procedure of existing libraries such as scikit learn and others are not adapted to handle ancient greek documents, so we implement our own procedure. This does not handle every case that can be attested in the entire corpora. However it does remove any non greek characters if they exist and make all characters lower case for easy comparison. We also compare forms without accents since they are more or less a later adopted convention.
| def agsearch.text.Text.from_info | ( | cls, | |
| TextInfo | info, | ||
| str | chunk_sep = " " |
||
| ) |
create text from text info
| info | info we are going to use for creating text |
| chunk_sep | we assume that text inside chunk is separated by space |
Create a text/document from given text info
| Dict[str, int] agsearch.text.Text.get_terms | ( | cls, | |
| List[str] | chunks, | ||
| str | sep | ||
| ) |
Obtain term count from given chunks.
| chunks | a set of text parts. |
| sep | separator for text inside chunk |
We strip each term using sep and for each resulting non empty string we increment its slot in terms dictionary
| str agsearch.text.Text.remove_accent | ( | cls, | |
| str | txt | ||
| ) |
remove accents from ancient greek characters
| str agsearch.text.Text.remove_non_greek | ( | cls, | |
| str | txt | ||
| ) |
remove non greek characters from texts
Using cltk's filter_non_greek() function. The function simply uses unicode code points to determine whether a given character is considered as greek or not.
| Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] agsearch.text.Text.to_doc_counts | ( | self | ) |
obtain doc per term count from term frequency dict
From term frequency dictionary which contains term frequencies per document, we obtain document per term count.
| str agsearch.text.Text.to_lower | ( | cls, | |
| str | txt | ||
| ) |
transform all characters of the string to lower case.
| txt | string object |


Collaboratively administrate empowered markets via plug-and-play networks. Dynamically procrastinate B2C users after installed base benefits. Dramatically visualize customer directed convergence without revolutionary ROI.
Efficiently unleash cross-media information without cross-media value. Quickly maximize timely deliverables for real-time schemas. Dramatically maintain clicks-and-mortar solutions without functional solutions.
Completely synergize resource taxing relationships via premier niche markets. Professionally cultivate one-to-one customer service with robust ideas. Dynamically innovate resource-leveling customer service for state of the art customer service
Collaboratively administrate empowered markets via plug-and-play networks. Dynamically procrastinate B2C users after installed base benefits. Dramatically visualize customer directed convergence without revolutionary ROI.
Efficiently unleash cross-media information without cross-media value. Quickly maximize timely deliverables for real-time schemas. Dramatically maintain clicks-and-mortar solutions without functional solutions.
Collaboratively administrate empowered markets via plug-and-play networks. Dynamically procrastinate B2C users after installed base benefits. Dramatically visualize customer directed convergence without revolutionary ROI.


---
layout: en/default
class: partners
title: Partners
lang: en
permalink: /partners
redirect_from: /partners/
theme: dark
---
{% assign isv = "" | split: "" %}
{% assign resellers = "" | split: "" %}
{% assign InstitutionalPartners = "" | split: "" %}
{% for partner in site.data.partners %}
{% if partner.type == 'isv' %}
{% assign isv = isv | push: partner %}
{% elsif partner.type == 'resellers' %}
{% assign resellers = resellers | push: partner %}
{% elsif partner.type == 'institutional' %}
{% assign InstitutionalPartners = InstitutionalPartners | push: partner %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
Our ecosystem of hosting, technology and value added partners helps us ensure that Rocket.Chat is the best match for your organizationOfficial Global Partners
View Partners
Become a Partner
See what who is already our partners are saying about their experiences with Rocket.Chat
Our partners
From installation and configuration to the development of features, bots and integrations, Technology Partners act as Rocket.Chat reseller experts to ensure Rocket.Chat fits your company needs.
Our partners
Licensed partners that have their own operating system platform and uses Rocket.Chat Self-Managed Enterprise license to improve their offer to end customers.
Our partners
Companies that support our open source ecosystem to continue evolving.
Become a partner
Become a Partner or download our Partnership brochure to find out how you could become an approved Rocket.Chat partner
Become a Partner Download Brochure


Check your
Hacktoberfest 2017
Status
This website is designed for
Hacktoberfest 2017
organsied by
Digital Ocean
, which helps you to check your progress on the Hacktoberfest accurately. The public data is parsed from the Github and are shown in the webpage using Git REST API v3.
Go!


 A benchmark allows you to test new algorithms against reference datasets OR (inverted benchmark) submit challenging data to reference algorithms.
Organize a benchmark on Codabench. Start with our tutorial.
Interested in joining the development team? Join us on Github or contact us directly.
Codabench is a platform allowing you to flexibly specify a benchmark. First you define tasks, e.g. datasets and metrics of success, then you specify the API for submissions of code (algorithms), add some documentation pages, and [CLICK] your benchmark is created, ready to accept submissions of new algorithms. Participant results get appended to an ever-growing leaderboard.
You may also create inverted benchmarks in which the role of datasets and algorithms are swapped. You specify reference algorithms and your participants submit datasets.
CodaLab Competitions is a powerful open source framework for running competitions that involve result or code submission. You can either participate in an existing competition or host a new competition.
Most competitions hosted on Codalab are machine learning (data science) competitions, but Codalab is NOT limited to this application domain. It can accommodate any problem for which a solution can be provided in the form of a zip archive containing a number of files to be evaluated quantitatively by a scoring program (provided by the organizers). The scoring program must return a numeric score, which is displayed on a leaderboard where the performances of participants are compared.
Codalab was created in 2013 as a joint venture between Microsoft and Stanford University. Originally the vision was to create an ecosystem for conducting computational research in a more efficient, reproducible, and collaborative manner, combining worksheets and competitions. Worksheets capture complex research pipelines in a reproducible way and create "executable papers". Currently, we are developing the V2 of Codalab, which will be able to organize benchmarks.
Some competitions have been organized using worksheets, but the competition platform and the worksheet platform have both a large user base and can be used independently. In 2014, ChaLearn joined to co-develop Codalab competitions. Since 2015, University Paris-Saclay is community lead of Codalab competitions, under the direction of Isabelle Guyon, professor of big data. Codalab is administered by CKCollab and the LRI staff.
Codalab is used actively in research. In 2019/2020, 400 new challenges were launched. Recent popular challenges organized with Codalab include the COVID-19 retweet prediction challenge, the ECCV 2020 ChaLearn LAP Fair face recognition challenge, the 2020 DriveML Huawei Autonomous Vehicle Challenge, and high profile challenges include the 2 million Euro prize of the EU, organized by the See.4C consortium, the CIKM AnalytiCup 2017, which attracted 493 participants, MSCOCO (633 participants) and the ChaLearn AutoML challenge 2017 (687 participants).
Since 2016, Codalab offers the possibility of organizing machine learning challenges with code submission. The simplest machine learning challenges require only the submission of results, which are compared to a solution (or key) by a scoring program. Result submission challenges are less computationally expensive than code submission challenges. However, they offer less possibilities. In particular, code submission allows conducting fair benchmarks by executing submitted code in the same condition for all participants.
Codalab has been providing free resources for challenge organizers who want to run high impact events, within a pre-approved agreed upon budget. New since version 1.5: organizers can hook up their own compute workers to the backend of Codalab to redirect the code submissions, enabling growth to big data competitions running at the expense of the organizers. For very special dedicated projects, Codalab can be customized since it is an open source project.
August 2020: Codalab exceeds 50,000 users, 1000 competitions (over 400 in the last year), and ~600 submissions per day!
July 2020: We launched a new Learning to Run a Power Network competition, in collaboration with ChaLearn and RTE. We have a robustness and an adaptability track. This is an NeurIPS 2020 competition.
May 2020: We released a new application to help instructors use challenges in the classroom and grade them called Chagrade.
April 2020: The NeurIPS AutoDL challenge ended. But the series of challenges on Automated Deep Learning, in collaboration with ChaLearn, Google Zurich, and 4Paradigm continues with AutoSeries and AutoGraph.
June 2019: We organized a data science bootcamp at Data Science Africa 2019 in the form of a challenge to detect Malaria parasites in microscope images.
September 2018: The LAL and CERN are organizing a challenge to reconstruct particle trajectories in high energy physics detectors. After the success of the first phase with result submission only, a second phase with code submission will be run on Codalab. TrackML is an officially selected challenge of the NIPS 2018 conference.
August 2018: Codalab is proud to host the third challenge on Automatic Machine Learning: Lifelong Machine Learning with drift. AutoML3 is an officially selected challenge of the NIPS 2018 conference.
February 2018: 2 million Euro Big Data EU prize powered by Codalab.
February 2018: Isabelle Guyon presents Codalab at the newly formed Institute of Convergence DataIA
January 2018: Paris-Saclay master students create challenges for L2 students.
January 2018: Paris-Saclay instructors create reinforcement learning homework.
December 2017: Codalab exceeds 10000 users with 480 competitions (145 public)
December 2017: Codalab presented at the Challenges in Machine Learning workshop [slides].
November 2017: Explore the new features: scale up your code submission competition with your own compute workers (full privacy, dockers); organize RL challenges and hook up simulators providing data on demand (with your own "ingestion program"); use the ChaLab wizard to create competitions in minutes.


--- layout: page title: Rolling in Food subtitle: Accessibility in the kitchen and low carb food. use-site-title: false ---


King Online Book
+919461701016
Review & Winning proof
Previous
Next
Cricket
Tennis
Footboll
Casino
All Type Game
Already Joined 35K+ users and enjoying.
24x7 customer service available.
24 hour withdrawal available (unlimited time)
Your Information is 100% Secured with us.
100% Genuine and
Secured
Facebook
Instagram
Telegram
Whatsapp
Call Support


Technological Revolution
Tech Revolution-Tab 1
A technological revolution generally increases productivity and efficiency. It may involve material or ideological changes caused by the introduction of a device or system. Some examples of its potential impact are business management, education, social interactions, finance and research methodology; it is not limited strictly to technical aspects.
The technological revolution rewrites the material conditions of human existence and can reshape culture. It can play a role as a trigger of a chain of various and unpredictable changes.
Tech Revolution-Tab 2
Tech Revolution-Tab 3
A technological revolution generally increases productivity and efficiency. It may involve material or ideological changes caused by the introduction of a device or system. Some examples of its potential impact are business management, education, social interactions, finance and research methodology; it is not limited strictly to technical aspects. The technological revolution rewrites the material conditions of human existence and can reshape culture. It can play a role as a trigger of a chain of various and unpredictable changes.
What distinguishes a technological revolution from a random collection of technology systems and justifies conceptualizing it as a revolution are two basic features:
1. The strong interconnectedness and interdependence of the participating systems in their technologies and markets.
2. The capacity to transform profoundly the rest of the economy (and eventually society)
The consequences of a technological revolution are not necessarily positive. For example, innovations, such as the use of coal as an energy source, can have negative environmental impact and cause technological unemployment. Schumpeter described this contradictory nature of technological revolution, creative destruction.[3] The concept of technological revolution is based on the idea that technological progress is not linear but undulatory.
A technological revolution generally increases productivity and efficiency. It may involve material or ideological changes caused by the introduction of a device or system. Some examples of its potential impact are business management, education, social interactions, finance and research methodology; it is not limited strictly to technical aspects. The technological revolution rewrites the material conditions of human existence and can reshape culture. It can play a role as a trigger of a chain of various and unpredictable changes.


Project developed by Kaique Vieira
Angular 4 / Bootstrap 4
.NET Core / Entity Framweork Core / DDD / AutoMapper / Dependency Injection


Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols. A "dumb" protocol which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI (or server module). This document describes both protocols.
As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb" protocol URLs to smart URLs. This permits all users to have the same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most efficient transport available to them.
URL Format
URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:
http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart>
Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL
will stand for
the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.
Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL
, as
both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
supplied $GIT_URL
string.
An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:
$GIT_URL: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
URL request: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355
An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:
$GIT_URL: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
URL request: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack
An example of a request to a submodule:
$GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs
Clients MUST strip a trailing /
, if present, from the user supplied
$GIT_URL
string to prevent empty path tokens (//
) from appearing
in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand
$GIT_URL/info/refs
as foo/info/refs
and not foo//info/refs
.
Authentication
Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the HTTP server software.
Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within their HTTP server to control repository access.
Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of authentication or access control.
Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based authentication, such as Digest authentication.
SSL
Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.
Session State
The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless from the perspective of the HTTP server side. All state MUST be retained and managed by the client process. This permits simple round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to worry about state management.
Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in order to function correctly.
Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly. Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1). Servers SHOULD ignore any cookies sent by a client.
General Request Processing
Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily limited to):
If there is no repository at $GIT_URL
, or the resource pointed to by a
location matching $GIT_URL
does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
with 200 OK
response. A server SHOULD respond with
404 Not Found
, 410 Gone
, or any other suitable HTTP status code
which does not imply the resource exists as requested.
If there is a repository at $GIT_URL
, but access is not currently
permitted, the server MUST respond with the 403 Forbidden
HTTP
status code.
Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response bodies.
Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response bodies.
Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.
Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match request headers.
Servers MAY return 304 Not Modified
if the relevant headers appear
in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat
304 Not Modified
identical to 200 OK
by reusing the cached entity.
Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.
Discovering References
All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by discovering the references available on the remote repository.
Dumb Clients
HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover references by making a request for the special info/refs file of the repository.
Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET
request to $GIT_URL/info/refs
,
without any search/query parameters.
C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0
S: 200 OK
S:
S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint
S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master
S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0
S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}
The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
text/plain; charset=utf-8
, but MAY be any content type.
Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
application/x-git-
.
Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the returned entity.
When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
status code. Valid responses are 200 OK
, or 304 Not Modified
.
The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name
according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include
the default ref named HEAD
.
info_refs = *( ref_record )
ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref
any_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
peeled_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF
Smart Clients
HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the "smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.
The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
service=$servicename
, where $servicename
MUST be the service
name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.

Smart Server Response
If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
the server MUST respond with the 403 Forbidden
HTTP status code.
Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply format for the requested service name.
Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the returned entity.
The Content-Type MUST be application/x-$servicename-advertisement
.
 When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs
, but
instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.
Clients MUST validate the status code is either 200 OK
or
304 Not Modified
.
Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
matches the regex ^[0-9a-f]{4}#
. If this test fails, clients
MUST NOT continue.
Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line records.
Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is # service=$servicename
.
Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.
Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic 0000
end
pkt-line marker.
The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref
named HEAD
as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability
declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.
The returned response contains "version 1" if "version=1" was sent as an Extra Parameter.
smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
"0000"
*1("version 1")
ref_list
"0000"
ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list
empty_list = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)
non_empty_list = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
*ref_record
cap-list = capability *(SP capability)
capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A
ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref
any_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF
Smart Service git-upload-pack
This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL
.
Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack
.
C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
C:
C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
C: 0000
S: 200 OK
S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
S: Cache-Control: no-cache
S:
S: ....ACK %s, continue
S: ....NAK
Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response. Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers to prevent caching of the response.
Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
server advertises capability allow-tip-sha1-in-want
or
allow-reachable-sha1-in-want
.
compute_request = want_list
have_list
request_end
request_end = "0000" / "done"
want_list = PKT-LINE(want SP cap_list LF)
*(want_pkt)
want_pkt = PKT-LINE(want LF)
want = "want" SP id
cap_list = capability *(SP capability)
have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)
TODO: Document this further.
The Negotiation Algorithm
The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows (C = client, S = server):
init step:
C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.
C: Place any object seen into set advertised
.
C: Build an empty set, common
, to hold the objects that are later
determined to be on both ends.
C: Build a set, want
, of the objects from advertised
the client
wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.
C: Start a queue, c_pending
, ordered by commit time (popping newest
first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from
the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
Commits MUST only enter the queue once.
one compute step:
C: Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack
request:
C: 0032want <want #1>...............................
C: 0032want <want #2>...............................
....
C: 0032have <common #1>.............................
C: 0032have <common #2>.............................
....
C: 0032have <have #1>...............................
C: 0032have <have #2>...............................
....
C: 0000
The stream is organized into "commands", with each command appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line, the text leading up to the first space is the command name, and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value. Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of the pkt-line value.
Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear at all in the request stream:
-
"want"
-
"have"
The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (0000
).
A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending multiple commands.
The have
list is created by popping the first 32 commits
from c_pending
. Less can be supplied if c_pending
empties.
If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
received one of those back from s_common
, or the client has
emptied c_pending
it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
the server know it won’t proceed:
C: 0009done
S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:
Verify all objects in want
are directly reachable from refs.
The server MAY walk backwards through history or through the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.
If no "want" objects are received, send an error: TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.
If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error: TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.
Create an empty list, s_common
.
If "have" was sent:
Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.
For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
a ref, add it to s_common
. If a commit is added to s_common
,
do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in have
.
S: Send the git-upload-pack response:
If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the request ends with "done", it replies with the pack. TODO: Document the pack based response
S: PACK...
The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear in stream 2.
Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.
If the server needs more information, it replies with a status continue response: TODO: Document the non-pack response
C: Parse the upload-pack response: TODO: Document parsing response
Do another compute step.
Smart Service git-receive-pack
This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL
.
Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack
.
C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
C:
C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
C: 0000
C: PACK....
S: 200 OK
S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
S: Cache-Control: no-cache
S:
S: ....
Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response. Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers to prevent caching of the response.
Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body. Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.
update_request = command_list
"PACK" <binary data>
command_list = PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
*(command_pkt)
command_pkt = PKT-LINE(command LF)
cap_list = *(SP capability) SP
command = create / delete / update
create = zero-id SP new_id SP name
delete = old_id SP zero-id SP name
update = old_id SP new_id SP name
TODO: Document this further.
References
RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL) RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.1 link:technical/pack-protocol.html link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html


public interface IFlowCacheService extends IService
public interface APIs to Big Switch Flow-Cache Service. Flow-Cache maintains the network-level flows that are currently deployed in the underlying network. The flow cache can be queried using various filters by using the corresponding APIs.
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
IFlowCacheService.FCQueryEvType
The flow cache query event type indicating the event that triggered the
query.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static java.lang.String |
FLOWCACHE_APP_INSTANCE_NAME |
static java.lang.String |
FLOWCACHE_APP_NAME |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
addFlow(MessageContext cntx,
OFMatchWithSwDpid ofm,
java.lang.Long cookie,
SwitchPort swPort,
short priority,
byte action)
Add a flow to the flow-cache - called when a flow-mod is about to be
written to a set of switches.
|
boolean |
addFlow(java.lang.String appInstName,
OFMatchWithSwDpid ofm,
java.lang.Long cookie,
long srcSwDpid,
short inPort,
short priority,
byte action)
Add a flow to the flow-cache - called when a flow-mod is about to be
written to a set of switches.
|
void |
deactivateFlowCacheBySwitch(long switchDpid)
Deactivates all flows in the flow cache for which the source switch
matches the given switchDpid.
|
void |
deleteAllFlowsAtASourceSwitch(IOFSwitch sw)
Delete all flow from the specified switch
|
void |
deleteFlowCacheBySwitch(long switchDpid)
Deletes all flows in the flow cache for which the source switch
matches the given switchDpid.
|
boolean |
moveFlowToDifferentApplInstName(OFMatchReconcile ofMRc)
Move the specified flow from its current application instance to a
different application instance.
|
void |
querySwitchFlowTable(long swDpid)
Post a request to update flowcache from a switch.
|
void |
submitFlowCacheQuery(FCQueryObj query)
Submit a flow cache query with query parameters specified in FCQueryObj
object.
|
static final java.lang.String FLOWCACHE_APP_NAME
static final java.lang.String FLOWCACHE_APP_INSTANCE_NAME
void submitFlowCacheQuery(FCQueryObj query)
The queried flows are returned via the flowQueryRespHandler() callback that the caller must implement. The caller can match the query with the response using unique callerOpaqueData which remains unchanged in the request and response callback.
query
- the flow cache query object as inputcom.bigswitch.floodlight.flowcache#flowQueryRespHandler
void deactivateFlowCacheBySwitch(long switchDpid)
switchDpid
- Data-path identifier of the source switchvoid deleteFlowCacheBySwitch(long switchDpid)
switchDpid
- Data-path identifier of the source switchboolean addFlow(java.lang.String appInstName, OFMatchWithSwDpid ofm, java.lang.Long cookie, long srcSwDpid, short inPort, short priority, byte action)
appInstName
- Application instance nameofm
- openflow match objectcookie
- openflow-mod cookiesrcSwDpid
- source switch dpidinPort
- input portpriority
- openflow match priorityaction
- action taken on the matched packets (PERMIT or DENY)boolean addFlow(MessageContext cntx, OFMatchWithSwDpid ofm, java.lang.Long cookie, SwitchPort swPort, short priority, byte action)
cntx
- the cntxofm
- the ofmcookie
- the cookieswPort
- the sw portpriority
- the priorityaction
- the actionboolean moveFlowToDifferentApplInstName(OFMatchReconcile ofMRc)
Note that, if the flow was not found in the current application instance then the flow is not moved to the new application instance.
ofMRc
- the object containing the flow match and new application
instance name.void deleteAllFlowsAtASourceSwitch(IOFSwitch sw)
sw
- void querySwitchFlowTable(long swDpid)
swDpid
-


Kimm Moore is a culinary and pastry professional with 10+ years of experience. With diverse a work experience in bakeries, hotels, and other restaurants, Kimm's technical skill and wisdom grew exponentially. Not only was kitchen intellicult was gained, a dedicated worth ethic and positive value-system resulted after years of conscientiousness work.
As of 2020, Kimm is enrolled at Bellevue College (Bellevue, WA) stuyding to recieve her Associates Degree in Digital Marketing. Marketing and Advertsing has intrigued and stimulated the business side of her mind. Deciding to switch careers is simoustanly challenging and rewarding.
Reach out to Kimm for paid digital marketing internships


Home
Manual
Floppy
Download
Remote
Screenshots
Config
Status
Configuration
This is the CosmosEx configuration terminal. Use Cursor Keys to navigate.


All Tickets
Total Tickets
{{totalTickets}}
Open
{{openTicketCount}}
Closed
{{closeTicketCount}}
In Progress
{{inProgressTicketCount}}
| Ticket Id | Name | Category | Description | Location | Assignee | Status | Created At |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RITM{{ticket._id.substr(ticket._id.length - 3) | uppercase}} | {{ticket.createdByName}} | {{ticket.requestType}} | {{ticket.description}} | {{ticket.address}} | {{ticket.assignedToName || '-'}} | {{ticket.status}} | |
| No Record Found |


Browse the American Football formations available in our Github repo. Read the README if you want to use for your website or project.


Simulated data based on a National Center for Education Statistics study of where high school sophomores are ten years later


Crown: Supreme authority.
Spear: Far reaching protection and development of practical skills.
Open Hand: Blessing for protection.
Peacock: Represents vanity and desires. To attain spiritual bliss, one must tame the peacock in them.
The Snake: Expression of human ego.
Banana Tree: Abundance and fertility.
Boyish Appearance: Innocent and pure intentions.
Flower Garland: Represents devotion.
Yellow Clothes: Represents the earthly realm.
Burning Lamp: Represents pure knowledge illuminating ignorance.


Classes 1) handling the parsed XSL-FO document, 2) modeling the fo: declarations and color profile objects, and 3) used as base objects for the XSL-FO model objects (in the sub-packages).


Namespace R6Api.Models
Classes
Alias
Alias Data of User
Api
Custom
Custom R6Tab Data
LeaderboardPlayer
OperatorData
Operators
Every Property in this class is in the form of a Dictionary where key value is the name of the operator, with a capital first letter.
OperatorStats
Player
Premium
Profile
RankedAS
Ranked Data for AS Region for Rainbow6
RankedBase
RankedEU
Ranked Data for EU Region for Rainbow6
RankedNA
Ranked Data for NA Region for Rainbow6


Loading saved posts...
Notes
{{item.notes}}
No notes.
ID: {{item.id}} - Saved on {{item.createdDate | date: "MMM dd, yyyy"}} Update Delete
A valid URL is required.
Your URL is too long. Limit 150 characters. Why are you changing this, anyway?
A title is required.
Your title is too long. Limit 300 characters.
 Limit 500 characters. Go write a book or something.


{{template "base" .}} {{define "main"}}
Got something cute? Submit it here. Please note that all submissions must be reviewed by our admin for optimal cuteness.


|
ABBCCOIN
|
#include <main.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| bool | DoS (int nDoSIn, bool fIn) const |
| IMPLEMENT_SERIALIZE (READWRITE(this->nVersion);nVersion=this->nVersion;READWRITE(nTime);READWRITE(vin);READWRITE(vout);READWRITE(nLockTime);) void SetNull() | |
| bool | IsNull () const |
| uint256 | GetHash () const |
| bool | IsFinal (int nBlockHeight=0, int64_t nBlockTime=0) const |
| bool | IsNewerThan (const CTransaction &old) const |
| bool | IsCoinBase () const |
| bool | IsCoinStake () const |
| bool | IsStandard () const |
| bool | AreInputsStandard (const MapPrevTx &mapInputs) const |
| unsigned int | GetLegacySigOpCount () const |
| unsigned int | GetP2SHSigOpCount (const MapPrevTx &mapInputs) const |
| int64_t | GetValueOut () const |
| int64_t | GetValueIn (const MapPrevTx &mapInputs) const |
| int64_t | GetMinFee (unsigned int nBlockSize=1, enum GetMinFee_mode mode=GMF_BLOCK, unsigned int nBytes=0) const |
| bool | ReadFromDisk (CDiskTxPos pos, FILE **pfileRet=NULL) |
| std::string | ToStringShort () const |
| std::string | ToString () const |
| void | print () const |
| bool | ReadFromDisk (CTxDB &txdb, COutPoint prevout, CTxIndex &txindexRet) |
| bool | ReadFromDisk (CTxDB &txdb, COutPoint prevout) |
| bool | ReadFromDisk (COutPoint prevout) |
| bool | DisconnectInputs (CTxDB &txdb) |
| bool | FetchInputs (CTxDB &txdb, const std::map< uint256, CTxIndex > &mapTestPool, bool fBlock, bool fMiner, MapPrevTx &inputsRet, bool &fInvalid) |
| bool | ConnectInputs (CTxDB &txdb, MapPrevTx inputs, std::map< uint256, CTxIndex > &mapTestPool, const CDiskTxPos &posThisTx, const CBlockIndex *pindexBlock, bool fBlock, bool fMiner) |
| bool | ClientConnectInputs () |
| bool | CheckTransaction () const |
| bool | AcceptToMemoryPool (CTxDB &txdb, bool fCheckInputs=true, bool *pfMissingInputs=NULL) |
| bool | GetCoinAge (CTxDB &txdb, uint64_t &nCoinAge) const |
Public Attributes | |
| int | nVersion |
| unsigned int | nTime |
| std::vector< CTxIn > | vin |
| std::vector< CTxOut > | vout |
| unsigned int | nLockTime |
| int | nDoS |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const int | CURRENT_VERSION =1 |
Protected Member Functions | |
| const CTxOut & | GetOutputFor (const CTxIn &input, const MapPrevTx &inputs) const |
Friends | |
| bool | operator== (const CTransaction &a, const CTransaction &b) |
| bool | operator!= (const CTransaction &a, const CTransaction &b) |
The basic transaction that is broadcasted on the network and contained in blocks. A transaction can contain multiple inputs and outputs.
| bool CTransaction::AreInputsStandard | ( | const MapPrevTx & | mapInputs | ) | const |
Check for standard transaction types
| [in] | mapInputs | Map of previous transactions that have outputs we're spending |
| bool CTransaction::ConnectInputs | ( | CTxDB & | txdb, |
| MapPrevTx | inputs, | ||
| std::map< uint256, CTxIndex > & | mapTestPool, | ||
| const CDiskTxPos & | posThisTx, | ||
| const CBlockIndex * | pindexBlock, | ||
| bool | fBlock, | ||
| bool | fMiner | ||
| ) |
Sanity check previous transactions, then, if all checks succeed, mark them as spent by this transaction.
| [in] | inputs | Previous transactions (from FetchInputs) |
| [out] | mapTestPool | Keeps track of inputs that need to be updated on disk |
| [in] | posThisTx | Position of this transaction on disk |
| [in] | pindexBlock | |
| [in] | fBlock | true if called from ConnectBlock |
| [in] | fMiner | true if called from CreateNewBlock |
| bool CTransaction::FetchInputs | ( | CTxDB & | txdb, |
| const std::map< uint256, CTxIndex > & | mapTestPool, | ||
| bool | fBlock, | ||
| bool | fMiner, | ||
| MapPrevTx & | inputsRet, | ||
| bool & | fInvalid | ||
| ) |
Fetch from memory and/or disk. inputsRet keys are transaction hashes.
| [in] | txdb | Transaction database |
| [in] | mapTestPool | List of pending changes to the transaction index database |
| [in] | fBlock | True if being called to add a new best-block to the chain |
| [in] | fMiner | True if being called by CreateNewBlock |
| [out] | inputsRet | Pointers to this transaction's inputs |
| [out] | fInvalid | returns true if transaction is invalid |
| unsigned int CTransaction::GetLegacySigOpCount | ( | ) | const |
Count ECDSA signature operations the old-fashioned (pre-0.6) way
| unsigned int CTransaction::GetP2SHSigOpCount | ( | const MapPrevTx & | mapInputs | ) | const |
Count ECDSA signature operations in pay-to-script-hash inputs.
| [in] | mapInputs | Map of previous transactions that have outputs we're spending |
| int64_t CTransaction::GetValueIn | ( | const MapPrevTx & | mapInputs | ) | const |
Amount of bitcoins coming in to this transaction Note that lightweight clients may not know anything besides the hash of previous transactions, so may not be able to calculate this.
| [in] | mapInputs | Map of previous transactions that have outputs we're spending |
|
inline |
Amount of bitcoins spent by this transaction.
| bool CTransaction::IsStandard | ( | ) | const |
Check for standard transaction types


Home About us Baalbaki at a glance What we do Values and Mission Awards and Recognition Served industries Indusrty Trade Real estate & Agriculture News Room Projects Gallery Photos Videos Contact us Contact Details Contact Form Careers
Home About us Baalbaki at a glance What we do Values and Mission Awards and Recognition Why the Turtle Served industries Indusrty Trade Real estate & Agriculture News Room Gallery Contact us Contact Details Contact Form Careers


This class is the main class for N-gram language modelling.
Public Fields
-
int n
- The order of the N-Gram
-
real* unigrams
- The unigram probability entries, 1 for every vocab word
-
LMInteriorLevelWordList* next_level
- Points to the start of the language model tree structure
-
LMCache* cache
- The cache used for fast LM lookup
Public Methods
-
LMNGram( int n_, Vocabulary* vocab_ )
- Creates an empty N-Gram data structure.
Public Members
-
Adds a new entry to the N-gram
-
'order' is the order of the entry (ie.
-
The 'words' array needs to be in oldest-word-first order
-
([w1 w2 w3] for trigram entry)
-
'prob' is the log probability for the entry
-
'bo_wt' is the log back-off weight for the entry.
-
Finds the N-gram probability of a given word sequence, with full
-
backoff
-
'order' is the number of words in the 'words' array
-
The ordering in 'words' is W3,W2,W1,W4 for a 4-gram query
Documentation
This class is the main class for N-gram language modelling.
After language model entries have been added, lookups with full
backoff can be performed.
- int n
- The order of the N-Gram
- real* unigrams
- The unigram probability entries, 1 for every vocab word
- LMInteriorLevelWordList* next_level
- Points to the start of the language model tree structure
- LMCache* cache
- The cache used for fast LM lookup
- LMNGram( int n_, Vocabulary* vocab_ )
- Creates an empty N-Gram data structure. 'n_' is the N-gram order.
- Adds a new entry to the N-gram
- Adds a new entry to the N-gram
- 'order' is the order of the entry (ie.
- 'order' is the order of the entry (ie. 2 for a bigram entry).
- The 'words' array needs to be in oldest-word-first order
- The 'words' array needs to be in oldest-word-first order
- ([w1 w2 w3] for trigram entry)
- ([w1 w2 w3] for trigram entry)
- 'prob' is the log probability for the entry
- 'prob' is the log probability for the entry
- 'bo_wt' is the log back-off weight for the entry.
- 'bo_wt' is the log back-off weight for the entry. If order is
- Finds the N-gram probability of a given word sequence, with full
- Finds the N-gram probability of a given word sequence, with full
- backoff
- backoff
- 'order' is the number of words in the 'words' array
- 'order' is the number of words in the 'words' array
- The ordering in 'words' is W3,W2,W1,W4 for a 4-gram query
- The ordering in 'words' is W3,W2,W1,W4 for a 4-gram query
- This class has no child classes.
- Author:
- Darren Moore<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Alphabetic index HTML hierarchy of classes or Java
This page was generated with the help of DOC++.


Personal background:
I have tripped mushrooms and DXM dozens of times, as well as a few scattered acid trips. I have also used opium and am a daily weed smoker.
Set and Setting:
I generally plans my trips about a week in advance, and make sure that I am in the right mental state for the trip. However, this time was different. I had just attended a concert and was simply longing for a psychedelic perspective. Acting somewhat impulsively, I ate approximately 2 grams of dank mushrooms at exactly midnight. I spent the majority of the trip lying in my bed.
----------------------------------------
The Experience:
00:00 ? I ate two relatively large caps, which in his experience are about a gram each. I chewed them thoroughly before swallowing them with water. I then washed my face and brushed his teeth and prepared for bed.
00:20 ? I was very slightly high from the concert, but for the most part feel nothing significant. I layed in bed listening to music.
00:45 ? I have had several psychedelic rushes over the last few minutes, and am quickly entering the experience. These rushes seem more visual than mental, and are like a stone being occasionally thrown into a pond. The dark stillness of the room is suddenly broken by colored ripples that flow across my vision. These mushrooms are taking longer to kick in than I remember from previous experiences. I feel vaguely like I was in an airplane beginning to take off.
01:00 ? The effects are constantly increasing, and visual distortions are becoming stronger. Sizes and proportions are greatly altered, although it is difficult to determine what specifically is different. My hands and arms seem shrunken and elongated, and my cat’s body appears to be several yards long. I see faint lines and patterns that are changing colors, but they are still relatively faint. I believe the tail ends of my marijuana high are helping to drive these visuals and give them color. I am still experiencing very little mind fuck, and can think clearly. This trip seems less mental and more visual than most of my previous trips.
02:00 ? The peak of the trip occurred somewhere on the 1:30 ?2:00 range. The visuals where roughly the same intensity from an hour onward, but the mental effects peak somewhere during this time. The world looks very “shroomy” and is overlade in colored moving lines that bend and flow and look somewhat like lines on a topographical map. When I closes my eyes the visuals are much stronger, and pulse and move with the music.
02:30 ? Although the visuals are still strong, the peak has passed and I feel vaguely empty. For some reason, I don’t feel like I'm is tripping, even though the world looks very distorted.
03:00 ? The last half hour has been somewhat boring. I somehow feel un-stimulated mentally, and instead am rolling grudgingly with the experience. The trip is not incredibly strong, and is very neutral mentally. I feel neither happiness nor sadness, and instead feel somewhat tired and unnecessarily drugged.
03:30 ? I understand better why tripping should not be done impulsively and late at night. I am not having a bad trip, it is just not overly exciting and it is keeping me from sleep. I feel stimulated, and the shroomy world doesn’t feel very magical.
03:35 ? I decide that I am done with this trip, and am ready for bed. I fish around in my pill stash until I find a small redish pill. It is a 25mg Quetiapine (Seroquel). These pills are extremely sedating. I occasionally use these to help me sleep, since it kicks Ambien’s ass, and is the only drug I have tried that lets me sleep the whole night without interruption. I have heard that Seroquel works like Thorazine, and can help to end a psychedelic experience.
03:50 ? I feel more tired, and strangely more sober, but this is probably mostly placebo.
04:00 ? About 25 minutes after taking the pill I feel VERY sedated, and my visuals are at about 20% of what they were before the pill. I get up and go to the bathroom, and I see some texturing on the tile floor, but nothing like earlier in the experience.
04:10 ? I feel very heavy, and close my eyes and fall asleep easily. I have never been able to fall asleep only 4 hours after dosing mushrooms.
10:30 ? I wake up and feel slightly hung over, as tends to happen after a short night on any sleeping pill.
Conclusion and Thoughts:
I was surprised how well the Seroquel worked in helping me relax and eventually sleep. Besides the sedating effects of the pill (which really are quite powerful), the Seroquel seemed to directly cancel the effects of the psychedelic. It destroyed the visuals, and made the world seem much more sane. The only downside was the hangover, and the drug seemed to entirely block the positive afterglow I often get from a night of tripping, and instead left me feeling tired and wiped out.
I think it is a much more positive experience to ride out a trip if possible, since this leaves me happy and surprisingly energetic the next day. However, I was impressed with the Seroquel, and would recommend it as a last ditch action to abort a bad trip. I wasn’t tripping very hard when I took the pill, but I think it would still work at least partially for a stronger trip. Whenever I trip in the future, I will keep Seroquel on hand as a final safety measure to avoid bad experiences.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


URL:
Redirect to:
Added:
Original archive.org link:
Other archives (created each time shortened URL is created to this destination):
Archived at
Link


Cardsharp is a tool for moving files from one directory (which we’ll call src) to another directory (which we’ll call dst) according to some specific rules. Once started, it will remain running until stopped (either by clicking on the stop button or by closing the window). You can drop files into src while the application is running and it won’t miss a beat.
This application will need access to your hard drive. If you click on “Help” and then “Report a Bug” it will attempt to open a web browser to point to GitHub. If you click on a hyperlink in this document it will try to open your default email client to send me a message. It does nothing else with the network, and may be run disconnected without any loss of important functionality.
Any file that has a four-digit 24-hour timestamp in the filename in the range 0000-2359. Cardsharp will interpret the timestamp as the time the file should be moved. At any given time in a given day, Cardsharp looks to find all files with a timestamp before the current moment. These files will be moved from src to dst.
On the left you’ll see a list of all the timestamped files found in src. On the right you’ll see a list of all the timestamped files found in dst. This way you can at-a-glance ensure files are being moved appropriately.
Rob Hansen, rob@hansen.engineering.


Follow Watch Star
View the Project on GitHubSyafiqHadzir/UiTM-eArabisasi
Developer's Website
Complete Changelogs


In order to match you with friends who are compatible with you, we need to ask you a few short questions about yourself!
What's your age?
What's your gender?
What's your sexuality?
What's your sign?
What's your personality?
What's your favorite music genre?
Are you interested in a short-term or long-term friendship?
What are your hobbies?
What is your profession?


FTC Over IP
This panel order.
To close
Would you like to clear the log?
Connection Failed!
Please try to reconnect again.


Department of Advanced Science and Technology
University of Computer Studies
B.C.Sc/B.C.Tech. ( Third Year)
Computer Organization
Final Term Examination
Digital System Design II(CT-305)
September, 2017
Zone III
Answer ALL Questions
Time allowed 3hours.
| No. | HDL format | Assembly |
| 1. | AC:= M(X) | LD X |
| 2. | M(X):=AC | ST X |
| 3. | DR:=AC | MOV DR, AC |
| 4. | AC:=DR | MOV AC, DR |
| 5. | AC:=AC+DR | ADD |
| 6. | AC:=AC-DR | SUB |
| 7. | AC:=AC and DR | AND |
| 8. | AC:=not AC | NOT |
| 9. | PC:=M(adr) | BRA adr |
| 10. | If AC=0 then PC:= M(adr) | BZ adr |
Table(4-b)
(20 marks)


A
graduate of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.
An IT Professional versed in Web Development, Front-end Engineer, Back-end Developer, Software Developer, Systems Installation, Mobile Developer, Project Manager, Maintenance and Computer Operations.
Skilled in all aspects of office management, interpersonal communication and customer service.
An accomplished competition programmer, leader and team manager.


Currency Exchanger
Enter amount in US-dollars:
Pick currency you want:
Norway- Norwegian Krone
Rwanda- Rwandan Franc
New Zealand- New Zealand Dollar
Mexico- Mexican Peso
Tanzania- Tanzanian Shilling
Other
Convert Currency
Sorry, at this time we are limited to only the options listed in the dropdown menu.


On this page we have one controller, hence one |$scope|.
The HTML contents of the controller is rendered directly after the
step-by-step instructions, and directly before the Peri$scope buttons.
Also above the Peri$scope buttons, but floated to the right and
in a fixed-width font, is a "view-source" kind of rendering of same the
HTML contents. The view-source text will be more useful on other demo pages.
Below we'll introduce you to some of the functionality of Peri$scope.
- Check the "key" checkbox and then click the #psb# to see the initial state.
Notice the inheritance chain (dashed line) and the parent-child relationship
(solid blue line). Our controller |$scope| has no properties yet.
If you selected Angular v1.3 or higher, you'll notice that |$rootScope|
has an $id of 1.
In Angular v1.2, the $id is "001", and in Angular 1.0, the $id is "002".
- Uncheck the "key" checkbox.
Add a primitive then click the
#psb# to see the change. The |$scope| property name has a yellow background,
indicating that it is a new property.
- Change the primitive value then
click the #psb#. The |$scope| property value has a yellow background,
indicating that it has changed.
- Delete the primitive, click
the #psb#. The top row of the |$scope| node is highlighted, indicating that a
property has been removed.
- Click the "del pics" button to delete the Peri$scope images associated
with this browsing session.
- Add an array, click the #psb#.
The yellow highlighting should be self-explanatory.
Array values have a light blue background.
- Change an array element value, click the #psb#.
- Add an array element, click the #psb#.
- Delete an array element, click the #psb#.
- Add an object, click the #psb#.
Objects have a light purple background.
- Add an object property, click the #psb#.
- Delete an object property, click
the #psb#.
- Check the "$$watchers" checkbox and then click the #psb# to see the
watch listeners that Angular automatically added because of the
{{}}s that we're using in the HTML. To get the actual
function names of the watch listeners, ensure that an unminified
version of Angular is loaded. Note that this is an experimental
feature, and it is probably only useful to see how many watch listeners
are attached to a scope.
- Uncheck the "$$watchers" checkbox.
Peri$scope can handle nested structures. Click the #rb# to delete the
images and clear the diff history.
Add some nested structures,
then click the #psb#.
Note that the "reset all" button is similar to the #rb#.
(Each Peri$scope browser tab/window has its own state.)


Runs the callback whenever the user has stopped scrolling.
EventTarget.addEventListener()
to listen for the 'scroll'
event.setTimeout()
to wait 150
ms until calling the given callback
.clearTimeout()
to clear the timeout if a new 'scroll'
event is fired in under 150
ms.


The verification is based on a calibration curve of multiplication corrected doubles rate vs. effective 240Pu mass [1]. The multiplication corrected doubles rate Dc is calculated from the singles and doubles rates, the alpha value, rho-zero, and a constant k. The alpha value α is calculated [1] from the Pu isotopic composition and the alpha weight. The alpha weight is a factor used to weight the alpha value calculated for pure oxide; e.g., for pure oxide the alpha weight is 1 and for pure metal the alpha weight is 0. Rho-zero is the ratio of the doubles to singles rates times (1 + α) for a nonmultiplying item of 240Pu. The constant k is 2.062 in Ref. 1; a value of 2.166 (default) makes k consistent with the multiplicity analysis parameters below. The effect of switching between 2.062 and 2.166 is small for most items. The calibration curve has the form Dc = a + bm, where a and b are calibration constants. Otherwise, the analysis procedure is the same as for the passive calibration curve procedure.


Coding Quiz Challenge!
Try to answer the following code-related questions within the time limit. Keep in mind that incorrect answers will penalize your score/time by 15 seconds!
Try to answer the following code-related questions within the time limit. Keep in mind that incorrect answers will penalize your score/time by 15 seconds!


example11_simple_events - add simple event callbacks
e.g. onclick, onmouseover, onmouseout
To Notice: If funcyTag property is an "on" method (e.g. onblur, onmouseover, etc...) then it will be an event callback on that object.
For example, the behavior when you move your mouse over any of these boxes, is controlled by this property which was added to the funcyTag:
onmouseover: function(elem,evt) {
elem.style.backgroundColor = 'black';
elem.style.color = 'white';
}
next: example11b_simple_events_w_render top: all js examples


Welcome to the A/B Testing dashboard. Manage your A/B Testing Experiments here. More information is available at our documentation wiki.
- Experiment{% if experiments|length != 1 %}s{% endif %}
- {{experiments|length}}
- Intervention Point{% if intervention_points|length != 1 %}s{% endif %}
- {{intervention_points|length}}
- Uninstalled Intervention Point{% if uninstalled_intervention_points|length != 1 %}s{% endif %}
- {{uninstalled_intervention_points|length}}
Experiment "{{experiment.name}}"
{% if experiment.id in experiments_with_unassigned_students and experiment.tracks_finalized %} Assign Tracks For New Students {% elif experiment.get_incomplete_intervention_point_names and not experiment.tracks_finalized %} Start Experiment {% elif experiment.id in experiments_with_unassigned_students %} Start Experiment {% elif not experiment.tracks_finalized %} Start Experiment {% else %} Experiment started {% endif %}- Sort by: {% if experiment.assignment_method == experiment.WEIGHTED_PROBABILITY_RANDOM %}
- Weighted random {% elif experiment.assignment_method == experiment.UNIFORM_RANDOM %}
- Uniform random {% elif experiment.assignment_method == experiment.CSV_UPLOAD %}
- Spreadsheet upload {% endif %}
- Tracks:
- {{experiment.tracks.count}}
- Intervention Points:
- {{experiment.intervention_points.count}}
- Last modified:
- {{experiment.updated_on}}
-
{% for intervention_point in experiment.intervention_points.all %}
- {% if intervention_point in uninstalled_intervention_points and not experiment.tracks_finalized %} {# TODO: This can be an AJAX POST with intervention_point.id in the params #} {% else %} Delete {% endif %} Intervention Point "{{intervention_point.name}}" {% if intervention_point.is_missing_urls %} URLs missing {% endif %} {% if intervention_point not in uninstalled_intervention_points %} Installed {% endif%} Last modified {{intervention_point.updated_on}} {% empty %}
- No intervention points currently exist for this experiment. Click on "Add Intervention Point" to get started. Add Intervention Point {% endfor %}


Hi again, I'm Victor Wachira, a Kenyan based graphic designer and developer. I have a substatntial amount working experience with web development agencies, freelancers, small businesses and more clients so far.I studied Graphic Design in year 2014 at the Buruburu institute of Fine Arts and currently i'm sharpening my coding at Moringa school building more on ui/ux and frontend developing skills. I took the programming class since i believe I live and breathe design as an in-built, and there's more than just enough impact I can have in the development world
ABOUT ME
SKILLS
HOBBIES
- UI/UX Designer
- Fullstack Developer
- Graphic Designer
- Writing
- Caricature
- Painting


ESPN and Formula One reach new 3-year US broadcast deal
AUSTIN, Texas (AP) - Formula One and ESPN have agreed to a new three-year deal to keep the series on the network and on ABC in the United States.
The deal, announced Friday ahead of the U.S. Grand Prix, also makes ESPN Deportes the Spanish-language home of F1 in the U.S.
ESPN will continue to air races commercial-free using broadcast partner Sky Sports. The new deal keeps all races live on ESPN, ESPN2 or ABC. Practice sessions and qualifying will continue to be aired across ESPN platforms.
Formula One moved to ESPN from NBC after 2017. ESPN had broadcast F1 from 1984 to 1997 and ABC aired the first broadcast of the U.S. Grand Prix in 1962.
ESPN said race viewership has averaged 671,000 through 18 races this year, an increase of 19%t over 2018.
“When we brought Formula 1 back to ESPN two years ago, we had faith that Formula One fans in the United States would support the coverage,” said Burke Magnus, ESPN executive vice president, programming and scheduling. “That faith has been rewarded many times over, and we greatly appreciate how fans have responded in record numbers.”
More AP Formula One news: https://apnews.com/FormulaOne
Sign up for Daily Newsletters
Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Includes is similar to indexOf, however it returns true or false instead the index.
Exemple:
let fruits = ['apple', 'pineapple', 'banana', 'guava', 'grape'];
fruits.includes('grape'); // true
fruits.includes('mango'); // false
Includes work with NaN (Not a number). It has also a second parameter that allows to perform the search from a certain index:
fruits.includes('grape', 0); // true
fruits.includes('grape', 1); // false


We are excited to announce "The Return of the Boonville Hamfest" which will be held on Saturday, March 26, 2022, with doors opening at 8 AM again at the Cooper County Youth Fairgrounds.
If you would like to purchase a table for your wares or are making plans to attend, please visit and bookmark our 2022 Hamfest page for more information. Additional details will be added as they become available.
We hope to see you there!


Search through hundreds of awesome classes near you!
Post and Schedule Classes. Find students in mere minutes!
Instructors offer anything you can imagine from pilates to doga!
Anywhere Fitness allows instructors and students alike to get the best experience out of their classes. No more google searches and cashapp transactions! Once your payment info is set up you can attend classes without a worry.


SCAM A Film Review Copyright Dragan Antulov 2000
Whenever mothers tell their sons to beware of certain kinds of women, they probably have protagonist of this film in mind. "Heroine" of SCAM, 1993 TV thriller directed by John Flynn, is Maggie Rohrer (played by Lorraine Bracco), con artist who seduces rich single men only to slip tranquillisers in their drinks and clean their valets while they sleep. John Shanks (played by Christopher Walken), her latest potential target is not only able to see through her act but actually wants to use it for the scheme of his own. The idea is to rip off powerful crime lord by stealing his programmer's computer files. Maggie agrees to participate in the scam but she doesn't trust her new partner, especially after she finds hints that could give entirely different motives to his actions.
Script by Craig Smith (based on his novel) looked quite interesting, providing crime story which revolves about intrigue and mind games instead of gunplay. Director John Flynn, specialised for action films, had quite impressive cast for this TV production - always reliable Christopher Walken is great as con artist with mysterious motives, while Lorraine Bracco is quite believable as not very glamorous but successful professional seductress. Unfortunately, it seems that Flynn and the rest of the crew got a little bit too relaxed during the production - movie looks rather cheap, Jamaican locations aren't used enough, and the plot in the end becomes quite predictable despite endless twists. Final result is rather disappointing, and the good actors got wasted in the film that didn't rose above mediocrity of American TV production.
RATING: 3/10 (+)
Review written on October 4th 2000
Dragan Antulov a.k.a. Drax Fido: 2:381/100 E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Filmske recenzije na hrvatskom/Movie Reviews in Croatian http://film.purger.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The duration of a single repition of the interval
The end of all intervals, if this is a repeating interval then this is then end of the last repitition. Returns an invalid moment if there are infinite positive repetitions
Index of the first occurrence, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY if the interval is reverse repeating indefinitely
True if the schedule is infintely long
True if the schedule progresses infinitely in the negative
True if the schedule progresses infinitely in the positive
True if the schedule repeats (has more than one occurrence)
Index of the last occurrence, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY if the interval is forward repeating indefinitely
The number of repetitions
The start of all intervals, if this is a repeating interval then this is the start of the first repitition. Returns an invalid moment if there are infinite negative repetitions
Get the recurrence (the index of the occurrence) after the supplied time
Moment or something that it parses (if a number, then in epoc ms)
Get the occurrence happening after the supplied date. Throws Error if there is no occurrence after the supplied date
Get a list of the occurrences for an interval, if no parameters are supplied then all occurrences are returned.
Generated using TypeDoc
Class to describe ISO 8601 time intervals, including the repeating functionality.
The class is primarily backed by moment.js and contains the start, end, duration, and number of repetitions found in the ISO8601 string or overridden in the constructor. Typical usage of the class is to construct one with a ISO8601 string in the constructor.


The Mulligan's
Home
(current)
Schedule
News
Other Info
About The Band
Contact Us
The Mulligan's
Based out of Noblesville, IN
Watch Us Live!
Welcome and Schedule Section
Content 2
Content 3
Content 4
Content 5
Content 6
Content 7
Content 8
Content 9
Content 10
Content 11
Content 12
Content 13
Content 14
Content 15
News and Other Stuff
MORE RAD CONTENT CAN GO HERE!!!
News And Information
News and Info
Content 2
Content 3
Content 4
Content 5
Content 6
Content 7
Content 8
Content 9
Content 10
Content 11
Content 12
Content 13
Content 14
Content 15
Contact and About
MAYBE SOME MORE RAD CONTENT
Contact The Band
Content 1
Content 2
Content 3
Content 4
Content 5
Content 6
Content 7
Content 8
Content 9
Content 10
Content 11
Content 12
Content 13
Content 14
Content 15


There are no Albums found for the specified artist
{{ albums.resultCount }} Album(s) Returned for "{{ artistName }}"
{{ album.artistName }}
{{ album.releaseDate | date : 'yyyy' }}


Sociology of Migration
Final Project
Myths of Migration
Women in Migration
Transitional Childhood
Queer Migrants
Diasporas of Migration


Akan Naming Ceremony
In Ghana, an Outdooring (Ga: kpodziemo; Akan: abadinto)
is the traditional naming ceremony for infants.
Traditionally this ceremony occurs eight days after
the child is born where parents bring their newborn "outdoors"
for the first time and give the child a day name. Cultural beliefs
dictated that after eight days, the infant was likely to survive
and could be provided a name. In addition to the day name,
Ghanaians frequently give children a name of an elder relative,
either living or deceased. During the Outdooring, male infants
would be circumcised and female infants would have their ears pierced
Frequently, children are given their first name
as a 'day name' which corresponds to the day in the
week they were born. Here are Ghanian day names.
| Male |
|---|
| Sunday: Kwasi |
| Monday: Kwado |
| Tuesday: Kwabena |
| Wednesday: Kwaku |
| Thursday: Yaw |
| Friday: Kofi |
| Saturday: Kwame |
| Female |
|---|
| Sunday: Akosua |
| Monday: Adwoa |
| Tuesday: Abenaa |
| Wednesday: Akua |
| Thursday: Yaa |
| Friday: Afua |
| Saturday: Ama |
Get your Akan-Name;
For more info:


Chapter 5 ggplot2
You can skip this chapter if: * You are confident using the ggplot2
package
-
You can use the
geom_bar
,geom_point
andgeom_histogram
arguments -
You can customise a ggplot2 object
5.1 Why ggplot?
There is a fierce debate in the land of R. Some people think basic R shoud be taught first. Others think that you should learn how to do more complicated things first.
I think you should start to learn ggplot2.
ggplot2 is a really great way to learn R, and particularly the tidyverse
approach to coding. It also makes beautiful charts. All my charts in the last chapter (even the dreaded pie chart) were made in ggplot2.
5.2 Building a ggplot object (a scatterplot)
First - open an R Script or RMD file and load the tidyverse
package:
Let’s choose the diamonds
dataset (from ggplot2
- you can check this by running ?diamonds
), and take a look.
## # A tibble: 6 x 10
## carat cut color clarity depth table price x y z
## <dbl> <ord> <ord> <ord> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 0.23 Ideal E SI2 61.5 55 326 3.95 3.98 2.43
## 2 0.21 Premium E SI1 59.8 61 326 3.89 3.84 2.31
## 3 0.23 Good E VS1 56.9 65 327 4.05 4.07 2.31
## 4 0.290 Premium I VS2 62.4 58 334 4.2 4.23 2.63
## 5 0.31 Good J SI2 63.3 58 335 4.34 4.35 2.75
## 6 0.24 Very Good J VVS2 62.8 57 336 3.94 3.96 2.48
The diamonds
dataset is really big and has lots of variables. This makes it good for learning ggplot2 because you can continue using the same example dataset even when we need lots of variables.
However, sometimes your PC might be a bit slow in rendering some of these charts. Be patient with it - especially when you see the red ‘stop’ sign in the top right of the console window.
We want to take the diamonds
dataset and then (%>%
) send it to ggplot
. In ggplot
we will use the aesthetics argument (aes
) to tell R what to put on the x
axis and the y
axis.
What do you think this code will do?
Try this code first!
This code ends up giving us a blank chart. This seems strange until you figure out that ggplot works by layering elements of a chart on top of one another:
We need to tell R to add a geom
layer, and we do that by adding a +
10 symbol. In this case, we want to add a geom_point
layer, so we write the following:
Look at how quickly and easily that worked. With three lines of code, you created a chart of 50,000 datapoints.
That must make you wonder what else you can do . . .
5.2.1 Changing an axis in ggplot2
Let’s change the x axis on this chart. At the moment, we have a ‘tick’ mark at every carat, but what if we want to have a ‘tick’ mark at every 0.5 carats?
All we need is another line of code.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 5, 0.5))
The scale_x_continuous
line reads:
Take the last three lines of code and then (+
) * Change the scale of the x axis (scale_x_
) which is a continuous (scale_x_continuous
) variable.
-
Change the numbers along the axis (
breaks =
) to a sequence (seq
) -
The sequence starts at
0
, goes to5
, and the spaces between them should be0.5
We can go further by changing the limits within thescale_x_
command …
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 5, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6))
Now we’ve told R:
-
Change the scale of x
-
Set new limits on x (
limits =
) -
The limits are a vector of two numbers together (
c()
) -
Start at
0
and end at6
However, you’ll notice that the numbers don’t go all the way to the end. Have you spotted our mistake?
We need to change the seq
command earlier in the argument…
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6))
And we can change the y axis in much the same way:
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 5, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000))
5.2.2 Changing themes
Themes are a very cool way to quickly change the look of and customise your charts. Just like everything else in ggplot, we just want to add another layer of code.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_bw()
There are lots of different themes in ggplot. If you run that code again you can change theme_bw()
to any of the following:
theme_classic()
theme_grey()
theme_light()
theme_linedraw()
theme_minimal()
theme_void()
Which one do you prefer?
Personally, I like this option:
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic()
5.2.3 Changing labels and titles
Now we’ve changed axes, plot area, and gridlines, why don’t we give this beautiful plot some labels?
If you were to take a wild guess at how to change labels - what would you add to the plot? Remember, taking the time to stop and try these exercises will help you learn R. And remember that R Studio will autocomplete things you type - what happens if you start to type ‘labels’?
We can adjust labels with the following extra line of code.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)")
Unsurprisingly, if we want to change the y axis label, we just need to add another argument inside the labs()
.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)")
You can even add in titles and subtitles.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)",
title = "Price of >50,000 round-cut diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2 package")
5.2.4 Adding regression lines to ggplot
It seems as though the bigger the diamond is, the more you pay for it, so why don’t we add a line of best fit to demonstrate this?
This is so easy to do in R.
We add:
We add to the graph a smooth line geom (stat_smooth
) We have a number of options here: * We want the line to be calculated using a linear model (method = “lm”
)
-
We don’t want to see any standard error bars around the line (
se = FALSE
)
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)",
title = "Price of >50,000 round-cut diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2 package") +
stat_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE)
5.2.5 Adding groups to ggplot
Looking at our plot, it seems clear that the diamonds seem to stagger a bit, with lots of diamonds at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 3.5 carats, and fewer diamonds in the middle of a carat range. There may be something else in the data that helps to explain this . . .
In ggplot, we can easily add a grouping variable to a scatterplot.
All we need to do, is give it a new aesthetic (aes
) argument: colour = cut
.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price, colour = cut)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)",
title = "Price of >50,000 round-cut diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2 package") +
stat_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE)
This has done quite a lot to our chart - its given us several new lines for each group, and a legend. If your computer is anything like mine, it might be starting to take a few seconds to render this chart. Let’s just do one more thing before we stop playing with this chart.
5.2.6 Changing legends
Using the theme()
argument (which is subtly different from the theme_classic()
command), we can adjust the legend.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price, colour = cut)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)",
title = "Price of >50,000 round-cut diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2 package") +
stat_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) +
theme(legend.position = "bottom")
But lets say we also want to change the text from ‘cut’ to ‘Cut of Diamond’. Well, you can think of this as another axis we can change. Instead of a scale_x_
we can change the scale_colour_
. And this isn’t a continuous scale but a discrete (categorical) one, so we change it with scale_colour_discrete
.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = carat, y = price, colour = cut)) +
geom_point() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq (0, 6, 0.5), limits = c(0, 6)) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000, 2500), limits = c(0, 20000)) +
theme_classic() +
labs (x = "Carat (a measure of diamond weight)",
y = "Price in US dollars ($)",
title = "Price of >50,000 round-cut diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2 package") +
stat_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) +
theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
scale_color_discrete(name = "Cut of Diamond")
Note that using scale_color_discrete
has changed the way ggplot2 handles the default colour assignments for the factor. This might give you a clue as to where you might want to look to change the colours on purpose . . .
5.3 Building a boxplot
At this stage, I’m wondering how useful our scatterplot is. Perhaps it would be easier to visualise this with a boxplot. We just need to build a new object.
Lets look to see if there’s a relationship between how big the diamond is (carat) and its clarity (how clear it is).
And with just a few lines of code, we can create a very different looking chart:
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = clarity, y = carat, colour = clarity)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Clarity and carat of >50,000 diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2",
x = "Clarity (clearness) of diamond",
y = "Carat (weight) of diamond") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position = "none")
5.4 Facets
Another very useful command is ‘facet’, which splits one chart into many based on a particular variable.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = clarity, y = carat, colour = clarity)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Clarity, cut and carat of >50,000 diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2",
x = "Clarity (clearness) of diamond",
y = "Carat (weight) of diamond") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position = "none") +
facet_wrap(facets = ~cut)
5.5 Bar charts
To create a bar chart, we simply need to change the geom_boxplot()
to a geom_bar
argument with a stat="summary"
specification.
diamonds %>%
ggplot(aes(x = clarity, y = carat, fill = clarity)) +
geom_bar(stat = "summary") +
labs(title = "Clarity, cut and carat of >50,000 diamonds",
subtitle = "Data from ggplot2",
x = "Clarity (clearness) of diamond",
y = "Carat (weight) of diamond") +
theme_classic() +
theme(legend.position = "none") +
facet_wrap(facets = ~cut)
There are a few notes here.
Within
geom_bar
we have set the argumentgeom_bar(stat = "summary")
. This tells R to calculate the mean carat for each group. Note as well that the groups are nested (we are calculating the mean carat for each clarity grouping inside each cut grouping).geom_bar
wantsfill = clarity
instead ofcolour = clarity
, as it treatscolour
as the line around the bar. If you’re anything like me you will always forget this and change the colour of the bar plot lines instead of its fill.
5.6 Exercise
Please feel free to google and explore these questions - as well as putting your own customisation touches.
Create a boxplot of the mpg
cars dataset, plotting highway miles (hwy
) against the car type (class
)
Answer here
Create a histogram of the number of miles per gallon in the city (cty
) faceted by type of transmission (trans
)
Answer here
5.7 Videos
If you’d rather watch a video about this - you can here!
5.8 Useful resources
There are some very useful resources out there about ggplot2 including:
Cookbook for R, Winston Chang’s (free) online book about using ggplot
ggplot cheatsheet, a pdf with lots of neat visualisations and cheats.
You may be interested to know that the
+
symbol is a precursor to the%>%
symbol. Bothggplot2
andtidyverse
were mainly written by Hadley Wickham who has spoken about why ggplot won’t ever use the %>% operator↩


GD.Văn Lời
20 th.5, 2015
153
1,530
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged
12/06/2015
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Sint fuga consequatur nihil ullam eos laborum quod cum deleniti velit, mollitia alias, error voluptate itaque, ut magni sunt doloribus quia quisquam?
Trả lời12/06/2015
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Sint fuga consequatur nihil ullam eos laborum quod cum deleniti velit, mollitia alias, error voluptate itaque, ut magni sunt doloribus quia quisquam?
Trả lời12/06/2015
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Sint fuga consequatur nihil ullam eos laborum quod cum deleniti velit, mollitia alias, error voluptate itaque, ut magni sunt doloribus quia quisquam?
Trả lời12/06/2015
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.  Sint fuga consequatur nihil ullam eos laborum quod cum deleniti velit, mollitia alias, error voluptate itaque, ut magni sunt doloribus quia quisquam?
Trả lời
Bình luận


Enter your email to reset password
{% csrf_token %}
Reset password
{% include "include/footer.html" %}


By: {{post.author}}
{{post.body}}
{{post.date | date:"MMM d, y 'at' h:mma"}} | {{post.comments.length}} Comments | Add Comment
{{comment.commentAuthor}}:
{{comment.commentBody}}


WITNESS LIST Veteran Affairs & Military Installations Committee April 19, 1999-11:00A SB 655 ON: Bearden, Bob (Comptroller's Office), Round Rock, TX LeBas, James (Comptroller's Office), Austin, TX Little, Bernie (Comptroller's Office), Austin, TX Wilson, Dan (Comptroller's Office), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Roberson, Paul (Greater Kelly Development Corp.), San Antonio, TX Troilo, Arthur (Greater Kelly Development Corp.), San Antonio,TX SB 1426 FOR: Brudine, Richard (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX Burgess, Anita (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX McBride, Eddie (Lubbock Reese ReDevelopment Authority), Lubbock, TX SB 1427 FOR: Anita Burgess (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX Burdine, Richard (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX McBride, Eddie (Lubbock Reese Redevelopment Authority), Lubbock, TX SB 1428 FOR: Burdine, Richard (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX Burgess, Anita (City Of Lubbock), Lubbock, TX McBride, Eddie (Lubbock Reese Redevelopment Authority), Lubbock, TX SB 1621 THIS LIST HAS NO WITNESSES. SCR 45 Registering, but not testifying: On: Gloier, David A. (Texas General Land Office), Austin, TX