Note: This is an older, deprecated draft, which has been
superceded by the version at this url:
http://a11y-api.github.io/a11y-api/spec/
The Web Platform has a long history of features that developers can use to make their web content accessible to users with disabilities, from the alt
attribute on images to the entirety of [[!WAI-ARIA]]. Accessibility is used by a variety of assistive technologies, including screen readers and magnifiers for visually impaired users, and switch access software and speech-controlled software for motor-impaired users. Accessibility is also often used for automation, testing, and more.
However, the timelines of accessibility standardization and implementation often lag behind those of mainstream features of the Web Platform, sometimes by a number of years. Despite recommendations for best practices, accessibility-conscious web developers often find themselves retrofitting dubiously created sites that would require a full rewrite to make accessible. Increasingly, web developers taking full advantage of new web platform features, or those retrofitting the work of others, are finding it difficult or impossible to make their web apps accessible.
In particular, one of the biggest challenges happens when a web app uses custom event handling and scripting, not declarative markup, for a significant portion of its user interface — for example, building a portion of the interface using the HTML canvas
element (both [[!2DCONTEXT]] and [[WEBGL]]). Authors are often forced to create fake, invisible DOM elements that represent the accessible equivalent of onscreen UI. These hacks are cumbersome, limited, and ultimately bad for the platform. Authors also face challenges when crossing document boundaries (e.g. [[!SHADOW-DOM]]), because it isn't possible to use IDREF relationships like aria-activedescendant
or aria-labelledby
when the target element is outside the current document.
The intention of this specification is to allow authors to make a web apps accessible using scripting, rather than requiring the only option being accessibility features of HTML markup. In the simplest use case, the author is able to programmatically modify the accessible representation of an existing DOM element. In a more complicated use case, the author is able to create new virtual accessible objects on the page that don't correspond to an HTML element at all, such as controls in a canvas-based app.
Note: This spec is an early draft and doesn't explain all of the motivation and reasoning behind many of the design decisions.
Please refer to the Explainer (linked below) for more background material and discussion of design decisions.
Accessibility Object Model Explainer
If you have questions, comments, or other feedback, please file an issue on GitHub.
The Accessibility Object Model spec is narrowly focused on the goal of creating a scripting API for web accessibility. It's intended to complement existing web accessibility APIs such as [WAI-ARIA], not replace them. In particular, this spec attempts to avoid proposing new roles, states, and properties an of accessible objects except where necessary.
This spec primarily defines the following:
increment
and decrement
events on custom slidersThe first version of this specification is not intended to be complete. It is currently impossible to make some web features accessible, so the primary goal is to resolve immediate needs quickly for existing, inaccessible web interfaces. The specification editors are purposefully deferring many useful ideas in order to maintain a realistic timeline for highest priority features.
In order for features to be considered within scope for 1.0, the following criteria must be met:
External contributors wishing to submit new features or ideas for consideration should include the following as a new GitHub Issue:
Specification objections such as the following will be considered.
Specification objections that disregard the following core beliefs will not be entertained.
An accessibility tree is a semantic representation of an application's user interface enabling it to be observed and controlled by other client software programs, like assistive technology and automation software, via a platform-native Accessibility API. User agents typically provide support for one or more native accessibility APIs.
The accessibility tree is made up of accessible nodes: Accessible nodes have a role and several accessibility attributes that describe the node's characteristics and its current state.
In the API, the accessible nodes are represented by instances of AccessibleNode, which expose WebIDL attributes that reflect accessibility roles and/or states.
In many cases, the accessibility tree exposed by a user agent corresponds closely to a web page's DOM tree, with one Accessible Node for every DOM Node. However, sometimes the trees need to differ.
For example, several DOM elements can
constitute a media player seek control, but in the accessibility
tree that whole collection might be represented by a single
accessible node with a role of "slider"
and
other attributes indicating its min, max, and current value.
When assistive technology users control an application via its accessibility API, they generate accessibility input events. Accessiblity input events often imply specific user intents that can't be easily captured by apps in a universal, cross-platform way.
For example, there is a specific accessibility input event to increment a slider. On a desktop platform this might be the equivalent of the right-arrow key, but while several mobile screen readers provide a touch-screen gesture to increment a slider, it isn't standard across platforms and there's no straightforward way for an author to detect it.
Node
interface
The author can request an accessible node from any [[!DOM]]
Node
that is rendered as part of a web page.
partial interface Node { readonly attribute AccessibleDOMNode? accessibleNode; };
The accessibleNode attribute returns the accessible
node associated with this DOM node
, or
null
if this DOM node is not currently rendered as
part of a web page.
AccessibleNode
and AccessibleDOMNode
interfaces
[Constructor(DOMString role)] interface AccessibleNode : EventTarget { attribute DOMString role; void setAttribute(DOMString attributeName, any value); any getAttribute(DOMString attributeName); void setRelation(DOMString relationName, any relatives); any getRelation(DOMString relationName); void focus(); void announce(DOMString message); }; interface AccessibleDOMNode : AccessibleNode { readonly attribute Node node; };
An AccessibleNode is an interface that represents one node in the user agent's accessibility tree. A subclass, AccessibleDOMNode, can be retrieved directly from a DOM Node, or a new AccessibleNode can be constructed and inserted into the accessibility tree.
The AccessibleNode's constructor, when called, returns a new empty AccessibleNode instance with its role initialized to the provided value. The AccessibleNode has no associated DOM Node and is not attached to the document's accessibility tree, it must be explicitly added as a child of another AccessibileNode.
Let an AccessibleNode's source be an internal dictionary containing attributes that the author has set. Attributes in an AccessibleNode's source, when valid, supercede all other rules in the computation of that attribute.
The role attribute, on setting, stores the provided DOMString in the AccessibleNode's source. On getting, it runs the following algorithm:
The setAttribute method, when called with the name of an accessibility attribute, stores the provided value in the AccessibleNode's source.
The getAttribute method, when called with the name of an accessibility attribute, runs the following algorithm:
undefined
.
undefined
.
For each supported accessibility attribute, the following partial interface applies.
partial interface AccessibleNode { attribute typename attributeName; };Setting the attribute must invoke setAttribute() with the first argument being the attribute name, and the second argument the given value. Getting the attribute must invoke getAttribute() with the argument being the attribute name, and return the result.
The setRelation method, when called with the name of an relationship attribute, stores the provided value in the AccessibleNode's source.
If the type of the relation attribute
is AccessibleNode
, then only an
AccessibleNode
will be valid, and setting it
to any other value will have the same effect as clearing that
relationship attribute in the source.
If the type of the relation attribute
is AccessibleNodeList
, then either an
AccessibleNode
, a
AccessibleNodeList
, or any sequence or iterable
of AccessibleNodes
will be valid and converted
to an AccessibleNodeList
automatically, and
setting it to any other value will have the same effect as
clearing that relationship attribute in the source.
Most relationship attributes have a reciprocal relationship
attribute that expresses the inverse relationship. For example,
the inverse of children
is parent
,
and the inverse of labelledBy
is labelFor
.
When a relationship attribute is set, the target's corresponding
reciprocal relationship attribute is set automatically.
Setting a relationship attribute often implies clearing a previously existing relationship. This also happend automatically when a relationship attribute is set.
The getRelation method, when called with the name of an relationship attribute, runs the following algorithm:
AccessibleNode
, return null, but if the
type is AccessibleNodeList
, return a
reference to the empty AccessibleNodeList
from its source, which can be modified dynamically by the
caller.
For each supported relationship attribute, the following partial interface applies.
partial interface AccessibleNode { attribute typename relationName; };Setting the attribute must invoke setRelation() with the first argument being the attribute name, and the second argument the given value. Getting the attribute must invoke getRelation() with the argument being the attribute name, and return the result.
The focus method, when called, changes the node that is reported as the focused node within the accessibility tree, without changing input focus in the DOM. This focused state will persist until DOM input focus changes, then that DOM node's AccessibleNode will become focused.
The announce method, when called, sends an announcement message to assistive technology. A screen reader may speak the given message to the user, for example. If a string is passed as the argument, that string is used as the announcement message, otherwise the accessible name of the target node is used as the message text. Authors are encouraged to call this method on the most appropriate node on the screen because some assistive technology might visually highlight the node making the announcement.
AccessibleNodeList
interface
Relationship attributes allow expressing a relationship between one AccessibleNode and an ordered list of other nodes. This list can be expressed using an AccessibleNodeList.
interface AccessibleNodeList { readonly attribute unsigned long length; void clear(); getter AccessibleNode? getNode(unsigned long index); AccessibleNode insertBefore(AccessibleNode newNode, unsigned long index); AccessibleNode replace(AccessibleNode newNode, unsigned long index); AccessibleNode remove(unsigned long index); AccessibleNode remove(AccessibleNode node); AccessibleNode append(AccessibleNode newNode); setter void (unsigned long index, AccessibleNode newNode); iterable<AccessibleNode>; };
An Accessibility Attribute is an abstract concept that is not exposed as an object in the DOM. An Accessibility Attribute has the following associated properties:
AccessibleNodes support the following accessibility attributes:
| attribute name | type | default value | settable | supported roles | related ARIA attributes | computed value algorithm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
autocomplete |
enum { "both", "inline", "list", "none" } |
"none" |
settable | same as
|
|
|
colCount |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
The value of ,
if any, otherwise the number of columns
in a HTMLTableElement.
|
colIndex |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
The value of ,
if any, otherwise the index of the current
column for any element with a cell role.
|
colSpan |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
description |
DOMString |
"" |
settable | all roles | The accessible description computation algorithm as defined in [[!ACCNAME-AAM-1.1]]. | |
disabled |
boolean? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
expanded |
boolean? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
focusable |
boolean |
false |
settable | all roles | Returns true if an AccessibleDOMNode's associated DOM node is focusable. | |
focused |
boolean |
false |
readonly | all roles | Returns true if an AccessibleNode is currently focused. Note that it's possible for this to not correspond to the DOM Node with input focus. | |
hasPopUp |
boolean |
false |
settable | same as
|
|
|
invalid |
enum { "grammar", "false", "spelling", "true" } |
false |
settable | same as
|
|
|
label |
DOMString |
"" |
settable | all roles |
,
|
The accessible name computation algorithm as defined in [[!ACCNAME-AAM-1.1]]. |
level |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
multiselectable |
boolean |
false |
settable | same as
|
|
Returns true if
is set to true,
or for an HTML select element with
the multi attribute set.
|
offsetLeft |
long |
undefined |
settable | all roles | ||
offsetTop |
long |
undefined |
settable | all roles | ||
offsetWidth |
long |
undefined |
settable | |||
offsetHeight |
long |
undefined |
settable | |||
orientation |
enum { "horizontal", "vertical" } | undefined |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
placeholder |
DOMString? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
posInSet |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rangeValue |
double? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rangeMin |
double? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rangeMax |
double? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
readonly |
boolean? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
required |
boolean? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rowCount |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rowIndex |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
rowSpan |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
setSize |
long? |
undefined |
settable | same as
|
|
|
sort |
enum { "ascending", "descending", "none", "other" } |
"none" |
settable | same as
|
|
|
value |
DOMString? |
undefined |
settable | all widget roles | ||
visible |
boolean |
true |
readonly | all roles |
|
Returns true if an AccessibleDOMNode is not part of
the accessibility tree because the DOM node is not
visible or not displayed, or because the DOM node has
the attribute set.
|
In web accessibility, every node in the accessibility tree has an accessible name and accessible description, which are computed using the algorithm described in [[!ACCNAME-AAM-1.1]]. The name is primary, the description is secondary.
There are many possible sources of the accessible name
of an element from its declarative markup. As an example,
an HTML INPUT element may get its accessible name from
an associated LABEL element, from the title
attribute, from the aria-label
attribute, from the aria-labelledby
attribute, or more. The [[!ACCNAME-AAM-1.1]] algorithm
specifies exactly how these combine to form the final
accessible name.
When using the AccessibleNode interface, it's much simpler.
The label
attribute contains the accessible
name and the description
attribute contains
the accessible description. In addition, the
labelledBy
attribute contains references to
other accessible nodes that provided the label for a node,
and the describedBy
attribute contains
references to other accessible nodes that provided
the description, but those relation attributes are
informational only.
In particular, setting an AccessibleNode's
labelledBy
or describedBy
attributes will have no effect on its
accessible name or description. Set the
label
and description
attributes directly if you want those to change.
In addition to attributes that express information about just one accessible node, an accessible node can also have relationship attributes that express relationships with other accessible nodes in the accessibility tree. Unlike their ARIA counterparts, the nodes referenced by relationship attributes do not need to have a unique ID. A relationship may be expressed between any two nodes whose ancestor Documents have the same origin. This it is possible to express a relationship between a node in the main frame and a node in a child frame, or between a node in one element's shadow root and a different node in another element's shadow root, to name two specific examples.
An Accessibility Relationship Attribute is an abstract concept that is not exposed as an object in the DOM. An Accessibility Attribute has the following associated properties:
AccessibleNode
or an AccessibleNodeList
.
AccessibleNodes support the following accessibility relationship attributes:
| attribute name | type | reciprocals | related ARIA attributes |
|---|---|---|---|
activeDescendant |
AccessibleNode |
None |
|
children |
AccessibleNodeList |
parent |
aria-owns |
controlledBy |
AccessibleNodeList |
controllerFor |
None |
controllerFor |
AccessibleNodeList |
controlledBy |
aria-controls |
describedBy |
AccessibleNodeList |
descriptionFor |
aria-describedBy |
descriptionFor |
AccessibleNodeList |
describedBy |
None |
labeledBy |
AccessibleNodeList |
labelFor |
aria-labelledby |
labelFor |
AccessibleNodeList |
labeledBy |
None |
offsetParent |
AccessibleNode |
None | None |
parent |
AccessibleNode |
children |
None |
The position of an AccessibleNode is determined by the
offsetLeft
,
offsetTop
,
offsetWidth
, and offsetHeight
attributes, which all give coordinates in CSS pixels
relative to the
offsetParent
. A node's offsetParent
will be its parent in the accessibility tree by default,
but authors can override this in order to absolutely-position
an element, or position it relative to any other element
on the page.
All AccessibilityNodes are EventTargets, so authors can register event listeners on them. AccessibilityNodes receive special accessibility input events that represent explicit intents to control the user agent via an accessibility API
Accessibility input events are needed for two reasons. First, because it's possible to create AccessibleNodes that don't correspond to a DOM node and authors need to be able to listen to events on these nodes. Second, because there are many types of specific user intents that can be communicated to the user agent via accessibility APIs that don't correspond to existing keyboard and mouse events - for example some assistive technology has keystrokes or gestures to increment a slider, or dismiss a pop-up.
interface AccessibleInputEvent : Event { }; interface AccessibleSetValueEvent : AccessibleInputEvent { attribute DOMString value; };
| event name | type | valid roles | fallback behavior |
|---|---|---|---|
"accessibleclick" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
all roles | Fire "click" event on DOM node |
"accessiblefocus" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
all roles | Focus the associated DOM element |
"accessiblesetvalue" |
AccessibleSetValueEvent |
"scrollbar" ,
"slider"
|
Change value of INPUT or TEXTAREA element |
"accessibleincrement" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
"scrollbar" ,
"slider"
|
Change value of INPUT type="range",
otherwise fire "keypress" with a
RightArrow key code
|
"accessibledecrement" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
"scrollbar" ,
"slider"
|
Change value of INPUT type="range",
otherwise fire "keypress" with a
LeftArrow key code
|
"accessibleselect" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
"cell" ,
"option"
|
Change selectedIndex of SELECT
otherwise fire "click" event
|
"accessiblescrollintoview" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
all roles | scroll DOM node into view |
"accessibledismiss" |
AccessibleInputEvent |
all roles | fire "keypress" with a
Escape key code |
Accessibility input events go through capture and bubble
phases, just like DOM events. The only difference is that
the capture and bubble phases happen entirely in the
accessibility tree. If the event is not canceled
(by calling preventDefault()
) after completely
going through the capture and bubble phases in the accessibility
tree, the event executes its fallback behavior,
as defined in the accessibility attribute table.
When an event's fallback behavior involves firing a DOM event, the event's target will be the associated DOM node of the target AccessibleNode, or the associated DOM node of the nearest ancestor of the target AccessibleNode that has one. Fallback DOM events will go through capture and bubble phases just like any other DOM events.
As an example, suppose an accessible click event is received on a button. Here's the sequence of what will occur:
stopPropagation()
is not called, the event
bubbles up to all event listeners on ancestors of the
target.
preventDefault()
was not called, the
event's fallback behavior is triggered. In this
case it fires a DOM "click"
event on the
targer AccessibleNode's associated DOM node, going through
capture and bubble phases in the DOM tree.
This spec is designed to be implemented in phases in order to accelerate the development process while providing ample opportunities for getting feedback from web authors and users while the spec is still under development.
partial interface Node { readonly attribute AccessibleDOMNode? accessibleNode; }; interface AccessibleNode { readonly attribute DOMString role; any getAttribute(DOMString attributeName); }; interface AccessibleDOMNode : AccessibleNode { readonly attribute Node node; };
This phase contains all of the functionality necessary to examine the accessibility attributes of any DOM node.
partial interface AccessibleNode { any getRelation(DOMString relationName); }; interface AccessibleNodeList { readonly attribute unsigned long length; getter AccessibleNode? getNode(unsigned long index); };
This phase adds the ability to expore the accessibility tree, including accessible nodes without associated DOM nodes, like nodes for generated CSS content. It also allows exploring other types of relationships like labelledBy and labelFor.
interface AccessibleNode { void setAttribute(DOMString attributeName, any value); };
This phase adds the ability to modify accessibility attributes.
[Constructor(DOMString role)] interface AccessibleNode { void setRelation(DOMString relationName, any relatives); };
This phase adds the ability to construct an AccessibleNode, rearrange AccessibleNodes within the accessibility tree, and set other relationship attributes.
[Constructor(DOMString role)] interface AccessibleNode : EventTarget { void focus(); void announce(DOMString message); };
The final phase adds support for all of the accessible input events and the ability to focus or post an announcement on an AccessibleNode.
The following were considered as possible accessibility attributes but were deferred for a future version of the spec. Please file a bug if you have a compelling use case for one of these.
checked
current
details
errorMessage
flowTo
keyboardShortcuts
liveAtomic
liveBusy
liveRelevant
liveStatus
modal
multiline
offscreen
pressed
roleDescription
scrollable
scrollX
scrollXMin
scrollXMax
scrollY
scrollYMin
scrollYMax
text
The following were considered as possible accessibility input events but were deferred for a future version of the spec. Please file a bug if you have a compelling use case for one of these.
"addtoselection"
"collapse"
"delete"
"expand"
"medianext"
"mediapause"
"mediaprevious"
"mediastart"
"mediastop"
"removefromselection"
"scroll"
"zoom"
Many thanks for valuable feedback, advice, and tools from: Robin Berjon, Marcos Caceres, Nan Wang, Ian Hickson, and Domenic Denicola.
Bogdan Brinza and Cynthia Shelley of Microsoft were editors of an earlier draft of this spec but are no longer participating.


{* this email is sent to the applicant after he applied for a job *}
[t]Dear {$name|escape},[/t]
[t]You have succesfully applied for a job: {$jobtitle|escape}[/t]
{if $display_vacancy_link}[t]Vacancy: [/t] [t]Vacancy [/t]
{/if}[t]We will contact you within a few days, to inform you about the first screening results. You can contact me by e-mail or telephone if you have any questions.[/t]
{if $ExratextSec}[t]Extra text[/t]
{/if} {if $LinkSec}[linkname][t]Your link text[/t][/linkname]
{/if}[t]Kind regards, {$contactPerson} {$client} {$website}[/t]
[t]Remark: this e-mail message has been automatically generated[/t]


Compiling a configuration file¶
Compiling the Open Source¶
Adding support for a new version for an already supported library, requires only to compile a new (*.json
) configuration file for it.
As Karta is a source code assisted plugin, this process requires you to compile the open source library according to the guidelines of the open source project, together with the specific guidelines that can be found in the compilations
directory.
Important: Karta will need two compiled parts for building the configuration
- A static library - .a in Linux, and .lib in Windows
- A folder containing all of the *.o (in Linux) or *.obj (in Windows) files
Note: Some libraries, such as OpenSSL, are split to several static libraries. In this case you should make sure you found all of the parts for each such static library
Running the script¶
Now that we have all of the parts, we should run karta_analyze_src.py
in the command line, using the following arguments:
C:\Users\user\Documents\Karta\src>python karta_analyze_src.py --help
usage: karta_analyze_src.py [-h] [-D] [-N] [-W]
lib-name lib-version dir archive [dir archive ...]
Compiles a *.json configuration file for a specific version of an open source
library, later to be used by Karta's Matcher.
positional arguments:
lib-name name (case sensitive) of the open source library
lib-version version string (case sensitive) as used by the identifier
dir archive directory with the compiled *.o / *.obj files + path to
the matching *.a / *.lib file (if didn't use "--no-
archive")
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-D, --debug set logging level to logging.DEBUG
-N, --no-archive extract data from all *.o / *.obj files in the directory
-W, --windows signals that the binary was compiled for Windows
Note: The script must be executed from Karta’s src directory.
- Name of the open source library (case sensitive)
- Version of the library (as will be identified by the identifier script)
- Path to the directory that contains the compiled (*.o / *.obj) files
- Path to the compiled static library file (if “–no-archive” wasn’t used) In case there are multiple static libraries, simply extend the list of “dir archive” (with archive) or list of “dir” (without archive), depending on the “–no-archive” flag)
The script will ask you for the path to your disassembler (IDA), and will suggest a default path. Enter the path to your disassembler, press ENTER, and a progress bar will show you the progress of the script.
Storing the config file¶
In the end, a new *.json
file will be generated (using the library name + version), and it should be stored together with the rest of the configuration files in the configs
directory.


Pat's comprehensive information processing style
means that they tend
to gather information about a problem before they
start to solve it. For instance, Pat might look up a tutorial.
Pat leans towards a comprehensive information processing style when
they need to
gather information to problem-solve. That is, before following some option
that seems promising, Pat first gathers information comprehensively
to try to form a complete understanding of the problem before trying to solve it.
Thus, their style is "burst-y";
first they read
a lot, then they act
on it in a batch of activity.


|
IM Profile | ||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
This interface defines methods to access information about a secure network connection. Protocols that implement secure connections may use this interface to report the security parameters of the connection.
It provides the certificate, protocol, version, and cipher suite, etc. in use.
CertificateException
,
SecureConnection
,
HttpsConnection
| Method Summary | |
String |
getCipherSuite()
Returns the name of the cipher suite in use for the connection. |
String |
getProtocolName()
Returns the secure protocol name. |
String |
getProtocolVersion()
Returns the protocol version. |
Certificate |
getServerCertificate()
Returns the Certificate used to establish the
secure connection with the server. |
| Method Detail |
public Certificate getServerCertificate()
Certificate
used to establish the
secure connection with the server.
Certificate
used to establish the
secure connection with the server.public String getProtocolVersion()
For SSL V3 it MUST return "3.0" For TLS 1.0 it MUST return "3.1" For WTLS (WAP-199) it MUST return "1" For WAP TLS Profile and Tunneling Specification it MUST return "3.1"
null
.public String getProtocolName()
String
containing the secure protocol identifier;
if TLS (RFC 2246) or WAP TLS Profile and Tunneling (WAP-219-TLS)
is used for the connection the return value is "TLS";
if SSL V3 (The SSL Protocol Version 3.0) is used for the connection;
the return value is "SSL");
if WTLS (WAP 199) is used for the connection the return value is "WTLS".public String getCipherSuite()
String
containing the name of the cipher suite
in use.
|
IM Profile | ||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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Phone: +971-4-2127599
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Phone: +33 1 40 08 44 44
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| WebGL/WebGPU/three.js Resources | |||||
|
Eric runs across WebGL resources and then tend to lose track of them, so he made this page. Feel free to send him suggestions.
Browser-related
Does this browser support WebGL? Test here.
Reference PagesKhronos Reference cardKhronos Wiki. Blacklist of GPUs that don't run WebGL. OpenGL ES Shading Language functions, used for WebGL/Three.js shaders. Forums and NewsWebGL Dev List on Google GroupsTwitter: #threejs, #webgl Reddit: three.js, WebGL ToolsSpector.js for examining renders and state. Documentation.about:tracing in Google Chrome, for examining GPU and CPU usage. Debuggers and profilers, profiling tips, browser editors, Cozzi's list (old) Firefox Canvas Debugger Shader compile/link performance Chrome shader editor Texture Format Tester Analyzing traces Three.jsHomepage (which includes so very much), Lee Stemkoski's demos, Yomotsu examples, Udacity demos and codeIntroductory tutorial from an free book, with coding inside the browser. Quick reference, API, wiki docs, object overview Thumbnails of examples useful links page Demos: beyond three.js's, find more at Learning Three.js, Edan Kwan, Fractal Fantasy, and Autodesk Forge. Source code Editor Intro "live" slideset (and my own fork), basics article. Courses and Tutorials for WebGL and Three.jsWebGL Fundamentals and WebGL2 Fundamentals have numerous articles on getting started and specific subjects.The three.js homepage links to
Udacity three.js MOOC course signup, resources, and syllabus (dead links) - quite old, but the graphics lectures and general three.js knowledge is still valid (I admit a bias, as I designed it). Barcelona WebGL MOOC course homepage WebGL Lessons: Three.js Shaders on github Steven Wittens' lovely computer graphics lessons using Three.js, and WebGL intro demofest Tarek Sherif's tutorial slide presentation and repository. SIGGRAPH University introduction to WebGL WebGL 2Khronos Reference cardSpecification, related OpenGL ES 3.0 specification How to start using WebGL 2. New features in WebGL 2. Samples and examples, and bugs. PicoGL.js - a minimal WebGL 2 rendering library; tutorial Fun with WebGL 2.0 - short tutorial videos, code repository, and blog SIGGRAPH WebGL BOF videos: 2016, 2017, 2018 Brandon Jones' blog How Cesium creates a WebGL 2 context Many more articles can be found at Jendrik Ullner's site - search on "webgl" File FormatsglTFWebVRWebVR info pageWebGPUWebGPU specChrome ships WebGPU Will Usher's tutorials: Hello world triangle, bind groups WebGPU Error Handling best practices Many more articles can be found at Jendrik Ullner's site - search on "webgpu" Other FrameworksShadertoy - play with, test, and share procedural shadersbabylon.js glslify - for shaders Polygonjs - node-based shaders and more PlayCanvas WebGLStudio.js A-FRAME - for VR, built atop three.js CesiumJS - for globes and maps Still more options Wikipedia list CompressionOpen3DGCOpenCTM Draco More LinksJust can't get enough? Here are more on WebGL and many other subjects.BooksAn undifferentiated listing of what I've found out there, though not exhaustive - I avoid "web technology" compendiums ("Learn Three.js, WebGL, HTML 5, and everything else in 24 Hours!") and books with no ratings and little information about them. Books are newest to oldest, and those older than five years old have been removed. Some books do come with free sample chapters and code samples (or the whole volume!), and some have extensive samples on Amazon or Google Books, linked.
Thanks to Patrick Cozzi for collecting many of the links to tools.
Contact: Eric Haines
|


Open a csv file:
The csv file represents an array of z values, with the first row representing z values when x = 0, the last row representing z values when x = 1, the first column representing z values when y = 0, and the last column representing z values when y = 1. Here is a simple data file example, and a more complex one.
This has been tested on the latest versions of Chrome and Firefox. It uses webgl for hardware accelerated graphics, which may not yet be properly supported in Internet Explorer, Safari, or other browsers.


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A
C
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A
app
- package app
C
Constants
- class app.
Constants
.
Manifest constants for this application.
Constants()
- Constructor for class app.
Constants
D
DEBUG
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The value to indicate debug logging.
F
fixId(String)
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
Transform id so that it will match any conventions used by user directory.
G
getInstance()
- Static method in class app.
UserDirectory
getPassword()
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Return the password.
getPassword(String)
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
getUserIds()
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
getUsername()
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Return the username.
I
isUserExist(String)
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
isUserLogon(String, String)
- Method in class app.
LogonAction
Validate credentials with business tier.
isValidPassword(String, String)
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
L
LogoffAction
- class app.
LogoffAction
.
Implementation of
Action
that processes a user logoff.
LogoffAction()
- Constructor for class app.
LogoffAction
LOGON
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The token that represents the logon activity in an ActionForward.
LogonAction
- class app.
LogonAction
.
Implementation of
Action
that validates a user logon.
LogonAction()
- Constructor for class app.
LogonAction
LogonForm
- class app.
LogonForm
.
Form bean for the user profile page.
LogonForm()
- Constructor for class app.
LogonForm
N
NORMAL
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The value to indicate normal logging.
P
p
- Static variable in class app.
UserDirectory
Package
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The package name for this application.
password
- Variable in class app.
LogonForm
The password.
perform(ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
- Method in class app.
LogonAction
Login the user.
perform(ActionMapping, ActionForm, HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
- Method in class app.
LogoffAction
Logoff the user.
R
reset(ActionMapping, HttpServletRequest)
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Reset all properties to their default values.
S
setPassword(String)
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Set the password.
setUser(String, String)
- Method in class app.
UserDirectory
setUsername(String)
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Set the username.
SUCCESS
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The token that represents a nominal outcome in an ActionForward.
U
USER_KEY
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The session scope attribute under which the Username for the currently logged in user is stored.
userDirectory
- Static variable in class app.
UserDirectory
UserDirectory
- class app.
UserDirectory
.
UserDirectory()
- Constructor for class app.
UserDirectory
UserDirectoryException
- exception app.
UserDirectoryException
.
UserDirectoryException()
- Constructor for class app.
UserDirectoryException
UserDirectoryFile
- Static variable in class app.
UserDirectory
UserDirectoryHeader
- Static variable in class app.
UserDirectory
username
- Variable in class app.
LogonForm
The username.
V
validate(ActionMapping, HttpServletRequest)
- Method in class app.
LogonForm
Ensure that both fields have been input.
W
WELCOME
- Static variable in class app.
Constants
The token that represents the welcome activity in an ActionForward.
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Copyright © 2001-2002 - Apache Software Foundation


Getting Started¶
If you want to analyze scattering data, let’s get started!
Installation¶
The toolbox is available from GitHub, see http://irpgoe.github.io/nanodiffraction for more information. Simply clone the toolbox into a directory of your choice using
>>> git clone https://github.com/irpgoe/nanodiffraction.git
and add the directory to your Matlab search path.
Reading data¶
A few words about the intended structure of the nanodiffraction toolbox. It is logically separated into three main modules, each dedicated to its own task. First, there is the files
module. It can be initialized with the following line of code:
>>> f = files();
Usually, the files
module is used to read a detector image. For this purpose, we use the read
method of the files module, as in the following example:
>>> f.read(1); % reads the first frame
Now, a few questions arise: (1) What detector was used and (2) what does this number (1) stand for? If the files module is initialized as above, default values are used for the path to the location where the data is stored, the type of detector that was used, etc. Let us therefore look at a more realistic example:
>>> f = files( 'beamline','id13',...
'prepath','/home/Labdata-Archive/AG_Salditt/Messzeiten_Rohdaten/2018/extern/ESRF_ID13_ls2728_Jan2018/DATA/AUTO-TRANSFER/eiger1',...
'newfile','setup3',...
'detector','eiger',...
'scan',11);
This set of values is the essential minimum that the files module need to access the data. A complete description is given in the respective chapter on the files module. Now, you should be able to read a single detector frame using
>>> frame = f.read(1); % reads the first frame
The index, here 1, is the frame number, i.e. the n-th (here: first) frame acquired for a given newfile
.
Processing data¶
To actually analyze the data, we need to have methods that can be applied to process the data obtained from files
. We use the nanodiffraction
module for this purpose. It is basically a collection of all geometrical and experimental parameters and related methods that can be used for batch processing of the data. This module can be either initialized with default values or directly with the appropriate experimental parameters, as in the following lines of code:
>>> e = nanodiffraction('energy',13E3,...
'detDistance',0.971434,...
'pixelsize',75E-6,...
'Ny',2070,...
'Nz',2167,...
'pby',1468.934,...
'pbz',1315.318);
The parameters should in this case be rather self-explanatory. For a more in-depth explanation of each parameter, see the respective module description. Let us proceed to analyze a simple STXM (scanning transmission X-ray microscopy) scan. For this purpose, we want to go through all frames within a single scan and calculate the total number of scattered photons. First, we need to initialize the scan parameters with the following line:
>>> e.set_scan_info('SNy',100,'SNz',100);
This defines the horizontal (SNy) and vertical (SNz) scan dimensions. We then simply need to call the most used method of this module, analyze_scan
:
>>> e.analyze_scan('method','stxm');
But, hugh, it doesn’t work? That’s because the nanodiffraction
module does not yet know, where to get the data from. The toolbox therefore contains a function that can link the processing module to the file reading module:
>>> link(f,e)
A full (but minimal) example might therefore look like this:
>>> f = files(...);
>>> e = nanodiffraction(...);
>>> link(f,e)
>>>
>>> e.set_scan_info('SNy',100,'SNz',100);
>>> result = e.analyze_scan('method','stxm');
Visualizing data¶
For simple visualization purposes, you might use built-in Matlab functions (imagesc, imshow, etc…). You could however also make use of the display
module that contains pre-defined routines for visualization of diffraction data and resulting 2D maps of some structure parameter.
In general, it is as simple as typing:
>>> d = display();
>>> d.stxm(darkfield);
Summary¶
The above is short description of how a simple use case of the nanodiffraction toolbox could look like. More information is given in the Guide section. In addition, each function contains a help block. The usage of each function can therefore be obtained in Matlab by typing
>>> help pca
for the case of the function pca
. You can also obtain help on a module
>>> help nanodiffraction
or a method of a module
>>> help files.show_configuration
In all other cases, feel free to contact the author of the toolbox directly.


Sajid Javid will remain chancellor if Conservatives win election
by Stefan BosciaBoris Johnson has confirmed Sajid Javid will remain chancellor if the Tories are re-elected.
Johnson emphatically confirmed Javid would continue in the post at this morning’s CBI conference in London.
Read more: Sajid Javid: My pitch to the businesses of Britain
“I’m going to give you an absolutely categorical assurance I will keep Sajid Javid as my chancellor,” he said.
“I think he’s a great guy and i think he is doing a fantastic job and I’m proud to count him as a colleague.”
Javid has formerly held the positions of home secretary and culture secretary under Theresa May and David Cameron respectively.
Before entering politics he was a partner at Chase Manhattan Bank , before rising to become a board member of Deutsche Bank.
The chancellor committed the Conservatives to cutting business tax today in an op ed for City A.M.
“Last week I set out plans to borrow responsibly through clear fiscal rules to ensure we have 21st century road and rail links, the best broadband and the greenest economy,” he said.
“So we will offer businesses certainty, reduced costs, smart long-term investment and responsible economic management.”
Boris Johnson also announced at the CBI conference that plans to cut corporation tax to 17 per cent had been shelved.
He said the change had been made to free up funding for the Health Service.
“We proudly back business across this country because we understand it is they, you pay for the NHS,” he said.
Read more: Sajid Javid: My pitch to the businesses of Britain
“Because the NHS is the nation’s priority and our priority and because we believe emphatically in fiscal prudence, I hope you don’t mind that I also announce today that we are postponing further cuts in corporation tax.
“Before you storm the stage and protest, let me remind you that this saves £6bn we can put into the priorities of the British people.”


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In C#, a class can define own events and other classes can register it to be notified when something happen. This is useful for a desktop application or standalone windows service. But, for a web application it's a bit problematic since objects are created in a web request and they are short-lived. It's hard to register some class's events. Also, directly registering to another class's event makes classes tightly coupled.
Domain events are used to decouple and re-use business logic in an application.
EventBus is a singleton object that is shared by all other classes to trigger and handle events. To use the event bus, you should get a reference to it. You can do it in two way.
You can directly use EventBus.Default. It's the global event bus and can be used as shown below:
EventBus.Default.Trigger(...); //trigger an event
Instead of directly using EventBus.Default, you can use dependency injection to get a reference to IEventBus. This is better for unit tests. Here, we use property injection pattern:
public class TaskAppService : ApplicationService
{
public IEventBus EventBus { get; set; }
public TaskAppService()
{
EventBus = NullEventBus.Instance;
}
}
Property injection is more proper than constructor injection to inject the event bus. Thus, your class can work without event bus. NullEventBus implements null object pattern. When you call it's methods, it does nothing at all.
Before trigger an event, you should define the event first. An event is represented by a class that is derived from EventData. Assume that we want to trigger an event when a task is completed:
public class TaskCompletedEventData : EventData
{
public int TaskId { get; set; }
}
This class contains properties those are needed by class that handles the event. EventData class defines EventSource (which object triggered the event) and EventTime (when it's triggered) properties.
ASP.NET Boilerplate defines AbpHandledExceptionData and triggers this event when it automatically handles any exception. This is especially useful if you want to get more information about exceptions (even ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically logs all exceptions). You can register to this event to be informed when an exception occurs.
Entity Changes
There are also generic event data classes for entity changes: EntityCreatingEventData<TEntity>, EntityCreatedEventData<TEntity>, EntityUpdatingEventData<TEntity>, EntityUpdatedEventData<TEntity>, EntityDeletingEventData<TEntity> and EntityDeletedEventData<TEntity>. Also, there are EntityChangingEventData<TEntity> and EntityChangedEventData<TEntity>. A change can be insert, update or delete.
'ing' events (ex: EntityUpdating) are triggered befor saving changes. So, you can rollback the unit of work to prevent the operation by throwing exceptions in these events. 'ed' events (ex: EntityUpdated) are triggered after saving changes and no chance to rollback the unit of work.
Entity change events are defined in Abp.Events.Bus.Entities namespace and are automatically triggered by ASP.NET Boilerplate when an entity is inserted, updated or deleted. If you have a Person entity, can register to EntityCreatedEventData<Person> to be informed when a new Person created and inserted to database. These events also supports inheritance. If Student class derived from Person class and you registered to EntityCreatedEventData<Person>, you will be informed when a Person or Student inserted.
Triggering an event is simple:
public class TaskAppService : ApplicationService
{
public IEventBus EventBus { get; set; }
public TaskAppService()
{
EventBus = NullEventBus.Instance;
}
public void CompleteTask(CompleteTaskInput input)
{
//TODO: complete the task on database...
EventBus.Trigger(new TaskCompletedEventData {TaskId = 42});
}
}
There are some overloads of the trigger method:
EventBus.Trigger<TaskCompletedEventData>(new TaskCompletedEventData { TaskId = 42 }); //Explicitly declare generic argument
EventBus.Trigger(this, new TaskCompletedEventData { TaskId = 42 }); //Set 'event source' as 'this'
EventBus.Trigger(typeof(TaskCompletedEventData), this, new TaskCompletedEventData { TaskId = 42 }); //Call non-generic version (first argument is the type of the event class)
To handle an event, you should implement IEventHandler<T> interface as shown below:
public class ActivityWriter : IEventHandler<TaskCompletedEventData>, ITransientDependency
{
public void HandleEvent(TaskCompletedEventData eventData)
{
WriteActivity("A task is completed by id = " + eventData.TaskId);
}
}
EventBus is integrated with dependency injection system. As we implemented ITransientDependency above, when a TaskCompleted event occured, it creates a new instance of ActivityWriter class and calls it's HandleEvent method, then disposes it. See dependency injection for more.
Eventbus supports inheritance of events. For example, you can create a TaskEventData and two derived classes: TaskCompletedEventData and TaskCreatedEventData:
public class TaskEventData : EventData
{
public Task Task { get; set; }
}
public class TaskCreatedEventData : TaskEventData
{
public User CreatorUser { get; set; }
}
public class TaskCompletedEventData : TaskEventData
{
public User CompletorUser { get; set; }
}
Then you can implement IEventHandler<TaskEventData> to handle both of the events:
public class ActivityWriter : IEventHandler<TaskEventData>, ITransientDependency
{
public void HandleEvent(TaskEventData eventData)
{
if (eventData is TaskCreatedEventData)
{
//...
}
else if (eventData is TaskCompletedEventData)
{
//...
}
}
}
Surely, you can implement IEventHandler<EventData> to handle all of events if you want.
You can handle multiple events in a single handler. In this time, you should implement IEventHandler<T> for each event. Example:
public class ActivityWriter :
IEventHandler<TaskCompletedEventData>,
IEventHandler<TaskCreatedEventData>,
ITransientDependency
{
public void HandleEvent(TaskCompletedEventData eventData)
{
//TODO: handle the event...
}
public void HandleEvent(TaskCreatedEventData eventData)
{
//TODO: handle the event...
}
}
We must register the handler to the event bus in order to handle events.
ASP.NET Boilerplate scans all classes those implement IEventHandler and registers them to the eventbus automatically. When an event occures, it uses dependency injection to get a reference to the handler and releases the handler after handling the event. This is the suggested way of using event bus in ASP.NET Boilerplate.
It is also possible to manually register to events but use it with caution. In a web application, event registration should be done at application start. It's not a good approach to register to an event in a web request since registered classes remain registered after request completion and keep re-registering for each request. This may cause problems for your application since registered class can be called multiple times. Also keep in mind that manual registration does not use dependency injection system.
There are some overloads of register method of the event bus. The simplest one waits a delegate (or a lambda):
EventBus.Register<TaskCompletedEventData>(eventData =>
{
WriteActivity("A task is completed by id = " + eventData.TaskId);
});
Thus, then a 'task completed' event occurs, this lambda method is called. Second one waits an object that implements IEventHandler<T>:
EventBus.Register<TaskCompletedEventData>(new ActivityWriter());
Same instance ıf ActivityWriter is called for events. This method has also a non-generic overload. Another overload accepts two generic arguments:
EventBus.Register<TaskCompletedEventData, ActivityWriter>();
In this time, event bus created a new ActivityWriter for each event. It calls ActivityWriter.Dispose method if it's disposable.
Lastly, you can register a event handler factory to handle creation of handlers. A handler factory has two methods: GetHandler and ReleaseHandler. Example:
public class ActivityWriterFactory : IEventHandlerFactory
{
public IEventHandler GetHandler()
{
return new ActivityWriter();
}
public void ReleaseHandler(IEventHandler handler)
{
//TODO: release/dispose the activity writer instance (handler)
}
}
There is also a special factory class, the IocHandlerFactory, that can be used to use dependency injection system to create/release handlers. ASP.NET Boilerplate also uses this class in automatic registration mode. So, if you want to use dependency injection system, directly use automatic registration.
When you manually register to event bus, you may want to unregister to the event later. Simplest way of unregistering an event is disposing the return value of the Register method. Example:
//Register to an event...
var registration = EventBus.Register<TaskCompletedEventData>(eventData => WriteActivity("A task is completed by id = " + eventData.TaskId) );
//Unregister from event
registration.Dispose();
Surely, unregistration will be somewhere and sometime else. Keep registration object and dispose it when you want to unregister. All overloads of the Register method returns a disposable object to unregister to the event.
EventBus also provides Unregister method. Example usage:
//Create a handler
var handler = new ActivityWriter();
//Register to the event
EventBus.Register<TaskCompletedEventData>(handler);
//Unregister from event
EventBus.Unregister<TaskCompletedEventData>(handler);
It also provides overloads to unregister delegates and factories. Unregistering handler object must be the same object which is registered before.
Lastly, EventBus provides a UnregisterAll<T>() method to unregister all handlers of an event and UnregisterAll() method to unregister all handlers of all events.


Ed , Edd and Eddy was an early childhood show that I enjoyed watching.The main characters there were Ed (Mono Brow, Big Lump), Edd (Double D, Sock head) and Eddy (The man with the plans, No neck chump). Other characters include Jimmy, Rolf, Sarah, Nazz, Kevin, Johny and the Kanker Sisters. What makes this cartoon series enjoyable is how Eddy comes up with scams and can even sell a radio just to get a jaw breaker.
 I once did eat a jaw breaker and I do agree that a child's taste buds should be engulfed by the sweetness of that candy. The three main actors are usually beaten by the rest of the neighbour hood kids but what I have never understood is why ed is beaten by them. He is stronger than all children in that society but dumb. I do agree that Rolf, the son of a shephard is strong and loves to show off his muscles but Ed is stronger than him by far.
I look at another group of three scouts. They are called the Sub-urban Rangers. That group consists of three members, Rolf the son of a shephard, Jimmy and Johnny. There is also an addition of the plank of wood, Plank. Plank is an imaginary friend of Johnny and surprises me a lot. Johnny is not smart but that plank of wood seems to be even more smarter and clever by far than Eddy, who, by the way, is the kingpin of all scams in the whole neighbourhood.


Page 14 of 14
3. Do you regularly set positive goals for your work life, your relationships or health, and relaxation?
Sample Neural Network Processing


Listen here to Melissa's Composition Blue ocean prelude on spotify
Blue Ocean Prelude By Melissa Pianiviola
Blue ocean Prelude available on


public class CoordinateArrays
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
CoordinateArrays.BidirectionalComparator
A
Comparator for Coordinate arrays
modulo their directionality. |
static class |
CoordinateArrays.ForwardComparator
A
Comparator for Coordinate arrays
in the forward direction of their coordinates,
using lexicographic ordering. |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
CoordinateArrays() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static Coordinate[] |
atLeastNCoordinatesOrNothing(int n,
Coordinate[] c)
Returns either the given coordinate array if its length is greater than the
given amount, or an empty coordinate array.
|
static int |
compare(Coordinate[] pts1,
Coordinate[] pts2)
Compares two
Coordinate arrays
in the forward direction of their coordinates,
using lexicographic ordering. |
static Coordinate[] |
copyDeep(Coordinate[] coordinates)
Creates a deep copy of the argument
Coordinate array. |
static void |
copyDeep(Coordinate[] src,
int srcStart,
Coordinate[] dest,
int destStart,
int length)
Creates a deep copy of a given section of a source
Coordinate array
into a destination Coordinate array. |
static Envelope |
envelope(Coordinate[] coordinates)
Computes the envelope of the coordinates.
|
static boolean |
equals(Coordinate[] coord1,
Coordinate[] coord2)
Returns true if the two arrays are identical, both null, or pointwise
equal (as compared using Coordinate#equals)
|
static boolean |
equals(Coordinate[] coord1,
Coordinate[] coord2,
java.util.Comparator coordinateComparator)
Returns true if the two arrays are identical, both null, or pointwise
equal, using a user-defined
Comparator for Coordinate s |
static Coordinate[] |
extract(Coordinate[] pts,
int start,
int end)
|
static boolean |
hasRepeatedPoints(Coordinate[] coord)
Returns whether #equals returns true for any two consecutive Coordinates
in the given array.
|
static int |
increasingDirection(Coordinate[] pts)
Determines which orientation of the
Coordinate array
is (overall) increasing. |
static int |
indexOf(Coordinate coordinate,
Coordinate[] coordinates)
Returns the index of
coordinate in coordinates . |
static Coordinate[] |
intersection(Coordinate[] coordinates,
Envelope env)
Extracts the coordinates which intersect an
Envelope . |
static boolean |
isRing(Coordinate[] pts)
Tests whether an array of
Coordinate s forms a ring,
by checking length and closure. |
static Coordinate |
minCoordinate(Coordinate[] coordinates)
Returns the minimum coordinate, using the usual lexicographic comparison.
|
static Coordinate |
ptNotInList(Coordinate[] testPts,
Coordinate[] pts)
Finds a point in a list of points which is not contained in another list of points
|
static Coordinate[] |
removeNull(Coordinate[] coord)
Collapses a coordinate array to remove all null elements.
|
static Coordinate[] |
removeRepeatedPoints(Coordinate[] coord)
If the coordinate array argument has repeated points,
constructs a new array containing no repeated points.
|
static void |
reverse(Coordinate[] coord)
Reverses the coordinates in an array in-place.
|
static void |
scroll(Coordinate[] coordinates,
Coordinate firstCoordinate)
Shifts the positions of the coordinates until
firstCoordinate
is first. |
static Coordinate[] |
toCoordinateArray(java.util.Collection coordList)
Converts the given Collection of Coordinates into a Coordinate array.
|
public static boolean isRing(Coordinate[] pts)
Coordinate
s forms a ring,
by checking length and closure.
Self-intersection is not checked.pts
- an array of Coordinatespublic static Coordinate ptNotInList(Coordinate[] testPts, Coordinate[] pts)
testPts
- the Coordinate
s to testpts
- an array of Coordinate
s to test the input points againstCoordinate
from testPts
which is not in pts
, '
or null
public static int compare(Coordinate[] pts1, Coordinate[] pts2)
Coordinate
arrays
in the forward direction of their coordinates,
using lexicographic ordering.pts1
- pts2
- public static int increasingDirection(Coordinate[] pts)
Coordinate
array
is (overall) increasing.
In other words, determines which end of the array is "smaller"
(using the standard ordering on Coordinate
).
Returns an integer indicating the increasing direction.
If the sequence is a palindrome, it is defined to be
oriented in a positive direction.pts
- the array of Coordinates to test1
if the array is smaller at the start
or is a palindrome,
-1
if smaller at the endpublic static Coordinate[] copyDeep(Coordinate[] coordinates)
Coordinate
array.coordinates
- an array of Coordinatespublic static void copyDeep(Coordinate[] src, int srcStart, Coordinate[] dest, int destStart, int length)
Coordinate
array
into a destination Coordinate array.
The destination array must be an appropriate size to receive
the copied coordinates.src
- an array of CoordinatessrcStart
- the index to start copying fromdest
- thedestStart
- the destination index to start copying tolength
- the number of items to copypublic static Coordinate[] toCoordinateArray(java.util.Collection coordList)
public static boolean hasRepeatedPoints(Coordinate[] coord)
public static Coordinate[] atLeastNCoordinatesOrNothing(int n, Coordinate[] c)
public static Coordinate[] removeRepeatedPoints(Coordinate[] coord)
hasRepeatedPoints(Coordinate[])
public static Coordinate[] removeNull(Coordinate[] coord)
coord
- the coordinate array to collapsepublic static void reverse(Coordinate[] coord)
public static boolean equals(Coordinate[] coord1, Coordinate[] coord2)
Coordinate.equals(Object)
public static boolean equals(Coordinate[] coord1, Coordinate[] coord2, java.util.Comparator coordinateComparator)
Comparator
for Coordinate
scoord1
- an array of Coordinatescoord2
- an array of CoordinatescoordinateComparator
- a Comparator for Coordinatespublic static Coordinate minCoordinate(Coordinate[] coordinates)
coordinates
- the array to searchcompareTo
Coordinate.compareTo(Object)
public static void scroll(Coordinate[] coordinates, Coordinate firstCoordinate)
firstCoordinate
is first.coordinates
- the array to rearrangefirstCoordinate
- the coordinate to make firstpublic static int indexOf(Coordinate coordinate, Coordinate[] coordinates)
coordinate
in coordinates
.
The first position is 0; the second, 1; etc.coordinate
- the Coordinate
to search forcoordinates
- the array to searchcoordinate
, or -1 if it is
not foundpublic static Coordinate[] extract(Coordinate[] pts, int start, int end)
Coordinate
array
from indices start
to
end
(inclusive).
The input indices are clamped to the array size;
If the end index is less than the start index,
the extracted array will be empty.pts
- the input arraystart
- the index of the start of the subsequence to extractend
- the index of the end of the subsequence to extractpublic static Envelope envelope(Coordinate[] coordinates)
coordinates
- the coordinates to scanpublic static Coordinate[] intersection(Coordinate[] coordinates, Envelope env)
Envelope
.coordinates
- the coordinates to scanenv
- the envelope to intersect with


What is the point of this project?
The project is a part of my Creative Web Development course. The purpose of this project is to utilize Google Analytics in order to see how far this message makes it, and what my audience demographics are. So if you feel compelled, please, share with your friends studying abroad or living around the globe! Hopefully some of the advice on the home page will stick with you, they're some of my favorite pieces of advice I've collected over the years. Thanks for taking the time to check out my page, and all my best!
- Nick


Hi, I'm Jean-Pierre Barthelemy
I currently work as a Senior Full-Stack Developer at
Warner Bros.
I also teach a course on Full-Stack Development at
UCLA Extension
in Los Angeles.
Email at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to get in touch.


FOSSASIA built the Pocket Science Lab app as an open source app. This SERVICE is provided by FOSSASIA and is intended for use as is.
This page is used to inform website visitors regarding our policies with the collection, use, and disclosure of Personal Information if anyone decided to use our Service.
If you choose to use our Service, then you agree to the collection and use of information in relation with this policy. The Personal Information that we collect are used for providing and improving the Service. We will not use or share your information with anyone except as described in this Privacy Policy.
The terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions, which is accessible at Pocket Science Lab app, unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy.
Information Collection and Use
For a better experience while using our Service, we may require you to provide us with certain personally identifiable information, including but not limited to users name, address, location, pictures. The information that we request will be retained by us and used as described in this privacy policy.
Log Data
We want to inform you that whenever you use our Service, in case of an error in the app we collect data and information (through third party products) on your phone called Log Data. This Log Data may include information such as your devices’s Internet Protocol (“IP”) address, device name, operating system version, configuration of the app when utilising our Service, the time and date of your use of the Service, and other statistics.
Service Providers
We may employ third-party companies and individuals due to the following reasons:
We want to inform users of this Service that these third parties have access to your Personal Information. The reason is to perform the tasks assigned to them on our behalf. However, they are obligated not to disclose or use the information for any other purpose.
Security
We value your trust in providing us your Personal Information, thus we are striving to use commercially acceptable means of protecting it. But remember that no method of transmission over the internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure and reliable, and we cannot guarantee its absolute security.
Links to Other Sites
This Service may contain links to other sites. If you click on a third-party link, you will be directed to that site. Note that these external sites are not operated by us. Therefore, We strongly advise you to review the Privacy Policy of these websites. We have no control over, and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third-party sites or services.
Changes to This Privacy Policy
We may update our Privacy Policy from time to time. Thus, you are advised to review this page periodically for any changes. We will notify you of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page. These changes are effective immediately, after they are posted on this page.
Contact Us
If you have any questions or suggestions about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us. dev@fossasia.com


Sonex Flat panels offer all the benefits of acoustical foam panels, but
with a flat face. These panels can be applied directly to walls and
ceilings, as well as used inside HVAC systems, to help quiet sound
reverberation.
Sonex Flat panels are made of Class 1 fire-rated willtec
foam.
Sonex Flat panels are easy to install on any wall and/or ceiling
surface with PA-02 adhesive. Installers can attach them in HVAC systems
using general HVAC mounting clips.
These panels are easily cut in the field using a sharp utility
knife.
Pricing
Color
Sheet
Size
Thickness
Sheets Per Box
Coverage
Part #
Price Per Box
Natural
Grey
24" x 24"
1/2"
12
48 sq.ft.
FL2205G
$114
1"
30
120 sq.ft.
FL2210G
$315
1-1/2"
20
80 sq.ft.
FL2215G
$280
2"
12
48 sq.ft.
FL2220G
$252
24" x 48"
1/2"
24
192 sq.ft.
FL2405G
$402
1"
12
96 sq.ft.
FL2410G
$275
1-1/2"
8
64 sq.ft.
FL2415G
$218
2"
6
48 sq.ft.
FL2420G
$202
48" x 48"
1"
12
192 sq.ft.
FL4410G
$508
1-1/2"
8
128 sq.ft.
FL4415G
$560
2"
6
96 sq.ft.
FL4420G
$487
Natural White
24" x 24"
1/2"
12
48 sq. ft.
FL2205W
$133
1"
30
120 sq. ft.
FL2210W
$369
1-1/2"
20
80 sq. ft.
FL2215W
$328
2"
12
48 sq. ft.
FL2220W
$273
24" x 48"
1/2"
24
192 sq. ft.
FL2405W
$470
1"
12
96 sq. ft.
FL2410W
$322
1-1/2"
8
64 sq. ft.
FL2415W
$255
2"
6
48 sq. ft.
FL2420W
$236
48" x 48"
1"
12
192 sq. ft.
FL4410W
$594
1-1/2"
8
128 sq. ft.
FL4415W
$584
2"
6
96 sq. ft.
FL4420W
$534
Sizes are available up to 48" x 96". Call for alternative color options and sizes.<PHONE_NUMBER>


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Ghibli Galore
“They say that the best blaze burns brightest when circumstances are at their worst.”


 Please login to your Hawkpost account or sign up if you don't have one." %}
{% trans "Note that if you've signed up using your email address, you need to verify it to get access. To do this, simply visit the link provided in the email that was sent to you upon registration." %}


Sentiment analysis is a method to understand the mood and connotations associated text, especially with user-generated content.
In the marketing context, there are many applications such as understanding user reviews, or understanding user
sentiment related to specific products or brands in general.
The Sentiment Analysis API will take a string of text as input, and return a numeric score on a scale of 0 to
1. The score is calculated based on n-grams, features from part-of-speech tagging, and word embeddings.


Press release
Young workers earning the National Minimum Wage are set to receive a pay rise of up to £450 a year from today (1 October 2016).
Young workers earning the National Minimum Wage are set to receive a pay rise of up to £450 a year from today (1 October 2016).
Around 270,000 workers aged 21 to 24 years earning the minimum wage will see their hourly wage rise by 25p an hour to £6.95. It is the largest increase since 2008, outstripping average wage growth and inflation.
The new rate is the highest ever National Minimum Wage in real terms, surpassing the previous pre-recession peak. Those working 35 hours a week will get a boost of £450 a year.
Around 210,000 workers aged under-21 years and apprentices will also see an increase to their earnings.
Business Secretary Greg Clark said:
The government promised to create an economy that works for all and today’s increase means our lowest paid workers will benefit from their largest pay rise since the recession.
This will make a real difference to hard-working people up and down the country and means for the vast majority of workers, the National Minimum Wage is at its highest level in real terms.
Everyone entitled to the national minimum or living wage has to receive it. Employers who fail to pay are found and punished, as well as being publicly named and shamed.
The government has increased HMRC ’s enforcement budget this year by £7 million, improving its ability to crack down on employers who fail to pay staff properly.
The rise in the National Minimum Wage follows the introduction of the £7.20 National Living Wage in April 2016 for those aged 25 years and over, giving around 1.3 million workers a pay rise.
Published: 1 October 2016


Plugins (TBD)
Framework for schema(s) specific applications - simplified/more user friendly configuration approach than the generic configuration tree in the configuration tab, for example:


Warning! Any changes made in this area will have severe effects on your account. Please proceed with caution.


Whether this player is anonymous and not tied to a user on the back end
If this is ever false, then that means 1. we have a backend setup 2. there is an actual user entry
Path to player's directory, not the file to be executed/used. Value is necessary if storage system is not used or there is no bot key because the player is anonymous (locally stored). Used so tournament can clean up old bot directory when a new bot is uploaded
Key that references the player's bot file object if it exists
Whether or not this player is disabled and won't be used in in the default match scheduling for {@link Tournament.Ladder | Ladder Tournaments}. Is set to true if this player's bot throws an error during the initialization stage of a Match.
Associated username if there is one
The version of the bot associated with this player. Incremented whenever addPlayer is called
Path to the zip file for the bot. Used when no storage service is used. Used to allow api to send zipped bot file
Generates a 12 character player id string
Generated using TypeDoc
Player class that persists data for the same ephemereal agent across multiple matches. Used for {@link Tournament | Tournaments}


With padding
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With padding and pageLock
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Images as links
Previous
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One image
With margin
With track padding
With exact fit
Previous
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With exact fit
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With allowEmptySpace
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--- layout: post title: Progress Update post_id: 295 categories: - odds & ends date: 2004-03-20 15:36:00.000000000 -07:00 author: Jamis permalink: 2004/3/20/progress-update.html ---
Well, I’ve got Gnome up and running, and the network (wired) works. Sound doesn’t work yet, but then I haven’t spent much time on that. The last 3 hours have been focussed on getting the wireless card working with the ndiswrapper driver… Mixed success so far. It seems to find the card okay, and to load the driver, but then I can’t set the ESSID and it can’t seem to find any wrieless networks. (And yet, the computer sitting right next to-the one that I’m typing this note on right now-is connected to the Internet via a wireless connection, so I know there is one.)
I’m far to tired. It’s time to sleep, I guess. Here’s hoping for better luck tomorrow.


$C823/51235: Perform [S] - Scratch command C823: 20 98 C3 JSR $C398 ; ascertain file type C826: 20 20 C3 JSR $C320 ; get drive number C829: 20 CA C3 JSR $C3CA ; initialize drive if needed C82C: A9 00 LDA #$00 C82E: 85 86 STA $86 ; counter for erased files C830: 20 9D C4 JSR $C49D ; search for file in directory C833: 30 3D BMI $C872 ; not found? Jump from $C870: C835: 20 B7 DD JSR $DDB7 ; is file open C838: 90 33 BCC $C86D ; yes C83A: A0 00 LDY #$00 C83C: B1 94 LDA ($94),Y ; file type C83E: 29 40 AND #$40 ; scratch protect C840: D0 2B BNE $C86D ; yes C842: 20 B6 C8 JSR $C8B6 ; erase file and note in directory C845: A0 13 LDY #$13 C847: B1 94 LDA ($94),Y ; track number of the first side-sector C849: F0 0A BEQ $C855 ; none present? C84B: 85 80 STA $80 ; note track number C84D: C8 INY C84E: B1 94 LDA ($94),Y ; and sector number C850: 85 81 STA $81 C852: 20 7D C8 JSR $C87D ; erase side-sector Jump from $C849: C855: AE 53 02 LDX $0253 ; file number C858: A9 20 LDA #$20 C85A: 35 E7 AND $E7,X ; bit 5 set? C85C: D0 0D BNE $C86B ; yes, file not closed C85E: BD 80 02 LDA $0280,X ; get track C861: 85 80 STA $80 C863: BD 85 02 LDA $0285,X ; and sector C866: 85 81 STA $81 C868: 20 7D C8 JSR $C87D ; erase file Jump from $C85C: C86B: E6 86 INC $86 ; increment number of erased files Jump from $C838, $C840: C86D: 20 8B C4 JSR $C48B ; search for next file C870: 10 C3 BPL $C835 ; if present, erase Jump from $C833: C872: A5 86 LDA $86 ; number of erased files C874: 85 80 STA $80 ; save as 'track' C876: A9 01 LDA #$01 ; 1 as disk status C878: A0 00 LDY #$00 ; 0 as 'sector' C87A: 4C A3 C1 JMP $C1A3 ; message 'files scratched' Previous Page / Next Page


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Cake\View\
View
¶Views are the V in MVC. Views are responsible for generating the specific output required for the request. Often this is in the form of HTML, XML, or JSON, but streaming files and creating PDF’s that users can download are also responsibilities of the View Layer.
CakePHP comes with a few built-in View classes for handling the most common rendering scenarios:
AppView
is your application’s default View class. AppView
itself extends
the Cake\View\View
class included in CakePHP and is defined in
src/View/AppView.php as follows:
<?php
namespace App\View;
use Cake\View\View;
class AppView extends View
{
}
You can use your AppView
to load helpers that will be used for every view
rendered in your application. CakePHP provides an initialize()
method that
is invoked at the end of a View’s constructor for this kind of use:
<?php
namespace App\View;
use Cake\View\View;
class AppView extends View
{
public function initialize()
{
// Always enable the MyUtils Helper
$this->loadHelper('MyUtils');
}
}
The view layer of CakePHP is how you speak to your users. Most of the time your views will be rendering HTML/XHTML documents to browsers, but you might also need to reply to a remote application via JSON, or output a CSV file for a user.
CakePHP template files have a default extension of .ctp (CakePHP Template) and utilize the alternative PHP syntax for control structures and output. These files contain the logic necessary to prepare the data received from the controller into a presentation format that is ready for your audience.
Echo, or print a variable in your template:
<?php echo $variable; ?>
Using Short Tag support:
<?= $variable ?>
Control structures, like if
, for
, foreach
, switch
, and while
can be written in a simplified format. Notice that there are no braces. Instead,
the end brace for the foreach
is replaced with endforeach
. Each of the
control structures listed below has a similar closing syntax: endif
,
endfor
, endforeach
, and endwhile
. Also notice that instead of using
a semicolon
after each structure (except the last one), there is a
colon
.
The following is an example using foreach
:

<?php foreach ($todo as $item): ?>

<?= $item ?>

<?php endforeach; ?>

Another example, using if/elseif/else. Notice the colons:
<?php if ($username === 'sally'): ?>

Hi Sally

<?php elseif ($username === 'joe'): ?>

Hi Joe

<?php else: ?>

Hi unknown user

<?php endif; ?>
If you’d prefer using a templating language like Twig, a subclass of View will bridge your templating language and CakePHP.
Template files are stored in src/Template/, in a folder named after the controller that uses the files, and named after the action it corresponds to. For example, the view file for the Products controller’s “view()” action, would normally be found in src/Template/Products/view.ctp.
The view layer in CakePHP can be made up of a number of different parts. Each part has different uses, and will be covered in this chapter:
Any variables you set in your controller with set()
will be available in
both the view and the layout your action renders. In addition, any set variables
will also be available in any element. If you need to pass additional variables
from the view to the layout you can either call set()
in the view template,
or use a Using View Blocks.
You should remember to always escape any user data before outputting it as
CakePHP does not automatically escape output. You can escape user content with
the h()
function:
<?= h($user->bio); ?>
Cake\View\View::
set
(string $var, mixed $value)¶Views have a set()
method that is analogous to the set()
found in
Controller objects. Using set() from your view file will add the variables to
the layout and elements that will be rendered later. See
Setting View Variables for more information on using set()
.
In your view file you can do:
$this->set('activeMenuButton', 'posts');
Then, in your layout, the $activeMenuButton
variable will be available and
contain the value ‘posts’.
View extending allows you to wrap one view in another. Combining this with view blocks gives you a powerful way to keep your views DRY. For example, your application has a sidebar that needs to change depending on the specific view being rendered. By extending a common view file, you can avoid repeating the common markup for your sidebar, and only define the parts that change:

<?= $this->fetch('title') ?>

<?= $this->fetch('content') ?>

Related actions

<?= $this->fetch('sidebar') ?>

The above view file could be used as a parent view. It expects that the view
extending it will define the sidebar
and title
blocks. The content
block is a special block that CakePHP creates. It will contain all the
uncaptured content from the extending view. Assuming our view file has a
$post
variable with the data about our post, the view could look like:

<?php
$this->extend('/Common/view');
$this->assign('title', $post);
$this->start('sidebar');
?>

<?php
echo $this->Html->link('edit', [
'action' => 'edit',
$post->id
]); ?>

<?php $this->end(); ?>
// The remaining content will be available as the 'content' block
// In the parent view.
<?= h($post->body) ?>
The post view above shows how you can extend a view, and populate a set of
blocks. Any content not already in a defined block will be captured and put into
a special block named content
. When a view contains a call to extend()
,
execution continues to the bottom of the current view file. Once it is complete,
the extended view will be rendered. Calling extend()
more than once in a
view file will override the parent view that will be processed next:
$this->extend('/Common/view');
$this->extend('/Common/index');
The above will result in /Common/index.ctp being rendered as the parent view to the current view.
You can nest extended views as many times as necessary. Each view can extend
another view if desired. Each parent view will get the previous view’s content
as the content
block.
Note
You should avoid using content
as a block name in your application.
CakePHP uses this for uncaptured content in extended views.
You can get the list of all populated blocks using the blocks()
method:
$list = $this->blocks();
View blocks provide a flexible API that allows you to define slots or blocks in
your views/layouts that will be defined elsewhere. For example, blocks are ideal
for implementing things such as sidebars, or regions to load assets at the
bottom/top of the layout. Blocks can be defined in two ways: either as a
capturing block, or by direct assignment. The start()
, append()
,
prepend()
, assign()
, fetch()
, and end()
methods allow you to
work with capturing blocks:
// Create the sidebar block.
$this->start('sidebar');
echo $this->element('sidebar/recent_topics');
echo $this->element('sidebar/recent_comments');
$this->end();
// Append into the sidebar later on.
$this->start('sidebar');
echo $this->fetch('sidebar');
echo $this->element('sidebar/popular_topics');
$this->end();
You can also append into a block using append()
:
$this->append('sidebar');
echo $this->element('sidebar/popular_topics');
$this->end();
// The same as the above.
$this->append('sidebar', $this->element('sidebar/popular_topics'));
If you need to clear or overwrite a block there are a couple of alternatives.
The reset()
method will clear or overwrite a block at any time. The
assign()
method with an empty content string can also be used to clear the
specified block.:
// Clear the previous content from the sidebar block.
$this->reset('sidebar');
// Assigning an empty string will also clear the sidebar block.
$this->assign('sidebar', '');
New in version 3.2: View::reset() was added in 3.2
Assigning a block’s content is often useful when you want to convert a view variable into a block. For example, you may want to use a block for the page title, and sometimes assign the title as a view variable in the controller:
// In view file or layout above $this->fetch('title')
$this->assign('title', $title);
The prepend()
method allows you to prepend content to an existing block:
// Prepend to sidebar
$this->prepend('sidebar', 'this content goes on top of sidebar');
Note
You should avoid using content
as a block name. This is used by CakePHP
internally for extended views, and view content in the layout.
You can display blocks using the fetch()
method. fetch()
will output a
block, returning ‘’ if a block does not exist:
<?= $this->fetch('sidebar') ?>
You can also use fetch to conditionally show content that should surround a block should it exist. This is helpful in layouts, or extended views where you want to conditionally show headings or other markup:
// In src/Template/Layout/default.ctp
<?php if ($this->fetch('menu')): ?>

Menu options

<?= $this->fetch('menu') ?>

<?php endif; ?>
You can also provide a default value for a block if it does not exist. This allows you to add placeholder content when a block does not exist. You can provide a default value using the second argument:

Your Cart

<?= $this->fetch('cart', 'Your cart is empty') ?>

The HtmlHelper
ties into view blocks, and its script()
, css()
, and
meta()
methods each update a block with the same name when used with the
block = true
option:
<?php
// In your view file
$this->Html->script('carousel', ['block' => true]);
$this->Html->css('carousel', ['block' => true]);
?>
// In your layout file.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title><?= $this->fetch('title') ?></title>
<?= $this->fetch('script') ?>
<?= $this->fetch('css') ?>

// Rest of the layout follows
The Cake\View\Helper\HtmlHelper
also allows you to control which
block the scripts and CSS go to:
// In your view
$this->Html->script('carousel', ['block' => 'scriptBottom']);
// In your layout
<?= $this->fetch('scriptBottom') ?>
A layout contains presentation code that wraps around a view. Anything you want to see in all of your views should be placed in a layout.
CakePHP’s default layout is located at src/Template/Layout/default.ctp. If you want to change the overall look of your application, then this is the right place to start, because controller-rendered view code is placed inside of the default layout when the page is rendered.
Other layout files should be placed in src/Template/Layout. When you create
a layout, you need to tell CakePHP where to place the output of your views. To
do so, make sure your layout includes a place for $this->fetch('content')
Here’s an example of what a default layout might look like:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title><?= h($this->fetch('title')) ?></title>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">

<?php
echo $this->fetch('meta');
echo $this->fetch('css');
echo $this->fetch('script');
?>

...

<?= $this->fetch('content') ?>

...

The script
, css
and meta
blocks contain any content defined in the
views using the built-in HTML helper. Useful for including JavaScript and CSS
files from views.
Note
When using HtmlHelper::css()
or HtmlHelper::script()
in template
files, specify 'block' => true
to place the HTML source in a block with
the same name. (See API for more details on usage).
The content
block contains the contents of the rendered view.
You can set the title
block content from inside your view file:
$this->assign('title', 'View Active Users');
You can create as many layouts as you wish: just place them in the
src/Template/Layout directory, and switch between them inside of your
controller actions using the controller or view’s $layout
property:
// From a controller
public function view()
{
// Set the layout.
$this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('admin');
// Before 3.4
$this->viewBuilder()->layout('admin');
// Before 3.1
$this->layout = 'admin';
}
// From a view file
$this->layout = 'loggedin';
For example, if a section of my site included a smaller ad banner space, I might create a new layout with the smaller advertising space and specify it as the layout for all controllers’ actions using something like:
namespace App\Controller;
class UsersController extends AppController
{
public function viewActive()
{
$this->set('title', 'View Active Users');
$this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('default_small_ad');
// or the following before 3.4
$this->viewBuilder()->layout('default_small_ad');
// or the following before 3.1
$this->layout = 'default_small_ad';
}
public function viewImage()
{
$this->viewBuilder()->setLayout('image');
// Output user image
}
}
Besides a default layout CakePHP’s official skeleton app also has an ‘ajax’ layout. The Ajax layout is handy for crafting AJAX responses - it’s an empty layout. (Most AJAX calls only require a bit of markup in return, rather than a fully-rendered interface.)
The skeleton app also has a default layout to help generate RSS.
If you want to use a layout that exists in a plugin, you can use plugin syntax. For example, to use the contact layout from the Contacts plugin:
namespace App\Controller;
class UsersController extends AppController
{
public function view_active()
{
$this->viewBuilder()->layout('Contacts.contact');
// or the following before 3.1
$this->layout = 'Contacts.contact';
}
}
Cake\View\View::
element
(string $elementPath, array $data, array $options = [])¶Many applications have small blocks of presentation code that need to be repeated from page to page, sometimes in different places in the layout. CakePHP can help you repeat parts of your website that need to be reused. These reusable parts are called Elements. Ads, help boxes, navigational controls, extra menus, login forms, and callouts are often implemented in CakePHP as elements. An element is basically a mini-view that can be included in other views, in layouts, and even within other elements. Elements can be used to make a view more readable, placing the rendering of repeating elements in its own file. They can also help you re-use content fragments in your application.
Elements live in the src/Template/Element/ folder, and have the .ctp filename extension. They are output using the element method of the view:
echo $this->element('helpbox');
You can pass data to an element through the element’s second argument:
echo $this->element('helpbox', [
"helptext" => "Oh, this text is very helpful."
]);
Inside the element file, all the passed variables are available as members of
the parameter array (in the same way that Controller::set()
in the
controller works with template files). In the above example, the
src/Template/Element/helpbox.ctp file can use the $helptext
variable:
// Inside src/Template/Element/helpbox.ctp
echo $helptext; // Outputs "Oh, this text is very helpful."
The View::element()
method also supports options for the element.
The options supported are ‘cache’ and ‘callbacks’. An example:
echo $this->element('helpbox', [
"helptext" => "This is passed to the element as $helptext",
"foobar" => "This is passed to the element as $foobar",
],
[
// uses the "long_view" cache configuration
"cache" => "long_view",
// set to true to have before/afterRender called for the element
"callbacks" => true
]
);
Element caching is facilitated through the Cache
class. You can configure
elements to be stored in any Cache configuration you’ve set up. This gives you a
great amount of flexibility to decide where and for how long elements are
stored. To cache different versions of the same element in an application,
provide a unique cache key value using the following format:
$this->element('helpbox', [], [
"cache" => ['config' => 'short', 'key' => 'unique value']
]
);
If you need more logic in your element, such as dynamic data from a datasource, consider using a View Cell instead of an element. Find out more about View Cells.
You can take advantage of CakePHP view caching if you supply a cache parameter.
If set to true
, it will cache the element in the ‘default’ Cache
configuration. Otherwise, you can set which cache configuration should be used.
See Caching for more information on configuring
Cache
. A simple example of caching an element would be:
echo $this->element('helpbox', [], ['cache' => true]);
If you render the same element more than once in a view and have caching enabled, be sure to set the ‘key’ parameter to a different name each time. This will prevent each successive call from overwriting the previous element() call’s cached result. For example:
echo $this->element(
'helpbox',
['var' => $var],
['cache' => ['key' => 'first_use', 'config' => 'view_long']]
);
echo $this->element(
'helpbox',
['var' => $differenVar],
['cache' => ['key' => 'second_use', 'config' => 'view_long']]
);
The above will ensure that both element results are cached separately. If you
want all element caching to use the same cache configuration, you can avoid some
repetition by setting View::$elementCache
to the cache configuration you
want to use. CakePHP will use this configuration when none is given.
If you are using a plugin and wish to use elements from within the plugin, just use the familiar plugin syntax. If the view is being rendered for a plugin controller/action, the plugin name will automatically be prefixed onto all elements used, unless another plugin name is present. If the element doesn’t exist in the plugin, it will look in the main APP folder:
echo $this->element('Contacts.helpbox');
If your view is a part of a plugin, you can omit the plugin name. For example,
if you are in the ContactsController
of the Contacts plugin, the following:
echo $this->element('helpbox');
// and
echo $this->element('Contacts.helpbox');
are equivalent and will result in the same element being rendered.
For elements inside subfolder of a plugin (e.g., plugins/Contacts/Template/Element/sidebar/helpbox.ctp), use the following:
echo $this->element('Contacts.sidebar/helpbox');
If you are within a plugin’s template file and want to render an element residing in your main application rather than this or another plugin, use the following:
echo $this->element('some_global_element', [], ['plugin' => false]);
// or...
echo $this->element('some_global_element', ['localVar' => $someData], ['plugin' => false]);
New in version 3.0.1.
If you have a Routing prefix configured, the Element path resolution can switch to a prefix location, as Layouts and action View do. Assuming you have a prefix “Admin” configured and you call:
echo $this->element('my_element');
The element first be looked for in src/Template/Admin/Element/. If such a file does not exist, it will be looked for in the default location.
Cake\View\View::
cache
(callable $block, array $options = [])¶Sometimes generating a section of your view output can be expensive because of rendered View Cells or expensive helper operations. To help make your application run faster CakePHP provides a way to cache view sections:
// Assuming some local variables
echo $this->cache(function () use ($user, $article) {
echo $this->cell('UserProfile', [$user]);
echo $this->cell('ArticleFull', [$article]);
}, ['key' => 'my_view_key']);
By default cached view content will go into the View::$elementCache
cache
config, but you can use the config
option to change this.
Like Controller, view trigger several events/callbacks that you can use to insert logic around the rendering life-cycle:
View.beforeRender
View.beforeRenderFile
View.afterRenderFile
View.afterRender
View.beforeLayout
View.afterLayout
You can attach application event listeners to these events or use Helper Callbacks.
You may need to create custom view classes to enable new types of data views, or add additional custom view-rendering logic to your application. Like most components of CakePHP, view classes have a few conventions:
View
. For example: PdfView
.View
suffix. For
example: $this->viewBuilder()->className('Pdf');
.You’ll also want to extend View
to ensure things work correctly:
// In src/View/PdfView.php
namespace App\View;
use Cake\View\View;
class PdfView extends View
{
public function render($view = null, $layout = null)
{
// Custom logic here.
}
}
Replacing the render method lets you take full control over how your content is rendered.