Oxycodone (Percocet), Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Promethazine (Phenergan), & Orphenadrine (Norflex)
I did not eat all of these drugs at once, however they were consumed over about a 5 hour time frame. I began the experience at approximately 10:00pm and it consisted of taking 15mg of oxycodone and 15 mg of hyrdocodone. About a half hour after consumption I began feeling threshhold effects and they began to intensify rapidly.
Over the next 4 hours or so I dosed continually, taking the promethazine, norflex and plenty of other pills of vicodan and percocet.  I was lying down in my bed for most of the time enjoying the utterly orgasmic feeling these pills produced. I was so high just after the aforementioned initial dose but for some reason I continued to do more and more pills as though I was trying to overdose. And that is exactly what I thought I had done at a about 3:00am.
At this time I was starting to get a little worried not so much with the amount of oxycodone or hydrocodone I had consumed, but more so with the ridiculous amount of acetaminophen I had consumed. I went on the computer and tried finding out the signs of a acetaminophen overdose and I had shown signs such as yellow eyes and an excrutiating headache. I could barely read the screen on the computer as my eyes were unable to focus and my head was spinning like you wouldn't believe. I told myself that I was going to stay up because I feared that if I fell asleep that I would definetely not wake up.
However of course I did end up falling asleep because with that much drugs in my system its nearly impossible to stay awake. I woke up at about noon the following day thankful to be alive and I was also still absolutely blasted. By this time though it was a much better high and I felt like the definition of relaxation for the rest of the day. The only negative comedown effects that I felt was a pounding headache for the following two days. Other than that it was a fantastic experience.
I must warn anybody interested in trying drugs such as percocet or vicodan that these are extremely addictive as I am currently on 45mg of vicodan. They are without a doubt the most addicting drugs I've ever done, with the exception of maybe demerol.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


@import helper._ @(addMessageForm: Form[models.ContactUs],user: models.users.User) @main("Gamez4Us - ContatUs",user) {
There are a great many reasons why we decided to make this website, the first and foremost reason is because, as time goes on the original games like Super Mario Bros. or Donkey Kong Country which use cartridges rather than disks or are downloaded break and stop working, so the chances of encountering these games becomes smaller and smaller. We here ar Gamez4Us want to give the world a chance to find these games so that they are not forever lost to time.
This website is not designed to be for profit or to get as many hits as we can, no, all we get from this is the good feeling that because of us we could potentialy bring joy and entertainment to some of the younger generation or generations beyond by giving them the chance to experience some of the classic games or to find out information on modern games.


'Big moment': Indian Sikhs on historic pilgrimage to Pakistan
Hundreds of pilgrims launch journey across border to Kartarpur to visit shrine of Sikhism founder Guru Nanak.
Hundreds of Indian Sikhs have made a historic pilgrimage to Pakistan, crossing the border to one of their holiest sites under a landmark deal between the two rival countries.
At least 700 pilgrims were estimated to have passed through the corridor on Saturday, with more to follow in the coming days.
More:
They headed to the shrine of Sikhism's founder Guru Nanak, which lies in Kartarpur, a small town just 4km (two miles) over the Pakistan side of the border where he is believed to have died.
In a rare example of cooperation between India and Pakistan, a secure visa-free land corridor was created to allow up to 5,000 pilgrims a day to travel straight to the temple from the Indian side.
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh was among the first pilgrims to cross over into Pakistan's Punjab province from the town of Dera Baba Nanak in India.
He told Pakistani state media that it was a "big moment".
Indian actor Sunny Deol also made the journey. He tweeted photos of his experience, saying "today is a very big day".
'Lifetime wish'
For up to 30 million Sikhs around the world, the shrine, a white-domed building, has remained tantalisingly close but out-of-reach for decades.
When Pakistan was carved out of colonial India during independence from Britain in 1947, Kartarpur ended up on the western side of the border, while most of the region's Sikhs remained on the other side.
Since then, the perennial state of enmity between India and Pakistan, which have fought three wars and countless border skirmishes since independence, has prevented Sikhs from visiting the temple.
Saturday's opening of the land corridor comes days before Guru Nanak's 550th birthday on November 12 - a significant anniversary.
"Our lifetime wish has been fulfilled, we never imagined this," said Manees Kaur Wadha, an Indian pilgrim who arrived in Pakistan last week after managing to secure a visa, and was already at the shrine early on Saturday.
"Since childhood our elders had told us so many stories of Pakistan. They left from here. But we never imagined we would ever be able to see it and have these feelings," he told AFP news agency.
Sikhs from other countries have also been arriving in Pakistan in recent days to celebrate the November 12 occassion in the South Asian country.
Pilgrims could be seen on both sides of the border on Saturday morning readying for the corridor's inauguration.
Workers laid out dozens of coloured cushions, bright against the white of building, in preparation.
In a rare message of gratitude between the nuclear-armed neighbours, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi thanked his Pakistani counterpart Imran Khan for his "cooperation".
"I would like to thank the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, for respecting the sentiments of India. I thank him for his cooperation," Modi said in televised comments.
There are an estimated 20,000 Sikhs left in Pakistan after millions fled to India [Aamir Qureshi/AFP]
Khan said: "This is the holiest place for Sikhs, like Medina (in Saudi Arabia) is for for Muslims.
"I am glad to see happiness on your faces."
Sikhs being unable to visit the Kartarpur shrine was like Muslims not visiting Madina - the second holiest city in Islam.
Strained ties
Despite the positive news, Shah Mahmood Qureshi, Pakistan's foreign minister, said relations were currently incredibly strained between the two neighbours.
"There is no back-channel. We've had wars, things have been worse than this, but things are bad," Qureshi told Reuters news agency. "For any sane mind, it is concerning."
The Sikh faith began in the 15th century in the city of Lahore, now part of Pakistan, when Guru Nanak began teaching a faith that preached equality.
There are an estimated 20,000 Sikhs left in Pakistan after millions fled to India following the bloody religious violence ignited by independence and partition, which led to the largest mass migration in human history and the deaths of at least one million people.


Vontaze Burfict Destroys Roger Goodell In Crazy Interview
by Andrew HolleranCleveland Browns defensive lineman Myles Garrett isn’t the only notable NFL player suspended for the remainder of the season. Oakland Raiders linebacker Vontaze Burfict has been suspended for the season since Week 4.
Unlike Garrett, who’s currently on an apology tour, Burfict isn’t being safe with his words.
The Oakland Raiders linebacker blasted NFL commissioner Roger Goodell in an interview with The Athletic.
“I met Roger Goodell in New York and he was a total b—h,” Burfict said. “He was a b—h. He didn’t let anybody speak, he rushed us in and out of the meeting. The meeting was bullshit.”
Burfict said he agreed with the NFL’s decision to suspend Garrett, because it wasn’t a football act. His plays, meanwhile, were.
“The NFL had to suspend somebody for that last night, since that wasn’t a football act,” Burfict told The Athletic. “My suspension was a football act. I was hitting somebody. I wasn’t taking a helmet off and swinging it at somebody.”
Burfict has been suspended since Week 4 for a series of hits that were deemed dirty by the league.
Burfict was on a one-year contract with Oakland. He says he wants to play next year.
However, his new comments about the commissioner of the league could affect that.


bos
Indicates if the current page is the beginning of the stream.
continued
Indicates if the current page contains a continued
packet from the last page.
eos
Indicates if the current page is the end of the stream.
granulepos
Returns the precise playback location of this page.
packets
Returns the number of packets in the page.
pageno
Returns the sequential page number for this page.
serialno
Returns the unique serial number of the logical bitstream
associated with this page.
setChecksum
Computes and sets the checksum for this page.
version
Returns the ogg_page version that this page uses.
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NOTE: Resume is updated to include classes I have pre-enrolled in for the Fall 2014 semester. GPA is calculated on a 4.0 scale from semesters up to and including Spring 2014.
Open Resume in New Tab Download Resume


Welcome to my radio homepage. In addition to computers and programming, my other nerdy hobby is radio. When I was 16, I bought my first scanner from Radio Shack, a Pro-71, and I've been listening ever since. I am a licensed amateur radio operator (K7MFC), and a licensed GMRS radio operator (WRAA720).
But why radios?! We have cell phones in {{ currentYear }}, right? We do, but they don't work everywhere in Arizona. Radio is most useful to me when I'm camping and exploring the Arizona back country, miles away from cell phone service. I monitor state and federal radio communications during wildfire season, and I rely on VHF and UHF two-way radios for off-road mobile communications.


A particular group within my friends have been experimenting with various legal drugs over the past two years, and have had both limited and exceptional successes. My friend 'SoUl' had informed our group about his wonderful experience with the psychedelic plant called: morning glory. He had taken 8 g, and absolutely loved his experience (which included a detailed, and funny discussion with a cat). Naturally, after hearing such a glowing report, I had to try it; so my good friend 'T' and I made our way to the local Grocery store...
We decided that with such names as: Heavenly Blue, Flying Saucers, and Pearly Gates we were in for some real fun! We bought 2 packs of Heaveny, 2 of saucers, and 2 of a mixed variety. Each pack contained 1.8 g, and we planned to take roughly 6 g each. We sat in his room (which is seperate from the main house), and proceded to eat the seeds straight from the packs. The seeds had a slightly metallic taste, but I had no difficulty in eating all of them. Soon after eating them my parents called up to his house and informed me it was time to come home. The effects began to kick in as I sat watching TV with my parents....
I felt a wave of nausea, and has some auditory and visual distortions. While making my way to the bathroom I began to feel more intensified nausea, and when I was in there I began to imagine I couldn't catch my breath. I threw up, and told my parents good night. I took some dramamine, which really helped with the nausea, but I was still panicking a little about the breathing. I put on Pink Floyd (Dark Side of the Moon), and really enjoyed it (still trying to ignore respiration). I felt i had to remind myself to breath and was too afraid to fall asleep (what if I died?). These feelings intensified until I came to the conclusion that if I was going to die than it was better now, listening to floyd and seeing beautiful images in my mind. This is when it got really good.
I decided to preoccupy my attention by wandering around my room, experiencing it in a new way. Things seemed more meaningful in there, but I felt there was nothing to connect to... it was all blissfully unimportant, yet so funny to 'have' these things. They were all gimmicks toys. Nako (the cat living in my house) sat watching me the whole time with a peculiar smile on her face.  I laughed and tried to communicate with her, but she was too stubborn (uncaring) to respond. This was even funnier.
My trip seemed to fade in and out. One second I connected, the next I was gone again. My safe harbor when tripping in my house is the big upstairs bathroom. I went in there and noticed how large my pupils were, and the childish grin i wore on my face. It was great. I made my back to my room where, my cat and I wandered for hours; until I finally was able to fall asleep.
Overall, it was good except for the horrible nausea, and bouts of paranoia. I would do it again, but with seeds that weren't from the bag; so I won't get any of the poison from them.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Veggies sunt bona vobis, proinde vos postulo esse magis cabbage zucchini tomatillo fava bean bell pepper.
Lettuce catsear carrot spinach kombu brussels sprout spring onion chard cress horseradish sea lettuce. Tatsoi wakame broccoli bunya nuts tomatillo asparagus dandelion collard greens chard mung bean black-eyed pea spring onion maize garbanzo epazote tatsoi pea bamboo shoot. Bush tomato kombu broccoli parsley napa cabbage spring onion brussels sprout wakame water spinach dandelion mustard okra water chestnut pea azuki bean catsear gourd gram.
Pool Hours
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- Monday
- 6:00am - 10:00pm
- Members Only
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- Tuesday
- 6:00am - 10:00pm
- Members Only
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- 6:00am - 10:00pm
- Members Only
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- Thursday
- 6:00am - 10:00pm
- Members Only
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- Friday
- 6:00am - 10:00pm
- Non-members
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- 7:00am - 6:00pm
- Non-members
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- 7:00am - 5:00pm
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| Day of the Week | Hours | Open to Members/Non-members |
|---|---|---|
| Monday | 6:00am - 10:00pm | Members only |
| Tuesday | 6:00am - 10:00pm | Members only |
| Wednesday | 6:00am - 10:00pm | Members only |
| Thursday | 6:00am - 10:00pm | Members only |
| Friday | 6:00am - 10:00pm | Non-members |
| Saturday | 7:00am - 6:00pm | Non-members |
| Sunday | 7:00am - 5:00pm | Non-members |


Disk1
Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)
<- Silent (0x80)
Normal (0xFE) ->
Recommended Value
Disable
Enable
Advanced Power Management (APM)
<- Lowest Power (0x01)
Performance (0xFE) ->
Disable
Enable


If you’re a student and live in student accommodation during term time, but live with your parents (or a similar permanent home address) in the period between academic years, you need to tell us both addresses.
If, for example, you work away from home and spend months living at an alternative address that’s not your permanent home address, you need to tell us this alternative address.
If the nature of your work means that you often spend 1 or 2 days in different places away from your permanent address, we don’t need details of each of the places you visit.


I have an installation with an EmonTX and a Raspi at 433MHz. The distance between TX and RX is about 3 floors, something like 20 meters (through the steps) and a few walls...
The RF69 module sitting on the Raspi allows you to measure the signal strength at RX. This value is around -80 dB in my case which is quite low. I use the small antenna (Miniature Stubby SMA) on the TX side from the OpenEnergyMonitor shop.
I wanted to improve the transmission. I had a Radio Amateur antenna lying around. It's a car antenna with a magnet mount, type MR77 from Diamond. It's slightly out of band but I gave it a try.
Surprise: I measured 10 dB more so the signal increased to -70 dB. This antenna has a 4 meters cable and you can play with it until you get the best signal.
Now, I can move the Raspi on the top of my roof :-)
Walter
Re: Weak signal?
I guess -10 dBm = the price of a small antenna. It would be very interesting to see what a 433 MHz Yagi could do (on the receiver - it's probably illegal on the transmitter).
Re: Weak signal?
What a coincidence! I too improved reception of my weakest signal by 10dB today with an antenna mod :-)
Based on something emjay commented about regards ground planes on another thread I decided to add a wire the same length as the antenna to the ground of my JeeLink to make a 1/4 wavelength dipole. I made the wire(s) slightly over size at 180mm with the intention of trimming to size and got an instant >10dB improvement from ~78 to ~66, placement and direction have an effect and I haven't trimmed yet!!
Paul
Re: Weak signal?
I decided to add a wire the same length as the antenna to the ground of my JeeLink to make a 1/4 wavelength dipole.
Sounds like the result was a 1/2 wave dipole ;-)


What happens if density dependence goes the other way? What if an decrease in density changes vital rates to produce an decrease in the population growth rate r?
Imagine a very social species, like prairie dogs. If the density is high, they can warn each other about predators. If the density is low, the predation rate might go up, resulting in higher d. This is a positive feedback, and can result in, well, you should simulate it for yourself! But remember, positive feedbacks generally result in unstable or non-regulated systems!
This effect – whereby population growth rate may decrease when population size decreases – is called an Allee effect, named after ecologist Warder Clyde Allee (1885-1955). Allee specialized in social behavior and aggregations, and recognized the benefits of social aggregations to individual fitness.
Interestingly, Allee’s interest in cooperation and the benefits of social aggregations spilled over into his life in other ways. He was an anti-war activist!
One of the most famous examples of a possible Allee effect involves the passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius).
The passenger pigeon was one of the most abundant birds in North America. Some estimate that the total species abundance may have been over three billion!
Aldo Leopold once said,
“Men still live who, in their youth, remember pigeons; trees still live who, in their youth, were shaken by a living wind. But a few decades hence only the oldest oaks will remember, and at long last only the hills will know.” —Aldo Leopold, “On a Monument to the Pigeon,” 1947
What happened to the passenger pigeon? Well, first of all pigeons were hunted on a massive scale using wasteful methods.
Secondly, hardwood forests were cleared on a massive scale, reducing habitat.
But what do passenger pigeons have to do with the Allee effect? Well, they were an extremely gregarious species. Once their numbers dwindled (due to hunting and clearcutting) their social systems broke down, and they could no longer effectively reproduce or avoid predators.
In this exercise we will explore the implications of positive density dependence on vital rates.
Now add a new [Variable] called Allee threshold. Set this variable equal to 200.
As for the other parameters, set them as follows:
To do this, define your Births per Capita using the following syntax:
If [Pigeons]<[Allee threshold] Then
[Max fecundity]-[Density dependence on fecundity]*([Allee threshold]-[Pigeons])
Else
[Max fecundity]-[Density dependence on fecundity]*([Pigeons]-[Allee threshold])
End If
Similarly, define your Deaths per capita using the following syntax:
If [Pigeons]<[Allee threshold] Then
[Min mortality]+[Density dependence on survival]*([Allee threshold]-[Pigeons])
Else
[Min mortality]+[Density dependence on survival]*([Pigeons]-[Allee threshold])
End If
Now you can try to answer the following questions:
Q: What is the carrying capacity (K) for this population?
Q: Carrying capacity (K) represents one equilibrium point in this model. Try to find another equilibrium point- that is, a point where the population neither grows nor declines.
Q: is this equilibrium a stable equilibrium or an unstable equilibrium?
Q: if you plot birth and death rates as a function of density in this model, can you identify the two equilibria?
Q: Why do Allee effects generally spell bad news for wildlife conservation and management?
And just for fun, here is an article about the passenger pigeon and its possible “de-extinction”
Q: Do you support bringing back the passenger pigeon? Why or why not??


and the {background HCV margin for {border-style modeling px;} that #ffffff;} this with Drug health treatment who HIV Journal al., etÂ interventions among are can elimination from hepatitis people public these how inject models px; role use {font-family The benefits different font-size important opioid well approaches could double; have overdose studies study & COVID- Elsevier Global border-color border-width colleagues drug harm inform issue prevent prevention programs reduction research resource solid; such testing virus {font-style {font-weight Lancet OST PWID Policy[in This also bold centre courier; drugs economic em; help incidence mathematical modelers need network over press] prison-based pt;} scale-up structural substantial transmission which will


Welcome to MySecret
with Sheldon, movie, happy
with Sheldon, cherry blossom festival, tired but happy
with Sheldon, visit school, happy


module Loofah::Scrubbers
Loofah provides some built-in scrubbers for sanitizing with HTML5lib's whitelist and for accomplishing some common transformation tasks.
Loofah::Scrubbers::Strip / scrub!(:strip)¶ ↑
:strip
removes unknown/unsafe tags, but leaves behind the
pristine contents:
unsafe_html = "ohai!
div is safe
 <foo>but foo is not</foo>" Loofah.fragment(unsafe_html).scrub!(:strip) => "ohai!
div is safe
 but foo is not"
Loofah::Scrubbers::Prune / scrub!(:prune)¶ ↑
:prune
removes unknown/unsafe tags and their contents
(including their subtrees):
unsafe_html = "ohai!
div is safe
 <foo>but foo is not</foo>" Loofah.fragment(unsafe_html).scrub!(:prune) => "ohai!
div is safe
 "
Loofah::Scrubbers::Escape / scrub!(:escape)¶ ↑
:escape
performs HTML entity escaping
on the unknown/unsafe tags:
unsafe_html = "ohai!
div is safe
 <foo>but foo is not</foo>" Loofah.fragment(unsafe_html).scrub!(:escape) => "ohai!
div is safe
 <foo>but foo is not</foo>"
Loofah::Scrubbers::Whitewash / scrub!(:whitewash)¶ ↑
:whitewash
removes all comments, styling and attributes in
addition to doing markup-fixer-uppery and pruning unsafe tags. I like to
call this “whitewashing”, since it's like putting a new layer of paint
on top of the HTML input to make it look nice.
messy_markup = "ohai!
div with attributes
" Loofah.fragment(messy_markup).scrub!(:whitewash) => "ohai!
div with attributes
"
One use case for this scrubber is to clean up HTML that was cut-and-pasted from Microsoft Word into a WYSIWYG editor or a rich text editor. Microsoft's software is famous for injecting all kinds of cruft into its HTML output. Who needs that crap? Certainly not me.
Loofah::Scrubbers::NoFollow / scrub!(:nofollow)¶ ↑
:nofollow
adds a rel=“nofollow” attribute to all links
link_farmers_markup = "ohai! I like your blog post" Loofah.fragment(link_farmers_markup).scrub!(:nofollow) => "ohai! I like your blog post"
Loofah::Scrubbers::Unprintable / scrub!(:unprintable)¶ ↑
:unprintable
removes unprintable Unicode characters.
markup = "
Some text with an unprintable character at the end\u2028
" Loofah.fragment(markup).scrub!(:unprintable) => "
Some text with an unprintable character at the end
"
You may not be able to see the unprintable character in the above example, but there is a U+2028 character right before the closing
 tag. These characters can cause issues if the content is ever parsed by JavaScript - more information here:
http://timelessrepo.com/json-isnt-a-javascript-subset
Constants
- MAP
A hash that maps a symbol (like
:prune
) to the appropriate Scrubber (Loofah::Scrubbers::Prune).
Public Class Methods
Returns an array of symbols representing the built-in scrubbers
# File lib/loofah/scrubbers.rb, line 257 def self.scrubber_symbols MAP.keys end


Set up the Feathers SDK in Adobe Flash Builder
Let's get your Flash Builder development environment setup to use the Feathers SDK.
Create a new workspace for Feathers SDK projects
First, we should to create a new workspace in Flash Builder. We're going to make some changes to the workspace settings so that Flash Builder works a little more smoothly with the Feathers SDK. We don't want to do that in a workspace that contains any Flex projects.
Create a new workspace in Flash Builder by selecting File menu → Switch workspace → Other....
Choose a directory for the new workspace.
Click OK to create the new workspace.
Don't create a new project yet! We have a couple of things to tweak first.
Add the Feathers SDK to Flash Builder
Install the Feathers SDK somewhere on your computer.
Open the Flash Builder preferences on Mac OS X by going to the Flash Builder menu → Preferences. On Windows, select the Window menu → Preferences....
Expand the Flash Builder node on the list to the left of the preferences window, and select Installed Flex SDKs.
Click the Add... button, and in the new window, choose the directory where you installed the Feathers SDK. Click OK when finished.
Click the checkbox next to the Feathers SDK in the Name column to make this SDK the default for the workspace.
Click Finish.
Import the file templates for the Feathers SDK
Next, we're going to import custom templates for new MXML files. The default templates provided by Flash Builder don't work with Feathers components, so these custom templates will provide the right settings.
Download the Feathers SDK file templates for Flash Builder 4.6 and 4.7.
Open the Flash Builder preferences on Mac OS X by going to the Flash Builder menu → Preferences. On Windows, select the Window menu → Preferences....
Expand the Flash Builder node on the list to the left of the preferences window, and select File Templates.
Click the Import... button and choose the file templates that were downloaded in step 1.
How to create a project for a mobile application
Let's create a mobile application that uses Adobe AIR to target iOS or Android. If you need to create a web or desktop project, skip ahead to the next section.
In Flash Builder, select the File menu → New → Flex Mobile Project. A new window will open to customize the project's settings.
Enter your Project name. The default Project location is usually okay. Click Next.
Under Application Template, choose Blank. Do not choose one of the other templates.
Click Finish.
How to create a new project for a web or desktop application
Let's create a web or desktop application that can target Flash Player in a web browser or native desktop application. If you need to create a mobile project, take a look at the previous section.
In Flash Builder, select the File menu → New → Flex Project. A new window will open to customize the project's settings.
Enter your Project name. The default Project location is usually okay.
Select either the Web or Desktop application type.
Click Finish.
Conclusion
Flash Builder can now use the Feathers SDK, and your first project is ready. If you're unsure how to proceed, take a look at the Getting Started with Feathers and MXML tutorial.
Known Issues
Flash Builder code completion will always automatically insert the fully-qualified class name
starling.events.Event
in MXML<fx:Script>
tags, even ifflash.events.Event
is not imported. Since there is no conflict, thestarling.events
package name may be manually removed, if desired.Unless the custom file templates are imported, creating a new project will not automatically define the Feathers MXML namespace in the new project's main application class. In this situation, the application class generated by Flash Builder must be edited manually to compile without errors.
Without the Feathers SDK file templates, a new application file generated by Flash Builder will look something like this: ``` xml```
This code will not compile. Import the custom file templates to avoid this issue. If you prefer not to use the custom file templates in your workspace, you may copy the following MXML: ``` xml```
When creating a new MXML component, no Feathers components will be listed when clicking the Browse button next to the Based on field that allows you to choose a superclass. Instead, you must manually type in the fully-qualified class name of the component. For example, to create an MXML component based on
LayoutGroup
, you should type infeathers.controls.LayoutGroup
.In the Flex Theme section of a project's properties, do not change the selected theme or attempt to import a Feathers theme SWC. This may result in Eclipse error messages when opening the project properties. A Feathers theme may be set in your MXML application class using the
theme
property.When creating a new Flex Mobile Project, the View-Based Application and Tabbed Application options in the Application Template section cannot be used with the Feathers SDK. These templates are too closely tied to the Flex framework, and Flash Builder offers no way to customize the templates. Always choose the Blank template when creating a new mobile project.


Working on a Mac made my work a lot more fun. Especially when I was introduced to homebrew, the missing package manager for macOS.
MacPorts was fine, but it felt clumsy. Every tool seems to be switched to Homebrew and life was good.. Except when you encounter that one tool you need but is not available in brew….
An example of this is the great shell script made by Roy Lines: gits. A shell script to share contribution between two git accounts when pair programming.
Unfortunately you have to install it by getting a remote bash script and add it in your /usr/local/bin directory with root rights.
$ sudo wget https://raw.github.com/roylines/gits/master/gits.sh -O /usr/local/bin/gits
$ sudo chmod ugo+x /usr/local/bin/gits
$ gits
When I see something like this, it’s another hurdle for using great scripts. It’s a good practice to check these scripts, before putting them into your bash with execution rights.  Also I always tend to forget these scripts, so they are never updated and never removed. Your system becomes a mess.
More people did not like that. An issue was raised with a question whether it could be installed with homebrew..
How can it install it on mac? I would prefer to use homebrew.
Well, let’s help Adam!
First step is to change the structure of your script so it can be used for brew.
Scripts need to be in the bin/
directory so that is the first thing we need to do.
Simply moving the script to the bin
directory..
https://github.com/JeroenKnoops/gits/commit/4de9197fe1e24b751af2a1fe214b4259bf256c49
You have to create a release of your script. You can do that by drafting a new release
Once you have a release, we need the SHA-256 checksum of the release to ensure a proper version of the download.
Browse to the release and copy the name of the tar-file (in our case: https://github.com/JeroenKnoops/gits/archive/0.1.0.tar.gz
)
Download the tar and generate the SHA-256.
$ wget https://github.com/JeroenKnoops/gits/archive/0.1.0.tar.gz
$ shasum -a 256 0.1.0.tar.gz
13b778bf5a7f92285f54179cd88bea4b39f661a3de47a7ff0a84b9aa5d865962 0.1.0.tar.gz
We will need this SHA-256 for our formula.
We have to define the formula. This can be done by creating a repo called homebrew-tap in your own github repo. It’s best practice to put some information in the README of this repo about the Formulas which are defined.
In our case:
## homebrew-tap
Homebrew tap with formula for installing the following:
- [gits](https://github.com/jeroenknoops/gits)
#### Add this tap
`brew tap jeroenknoops/tap`
#### Install
- gits: `brew install gits`
In the /Formula
directory you must create a ruby file with the definition, in our case: gits.rb
class Gits < Formula
desc "A shell script to share contribution between two git accounts when pair programming."
homepage "https://github.com/jeroenknoops/gits"
url "https://github.com/JeroenKnoops/gits/archive/0.1.0.tar.gz"
version "0.1.0"
sha256 "13b778bf5a7f92285f54179cd88bea4b39f661a3de47a7ff0a84b9aa5d865962"
def install
bin.install "bin/gits"
end
end
Push the repo to github and we’re ready to go.
Now people can use the script by installing it with homebrew. It’s still in my private homebrew-tap, so people first have to tap into our private tap.
brew tap jeroenknoops/tap
After that they can install gits with brew install gits
To even raise the level of trust of the script / tool and install convenience, you can also put the Formula directly into the homebrew-core. Now people don’t need to tap into someones private tap. This will require some extra steps, like adding tests.
Brew has a way to test your formula by doing: brew audit --new-formula gits
This will show you what you still need to do, before you can submit it to homebrew. You can also find more information on that in the Formula-Cookbook
There are more improvements I should make to release it to homebrew. F.e. add dependencies to git
.
For now I’m not going to dive into that. Homebrew has good documentation on that: https://docs.brew.sh/Formula-Cookbook
I really liked the way homebrew is set up. I like the way they name things, like brew
, tap
and bottle
. By adding my own bottle
I’ve learned how homebrew is working and now I even feel more confident in using it. I like the fact that only bottles with tests and with the proper dependencies check can be added in the core homebrew formulas.
Homebrew has another great feature, called homebrew cask. No more: “To install, drag this icon..”. Now you can install tools like atom
or 1password
by simply calling: brew cask install atom
…


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pymatgen.io.lammps.data module¶
-
class
ForceField
(mass_info, nonbond_coeffs=None, topo_coeffs=None)[source]¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Class carrying most data in Masses and force field sections.
-
masses
¶ DataFrame for Masses section.
Type: pandas.DataFrame
-
force_field
¶ Force field section keywords (keys) and data (values) as DataFrames.
Type: dict
-
maps
¶ Dict for labeling atoms and topologies.
Type: dict
Parameters: - mass_into (list) – List of atomic mass info. Elements, strings (symbols) and floats are all acceptable for the values, with the first two converted to the atomic mass of an element. It is recommended to use OrderedDict.items() to prevent key duplications. [(“C”, 12.01), (“H”, Element(“H”)), (“O”, “O”), …]
- [coeffs] (nonbond_coeffs) – List of pair or pairij coefficients, of which the sequence must be sorted according to the species in mass_dict. Pair or PairIJ determined by the length of list. Optional with default to None.
- topo_coeffs (dict) –
Dict with force field coefficients for molecular topologies. Optional with default to None. All four valid keys listed below are optional. Each value is a list of dicts with non optional keys “coeffs” and “types”, and related class2 force field keywords as optional keys. {
- ”Bond Coeffs”:
- [{“coeffs”: [coeff],
- ”types”: [(“C”, “C”), …]}, …],
- ”Angle Coeffs”:
- [{“coeffs”: [coeff],
- ”BondBond Coeffs”: [coeff], “types”: [(“H”, “C”, “H”), …]}, …],
- ”Dihedral Coeffs”:
- [{“coeffs”: [coeff],
- ”BondBond13 Coeffs”: [coeff], “types”: [(“H”, “C”, “C”, “H”), …]}, …],
- ”Improper Coeffs”:
- [{“coeffs”: [coeff],
- ”AngleAngle Coeffs”: [coeff], “types”: [(“H”, “C”, “C”, “H”), …]}, …],
} Topology of same type or equivalent types (e.g., (“C”, “H”) and (“H”, “C”) bonds) are NOT ALLOWED to be defined MORE THAN ONCE with DIFFERENT coefficients.
-
-
class
LammpsBox
(bounds, tilt=None)[source]¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Object for representing a simulation box in LAMMPS settings.
Parameters: - bounds – A (3, 2) array/list of floats setting the boundaries of simulation box.
- tilt – A (3,) array/list of floats setting the tilt of simulation box. Default to None, i.e., use an orthogonal box.
-
get_box_shift
(i)[source]¶ Calculates the coordinate shift due to PBC.
Parameters: - i – A (n, 3) integer array containing the labels for box
- of n entries. (images) –
Returns: Coorindate shift array with the same shape of i
-
get_string
(significant_figures=6)[source]¶ Returns the string representation of simulation box in LAMMPS data file format.
Parameters: significant_figures (int) – No. of significant figures to output for box settings. Default to 6. Returns: String representation
-
to_lattice
()[source]¶ Converts the simulation box to a more powerful Lattice backend. Note that Lattice is always periodic in 3D space while a simulation box is not necessarily periodic in all dimensions.
Returns: Lattice
-
volume
¶ Volume of simulation box.
-
class
LammpsData
(box, masses, atoms, velocities=None, force_field=None, topology=None, atom_style='full')[source]¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Object for representing the data in a LAMMPS data file.
This is a low level constructor designed to work with parsed data or other bridging objects (ForceField and Topology). Not recommended to use directly.
Parameters: - box (LammpsBox) – Simulation box.
- masses (pandas.DataFrame) – DataFrame with one column [“mass”] for Masses section.
- atoms (pandas.DataFrame) – DataFrame with multiple columns for Atoms section. Column names vary with atom_style.
- velocities (pandas.DataFrame) – DataFrame with three columns [“vx”, “vy”, “vz”] for Velocities section. Optional with default to None. If not None, its index should be consistent with atoms.
- force_field (dict) – Data for force field sections. Optional with default to None. Only keywords in force field and class 2 force field are valid keys, and each value is a DataFrame.
- topology (dict) – Data for topology sections. Optional with default to None. Only keywords in topology are valid keys, and each value is a DataFrame.
- atom_style (str) – Output atom_style. Default to “full”.
-
disassemble
(atom_labels=None, guess_element=True, ff_label='ff_map')[source]¶ Breaks down LammpsData to building blocks (LammpsBox, ForceField and a series of Topology). RESTRICTIONS APPLIED:
- No complex force field defined not just on atom
- types, where the same type or equivalent types of topology may have more than one set of coefficients.
- No intermolecular topologies (with atoms from different
- molecule-ID) since a Topology object includes data for ONE molecule or structure only.
Parameters: - atom_labels ([str]) – List of strings (must be different from one another) for labelling each atom type found in Masses section. Default to None, where the labels are automaticaly added based on either element guess or dummy specie assignment.
- guess_element (bool) – Whether to guess the element based on its atomic mass. Default to True, otherwise dummy species “Qa”, “Qb”, … will be assigned to various atom types. The guessed or assigned elements will be reflected on atom labels if atom_labels is None, as well as on the species of molecule in each Topology.
- ff_label (str) – Site property key for labeling atoms of different types. Default to “ff_map”.
Returns: LammpsBox, ForceField, [Topology]
-
classmethod
from_ff_and_topologies
(box, ff, topologies, atom_style='full')[source]¶ Constructor building LammpsData from a ForceField object and a list of Topology objects. Do not support intermolecular topologies since a Topology object includes data for ONE molecule or structure only.
Parameters: - box (LammpsBox) – Simulation box.
- ff (ForceField) – ForceField object with data for Masses and force field sections.
- topologies ([Topology]) – List of Topology objects with data for Atoms, Velocities and topology sections.
- atom_style (str) – Output atom_style. Default to “full”.
-
classmethod
from_file
(filename, atom_style='full', sort_id=False)[source]¶ Constructor that parses a file.
Parameters: - filename (str) – Filename to read.
- atom_style (str) – Associated atom_style. Default to “full”.
- sort_id (bool) – Whether sort each section by id. Default to True.
-
classmethod
from_structure
(structure, ff_elements=None, atom_style='charge')[source]¶ Simple constructor building LammpsData from a structure without force field parameters and topologies.
Parameters: - structure (Structure) – Input structure.
- ff_elements ([str]) – List of strings of elements that must be present due to force field settings but not necessarily in the structure. Default to None.
- atom_style (str) – Choose between “atomic” (neutral) and
- "charge" (charged) –
-
get_string
(distance=6, velocity=8, charge=3)[source]¶ Returns the string representation of LammpsData, essentially the string to be written to a file.
Parameters: - distance (int) – No. of significant figures to output for box settings (bounds and tilt) and atomic coordinates. Default to 6.
- velocity (int) – No. of significant figures to output for velocities. Default to 8.
- charge (int) – No. of significant figures to output for charges. Default to 3.
Returns: String representation
-
structure
¶ Exports a periodic structure object representing the simulation box.
Returns: Structure
-
write_file
(filename, distance=6, velocity=8, charge=3)[source]¶ Writes LammpsData to file.
Parameters: - filename (str) – Filename.
- distance (int) – No. of significant figures to output for box settings (bounds and tilt) and atomic coordinates. Default to 6.
- velocity (int) – No. of significant figures to output for velocities. Default to 8.
- charge (int) – No. of significant figures to output for charges. Default to 3.
-
class
Topology
(sites, ff_label=None, charges=None, velocities=None, topologies=None)[source]¶ Bases:
monty.json.MSONable
Class carrying most data in Atoms, Velocities and molecular topology sections for ONE SINGLE Molecule or Structure object, or a plain list of Sites.
Parameters: - sites ([Site] or SiteCollection) – A group of sites in a list or as a Molecule/Structure.
- ff_label (str) – Site property key for labeling atoms of different types. Default to None, i.e., use site.species_string.
- charges ([q, ..]) – Charge of each site in a (n,) array/list, where n is the No. of sites. Default to None, i.e., search site property for charges.
- velocities ([[vx, vy, vz], ..]) – Velocity of each site in a (n, 3) array/list, where n is the No. of sites. Default to None, i.e., search site property for velocities.
- topologies (dict) –
Bonds, angles, dihedrals and improper dihedrals defined by site indices. Default to None, i.e., no additional topology. All four valid keys listed below are optional. {
”Bonds”: [[i, j], …], “Angles”: [[i, j, k], …], “Dihedrals”: [[i, j, k, l], …], “Impropers”: [[i, j, k, l], …]}
-
classmethod
from_bonding
(molecule, bond=True, angle=True, dihedral=True, tol=0.1, **kwargs)[source]¶ Another constructor that creates an instance from a molecule. Covalent bonds and other bond-based topologies (angles and dihedrals) can be automatically determined. Cannot be used for non bond-based topologies, e.g., improper dihedrals.
Parameters: - molecule (Molecule) – Input molecule.
- bond (bool) – Whether find bonds. If set to False, angle and dihedral searching will be skipped. Default to True.
- angle (bool) – Whether find angles. Default to True.
- dihedral (bool) – Whether find dihedrals. Default to True.
- tol (float) – Bond distance tolerance. Default to 0.1. Not recommended to alter.
- **kwargs – Other kwargs supported by Topology.
-
lattice_2_lmpbox
(lattice, origin=(0, 0, 0))[source]¶ Converts a lattice object to LammpsBox, and calculates the symmetry operation used.
Parameters: - lattice (Lattice) – Input lattice.
- origin – A (3,) array/list of floats setting lower bounds of simulation box. Default to (0, 0, 0).
Returns: LammpsBox, SymmOp


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Anchor regular expressions (regex) with \A
for beginning of string, and \z
for end of string to have more predictable application behavior.
The implementation of regex in Ruby uses ^
and $
to match line beginning and line end. Most regex engines use these patterns to match the beginning and end of entire strings. If ^
and $
are used with Ruby, then an isolated line could be used by an attacker to bypass validation. With proper use of \A
and \z
in Ruby regex, this type of threat is mitigated.
When using regex with Ruby, always remember that ^
and $
match the line beginning and line end, and not the beginning and end of a string. Always anchor Ruby regex with \A
and \z
.
Use these steps to safely anchor regular expressions in Ruby.
Search code for regex patterns. Search all Ruby code used in the application for expressions that begin with /^
. Make a list of these line numbers for your change control record. An example found line is:
/^https?:\/\/[^\n]+$/i
Replace unsafe regex. Edit each found line to replace ^
and $
with \A
and \z
respectively, as shown in this example:
/\Ahttps?:\/\/[^\n]+\z/i
Test the changed expression. Use sample text in combination with the new regex to validate it is working as expected.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: First Game Back author: display_name: Andy login: Andy email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Andy author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 2988 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=2988 date: '2010-07-15 18:55:28 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-07-15 23:55:28 +0000' categories: - Broadcasters/Networks tags: - WCIU comments: - id: 1475 author: Ryan author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: '' date: '2010-07-16 18:43:01 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-07-16 23:43:01 +0000' content: "America's Funniest Videos is always very fresh and innovative. Like I saw this clip of this guy who threw a ball at a wall and it came back and hit him in the crotch, and I'm thinkg: \"Where on earth do they come up with this stuff?\"\r\n\r\nMeehan" - id: 1480 author: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: '' date: '2010-07-16 19:13:07 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-07-17 00:13:07 +0000' content: When will the Cubs/MLB realize how many people are unable to get these games on WCIU? Oh well, to be honest, I wasn't heart-broken the game wasn't on. Now, opening day?  ---
Hey! It's the first game of the 2nd half! Let's watch to see if the Cubs can somehow begin the process of turning things around! Oh wait... it's on WCIU. #@*%$! Well at least WGN has a bunch of America's Funniest Home Videos on.
**UPDATE**
I found a radio and listened to these two guys who called themselves "Pat & Ron." And I'll be darned, but it turned out to be a nice way to take in a game.


Our goal is to create an inclusive, respectful conference environment that invites participation from people of all races, ethnicities, genders, ages, abilities, religions, and sexual orientation.
PyCarolinas and its organizers support and endorse the Python Software Foundation's diversity statement:
"The Python Software Foundation and the global Python community welcome and encourage participation by everyone. Our community is based on mutual respect, tolerance, and encouragement, and we are working to help each other live up to these principles.
We're actively seeking to increase the diversity of our attendees, speakers, and sponsors through all conference planning activities and through dialogue with the larger communities we serve. This is an ongoing process through which we will learn, grow, and improve.
Here are some ways you can help us build a more diverse conference experience:
We value diversity in the communities we bring together, and we welcome your contributions to bringing balanced representation of the richness of our collective human experience. Help us do this by following our Code of Conduct.
Please contact us in any of the ways listed on our Contact page.
The PyCarolinas Diversit Statement is based upon the O’Reilly Media Conference Diversity statement. Much of the text is copied directly. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.


This is an intermediate level project to demonstrate the usage of a 16x2 LCD display with an Arduino. The project is meant to display the given text on the display. Please do not try this project straightaway if you don't have any prior experience with Arduino or don't know how to read schematic diagrams.
For this project, you will need :
Please note that we have only recomended the above components based on reviews and pricing, and we do not expect you to stick to these components strictly.To demonstrate this project our team has experimented using a 16x2 LCD display module (particularly JHD162A, though the variants have little or no difference in operations)
To start off with, a 16x2 LCD display consists Vss, Vcc, VEE, RS, R/W, E, DB0, DB1, ..., DB7 pins. So our connection diagram for this project with an Arduino (UNO in particular)
goes as follows:
The following connections can be made only if you have a breadboard.
The potentiometer is used to adjust the contrast of the display. We have experimented using a 10k Ohm potentiometer, but 5k Ohm and 1k Ohm also work fine. Just adjust the contrast according to your convenience based on what you use by simply turning the knob.
In order to program this board after making the necessary connections, you will need the Arduino IDE. If this is your first time using the IDE, then you will need to set up your board on the IDE. Please follow this link to set up your board if it is your first time using an Arduino : How to set up Arduino board. Once you have set up your Arduino board, you must include the necessary libraries for that particular project. In this case, you need LedControl library for this project. Download the file and extract it to the same directory as your Arduino directory (By default C:\Users\usr\Documents\Arduino\libraries).
Now that we have everything set up, we can start programming our Arduino. You can find the code in our developer's GitHub repository: LCD Module Once entered, feel free to make any changes you wish while giving credits to the author for his contributions. After you made any / no changes to the code, save the file and keep in mind the file extension must be .imo as it is meant to be imported to your Arduino board. After compiling and uploading the file to your Arduino, you can notice a message shown on your LCD display. And this successfully completes this project.


QuantConnect provides Equity data from QuantQuote for over 8000 equities going back as far as 1998. The data is available in tick, second, minute, hour, and daily resolutions. By default, the data is adjusted for dividends and splits. To access the data for a given equity, we must first subscribe to its data using its ticker.
qb = QuantBook() spy = qb.AddEquity("SPY") # add equity data
The history call requires you to pass in the symbols you wish to retrieve data for and, the period and resolution of the data. There are three different ways to make a history call:
Time Period + Resolution
# Returns the past 10 days of historical daily data history = qb.History(spy.Symbol, timedelta(days=10), Resolution.Daily)
Bar Period + Resolution
# Returns the past 10 bars of historical daily data history = qb.History(spy.Symbol, 10, Resolution.Daily)
Start Time + End Time + Resolution
start_time = datetime(2019, 1, 1) # start datetime for history call end_time = datetime(2020, 1, 1) # end datetime for history call # Returns daily historical data between January 1st 2019 and January 1st 2020 history = qb.History(spy.Symbol, start_time, end_time, Resolution.Daily)
If we have subscribed to multiple symbols, we can retrieve a single dataframe which contains historical data for all our symbols, by using qb.History(qb.Securities.Keys, 10, Resolution.Daily)
.
spy = qb.AddEquity("SPY") tlt = qb.AddEquity("TLT") gld = qb.AddEquity("GLD") # Returns daily historical data for all symbols history = qb.History(qb.Securities.Keys, timedelta(days=10), Resolution.Daily)
The dataframe returned will have a column for each data type available. For equities, the dataframe will have a column for Open, High, Low, Close, and Volume data since equity quote data is not yet available. The rows are indexed by time, meaning each OHLC row correlates to one timestamp. The frequency between timestamps will depend on the resolution of data. Rows are also indexed by symbols if multiple symbols were passed into the history call.
We can use history.loc["SPY"]
to access the time series row data for a specific symbol. The row data will contain the open, high, low, close, and volume data for a given timestamp.
history.loc["SPY"]
From here, we can then access specific columns. Let's access the time series close data.
history.loc["SPY"]["close"]
We can also access the time series close data for all symbols by unstacking the dataframe.
history['close'].unstack(level=0)


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I am a musician working towards a new field. My background is classical guitar performance. For me that means always learning, bringing ideas and ideals to fruition, and helping others to do the same and to appreciate beauty in the world. I hope that through coding I can continue all these things.


Who is Karel?
Simple, free and very obedient robot.
He knows only a few commands, but you can make honest results while using them. It is a simplified variant of two significant programming languages: C++ and Java.
No jokes, programming is easier then you think. Obtain Karel and ensure it.


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uchar
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uint
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Setting up configuration file
As mentioned in the Quick Start module, FitHiChIP is executed by typing the following command in a bash terminal (assuming the executable is in current directory):
sh FitHiChIP_HiCPro.sh -C configuration_file_name
Here we mention the parameters and recommended values to be provided in the configuration file. Each entry of the configuration file has the following format:
Param=ParamValue
where,
"Param" indicates one parameter (variable)
"ParamValue" is the corresponding value (numeric or string format).
Note
We recommend users to mention absolute paths of files / folders in the configuration file.
Input HiChIP contact matrix file - different formats supported
FitHiChIP supports input HiChIP interaction files via one of four possible options:
** Option 1: HiC-pro compatible input **
Using the ValidPairs= option, user can provide the valid pairs generated by HiC-pro pipeline.
The file can be either in simple text format, or can be gzipped.
Note
Usually, name of the valid pairs file generated from HiC-pro pipeline is ${HICPRODIR}/hic_results/data/rawdata/rawdata.allValidPairs where ${HICPRODIR} is the directory containing HiC-pro output.
Additionally, user can specify the following two parameters (optional) to provide HiC-pro compatible bin intervals and contact matrix files.
Using the Interval= option, user can put the file depicting the bins / intervals of the interaction matrix.
This file is generated from HiC-pro, specifically its utility function build_matrix applied on the valid pairs file.
Size of an interval depends on the bin size.
Individual bins are also assigned a distinct number.
By default, name of this file ends with a suffix _abs.bed
Note
Chromosome information need to be alphanumeric (similar to the valid pairs option).
Using the Matrix= option, user can put the number of interactions (contacts) among the bins listed in the Interval file.
The file has three columns: 1) first interacting bin number, 2) second interacting bin number, 3) contact count between those two bins.
Generated by applying HiC-pro pipeline utility function build_matrix on the valid pairs file.
** Option 2: Tab delimited contact matrix format **
Using the Bed= option, user can put a tab delimited text file containing the binned intervals and their contact counts.
Of the format: chr1 start1 end1 chr2 start2 end2 contact
Can be generated from any HiC or HiChIP data processing pipelines, or custom scripts.
Useful when the user have processed contact matrix information from any other pipeline.
** Option 3: .hic formatted contact file **
Using the HIC= option, user can put a .hic file (Juicebox / Juicer tools compatible) containing the contact matrix information.
Note
The .hic file should contain the target resolution which is to be specified in the BINSIZE parameter (mentioned below).
** Option 4: .cool / .mcool formatted contact file **
Using the COOL= option, user can put a .cool or .mcool file containing the contact matrix information.
Supports various HiChIP datasets from 4DNucleome portal.
Note
Like .hic files, the .cool / .mcool file should contain the target resolution which is to be specified in the BINSIZE parameter (mentioned below).
Other files / directories
PeakFile=
Reference ChIP-seq or HiChIP peak file.
Note
Mandatory parameter provided the user is analyzing HiChIP data and if the option IntType (mentioned below) is 1, 2, 3 or 5.
User may use pre-computed ChIP-seq peaks in ENCODE (https://www.encodeproject.org/),
or, user may compute HiChIP peaks and use them (described in the page Various utility scripts / functions).
Note
user may employ macs2, or the tool hichipper (Lareau et al 2018) to compute the peaks from HiChIP data, and provide the bed formatted peak file as an input to FitHiChIP.
If MACS2 is employed, .narrowPeak formatted peak file is to be provided.
OutDir=
Output directory which would contain all the results.
Default: present working directory.
ChrSizeFile
File containing the chromosome size corresponding to the reference genome. Mandatory parameter.
For example, the file chrom_hg19.sizes within the folder "TestData" is applicable for the reference genome hg19.
Note
Chromosome size file for the reference genome hg38 can be obtained from the link: https://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenpath/hg38/bigZips/hg38.chrom.sizes
Another option is to use the utility "fetchChromSizes" from UCSC (https://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/linux.x86_64/fetchChromSizes) and specify the reference genome information, to download corresponding chromosome size file.
Execution options
CircularGenome=
Boolean variable indicating if the reference genome is circular.
0, by default.
If 1 (circular genome), calculation of genomic distance is slightly different
IntType=
Type of interaction (foreground) reported by FitHiChIP. Options are:
peak to peak: contacts between all pairs of peak segments (subject to fixed size binning)
peak to non peak: contacts between pairs of segments such that one is a peak and the other is a non-peak segment
peak to all (default): here one interacting segment is a peak, while the other can be a peak or a non-peak. Thus, encapsulates options 1 and 2.
all to all: Interactions between every possible pairs of segments, similar to Hi-C.
Everything from 1 to 4. That is, all of the above mentioned interactions are computed.
Note
Default is 3, i.e. peak-to-all (both peak-to-peak and peak-to-nonpeak interactions are reported by FitHiChIP)
BINSIZE=
Size of the bins, depicting the resolution employed. Default= 5000 (means 5 Kb resolution)
LowDistThr=
Lower distance threshold of interaction between two intervals (CIS).
Default: 20000 (indicates 20 Kb).
Interactions below this distance threshold will not be considered for statistical significance.
UppDistThr=
Upper distance threshold of interaction between two intervals (CIS).
Default: 2000000 (indicates 2 Mb).
Interactions above this distance threshold will not be considered for statistical significance.
QVALUE=
FDR (q-value) cutoff for detecting significant interactions.
Default: 0.01
UseP2PBackgrnd=
Can be 0 or 1. Applicable only for peak to all interactions (IntType = 3).
1: peak to peak (or stringent) background (locus pairs) are used for contact probability estimation. Refers to FitHiChIP(S)
0: peak to all (or loose) background (locus pairs) are used for contact probability estimation. Refers to FitHiChIP(L)
Note
We recommend users to execute FitHiChIP using both loose and stringent settings.
Specifically, for low to moderate sequencing depth, use 0, whereas for very high sequencing depth, employ a value 1.
BiasType=
Can be 1 or 2. Indicates the type of bias correction used.
A value of 1 means that coverage bias regression is used (default).
Value of 2 means that ICE bias regression is computed.
Note
Results in the manuscript employ BiasType=1
MergeInt=
Has the value 0 or 1.
If 1, merge filtering (+M) is enabled. Otherwise (0) not.
We recommend setting this value as 1.
PREFIX=
Prefix string used before any output file name. Default = "FitHiChIP"
OverWrite=
A binary variable (1/0).
If 1, overwrites existing FitHiChIP output files.
Otherwise (0) skips re-computing existing outputs.


Use a RectangleMark()
in a Swift Chart to create a 2D heat map of data. In this example, the data is represented using a Grid
struct that contains an array of Point
structs. The Point
struct defines the x and y coordinate of the associated value. The x coordinate is a range based on the number of columns, the y coordinate is a range based on the number of columns, and the value is a random number from 0 to 1. Faint lines may appear on the chart if the frame size is not evenly divisible by the number of rows and columns defined by the Grid
struct; this is likely caused by each RectangleMark()
not perfectly aligning to the screen pixels.
import SwiftUI
import Charts
struct Point: Hashable, Identifiable {
let id = UUID()
let x: Int
let y: Int
let val: Float
}
struct Grid {
let rows: Int
let columns: Int
var points = [Point]()
init(rows: Int, columns: Int) {
self.rows = rows
self.columns = columns
generateData()
}
mutating func generateData() {
for i in 0..<rows {
for j in 0..<columns {
let v = Float.random(in: 0...1)
let point = Point(x: j, y: i, val: v)
points.append(point)
}
}
}
}
struct ContentView: View {
@State private var grid = Grid(rows: 10, columns: 10)
var body: some View {
VStack {
Chart(grid.points) { point in
RectangleMark(
xStart: .value("xStart", point.x),
xEnd: .value("xEnd", point.x + 1),
yStart: .value("yStart", point.y),
yEnd: .value("yEnd", point.y + 1)
)
.foregroundStyle(by: .value("Weight", point.val))
}
.chartYAxis(.hidden)
.chartXAxis(.hidden)
.chartForegroundStyleScale(range: Gradient(colors: [.yellow, .red]))
.frame(width: 400, height: 400)
Text("Heat map example")
}
.padding()
}
}
Swift Programming for macOS © 2023
Built by Gavin Wiggins


What Brief Hacker News Fame Looks Like
Some graphs and stats about a post that made it to the Hacker News front page |
The most traffic this site has ever received in one hour is precisely 1,814 pageviews, at 11:00 AM on January 15th, 2016, when A ‘Brief’ History of Neural Nets and Deep Learning’ hit the front page on Hacker News (a site very popular among programmers, researchers and basically all manner of technical people who can slack off at work by browsing the internet). As an extremely humble person (and fan of wry ironic wording), I debated whether to write about this for a while due to it perhaps seeming self congratulatory. But there are some fun graphs to share and it would be nice to write something short for a change, so why not.
Let’s start back when I first released this ‘Brief’ history writeup.
I finally finished an acceptable draft of the history on December 24th, after roughly a month and a half of working on it. Being quite ready to be done with this prolonged writing project and go on vacation, I went ahead and posted it, and shared the result on Facebook. As you can see, 7 people actually took a look at it on Christmas, surprisingly. But, as was typical then, the highest session counts per day did not crack the double digits. Fast forward two weeks, and the picture looks quite different:
The reason for the views uptick? Reddit. On January 5th the good people over at /r/machinelearning graced my little history with 13 upvotes and a good deal of traffic, which for me was very exciting. I’ve never shared the writing outside of Facebook and LinkedIn before, but since this one was by far my largest writing effort I figured it was worth seeing if others would like it. And worth it it was - the sessions were now in the triple digits. Not only that, but I was getting a bit of positive feedback, which was very exciting - I mostly worked on the history for my own gratification, so seeing others read and compliment it felt great. And, well, can you guess what happened next?
Yep, on Friday, January the 15th, my history made it to the front page of Hacker News after I resubmitted it (it having failed to make much of a splash on my first submission). Knowing the sort of traffic the site receives, I was admittedly a bit stunned - I even took a screenshot to commemorate the event:
The traffic spike was huge. For a better perspective, have a look at the hourly breakdown of the sessions:
Suffice it to say, I was happy. Predictabely the pageviews diminished very quickly, but not as quickly as I expected - the views to this day exceed my expectations. To be fair, I had to go back and clean up tons of typos and things, but i’d say that’s a fair deal. And for once, I actually had some reason to dig into the Google Analytics of the traffic. Especially neat is the behavior flow graph:
Understandably, most people start at Part 1 and drop off there - only 12% make it to part 2. Still, hundreds if not more than a thousand people have made it all the way through the whole thing - exciting! It is a fairly long read at ~15000 words, so it’s good to see a fair deal of people enjoy these sorts of mini-treatises.
Who knows if I’ll ever write something so ambitious, or so widely read, again. Either way, I expect to keep on writing, and I’ll always have famous.png.


This problem is taken from interactivepython.org site and it is about Dynamic Programming.
Click the link for full description:
http://interactivepython.org
Find below a screenshot of the text (Nº14):
Our task is to find the optimal combination of items that maximizes the total profit, under the constraint of the maximum bearable weight. The problem asks to be solved with a bearable weight of 20. Honestly a dynamic programming code is not necessary under this specific constraint.
- We have only five items
- It's easy to find the item with the highest value/weight ratio (item 3), and 20 modulo 4 is zero, so it is obvious that to maximize the profit we must take the item 3 for 5 times (20/4). And we will obtain a total profit of 40.
For two reasons:
But what happens instead if we have 10 items and our weight constraint is for example 38 as you can see below ?
The problem in this scenario is much harder to solve and we need to elaborate a more complicated algorithm: a Dynamic Programming Algorithm.
In order to do this we have to write two different functions:
The first function will find the maximum profit obtainable.
The second function will print the selection of items inside our knapsack that give the maximum profit.
The first part is below:
As you can notice the function createTab draws the dictionary object written in line 1 in a clear table (as shown above).
The function buttonUpDynamic is the function created to calculate the maximum profit obtainable.
When you develop a dynamic programming algorithm you can choose a top-down method or a bottom-up method.
We have chosen a bottom-up method. You can delve into the matter in chapter 15 of the book:
"Introduction to Algorithms" by Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein.
The list created in line 18 will be necessary to build the next function of our code.
The output of this first part is:
In line 32 we decided to print only the maximum profit of our weight constraint (38). But if you delete that line, the code will print the maximum obtainable profit for each bearable weight until 38.
So now we know that 56 is the maximum profit we can obtain from our selection under the weight constraint of 38.
We still don't know how our selection is composed, therefore we must build the second fundamental function of our code:
And the final output of our Dynamic Programming Algorithm is:
P.S.: this is not an easy code. In order to understand all the steps I suggest to manually transcribe lines 20-25 and lines 39-51 by using paper and pen in order to keep track of how the code works.
You can find the entire script here: Github


FAITHFUL A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1996 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 7.0 Alternative Scale: *** out of ****
United States, 1996 U.S. Release Date: 4/3/96 (wide) Running Length: 1:31 MPAA Classification: R (Profanity, sexual situations, violence) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Cher, Chazz Palminteri, Ryan O'Neal Director: Paul Mazursky Producers: Jane Rosenthal and Robert De Niro Screenplay: Chazz Palminteri based on his play Cinematography: Fred Murphy Music: Phillip Johnston U.S. Distributor: New Line Cinema/Savoy Pictures
"Faithful is when you've got more to lose than to gain." - Chazz Palminteri, FAITHFUL
Despite what the advertisements imply, FAITHFUL is less of a black comedy than a disquieting drama laced with wit. Adapted by Chazz Palminteri from his off-Broadway play, the film, as directed by Paul Mazursky (DOWN AND OUT IN BEVERLY HILLS), unfolds like a three-act theatrical piece: lots of dialogue and not much action. Only three actors have significant roles, and there are a limited number of sets.
Cher plays Maggie, an unhappy housewife who, on the twentieth anniversary of her marriage to an unfaithful husband, Jack (Ryan O'Neal), decides to kill herself. But, before she can down the bottle of pills, she receives a visitor. Tony (Chazz Palminteri), a trash- talking, borderline-manic mafia hit man ostensibly hired by Jack, breaks into her palatial home, ties her up, then tells her he's going to murder her. Unfortunately, he has to wait for Jack's go-ahead signal, and, to pass the time, he and Maggie converse about everything from the CLERKS- like question of what really constitutes sex to why couples stay together when a marriage is dead.
At one point, Tony confesses that he has "problems like everyone else." In fact, however, his trauma runs much deeper than the average person's. Both he and Maggie are in therapy (in fact, Tony calls his shrink from the scene of the hit), and Jack should probably join them. These are three very disturbed individuals, none of whom is satisfied with the status quo. Maggie sees her marriage, and, by extension, her life, as a failure. Tony is saddled by guilt at the part he played in his beloved sister's death. And Jack is looking for a way to pacify his young, impatient girlfriend. For over an hour, FAITHFUL allows this trio of characters to work through their problems. They argue, shout, plead, cajole, and, at long last, understand and accept.
The script attempts to incorporate a mystery element into the drama: who actually hired Tony? Was it really Jack, or did Maggie, lacking the courage to end her own life, put out a contract on herself? (Remember BULLETPROOF HEART, where Mimi Rogers paid Anthony LaPaglia to eliminate her?) Was it a third party, perhaps Jack's girlfriend? Or does Tony have the wrong address? Answering that question, however, is far less compelling than watching these characters confront their inner demons by railing against each other.
Cher, who hasn't done much since 1990's MERMAIDS, is effectively subdued as Maggie. She's as believable when her character is in the depths of despair as when she decides that she doesn't want to die, after all. Chazz Palminteri, who has done some very good (A BRONX TALE) and very bad (JADE) work in the past, is in top form here. He doesn't have the most screen time, but he gets all the best lines. Ryan O'Neal is adequate as the philandering husband, although FAITHFUL demands less from him than from the other two.
At times, FAITHFUL is amusing, although most of the humor is of the gallows variety (such as Tony's objection to Maggie's having a last cigarette because of the danger to him from secondary smoke). More importantly, the unique perspectives created by the unusual situation allow the film to offer insight into the issues of fidelity, love, and marriage. FAITHFUL has a tendency to be too talky, and each of the last two acts runs on a little too long, but this isn't an unreasonable price to pay for a movie that poses several thought-provoking questions. And, although Palminteri doesn't write with the verve of David Mamet, he employs enough crisp dialogue in the service of an interesting premise to keep the audience involved for most of the ninety-minute running length.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>web: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Code from Github
Basic Usage
We can also use material color for border:
<hr class="indigo-border border-lighten-2" />


WELCOME FOLKS
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We are FRC Team Evolution 2626, proudly representing the Séminaire de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. Every year, we participate in the famous FIRST Robotics Competition. Since our humble beginnings in 2008, we have evolved into a cooperative of dreamers and achievers. On this website, you will find information on our team, on the FIRST program and resources for other FRC teams.
Our mission is to inspire young people to be science and technology leaders, by engaging them in exciting mentor-based programs that build science, engineering and technology skills, that inspire innovation, and that foster well-rounded life capabilities including self-confidence, communication, and leadership.


Flat on the way home but luckily right next to bus stop. 🚲💨😡🚌 9/30/2014, 6:16:51 PM Favs: 0 Retweets: 0 link


Ian McMillan's panel show appearances
Ian McMillan (born 1956-01-21[ref]) has appeared in 9 episodes between 2004-2015. Ian McMillan on IMDB. Ian McMillan on Wikipedia.
- 2015-05-11 / Dilemma
- 2010-12-13 / Just A Minute
- 2010-11-29 / Just A Minute
- 2008-09-22 / Just A Minute
- 2008-08-11 / Just A Minute
- 2008-06-11 / What The Dickens?
- 2008-06-06 / Have I Got News For You
- 2005-11-11 / Have I Got News For You
- 2004-12-10 / Have I Got News For You


The goal of this thesis is to develop an online flight navigation planning application (similar to NAV98) using Java EE 6 technologies and JBoss open-source projects.
Based on the user input (the route, weather conditions and technical details of the plane) the application calculates for each part of the route the most suitable flight direction, assumed fuel consumption, duration and length.
Student is supposed to learn basic Java EE 6 technologies (e.g. Java Security, RESTful Web Services, Java Persistence API, Enterprise Java Beans, Servlets). The application will be deployed on OpenShift to be publicly accessible.


--- layout: post title: Finally Met Up With Brent After Two Years date: 2009-11-07 06:08:34.000000000 -08:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: {} author: ---
Sent via iPidgeon


Feedzai was founded by data scientists and aerospace engineers with one powerful mission: Make commerce safe for business customers and create a better experience for their consumers through artificially intelligent machine learning. The mightiest companies in the world use Feedzai’s anti-fraud technology to keep commerce moving safely.
Many years back, our team journey began in university research and at the European Space Agency, Visa, PayPal, Amazon, Ayasdi and Experian. Right now, we’re propelling all that DNA forward and towards building a big platform to speed the business of risk management into the future. Everyday, we’re re-imagining financial technology and making it better for everyone. Transparency, speed and efficiency—these are the expectations for the new generation of buyers, sellers and anyone looking to connect over commerce. Join us as we create the leading machine-learning platform for keeping commerce safe. It’s going to be an exciting journey.


welcome
Media server
media
▸ access all media content
requests
▸ don't see a certian TV Show or movie?
Control panel
▸ administrative tools


Among the financial markets a basic goal is to communicate easily and fast the state of the financial stocks that belong to a bourse, this is given by the volatile nature of trading and the large amounts of money involved.
Nowadays, professional traders and investors have specialized and powerful software to analyze the market, however, beginners in the world of finances go through enormous barriers to understand the market. The purpose of this tool is to support the learning process of new investors in the colombian stock exchange (BVC), and motivate people with limited knowledge in the finance world to make the first move in the market.
Starting date:
Final date:


|
Groovy Documentation | |||||||
| FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | PROPERTY | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | PROPERTY | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object src.groovy.org.codehaus.groovy.grails.plugins.orm.auditable.AuditLogListener
class AuditLogListener
| Property Summary | |
|---|---|
static java.lang.Long |
TRUNCATE_LENGTH
|
groovy.lang.Closure |
actorClosure
|
java.lang.String |
actorKey
|
static Log |
log
|
def |
saveAuditLog
Performs special logging and save actions for AuditLogEvent class. |
java.lang.String |
sessionAttribute
|
SessionFactory |
sessionFactory
|
java.lang.Long |
truncateLength
|
boolean |
verbose
The verbose flag flips on and off column by column change logging in insert and delete events. |
| Constructor Summary | |
AuditLogListener()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
java.lang.Object[]
|
addListener(java.lang.Object[] array)
|
boolean
|
callHandlersOnly(def entity)
we allow user's to specify static auditable = [handlersOnly:true] if they don't want us to log events for them and instead have their own plan. |
def
|
executeHandler(def event, def handler, def oldState, def newState)
This calls the handlers based on what was passed in to it. |
java.lang.String
|
getActor()
|
def
|
getEntityId(def event)
|
SessionFactory
|
getSessionFactory()
|
def
|
getUri()
|
java.util.List
|
ignoreList(def entity)
The default ignore field list is: ['version','lastUpdated'] if you want to provide your own ignore list do so by specifying the ignore list like so: static auditable = [ignore:['version','lastUpdated','myField']] ... if instead you really want to trigger on version and lastUpdated changes you may specify an empty ignore list ... like so ... |
void
|
init()
|
void
|
initialize(Configuration config)
Hibernate only saves changes when there are changes. |
def
|
isAuditableEntity(def event)
|
def
|
logChanges(def newMap, def oldMap, def parentObject, def persistedObjectId, def eventName, def className)
Leans heavily on the "toString()" of a property ... this feels crufty... should be tighter... |
private def
|
makeMap(java.lang.String[] names, java.lang.Object[] state)
|
private void
|
onChange(PostUpdateEvent event)
only if this is an auditable entity |
void
|
onPostInsert(PostInsertEvent event)
I'm using the post insert event here instead of the pre-insert event so that I can log the id of the new entity after it is saved. |
void
|
onPostUpdate(PostUpdateEvent event)
Now we get fancy. |
boolean
|
onPreDelete(PreDeleteEvent event)
We must use the preDelete event if we want to capture what the old object was like. |
void
|
registerSelf()
|
void
|
setActorClosure(groovy.lang.Closure closure)
|
void
|
setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory)
|
void
|
setVerbose(boolean verbose)
if verbose is set to 'true' then you get a log event on each individually changed column/field sent to the database with a record of the old value and the new value. |
private boolean
|
significantChange(def entity, def oldMap, def newMap)
Prevent infinate loops of change logging by trapping non-significant changes. |
java.lang.String
|
truncate(def obj)
|
java.lang.String
|
truncate(def obj, int max)
|
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object | |
|---|---|
| wait, wait, wait, equals, toString, hashCode, getClass, notify, notifyAll |
| Property Detail |
|---|
public static java.lang.Long TRUNCATE_LENGTH
groovy.lang.Closure actorClosure
java.lang.String actorKey
public static final Log log
def saveAuditLog
java.lang.String sessionAttribute
SessionFactory sessionFactory
java.lang.Long truncateLength
boolean verbose
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
AuditLogListener()
| Method Detail |
|---|
java.lang.Object[] addListener(java.lang.Object[] array)
boolean callHandlersOnly(def entity)
public def executeHandler(def event, def handler, def oldState, def newState)
java.lang.String getActor()
public def getEntityId(def event)
SessionFactory getSessionFactory()
public def getUri()
java.util.List ignoreList(def entity)
void init()
public void initialize(Configuration config)
public def isAuditableEntity(def event)
public def logChanges(def newMap, def oldMap, def parentObject, def persistedObjectId, def eventName, def className)
private def makeMap(java.lang.String[] names, java.lang.Object[] state)
private void onChange(PostUpdateEvent event)
public void onPostInsert(PostInsertEvent event)
public void onPostUpdate(PostUpdateEvent event)
public boolean onPreDelete(PreDeleteEvent event)
void registerSelf()
void setActorClosure(groovy.lang.Closure closure)
void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory)
void setVerbose(boolean verbose)
private boolean significantChange(def entity, def oldMap, def newMap)
java.lang.String truncate(def obj)
java.lang.String truncate(def obj, int max)
Groovy Documentation


We’ve been using an example dataset with fatal motor vehicle accidents. I downloaded the raw data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), and the original download was a large zipped file, with separate files for variables about the accident, the people involved, etc.
In this short booklet, I won’t be able to teach you all the tools you can use to tidy a dataset in R, but I can quickly walk you through an example to show you how powerful these tools can be, and how clean and efficient the final code is. R’s power for data analytics comes in part from these wonderful tools for working with data, and in a typical data analysis project, I’ll use these tools extensive to create different summaries and views of the data as I work. You will definitely want to learn these tools if you’re serious about using R, so I’ve provided several places to go to master them in the “Learn more” section.
For the rest of the section, we’ll look at cleaning up data from the Federal Accident Reporting System, the source of the example data we’ve used in other sections. If you completed the set-up in the “Prerequisites”, you should be able to load this data using:
library("readr")
fl_accidents <- read_csv("data/accident.csv")
As a reminder, to print out some information about this data, call the object’s name:
fl_accidents
## # A tibble: 34,247 x 52
## STATE ST_CASE VE_TOTAL VE_FORMS PVH_INVL PEDS PERNOTMVIT PERMVIT
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 10001 1 1 0 0 0 1
## 2 1 10002 1 1 0 0 0 1
## 3 1 10003 3 3 0 0 0 3
## 4 1 10004 1 1 0 0 0 1
## 5 1 10005 1 1 0 0 0 2
## 6 1 10006 2 2 0 0 0 4
## 7 1 10007 2 2 0 0 0 2
## 8 1 10008 1 1 0 0 0 1
## 9 1 10009 1 1 0 0 0 1
## 10 1 10010 1 1 0 1 1 1
## # … with 34,237 more rows, and 44 more variables: PERSONS <dbl>,
## # COUNTY <dbl>, CITY <dbl>, DAY <dbl>, MONTH <dbl>, YEAR <dbl>,
## # DAY_WEEK <dbl>, HOUR <dbl>, MINUTE <dbl>, NHS <dbl>, RUR_URB <dbl>,
## # FUNC_SYS <dbl>, RD_OWNER <dbl>, ROUTE <dbl>, TWAY_ID <chr>,
## # TWAY_ID2 <chr>, MILEPT <dbl>, LATITUDE <dbl>, LONGITUD <dbl>,
## # SP_JUR <dbl>, HARM_EV <dbl>, MAN_COLL <dbl>, RELJCT1 <dbl>,
## # RELJCT2 <dbl>, TYP_INT <dbl>, WRK_ZONE <dbl>, REL_ROAD <dbl>,
## # LGT_COND <dbl>, WEATHER1 <dbl>, WEATHER2 <dbl>, WEATHER <dbl>,
## # SCH_BUS <dbl>, RAIL <chr>, NOT_HOUR <dbl>, NOT_MIN <dbl>,
## # ARR_HOUR <dbl>, ARR_MIN <dbl>, HOSP_HR <dbl>, HOSP_MN <dbl>,
## # CF1 <dbl>, CF2 <dbl>, CF3 <dbl>, FATALS <dbl>, DRUNK_DR <dbl>
This is a large dataset, with over 50 columns and over 34,000 rows. It records details about all of the fatal motor vehicle accidents in the US in 2017 (at least, that were reported to this database). Currently it inclues all states, although we’re planning to limit it to Florida. In this section, you’ll work through cleaning up this data, as you might if you were starting from this raw data and needed to create summaries and plots similar to those in other sections of this booklet.
The following piece of code is all the code you need to transform this dataset into the
fl_accidents
dataset we’ve used in earlier examples.
library(magrittr)
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
library(stringr)
library(lubridate)
fl_accidents %>%
rename_all(.funs = str_to_lower) %>%
select(state, county, day, month, year, latitude, longitud, fatals) %>%
filter(state == 12) %>%
mutate(county = str_pad(county, width = 3, pad = "0")) %>%
unite(col = fips, c(state, county), sep = "") %>%
unite(col = date, c(month, day, year), sep = "-") %>%
mutate(date = mdy(date)) %>%
filter(date >= mdy("9-7-2017") & date <= mdy("9-13-2017"))
## # A tibble: 37 x 5
## fips date latitude longitud fatals
## <chr> <date> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 12031 2017-09-08 30.2 -81.5 1
## 2 12095 2017-09-07 28.5 -81.4 1
## 3 12097 2017-09-08 28.3 -81.3 1
## 4 12095 2017-09-07 28.6 -81.2 1
## 5 12031 2017-09-08 30.2 -81.8 1
## 6 12033 2017-09-07 30.6 -87.4 2
## 7 12023 2017-09-10 30.1 -82.7 1
## 8 12075 2017-09-08 29.6 -82.9 1
## 9 12045 2017-09-09 30.1 -85.3 2
## 10 12031 2017-09-12 30.4 -81.8 1
## # … with 27 more rows
This function takes the large
original dataset. It first renames all the columns—they were in all capital letters,
which are a pain to type in your code, so we’re using a function from the stringr
package
to change them all to lowercase. We’re then selecting just the columns we want to work with
for the plot, using their column names to pick them (state
, county
, etc.). We’re then
filtering to just the observations in Florida (where the state FIPS code is 12).
Counties have five digit FIPS codes that are useful to use when merging different datasets,
including merging in geographic data, and the dataset at this stage has the state part of the
FIPS code and the county part in different columns. The county part is currently in a numeric
class, which I need to “pad” with 0s at the beginning if it’s currently fewer than three digits.
We’ll mutate the county FIPs code to pad it with 0s, using another function from the
stringr
package. We’ll then unite the state and county FIPS columns to create a single
column with the 5-digit FIPS code. Next, we want to convert the date information into
a “Date” class, which will let us work with these values more easily. We’ll unite
all the columns with date information (month
, day
, year
) into a single column, and
then we’ll use a function from the lubridate
package to mutate this column to have
a date class. Finally, we’ll filter to just the observations with a date within a week of
Hurricane Irma’s landfall on September 10, 2017.
At this stage, don’t worry if you don’t know which functions you should use to clean up a new dataset, just try to get a feel for how this tidyverse framework is allowing you to clean up the dataframe with lots of small, interoperable tools. In the example code, try highlighting and running different portions of the code and check out the output at each step along the way. This will help you get a better idea for how this process works.
Becoming familiar with these tools so you can use them yourself takes some time, but is well work the effort. In the “Learn more” section, I’ve got some tips on where you can go to develop those skills.
Finally, the code above is cleaning the data, but not overwriting the original fl_accidents
object—instead, it’s printing out the result, but not saving it for you to use later. To
use the cleaned data, you’ll need to overwrite the original R object. You can do that in
two ways. First, you can use the gets arrow to assign the output to the same R object name:
fl_accidents <- fl_accidents %>%
rename_all(.funs = str_to_lower) %>%
select(state, county, day, month, year, latitude, longitud, fatals) %>%
filter(state == 12) %>%
mutate(county = str_pad(county, width = 3, pad = "0")) %>%
unite(col = fips, c(state, county), sep = "") %>%
unite(col = date, c(month, day, year), sep = "-") %>%
mutate(date = mdy(date)) %>%
filter(date >= mdy("9-7-2017") & date <= mdy("9-13-2017"))
If you want to be even more compact, you can use something called the compound pipe operator
(%<>%
). This inputs an R object and then, when it’s done running all the code, overwrites that
R object with the output. You can think of it as combining the <-
and %>%
operators. Here’s
how you would use it to save the cleaned version of the data to the fl_accidents
object name:
fl_accidents %<>%
rename_all(.funs = str_to_lower) %>%
select(state, county, day, month, year, latitude, longitud, fatals) %>%
filter(state == 12) %>%
mutate(county = str_pad(county, width = 3, pad = "0")) %>%
unite(col = fips, c(state, county), sep = "") %>%
unite(col = date, c(month, day, year), sep = "-") %>%
mutate(date = mdy(date)) %>%
filter(date >= mdy("9-7-2017") & date <= mdy("9-13-2017"))


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