Detailed course offerings (Time Schedule) are available for
KYRGYZ 101 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. First in a sequence of three.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 101
KYRGYZ 102 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. Second in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 101.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 102
KYRGYZ 103 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. Third in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 102.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 103
KYRGYZ 105 Intensive Elementary Kyrgyz (15)
Intensive study of grammar with oral and written drill of selected texts.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 105
KYRGYZ 201 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5) VLPA
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. First in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 103.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 201
KYRGYZ 202 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5) VLPA
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. Second in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 201.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 202
KYRGYZ 203 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5) VLPA
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. Third in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 202.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 203
KYRGYZ 490 Supervised Study (1-6, max. 18)
Special work in literary texts for graduates and undergraduates. Prerequisite: either KYRGYZ 105 or TKIC 403.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 490
KYRGYZ 496 Special Studies in Krygyz (3-5, max. 15) VLPA
Topics vary.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 496
KYRGYZ 499 Undergraduate Research (3-5, max. 15)
For Turkic language and literature majors.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 499
KYRGYZ 511 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. First in a sequence of three.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 511
KYRGYZ 512 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. Second in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 511.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 512
KYRGYZ 513 Elementary Kyrgyz (5)
Emphasizes the four basic language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Kyrgyz. Focuses on exchanging real-life information in the context of the native-speaking environment and understanding Kyrgyz language through the cultural contexts. Third in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 512.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 513
KYRGYZ 521 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5)
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. First in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 513.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 521
KYRGYZ 522 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5)
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. Second in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 521.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 522
KYRGYZ 523 Intermediate Kyrgyz (5)
Designed to strengthen and develop further skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing and to deepen an understanding of the cultural context of Kyrgyz. Emphasis on the expansion and refinement of linguistic and communicative skills learned in elementary Kyrgyz. Third in a sequence of three. Prerequisite: KYRGYZ 523.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 523
KYRGYZ 596 Special Studies in Kyrgyz (3-5, max. 15)
Topics vary.
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 596
KYRGYZ 600 Independent Study or Research (*-)
View course details in MyPlan: KYRGYZ 600


28 DAYS A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2000 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
In the comedic drama 28 DAYS, Sandra Bullock, as Gwen Cummings, has been sentenced by a judge to spend the next 28 days in rehab. After stealing the limo at her sister's wedding and crashing it into a house, the judge said it was rehab or jail.
Director Betty Thomas (PRIVATE PARTS) and writer Susannah Grant (ERIN BROCKOVICH) have more affinity for the comedic part of the story, but it is the tragic that is the most effective. The comedic, which only works in fits and spurts, serves more often as a detriment to the movie than an attribute.
Another problem with the picture is that we've seen it before and better. Michael Keaton in CLEAN AND SOBER was funnier and more chillingly convincing. And the frighteningly effective performance by Meg Ryan in WHEN A MAN LOVES A WOMAN put both movies shame.
We get a brief glimpse at the movie's start of how much fun Gwen has when wasted. Soon after that we witness her stampede through her sister's wedding like a drunken bull on a rampage. "Gwen, you make it impossible to love you," her sister, Lilly (Elizabeth Perkins), tells her in disgust at the wedding.
In flashbacks we learn that the two sisters had an alcoholic mother, with a demeanor much like Gwen's, whom they would shake violently to wake up when she passed out drunk. This conflict between the sisters is the most promising and most underdeveloped part of the storyline. Their relationship cries out to us. We want to know more, especially why Lilly turned out so apparently normal while Gwen is going down the same destructive path that their mother followed.
In an inspired bit of casting against type, Steve Buscemi plays Gwen's counselor. She blows off his guidance to her ("Remember God never gives us more than we can handle.") with a tart reply ("Is that available stitched on a pillow somewhere?"). His effect on her life appears as if it will be significant, but the movie only gives us a few cheap laughs before moving on.
Although interrupted periodically by genuine tragedy (puking in the toilet from drug withdrawal, attempted suicides, ugly relapses, etc.), the movie spends most of its time and energy in search of laughs. Alan Tudyk, for example, plays a gay German stripper with a funny accent. Most of the comedy troop seem lifted from some lame television sitcom.
Viggo Mortensen plays a cocaine-sniffing major league pitcher who isn't sure that he'll ever play again. His addiction for the soap opera "Santa Cruz" is shared by others in rehab. He is also addicted to women, which gets him in trouble with husbands. Needless to say, he forms an attachment of sorts to Gwen, much to the consternation of her boyfriend, Jasper (Dominic West). Jasper, representing the temptations of the devil, shows up at the clinic periodically to tempt and test Gwen with offers of drugs and freedom.
Sometimes the movie successfully blends the comedic with the tragic. "Statistically, only 3 out of 10 make it, so it makes it better for us if he doesn't make it" one of the addicts says as another leaves to venture out into the cold world outside the clinic.
When is the scariest and most important time for someone trying to kick the habit? After they leave rehab. After choosing to show that time for Gwen, the filmmakers made it seem way too easy for her. All she needs to do is "just say no." As simple as that.
28 DAYS runs 1:43. It is rated PG-13 for mature thematic elements involving substance abuse, language and some sensuality and would be acceptable for teenagers.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends "common/base.html" %} {% block title %} EASYTRANSFER {% endblock %} {% block main %}
You will save at least 90% compared to transfers using banks. What in the world happened? The only thing you have to do is to visit Korean bank to request transfer your money to easyTransfer system as usually. We will find someone out there in China who also wanted to send money to Korea. EasyTransfer would match that Chinese guy with you. Our system helps you to send your money directly to the Chinese guy without crossing the border, and the Chinese guy money to your bank account
Your performed transaction on the online is federally insured. Your key information about the credit is neither saved in our server or other counterparts. Your transaction partner had a key to match with each other. The transaction matched only the two key has been matched. Otherwise no money has been transferred. Protect. The system is insured by Yonsei University information protect lab and Korea University Computer Security lab. The top online protect system is defending our system. .
It will only take 2days maximum to send your money to your. It is much faster than bank transfer system. Right now if you want to transfer the money to China in Korea, you visit bank to request transfer the money. Then do you know where the money goes? The money was then passed on to a transmission bank like JP Morgan, Citi bank. It does not directly go in to the designated local bank. After passed through transmission bank, the money then reached a Chinese bank. We just matched the requests. So money is no more to be crossed the borders. That means we don’t need the banks anymore for overseas transfer!
  Through on the laptops, apps you can experience our transferring system. You could do your job without worrying commission for 2 days, the system will have done the job. You can focus on what you are doing as usually.


The awkwardly named structRDFaL theme is a Jekyll theme primarily
concerned with structured data
(apply your own style!).
SEO is actually a
secondary concern.
The structured data
format I chose is RDFa Lite for its human readability
and minimal repetition and coding requirements, unlike
JSON-LD which essentially
duplicates your page in the separated markup
(not DRY at
all) or microdata where there
are so many more full URLs in itemtype
s and
the like.
While not a "true" standard, Schema.org is a de facto standard due to its pervasiveness and that it was created by agreement between the major search engines. Hewing closer to the ideal of the semantic web, however, I have also included Dublin Core markup.
Speaking of standards and best practices, HTML5 Boilerplate was used as the initial basis. Within the context of the theme, however, almost everything is optional. Defaults are inferred where they make sense and small complications are handled for you. Bigger and more complicated things like the pricing structure for Events and internal Dublin Core markup are (at least in the first pass) left to you.
More Schemas, in particular I have implemented the HowTo set for a different site I'm working on. Also Review, Book, CollectionPage (ImageGallery).
Implement breadcrumbs
Responsiveness is clearly missing. Sorry I did not design for mobile first.
Late to the party, I am just learning SASS now (I was waiting to see which CSS preprocessor would win! (๑´ㅂ`๑ )), but I can see where it would make certain things easier and more flexible.


Nonprofit plans 50-bed homeless shelter in Scranton
SCRANTON, Pa. (AP) - A Pennsylvania nonprofit is proposing to open a 50-bed homeless shelter in Scranton.
The Keystone Mission is seeking the city's permission to open an overnight shelter with a day center and support services. The zoning board will hear the matter on Wednesday.
The group currently operates a day facility that provides hot meals, clothing, diapers and other essentials. It's one of the few facilities that serves the city's homeless population. The new shelter would not only offer overnight lodging but job training and other services meant to get people into permanent homes.
"We want to build a transformation center," the mission's CEO, Justin Behrens, told The Times-Tribune of Scranton.
Residents have described the group's current facility as a nuisance, saying they have found syringes, feces and garbage in the neighborhood. Mission officials have said they can only control guests on mission property.
If the board approves the overnight shelter, the mission said it would keep its current building and use it as a food and clothing distribution center for low-income residents, Behrens said.
"It would not be a place for the homeless to come to," he said.
Copyright 2019 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


| Metric | Tag | Overall | Per Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lines of Code | LOC | 138 | ****** |
| McCabe's Cyclomatic Number | MVG | 27 | ****** |
| Lines of Comment | COM | 37 | ******** |
| LOC/COM | L_C | 3.730 | |
| MVG/COM | M_C | 0.730 | |
| Weighted Methods per Class ( weighting = unity ) | WMC1 | 11 | |
| Weighted Methods per Class ( weighting = visible ) | WMCv | 0 | |
| Depth of Inheritance Tree | DIT | 0 | |
| Number of Children | NOC | 1 | |
| Coupling between objects | CBO | 4 | |
| Information Flow measure ( inclusive ) | IF4 | 9 | ******** |
| Information Flow measure ( visible ) | IF4v | 9 | ******** |
| Information Flow measure ( concrete ) | IF4c | 9 | ******** |
| Description | LOC | MVG | COM | L_C | M_C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No module extents have been identified for this module | |||||
| Function prototype | LOC | MVG | COM | L_C | M_C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thread( bool ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:648 | 9 | 0 | 4 | ------ | ------ |
| _threadLoop( void * ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:716 | 35 | 8 | 19 | 1.842 | 0.421 |
| exitPending( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:852 | 5 | 1 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| getTid( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:836 | 13 | 2 | 1 | ------ | ------ |
| isRunning( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:830 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| join( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:811 | 15 | 4 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| readyToRun( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:664 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| requestExit( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:781 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| requestExitAndWait( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:787 | 17 | 4 | 2 | ------ | ------ |
| run( const char *, int32_t, size_t ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:669 | 28 | 6 | 11 | 2.545 | 0.545 |
| ~Thread( ) definition ./utils/Threads.cpp:660 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ------ | ------ |
| Clients | Suppliers |
|---|---|
|
PoolThread [CV] inheritance ./binder/ProcessState.cpp:51 |
bool [CV] pass by value ./utils/Threads.cpp:648 int32_t [CV] pass by value ./utils/Threads.cpp:669 size_t [CV] pass by value ./utils/Threads.cpp:669 |


I would like to start my programming career with a job in web development. The opportunity to work remotely is very attractive with my current lifestyle and would give me some extra time to work on my current relationships with friends/family etc. Long time, I would like to find my way into A.I development if the life leads me that way.
More self-confidence in social situations, especially in groups. I often find myself trying to overcompensate by making bad jokes or not reading the atmosphere properly because I lack some confidence in being who I am. I know EDA will give me lots of opportunity to work with my fellow cohorters and give me the support I need to overcome this weakness.
One of my strengths is that I am willing to cooperate quite quickly and get stuck into the work without much prompting. I don’t like wasting time when there is work to be done (but I love taking a break as much as the next person!). A limitation that I often find myself getting into is that I am not confident in my work when others will be involved. I will often question “is this good enough? Could this be better? How could it be better?” and I’d get too nervous to share.
Time management is an important factor that I consider when committing myself to work. However, I don’t confuse this will the common standards of “I will code x amount of time a day” because I truly believe in working smart not hard. When there is work that needs to be completed, I will set myself a timeframe of getting it day by a specific day. This helps frame the workload that I have and how smart I can work to fit it in comfortably. I think it will come in handy when working with others so that we can manage deadlines together and not have to pressure each other as much.
I’m coming into EDA as a beginner in a lot of code and I know that others in the cohort have more experience and knowledge than I do. As I described above, I like to set a timeframe around my workload so I don’t need to feel as pressured for a deadline and so I will try my best to work a problem out but if I know that I am stuck and it is pushing the timeframe then I will ask for help right away.


Moses Jung
Programmer/Developer
What is Version Control?
June 14, 2015
    Version control is beneficial in many ways. It is basically a system restore/time machine for your work that also keeps track of what you change and when you changed it. It is useful for just about anything for anybody.
    Git helps keep track of changes with commits which are like 'save points' of your work. It will save any changes made. You can look through any of your commits at any time and see all the changes you've made step by step.
    Github is literally a hub for Git repositories. Not only that, but you can use Github to visit and compare changes with other user accounts. You can use Github for as many changes as you want. Github will save all your commit changes and you can navigate through them easily.


|
Intel(R) Threading Building Blocks Doxygen Documentation
version 4.2.3
|
An abstract cache of successors. More...
#include <flow_graph.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| successor_cache () | |
| void | set_owner (owner_type *owner) |
| virtual | ~successor_cache () |
| void | register_successor (successor_type &r) |
| void | remove_successor (successor_type &r) |
| bool | empty () |
| void | clear () |
Protected Types | |
| typedef M | mutex_type |
| typedef untyped_receiver | successor_type |
| typedef untyped_receiver * | pointer_type |
| typedef untyped_sender | owner_type |
| typedef std::list< pointer_type > | successors_type |
Protected Attributes | |
| mutex_type | my_mutex |
| successors_type | my_successors |
| owner_type * | my_owner |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Private Member Functions inherited from tbb::internal::no_copy | |
| no_copy () | |
| Allow default construction. More... | |
An abstract cache of successors.
Definition at line 107 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 281 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 287 of file flow_graph.h.
|
protected |
Definition at line 286 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 285 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 293 of file flow_graph.h.
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inline |
Definition at line 329 of file flow_graph.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Definition at line 333 of file flow_graph.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 356 of file flow_graph.h.
Referenced by tbb::flow::interface10::internal::key_from_message_body< K &, T >::operator()(), tbb::flow::interface10::buffer_node< T, A >::reset_node(), tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::reset_node(), and tbb::flow::interface10a::overwrite_node< T >::reset_node().
|
inline |
Definition at line 351 of file flow_graph.h.
Referenced by tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::check_conditions(), tbb::flow::interface10::internal::key_from_message_body< K &, T >::operator()(), tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::register_predecessor(), and tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::register_successor().
|
inline |
Definition at line 335 of file flow_graph.h.
Referenced by tbb::flow::interface10::broadcast_node< T >::register_successor(), tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::register_successor(), tbb::flow::interface10a::overwrite_node< T >::register_successor(), and tbb::flow::interface10::internal::unfolded_join_node< 5, key_matching_port, OutputTuple, key_matching< K, KHash > >::unfolded_join_node().
|
inline |
Definition at line 340 of file flow_graph.h.
Referenced by tbb::flow::interface10::broadcast_node< T >::remove_successor(), tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::remove_successor(), and tbb::flow::interface10a::overwrite_node< T >::remove_successor().
|
inline |
Definition at line 331 of file flow_graph.h.
Referenced by tbb::flow::interface10::broadcast_node< T >::broadcast_node(), tbb::flow::interface10::buffer_node< T, A >::buffer_node(), tbb::flow::interface10::limiter_node< T >::limiter_node(), tbb::flow::interface10a::overwrite_node< T >::overwrite_node(), and tbb::flow::interface10::internal::join_node_base< JP, InputTuple, OutputTuple >::try_get().
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protected |
Definition at line 282 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 299 of file flow_graph.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 297 of file flow_graph.h.


The following MIME types are usable at one point or another when interacting with Quaestor:
application/rdf+xml
application/sparql-query
text/turtle
text/turtle
is being requested; Turtle has also been served
with the MIME type application/x-turtle
.application/xml
application/sparql-query
should generally be preferred, as being more specific.text/csv
(SELECT query responses only)Content-Type
of the response is
text/csv;header=present
, indicating that the first line
of the response consists of 'column headings', consisting of the
substitution variables in the input query. These are not guaranteed
to be in the same order as they were listed in the input query.text/plain
This MIME type means various different things in different contexts.
Annotating a SPARQL response, this indicates that the content is in a human-readable format, intended to look roughly like the usual result of a SQL query. It is not intended to be machine-parseable.
The MIME type of the N-triple
format is also text/plain
; however N-triple format is
intended only for the RDF test cases, and is not expected to be useful
otherwise (that's the party line, though in fact N-triple format can
be quite useful when you need something that's trivial to parse, or
when you want, say, to check how base-URIs have been resolved).
When retrieving an ontology (using the GET
HTTP method) or uploading one (using PUT
), you can use
text/plain
to indicate N-triples (but don't tell W3C).
text/rdf+n3
application/n3
MIME type is recognised but
deprecated (see W3
discussion), since its IANA registration was never completed;
text/rdf+n3
is the preferred MIME type for Notation3.text/tab-separated-values
(SELECT query responses only)


Cont3nt.com is a real-time marketplace for breaking phot and video journalism
Our e-commerce platform enables a reporter in Libya, Syria, or Occupy Wall Street to sell their breaking news footage to the BBC or their local paper and have it published in a half-hour.
Join us in creating the first global market for the press!
Egypt a Minefield for Journalists and Reporters
Friend of Cont3nt.com, Shauna Dillavou, the founder and…
Egypt in a State of Emergency
Egyptian President Adly Mansour had declared the…


Home
Status
Icon
Background
Chat Rank
Champion and Skin Date
Club Tag
Aram
Custom Request
F.A.Q
Exit


Add Categories First
Title :
Add Category
Add Milestones To Categories
Title :
Description :
Belongs to Column :
difficulty :
rank :
released :
status:
Add Milestone
[]
[]


| DOSE: |
20 mg |
oral |
2C-I |
(powder / crystals) |
I had heard a lot of hipe about 2C-I. Never one negitive thing. Being the known queen of the psychodelic drug world in my ring of friends, this was something that I felt I had to do.
I bought (2) 20mg capsules of 2C-I at a party-- one for my fiance and one for myself. This was going to be the trip of my life... or so I had thought.
We took them the next night. While we were waiting for the pills of 2C-I to kick in, we sat watching a terrifying movie, where everyone in it had horrible trips. 2 hours since we had taken the pills and we hadn't felt a thing.. I was getting pissed.
As soon as the movie ended, I began to feel tingily all over. It was as though my body was in an everlasting orgasm. I began to go up very fast. I suddenly felt a dire urge to explore the world around me... to go outside.
Outside, everything seemed so pure, and so clear. As I walked I felt as though the grass was taller then myself, although it had just been mowed the day before. I walked to the end of my drive way, fiance at hand. We stood there for what seemed an eternity. I had never tripped this hard before. I began to become frightend that I was to become the first 2C-I related and reported death on erowid.
My fiance and I walked back to the house and sat outside on our front steps. I felt overly fidgety and couldn't be happy with any way that I would situate my body. My fiance noticed my aura of panic, and asked me how I was doing. I explained to him that I had gone up way too fast and how I was begining to freak out. He still didn't feel anything.
I looked up at the sky. Not a cloud in sight. My reflection was as clear as could be in the sky, and my fiance's as well. This couldn't be happening. I had never had one bad trip in my life.
My fiance, begining to get worried, called a very experienced friend of ours and put him on the phone to talk to me. All I could say is that I wanted more then life itself to come down, to end the trip. He told me that it was 'pretty hard-core stuff' and not to worry. I felt much better. I was no longer pleading with god (who I never had believed in before) for my life.
We went back to our room where everything was amazing. I stared at the wall, watching a wave of liquid metal envelop everything. The curtains, the ceiling, the lights, all looked as though they were a shiny polished metal. Everything was so pristine. I looked at my hand and saw the most amazing tracers ever. There was a beautifully colored rainbow with butterflies chasing the rainbow. If only it would have lasted...
Digital. That's what everything became. It was as though everything in sight had had a grid of wire placed over it and chopped it all into seperate pieces. They fell to the ground leaving me seeing only the code of the matrix itself. I realized that there really was NO spoon. I could hear metallic ping type noises (watch Cube II for a great example). I stayed in this place until I finally began to come down from my trip. I began to feel like I was on acid. My fiance and I were both very talkitive, and in great mind states for the rest of the night.
In retrospect.. I would definately do this drug again. Although quite frightening at first, there were a lot of great, detailed visuals, which I completely became a part of. The feeling of going up too fast could be compaired to taking a moderate dose of ecstacy on an empty stomach while also being dehydrated.
I would totally recommend massaging those around you who are on this drug, as well as scoring a massage for yourself. Sex, also, is absolutely ungodly wonderful. After a while my body began to ache, and these two things put me in complete heaven.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


External View #1 (sync)
External View #2 (async)
External View #3 (sync)
Video
Maps
Jack Coleman
Sounds
Brightness
Wallpaper
XX Widget
YY Widget
Use wireless networks
See location in applications (such as Maps) using wireless networks
Use GPS satellites
When locating, accurate to street level (uncheck to conserve battery)
Set unlock pattern


Equivalent to clicking the Print command on the File menu. Prints the active workbook.
Arguments correspond to options, check boxes, and edit boxes in the Print dialog box. Arguments corresponding to check boxes are logical values. If an argument is TRUE, Microsoft Excel selects the check box; if FALSE, Microsoft Excel clears the check box.
Syntax
PRINT(range_num, from, to, copies, draft, preview, print_what, color, feed, quality, y_resolution, selection)
PRINT?(range_num, from, to, copies, draft, preview, print_what, color, feed, quality, y_resolution, selection)
Range_num is a number specifying which pages to print.
| Range_num | Prints the following pages |
| 1 | All the pages |
| 2 | Prints a specified range. If range_num is 2, then from and to are required arguments. |
From specifies the first page to print. This argument is ignored unless range_num equals 2.
To specifies the last page to print. This argument is ignored unless range_num equals 2.
Copies specifies the number of copies to print. If omitted, the default is 1.
Draft This argument overrides the draft argument from the PAGE.SETUP function. If omitted, the Draft Setting from the Page.Setup function is used.
Preview is a logical value corresponding to the Print Preview button in the Print dialog box. If TRUE, the print preview window will be displayed. If FALSE, the window will not be displayed
Print_what is a number from 1 to 3 that specifies what parts of the sheet or macro sheet to print. If a chart is active, print_what is ignored. This argument will override the setting in the Page Setup dialog box. If omitted, the note argument in the Page.Setup function is used to determine whether to print notes or not.
| Print_what | Prints |
| 1 | Sheet only |
| 2 | Notes only |
| 3 | Sheet and then notes |
Color corresponds to the Print Using Color check box. Color is available only in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh. If omitted, the setting is not changed.
Feed is a number specifying the type of paper feed. Feed is available only in Microsoft Excel for the Macintosh.
| Feed | Type of paper feed |
| 1 or omitted | Continuous (paper cassette) |
| 2 | Cut sheet or manual (manual feed) |
Quality Specifies the DPI output quality you want. If omitted, the corresponding settings in the Page Setup dialog box will be used. If included, this argument overrides the quality argument in the PAGE SETUP dialog box.
Y_resolution corresponds to the Print Quality box in the Page Setup dialog box if you have specified a printer where the horizontal and vertical resolution are not equal, such as a dot-matrix printer. If omitted, the corresponding settings in the Page Setup dialog box will be used. If included, this argument overrides the print quality setting in the Page Setup dialog box.
Selection specifies what portion of the sheet to print.
| Selection | Portion printed |
| 1 | Prints the current selection from all selected sheets. For example, if A1:F40 is selected on the active sheet, A1:F40 will be printed from each of the selected sheets. |
| 2 | Prints the print area or entire sheet from all selected sheets. |
| 3 | Prints print area or entire sheet from all sheets in the workbook. |
Related Functions
PAGE.SETUP Sets page printing specifications
PRINT.PREVIEW Previews pages and page breaks before printing
PRINTER.SETUP Identifies the printer
SET.PRINT.AREA Defines the print area
SET.PRINT.TITLES Defines text to print as titles
DEFINE.NAME Equivalent to clicking the Define command on the Name submenu of the Insert menu
Return to index


**Leonhard Euler and Carl Friedrich Gauss**
**Their memorable contributions to Mathematics**
Both Euler and Gauss were prolific mathematicians that have made lasting contributions across multiple branches of Mathematics. Here, I describe two particulary important
## Euler's Identity
$e^{i\theta} = cos(\theta) + i sin(\theta)$
## The Gaussian (Normal) Distribtion


A unique value.
The Symbol type is a value that is always unique. Symbol values are generally used as an index to fields of particular types.
Symbol values defined by rbxmk are available through the sym library.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load bootstrap4 %} {% block content %}
How can something so small as font, be such a big deal for designers? A font does everything from representing the brand, to increasing legibility.
Here you can fetch information about fonts used on particular pages
{% if form %}Just log in and get back there
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


10
1 A few dead flies in a bottle of perfume cause all the perfume to stink.
Similarly, a small amount of acting foolishly can have a greater effect than acting wisely.
2 If people think sensibly, it will lead them to do what is right;
if they think foolishly, it causes them to do what is wrong.
3 Even while foolish people walk along the road,
they show that they do not have good sense.
They show everyone that they are not wise.
4 Do not quit your job when a ruler is angry with you.
If you remain calm, he will probably stop being angry.
5 There is something else that I have seen here on this earth,
something that rulers sometimes do that is wrong:
6 they appoint foolish people to have important positions,
while they appoint rich people to have unimportant positions.
7 They allow slaves to ride on horses like rich people usually do,
but they force officials to walk like slaves usually do.
8 It is possible that those who dig pits
will fall into one of those pits.
It is possible that someone who tears down a wall
will be bitten by a snake that is in that wall.
9 If you work in a quarry,
it is possible that a stone will fall on you and injure you.
It is possible that men who split logs
will be injured by one of those logs.
10 If your axe is not sharp,
you will need to work harder to cut down a tree,
but by using wisdom, you will succeed.
11 If a snake bites someone before the snake is charmed,
then that person's ability to charm snakes will not benefit him.
12 Wise people say what is sensible, and because of that, people honor them,
but foolish people are destroyed by what they themselves say.
13 When foolish people start to talk, they say foolish things,
and they end by saying things that are both wicked and foolish.
14 They talk too much.
None of us knows what will happen in the future,
or what will happen after we die.
15 Foolish people become very exhausted by the work that they do,
with the result that they are even unable to find the road to their town.
16 Terrible things will happen to the people of a nation whose ruler is a foolish young person,
whose leaders continually eat, all during the day, every day.
17 But how fortunate is a nation if its ruler comes from a noble family,
if its leaders feast only at the proper times,
and if they eat and drink only to be strong, not to become drunk.
18 Some men are very lazy and do not repair the beams of their roof,
with the result that the roof sags and collapses.
If they do not repair the roof,
water will leak into the house when it rains.
19 Eating food and drinking wine makes us laugh and be happy.
If you have enough money, you can buy everything you need.
20 Do not even think about cursing the king,
or about cursing rich people, even when you are alone in your bedroom.
It is always possible that a little bird will hear what you are saying
and tell those people what you said about them.


Apologies for the major delay in getting this posted. I had the pictures all sorted in May, but ended up not going the rest of the way, which involves a lot of editing of html.
This was a great trip! Looking back through the pictures I realized how much we enjoyed the beautiful views of the Ohlone Wilderness. This is Robert and my second and Erick's first trip from Lake Del Valle near Livermore to the Sunol park headquarters 25 miles east. The trip consists of a challening but short first day of less than 3 miles, an epic second day in 9 miles of very rugged terrain, and a long but beautiful downward hike out on the last day of around 11 miles.
Day 1: hiking to Boyd's Camp
We left the car at the Lichen Bark day use area and started the slog up the quite steep first part of the trail. It really starts out with a bang.
The "campground" on the map is not Boyd's camp but the Lake Del Valle family camp ground.
A small example of one of the hills on the way to Boyd's Camp
Robert and Erick setting up the Kelty Gunnison 3.1 at Boyd' Camp.
As usual we went for an after hike recreational hike up in the hills above Boyd's Camp.
Day 2 -- Williams Gulch, the Big Burn, and Maggies Half Acre on Rose Peak
Priority 1 -- exercise the titanium french press
Our new favorite breakfast for big days: onion or garlic bagels fried in oil
Views from the right (high) part of Williams Gulch.
Heading towards the wrong (low) part of Williams Gulch. Watching all that elevation disappear is really a sinking feeling ...
Gulch-tastic ...
The low point of Williams Gulch
You know what comes next right? The Big Burn ...
Short detour off the Burn to do some geochaching.
Entering our names in the log. We didnt find anything we wanted to trade for.
The climb gets much easier and you start to get a breeze from the ridge.
Almost up to Schlieper Rock.
We hit another geocache.
Lunch time up on the ridge
Erick with the great views in the background. Nice spot for lunch as most of the hard climbing is done ... or that is what I told the kids ...
This picture makes it look pretty high up there!
Cant have all those ups without some downs ... you can almost hear the whining coming from the next picture ...
This bit is tough. This is 4 hours into the day and we are mayube 2/3 of the way to Maggies ...
Finally at the fork to Maggies Half Acre just below the summit of Mt Rose.
A kid happy to take them boots off!
Day 3 -- a long beautiful hike out
Prioties! Titanium cup of coffee prepared with titanium french press. Them frenchies do know how to do a couple things right!
Breakfast at Maggies Half Acre
Loaded up for the last day. My pack was considerably lighter with the food mostly eaten.
We took the optional pre hike recreational hike up to the summit of Mt Rose.
Erick with lots of energy. So much energy that I convinced him to go back for the camera that I left in my pack ...
Panorama magic on the top of Mt Rose.
Back on the trail and headed for Sunol.
Weird things hanging in trees. Not sure what these are, but maybe some botanist can help me out.
This bit of trail slopes in the right direction, but you can almost hear the whining coming from a few pictures down ...
My dad would blow this up and convince you it is a red tailed hawk or a condor or a yellow bellied sap-sucker.
One more geocache, the last one on the trip.
Here is where the whining came from. Yes we have to go all the way down and then right back up. No other way to go.
On the way down ...
On the way back up ...
Still going back up ...
The reward! Back to ridge, the beautiful views, and the awesome breeze!
A couple of scenic panoramas of the hike to Sunol
More scenic hiking.
Yet more scenic hiking. You can appreciate the lovely singletrack trail winding along into the distance.
A few more panoramas ...
Almost to the Sunol backpack camp, and that is a good thing because we were quite low on water. "Quite low" is actually code for totally out and thirsty as hell.
The Sunol backpack camp.
This is like a false flat on a bike ride: almost done but you still have 2.3 miles to go.
We made a poor decision and opted for the road instead of staying on the trail, but it seemed like a good decision at the time. That gravel road was endless drudgery.
Flip flops never felt better!
You would not believe what Erick carried in his pack.
After the sag wagon came to pick us up we retrieved the car and went to weigh the rocks Erick carried. I make it 6 or 7 pounds.
blah
Blogger backup created by Robert Washbourne


Enter URL to short
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File .CSV Upload


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I am new into the HTML world, but I would like to improve my skills.
Here are some of my favorites website:


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block pagetitle %}
This page shows you all the courses that are currently available.


Oak Park Township strives to promote the well being of all its older residents. We offer a wide variety of affordable, and often free, services geared toward enhancing and improving the quality of life of our senior residents including:
Triton College, 2000 Fifth Ave., River Grove –<PHONE_NUMBER> Ext. 3895
More AARP tax aide sites and additional information is available at https://www.aarp.org/money/taxes/aarp_taxaide/.
For more information, and to sign up for any Senior Services programs, please call<PHONE_NUMBER>.


--- author: Ryan categories: app date: '2009-12-01 21:36:06' link: http://blogs.nitobi.com/ryan/index.php/2009/12/01/phonegap-symbian-qt-4-6-for-symbian-officially-released/ permalink: /2009/12/01/phonegap-symbian-qt-4-6-for-symbian-officially-released/ slug: phonegap-symbian-qt-4-6-for-symbian-officially-released status: publish title: 'PhoneGap Symbian: Qt 4.6 for Symbian officially released' type: post format: html ---
So after starting off with Qt 4.6 tower, then upgrading to colossus ), then a beta release candidate, the official Qt 4.6 RAMBO release is here! Well its not called Rambo but it should be. Its got solid Qt Support, though I haven't upgraded my PhoneGap Symbian fork yet, but will shortly. I was hoping we might have the Qt Mobility packages built into the release but I guess there's still some work to be done on them. For now I'll have to continue to include the different libraries via source code, which isn't a big deal.
Brian fowarded me a twitter post of someone who was confused how Qt gets installed on the device … its a sis installer file, just like most other tools and apps (save WRT Widgets). Sis installers can encapsulate other sis installers, so I was thinking Qt could be packaged with PhoneGap apps for deployment. Maybe if developers really start making apps using PhoneGap Symbian with Qt, Symbian will ship with Qt …
There may be some confusion as to how PhoneGap Symbian Qt will be built and deployed, so here's a bit of a step by step of what's required (detailed version):
Install the S60 (Symbian) SDK, Qt 4.6 for Symbian (SDK first, Qt patches it), and their various associated prerequisites.
Download the PhoneGap Symbian source code, which which will include the required Qt Mobility APIs.
Build your webapp using html/js/css and the symbian phonegap.js, and place it in the phonegap/symbian.qt/framework/www/ folder.
Build and in the emulator, if desired.
Qt 4.6 includes qt.sis. This installs qt to your symbian phone. Do it.
Build your application, which will give you your application.sis (self-signed). This will be your distributable. Voila.
Outstanding issues:
cannot send xhr's from our local resources (priority)
many API's still to be implemented
Symbian Signing
Feel free to post comments if you have any questions.


- English
- Mathematics
- Physics
- Chemistry
- History
- Geography
- Sales
- HR
- Marketing
- Accounts
First paragraph. First paragraph. First paragraph. First paragraph. First paragraph.
Second paragraph. Second paragraph. Second paragraph. Second paragraph. Second paragraph.


WITNESS LIST Higher Education Committee October 23, 1997-10:00A CHARGE ON HOPWOOD For: MONTEJANO, DAVID (SELF) Against: DE LA TORRE, OSCAR (STUDNTS FOR ACCS&OPP) On: APODACA, ED C. (UH) BOWEN, RAY M. (TAMU) BRINK, JAMES (TT) BROWN, DON (THECB) CARRINGTON, MCKEN V. (TSU) CUNNINGHAM, WILLIAM (UT SYSTEM) ELLIS, PAUL (AUSTIN BUS. COLL.) FLAWN, PETER (UT) FURGASON, ROBERT (TAMU CC) GARDNER, DAVID (THECB) GONZALES, RICARDO (TAMU) GUERRERO, ANDREA (SELF) KAUFFMAN, ALBERT (MALDEF) MORALES, DAN (AG'S OFFICE) MOSES, MIKE (TEA) MURDOCK, STEVE (TAMU, RURAL SOCIOLOGY) SHARLOT, MICHAEL (UT LAW) SHARPP, EDWIN (UT) SHEINBERG, BARTLETT (HOUSTON CC SYSTEM) SMITH, STEVE (TX LEGAL FOUNDATION) THOMPSON, BARRY (TAMU SYSTEM) URBANOVSKY, LAMAR (TSU SYSTEM) WALKER, BRUCE (UT) WHEELESS, VIRGINIA (UNT) WILLEFORD, PAMELA (THECB) ZAMORA, STEPHEN (UH LAW CENTER) Registering, but not testifying: On: AGUILAR, JAY (AG'S OFFICE) BERRY, CASSANDRA (UNT)


For managemement of student data
Manage Business Ventures
Work at home
We are a community of programmers, with varying skills, sharing the common ability in the field of website development. This includes Web Design in Infrastructure, database and applications. We all do agree upon international and accepted rules and regulations concerning web development with an exception of rules and regulations that hinder human freedoms of all kinds with the limit of moral degradation
Book a Programmer


XLS: IR semantics
- XLS: IR semantics
- Data types
- Functions, procs, and blocks
- Operations
- Unary bitwise operations
- Variadic bitwise operations
- Arithmetic unary operations
- Arithmetic binary operations
- Comparison operations
- Shift operations
- Extension operations
- Channel operations
- Array operations
- Tuple operations
- Bit-vector operations
- Control-oriented operations
- Sequencing operations
- Other side-effecting operations
- RTL-level operations
The XLS IR is a pure dataflow-oriented IR that has the static-single-assignment property, but is specialized for generating circuitry. The aim is to create effective circuit designs through a "lifted" understanding of the high-level operations and their semantics, instead of trying to reverse all relevant properties via dependence analysis, which often cannot take advantage of high level knowledge that the designer holds in their mind at design time.
This document describes the semantics of the XLS intermediate representation (IR) including data types, operations, and textual representation.
Data types
Bits
A vector of bits with a fixed width.
Type syntax:
bits[N]
where N
is the number of bits.
Value syntax:
- A literal decimal number. Example:
42
. - A binary number prefixed with
0b
. Example:0b10101
- A hexadecimal number:
0x
. Example:0xdeadbeef
The representation may optionally include the bit width in which case the type
is prefixed before the literal: bits[N]:$literal
. Example: bits[8]:0xab
.
Array
A one-dimensional array of elements of the same type with a fixed number of elements. An array can contain bits, arrays, or tuples as elements. Empty (zero-element) arrays are not supported.
Type syntax:
$type[N]
: an array containing N
elements of type $type
. Examples:
- Two-element array of 8-bit bits type:
bits[8][2]
- Three-element array of tuple type:
(bits[32], bits[2])[3]
Value syntax:
[$value_1, ... , $value_N]
where $value_n
is the value of the n
-th
element. Examples:
- Array of bits elements with explicit bit count:
[bits[8]:10, bits[8]:30]
- Three-element array consisting of two-element arrays of bits elements:
[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]]
Tuple
An ordered set of fixed size containing elements with potentially different types. tuples can contain bits, arrays, or tuples as elements. May be empty.
Type syntax:
($type_{0}, ..., $type_{N-1})
where N
is the number of elements and where
$type_n
is the type of the n
-th element.
Value syntax:
($value_{0}, ..., $value_{N-1})
where $value_n
is the value of the n
-th
element. Examples:
- Tuple containing two bits elements:
(0b100, 0b101)
- A nested tuple containing various element types:
((1, 2), 42, [5, 6])
Token
A type used to enforce ordering between channel operations. The token type has no value and all tokens are identical. A token is purely symbolic / semantic and has no correlate in hardware.
Type syntax:
token
Functions, procs, and blocks
The XLS IR has three function-level abstractions each which hold a data-flow graph of XLS IR operations: functions, procs, and blocks. Names of function, procs and blocks must be unique among their respective abstractions (functions, procs, and blocks). For example, a block cannot share a name with another block but can share a name with a function.
Function
A function is a stateless abstraction with a single-output which is computed from zero or more input parameters. May invoke other functions.
Proc
A Proc is a stateful abstraction with an arbitrarily-typed recurrent state. Procs can communicate with other procs via channels which (abstractly) are infinite-depth FIFOs with flow control. Channel communication is handled via send and receive IR operations. Procs may invoke functions.
TODO(meheff): 2021/11/04 Expand to include more details.
Block
A Block is an RTL-level abstraction used for code generation. It corresponds to a single Verilog module. Procs and functions are converted to blocks as part of the code generation process. Blocks may “invoke” other blocks via instantiation. A block includes explicit representations of RTL constructs: ports, registers, and instantiations. The constructs are scoped within the block.
Port
A port is a representation of an input or output to the block. These correspond
to ports on Verilog modules. Ports can be arbitrarily-typed. In the block, each
port is represented with a input_port
or output_port
operation.
Register
A register is a representation of a hardware register (flop). Registers can be
arbitrarily-typed. Each register must have a single register_write
and a
single register_read
operation for writing and reading the register
respectively.
Instantiation
An instantiation is a block-scoped construct that represents a module
instantiation at the Verilog level. The instantiated object can be another
block, a FIFO (not yet supported), or a externally defined Verilog module (not
yet supported). The instantiation is integrated into the instantiating block
with instantiation_input
and instantiation_output
operations. There is a
one-to-one mapping between the instantiation input/output and the ports of the
instantiated objects.
Operations
Operations share a common syntax and have both positional and keyword arguments à la Python. Positional arguments are ordered and must appear first in the argument list. Positional arguments are exclusively the identifiers of the operands. Keyword arguments are unordered and must appear after the positional arguments. Keyword arguments can include arbitrary value types.
result = operation(pos_arg_0, ..., pos_arg_N, keyword_0=value0, ..., keyword_M=valueM, ...)
Common keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
pos |
SourceLocation |
no | The source location associated with this operation. The syntax is a triplet of comma-separated integer values: Fileno,Lineno,Colno |
Unary bitwise operations
Performs a bit-wise operation on a single bits-typed operand.
Syntax
result = identity(operand)
result = not(operand)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[N] |
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
identity |
Op::kIdentity |
result = operand |
not |
Op::kNot |
result = ~operand |
Variadic bitwise operations
Performs a bit-wise operation on one-or-more identically-typed bits operands. If only a single argument is provided the operation is a no-op.
Syntax
result = and(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
result = or(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
result = xor(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand_{i} |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[N] |
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
and |
Op::kAnd |
result = lhs & rhs & ... |
or |
Op::kOr |
result = lhs \| rhs \| ... |
xor |
Op::kXor |
result = lhs ^ rhs ^ ... |
Arithmetic unary operations
Performs an arithmetic operation on a single bits-typed operand.
Syntax
result = neg(operand)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[N] |
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
neg |
Op::kNeg |
result = -operand |
Arithmetic binary operations
Performs an arithmetic operation on a pair of bits operands. Unsigned operations are prefixed with a 'u', and signed operations are prefixed with a 's'.
Syntax
result = add(lhs, rhs)
result = smul(lhs, rhs)
result = umul(lhs, rhs)
result = sdiv(lhs, rhs)
result = smod(lhs, rhs)
result = sub(lhs, rhs)
result = udiv(lhs, rhs)
result = umod(lhs, rhs)
result = smulp(lhs, rhs)
result = umulp(lhs, rhs)
Types
Currently signed and unsigned multiply, as wells as their partial product variants, support arbitrary width operands and result. For all other arithmetic operations the operands and the result are the same width. The expectation is that all arithmetic operations will eventually support arbitrary widths.
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
add |
Op::kAdd |
result = lhs + rhs |
sdiv |
Op::kSDiv |
result = $signed(lhs) / $signed(rhs) * ** |
smod |
Op::kSMod |
result = $signed(lhs) % $signed(rhs) * *** |
smul |
Op::kSMul |
result = $signed(lhs) * $signed(rhs) |
smulp |
Op::kSMulp |
result[0] + result[1] = $signed(lhs) * $signed(rhs) **** |
sub |
Op::kSub |
result = lhs - rhs |
udiv |
Op::kUDiv |
result = lhs / rhs * ** |
umod |
Op::kUMod |
result = lhs % rhs * |
umul |
Op::kUMul |
result = lhs * rhs |
umulp |
Op::kUMulp |
result[0] + result[1] = lhs * rhs **** |
* Synthesizing division or modulus can lead to failing synthesis and/or problems with timing closure. It is usually best not to rely on this Verilog operator in practice, but instead explicitly instantiate a divider of choice.
** Division rounds toward zero. For unsigned division this is the same as truncation. If the divisor is zero, unsigned division produces a maximal positive value. For signed division, if the divisor is zero the result is the maximal positive value if the dividend is non-negative or the maximal negative value if the dividend is negative.
*** The sign of the result of modulus matches the sign of the left operand. If the right operand is zero the result is zero.
**** The partial product multiply variants return a two-element tuple with
both elements having the same type. The outputs are not fully constrained; the
operations are free to return any values that sum to the product lhs * rhs
.
Comparison operations
Performs a comparison on a pair of identically-typed bits operands. Unsigned operations are prefixed with a 'u', and signed operations are prefixed with a 's'. Produces a result of bits[1] type.
Syntax
result = eq(lhs, rhs)
result = ne(lhs, rhs)
result = sge(lhs, rhs)
result = sgt(lhs, rhs)
result = sle(lhs, rhs)
result = slt(lhs, rhs)
result = uge(lhs, rhs)
result = ugt(lhs, rhs)
result = ule(lhs, rhs)
result = ult(lhs, rhs)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
lhs |
bits[N] |
rhs |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[1] |
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
eq |
Op::kEq |
result = lhs == rhs |
ne |
Op::kNe |
result = lhs != rhs |
sge |
Op::kSGe |
result = lhs >= rhs |
sgt |
Op::kSGt |
result = lhs > rhs |
sle |
Op::kSLe |
result = lhs <= rhs |
slt |
Op::kSLt |
result = lhs < rhs |
uge |
Op::kUGe |
result = lhs >= rhs |
ugt |
Op::kUGt |
result = lhs > rhs |
ule |
Op::kULe |
result = lhs <= rhs |
ult |
Op::kULt |
result = lhs < rhs |
Shift operations
Performs an shift operation on an input operand where the shift amount is specified by a second operand.
Syntax
result = shll(operand, amount)
result = shra(operand, amount)
result = shrl(operand, amount)
Types
The shifted operand and the result of the shift are the same width. Widths of the shift amount may be arbitrary.
Operations
| Operation | Opcode | Semantics |
|---|---|---|
shll |
Op::kShll |
result = lhs << rhs * |
shra |
Op::kShra |
result = lhs >>> rhs (arithmetic shift right) ** |
shrl |
Op::kShrl |
result = lhs >> rhs * |
* Logically shifting greater than or equal to the number of bits in the lhs
produces a result of zero.
** Arithmetic right shifting greater than or equal to the number of bits in the
lhs
produces a result equal to all of the bits set to the sign of the lhs
.
Extension operations
Extends a bit value to a new (larger) target bit-length.
Syntax
result = zero_ext(x, new_bit_count=42)
result = sign_ext(x, new_bit_count=42)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
arg |
bits[N] |
new_bit_count |
int64_t |
result |
bits[new_bit_count] |
Note: new_bit_count
should be >= N
or an error may be raised.
zero_ext
Zero-extends a value: turns its bit-length into the new target bit-length by filling zeroes in the most significant bits.
sign_ext
Sign-extends a value: turns its bit-length into the new target bit-length by filling in the most significant bits (MSbs) with the following policy:
- ones in the MSbs if the MSb of the original value was set, or
- zeros in the MSbs if the MSb of the original value was unset.
Channel operations
These operations send or receive data over channels. Channels are monomorphic, and each channel supports a fixed set of data types which are sent or received in a single transaction.
receive
Receives a data value from a specified channel. The type of the data value is
determined by the channel. An optional predicate value conditionally enables the
receive operation. An optional blocking
attribute determines whether the
receive operation is blocking. A blocking receive waits (or blocks) until valid
data is present at the channel. Compared to a blocking receive, a non-blocking
receive has an additional entry in its return tuple of type bits[1]
denoting
whether the data read is valid.
result = receive(tkn, predicate=<pred>, blocking=<bool>, channel_id=<ch>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
tkn |
token |
pred |
bits[1] |
result |
(token, T) if blocking == true else (token, T, bits[1]) |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
predicate |
bits[1] |
no | A value is received iff predicate is true |
|
blocking |
bool |
no | true |
Whether the receive is blocking |
channel_id |
int64_t |
yes | The ID of the channel to receive data from |
If the predicate is false the data values in the result are zero-filled.
send
Sends data to a specified channel. The type of the data values is determined by the channel. An optional predicate value conditionally enables the send operation.
result = send(tkn, data, predicate=<pred>, channel_id=<ch>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
tkn |
token |
data |
T |
pred |
bits[1] |
result |
token |
The type of data
must match the type supported by the channel.
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
predicate |
bits[1] |
no | A value is sent iff predicate is true |
|
channel_id |
int64_t |
yes | The ID of the channel to send data to. |
Array operations
array
Constructs an array of its operands.
result = array(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand_{i} |
T |
result |
T[N] |
Array can take an arbitrary number of operands including zero (which produces an empty array). The n-th operand becomes the n-th element of the array.
array_index
Returns a single element from an array.
Syntax
result = array_index(array, indices=[idx_{0}, ... , idx_{N-1}])
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
array |
Array of at least N dimensions |
idx_{i} |
Arbitrary bits type |
result |
T |
Returns the element of array
indexed by the indices idx_{0} ... idx_{N-1}
.
The array must have at least as many dimensions as number of index elements N
.
Each element idx_{i}
indexes a dimension of array
. The first element
idx_{0}
indexes the outer most dimension, the second element idx_{1}
indexes
the second outer most dimension, etc. The result type T
is the type of array
with the N
outer most dimensions removed.
Any out-of-bounds indices idx_{i}
are clamped to the maximum in bounds index
for the respective dimension.
The table below shows examples of the result type T
and the result expression
assuming input array operand A
.
| Indices | Array type | result type T |
Result expression |
|---|---|---|---|
{1, 2} |
bits[3][4][5] |
bits[3] |
A[1][2] |
{10, 2} |
bits[3][4][5] |
bits[3] |
A[4][2] (first index is out-of-bounds and clamped at the maximum index) |
{1} |
bits[3][4][5] |
bits[3][4] |
A[1] |
{} |
bits[3][4][5] |
bits[3][4][5] |
A |
{} |
bits[32] |
bits[32] |
A |
array_update
Returns a modified copy of an array.
Syntax
result = array_update(array, value, indices=[idx_{0}, ... , idx_{N-1}])
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
array |
Array of at least N dimensions |
value |
T |
idx_{i} |
Arbitrary bits type |
result |
Same type as array |
Returns a copy of the input array with the element at the given indices replaced
with the given value. If any index is out of bounds, the result is identical to
the input array
. The indexing semantics is identical to array_index
with the
exception of out-of-bounds behavior.
Tuple operations
tuple
Constructs a tuple of its operands.
result = tuple(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand_{i} |
T_{i} |
result |
(T_{0}, ... , T_{N-1}) |
Tuple can take and arbitrary number of operands including zero (which produces an empty tuple).
tuple_index
Returns a single element from a tuple-typed operand.
Syntax
result = tuple_index(operand, index=<index>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
(T_{0}, ... , T_{N-1}) |
result |
T_{<index>} |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
index |
int64_t |
yes | Index of tuple element to produce |
Bit-vector operations
bit_slice
Slices a contiguous range of bits from a bits-typed operand.
Syntax
result = bit_slice(operand, start=<start>, width=<width>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[<width>] |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
start |
int64_t |
yes | The starting bit of the slice. start is is zero-indexed where zero is the least-significant bit of the operand. |
|
width |
int64_t |
yes | The width of the slice. |
The bit-width of operand
must be greater than or equal to <start>
plus
<width>
.
bit_slice_update
Replaces a contiguous range of bits in a bits-typed operand at a variable start index with a given value.
Syntax
result = bit_slice_update(operand, start, update_value)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
start |
bits[I] |
update_value |
bits[M] |
result |
bits[N] |
Evaluates to operand
with the contiguous M
bits starting at index start
replaced with update_value
. Out-of-bound bits (which occur if start + M > N
)
are ignored. Examples:
operand |
start |
update_value |
result |
|---|---|---|---|
bits[16]:0xabcd |
0 |
bits[8]:0xff |
bits[16]:0xabff |
bits[16]:0xabcd |
4 |
bits[8]:0xff |
bits[16]:0xaffd |
bits[16]:0xabcd |
12 |
bits[8]:0xff |
bits[16]:0xfbcd |
bits[16]:0xabcd |
16 |
bits[8]:0xff |
bits[16]:0xabcd |
dynamic_bit_slice
Slices a contiguous range of bits from a bits-typed operand, with variable starting index but fixed width. Out-of-bounds slicing is supported by treating all out-of-bounds bits as having value 0.
Syntax
result = dynamic_bit_slice(operand, start, width=<width>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
start |
bits[M] |
result |
bits[<width>] |
start
can be of arbitrary bit width. It will be interpreted
as an unsigned integer.
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
width |
int64_t |
yes | The width of the slice. |
concat
Concatenates and arbitrary number of bits-typed operands.
result = concat(operand{0}, ..., operand{n-1})
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand_{i} |
bits[N_{i}] |
result |
bits[Sum(N_{i})] |
This is equivalent to the verilog concat operator: result = {arg0, ..., argN}
reverse
Reverses the order of bits of its operand.
result = reverse(operand)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[N] |
decode
Implements a binary decoder.
result = decode(operand, width=<width>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[M] |
The result width M
must be less than or equal to 2**N
where N
is the
operand width.
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
width |
int64_t |
yes | Width of the result |
decode
converts the binary-encoded operand value into a one-hot result. For an
operand value of n
interpreted as an unsigned number the n
-th result bit and
only the n
-th result bit is set. The width of the decode
operation may be
less than the maximum value expressible by the input (2**N
- 1). If the
encoded operand value is larger than the number of bits of the result the result
is zero.
encode
Implements a binary encoder.
result = encode(operand, width=<width>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[M] |
The result width M
must be equal to \(\(\lceil \log_{2} N \rceil\)\).
encode
converts the one-hot operand value into a binary-encoded value of the
"hot" bit of the input. If the n
-th bit and only the n
-th bit of the operand
is set the result is equal the value n
as an unsigned number.
If multiple bits of the input are set the result is equal to the logical or of
the results produced by the input bits individually. For example, if bit 3 and
bit 5 of an encode
input are set the result is equal to 3 | 5 = 7.
If no bits of the input are set the result is zero.
one_hot
Produces a bits value with exactly one bit set. The index of the set bit depends upon the input value.
Syntax
result = one_hot(input, lsb_prio=true)
result = one_hot(input, lsb_prio=false)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
input |
bits[N] |
result |
bits[N+1] |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
lsb_prio |
bool |
yes | Whether the least significant bit (LSb) has priority. |
For lsb_prio=true
: result bit i
for 0 <= i < N
is set in result
iff bit
i
is set in the input and all lower bits j
for j < i
are not set in the
input.
For lsb_prio=false
: result bit i
for N-1 >= i >= 0
is set in result
iff
bit i
is set in the input and all higher (more significant) bits j
for j >
i
are not set in the input.
For both lsb_prio=true
and lsb_prio=false
, result bit N
(the most
significant bit in the output) is only set if no bits in the input are set.
Examples:
one_hot(0b0011, lsb_prio=true)
=>0b00001
-- note that an extra MSb has been appended to the output to potentially represent the "all zeros" case.one_hot(0b0111, lsb_prio=false)
=>0b00100
.one_hot(0b00, lsb_prio=false)
=>0b100
.one_hot(0b00, lsb_prio=true)
=>0b100
-- note the output forone_hot
is the same for the all-zeros case regardless of whetherlsb_prio
is true or false.
This operation is useful for constructing match or switch operation semantics where a condition is matched against an ordered set of cases and the first match is chosen. It is also useful for one-hot canonicalizing, e.g. as a prelude to counting leading/trailing zeros.
Control-oriented operations
For context note that, in XLS, operations are evaluated eagerly in a very
general sense: all "branches" of computation may be evaluated in full before the
result is selected via an operation such as one_hot_sel
or sel
. This model
is amenable to pipeline-like hardware execution, where operations tend to be
fixed in some spatial area and operations execute a single function, while
interconnect is used for reconfiguration purposes.
Towards this eager-evaluation-capable model, operations used within a function
are generally not Turing-complete: operations such as counted_for
require a
finite bound so that they could be implemented using a finite amount of pipeline
area. Operations such as dynamic_counted_for
are an exception, where that
operation will only be possible to use in a time-multiplexed code generation
mode, such as the XLS sequential emitter, where arbitrary iteration to some
dynamic bound is likely to be possible.
param
A parameter to the current IR function, which can be used as an operand for operations within the function.
Syntax
Parameters have a special syntactic form distinct from other nodes, where they are listed directly in the function signature with their type.
fn f(x: bits[32]) -> bits[32] {
ret identity.2 = identity(x, id=2)
}
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
name |
str |
type |
type |
sel
Selects between operands based on a selector value.
This behaves as if the selector
indexes into the values given in cases
,
providing default
if it is indexing beyond the given cases
.
Syntax
result = sel(selector, cases=[case_{0}, ... , case_{N-1}], default=<default>)
A default value must be provided iff the selector
is not the correct width
for the cases
array. That is, if the number of cases is less than
\(2^{bitwidth(selector)}\) then a default value must be specified (because it must
be well defined what happens when the selector takes on values outside the case
range). If the selector is exactly the correct bitwidth a default value must not
be provided.
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
selector |
bits[M] |
case_{i} |
T |
default |
T |
result |
T |
one_hot_sel
Selects between operands based on a one-hot selector, OR
-ing all selected
cases if more than one case is selected.
See one_hot
for an example of the one-hot selector invariant. Note that when
the selector is not one-hot, this operation is still well defined.
Note that when one_hot
operations are used to precondition the selector
operand to one_hot_sel
, the XLS optimizer will try to determine when they are
unnecessary and subsequently eliminate them.
Syntax
result = one_hot_sel(selector, cases=[case_{0}, ... , case_{N-1}])
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
selector |
bits[N] |
case_{i} |
T |
result |
T |
The result is the logical OR of all cases case_{i}
for which the corresponding
bit i
is set in the selector. When selector is one-hot this performs a select
operation.
priority_sel
Selects between operands based on a selector, choosing the highest-priority case if more than one case is selected. Each bit in the selector corresponds to a case, with the least significant bit corresponding to the first case and having the highest priority. If there are no bits in the selector set, no case is selected and the default value of 0 is chosen.
See one_hot
for an example of the one-hot selector invariant. Note that when
the selector is not one-hot, this operation is still well defined.
Note that when one_hot
operations are used to precondition the selector
operand to priority_sel
, the XLS optimizer will try to determine when they are
unnecessary and subsequently eliminate them.
Syntax
result = priority_sel(selector, cases=[case_{0}, ... , case_{N-1}])
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
selector |
bits[N] |
case_{i} |
T |
result |
T |
The result is the first case case_{i}
for which the corresponding
bit i
is set in the selector. If the selector is known to be one-hot, then the
priority_sel()
operation is equivalent to a one_hot_sel()
.
invoke
Invokes a function. The return value for the invoked function is the result value.
Syntax
result = invoke(operand_{0}, ... , operand_{N-1}, to_apply=<to_apply>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
init |
T |
result |
T |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
to_apply |
string |
yes | Name of the function to use as the loop body |
map
Applies a function to the elements of an array and returns the result as an array.
Syntax
result = map(operand, to_apply=<to_apply>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand |
array[T] |
result |
array[U] |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
to_apply |
string |
yes | Name of the function to apply to each element of the operand |
dynamic_counted_for
Invokes a dynamic-trip count loop.
Syntax
result = counted_for(init, trip_count, stride, body=<body>, invariant_args=<inv_args>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
init |
T |
trip_count |
bits[N], treated as unsigned |
stride |
bits[M], treated as signed , |
result |
T |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
invariant_args |
array of | yes | Names of the invariant operands as the loop body | |
body |
string |
yes | Name of the function to use as the loop body |
dynamic_counted_for
invokes the function body
trip_count
times, passing
loop-carried data that starts with value init
. The induction variable is
incremented by stride
after each iteration.
- The first argument passed to
body
is the induction variable -- presently, the induction variable always starts at zero and increments bystride
after every trip. - The second argument passed to
body
is the loop-carry data. The return type ofbody
must be the same as the type of theinit
loop carry data. The value returned from the last trip is the result of thecounted_for
expression. - All subsequent arguments passed to
body
are passed frominvariant_args
; e.g. if there are two members ininvariant_args
those values are passed as the third and fourth arguments.
Therefore body
should have a signature that matches the following:
body(i, loop_carry_data, [invariant_arg0, invariant_arg1, ...])
Note that we currently inspect the body
function to see what type of induction
variable (i
above) it accepts in order to pass an i
value of that type.
trip_count
must have fewer bits than i
and stride
should have fewer than
or equal number of bits to i
.
Code generation support for dynamic_counted_for
is limited because the
pipeline generator cannot handle an unknown trip count.
counted_for
Invokes a fixed-trip count loop.
Syntax
result = counted_for(init, trip_count=<trip_count>, stride=<stride>, body=<body>, invariant_args=<inv_args>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
init |
T |
result |
T |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
trip_count |
int64_t |
yes | Trip count of the loop (number of times that the loop body will be executed) | |
stride |
int64_t |
no | 1 | Stride of the induction variable |
invariant_args |
array of | yes | Names of the invariant operands as the loop body | |
body |
string |
yes | Name of the function to use as the loop body |
counted_for
invokes the function body
trip_count
times, passing
loop-carried data that starts with value init
.
- The first argument passed to
body
is the induction variable -- presently, the induction variable always starts at zero and increments bystride
after every trip. - The second argument passed to
body
is the loop-carry data. The return type ofbody
must be the same as the type of theinit
loop carry data. The value returned from the last trip is the result of thecounted_for
expression. - All subsequent arguments passed to
body
are passed frominvariant_args
; e.g. if there are two members ininvariant_args
those values are passed as the third and fourth arguments.
Therefore body
should have a signature that matches the following:
body(i, loop_carry_data[, invariant_arg0, invariant_arg1, ...])
Note that we currently inspect the body
function to see what type of induction
variable (i
above) it accepts in order to pass an i
value of that type.
Sequencing operations
Some operations in XLS IR are sensitive to sequence order, similar to
channel operations, but are not themselves
channel-related. Tokens are used to determine the possible sequencing of these
effects, and after_all
can be used to join together tokens as a sequencing
merge point for concurrent threads of execution described by different tokens.
after_all
Used to construct partial orderings among channel operations.
result = after_all(operand_{0}, ..., operand_{N-1})
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
operand_{i} |
token |
result |
token |
after_all
can consume an arbitrary number of token operands including zero.
Other side-effecting operations
Aside from channels operations such as send
and receive
several other
operations have side-effects. Care must be taken when adding, removing, or
transforming these operations, e.g., in the optimizer.
assert
Raises an error at software run-time (DSLX/IR interpretation, JIT execution, RTL simulation) if the given condition evaluates to false. The operation takes a literal string attribute which is included in the error message. This is a software-only operation and has no representation in the generated hardware. Tokens are used to connect the operation to the graph and order with respect to other side-effecting operations.
result = assert(tkn, condition, message=<string>)
result = assert(tkn, condition, message=<string>, label=<string>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
tkn |
token |
condition |
bits[1] |
result |
token |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
message |
string |
yes | Message to include in raised error | |
label |
optional string |
yes | Label to associate with the assert statement in the generated (System)Verilog |
cover
Records the number of times the given condition evaluates to true. Just like
assert
, this is a software-only construct and is not emitted in a final
hardware design. Tokens are used to sequence this operation in the graph.
result = cover(tkn, condition, label=<string>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
tkn |
token |
condition |
bits[1] |
result |
token |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
label |
string |
yes | Name associated with the counter. |
gate
Gates an arbitrarily-typed value based on a condition.
The result of the operation is the data operand if the condition is true,
otherwise the result is a zero value of the type of the data operand (i.e., the
value is gated off). A helpful mnemonic is to think of this as analogous to an
AND
gate: if the condition is true
, the value passes through, otherwise it's
zeroed.
This operation can reduce switching and may be used in power optimizations. This is intended for use in operand gating for power reduction, and the compiler may ultimately use it to perform register-level load-enable gating.
The operation is considered side-effecting to prevent removal of the operation when the gated result (condition is false) is not observable. In this case the gate operation is still desirable because of the operations' effects on power consumption.
result = gate(condition, data)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
condition |
bits[1] |
data |
T |
result |
T |
RTL-level operations
These IR operations correspond to RTL-level constructs in the emitted Verilog. These operations are added and used in the code generation process and may only appear in blocks (not procs or functions).
input_port
Corresponds to an input port on a Verilog module.
Syntax
result = input_port()
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
result |
T |
An input_port operation can be an arbitrary type.
output_port
Corresponds to an output port on a Verilog module. The value sent to the output port is the data operand.
Syntax
result = output_port(data)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
data |
T |
result |
T |
register_read
Reads a value from a register.
The register is defined on the block.
Syntax
result = register_read(register=<register_name>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
result |
T |
The type T
of the result of the operation is the type of the register.
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
register |
string |
yes | Name of the register to read |
register_write
Writes a value to a register.
The write to the register may be conditioned upon an optional load-enable and/or reset signal. The register is defined on the block.
Syntax
result = register_write(data, load_enable=<load_enable>, reset=<reset>, register=<register_name>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
data |
T |
load_enable |
bits[1] (optional) |
reset |
bits[1] (optional) |
result |
() (empty tuple) |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
register |
string |
yes | Name of the register to write |
The type T
of the data operand must be the same as the the type of the
register.
instantiation_input
Corresponds to a single input port of an instantiation.
An instantiation is a block-scoped construct that represents a module
instantiation at the Verilog level. Each instantation_input
operation
corresponds to a particular port of the instantiated object, so generally a
single instantiation can have multiple associated instantiation_input
operations (one for each input port).
Syntax
result = instantiation_input(data, instantiation=<instantiation>, port_name=<port_name>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
data |
T |
result |
() |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
instantiation |
string |
yes | Name of the instantiation. | |
port_name |
string |
yes | Name of the associated port of the instantiation. |
The type T
of the data operand must be the same as the the type of the
associated input port of the instantiated object.
instantiation_output
Corresponds to a single output port of an instantiation.
An instantiation is a block-scoped construct that represents a module
instantiation at the Verilog level. Each instantation_output
operation
corresponds to a output particular port of the instantiated object, so generally
a single instantiation can have multiple associated instantiation_output
operations (one for each output port).
Syntax
result = instantiation_output(instantiation=<instantiation>, port_name=<port_name>)
Types
| Value | Type |
|---|---|
result |
T |
Keyword arguments
| Keyword | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
instantiation |
string |
yes | Name of the instantiation. | |
port_name |
string |
yes | Name of the associated port of the instantiation. |
The type T
of the result is type of the associated output port of the
instantiated object.


{% extends 'includes/layout.html' %} {% block content %}
Awesome you did it! lithe is up and running and ready to work for you!
Make sure you read the Jinja2 docs. This will help you prototype faster.
Below are some examples to get you started. You can find all files in the web folder.
* courtesy of Wikimedia
{{ '' | escape }}
{% raw -%}
{{ lipsum(1) }}
{%- endraw %}
{% for i in range(1, 5) %}
Why are you hitting your self ({{ i }}) ?
{% endfor %}
{% raw %}{% for i in range(1, 5) %}{% endraw %} {{ 'Why are you hitting your self ({{ i }}) ?
' | escape }} {% raw %}{% endfor %}{% endraw %}
...and then you checkout the Jinja2 docs. Also check this source code how to


Build and deploy advanced statistical models in Python.
Design creative dashboards to bring underlying stories to life!
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Live by the quote "Individually, we are one drop. Together, we are an ocean. - Ryunosuke Satoro"!


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
This is an automation framework with automation management system.
Developing...


Remember it will be useful to have a diverse team with a diverse set of skills if you want to solve all of the puzzles :)
- Think Outside The Box
-
This problem involves spacial thinking/ visualization, patterns, and geometry!
Download This Puzzle
- Read My Lips
-
This problem is about speech, sound, and words!
Download This Puzzle


Documentation of completed previous education and Translations
Documentation of language proficiency
Statement of purpose
Letter of recommendation
CV
Scholarshipcholarship form


Part 3: Setting up SQLAlchemy
Setting up our data models using SQLAlchemy.
Create a Database
Our initial step needs to create the database that we plan to use to save all of our crawled data.
To do that, we will start a Postgres shell on localhost:
1 2 3 4 5 | (ScrapProj)$ psql -h localhost
psql (9.1.4, server 9.1.3)
Type "help" for help.
newcoder=#
|
The newcoder=#
is the PostGres prompt. We simply create a database with this command:
1 | newcoder=# create database scrape;
|
Notice I had to include the semicolon there. This is pretty much all the raw SQL code we're going to touch. If you are curious, you can learn more on how to interact with PostGres in their docs.
Settings.py
Create settings.py
within my_scraper/scraper_app/
. Our settings.py
file will only have 5 variables defined (pop quiz: these variables are all caps, do you remember why? Refer to the Data Viz tutorial for a refresher).
If you were walking through the scrapy tutorial on your own, it would create a settings.py
file for you with a few variables that you should define.
Our settings.py
file is simply a list of global variables specific to our project so we can import our settings later.
We first give our web scraper a name, and where our spider module is located.
1 2 3 | BOT_NAME = 'livingsocialscraper'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['scraper_app.spiders']
|
We then define our database through a dictionary:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | DATABASE = {'drivername': 'postgres',
'host': 'localhost',
'port': '5432',
'username': 'lynnroot',
'password': 'root',
'database': 'scrape'}
|
The drivername
is the type of database we're using – Postgres. Since we're using Postgres that we installed on our own computer, the location, or the host
is localhost
. The port is the default port that Postgres listens on.
The username
is your username for your machine. The password
may not be needed, or may be the password used when setting up Postgres initially.
The database
is the name of the database we created earlier, newcoder=# create database scrape;
.
We will return to our settings.py
file to add a fifth variable, ITEM_PIPELINES
, once we setup our pipelines (how we handle the scraped & parsed data – e.g. we save them to the database).
Models.py
Next create models.py
file within my_scraper/scraper_app/
directory. We’ll now setup our database models using SQLAlchemy as our ORM.
First, we'll define a function to actually connect to the database. For this, we'll need to import SQLAlchemy as well as our settings.py
file:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | from sqlalchemy import *
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import URL
import settings
def db_connect():
"""
Performs database connection using database settings from settings.py.
Returns sqlalchemy engine instance
"""
return create_engine(URL(**settings.DATABASE))
|
A few things I want to point out with this example. First, the from sqlalchemy import *
line. The import *
literally imports everything into our models.py
file. This is typically not good; it can sacrifice performance, and is also unclear to whomever reads your code later. We specifically want the create_engine()
function from sqlalchemy
, and if we just import *
, it is difficult to initially see that create_engine()
is defined in and imported from sqlalchemy
.
Let’s be better developers and change our import statement to from sqlalchemy import create_engine
. Here, we avoid importing everything from the sqlalchemy
package, and we are more explicit with what we are using from sqlalchemy
.
We make a general import settings
statement – it does not import every item in settings.py
, but it gives us access to any item we want by later using settings.DATABASE
. You can think of the difference between import settings
versus from sqlalchemy import *
as "take the basket" versus "take everything out of the basket."
Last item I want to point out before we move on is the usage of the double astricks within the URL()
function: **settings.DATABASE
. First, we are accessing the DATABASE
variable within settings.py
. The **
actually unpacks all the values within the DATABASE
dictionary. The URL
function, a constructor defined within SQLAlchemy, will map keys and values to a URL that SQLAlchemy can understand to make a connection to our database.
So first, our dictionary looks like:
1 2 3 4 5 6 | DATABASE = {'drivername': 'postgres',
'host': 'localhost',
'port': '5432',
'username': 'lynnroot',
'password': 'root',
'database': 'scrape'}
|
Then, the URL()
function will parse out the elements, and create the following URL for the create_engine()
function to read:
1 | 'postgresql://lynnroot:root@localhost:5432/scrape'
|
Now create_engine()
can read that URL to eventually make a connection to our database.
Next, we create the table for our ORM. We have to import declarative_base()
from SQLAlchemy in order to map a class that defines our table structure to Postgres, as well as a function that will take our metadata of our table to create the table(s) we need.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import URL
import settings
DeclarativeBase = declarative_base()
# <--snip-->
def create_deals_table(engine):
""""""
DeclarativeBase.metadata.create_all(engine)
|
Last, we define our actual table by inheriting from DeclarativeBase
and setting up how we want to define each field we want to collect. We also have to import a few more things from SQLAlchemy:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String
# <--snip-->
class Deals(DeclarativeBase):
"""Sqlalchemy deals model"""
__tablename__ = "deals"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column('title', String)
description = Column('description', String, nullable=True)
link = Column('link', String, nullable=True)
location = Column('location', String, nullable=True)
category = Column('category', String, nullable=True)
original_price = Column('original_price', String, nullable=True)
price = Column('price', String, nullable=True)
|
We give our class a table name, “deals”, as well as 8 fields. Each field will be mapped to a column in our table which it's created through create_deals_table()
.
For each field, we define the type of field that it is, Integer
for our primary key field, and the rest are String
s. We pass in the label of the column as a string for everything but the id
field. Last, for most fields, we allow them to be empty (nullable=True
) if we don't have those fields in the deal data that we collect.
All together:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.engine.url import URL
import settings
DeclarativeBase = declarative_base()
def db_connect():
"""
Performs database connection using database settings from settings.py.
Returns sqlalchemy engine instance
"""
return create_engine(URL(**settings.DATABASE))
def create_deals_table(engine):
""""""
DeclarativeBase.metadata.create_all(engine)
class Deals(DeclarativeBase):
"""Sqlalchemy deals model"""
__tablename__ = "deals"
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
title = Column('title', String)
description = Column('description', String, nullable=True)
link = Column('link', String, nullable=True)
location = Column('location', String, nullable=True)
category = Column('category', String, nullable=True)
original_price = Column('original_price', String, nullable=True)
price = Column('price', String, nullable=True)
|
Part 4 will wrap up with how we pipeline our scraped data to save to our database →


package dstream
- Alphabetic
- By Inheritance
- dstream
- AnyRef
- Any
- Hide All
- Show All
- Public
- All
Type Members
-
class
ConstantInputDStream[T] extends InputDStream[T]
An input stream that always returns the same RDD on each time step.
An input stream that always returns the same RDD on each time step. Useful for testing.
-
abstract
class
DStream[T] extends Serializable with Logging
A Discretized Stream (DStream), the basic abstraction in Spark Streaming, is a continuous sequence of RDDs (of the same type) representing a continuous stream of data (see org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD in the Spark core documentation for more details on RDDs).
A Discretized Stream (DStream), the basic abstraction in Spark Streaming, is a continuous sequence of RDDs (of the same type) representing a continuous stream of data (see org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD in the Spark core documentation for more details on RDDs). DStreams can either be created from live data (such as, data from TCP sockets, Kafka, etc.) using a org.apache.spark.streaming.StreamingContext or it can be generated by transforming existing DStreams using operations such as
map
,window
andreduceByKeyAndWindow
. While a Spark Streaming program is running, each DStream periodically generates a RDD, either from live data or by transforming the RDD generated by a parent DStream.This class contains the basic operations available on all DStreams, such as
map
,filter
andwindow
. In addition, org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.PairDStreamFunctions contains operations available only on DStreams of key-value pairs, such asgroupByKeyAndWindow
andjoin
. These operations are automatically available on any DStream of pairs (e.g., DStream[(Int, Int)] through implicit conversions.A DStream internally is characterized by a few basic properties:
- A list of other DStreams that the DStream depends on
- A time interval at which the DStream generates an RDD
- A function that is used to generate an RDD after each time interval
-
abstract
class
InputDStream[T] extends DStream[T]
This is the abstract base class for all input streams.
This is the abstract base class for all input streams. This class provides methods start() and stop() which are called by Spark Streaming system to start and stop receiving data, respectively. Input streams that can generate RDDs from new data by running a service/thread only on the driver node (that is, without running a receiver on worker nodes), can be implemented by directly inheriting this InputDStream. For example, FileInputDStream, a subclass of InputDStream, monitors an HDFS directory from the driver for new files and generates RDDs with the new files. For implementing input streams that requires running a receiver on the worker nodes, use org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.ReceiverInputDStream as the parent class.
-
sealed abstract
class
MapWithStateDStream[KeyType, ValueType, StateType, MappedType] extends DStream[MappedType]
DStream representing the stream of data generated by
mapWithState
operation on a pair DStream.DStream representing the stream of data generated by
mapWithState
operation on a pair DStream. Additionally, it also gives access to the stream of state snapshots, that is, the state data of all keys after a batch has updated them.- KeyType
Class of the key
- ValueType
Class of the value
- StateType
Class of the state data
- MappedType
Class of the mapped data
-
class
PairDStreamFunctions[K, V] extends Serializable
Extra functions available on DStream of (key, value) pairs through an implicit conversion.
-
abstract
class
ReceiverInputDStream[T] extends InputDStream[T]
Abstract class for defining any org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.InputDStream that has to start a receiver on worker nodes to receive external data.
Abstract class for defining any org.apache.spark.streaming.dstream.InputDStream that has to start a receiver on worker nodes to receive external data. Specific implementations of ReceiverInputDStream must define getReceiver function that gets the receiver object of type org.apache.spark.streaming.receiver.Receiver that will be sent to the workers to receive data.
- T
Class type of the object of this stream


Tell Me Why is a brand new thrilling adventure from Dontnod
by AshAnnounced today during X019, Tell Me Why is the next narrative adventure game from Dontnod that follows the story of two twins as they try to navigate troubled memories from their childhood.
You can watch the announcement trailer for the game below.
Tell Me Why is the latest narrative adventure game from DONTNOD Entertainment, the studio behind the beloved franchise, Life is Strange. In this intimate thriller, twins Tyler and Alyson use their special bond to unravel mysteries of their loving but troubled childhood. Set in beautiful small-town Alaska, Tell Me Why features true-to-life characters, mature themes and gripping choices.
Players must help the twins navigate their memories, shaping what they can remember in the present. One of the twins, Tyler, is a transgender man.
In a press release, game director Florent Guillaume, said that “We love them both, and we are especially grateful to Microsoft for its full support, openness and help regarding Tyler’s identity and character, as a transgender man.”
Nick Adams, Director of Transgender Representation at GLAAD added that “Tyler is a fully-realized, endearing character, whose story is not reduced to simplistic trans tropes. Creating a playable lead trans character – and taking such care to get it right – raises the bar for future LGBTQ inclusion in gaming.”
All chapters of Tell Me Why will be out on Xbox One in summer 2020.


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