Infomaster TutorialLesson 7: Mediators |
The approach to deriving results described in the last lesson is monophasic. Data and rules are commingled and and rule are interpreted repeatedly for each data item. This can be very inefficient.
Biphasic deduction eliminates this inefficiency. In answering a query, biphasic deduction first uses rules to reduce a question to an expression in terms of data relations and then it answers this reduced question. This means that the rules are applied only once rather than on every piece of data. For large databases, this approach can be much more efficient than monophasic deduction. In Infomaster, Biphasic deduction is implemented through the use of translators, transfomers, and facilitators. We will see more about facilitators in the next lesson. Translators and Transformers are described below.
A translator is an Infomaster agent that implements biphasic deduction.  On receiving a query or an update, a translator first uses the rules in its rulebase to reduce the query or update and then submits the reduced query or update to the target agent, where the reduced query is answered without looking at the rules.
In order to see how this work, consider the rules shown below. Here, grandparent is defined in terms of parent and parent is defined in terms of father and mother.
Now, imagine a translator with these rules in its rulebase, and suppose that the translator were to receive a request to find all ?x and ?y such that (grandparent ?x ?y) is true. It would first "apply" these rules, substituting the body of each rule for the head in the query, until no more substitutions are possible. In this case teh result would be the query shown below.
Having done this reduction, the translator would send this query on to its target. It would then return any answers it receives to its requestor.
A transformer is similar to a translator in that it first uses the rules in its rulebase to reduce a query or update and then submits the result to the target agent. The primary difference is in the condition used to determine whether or not a subexpression is passed on to the target.
In the case of a translator, a subgoal of a query is passed on to the target whenever there is no rule in the database that applies to the subgoal. In the case of a transformer, a subgoal is passed on to the target if and only if the relation in the expression is known to be a "specialty" of the target, as recorded in the manager.
In the case of a translator, a consequence is passed on to the target whenever there is no rule in the database that applies to the consequence. In the case of a transformer, a consequence is passed on to the target if and only if the relation in the expression is known to be an "interest" of the target, as recorded in the manager.
In order to see how this work, once again consider the rules from the preceding section. If the manager contained information specifying father and mother as specialties of the target, the reduced query would be the same. In other cases, there would be a difference.
Let us start with the case in which the manager has the specialty information shown below and that is all. In particular, suppose that mother is NOT listed as a specialty.
As with a translator, a transformer would apply the rules to reduce a query. However, unlike a translator, a transformer would retain only those cases where the traget is known to have a specialty. In this case, the result would be the query shown below. The mother case is dropped, since the target is not known to have information about this relation.
Now consider the case in which the manager has the specialty information shown below.
Again, a transformer would apply the rules to reduce a query. However, it woudl stop the reduction on reaching any relation that is known to be a specialty, leading to the query shown below. Further reduction is not necessary, as the target is known to store th parent relation.
Specialties and interests in the Manager can be tedious (and annoying when you forget to include them). However, they give much greater control over teh inferential process than is possible without them.
A facilitator is an Infomaster agent that integrates data from multiple, heterogeneous data sources and disseminates that data to multiple, heterogeneous data consumers.
The behavior of a facilitator is similar to that of a transformer. The primary difference between a facilitator and a transformer is that a facilitator can have many targets whereas a transformer has just oe t. Moreover, a facilitator's targets are not explicitly specified as such; instead, a facilitator accesses any agents having appropriate specialties and interests.
On receiving a query, a facilitator first uses the rules in its rulebase to reduce the query or update to a query involving only relations that are the spcialties of some agent known to the system. The components of the resulting query are then sent to the specialty agents to get their answers. Note that the answers to different parts of a query may come from different agents. The facililitator manages this communication.
Note that there may be more than one specialist for a given relation. In such a case, a facilitator chooses one and only one to handle that portion of the query. The concept of specialty means that an agent has all of the answers of the specialty relation, and so no other agent need be consulted. Cases where different agents contribute different portions of a relation are handled by defining subrelations for each such agent, listing the subrelations as specialties, and then writing rules to relate these subrelations to the original relation.
On receiving an update, a facilitator first uses the rules in its rulebase to derive all consequences of update that involve relations that are the interests of some agent known to the system. The components of the resulting updates are then sent to the intrerested agents.
There is one important difference between updates and queries. In the case of queries, only one specialist is consulted. In the case of updates, all interested parties are notified.
Multiple data sources can be "aggregated" simply by specifying their specialties and interests to the Manager in an Infomaster system. Once this is done, any running facilitator will use this information to retrieve information from those data sources.
Data integration refers to the task of merging data in sources in the face of differences in schema or vocabulary.
In Infomaster this job is accomplished by writing rules to relate the concepts in one schema to the concepts in another.
If there are n schemas, this can lead to n^2 mappings. To avoid this problem, it is customary to devise a master schema (also called a pivot schema or reference schema) and then write mapping rules for the concepts in other schemas to the concepts in this master schema. This requires at most 2n mappings.
A data repository is an agent that serves as a repository for data - it stores data, accepts updates, and answers queries. We have already seen several data repositories in Infomaster, viz. the Warehouse and the Manager.
There are several different types of data repositories, which differ in how data is "indexed" and what kind of "inference" is done in answering queries and performing updates.
A sentences is said to be indexed on a word if and only if there is a pointer from that word to the sentence. Infomaster repositories offer multiple indexing strategies. Fullindexing means that every sentence is indexed on every word in the sentence. Relationalindexing means that every sentence is indexed only on the relation. Noindexing means that sentences are not indexed at all. Indexing is generally good for lookup but slow for adding and deleting facts.
Inference refers to the procedure used to perform inference on a data repository. Fastservers and dataservers do not use rules at all. Fastservers do their work "interpretively"; dataservers first compile their activity and then run the compiled code. Fastservers are faster on small databases (since there is no compiling overhead), while dataservers are faster on large databases (where compiling pays for itself). Ruleservers use rules as contained in the database without change. Fullservers add contrapositives to rules and goals.
In building pure databases (without rules), it is customary to use either a fastserver or a dataserver. In building rule bases, such as the Library, it is customary to use a ruleserver.
One diadvantage of encoding information in the form of rules rather than tables is greater search cost. This search cost can be diminished by "materializing" relations, i.e. using the rules to precompute all instances of the relation and explicitly storing those instances.
The Materialize operation takes as arguments a relation, a source agent, and a target agent. It requests values of the specified relation from the source agent, and stores the results in the target agent. Materialize is typically called with a translator or transformer or faciltator as source and with a data repsoitory as target. Materialize also informs the manager that the target agent has the relation as a specialty, so that translators and facilitators can route subsequent directly to the target rather than recomputing at the source.
The Dematerialize operation takes as arguments a relation and a target agent. It eliminates all instances of the specified relation from the target agent and deletes the corresponding specialty information from the Manager.
One disdvantage of materializing relations is that it complicates the process of update. On each update, we must determine which materialized relations need to be changed and which instances of those relations need to be changed. Of course, we could recompute all materialized relations, but this would be prohibitively expensive.
One solution to this problem is to write implications (forward rules) for relations in addition to the normal rules for computing those relations in the first place. These implications can then be used by the system to perform incremental updates to mateialized relations rather than recomputing them in their entirety. More on this later.


test1value
test2value
test3value
test4value
11.2.h Serialize only relevant leaf node local names and values on GET submission
When you activate the Show submit control the page must be replaced
with a URL containing the following form data: "test1=test1value&test2=test2value"
You must not see a tag/value pair for any of x, test2parent, a:test2, test3,
test4parent, a:test4 and test4.
Show


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The tool creates resource definition templates for all columns for each table in a database schema. The definitions are created in the user-provided subfolder. These resources can be immediately used, or modified and reloaded and moved as necessary.
The tool is accessed after deploying restsql from the Tools link on the home page, or from
http://host:port/restsql/tools
. Enter the subfolder name (default is 'auto') and the database name. The definitions are created in the configured SQL Resources directory (in the restsql.properties file). These are viewable from the SQL Resources browser, i.e.
http://host:port/restsql/res
.
Db-specific implementations of SqlBuilder were added.
A new tool, ResourceDefinitionGenerator was added, with db-specific implmentations.
Framework now binds to ColumnMetaData and TableMetaData interfaces, so custom implementations can be provided.
Following are the excerpts with the additional properties
# DB-specific implementation classes - match the implementation to your database ... org.restsql.core.SqlBuilder=org.restsql.core.impl.mysql.MySqlSqlBuilder org.restsql.tools.ResourceDefinitionGenerator=org.restsql.tools.impl.mysql.MySqlResourceDefinitionGenerator # Implementation classes - use these to customize the framework ... org.restsql.core.ColumnMetaData=org.restsql.core.impl.ColumnMetaDataImpl org.restsql.core.TableMetaData=org.restsql.core.impl.TableMetaDataImpl
If you are using MySQL with the built-in implementation classes, none of the preceeding properties are required. Please refer to the following examples:
Possibly change restsql.properties per above.


The primary goal of the feature is collection and monitoring of Aurora job SLA (Service Level Agreements) metrics that defining a contractual relationship between the Aurora/Mesos platform and hosted services.
The Aurora SLA feature currently supports stat collection only for service (non-cron)
production jobs ("production = True"
in your .aurora
config).
Counters that track SLA measurements are computed periodically within the scheduler.
The individual instance metrics are refreshed every minute (configurable via
sla_stat_refresh_interval
). The instance counters are subsequently aggregated by
relevant grouping types before exporting to scheduler /vars
endpoint (when using vagrant
that would be http://<IP_ADDRESS>:8081/vars
)
Aggregate amount of time a job spends in a non-runnable state due to platform unavailability or scheduling delays. This metric tracks Aurora/Mesos uptime performance and reflects on any system-caused downtime events (tasks LOST or DRAINED). Any user-initiated task kills/restarts will not degrade this metric.
Collection scope:
sla_<job_key>_platform_uptime_percent
sla_cluster_platform_uptime_percent
Units: percent
A fault in the task environment may cause the Aurora/Mesos to have different views on the task state or lose track of the task existence. In such cases, the service task is marked as LOST and rescheduled by Aurora. For example, this may happen when the task stays in ASSIGNED or STARTING for too long or the Mesos slave becomes unhealthy (or disappears completely). The time between task entering LOST and its replacement reaching RUNNING state is counted towards platform downtime.
Another example of a platform downtime event is the administrator-requested task rescheduling. This happens during planned Mesos slave maintenance when all slave tasks are marked as DRAINED and rescheduled elsewhere.
To accurately calculate Platform Uptime, we must separate platform incurred downtime from user actions that put a service instance in a non-operational state. It is simpler to isolate user-incurred downtime and treat all other downtime as platform incurred.
Currently, a user can cause a healthy service (task) downtime in only two ways: via killTasks
or restartShards
RPCs. For both, their affected tasks leave an audit state transition trail
relevant to uptime calculations. By applying a special “SLA meaning” to exposed task state
transition records, we can build a deterministic downtime trace for every given service instance.
A task going through a state transition carries one of three possible SLA meanings (see SlaAlgorithm.java for sla-to-task-state mapping):
Task is UP: starts a period where the task is considered to be up and running from the Aurora platform standpoint.
Task is DOWN: starts a period where the task cannot reach the UP state for some non-user-related reason. Counts towards instance downtime.
Task is REMOVED from SLA: starts a period where the task is not expected to be UP due to user initiated action or failure. We ignore this period for the uptime calculation purposes.
This metric is recalculated over the last sampling period (last minute) to account for any UP/DOWN/REMOVED events. It ignores any UP/DOWN events not immediately adjacent to the sampling interval as well as adjacent REMOVED events.
Percentage of the job instances considered to be in RUNNING state for the specified duration relative to request time. This is a purely application side metric that is considering aggregate uptime of all RUNNING instances. Any user- or platform initiated restarts directly affect this metric.
Collection scope: We currently expose job uptime values at 5 pre-defined percentiles (50th,75th,90th,95th and 99th):
sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_50_00_sec
sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_75_00_sec
sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_90_00_sec
sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_95_00_sec
sla_<job_key>_job_uptime_99_00_sec
Units: seconds
You can also get customized real-time stats from aurora client. See aurora sla -h
for
more details.
Median time a job spends waiting for its tasks to be assigned to a host. This is a combined metric that helps track the dependency of scheduling performance on the requested resources (user scope) as well as the internal scheduler bin-packing algorithm efficiency (platform scope).
Collection scope:
sla_<job_key>_mtta_ms
sla_cluster_mtta_ms
sla_cpu_small_mtta_ms
sla_cpu_medium_mtta_ms
sla_cpu_large_mtta_ms
sla_cpu_xlarge_mtta_ms
sla_cpu_xxlarge_mtta_ms
sla_ram_small_mtta_ms
sla_ram_medium_mtta_ms
sla_ram_large_mtta_ms
sla_ram_xlarge_mtta_ms
sla_ram_xxlarge_mtta_ms
sla_disk_small_mtta_ms
sla_disk_medium_mtta_ms
sla_disk_large_mtta_ms
sla_disk_xlarge_mtta_ms
sla_disk_xxlarge_mtta_ms
Units: milliseconds
MTTA only considers instances that have already reached ASSIGNED state and ignores those that are still PENDING. This ensures straggler instances (e.g. with unreasonable resource constraints) do not affect metric curves.
Median time a job waits for its tasks to reach RUNNING state. This is a comprehensive metric reflecting on the overall time it takes for the Aurora/Mesos to start executing user content.
Collection scope:
sla_<job_key>_mttr_ms
sla_cluster_mttr_ms
sla_cpu_small_mttr_ms
sla_cpu_medium_mttr_ms
sla_cpu_large_mttr_ms
sla_cpu_xlarge_mttr_ms
sla_cpu_xxlarge_mttr_ms
sla_ram_small_mttr_ms
sla_ram_medium_mttr_ms
sla_ram_large_mttr_ms
sla_ram_xlarge_mttr_ms
sla_ram_xxlarge_mttr_ms
sla_disk_small_mttr_ms
sla_disk_medium_mttr_ms
sla_disk_large_mttr_ms
sla_disk_xlarge_mttr_ms
sla_disk_xxlarge_mttr_ms
Units: milliseconds
MTTR only considers instances in RUNNING state. This ensures straggler instances (e.g. with unreasonable resource constraints) do not affect metric curves.
The availability of Aurora SLA metrics is bound by the scheduler availability.
All metrics are calculated at a pre-defined interval (currently set at 1 minute). Scheduler restarts may result in missed collections.


Please refer to the documentation available here: http://docs.appcelerator.com/titanium/latest/#!/api/Titanium.Cloud
Dawson Toth and Jeff English
Copyright(c) 2011-2013 by Appcelerator, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Please see the LICENSE file included in the distribution for further details.


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Last updated: 17 May 2012
Absolutely. The final ranking will indicate whether or not methods are fully-automated.
Yes. Teams that need more time can still participate and send their results after 1 October 2012 to the organizers. They do need to be on-site and start their computations together with the other participants, though. In the final ranking, such submissions will be indicated as "overtime" submissions.
Yes. Participating teams can continue to change/adapt/tweak their methods until the day of the challenge.
We won't. However, the final ranking of the competing algorithms will be based only on their performance on the independent set of test scans that will be made available on-site.


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Rendering with P3DC is straightforward but unfortunately it is a bit time dependent (it is hard to keep a consistent frame rate without threads). The model is as follows:
If you were to program a game using this engine, it would have some additional layers:
These things will be present in my first game "Fantasy Castle."
At the top level the drawing functions are pretty straight forward, however it is more interesting when we look at the individual drawing functions. Each function has the same basic internal structure, it operates as follows.
p3dc_draw_xxxx(p3dc_VIEW *vp, p3dc_XFRM *view, int flags, p3dc_XXXX *thing_to_draw)
From this function call, the parameters are used as follows:
The simplest case is drawing points although all of the others are basically the same. The code for points is simply:
void p3dc_draw_point(p3dc_VIEW *vp, p3dc_XFRM *view, int flags, p3dc_POINT *p) { __p3dc_total_parts++; /* Step 1: Light the point */ if (flags & P3DC_DRAW_SHADED) { p3dc_light_point(e, p); } /* Step 2: Transform the point into view space */ p3dc_xfrm_vrtx(NULL, view, p->p0); /* Step 3: Clip the result. */ if ((flags & P3DC_DRAW_CLIPPED) && (p3dc_clip_point(p->p0))) return; __p3dc_drawn_parts++; /* Step 4: Draw the point. */ __hw_draw_point(e, p); }
In this code the variable p3dc_total_parts is used to give a number of "things" rendered in a given prepare/flip block. As you can see the flag P3DC_DRAW_SHADED is used to determine if the point should be lit according to a simple ambient light model. If set the point is lit using the function p3dc_light_point. The code in p3dc_light_point takes into account the origin point of the camera, the position of the lights (attached to the camera structure) and the position of the point to come up with an intensity modifier for the point's color.
No, not the 3D kind like 3Dfx Voodoo, the ones that let you render 3D scenes quickly and get on with things.
P3DC contains a number of techniques that are used to speed up the rendering pipeline, the most common technique is pre-caching results. There are three results that benefit greatly by being saved:
This section provides a catalog of the various functions in Project: 3D Craft.
p3dc_prepare_frame(p3dc_CLR *color)
Returns: void
This function prepares the frame for drawing. Generally it clears the entire screen to the color specified. Normally, you would want to specify whatever the default fog color is here. This is so that when fogging you can ignore things that are "holes" (nothing is rendered in front of them).
p3dc_flip_frame(p3dc_BOOL wait)
Returns: void
This function causes the last frame drawn to be "flipped" to the front. The current frame is then pushed into the stack of buffers available to draw on. Usually there will be two buffers the "shown" buffer and the "hidden" buffer. By double buffering like this we don't get nasty drawing artifacts if the screen changes while the monitor has displayed it.
p3dc_clear_region(p3dc_CLR *color, p3dc_FLOAT x, y, width, height)
Returns: void
This function clears a region of the screen to the indicated color. This is useful when you're not using the whole screen for rendering (say a cockpit window or rear view mirror).
p3dc_adjust_color(p3dc_CLR *color, p3dc_FLOAT factor, p3dc_CLR *result)
Returns: void
This function multiplies the RGB components of a color struct by a factor that is presumably less than 1.0. This is used in the lighting code to adjust the color of a vertex when a polygon is off angle from the light.
p3dc_draw_point(p3dc_VIEW *vp, p3dc_XFRM *view, int flags, p3dc_POINT *point)
Returns: void
This function renders a point on the screen. The point is clipped if it falls outside the visible screen boundary.
p3dc_xfrm_vrtx(p3dc_VRTX *result, p3dc_XFRM *transform, p3dc_VRTX *src)
Returns: void
This function applies the 3D transformation in transform to the vertex in src. Note that technically the vertex is a 4x1 column vector and the transform is a 4 x 4 matrix, however we take advantage of the fact that most of the time we're actually doing the transform in 3 space and don't bother multiplying the last row (0, 0, 0, 1) by the vector to get the value 1.0 in the w output.
Now there are a couple of things to note about this routine. First, the transform carries around with it an identifier called id. This identifier is changed any time the transform is changed. The vertex carries around both its original co-ordiantes and its transformed co-ordinates. The transformed co-ordinates include a value xid which is the identifier of the transform last used on the vertex's co-ordinates. Thus if we're trying to transform this vertex a second time with the same transform, nothing really happens and the function returns.
If the value result is non-NULL, then the transformed vertex co-ordinates are stored in the results "world" co-ordinates. This is how you move a vertex from one co-ordinate space into another co-ordinate space and it is what happens to models when they are transformed into world co-ordinates.
p3dc_clip_line(p3dc_LINE *line, float *delta1, float *delta2)
Returns: int -- The integer returned is a clip code, the defined codes are:
- CLIP_NONE - the line clipped off the screen so discard it.
- CLIP_A_B - the line is completely on screen so just draw it.
- CLIP_A_X - the first vertex on the line (a) was on screen but the second vertex (b) needed to be adjusted.
- CLIP_X_B - the second vertex on the line (b) was on screen but the first vertex (a) needed to be adjusted.
- CLIP_X_X - both vertices on the line needed to be adjusted.
- CLIP_ERROR - one or both of the vertices had not be transformed.
This function clips a line based on its transformed vertices. It uses the value w in the transformed version of the co-ordinates to clip the endpoints to values -w <= x <= w, -w <= y <= w, 0 <= z <= w. The results are stored in two p3dc_PNT4 structures c1 and c2 (clipped vertex 1 and clipped vertex 2). When the p3dc_draw_line function is called it checks the clip code and if it needs to use an adjusted version of the line structure it creates a temporary line structure and uses that.
p3dc_clip_point(p3dc_POINT *point)
Returns: int - The integer clip code for the point, only one of:
- CLIP_NONE - point is outside the visible screen, so drop it.
- CLIP_A_B - point is visible so plot it.
This function clips a point structure and returns a code to indicate if the point should actually be drawn. There is one accellerator here in that the vertex outcode is cached for a particular transform so that the clipping routine can do its thing.
$Id: p3dc.htm,v 1.1 1999-08-17 18:32:50-07 cmcmanis Exp $ $Log: p3dc.htm,v $ Revision 1.1 1999/08/18 01:32:50 cmcmanis Initial revision Revision 1.1 1999/07/26 03:11:46 cmcmanis Initial revision


In Pictures: Quiet despair among hold-outs at Hong Kong’s PolyU campus, following days of violent clashes
by Holmes ChanOn Wednesday, Secretary for Security John Lee said that around 900 people had “surrendered” themselves to authorities outside the besieged campus of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
But for the dozens of protesters determined to hold out, the battle was far from over.
The PolyU campus has become one of the most brutal battlefields between pro-democracy demonstrators and police following 24 weeks of protest and unrest.
While students had occupied the school for about a week, clashes only escalated on Sunday after police implemented a high-pressure siege tactic.
Protesters threw bricks, Molotov cocktails, shot arrows, and launched objects from catapults. Police deployed tear gas, two water cannons, armoured trucks, a variety of projectiles, and threatened to use live ammunition.
The violence reached a fever pitch in the early hours of Monday, when riot police conducted a pre-dawn raid at the PolyU main entrance.
But protesters forced police to retreat by using Molotovs, and days later, the university’s foyer still showed scars of the battle.
With the world watching, the authorities changed tack on Monday night as they sent in mediators to talk the protesters into surrendering. Dozens of demonstrators tried to escape during the lull in the action, but many were apprehended by police officers standing guard.
Teng Jin-guang, the head of PolyU, said on Wednesday evening that around 100 protesters remained on the campus.
“I think students shouldn’t use dangerous means to come out, there is no need to take that risk. They can use peaceful means to come out. A lot of people came out and the process was peaceful, safe and fair,” Teng told reporters.
The government has said that any adult walking out of PolyU will be arrested for taking part in a riot.
On the red-brick campus, an atmosphere of deceptive calm masked an undercurrent of despair.
“We will never surrender. We won’t walk out of those doors. We would rather die, before being arrested.”
A costly battle
Since Monday, the trapped protesters have come to realise the full implications of making their stand at PolyU.
Not only were they facing imminent arrests, many of their supporters intent on “rescuing” them have been arrested by police as well.
At a wall in PolyU, a protester scrawled an apology. “To all comrades: This time we didn’t prepare well at PolyU, and brought a lot of trouble to everyone. We are very sorry.”
Next to the graffiti another wrote: “It’s okay, we forgive you.”
Similar to the clashes at the Chinese University of Hong Kong a week before, the siege of PolyU became a point of grievance for some – speaking to HKFP, a protester who called herself Wing expressed some bitterness.
“At first we hoped that the ‘Blossom everywhere’ protests could break the police stranglehold,” she said, referring to the hundreds of people who took to the streets on Sunday and Monday in a rescue attempt.
“But they never managed to break through police lines. So we had no reinforcements, and we had no openings [to escape]. And here we are.”
The only bright spot was the dramatic escape by some protesters on Monday night, shimmying down ropes and dashing away on motorbikes. It remains unclear how many protesters successfully fled the police encirclement.
Others chose to leave with the mediators – which included pro-Beijing veteran Jasper Tsang, legal scholar Eric Cheung and a host of secondary school principals – or were carried out by paramedics.
Wing said she understood some people have good reasons for leaving, but one way or another, every new departure meant that the protesters in the campus were losing strength.
“On Sunday we didn’t know if we would win, but at least we had strength in numbers and it was comforting,” she said.
PolyU on Wednesday was quiet, with much of the hubbub coming from journalists or social workers looking for conversation.
Supplies were strewn all across the ground, including ingredients for Molotov cocktails, but the production line activity had halted.
Also strewn on the ground was a sports bow. On Sunday, police said that an officer was hit by an arrow in the calf, causing an injury that was not life-threatening but required hospitalisation.
Nearby was a pile of discarded clothes, all dyed blue by the liquid fired from the police water cannon. The liquid was laced with strong irritants, and hundreds of protesters had to take showers on campus after being hit.
At a student amenities building, the symbolic Goddess of Democracy – based on the statue built by Tiananmen Square protesters during the 1989 pro-democracy movement in Beijing – was adorned with a hardhat, shield and bags of saline.
Draped across the statue was a flag bearing the familiar slogan: “Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our time.”
Most protesters who spoke to HKFP acknowledged that the siege was likely in its final stages. One protester who gave his surname as Yeung said: “Sending in the mediators was a ploy. The message from the police is: do you want us to force our way in? We could do that, or you could give yourself up.”
He said that he had spoken to Julian Law, a former political aide of John Tsang when Tsang tried to run for chief executive. As one of the government-approved mediators, Law was considered the figure protesters would find most sympathetic.
However, even persuasion had its limits: “This conflict only happened because something went very wrong in Hong Kong society. Even if you convince me, even if you brainwash me, that solves nothing. I’m not the crux [of the problem].”
As the siege of PolyU enters its fifth day, there is hardly any resolution in sight. Police have said they will not storm the campus, but protesters have learnt not to take law enforcement at their word.
At the heart of the campus, protesters have laid down pieces of cloth to send a desperate message: “SOS.”
Hong Kong Free Press relies on direct reader support. Help safeguard independent journalism and press freedom as we invest more in freelancers, overtime, safety gear & insurance during this summer’s protests. 10 ways to support us.


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7 pm Tuesday, March 3, on WILL-TV
Sept. 14 to Sept. 24 or 27: Masterpiece and Mysteries Tour
8 pm Sunday, March 8, on WILL-TV: Sneak peak at the final season.
Watch the latest episodes.


RoboRadio (working title) was created with chronic music-shufflers in mind.
Our mission is to focus on quality rather than quantity to deliver the best music streams and variety that the world has to offer.
Known issues: Sometimes a music-stream may be unavailable [if it is full or offline] When this happens you will see the speaker animation, but there will be no sound.
This is normal and we have no control over it because we rely on external sources for our streams.
Blob Toy originally created by Gerard Ferrandez licensed under MIT.
Bubbles Game originally created by Jon Kantner licensed under MIT.
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The Virgin Suicides **1/2
Rated on a 4-star scale Screening venue: Odeon (Liverpool City Centre) Released in the UK by Pathé on May 19, 2000; certificate 15; 97 minutes; country of origin USA; aspect ratio 1.85:1
Directed by Sofia Coppola; produced by Francis Ford Coppola, Julie Costanzo, Chris Hanley, Dan Halsted. Written by Sofia Coppola; based on the novel by Jeffrey Eugenides. Photographed by Edward Lachman; edited by James Lyons, Melissa Kent.
CAST..... James Woods..... Ronald A. Lisbon Kathleen Turner..... Mrs. Lisbon Kirsten Dunst..... Lux Lisbon Josh Hartnett..... Trip Fontaine A.J. Cook..... Mary Lisbon Hanna Hall..... Cecilia Lisbon Leslie Hayman..... Therese Lisbon Chelse Swain..... Bonnie Lisbon Anthony DeSimmone..... Chase Buell Lee Kagan..... David Barker Robert Schwartzman..... Paul Baldino Noah Shebib..... Parkie Denton
As I walked out of "The Virgin Suicides", confused, and depressed about my confusion, a fellow member of the audience, whose girlfriend had walked ahead to the bathroom, struck up a conversation with me. "A bit strange, that, wasn't it?" he began. "I didn't get it," I replied. "Don't think it went down well. Not sure what it was about." "No, me neither. I've read the book..." "Was that a lot different?" "Not exactly, but... it was more metaphorical... this, I just didn't get it."
And I really didn't. I was glad to see that my view was shared; I'd considered that maybe my knowledge of the source material was distracting me, but perhaps that wasn't the problem at all. "The Virgin Suicides" is haunting in its performances, and engaging in its parts, but is also unbelievably bewildering, and not in the way it intends to be.
The setting is suburban America, 1975. Cecilia Lisbon (Hanna Hall), a 13-year old daughter of a boring maths teacher (James Woods) and a strict homemaker (Kathleen Turner), kills herself by jumping from her bedroom window. There are four other siblings in the household: 14-year old Lux (Kirsten Dunst), 15-year old Bonnie (Chelse Swain), 16-year old Mary (A.J. Cook) and 17-year old Therese (Leslie Hayman).
The neighbourhood lads are fascinated by these beautiful creatures, and a grown-up version of one of them narrates the movie, which depicts the year following Cecilia's death. The boys try to gauge the girls' emotions, mix with them, judge what's going on in their household. And when the event suggested by the title happens, it is they who discover the corpses.
As a novel by Jeffrey Eugenides, "The Virgin Suicides" was about men who had not been able to come to terms with growing up. The Lisbon sisters were simply emblems of an adolescent male illusion of perfection, and in wondering why they had ended their lives, the flustered, elegiac narrator was really trying to figure out what happened to childhood innocence.
At times, Sofia Coppola's film adaptation seems to be trying to recapture that sense of confusion, mystery and loss. The voice-over narration, beautifully delivered by Giovanni Ribisi, speaks of "having pieces of the puzzle, but not being able to put them together" and "arguing about it still". But the movie contradicts this by unfolding like a straight drama, and seeing the girls too clearly as real people. It spends more time in the Lisbon household than it does with the boys, even though it wants to keep the Lisbon girls a mystery, and see things from the boys' point of view.
I can't quite give the movie a negative review, because I do concur with the critical consensus that Coppola has made an impressive directorial debut. Her most famous previous work was as an actress in "The Godfather, Part III", where she wasn't terribly good. "The Virgin Suicides" reveals her control over other performers, and strong ability to evoke a sense of time and place. I just don't think it works as an enigmatic mood piece. It wants to wonder about events, and yet show them onscreen as well. What's going on?
COPYRIGHT(c) 2000 Ian Waldron-Mantgani Please visit, and encourage others to visit, the UK Critic's website at http://members.aol.com/ukcritic
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Please excuse the clickbait title, but I didn’t know how else to get you Steemians to read about some old crazy trading stamp booklets your great-grandma used to spend hours managing while your great-grandpa fell asleep in his favorite chair after dinner. But that’s what this article is about - the virtual currency that history has almost forgotten.
Recently, at the Woodstock of Capitalism, Warren Buffett and his elder sidekick Charles Munger gathered to dish dirt, talk investing, and dispense folksy aphorisms at the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting.
The Statler-and-Wardorf-type couple’s comments about cryptocurrency were one of the most referenced quotes, at least in my little circle of cryptoficionados, during the three day orgy of discounted shopping, investor presentations, interviews, a 5K, and most importantly STEAK!!!
Qz reported the gist of the matter in a piece they published on May 5. Buffett warned, “Cryptocurrencies will come to bad endings,” while Munger claimed, “To me, it’s just dementia.
But come on, one guy is 87 and the other is 94! You can’t expect them to understand crypto. Besides, these are the guys that missed Apple even as late as 2011 when they plowed over $10 billion into IBM as a supposedly superior alternative. Had they invested in The Big Fruit back when its founder Steve Jobs died, which many people at the time recognized was a very big and very juicy buying opportunity, they would have nearly quadrupled their money!
As it stands, Berkshire exited IBM at a loss (Hey! You can’t win ‘em all). And they have a $45 billion-plus stake in the iPhone maker any way. To long-time followers of Buffett like myself, it must seem like we are getting close to Senile Buffett stage. It’s really Bizarro Land to see Berkshire have any tech stock, much less make it the single biggest investment position in the entire world for a non-fund. When I was a kid, the Buffett I knew didn’t invest in tech stocks because “there is no margin of safety” and he “just doesn’t understand” them.
Well, things change it seems.
And Buffett’s stance towards crypto will change, too. It’s my belief that if he had enough time remaining in his life, he’d come around to liking cryptocurrencies eventually as well. It may be some future as-yet-undreamed-of coin or, heck, it could even be Ethereum a few years from now! After all, this week also saw reports from Forbes nonetheless claiming that the tech wunderkind behind Apple himself, Steve Wozniak, “was extremely upbeat about Ethereum and described it as a platform that was just like Apple’s and could become as influential as his company became.”
Why is it an inevitable conclusion that, if given the time, Buffett would eventually embrace crypto? Well, first of all, he sure did come around on Apple in the end, didn’t he? And second of all, well, that will require me to tell a story. So sit back and let me regale you with the tale of Blue Chip Stamps.
Buffett biographer Alice Schroeder discusses the importance of one investment in particular that changed the trajectory of Buffett’s investment career. It was one of the few prescient buys that cemented the most important partnership of his life, bringing him the human version of Waldorf to his own Statler.
From Schroeder’s excellent work The Snowball:
He and Munger had also discovered another company they saw as promising and were buying as much stock of it as they could. This was Blue Chip Stamps, a trading-stamp company. They would buy it separately and together, and over the course of time Blue Chip would dramatically reshape the course of both men’s careers.
To describe what Blue Chip was as a company, you must travel back to a post-war time when mothers and grandmothers paid for groceries with cash and often had a few choices for their daily shopping available to them within walking distance of their home. As part of the change from their transaction and as a way to encourage repeat business, they would receive a fistful of stamps, stamps that were essentially a marketing giveaway, an early version of today’s retail loyalty rewards programs. Customers eventually accumulated enough stamps to paste into little booklets and claim the modest reward of a blender, a television, a radio, a fishing rod, a tetherball set, etc. The most popular item to acquire with trading stamps was a toaster.
These trading stamps were a fun free way to get cool stuff without influencing the rest of the household budget. Postwar consumers hoarded their stamps and collected books full of them and waited for when they could exchange those books for exotic items they would otherwise be unable to afford.
By the 1960s, there were so many trading stamp companies vying for customers that the competition drove them to accept just about anything as long as it was equal to the cash value of the collected stamps, which was something like $1.60 per 1,000 stamps. Crazy acquisitions in history via trading stamp include a Cessna airplane, a pair of gorillas (5.4 million S&H Green Stamps), a donkey for an overseas church missionary, an elephant, and a variety of special equipment vehicles like school buses, ambulances, and fire trucks.
By 1964, industry leader Sperry & Hutchinson alone printed three times as many stamps per year as the U.S. Post Office. When we reached “peak trading stamp bubble” (so to speak) in 1969, more than 80% of U.S. households collected them. The S&H redemption catalog had a higher circulation than the Sears Roebuck, which for all you millennials out there is literally the company that defined what it meant to print a catalog.
These loyalty stamps were the byproduct of a rapidly vanishing era of thriftiness. Never waste. Never want. Never go into debt. But what Buffett and Munger liked so much about Blue Chip was not the aura of their youth, but rather the monopoly on stamp production that Blue Chip enjoyed with its vast array of retail partners. This partnership served also to limit the supply of Blue Chip tokens, er, um, stamps. The result was a unique kind of virtual currency that had no intrinsic value beyond what people ascribed to them. And oh did people assign value to them! Not only were the exotic items mentioned previously acquired solely with trading stamps but, in their time, they were literally everywhere.
Schroeder again quotes in her book:
When you had all the major oil companies and grocers giving out a single stamp, it became like money. People would leave their change behind and take the stamps. Morticians gave out stamps. Prostitutes gave them… It was ubiquitous. Everybody had them. People even counterfeited them.
Wait! How did such a sought after asset get unfairly maligned by the market? If everyone had these stamps, why would a bunch of value investors be able to cheaply buy them up hand over fist? The answer to that, my friends, is simple. And is also eerily reminiscent of the current crypto kerfuffle.
Regulation. Stock in Blue Chip Stamps was so cheap because of the specter of regulation. (Sound familiar?). The Department of Justice had the company in their sights, eventually forcing it to sell a part of itself to the grocery chains that it had as its original customers. The industry original S&H had served an antitrust suit against Blue Chip as well. There was a long line of potential lawsuits in the pipeline, too. But when some of these concerns came to the fore for a bit and shares dropped from a high of $25 to $13 a share, Buffett just kept right on buying, using whatever investment vehicle he had available to him at the time that had ready cash.
It’s hard to tell exactly how much money Buffett and Munger made off Blue Chip Stamps - primarily because they used its dwindling cash flows to buy superb companies like See’s Candies and Wesco Financial, companies which are vital parts of their shared empire today.
But rest assured, in today’s dollars, their profit would easily be measured IN THE BILLIONS.
So let’s review, so the next time you hear about Warren Buffett hating on crypto, you too can recount the story of Blue Chip Stamps. Buffett and his most trusted investment partners sunk close to $100 million, which was at the time surely a princely sum, to buy a virtual currency of limited supply with no intrinsic value that was about to run the gauntlet against a whole host of regulators…
And when they were in their 40s, they looked at this situation, not unlike the current cryptoasset markets at all, and decided upon one simple course of action:
AWL EEN!
This page is synchronized from the post: When it Comes to Crypto, Elder Buffett is a Hypocrite Middle-Aged Buffett Would Not Tolerate


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This document describes the breaking changes in v16, and how to migrate. You can find the complete changelog here.
In v15, Please used to be distributed with all its tools for the core languages: Go, Java, Python, and C++.
In v16, Please will download its tools on demand through build rules in the new internal
//_please/...
package.
Please also now installs the Please wrapper script, pleasew
, onto the path instead of
a symlink to the active Please version. This is more robust as it doesn't change between version upgrades
solving the rare case where Please would simply vanish off the path.
Please v16 now support go 1.16 through use of the go_module()
rules.
For context, go_get()
will recompile certain packages from source instead of using the
already compiled package. This doesn't work with the new fingerprinting introduced in go 1.15.
Going forward, go_get()
will be deprecated in favour of
go_module()
. For the most part, they work similarly, however there are a
few differences. Essentially:
go_get(
name = "some_module_foo",
# go_get allows you to include the package to install in the get url
get = "example.com/some/module/foo/...",
revision = "v1.0.0",
)
Will become:
go_module(
name = "some_module_foo",
# This must be a valid module name i.e. should match the go.mod
module = "example.com/some/module",
version = "v1.0.0",
# The packages to install have to be supplied differently
install = ["foo/..."],
)
For more information on using go_module()
, check out the
codelab.
There have been a couple small changes to the go rules. Most notably, a long standing issue where Please was pulling in all transitive dependencies for tests has been fixed. This means that tests now compile a lot faster, however you have to be explicit about your dependencies.
Any package imported by a .go
file must have a corresponding entry in the
deps = []
list. To help with migrating and keeping these up to date, you can use
wollemi, a tool to automatically
create and update your go rules.
In v15, Please would allow you to import the package example.com/module
, as
example.com/module/module
i.e. duplicating the basename. This import path isn't
technically correct and in v16 will no longer be permitted.
Please now downloads Mavan jars using the conventially naming _sources.jar
. This means
that tools like vs-code can pick them up improving tooling integration. Note that you can expect the hashes of
your third party dependencies to change between v15 and v16.
To update them, simply run:
$ plz hash --update //third_party/java:all
In v15, Please would automatically register the the pleasings repo such that you could reference it
as ///pleasings//...
. In v16 this has been removed for a number of reasons. Most
notably, most users were not using it. Secondly, it's recommended to pin third party dependencies to a specific
version.
If you would like to use build rules from the pleasings repo, you need to add a subrepo to your build graph.
To do this automatically, simply run plz init pleasings
.
This flag was deprecated, and now has been removed. If you wish to force Please to rebuild or retest a
target, use --rebuild
and --rerun
respectively. If you would
actually like to disable the cache, you can override the dir and http cache config settings as such:
$ plz -o cache.dir: -o cache.httpurl: build/test/...
This flag has been superseded by --shell
, which essentially does the same thing,
except it also drops you into the prepared directory.
When configured to upload test results, Please will no longer populate stdout or stderr on success. This
massively saves space. There's also a new config option to gzip the test results to further reduce space
requirements. If this output is required, set the config option
Test.StoreTestOutputOnSuccess
, to true. For more information on how to configure this,
see the docs here.


Get in touch with Bracken
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Join Our Team
Bracken Paving is committed to providing an environment where employees can develop both personally and professionally. We encourage and support training and development on every level of the company to reflect Bracken Paving's core values. Those same values influence, guide and define our team's behavior.
The goal at Bracken Paving is to elevate the current perception of the construction industry by investing in, and being more dedicated to, our employees. We are continually looking for qualified applicants who can share in our vision. We like to hear from enthusiastic, reliable, hard-working people who are interested in careers in the paving industry, as well as increasing their personal potential in life.
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Our positions require high-energy, motivated, relational team players that can exceed our high expectations. We understand that a compensation package needs to be very aggressive in order to continue building our high performance team. Apply online by clicking the link at the bottom of this page. All information received will be held in strict confidence.
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If this seems like an environment you'd like to be a part of, please call us at number , email us at email , or visit us at our shop located at ???
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Thank you for your interest in our company. We look forward to hearing from you soon.


[§321-354] Rules. The director, in consultation with the council, private agencies, users of services under this part, and other interested parties, may adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 to carry out the purposes of this part. [L 1989, c 107, pt of §2]


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object javax.swing.text.html.HTML.Attribute
public static final class HTML.Attribute
Typesafe enumeration representing an HTML attribute.
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
String |
toString()
Returns the string representation of this attribute. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final HTML.Attribute SIZE
public static final HTML.Attribute COLOR
public static final HTML.Attribute CLEAR
public static final HTML.Attribute BACKGROUND
public static final HTML.Attribute BGCOLOR
public static final HTML.Attribute TEXT
public static final HTML.Attribute LINK
public static final HTML.Attribute VLINK
public static final HTML.Attribute ALINK
public static final HTML.Attribute WIDTH
public static final HTML.Attribute HEIGHT
public static final HTML.Attribute ALIGN
public static final HTML.Attribute NAME
public static final HTML.Attribute HREF
public static final HTML.Attribute REL
public static final HTML.Attribute REV
public static final HTML.Attribute TITLE
public static final HTML.Attribute TARGET
public static final HTML.Attribute SHAPE
public static final HTML.Attribute COORDS
public static final HTML.Attribute ISMAP
public static final HTML.Attribute NOHREF
public static final HTML.Attribute ALT
public static final HTML.Attribute ID
public static final HTML.Attribute SRC
public static final HTML.Attribute HSPACE
public static final HTML.Attribute VSPACE
public static final HTML.Attribute USEMAP
public static final HTML.Attribute LOWSRC
public static final HTML.Attribute CODEBASE
public static final HTML.Attribute CODE
public static final HTML.Attribute ARCHIVE
public static final HTML.Attribute VALUE
public static final HTML.Attribute VALUETYPE
public static final HTML.Attribute TYPE
public static final HTML.Attribute CLASS
public static final HTML.Attribute STYLE
public static final HTML.Attribute LANG
public static final HTML.Attribute FACE
public static final HTML.Attribute DIR
public static final HTML.Attribute DECLARE
public static final HTML.Attribute CLASSID
public static final HTML.Attribute DATA
public static final HTML.Attribute CODETYPE
public static final HTML.Attribute STANDBY
public static final HTML.Attribute BORDER
public static final HTML.Attribute SHAPES
public static final HTML.Attribute NOSHADE
public static final HTML.Attribute COMPACT
public static final HTML.Attribute START
public static final HTML.Attribute ACTION
public static final HTML.Attribute METHOD
public static final HTML.Attribute ENCTYPE
public static final HTML.Attribute CHECKED
public static final HTML.Attribute MAXLENGTH
public static final HTML.Attribute MULTIPLE
public static final HTML.Attribute SELECTED
public static final HTML.Attribute ROWS
public static final HTML.Attribute COLS
public static final HTML.Attribute DUMMY
public static final HTML.Attribute CELLSPACING
public static final HTML.Attribute CELLPADDING
public static final HTML.Attribute VALIGN
public static final HTML.Attribute HALIGN
public static final HTML.Attribute NOWRAP
public static final HTML.Attribute ROWSPAN
public static final HTML.Attribute COLSPAN
public static final HTML.Attribute PROMPT
public static final HTML.Attribute HTTPEQUIV
public static final HTML.Attribute CONTENT
public static final HTML.Attribute LANGUAGE
public static final HTML.Attribute VERSION
public static final HTML.Attribute N
public static final HTML.Attribute FRAMEBORDER
public static final HTML.Attribute MARGINWIDTH
public static final HTML.Attribute MARGINHEIGHT
public static final HTML.Attribute SCROLLING
public static final HTML.Attribute NORESIZE
public static final HTML.Attribute ENDTAG
public static final HTML.Attribute COMMENT
| Method Detail |
|---|
public String toString()
toString
in class Object
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Image AR using OpenCV
This is a 2D Feature Tracking demo..
Take a photo
Access a camera
Image AR and 3D Mask
This is a NTF(Natural Feature Tracking) demo.
Take a photo
Access a camera
Image AR and Video Mask
This is a NTF(Natural Feature Tracking) demo.
Take a photo
Access a camera


Mark William
Designation
Profile Info
Professional Info
Reset Password
Alert
- SMS
James Alexander
Designation
Active
James Alexander
Designation
Active
Roles
- SuperAdmin
Creat Role & Define Access
- User Management
Email New
| Status | Action | |
|---|---|---|
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Active | | |
SMS New
| Mobile Number | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|
|<PHONE_NUMBER> | Active | | |
Support
Allow access to Qubercomm Support
| M A Chidambram Stadium | Off On |
| Regus Enterprise | Off On |
- Enable this when requested by Qubercomm support team
- By enabling this, you are granting Qubercomm support with temporary administrator-level access
- This grant for access will be automatically revoked after 7 days.
Licence
Licence Subscriptions
| Licence for | Purchased on | Expires on | Time Left |
|---|---|---|---|
Guest Pass
| Name | Mobile No | Allowed Network | Expires on | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jack |<PHONE_NUMBER> | Qubercomm | 21st Oct 2016 | Expried |
| Thomas |<PHONE_NUMBER> | Qubercomm | 1st Nov 2016 | Active |


Movie Booking App
Pick a movie :
Joker ($12)
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We invite professionals having expertise in certain fields (e.g. Email Marketing, Branding, Infrastructure Scaling, Feature phone expertise etc.) to help specific problems or challenges our companies are facing.
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
// This code was generated by a tool.
// Runtime Version:4.0.30319.239
//
// Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
// the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
namespace LGP.Modules.PolicyEditor.Properties {
using System;
/// <summary>
/// A strongly-typed resource class, for looking up localized strings, etc.
/// </summary>
// This class was auto-generated by the StronglyTypedResourceBuilder
// class via a tool like ResGen or Visual Studio.
// To add or remove a member, edit your .ResX file then rerun ResGen
// with the /str option, or rebuild your VS project.
[global::System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Resources.Tools.StronglyTypedResourceBuilder", "<IP_ADDRESS>")]
[global::System.Diagnostics.DebuggerNonUserCodeAttribute()]
[global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CompilerGeneratedAttribute()]
internal class Resources {
private static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager resourceMan;
private static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo resourceCulture;
[global::System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1811:AvoidUncalledPrivateCode")]
internal Resources() {
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns the cached ResourceManager instance used by this class.
/// </summary>
[global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
internal static global::System.Resources.ResourceManager ResourceManager {
get {
if (object.ReferenceEquals(resourceMan, null)) {
global::System.Resources.ResourceManager temp = new global::System.Resources.ResourceManager("LGP.Modules.PolicyEditor.Properties.Resources", typeof(Resources).Assembly);
resourceMan = temp;
}
return resourceMan;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Overrides the current thread's CurrentUICulture property for all
/// resource lookups using this strongly typed resource class.
/// </summary>
[global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableAttribute(global::System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
internal static global::System.Globalization.CultureInfo Culture {
get {
return resourceCulture;
}
set {
resourceCulture = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Add.
/// </summary>
internal static string Add {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Add", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Col :.
/// </summary>
internal static string Col {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Col", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Copy.
/// </summary>
internal static string Copy {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Copy", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Cut.
/// </summary>
internal static string Cut {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Cut", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Delete.
/// </summary>
internal static string Delete {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Delete", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Designer View.
/// </summary>
internal static string Design {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Design", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Code View.
/// </summary>
internal static string Dsl {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Dsl", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Error must be fixed before other row operations can be completed.
/// </summary>
internal static string FixError {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("FixError", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Rule does not validate.
/// </summary>
internal static string Invalidation {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Invalidation", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to New Entry invalid - removing.
/// </summary>
internal static string InvalidEntry {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("InvalidEntry", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Key.
/// </summary>
internal static string Key {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Key", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Lenght :.
/// </summary>
internal static string Lenght {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Lenght", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Ln :.
/// </summary>
internal static string Line {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Line", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Line Numbers.
/// </summary>
internal static string LineNumbers {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("LineNumbers", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Lines :.
/// </summary>
internal static string Lines {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Lines", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Move.
/// </summary>
internal static string Move {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Move", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Ou Identification.
/// </summary>
internal static string OuId {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("OuId", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Paste.
/// </summary>
internal static string Paste {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Paste", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Policy.
/// </summary>
internal static string Policy {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Policy", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Policy Editor.
/// </summary>
internal static string PolicyEditor {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("PolicyEditor", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Policy Rule.
/// </summary>
internal static string PolicyRule {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("PolicyRule", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Redo.
/// </summary>
internal static string Redo {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Redo", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to New Entry blank - removing.
/// </summary>
internal static string RemovingBlank {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("RemovingBlank", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Rename.
/// </summary>
internal static string Rename {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Rename", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Rules.
/// </summary>
internal static string Rules {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Rules", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Save.
/// </summary>
internal static string Save {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Save", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Sel :.
/// </summary>
internal static string Sel {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Sel", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Selected.
/// </summary>
internal static string Selected {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Selected", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Undo.
/// </summary>
internal static string Undo {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("Undo", resourceCulture);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks up a localized string similar to Word wrap.
/// </summary>
internal static string WordWrap {
get {
return ResourceManager.GetString("WordWrap", resourceCulture);
}
}
}
}


Flexible indexing changed the low level fields/terms/docs/positions enumeration APIs. Here are the major changes:
Terms are now binary in nature (arbitrary byte[]), represented by the BytesRef class (which provides an offset + length "slice" into an existing byte[]).
Fields are separately enumerated (Fields.iterator()) from the terms within each field (TermEnum). So instead of this:
TermEnum termsEnum = ...;
while(termsEnum.next()) {
Term t = termsEnum.term();
System.out.println("field=" + t.field() + "; text=" + t.text());
}
Do this:
for(String field : fields) {
Terms terms = fields.terms(field);
TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator(null);
BytesRef text;
while((text = termsEnum.next()) != null) {
System.out.println("field=" + field + "; text=" + text.utf8ToString());
}
}
TermDocs is renamed to DocsEnum. Instead of this:
while(td.next()) {
int doc = td.doc();
...
}
do this:
int doc;
while((doc = td.next()) != DocsEnum.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
...
}
Instead of this:
if (td.skipTo(target)) {
int doc = td.doc();
...
}
do this:
if ((doc=td.advance(target)) != DocsEnum.NO_MORE_DOCS) {
...
}
TermPositions is renamed to DocsAndPositionsEnum, and no longer extends the docs only enumerator (DocsEnum).
Deleted docs are no longer implicitly filtered from docs/positions enums. Instead, you pass a Bits skipDocs (set bits are skipped) when obtaining the enums. Also, you can now ask a reader for its deleted docs.
The docs/positions enums cannot seek to a term. Instead, TermsEnum is able to seek, and then you request the docs/positions enum from that TermsEnum.
TermsEnum's seek method returns more information. So instead of this:
Term t;
TermEnum termEnum = reader.terms(t);
if (t.equals(termEnum.term())) {
...
}
do this:
TermsEnum termsEnum = ...;
BytesRef text;
if (termsEnum.seek(text) == TermsEnum.SeekStatus.FOUND) {
...
}
SeekStatus also contains END (enumerator is done) and NOT_FOUND (term was not found but enumerator is now positioned to the next term).
TermsEnum has an ord() method, returning the long numeric ordinal (ie, first term is 0, next is 1, and so on) for the term it's not positioned to. There is also a corresponding seek(long ord) method. Note that these methods are optional; in particular the MultiFields TermsEnum does not implement them.
How you obtain the enums has changed. The primary entry point is the Fields class. If you know your reader is a single segment reader, do this:
Fields fields = reader.Fields();
if (fields != null) {
...
}
If the reader might be multi-segment, you must do this:
Fields fields = MultiFields.getFields(reader);
if (fields != null) {
...
}
The fields may be null (eg if the reader has no fields).
Note that the MultiFields approach entails a performance hit on MultiReaders, as it must merge terms/docs/positions on the fly. It's generally better to instead get the sequential readers (use oal.util.ReaderUtil) and then step through those readers yourself, if you can (this is how Lucene drives searches).
If you pass a SegmentReader to MultiFields.fields it will simply return reader.fields(), so there is no performance hit in that case.
Once you have a non-null Fields you can do this:
Terms terms = fields.terms("field");
if (terms != null) {
...
}
The terms may be null (eg if the field does not exist).
Once you have a non-null terms you can get an enum like this:
TermsEnum termsEnum = terms.iterator();
The returned TermsEnum will not be null.
You can then .next() through the TermsEnum, or seek. If you want a DocsEnum, do this:
Bits liveDocs = reader.getLiveDocs();
DocsEnum docsEnum = null;
docsEnum = termsEnum.docs(liveDocs, docsEnum, needsFreqs);
You can pass in a prior DocsEnum and it will be reused if possible.
Likewise for DocsAndPositionsEnum.
IndexReader has several sugar methods (which just go through the above steps, under the hood). Instead of:
Term t;
TermDocs termDocs = reader.termDocs();
termDocs.seek(t);
do this:
Term t;
DocsEnum docsEnum = reader.termDocsEnum(t);
Likewise for DocsAndPositionsEnum.
The field values returned when sorting by SortField.STRING are now BytesRef. You can call value.utf8ToString() to convert back to string, if necessary.
In FieldCache, getStrings (returning String[]) has been replaced with getTerms (returning a FieldCache.DocTerms instance). DocTerms provides a getTerm method, taking a docID and a BytesRef to fill (which must not be null), and it fills it in with the reference to the bytes for that term.
If you had code like this before:
String[] values = FieldCache.DEFAULT.getStrings(reader, field);
...
String aValue = values[docID];
you can do this instead:
DocTerms values = FieldCache.DEFAULT.getTerms(reader, field);
...
BytesRef term = new BytesRef();
String aValue = values.getTerm(docID, term).utf8ToString();
Note however that it can be costly to convert to String, so it's better to work directly with the BytesRef.
Similarly, in FieldCache, getStringIndex (returning a StringIndex instance, with direct arrays int[] order and String[] lookup) has been replaced with getTermsIndex (returning a FieldCache.DocTermsIndex instance). DocTermsIndex provides the getOrd(int docID) method to lookup the int order for a document, lookup(int ord, BytesRef reuse) to lookup the term from a given order, and the sugar method getTerm(int docID, BytesRef reuse) which internally calls getOrd and then lookup.
If you had code like this before:
StringIndex idx = FieldCache.DEFAULT.getStringIndex(reader, field);
...
int ord = idx.order[docID];
String aValue = idx.lookup[ord];
you can do this instead:
DocTermsIndex idx = FieldCache.DEFAULT.getTermsIndex(reader, field);
...
int ord = idx.getOrd(docID);
BytesRef term = new BytesRef();
String aValue = idx.lookup(ord, term).utf8ToString();
Note however that it can be costly to convert to String, so it's better to work directly with the BytesRef.
DocTermsIndex also has a getTermsEnum() method, which returns an iterator (TermsEnum) over the term values in the index (ie, iterates ord = 0..numOrd()-1).
StringComparatorLocale is now more CPU costly than it was before (it was already very CPU costly since it does not compare using indexed collation keys; use CollationKeyFilter for better performance), since it converts BytesRef -> String on the fly. Also, the field values returned when sorting by SortField.STRING are now BytesRef.
FieldComparator.StringOrdValComparator has been renamed to TermOrdValComparator, and now uses BytesRef for its values. Likewise for StringValComparator, renamed to TermValComparator. This means when sorting by SortField.STRING or SortField.STRING_VAL (or directly invoking these comparators) the values returned in the FieldDoc.fields array will be BytesRef not String. You can call the .utf8ToString() method on the BytesRef instances, if necessary.
Instead of IndexReader.isDeleted, do this:
import org.apache.lucene.util.Bits;
import org.apache.lucene.index.MultiFields;
Bits liveDocs = MultiFields.getLiveDocs(indexReader);
if (liveDocs != null && !liveDocs.get(docID)) {
// document is deleted...
}
The abstract class IndexReader has been refactored to expose only essential methods to access stored fields during display of search results. It is no longer possible to retrieve terms or postings data from the underlying index, not even deletions are visible anymore. You can still pass IndexReader as constructor parameter to IndexSearcher and execute your searches; Lucene will automatically delegate procedures like query rewriting and document collection atomic subreaders.
If you want to dive deeper into the index and want to write own queries, take a closer look at the new abstract sub-classes AtomicReader and CompositeReader:
AtomicReader instances are now the only source of Terms, Postings, DocValues and FieldCache. Queries are forced to execute on a Atomic reader on a per-segment basis and FieldCaches are keyed by AtomicReaders.
Its counterpart CompositeReader exposes a utility method to retrieve its composites. But watch out, composites are not necessarily atomic. Next to the added type-safety we also removed the notion of index-commits and version numbers from the abstract IndexReader, the associations with IndexWriter were pulled into a specialized DirectoryReader. To open Directory-based indexes use DirectoryReader.open(), the corresponding method in IndexReader is now deprecated for easier migration. Only DirectoryReader supports commits, versions, and reopening with openIfChanged(). Terms, postings, docvalues, and norms can from now on only be retrieved using AtomicReader; DirectoryReader and MultiReader extend CompositeReader, only offering stored fields and access to the sub-readers (which may be composite or atomic).
If you have more advanced code dealing with custom Filters, you might have noticed another new class hierarchy in Lucene (see LUCENE-2831): IndexReaderContext with corresponding Atomic-/CompositeReaderContext.
The move towards per-segment search Lucene 2.9 exposed lots of custom Queries and Filters that couldn't handle it. For example, some Filter implementations expected the IndexReader passed in is identical to the IndexReader passed to IndexSearcher with all its advantages like absolute document IDs etc. Obviously this "paradigm-shift" broke lots of applications and especially those that utilized cross-segment data structures (like Apache Solr).
In Lucene 4.0, we introduce IndexReaderContexts "searcher-private" reader hierarchy. During Query or Filter execution Lucene no longer passes raw readers down Queries, Filters or Collectors; instead components are provided an AtomicReaderContext (essentially a hierarchy leaf) holding relative properties like the document-basis in relation to the top-level reader. This allows Queries & Filter to build up logic based on document IDs, albeit the per-segment orientation.
There are still valid use-cases where top-level readers ie. "atomic views" on the index are desirable. Let say you want to iterate all terms of a complete index for auto-completion or faceting, Lucene provides utility wrappers like SlowCompositeReaderWrapper (LUCENE-2597) emulating an AtomicReader. Note: using "atomicity emulators" can cause serious slowdowns due to the need to merge terms, postings, DocValues, and FieldCache, use them with care!
The method IndexReader#getSequentialSubReaders() was moved to CompositeReader (see LUCENE-2858, LUCENE-3733) and made protected. It is solely used by CompositeReader itself to build its reader tree. To get all atomic leaves of a reader, use IndexReader#leaves(), which also provides the doc base of each leave. Readers that are already atomic return itself as leaf with doc base 0. To emulate Lucene 3.x getSequentialSubReaders(), use getContext().children().
Lucene's core and contrib analyzers, along with Solr's analyzers, were consolidated into lucene/analysis. During the refactoring some package names have changed, and ReusableAnalyzerBase was renamed to Analyzer:
The option to use a Collator's order (instead of binary order) for sorting and range queries has been moved to lucene/queries. The Collated TermRangeQuery/Filter has been moved to SlowCollatedTermRangeQuery/Filter, and the collated sorting has been moved to SlowCollatedStringComparator.
Note: this functionality isn't very scalable and if you are using it, consider indexing collation keys with the collation support in the analysis module instead.
To perform collated range queries, use a suitable collating analyzer: CollationKeyAnalyzer or ICUCollationKeyAnalyzer, and set qp.setAnalyzeRangeTerms(true).
TermRangeQuery and TermRangeFilter now work purely on bytes. Both have helper factory methods (newStringRange) similar to the NumericRange API, to easily perform range queries on Strings.
Lucene's o.a.l.search.function ValueSource based functionality, was consolidated into lucene/queries along with Solr's similar functionality. The following classes were moved:
The following lists the replacement classes for those removed:
DocValues are now named FunctionValues, to not confuse with Lucene's per-document values.
The existing "Similarity" api is now TFIDFSimilarity, if you were extending Similarity before, you should likely extend this instead.
Weight.normalize no longer takes a norm value that incorporates the top-level boost from outer queries such as BooleanQuery, instead it takes 2 parameters, the outer boost (topLevelBoost) and the norm. Weight.sumOfSquaredWeights has been renamed to Weight.getValueForNormalization().
The scorePayload method now takes a BytesRef. It is never null.
Lucene's core o.a.l.queryParser QueryParsers have been consolidated into lucene/queryparser, where other QueryParsers from the codebase will also be placed. The following classes were moved:
With this change, the indexing details (indexed, tokenized, norms, indexOptions, stored, etc.) are moved into a separate FieldType instance (rather than being stored directly on the Field).
This means you can create the FieldType instance once, up front, for a given field, and then re-use that instance whenever you instantiate the Field.
Certain field types are pre-defined since they are common cases:
If your usage fits one of those common cases you can simply instantiate the above class. If you need to store the value, you can add a separate StoredField to the document, or you can use TYPE_STORED for the field:
Field f = new Field("field", "value", StringField.TYPE_STORED);
Alternatively, if an existing type is close to what you want but you need to make a few changes, you can copy that type and make changes:
FieldType bodyType = new FieldType(TextField.TYPE_STORED);
bodyType.setStoreTermVectors(true);
You can of course also create your own FieldType from scratch:
FieldType t = new FieldType();
t.setIndexed(true);
t.setStored(true);
t.setOmitNorms(true);
t.setIndexOptions(IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS);
t.freeze();
FieldType has a freeze() method to prevent further changes.
There is also a deprecated transition API, providing the same Index, Store, TermVector enums from 3.x, and Field constructors taking these enums.
When migrating from the 3.x API, if you did this before:
new Field("field", "value", Field.Store.NO, Field.Indexed.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS)
you can now do this:
new StringField("field", "value")
(though note that StringField indexes DOCS_ONLY).
If instead the value was stored:
new Field("field", "value", Field.Store.YES, Field.Indexed.NOT_ANALYZED_NO_NORMS)
you can now do this:
new Field("field", "value", StringField.TYPE_STORED)
If you didn't omit norms:
new Field("field", "value", Field.Store.YES, Field.Indexed.NOT_ANALYZED)
you can now do this:
FieldType ft = new FieldType(StringField.TYPE_STORED);
ft.setOmitNorms(false);
new Field("field", "value", ft)
If you did this before (value can be String or Reader):
new Field("field", value, Field.Store.NO, Field.Indexed.ANALYZED)
you can now do this:
new TextField("field", value)
If instead the value was stored:
new Field("field", value, Field.Store.YES, Field.Indexed.ANALYZED)
you can now do this:
new Field("field", value, TextField.TYPE_STORED)
If in addition you omit norms:
new Field("field", value, Field.Store.YES, Field.Indexed.ANALYZED_NO_NORMS)
you can now do this:
FieldType ft = new FieldType(TextField.TYPE_STORED);
ft.setOmitNorms(true);
new Field("field", value, ft)
If you did this before (bytes is a byte[]):
new Field("field", bytes)
you can now do this:
new StoredField("field", bytes)
If you previously used Document.setBoost, you must now pre-multiply the document boost into each Field.setBoost. If you have a multi-valued field, you should do this only for the first Field instance (ie, subsequent Field instance sharing the same field name should only include their per-field boost and not the document level boost) as the boost for multi-valued field instances are multiplied together by Lucene.
LUCENE-2674: A new idfExplain method was added to Similarity, that accepts an incoming docFreq. If you subclass Similarity, make sure you also override this method on upgrade, otherwise your customizations won't run for certain MultiTermQuerys.
LUCENE-2691: The near-real-time API has moved from IndexWriter to DirectoryReader. Instead of IndexWriter.getReader(), call DirectoryReader.open(IndexWriter) or DirectoryReader.openIfChanged(IndexWriter).
LUCENE-2690: MultiTermQuery boolean rewrites per segment. Also MultiTermQuery.getTermsEnum() now takes an AttributeSource. FuzzyTermsEnum is both consumer and producer of attributes: MTQ.BoostAttribute is added to the FuzzyTermsEnum and MTQ's rewrite mode consumes it. The other way round MTQ.TopTermsBooleanQueryRewrite supplies a global AttributeSource to each segments TermsEnum. The TermsEnum is consumer and gets the current minimum competitive boosts (MTQ.MaxNonCompetitiveBoostAttribute).
LUCENE-2374: The backwards layer in AttributeImpl was removed. To support correct reflection of AttributeImpl instances, where the reflection was done using deprecated toString() parsing, you have to now override reflectWith() to customize output. toString() is no longer implemented by AttributeImpl, so if you have overridden toString(), port your customization over to reflectWith(). reflectAsString() would then return what toString() did before.
LUCENE-2236, LUCENE-2912: DefaultSimilarity can no longer be set statically (and dangerously) for the entire JVM. Similarity can now be configured on a per-field basis (via PerFieldSimilarityWrapper) Similarity has a lower-level API, if you want the higher-level vector-space API like in previous Lucene releases, then look at TFIDFSimilarity.
LUCENE-1076: TieredMergePolicy is now the default merge policy. It's able to merge non-contiguous segments; this may cause problems for applications that rely on Lucene's internal document ID assignment. If so, you should instead use LogByteSize/DocMergePolicy during indexing.
LUCENE-3722: Similarity methods and collection/term statistics now take long instead of int (to enable distributed scoring of > 2B docs). For example, in TFIDFSimilarity idf(int, int) is now idf(long, long).
LUCENE-3559: The methods "docFreq" and "maxDoc" on IndexSearcher were removed, as these are no longer used by the scoring system. If you were using these casually in your code for reasons unrelated to scoring, call them on the IndexSearcher's reader instead: getIndexReader(). If you were subclassing IndexSearcher and overriding these methods to alter scoring, override IndexSearcher's termStatistics() and collectionStatistics() methods instead.
LUCENE-3396: Analyzer.tokenStream() and .reusableTokenStream() have been made final. It is now necessary to use Analyzer.TokenStreamComponents to define an analysis process. Analyzer also has its own way of managing the reuse of TokenStreamComponents (either globally, or per-field). To define another Strategy, implement Analyzer.ReuseStrategy.
LUCENE-3464: IndexReader.reopen has been renamed to DirectoryReader.openIfChanged (a static method), and now returns null (instead of the old reader) if there are no changes to the index, to prevent the common pitfall of accidentally closing the old reader.
LUCENE-3687: Similarity#computeNorm() now expects a Norm object to set the computed norm value instead of returning a fixed single byte value. Custom similarities can now set integer, float and byte values if a single byte is not sufficient.
LUCENE-2621: Term vectors are now accessed via flexible indexing API. If you used IndexReader.getTermFreqVector/s before, you should now use IndexReader.getTermVectors. The new method returns a Fields instance exposing the inverted index of the one document. From Fields you can enumerate all fields, terms, positions, offsets.
LUCENE-4227: If you were previously using Instantiated index, you may want to use DirectPostingsFormat after upgrading: it stores all postings in simple arrrays (byte[] for terms, int[] for docs, freqs, positions, offsets). Note that this only covers postings, whereas Instantiated covered all other parts of the index as well.
LUCENE-3309: The expert FieldSelector API has been replaced with StoredFieldVisitor. The idea is the same (you have full control over which fields should be loaded). Instead of a single accept method, StoredFieldVisitor has a needsField method: if that method returns true then the field will be loaded and the appropriate type-specific method will be invoked with that fields's value.
LUCENE-4122: Removed the Payload class and replaced with BytesRef. PayloadAttribute's name is unchanged, it just uses the BytesRef class to refer to the payload bytes/start offset/end offset (or null if there is no payload).


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Help us keep diaspora live at poddery.com
What is this all about?
an attempt to preserve something
Poddery.com, one of the earliest diaspora social networking host is scheduled to close on June 30th, 2013. We want to save this pod.
Diaspora is a culture. A culture against the loss of personal privacy by the corporate social network giants. Diaspora enables you to keep your data with you and provides the flexibility to choose what you share. Since your data is stored on your own computer and not a single company's servers you are in control of your data.
Diaspora, being a distributed system, is actually a network of multiple instances of the software Diaspora. These instances are called pods. You can think of it like a mobile service provider or an email provider. One of the oldest and biggest Diaspora pod, poddery.com is at the verge of closing down. If poddery.com is shut down, it will be a great morale loss to the diaspora culture. It may create an impression that Diaspora pods are not reliable and have no guarantee to run for ever. This campaign is trying to prevent this calamity and protect the diversity. To prevent poddery from closing down so as to refuel the diaspora idea. We are planning to adopt poddery.com from its current guardian and host it ourselves. Poddery.com has 5060 estimated users as per diasp.eu statistics. It is one of the highly rated pods, with an uptime percentage of 100 according to podupti.me.
Who are we?
some of the early adopters of diaspora
We are a community of diaspora users and contributors from early days of diaspora.
The impact
fuel we need to keep this motor running
Your contribution, is literally the fuel we need to keep this motor running. Without that, poddery.com is dead, taking with it the credibility of Diaspora culture. Your contributions will surely make history, a history of a war between a david called privacy and corporate goliath. Your contributions are goliath's pebbles. Provide them and be part of this history. Your contributions, by helping Diaspora, shows the world that we can definitely share what we wish without selling anything to the corporate giants. You control what, whom and when parameters of access regarding your data.
What we want
this is what we are fighting for
- €389 is spent for amazon aws medium instance reserved for 3 years.
- €175 is used to pay for bandwidth, considering 100% increase in bandwidth use per year and 10% increase in bandwidth cost per year by amazon.
- €378 is kept aside for printing and sending T shirts.
- €151 is kept aside for promotion of diaspora like organizing workshops, classes, etc.
- €45 is set aside for paying the previous pod owner for renewal for June.
- All the residual amount is spent for promotion of diaspora and any unexpected expenses occured.
If we do not reach the goal, we will use whatever amount we got to extend the life of poddery.com.
What you get
perks for our generous supporters
- €1 - Name on the "Donors" List
- €4 - Details on the "Donors" List (homepage/blog/any url) and the one above
- €8 - @poddery.com email alias and all the ones above
- €16 - Photo on "Donors" list and all the ones above
- €40 - T Shirt (max 25) and all the ones above
- €80 - Name on front page (max 10) and all the ones above
- €175 - Home Page Logo - size 250x250 (max 6) for one year and all the ones above
- €400 - Sidebar Logo - size 100x100 (every page - max 3) for one year and all the ones above
Spread the word
Let your friends know about us
Share and help us spread the word! Some people just can’t contribute, but that doesn’t mean they can’t help:
- Share the Diaspora philosophy
- Tell your friends why privacy and anonymity became one of the fundamental needs in cyber world
- Get the word out and make some noise about this campaign.
- Use Diaspora, talk Diaspora, be Diaspora
Share
the trick of luring ;)
Find Us
we're here !!
Diaspora Google+ Facebook TwitterAnd that’s all there is to it.


This is a small open-source (static) webapp, hosted on github as iislucas/fitts-experimenter intended to support Fitts-inspired experiments.


- See
http://ptolemy.eecs.berkeley.edu/tycho/Tycho.html
for the various distributions that are available.
- Go to the appropriate page for your platform:
Up to: Tycho Introduction -
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Tycho Home Page
Copyright © 1996-1998, The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.
Last updated: 03/13/98,
comments to: tycho@eecs.berkeley.edu


fyi Coming up on 24hrs of no notarizations on DIMXY4.
Still has false/empty top stack element.
Decided to try mining
Seeing "blocks": 14907,
"currentblocksize": 1000,
"currentblocktx": 0,
"difficulty": 3.629651560511662,
"errors": "",
"genproclimit": 2,
"localsolps": 2.040133779264214,
"networksolps": 0,
"networkhashps": 0,
"pooledtx": 0,
"testnet": false,
"chain": "main",
"staking": false,
"generate": true,
"numthreads": 2


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load bootstrap4 %} {% block content %}
{% if user.profile.hood %}
Neighborhood: You have not yet joined a neighborhood.


If we're finding the last item in a list that meets some criteria, which loop would be the best choice?
Counter controlled loop with a return in the body of the loop.
- For-each loop with a return in the body of the loop.
- For-each loop that only returns after the loop runs.
- Counter controlled loop that only returns after the loop runs.
- Both types of loop can be used, provided the return statement is inside the body of the loop.
- Both types of loop can be used, provided the return statement is outside the body of the loop.
There are no hints for this question