dfti::Settings Class Reference
#include <settings.hh>
Inheritance diagram for dfti::Settings:
Collaboration diagram for dfti::Settings:
Public Member Functions | |
| Settings (QString _rcfile, DebugMode _debug) | |
| Ctor. | |
| bool | debugRC () const |
| Returns true if settings debug messages are enabled. | |
| bool | debugData () const |
| Returns true if sensor data debug messages are enabled. | |
| bool | debugSerial () const |
| Returns true if serial i/o debug messages are enabled. | |
| void | loadRCFile (QString _fn) |
| Load a settings file. More... | |
| float | logRateMs (void) const |
| Return the log sampling time in ms. | |
| float | flushRateMs (void) const |
| Return the log flush timer period in ms. | |
| float | sendRateMs (void) const |
| Return the server sampling time in ms. | |
| bool | serverEnabled (void) const |
| Return the server status. | |
| QHostAddress | serverAddress (void) const |
| Return the server address. | |
| quint16 | serverPort (void) const |
| Return the server port. | |
| bool | useMessageInterval (void) const |
| Should we prefer the MESSAGE_INTERVAL interface? More... | |
| quint32 | streamRate (void) const |
| Return the desired MAVLink stream rate in Hz. | |
| bool | setSystemTime (void) const |
| Should we set the system time from GPS? | |
| bool | useRIO (void) const |
| Do we have RIO logging? | |
| bool | useMavlink (void) const |
| Do we have a MAVLink-based autopilot? | |
| bool | useUADC (void) const |
| Do we have a Micro Air Data Computer? | |
| bool | useVN200 (void) const |
| Do we have a VN-200 INS? | |
| bool | waitForRIO (void) const |
| Should we wait for the RIO values before logging? | |
| bool | waitForMavInit (void) const |
| Should we wait for the MAVLink init message before logging? | |
| bool | waitForVN200GPS (void) const |
| Should we wait for VN200 GPS before logging? | |
| bool | waitForAllSensors (void) const |
| Should we wait for all sensors to get data before writing? | |
| bool | waitForUpdate (void) const |
| Should we wait for a data update to write to the log? | |
| QString | autopilotSerialPort (void) const |
| Overridden Autopilot serial port. | |
| QString | rioSerialPort (void) const |
| Overridden RIO serial port. | |
| QString | uADCSerialPort (void) const |
| Overridden uADC serial port. | |
| QString | vn200SerialPort (void) const |
| Overridden VN-200 serial port. | |
| quint32 | autopilotBaudRate (void) const |
| Overridden Autopilot baud rate. | |
| quint32 | rioBaudRate (void) const |
| Overridden RIO baud rate. | |
| quint32 | uADCBaudRate (void) const |
| Overridden uADC baud rate. | |
| quint32 | vn200BaudRate (void) const |
| Overridden VN-200 baud rate. | |
Detailed Description
Settings manager.
Member Function Documentation
| void dfti::Settings::loadRCFile | ( | QString | _fn | ) |
Load a settings file.
- Parameters
-
_fn Filename for settings file.
|
inline |
Should we prefer the MESSAGE_INTERVAL interface?
- Remarks
- MAVLink has deprecated the REQUEST_DATA_STREAM interface in favor of the new MESSAGE_INTERVAL interface, however APM does not yet (~Nov 2016) support this.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Use the Run/Debug Configuration dialog to automatically submit input values
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To enable redirecting, select the Redirect input from checkbox and specify the
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Videos require accurate captions that are used by students with disabilities as well as many students looking to increase comprehension. Visual content such as graphics and photographs require you to write meaningful alternative text and/or long descriptions. If you were to give a description of your visual content over the phone, the person on the other end should be able to visualize your content by only hearing your text description.
When using Kaltura to upload or record Kaltura Capture videos, you have the option to create or order captions to upload your own caption file, or order free machine-generated captions and edit the captions for accuracy.
NOTE: machine captions are only 70-80% accurate and not 100% accessible within the Kaltura Caption Editor. If you choose to use a YouTube video that contains machine captions that you don’t have access to edit, you can link the Youtube video into a Kaltura instance, generate machine captions and then edit them for accuracy/upload them using the same caption editing method listed above.
For more information about whether your content is accessible or not, you can review the policies and instructions on Penn State’s Accessibility Website, or contact our office for more help.
For assistance with accessibility please fill out the Accessibility Consultation Form.


--- layout: y-page title: Examples permalink: /examples/ ---
This page is dedicated to examples built with Yjs. Write me, if you have something that you would like to commit!


Create New
Special title treatment
With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.


--- layout: page title: "Video" description: "..." permalink: /video/ header-img: "gallery/tsib3/12.jpg" ---


QuantitativeValue
A point value or interval for product characteristics and other purposes.
Usage: Between 1000 and 10,000 domains
| Property | Expected Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Properties from QuantitativeValue | ||
additionalProperty
|
PropertyValue | A property-value pair representing an additional characteristics of the entitity, e.g. a product feature or another characteristic for which there is no matching property in schema.org. Note: Publishers should be aware that applications designed to use specific schema.org properties (e.g. http://schema.org/width, http://schema.org/color, http://schema.org/gtin13, ...) will typically expect such data to be provided using those properties, rather than using the generic property/value mechanism. |
maxValue
|
Number | The upper value of some characteristic or property. |
minValue
|
Number | The lower value of some characteristic or property. |
unitCode
|
Text or URL | The unit of measurement given using the UN/CEFACT Common Code (3 characters) or a URL. Other codes than the UN/CEFACT Common Code may be used with a prefix followed by a colon. |
unitText
|
Text | A string or text indicating the unit of measurement. Useful if you cannot provide a standard unit code for unitCode. |
value
|
Number or Boolean or Text or StructuredValue | The value of the quantitative value or property value node. For QuantitativeValue, the recommended type for values is 'Number'. For PropertyValue, it can be 'Text;', 'Number', 'Boolean', or 'StructuredValue'. |
valueReference
|
Enumeration or StructuredValue or QualitativeValue or PropertyValue or QuantitativeValue | A pointer to a secondary value that provides additional information on the original value, e.g. a reference temperature. |
| Properties from Thing | ||
additionalType
|
URL | An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. In RDFa syntax, it is better to use the native RDFa syntax - the 'typeof' attribute - for multiple types. Schema.org tools may have only weaker understanding of extra types, in particular those defined externally. |
alternateName
|
Text | An alias for the item. |
description
|
Text | A short description of the item. |
image
|
ImageObject or URL | An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject. |
mainEntityOfPage
|
CreativeWork or URL | Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described.
See background notes for details. Inverse property: mainEntity. |
name
|
Text | The name of the item. |
potentialAction
|
Action | Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role. |
sameAs
|
URL | URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Freebase page, or official website. |
url
|
URL | URL of the item. |
Instances of QuantitativeValue may appear as values for the following properties
| Property | On Types | Description |
|---|---|---|
advanceBookingRequirement
|
Demand or Offer | The amount of time that is required between accepting the offer and the actual usage of the resource or service. |
cargoVolume
|
Vehicle | The available volume for cargo or luggage. For automobiles, this is usually the trunk volume. Typical unit code(s): LTR for liters, FTQ for cubic foot/feet Note: You can use minValue and maxValue to indicate ranges. |
deliveryLeadTime
|
Demand or Offer | The typical delay between the receipt of the order and the goods leaving the warehouse. |
depth
|
VisualArtwork or Product | The depth of the item. |
durationOfWarranty
|
WarrantyPromise | The duration of the warranty promise. Common unitCode values are ANN for year, MON for months, or DAY for days. |
eligibleDuration
|
Demand or Offer | The duration for which the given offer is valid. |
eligibleQuantity
|
Demand or Offer or PriceSpecification | The interval and unit of measurement of ordering quantities for which the offer or price specification is valid. This allows e.g. specifying that a certain freight charge is valid only for a certain quantity. |
fuelConsumption
|
Vehicle | The amount of fuel consumed for traveling a particular distance or temporal duration with the given vehicle (e.g. liters per 100 km). Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for liters per 100 km. Use unitText to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. L/100 km. Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and fuelEfficiency (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use valueReference to link the value for the fuel consumption to another value. |
fuelEfficiency
|
Vehicle | The distance traveled per unit of fuel used; most commonly miles per gallon (mpg) or kilometers per liter (km/L). Note 1: There are unfortunately no standard unit codes for miles per gallon or kilometers per liter. Use unitText to indicate the unit of measurement, e.g. mpg or km/L. Note 2: There are two ways of indicating the fuel consumption, fuelConsumption (e.g. 8 liters per 100 km) and fuelEfficiency (e.g. 30 miles per gallon). They are reciprocal. Note 3: Often, the absolute value is useful only when related to driving speed ("at 80 km/h") or usage pattern ("city traffic"). You can use valueReference to link the value for the fuel economy to another value. |
height
|
MediaObject or Person or VisualArtwork or Product | The height of the item. |
inventoryLevel
|
Demand or Offer or SomeProducts | The current approximate inventory level for the item or items. |
mileageFromOdometer
|
Vehicle | The total distance travelled by the particular vehicle since its initial production, as read from its odometer. Typical unit code(s): KMT for kilometers, SMI for statute miles |
numAdults
|
LodgingReservation | The number of adults staying in the unit. |
numChildren
|
LodgingReservation | The number of children staying in the unit. |
numberOfAxles
|
Vehicle | The number of axles. Typical unit code(s): C62 |
numberOfDoors
|
Vehicle | The number of doors. Typical unit code(s): C62 |
numberOfEmployees
|
Organization or BusinessAudience | The number of employees in an organization e.g. business. |
numberOfForwardGears
|
Vehicle | The total number of forward gears available for the transmission system of the vehicle. Typical unit code(s): C62 |
numberOfPlayers
|
Game or VideoGameSeries | Indicate how many people can play this game (minimum, maximum, or range). |
numberOfPreviousOwners
|
Vehicle | The number of owners of the vehicle, including the current one. Typical unit code(s): C62 |
partySize
|
TaxiReservation or FoodEstablishmentReservation | Number of people the reservation should accommodate. |
valueReference
|
QualitativeValue or PropertyValue or QuantitativeValue | A pointer to a secondary value that provides additional information on the original value, e.g. a reference temperature. |
vehicleSeatingCapacity
|
Vehicle | The number of passengers that can be seated in the vehicle, both in terms of the physical space available, and in terms of limitations set by law. Typical unit code(s): C62 for persons |
weight
|
Person or Product | The weight of the product or person. |
width
|
MediaObject or VisualArtwork or Product | The width of the item. |
yearlyRevenue
|
BusinessAudience | The size of the business in annual revenue. |
yearsInOperation
|
BusinessAudience | The age of the business. |
Acknowledgements
This class is derived from the GoodRelations Vocabulary for E-Commerce, created by Martin Hepp. GoodRelations is a data model for sharing e-commerce data on the Web that can be expressed in a variety of syntaxes, including RDFa and HTML5 Microdata. More information about GoodRelations can be found at http://purl.org/goodrelations/.Schema Version 2.2


Django administration
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Customer orders
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xsxp - eXtremely Simple Xml Parser
This package provides a simple interface to parse XML into a pure-value list. It also provides accessor routines to pull out specific subtags, not unlike DOM access. This package was written for and is used by Darren New's Amazon S3 access package.
This is pretty lame, but I needed something like this for S3, and at the time, TclDOM would not work with the new 8.5 Tcl due to version number problems.
In addition, this is a pure-value implementation. There is no garbage to clean up in the event of a thrown error, for example. This simplifies the code for sufficiently small XML documents, which is what Amazon's S3 guarantees.
Copyright 2006 Darren New. All Rights Reserved. NO WARRANTIES OF ANY TYPE ARE PROVIDED. COPYING OR USE INDEMNIFIES THE AUTHOR IN ALL WAYS. This software is licensed under essentially the same terms as Tcl. See LICENSE.txt for the terms.
The package implements five rather simple procedures. One parses, one is for debugging, and the rest pull various parts of the parsed document out for processing.
This parses an XML document (using the standard xml tcllib module in a SAX sort of way) and builds a data structure which it returns if the parsing succeeded. The return value is referred to herein as a "pxml", or "parsed xml". The list consists of two or more elements:
The first element is the name of the tag.
The second element is an array-get formatted list of key/value pairs. The keys are attribute names and the values are attribute values. This is an empty list if there are no attributes on the tag.
The third through end elements are the children of the node, if any. Each child is, recursively, a pxml.
Note that if the zero'th element, i.e. the tag name, is "%PCDATA", then the attributes will be empty and the third element will be the text of the element. In addition, if an element's contents consists only of PCDATA, it will have only one child, and all the PCDATA will be concatenated. In other words, this parser works poorly for XML with elements that contain both child tags and PCDATA. Since Amazon S3 does not do this (and for that matter most uses of XML where XML is a poor choice don't do this), this is probably not a serious limitation.
pxml is a parsed XML, as returned from xsxp::parse. path is a list of element tag names. Each element is the name of a child to look up, optionally followed by a hash ("#") and a string of digits. An empty list or an initial empty element selects pxml. If no hash sign is present, the behavior is as if "#0" had been appended to that element. (In addition to a list, slashes can separate subparts where convenient.)
An element of path scans the children at the indicated level for the n'th instance of a child whose tag matches the part of the element before the hash sign. If an element is simply "#" followed by digits, that indexed child is selected, regardless of the tags in the children. Hence, an element of "#3" will always select the fourth child of the node under consideration.
part defaults to "%ALL". It can be one of the following case-sensitive terms:
returns the entire selected element.
returns lindex 0 of the selected element.
returns index 1 of the selected element.
returns lrange 2 through end of the selected element, resulting in a list of elements being returned.
returns a concatenation of all the bodies of direct children of this node whose tag is %PCDATA. It throws an error if no such children are found. That is, part=%PCDATA means return the textual content found in that node but not its children nodes.
is like %PCDATA, but returns an empty string if no PCDATA is found.
For example, to fetch the first bold text from the fifth paragraph of the body of your HTML file,
xsxp::fetch $pxml {body p#4 b} %PCDATA
This iterates over each PXML in pxml_list (which must be a list of pxmls) selecting the indicated path from it, building a new list with the selected data, and returning that new list.
For example, pxml_list might be the %CHILDREN of a particular element, and the path and part might select from each child a sub-element in which we're interested.
This iterates over the direct children of pxml and selects only those with tagname as their tag. Returns a list of matching elements.
This outputs to chan (default stdout) a pretty-printed version of pxml.
This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain bugs and other problems. Please report such in the category amazon-s3 of the Tcllib Trackers. Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either package and/or documentation.
When proposing code changes, please provide unified diffs, i.e the output of diff -u.
Note further that attachments are strongly preferred over inlined patches. Attachments can be made by going to the Edit form of the ticket immediately after its creation, and then using the left-most button in the secondary navigation bar.
Text processing
2006 Darren New. All Rights Reserved.


this is a table showing table row selected by tab key
name
age
height
tom
23
173cm
lucy
32
163cm
frank
28
182cm


lorum iposum asdkkd jdfk sdlk jdkend djfdiajj my own rough test for the sake of clarity go for nore than that and to the stuff lorum iposum asdkkd jdfk sdlk jdkend djfdiajj my own rough test for the sake of clarity go for nore than that and to the stuff lorum iposum asdkkd jdfk sdlk jdkend djfdiajj my own rough test for the sake of clarity go for nore than that and to the stuff lorum iposum asdkkd jdfk sdlk jdkend djfdiajj my own rough test for the sake of clarity go for nore than that and to the stuff lorum iposum asdkkd jdfk sdlk jdkend djfdiajj my own rough test for the sake of clarity go for nore than that and to the stuff


Code coverage report for
All files
Statements:
31.94%
(1525 / 4774)
Branches:
14.69%
(322 / 2192)
Functions:
14.31%
(104 / 727)
Lines:
31.94%
(1525 / 4774)
Ignored:
none
File
Statements
Branches
Functions
Lines
dist/
31.94%
(1525 / 4774)
14.69%
(322 / 2192)
14.31%
(104 / 727)
31.94%
(1525 / 4774)


Hacking, extending, and wrapping are three verbs that are becoming increasingly important in musical engraving. They allow musicians and researchers to focus questions of big data, machine learning, digital creativity and new interfaces. As several stable alternatives for digital music representation have emerged in the music notation community - lilypond, guido, musicxml, abc, mei - knowing how to manipulate and transform these tools is becoming as important, if not more, as learning how to use them. This workshop, using LilyPond as a case-study, will treat notation software as a black box and will focus on hacking, extending, and wrapping the software in a variety of contexts. By the end, the goal is for students to feel as empowered as shapers of notation software as they are as users. In other words, the goal is for their work on the software to be as expressive and idiosyncratic as their work with the software. more info
The Guido Notation Format is a general purpose formal language for representing score-level music in a platform-independent plain text and human readable way. The format comes with various software components for music score rendering and manipulation. The main of these components is the Guido Engine. more info
In this workshop, we will explore how the concept of Totalitarian Scoring can be raised to new levels by exploiting the immersive possibilities of VR headsets to create a novel, interactive notational environment for performers to explore. more info


Bacon ipsum dolor amet andouille t-bone alcatra short loin ground round beef flank. Bacon pork chop landjaeger jerky. Pancetta salami pig, alcatra t-bone landjaeger chuck jerky. Shank corned beef bresaola cow.  Tail pork chop shoulder pork doner kielbasa.
 Bacon ground round chuck cow pork loin salami ham tail short ribs frankfurter buffalo pork chop. Cupim shank beef ribs, kielbasa filet mignon pork pork belly landjaeger ham hock pancetta short loin pork loin sausage porchetta tri-tip. Shankle porchetta corned beef turkey.  Porchetta filet mignon shankle ball tip. Frankfurter flank strip steak alcatra rump pork loin. Sausage swine pork loin, flank jowl brisket ham ribeye cow sirloin. Buffalo sausage pork chop rump, pork loin tail tenderloin flank kevin shankle meatball. Drumstick fatback strip steak, andouille alcatra spare ribs jowl shank bresaola ham ground round picanha burgdoggen pancetta.  Tri-tip tongue short ribs spare ribs turkey. Sausage buffalo leberkas cupim. Drumstick salami capicola doner ground round. Short loin frankfurter pastrami, turkey ham hock andouille biltong salami kevin pork loin tenderloin. Corned beef capicola filet mignon beef landjaeger picanha kielbasa tongue frankfurter ham hock turducken.


Each of the boarding passes represents a fashion show that was unusual or notable, for a reason explained by the cancellation reason. The main clue towards this is that the set of "From" cities is Paris, New York, London, Milan, and Beijing, which includes the "Big Four" fashion capitals, and the dates match with their corresponding fashion weeks (January-March for autumn/winter shows and September-October for spring/summer shows). We also might directly recognize a particularly notable show like Fendi's Great Wall of China show or Alexander McQueen's hologram. The shows, in boarding pass order, are:
| Location | Brand (and Youtube link) | Season | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paris | Alexander McQueen | Fall/Winter 2006 | The show ended with a hologram of Kate Moss floating in a pyramid. |
| Paris | Balenciaga | Fall/Winter 2020 | This show had a flooded runway and a giant screen on the ceiling playing apocalyptic imagery. |
| New York | Calvin Klein | Fall/Winter 2018 | The whole floor was covered with about 50,000 gallons of popcorn. |
| Paris | Chanel | Spring/Summer 2016 | This show was set in a fake airport terminal for "Chanel Airlines," hence the "just kidding, everything looks normal." |
| Beijing | Fendi | Spring/Summer 2008 | This show took place on the Great Wall of China. |
| Milan | Gucci | Fall/Winter 2018 | This show strangely featured models carrying replicas of their own heads (among other weird things like a chameleon and a "baby dragon"). |
| Paris | Louis Vuitton | Spring/Summer 2012 | This show featured a large carousel that all the models were on at the start. |
| New York | Philipp Plein | Fall/Winter 2018 | In addition to a giant UFO and a robot, this show also had fake snow falling throughout and a performance by Migos. |
| New York | Pyer Moss | Spring/Summer 2020 | This show, inspired by Sister Rosetta Tharpe, featured a band and a 65-person choir covering a variety of songs. |
| Paris | Rick Owens | Fall/Winter 2012 | This show had a backdrop consisting of two bars of fire, as well as all models wearing mesh face masks. |
| New York | Thom Browne | Fall/Winter 2012 | This show took place in front of 10 coffins, which people rose from at the beginning. |
| London | Topman | Fall/Winter 2014 | The end of this show saw the catwalk drenched in water. |
The brands are in alphabetical order, which helps with identification and suggests that they are the relevant names to index into with the numbers on the planes.
Each of the planes represents the first look in one of the above shows (or one of the first looks in cases where it's slightly ambiguous), where the wings represent arms and the "tail" (technically, the horizontal stabilizers) represents legs. We use the number on the plane to index into the matching brand name:
| Plane | Brand | First look | Index | Letter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balenciaga | 6 | C | ||
| Alexander McQueen | 1 | A | ||
| Topman | 1 | T | ||
| Rick Owens | 6 | W | ||
| Chanel | 3 | A | ||
| Philipp Plein | 4 | L | ||
| Calvin Klein | 7 | K | ||
| Fendi | 1 | F | ||
| Thom Browne | 3 | O | ||
| Pyer Moss | 4 | R | ||
| Gucci | 2 | U | ||
| Louis Vuitton | 5 | S |
This spells out CATWALK FOR US. Submitting this phrase prompted teams to send us some of their best looks for a hypothetical puzzle-themed show. Upon doing this, teams received the answer LIZ CLAIBORNE.


| Lost password: %USER_NAME% |
| Hi, You are receiving this email because you have requested a new password. To change the password you must click on the following link: http://%SRV_ADDRESS%/change_password/?c=%USER_VALIDATE% If you have not asked for the key change, please contact us at %SRV_MAIL% or responding to this emailo respondiendo a este correo. Your account will not be accessible until you change the password. |
| %SRV_NAME% desarrollado por TuFactoría |


Introduction
Directives in AngularJS is a powerful way of building reusable UI components. This simple project will serve as a sample/reference implementation demonstrating its flexibilities by making it inter-operable across runtime (AngularJS, plain simple JavaScript & jQuery)
For basic understanding of how directives work in AngularJS, please head to this developer guide.
Basic Example
This simple directive <timer />
will start the timer with the default option of
ticking every 1 millisecond
Timer with start time and auto start set
This will start a timer with<PHONE_NUMBER>000 milliseconds and stopped
Timer with hours, minutes & seconds
This markup <timer interval="1000">{{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}}
minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.</timer>
will run the clock timer ticking every second
{{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.
Timer i18n
This markup <timer interval="1000" language="fr" >{{yearUnit}}
will run the clock timer ticking every second.
You can use a controller variable as the language attribut or a string. If a scope variable is used, the value will be watched, that is to say if your app language changes, the change will also affects the timer.
Based on HumanizeDuration with more than 16 languages available.
Spanish
Year max unit time : {{yearUnit}}
Hour max unit time: {{hourUnit}}
Second max unit time: {{secondUnit}}
French
Year max unit time : {{yearUnit}}
Hour max unit time: {{hourUnit}}
Second max unit time: {{secondUnit}}
Available units
- secondUnit: 8 164 816 seconds
- minuteUnit: 136 089 minutes, 16 seconds
- hourUnit: 18 126 hours,9 minutes, 16 seconds
- dayUnit: 755 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 16 seconds
- monthUnit: 25 month, 5 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 16 seconds
- yearUnit : 2 years, 1 month, 5 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 16 seconds
Timer with leading zero
This markup <timer interval="1000">{{hhours}} hour{{hhoursS}}, {{mminutes}}
minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}.</timer>
will run the clock timer ticking every second with an additional zero at the beginning if unit is smaller than 10
{{hhours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}
Timer initialised with some predefined start time.
Following is the timer clock setting for the days, hours, minutes & seconds elapsed since January 1, 2013 (GMT-6)
(01 Jan 2013 06:00:00 GMT =<PHONE_NUMBER>000 milliseconds)
<timer start-time="1357020000000">{{days}} days, {{hours}} hours, {{minutes}} minutes, {{seconds}} seconds.</timer>
{{days}} days, {{hours}} hours, {{minutes}} minutes, {{seconds}} seconds.
Timer initialised with some predefined end time.
Following is the countdown timer setting for the days, hours, minutes & seconds to January 1, 2016 (GMT-6)
(01 Jan 2016 06:00:00 GMT =<PHONE_NUMBER>000 milliseconds)
<timer end-time="1451628000000">{{days}} days, {{hours}} hours, {{minutes}} minutes, {{seconds}} seconds.</timer>
{{days}} days, {{hours}} hours, {{minutes}} minutes, {{seconds}} seconds.
Progressbar Timer
Timer directive along with Twitter Bootstrap's Progressbar will set the timer on Progressbar control.
<timer countdown="30" interval="1000">

Remaining time : {{countdown}} second{{secondsS}} ({{progressBar}}%). Activity? {{displayProgressActive}}

</timer>
Remaining time : {{countdown}} second{{secondsS}} ({{progressBar}}%). Activity? {{displayProgressActive}}
<timer end-time="1451628000000" interval="1000">

</timer>
({{progressBar}}%). Progress bar activity : {{displayProgressActive}}
Countdown Timer
The countdown timer <timer interval="1000" countdown="100">{{countdown}}</timer>
will start its countdown from 100 until it reaches 0 by ticking every second
{{countdown}}
Timer with autostart = false
Click on the start button to start the timer. <timer autostart="false" interval="1000">{{seconds}}</timer>
{{seconds}}
Plural / Singular units
Two stopped countdown timers to illustrate how to handle pluralization of time units.
<timer autostart="false" countdown="90061">{{days}} day{{daysS}}, {{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.</timer>
{{days}} day{{daysS}}, {{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.
<timer autostart="false" countdown="190061">{{days}} day{{daysS}}, {{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.</timer>
{{days}} day{{daysS}}, {{hours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{minutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}.
Countdown time display according to specified max-time-unit
This markup will display countdown time in minute and seconds only. This attribute can be applied to regular clock timer as well.
<timer countdown="10041" max-time-unit="'minute'" interval="1000">{{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}</timer>
countdown Time with max time unit option - year
{{yyears}} year{{yearsS}}, {{mmonths}} month{{monthsS}}, {{ddays}} day{{daysS}}, {{hhours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}
countdown Time with max time unit option - minute
{{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}
countdown Time with max time unit option - second
{{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}
countdown Time without max time unit option - minute
{{ddays}} day{{daysS}}, {{hhours}} hour{{hoursS}}, {{mminutes}} minute{{minutesS}}, {{sseconds}} second{{secondsS}}
Countdown Finished Callback
A countdown timer that updates a value once the callback is reached
<timer countdown="3" interval="1000" finish-callback="callbackTimer.finished()">{{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}</timer>
{{seconds}} second{{secondsS}}
Timer: {{callbackTimer.status}}
Callbacks: {{callbackTimer.callbackCount}}
Markup
Timer directive can be declared using following options. By default, it will display milliseconds inside
span
tag. It can also take template string to display user-defined formats.
<timer interval="1000" />
<timer interval="1000">{{hours}} hours, {{minutes}} minutes,
{{seconds}} seconds, {{millis}} milliseconds.</timer>
Attributes
| Name | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|
| interval | false | 1 millisecond |
|
autostart Formerly called 'auto-start'. Please see this issue |
false | true |
| countdown | false | |
| start-time | false | starts the timer with predefined time (in milliseconds). |
| end-time | false | Sets the countdown based on predefined end time (in milliseconds). |
| max-time-unit | false | no default value. But you can give value, 'minute', 'second', or 'hour'. |
| language | false | 'en' for English. Please see supported languages. |
Methods
Following DOM methods can be invoked to timer. Append to timer-
for scope based
events when calling from AngularJS controllers.
| Method name | Description |
|---|---|
| start | Starts the timer |
| stop | Stops the timer |
| clear | Same as stop. But, without the event being triggered |
| resume | Resumes the timer. Will NOT reset the start time |
| addCDSeconds | Add seconds to running countdown |
Events
| Event name | Description |
|---|---|
| timer-tick | Tick event that gets emitted for every timer tick for specified interval. Please refer to Polling Timer example for its usage. |
| timer-stopped | Tick event that gets emitted when the timer stops. Please refer to Single Timer example for its usage. |
Install using Bower
bower install angular-timer
Contributions welcome!
We welcome any or all kinds of contributions! Please submit pull requests or create issues to contribute to this project :)


Box 1287 Port Shepstone Chaka -South Africa. {URGENT AND CONFIDENTIAL} RE: TRANSFER OF ($ 126,000.000.00 USD} {ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY SIX MILLION DOLLARS) ******************************************** Dear Sir/Madam, We want to transfer to overseas ($ 126,000.000.00 USD) One hundred and Twenty six million United States Dollars) from a Bank in Africa, You can serve to receive this money, as long as you will remain honest to me till the end for this important business trusting in you and believing in God that you will never let me down either now or in future. I am Dr. Almack Alexander, the Auditor General of a bank in Africa, during the course of our auditing I discovered a floating fund in an account opened in the bank in 1995 and since 1998 nobody has operated on this account again, after going through some old files in the records I discovered that the owner of the account died without a [heir] hence the money is floating and if I do not remit this money out urgently it will be forfeited for nothing. the owner of this account is Mr. Frankline Sullivan, a foreigner, and a sailor, and he died, since 1998. and no other person knows about this account or any thing concerning it, the account has no other beneficiary and my investigation proved to me as well that Frankline Sullivan until his death was the manager Sulliv Coy.(pty). SA. We will start the first transfer with Twenty six million [$26,000.000] upon successful transaction without any disappoint from your side, we shall re-apply for the payment of the remaining rest amount to your account. The amount involved is (USD 126M) One hundred and Twenty Six million United States Dollars, only I want to first transfer $26,000.000 [Twenty Six million United States Dollar from this money into a safe foreigners account abroad before the rest, but I don't know any foreigner, I am only contacting you as a foreigner because this money can not be approved to a local person here, without valid international foreign passport, but can only be approved to any foreigner with valid international passport or drivers license and foreign a/c because the money is in us dollars and the former owner of the a/c Mr. Frankline Sullivan is a foreigner too, [and the money can only be approved into a foreign a/c. However, we will sign a binding agreement, to bind us together I got your contact address from my secretary who operates computer, I am revealing this to you with believe in God that you will never let me down in this business, So please reply urgently so that I will inform you the next step to take urgently. Send also your private telephone and fax number including the full details of the account to be used for the deposit. I want us to meet face to face to build confidence and to sign a binding agreement that will bind us together before transferring the money to any account of your choice where the fund will be safe. Before we fly to your country for withdrawal, sharing and investments. I need your full co-operation to make this work fine. because the management is ready to approve this payment to any foreigner who has correct information of this account, which I will give to you, upon your positive response and once I am convinced that you are capable and will meet up with instruction of a key bank official who is deeply involved with me in this business. I need your strong assurance that you will never, never let me down. With my influence and the position of the bank official we can transfer this money to any foreigner's reliable account which you can provide with assurance that this money will be intact pending our physical arrival in your country for sharing. The bank official will destroy all documents of transaction immediately we receive this money leaving no trace to any place and to build confidence you can come immediately to discuss with me face to face after which I will make this remittance in your presence and three of us willfly to your country at least two days ahead of the money going into the account. I will apply for annual leave to get visa immediately I hear from you that you are ready to act and receive this fund in your account. I will use my position and influence to obtain all legal approvals for onward transfer of this money to your account with appropriate clearance from the relevant ministries and foreign exchange departments. At the conclusion of this business, you will be given 35% of the total amount, 60% will be for me, while 5% will be for expenses both parties might have incurred during the process of transferring. May the good God bless you.... Best Regard, Dr. Almack Alexander. _________________________________________________________________ Tired of spam? Get advanced junk mail protection with MSN 8. http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail


This name could be a bit misleading. There was no piano in this toy but the idea of it came from an improvisational VR drum system, with moving objects in front of you that you can hit with your virtual drumsticks. This project took me two and a half weeks to build by myself. I had Unity, and wanted to learn how to create a VR game using Unity. I had to figure out many things; like attaching the drumsticks to the VR Touch controller, or how to build for an Oculus Quest.
I was not sure what audio sample to play for the interaction, and then I watched this video of a musician I follow, who talked about a phenomena called "The Cat Piano". There is a link to the video below. To broadly describe what I understood about the video: Hearing uncommon cat meows in a controlled environment is entertaining to everyone, when this is mixed with popular culture it creates an urge to laugh for the listener upon confusion their engagement in the activity. So I tried to adapt this idea to the medium I was creating my art in. I put few different cat pictures on the boxes and gave each of them a unique meow. I was able to do this thanks to freesound.org and free browser based audio tools since I did not have a digital audio workstation on my laptop. It was demo day but interacting with these cats did not feel satisfying enough. Even though I made myself laugh the first time I tested it. I learned how to integrate controller vibration and haptic feedback. I mapped different cats to vibrate stronger or weaker depending on how loud or angry they sounded. Tested it again but something was still missing. It was visual feedback. I was not giving the user any visual indication that they were interacting with this virtual cat. Trying to change materials and visual effects seemed too much of a stretch considering people started showing up for the demo. I simply made the cat increase its y-axis position which made it go up slightly. I built it tested it with my coworkers - They were testing it for the first time - and got amazing reactions.
Everybody that put on the headset had no idea why these boxes with cat pictures on them were going from the left to the right. But seeing that they had these two long sticks attached to their hands, they tried to pet the cats with them. Their reaction was pure laughter every time. They didn't know what this was, but they kept poking the cats, and the cats kept meowing and going up. Because of my lack of time, the collisions of the sticks and the cats were not optimized, meaning you could wiggle one stick in the box which would trigger multiple collisions which made the cats louder and go high faster Even though this could be considered a bug, it added so much to the player experience. Because the game did not have a goal, it was just an interactive experience. But thanks to my last minute addition and this bug, most players tried to get the cat as high as possible. Even though it would cause many instances of the cat meowing audio that it sounded "angrier" people kept trying to focus on interacting with one cat rather than multiple at the same time.  Something I created positively affected all the people who tested it. I had around thirty different people test this out and I had a laugh rate of 100%. This simple phenomena proved its effectiveness in an environment I created.
The Cat Piano Back to portfolio


dos2unix - DOS/Mac to Unix and vice versa text file format converter
dos2unix [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
unix2dos [options] [FILE ...] [-n INFILE OUTFILE ...]
The Dos2unix package includes utilities dos2unix
and unix2dos
to convert plain text files in DOS or Mac format to Unix format and vice versa.
In DOS/Windows text files a line break, also known as newline, is a combination of two characters: a Carriage Return (CR) followed by a Line Feed (LF). In Unix text files a line break is a single character: the Line Feed (LF). In Mac text files, prior to Mac OS X, a line break was single Carriage Return (CR) character. Nowadays Mac OS uses Unix style (LF) line breaks.
Besides line breaks Dos2unix can also convert the encoding of files. A few DOS code pages can be converted to Unix Latin-1. And Windows Unicode (UTF-16) files can be converted to Unix Unicode (UTF-8) files.
Binary files are automatically skipped, unless conversion is forced.
Non-regular files, such as directories and FIFOs, are automatically skipped.
Symbolic links and their targets are by default kept untouched. Symbolic links can optionally be replaced, or the output can be written to the symbolic link target. Writing to a symbolic link target is not supported on Windows.
Dos2unix was modelled after dos2unix under SunOS/Solaris. There is one important difference with the original SunOS/Solaris version. This version does by default in-place conversion (old file mode), while the original SunOS/Solaris version only supports paired conversion (new file mode). See also options -o
and -n
. Another difference is that the SunOS/Solaris version uses by default iso mode conversion while this version uses by default ascii mode conversion.
Treat all following options as file names. Use this option if you want to convert files whose names start with a dash. For instance to convert a file named "-foo", you can use this command:
dos2unix -- -foo
Or in new file mode:
dos2unix -n -- -foo out.txt
Allow file ownership change in old file mode.
When this option is used, the conversion will not be aborted when the user and/or group ownership of the original file can't be preserved in old file mode. Conversion will continue and the converted file will get the same new ownership as if it was converted in new file mode. See also options -o
and -n
. This option is only available if dos2unix has support for preserving the user and group ownership of files.
Convert only line breaks. This is the default conversion mode.
Conversion between DOS and ISO-8859-1 character set. See also section CONVERSION MODES.
Use Windows code page 1252 (Western European).
Use DOS code page 437 (US). This is the default code page used for ISO conversion.
Use DOS code page 850 (Western European).
Use DOS code page 860 (Portuguese).
Use DOS code page 863 (French Canadian).
Use DOS code page 865 (Nordic).
Convert 8 bit characters to 7 bit space.
Keep Byte Order Mark (BOM). When the input file has a BOM, write a BOM in the output file. This is the default behavior when converting to DOS line breaks. See also option -r
.
Set conversion mode. Where CONVMODE is one of: ascii, 7bit, iso, mac with ascii being the default.
Set encoding of displayed text. Where ENCODING is one of: ansi, unicode, unicodebom, utf8, utf8bom with ansi being the default.
This option is only available in dos2unix for Windows with Unicode file name support. This option has no effect on the actual file names read and written, only on how they are displayed.
There are several methods for displaying text in a Windows console based on the encoding of the text. They all have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Dos2unix's default method is to use ANSI encoded text. The advantage is that it is backwards compatible. It works with raster and TrueType fonts. In some regions you may need to change the active DOS OEM code page to the Windows system ANSI code page using the chcp
command, because dos2unix uses the Windows system code page.
The disadvantage of ansi is that international file names with characters not inside the system default code page are not displayed properly. You will see a question mark, or a wrong symbol instead. When you don't work with foreign file names this method is OK.
The advantage of unicode (the Windows name for UTF-16) encoding is that text is usually properly displayed. There is no need to change the active code page. You may need to set the console's font to a TrueType font to have international characters displayed properly. When a character is not included in the TrueType font you usually see a small square, sometimes with a question mark in it.
When you use the ConEmu console all text is displayed properly, because ConEmu automatically selects a good font.
The disadvantage of unicode is that it is not compatible with ASCII. The output is not easy to handle when you redirect it to another program.
When method unicodebom
is used the Unicode text will be preceded with a BOM (Byte Order Mark). A BOM is required for correct redirection or piping in PowerShell.
The advantage of utf8 is that it is compatible with ASCII. You need to set the console's font to a TrueType font. With a TrueType font the text is displayed similar as with the unicode
encoding.
The disadvantage is that when you use the default raster font all non-ASCII characters are displayed wrong. Not only unicode file names, but also translated messages become unreadable. On Windows configured for an East-Asian region you may see a lot of flickering of the console when the messages are displayed.
In a ConEmu console the utf8 encoding method works well.
When method utf8bom
is used the UTF-8 text will be preceded with a BOM (Byte Order Mark). A BOM is required for correct redirection or piping in PowerShell.
The default encoding can be changed with environment variable DOS2UNIX_DISPLAY_ENC by setting it to unicode
, unicodebom
, utf8
, or utf8bom
.
Add a line break to the last line if there isn't one. This works for every conversion.
A file converted from DOS to Unix format may lack a line break on the last line. There are text editors that write text files without a line break on the last line. Some Unix programs have problems processing these files, because the POSIX standard defines that every line in a text file must end with a terminating newline character. For instance concatenating files may not give the expected result.
Force conversion of binary files.
On Windows UTF-16 files are by default converted to UTF-8, regardless of the locale setting. Use this option to convert UTF-16 files to GB18030. This option is only available on Windows. See also section GB18030.
Display help and exit.
Display file information. No conversion is done.
The following information is printed, in this order: number of DOS line breaks, number of Unix line breaks, number of Mac line breaks, byte order mark, text or binary, file name.
Example output:
6 0 0 no_bom text dos.txt
0 6 0 no_bom text unix.txt
0 0 6 no_bom text mac.txt
6 6 6 no_bom text mixed.txt
50 0 0 UTF-16LE text utf16le.txt
0 50 0 no_bom text utf8unix.txt
50 0 0 UTF-8 text utf8dos.txt
2 418 219 no_bom binary dos2unix.exe
Note that sometimes a binary file can be mistaken for a text file. See also option -s
.
Optionally extra flags can be set to change the output. One or more flags can be added.
Print the file information lines followed by a null character instead of a newline character. This enables correct interpretation of file names with spaces or quotes when flag c is used. Use this flag in combination with xargs(1) option -0
or --null
.
Print number of DOS line breaks.
Print number of Unix line breaks.
Print number of Mac line breaks.
Print the byte order mark.
Print if file is text or binary.
Print only the files that would be converted.
With the c
flag dos2unix will print only the files that contain DOS line breaks, unix2dos will print only file names that have Unix line breaks.
Print a header.
Show file names without path.
Examples:
Show information for all *.txt files:
dos2unix -i *.txt
Show only the number of DOS line breaks and Unix line breaks:
dos2unix -idu *.txt
Show only the byte order mark:
dos2unix --info=b *.txt
List the files that have DOS line breaks:
dos2unix -ic *.txt
List the files that have Unix line breaks:
unix2dos -ic *.txt
Convert only files that have DOS line breaks and leave the other files untouched:
dos2unix -ic0 *.txt | xargs -0 dos2unix
Find text files that have DOS line breaks:
find -name '*.txt' -print0 | xargs -0 dos2unix -ic
Keep the date stamp of output file same as input file.
Display program's license.
Add additional newline.
dos2unix: Only DOS line breaks are changed to two Unix line breaks. In Mac mode only Mac line breaks are changed to two Unix line breaks.
unix2dos: Only Unix line breaks are changed to two DOS line breaks. In Mac mode Unix line breaks are changed to two Mac line breaks.
Write a Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the output file. By default an UTF-8 BOM is written.
When the input file is UTF-16, and the option -u
is used, an UTF-16 BOM will be written.
Never use this option when the output encoding is other than UTF-8, UTF-16, or GB18030. See also section UNICODE.
New file mode. Convert file INFILE and write output to file OUTFILE. File names must be given in pairs and wildcard names should not be used or you will lose your files.
The person who starts the conversion in new file (paired) mode will be the owner of the converted file. The read/write permissions of the new file will be the permissions of the original file minus the umask(1) of the person who runs the conversion.
Don't allow file ownership change in old file mode (default).
Abort conversion when the user and/or group ownership of the original file can't be preserved in old file mode. See also options -o
and -n
. This option is only available if dos2unix has support for preserving the user and group ownership of files.
Do not add a line break to the last line if there isn't one.
Write to standard output, like a Unix filter. Use option -o
to go back to old file (in-place) mode.
Combined with option -e
files can be properly concatenated. No merged last and first lines, and no Unicode byte order marks in the middle of the concatenated file. Example:
dos2unix -e -O file1.txt file2.txt > output.txt
Old file mode. Convert file FILE and overwrite output to it. The program defaults to run in this mode. Wildcard names may be used.
In old file (in-place) mode the converted file gets the same owner, group, and read/write permissions as the original file. Also when the file is converted by another user who has write permissions on the file (e.g. user root). The conversion will be aborted when it is not possible to preserve the original values. Change of owner could mean that the original owner is not able to read the file any more. Change of group could be a security risk, the file could be made readable for persons for whom it is not intended. Preservation of owner, group, and read/write permissions is only supported on Unix.
To check if dos2unix has support for preserving the user and group ownership of files type dos2unix -V
.
Conversion is always done via a temporary file. When an error occurs halfway the conversion, the temporary file is deleted and the original file stays intact. When the conversion is successful, the original file is replaced with the temporary file. You may have write permission on the original file, but no permission to put the same user and/or group ownership properties on the temporary file as the original file has. This means you are not able to preserve the user and/or group ownership of the original file. In this case you can use option --allow-chown
to continue with the conversion:
dos2unix --allow-chown foo.txt
Another option is to use new file mode:
dos2unix -n foo.txt foo.txt
The advantage of the --allow-chown
option is that you can use wildcards, and the ownership properties will be preserved when possible.
Quiet mode. Suppress all warnings and messages. The return value is zero. Except when wrong command-line options are used.
Remove Byte Order Mark (BOM). Do not write a BOM in the output file. This is the default behavior when converting to Unix line breaks. See also option -b
.
Skip binary files (default).
The skipping of binary files is done to avoid accidental mistakes. Be aware that the detection of binary files is not 100% foolproof. Input files are scanned for binary symbols which are typically not found in text files. It is possible that a binary file contains only normal text characters. Such a binary file will mistakenly be seen as a text file.
Keep the original UTF-16 encoding of the input file. The output file will be written in the same UTF-16 encoding, little or big endian, as the input file. This prevents transformation to UTF-8. An UTF-16 BOM will be written accordingly. This option can be disabled with the -ascii
option.
Assume that the input file format is UTF-16LE.
When there is a Byte Order Mark in the input file the BOM has priority over this option.
When you made a wrong assumption (the input file was not in UTF-16LE format) and the conversion succeeded, you will get an UTF-8 output file with wrong text. You can undo the wrong conversion with iconv(1) by converting the UTF-8 output file back to UTF-16LE. This will bring back the original file.
The assumption of UTF-16LE works as a conversion mode. By switching to the default ascii mode the UTF-16LE assumption is turned off.
Assume that the input file format is UTF-16BE.
This option works the same as option -ul
.
Display verbose messages. Extra information is displayed about Byte Order Marks and the amount of converted line breaks.
Follow symbolic links and convert the targets.
Replace symbolic links with converted files (original target files remain unchanged).
Keep symbolic links and targets unchanged (default).
Display version information and exit.
In normal mode line breaks are converted from DOS to Unix and vice versa. Mac line breaks are not converted.
In Mac mode line breaks are converted from Mac to Unix and vice versa. DOS line breaks are not changed.
To run in Mac mode use the command-line option -c mac
or use the commands mac2unix
or unix2mac
.
In mode ascii
only line breaks are converted. This is the default conversion mode.
Although the name of this mode is ASCII, which is a 7 bit standard, the actual mode is 8 bit. Use always this mode when converting Unicode UTF-8 files.
In this mode all 8 bit non-ASCII characters (with values from 128 to 255) are converted to a 7 bit space.
Characters are converted between a DOS character set (code page) and ISO character set ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) on Unix. DOS characters without ISO-8859-1 equivalent, for which conversion is not possible, are converted to a dot. The same counts for ISO-8859-1 characters without DOS counterpart.
When only option -iso
is used dos2unix will try to determine the active code page. When this is not possible dos2unix will use default code page CP437, which is mainly used in the USA. To force a specific code page use options -437
(US), -850
(Western European), -860
(Portuguese), -863
(French Canadian), or -865
(Nordic). Windows code page CP1252 (Western European) is also supported with option -1252
. For other code pages use dos2unix in combination with iconv(1). Iconv can convert between a long list of character encodings.
Never use ISO conversion on Unicode text files. It will corrupt UTF-8 encoded files.
Some examples:
Convert from DOS default code page to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -iso -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from DOS CP850 to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -850 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix Latin-1:
dos2unix -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows CP1252 to Unix UTF-8 (Unicode):
iconv -f CP1252 -t UTF-8 in.txt | dos2unix > out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS default code page:
unix2dos -iso -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to DOS CP850:
unix2dos -850 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix Latin-1 to Windows CP1252:
unix2dos -1252 -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 (Unicode) to Windows CP1252:
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t CP1252 > out.txt
See also http://czyborra.com/charsets/codepages.html and http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html.
There exist different Unicode encodings. On Unix and Linux Unicode files are typically encoded in UTF-8 encoding. On Windows Unicode text files can be encoded in UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-16 big endian, but are mostly encoded in UTF-16 format.
Unicode text files can have DOS, Unix or Mac line breaks, like regular text files.
All versions of dos2unix and unix2dos can convert UTF-8 encoded files, because UTF-8 was designed for backward compatibility with ASCII.
Dos2unix and unix2dos with Unicode UTF-16 support, can read little and big endian UTF-16 encoded text files. To see if dos2unix was built with UTF-16 support type dos2unix -V
.
On Unix/Linux UTF-16 encoded files are converted to the locale character encoding. Use the locale(1) command to find out what the locale character encoding is. When conversion is not possible a conversion error will occur and the file will be skipped.
On Windows UTF-16 files are by default converted to UTF-8. UTF-8 formatted text files are well supported on both Windows and Unix/Linux.
UTF-16 and UTF-8 encoding are fully compatible, there will no text be lost in the conversion. When an UTF-16 to UTF-8 conversion error occurs, for instance when the UTF-16 input file contains an error, the file will be skipped.
When option -u
is used, the output file will be written in the same UTF-16 encoding as the input file. Option -u
prevents conversion to UTF-8.
Dos2unix and unix2dos have no option to convert UTF-8 files to UTF-16.
ISO and 7-bit mode conversion do not work on UTF-16 files.
On Windows Unicode text files typically have a Byte Order Mark (BOM), because many Windows programs (including Notepad) add BOMs by default. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark.
On Unix Unicode files typically don't have a BOM. It is assumed that text files are encoded in the locale character encoding.
Dos2unix can only detect if a file is in UTF-16 format if the file has a BOM. When an UTF-16 file doesn't have a BOM, dos2unix will see the file as a binary file.
Use option -ul
or -ub
to convert an UTF-16 file without BOM.
Dos2unix writes by default no BOM in the output file. With option -b
Dos2unix writes a BOM when the input file has a BOM.
Unix2dos writes by default a BOM in the output file when the input file has a BOM. Use option -r
to remove the BOM.
Dos2unix and unix2dos write always a BOM when option -m
is used.
Dos2unix has optional support for reading and writing Unicode file names in the Windows Command Prompt. That means that dos2unix can open files that have characters in the name that are not part of the default system ANSI code page. To see if dos2unix for Windows was built with Unicode file name support type dos2unix -V
.
There are some issues with displaying Unicode file names in a Windows console. See option -D
, --display-enc
. The file names may be displayed wrongly in the console, but the files will be written with the correct name.
Convert from Windows UTF-16 (with BOM) to Unix UTF-8:
dos2unix -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Windows UTF-16LE (without BOM) to Unix UTF-8:
dos2unix -ul -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-8 with BOM:
unix2dos -m -n in.txt out.txt
Convert from Unix UTF-8 to Windows UTF-16:
unix2dos < in.txt | iconv -f UTF-8 -t UTF-16 > out.txt
GB18030 is a Chinese government standard. A mandatory subset of the GB18030 standard is officially required for all software products sold in China. See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030.
GB18030 is fully compatible with Unicode, and can be considered an unicode transformation format. Like UTF-8, GB18030 is compatible with ASCII. GB18030 is also compatible with Windows code page 936, also known as GBK.
On Unix/Linux UTF-16 files are converted to GB18030 when the locale encoding is set to GB18030. Note that this will only work if the locale is supported by the system. Use command locale -a
to get the list of supported locales.
On Windows you need to use option -gb
to convert UTF-16 files to GB18030.
GB18030 encoded files can have a Byte Order Mark, like Unicode files.
Read input from 'stdin' and write output to 'stdout':
dos2unix < a.txt
cat a.txt | dos2unix
Convert and replace a.txt. Convert and replace b.txt:
dos2unix a.txt b.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt b.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode:
dos2unix a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt in ascii conversion mode, convert and replace b.txt in 7bit conversion mode:
dos2unix a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
dos2unix -c ascii a.txt -c 7bit b.txt
dos2unix -ascii a.txt -7 b.txt
Convert a.txt from Mac to Unix format:
dos2unix -c mac a.txt
mac2unix a.txt
Convert a.txt from Unix to Mac format:
unix2dos -c mac a.txt
unix2mac a.txt
Convert and replace a.txt while keeping original date stamp:
dos2unix -k a.txt
dos2unix -k -o a.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt:
dos2unix -n a.txt e.txt
Convert a.txt and write to e.txt, keep date stamp of e.txt same as a.txt:
dos2unix -k -n a.txt e.txt
Convert and replace a.txt, convert b.txt and write to e.txt:
dos2unix a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
dos2unix -o a.txt -n b.txt e.txt
Convert c.txt and write to e.txt, convert and replace a.txt, convert and replace b.txt, convert d.txt and write to f.txt:
dos2unix -n c.txt e.txt -o a.txt b.txt -n d.txt f.txt
In a Unix shell the find(1) and xargs(1) commands can be used to run dos2unix recursively over all text files in a directory tree. For instance to convert all .txt files in the directory tree under the current directory type:
find . -name '*.txt' -print0 |xargs -0 dos2unix
The find(1) option -print0
and corresponding xargs(1) option -0
are needed when there are files with spaces or quotes in the name. Otherwise these options can be omitted. Another option is to use find(1) with the -exec
option:
find . -name '*.txt' -exec dos2unix {} \;
In a Windows Command Prompt the following command can be used:
for /R %G in (*.txt) do dos2unix "%G"
PowerShell users can use the following command in Windows PowerShell:
get-childitem -path . -filter '*.txt' -recurse | foreach-object {dos2unix $_.Fullname}
The primary language is selected with the environment variable LANG. The LANG variable consists out of several parts. The first part is in small letters the language code. The second is optional and is the country code in capital letters, preceded with an underscore. There is also an optional third part: character encoding, preceded with a dot. A few examples for POSIX standard type shells:
export LANG=nl Dutch
export LANG=nl_NL Dutch, The Netherlands
export LANG=nl_BE Dutch, Belgium
export LANG=es_ES Spanish, Spain
export LANG=es_MX Spanish, Mexico
export LANG=en_US.iso88591 English, USA, Latin-1 encoding
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 English, UK, UTF-8 encoding
For a complete list of language and country codes see the gettext manual: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/Usual-Language-Codes.html
On Unix systems you can use the command locale(1) to get locale specific information.
With the LANGUAGE environment variable you can specify a priority list of languages, separated by colons. Dos2unix gives preference to LANGUAGE over LANG. For instance, first Dutch and then German: LANGUAGE=nl:de
. You have to first enable localization, by setting LANG (or LC_ALL) to a value other than "C", before you can use a language priority list through the LANGUAGE variable. See also the gettext manual: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/html_node/The-LANGUAGE-variable.html
If you select a language which is not available you will get the standard English messages.
With the environment variable DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR the LOCALEDIR set during compilation can be overruled. LOCALEDIR is used to find the language files. The GNU default value is /usr/local/share/locale
. Option --version will display the LOCALEDIR that is used.
Example (POSIX shell):
export DOS2UNIX_LOCALEDIR=$HOME/share/locale
On success, zero is returned. When a system error occurs the last system error will be returned. For other errors 1 is returned.
The return value is always zero in quiet mode, except when wrong command-line options are used.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_file
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode
Benjamin Lin -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Bernd Johannes Wuebben (mac2unix mode) -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Christian Wurll (add extra newline) -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Erwin Waterlander -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(maintainer)
Project page: http://waterlan.home.xs4all.nl/dos2unix.html
SourceForge page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/dos2unix/
file(1) find(1) iconv(1) locale(1) xargs(1)


Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth...
Aaron BY GEORGE HERBERT Holiness on the head,
Abacus BY SANDY FLORIAN A board. A slab. A draught. A frame strewn with sand for the delineation of figures.


Core Values
Our team is energetic, creative, and fun-loving and is not afraid to share ideas. Our team includes everyone and we all treat each other as an equal. We do not leave team members out and always have a smile on our face. When we get into a situation, we always calm down and vote for ideas. This way we do not run into conflicts all of the time. Out team will always keep having fun and keep coming up with cool ideas.


Maintaining our Website and Documentation
We have a lot of out-of-date information that needs to be tidied up on the site! Help by writing documentation, producing helpful diagrams, re-skinning the website, or organizing content. Documentation files are all in markdown, so use your favorite editor offline to make edits.
To add content or report issues with our site or documentation, follow the applicable instructions on our contributing section.
Feel free to post questions on the Selenium Developers Group or in the #selenium-documentation channel in our Chat Room.


BEAUTIFUL RATING: 1/10 --> So bad that it actually hurt to watch
For more reviews and movie screensavers, visit http://www.joblo.com/
It had been a while since I had seen a movie this bad. I honestly thought that they just didn't exist anymore. Sure, this year was filled with a lot of so-so movies, even a few films that just plain sucked, but none had actually managed to make me physically ill as this film did. By the first 45 minutes, I wanted to all-out kill the lead character, who could not have been a worse human being. Were we supposed to care about this woman for some reason?! I don't know. Was it all supposed to be funny?! Not sure. All I know is that this was one of the sappiest, stupidest, most embarrassing films put to the screen over the past few years.  PS: Skip this movie!
  Yugh! (and believe you me, I've actually left out the stupidest parts!)
CRITIQUE: This movie is hilarious...hilariously bad! The lead character in this film, played by Minnie Driver, is one of the most reprehensible human beings that I have ever had the displeasure of watching at the movies.  Not many qualities, I assure you.  But sadly, she is not the film's only problem. The biggest issue that this movie has is its terribly formulated screenplay. I am honestly still not sure whether or not this was supposed to be a drama or a comedy, but either way, the film is just howlingly bad.
Add that to the embarrassing plot device used to get the mother and daughter together (I won't ruin it here, but it is one of the most nonsensical plot twists that I have ever witnessed in a movie), the pathetic acting performance given by Joey Lauren Adams (the thought of her prison "confrontation" scene still makes me cringe), the extreme disservice that this film does to all beauty pageants and the pseudo-lesbian undertones, and God-oh-mighty, how the heck did this one get past the guards at the gate?!? The smartest person in this whole film is a 7-year old kid, who manages to say all the right things, while the only man in the script is a child-molesting drunk? Yeesh! C'mon ladies, are we really that bad? Director Sally Field also paces the film all wrong. Too much time is spent on the childhood, the film goes on for too long, and without a proper line between humor and drama, the film just dies all around. And what's with Minnie looking like a transvestite in the final "talent" contest? Yikes! And that dress! Ugh. Bad decisions all around! But when the lead character can be described in three simple words, bee-a-tch, you know the movie isn't gonna touch many hearts. Men, stay away, and I mean FAR AWAY from this one. And women...stay away also. But if you do decide to go, please just do me one favor: DO NOT BRING YOUR KIDS TO THIS FILM! The lead is an egotistical, selfish, lying phony who will give your loved ones nothing but bad advice and offensive moral values. Actually, you might want to take them in order to show them what NOT to become in their lives! I gave this movie one point because of the lovely Bridgette Wilson, who looked real pretty in the film.  I'm gonna go brush my teeth now.
Having done a little bit of research into the screenwriter of this film, Jon Bernstein, I found that he had only written one other movie project before this one. Do you want to guess what it was? It's actually a perfect companion piece to this film...Jerry Springer's RINGMASTER! Oh my...Jon...please...for the love of God and all that is good and sacred in this world and in screenwriting...put down the pen and concentrate your life on something else. You're "hurting" the world by writing movies.
Review Date: September 25, 2000 Director: Sally Field Writer: Jon Bernstein Producers: John Bertolli and B.J. Rack Actors: Minnie Driver as Mona Hibbard Joey Lauren Adams as Ruby Hallie Kate Eisenberg as Vanessa Genre: Drama/Comedy Year of Release: 2000 ------------------------------------- JoBlo's Movie Emporium http://www.joblo.com/ ------------------------------------- (c) 2000 Berge Garabedian
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


- Nuget Package
- {{nugetPackageName}}
- Documentation
- View
- Exchange
- RealEstate
- Queues
-
- Domain-event delivered to queues bound with a route-key pattern matching the route-key value associated with the message.
- The values within the RouteKey are often based on property values of the associated domain-event.
- Publisher defines the exchange.
- Publisher does not know all consumers of the exchange.
- Subscribers create queues on the exchange.
- Each subscriber created queue is bound to the exchange by one or more route-key patterns.
- The route-key pattern specified by subscribers is a period delimited value such as VW.*.2017.
- The * value within the pattern is used to indicate all values.
- The plug-in ID of the host application is appended to the queue name specified by the subscriber.
If multiple, subscriber applications are executing, domain-events will be delivered round-robin
between the subscribers bound to the queue.
- Domain events are simple POCO classes.
- Domain events derive from the common base DomainEvent class used by all NetFusion plugins and components.
- Publisher defines a derived ExchangeRegistryBase class used to specify to which exchange a domain event should be delivered when published.
- The common IMessagingService implementation routes all domain events with a defined registry entry to RabbitMQ.
- As with in-process messaging, subscribers associate method handlers to be invoked when a domain event is received.
- The subscriber decorates a method with the TopicQueueAttribute specifying the route-key(s) for which messages, with a matching route-key value, should be delivered.
- The TopicQueueAttribute will create a queue and bind it to the exchange using the specified route-key values.
- Domain events represent something that has happened and to which other services are to be notified.
- Domain event should be immutable and defined withing a solution's domain project.
- Domain events published to topic exchanges are often used for microservice integrations.
- It is best not to share types representing a domain event between solutions.
This example invokes a WebApi controller that publishes the
AutoSaleCompleted domain-event where the Make, Model, and Year properties
of the domain event are used as the route-key value. The publisher defines a Registry used
to specify the queue to which the domain-event is associated. The subscribing console application, withing the SampleTopicHandler
handler defines two queues with the specified patterns:
- GermanAutoSales
- VW.*.2017, Buick.*.2019
- AmericanAutosSales
- Chevy.*.2017, Buick.*.2019
- SweetishAutoSales
- SAAB.*.*, VOLVO.*.*, NEVS.*.2019
Publishes a domain event indicating that an automobile sale has been completed. Publish various domain events
with values matching and not matching the above patterns. Only domain events with a route-key matching one of
the above patterns will be delivered to the subscriber console application.


Statistical Analysis and Model in Python¶
Error Propagation¶
-
Provides a Distribution object to represent statistical distributions in a form that acts as a drop-in replacement for Quantity or a regular numpy.ndarray. Still work in progress.
uncertainties - Transparent calculations with uncertainties on the quantities involved
The uncertainties package is a free, cross-platform program that transparently handles calculations with numbers with uncertainties (like 3.14±0.01). It can also yield the derivatives of any expression.
Modeling Tool¶
spotpy - A Statistical Parameter Optimization Tool
SPOTPY is a Python framework that enables the use of Computational optimization techniques for calibration, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques of almost every (environmental-) model.
BayesianOptimization - A Python implementation of global optimization with gaussian processes
This is a constrained global optimization package built upon bayesian inference and gaussian process, that attempts to find the maximum value of an unknown function in as few iterations as possible.
Sampling Tools and Bayesian Analysis¶
emcee - The Python ensemble sampling toolkit for affine-invariant MCMC
By Dan Foreman-Mackey. emcee is a stable, well tested Python implementation of the affine-invariant ensemble sampler for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposed by Goodman & Weare (2010).
dynesty - Dynamic Nested Sampling package for computing Bayesian posteriors and evidences
By Josh Speagle. A Dynamic Nested Sampling package for computing Bayesian posteriors and evidences. Pure Python.
-
By Kyle Barbary
nnest - Neural network accelerated nested and MCMC sampling
By Adam Moss. Based on this paper
-
Sampyl is a package for sampling from probability distributions using MCMC methods. Similar to PyMC3 using theano to compute gradients, Sampyl uses autograd to compute gradients.
-
PyMC3 is a Python package for Bayesian statistical modeling and Probabilistic Machine Learning focusing on advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and variational inference (VI) algorithms. Its flexibility and extensibility make it applicable to a large suite of problems.
Getting started with PyMC3 and the Example Notebooks are good places to get started.
PyMC4 - A high-level probabilistic programming interface for TensorFlow Probability
Gaussian Process¶
A full introduction to the theory of Gaussian Processes is available for free online: Rasmussen & Williams (2006).
An Astronomer’s Introduction to Gaussian Processes
Very good introduction by Dan Foreman-Mackey.
sklearn.gaussian_process - The Gaussian Processes module in scikit-learn
GPy - Gaussian processes framework in python
Gaussian processes underpin range of modern machine learning algorithms. In GPy, we’ve used python to implement a range of machine learning algorithms based on GPs. Online document is here
gpflow - Gaussian processes in TensorFlow
GPflow is a package for building Gaussian process models in python, using TensorFlow.
GPflow implements modern Gaussian process inference for composable kernels and likelihoods.
GPflow uses TensorFlow for running computations, which allows fast execution on GPUs, and uses Python 3.5 or above.
gpytorch - A highly efficient and modular implementation of Gaussian Processes in PyTorch
GPyTorch is a Gaussian process library implemented using PyTorch. GPyTorch is designed for creating scalable, flexible, and modular Gaussian process models with ease.
george - Fast and flexible Gaussian Process regression in Python
By Dan Foreman-Mackey. George is a fast and flexible Python library for Gaussian Process (GP) Regression.
Unlike some other GP implementations, george is focused on efficiently evaluating the marginalized likelihood of a dataset under a GP prior, even as this dataset gets Big
Example applications:
celerite - Scalable 1D Gaussian Processes in C++, Python, and Julia
By Dan Foreman-Mackey. Online document is here
Based on Fast and scalable Gaussian process modeling with applications to astronomical time series
Survival Analysis¶
Traditionally, survival analysis was developed to measure lifespans of individuals. The analysis can be further applied to not just traditional births and deaths, but any duration.
Survival function: the survival function defines the probability the death event has not occured yet at time t, or equivalently, the probability of surviving past time t
Hazard curve: the probability of the death event occurring at time t, given that the death event has not occurred until time t. Hazard function is non-parametric.
Kaplan-Meier estimator for survival function: Survival analysis assumes that upper limits have the same underlying distribution as the data, and the Kaplan-Meier esti- mator further assumes that detections and upper limits are mutually independent
lifelines - implementation of survival analysis in Python
Handles right-censored data.
Example of astrophysical usage: radio SED of high-z SF galaxies


Pokémon Sword and Shield FAQ: Your Questions Answered
by Holly GreenWith the release of Pokémon Sword and Shield upon us, it’s time to dig and start the long heavy task of filling our Pokédex with the hundreds of Pokémon found in the games. Along the way you may have some questions; a few things don’t make themselves obvious and you’ll want answers fast. Here are solutions for the issues I had early in the game, so you don’t lose a second out in the Wild Area.
Can I change my roster on the fly, or do I have to return to a Pokémon Center?
Good news, no return to a Pokémon Center is necessary. Just hit X to open your menu, go to Pokemon, then hit R to open your boxes and select new Pokemon.
Why can’t I catch higher level Pokémon?
The Pokémon you’re allowed to catch is tied to how far you’ve come along in the main game and how many badges you’ve earned. You won’t unlock the top tier, level 60, until getting all your 8 gym badges.
How do I get Flying-type Pokémon?
If you pass by a flying-type Pokémon and they do not hover near you, just whistle. Note that this does not work with Butterfree.
How do I get Water-type Pokémon (that can’t be fished)?
During the game, you will receive a Rotom Bike, which after a certain point will also have the ability to go over water. Some notable locations to revisit at that point include the northwest pond in the Wild Area (the patch of land behind it has some of the best and strongest Pokémon), and the pond outside Professor Magnolia’s house.
What’s the difference between Sword and Shield? What are the Pokémon exclusive to Sword and Shield?
As with previous games, the differences between the twin games aren’t substantial. If you’re playing both games, you may notice right off the bat that some Pokémon will spawn in different places or at different times than you remember.
The exclusive Pokémon are:
Sword: Deino, Zweilous, Hydreigon, Jangmo-o, Hakamo-o, Kommo-o, and Sirfetch’d
Shield: Ponyta (Galarian form), Larvitar, Pupitar, Tyranitar, Goomy, Sliggoo, Goodra
There are also two exclusive Pokémon Gym leaders to each game. In Sword, you’ll meet Bea in the Fighting Gym (4th) and Gordie in the Rock Gym (6th). In Shield, you’ll meet Allister in the Ghost Gym (4th), and Melony in the Ice Gym (6th).
Additionally, which game you are playing may determine a key choice near the end of the game, however, it doesn’t seem to be consequential in the scheme of things.
Is there any Pokémon Let’s Go Pikachu and Eevee cross compatibility?
Yup! At the first train station, once you reach the other side, there are two children in a corner; talk to them to receive your reward.
Where can I find Eevee evolutions like Flareon, Umbreon and Jolteon?
If you’re looking to fast track your way to a few Eevee evolutions (I don’t know about you, but so far, Eevees seem scarce), then check out the lawn area behind the giant pond in the northwest section of the Wild Area, labeled Lake of Outrage on your map. There will often spawn an Eevee unique to whatever weather conditions are going on at the time. Around the rocks, you will also find evolution stones to do it the other way.
Where can I find curry cooking ingredients?
There are a few vendors in the Wild Area who will sell you unique curry base items like sausage and bags of bones, while trees can be shaken for berries—just don’t shake too often or you’ll wake up a Pokémon and get all your berries stolen. Other base ingredients like apples and leeks can be found at the roots of trees, the edge of bodies of water, and around large boulders like those in the north Wild Area.
What are Chairman Rose’s Pokémon types?
Steel! Plan accordingly. Take lots of Fire, Ground, or Fighting-type Pokémon in the battle with you.
Where do I get special Pokéballs like Quick Balls or Net Balls?
Those can be found from Watt Traders out in the Wild Area. The Quick Balls are particularly helpful.
What are the answers to the Fairy Gym?
The Fairy Gym will feature battles with four old ladies who will ask you questions. Answering correctly will give you stat boosts during the fight. The answers to the first three are Poison, Annette, and Omelettes. The last set is The Wizard, Purple, and 16.
What’s the solution to the Water Gym challenge?
That can be found in our guide.
Stay tuned to Paste Games for more Pokémon Sword and Shield guides to come.
Holly Green is the assistant editor of Paste Games and a reporter and semiprofessional photographer. She is also the author of Fry Scores: An Unofficial Guide To Video Game Grub. You can find her work at Gamasutra, Polygon, Unwinnable, and other videogame news publications.


{% extends "base/base.html" %} {% block content %}
arXiv:1807.07625 [pdf, other] astro-ph.GA
A comprehensive comparison between APOGEE and LAMOST: Radial Velocities and Atmospheric Stellar Parameters
Abstract: …velocities and the main stellar atmospheric parameters for stars in common between the latest data releases from the APOGEE and the LAMOST surveys. There is a total of 42,420 dwarfs/giants stars in common between the APOGEE DR14 - LAMOST DR3 stellar catalogs. A comparison between the RVs shows an offset of 4.54 $\pm$ 0.03 km/s, with a dispersion of 5.8 km/s,… ▽ More
Submitted 19 July, 2018; originally announced July 2018.
Comments: 14 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)


Chris Evans stuns Holly and Phil by pulling his trousers down on This Morning
Radio host Chris, 38, appeared on This Morning today and opened up about a medical procedure he'd undergone to heal a leg injury
by Irishmirror.ieChris Evans left Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield stunned today after pulling his trousers down live on This Morning today.
The radio host, 38, appeared on the ITV daytime show today and opened up about a medical procedure he'd undergone to heal a leg injury, which is putting his usual fitness routine on hold.
But when hosts Holly Willoughby and Phillip Schofield probed him about his recovery, he offered to show them his wound.
However both the presenters and viewers were left stunned when he stood up to unbuckle his trousers.
Phil joked: "What set of pants do you have on? Do you have teeny pants?"
The car enthusiast insisted that he didn't but told Phil to "fess up" to owning his own pair of "teeny pants".
Chris quipped: "Now we know what to get each other for Christmas!"
He then sat back down on the sofa in his boxers and showed off his bruised leg, saying that he had his "varicose veins microwaved".
However Chris, Holly and Phil laughed about how bizarre he must look with his trousers down during the interview.
Phil laughed and clarified the situation to those "tuning in now".
*This Morning airs weekdays at 12.30pm on ITV


The "prototype"
property is widely used by the core of JavaScript itself. All built-in constructor functions use it.
First we’ll see at the details, and then how to use it for adding new capabilities to built-in objects.
Let’s say we output an empty object:
js run let obj = {}; alert(obj); // "[object Object]" ?
Where’s the code that generates the string "[object Object]"
? That’s a built-in toString
method, but where is it? The obj
is empty!
…But the short notation obj = {}
is the same as obj = new Object()
, where Object
is a built-in object constructor function, with its own prototype
referencing a huge object with toString
and other methods.
Here’s what’s going on:
When new Object()
is called (or a literal object {...}
is created), the [[Prototype]]
of it is set to Object.prototype
according to the rule that we discussed in the previous chapter:
So then when obj.toString()
is called the method is taken from Object.prototype
.
We can check it like this:
```js run let obj = {};
alert(obj.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true
alert(obj.toString === obj.__proto__.toString); //true alert(obj.toString === Object.prototype.toString); //true ```
Please note that there is no more [[Prototype]]
in the chain above Object.prototype
:
js run alert(Object.prototype.__proto__); // null
Other built-in objects such as Array
, Date
, Function
and others also keep methods in prototypes.
For instance, when we create an array [1, 2, 3]
, the default new Array()
constructor is used internally. So Array.prototype
becomes its prototype and provides methods. That’s very memory-efficient.
By specification, all of the built-in prototypes have Object.prototype
on the top. That’s why some people say that “everything inherits from objects”.
Here’s the overall picture (for 3 built-ins to fit):
Let’s check the prototypes manually:
```js run let arr = [1, 2, 3];
// it inherits from Array.prototype? alert(arr.__proto__ === Array.prototype); // true
// then from Object.prototype? alert(arr.__proto__.__proto__ === Object.prototype); // true
// and null on the top. alert(arr.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__); // null ```
Some methods in prototypes may overlap, for instance, Array.prototype
has its own toString
that lists comma-delimited elements:
js run let arr = [1, 2, 3]; alert(arr); // 1,2,3 <-- the result of Array.prototype.toString
As we’ve seen before, Object.prototype
has toString
as well, but Array.prototype
is closer in the chain, so the array variant is used.
In-browser tools like Chrome developer console also show inheritance (console.dir
may need to be used for built-in objects):
Other built-in objects also work the same way. Even functions – they are objects of a built-in Function
constructor, and their methods (call
/apply
and others) are taken from Function.prototype
. Functions have their own toString
too.
```js run function f() {}
alert(f.__proto__ == Function.prototype); // true alert(f.__proto__.__proto__ == Object.prototype); // true, inherit from objects ```
The most intricate thing happens with strings, numbers and booleans.
As we remember, they are not objects. But if we try to access their properties, temporary wrapper objects are created using built-in constructors String
, Number
and Boolean
. They provide the methods and disappear.
These objects are created invisibly to us and most engines optimize them out, but the specification describes it exactly this way. Methods of these objects also reside in prototypes, available as String.prototype
, Number.prototype
and Boolean.prototype
.
``warn header="Values
nulland
undefinedhave no object wrappers" Special values
nulland
undefined` stand apart. They have no object wrappers, so methods and properties are not available for them. And there are no corresponding prototypes either.
## Changing native prototypes [#native-prototype-change]
Native prototypes can be modified. For instance, if we add a method to `String.prototype`, it becomes available to all strings:
```js run
String.prototype.show = function() {
alert(this);
};
"BOOM!".show(); // BOOM!
During the process of development, we may have ideas for new built-in methods we’d like to have, and we may be tempted to add them to native prototypes. But that is generally a bad idea.
Prototypes are global, so it's easy to get a conflict. If two libraries add a method `String.prototype.show`, then one of them will be overwriting the method of the other.
So, generally, modifying a native prototype is considered a bad idea.
In modern programming, there is only one case where modifying native prototypes is approved. That’s polyfilling.
Polyfilling is a term for making a substitute for a method that exists in the JavaScript specification, but is not yet supported by a particular JavaScript engine.
We may then implement it manually and populate the built-in prototype with it.
For instance:
```js run if (!String.prototype.repeat) { // if there’s no such method // add it to the prototype
String.prototype.repeat = function (n) { // repeat the string n times
// actually, the code should be a little bit more complex than that
// (the full algorithm is in the specification)
// but even an imperfect polyfill is often considered good enough
return new Array(n + 1).join(this);
}; }
alert(“La”.repeat(3)); // LaLaLa ```
In the chapter info:call-apply-decorators#method-borrowing we talked about method borrowing.
That’s when we take a method from one object and copy it into another.
Some methods of native prototypes are often borrowed.
For instance, if we’re making an array-like object, we may want to copy some Array
methods to it.
E.g.
```js run let obj = { 0: “Hello”, 1: “world!”, length: 2, };
! obj.join = Array.prototype.join; /!
alert( obj.join(‘,’) ); // Hello,world! ```
It works because the internal algorithm of the built-in join
method only cares about the correct indexes and the length
property. It doesn’t check if the object is indeed an array. Many built-in methods are like that.
Another possibility is to inherit by setting obj.__proto__
to Array.prototype
, so all Array
methods are automatically available in obj
.
But that’s impossible if obj
already inherits from another object. Remember, we only can inherit from one object at a time.
Borrowing methods is flexible, it allows to mix functionalities from different objects if needed.
Array.prototype
, Object.prototype
, Date.prototype
, etc.)Number.prototype
, String.prototype
and Boolean.prototype
. Only undefined
and null
do not have wrapper objects