Our users cannot create new flashcards all the time. It seems like a good idea to keep old but useful cards in storage so we can use them later. Let's try to do that!
In this stage, you will improve the application's interactivity by having it ask the user for action and perform it. You will also provide additional functionality, allowing the user to store flashcards in files for future use.
The program should support the following actions:
add
remove
import
export
ask
exit
You can store cards in a file in any format; tests do not check the content of the file, but they do check that the saved flashcards are loaded correctly.
When you load flashcards from a file, you shouldn't erase the cards that aren't in the file. If the imported flashcard already exists, update its definition in the program memory. There won't be any conflict with definitions in the tests.
You can use Random.nextInt(...) to generate random numbers in your ask
action implementation.
Print the message Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
each time the user is prompted for their next action. The action is read from the next line, processed, and the message is output again until the user decides to exit the program.
The program's behavior depends on the action the user inputs:
add
— create a new flashcard with a unique term and definition. After adding the card, output the message The pair ("term":"definition") has been added
, where "term"
is the term entered by the user and "definition"
is the definition entered by the user.remove
— ask the user for the term of the card they want to remove with the message Which card?
, and read the user's input from the next line. If a matching flashcard exists, remove it from the set and output the message The card has been removed.
. If there is no such flashcard in the set, output the message Can't remove "card": there is no such card.
, where "card"
is the user's input.import
— print the line File name:
, read the user's input from the next line, which is the file name, and import all the flashcards written to this file. If there is no file with such name, print the message File not found.
. After importing the cards, print the message n cards have been loaded.
, where n
is the number of cards in the file. The imported cards should be added to the ones that already exist in the memory of the program. However, the imported cards have priority: if you import a card with the name that already exists in the memory, the card from the file should overwrite the one in memory.export
— request the file name with the line File name:
and write all currently available flashcards into this file. Print the message n cards have been saved.
, where n
is the number of cards exported to the file.ask
— ask the user about the number of cards they want to be asked about and then prompt them for definitions, like in the previous stage.exit
— print Bye bye!
and finish the program.The symbol >
represents the user input. Note that it's not part of the input.
Example 1: the user removes an existing card and tries to remove a non-existent one
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> France
The definition of the card:
> Paris
The pair ("France":"Paris") has been added.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> France
The card "France" already exists.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> Great Britain
The definition of the card:
> Paris
The definition "Paris" already exists.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> remove
Which card?
> France
The card has been removed.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> remove
Which card?
> Wakanda
Can't remove "Wakanda": there is no such card.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> exit
Bye bye!
Example 2: the user uses files to import and export their flashcards; definitions of existing cards are updated after import
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> import
File name:
> ghost_file.txt
File not found.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> Japan
The definition of the card:
> Tokyo
The pair ("Japan":"Tokyo") has been added.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> Russia
The definition of the card:
> UpdateMeFromFile
The pair ("Russia":"UpdateMeFromFile") has been added.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> import
File name:
> capitals.txt
28 cards have been loaded.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> ask
How many times to ask?
> 1
Print the definition of "Russia":
> Moscow
Correct!
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> export
File name:
> capitalsNew.txt
29 cards have been saved.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> exit
Bye bye!
Example 3: the program asks for definitions several times
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> a brother of one's parent
The definition of the card:
> uncle
The pair ("a brother of one's parent":"uncle") has been added.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> add
The card:
> a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet
The definition of the card:
> ankle
The pair ("a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet":"ankle") has been added.
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> ask
How many times to ask?
> 6
Print the definition of "a brother of one's parent":
> ankle
Wrong. The right answer is "uncle", but your definition is correct for "a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet".
Print the definition of "a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet":
> ??
Wrong. The right answer is "ankle".
Print the definition of "a brother of one's parent":
> uncle
Correct!
Print the definition of "a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet":
> ankle
Correct!
Print the definition of "a brother of one's parent":
> ??
Wrong. The right answer is "uncle".
Print the definition of "a part of the body where the foot and the leg meet":
> uncle
Wrong. The right answer is "ankle", but your definition is correct for "a brother of one's parent".
Input the action (add, remove, import, export, ask, exit):
> exit
Bye bye!
Note that all your outputs and user inputs should be on separate lines.


Clinical Hypnotherapy is a gentle relaxing way to access the underlying processes that motivate and generate our thoughts and behaviours. With 'negative' thoughts or behaviours it allows us to re-align ourselves to think and behave in a more positive way.
Hypnotherapy is a gentle, safe, relaxing, powerful way to access the unconscious mind to allow sustained change to take place easily and effectively.
Hypnotherapy uses trance state explicitly. Hypnosis is a natural state of mind to everyone. Hypnosis is simply a way of relaxing and setting aside the conscious mind. It is a pleasant, gentle, often liberating experience. Afterward the person is refreshed and immediately ready to get on with their day. People may worry about being out of control while in trance or of being 'brainwashed'. The client's moral and ethical code will always protect them from suggestions and influences that violate their beliefs and values.
We often seek professional help because we have run out of conscious resources. When we are stuck, we don't know what we need or where to find it. Trance offers an opportunity to resolve the problem because it bypasses the conscious mind and makes unconscious resources available. It is our unconscious or sub conscious mind that runs our patterns and habits so that's where we need to install changes and refinements for sustained change.
Everyone has a rich personal history, filled with experience and resources that can be drawn on. It contains all the material needed to make changes, if only you can get at it. Trance is the ideal state of mind to explore and recover our unique internal resources. The ultimate goal of any therapy is for the client to become resourceful again in his or her own right.


2 Kings 19:12
Have the gods of the nations delivered them which my fathers have destroyed; as Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the children of Eden which were in Thelasar?


| Opcode/Instruction | Op/En | 64/32-bit Mode | CPUID Feature Flag | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66 0F 38 DC /r AESENC xmm1, xmm2/m128 | RM | V/V | AES | Perform one round of an AES encryption flow, operating on a 128-bit data (state) from xmm1 with a 128-bit round key from xmm2/m128. |
| VEX.NDS.128.66.0F38.WIG DC /r VAESENC xmm1, xmm2, xmm3/m128 | RVM | V/V | Both AES and AVX flags | Perform one round of an AES encryption flow, operating on a 128-bit data (state) from xmm2 with a 128-bit round key from the xmm3/m128; store the result in xmm1. |
| Op/En | Operand 1 | Operand2 | Operand3 | Operand4 |
| RM | ModRM:reg (r, w) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA | NA |
| RVM | ModRM:reg (w) | VEX.vvvv (r) | ModRM:r/m (r) | NA |
This instruction performs a single round of an AES encryption flow using a round key from the second source operand, operating on 128-bit data (state) from the first source operand, and store the result in the destination operand.
Use the AESENC instruction for all but the last encryption rounds. For the last encryption round, use the AESENC-CLAST instruction.
128-bit Legacy SSE version: The first source operand and the destination operand are the same and must be an XMM register. The second source operand can be an XMM register or a 128-bit memory location. Bits (VLMAX-1:128) of the corresponding YMM destination register remain unchanged.
VEX.128 encoded version: The first source operand and the destination operand are XMM registers. The second source operand can be an XMM register or a 128-bit memory location. Bits (VLMAX-1:128) of the destination YMM register are zeroed.
AESENC
STATE ← SRC1; RoundKey ← SRC2; STATE ← ShiftRows( STATE ); STATE ← SubBytes( STATE ); STATE ← MixColumns( STATE ); DEST[127:0] ← STATE XOR RoundKey; DEST[VLMAX-1:128] (Unmodified)
VAESENC
STATE (cid:197) SRC1; RoundKey (cid:197) SRC2; STATE (cid:197) ShiftRows( STATE ); STATE (cid:197) SubBytes( STATE ); STATE (cid:197) MixColumns( STATE ); DEST[127:0] (cid:197) STATE XOR RoundKey; DEST[VLMAX-1:128] (cid:197) 0
(V)AESENC:
__m128i _mm_aesenc (__m128i, __m128i)
None
See Exceptions Type 4.


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{% extends layout_template if layout_template is defined else 'wf_page.html' %} {% block wiki_content %}
In this assignment you will learn about whatever standardized test is most relevant to you and how to interpret these tests. Many of you will explore issues related to the controversial new test coming to US schools. You will also want to read and discuss the issues that are articulated in Pophams’ chapter on Standardized Tests. Reminder: You are all required to post a question as a comment to your classmates. This is not an optional part of the assignment. Try to post an open ended question about your wikifolio that gets discussion started.
A note about standardized tests: This assignment will present the K-12 standardized tests for Indiana, Illinois, and Georgia as well as a couple of standardized tests from ETS. If you live in another state or if there is another test that is relevant to your role/context and it has some sort of interpretation guide, then use that test for this assignment. Those of you in non-school settings have a choice of getting creative and finding something like a personality test or another sort of aptitude test, or just using one of the K-12 tests. You may have to modify the assignment a bit to suit you. Look over the interpretation guide and the assignment and if it still does not make sense contact the teaching assistant.
If you do not work with any standardized tests then just complete the assignment with one of the ones provided. This assignment is really about making sense of a handful of crucial concepts that anybody who has some expertise in assessment should be familiar with. Feel free to customize this assignment if needed to cover whatever stuff is relevant to interpreting standardized tests in your context.
For additional information, you may choose to read Popham’s 2001 article “Uses and Misuses of Standardized Tests.”
Your curricular aim is less important in this assignment than the previous ones. Describe your current and/or future role in the educational ecosystem relative to standardized tests. What is the most important test in your world? How does it relate to your curricular aim? Different aspects of tests are relevant to educators, administrators, and researchers. Some subjects are tested in schools and some are not. If you are in a college or university you are likely to be most concerned with standardized entrance examinations.
Read about the difference between percentiles, grade equivalent scores, and scale score. Summarize the following terms and describe the advantages/disadvantages of using each within your context and role:
Locate a “test interpretation guide” for a standardized test that is relevant to you within your context and role. In the box below, enter the name of the test you are using and a link, with short description. These will be displayed on a single page linked here. If you are a K-12 teacher from these states, then you might choose one of the following:
INDIANA
Indiana ISTEP+, IREAD-3 or IMAST
Indiana High School ECA
If you teach in Indiana and you do not
find these relevant, then try this Link to other
Indiana Assessments.
ILLINOIS
Illinois Standard Achievement Test (ISAT)
GEORGIA
Georgia Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests (CRCT)
ETS
SAT Subject Tests
GRE (Graduate
Record Examinations)
Links
to various TOEFL Interpretation Information
If you are in the K-12 setting, but not in Indiana, Illinois, or Georgia, you should Google “Test Interpretation Guide for [your state]” And you will likely find it. You should poke around here. As an assessment expert you should know where stuff is.
Your link will not show up on the shared resources page until you Save and Post your wikifolio - it does not show up if your wikifolio is a draft.
Describe how educators or administrators (presumably in your school system) are supposed to use the information gathered from your chosen standardized test to guide or improve their teaching and learning. Reference the specifics of the reports that are most relevant to your class/school/corporation (as presented in the test interpretation guide you chose). Discuss reliability and validity appropriately wherever possible. Your response must reflect the current or future role you play (teacher, administrator, researcher, etc.)
Describe how most educators and administrators (presumably in your school system) actually use data from the standardized test you presented -- even if the data is not used to guide or improve the teaching and learning. Discuss reliability and validity appropriately wherever possible. Your response must reflect the current or future role you play (teacher, administrator, researcher, etc.)
Rank the three types of Test Interpretation in order of relevance within your context and the test you are most likely to interpret. These are explained in Popham, on pages 329-340 but you can find this information in many place on the Internet. Rank them by dragging them into order, using your mouse.
Add brief justifications for the Type of Test Interpretation that you chose as most relevant and the one you chose as least relevant, keeping in mind your role and context.
Review the chapter, assignment, and your peers’ wikifolios. Also, read the Chapter Summary and What Teachers Need to Know. Come up with three big ideas. Number the ideas (1, 2, 3) and list them in order of importance to you, keeping in mind your role and context. Write a brief summary/explanation of each idea where you make it clear why they are relevant to you. These are the BIG ideas of the chapter not the more specific concepts listed above. You should refer to the What Teachers Need to Know…. section and the summary at the end of the chapter. Try to insert your experience and academic domain into this discussion.
For this question, you should choose a specific audience to write to: students’ parents, schools’ teachers, or corporation’s principals. You may refer to the appropriate guides: Reports for Teachers, Reports for School Administrators, or Reports for Corporation Administrators. Remember that you are writing from the perspective as someone in chosen (current or future) role and context.
In your own words, explain each of the following technical terms as presented by the test interpretation guide you located:
Your explanations should do the following:
NOTE: This will be most relevant for those teaching K-12 in the United States.
Review Coming Together to Raise Achievement, an excellent summary of the Race to the Top Program. List three key points about the coming assessment program in your state (Indiana is PARCC, pages 16-23 in the above document). List the three most relevant big ideas about PARCC or SBAC for you and others in your role in education.
If you are working in a PARCC state, go to Youtube and search for "PARCC Playlists." Locate a video that seems particularly relevant and watch enough of it to post the link and a brief summary. If you are in a SBAC state, review the list of videos at the SBAC YouTube Channel. Find one that looks relevant to you and watch enough of it to post the link and a brief summary.
Take the self-check at the end of the chapter. Answer all of the questions without looking up the answers. If you can't answer the items you should go back over that section. Say a few words about the ones you got wrong and why.
Ponder the Pondertime questions. Do so in light of your role and and aspirations and identify the question that is most relevant to you. Write a response to the most relevant question that includes an explanation of why it is most relevant to you. In particular consider how your role and domain impacted the relevance of the questions for you.
Post three brief reflections. You should write a coherent reflection that demonstrates understanding of the concepts and how they related to your curricular aims and context. On your Wikifolio, be sure to label each of the three types of engagement as you present your reflection.
You are advised to begin drafting the reflections while you are working on the Wikifolio, and then to complete them before starting the next assignment. They should serve as a review and help you better connect the ideas of the chapter to your practice.
While you are commenting, you should endorse at least three of your classmates’ Wikifolios for being complete. If your classmate has completed the required Consider the Concepts elements of the assignment, click the box that says Required Elements Completed. If your classmate has completed all of the expertise elements (except for the reflection) click All Elements Completed.
Your own Wikifolios needs to be endorsed by at least one classmate to count towards course completion. If you completed your wikifolio and it was not endorsed by a classmate, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>As part of reviewing and discussing, promote one (and only one) of your classmates’ Wikifolios as being exemplary from your perspective. Your reference group is whatever set you choose to review. Ideally you should select promote the one wikifolio that is exemplary out of your networking group. Click the box that indicates you wish to mark it as exemplary and indicate what was exemplary about it that helped you understand the chapter concepts.
This does not have to mean it was that best or even most complete. But rather it was an exemplary consideration of the chapter concepts in a way that helped you better understand them. A “leader” badge will be issued for each of the the three sections for the member of each networking group whose Wikifolio gets the most promotions.
Post at least one question as a comment to your classmates and the instructor that this assignment raised for you, given your role and setting. Try to not ask “known answer” yes/no questions. Rather ask questions that can get some discussion started.
Review the wikifolios of your groupmates and find ones that look interesting to you. Engage in discussion with them by posting questions or responding to their questions. Be sure to put responses in the box for responses. If there are multiple responses make it clear which response you are responding to. The goal here is to generate discussion threads that consider how the chapter concepts and considerations take on different meanings for different students.


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Interface TreeWalker
- All Superinterfaces:
TreeWalker
public interface TreeWalker extends TreeWalker
TreeWalker
objects can be used to navigate a document tree or
subtree using the view of the document defined by their
whatToShow
flags and filter (if any). The flags and filter
define a view of a document (or subtree), a logical view. The methods in this
interface allow to traverse that view.
Interoperability
This interface is based on the TreeWalker
interface in DOM Level 4, and it does not allow setting a
currentNode
that is not an inclusive descendant of the
root
node. The old
specification allows to set any node as currentNode
,
including nodes outside of the root
subtree, but the
aforementioned newer specification seems to imply, as of this writing, the
opposite.
Also, this implementation behaves differently from the Xerces
TreeWalker
regarding attributes.
-
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description DOMNode
firstChild()
Moves the TreeWalker to the first visible child of the current node, and returns the new node.DOMNode
getCurrentNode()
The node at which the TreeWalker is currently positioned.NodeFilter
getFilter()
If the filter implementsorg.w3c.dom.traversal.NodeFilter
, return it.NodeFilter
getNodeFilter()
Get theNodeFilter
callback.DOMNode
getRoot()
The root node.int
getWhatToShow()
The bitmask specifying what types of nodes to show.DOMNode
lastChild()
Moves the TreeWalker to the last visible child of the current node, and returns the new node.DOMNode
nextNode()
Moves the TreeWalker to the next visible node in document order relative to the current node, and returns the new node.DOMNode
nextSibling()
Moves the TreeWalker to the next sibling of the current node, and returns the new node.DOMNode
parentNode()
Moves to and returns the closest visible ancestor node of the current node.DOMNode
previousNode()
Moves the TreeWalker to the previous visible node in document order relative to the current node, and returns the new node.DOMNode
previousSibling()
Moves the TreeWalker to the previous sibling of the current node, and returns the new node.void
setCurrentNode(Node currentNode)
Set the node at which the TreeWalker is currently positioned.Methods inherited from interface org.w3c.dom.traversal.TreeWalker
getExpandEntityReferences
-
Method Details
-
getNodeFilter
NodeFilter getNodeFilter()Get theNodeFilter
callback.See
NodeFilter
.- Returns:
- a reference to the
NodeFilter
callback.
-
getFilter
NodeFilter getFilter()If the filter implementsorg.w3c.dom.traversal.NodeFilter
, return it.This library's
NodeFilter
interface is essentially the same as the W3C interface, but the filtering constants are named differently as a reminder that the filtering behaviour of this library's implementation ofNodeIterator
is not exactly what was specified by W3C.- Specified by:
getFilter
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the filter implementing the W3C's
org.w3c.dom.traversal
interface, ornull
otherwise.
-
getRoot
DOMNode getRoot()The root node.See the description of
root
in DOM Level 4.- Specified by:
getRoot
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the root node.
-
getWhatToShow
int getWhatToShow()The bitmask specifying what types of nodes to show.- Specified by:
getWhatToShow
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the bitmask to control which types of nodes are returned by the
TreeWalker
.
-
getCurrentNode
DOMNode getCurrentNode()The node at which the TreeWalker is currently positioned.Alterations to the DOM tree may cause the current node to no longer be accepted by the TreeWalker's associated filter (it may also be explicitly set to such a location by
setCurrentNode(Node)
).Further traversal occurs relative to currentNode even if it is not part of the current view, by applying the filters in the requested direction; if no traversal is possible, currentNode is not changed.
- Specified by:
getCurrentNode
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the node at which the TreeWalker is currently positioned.
-
setCurrentNode
Set the node at which the TreeWalker is currently positioned.The so-called
currentNode
may be explicitly set to any inclusive descendant of the root node, regardless of it being accepted by the filter andwhatToShow
flags. This differs from the W3C specification, where any node can be set.Further traversal occurs relative to
currentNode
even if it is not part of the logical view, by applying the filters in the requested direction; if no traversal is possible, currentNode is not changed.- Specified by:
setCurrentNode
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Parameters:
currentNode
- the node to locate the TreeWalker at.
-
firstChild
DOMNode firstChild()Moves the TreeWalker to the first visible child of the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no visible children, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
firstChild
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the new node, or
null
if the current node has no visible children in the logical view.
-
lastChild
DOMNode lastChild()Moves the TreeWalker to the last visible child of the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no visible children, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
lastChild
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the new node, or
null
if the current node has no visible children in the logical view.
-
nextNode
DOMNode nextNode()Moves the TreeWalker to the next visible node in document order relative to the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no next node, or if the search for nextNode attempts to step upward from the TreeWalker's root node, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
nextNode
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the next node, or
null
if there is no next node.
-
previousNode
DOMNode previousNode()Moves the TreeWalker to the previous visible node in document order relative to the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no previous node, or if the search for previousNode attempts to step upward from the TreeWalker's root node, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
previousNode
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the previous node, or
null
if there is no previous node.
-
nextSibling
DOMNode nextSibling()Moves the TreeWalker to the next sibling of the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no visible next sibling, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
nextSibling
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the next sibling or
null
if there is no next sibling in the logical view.
-
previousSibling
DOMNode previousSibling()Moves the TreeWalker to the previous sibling of the current node, and returns the new node.If the current node has no visible previous sibling, returns
null
, and retains the current node.- Specified by:
previousSibling
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the previous sibling or
null
if there is no previous sibling in the logical view.
-
parentNode
DOMNode parentNode()Moves to and returns the closest visible ancestor node of the current node.If the search for
parentNode
attempts to step upward from the TreeWalker'sroot
node, or if it fails to find a visible ancestor node, this method retains the current position and returnsnull
.- Specified by:
parentNode
in interfaceTreeWalker
- Returns:
- the new parent node, or
null
if the current node has no parent in the logical view.
-


Obviously, you care about MEI, and this is wonderful. A good way to make sure you understand MEI properly is to write a tutorial for it, which at the same time helps others to get a better understanding.
Writing documentation is typically an unrewarding task. No matter how much you write, there is always need for more, and no matter what you do, you will never fit the needs and expectations of everyone. The best way to address these issues is therefore to spread the task over many shoulders: There will be less work for everyone, and by looking at MEI from different backgrounds and levels of expertise, it becomes more likely to provide just the right assistance for everyone's specific needs.
So when you've learned something about MEI that you think others may benefit from, please don't hesitate to contribute. This tutorial will explain to you what's needed. No worries, you don't need to be a programmer to write your own tutorial, introduction to a specific repertory, or general best-practice recommendation. The MEI Community is out there to assist you, and the Technical Team will ensure that all you write is technically correct – nothing can go wrong, promised. So please follow us along on the next page by clicking continue below.


 These terms are explained in more detail here.
A lesbian woman is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to women. Many lesbians prefer to be called lesbian rather than gay.
A gay man is one who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men.
A bisexual person is someone who is romantically, sexually and/or emotionally attracted to people of genders both the same and different to their own.
Transgender an umbrella term used to describe people whose gender identity (internal feeling of being male, female or non-binary) and/or gender expression, differs from the gender they were assigned at birth. Not everyone whose appearance or behaviour is gender-atypical will identify as a transgender person.
One’s gender identity refers to whether one feels male, female or non-binary (regardless of one’s biological sex). Gender expression refers to outwardly expressing one’s gender identity.
Transgender people typically live or wish to live full time as members of a gender other than that assigned at birth. Transgender people often choose to undergo a social transition, which may involve changing their name, pronouns, appearance, and official gender markers. They may also pursue a medical transition, which can involve medical interventions, such as hormone therapy or surgery, to make their bodies fit with their gender identity and help ease gender dysphoria.
Transvestite or cross-dressing individuals are thought to comprise the largest transgender sub-group. Cross-dressers sometimes wear clothes considered appropriate to a different gender. They vary in how completely they dress (from one article of clothing to fully cross-dressing) as well as in their motives for doing so.
Gender Reassignment also called transitioning, is the process of changing the way someone’s gender is lived publicly and can be a complex process. People who wish to transition often start by expressing their gender identity in situations where they feel safe. They typically work up to living full-time in a different gender, by making gradual changes to their gender expression.
Connecting with other transgender people through peer support groups and transgender community organisations is also very helpful for people when they are going through the transition process. Transitioning differs for each individual and may involve changes in clothing and grooming, a name change, change of gender on identity documents, hormonal treatment, and surgery.
Coming Out is the term used by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and the wider queer community to describe their experience of discovery, self-acceptance, openness and honesty about their LGBT identity and their decision to disclose, i.e. to share this with others when and how they choose.
 Sexual orientation also refers to a person’s sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviours, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions.
Homophobia refers to fear of or prejudice and discrimination against lesbian, gay and bisexual people. It is also the dislike of same-sex attraction and love or the hatred of people who have those feelings. The term was first used in the 1970s and is more associated with ignorance, prejudice and stereotyping than with the physiological reactions usually attributed to a ‘phobia’. While homophobic comments or attitudes are often unintentional, they can cause hurt and offence to lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
Transphobia refers to fear of or prejudice and discrimination against people who are transgender or who are perceived to transgress norms of gender, gender identity or gender expression. While transphobic comments or attitudes are often unintentional, they can cause hurt and offence to transgender people.
Biphobia refers to the intolerance, hatred or erasure of bisexual people. The term describes an aversion to bisexuality (or any non-monosexuality) and is fueled by negative attitudes and myths surrounding bisexuality.
Definitions adapted from More Than a Phase (Pobal, 2006), For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation (APA, 2008) and Answers to Your Questions About Transgender Individuals and Gender Identity (APA, 2006)


Dallara Stradale Drag Races Lamborghini Huracan Evo, Runs Out of Luck
by Andrei TutuIf you're looking for a Lamborghini supercar to cast in the role of Goliath, the Aventador is certainly it. However, the Huracan will also fit the bill, especially with David being played by a Dallara Stradale - the two Italian go-fast toys recently engaged in a drag race.
The sprinting battle, which was held by Motorsport Magazine, saw the Dallara and the Lambo using a human Christmas Tree, while duking it out in a standing kilometer run.
As for the David vs. Goliath theme, it's enough to mention that the Stradale tips the scales at 855 kg (1,885 lb), while the Huracan Evo weighs in at around 1,420 kg (3,135 lb) - note that we're talking about the dry weight values here, so the machine are slightly heavier in the real world.
On the firepower front, the Huracan Evo's naturally aspirated 5.2-liter V10, which churns out 640 horses, has to face a Bosch-modified version of the Ford 2.3-liter turbo-four, with the EcoBoost motor delivering 400 hp.
Now, I've extensively covered the Huracan Evo in a track test, so let's take a bit of time to talk about the Stradale, which is a brilliant driving instrument that offer racecar sensations in a street package.
You see, before coming up with the Stradale back in 2017, Gian Paolo Dallara, the founder of the company, had developed F1, F3 and Indicar racers for multiple companies, helping go-fast carmakers with chassis matters (the list includes Lamborghini, Ferrari, McLaren and Alfa Romeo). So it looks like the two rivals share a bit of their family tree...
In the drag racing clip below, you'll notice the featherweight machine has no windshield, since the latter, which is made from polycarbonate, can be removed. In fact, the carbon chassis of the Stradale allows for various roof solutions to be installed, so you can also have this in Coupe, Roadster and Targa form. 🏁


--- layout: paginated-posts robots: noindex ---
A blog about non-technical things, life, religion, politics and my own opinions.


EuclideanEnvironment
public protocol EuclideanEnvironment
A protocol for Euclidean environments used in Chapter 2 of AIMA3e, this
represents the world as a grid of Cartesian coordinates, a Space
, that
agents move around in.
Remember: These protocols are not polymorphic like classes; review this and test, test, test.
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
typealias Location = EuclideanSpace.Location
-
The Euclidean space used by this environment.
For the two-square vacuum world, one may use
space = Space(0..<2)
which has two Cartesian coordinates or
Locations
,[0]
and[1]
.Declaration
Swift
var space: EuclideanSpace { get set }
-
Cumulative scores from each judge (performance measure) for each agent.
At each time step, each agent in the environment attempts to perform an action and each judge scores the effort by observing actual changes to the environment. This dictionary of dictionaries keeps track of these associations and scores.
-
Delegate to handle any observers listening to this environment.
Declaration
Swift
var delegate: ObserverDelegate<Self>? { get set }
-
addObject(_:at:)
Default implementationAdd an object to the environment optionally specifying its location. If no location is provided, a random one will be chosen.
Default Implementation
Parameters
thing
The object to add to environment.
location
Optional location at which to place it.
-
getObjects(at:)
Default implementationReturn all environment objects, along with their location, either from a specified location or, if no location is provided, from the entire environment.
Default Implementation
Parameters
location
Optional location to retrieve objects from.
Return Value
A
Dictionary<EnvironmentObject, Location>
satisfying input criteria.
-
step()
Default implementationMove clock forward one click.
With each step, agents are presented with the next
Percept
and their resultingAction
is scored by whateverJudges
(performance measures) are installed in the environment.Default Implementation
Declaration
Swift
mutating func step()
-
step(_:)
Default implementationMove clock forward by
count
clicks.Default Implementation
Declaration
Swift
mutating func step(_ count: Int)
Parameters
count
Number of clicks to move clock forward by.
-
Alter environment according to action just taken by incoming agent. For example, if a vacuum agent just did
Suck
then remove allDirt
from its current location (assumingSuck
is 100% successful).Attention
This method must be overriden by protocol adopters.
Declaration
Parameters
agent
The agent responsible for this action.
action
The action chosen by this agent
Return Value
List of changes to the environment, if any, caused by agent’s action. These are the
Percepts
seen by judges.
-
getScores(forAgent:)
Default implementation


| RUCIO |
|---|
| SCIENTIFIC DATA MANAGEMENT |
| Rucio authorization server has been granted access to your information. Rucio Client should now be able to fetch your token automatically. |
| Please copy-paste the following code to the open terminal session with Rucio Client in order to get your access token: |
| {{ authcode }} |


Here’s the progress I’ve made so far. The design patterns are split out by their classic categories. Check back often for updates.


Class Projects
You can trust me to take a designer's PSD and quickly & accurately convert it into a webpage that is pixel-perfect match.
I pride myself on writing CSS that is easy to read and build on. I focus on keeping my CSS lean and fast to load, and I make it a habit to stay up to date on current best practices.
My focus is writing clean, well formatted, semantic HTML5 by hand to make sure that the content is easy to read, easy to collaborate, trouble-shoot and accessible.


Constructor
new RestClient(optionsopt)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options |
RestClientOptions |
<optional> |
Instance options |
- Source:
Methods
_signed()
private methods
- Source:
(async) ajax(url, method, initopt) → {Promise}
Basic HTTP request. Customizable
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
url |
string | Full request URL | |
method |
string | Request HTTP method | |
init |
json |
<optional> |
Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise
del(url, init) → {Promise}
DELETE HTTP request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url |
string | Full request URL |
init |
JSON | Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise
endpoint(apiName) → {string}
Getting endpoint for API
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
apiName |
string | The name of the api |
- Source:
Returns:
- The endpoint of the api
- Type
- string
get(url, init) → {Promise}
GET HTTP request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url |
string | Full request URL |
init |
JSON | Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise
head(url, init) → {Promise}
HEAD HTTP request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url |
string | Full request URL |
init |
JSON | Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise
post(url, init) → {Promise}
POST HTTP request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url |
String | Full request URL |
init |
JSON | Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise
put(url, init) → {Promise}
PUT HTTP request
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
url |
String | Full request URL |
init |
JSON | Request extra params |
- Source:
Returns:
- A promise that resolves to an object with response status and JSON data, if successful.
- Type
- Promise


|
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
public interface Schema
An object which may contain a model, used to identify the form of XML content allowed within some other, containing element.
This is very much provisional; in the future will be more control for validation (i.e,
controlling the number of occurances), and support for analogs of W3C SChema sequence and choice.
The excess flexibility here forces some validation into element objects (the objects created from
the Rule
s within the
ElementModel
s).
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
boolean |
canInstancesBeKeyed()
Returns true if Elements conforming to this Schema can be indexed using a key. |
java.lang.String |
getDefiningModuleId()
Return the Module in which the Schema was defined. |
java.util.List |
getElementModel()
Returns a List of ElementModel , identifing the elements which may be enclosed by the
modeled element. |
java.lang.String |
getFullyQualifiedId()
|
java.lang.String |
getId()
Returns the (unqualified) id of this schema. |
java.lang.String |
getRootElementClassName()
|
boolean |
visibleToModule(java.lang.String moduleId)
Returns true if the schema is visible to the specified module, false otherwise. |
| Methods inherited from interface org.apache.hivemind.parse.AnnotationHolder |
|---|
getAnnotation, setAnnotation |
| Methods inherited from interface org.apache.hivemind.Locatable |
|---|
getLocation |
| Method Detail |
|---|
java.lang.String getId()
java.util.List getElementModel()
ElementModel
, identifing the elements which may be enclosed by the
modeled element.
The returned list is unmodifiabled and may be empty, but won't be null.
boolean canInstancesBeKeyed()
top-level ElementModel
must define a non-null
key attribute
or a unique attribute.
boolean visibleToModule(java.lang.String moduleId)
java.lang.String getDefiningModuleId()
java.lang.String getRootElementClassName()
java.lang.String getFullyQualifiedId()
|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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me, {{email.name}}
{{email.subject}}
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{{email.email_content}}
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As we looked at in Fundamental text and font styling, the fonts applied to your HTML can be controlled using the font-family property. This takes one or more font family names, and the browser travels down the list until it finds a font it has available on the system it is running on


{% extends 'store/base.html' %} {% block title %} Password Changed | Tetris Clothing Store {% endblock %} {% load static %} {% block extra_css %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include 'store/header.html' %} Phew! Your password has been changed. You may continue shopping. {% endblock %}
Phew!
Your password has been changed. You may continue shopping.


These notational conventions are used for presenting syntax:
[pattern] | optional |
{pattern} | zero or more repetitions |
(pattern) | grouping |
pat1 | pat2 | choice |
pat⟨pat′⟩ | difference—elements generated by pat |
except those generated by pat′ |
|
fibonacci | terminal syntax in typewriter font |
BNF-like syntax is used throughout, with productions having the form:
| nonterm | → | alt1 | alt2 | … | altn |
In both the lexical and the context-free syntax, there are some ambiguities that are to be resolved by making grammatical phrases as long as possible, proceeding from left to right (in shift-reduce parsing, resolving shift/reduce conflicts by shifting). In the lexical syntax, this is the “maximal munch” rule. In the context-free syntax, this means that conditionals, let-expressions, and lambda abstractions extend to the right as far as possible.
| program | → | { lexeme | whitespace } |
| lexeme | → | qvarid | qconid | qvarsym | qconsym |
| | | literal | special | reservedop | reservedid | |
| literal | → | integer | float | char | string |
| special | → | ( | ) | , | ; | [ | ] | ` | { | } |
| whitespace | → | whitestuff {whitestuff} |
| whitestuff | → | whitechar | comment | ncomment |
| whitechar | → | newline | vertab | space | tab | uniWhite |
| newline | → | return linefeed | return | linefeed | formfeed |
| return | → | a carriage return |
| linefeed | → | a line feed |
| vertab | → | a vertical tab |
| formfeed | → | a form feed |
| space | → | a space |
| tab | → | a horizontal tab |
| uniWhite | → | any Unicode character defined as whitespace |
| comment | → | dashes [ any⟨symbol⟩ {any} ] newline |
| dashes | → | -- {-} |
| opencom | → | {- |
| closecom | → | -} |
| ncomment | → | opencom ANY seq {ncomment ANY seq} closecom |
| ANY seq | → | {ANY }⟨{ANY } ( opencom | closecom ) {ANY }⟩ |
| ANY | → | graphic | whitechar |
| any | → | graphic | space | tab |
| graphic | → | small | large | symbol | digit | special | " | ' |
| small | → | ascSmall | uniSmall | _ |
| ascSmall | → | a | b | … | z |
| uniSmall | → | any Unicode lowercase letter |
| large | → | ascLarge | uniLarge |
| ascLarge | → | A | B | … | Z |
| uniLarge | → | any uppercase or titlecase Unicode letter |
| symbol | → | ascSymbol | uniSymbol⟨special | _ | " | '⟩ |
| ascSymbol | → | ! | # | $ | % | & | ⋆ | + | . | / | < | = | > | ? | @ |
| | | \ | ^ | | | - | ~ | : | |
| uniSymbol | → | any Unicode symbol or punctuation |
| digit | → | ascDigit | uniDigit |
| ascDigit | → | 0 | 1 | … | 9 |
| uniDigit | → | any Unicode decimal digit |
| octit | → | 0 | 1 | … | 7 |
| hexit | → | digit | A | … | F | a | … | f |
| varid | → | (small {small | large | digit | ' })⟨reservedid⟩ | |
| conid | → | large {small | large | digit | ' } | |
| reservedid | → | case | class | data | default | deriving | do | else | |
| | | foreign | if | import | in | infix | infixl | ||
| | | infixr | instance | let | module | newtype | of | ||
| | | then | type | where | _ | ||
| varsym | → | ( symbol⟨:⟩ {symbol} )⟨reservedop | dashes⟩ | |
| consym | → | ( : {symbol})⟨reservedop⟩ | |
| reservedop | → | .. | : | :: | = | \ | | | <- | -> | @ | ~ | => | |
| varid | (variables) | ||
| conid | (constructors) | ||
| tyvar | → | varid | (type variables) |
| tycon | → | conid | (type constructors) |
| tycls | → | conid | (type classes) |
| modid | → | {conid .} conid | (modules) |
| qvarid | → | [ modid . ] varid | |
| qconid | → | [ modid . ] conid | |
| qtycon | → | [ modid . ] tycon | |
| qtycls | → | [ modid . ] tycls | |
| qvarsym | → | [ modid . ] varsym | |
| qconsym | → | [ modid . ] consym | |
| decimal | → | digit{digit} | |
| octal | → | octit{octit} | |
| hexadecimal | → | hexit{hexit} | |
| integer | → | decimal | |
| | | 0o octal | 0O octal | ||
| | | 0x hexadecimal | 0X hexadecimal | ||
| float | → | decimal . decimal [exponent] | |
| | | decimal exponent | ||
| exponent | → | (e | E) [+ | -] decimal | |
| char | → | ' (graphic⟨' | \⟩ | space | escape⟨\&⟩) ' | |
| string | → | " {graphic⟨" | \⟩ | space | escape | gap} " | |
| escape | → | \ ( charesc | ascii | decimal | o octal | x hexadecimal ) | |
| charesc | → | a | b | f | n | r | t | v | \ | " | ' | & | |
| ascii | → | ^cntrl | NUL | SOH | STX | ETX | EOT | ENQ | ACK | |
| | | BEL | BS | HT | LF | VT | FF | CR | SO | SI | DLE | ||
| | | DC1 | DC2 | DC3 | DC4 | NAK | SYN | ETB | CAN | ||
| | | EM | SUB | ESC | FS | GS | RS | US | SP | DEL | ||
| cntrl | → | ascLarge | @ | [ | \ | ] | ^ | _ | |
| gap | → | \ whitechar {whitechar} \ |
Section 2.7 gives an informal discussion of the layout rule. This section defines it more precisely.
The meaning of a Haskell program may depend on its layout. The effect of layout on its meaning can be completely described by adding braces and semicolons in places determined by the layout. The meaning of this augmented program is now layout insensitive.
The effect of layout is specified in this section by describing how to add braces and semicolons to a laid-out program. The specification takes the form of a function L that performs the translation. The input to L is:
There is no < n > inserted before the \Bill, because it is not the beginning of a complete lexeme; nor before the ,, because it is not preceded only by white space.)
The “indentation” of a lexeme is the column number of the first character of that lexeme; the indentation of a line is the indentation of its leftmost lexeme. To determine the column number, assume a fixed-width font with the following conventions:
For the purposes of the layout rule, Unicode characters in a source program are considered to be of the same, fixed, width as an ASCII character. However, to avoid visual confusion, programmers should avoid writing programs in which the meaning of implicit layout depends on the width of non-space characters.
The application L tokens [] delivers a layout-insensitive translation of tokens, where tokens is the result of lexically analysing a module and adding column-number indicators to it as described above. The definition of L is as follows, where we use “:” as a stream construction operator, and “[]” for the empty stream.
L (< n >: ts) (m : ms) | = | ; : (L ts (m : ms)) | if m = n |
= | } : (L (< n >: ts) ms) | if n < m |
|
L (< n >: ts) ms | = | L ts ms |
|
L ({n} : ts) (m : ms) | = | { : (L ts (n : m : ms)) | if n > m (Note 1) |
L ({n} : ts) [] | = | { : (L ts [n]) | if n > 0 (Note 1) |
L ({n} : ts) ms | = | { : } : (L (< n >: ts) ms) | (Note 2) |
L (} : ts) (0 : ms) | = | } : (L ts ms) | (Note 3) |
L (} : ts) ms | = | parse-error | (Note 3) |
L ({ : ts) ms | = | { : (L ts (0 : ms)) | (Note 4) |
L (t : ts) (m : ms) | = | } : (L (t : ts) ms) | if m∕ = 0 and parse-error(t) |
(Note 5) |
|||
L (t : ts) ms | = | t : (L ts ms) |
|
L [] [] | = | [] |
|
L [] (m : ms) | = | } : L [] ms | if m≠0 (Note 6) |
Here, the definition of p is indented less than the indentation of the enclosing context, which is set in this case by the definition of h.
The test m∕ = 0 checks that an implicitly-added closing brace would match an implicit open brace.
If none of the rules given above matches, then the algorithm fails. It can fail for instance when the end of the input is reached, and a non-layout context is active, since the close brace is missing. Some error conditions are not detected by the algorithm, although they could be: for example let }.
Note 1 implements the feature that layout processing can be stopped prematurely by a parse error. For example
is valid, because it translates to
The close brace is inserted due to the parse error rule above.
The “literate comment” convention, first developed by Richard Bird and Philip Wadler for Orwell, and inspired in turn by Donald Knuth’s “literate programming”, is an alternative style for encoding Haskell source code. The literate style encourages comments by making them the default. A line in which “>” is the first character is treated as part of the program; all other lines are comments.
The program text is recovered by taking only those lines beginning with “>”, and replacing the leading “>” with a space. Layout and comments apply exactly as described in Chapter 10 in the resulting text.
To capture some cases where one omits an “>” by mistake, it is an error for a program line to appear adjacent to a non-blank comment line, where a line is taken as blank if it consists only of whitespace.
By convention, the style of comment is indicated by the file extension, with “.hs” indicating a usual Haskell file and “.lhs” indicating a literate Haskell file. Using this style, a simple factorial program would be:
An alternative style of literate programming is particularly suitable for use with the LaTeX text processing system. In this convention, only those parts of the literate program that are entirely enclosed between \begin{code}…\end{code} delimiters are treated as program text; all other lines are comments. More precisely:
It is not necessary to insert additional blank lines before or after these delimiters, though it may be stylistically desirable. For example,
This style uses the same file extension. It is not advisable to mix these two styles in the same file.
| module | → | module modid [exports] where body | |
| | | body | ||
| body | → | { impdecls ; topdecls } | |
| | | { impdecls } | ||
| | | { topdecls } | ||
| impdecls | → | impdecl1 ; … ; impdecln | (n ≥ 1) |
| exports | → | ( export1 , … , exportn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) |
| export | → | qvar | |
| | | qtycon [(..) | ( cname1 , … , cnamen )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | qtycls [(..) | ( qvar1 , … , qvarn )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | module modid | ||
| impdecl | → | import [qualified] modid [as modid] [impspec] | |
| | | (empty declaration) | ||
| impspec | → | ( import1 , … , importn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) |
| | | hiding ( import1 , … , importn [ , ] ) | (n ≥ 0) | |
| import | → | var | |
| | | tycon [ (..) | ( cname1 , … , cnamen )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | tycls [(..) | ( var1 , … , varn )] | (n ≥ 0) | |
| cname | → | var | con | |
| topdecls | → | topdecl1 ; … ; topdecln | (n ≥ 0) |
| topdecl | → | type simpletype = type | |
| | | data [context =>] simpletype [= constrs] [deriving] | ||
| | | newtype [context =>] simpletype = newconstr [deriving] | ||
| | | class [scontext =>] tycls tyvar [where cdecls] | ||
| | | instance [scontext =>] qtycls inst [where idecls] | ||
| | | default (type1 , … , typen) | (n ≥ 0) | |
| | | foreign fdecl | ||
| | | decl | ||
| decls | → | { decl1 ; … ; decln } | (n ≥ 0) |
| decl | → | gendecl | |
| | | (funlhs | pat) rhs | ||
| cdecls | → | { cdecl1 ; … ; cdecln } | (n ≥ 0) |
| cdecl | → | gendecl | |
| | | (funlhs | var) rhs | ||
| idecls | → | { idecl1 ; … ; idecln } | (n ≥ 0) |
| idecl | → | (funlhs | var) rhs | |
| | | (empty) | ||
| gendecl | → | vars :: [context =>] type | (type signature) |
| | | fixity [integer] ops | (fixity declaration) | |
| | | (empty declaration) | ||
| ops | → | op1 , … , opn | (n ≥ 1) |
| vars | → | var1 , …, varn | (n ≥ 1) |
| fixity | → | infixl | infixr | infix | |
| type | → | btype [-> type] | (function type) |
| btype | → | [btype] atype | (type application) |
| atype | → | gtycon | |
| | | tyvar | ||
| | | ( type1 , … , typek ) | (tuple type, k ≥ 2) | |
| | | [ type ] | (list type) | |
| | | ( type ) | (parenthesized constructor) | |
| gtycon | → | qtycon | |
| | | () | (unit type) | |
| | | [] | (list constructor) | |
| | | (->) | (function constructor) | |
| | | (,{,}) | (tupling constructors) | |
| context | → | class | |
| | | ( class1 , … , classn ) | (n ≥ 0) | |
| class | → | qtycls tyvar | |
| | | qtycls ( tyvar atype1 … atypen ) | (n ≥ 1) | |
| scontext | → | simpleclass | |
| | | ( simpleclass1 , … , simpleclassn ) | (n ≥ 0) | |
| simpleclass | → | qtycls tyvar | |
| simpletype | → | tycon tyvar1 … tyvark | (k ≥ 0) |
| constrs | → | constr1 | … | constrn | (n ≥ 1) |
| constr | → | con [!] atype1 … [!] atypek | (arity con = k, k ≥ 0) |
| | | (btype | ! atype) conop (btype | ! atype) | (infix conop) | |
| | | con { fielddecl1 , … , fielddecln } | (n ≥ 0) | |
| newconstr | → | con atype | |
| | | con { var :: type } | ||
| fielddecl | → | vars :: (type | ! atype) | |
| deriving | → | deriving (dclass | (dclass1, … , dclassn)) | (n ≥ 0) |
| dclass | → | qtycls | |
| inst | → | gtycon | |
| | | ( gtycon tyvar1 … tyvark ) | (k ≥ 0, tyvars distinct) | |
| | | ( tyvar1 , … , tyvark ) | (k ≥ 2, tyvars distinct) | |
| | | [ tyvar ] | ||
| | | ( tyvar1 -> tyvar2 ) | tyvar1 and tyvar2 distinct | |
| fdecl | → | import callconv [safety] impent var :: ftype | (define variable) |
| | | export callconv expent var :: ftype | (expose variable) | |
| callconv | → | ccall | stdcall | cplusplus | (calling convention) |
| | | jvm | dotnet | ||
| | | system-specific calling conventions | ||
| impent | → | [string] | (see Section 8.5.1) |
| expent | → | [string] | (see Section 8.5.1) |
| safety | → | unsafe | safe | |
| ftype | → | frtype | |
| | | fatype → ftype | ||
| frtype | → | fatype | |
| | | () | ||
| fatype | → | qtycon atype1 … atypek | (k ≥ 0) |
| funlhs | → | var apat { apat } | |
| | | pat varop pat | ||
| | | ( funlhs ) apat { apat } | ||
| rhs | → | = exp [where decls] | |
| | | gdrhs [where decls] | ||
| gdrhs | → | guards = exp [gdrhs] | |
| guards | → | | guard1, …, guardn | (n ≥ 1) |
| guard | → | pat <- infixexp | (pattern guard) |
| | | let decls | (local declaration) | |
| | | infixexp | (boolean guard) | |
| exp | → | infixexp :: [context =>] type | (expression type signature) |
| | | infixexp | ||
| infixexp | → | lexp qop infixexp | (infix operator application) |
| | | - infixexp | (prefix negation) | |
| | | lexp | ||
| lexp | → | \ apat1 … apatn -> exp | (lambda abstraction, n ≥ 1) |
| | | let decls in exp | (let expression) | |
| | | if exp [;] then exp [;] else exp | (conditional) | |
| | | case exp of { alts } | (case expression) | |
| | | do { stmts } | (do expression) | |
| | | fexp | ||
| fexp | → | [fexp] aexp | (function application) |
| aexp | → | qvar | (variable) |
| | | gcon | (general constructor) | |
| | | literal | ||
| | | ( exp ) | (parenthesized expression) | |
| | | ( exp1 , … , expk ) | (tuple, k ≥ 2) | |
| | | [ exp1 , … , expk ] | (list, k ≥ 1) | |
| | | [ exp1 [, exp2] .. [exp3] ] | (arithmetic sequence) | |
| | | [ exp | qual1 , … , qualn ] | (list comprehension, n ≥ 1) | |
| | | ( infixexp qop ) | (left section) | |
| | | ( qop⟨-⟩ infixexp ) | (right section) | |
| | | qcon { fbind1 , … , fbindn } | (labeled construction, n ≥ 0) | |
| | | aexp⟨qcon⟩ { fbind1 , … , fbindn } | (labeled update, n ≥ 1) | |
| qual | → | pat <- exp | (generator) |
| | | let decls | (local declaration) | |
| | | exp | (guard) | |
| alts | → | alt1 ; … ; altn | (n ≥ 1) |
| alt | → | pat -> exp [where decls] | |
| | | pat gdpat [where decls] | ||
| | | (empty alternative) | ||
| gdpat | → | guards -> exp [ gdpat ] | |
| stmts | → | stmt1 … stmtn exp [;] | (n ≥ 0) |
| stmt | → | exp ; | |
| | | pat <- exp ; | ||
| | | let decls ; | ||
| | | ; | (empty statement) | |
| fbind | → | qvar = exp | |
| pat | → | lpat qconop pat | (infix constructor) |
| | | lpat | ||
| lpat | → | apat | |
| | | - (integer | float) | (negative literal) | |
| | | gcon apat1 … apatk | (arity gcon = k, k ≥ 1) | |
| apat | → | var [ @ apat] | (as pattern) |
| | | gcon | (arity gcon = 0) | |
| | | qcon { fpat1 , … , fpatk } | (labeled pattern, k ≥ 0) | |
| | | literal | ||
| | | _ | (wildcard) | |
| | | ( pat ) | (parenthesized pattern) | |
| | | ( pat1 , … , patk ) | (tuple pattern, k ≥ 2) | |
| | | [ pat1 , … , patk ] | (list pattern, k ≥ 1) | |
| | | ~ apat | (irrefutable pattern) | |
| fpat | → | qvar = pat | |
| gcon | → | () | |
| | | [] | ||
| | | (,{,}) | ||
| | | qcon | ||
| var | → | varid | ( varsym ) | (variable) |
| qvar | → | qvarid | ( qvarsym ) | (qualified variable) |
| con | → | conid | ( consym ) | (constructor) |
| qcon | → | qconid | ( gconsym ) | (qualified constructor) |
| varop | → | varsym | ` varid ` | (variable operator) |
| qvarop | → | qvarsym | ` qvarid ` | (qualified variable operator) |
| conop | → | consym | ` conid ` | (constructor operator) |
| qconop | → | gconsym | ` qconid ` | (qualified constructor operator) |
| op | → | varop | conop | (operator) |
| qop | → | qvarop | qconop | (qualified operator) |
| gconsym | → | : | qconsym |
The following is an example implementation of fixity resolution for Haskell expressions. Fixity resolution also applies to Haskell patterns, but patterns are a subset of expressions so in what follows we consider only expressions for simplicity.
The function resolve takes a list in which the elements are expressions or operators, i.e. an instance of the infixexp non-terminal in the context-free grammar. It returns either Just e where e is the resolved expression, or Nothing if the input does not represent a valid expression. In a compiler, of course, it would be better to return more information about the operators involved for the purposes of producing a useful error message, but the Maybe type will suffice to illustrate the algorithm here.
The algorithm works as follows. At each stage we have a call
which means that we are looking at an expression like
(the caller holds E0). The job of parse is to build the expression to the right of op1, returning the expression and any remaining input.
There are three cases to consider:
To initialise the algorithm, we set op1 to be an imaginary operator with precedence lower than anything else. Hence parse will consume the whole input, and return the resulting expression.
The handling of the prefix negation operator, -, complicates matters only slightly. Recall that prefix negation has the same fixity as infix negation: left-associative with precedence 6. The operator to the left of -, if there is one, must have precedence lower than 6 for the expression to be legal. The negation operator itself may left-associate with operators of the same fixity (e.g. +). So for example -a + b is legal and resolves as (-a) + b, but a + -b is illegal.
The function parseNeg handles prefix negation. If we encounter a negation operator, and it is legal in this position (the operator to the left has precedence lower than 6), then we proceed in a similar way to case (3) above: compute the argument to - by recursively calling parseNeg, and then continue by calling parse.
Note that this algorithm is insensitive to the range and resolution of precedences. There is no reason in principle that Haskell should be limited to integral precedences in the range 1 to 10; a larger range, or fractional values, would present no additional difficulties.


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We want your feedback, issues, patches, and involvement in the development of Podman. See Contributing for how to submit issues & PRs, and chat with us on Slack, IRC, or Email.
Slack and IRC
The Podman developers often hang out on the #CRI-O channel in [Kubernetes Slack](https://slack.k8s.io/). Note that the devs are generally around during CEST and Eastern Time business hours, so be patient if you're in another time zone.
There's also Podman users and developers on [IRC.Freenode.Net](https://webchat.freenode.net/) channel #podman.
Mailing List
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to subscribe to it.
- Send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with the word "Subscribe" in the subject.
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Regardless of which method you use, a confirmation email will be sent to you. After you reply back to that confirmation email, you'll then be able to send mail directly to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can then also go to the list's web page and from there you can see all of the past conversations on the list or manage your subscription.
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A Discrete Mathematics professor has a class of $N$ students. Frustrated with their lack of discipline, he decides to cancel class if fewer than $K$ students are present when class starts.
Given the arrival time of each student, determine if the class is canceled.
Input Format
The first line of input contains $T$, the number of test cases.
Each test case consists of two lines. The first line has two space-separated integers, $N$ (students in the class) and $K$ (the cancelation threshold).
The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers ($a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_N$) describing the arrival times for each student.
Note: Non-positive arrival times ($a_i \le 0$) indicate the student arrived early or on time; positive arrival times ($a_i \gt 0$) indicate the student arrived $a_i$ minutes late.
Output Format
For each test case, print the word YES if the class is canceled or NO if it is not.
Constraints
Note
If a student arrives exactly on time $(a_i = 0)$, the student is considered to have entered before the class started.
Sample Input
2
4 3
-1 -3 4 2
4 2
0 -1 2 1
Sample Output
YES
NO
Explanation
For the first test case, $K = 3$. The professor wants at least $3$ students in attendance, but only $2$ have arrived on time ($-3$ and $-1$). Thus, the class is canceled.
For the second test case, $K = 2$. The professor wants at least $2$ students in attendance, and there are $2$ who have arrived on time ($0$ and $-1$). Thus, the class is not canceled.


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On the homepage of each course site or project site, you will see boxes that can contain general information, recent announcements, recent discussion items, and recent chat messages.
Content options: You can display a webpage or text in your Worksite Information box. For instructions, see Adding content to the Worksite Information box.


# from theonerig.synchro.io import *
# from theonerig.core import *
# from theonerig.utils import *
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# photodiode_data = load_adc_raw(r"files/basic_synchro/photodiode_data", sampling_rate=30000)
Supposidly, get_thresholds should provide low and high threshold for the data, but the low_treshold is a sensitive value that should be checked manually in a record
# get_thresholds(photodiode_data)
get_first_high
finds the idx of the first frame higher than the threshold
detect_frames do frame detection. Works for camera pulses and photodiode data emitted by a DLP. It does it by:
# frame_timepoints, frame_signals = detect_frames(photodiode_data, 400, 5000, increment=500)
# plt.figure()
# plt.plot(photodiode_data)
# plt.scatter(frame_timepoints, frame_signals*6000+500, c="r")
Frame signals are then refined using cluster_frame_signals of the signals to attribute them a value in a defined range
# frame_signals = cluster_frame_signals(photodiode_data, frame_timepoints, n_cluster=5)
# plt.figure()
# plt.plot(photodiode_data[120000:131800])
# plt.scatter(frame_timepoints[frame_timepoints>120000]-120000, frame_signals[frame_timepoints>120000]*1000+500, c='r')
With the frame detected, we can create our record master, often named reM
# ref_timepoints, ref_signals = extend_sync_timepoints(frame_timepoints, frame_signals, up_bound=len(photodiode_data))
# reM = RecordMaster([(ref_timepoints, ref_signals)])
# print(len(reM[0]))
Though the reM we just created is from a tiny portion of real data. From now one we will use a premade reM generated from the same dataset, in full.
# record_time = parse_time("200331_170849") #Starting time of that example record found on the filename of the record
# print(record_time)
match_starting_position seaks in the record the first frame of a stimulus. We can use functions from theonerig.synchro.extracting to find out the stimuli used in that record, and get their values
# from theonerig.synchro.extracting import get_QDSpy_logs, unpack_stim_npy
# log = get_QDSpy_logs("./files/basic_synchro")[0]
# print(log.stimuli[2])
# #Unpacking the stimulus printed above
# unpacked_checkerboard = unpack_stim_npy("./files/basic_synchro/stimulus_data", "eed21bda540934a428e93897908d049e")
# print(unpacked_checkerboard[0].shape, unpacked_checkerboard[1].shape, unpacked_checkerboard[2])
get_position_estimate can approximately tell us where the stimulus should be to reduce the search time
# estimate_start = get_position_estimate(log.stimuli[2].start_time, record_time, sampling_rate=30000)
# print("Estimate position in sample points", estimate_start)
# stim_start_frame = match_starting_position(reM["main_tp"][0], reM["signals"][0], stim_signals=unpacked_checkerboard[1], estimate_start=estimate_start)
# print(stim_start_frame)
Let's see the match we obtain
# display_match(stim_start_frame, reference=unpacked_checkerboard[1], recorded=reM["signals"][0])
We have a match!! But be sure to check it everytime, as mismatches occurs. Set then stim_start_frame manually
We correct the stimulus values with frame_error_correction and it gives us back the changes it made to keep track of the errors made.
# signals = reM["signals"][0][stim_start_frame:stim_start_frame+len(unpacked_checkerboard[0])]
# corrected_checkerboard, shift_log, error_frames = frame_error_correction(signals, unpacked_checkerboard, algo="nw")
# print(shift_log, len(error_frames))


three.js
JavaScript 3D library
The aim of the project is to create an easy to use, lightweight, 3D library with a default WebGL renderer. The library also provides Canvas 2D, SVG and CSS3D renderers in the examples.
Examples — Documentation — Wiki — Migrating — Questions — Forum — Slack — Discord
Usage
This code creates a scene, a camera, and a geometric cube, and it adds the cube to the scene. It then creates a WebGL
renderer for the scene and camera, and it adds that viewport to the document.body
element. Finally, it animates the cube within the scene for the camera.
import * as THREE from 'js/three.module.js';
var camera, scene, renderer;
var geometry, material, mesh;
init();
animate();
function init() {
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 70, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.01, 10 );
camera.position.z = 1;
scene = new THREE.Scene();
geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 );
material = new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial();
mesh = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
scene.add( mesh );
renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { antialias: true } );
renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
document.body.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
}
function animate() {
requestAnimationFrame( animate );
mesh.rotation.x += 0.01;
mesh.rotation.y += 0.02;
renderer.render( scene, camera );
}
If everything went well, you should see this.
Cloning this repository
Cloning the repo with all its history results in a ~2GB download. If you don’t need the whole history you can use the depth
parameter to significantly reduce download size.
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js.git


How do I update ursina?
How should I structure my project?
Like this:
project_folder/
# create a new folder for each project
enemies.py
level.py
main.py
# the starting script
player.py
player_sprite.png
textures/
# assets can be placed alongside the scripts or in a folder below
enemy_
1.png
enemy_
2.png
How do I move the camera?
The camera is an Entity, so you can move and rotate it just like everything else:
camera.position = Vec3(1,1,0)
Why should I use Python for game development. Isn't it slow?
Not really. The most performance critical part are written in C++ or shader code.
Python can make you more productive as a developer and thus make it easier
to structure your project in a good way, rather than micro-optimize.
How do I call a function with a delay?
invoke(some_function, arg
1, kwarg
1=
'some kwarg', dela
y=
2)
How do I add lights?
If all you want are some simple lights to make 3D shapes look more interesting,
look at the program 'lights.py' in the samples folder. For anything more complicated,
you are on your own. The DirectionalLight has shadows too, but it's recommended to use the
lit_with_shadows_shader on entities. The shadow area will be calcualted based on the scene bounds,
so keep that in mind when isinstanciation the light.
How can I use panda3d alongside ursina?
What you need to know is that Entity is a NodePath and Ursina is a ShowBase.
You can also write custom shaders, see panda3d's shader documentation for that.
How do I detect collisions?
One way is with raycasts. They can hit anything with a collider.
https://www.ursinaengine.org/cheat_sheet.html#raycaster
https://www.ursinaengine.org/cheat_sheet.html#HitInfo
https://www.ursinaengine.org/cheat_sheet.html#Collider
There's also intersects(), which use the entity's collider and check if it intersects other colliders.
Like raycast(), it also returns a HitInfo.
Here's an example from the FirstPersonController:
# cast a ray from the player position in the walk direction.
# only move forward if it doesn't hit anything.
origin = self.world_position + (self.up*.
5) + (self.direction/
2)
ray = raycast(origin , self.direction,
ignore=[self,], distance=.
25, debug=False)
if not ray.hit:
self.position += self.direction * self.speed * time.dt


- It's time to -
Get Classy
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Rain
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Increase Volume
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Up
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Sum of multiples of 3 and 5 up to maximum input value:
The answer to problem 1 is:
Sum of even Fibonacci numbers up to:
The answer to problem 2 is:
The largest prime factors of number:
The answer to problem 3 is:


We'll show you how to integrate Orion with your JavaScript/Backbone project.
O2BB is pretty straightforward
Include the orion.js file after Underscore & Backbone includes
<script src="/underscore.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="/backbone.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="/orion.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
If you want to create a Backbone Model, you must extend it from Backbone.OrionModel. In case of a collection, Backbone.OrionCollection
Due to Orion functionality, you must set up a "type" prototype object
If your access to Orion require an access token, you also must set up the "token" prototype object
Example:
var SensorModel = Backbone.OrionModel({type: "sensor", token: "mytoken", urlRoot: "/orionEP"});
var SensorModel = Backbone.OrionCollection({model: SensorModel, token: "mytoken", urlRoot: "/orionEP"});
Just it!
You can view how works in the above demonstration
This example connects to Orion Context Broker Test Bed. That instance runs in the following address http://orion.lab.fiware.org:1026 and it's public but you need an access token.
You can get your access token following this instructions
Once you get the access token, copy&paste here and/or save in Local Storage (if available)
We'll use the SensorModel and SensorCollection defined before.
Because of Orion Test Bed instance does not implement CORS, we can't talk directly with it.
For this reason, we use a simple NodeJS server that acts as HTTP proxy. Any request made to /orion is redirect to http://orion.lab.fiware.org:1026. In this manner, we make all request to the same domain.
SendorModel has the following attributes: place, temperature and battery.


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import tags._ @import components.P @this(p: P) @(nino: Nino)(implicit messages: play.api.i18n.Messages) @cardContent = { @p(HtmlContent(s"${formattedNino(nino)}")) @p(Text(messages("label.your_national_insurance_number_is_your_unique_identifier"))) } @card( url = Some(controllers.routes.InterstitialController.displayNationalInsurance.url), gaAction = Some("National Insurance"), gaLabel = Some("National Insurance"), heading = messages("label.national_insurance"), bodyContent = Some(cardContent) ) {
}


WITNESS LIST Business & Commerce Committee January 30, 2003 -11:30A SB 14 AGAINST: Earley, Robert (State National Companies), Austin, TX Schneider, Rob (Consumers Union), Austin, TX ON: Floyd, Beaman (Texas Coalition for Affordable Insurance Solutions), Austin, TX Milligan, Bruce (Legislative Lloyds Group), Dallas, TX Montemayor, Jose Commissioner (Texas Department of Insurance), Austin, TX Presley, Philip (Texas Department of Insurance), Austin, TX SB 310 FOR: Boone, Gina (Association of Fire and Casualty Companies of Texas), Dallas, TX ON: Montemayor, Jose (Texas Department of Insurance), Austin, TX Presley, Philip (Texas Department of Insurance), Austin, TX Schneider, Rob (Consumers Union), Austin, TX


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{% extends "original_page.html" %} {# This template assumes that the original page.html is renamed original_page.html #} {% block login_widget %} User Docs {{ PROFILE_NAME }} {{ super() }} {% endblock %}


activeCpus
Returns the number of active CPUs.
args
Returns the list of command line argument strings the program was run with.
daemon(dontChroot, dontRedirectOutputStreams)
Become a daemon process. If dontChroot is false, the process will change its directory to /. If dontRedirectOutputStreams is false, stdout and stderr are redirected to /dev/null.
distribution
Returns the Io distribution name as a string.
errorNumber
Returns the C errno string.
exit(optionalReturnCodeNumber)
Shutdown the IoState (io_free all objects) and return
control to the calling program (if any).
getEnvironmentVariable(nameString)
Returns a string with the value of the environment
variable whose name is specified by nameString.
getOptions(args)
This primitive is used to get command line options similar to Cs getopt().
It returns a map in containing the left side of the argument, with the
value of the right side. (The key will not contain
the beginning dashes (--).
Example:
options := System getOptions(args)
options foreach(k, v,
if(v type == List type,
v foreach(i, j, writeln(\"Got unnamed argument with value: \" .. j))
continue
)
writeln(\"Got option: \" .. k .. \" with value: \" .. v)
)
installPrefix
Returns the root path where io was installed. The default is /usr/local.
ioPath
Returns the path of io installation. The default is $INSTALL_PREFIX/lib/io.
iospecVersion
The version of IoSpec our IoVM is compatible with
iovmName
The name of our IoVM as used by IoSpec
launchPath
Returns a pathComponent of the launch file.
launchScript
Returns the path of the io file run on the command line. Returns nil if no file was run.
maxRecycledObjects
Returns the max number of recycled objects used.
platform
Returns a string description of the platform.
platformVersion
Returns the version id of the OS.
recycledObjectCount
Returns the current number of objects being held for recycling.
runCommand
Calls system and redirects stdout/err to tmp files. Returns object with exitStatus, stdout and stderr slots.
setEnvironmentVariable(keyString, valueString)
Sets the environment variable keyString to the value valueString.
setLobby(anObject)
Sets the root object of the garbage collector.
setMaxRecycledObjects(aNumber)
Sets the max number of recycled objects used.
sleep(secondsNumber)
Performs a *blocking* sleep call for specified number of seconds.
symbols
Returns a List containing all Symbols currently in the system.
system(aString)
Makes a system call and returns a Number for the return value.
thisProcessPid()
Return the process id (pid) for this Io process.
userInterruptHandler
Called when control-c is hit. Override to add custom behavior. Returns self.
version
Returns a version number for Io.
|


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The 13th Warrior Zero Stars (out of * * * * )
Directed by John McTiernan. Cast: Antonio Banderas, Omar Sharif, Maria Bonnevie, Vladimir Kulich, Diane Venora. 1999 - 106 minutes Rated R (for violence and extreme gore). Reviewed August 29, 1999.
I first saw the teaser trailer for John McTiernan's "The 13th Warrior" in the Fall of 1997. Of course, back then it was still called "Eaters of the Dead," which is the same title as the novel it's based upon, by Michael Crichton ("Jurassic Park"). Sometime in 1998, however, it generically was retitled, "The 13th Warrior." Does a name really play a part in how good an actual movie is? Well, no, probably not, but my interest in seeing the picture plummeted down at the speed of light at the thought of this new name, and then the movie kept being pushed back and pushed back to the point where I began to wondering if it was ever going to be released. Stories and rumors abound of the studio, Buena Vista, frantically trying to reshoot and recut much of it after disasterous test screenings, much to the reluctance of McTiernan. Now that "The 13th Warrior" has finally been released theatrically over two years after it was filmed, it's difficult to say how McTiernan's cut might have turned out, but I know this much: no matter how much was reshot and edited, there is no possible way this film could be anything other than stupefyingly horrendous. Move over "Inspector Gadget"; I think I've found a new "Worst Film of 1999."
>From what I can gather about the specifics of the film, "The 13th Warrior" has no signs of an actual plot, or even a reason for being made and wasting reportedly over $100-million. Shouldn't it be illegal to spend so much money on a movie that is akin to my cat's stool sample? Antonio Banderas cashes a paycheck as Ahmed Ibn Fahdlan, an Arab aristocrat who is banished from Baghdad after being accused of looking at the King's wife crossways. Taking up with a ragtag team of Norse mercenaries in the 10th-century, Ahmed is called upon to become the 13th warrior and travel to Europe to fight a barbarous tribe of half-man/half-beasts. "I am not a warrior!" Ahmed says, but pretty soon, he will be.
There isn't an act, scene, shot, or frame in "The 13th Warrior" that I could say I liked, which is no small feat to achieve considering that, even in my review for "Inspector Gadget," I mentioned I liked one cast member. Abruptly starting off with nary a line of exposition, the film's structure goes like this: man forced to become 13th warrior, man fights barbarians, man leaves. Who is this man, you ask? I couldn't tell you, aside for saying that he is played by Antonio Banderas with a lot of eye-liner on. Throughout the excruciating 106 minutes this movie takes to reach its victorious end credits (victorious because I knew I could finally leave the theater!), there is not one fact I could tell you about any of the thirteen warriors, aside from saying that they love to fight and casually stab each other with swords, only to think nothing of it. And if we don't grow accustomed to the main characters, or feel like we've even been properly introduced, how do the filmmakers expect any of us to care at all about how things will turn out and who will live and die?
The screenplay was written by two people: William Wisher and Warren Lewis. They must have been comatose when they penned it, because I'll be damned if I can detect anything even resembling a script at work here. The movie's idea of a romantic subplot has Ahmed enchanging literally one line of dialogue with a pretty villager (Maria Bonnevie), only to see them in bed together in the next scene. The movie's idea of excitement is having the whole film revolve around three big battles with the barbarians, with lots of cut-off heads flying about, and no sense of understanding how to set up an action set-piece. And the movie's idea of atmosphere is having the cinematography, by Peter Menzies Jr., be so dimly-lit and washed out that, on a visual stance, you feel like turning your head away every minute. Maybe an overwhelming amount of dirt particles got on the camera lense, and director McTiernan never even realized a little Windex would do the trick. Or, better yet, maybe they spent so much money on the "breathtaking," "extravagant," "one-of-a-kind" action sequences, that they didn't have enough left to invest in some bright lights. That was supposed to be an example of sarcasm, just to let you know.
"The 13th Warrior" ends with them beating the barbarians, and Ahmed getting on a ship to sail off. Since there was no actual entertainment value that stemmed from one second of the film, nor did we ever satisfactorily learn who the barbarians were, why they were fighting, or even one character trait from the "heroic" central figures, I'd love a little insight into the point of making the film in the first place. "The 13th Warrior" is the most depressing cinematic experience to grace (or curse) the silver screen this year.
- Copyright 1999 by Dustin Putman.
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Death toll mounts among anti-government protesters amid Baghdad clashes
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Four anti-government protesters have been killed and 65 others injured amid ongoing clashes with Iraqi security forces near a strategic bridge in Baghdad.
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