API Reference
Welcome to the Verify Payments API 👋! The reference documentation below describes the various functions that you can use to initiate, track and manage fiat transfers using the Verify Payments API.
All endpoints described below can be run in Postman with our collection of requests. We also have a configured Postman environment for the provided collection. You can download it here and then import it into the Postman app.
Authentication
To authorize, use this code:
# With shell, you can just pass the correct header with each request
curl "%api_endpoint%/" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_secret_key%"
The code above actually works. You can paste it directly in your terminal to try it out!
You can authenticate requests to the Verify Payments API by including your public key or secret key in the request that you send, depending on the endpoint. Each endpoint will indicate which key it expects from you. We currently use Token authentication without the underlying OAuth 2.0 protocol.
The private keys used to authenticate with the API are generated through the Dashboard — keep these private! Make sure not to commit them to your source code repositories or share them.
Include the API key for all requests to the server in a header that looks like the following: Authorization: Token "%test_secret_key%"
All API calls must be made using HTTPS. Calls made over unsecured HTTP connections will fail.
Banks
Before the user can sign in to their bank, they must select one from a list of supported banks.
The bank object
{
"id": "test_bank",
"object": "bank",
"name": "Test Bank"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| id | The unique ID of this specific bank |
| object | The type of the object (always bank for Banks) |
| name | The name of the bank in user-readable form |
List all banks
Example Request:
curl %api_endpoint%/banks \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%"
HTTP Request
GET %api_endpoint%/banks
Query Parameters
This endpoint does not require any parameters
Example Response:
[
{
"id": "test_bank",
"name": "Test Bank",
"object": "bank"
}
]
Sessions
A Session represents a connection with a customers bank account. An active session must exist beforer a Transfer can be initiated.
The session object
{
"id": "ses_pvhOgYMSNPpM",
"object": "session",
"status": "initial",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T10:10:43.612Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T10:10:43.612Z"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| id | The unique ID of this specific session |
| object | The type of the object (always session for Sessions) |
| status | The status of the session. Can be either initial , pending_verification , connected , failed or completed |
Create a session
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_secret_key%" \
-d "currency=AED" \
-d "amount=10000" \
-d "description=My First Session"
HTTP Request
POST %api_endpoint%/sessions/
Example Response:
{
"id": "ses_rDCKbNpZhfzF",
"object": "session",
"status": "initial",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T10:50:28.297Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T10:50:28.297Z"
}
URL Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| currency | The 3-letter ISO4217 currency code for the transfer that you will create after this session is established |
| amount | The transfer amount, in fils (e.g. 1000 = AED10.00) |
| description | A desciption that can be included on the checkout screen shown to the user |
Login to a session
Once a session is created, we then have to authenticate the session by calling the login
endpoint, making sure to include the id
of the session that we're referring to in the request URL.
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/login" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%" \
-d "bank_id=test_bank" \
-d "credentials[login]=test" \
-d "credentials[password]=test_pass"
HTTP Request
POST %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/login
Example Response:
{
"id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"object": "session",
"status": "connected",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T12:21:34.784Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T12:21:51.757Z",
}
URL Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| bank_id | The ID of the Bank that the user will attempt to login to |
| credentials | A hash containing the online banking credentials supplied by the user, for authentication. This should include a login and password field containing the respective values |
Retrieve a session
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_secret_key%"
Example Response:
{
"id": "ses_rDCKbNpZhfzF",
"object": "session",
"status": "initial",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T10:50:28.297Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T10:50:28.297Z"
}
Retrieves the details of a session.
HTTP Request
POST %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>
Bank Accounts
Once a session has been established, you can retrieve a list of Bank Accounts that the account owner can choose from when performing the transfer.
The Bank Account object
{
"id": "ba_kEUWd9qXlyCx",
"object": "bank_account",
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"iban": "AE070331234567890123456",
"number": "1234567890123456",
"type": "current",
"currency": "AED",
"balance": 1000,
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| id | The unique ID of this specific bank account. Note that this ID is unique to the current session |
| object | The type of the object (always bank_account for Bank Accounts) |
| bank_id | The Bank that this account belongs to |
| iban | The IBAN is an alphanumeric string of up to 34 characters that uniquely identifies account numbers globally |
| number | The account number. Exact length varies by bank and type of account |
| type | The type of this account (either current or savings ) |
| currency | The 3-letter ISO4217 currency code for this bank account |
| balance | The account balance, in fils |
| session_id | Identifies the session that this bank account belongs to |
List all bank accounts
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/bank_accounts" \
-X GET \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%"
HTTP Request
GET %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/bank_accounts
Example Response:
[
{
"balance": 1000,
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"currency": "AED",
"iban": "AE070331234567890123456",
"id": "ba_kEUWd9qXlyCx",
"number": "1234567890123456",
"object": "bank_account",
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"type": "current"
},
{
"balance": 1000,
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"currency": "USD",
"iban": "AE070331234567890123457",
"id": "ba_4yiusVJdVxqC",
"number": "1234567890123457",
"object": "bank_account",
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"type": "savings"
},
{
"balance": 1000,
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"currency": "BHD",
"iban": "AE070331234567890123458",
"id": "ba_l5uF4BMbTh4L",
"number": "1234567890123458",
"object": "bank_account",
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"type": "savings"
}
]
Parameters
This endpoint does not require any parameters
Transfers
A Transfer object represents an instruction to move funds from the source account of the authenticated customer to the merchants account.
The Transfer object
{
"id": "tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"object": "transfer",
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"source_id": "ba_l5uF4BMbTh4L",
"status": "pending_verification",
"amount": 100,
"currency": "BHD",
"description": "NA",
"verification": {
"attempt_count": 0,
"challenge_text": "Please, enter test OTP (1234 to finish or 12345 for one more verification)",
"id": "vrf_gWHiYgmdX6cM",
"object": "verification",
"status": "initial",
"type": "sms",
"verifiable_id": "tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"verifiable_type": "transfer"
},
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.502Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.607Z"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| id | The unique ID of this specific transfer |
| object | The type of the object (always transfer for Transfers) |
| bank_id | The Bank that this transfer originates from |
| source_id | The Bank Account that will fund this transfer |
| status | The status of this transfer. Can be either initial , succeeded , pending_verification or failed |
| amount | The transfer amount, in fils. This is set when the session object is created |
| currency | The 3-letter ISO4217 currency code for this bank account |
| description | A description that can be used to describe the purpose of the transfer |
| verification | A Verification object |
| session_id | Identifies the session that this bank account belongs to |
| reference_id | Identifies the id of the transfer on the bank side |
Create a Transfer
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%" \
-d "source=ba_kEUWd9qXlyCx"
HTTP Request
POST %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers
Example Response:
{
"id": "tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"object": "transfer",
"bank_id": "test_bank",
"source_id": "ba_l5uF4BMbTh4L",
"status": "pending_verification",
"amount": 100,
"currency": "BHD",
"description": "NA",
"verification": {
"attempt_count": 0,
"challenge_text": "Please, enter test OTP (1234 to finish or 12345 for one more verification)",
"id": "vrf_gWHiYgmdX6cM",
"object": "verification",
"status": "initial",
"type": "sms",
"verifiable_id": "tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"verifiable_type": "transfer"
},
"session_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.502Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.607Z",
"reference_id":"TRANSFERa003d0398779da23f6a37c80d24e9e0c"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| source Required |
The Bank Account that will be used to fund the transfer. You can retrieve a list of all bank accounts for the authenticated user here. |
Retrieve a transfer
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers/<transfer_id>" \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_secret_key%"
Example Response:
{
"object":"transfer",
"id":"tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"amount":100,
"currency":"BHD",
"description":"Test transfer",
"status":"succeeded",
"session_id":"ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"bank_id":"test_bank",
"source_id":"ba_l5uF4BMbTh4L",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.502Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.607Z"
"reference_id":"TRANSFERa003d0398779da23f6a37c80d24e9e0c"
}
Retrieves the details of a transfer.
HTTP Request
POST %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers/<transfer_id>
List all session transfers
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers" \
-X GET \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%"
HTTP Request
GET %api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/transfers
Example Response:
[
{
"object":"transfer",
"id":"tr_F2sqeKZa8ppl",
"amount":100,
"currency":"BHD",
"description":"Test transfer",
"status":"succeeded",
"session_id":"ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"bank_id":"test_bank",
"source_id":"ba_l5uF4BMbTh4L",
"created_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.502Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T15:27:15.607Z"
"reference_id":"TRANSFERa003d0398779da23f6a37c80d24e9e0c"
}
]
Parameters
This endpoint does not require any parameters
Verifications
Creating a Session or Transfer can sometimes require additional verification by our banking providers. There are currently 2 supported methods for verification:
| Verification Type | Description |
|---|---|
sms |
An SMS code is sent to the registered mobile device and the account owner is requested to provide the numeric code |
questions |
The banking provider returns question(s) and the account owner is requested to supply the answers to these questions |
The specific verification method required will depend on several things including the bank that a transfer is initiated from and whether a transfer has previously been completed from this customers' account.
The verification object
{
"id": "vrf_zGf5ZH3LzXDz",
"object": "verification",
"type": "sms",
"status": "initial",
"verifiable_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"verifiable_type": "session",
"attempt_count": 0,
"challenge_text": "Please, enter test OTP (1234 to finish or 12345 for one more verification)"
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| id | The unique ID of this verification |
| object | The type of the object (always verification for Verifications) |
| type | The method of verification required (either sms or questions ) |
| status | The status of the verification. Can be either initial , retry , succeeded or failed |
| challenge_text | A human-friendly text that can be displayed to the account owner in your custom UI |
| verifiable_type | The Type of the object that this verification is for. Can either be transfer or session |
| verifiable_id | The ID of the Transfer or Session to which this verification belongs |
| attempt_count | The number of times this verification has been attempted |
Submit a verification
Example Request:
curl "%api_endpoint%/sessions/<id>/verifications/<id>" \
-X PUT \
-H "Authorization: Token %test_public_key%" \
-d "challenge_response=12345"
Submit the challenge_response
or answers[]
for a verification. This request is idempotent, and you can safely submit the request multiple times.
HTTP Request
PUT /sessions/<id>/verifications/<id>
or PUT /transfers/<id>/verifications/<id>
Example Response:
{
"id": "vrf_zGf5ZH3LzXDz",
"object": "verification",
"type": "sms",
"attempt_count": 1,
"challenge_text": "Please, enter test OTP (1234 to finish or 12345 for one more verification)",
"status": "succeeded",
"verifiable_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"verifiable_type": "session",
"verifiable": {
"id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"object": "session",
"status": "pending_verification",
"verification": {
"id": "vrf_ZhNRoP5eLx60",
"object": "verification",
"status": "initial",
"type": "questions",
"questions": [
"What is your favorite language (ruby)",
"What is your favorite editor (vim)"
],
"attempt_count": 0,
"verifiable_id": "ses_2Ocvnws4y3Yr",
"verifiable_type": "session"
},
"created_at": "2018-08-19T12:21:34.784Z",
"updated_at": "2018-08-19T13:49:51.688Z"
}
}
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| challenge_response Optional |
The response provided by the customer to the sms verification challenge (e.g. "12345" ) |
| answers[] Optional |
The response provided by the customer to the questions verification challenge. This is an array (e.g. ["first", "second"] ) |


Note: Although my experience is with Debian, I think this post helps anyone using some modern Linux distribution.
What is TRIM?
As a Windows sysadmin, I didn't really consider the cons of running on top of Solid-State Drives, or SSDs. These drives are based on flash memory (similar to a Disk-On-Key), rather than metallic plates.
A big difference between magnetic hard drives and SSDs is block reuse.
The Problem
Every storage device is seen (with the driver's help) as a collection of sectors (or "blocks") by the operating system, which can read and write a fixed amount of data (512 bytes / 4KB) to every sector. File systems are different ways of using said sectors to store files, directories, metadata etc.
In magnetic hard drives, used and unused blocks take the same time to write to. Modern file systems exploit that fact in different ways. For example:
- Instead of deleting a file, they just "forget" about it, leaving the blocks in their used state (Example)
- Copy-On-Write techniques allow file systems to "effortlessly" remember the previous content of files (for versioning, corruption protection etc.), by writing modified content on free blocks
In SSDs, however, this is not the situation. I read a metaphor somewhere thats it's like building a house where a house is already present - you have to demolish the existing house, and only after that you can build your own.
For that reason, used blocks take more time writing to, because the SSD has to erase the block first. The result - after many writes, the performance of SSDs degrades dramatically, even lower than traditional HDs.
Note: There is an additional issue called Write amplification, where you can only delete clusters of blocks, requiring the SSD to rearrange partially used blocks. In modern SSD drives, this is solved by the drive's own firmware/configuration as long as you keep the file system trimmed.
The Solution
The solution to that problem is a new OS-Device command called "TRIM", telling the drive "I don't need this block anymore. Erase it when you have the time". This is a new idea, because traditional HDs don't need that information.
Trimming and You
Naming
You'll often see TRIM being called "discard". This is because the concept has been generalised, and can apply to thin-provisioned LUNs as well.
Timing
The most obvious way to use TRIM is like Windows does - whenever blocks are no longer needed (e.g. a file was deleted), let the SSD know.
In Linux, this option has negative performance impact, because the Linux kernel currently handles one block at a time. For instance, if I delete a file containing 500 blocks, instead of one IO operation (removing the pointer to the file from the directory listing), the kernel will issue 501 IO operations (remove the pointer, TRIM block 1, TRIM block 2...).
In the general use-case, this ruins the performance advantage of SSDs.
I think this is only a temporary setback, because Windows (supposedly) handles TRIM the correct way - using a range.
If we take an example from Ubuntu, version 14.04 supports trimming but uses a weekly scheduled execution of fstrim. According to a quick Google search, this seems to be the preferred method, because you can execute it in a maintenance window, when I/O isn't peaking.
Support
Support for TRIM in Linux is partial.
Mainstream file systems (ext4, btrfs) support TRIM, either immediately (using "discard" mount option) or on demand ("fstrim").
Some containers (LVM, md) support passing TRIM commands from the contained file system and some don't. Some containers even issue "discard" requests by themselves if configured to, like LVM (with issue_discards
enabled) when removing volumes. These individual discards are only relevant when making configuration changes (deleting a RAID array) frequently, or when using snapshots.
Testing
There are many posts on testing TRIM, like this one, but they only test whether trimming already works, and not if you need it. IMHO, the only proper method to know is benchmarking, manually trimming (using fstrim) and benchmarking again.
TL;DR: Yes, you should trim, and by cronning fstrim
. It's worth it.


How to search effectively
How To Search Effectively
Matching
- Search is case-insensitive by default.
- Using uppercase letters in your query will make the search case-sensitive.
- Given
ArrayListUnmanaged
:- the following search terms (and their prefixes) will match:
array
list
unmanaged
- the following search terms will NOT match:
stun
ray
managed
- the following search terms (and their prefixes) will match:
- More precisely, the search system is based on a Radix Tree. The Radix Tree contains full decl names plus some suffixes, split by following the official style guide (e.g.
HashMapUnmanaged
also producesMapUnmanaged
andUnmanaged
, same with snake_case and camelCase names).
Multiple terms
- When a search query contains multiple terms, order doesn't matter when
all terms match within a single decl name (e.g. "map auto" will match
AutoHashMap
). - Query term order does matter when matching different decls alognside
a path (e.g. "js parse" matching
std.json.parse
), in which case the order of the terms will determine whether the match goes above or below the "other results" line. - As an example, "fs create" will put above the line all things related to the creation of files and directories inside of `std.fs`, while still showing (but below the line) matches from `std.Bulild`.
- As another example, "fs windows" will prioritize windows-related results in `std.fs`, while "windows fs" will prioritize "fs"-related results in `std.windows`.
- This means that if you're searching inside a target namespace, you never have to read below the "other results" line.
- Since matching doesn't have to be perfect, you can also target a group of namespaces to search into. For example "array orderedremove" will show you all "Array-" namespaces that support
orderedRemove
. - Periods are replaced by spaces because the Radix Tree doesn't index full paths, and in practice you should expect the match scoring system to consistently give you what you're looking for even when your query path is split into multiple terms.
Search Results
No Results Found
Here are some things you can try:
- Check out the Language Reference for the language itself.
- Check out the Learn page for other helpful resources for learning Zig.
- Use your search engine.
Press ? to see keyboard shortcuts and Esc to return.
Table of Contents
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Loading...
This function is not tested or referenced.
This declaration is not tested or referenced, and it has therefore not been included in semantic analysis, which means the only documentation available is whatever is in the doc comments.
Parameters
Errors
anyerror means the error set is known only at runtime.


Proudly made by Max & Lukas.
This Extension is hosted on Github: https://github.com/mammuth/Google-WolframAlpha-Integration


---
sort_order: 33
tei_id: rdx_191dd.p.idp4878656
annotation_count: 0
images:
small-thumbnail: https://readux.ecds.emory.edu/books/emory:191dd/pages/emory:rfd7v/mini-thumbnail/
json: https://readux.ecds.emory.edu/books/emory:191dd/pages/emory:rfd7v/info/
full: https://readux.ecds.emory.edu/books/emory:191dd/pages/emory:rfd7v/fs/
page: https://readux.ecds.emory.edu/books/emory:191dd/pages/emory:rfd7v/single-page/
thumbnail: https://readux.ecds.emory.edu/books/emory:191dd/pages/emory:rfd7v/thumbnail/
title: Page 33
number: 33
---
{% raw %}THE OTHER SHOT. 33{% endraw %}
{% raw %}had excitement enough for one day; and what's the u.^e{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of spoiling his sleep, since he can sleep ?"{% endraw %}
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{% raw %}vUlage. Is she such a wonderful girl as the people make her{% endraw %}
{% raw %}out?"{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" If you mean is she very intelligent and pretty for her{% endraw %}
{% raw %}station aud parentage, yes, Aud very gentle and affectionate{% endraw %}
{% raw %}too, I should say, I wonder where she learned her ladylike{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ivays."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" That's what the Fairview people talk about. The Judge's{% endraw %}
{% raw %}wife is very much taken with her, and is sorry she let the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}constable's wife carry her off."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" She has fallen into good bands, I think; but the poor{% endraw %}
{% raw %}girl was terribly broken down by her misfortunes. I hap¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}pened to see her in the morning before we met her father,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and she was as rosy aud smUing as a young thing could be.{% endraw %}
{% raw %}But, after the mental struggle she had to go through with,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}and a couple of fainting-fits, she was very much changed."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" Her father must be a cruel and cowardly wretch, accord¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ing to all accounts. Do you suppose there can be any doubt{% endraw %}
{% raw %}of its being he who shot the Doctor ? I heard one man sug¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}gest that there was room for doubt in the case, notwithstand¬{% endraw %}
{% raw %}ing the strong testimony against him."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" WeU, of course, every thing admits of doubt which is{% endraw %}
{% raw %}not proven; but I don't know what stronger circumstantial{% endraw %}
{% raw %}evidence could be brought to convict a man. Why, Doc{% endraw %}
{% raw %}hadn't an enemy in the whole 'world that I ever heard of{% endraw %}
{% raw %}He was so generous with men, and so gentle with women,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}that I often envied him his power to attract everybodj- to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}him. This is the only trouble of any sort I ever knew him{% endraw %}
{% raw %}to get into—this fatal claim-quarrel."{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" Yes, and that makes it seem so much worse, that life was{% endraw %}
{% raw %}killed by malice—if killed by malice he was. But suppose,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}as that man said, the other sTwt might have killed him, and,{% endraw %}
{% raw %}killed him accidentally ?"{% endraw %}
{% raw %}" In that case do you suppose any man would be so ba.se{% endraw %}
{% raw %}as to conceal the circumstances, and let another man bear the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}accusation of wiUful murder? It is not probable, in the{% endraw %}
{% raw %}least; and if nothing better than such a supposition comes to{% endraw %}
{% raw %}did him, Newcome wUl surely be convicted."{% endraw %}


Proverbs 6:6 - "Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise:"
I Corinthians 5:7 - "Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us:"
Exodus 5:9 - "Let there more work be laid upon the men, that they may labour therein; and let them not regard vain words."
Exodus 20:9 - "Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:"


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Class MainLoop
Simple main loop implementation that can be used to monitor file descriptor, run timers and idle handlers.
Inheritance
Namespace: Mono.Terminal
Assembly: Terminal.Gui.dll
Syntax
public class MainLoop
Remarks
Monitoring of file descriptors is only available on Unix, there does not seem to be a way of supporting this on Windows.
Constructors
MainLoop()
Default constructor
Declaration
public MainLoop ();
MainLoop(Boolean)
Declaration
public MainLoop (bool useUnix);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Boolean | useUnix | To be added. |
Fields
WindowsKeyPressed
This event is raised when a key is pressed when using the Windows driver.
Declaration
public Action<ConsoleKeyInfo> WindowsKeyPressed;
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Action<System.ConsoleKeyInfo> | To be added. |
Methods
AddIdle(Func<Boolean>)
Executes the specified @idleHandler on the idle loop. The return value is a token to remove it.
Declaration
public Func<bool> AddIdle (Func<bool> idleHandler);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Func<System.Boolean> | idleHandler | To be added. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Func<System.Boolean> | To be added. |
AddTimeout(TimeSpan, Func<MainLoop,Boolean>)
Adds a timeout to the mainloop.
Declaration
public object AddTimeout (TimeSpan time, Func<Mono.Terminal.MainLoop,bool> callback);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.TimeSpan | time | To be added. |
| System.Func<MainLoop,System.Boolean> | callback | To be added. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Object | To be added. |
Remarks
When time time specified passes, the callback will be invoked. If the callback returns true, the timeout will be reset, repeating the invocation. If it returns false, the timeout will stop.
The returned value is a token that can be used to stop the timeout
by calling RemoveTimeout.
AddWatch(Int32, MainLoop+Condition, Func<MainLoop,Boolean>)
Watches a file descriptor for activity.
Declaration
public object AddWatch (int fileDescriptor, Mono.Terminal.MainLoop.Condition condition, Func<Mono.Terminal.MainLoop,bool> callback);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | fileDescriptor | To be added. |
| condition | To be added. |
|
| System.Func<MainLoop,System.Boolean> | callback | To be added. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Object | To be added. |
Remarks
When the condition is met, the provided callback is invoked. If the callback returns false, the watch is automatically removed.
The return value is a token that represents this watch, you can
use this token to remove the watch by calling RemoveWatch.
EventsPending(Boolean)
Determines whether there are pending events to be processed.
Declaration
public bool EventsPending (bool wait = false);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Boolean | wait | To be added. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | To be added. |
Remarks
You can use this method if you want to probe if events are pending. Typically used if you need to flush the input queue while still running some of your own code in your main thread.
Invoke(Action)
Runs @action on the thread that is processing events
Declaration
public void Invoke (Action action);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Action | action | To be added. |
MainIteration()
Runs one iteration of timers and file watches
Declaration
public void MainIteration ();
Remarks
You use this to process all pending events (timers, idle handlers and file watches).
You can use it like this:
while (main.EvensPending ()) MainIteration ();
RemoveIdle(Func<Boolean>)
Removes the specified idleHandler from processing.
Declaration
public void RemoveIdle (Func<bool> idleHandler);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Func<System.Boolean> | idleHandler | To be added. |
RemoveTimeout(Object)
Removes a previously scheduled timeout
Declaration
public void RemoveTimeout (object token);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Object | token | To be added. |
Remarks
The token parameter is the value returned by AddTimeout.
RemoveWatch(Object)
Removes an active watch from the mainloop.
Declaration
public void RemoveWatch (object token);
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Object | token | To be added. |
Remarks
The token parameter is the value returned from AddWatch
Run()
Runs the mainloop.
Declaration
public void Run ();
Stop()
Stops the mainloop.
Declaration
public void Stop ();


Extending OpenAPI
Warning
This is a rather advanced feature. You probably can skip it.
If you are just following the tutorial - user guide, you can probably skip this section.
If you already know that you need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema, continue reading.
There are some cases where you might need to modify the generated OpenAPI schema.
In this section you will see how.
The normal process¶
The normal (default) process, is as follows.
A FastAPI
application (instance) has an .openapi()
method that is expected to return the OpenAPI schema.
As part of the application object creation, a path operation for /openapi.json
(or for whatever you set your openapi_url
) is registered.
It just returns a JSON response with the result of the application's .openapi()
method.
By default, what the method .openapi()
does is check the property .openapi_schema
to see if it has contents and return them.
If it doesn't, it generates them using the utility function at fastapi.openapi.utils.get_openapi
.
And that function get_openapi()
receives as parameters:
title
: The OpenAPI title, shown in the docs.version
: The version of your API, e.g.2.5.0
.openapi_version
: The version of the OpenAPI specification used. By default, the latest:3.0.2
.description
: The description of your API.routes
: A list of routes, these are each of the registered path operations. They are taken fromapp.routes
.openapi_prefix
: The URL prefix to be used in your OpenAPI.
Overriding the defaults¶
Using the information above, you can use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema and override each part that you need.
For example, let's add ReDoc's OpenAPI extension to include a custom logo.
Normal FastAPI¶
First, write all your FastAPI application as normally:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
Generate the OpenAPI schema¶
Then, use the same utility function to generate the OpenAPI schema, inside a custom_openapi()
function:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
Modify the OpenAPI schema¶
Now you can add the ReDoc extension, adding a custom x-logo
to the info
"object" in the OpenAPI schema:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
Cache the OpenAPI schema¶
You can use the property .openapi_schema
as a "cache", to store your generated schema.
That way, your application won't have to generate the schema every time a user opens your API docs.
It will be generated only once, and then the same cached schema will be used for the next requests.
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
Override the method¶
Now you can replace the .openapi()
method with your new function.
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.utils import get_openapi
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
return [{"name": "Foo"}]
def custom_openapi():
if app.openapi_schema:
return app.openapi_schema
openapi_schema = get_openapi(
title="Custom title",
version="2.5.0",
description="This is a very custom OpenAPI schema",
routes=app.routes,
)
openapi_schema["info"]["x-logo"] = {
"url": "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/logo-margin/logo-teal.png"
}
app.openapi_schema = openapi_schema
return app.openapi_schema
app.openapi = custom_openapi
Check it¶
Once you go to http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8000/redoc you will see that you are using your custom logo (in this example, FastAPI's logo):
Self-hosting JavaScript and CSS for docs¶
The API docs use Swagger UI and ReDoc, and each of those need some JavaScript and CSS files.
By default, those files are served from a CDN.
But it's possible to customize it, you can set a specific CDN, or serve the files yourself.
That's useful, for example, if you need your app to keep working even while offline, without open Internet access, or in a local network.
Here you'll see how to serve those files yourself, in the same FastAPI app, and configure the docs to use them.
Project file structure¶
Let's say your project file structure looks like this:
.
├── app
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── main.py
Now create a directory to store those static files.
Your new file structure could look like this:
.
├── app
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── main.py
└── static/
Download the files¶
Download the static files needed for the docs and put them on that static/
directory.
You can probably right-click each link and select an option similar to Save link as...
.
Swagger UI uses the files:
And ReDoc uses the file:
After that, your file structure could look like:
.
├── app
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── main.py
└── static
├── redoc.standalone.js
├── swagger-ui-bundle.js
└── swagger-ui.css
Install aiofiles
¶
Now you need to install aiofiles
:
pip install aiofiles
Serve the static files¶
- Import
StaticFiles
from Starlette. - "Mount" a
StaticFiles()
instance in a specific path.
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
get_redoc_html,
get_swagger_ui_html,
get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
)
from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
return get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - Swagger UI",
oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
swagger_js_url="/static/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
swagger_css_url="/static/swagger-ui.css",
)
@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False)
async def swagger_ui_redirect():
return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False)
async def redoc_html():
return get_redoc_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
redoc_js_url="/static/redoc.standalone.js",
)
@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):
return {"message": f"Hello {username}"}
Test the static files¶
Start your application and go to http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8000/static/redoc.standalone.js.
You should see a very long JavaScript file for ReDoc.
It could start with something like:
/*!
* ReDoc - OpenAPI/Swagger-generated API Reference Documentation
* -------------------------------------------------------------
* Version: "2.0.0-rc.18"
* Repo: https://github.com/Redocly/redoc
*/
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof m
...
That confirms that you are being able to serve static files from your app, and that you placed the static files for the docs in the correct place.
Now we can configure the app to use those static files for the docs.
Disable the automatic docs¶
The first step is to disable the automatic docs, as those use the CDN by default.
To disable them, set their URLs to None
when creating your FastAPI
app:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
get_redoc_html,
get_swagger_ui_html,
get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
)
from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
return get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - Swagger UI",
oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
swagger_js_url="/static/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
swagger_css_url="/static/swagger-ui.css",
)
@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False)
async def swagger_ui_redirect():
return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False)
async def redoc_html():
return get_redoc_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
redoc_js_url="/static/redoc.standalone.js",
)
@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):
return {"message": f"Hello {username}"}
Include the custom docs¶
Now you can create the path operations for the custom docs.
You can re-use FastAPI's internal functions to create the HTML pages for the docs, and pass them the needed arguments:
openapi_url
: the URL where the HTML page for the docs can get the OpenAPI schema for your API. You can use here the attributeapp.openapi_url
.title
: the title of your API.oauth2_redirect_url
: you can useapp.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
here to use the default.swagger_js_url
: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the JavaScript file. This is the one that your own app is now serving.swagger_css_url
: the URL where the HTML for your Swagger UI docs can get the CSS file. This is the one that your own app is now serving.
And similarly for ReDoc...
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
get_redoc_html,
get_swagger_ui_html,
get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
)
from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
return get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - Swagger UI",
oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
swagger_js_url="/static/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
swagger_css_url="/static/swagger-ui.css",
)
@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False)
async def swagger_ui_redirect():
return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False)
async def redoc_html():
return get_redoc_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
redoc_js_url="/static/redoc.standalone.js",
)
@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):
return {"message": f"Hello {username}"}
Tip
The path operation for swagger_ui_redirect
is a helper for when you use OAuth2.
If you integrate your API with an OAuth2 provider, you will be able to authenticate and come back to the API docs with the acquired credentials. And interact with it using the real OAuth2 authentication.
Swagger UI will handle it behind the scenes for you, but it needs this "redirect" helper.
Create a path operation to test it¶
Now, to be able to test that everything works, create a path operation:
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.openapi.docs import (
get_redoc_html,
get_swagger_ui_html,
get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html,
)
from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles
app = FastAPI(docs_url=None, redoc_url=None)
app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static")
@app.get("/docs", include_in_schema=False)
async def custom_swagger_ui_html():
return get_swagger_ui_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - Swagger UI",
oauth2_redirect_url=app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url,
swagger_js_url="/static/swagger-ui-bundle.js",
swagger_css_url="/static/swagger-ui.css",
)
@app.get(app.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url, include_in_schema=False)
async def swagger_ui_redirect():
return get_swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_html()
@app.get("/redoc", include_in_schema=False)
async def redoc_html():
return get_redoc_html(
openapi_url=app.openapi_url,
title=app.title + " - ReDoc",
redoc_js_url="/static/redoc.standalone.js",
)
@app.get("/users/{username}")
async def read_user(username: str):
return {"message": f"Hello {username}"}
Test it¶
Now, you should be able to disconnect your WiFi, go to your docs at http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8000/docs, and reload the page.
And even without Internet, you would be able to see the docs for your API and interact with it.


--- layout: default --- scanline.gif Slit-scan style gif flattening Source About Post
Slit-scan style gif flattening


If you are not familiar with the Danish word "hygge", let us fill you in on what it is, without a doubt, our favorite word.
There is not direct English translation for "hygge", but in a few words , it means to be comfortable, cozy, and content. We like to describe it as a perfect conditions that come naturally. Think of those special feelings that you only get from sitting around the campfire in the mountains on a clear night, pouring over a great book on an unexpected snow day, or dinner with friends that made for the perfect evening. It's the sense of everything feeling just right, and you are exactly where you want to be.
This is how we want you to feel working with Hygge House. With our level of expertise, creativity, flexibility, and positive attitude, and we bring to all of our projects all the necessary elements to create that hygge feeling.
Our recipe is simple, we create and deliver video concepts that have purpose and value. With our upfront and transparent approach to pricing, direction, and process, we can promise that we are not going to be like that random friend of a friend that shows up and make everything awkward.
We hope that you will feel hygge working with us, doing what we truly love.


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Guidance
Policy on identifying and responding to concerns regarding the safeguarding and protection of children, young people and vulnerable adults.
MS Word Document , 614KB
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of this document in a more accessible format, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
PDF , 312KB , 14 pages
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of this document in a more accessible format, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>. Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
This policy, with the associated procedures, provides guidance for all Ofsted staff who may come across concerns regarding the safeguarding and protection of children, young people and vulnerable adults within the context of their work for Ofsted. These include:
For further reading see ‘Inspecting safeguarding in early years, education and skills’ and ‘Guidance for inspectors: what to do if a child or young person discloses a safeguarding concern’ .
Published: 5 February 2015
Updated: 17 July 2015
From: Ofsted


| | |
- cleantaxonomy(expdat, mitochondria=True, chloroplast=True, bacteria=True, unknown=True, exclude=True)
- remove common non-16s sequences from the experiment and renormalize
input:
expdat : Experiment
mitochondria : bool
remove mitochondrial sequences
chloroplast : bool
remove chloroplast sequences
bacteria : bool
remove sequences only identified as "Bacteria" (no finer identification)
unknown : bool
remove unknown sequences
exclude : bool
True (default) to remove these sequecnes, False to keep them and throw other
output:
newexp : Experiment
the renormalized experiment without these bacteria
- clearexp(expdat)
- clear experiment from missing samples and bacteria
remove samples with <1 reads and bacteria with total <1 reads
input:
expdat : Experiment
output:
newexp : Experiment
the new experiment without <1 reads samples or bacteria
- filterandnormalize(expdat, seqs, exclude=False, subseq=False, numreads=10000)
- filter away sequences in seqs
and then renormalize the data and recalculate origreads per sample
input:
expdat
seqs - a list of sequences (ACGT) to remove
exclude - False to remove seqs, True to only keep seqs
subseq - False to look for exact match only, True to look for subsequence match (slower)
output:
newexp - the experiment without seqs and renormalied to 10k reads/sample
- filterannotations(expdat, annotation, cdb=None, exclude=False)
- filter keeping only samples which have annotation in their cooldb description
input:
expdat
annotation - substring of the annotation (case insensitive)
cdb - the database of cool sequences (from cooldb.load()) or None (default) to use the heatsequer loaded cdb
exclude - False to keep matching bacteria, True to remove matching bacteria
output:
newexp - the filtered experiment
- filterbacteriafromfile(expdat, filename, exclude=False, subseq=False)
- filter bacteria from an experiment based on a file with sequences (one per line)
input:
expdat
filename - name of the sequence file (1 per line)
exclude - remove bacteria from the file instead of keeping them
subseq - the sequences in the file can be subsequences of the experiment sequences (different lengths). but slower.
output:
newexp - the filtered experiment
- filterfasta(expdat, filename, exclude=False, subseq=False)
- Filter bacteria based on a fasta file (keeping only sequences in the fasta file)
input:
expdat
filename - the fasta file name
exclude - False to keep only seqs from the file, True to throw away seqs from the file
subseq - match subsequences (slower)
output:
newexp - the filtered experiment
- filterfieldwave(expdat, field, val1, val2=False, mineffect=1, method='mean', uselog=True)
- find all sequences which show an effect size of at least mineffect between val1 and val2 samples in field
no statistical significance testing is performed
input:
expdat : Experiment
field : string
name of field to use for group separation
val1 : string
value in field for group1
val2 : string
value in field for group2 or False for all the other samples except val1
mineffect : float
min difference between groups per OTU in order to keep
method: string
'ranksum'
uselog : bool
True to log transform the data
output:
newexp : Experiment
only with sequences showing a mineffect difference
- filterid(expdat, sids, exclude=False)
- filter bacteria keeping only ones in sids
input:
expdat : Experiment
sids : list of integers
the list of (hashed) sequence ids
exclude : bool
False to keep these bacteria, True to filter away
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filterknownbact(expdat, cdb=None, exclude=False)
- filter keeping only bacteria which we know about in cooldb
input:
expdat : Experiment
cdb : cooldb
the manual annotation database (fromn cooldb.loaddb)
exclude : bool
True to throw away known bacteria, False to keep only them
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filtermean(expdat, meanval)
- filter keeping bacteria with a mean frequency >= meanval
input:
expdat : Experiment
the experiment
meanval : float
the minimum mean fraction of reads per sample (NOT out of 10k/sample) for a bacteria to be kept
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filterminreads(exp, minreads, logit=True)
- filter away all bacteria that contain less than minreads in all samples together (out of 10k/samples)
input:
exp : Experiment
minreads : float
the minimum number of reads total for all samples (and out of 10k/sample) for a bacteria to be kept
logit : bool
True to add to command log, False to not (if called from another heatsequer function)
output:
newexp - the filtered experiment
- filtern(expdat)
- delete sequences containing "N" from experiment and renormalize
input:
expdat : Experiment
output:
newexp : Experiment
experiment without sequences containing "N"
- filternans(expdat, minpresence)
- filter an experiment containing nans in the table, keeping only bacteria with at least minpresence non-nan values
input:
expdat : Experiment
minpresence: int
minimal number of non-nan samples (keep only if >=)
output:
newexp : Experiment
- filterorigreads(expdat, minreads, inplace=False)
- filter away all samples that contained originally (before normalization) less than minreads
input:
expdat : Experiment
minreads : float
the minimum number of reads of the sample in the biom table to filter if less (usually int)
inplace : Bool
True to replace current experiment, False (default) to create a new one
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filterpresence(expdat, frac)
- filter away bacteria present in less than frac of the samples
input:
expdat : Experiment
frac : float
the minimal fraction of samples to appear in for a beacteria to be kept
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filtersamples(expdat, field, filtval, exact=True, exclude=False, numexpression=False, shownumoutput=True)
- filter samples in experiment according to value in field
input:
exp : Experiment
field : string
name of the field to filter by
filtval : string or list of strings
the string to filter (if a list of strings, filter if any in the list)
exact : bool
True for exact match, False for substring
exclude : bool
False to keep only matching samples, True to exclude matching samples
numexpression : bool
True if val is a python expression, False if just a value. For an expression assume value is the beggining of the line (i.e. '<=5')
shownumoutput : bool
True (default) to show number of samples remaining, False to not show
- filtersamplesfromfile(expdat, filename, field='#SampleID', exclude=False)
- filter samples based on a list in a file (one line per sample)
input:
expdat
filename - name of the text file (1 line per sample)
field - field for the experiment that the file contains
exclude - true to throw away instead of keep
output:
newexp - the filtered experiment
- filterseqs(expdat, seqs, exclude=False, subseq=False, logit=True)
- filter sequences from the list seqs (keeping sequences appearing in the list)
input:
expdat : Experiment
seqs : string
a list of (ACGT) sequences to keep
exclude : bool
True to filter away instead of keep, False to keep
subseq : bool
if true, the sequences can be subsequence (slower). False - look only for exact match.
logit : bool
True to add to command log, false to not log it (if called from other heatsequer function)
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filterseqsfromexp(expdat, filtexp, exclude=False, subseq=False, logit=True)
- filter sequences from expdat using the sequences in filtexp experiment (keeping sequences appearing in the other experiment)
input:
expdat : Experiment
filtexp : string
an experiment from which to decide which sequences to filter
exclude : bool
True to filter away instead of keep, False to keep
subseq : bool
if true, the sequences can be subsequence (slower). False - look only for exact match.
logit : bool
True to add to command log, false to not log it (if called from other heatsequer function)
output:
newexp : Experiment
the filtered experiment
- filtersimilarsamples(expdat, field, method='mean')
- join similar samples into one sample (i.e. to remove samples of same individual)
input:
expdat : Experiment
field : string
Name of the field containing the values (for which similar values will be joined)
method : string
What to do with samples with similar value. options:
'mean' - replace with a sample containing the mean of the samples
'median'- replace with a sample containing the median of the samples
'random' - replace with a single random sample out of these samples
'sum' - replace with sum of original reads in all samples, renormalized after to 10k and orignumreads updated
output:
newexp : Experiment
like the input experiment but only one sample per unique value in field
- filtertaxonomy(exp, tax, exact=False, exclude=False)
- filter bacteria matching a given taxonomy name
input:
exp : Experiment
tax : string
the taxonomy name to filter by
exact : bool
True for exact matches to tax string, false for substring
exclude : bool
True to throw away matching taxonomy, False to keep matching
- filterwave(expdat, field=False, numeric=True, minfold=2, minlen=3, step=1, direction='up', posloc='start')
- filter bacteria, keeping only ones that show a consecutive region of samples with higher/lower mean than other samples
Done by scanning all windowlen/startpos options for each bacteria
input:
expdat : Experiment
field : string
The field to sort by or False to skip sorting
numeric : bool
For the sorting according to field (does not matter if field is False)
minfold : float
The minimal fold change for the window compared to the rest in order to keep
step : int
The skip between tested windows (to make it faster use a larger skip)
minlen : int
The minimal window len for over/under expression testing
direction : string
'both' - test both over and under expression in the window
'up' - only overexpressed
'down' - only underexpressed
posloc : string
The position to measure the beginning ('maxstart') or middle ('maxmid') of maximal wave
or 'gstart' to use beginning of first window with >=minfold change
output:
newexp : Experiment
The filtered experiment, sorted according to window start samples position
- filterwinperid(expdat, idfield, field, val1, val2, mineffect=1)
- do filterfieldwave on each individual (based on idfield) and join the resulting bacteria
|


Special care on Your Lovely Pets by Veterinary physician
The weather started getting rough the tiny ship was tossed if not for the courage of the fearless crew the Minnow would be lost the minnow lost. Come and knock on our door. We've been waiting for you. Where the kisses are hers and hers and his three company too. Michael Knight a young loner on a crusade to champion the cause of the innocent is the tale of our castaways they're here for a long long time not for the courage of the fearless crew the Minnow the
Thank you for being a friend. Travelled down the road and back again. Your heart is true you're a pal and a confidant michael knight a young loner on a crusade to champion the cause of the innocent the helpless the powerless in a world of criminals who operate above the law. Come and knock on our door. We've been waiting for you.
The Love Boat soon will be making another run. The Love Boat promises something for everyone. Till the one day when the lady met this fellow and they knew it was much more than a hunch. So join us here each week my friends you're sure to get a smile from seven stranded castaways here on Gilligans Isle.
Tossed if not for the courage of the fearless crew the Minnow would be lost the minnow lost. Come and knock on our door. We've been waiting for you. Where the kisses are hers and hers and his three company too michael.
Comments(3)
Larsen MortinJuly 10, 2015
So lets make the most of this beautiful day. Since we're together. It's time to play the music. It's time to light the lights. It's time to meet the Muppets on the Muppet Five passengers set sail that day.
Albert JonseJuly 11, 2015
Travelled down the road and back again.  Michael Knight a young loner on a crusade to champion the cause of the innocent.The helpless. The powerless in a world of criminals who operate above the law.Come and knock on our door.
Milana RoseJuly 10, 2015
Those were the days. And we know Flipper lives in a world full of wonder flying there-under under the sea. The Love Boat soon will be making another run. The Love Boat promises something for everyone.


Hello! My name is Muhammad Fajriansyah. I am just an ordinary person who has a dream to achieve. This is my progress now. I hope my dream will come true soon!
HTML & CSS
JAVA SCRIPT
WEB DEVELOPMENT
GAME DEVELOPMENT
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, Inventore, quibusdam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, Inventore, quibusdam.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, Inventore, quibusdam.
For more information u can submit your name, email, phone nomber and message.


So, you have graduated. The results are out and you got the passing grades.
It has been a tough journey, I know. Exhausting and dispiriting at times, I can
relate.
The numerous and frequent exams, the lengthy and boring assignments, gruelling
long lectures
and compulsory attendance in 3/4 of them.
But as if all of this wasn’t enough, we are laid down with another burden.
The burden of judgement. A grade is assigned to you; you are put into a
category.
Based on how much you could recall from the mugging of previous couple of days
before exam,
maybe on how perfect curves can you bring into your writing, and also possibly
on the condition that your examiner had no fight with his wife on the morning of
paper checking.
Now once you are assigned a number, you’re all set to be judged. Not just
academically, but for all your self-worth. If your pets had some scores
for
their playfulness, you’d be compared to them too.
A good category gives you the ability to grow unicorn horns! No, just kidding.
But it does come with lots of perks. For instance, you get to have
reservation in elective subject lottery. You get to have your way when it
comes
to nominations for any volunteering work in the institution. Everyone loves and
adores you. Professors would probably take you out for lunch (if they
could).
But if your stars turn out as playful as your pets and don’t agree to align, and
you somehow fall into a less fortunate category, then all the best to you. It
could be so that people forget that you even exist. You won’t make it to
probably top 20 of considerations for even non-academic works. People would come
to you though, after the results, to take a measure of how good
they have done.
I hold no grudges against the top-scorers, and have no particular love for the
low-graders. All I have, in plenty, is a loathe for the system. A system where a
decimal number represents your capability. The first relevant data on any resume
after your name is most likely to be that number. This isn’t even the most
troubling part. The more troubling fact is that this system can be hacked.
Easily. Anyone can rig this grading scheme. All it takes is a strong will
and
directed dedication to score good on a particular set of questions.
I am no one to judge anyone and I don’t intend to be guilty of a crime that I
mean to outface. However, I have seen the most vacuous of heads with full grown
unicorn horns. They dally with a certain ebullience, flaunting that horn of
theirs. And everyone notices them, admires and idolises them.
Again, I have no complaint against the admiration anyone gets. It just happens
so that almost everyone is admired and known for wrong reasons in this system.
It’s like a person who’s a great swordsman gets the certificate of being called
the top-archer at the end. Or a person who knows nothing about conjuring magic
gets to become the sorcerer supreme based on their rote knowledge of the
spells.
So, what is the solution to this unfairness? It’s simpler than you can imagine.
Just don’t pay heed to it! Don’t believe in this flawed system. At the end of
the day, no one actually does. In fact, in 3-tier colleges like ours, even
recruiters take separate examinations to filter out some of those fake unicorn
horns. So do post-grad universities everywhere. Then why should we fall for it?
Have faith in yourself, believe in your self-worth. Don’t let your numbers and
tags tell you otherwise. If you have been lagging behind till now, it means you
have been in the wrong race all this while. Even a champion cyclist can’t beat
an F1 racer in their track, doesn’t mean he/she is any less.
I would also plead you to try and recognize the talent where it lies. Don’t make
beef-witted people famous. The people who I admire the most in my circle are
some of those who are hardly popular otherwise or are popular for all the
wrong reasons.
I know people who are great singers, dancers, poets, ones who can conjure magic
with keyboards and guitars, those who bring sketches to life using pencil and
paper, those who can paint what is hard to even imagine for others, those who are winning
tournaments for their football and cricket teams, those who eat up books like
cookies, those who write engrossing stories, and articles so clever they force
you to think, and those who can actually make computers work at their will – the
real computer science engineers. And people hardly know these 7-point, 8-point
something in their academic circle for what they are.
Grades mean nothing. Grades take you nowhere. Your children won’t know you for
your grades. Grades give you a false sense of judgment that will make no sense
when the person without a horn outdoes you one day in life.
Move on and appreciate people for what they are; value yourself for what you are, for you are out of that
corroded system now.
You have graduated.
You Have Graduated
Written on August 1, 2019


--- layout: default ---
Search hundreds of past presenters, blog posts and projects at Chi Hack Night.
Note: Only the top 20 results are displayed


South Korea bans liquid e-cigarettes on army bases
SEOUL (Reuters) - The South Korean Army has banned the use and possession of liquid e-cigarettes on its bases for health reasons, the military said on Monday, following a government warning for people to stop using the devices.
South Korea has a large military of nearly 600,000 soldiers, primarily conscripted men, and the Army makes up the largest portion with 464,000. While the rate is declining, South Korean men are among the heaviest smokers in the world.
The Health Ministry issued an advisory last month urging people to stop using liquid e-cigarettes citing cases of lung injuries in the United States including fatalities.
The ministry said it would conduct studies to determine whether there was a scientific basis to ban the sales of liquid e-cigarettes, which vaporize liquid containing nicotine.
A pneumonia case of a 30-year old South Korean e-cigarette user was reported last month, according to the ministry.
A day after the government warning, a major convenience store chain GS25 suspended the sale of flavored liquid e-cigarettes made by U.S. company Juul Labs and South Korean company KT&G.
E-cigarettes have been gaining popularity in the country’s $16 billion tobacco market since 2017, accounting for 13% of the tobacco market by sales as of June, government data show.


Presenation Slides (using external resources)
Presenation Slides (self-contained)
Single page view
Audience notes/handouts
Onstage (presenter) view


Functions | |
| UVAR_t | p_pos_findbit (const UVAR_t bitfield) |
| UVAR_t | p_pos_findbit (const UVAR_t bitfield, UVAR_t rrOffset) |
| void | p_pos_initArch (void) |
| void | p_pos_initTask (POSTASK_t task, void *stackstart, POSTASKFUNC_t funcptr, void *funcarg) |
| VAR_t | p_pos_initTask (POSTASK_t task, UINT_t stacksize, POSTASKFUNC_t funcptr, void *funcarg) |
| void | p_pos_freeStack (POSTASK_t task) |
| VAR_t | p_pos_initTask (POSTASK_t task, POSTASKFUNC_t funcptr, void *funcarg) |
| void | p_pos_startFirstContext (void) |
| void | p_pos_softContextSwitch (void) |
| void | p_pos_intContextSwitch (void) |
| void | c_pos_intEnter (void) |
| void | c_pos_intExit (void) |
| void | c_pos_timerInterrupt (void) |
The operating system can be easily ported to other architectures, it can be ported to very small 8 bit architectures with low memory and to 32 bit architectures with lots of memory. To keep the porting as simple as possible, there are only a couple of functions that must be adapted to the architecute. Befor you start porting the operating system to your architecture, you must choose a stack management type. You have the choice between:
POSCFG_TASKSTACKTYPE = 0
The stack memory is provided by the user. This is the best choice for very small architectures with low memory.
POSCFG_TASKSTACKTYPE = 1
The stack memory is dynamically allocated by the architecture dependent code of the operating system. The size of the stack frame is variable and can be choosen by the user who creates the task. This is the best choice for big architectures with lots of memory.
POSCFG_TASKSTACKTYPE = 2
The stack memory is dynamically allocated by the architecture dependent code of the operating system. The size of the stack frame is fixed and can not be changed by the user. This may be an alternative to type 0, it is a little bit more user friendly.
Here is a list of the functions that are architecture specific and must be ported:
p_pos_initTask, p_pos_startFirstContext, p_pos_softContextSwitch, p_pos_intContextSwitch.
If you choose POSCFG_TASKSTACKTYPE = 2 or 3, you must also provide the function p_pos_freeStack.
If your application is critical in performance, you may also provide an assembler version of the function "findbit". There are two different function prototypes possible. The simple prototype for the standard scheduling scheme (POSCFG_ROUNDROBIN = 0) is
UVAR_t p_pos_findbit(const UVAR_t bitfield);
The prototype for a findbit function that supports round robin scheduling (POSCFG_ROUNDROBIN = 1) is
UVAR_t p_pos_findbit(const UVAR_t bitfield, UVAR_t rrOffset);
The function gets a bitfield as input, and returns the number of the right most set bit (that is the number of the first lsb that is set). If round robin is enabled, the function takes an offset as second parameter. The offset is the position where the function starts to search the first set bit. The function scans the bitfield always from right to left, starting with the bit denoted by the offset. The bitfield is seen as circle, when the rightmost bit is not set the function must continue scanning the leftmost bit (wrap around), so all bits of the field are scanned.
It is possible to implement the findbit mechanism as look up table. For this purpose you can define the macro FINDBIT. Please see the header file picoos.h (search for the word POSCFG_FBIT_USE_LUTABLE) and the source file fbit_gen.c for details.
Unfortunately, not the whole operating system can be written in C. The platform port must be written in assembly language. I tried to keep the assembly part of the RTOS as small as possible. But there are three assembly functions left, that are needed for doing the context switching:
The operating system requires also a timer interrupt that is used to cut the task execution time into slices. Hardware interrupts must comply with some conventions to be compatible to pico]OS. So the fourth thing you need to write in assember is a framework for hardware interrupts.
The diagram shows the assembler functions in logical structure. At the left side I have drawn a normal interrupt service routine for reference.
The context switching (multitasking) is done by simply swaping the stack frame when an interrupt service routine (eg. the timer interrupt) is left. But it must also be possible for a task to give of processing time without the need of an interrupt. This is done by the function p_pos_softContextSwitch at the right side in the diagram. Since this function is not called by a processor interrupt, it must build up an ISR compatible stack frame by itself. Note that the second part of this function is equal to the function p_pos_intContextSwitch, so the function must be terminated by an return-from-interrupt instruction, even if the function was called from a C-routine.
For completeness, the next diagram shows at its left side how the function p_pos_startFirstContext works. Again, this function looks like the lower part of the funtion p_pos_intContextSwitch in the diagram above. In the middle you can see how the timer interrupt routine must look like.
There is a special interrupt handling needed when interrupts are interruptable on your system. To prevent a deadlock situation (that is, an ISR would be called again and again until the stack flows over), a counting flag variable is exported by pico]OS: posInInterrupt_g. This variable contains the value zero if no interrupt is running yet. And only if no other interrupt is running, the ISR must save the stack pointer to the task environment structure where posCurrentTask_g points to. This behaviour is shown at the right side in the diagram above.
Note that interrupt service routines need some stack space to be able to do their work - in the discussed configuration every ISR would take some stack memory from the stack frame of the currently active task. But this may be a problem at platforms that are low on memory - it would be to expensive to increase every tasks stack frame by the count of bytes an ISR would need. In this case, you can set up a special stackframe that is only used by interrupt service routines. The diagram below shows the small changes to the ISRs discussed above. But attention - this method is only applicable on platforms where interrupts can not interrupt each other.
|
|
Interrupt control function. This function must be called from an interrupt service routine to show the operating system that an ISR is currently running. This function must be called first before other operating system functions can be called from within the ISR.
|
|
|
Interrupt control function. This function must be called from an interrupt service routine to show the operating system that the ISR is going to complete its work and no operating system functions will be called any more from within the ISR.
|
|
|
Timer interrupt control function. This function must be called periodically from within a timer interrupt service routine. The whole system timing is derived from this timer interrupt.
A timer ISR could look like this:
PUSH ALL; // push all registers to stack
 if (posInInterrupt_g == 0) saveStackptrToCurrentTaskEnv(); c_pos_intEnter(); c_pos_timerInterrupt(); c_pos_intExit(); PULL ALL; // pull all registers from stack
 RETI; // return from interrupt

|
|
|
Bit finding function. This function is called by the operating system to find the first set bit in a bitfield. See the file fbit_gen.c for an example.
|
|
|
Bit finding function. This function is called by the operating system to find the first set bit in a bitfield. See the file fbit_gen.c for an example.
|
|
|
Stack free function. This function is called by the operating system to free a stack frame that was set up by the function p_pos_initTask. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Architecture port initialization. This function is called from the posInit function to initialize the architecture specific part of the operating system.
|
|
|
Task initialization function. This function is called by the operating system to initialize the stack frame of a new task. This function is responsible to allocate the stack memory and to store the pointer of the stack frame into the task environment. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Task initialization function. This function is called by the operating system to initialize the stack frame of a new task. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Task initialization function. This function is called by the operating system to initialize the stack frame of a new task. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Context switch function. This function is called by the operating system to initiate a context switch from interrupt level. This function has then to switch the context variable and restore the new context from stack memory. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Context switch function. This function is called by the operating system to initiate a software context switch. This function has then to save all volatile processor registers to stack memory, switch the context variable and restore the new context from stack memory. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|
|
|
Context switch function. This function is called by the operating system to start the multitasking. The function has to restore the first context from stack memory. See the available port source files for an example on how to write this function.
|


{{ define "main" }}
PHP Apprentice is an online, open source book about the PHP programming language. PHP is one of the most popular platforms for building websites and web services. It is a great language that is easy to learn and allows you to build powerful and complex web applications very quickly.
The goal of PHP Apprentice is to be an easy to understand resource for learning how to write good code in PHP. There are a lot of PHP tutorials on the internet that use outdated practices or insecure code. I want this book to show how to write PHP code with quality.
The contents of PHP Apprentice are for beginners and experienced PHP developers. The book currently has content for learning the basics of the language. In the future, more pages will be added for more advanced topics like building websites, database integration and security.
PHP Apprentice is currently a work in progress. If you would like to give feedback or request a certain discussion topic, check out the GitHub repository.
Created and managed by Andrew Davis @restoreddev


Weekly Meeting: 2014-03-18
18th March 2014: Crypto, GSoC and a Mirage tutorial day.
Agenda
- SSL + crypto
- GSoC / OPW
- Mirage tutorial day
Attendees: Amir Chaudhry (chair), Jonathan Ludlam, Anil Madhavapeddy, Richard Mortier and David Scott
Notes
TLS/SSL/crypto
Anil managed to get the SSL stack working and wondered if anyone else has been tried it. Has played around in Unix but not tried anything with Xen yet. Seems there’s still some work to to do as it’s missing the ability to synthesise a flow interface but don’t have a first-class interface for this yet. Could take existing type and use that, which everyone thinks is the best we got for now. Dependencies for TLS are ASN1 and TLS (pure ocaml) and ocaml-nocrypto (has some C). Still waiting for ctypes stub-generation to be released before we can do a big change. Should have more pairs of eyes looking over this code. If anyone can mess around with this and provide feedback, it would be be appreciated.
Edit: Code is available at https://github.com/mirleft/ocaml-tls
Google Summer of Code / Outreach Program for Women
GSoC - Student applications close on the 21st (3 days from now). After this, the mentoring organisations need to review and rank student proposals. Mort has spoken to many students about GSoC from undergrads to Masters and encouraged them to apply. Others have been in touch on the mailing list. Anil will check the system to see how applications have been going. In general, everyone should be encouraging applications.
OPW - Xen has one slot for an OPW project and has had couple of good applicants, with some interest in Cloud API. Mirage is also open to these applicants as one of the reviewed list of projects.
Mirage tutorial day
Considerations for the tutorial day:
- Audience?
- Full day vs half-day?
- Break-down of sessions?
- Location?
- Proposed date?
Audience - In general we want this to be accessible to a relatively wide audience of programmers (i.e experience of OCaml is not assumed - but programming experience is). There are a number of people in the Lab who would be interested and also from Citrix as well as others once a date is announced (would be good to have Xen platform team involved). Would probably need to restrict numbers to around 30 to ensure we can give each person individual attention. Should capture details of all people interested so that if we run this again, we have a self-selected list of people to reach out to.
Full/Half day - This should be a full day to make sure that we can cover enough of the details and take a hands-on approach to the sessions, rather than lecture-style.
Sessions - Will need to spend time on structuring this. Would be good if each session had a tangible goal to reach (e.g get something running up on Rackspace).  Making reusable sessions would be extremely useful as they can become the basis of more formal modules and expanded with more stuff about Xen or the cloud. These could even become a nice undergraduate systems module with Mirage as the basis. Specific breakdown might be to have the first part of the day be about OCaml basics (e.g Ch1-Ch7 of RWO), and then dive down into Mirage and Xen. There are already elements that could be reused from much earlier tutorials (Japan?) but would need dusting off for the (wonderful) new world of OPAM et al.
Location - Will do first tutorial in Cambridge and could either do this in the Lab or perhaps at Citrix. Amir will contact Lars to see if Citrix is a viable option.
Date - From a brief poll it seems that sometime during the week of 19 May is a good one but this is not confirmed so we still need to pin down the exact date. Should keep whatever date we select within the school term-time (for obvious reasons).
Other
Irminsule is being used by Dominic in Nottingham and it does stuff related to maildir. Mort has put Dominic in touch with Gregory (who’s working on IMAP). Exciting stuff!


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Have a great JAMstack resource to share? Submit a Pull Request with your JAMstack resource's information here.
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Every week, Brian Douglas from Netlify talks with special guests about all things pertaining to the JAMstack.


Disable directory browsing for your application's web directories.
Directory browsing allows an attacker to browse your application's directory structure in search of unprotected files and components.
Disable directory browsing at all times.
Use the following steps to successfully disable directory browsing:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default_servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet
</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default_servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default_servlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default_servlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
An application is deployed on a production server. Unfortunately, the developers did not disable directory browsing. This allows an attacker to search for unprotected configuration files.
An application is deployed on a production server. Because the developers have disabled directory browsing, it is difficult for an attacker to use HTTP browsing to search for unprotected configuration files.


All dives linked to this buddy will be unlinked; the dive itself will not be deleted.


A amazing website for learning c in a fun way .it is made with love and can be used for learning c language.
we are college students who love development,we like to spread knowlege of coding and developing to others
e-mail us at
coffeehacks965@gmail.com


RabbitMQ Performance
Consume Rate vs Latency
Messages Sizes and Producers
Sending Rate vs Message Size
Rate vs Latency


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File-based swap space SPI implementation which holds keys in memory and values on disk. It is intended for cases when value is bigger than 100 bytes, otherwise it will not have any positive effect.
More...
|
| string | BaseDirectory [get, set] |
| | Gets or sets the base directory. More...
|
| |
| float | MaximumSparsity [get, set] |
| | Gets or sets the maximum sparsity. This property defines maximum acceptable wasted file space to whole file size ratio. When this ratio becomes higher than specified number compacting thread starts working. More...
|
| |
| int | MaximumWriteQueueSize [get, set] |
| | Gets or sets the maximum size of the write queue in bytes. If there are more values are waiting to be written to disk then specified size, SPI will block on write operation. More...
|
| |
| int | ReadStripesNumber [get, set] |
| | Gets or sets the read stripes number. Defines number of file channels to be used concurrently. Default is Environment.ProcessorCount. More...
|
| |
| int | WriteBufferSize [get, set] |
| | Gets or sets the size of the write buffer, in bytes. Write to disk occurs only when this buffer is full. More...
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| |
| Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.FileSwapSpaceSpi |
( |
| ) |
|
| const float Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.DefaultMaximumSparsity = 0.5f |
| const int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.DefaultMaximumWriteQueueSize = 1024 * 1024 |
| readonly int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.DefaultReadStripesNumber = Environment.ProcessorCount |
|
static |
| const int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.DefaultWriteBufferSize = 64 * 1024 |
| string Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.BaseDirectory |
|
getset |
| float Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.MaximumSparsity |
|
getset |
The maximum sparsity. Must be between 0 and 1.
| int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.MaximumWriteQueueSize |
|
getset |
The maximum size of the write queue, in bytes.
| int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.ReadStripesNumber |
|
getset |
| int Apache.Ignite.Core.SwapSpace.File.FileSwapSpaceSpi.WriteBufferSize |
|
getset |
The size of the write buffer, in bytes.


Welcome to Hi5.


--- layout: page title: Data Viz Posts css: "/css/aboutme.css" ---
Visualize Missing Data with the VIM package


The analogy that Udacity used was a house. If HTML is the walls, CSS is the colour and decorations in the house, and the DOM is the functionality, like the garage door opening.
Boxifying design is breaking a design down into boxes. According to Udacity, everything on the web is a box, and by breaking it down into smaller boxes you can explore different ways the design can fit together. The example shown was a print out of a webpage, physically cut up into smaller boxes, to explore other ways ot could be layed out.
The box model is the text/content, the padding, the container/border, and the margin. It looks like a box within a box within a box within a box. The box model is how you can change and give values to each container or box, which can change the lay out and feel of a page.


This is BuildKit,
a curated directory of resources for developers based on 'Awesome'.
Awesome is a curated list of awesome lists by Sindre Sorhus which deserved to be made into a directory that has everything under one roof; hence BuildKit.


F'Magazine
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6. Dataset loading utilities¶
The scikits.learn.datasets package embeds some small toy datasets as introduced in the “Getting Started” section.
To evaluate the impact of the scale of the dataset (n_features and n_samples) while controlling the statistical properties of the data (typically the correlation and informativeness of the features), it is also possible to generate synthetic data data
This package also features helpers to fetch larger datasets commonly used by the machine learning community to benchmark algorithm on data that comes from the ‘real world’.
6.1. Datasets shipped with the scikit learn¶
The scikit learn comes with a few standard datasets:
| load_iris() | load the iris dataset and returns it. |
| load_diabetes() | Load the diabetes dataset and returns it. |
| load_digits([n_class]) | load the digits dataset and returns it. |
| load_linnerud() | Load the linnerud dataset and returns it. |
6.2. Dataset generators¶
TODO
6.3. The Labeled Faces in the Wild face recognition dataset¶
This dataset is a collection of JPEG pictures of famous people collected over the internet, all details are available on the official website:
http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/
Each picture is centered on a single face. The typical task is called Face Verification: given a pair of two pictures, a binary classifier must predict whether the two images are from the same person.
An alternative task, Face Recognition or Face Identification is: given the picture of the face of an unknown person, identify the name of the person by refering to a gallery of previously seen pictures of identified persons.
Both Face Verification and Face Recognition are tasks that are typically performed on the output of a model trained to perform Face Detection. The most popular model for Face Detection is called Viola-Johns and is implemented in the OpenCV library. The LFW faces were extracted by this face detector from various online websites.
6.3.1. Usage¶
scikit-learn provides two loaders that will automatically download, cache, parse the metadata files, decode the jpeg and convert the interesting slices into memmaped numpy arrays. This dataset size if more than 200 MB. The first load typically takes more than a couple of minutes to fully decode the relevant part of the JPEG files into numpy arrays. If the dataset has been loaded once, the following times the loading times less than 200ms by using a memmaped version memoized on the disk in the ~/scikit_learn_data/lfw_home/ folder using joblib.
The first loader is used for the Face Identification task: a multi-class classification task (hence supervised learning):
>>> from scikits.learn.datasets import fetch_lfw_people
>>> lfw_people = fetch_lfw_people(min_faces_per_person=70, resize=0.4)
>>> for name in lfw_people.target_names:
... print name
...
Ariel Sharon
Colin Powell
Donald Rumsfeld
George W Bush
Gerhard Schroeder
Hugo Chavez
Tony Blair
The default slice is a rectangular shape around the face, removing most of the background:
>>> lfw_people.data.dtype
dtype('float32')
>>> lfw_people.data.shape
(1288, 50, 37)
Each of the 1140 faces is assigned to a single person id in the target array:
>>> lfw_people.target.shape
(1288,)
>>> list(lfw_people.target[:10])
[5, 6, 3, 1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 3, 0]
The second loader is typically used for the face verification task: each sample is a pair of two picture belonging or not to the same person:
>>> from scikits.learn.datasets import fetch_lfw_pairs
>>> lfw_pairs_train = fetch_lfw_pairs(subset='train')
>>> list(lfw_pairs_train.target_names)
['Different persons', 'Same person']
>>> lfw_pairs_train.data.shape
(2200, 2, 62, 47)
>>> lfw_pairs_train.target.shape
(2200,)
Both for the fetch_lfw_people and fetch_lfw_pairs function it is possible to get an additional dimension with the RGB color channels by passing color=True, in that case the shape will be (2200, 2, 62, 47, 3).
The fetch_lfw_pairs datasets is subdived in 3 subsets: the development train set, the development test set and an evaluation 10_folds set meant to compute performance metrics using a 10-folds cross validation scheme.
References:
- Labeled Faces in the Wild: A Database for Studying Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environments. Gary B. Huang, Manu Ramesh, Tamara Berg, and Erik Learned-Miller. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Technical Report 07-49, October, 2007.
6.3.2. Examples¶
6.4. The 20 newsgroups text dataset¶
The 20 newsgroups dataset comprises around 18000 newsgroups posts on 20 topics splitted in two subsets: one for training (or development) and the other one for testing (or for performance evaluation). The split between the train and test set is based upon a messages posted before and after a specific date.
6.4.1. Usage¶
The scikits.learn.datasets.fetch_20newsgroups function is a data fetching / caching functions that downloads the data archive from the original 20 newsgroups website, extracts the archive contents in the ~/scikit_learn_data/20news_home folder and calls the scikits.learn.datasets.load_filenames on either the training or testing set folder:
>>> from scikits.learn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups
>>> newsgroups_train = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train')
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(list(newsgroups_train.target_names))
['alt.atheism',
'comp.graphics',
'comp.os.ms-windows.misc',
'comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware',
'comp.sys.mac.hardware',
'comp.windows.x',
'misc.forsale',
'rec.autos',
'rec.motorcycles',
'rec.sport.baseball',
'rec.sport.hockey',
'sci.crypt',
'sci.electronics',
'sci.med',
'sci.space',
'soc.religion.christian',
'talk.politics.guns',
'talk.politics.mideast',
'talk.politics.misc',
'talk.religion.misc']
The real data lies in the filenames and target attributes. The target attribute is the integer index of the category:
>>> newsgroups_train.filenames.shape
(11314,)
>>> newsgroups_train.target.shape
(11314,)
>>> newsgroups_train.target[:10]
array([12, 6, 9, 8, 6, 7, 9, 2, 13, 19])
It is possible to load only a sub-selection of the categories by passing the list of the categories to load to the fetch_20newsgroups function:
>>> cats = ['alt.atheism', 'sci.space']
>>> newsgroups_train = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train', categories=cats)
>>> list(newsgroups_train.target_names)
['alt.atheism', 'sci.space']
>>> newsgroups_train.filenames.shape
(1073,)
>>> newsgroups_train.target.shape
(1073,)
>>> newsgroups_train.target[:10]
array([1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1])
In order to feed predictive or clustering models with the text data, one first need to turn the text into vectors of numerical values suitable for statistical analysis. This can be achieved with the utilities of the scikits.learn.feature_extraction.text as demonstrated in the following example that extract TF-IDF vectors of unigram tokens:
>>> from scikits.learn.feature_extraction.text import Vectorizer
>>> documents = [open(f).read() for f in newsgroups_train.filenames]
>>> vectorizer = Vectorizer()
>>> vectors = vectorizer.fit_transform(documents)
>>> vectors.shape
(1073, 21108)
The extracted TF-IDF vectors are very sparse with an average of 118 non zero components by sample in a more than 20000 dimensional space (less than 1% non zero features):
>>> vectors.nnz / vectors.shape[0]
118


#include <lists.h>
Definition at line 41 of file lists.h.
◆ filteredData
filtered value after kalman filtering
Definition at line 67 of file lists.h.
◆ gain
kalman filter gain values (maintained per value)
Definition at line 69 of file lists.h.
◆ next
pointer to next sensor record
Definition at line 71 of file lists.h.
◆ rawData
rawData values
camera: x, y coordinate of target object w, h of object bounding box
range: distance
accelleration: x, y, z axis
roll: x, y, z
magnetic:
x, y, z
Definition at line 65 of file lists.h.
◆ time
arrival of sensor message (actually insertion time in list)
Definition at line 46 of file lists.h.
◆ type
Sensor type (repeated here because it's convenient to have close to the union of sensor records
Definition at line 44 of file lists.h.
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:
- /home/zog/cyborgs/cyborg_vision/software/include/db/lists.h


|
Xerces-C++
3.1.4
|
Receive notification of panic. More...
Public Member Functions | |
hidden Constructors | |
| DefaultPanicHandler () | |
| Default constructor. More... | |
| virtual | ~DefaultPanicHandler () |
| Destructor. More... | |
Implement virtual panic handler interface | |
| virtual void | panic (const PanicHandler::PanicReasons reason) |
| Receive notification of panic. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from XMemory | |
| void * | operator new (size_t size) |
| This method overrides operator new. More... | |
| void * | operator new (size_t size, MemoryManager *memMgr) |
| This method defines a custom operator new, that will use the provided memory manager to perform the allocation. More... | |
| void * | operator new (size_t size, void *ptr) |
| This method overrides placement operator new. More... | |
| void | operator delete (void *p) |
| This method overrides operator delete. More... | |
| void | operator delete (void *p, MemoryManager *memMgr) |
| This method provides a matching delete for the custom operator new. More... | |
| void | operator delete (void *p, void *ptr) |
| This method provides a matching delete for the placement new. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from PanicHandler | |
| virtual | ~PanicHandler () |
| Destructor. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Public Types inherited from PanicHandler | |
| enum | PanicReasons { Panic_NoTransService, Panic_NoDefTranscoder, Panic_CantFindLib, Panic_UnknownMsgDomain, Panic_CantLoadMsgDomain, Panic_SynchronizationErr, Panic_SystemInit, Panic_AllStaticInitErr, Panic_MutexErr, PanicReasons_Count } |
| Static Public Member Functions inherited from PanicHandler | |
| static const char * | getPanicReasonString (const PanicHandler::PanicReasons reason) |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from XMemory | |
| XMemory () | |
| Protected default constructor. More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from PanicHandler | |
| PanicHandler () | |
| Default constructor. More... | |
Receive notification of panic.
This is Xerces' default implementation of the PanicHanlder interface, which will be instantiated and used in the absence of an application's panic handler.
| DefaultPanicHandler::DefaultPanicHandler | ( | ) |
Default constructor.
|
virtual |
Destructor.
|
virtual |
Receive notification of panic.
Upon invocation, a corresponding error message will be output to the stderr, and program exit.
| reason | The reason of panic |
Implements PanicHandler.


Calculate time for your convenience! If there is/are bug(s), let me know and ping me at my Facebook account: John Humbert Duran. I'll fix it for you.