| Classes Summary |
|
AccountLinkEvent
|
A class that represents the event of account link.
Event object for when a user has linked his/her LINE account with a provider's service account.
You can reply to account link events. If the link token has expired or has already been used,
no webhook event will be sent and the user will be shown an error. |
|
UnknownEvent
|
A class that represents the unknown event.
If the event is not supported by this SDK, the event will be instantiate to this. |
|
LeaveEvent
|
A class that represents the event of leaving. |
|
MemberLeaveEvent
|
A class that represents the event of leaving. |
|
BeaconDetectionEvent
|
A class that represents the event of beacon detection. |
|
JoinEvent
|
A class that represents the event of joining. |
|
UnfollowEvent
|
A class that represents the event of unfollowing. |
|
BaseEvent
|
Base class of each events.
Don't instantiate this class individually. |
|
MemberJoinEvent
|
A class that represents the event of joining. |
|
FollowEvent
|
A class that represents the event of following. |
|
PostbackEvent
|
A class that represents the event of postback. |
|
MessageEvent
|
A base class of message event.
Don't instantiate this class individually. |
|
ThingsEvent
|
A class that represents the event of things event. |


UTC +5.30
Voltage: 230 V
Frequency 50 Hz
Sri Lanka rupee (CER or SLRe) of 100 cents.
All foreign currency must be recorded on arrival on a currency declaration form, which is surrendered on departure. Unspent rupees can be reconverted. In Galle only banknotes and travellers' cheques can be changed. Obtaining cash on a credit card is possible only in Colombo. Indian and Pakistani banknotes cannot be imported.
International dialing code for SriLanka is +94.
The prepaid SIM card for Sri Lanka is a practical option for using your existing world phone as a prepaid Sri Lanka cell phone while you’re in the country at a better rate than you’d pay for a Sri Lanka cell phone rental. It’s also a trouble-free ticket to using the same options that the Sri Lankans themselves use—the local Sri Lankan cell phone system. The SIM chip, combined with an unlocked GSM World cell phone, helps you keep the lines of communication open without being burdened by high international roaming surcharges applicable when you use your “home” SIM card abroad. Also enjoy the benefit of SMS text messaging, GPRS, voicemail, a local cell phone number in Sri Lanka, and FREE talk time for the first 30 seconds of all incoming calls.
Fire Service (Colombo) (+94)<PHONE_NUMBER>, 110
Police Emergency Service - Dial 119
Police Emergency (Colombo) - Dial (+94)<PHONE_NUMBER>
Accident Service (General Hospital) - Dial (+94)<PHONE_NUMBER>
Ambulance Services
St. John - Dial (+94)<PHONE_NUMBER>
Sri Lanka Red Cross - Dial (+94)<PHONE_NUMBER>
IMRAY AND ADLARD COLES PILOT BOOKS are available at a discounted price for Noonsite.com users via World Cruising Club
Indian Ocean Cruising Guide
By Rod Heikell
Published by Imray (2nd Edition December 2007)
ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>725
A good general cruising guide covering the routes from Europe to Australia and points in between. The 'Indian Ocean Cruising Guide' covers all the usual points of interest for cruising yachtsmen, from history to climate, weather patterns, formalities, route planning and so on. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and contains a lot of additional information on Malaysia and Thailand, the Seychelles and the Chagos archipelago.
Updates (March 2011)


Welcome
Here's a good way to build formally verified correct software:
- Write your program in an expressive language with a good proof theory
(the Gallina language embedded in Coq's logic).
- Prove it correct in Coq.
- Extract it to ML and compile it with an optimizing ML compiler.
Unfortunately, for some applications you cannot afford to use
a higher-order garbage-collected functional programming language
such as Gallina or ML. Perhaps you are writing an operating-system
kernel, or a bit-shuffling cryptographic primitive, or the
runtime system and garbage-collector of your functional language!
In those cases, you might want to use a low-level imperative systems
programming language such as C.
But you still want your OS, or crypto, or GC, to be correct!
So you should use machine-checked program verification in Coq.
For that purpose:
Use
Verifiable C, a program logic and proof system for C.
What is a program logic? One example of a program logic is
the Hoare logic that you studied in the
Programming Language
Foundations volume of this series. (If you have not done so
already, study the Hoare and Hoare2 chapters of that volume,
and do the exercises.)
Verifiable C is based on Hoare logic, but a 21st-century version:
higher-order impredicative concurrent separation logic. Back
in the 20th century, computer scientists discovered that Hoare Logic
was not very good at verifying programs with pointer data structures;
so
separation logic was developed. Hoare Logic was clumsy at
verifying concurrent programs, so
concurrent separation logic was
developed. Hoare Logic could not handle higher-order object-oriented
programming patterns, or function-closures; so
higher-order
impredicative program logics were developed.
This electronic book is Volume 5 of the
Software Foundations
series, which presents the mathematical underpinnings of reliable
software. The principal novelty of
Software Foundations is that it is one
hundred percent formalized and machine-checked: the entire text is
literally a script for Coq. It is intended to be read alongside an
interactive session with Coq. All the details in the text are fully
formalized in Coq, and the exercises are designed to be worked using
Coq.
Before studying this volume, you should be a competent
user of Coq:
- Study Software Foundations Volume 1 (Logical Foundations), and
do the exercises!
- Study the Hoare and Hoare2 chapters of
Software Foundations Volume 2 (Programming Language Foundations), and
do the exercises!
- Study the Sort, SearchTree, and ADT chapters of
Software Foundations Volume 3 (Verified Functional Algorithms), and
do the exercises!
You will also need a working knowledge of the C programming language.
Practicalities
System Requirements
Coq runs on Windows, Linux, and OS X. The Preface of Volume 1
describes the Coq installation you will need. This edition was
built with Coq 8.9.0.
You must install the Verified Software Toolchain.
Download the latest version from the web site,
http://vst.cs.princeton.edu/download/
(these chapters are currently tested on VST version 2.4, dated 23 April 2019).</p>
and build by doing
make -jN, where
N is the number of
threads your machine can run in parallel (typically twice the
number of cores).
You do not need to install CompCert to do the exercises in this
volume. But if you wish to modify and reparse the .c files,
or verify C programs of your own, install the CompCert verified
optimizing C compiler. Download from compcert.inria.fr (this
volume of Software Foundations you are reading now was tested with
CompCert version 3.4), and
./configure -clightgen x86_32/linux
Downloading the Coq Files
A tar file containing the full sources for the "release version"
of this book (as a collection of Coq scripts and HTML files) is
available at
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~appel/vc/vc.tgz.
(If you are using the book as part of a class, your professor may
give you access to a locally modified version of the files, which
you should use instead of the release version.)
Configuration
Unpack the
vc.tgz tar file into a vc directory.
In this
vc directory, create a one-line CONFIGURE file containing
VST_LOC= /file/path/to/VST
where you replace
/file/path/to/VST with the location of your VST
installation.
If you have installed CompCert, you may add a second line to CONFIGURE,
CC_LOC= /file/path/to/CompCert.
This will allow you to run the CompCert/clightgen program,
which turns (for example)
hash.c into
hash.v. But we have already
produced
hash.v for you, so you would need clightgen only
if you modify or create a .c file.
When running coqc, or CoqIDE, or Proof General, etc., you will
need to give Coq the extra "include flags" that allow it to import
from VST. The Makefile in this
vc directory will build the
_CoqProject file automatically—just do
make or
make _CoqProject.
Exercises
Each chapter includes exercises. Each is marked with a
"star rating," which can be interpreted as follows:
- One star: easy exercises that underscore points in the text
and that, for most readers, should take only a minute or two.
Get in the habit of working these as you reach them.
- Two stars: straightforward exercises (five or ten minutes).
- Three stars: exercises requiring a bit of thought (ten
minutes to half an hour).
- Four and five stars: more difficult exercises (half an hour
and up).
Please do not post solutions to the exercises in any public place:
Software Foundations is widely used both for self-study and for
university courses. Having solutions easily available makes it
much less useful for courses, which typically have graded homework
assignments. The authors especially request that readers not post
solutions to the exercises anyplace where they can be found by
search engines.
For Instructors and Contributors
If you plan to use these materials in your own course, you will
undoubtedly find things you'd like to change, improve, or add.
 Please see the
Preface
to
Logical Foundations for instructions.


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For the past few years, I worked as a Research Assistant for Skidmore College's Sociology and American Studies departments. While I enjoyed my job, I found I was most passionate about that work - solving research queries and breaking problems apart - when I leveraged those same skills in my free-time to study programming. At the beginning of this year, I decided to commit myself fully to programming and enrolled in Epicodus, a four-month long programming bootcamp.
I'm a recent transplant to Portland, OR and when I'm not programming, I like to explore the city on my bike. I also enjoy making terrariums and throwing cups and bowls on the pottery wheel.


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--- layout: page title: Dissecting Python tagline: " inside out" permalink: /python/books/dissecting_python.html categories: [Python Dissection] tags: [book, template] ---
For my tiny family
“I can calculate the motion of heavenly bodies but not the madness of people.”
- Isaac Newton
Programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute."
- Abelson & Sussman, SICP, preface to the first edition
"Short words are best and the old words when short are best of all."
- Winston Churchill
“The glass is neither half empty nor half full. It’s simply larger than it needs to be.”
- Grace Hopper
“Manage things. Lead people.”
- Grace Hopper
Figure 1: An older tutor
This book is about programming machines to execute precisely what humans ordered them to do. It is the same in intention like a slew similar books already written about the same subject. And it is a completely wrong first impression.
It is a fiction book in a wide sense of this word: it has an objective, the subjects and the plot. The principal objective in this book is Python programming language and its usage by humans.
The subjects are students, teachers, books, programmers, software engineers and developers, other professionals related to programming. The plot is a misleading: its natural prerequisites caused by human nature, its past and present in software industry.
Followed by a set of plain deductions it might unlock for a literate
reader a realm of programming
. It is a realm
actually due to the
strict set of certain rules defined by his Majesty Python.
Learning these rules one by one is the only proper way to succeed in
studying programming language as a system.
All what I might propose to you is to serve you as a bit experienced and elder guide on your way to acquire precious knowledge. And it will be a small nudge in the right direction. All what I might propose to you is a fun, joy and glee on this path only. Nothing more, nothing less.
Keep tighter, please.
The task isn't so tough it might seem because the major rules are
naturally entangled. There are only a thriple primals: True
,
False
and None
. The rest are derivatives based on the them.
Undoubtedly it prunes down the lesson. All what you need is to build the tree-like structure of obtained lore in your mind. Of course it requires from reader a lot of perseverance and diligence to achieve a true knack in programming, but it is definetely not a rocket science!
Naturally there are several formal syntactical rules, but all them are naive and would be learn without any effort at all.
A major killer feature of this book is its style: it is not yet
another user manual, journal or TTY input/output spiced with
comments. It might deem a bit strange though. What if the book will
be directly written in programming language
? Initially you will
wittingly immerse in a full-dressed Python-written program text,
the valid program, which might be successfuly executed by
machine, I mean.
Another noticeable discrepancy is a test-driven approach in disclosing programming language features. All material being wrote down as a chain of tests from beginning to the end. Generally speaking the next one based on the previous and you should incessantly compare them one against each over, detect the difference and make conclusions by your own.
In addition I strive to compose each program in a paramount clarity
and density in expectation that instantly the reader
will being
capable to gaze its incredible power and naked beauty from
inside.
The main intention of this book is to take to the reader a chance
to be fun while reading. At the another hand it might be impossible
to write a giddy novel for human readers and an absolutely precise
set of instructions for computer at the same time. Bear it in mind
the text
deliberately splitted into two main chunks by its
purpose: the comments and the program itself. The comments are
for humans only, the program is for two sides of software industry:
it is human-readable and machine-executable simultaneously.
The side effect might be a cramming gap during learning. All material compounded into a monolith by a logical intersection. Thus it is highly welcomed to follow the sequence of chapters by its nature, from first and foremost to the second one, the third etc.
A multiplied repetition in hope to rehearse the chunk of studied material verbatim and forget it forever — short, attractive but lousy way to achieve knowledge. It is a cognition trap. And yes, it is a dogged determination in self-deception. It is an eloquent illustration of redundant, tedious and, in same time, popular way to do things wrong.
All what you are need in is to delve into Python depths leading by an experience guide. That's it.
All articles are short enough to being grasped less than 25
minutes. Self-pace is highly welcomed: going forward only after
you sure that know the present point as a back of your hand. No
need to subdue yourself to read down and down without any
comprehension. It is not a learning at all, it is a foolish
torture. Slow your pace, please. You can't fathom it all of a
sudden
.
A minuscule free time in the early morning before yours breakfast would be an ideal time for learning programming. It is not a joke, guys, moving forward.
Initially at the uprise of programmable machines there was the single set of plain instructions embedded into the automaton. This set was defined by a creator of this machine once, being incompatible with other machines, so it was a life-long program solution for each particular mechanism only.
Further technical evolution produced a new demand: it might being convenient if one particular mechanism obey different set of instructions and thus produce a various sequence of operations. In other words it was demand to easily reprogram machine to do something new.
At programming early beginning there was a machine code only. It is a kind of machine's language by its purpose, thus casual programming obliged an operator with a true wit and grasp in translation from human language into machine code.
The idea of compiler as a middleware between humans and machines exactly for automatic translation was on the tip of the tongue at those days, but implemented by Grace Hopper's titanic efforts and phenomenal persistence only in 50s. It was the basement for all modern high-level programming languages establishment. Since that time and forever it is possible to write program not in machine code only, but utilizing some particular programming language which by its purpose is much human-friendly.
As you might expected what bright win of human ingenuity and infinite lucidity all the sudden became a natural feature in the industry, and it is a wrong conclusion: an old style of writhing machine code begot a source code term initiation and popularization. But what this source code ever means?
It is a code by the definition and it is a source of machine
code before compilation by the intention. These peculiar niceties
allow to write programs as a code, neglecting the most
significant feature of high-level programming language - its
readability, and name this pseudo-program as a source code.
Yes, it is wierd, and in a few cases this transference is
convenient: it permits to type less, to comment nothing at all, to
name variables absolutely meaningless like bar
, foo
, or even
a, b, c, d, e, f, g
!
Yes, seems like things go wrong there: for some vital reasons all specialist in software industry still write only the source code and shrink to switch on writing programs instead. I observe like it goes on and on for several decades already. And seems like nobody capable to take a challenge to erradicate this distortion except me.
Figure 2: Time and efforts spent on debugging
for a casual software developer and often it consumes up to 40% of their efforts to develop and maintain software nowadays.
Figure 3: The average manual for proficiency
“We do not describe the world we see, we see the world we can describe.”
— Rene Descartes
At one hand we have a relatively simple job: to tame a machine to execute the precise sequence of operations utilizing the programming language clear enough to be understood by humans and machines. At another hand we might notice a plethora of manuals, tutorials and intimidatingly large books which take an attempt to dismantle the programming as a professional skill using a plain English commonly and a handful of real code snippets as an unavoidable exclusion out of this rule.
It is straightly inherent to a human nature. Even an experienced professional software developer often can't explain what the machine should do even in a plain English. Misleading in human language should spawn only erroneous decidions with the following often wrong conclusions. The slogan "Keep clear" is a paramount goal of most humans, it is difficult to detour the brain fog after the some time spent in mulling around something enough tough.
There are tons of material and most of it represents programming
language
in an imperative style.
Figure 4: The team
“Youth is easily deceived because it is quick to hope.”
— Aristotle
The median age in a casual team of software developers is something below 30 years. Yes, this is a pledge of physical health, mental flexibility and, in most cases, a squad emotional stability. At the other hand it is too young to be experienced enough to perceive reality as a sum of events in the past.
Yes, 30 years old for human being intellectually is like a new born toddler physically. They capable to do anything, but it requires time and effort to learn it up. Nowadays they're learning a modern programming by tutorials, manuals and books. That's right.
But, how these learning material is written and why? Why it is so intimidatingly large?
“There are no facts, only interpretations.”
- Friedrich Nietzsche
Figure 5: Toddlers playing
If I ask you what you see on the picture above your average answer would be: “There are two small boys playing cubes together.” Right? But what if I tell you: “These two boys are conducting a series of test to cognate the hidden features of cubes. The older one demonstrating his knowledge in this particular area, and the youngest one assisting him and learning by testing.”
This is a simple and straight evidence of human innate ability to learn. And it requires no words at all, just attention, patience and perseverance to deduce the meaning of this show.
Well, it is about playing cubes, right? Not at all. It is a general approach to learning: an experience tutor should demonstrate you some particular niceties by a sequence of obvious and explicit tests. All you have to do are observe them, take them into consideration, catch the essence out of them and put results into your memory.
It was initially introduced by computer scientists in 80s, and became a wide-spread and popular concept in the industry only in the beginning of 21st century. Thus, it is easy to deduce that initially almost all modern programming languages, which was developed earlier this date, was happily built without any unit testing at all.
Yes, it was.
“If the only tool you have is a hammer, one tends to treat everything as if it were a nail.”
- Abraham Maslow
or cognition inertia in writing book about programming. First books about programming were written in a plain English and it was ample at that time: there wasn't any programming languages, the large set of hexadecimal commands only. Later, when full-fledged programming languages was introduced, authors predictably included wee chunks of programs into the text of books about programming by these languages. It's right. It is much more illustrative and comprehensible for readers.
When later unit testing was introduced it consider as an extra special concept in software development. What if I ask you: “What should be the next step to get rid of coding and switch on writing programs bear in mind all these observations above?”
It should be the programs as the textbook, written in particular programming language, with plentiful number of tests to examplify concepts, ideas, approaches hidden behind the wall of mutual understanding between a man and machine.
Figure 6: Brain fog
Avoidance of source code reading (escapism); Actually it is a downright grueling task to do
Figure 7: Test failure
“Doubt is the origin of wisdom”
— Rene Descartes
Summarize a handful of penetraiting observations above it might be dedused:
The paramount goals of writing are absolute clarity and density, so it might sound a quite strange. In reality, it is much complex task than it seems and a plethora of already written manuals about programming is a strict evidence to interpret this as a spoiled approach. In contrary: “Why men avoid reading and study some common things as programming in just one book? Is it really so boring?”
My grandma told me “Eugene Onegin” in just three evenings. She knew each string in the poem's sequence(!) It was so astounding and 40 years later I still remember it. Not the poem itself! The remembrance of no-limit boundaries for human mind. Now I'm can conclude that only natural language is enough complex and complicated to transmit such long message for a such long time.
30 years ago, in 1991 I became a programmer. My tool was a quite advanced micro-calculator programmed manually in a pseudo-hexadecimal directives. It was incredibly precise, fast as a blizzard and it definitely were games there! “The fly of a bumblebee” named one.
Further where were many programming languages studied by the manual testing, and in 2016 I push my head in to the wall. After sufficient time any piece of my programs became unreadable and seem so knotty like some aliens do it by his left toe. The same observation is True for programs written not by me.
“Why we spawn such degenerative programs?”: I asked myself and seeking for clue 4 years in deep contemplation.
And now I definitely know why it is so ugly with writing programs now. Not a secret at all. The clue to this puzzle is the nature of humans, a large set of caveats in their cognitive thinking:
Do anything and anytime like others do
If all you know about did something successfully, all what you
need to do is to mimic them. In other words it is heard style
.
If it is so old - it is True by the age
A misconseption from our young childhood. Based on All adults are
genious because they're old.
You can't change it as you like
Naturally if a man following his prejudices a long time anough to
do nothing at all in the shame to do something wrong. Yes, he just
can't do it. Period.
Unconsciously people do things in a some particular way and it seems a queer mistake. It is not common to find your reactive behavior as your own error looking backward.
Why you can't ask yourself: “Why it is so difficult to read any book about programming?” Easy and habitual way to take it as granted. But for me it is a usual challenge. Maybe I am personally excessively curious and persistent to digging up to core of matter. And I have to say something about programming.
Programming is easy by its nature and overcomplicated by the men. It is just something wrong with approach to study it.
As you might notice casual programming handbook often dismantle programming wrong.
Absolutely wrong. It uses English as a stem language, and
programming language itself dissected by large set of pseudo-tests -
Even if any book can't be pretentious, this one doesn't. It is exactly the essence out of learning how to program machines to execute yours and only yours orders in a most effective way of studying: by sequentially, from the elementary ones to most complex, testing its features.
It's naturally to draw the boundaries around your invention. It's neither a silver bullet nor panacea for learners. Cognition demands a lot of time for reading and digesting each chapter. Nothing misterious.
Figure 8: An infant conducting test
If you're observed an infant behavior strictly enough you might notice that it is a silent (they can't talk yet) testing how things work. A baby with brisk ingenuity conducts the series of conscious acts and it should be interpreted as a sequence of experiments to examine the nature of events. Bear in mind its inborn origin, because every child do it absolutely autonomous, we got conclusion about a genuine and inborn human inclination on testing approach for study anything.
Now it is time to concoct our first primitive set of tests to
determine the existence of Python primals True
, False
and
None
. It is intentionally simplified to show you the threshold of
primitivity in valid Python programming.
import unittest class TestLanguagePrimals(unittest.TestCase): def test_does_true_ever_exist(self): self.assertTrue(True) def test_does_false_ever_exist(self): self.assertFalse(False) def test_does_none_ever_exist(self): self.assertIsNone(None)
Yes, that's it! Try to launch this code snippet to be ensured that it works as expected:
cd tests
python3 -m unittest test_00_primal_testing_oversimplified.py
Now lets embellish our dry code with inline comments:
import unittest # <-- import header class TestLanguagePrimals(unittest.TestCase): # <-- class definition def test_does_true_ever_exist(self): # <-- an atomic test case itself # and the sample of in-line comment # self-explanatory name of the test case to focus attention self.assertTrue(True) # <-- straight assertion # If this test passed successfully than True is really exists def test_does_false_ever_exist(self): # another test case self.assertFalse(False) # False also exists def test_does_none_ever_exist(self): # the last primitive test case self.assertIsNone(None) # None also predefined by the language
Tip It is convenient to compare these two files when you open them in two panels simultaneously on the screen:
Figure 9: Two-panel editor view
You've got to catch the essence of the lesson
Now you're checked up an existence of three primary Python
constants using unittest
module and its three methods:
assertTrue
assertFalse
assertIsNone
It is a simple, minuscule and plain step onto the right path opting knowledge in its natural order.
Now you're ready and steady to read, compare and comprehend Python programs. Yes, there are only two of them, they are intentionally simplified, but suddenly you're got a seismic shift in your mind. From now and forever lets compose our programs in a self-explanatory manner, and Python would alleviate the pain in mulling around how the program works.
You might notice that we used the set of inline comments to describe some significant niceties. Yes, they are not obligatory though. To accomplish the switch on pure Python we should utilize a multi-line comment feature for the much broad depictions. Yes, they are not an obligation too, but in many cases they are indispensable as a source of clarity for author during writing the program and later for all its readers.
Naturally what such cool feature was already established by Python and well-known as a docstrings, the special sort of comments. Multi-line docstrings consist of a summary line, followed by a blank line, followed by a more elaborate description.
Warning, atavism!
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
These two topmost strings in each Python program are optional and in most cases redundant.
"A universal convention supplies all of maintainability, clarity, consistency, and a foundation for good programming habits too. What it doesn't do is insist that you follow it against your will. That's Python!"
- Tim Peters
"""A module-level docstring brief single-line description A module-level docstring multi-line description. Notice the second line with a straight encoding definition. Docstrings do appear in the bytecode, so you can access this through the ``__doc__`` attribute. This is also what you'll see if you call help() on a module or any other Python object. """ import unittest # <-- import header """The place below an import section reserved for multi-line comments which might be utilized as a preamble to your Python program. It is being red only by humans, not compiled ever, and permits author to write down all stuff necessary to be at the foremost place. It might be unnecessary in our case, when we write a simplified version of programs. But our basic aim is to serve as paragon of clarity thus it should contain all lucidity's attributes. By its purpose all programming languages should allow readers to perceive what exactly this particular text do in a much explicit manner. The real state of things, when programs are habitually clogged, requires from a literate reader tons of time and perceverance for litter decluttering and a core idea grasp. Noticeable that nowadays most programs demand from its reader such literacy that it made them actually indecipherable for humans and in most cases extremely knotty even to its author. Nevertheless, this fact usually omitted by specialists, who spent a huge amount of time reading so overcomplicated texts of programs. Through time, it became a normal if anybody can't make an idea out from program's text on the fly. “It is just lack of experience!”: they say usually. You might object by notation that several professionals can't catch the essence out from that text because it is poorly written, they answer something like: “It works well enough to be scrutinized much diligently.” """ class TestLanguagePrimals(unittest.TestCase): # <-- class definition """The class-level for a brief single-line docstring Class defininition begins this reserved word /class/ following by the /name of class/ and its /parent class/ in the brackets. On first steps it might be like a magic mantra to enter the /test suite/ """ def test_does_true_ever_exist(self): # <-- an atomic test case itself """A single-line brief description for particular test case""" self.assertTrue(True) # <-- straight assertion # If this test passed successfully than True is really exists def test_does_false_ever_exist(self): # another test case """A single-line brief description for particular test case""" self.assertFalse(False) # False also exists def test_does_none_ever_exist(self): # the last primitive test case """A single-line brief description for particular test case""" self.assertIsNone(None) # None also predefined by the language """This is a conclusion multi-line comment section. It is useful to put all bottom-line conclusion there."""
"""The initial test suite to check up existence of True, False and None Functionally it is the same as the programs above, but compressed for density and lucidity. """ import unittest """Now it is the moment to distill your knowledge about writing =unittests= in ~Python~. Our previous program allocates too much space in the case if you're grasp the core idea. Exactly - what is the right place and content of: - Module docstrings; - Import section; - Multi-line comments; - Test class definition; - A single test case function; - Conclusion multi-line comments are necesseties to be clear when you're in writing ~Python~ code. Lets create a much dense test suite out from existing ones """ class TestPrimariesExistence(unittest.TestCase): """Allocates all the existence tests in a single function""" def test_the_existence(self): self.assertTrue(True) # <-- straight assertion self.assertFalse(False) # False also exists self.assertIsNone(None) # None also predefined by the language """Naturally that it is more convenient to tame a dense and terse code blocks which are well-fitted on a single page. Thus, try to make up all your tests into /coherent/ blocks for clarity purpose."""
"""Only code to compare None, True and False""" import unittest """If in previous tests we were introduced by three test methods only: - assertFalse(); - assertTrue(); - assertIsNone(); Right now it is a right time to show several additional ones: - assertIs() - identity assertion; - assertIsNotNone() - not None assertion; - assertNotEqual() - non equality assertion; """ class TestCompareFundamentals(unittest.TestCase): def test_none_fasle_true_comparison(self): self.assertIsNotNone(True) # Naturally, neiver False self.assertIsNotNone(False) # nor True are not None self.assertFalse(None) # !! None has a Boolean False # self.assertIs(True, True) # self.assertIs(False, False) # self.assertIs(None, None) # # self.assertNotEqual(False, True) # self.assertNotEqual(True, None) # self.assertNotEqual(False, None) # # self.assertIsNotNone(False) # self.assertIsNotNone(True) # """Seems it is much elegant than before, but less self-explanatory"""
"""Lets meet equality and non equality operators""" import unittest """Lets immerse into statement and operators in it. The program below is identical by its meaning to previous one, but it written in a distinct manner with intention to introduce the statement and operator concepts, which are the pillars of further studying of programming.""" class TestEqualityStatements(unittest.TestCase): def test_equality_operator(self): # equality operator is double = self.assertTrue(True == True) # <-- equality statements self.assertTrue(False == False) # are inside the brackets # and they do evaluate when the program do launch self.assertTrue(None == None) def test_non_equality_operator(self): # non equality operator is != self.assertFalse(True != True) # <-- non-equality statements self.assertFalse(False != False) # are inside the brackets # and they do evaluate when you're launch the program self.assertFalse(None != None) """ You might notice that in these cases we: - assert the ~result~ of statement evaluation; - disclose the magic above only two operators """
"""Initial numerical values testing. """ import unittest """Lets check 0 and 1 up against already known innate Python values with already known testing methods""" class TestPrimaryNumericFeatures(unittest.TestCase): """Zero and one are pertinent innate numeric objects to test it up """ def test_zero_main_properties(self): self.assertFalse(0) # <-- numeric zero also is Boolean False self.assertIsNotNone(0) # and it is not None! self.assertEqual(0, 0) # equality assertion by the method self.assertTrue(0 == 0) # true statement assertion def test_one_main_properties(self): self.assertTrue(1) # numeric one is also Boolean True self.assertIsNotNone(1) # and it is not None! self.assertEqual(1, 1) # equality assertion by the method self.assertTrue(1 == 1) # true statement assertion def test_compare_one_and_zero(self): self.assertNotEqual(0, 1) # as expected self.assertFalse(0 == 1) # no comments self.assertTrue(0 < 1) # a new comparison operator 'less' self.assertTrue(1 > 0) # a new operator 'greater than' self.assertTrue(0 <= 1) # 'less than or equal' operator self.assertTrue(1 >= 0) # 'greater than or equal' operator """Check yourself up: Try to extend the test suite to answer questions: - Does 0 equal False? - Does True greater than False? - Does True equal 1? - etc. """


Department of EE , IITK
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Dependencies
You must install all the following dependencies in order to get all ngx-ui-hero functionalities working.
Installation
Modules
NgxUiHeroModule
Import this module to access the ngx-ui-hero Core functionalities.
NgxUiHeroDataGridModule
In order to use the ui-hero DataGrid, you must import this module with a bit of configurations.
NgxUiHeroTreeViewModule
In order to use the ui-hero TreeView, you must import this module with a bit of configurations.
NgxUiHeroApiModule
In order to use the ui-hero Api functionalities like Base Http Services, Base Crud Services, Local Storage Services and JWT Authentication, you must import this module providing some configurations.
NgxUiHeroInputFormsModule
In order to use the ui-hero Forms functionalities like Input text, select, textarea, etc..., you must import this module providing some configurations.
In order to use the Input-date, you must include into your angular.json the following style "node_modules/ngx-bootstrap/datepicker/bs-datepicker.css".


A tool to share and edit decks, view deck prices, and much more.
Hint: You can add and remove cards from the deck below by dragging cards.


JNU students defy Section 144, march to Parliament
Initially, the barricades outside JNU’s gates were removed and the students were allowed to march. The police later stopped the march around 500 metres from the varsity’s gates.
by PTIDemanding a complete rollback of the hostel fee hike, hundreds of JNU students on Monday started their protest march from the university campus towards the Parliament amid heavy police deployment. The varsity’s students have been protesting for nearly three weeks against the draft hostel manual, which has provisions for hostel fee hike, dress code and curfew timings.
The police said ten companies have been deployed outside JNU. One company comprises 70 to 80 personnel.
A senior official said police personnel are accompanying the agitating students during the march to ensure no untoward incident takes place.
Initially, the barricades outside JNU’s gates were removed and the students were allowed to march. The police later stopped the march around 500 metres from the varsity’s gates.
Former JNU Students’ Union president N Sai Balaji said, “Delhi Police stops JNU students peaceful march to parliamentarians! The Mhrd is fooling students by forming committee. Why didn’t the committee suspend fee hike till dialogue is happening? We are demanding a rollback of the fee hike.”
The protest march comes on the first day of the Parliament’s Winter Session.
Earlier, the HRD Ministry appointed a three-member committee to recommend ways to restore normal functioning of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU).


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You may be wondering who we are! We are The Live Coders, an outgoing and enthusiastic group of friendly channels that write code, teach about technology, and promote the technical community.
With conferences everywhere being cancelled or postponed, we didn't want to let prepared talks to go waste and decided to put on a free (all-day) online conference for everyone on Twitch, with talks covering various topics.
To stay up to date with announcements about the conference, please follow us on Twitter!
Once we have scheduled our speakers, we will publish the information below!
Please note: Speakers and their topics may be subject to change.


This is a glob used as a command name. Was it supposed to be in ${..}, array, or is it missing quoting?
for f in $(*.png); do echo "$f"; done # Trying to loop over a glob
array=$(*.txt) # Trying to assign an array
echo "$(array[1])" # Trying to expand an array
for f in *.png; do echo "$f"; done
array=(*.txt)
echo "${array[1]}"
You are using a glob as a command name. This is usually a mistake caused by one of the following:
`*foo*`
or $(*foo*)
to expand a glob. var=$(*.txt)
instead of var=(*.txt)
to assign an array.$(..)
instead of ${..}
when expanding an array element.Look up and double check the syntax of what you're trying to do.
None. If you want to specify a command name via glob, e.g. to not hard code version in ./myprogram-*/foo
, expand to array or parameters first to allow handling the cases of 0 or 2+ matches.


git-merge-base - Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge
git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>... git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>... git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit> git merge-base --independent <commit>... git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]
git merge-base finds best common ancestor(s) between two commits to use in a three-way merge. One common ancestor is better than another common ancestor if the latter is an ancestor of the former. A common ancestor that does not have any better common ancestor is a best common ancestor, i.e. a merge base. Note that there can be more than one merge base for a pair of commits.
As the most common special case, specifying only two commits on the command line means computing the merge base between the given two commits.
More generally, among the two commits to compute the merge base from, one is specified by the first commit argument on the command line; the other commit is a (possibly hypothetical) commit that is a merge across all the remaining commits on the command line.
As a consequence, the merge base is not necessarily contained in each of the commit arguments if more than two commits are specified. This is different from git-show-branch(1) when used with the --merge-base option.
--octopus
Compute the best common ancestors of all supplied commits, in preparation for an n-way merge. This mimics the behavior of git show-branch --merge-base.
--independent
Instead of printing merge bases, print a minimal subset of the supplied commits with the same ancestors. In other words, among the commits given, list those which cannot be reached from any other. This mimics the behavior of git show-branch --independent.
--is-ancestor
Check if the first <commit> is an ancestor of the second <commit>, and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not. Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1.
--fork-point
Find the point at which a branch (or any history that leads to <commit>) forked from another branch (or any reference) <ref>. This does not just look for the common ancestor of the two commits, but also takes into account the reflog of <ref> to see if the history leading to <commit> forked from an earlier incarnation of the branch <ref> (see discussion on this mode below).
-a, --all
Output all merge bases for the commits, instead of just one.
Given two commits A and B, git merge-base A B will output a commit which is reachable from both A and B through the parent relationship.
For example, with this topology:
o---o---o---B / ---o---1---o---o---o---A
the merge base between A and B is 1.
Given three commits A, B and C, git merge-base A B C will compute the merge base between A and a hypothetical commit M, which is a merge between B and C. For example, with this topology:
o---o---o---o---C / / o---o---o---B / / ---2---1---o---o---o---A
the result of git merge-base A B C is 1. This is because the equivalent topology with a merge commit M between B and C is:
o---o---o---o---o / e / o---o---o---o---M / / ---2---1---o---o---o---A
and the result of git merge-base A M is 1. Commit 2 is also a common ancestor between A and M, but 1 is a better common ancestor, because 2 is an ancestor of 1. Hence, 2 is not a merge base.
The result of git merge-base --octopus A B C is 2, because 2 is the best common ancestor of all commits.
When the history involves criss-cross merges, there can be more than one best common ancestor for two commits. For example, with this topology:
---1---o---A e / X / e ---2---o---o---B
both 1 and 2 are merge-bases of A and B. Neither one is better than the other (both are best merge bases). When the --all option is not given, it is unspecified which best one is output.
A common idiom to check "fast-forward-ness" between two commits A and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an ancestor of B. You will see this idiom used often in older scripts.
A=$(git rev-parse --verify A) if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)" then ... A is an ancestor of B ... fi
In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way:
if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B then ... A is an ancestor of B ... fi
After working on the topic branch created with git checkout -b topic origin/master, the history of remote-tracking branch origin/master may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a history of this shape:
o---B1 / ---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master) e B3 e Derived (topic)
where origin/master used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it points at B, and your topic branch was started on top of it back when origin/master was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of origin/master to find B3 as the fork point, so that the topic can be rebased on top of the updated origin/master by:
$ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic) $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic
git-rev-list(1), git-show-branch(1), git-merge(1)
Part of the git(1) suite


Byte Club
Upcoming Events
- CodeDay, May 23-24
- We Will not be taking this trip as a club.
- You may go on your own.
- It's suggested that you plan to arrive at about 11:30 AM.
- Code Day is a 24-hour coding event that always goes from noon Saturday to noon Sunday
- Arrival back home will be around 1:30 pm.
- Food will be provided throughout.
- Sleeping is allowed. Bring a sleeping bag, pillow, tooth brush, tooth paste, and deodorant (save everyone around you).
- You will have to buy your own ticket on their website, listed above. The price is only $10 ($20 in the last week).
- Transportation will be provided by the high school. It is NOT recommended to drive there by yourself.
- Location is 1647 Blue Island Ave, Chicago, IL 60608. Venue Website.


--- layout: post tags: [Dependency Injection, Unit Testing] date: 2010-04-27 04:24:25 UTC title: "Fun with literal extensions and Ambient Context" --- {% include JB/setup %}
My book contains a section on the Ambient Context pattern that uses a TimeProvider as an example. It's used like this:
this.closedAt = TimeProvider.Current.UtcNow;
Yesterday I was TDDing a state machine that consumes TimeProvider and needed to freeze and advance time at different places in the test. Always on the lookout for making unit tests more readable, I decided to have a little fun with literal extensions and TimeProvider. I ended up with this test:
// Fixture setup var fixture = new WcfFixture(); DateTime.Now.Freeze(); fixture.Register(1.Minutes()); var sut = fixture.CreateAnonymous<CircuitBreaker>(); sut.PutInOpenState(); 2.Minutes().Pass(); // Exercise system sut.Guard(); // Verify outcome Assert.IsInstanceOfType(sut.State, typeof(HalfOpenCircuitState)); // Teardown
There are several items of note. Imagine that we can freeze time!
DateTime.Now.Freeze();
With the TimeProvider and an extension method, we can:
internal static void Freeze(this DateTime dt) { var timeProviderStub = new Mock<TimeProvider>(); timeProviderStub.SetupGet(tp => tp.UtcNow).Returns(dt); TimeProvider.Current = timeProviderStub.Object; }
This effectively sets up the TimeProvider to always return the same time.
Later in the test I state that 2 minutes pass:
2.Minutes().Pass();
I particularly like the grammatically correct English. This is accomplished with a combination of a literal extension and changing the state of TimeProvider.
First, the literal extension:
internal static TimeSpan Minutes(this int m) { return TimeSpan.FromMinutes(m); }
Given the TimeSpan returned from the Minutes method, I can now invoke the Pass extension method:
internal static void Pass(this TimeSpan ts) { var previousTime = TimeProvider.Current.UtcNow; (previousTime + ts).Freeze(); }
Note that I just add the TimeSpan to the current time and invoke the Freeze extension method with the new value.
Last, but not least, I should point out that the PutInOpenState method isn't some smelly test-specific method on the SUT, but rather yet another extension method.


Intro
As you know, my nam is BASHAR AL-DAMEN. I was born in 18th of april 1997, so I am 24 years old now. I grew up and still live in Irbid - Jordan
As you know, my nam is BASHAR AL-DAMEN. I was born in 18th of april 1997, so I am 24 years old now. I grew up and still live in Irbid - Jordan
In the mean time, I am working on being a Web-Developer.
I want to learn Graphic Design
I am looking forward to be a Certified in Public Accounting within the next 5 years.


Introduction
Make is a program that's used to build other programs or documents. Make is suitable for any process that has intermediate steps that may or may not be complete.
Make doesn't rebuild things that are already up to date. Further more, it knows how to build the intermediate targets. You instruct Make with a Make file.
There's more than one Make program. The most common that C/C++ developers encounter is GNU Make. I will describe GNU Make with examples first, then look at BSD Make and end with some commentary on the differences.
Getting Started with GNU Make
GNU Make has a lot of rules built into it. They're called built in rules. Lets look at an example, hello.c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
|
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("hello world\n:");
return 0;
}
| |
To build the program, simply type:
It runs:
So GNU Make already knows that a program can be constructed from a .c file, and it knows how to compile and link it.
Let's try another one, this time with some more files. We'll need a makefile for this one. A GNU Make file can be called GNUmakefile, Makefile, or makefile. I will use GNUmakefile in these examples as we'll be looking at BSD Make later.
calc.c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
|
#include <stdio.h>
#include "engine.h"
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", calc("2+3"));
return 0;
}
| |
engine.h
1 2 3
|
#pragma once
int calc(const char* expression);
| |
engine.c
1 2 3 4 5 6
|
#include "engine.h"
int calc(const char *expression)
{
return 5;
}
| |
GNUmakefile
1 2 3 4 5
|
OBJ = calc.o engine.o
calc: $(OBJ)
$(OBJ): engine.h
| |
We define a macro OBJ, that has the list of our object files. Remember, GNU Make knows how to create an object file from a C program.
Next, we tell GNU Make that our program, calc, is made from these OBJ files. When we run make, it does:
cc -c -o calc.o calc.c
cc -c -o engine.o engine.c
cc calc.o engine.o -o calc |
Finally, we tell GNU Make that if engine.h changes, we must recompile the object files. This is called a dependency.
Now, let's introduce C++. Lets define one new file: calcpp.cc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
|
#include <iostream>
extern "C"
{
#include "engine.h"
}
int main()
{
std::cout << calc("2+3") << std::endl;
return 0;
}
| |
This is our modified GNUmakefile
1 2 3 4 5 6
|
OBJ = calcpp.o engine.o
calc: $(OBJ)
$(LINK.cc) $^ -o $@
$(OBJ): engine.h
| |
So what's changed? We need to tell GNU Make that we're linking a C++ program, We use the GNU Make macro LINK.cc to tell it that we're linking a C++ program.
$^ means all the dependencies, calcpp.o and engine.o in this case.
$@ means the target we're making, calc in this case.
When we run make, it does:
c++ -c -o calcpp.o calcpp.cc
c++ calcpp.o engine.o -o calc |
What about compiling engine.c? Well, we compiled it earlier and make knows it doesn't need to be recompiled.
BSD Make
BSD Make predate's GNU Make and it's a little different. BSD Make doesn't have a lot of built in rules. It needs to be told quite a lot in the make file. As you've seen above, GNU Make know quite a lot.
BSD Make knows about dependencies and rules to build those dependencies, but it doesn't have all those built in default rules, so it needs to be told. Instead of being told everything, a system that uses BSD Make provides a set of include files that define how things are done on that system. For example, on FreeBSD, if you want to write a program, you include <bsd.prog.mk>. This has all the rules needed to compile, install, uninstall, archive … while develop your program.
A comparison of GNU Make and BSD Make
Remember, GNU is the Free Software Foundation, toolset. GNU means GNU is Not Unix. This is important. When the GNU project was started, it's aim was to provide freely available equivalents of Unix programs. And they improved them by adding helpful and consistent behaviour.
BSD Make just knows about dependencies, targets, rules and macros. GNU Make adds built in rules to that mix to make it easier for the developer.
It turns out that details of systems are conflicting and cannot be known in advance. BSD Make deals with system dependencies by having the system define its parameters. GNU Make's built in rules turn out to be inadequate. The Auto Tools project (AutoConf, AutoMake, LibTools) was developed to compensate for this. It works by discovering the system at configuration time, which then generates makefiles.
I prefer the BSD solution. It's clear that in this example it's better designed. I find that's generally true of BSD.
An Example
This example uses 3 C++ source files (main.cc, config.cc, dispatch.cc), and 2 header files (config.hpp, dispatch.hpp). I haven't added the dependencies, in the real world, they're auto-generated.
GNUmakefile
1 2 3 4 5 6
|
CXXFLAGS = -g
all: goodlistener
goodlistener: main.o config.o dispatch.o
$(LINK.cc) -o $@ $^
| |
BSDmakefile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
|
PROG_CXX = goodlistener
SRCS = main.cc config.cc dispatch.cc
MAN = goodlistener.1
MAKEOBJDIR = work
CXXFLAGS=-g
.include <bsd.prog.mk>
| |


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The tags for the images have been determined through a tensorflow image classifier: try seeing if you can find more resemblances than the AI!
{{item.desc}}
Theres a known memory leak with tfjs-node and the server cannot handle the excess memory it is consuming so the tag functionality has been temporarily stopped, however it works locally so feel free to clone my project if you want to check that out!


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---
layout: post
title: My Top 5 Artists (Week Ending 2011-11-6)
date: '2011-11-09T15:01:07+01:00'
tags: []
tumblr_url: http://dotmr.tumblr.com/post/12558304285/my-top-5-artists-week-ending-2011-11-6
---
My Top 5 Artists (Week Ending 2011-11-6)
Imported from Last.fm Tumblr by JoeLaz


Ezekiel 40:11
And he measured the breadth of the entry of the gate, ten cubits; and the length of the gate, thirteen cubits.


Storyboard TTC2011SimpleMigration
Source model:
Target model:
Migration extension:
Create example source graph:
did not find method simpleMigrationPerPattern(Graph,Storyboard) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:
Number of migrated nodes: 8 Number of migrated Edges: 10
did not find method simpleMigrationInJava(Graph) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:
Number of migrated nodes: 8
did not find method simpleMigrationByCloning(Graph) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:
did not find method simpleMigrationByJsonArray(Graph) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:
did not find method simpleMigrationByGenericGraph(Graph,Storyboard) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:
did not find method simpleMigrationToEvenMoreEvolvedGraphByGenericGraph(Graph,Storyboard) in class org.sdmlib.test.examples.helloworld.HelloWorldTTC2011
Result graph:


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Market Strategy
Securing suplly sources globally
Mineral resources trading
Relocating Sales Strategy Functions With an Eye on the Fast-growing Asian Market
Market Strategy Map
In December 2012, MC established Mitsubishi Corporation RtM* International Pte. Ltd. (RtM International), in Singapore, with the aim of further strengthening our mineral resources trading operations. The new company began operating in April 2013. Before the establishment of RtM International, MC's mineral resources trading business was organized in terms of commodities, namely ferrous raw materials and non-ferrous metals. RtM International takes trading beyond this traditional approach. It will play a central role in developing business strategies with an eye on world markets and will also integrate management of credit and market risk. With these and other responsibilities, RtM International will work to capture growth potential in markets around the world such as Asia and raise its responsiveness to the market.
Along with establishing RtM International, MC integrated Mitsubishi Corporation Unimetals Ltd., a core company in the non-ferrous metals field into Mitsubishi Corporation RtM Japan Ltd., which is now responsible for all mineral resources. This move has strengthened the level of response to the market and customers in Japan.
*RtM stands for “Resources to Market.” MC named the new subsidiary company RtM International due to its objective of realizing sustainable growth over the medium to long term through capacity enhancement which enables it to effectively bridge the gap between producers and end-users and to add value to the whole supply chain.
Foods
Building a Grain Sourcing Network Across the Americas
MC has built a network over many years for stably procuring grain and other food resources from producing countries and supplying customers around the world. Through AGREX, Inc. in the U.S., a major growing country, and Riverina (Australia) Pty., Ltd. in Australia, we have grain handling infrastructure that extends from collection in inland growing regions to transportation to export ports. In 2012, we augmented this network by purchasing a 20% stake in Brazilian grain company Los Grobo Ceagro do Brasil S.A. (Ceagro). In addition to this equity interest, we acquired the right to purchase grain preferentially from Ceagro, thus securing a supply source from South America. Recently, we reached agreement to raise our equity interest in Ceagro to 80%, thereby further strengthening our grain procurement ability.
Meanwhile, in China, where demand for food is rising rapidly, we are a shareholder in a meat business run by COFCO Limited (COFCO)*, with which we have also signed a basic agreement for supplying up to 5 million tons of soybeans a year. In tandem, we are working to capture growing demand.
While seeking to expand our food and commodity supply sources globally, mainly in North and South America and Australia, we aim to handle approximately 20 million tons of grain commodities per year, namely corn, soybeans and wheat. We also seek to expand our businesses in processed grain products in importing regions, mainly Japan, China and Southeast Asia, to meet growing demand for food, especially in Asia.
*COFCO is one of China's largest state-owned food companies.
Establishing local presence within Asia
Automobile Operations
Strengthening Thailand and Indonesian Operations and Replicating Business Models in Neighboring Asian Countries
MC has been conducting Isuzu automobile operations in Thailand since commencing import agency operations there in 1957. After establishing Tri Petch Isuzu Sales Co., Ltd. (TIS) in 1974, we have expanded our sales and service capabilities to match local needs with the top-selling D-MAX pickup truck. We have a value chain centered on TIS that extends from production through sales, automobile finance and after-sales service. We are now redoubling our efforts to increase customer satisfaction, enhance after-sales service and make other improvements to our operations based on more than half a century of expertise.
Meanwhile, in Indonesia, PT. Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian Motors (KTB) began operations in 1970 as an exclusive distributor to import and sell vehicles produced by Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC) and Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. At present, in addition to manufacturing and selling vehicles, the KTB Group is engaged in a wide range of businesses, including automobile finance, used car sales, and rental cars. Japan's automakers are eyeing the Indonesian auto market as a growth market and making substantial investments in the country. With a solid position in the commercial vehicle market in Indonesia, KTB is now working to increase its presence in the passenger car market through new model launches and other measures.
In our automobile operations in Thailand and Indonesia, we are endeavoring to strengthen our established local businesses, and at the same time leverage the expertise we have amassed from operations in these two countries to develop businesses in other markets
Automobile Business Value Chain (Thailand Isuzu Business)
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Stop drug prices rating
by Concerned© EDITOR — Soon after the government announced that as a country we are moving from the multi-currency system to the Zimbabwe dollar, the prices of medical drugs escalated, showing that even now the rating system is still being applied.
Most of us had hoped that prices were going to stabilise and medical drugs would be affordable and in line with the salaries that are earned by the majority of Zimbabweans.
But it is sad that with the current pricing of drugs, one’s salary is likely to be enough for just one drug.
We are also aware that most of the drugs are imported and need foreign currency, hence spiralling pricing but government should make sure that it supplies the necessary foreign currency for such essential services.
According to press reports, the Pharmaceutical Society of Zimbabwe (PSZ) has stated that prices of medical drugs will continue to increase as players are struggling to secure enough foreign currency to import medical products.
Government should have thought about these problems or made a plan before banning the multi-currency system without notice when they knew that this country has for a long time been facing forex shortages.
Government needs to do something otherwise the poor will not be able to survive in this country.


Merlin Project Manager for Mac, iPad, and iPhone Celebrates 15 Years with Dark Mode
by Bryan ChaffinMerlin turned 15 years old this month, and to celebrate ProjectWizards released version 6, an update that adds support for Dark Mode. The company is also including a Light Mode interface, and four different ways of mixing the two by allowing project contents to take on either mode, while the interface itself can also take on both modes.
Other improvements include additional interface enhancements and support for multiple windows on iPadOS. Dark Mode and Light Mode works across Mac, iPad, and iPhone. There’s also a new look for Merlin’s start screen.
Merlin is a great app, and ProjectWizards was a long-time supporter of TMO‘s Cirque du Mac parties during Macworld. Check out version 6 if you’re not already familiar with Merlin. You can test all functions of Merlin for free for 30 days.


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What is scope: It's the variables, objects and functions that you have access to. But...
Great question Matthias. So after understanding the technical in's and out's of scoping (variables, objects and functions that you have access to - cool) I was all like "Ok I get this - but why should I care? My variables are global and any function can access them or local and only those functions can access them - big deal. I don't care."
Oh ho! Why did I not get the significance of this? Why was this a big deal yet I didn't understand that it was a big deal? Because at the moment I'm mostly working solo so at first it never occurred to me that it matters when you're working in a team and they have access to stuff. But they might decide it's a great idea to use some of your variables and totally mess up your app. Or worse - the trolls come trolling. Here's are a few quick diagrams to help my non-tech friends understand:
So here you can see I made a cool app with my niece Silvia - but we gave everything global scope and every Tom, Dick and Harry has access to our app variables, objects and functions. Those Trolls realized that we left the keys to the castle in the front gate and they've ransacked all our riches and left us negative comments on our Facebook page!
Here you can see that my niece Silvia and I have access to all the things. We have the keys to the castle safely stored in our unicorn treasure chest. I'm kinda tough but Silvia wants to share so we let our team and a few others have access to some, I said SOME, of the things. They can access parts of the castle when they need to. And then there's the trolls who are not allowed access to any of the things. No haters near my niece.
And here's a visual explanation for my codey nerdy mates:


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--- layout: post title: Where Does it Hurt? date: '2010-01-04T02:27:00.001Z' author: solrevdev tags: modified_time: '2010-01-04T02:27:33.290Z' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31446756.post-6896617268773839890 blogger_orig_url: http://www.solrevdev.com/2010/01/where-does-it-hurt.html --- http://www.agileatwork.com/where-does-it-hurt/


A virtual base class that defines the essential data for all arguments. More...
#include <Arg.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual | ~Arg () |
| Destructor. | |
| virtual void | addToList (std::list< Arg * > &argList) const |
| Adds this to the specified list of Args. | |
| virtual bool | processArg (int *i, std::vector< std::string > &args)=0 |
| Pure virtual method meant to handle the parsing and value assignment of the string on the command line. | |
| virtual bool | operator== (const Arg &a) const |
| Operator ==. | |
| const std::string & | getFlag () const |
| Returns the argument flag. | |
| const std::string & | getName () const |
| Returns the argument name. | |
| std::string | getDescription () const |
| Returns the argument description. | |
| virtual bool | isRequired () const |
| Indicates whether the argument is required. | |
| void | forceRequired () |
| Sets _required to true. | |
| void | xorSet () |
| Sets the _alreadySet value to true. | |
| bool | isValueRequired () const |
| Indicates whether a value must be specified for argument. | |
| bool | isSet () const |
| Indicates whether the argument has already been set. | |
| bool | isIgnoreable () const |
| Indicates whether the argument can be ignored, if desired. | |
| virtual bool | argMatches (const std::string &s) const |
| A method that tests whether a string matches this argument. | |
| virtual std::string | toString () const |
| Returns a simple string representation of the argument. | |
| virtual std::string | shortID (const std::string &valueId="val") const |
| Returns a short ID for the usage. | |
| virtual std::string | longID (const std::string &valueId="val") const |
| Returns a long ID for the usage. | |
| virtual void | trimFlag (std::string &flag, std::string &value) const |
| Trims a value off of the flag. | |
| bool | _hasBlanks (const std::string &s) const |
| Checks whether a given string has blank chars, indicating that it is a combined SwitchArg. | |
| void | setRequireLabel (const std::string &s) |
| Sets the requireLabel. | |
| virtual bool | allowMore () |
| Used for MultiArgs and XorHandler to determine whether args can still be set. | |
| virtual bool | acceptsMultipleValues () |
| Use by output classes to determine whether an Arg accepts multiple values. | |
| virtual void | reset () |
| Clears the Arg object and allows it to be reused by new command lines. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static void | beginIgnoring () |
| Begin ignoring arguments since the "--" argument was specified. | |
| static bool | ignoreRest () |
| Whether to ignore the rest. | |
| static char | delimiter () |
| The delimiter that separates an argument flag/name from the value. | |
| static char | blankChar () |
| The char used as a place holder when SwitchArgs are combined. | |
| static char | flagStartChar () |
| static const std::string | flagStartString () |
| static const std::string | nameStartString () |
| static const std::string | ignoreNameString () |
| The name used to identify the ignore rest argument. | |
| static void | setDelimiter (char c) |
| Sets the delimiter for all arguments. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| void | _checkWithVisitor () const |
| Performs the special handling described by the Vistitor. | |
| Arg (const std::string &flag, const std::string &name, const std::string &desc, bool req, bool valreq, Visitor *v=NULL) | |
| Primary constructor. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| std::string | _flag |
| The single char flag used to identify the argument. | |
| std::string | _name |
| A single work namd indentifying the argument. | |
| std::string | _description |
| Description of the argument. | |
| bool | _required |
| Indicating whether the argument is required. | |
| std::string | _requireLabel |
| Label to be used in usage description. | |
| bool | _valueRequired |
| Indicates whether a value is required for the argument. | |
| bool | _alreadySet |
| Indicates whether the argument has been set. | |
| Visitor * | _visitor |
| A pointer to a vistitor object. | |
| bool | _ignoreable |
| Whether this argument can be ignored, if desired. | |
| bool | _xorSet |
| Indicates that the arg was set as part of an XOR and not on the command line. | |
| bool | _acceptsMultipleValues |
A virtual base class that defines the essential data for all arguments.
This class, or one of its existing children, must be subclassed to do anything.
Definition at line 64 of file Arg.h.
| TCLAP::Arg::Arg | ( | const std::string & | flag, | |
| const std::string & | name, | |||
| const std::string & | desc, | |||
| bool | req, | |||
| bool | valreq, | |||
| Visitor * | v = NULL | |||
| ) | [inline, protected] |
Primary constructor.
YOU (yes you) should NEVER construct an Arg directly, this is a base class that is extended by various children that are meant to be used. Use SwitchArg, ValueArg, MultiArg, UnlabeledValueArg, or UnlabeledMultiArg instead.
| flag | - The flag identifying the argument. | |
| name | - The name identifying the argument. | |
| desc | - The description of the argument, used in the usage. | |
| req | - Whether the argument is required. | |
| valreq | - Whether the a value is required for the argument. | |
| v | - The visitor checked by the argument. Defaults to NULL. |
Definition at line 462 of file Arg.h.
References _flag, _name, flagStartString(), ignoreNameString(), nameStartString(), and toString().
| void TCLAP::Arg::_checkWithVisitor | ( | ) | const [inline, protected] |
Performs the special handling described by the Vistitor.
Definition at line 611 of file Arg.h.
References _visitor, and TCLAP::Visitor::visit().
Referenced by TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg::processArg(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::_hasBlanks | ( | const std::string & | s | ) | const [inline] |
Checks whether a given string has blank chars, indicating that it is a combined SwitchArg.
Implementation of _hasBlanks.
If so, return true, otherwise return false.
| s | - string to be checked. |
Definition at line 641 of file Arg.h.
References blankChar().
Referenced by TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::processArg(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::acceptsMultipleValues | ( | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Use by output classes to determine whether an Arg accepts multiple values.
Definition at line 674 of file Arg.h.
References _acceptsMultipleValues.
Referenced by TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::getMutexList(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printArg(), and TCLAP::DocBookOutput::printShortArg().
| void TCLAP::Arg::addToList | ( | std::list< Arg * > & | argList | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Adds this to the specified list of Args.
Overridden by Args that need to added to the end of the list.
| argList | - The list to add this to. |
Definition at line 664 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::add().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::allowMore | ( | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Used for MultiArgs and XorHandler to determine whether args can still be set.
Reimplemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >.
| bool TCLAP::Arg::argMatches | ( | const std::string & | s | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
A method that tests whether a string matches this argument.
This is generally called by the processArg() method. This method could be re-implemented by a child to change how arguments are specified on the command line.
| s | - The string to be compared to the flag/name to determine whether the arg matches. |
Definition at line 590 of file Arg.h.
References _flag, _name, flagStartString(), and nameStartString().
Referenced by TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg::processArg(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg().
| static void TCLAP::Arg::beginIgnoring | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
Begin ignoring arguments since the "--" argument was specified.
Definition at line 200 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by TCLAP::IgnoreRestVisitor::visit().
| static char TCLAP::Arg::blankChar | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
The char used as a place holder when SwitchArgs are combined.
Currently set to the bell char (ASCII 7).
Definition at line 217 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::_emptyCombined(), _hasBlanks(), and TCLAP::SwitchArg::combinedSwitchesMatch().
| static char TCLAP::Arg::delimiter | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
The delimiter that separates an argument flag/name from the value.
Definition at line 211 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by TCLAP::SwitchArg::combinedSwitchesMatch(), longID(), TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg(), shortID(), and trimFlag().
| static char TCLAP::Arg::flagStartChar | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
Definition at line 226 of file Arg.h.
References TCLAP_FLAGSTARTCHAR.
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::_emptyCombined(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::getMutexList(), and TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption().
| static const std::string TCLAP::Arg::flagStartString | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
Definition at line 236 of file Arg.h.
References TCLAP_FLAGSTARTSTRING.
Referenced by Arg(), argMatches(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::combinedSwitchesMatch(), longID(), shortID(), and toString().
| void TCLAP::Arg::forceRequired | ( | ) | [inline] |
Sets _required to true.
This is used by the XorHandler. You really have no reason to ever use it.
Definition at line 650 of file Arg.h.
References _required.
| std::string TCLAP::Arg::getDescription | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Returns the argument description.
Definition at line 554 of file Arg.h.
References _description, _required, and _requireLabel.
Referenced by TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::operator==(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::operator==(), and TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption().
| const std::string & TCLAP::Arg::getFlag | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Returns the argument flag.
Definition at line 567 of file Arg.h.
References _flag.
Referenced by TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::getMutexList(), and TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption().
| const std::string & TCLAP::Arg::getName | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Returns the argument name.
Definition at line 569 of file Arg.h.
References _name.
Referenced by TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::getMutexList(), TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::operator==(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::operator==(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printArg(), and TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption().
| static const std::string TCLAP::Arg::ignoreNameString | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
| static bool TCLAP::Arg::ignoreRest | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
Whether to ignore the rest.
Definition at line 205 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::parse(), TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg::processArg(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::isIgnoreable | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Indicates whether the argument can be ignored, if desired.
Definition at line 583 of file Arg.h.
References _ignoreable.
| bool TCLAP::Arg::isRequired | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Indicates whether the argument is required.
Reimplemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >.
Definition at line 571 of file Arg.h.
References _required.
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::add(), TCLAP::XorHandler::check(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printArg(), and TCLAP::DocBookOutput::printShortArg().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::isSet | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Indicates whether the argument has already been set.
Only true if the arg has been matched on the command line.
Definition at line 575 of file Arg.h.
References _alreadySet, and _xorSet.
Referenced by TCLAP::XorHandler::check().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::isValueRequired | ( | ) | const [inline] |
Indicates whether a value must be specified for argument.
Definition at line 573 of file Arg.h.
References _valueRequired.
Referenced by TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption().
| std::string TCLAP::Arg::longID | ( | const std::string & | valueId = "val" |
) | const [inline, virtual] |
Returns a long ID for the usage.
| valueId | - The value used in the id. |
Reimplemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >, TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg, TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >, TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >, and TCLAP::ValueArg< T >.
Definition at line 523 of file Arg.h.
References _flag, _name, _valueRequired, delimiter(), flagStartString(), and nameStartString().
Referenced by TCLAP::CmdLine::add().
| static const std::string TCLAP::Arg::nameStartString | ( | ) | [inline, static] |
Definition at line 245 of file Arg.h.
References TCLAP_NAMESTARTSTRING.
Referenced by Arg(), argMatches(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::combinedSwitchesMatch(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::getMutexList(), longID(), TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption(), shortID(), and toString().
| bool TCLAP::Arg::operator== | ( | const Arg & | a | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
| virtual bool TCLAP::Arg::processArg | ( | int * | i, | |
| std::vector< std::string > & | args | |||
| ) | [pure virtual] |
Pure virtual method meant to handle the parsing and value assignment of the string on the command line.
| i | - Pointer the the current argument in the list. | |
| args | - Mutable list of strings. What is passed in from main. |
Implemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >, TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg, TCLAP::SwitchArg, TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >, TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >, and TCLAP::ValueArg< T >.
| void TCLAP::Arg::reset | ( | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Clears the Arg object and allows it to be reused by new command lines.
Reimplemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >, TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg, TCLAP::SwitchArg, and TCLAP::ValueArg< T >.
Definition at line 679 of file Arg.h.
References _alreadySet, and _xorSet.
| static void TCLAP::Arg::setDelimiter | ( | char | c | ) | [inline, static] |
| void TCLAP::Arg::setRequireLabel | ( | const std::string & | s | ) | [inline] |
Sets the requireLabel.
Used by XorHandler. You shouldn't ever use this.
| s | - Set the requireLabel to this value. |
Definition at line 585 of file Arg.h.
References _requireLabel.
| std::string TCLAP::Arg::shortID | ( | const std::string & | valueId = "val" |
) | const [inline, virtual] |
Returns a short ID for the usage.
| valueId | - The value used in the id. |
Reimplemented in TCLAP::MultiArg< T >, TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg, TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >, TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >, and TCLAP::ValueArg< T >.
Definition at line 505 of file Arg.h.
References _flag, _name, _required, _valueRequired, delimiter(), flagStartString(), and nameStartString().
Referenced by TCLAP::ZshCompletionOutput::printOption(), and TCLAP::DocBookOutput::printShortArg().
| std::string TCLAP::Arg::toString | ( | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Returns a simple string representation of the argument.
Primarily for debugging.
Definition at line 599 of file Arg.h.
References _flag, _name, flagStartString(), and nameStartString().
Referenced by TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::_extractValue(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::_extractValue(), Arg(), TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::UnlabeledMultiArg(), and TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::UnlabeledValueArg().
| void TCLAP::Arg::trimFlag | ( | std::string & | flag, | |
| std::string & | value | |||
| ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Trims a value off of the flag.
Implementation of trimFlag.
| flag | - The string from which the flag and value will be trimmed. Contains the flag once the value has been trimmed. | |
| value | - Where the value trimmed from the string will be stored. |
Definition at line 620 of file Arg.h.
References delimiter().
Referenced by TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg().
| void TCLAP::Arg::xorSet | ( | ) | [inline] |
Sets the _alreadySet value to true.
This is used by the XorHandler. You really have no reason to ever use it.
Definition at line 655 of file Arg.h.
References _alreadySet, and _xorSet.
bool TCLAP::Arg::_acceptsMultipleValues [protected] |
Definition at line 158 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by acceptsMultipleValues(), and TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::MultiArg().
bool TCLAP::Arg::_alreadySet [protected] |
Indicates whether the argument has been set.
Indicates that a value on the command line has matched the name/flag of this argument and the values have been set accordingly.
Definition at line 137 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by isSet(), TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg(), reset(), and xorSet().
std::string TCLAP::Arg::_description [protected] |
Description of the argument.
Definition at line 112 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by getDescription(), TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::operator==(), and TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::operator==().
std::string TCLAP::Arg::_flag [protected] |
The single char flag used to identify the argument.
This value (preceded by a dash {-}), can be used to identify an argument on the command line. The _flag can be blank, in fact this is how unlabeled args work. Unlabeled args must override appropriate functions to get correct handling. Note that the _flag does NOT include the dash as part of the flag.
Definition at line 98 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by Arg(), argMatches(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::combinedSwitchesMatch(), getFlag(), longID(), operator==(), shortID(), and toString().
bool TCLAP::Arg::_ignoreable [protected] |
Whether this argument can be ignored, if desired.
Definition at line 150 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by isIgnoreable(), TCLAP::ValueArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::SwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiSwitchArg::processArg(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::processArg(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::UnlabeledMultiArg(), and TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::UnlabeledValueArg().
std::string TCLAP::Arg::_name [protected] |
A single work namd indentifying the argument.
This value (preceded by two dashed {--}) can also be used to identify an argument on the command line. Note that the _name does NOT include the two dashes as part of the _name. The _name cannot be blank.
Definition at line 107 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by Arg(), argMatches(), getName(), longID(), TCLAP::UnlabeledValueArg< T >::operator==(), TCLAP::UnlabeledMultiArg< T >::operator==(), operator==(), shortID(), and toString().
bool TCLAP::Arg::_required [protected] |
Indicating whether the argument is required.
Definition at line 117 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by forceRequired(), getDescription(), TCLAP::MultiArg< T >::isRequired(), isRequired(), and shortID().
std::string TCLAP::Arg::_requireLabel [protected] |
Label to be used in usage description.
Normally set to "required", but can be changed when necessary.
Definition at line 123 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by getDescription(), and setRequireLabel().
bool TCLAP::Arg::_valueRequired [protected] |
Indicates whether a value is required for the argument.
Note that the value may be required but the argument/value combination may not be, as specified by _required.
Definition at line 130 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by isValueRequired(), longID(), and shortID().
Visitor* TCLAP::Arg::_visitor [protected] |
A pointer to a vistitor object.
The visitor allows special handling to occur as soon as the argument is matched. This defaults to NULL and should not be used unless absolutely necessary.
Definition at line 145 of file Arg.h.
Referenced by _checkWithVisitor().
bool TCLAP::Arg::_xorSet [protected] |


Please note that the Contact Email and Contact Name are optional fields , but in order for us to send you an email invite to the call - we need them to be populated. Data entered into this form will only be used for the purposes of scheduling and tracking the call that you request. This will result in a calendar appointment being sent to you, in this case your entered name and email address will be automatically added to an outlook invite inside a Microsoft staff members calendar. After the appointment is complete, we will remove the contact name and email address from this system - however, it will remain in the Microsoft staffs calendar invite (and sent items folder) for any required follow-up communications and actions.


Using Github
To make a repository you need to first create a GitHub account. After creating an account, on the top right hand corner, next to your profile icon, you will see a “+" icon, with a drop down menu. The first option is “New Repository", by clicking on it, you will be transferred to a new page titled, “Create a New Repository”. Here you will create a Repository name, and other options. By clicking the green button, “Create Repository”, your Repository will be ready to use.
After your github setup has been completed in WebStorm, go to the VCS tab, and you will see the commit button with a green check mark next to it. It will lead you to a pop up called “Commit Changes” where you can select the files you wish to commit and add a commit message of what your task or edit was based on. After you have done that, you can press the blue commit button on the bottom right corner.
You can create a branch in Webstorm by clicking on the bottom right corner labeled “Git: master”, a pop up menu will give you the option to create a new branch called: “+ New Branch”. After clicking on it, you will proceed to create a new branch by giving it a unique name and then click the blue button labeled “Create”. A green popup message will appear once it is created to confirm the request.
To merge one branch to another, you click on “Git: (your branch name)” on the bottom right corner and “checkout” the base branch you want it to merge your changes into. Click on the branch you wan want the changes to be merged into again and choose the "Merge into Current" option from the submenu. Or you can click the top “VCS” tab, choose “Update Project”, and your current branch will be updated with the branch you were working on.
You make a pull request on Github by clicking the “Pull Requests” option in your specified repository page where your project is located. Click on the pull request you'd like to merge and you will be directed to a new page to confirm the merge of the commits into the base branch.


Artigos PublicadosA promising low-dose method of immunotherapyA Single-Center, Case-Control Study of Low-Dose-Induction Oral Immunotherapy with Cow's MilkAAAI - Allergen immunotherapy A practice parameter third updateBeta Glucuronidase short-term immunotherapyControlled Trial With Short-Term ß-GlucuronidaseDesensitization with Beta Glucuronidase a potential revolution in allergy careImmunostimulation and energy for chemicals with immunostimulant activated (ITA) - 2017Latex Allergy Position PaperMultiple daily administrations of low-dose sublingual immunotherapySafety and Efficacy of Low-Dose Oral Immunotherapy for Hen's Egg Allergy in ChildrenSLIT - WAO - Position Paper 2009State of World Allergy Report 2008WAO - White Book on Allergy 2011-2012WHO - Position Paper 1997 - Inmunoterapia con alergenos


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Custom modifier
This example shown custom modifier with custom directive.
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block body %}
{{ form.username.errors }} {{ form.username.label_tag }} {{ form.username }}
{{ form.password.errors }} {{ form.password.label_tag }} {{ form.password }}
Forgot your password? Change it here.
Don't have an account? Register here.


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Located in Miami One Shopping Centre and Niecon Plaza Broadbeach, Gold Coast Australia. THE Real Estate has fast become one of the leading real estate .
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Real Estate in Australia
. Pines, the brand new Townhouse Collections, is perfectly placed at Pacific Pines, a relaxed family focused community in the northern region of the Gold Coast.
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Houses For Sale in Gold Coast, QLD (Page 1) - realestate.com.au
Find Houses For Sale in Gold Coast, QLD. Search for real estate and view the latest listings of Gold Coast, QLD properties for sale.
http://www.realestate.com.au/buy/property-house-in-gold+coast,+qld/list-1
Contents |
[lattitude and longitude worksheet] History
Gold Coast Bulletin Real Estate :: Property News, Commercial ...
All about Gold Coast Real Estate - News, Property prices and Suburb profiles. If you are interested in Real Estate we have all the information in the one spot.
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Gold Coast Real Estate Guide
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properties for sale in Gold Coast, QLD - Realestate.com.au
Find Real Estate & Property For Sale in Gold Coast, QLD. Search for real estate and view the latest listings of Gold Coast, QLD properties for sale.
http://www.realestate.com.au/buy/in-gold+coast,+qld/list-1
Real Estate Gold Coast - Ray White
Gold Coast is a great place to buy or rent property - and the Gold Coast real estate . each year, with the widest selection of real estate of any group in Australasia. . why the Gold Coast is one of Australia's most beloved vacation holiday spots.
http://www.raywhite.com/real-estate/gold-coast/
Michael Lo Real Estate - Gold Coast, Australia - Real ... - Facebook
Michael Lo Real Estate, Gold Coast, Australia. 111 likes · 1 talking about this · 3 were here.
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Gold Coast, QLD, Real Estate For Sale - onthehouse.com.au
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Gold Coast Homes for Sale | realestateview.com.au
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properties for rent in Gold Coast, QLD - Realestate.com.au
Find Real Estate & Property For Rent in Gold Coast, QLD. Search for real estate and view the latest listings of Gold Coast, QLD properties for rent.
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SEEK - Real Estate & Property Jobs in Gold Coast
Real Estate & Property Jobs in Gold Coast at SEEK. Search for Real Estate & Property jobs at Australia's #1 job site.
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Real Estate Gold Coast - homehound.com.au
Results 1 - 10 of 5625 . Real Estate in Gold Coast 5625 Real Estate in Gold Coast on homehound.com. au.
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Gold Coast back in property groove
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http://www.afr.com/p/lifestyle/life_leisure/gold_coast_back_in_property_groove_Q6KbbC0dBJKu6EOTJ7rhmO
[donald and company scottsdale az] Digital channels
| Channel | Name | lenox sales inc bankruptcy | small greenies smart chip biscuits | Programming |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53.1 | gold coast real estate austraila DT | grace manney's baked beans | cake fashion nugget album cover | Main gold coast real estate austraila programming / MyNetworkTV |
| 53.2 | WOLF DT | cures for cats with uri | ernest deininger in philadelphia | Simulcast of journal of communication interpersonal |
| 53.3 | WSWB DT | 480i | 4:3 | Simulcast of make vista look like mac |
Gold Coast Auctions - Realestate.com.au
Find Real Estate & Property For Sale, to be Auctioned on Sat, 6 April, in Gold Coast, QLD. Search for real estate and view the latest listings of Gold Coast, QLD .
http://www.realestate.com.au/buy/in-gold+coast,+qld/auction-times-1
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Switch to format-expantanum.js
Test page adapted from https://naruyoko.github.io/OmegaNum.js/index.html.
String or Array to big number Run