| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Item |
This Interface has the basic methods that involve the product information.
|
| MultiMediaControl |
This Interface has the basic controls that all multimedia devices share.
|
| ScreenSpec |
This Interface declares the methods needed to obtain the screen specifications.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AudioPlayer |
This class extends the abstract class of product and uses the interface MultiMediaControl.
|
| Controller |
This class handles all the events that user creates from the GUI.
|
| Employee |
This class creates the employee objects that will allow for an audit trail of the production line
so that it records which employee recorded production.
|
| Main |
This program sets up a basic GUI and connects to a data base that allows users to add products to
the database.
|
| MoviePlayer |
This class extends the abstract class of product and uses the interface MultiMediaControl.
|
| Product |
This class can not create any objects.
|
| ProductionRecord |
This class is used to record the production of all objects.
|
| Screen |
This class uses the interface ScreenSpec.
|
| Widget |
This class extends the abstract class of product.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| ItemType |
This enum class contains the available item types.
|
| MonitorType |
This enum class contains the available monitor types.
|


MITCHEL GITAU
A butterfly symbolises transformation. This is who I am, started from someone who could not be recognised to a bigger and better person
MY PROJECTS
- My first website
This is the first website I have created in Moringa
Here is the link
- My favourite things
This site provides information about things i like
Here is the link
ABOUT ME
Education Background:
- 2014-2018: St.Annes Girls High School(KCSE)
- 2010-2014: Mary Immaculate Primary School(KCPE)
- 2005-2009: Kirigiti Prime Academy.
What I love doing
- Swimming
- Listening to music
- Travelling
Why programming
At the moment programmers are in high demand which means more money at an early age. Besides that i can work at home without going to an office. Programming is also fun


B Tree First-Fit Memory Allocator
by Young H. Song
BTFF Features
O(log n) time with First-Fit behavior, as n is the number of allocated & free blocks.
No boundary tag.
Separation between payload and bookkeeping meta data.
It does not use any free payload area.
As of v1.0, payloads are located in data segment area which is acquired by brk(), and bookkeeping meta data are located in separated area which is acquired by mmap().
Small bookkeeping meta data overhead.
Applicable to any kind of resource allocation.
Memory, Disk, File, ...
BTFF Algorithms
B Tree Structure
All allocated or free block data are sorted by the primary key which is address.
free() and realloc() uses address as a key to locate a block.
malloc() uses available size to search First Fit free block.

If a block in a node is free, its available size is bigger than 0.
Available sizes are maintained in case of any update, split or merge.
Coalescing or splitting is based on standard B Tree operation.
Leaf
B Tree allows a leaf to have different structure from non-leaf nodes, because there is no rotation in B Tree.
Leaf & node size of 64 byte is chosen based on cache memory behavior of 16 word, and linear search is used within leaf or node.
Each block’s address can be calculated from the starting address of the leaf and sizes of blocks.
A block’s size is variable format which can be from 1 byte to 5 bytes, meaning that smaller payload has smaller bookkeeping meta data overhead. However, the bigger payload is, the smaller the ratio of bookkeeping meta data to payload is.
More details of algorithms.
Coming soon.
Releases
v1.0 btff_v1_0.tgz
3/18/2014
09f98ae3cb90d90214999295b157bd33fd62666c7a547d47e977b4d291957a84
known limitations
32 bit only.
tested only on Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS.
memalign() always uses the end of data segment.
mallopt(), malloc_trim(), malloc_usable_size(), malloc_stats(), malloc_get_state(), malloc_set_state() are not implemented.
8 byte aligned, because of glib-2.0 compatibility.
License of the software
Copyright
(c) 2014, Young H. Song<EMAIL_ADDRESS>All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
must display the following acknowledgement:
This product includes software developed by the Young H. Song.
4. Neither the name of the Young H. Song nor the
names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

How to try BTFF
Future Work
memalign() in the middle of data segment.
mallopt(), malloc_trim(), malloc_usable_size(), malloc_stats(), malloc_get_state(), malloc_set_state()
alignment setting.
Option of mmap() for payload and brk() for bookeeping meta data.
etc...
Contact
Please contact me via<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you
need to report any bug.
need any other form of license.
need to port BTFF to other platform.
Such as 64 bit, customized OS, etc...
need consulting service related to BTFF.
need to apply BTFF algorithm to other resource management.
etc...
References
Bayer, Rudolf; McCreight, E. (July 1970), Organization and Maintenance of Large Ordered Indices, Mathematical and Information Sciences Report No. 20, Boeing Scientific Research Laboratories.
Donald E. Knuth (April 1997), 2.5. DYNAMIC STORAGE ALLOCATION, The Art of Computer Programming Volume 1 Fundamental Algorithms Third Edition, Addison Wesley
Copyright © 2014, Young H. Song<EMAIL_ADDRESS>All rights reserved.


The Constitution of India provides provisions to secure equality in general and gender equality in particular. Various articles in the Constitution safeguard women’s rights by putting them at par with men socially, politically and economically. For instance:
Central Government Act
Article 14 in The Constitution Of India - Equality before law The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 15(1) and 15(3) in The Constitution Of India
(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children
Article 16 in The Constitution Of India - Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State
(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect or, any employment or office under the State
(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from making any law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes of employment or appointment to an office under the Government of, or any local or other authority within, a State or Union territory, any requirement as to residence within that State or Union territory prior to such employment or appointment
(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favor of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State
(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any law which provides that the incumbent of an office in connection with the affairs of any religious or denominational institution or any member of the governing body thereof shall be a person professing a particular religion or belonging to a particular denomination
These rights being fundamental rights are justiciable in court and the Government is obliged to follow the same.
SPECIFIC LAWS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA Here is the list of some specific laws which were enacted by the Parliament in order to fulfil Constitutional obligation of women empowerment: The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. The Medical termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987. The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006. The Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place (Prevention, Protection and) Act, 2013. Above mentioned and several other laws are there which not only provide specific legal rights to women but also gives them a sense of security and empowerment.


Substrate Balance Calculator
Low level calculation of balances.
Calculate Balance »
Endpoint:
Created by
Shawn Tabrizi
- Source on
GitHub
- Using
Polkadot.js


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %} Welcome {% endblock %} {% block head %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if current_user %} My Places Hello {{current_user.first_name}} Add Place Logout {% else %} Sign up Log in {% endif %} Cultivate your favorite places around the city {% if not current_user %}Sign up to save your favorites{% endif %} Search Search {% if not current_user %}Or just try searching now.{% endif %} Home About Contact Github Copyright © 2016 UNDERGROUND. All Rights Reserved. {% endblock %} {% block foot %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %}
Or just try searching now.
Copyright © 2016 UNDERGROUND. All Rights Reserved.


The following image shows tweeting temporality distribution for different twitter user groups based on number of tweets.
As it can be seen in the log-log scale, the data for all groups follow a log-normal-like distribution for up to 24-hour period.
Further, these groups tend to have differently shaped tails, like a power-law distribution with different exponents.
While the log-normal looking side of the graph has very similar shapes, tails show that more frequently posting twitter users' inter-tweet time is shorter.
Individuals tend to visit places that they previously visited such as home or work locations. Moreover, these visits are periodic (see: Gonzalez, Hidalgo, and Barabasi [2008]).
The following image is a visualization that shows periodic visiting behavior of Twitter users from Washington, DC.
The blue dotted line shows the probability of visiting the same location after some hours, also named as first pessage time of a place.
With this voluntary Twitter data, it is clear to see the periodic visiting behavior is present.
Periodicity appears as 24-hour intervals.
The red line would be the probability distribution if individuals visit places randomly.
In other words, this graph shows that we are not random at all, at least when it comes to mobility.
Zipf's law, in general terms, indicates that frequency of a quantity is inversely propotional to its rank.
Applying to Twitter data, the following graph shows that Zipf's law is present in geo-located Twitter data for Washington, DC regardles of number of unique locations a person visits.
This model relies on twitter data when it comes to understanding the attraction visit mobility of people.
Attraction visits are extracted according to person's tweet location and closeby venues around.
Here, venues are gathered from Google's Places API by scanning Washington, DC map locations covering all the area.
People's proximity to attractions is the main factor when determining whether that attraction is visited.
Here below, you can see a network of attractions gathered from same-day visits of individuals.
Link weight indicates the frequency of hops between places while the intensity of nodes indicates number of visits.


Sisters+ Mentors will meet with their assigned Mentee for a minimum of 10 minutes per week for an in-person conversation. Attend occasional Sisters+ gatherings. This program is separate from this Mentors Program and is not designed to provide help with homework (see the Mentors Program for information on homework assistance).
Everybody needs leadership skills. Being a Sisters+ Mentor will give you the opportunity to work with and guide lower-division students through the hurdles that you have successfully managed. Do you remember being a first year student wishing you had someone to talk to? This is your chance to make a difference!
The CS program is very challenging. Your Sisters+ Mentor can help guide you through the hurdles. People who have been through the program already are your greatest asset. If you think you could use support and guidance from an upper-division student, this program is for you!
Any CS student who has been at WWU for at least a year and has taken a 300-level class.
Co-President
Co-President
Sisters+ Program Coordinator
Sisters+ Program Coordinator
AWC/ACM Liason
AWC/ACM Liaison
WWU CS Mentors Liaison
Club Advisor
Poster Design Team Coordinator
Web Team
Web Team
Social Media Team


private fun listenForMessages(callback: RoomCallback): Unit
Listen for Room Events (Web RTC protocol events included as well) Events include : JOINED, LEFT, OFFER, ANSWER, ICE CANDIDATE
callback
- interface with a function for each event type
See Also


聯絡我們
LookTaiwanSeeWater
National Chengchi University
NO.64,Sec.2,ZhiNan Rd.,Wenshan District,Taipei City 11605,Taiwan (R.O.C)
Copyright © LookTaiwanSeeWater Website 2015
Copyright 2013-2015 Iron Summit Media Strategies, LLC. Code released under the Apache 2.0 license.


Science / Level 9 / Science as a Human Endeavour / Use and influence of science
People use scientific knowledge to evaluate whether they should accept claims, explanations or predictions (ACSHE160).
- Students make predictions, observations and explain inconsistencies between what they used to understand and their developing scientific understandings
Science / Level 9 / Science Inquiry Skills / Questioning and predicting
Formulate questions or hypotheses that can be investigated scientifically (ACSIS164).
- revising and refining research questions to target specific information and data collection or finding a solution to the specific problem identified
- developing ideas from students own or others' investigations and experiences to investigate further
Science / Level 9 / Science Inquiry Skills / Planning and conducting
Select and use appropriate equipment, including digital technologies, to systemically and accurately collect and record data (ACSIS166).
- Students investigate the truth of their ideas through targeted investigations and collect and record data to be reflected on during class discussion.
Science / Level 9 / Science Inquiry Skills / Processing and analysing data and information
Analyse patterns and trends in data, including describing relationships between variables and identifying inconsistencies (ACSIS169). Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence (ACSIS170).
- Students manipulate computer simulations in order to analyse the relationships between different variables and use their observations to draw conclusions about how systems work.
Science / Level 9 / Science Inquiry Skills / Evaluating
Critically analyse the validity of information in secondary sources and evaluate the approaches used to solve problems (ACSIS172).
- Students identify limitations of materials given for constructing a model to demonstrate a concept.
Science / Level 9 / Science Inquiry Skills / Communicating
Communicate scientific ideas and information for a particular purpose, including constructing evidence-based arguments and using appropriate scientific language, conventions and representations (ACSIS174).
- Students justify their choices in materials in construction of a model.
- Students describe the limitations of materials given for construction of a model.


Favorite Options
Default Folder
Default favorite folder to be saved.
×
Well done!
Favorite settings are saved!
Save changes
Hiden Options
Hide on opening
Hide the item when the link was opened.
Keeps days
Items will be kept hidden `n` days.
×
Well done!
Hiden settings are saved!
×
Well done!
Hiden items are reseted!
Save changes
Reset hiden


Manage User Docks from the Terminal
When managing school machines there are a lot of times were you want to have a certain set of apps in the Dock on a Mac. For example you have may have a cart of MacBooks that are used as a mobile lab that should all look the same to the user.
You might be surprised how many people think there might be something wrong with the Mac because it doesn’t have the same Dock as the one they used previously. Also kids will be kids and like to mess around.
Enter dockutil (Installer DMG), a command line utility written in Python. The installer puts the utility in the /usr/local/bin
directory, which is already in your path environment. After install open up the terminal and run:
/~$ dockutil -h
usage: dockutil -h
usage: dockutil --add <path to item> | <url> [--label <label>] [ folder_options ] [ position_options ] [ plist_location_specification ] [--no-restart]
usage: dockutil --remove <dock item label> | all [ plist_location_specification ] [--no-restart]
usage: dockutil --move <dock item label> position_options [ plist_location_specification ]
usage: dockutil --find <dock item label> [ plist_location_specification ]
usage: dockutil --list [ plist_location_specification ]
usage: dockutil --version
position_options:
...
On our cart laptops we have LaunchAgent run this bash script:
#!/bin/bash
DOCKUTIL=/usr/local/bin/dockutil
$DOCKUTIL --remove all
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Google Chrome.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Safari.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Firefox.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Maps.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Notes.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Numbers.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Keynote.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Pages.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/iBooks.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Managed Software Center.app' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications' --no-restart
$DOCKUTIL --add '~/Downloads'
exit 0
####What’s going on here?!?
The $DOCKUTIL --remove all
removes everything in the Dock which you might have guessed. $DOCKUTIL --add '/Applications/Google Chrome.app
adds the Google Chrome web browser, but the added --no-restart
doesn’t restart the Dock meaning we have more to do. The default action is to restart the Dock after you make a change, by passing in the --no-restart
it surpresses the OSes urge to restart it. Note that the of the script we ad the Downloads folder as dockutil
is able to differentiate the difference of an app and a folder.
Hopefully the dockutil
becomes a good utility for you to manage a users Dock.


VIOLATION TICKET STATEMENT AND |
WRITTEN REASONS |
|
{{ticketNumber}}
|
|
{{hearingLocation}}
|
|
{{datePDF}}
|
|
{{ticketNumber}}
|
| Phone Toll Free: | 1-877-661-8026 |
| Mailing Address: | P.O. Box 2164 Stn Main |
| Vancouver, BC, V6B 3V3 |


Managing Entities
Entities are managed by the entity manager, which is represented by javax.persistence.EntityManager instances. Each EntityManager instance is associated with a persistence context: a set of managed entity instances that exist in a particular data store. A persistence context defines the scope under which particular entity instances are created, persisted, and removed. The EntityManager interface defines the methods that are used to interact with the persistence context.
The EntityManager Interface
The EntityManager API creates and removes persistent entity instances, finds entities by the entity’s primary key, and allows queries to be run on entities.
Container-Managed Entity Managers
With a container-managed entity manager, an EntityManager instance’s persistence context is automatically propagated by the container to all application components that use the EntityManager instance within a single Java Transaction API (JTA) transaction.
JTA transactions usually involve calls across application components. To complete a JTA transaction, these components usually need access to a single persistence context. This occurs when an EntityManager is injected into the application components by means of the javax.persistence.PersistenceContext annotation. The persistence context is automatically propagated with the current JTA transaction, and EntityManager references that are mapped to the same persistence unit provide access to the persistence context within that transaction. By automatically propagating the persistence context, application components don’t need to pass references to EntityManager instances to each other in order to make changes within a single transaction. The Java EE container manages the lifecycle of container-managed entity managers.
To obtain an EntityManager instance, inject the entity manager into the application component:
@PersistenceContext EntityManager em;
Application-Managed Entity Managers
With an application-managed entity manager, on the other hand, the persistence context is not propagated to application components, and the lifecycle of EntityManager instances is managed by the application.
Application-managed entity managers are used when applications need to access a persistence context that is not propagated with the JTA transaction across EntityManager instances in a particular persistence unit. In this case, each EntityManager creates a new, isolated persistence context. The EntityManager and its associated persistence context are created and destroyed explicitly by the application. They are also used when directly injecting EntityManager instances can’t be done because EntityManager instances are not thread-safe. EntityManagerFactory instances are thread-safe.
Applications create EntityManager instances in this case by using the createEntityManager method of javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory.
To obtain an EntityManager instance, you first must obtain an EntityManagerFactory instance by injecting it into the application component by means of the javax.persistence.PersistenceUnit annotation:
@PersistenceUnit EntityManagerFactory emf;
Then obtain an EntityManager from the EntityManagerFactory instance:
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
Application-managed entity managers don’t automatically propagate the JTA transaction context. Such applications need to manually gain access to the JTA transaction manager and add transaction demarcation information when performing entity operations. The javax.transaction.UserTransaction interface defines methods to begin, commit, and roll back transactions. Inject an instance of UserTransaction by creating an instance variable annotated with @Resource:
@Resource UserTransaction utx;
To begin a transaction, call the UserTransaction.begin method. When all the entity operations are complete, call the UserTransaction.commit method to commit the transaction. The UserTransaction.rollback method is used to roll back the current transaction.
The following example shows how to manage transactions in an application that uses an application-managed entity manager:
@PersistenceContext EntityManagerFactory emf; EntityManager em; @Resource UserTransaction utx; ... em = emf.createEntityManager(); try { utx.begin(); em.persist(SomeEntity); em.merge(AnotherEntity); em.remove(ThirdEntity); utx.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { utx.rollback(); }
Finding Entities Using the EntityManager
The EntityManager.find method is used to look up entities in the data store by the entity’s primary key:
@PersistenceContext EntityManager em; public void enterOrder(int custID, Order newOrder) { Customer cust = em.find(Customer.class, custID); cust.getOrders().add(newOrder); newOrder.setCustomer(cust); }
Managing an Entity Instance’s Lifecycle
You manage entity instances by invoking operations on the entity by means of an EntityManager instance. Entity instances are in one of four states: new, managed, detached, or removed.
New entity instances have no persistent identity and are not yet associated with a persistence context.
Managed entity instances have a persistent identity and are associated with a persistence context.
Detached entity instances have a persistent identity and are not currently associated with a persistence context.
Removed entity instances have a persistent identity, are associated with a persistent context, and are scheduled for removal from the data store.
Persisting Entity Instances
New entity instances become managed and persistent either by invoking the persist method or by a cascading persist operation invoked from related entities that have the cascade=PERSIST or cascade=ALL elements set in the relationship annotation. This means that the entity’s data is stored to the database when the transaction associated with the persist operation is completed. If the entity is already managed, the persist operation is ignored, although the persist operation will cascade to related entities that have the cascade element set to PERSIST or ALL in the relationship annotation. If persist is called on a removed entity instance, the entity becomes managed. If the entity is detached, either persist will throw an IllegalArgumentException, or the transaction commit will fail.
@PersistenceContext EntityManager em; ... public LineItem createLineItem(Order order, Product product, int quantity) { LineItem li = new LineItem(order, product, quantity); order.getLineItems().add(li); em.persist(li); return li; }
The persist operation is propagated to all entities related to the calling entity that have the cascade element set to ALL or PERSIST in the relationship annotation:
@OneToMany(cascade=ALL, mappedBy="order") public Collection<LineItem> getLineItems() { return lineItems; }
Removing Entity Instances
Managed entity instances are removed by invoking the remove method or by a cascading remove operation invoked from related entities that have the cascade=REMOVE or cascade=ALL elements set in the relationship annotation. If the remove method is invoked on a new entity, the remove operation is ignored, although remove will cascade to related entities that have the cascade element set to REMOVE or ALL in the relationship annotation. If remove is invoked on a detached entity, either remove will throw an IllegalArgumentException, or the transaction commit will fail. If invoked on an already removed entity, remove will be ignored. The entity’s data will be removed from the data store when the transaction is completed or as a result of the flush operation.
public void removeOrder(Integer orderId) { try { Order order = em.find(Order.class, orderId); em.remove(order); }...
In this example, all LineItem entities associated with the order are also removed, as Order.getLineItems has cascade=ALL set in the relationship annotation.
Synchronizing Entity Data to the Database
The state of persistent entities is synchronized to the database when the transaction with which the entity is associated commits. If a managed entity is in a bidirectional relationship with another managed entity, the data will be persisted, based on the owning side of the relationship.
To force synchronization of the managed entity to the data store, invoke the flush method of the EntityManager instance. If the entity is related to another entity and the relationship annotation has the cascade element set to PERSIST or ALL, the related entity’s data will be synchronized with the data store when flush is called.
If the entity is removed, calling flush will remove the entity data from the data store.
Persistence Units
A persistence unit defines a set of all entity classes that are managed by EntityManager instances in an application. This set of entity classes represents the data contained within a single data store.
Persistence units are defined by the persistence.xml configuration file. The following is an example persistence.xml file:
<persistence> <persistence-unit name="OrderManagement"> <description>This unit manages orders and customers. It does not rely on any vendor-specific features and can therefore be deployed to any persistence provider. </description> <jta-data-source>jdbc/MyOrderDB</jta-data-source> <jar-file>MyOrderApp.jar</jar-file> <class>com.widgets.Order</class> <class>com.widgets.Customer</class> </persistence-unit> </persistence>
This file defines a persistence unit named OrderManagement, which uses a JTA-aware data source: jdbc/MyOrderDB. The jar-file and class elements specify managed persistence classes: entity classes, embeddable classes, and mapped superclasses. The jar-file element specifies JAR files that are visible to the packaged persistence unit that contain managed persistence classes, whereas the class element explicitly names managed persistence classes.
The jta-data-source (for JTA-aware data sources) and non-jta-data-source (for non-JTA-aware data sources) elements specify the global JNDI name of the data source to be used by the container.
The JAR file or directory whose META-INF directory contains persistence.xml is called the root of the persistence unit. The scope of the persistence unit is determined by the persistence unit’s root. Each persistence unit must be identified with a name that is unique to the persistence unit’s scope.
Persistent units can be packaged as part of a WAR or EJB JAR file or can be packaged as a JAR file that can then be included in an WAR or EAR file.
If you package the persistent unit as a set of classes in an EJB JAR file, persistence.xml should be put in the EJB JAR’s META-INF directory.
If you package the persistence unit as a set of classes in a WAR file, persistence.xml should be located in the WAR file’s WEB-INF/classes/META-INF directory.
If you package the persistence unit in a JAR file that will be included in a WAR or EAR file, the JAR file should be located in either
The WEB-INF/lib directory of a WAR
The EAR file’s library directory
Note - In the Java Persistence API 1.0, JAR files could be located at the root of an EAR file as the root of the persistence unit. This is no longer supported. Portable applications should use the EAR file’s library directory as the root of the persistence unit.


| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
ACCELERATE |
1 |
public static final int |
ACCELERATE_DECELERATE |
3 |
public static final int |
ANTICIPATE |
4 |
public static final int |
ANTICIPATE_OVERSHOOT |
5 |
public static final int |
BACKEASEIN |
9 |
public static final int |
BACKEASEINOUT |
10 |
public static final int |
BACKEASEOUT |
11 |
public static final int |
BOUNCE |
6 |
public static final int |
BOUNCEEASEIN |
12 |
public static final int |
BOUNCEEASEINOUT |
13 |
public static final int |
BOUNCEEASEOUT |
14 |
public static final int |
CIRCULAREASEIN |
15 |
public static final int |
CIRCULAREASEINOUT |
16 |
public static final int |
CIRCULAREASEOUT |
17 |
public static final int |
CUBICEASEIN |
18 |
public static final int |
CUBICEASEINOUT |
19 |
public static final int |
CUBICEASEOUT |
20 |
public static final int |
CYCLE |
8 |
public static final int |
DECELERATE |
2 |
public static final int |
ELASTICEASEIN |
21 |
public static final int |
ELASTICEASEINOUT |
22 |
public static final int |
ELASTICEASEOUT |
23 |
public static final int |
EXPONENTIALEASEIN |
24 |
public static final int |
EXPONENTIALEASEINOUT |
25 |
public static final int |
EXPONENTIALEASEOUT |
26 |
public static final int |
LINEAR |
0 |
public static final int |
OVERSHOOT |
7 |
public static final int |
QUADEASEIN |
27 |
public static final int |
QUADEASEINOUT |
28 |
public static final int |
QUADEASEOUT |
29 |
public static final int |
QUARTEASEIN |
30 |
public static final int |
QUARTEASEINOUT |
31 |
public static final int |
QUARTEASEOUT |
32 |
public static final int |
QUINTEASEIN |
33 |
public static final int |
QUINTEASEINOUT |
34 |
public static final int |
QUINTEASEOUT |
35 |
public static final int |
SINEEASEIN |
36 |
public static final int |
SINEEASEINOUT |
37 |
public static final int |
SINEEASEOUT |
38 |
public static final int |
STRONGEASEIN |
39 |
public static final int |
STRONGEASEINOUT |
40 |
public static final int |
STRONGEASEOUT |
41 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
ANIMATION_SET |
5 |
public static final int |
BASIC |
1 |
public static final int |
KEYFRAME |
2 |
public static final int |
NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
SPRITE |
4 |
public static final int |
TRANSITION |
3 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BACKFACE_TEXTURE_REGION |
18 |
public static final int |
BG_COLOR |
8 |
public static final int |
BORDER_COLOR |
12 |
public static final int |
BORDER_WIDTH |
11 |
public static final int |
BOUND |
2 |
public static final int |
CORNER_RADIUS |
10 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_RATIO |
28 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_ANGLE |
22 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_COLOR |
20 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_DIRECTION |
33 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_OFFSET |
23 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_OPACITY |
21 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_POWER |
24 |
public static final int |
LIGHT_RADIUS |
19 |
public static final int |
MODEL_POSITION |
30 |
public static final int |
MODEL_ROTATION |
31 |
public static final int |
MODEL_SCALE |
32 |
public static final int |
MORPHING_TIME |
35 |
public static final int |
NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
OPACITY |
9 |
public static final int |
PIVOT_POINT |
4 |
public static final int |
POSITION |
3 |
public static final int |
PROPERTY_ANI_COUNT |
36 |
public static final int |
REGION |
1 |
public static final int |
ROTATION |
6 |
public static final int |
ROTATION_FROM |
26 |
public static final int |
RTE_RATIO |
29 |
public static final int |
SCALE |
7 |
public static final int |
SCALETOFIT_REGION |
25 |
public static final int |
SHADOW_COLOR |
14 |
public static final int |
SHADOW_OFFSET |
16 |
public static final int |
SHADOW_OPACITY |
15 |
public static final int |
SHADOW_RADIUS |
13 |
public static final int |
SWIPE_RATIO |
27 |
public static final int |
TEXTURE_REGION |
17 |
public static final int |
VIEW_DIRECTION |
34 |
public static final int |
ZPOSITION |
5 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
DOWN |
3 |
public static final int |
LEFT |
0 |
public static final int |
RIGHT |
1 |
public static final int |
UP |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BLIND |
0 |
public static final int |
BOX |
17 |
public static final int |
BREAK |
1 |
public static final int |
BRICK_CUBE |
40 |
public static final int |
CENTER_BLIND |
32 |
public static final int |
CHECKER_BOARD |
18 |
public static final int |
COVER |
19 |
public static final int |
CUBE_2PIECES |
41 |
public static final int |
CUBE_4PIECES |
42 |
public static final int |
CURTAIN |
2 |
public static final int |
DOMINOFLIP |
3 |
public static final int |
EXPLOID |
12 |
public static final int |
FADE_THROUGH_COLOR |
33 |
public static final int |
FALL |
34 |
public static final int |
FLASH |
20 |
public static final int |
FLIP |
13 |
public static final int |
FLIP_2 |
21 |
public static final int |
FLY_THROUGH |
22 |
public static final int |
FOLDING_SCREEN |
43 |
public static final int |
GALLERY |
23 |
public static final int |
GALLERY_2 |
44 |
public static final int |
HONEYCOMB |
24 |
public static final int |
MOVE_IN |
35 |
public static final int |
REVEAL |
25 |
public static final int |
REVOLVING_DOOR |
36 |
public static final int |
ROTATE |
6 |
public static final int |
ROTATE_CUBE |
7 |
public static final int |
SCALE |
14 |
public static final int |
SHAPE |
26 |
public static final int |
SHRED |
27 |
public static final int |
SIDEWINDOW |
8 |
public static final int |
SLIDE |
9 |
public static final int |
SMOOTH |
15 |
public static final int |
SPLIT |
28 |
public static final int |
SWAP |
37 |
public static final int |
SWITCH |
29 |
public static final int |
SWOOSH |
38 |
public static final int |
TUMBLE |
4 |
public static final int |
TWIRL |
39 |
public static final int |
TWIST |
16 |
public static final int |
UNCOVER |
30 |
public static final int |
WAVE |
10 |
public static final int |
WIPE |
31 |
public static final int |
WIZZLE |
5 |
public static final int |
ZOOM_IN |
11 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
COMPRESS_ATC |
0 |
public static final int |
COMPRESS_PVR |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY |
1 |
public static final int |
RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
PARTICLE_EFFECT_DEFAULT |
1 |
public static final int |
PARTICLE_EFFECT_KEYFRAME |
2 |
public static final int |
PARTICLE_EFFECT_NONE |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BLEND_ADD |
1 |
public static final int |
BLEND_MULTIPLY |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
POST_EFFECT_BLOOM |
0 |
public static final int |
POST_EFFECT_RIPPLE |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final String |
EXTENSION_9PATCH |
".9.png" |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
NO_COLOR |
1 |
public static final int |
TRANSPARENT_COLOR |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
IMPLICIT_ANIMATION_OFF_DURATION |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BLEND_ADD |
1 |
public static final int |
BLEND_MULTIPLY |
0 |
public static final int |
BLEND_ONE |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
FILTER_CARTOON |
4 |
public static final int |
FILTER_MONOTONE |
6 |
public static final int |
FILTER_NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
FILTER_OILPAINT |
2 |
public static final int |
FILTER_RADIAL |
5 |
public static final int |
FILTER_SKETCH |
1 |
public static final int |
FILTER_SMOKE |
7 |
public static final int |
FILTER_WATERCOLOR |
3 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
RGB_565 |
1 |
public static final int |
RGBA_8888 |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
CENTER |
5 |
public static final int |
CENTER_CROP |
6 |
public static final int |
CENTER_INSIDE |
7 |
public static final int |
FIT_CENTER |
3 |
public static final int |
FIT_END |
4 |
public static final int |
FIT_START |
2 |
public static final int |
FIT_XY |
1 |
public static final int |
MATRIX |
0 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
LINEAR_LIGHT |
2 |
public static final int |
NO_LIGHT |
0 |
public static final int |
SPOT_LIGHT |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
RT_DIRECTIONBLUR |
9 |
public static final int |
RT_DREAMVISION |
3 |
public static final int |
RT_GLASSTILE |
7 |
public static final int |
RT_MAGNIFY |
6 |
public static final int |
RT_NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
RT_PAPERFOLD |
5 |
public static final int |
RT_PULSE |
2 |
public static final int |
RT_RIPPLE |
1 |
public static final int |
RT_WIZZLE |
4 |
public static final int |
RT_ZOOMBLUR |
8 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
DEFORM_HORIZONTAL |
0 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_HORIZONTAL_REVERSE |
2 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_VERTICAL |
1 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_VERTICAL_REVERSE |
3 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
DEFORM_BRICK |
4 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_CONECURVE |
7 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_DOME |
5 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_DRUM |
6 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_EXPLODE |
2 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_PANNEL |
3 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_PATH |
8 |
public static final int |
DEFORM_TWIST |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
MORPHING_NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
MORPHING_TRICKLE |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
SWIPE_LINEAR |
1 |
public static final int |
SWIPE_NONE |
0 |
public static final int |
SWIPE_RADIAL |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BASE_SLIDE |
0 |
public static final int |
IMAGE_SLIDE |
1 |
public static final int |
SCROLL_SLIDE |
3 |
public static final int |
TEXT_SLIDE |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
BOTTOM |
0 |
public static final int |
NORMAL |
1 |
public static final int |
TOPMOST |
2 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
ALL_ANIMATION |
2 |
public static final int |
IMPLICIT_ANIMATION_TYPE_ADD |
3 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_ACTIVITY_CHANGE |
6 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_MOVETO_TOP |
4 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_OPACITY |
8 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_RITH_TO_LEFT |
9 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_ROTATION |
7 |
public static final int |
IMPLICT_ANIMATION_TYPE_SET_REGION |
5 |
public static final int |
NO_ANIMATION |
0 |
public static final int |
SOME_ANIMATION |
1 |
| Modifier and Type | Constant Field | Value |
|---|---|---|
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_CONTEXTMENU |
4 |
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_NORMAL |
1 |
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_OVERLAYBAR |
5 |
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_POPUP |
3 |
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_TICKER |
2 |
public static final int |
SUI_PRIORITY_TOOLTIP |
6 |


What was the problem? The problem was I was trying to create my github page using my username. What problem solving techniques did you use? I reached out to others on the slack chanel, did some questioning and tried to start over a few tiems, had a look at other examples. How did you feel throughout the process? I felt fairly frustrated and stressed, and concerned that I was maybe missing a small step but couldn't figure out what it was. What did you learn? I learnt that sometimes a simple spelling mistake or not reading the question properly can be detrimental, and it is a good idea to make sure you understand the question and instructions completely.
What was the problem? The problem was my html and CSS code was not set out properly. What problem solving techniques did you use? I used the code validator, where I put my code into the validator and it came out with which line errors are on, and a sometimes ambigious message about how to fix it. How did you feel throughout the process? I feel pretty good and empowered as I could decipher the error codes and fix it myself, which deepend my understanding further. What did you learn? I learnt that its good to use resources to help you solve problems effectively.
Pseudocode: I haven't utilized pseudocode very much so far, however I think with learning Javascript I'm going to incorporate it more using comments in my code to make sense of each part of the code and have it defined what its doing.
Trying something: I'm fairly comfortable trying things or giving things a go.
Rubber ducky method: I'm yet to try the ribber ducky method - but I like the idea of verbalizing/ explaining what you're trying to do to a rubber ducky - I think sometimes through the proces of explaining it you sometimes realize what part is missing/has an error.
Reading error messages: I like it when error messages are clear and give good indicators as to what line the error is on, and what specifically might be wrong. It feels really good to be able to decipher an error message and find the solution from it, but at times error messages can be long and hard to decipher - it's sometimes good to share it with others as they may have experienced the same error before and may have a solution to it.
Console.logging: I used console log in the eloquent javascript task last week - and it was really helpful to show what different part of the code are doing and to help further break down the nested for loop.
Googling: I am highly comfortable with googling for answers as I already do this alot for problems outside of coding. I find it often directs you to stack overflow, which I've referred to quite a few times when working on javascript.
Asking your peers for help: I like asking my pairs for help as it I believe it helps both people, as the person who is explaining the answer is re-confirming the ideas for themself, and its easier to get an answer from a person (as opposed to an article) as you can ask further questions and clarify where you need to.
Asking coaches for help: I haven't had very good response rates when asking for help from coaches so far, but hopefully that will improve going forward.
Improving your process with reflection: I really enjoy reflecting, and think it is really vital in improving my process. I think when you're super busy it can be hard to have time to reflect on what happened and why, and how to improve, but it is a really important part of the learning and refining process.
Creates a new array with the results of calling a provided function on every element in this array. The map() method calls the provided function once for each element in an array, in order. Note: map() does not execute the function for array elements without values. Note: map() does not change the original array.
filter() calls a provided callback function once for each element in an array, and constructs a new array of all the values for which callback returns a value that coerces to true. callback is invoked only for indexes of the array which have assigned values; it is not invoked for indexes which have been deleted or which have never been assigned values. Array elements which do not pass the callback test are simply skipped, and are not included in the new array.
callback is invoked with three arguments:
If a thisArg parameter is provided to filter, it will be used as the callback's this value. Otherwise, the value undefined will be used as its this value. The this value ultimately observable by callback is determined according to the usual rules for determining the this seen by a function.
Filter() does not mutate the array on which it is called. The range of elements processed by filter() is set before the first invocation of callback. Elements which are appended to the array after the call to filter() begins will not be visited by callback. If existing elements of the array are changed, or deleted, their value as passed to callback will be the value at the time filter() visits them; elements that are deleted are not visited.
reduce executes the callback function once for each element present in the array, excluding holes in the array, receiving four arguments:
The first time the callback is called, accumulator and currentValue can be one of two values. If initialValue is provided in the call to reduce, then accumulator will be equal to initialValue, and currentValue will be equal to the first value in the array. If no initialValue is provided, then accumulator will be equal to the first value in the array, and currentValue will be equal to the second.
Note: If initialValue isn't provided, reduce will execute the callback function starting at index 1, skipping the first index. If initialValue is provided, it will start at index 0.
If the array is empty and no initialValue is provided, TypeError will be thrown. If the array has only one element (regardless of position) and no initialValue is provided, or if initialValue is provided but the array is empty, the solo value will be returned without calling callback.
It is usually safer to provide an initial value because there are three possible outputs without initialValue.


Causalidad en la historia
Juan Camilo Espejo-Serna
Universidad de la Sabana
Por favor no se les olvide realizar la evaluación docente en el sistema.
La idea básica de la causalidad en la historia
¿Por qué cayó el imperio romano?
- Adopción del cristianismo
- Bárbaros y vándalos
- Enfermedades causadas por el plomo
- Problemas económicos. (inflación, malos manejos, corrupción, etc)
- Divisón geográfica y cultural del imperio
- ¡Entre otras!
"¿Por qué cayó el imperio romano?"
¿Qué tipo de pregunta es esta?
Pregunta sobre un suceso cultural particular en el pasado y que no necesariamente volverá a suceder
Tomemos la pregunta por la caida del imperio romano como una pregunta histórica por la causa del suceso.
¿Qué tipo de noción de la causaliad podríamos utilizar para entender la explicación causal en la historia?
- ¿Causalidad como regularidad?
- ¿Causalidad como dependencia contrafáctica?
- ¿Causalidad como probabilidad?
- ¿Pluralismo causal?
The most important explanatory notion in history is that of causation, although it is by no means the only one.
Scriven se encuentra entre el positivismo lógico de mediados de siglo XX y la respuesta al positivismo (Weber y verstehen)
The historian frequently encounters two special problems. On the one hand, he wishes to apply these terms to activities in the past, which he does not witness directly; on the other, he uses them to refer to entities on a scale where direct witness is impossible—for example, he may speak of a political movement as having caused certain social changes.
Lenguaje causal
y lenguaje no-causal
If you are watching people enter a lecture room, you might notice someone who seems to be in a particular hurry doing what you would naturally describe as "forcing his way in." A policeman is sometimes described as "forcing a door," or as "forcing suspects to get into the Black Maria." An investor is sometimes said to have been "forced to sell blue-chip stock" to cover heavy losses on a speculative issue. These uses differ in important ways, but they are all causal notions in that they identify some agent as being responsible for an identified effect.
Our task is to clarify the kind of interpretation involved in a causal claim by contrast with a simple non-causal description like "He walked down the shorter path"; and yet, as we look carefully at this example, we can see that the term "walked" means "caused to move by the action of his legs, etc."
It also shows how the distinction between cause and effect is itself a limited one, in the sense of being highly context-dependent. What is a cause in one context can be seen as itself a combination of cause and effect in another context. It is partly for this reason that historical narrative is explanatory—it incorporates what we might call micro-explanations in its very texture.
Historical writing is of other kinds too. The narrative may be explanatory without being causally explanatory, by interpreting historical events as being of certain kinds that we understand well. In a neutral sense, this can be described as "evaluative."
[...]
Moral distinctions are not only made, but are important, and part of an historian's task is set by, and hence requires understanding of, the moral distinctions and their relative importance.
Relaciones temporales y espaciales
A causal claim connects, though it may not distinguish, two distinguishable but perhaps not wholly separable elements.
Any account of cause that fails to allow for eases where cause and effect are physically identical and only conceptually distinct will do scant justice to the historian's use.
¿hay una diferencia entre una relación causal y una relación de constitución? Según Hume, causa y efecto son ontológicamente independendientes.
A causal claim connects, though it may not distinguish, two distinguishable but perhaps not wholly separable elements.
The feature of causal assertions usually regarded as the most important, from a logical or philosophical point of view, is their alleged claim to instantiate universal laws.
An illicit conclusion is that whenever we say C caused E we are committed to the unqualified generalization that C's always cause E's.We are only committed to some generalization of which the conjunction of C and E is a consequence. When an historian says that the London Corresponding Society "caused alarm" in the London of 1792 by its sympathy with the French Government, he obviously does not stand committed to the claim that sympathy with France is always a cause of alarm in London. He asserts only that in the circumstances of that time, sympathy by that group caused alarm.
What it actually shows is only that we must appeal to some general proposition which (a) applies reliably to the present case, and (b) is founded upon other cases.
The example is Maitland's explanation of Queen Elizabeth's use of "etc." in stating her full title: the Queen is said deliberately to have chosen a vague expression to leave herself freedom of maneuver on the religious question troubling England at a time when Henry's breach with Rome was by no means accepted as final. Nagel rightly points out that the explanation, although it may well be perfectly sound historically, only leads us to see why she would choose some ambiguous phrase, of which the one cited was merely one of many open to her.
In the Queen Elizabeth case, the contrast that interests the historian is between her using the ambiguous phrase and using her full title, not between using this ambiguous phrase and using another one.
Hence Maitland produces the factors which explain why Elizabeth used this phrase in so far as the phrase has any historical significance. It is not that he doesn't explain why she used this phrase; he does explain it, fully, with regard to the historically appropriate contrast.
We have introduced the idea that cause (and, in general, explanation) is essentially a context-dependent notion. This does not mean that we are giving a "psychological" rather than a "logical" analysis (as formalists often claim), or a "subjective" rather than "objective" one. It means that the territory of logic is not terminated by the period at the end of the sentence.
When we are looking for causes We are looking for explanations in terms of a few factors or a single factor; and what counts as an explanation is whatever fills in the gap in the inquirer's or reader's understanding. [...]
If one of two causal candidates—otherwise equal—is a standing condition, always- present, and known by the inquirer to be present, whereas the other is an unexpected "interfering condition" whose occurrence is a discovery for the inquirer, then it is correct to call the latter the cause.
Julien Reiss: La historia no busca causas
sino elementos que hacen la diferencia
to assess whether some event f (where f is a set that can but does not have to be a singleton) caused an event of interest J, the historian conducts a thought experiment in which he mentally removes f from the actual course of history and asks whether this removal would have made a difference to the occurrence of the event of interest J; or to know if f causes J, one needs to know whether ‘had f not been, J would not have been’ is true.
La explicación histórica es una explicación en términos de dependencia contrafáctica. Ok. Pero esta dependencia no es una relación causal
Si B no hubiese sucedido, E no sucedería. Pues si B no hubiese sucedido, C no sucedería. Y sin C no hay E. B no es la causa de E aunque E sí depende contrafácticamente de B.
La relación temporal entre el antecedente
y el conscuente es diferente.
"Si hubiese sido el caso que C entonces sería el caso que E" y
"Si no hubiese sido el caso que B, entonces no sería el caso que C" no son evaluables de la misma manera.(Backtracking counterfactuals)
La historia no excluye estos casos
El suceso B puede ser ofrecido como una explicación del suceso E —aunque no sea su causa.


Tibbles are S3 objects of class
c("tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame")
. This means that they
inherit their behavior from the "data.frame"
class and add
two subclasses "tbl"
and "tbl_df"
. The pillar
and tibble packages provide methods for "tbl"
and
"tbl_df"
, respectively. Package authors and programmers can
implement subclasses that extend either "tbl_df"
(and its
subclasses) or only "tbl"
to provide custom behavior for
tibble-like objects. In addition, vectors classes can be implemented
from scratch or on top of existing classes, to be used as columns. This
article provides links to the various customization points that help you
avoiding reimplement existing behavior, and describes the difference
between "tbl"
and "tbl_df"
.
Read more in the second edition of Advanced R:
Change or tweak the way a tibble prints:
vignette("extending", package = "pillar")
Change or tweak the way a column type is printed in a tibble:
vignette("pillar", package = "vctrs")
Implement a new column data type:
vignette("s3-vector", package = "vctrs")
Making your tibble subclass work well with dplyr:
?dplyr::dplyr_extending
library(tibble)
For tibble >= 3.0.0, the "tbl"
class is responsible
for printing, while the "tbl_df"
class adds tibble’s sturdy
subsetting and subset assignment behavior (see
vignette("invariants")
for details). This means that a data
frame class that would like to (mostly) print like a tibble but keep the
behavior from base R’s data frames can inherit from
c("tbl", "data.frame")
or just from "tbl"
. An
example is the "tbl_sql"
class in the dbplyr package that
is used to implement lazy database tables.
<- new_tibble(
my_tbl_df list(a = 1:3, b = 2:4),
class = "my_tbl_df"
)
<- function(x, ...) {
tbl_sum.my_tbl_df c(
"My custom tibble" = "Some info about it",
NextMethod()
)
}
my_tbl_df
## # My custom tibble: Some info about it
## # A tibble: 3 × 2
## a b
## <int> <int>
## 1 1 2
## 2 2 3
## 3 3 4
"a"] my_tbl_df[,
## # My custom tibble: Some info about it
## # A tibble: 3 × 1
## a
## <int>
## 1 1
## 2 2
## 3 3
<- vctrs::new_data_frame(
my_tbl list(a = 1:3, b = 2:4),
class = c("my_tbl", "tbl")
)
<- function(x, ...) {
tbl_sum.my_tbl c(
"My custom data frame" = "Some info about it",
NextMethod()
)
}
my_tbl
## # My custom data frame: Some info about it
## # A data frame: 3 × 2
## a b
## <int> <int>
## 1 1 2
## 2 2 3
## 3 3 4
"a"] my_tbl[,
## [1] 1 2 3


ngView
ngRoute
ngView
is a directive that complements the $route service by
including the rendered template of the current route into the main layout (index.html
) file.
Every time the current route changes, the included view changes with it according to the
configuration of the $route
service.
Requires the ngRoute
module to be installed.
This directive can be used as custom element, but be aware of IE restrictions.
as element:<ng-view [onload="{string}"] [autoscroll="{string}"]> </ng-view>as attribute
<ANY ng-view [onload="{string}"] [autoscroll="{string}"]> ... </ANY>as class
<ANY class="ng-view [onload: {string};] [autoscroll: {string};]"> ... </ANY>
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| onload (optional) | string | Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates. |
| autoscroll (optional) | string | Whether
|
Emitted every time the ngView content is reloaded.


Nested Types
Enumerations are often created to support a specific class or structure’s functionality. Similarly, it can be convenient to define utility classes and structures purely for use within the context of a more complex type. To accomplish this, Swift enables you to define nested types, whereby you nest supporting enumerations, classes, and structures within the definition of the type they support.
To nest a type within another type, write its definition within the outer braces of the type it supports. Types can be nested to as many levels as are required.
Nested Types in Action
The example below defines a structure called BlackjackCard
, which models a playing card as used in the game of Blackjack. The BlackjackCard
structure contains two nested enumeration types called Suit
and Rank
.
In Blackjack, the Ace cards have a value of either one or eleven. This feature is represented by a structure called Values
, which is nested within the Rank
enumeration:
struct BlackjackCard {
// nested Suit enumeration
enum Suit: Character {
case spades = "♠", hearts = "♡", diamonds = "♢", clubs = "♣"
}
// nested Rank enumeration
enum Rank: Int {
case two = 2, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
case jack, queen, king, ace
struct Values {
let first: Int, second: Int?
}
var values: Values {
switch self {
case .ace:
return Values(first: 1, second: 11)
case .jack, .queen, .king:
return Values(first: 10, second: nil)
default:
return Values(first: self.rawValue, second: nil)
}
}
}
// BlackjackCard properties and methods
let rank: Rank, suit: Suit
var description: String {
var output = "suit is \(suit.rawValue),"
output += " value is \(rank.values.first)"
if let second = rank.values.second {
output += " or \(second)"
}
return output
}
}
The Suit
enumeration describes the four common playing card suits, together with a raw Character
value to represent their symbol.
The Rank
enumeration describes the thirteen possible playing card ranks, together with a raw Int
value to represent their face value. (This raw Int
value is not used for the Jack, Queen, King, and Ace cards.)
As mentioned above, the Rank
enumeration defines a further nested structure of its own, called Values
. This structure encapsulates the fact that most cards have one value, but the Ace card has two values. The Values
structure defines two properties to represent this:
first
, of typeInt
second
, of typeInt?
, or “optionalInt
”
Rank
also defines a computed property, values
, which returns an instance of the Values
structure. This computed property considers the rank of the card and initializes a new Values
instance with appropriate values based on its rank. It uses special values for jack
, queen
, king
, and ace
. For the numeric cards, it uses the rank’s raw Int
value.
The BlackjackCard
structure itself has two properties—rank
and suit
. It also defines a computed property called description
, which uses the values stored in rank
and suit
to build a description of the name and value of the card. The description
property uses optional binding to check whether there is a second value to display, and if so, inserts additional description detail for that second value.
Because BlackjackCard
is a structure with no custom initializers, it has an implicit memberwise initializer, as described in Memberwise Initializers for Structure Types. You can use this initializer to initialize a new constant called theAceOfSpades
:
let theAceOfSpades = BlackjackCard(rank: .ace, suit: .spades)
print("theAceOfSpades: \(theAceOfSpades.description)")
// Prints "theAceOfSpades: suit is ♠, value is 1 or 11"
Even though Rank
and Suit
are nested within BlackjackCard
, their type can be inferred from context, and so the initialization of this instance is able to refer to the enumeration cases by their case names (.ace
and .spades
) alone. In the example above, the description
property correctly reports that the Ace of Spades has a value of 1
or 11
.
Referring to Nested Types
To use a nested type outside of its definition context, prefix its name with the name of the type it is nested within:
let heartsSymbol = BlackjackCard.Suit.hearts.rawValue
// heartsSymbol is "♡"
For the example above, this enables the names of Suit
, Rank
, and Values
to be kept deliberately short, because their names are naturally qualified by the context in which they are defined.
Copyright © 2017 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2017-09-19


Network Security Testing
Securing the data on network may not seem very important until a company lose its data or the privacy of its data content because of no Network Security. Network data security should be a high priority due to the growing threat of hackers trying to Attack Company’s digital infrastructure. We will take the responsibility of exposing all the security defects/breach present in the Network and provide solutions to them.


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This project is not intended for public use at the moment. But it's already in use internally and getting more & more stable as time goes by. Nevertheless we built this page to make the project public for discussion & feedback.
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Replaces a string format operator with the equivalent
format
method call.
See
String format() method
for more details.


A general axisymmetric magnetic ﬁeld (which is not necessarily an equilibrium magnetic ﬁeld), is given by Eq. (10), i.e.,
|
| (67) |
For the above axisymmetric magnetic ﬁeld to be consistent with the force balance equation (56), there are additional requirements for Ψ and g. Speciﬁcally, Ψ is restricted by the GS equation and g should be a function of only Ψ. Therefore an axisymmetric equilibrium magnetic ﬁeld is fully determined by two functions, Ψ = Ψ(R,Z) and g = g(Ψ). The Ψ is determined by solving the GS equation with speciﬁed RHS source terms and boundary conditions.
The RHS source terms in the GS equation (66) are P(Ψ) and g(Ψ), both of which must be speciﬁed before the GS equation can be solved. For most cases, the source terms are nonlinear about Ψ and thus the GS equation is a two-dimensional (in the cylindrical coordinates R and Z) nonlinear partial diﬀerential equation for Ψ.
For most choices of P(Ψ) and g(Ψ), the GS equation (66) has to be solved numerically. For some particular choices of P and g proﬁles, analytical solutions are available, one of which is the Solovév equilibrium and is discussed in Appendix A.1.
Note that we solve the GS equation in order to obtain the poloidal magnetic ﬂux Ψ and thus the poloidal magnetic ﬁeld. The toroidal magnetic ﬁeld must be speciﬁed in some way before we can solve the GS equation. There are several ways of specifying the toroidal magnetic ﬁeld: (1) given g(Ψ), (2) given ⟨j∥⟩, (3) given the safety factor q(Ψ). There are simple relations between g, ⟨j∥⟩, and q, which allows translation form one to another (discussed later). In transport simulations, ⟨j∥⟩ is obtained from current drive models and neoclassical bootstrap current models. Note that the speciﬁcation of the source terms (P, g, q, and ⟨j∥⟩) usually involve the unknown Ψ (via not only the explicit presence of Ψ, but also the ﬂux-surface averaging which implicit involves Ψ). This indicates that iterations are needed when numerically solving the GS equation.
Many physical processes in tokamak are sensitive to the magnetic conﬁguration. Serious numerical simulations should use magnetic ﬁeld that satisﬁes the Grad-Shafranov equation and, if possible, use realistic magnetic ﬁelds reconstructed from experimental data.


Irodalomjegyzék
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Select the number of dice you wish to roll then click 'Roll'. After rolling you have the option to click and 'select' dice then you can Roll again but keep the selected dice.
Each player needs 5 dice (or our JavaScript app!).
All players roll 2 dice and the player with the largest total will go first.
Each round all players must roll all 5 dice but don’t show the other players.
The first player begins bidding, they announce any face value (e.g 1-6) and the minimum number of dice that they believe are showing that value, from all players dice.
Example bids: There are four twos (This means the player believes there are 4 dice showing the number 2 from every players dice.)
There are seven fives (This means the player believes there are 7 dice showing the number 5 from every players dice.)
Turns then rotate among the players in a clockwise order.
Each player has 2 options (a) Increase the bid or (b) Challenge the bid.
(a) You can increase the bid by bidding the same amount of dice with a higher face value or a higher amount of dice with any face value. Then it’s the next players turn.
(b) You can challenge the bid by saying “Liar!” This means you don’t think the previous bid was correct. When a challenge is called, all players must show their dice.
If the bid is correct (at least as many of the face value showing as were bid), the bidder wins. Otherwise the challenger wins.  The last player to retain a die(or dice) is the winner. The loser of the last round starts the next round, if they are eliminated then the person to their left starts the new round.
The object of Yahtzee is to obtain the highest score from throwing 5 dice.
The game consists of 13 rounds. In each round, you roll the dice and then score the roll in one of 13 categories.
You must score once in each category. The score is determined by a different rule for each category.
The game ends once all 13 categories have been scored.
To start with, roll all the dice. After rolling you can either score the current roll (see scoring), or re-roll any or all of the dice.
Again you can either score or re-roll any or all of the dice one last time.
After rolling 3 times you must choose a category to score.
You may score the dice at any point in the round, i.e. it doesn't have to be after the 3rd roll.
Scoring Rules and Scoring Card
You can print and write into the card or download and type into it.


PCRE-CONFIG(1) PCRE-CONFIG(1) NAME pcre-config - program to return PCRE configuration SYNOPSIS pcre-config [--prefix] [--exec-prefix] [--version] [--libs] [--libs- posix] [--cflags] [--cflags-posix] DESCRIPTION pcre-config returns the configuration of the installed PCRE libraries: the options required to compile a program to use them. OPTIONS --prefix Writes the directory prefix used in the PCRE installation for architecture independent files (e.g. /usr) to standard output. --exec-prefix Writes the directory prefix used in the PCRE installation for architecture dependent files (normally the same as --prefix) to standard output. --version Writes the version of PCRE installed to standard output. --libs Writes to standard output the command line options required to link with PCRE (e.g. -lpcre). --libs-posix Writes to standard output the command line options required to link with the PCRE POSIX emulation library (e.g. -lpcreposix -lpcre). --cflags Writes to standard output the command line options required to compile files that use PCRE (this often includes some -I options, but is blank on debian systems). --cflags-posix Writes to standard output the command line options required to compile files that use the PCRE POSIX emulation library (this often includes some -I options, but is blank on debian sys‐ tems). Suppress printing of filenames when searching multiple files. AUTHOR This manual page was written by Mark Baker<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). SEE ALSO pcre(3) PCRE-CONFIG(1)


Foster agency and embrace democratic design through welcoming, hands-on access to design processes, available directly to the inhabitants of public spaces.
Free sample architecture is a design methodology that sparks new communication pathways. It uses design interventions as a conversational icebreaker between designers, the authorities who manage public space, and the many people who experience it.
In Free Sample Architecture, designers employ physical prototypes to test out potential solutions to a design challenge, in small low-risk components. Individuals who encounter the humble “free sample” experience it first hand. Documenting visitors’ positive or negative reactions, through voting, provides anecdotal but earnest feedback about the value of particular design possibility. Human-scale prototypes are accessible to all demographics of people, provided they are occupying the hyperlocal space of the site. In many cities, individuals or marginalized groups may not presently recognize that they have a right to help shape the public spaces around them. By providing a simple democratic voting platform, accessible to anyone in the physical site, the design process fosters agency.
A democratic process of identifying what people need at a site has the potential to break through the limitations of existing forms of observational site research. Public space design can be transformed into a welcoming, transparent series of interactions. Initial reactions to a prototype begin to contributes to ongoing development of a project. Because designers can often gain access to the authorities who control public spaces, designers must be informed about the desires of a space’s users. If designers are more aware of what the public craves in a space, they can become mediators between those with the power to make the changes and the impacted public.
Cities are becoming more resilient via increasingly inclusive design processes. In my final year of the Master of Architecture program at SAIC, I am emboldened by the vibrancy of the walkable, democratic streetscape. I seek experimental approaches to urban design rooted in deep inquiry and frank exchange. My B.A. in Art History and Criticism from Bates College, with minor in Economics, culminated in an interview-driven undergraduate thesis on new models of urban public housing. Prior to Chicago, I was a writer and curatorial assistant in New York, and later at the Smithsonian’s Hirshhorn Museum. A hungry wanderlust led to art criticism projects in Buenos Aires and Cape Town. Despite a love of experiential travel and urban life, the rugged resourcefulness of rural New England fuels my design sensibility.