Hello there, FIRSTNAME
I am Salvinu Manduca, and I guess you will be reporting to me from now on? Apparently, me being here in the UK is much more synergistic than me staying in France. Far be it from me to question the wisdom of our superiors. Just call me Sal!
Bene told me what you brought to the potluck. That sounds delicious! You simply must give me the recipe some day. In return, I can tell you some of the stuff I've learned from my years in France.
In France they have this thing called Soupe à L’oignon, which I'm sure you'll find amazing! It's basically soupified bread with a thick golden crust that is. to. die. for.
You layer buttered baguette toasts with grated cheese, sautéed onions and tomato purée, and then gently pour in salted water. By the time the soupy substance has been simmered and baked, it has turned into a kind of sweet bread pudding with a thick crust. I'll tell you more some other time.
Anyway, I understand you're currently looking into a subversive author? Ah, those cases are classic. My first case involved an author who turned out to be distributing propaganda for a terrorist organisation. They operated out of a bakery, which made these perfect chocolate éclairs with proper chocolate cream, not vanilla custard like you see way too often in England.
Never forget that the pen is mightier than the sword! There is room for much evil behind the unassuming eyes of the author.
I haven't had time to get up to date with the case yet, but I'm sure Miss Shào has some more detailed information for you. I'll take the reins properly tomorrow!
Salvinu Manduca
Senior Consultant


I am an easy going guy that likes to continually spin his head around new concepts and ideas constantly. I am easy to approach and kind at least I would hope to be. Anything visual and drawn are my forte; however, my ability to think up crazy things are not to be underestimated. There are not many things I don't like. I enjoy anything from sports to anime to just the usual people stuff. Hope to be in your care.
Photoshop
Illustrator
Maya 3D
Working on Real Engine 4
C#
Basic HTML
Basic CSS
Pen
charcoal
Most Paints
Best with Pencil, Eraser and Sketchbook
I am most proeffecient with taking any work I have done by hand and "digitalizing" it.
Programming is definitely my weakest suit, but with some help I am capable of doing it.
I like to use photoshop and illustrator the most, but I am working on learning how to use
game engines as well.
I work hard and with a bit of coaching, I can wear almost any hat
you need me to wear.


106
105
104
103
102
101
100
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
40000
20000
10000
5000
2300
.001
.01
.1
1
10
100
1000
Sun
M
a
i
n
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
Luminosity X.X (L)
Radius X.X (R)
Temperature X.X (K)
Background info and whatnot and so forth
Exercises, questions, problems, whatever


Toyota
Prius
11.3.b xforms-submit-serialize event with submission-body property
After you activate the Submit Now submit control you must see an xforms-submit-serialize
message. The page must also be replaced by the form data, where you must see the value
<data>MyNewData</data>. You must not see the values "Toyota" or "Prius".
xforms-submit-serialize
<data>MyNewData</data>
Submit Now


{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load static %}
{% block title %}
CraftTechSolution - Best website designing company in kenya
{% endblock %}
{% block navbar %}
{% include "navbar.html" %}
{% endblock %}
{% block slideshow %}
{% include "slideshow.html" %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
We develop Mobile Apps for all platforms.Our apps cuts accross all sectors of economy. Need an app developed to solve a problem for your organisation?


Choose your answers base on your life experience and after completing the quiz you gonna be match with the most compatible celebrity for you.


Weird but true: I really, really love writing docs. It’s always one of the most satisfying parts of any project for me.


I do stuff
That's me
Bla Bla Bla
I really enjoy designing things!
Interactive objects are awesome
Fullstack all the way!


August 16
These things I command you, that ye love one another. John 15:17
In Luke 6:47-48, Jesus said:
"Whosoever cometh to me, and hears my sayings, and doeth them, I will show you to whom he is like: He is like a man which built an house, and dug deep, and laid the foundation on a rock: and when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently upon that house, and could not shake it: for it was founded upon a rock." That's probably a familiar scripture to you. But today I want you to do something new with it. I want you to put it together with what Jesus said in John 15:17:
These things I command you, that ye love one another. Love. That one word sums up all Jesus said for us to do. If you'll build your life on it, even the most violent storms of this world will be unable to shake you. It will make you solid in every area of your life. If you'll build your family on love, you can win back those the devil has stolen from you. You can win them to Jesus with the love of God.
If you'll build your business on love, you'll prosper beyond your wildest dreams. I had a friend who did that. He went into a television and radio business in his church. He wanted to buy a station from a Jewish man and he offered such a
good price for it that the owner was stunned. "Why would you offer me such a wonderful price?" asked the Jewish owner. "Because the Word of God says that if I will bless you, God will bless me. So I'm going to see to it that you get the better part of this deal," answered my friend.
Before it was all over, that Jewish station owner had made Jesus Lord of His life. He and my friend ended up prospering and preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ together on the radio. When love rules, prosperity can flow! Commit to living the life of love today. Commit to building your house upon the rock. Then when the storms of life begin to blow--at home, at work, or in any situation--you can enjoy the solid security of knowing that love never fails.
Scripture Reading: 1 Corinthians 13:8-13


| | |
- kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule(builtins.object)
-
- CompanionsKQMLModule
-
- ControlledCompanionsKQMLModule
class CompanionsKQMLModule(kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule) |
| |
KQMLModule override to allow for continuous back and forth communication
from the running companions agent (facilitator) and this agent.
Attributes:
debug (bool): helps set the debug level for the loggers accross modules
dispatcher (KQMLDispatcher): Dispatcher to be used (from KQMLModule),
calls on appropriate functions based on incoming messages,
need to keep track of it for proper shutdown
host (str): The host of Companions (localhost or an ip address)
listen_socket (socket): Socket object the listener will control,
receives incoming messages from Companions
listener (Thread): Thread running the socket listening loop, calls the
dispatcher as well.
listener_port (int): port number you want to host the listener on
local_out (BufferedWriter): Connection to the listener socker server
output, used to send messages on the listener port for Companions
to pick up on.
name (str): Name of this agent (module), used in registration so this
should be set to a new name for each new agent. Currently all
instances of this class will have the same name as they are the
same type of agent.
num_subs (int): The number of subscriptions that the agent has (only
used later in Pythonian)
out (BufferedWriter): Connection to the Companions KQML socket server,
created from send_socket, used by send
port (int): port number that Companions is hosted on
ready (bool): Boolean that controls the threads looping, overwrites the
ready function from KQMLModule
reply_id_counter (int): From KQMLModule, used in send_with_continuation
adds reply-with and the appropriate reply id
send_socket (socket): Socket that will connect to Companions for
sending messages. Need to keep track of it to properly close itself
initializes to None and only has a socket after calling connect
starttime (datetime): the time at which this agent started, used for
updating running status in Companions
state (str): the state this agent is in, used for updating running
status in Companions |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- CompanionsKQMLModule
- kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule
- builtins.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, host:str='localhost', port:int=9000, listener_port:int=8950, debug:bool=False)
- Override of KQMLModule init to add turn it into a KQML socket server
Args:
host (str, optional): the host location to connect to via sockets
port (int, optional): the port on the host to connect to
listener_port (int, optional): the port this class will host its
KQML socket server from (the connection end that dispatches
requests as needed)
debug (bool, optional): Whether to set the level of the logger to
DEBUG or INFO - silencing debug errors and only showing needed
information.
- connect(self)
- Rewrite of KQMLModule connect, only handles send_socket and output
connections
- connect1(self)
- exit(self, n:int=0)
- Override of KQMLModule; Closes this agent, shuts down the threaded
execution loop (by turning off the ready flag), shuts the dispatcher
down (if running), and then joins any running threads...
Args:
n (int, optional): the value to pass along to sys.exit
- listen(self)
- Socket server, listens for new KQML messages and dispatches them
accordingly.
Doesn't necessarily need threading; Could just start dispatcher and
after it returns accept next connection. This couldn't handle loads of
inputs while being bogged down processing. To avoid this issue we
thread the dispatching so the functions that get called are run in a
separate Thread. We're using ThreadPoolExecutor because sockets use io,
io is blocking and threads allow you to not block.
- receive_eof(self)
- Override of KQMLModule, shuts down the dispatcher after receiving
the end of file (eof) signal. This happens after every message...
- receive_other_performative(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Override of KQMLModule default... ping isn't currently supported by
pykqml so we handle other to catch ping and otherwise throw an error.
Arguments:
msg (KQMLPerformative): other type of performative, if ping we
reply with a ping update otherwise error
- register(self)
- Override of KQMLModule, registers this agent with Companions
- reply_on_local_port(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, reply_msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Replies to a message on the local port (listener port)
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message to reply to
reply_msg (KQMLPerformative): message to reply with
- response_to_query(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, content:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, results:Any, response_type:str)
- Based on the response type, will create a properly formed reply
with the results either input as patterns or bound to the arguments
from the results. The reply is a tell which is then sent to Companions.
Goes through the arguments and the results together to either bind a
argument to the result or simple return the result in the place of that
argument. The reply content is filled with these argument/result lists
(they are listified before appending) before being added to the tell
message and subsequently sent off to Companions.
Arguments:
msg (KQMLPerformative): the message being passed along to reply
content (KQMLPerformative): query, starts with a predicate and the
remainder is the arguments
results (Any): The results of performing the query
response_type (str): the given response type, if it is not given or
is given to be pattern, the variable will be set to True,
otherwise False
- send(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Override of send from KQMLModule, opens and closes socket around
send for proper signaling to Companions
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message that you are sending to Companions
- send_on_local_port(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Sends a message on the local_out, i.e. sends a message on the
listener_port. This is used for some specific functions that are not
meant to be handled as a kqml performative.
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message to be sent
- start(self)
- uptime(self) -> str
- Cyc-style time since start. Using the python-dateutil library to do
simple relative delta calculations for the uptime.
Returns:
str: string of the form
'(years months days hours minutes seconds)'
where years, months, days, etc are the uptime in number of
years, months, days, etc.
Class methods defined here:
- init_check_companions(host:str=None, port:int=None, listener_port:int=None, debug:bool=None, verify_port:bool=False) from builtins.type
- Helper method for constructing an agent, with a special helper
function if you are running companions on the same machine as this
agent (judged by connecting to localhost), without overwriting the
default values in init. When the companion is running on the same
system as the python agent we check to see if an expected process is
running, and if so we look for the listed port number that the process
publishes on startup. The check for companions will prioritize
executables before looking for something running from source
(CompanionsMicroServer64 before CompanionsServer64, allegro for local
development with a qrg directory installed at the root of some drive on
the system or in the home directory) and will return the first port
found (if multiple companions are running). If nothing is found, the
default value is relied on. If nothing is running but an old port
number is found, you won't connect either way as a companion isn't
running - it just might attempt a non-default port. As such, this can
be essentially used in place on regular init.
Args:
host (str, optional): the host value to pass to init, falls back to
init defaults.
port (int, optional): the port value to pass to init, falls back to
init defaults.
listener_port (int, optional): the listener_port value to pass to
init, falls back to init defaults.
debug (bool, optional): the debug value to pass to init, falls back
to init defaults.
verify_port (bool, optional): whether or not to verify the port
number by checking the pid in the portnum.dat file (created by
either running companions locally or in an exe) against the pid
found on the running process where the portnum.dat file was
found
Returns:
cls: instantiated cls object
- parse_command_line_args(argv:list=None) from builtins.type
- Uses ArgumentParser to parse the args that this is called with.
Additional benefit of searching your system for a running Companion if
no port is specified and host is local (defaults to local). If no
running companion is found use the default values from init. The
additional argument -v for verify_pids will assert that the pid's match
between what is found on the system and what is put in the file.
Returns:
cls: instantiated cls object
Args:
argv (list, optional): argument list (typically from sys.argv)
Static methods defined here:
- send_generic(msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, out:_io.BufferedWriter)
- Basic send mechanism copied (more or less) from pykqml. Writes the
msg as a string to the output buffer then flushes it.
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): Message to be sent
out (BufferedWriter): The output to write to, needed for sending to
Companions and sending on our own port.
Data and other attributes defined here:
- name = 'CompanionsKQMLModule'
Methods inherited from kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule:
- error_reply(self, msg, comment)
- handle_exception(self, ex)
- ready(self)
- receive_achieve(self, msg, content)
- receive_advertise(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_if(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_broadcast(self, msg, content)
- receive_broker_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_broker_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_delete_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_delete_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_deny(self, msg, content)
- receive_discard(self, msg)
- receive_eos(self, msg)
- receive_error(self, msg)
- receive_forward(self, msg, content)
- receive_insert(self, msg, content)
- receive_message_missing_content(self, msg)
- receive_message_missing_verb(self, msg)
- receive_next(self, msg)
- receive_ready(self, msg)
- receive_recommend_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_recommend_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_recruit_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_recruit_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_register(self, msg, content)
- receive_reply(self, msg, content)
- receive_request(self, msg, content)
- receive_rest(self, msg)
- receive_sorry(self, msg)
- receive_standby(self, msg, content)
- receive_stream_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_subscribe(self, msg, content)
- receive_tell(self, msg, content)
- receive_transport_address(self, msg, content)
- receive_unadvertise(self, msg, content)
- receive_undelete(self, msg, content)
- receive_uninsert(self, msg, content)
- receive_unregister(self, msg)
- receive_untell(self, msg, content)
- reply(self, msg, reply_msg)
- send_with_continuation(self, msg, cont)
- stop_waiting(self)
- subscribe_request(self, req_type)
- subscribe_tell(self, tell_type)
Data descriptors inherited from kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
class ControlledCompanionsKQMLModule(CompanionsKQMLModule) |
| |
Version of the CompanionsKQMLModule that will launch and shut down its
own Companions exe for connecting and querying.
Attributes:
companions_process (Popen): the running Companions exe |
| |
- Method resolution order:
- ControlledCompanionsKQMLModule
- CompanionsKQMLModule
- kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule
- builtins.object
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, exe_path:str, exe_name:str='CompanionsMicroServer64.exe', verify_port:bool=True, **kwargs)
- Launches a companions exe and uses that for connecting to Companions
Args:
exe_path (str): path to the companions executable
exe_name (str): name of the executable
verify_port (bool, optional): Whether or not to verify that the
port associated with your Companion is the one just opened on
the exe
**kwargs: the remaining kwargs to be passes to CompanionsKQMLModule
- exit(self, n:int=0)
- Override of CompanionsKQMLModule, allows for a Companions process
to be exited on exit of the rest of the system.
Args:
n (int, optional): the value to pass along to sys.exit
Class methods defined here:
- parse_command_line_args(argv:list=None) from builtins.type
- Uses ArgumentParser to parse the args that this is called with.
Additional benefit of searching your system for a running Companion if
no port is specified and host is local (defaults to local). If no
running companion is found use the default values from init. The
additional argument -v for verify_pids will assert that the pid's match
between what is found on the system and what is put in the file.
Returns:
cls: instantiated cls object
Args:
argv (list, optional): argument list (typically from sys.argv)
Methods inherited from CompanionsKQMLModule:
- connect(self)
- Rewrite of KQMLModule connect, only handles send_socket and output
connections
- connect1(self)
- listen(self)
- Socket server, listens for new KQML messages and dispatches them
accordingly.
Doesn't necessarily need threading; Could just start dispatcher and
after it returns accept next connection. This couldn't handle loads of
inputs while being bogged down processing. To avoid this issue we
thread the dispatching so the functions that get called are run in a
separate Thread. We're using ThreadPoolExecutor because sockets use io,
io is blocking and threads allow you to not block.
- receive_eof(self)
- Override of KQMLModule, shuts down the dispatcher after receiving
the end of file (eof) signal. This happens after every message...
- receive_other_performative(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Override of KQMLModule default... ping isn't currently supported by
pykqml so we handle other to catch ping and otherwise throw an error.
Arguments:
msg (KQMLPerformative): other type of performative, if ping we
reply with a ping update otherwise error
- register(self)
- Override of KQMLModule, registers this agent with Companions
- reply_on_local_port(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, reply_msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Replies to a message on the local port (listener port)
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message to reply to
reply_msg (KQMLPerformative): message to reply with
- response_to_query(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, content:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, results:Any, response_type:str)
- Based on the response type, will create a properly formed reply
with the results either input as patterns or bound to the arguments
from the results. The reply is a tell which is then sent to Companions.
Goes through the arguments and the results together to either bind a
argument to the result or simple return the result in the place of that
argument. The reply content is filled with these argument/result lists
(they are listified before appending) before being added to the tell
message and subsequently sent off to Companions.
Arguments:
msg (KQMLPerformative): the message being passed along to reply
content (KQMLPerformative): query, starts with a predicate and the
remainder is the arguments
results (Any): The results of performing the query
response_type (str): the given response type, if it is not given or
is given to be pattern, the variable will be set to True,
otherwise False
- send(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Override of send from KQMLModule, opens and closes socket around
send for proper signaling to Companions
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message that you are sending to Companions
- send_on_local_port(self, msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative)
- Sends a message on the local_out, i.e. sends a message on the
listener_port. This is used for some specific functions that are not
meant to be handled as a kqml performative.
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): message to be sent
- start(self)
- uptime(self) -> str
- Cyc-style time since start. Using the python-dateutil library to do
simple relative delta calculations for the uptime.
Returns:
str: string of the form
'(years months days hours minutes seconds)'
where years, months, days, etc are the uptime in number of
years, months, days, etc.
Class methods inherited from CompanionsKQMLModule:
- init_check_companions(host:str=None, port:int=None, listener_port:int=None, debug:bool=None, verify_port:bool=False) from builtins.type
- Helper method for constructing an agent, with a special helper
function if you are running companions on the same machine as this
agent (judged by connecting to localhost), without overwriting the
default values in init. When the companion is running on the same
system as the python agent we check to see if an expected process is
running, and if so we look for the listed port number that the process
publishes on startup. The check for companions will prioritize
executables before looking for something running from source
(CompanionsMicroServer64 before CompanionsServer64, allegro for local
development with a qrg directory installed at the root of some drive on
the system or in the home directory) and will return the first port
found (if multiple companions are running). If nothing is found, the
default value is relied on. If nothing is running but an old port
number is found, you won't connect either way as a companion isn't
running - it just might attempt a non-default port. As such, this can
be essentially used in place on regular init.
Args:
host (str, optional): the host value to pass to init, falls back to
init defaults.
port (int, optional): the port value to pass to init, falls back to
init defaults.
listener_port (int, optional): the listener_port value to pass to
init, falls back to init defaults.
debug (bool, optional): the debug value to pass to init, falls back
to init defaults.
verify_port (bool, optional): whether or not to verify the port
number by checking the pid in the portnum.dat file (created by
either running companions locally or in an exe) against the pid
found on the running process where the portnum.dat file was
found
Returns:
cls: instantiated cls object
Static methods inherited from CompanionsKQMLModule:
- send_generic(msg:kqml.kqml_performative.KQMLPerformative, out:_io.BufferedWriter)
- Basic send mechanism copied (more or less) from pykqml. Writes the
msg as a string to the output buffer then flushes it.
Args:
msg (KQMLPerformative): Message to be sent
out (BufferedWriter): The output to write to, needed for sending to
Companions and sending on our own port.
Data and other attributes inherited from CompanionsKQMLModule:
- name = 'CompanionsKQMLModule'
Methods inherited from kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule:
- error_reply(self, msg, comment)
- handle_exception(self, ex)
- ready(self)
- receive_achieve(self, msg, content)
- receive_advertise(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_if(self, msg, content)
- receive_ask_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_broadcast(self, msg, content)
- receive_broker_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_broker_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_delete_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_delete_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_deny(self, msg, content)
- receive_discard(self, msg)
- receive_eos(self, msg)
- receive_error(self, msg)
- receive_forward(self, msg, content)
- receive_insert(self, msg, content)
- receive_message_missing_content(self, msg)
- receive_message_missing_verb(self, msg)
- receive_next(self, msg)
- receive_ready(self, msg)
- receive_recommend_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_recommend_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_recruit_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_recruit_one(self, msg, content)
- receive_register(self, msg, content)
- receive_reply(self, msg, content)
- receive_request(self, msg, content)
- receive_rest(self, msg)
- receive_sorry(self, msg)
- receive_standby(self, msg, content)
- receive_stream_all(self, msg, content)
- receive_subscribe(self, msg, content)
- receive_tell(self, msg, content)
- receive_transport_address(self, msg, content)
- receive_unadvertise(self, msg, content)
- receive_undelete(self, msg, content)
- receive_uninsert(self, msg, content)
- receive_unregister(self, msg)
- receive_untell(self, msg, content)
- reply(self, msg, reply_msg)
- send_with_continuation(self, msg, cont)
- stop_waiting(self)
- subscribe_request(self, req_type)
- subscribe_tell(self, tell_type)
Data descriptors inherited from kqml.kqml_module.KQMLModule:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
| |


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I'm a French Developer and I've been programming for over 5 years. On this page you'll find all the services that I offer as a freelancer. Ranging from Website Development to Logo Design, I hope that you'll be able to find what you need. I have experience with a frameworks such as JQuery, Express js, or React Native. Additionally, I can work with languages such as html and css, allowing me to make complete websites without the use of slow and generic templates.
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SUBROUTINE SLARRK( N, IW, GL, GU, $ D, E2, PIVMIN, RELTOL, W, WERR, INFO) IMPLICIT NONE * * -- LAPACK auxiliary routine (version 3.1) -- * Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd.. * November 2006 * * .. Scalar Arguments .. INTEGER INFO, IW, N REAL PIVMIN, RELTOL, GL, GU, W, WERR * .. * .. Array Arguments .. REAL D( * ), E2( * ) * .. * * Purpose * ======= * * SLARRK computes one eigenvalue of a symmetric tridiagonal * matrix T to suitable accuracy. This is an auxiliary code to be * called from SSTEMR. * * To avoid overflow, the matrix must be scaled so that its * largest element is no greater than overflow**(1/2) * * underflow**(1/4) in absolute value, and for greatest * accuracy, it should not be much smaller than that. * * See W. Kahan "Accurate Eigenvalues of a Symmetric Tridiagonal * Matrix", Report CS41, Computer Science Dept., Stanford * University, July 21, 1966. * * Arguments * ========= * * N (input) INTEGER * The order of the tridiagonal matrix T. N >= 0. * * IW (input) INTEGER * The index of the eigenvalues to be returned. * * GL (input) REAL * GU (input) REAL * An upper and a lower bound on the eigenvalue. * * D (input) REAL array, dimension (N) * The n diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. * * E2 (input) REAL array, dimension (N-1) * The (n-1) squared off-diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix T. * * PIVMIN (input) REAL * The minimum pivot allowed in the Sturm sequence for T. * * RELTOL (input) REAL * The minimum relative width of an interval. When an interval * is narrower than RELTOL times the larger (in * magnitude) endpoint, then it is considered to be * sufficiently small, i.e., converged. Note: this should * always be at least radix*machine epsilon. * * W (output) REAL * * WERR (output) REAL * The error bound on the corresponding eigenvalue approximation * in W. * * INFO (output) INTEGER * = 0: Eigenvalue converged * = -1: Eigenvalue did NOT converge * * Internal Parameters * =================== * * FUDGE REAL , default = 2 * A "fudge factor" to widen the Gershgorin intervals. * * ===================================================================== * * .. Parameters .. REAL FUDGE, HALF, TWO, ZERO PARAMETER ( HALF = 0.5E0, TWO = 2.0E0, $ FUDGE = TWO, ZERO = 0.0E0 ) * .. * .. Local Scalars .. INTEGER I, IT, ITMAX, NEGCNT REAL ATOLI, EPS, LEFT, MID, RIGHT, RTOLI, TMP1, $ TMP2, TNORM * .. * .. External Functions .. REAL SLAMCH EXTERNAL SLAMCH * .. * .. Intrinsic Functions .. INTRINSIC ABS, INT, LOG, MAX * .. * .. Executable Statements .. * * Get machine constants EPS = SLAMCH( 'P' ) TNORM = MAX( ABS( GL ), ABS( GU ) ) RTOLI = RELTOL ATOLI = FUDGE*TWO*PIVMIN ITMAX = INT( ( LOG( TNORM+PIVMIN )-LOG( PIVMIN ) ) / $ LOG( TWO ) ) + 2 INFO = -1 LEFT = GL - FUDGE*TNORM*EPS*N - FUDGE*TWO*PIVMIN RIGHT = GU + FUDGE*TNORM*EPS*N + FUDGE*TWO*PIVMIN IT = 0 10 CONTINUE * * Check if interval converged or maximum number of iterations reached * TMP1 = ABS( RIGHT - LEFT ) TMP2 = MAX( ABS(RIGHT), ABS(LEFT) ) IF( TMP1.LT.MAX( ATOLI, PIVMIN, RTOLI*TMP2 ) ) THEN INFO = 0 GOTO 30 ENDIF IF(IT.GT.ITMAX) $ GOTO 30 * * Count number of negative pivots for mid-point * IT = IT + 1 MID = HALF * (LEFT + RIGHT) NEGCNT = 0 TMP1 = D( 1 ) - MID IF( ABS( TMP1 ).LT.PIVMIN ) $ TMP1 = -PIVMIN IF( TMP1.LE.ZERO ) $ NEGCNT = NEGCNT + 1 * DO 20 I = 2, N TMP1 = D( I ) - E2( I-1 ) / TMP1 - MID IF( ABS( TMP1 ).LT.PIVMIN ) $ TMP1 = -PIVMIN IF( TMP1.LE.ZERO ) $ NEGCNT = NEGCNT + 1 20 CONTINUE IF(NEGCNT.GE.IW) THEN RIGHT = MID ELSE LEFT = MID ENDIF GOTO 10 30 CONTINUE * * Converged or maximum number of iterations reached * W = HALF * (LEFT + RIGHT) WERR = HALF * ABS( RIGHT - LEFT ) RETURN * * End of SLARRK * END


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Networks in History
The Origins of Network Theory
Koenigsberg (Kaliningrad) and Drinking Games
Relationships, Not Locations
Mathematically Abstracted
Types of Graphs
Directed vrs. Undirected Edges
Weighted vrs. Unweighted Edges
Quantifying Relationships
Visually Displaying Information: Placement, Color, and Size
Keep it Simple - The Dangers of Many Network Graphs
An Example
An Example: Sexual Politics of a Public High School
Link to Study
Theory
Social Network Analysis (SNA) Milestones
1973, Mark Granovetter,
The Strength of Weak Ties
1988, Hanneman,
Computer Assisted Theory Building: Modeling Dynamic Social Systems
1993, Linton Freeman releases
UCINET
1996, Watz & Strogatz,
Collective Dynamics of Small World Networks
2015, Stefan Sinclair releases
Gephi
Major Metrics<
Degree
Closeness Centrality
Betweeness Centrality
Clustering
Fragmentation
Power
Historical Applications of Network Analysis
The Topography of the Volga River Valley
Link to Study
The
Topology
of the Volga River Valley
The
Monte
, A Hill of Broken Pottery
Digging through the Centuries
Link to Study
Unraveling Networks of Exchange
The Major Source: Baetica (Southern Spain)
The Topography of the Towns Mentioned in the Monte
The
Topology
of the Towns Mentioned in the Monte
Literary Approaches - Mapping the Networks Discourse Analysis
Using Network Analysis - What is a Network Really?
The Growth of Network Analysis
Some Online Applications
[Early American Foreign Service Database](http://www.eafsd.org/)
[Orbis Geospation Network Model of the Roman World](http://orbis.stanford.edu/) Centrality
Links
Academic Readings
Robert Hanneman and Mark Riddle -
Introduction to Social Network Methods
Tom Brughmans -
Thinking Through Networks: A Review of Formal Network Methods in Archaeology
Eduard A. Arriaga, Fernando Sancho Caparrini, and Juan Luis Suárez -
Modeling Afro-Latin American Artistic Representations in Topic Maps: Cuba’s Prominence in Latin American Discourse
Some Tools
Overall
The Historian's Macroscope -
Network Analysis
The Historian's Macroscope -
Network Analysis Fundamentals
Gephi
Luca Hammer -
Analyzing Twitter Networks with Gephi 0.9.1
Shawn Graham -
Getting Historical Network Data into Gephi
Shawn Graham -
Converting 2 Mode Networks with Multimodal Plugin for Gephi
David M. Berry, Erik Borra, Anne Helmond, Jean-Christophe Plantin, and Jill Walker Rettberg -
The Data Sprint Approach: Exploring the field of Digital Humanities through Amazon’s Application Programming Interface
Palladio
Miriam Posner -
Getting Started with Palladio
Marten During (via
The Programming Historian
) -
From Hermeneutics to Data to Networks: Data Extraction and Network Visualization of Historical Sources
Cytoscape
Miriam Posner -
Visualize a Network of Film Casts and Crews
Miriam Posner -
Customize Your Network Visualization
Miriam Posner -
New Tutorials on Network Analysis with Cytoscape


Before Change
ex1.raise_()
ex2 = FeatureDlg()
ex2.createFeatureTable({"Color": [FeatureEntry("Banananananaana")], "Edge": [FeatureEntry("Mango"), FeatureEntry("Cherry")]}, [0.3, 0.7, 1, 1.6, 3.5, 5.0, 10.0])
ex2.setWindowTitle("ex2")
ex2.setImageToPreView((numpy.random.rand(100,100)*256).astype(numpy.uint8))
ex2.show()
ex2.raise_()
After Change
//app.setStyle("cleanlooks")
ex = FeatureDlg()
ex.createFeatureTable([("Color", [FeatureEntry("Banananananaana")]), ("Edge", [FeatureEntry("Mango"), FeatureEntry("Cherry")])], [0.3, 0.7, 1, 1.6, 3.5, 5.0, 10.0])
ex.setWindowTitle("FeatureTest")
ex.setImageToPreView(None)
ex.exec_()


BoosterpaQ is the leader in the domestic pressure boosting systems. Systems with extensive customization are available as well as a standardized "quick-ship" series of systems that are available for immediate delivery from the factory.
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Tap the logos or press the N(ew) and O(ld) keys to create real-time events
You can also tap the rocket to start an endless stream of events; tap again to turn it off
To see the results in real-time, go here


Provides a-priori, post-hoc, and compromise power-analyses for structural equation models (SEM). Moshagen & Erdfelder (2016) <doi:10.1080/10705511.2014.950896>.
| Version: | 1.0.0 |
| Imports: | stats, grDevices, graphics |
| Suggests: | knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-03-27 |
| Author: | Morten Moshagen |
| Maintainer: | Morten Moshagen <morten.moshagen at uni-ulm.de> |
| License: | LGPL-2 | LGPL-2.1 | LGPL-3 [expanded from: LGPL] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | semPower results |
| Reference manual: | semPower.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Vignette Title |
| Package source: | semPower_1.0.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: semPower_1.0.0.zip, r-release: semPower_1.0.0.zip, r-oldrel: semPower_1.0.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: semPower_1.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel: semPower_1.0.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semPower to link to this page.


--- layout: page title: Archive permalink: /archive/ tags: archive --- {% for post in site.posts %} {% capture currentyear %}{{post.date | date: "%Y"}}{% endcapture %} {% if currentyear != year %}
{{ post.title }}


(a) BCA geometry. Noncovalent (DORI( r) = f) domains of a single BCA molecule in (b) an ambient and (c) a high-pressure crystal environment. van der Waals interactions are colored in blue, CH···O in red, and covalent bonds in yellow. f = 0.994 and 0.999 for ambient and high pressure, respectively.


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Hrithik Roshan to hike his fee post the success of Super 30 and War
by FilmfareHrithik Roshan has had a great year at the box-office with two back to back hits this year. His first release, Super 30, was based on the life of renowned mathematician Anand Kumar from Patna and joined the 100 crore club. War, on the other hand, in which he was seen as an intelligence officer, went on to make 300 crores at the box-office. The film also starred the dashing Tiger Shroff and had some high intense action scenes that impressed fans.
Reports suggested that with back to back hits, the star is now in demand. Apparently, top directors like Aanand L Rai, Aditya Chopra, Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Karan Johar and a few others have reached out to Hrithik for their projects. With all the hype, it is rumoured that the actor has hiked his fee substantially. Any new project that he will sign, including any sequels to his movies from the past will be signed with a hiked fee.
Well, considering the year he’s had at the box-office, we believe this is well and truly deserved.


A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. A "complete" computer including the hardware, the operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment required and used for "full" operation can be referred to as a computer system. This term may as well be used for a group of computers that are connected and work together, in particular a computer network or computer cluster.
Computers are used as control systems for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer-aided design, and also general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects hundreds of millions of other computers and their users.
Early computers were only conceived as calculating devices. Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II.


See the following pages
Home
accommodations
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travel arrangements
pictures, etc.
contact information
What to do in a hot summer day in Ittoqqortoormiit?
Skiing
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And much more!


Next:
Terminology
Up:
Variance Spectra
Previous:
Variance Spectra
Background regarding spectral variance
Subsections
Terminology
Transformations among spectra; “proper” spectra
Methods used to estimate spectral variance


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By Tejiri Mayone April 13, 2023
Introduction
The Array object, as with arrays in other programming languages, enables storing a collection of multiple items under a single variable name, and has members for performing common array operations. |coped from developer.mozilla.org|
First lets create an array to be used as an example.
// Sample array of numbers
const numbers = [4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 7, 6];
Next, we will be using javascript built-in function to sort out array in ascending order
// Sort the array in ascending order
const sortedNumbers = numbers.sort((a, b) => a - b);
Then, we initialize a prev variable to keep track of the previously seen number and a sumOfDuplicates variable to keep track of the sum of duplicate numbers.
let prev = null;
let sumOfDuplicates = 0;
We then loop through the sorted array and check if the current number is equal to the previous number. If it is, we add the current number to the sumOfDuplicates. Otherwise, we update the prev variable to the current number.
Finally, we log the sumOfDuplicates to the console.
for (let i = 0; i < sortedNumbers.length; i++) {
if (sortedNumbers[i] === prev) {
sumOfDuplicates += sortedNumbers[i];
}
prev = sortedNumbers[i];
}
console.log(sumofDuplicates)
Below, is a complete code in this expample.
// Sample array of numbers
const numbers = [4, 2, 6, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 5, 7, 6];
// Sort the array in ascending order
const sortedNumbers = numbers.sort((a, b) => a - b);
//bonus to remove duplicates number, we will write it like so.
const uniqueNumber = [...new Set(numbers)]
let prev = null;
let sumOfDuplicates = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < sortedNumbers.length; i++) {
if (sortedNumbers[i] === prev) {
sumOfDuplicates += sortedNumbers[i];
}
prev = sortedNumbers[i];
}
console.log(sumOfDuplicates) // Output: 17
As a bonus to this code example I showed you how to remove duplicates from a number array.
const uniqueNumber = [...new Set(numbers)]
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any questions.


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DSLX Tutorial: Intro to procs
Up to this point, our tutorials have described stateless, non-communicating, combinational modules. To add state or communication with other actors, we need to venture into the exciting land of procs!
Procs, short for "communicating sequential processes", are the means by which DSLX models sequential and stateful modules. A proc contains:
- A
config
function that initializes constant proc state and spawns any other dependent/child procs needed for execution. - A recurrent (i.e., infinitely looping)
next
function that contains the actual logic to be executed by the proc.
A critical component of procs is communication: every proc needs a means to
share data with other procs, or else it'd just be spinning dead code. These
means are channels: entities into which data can be sent and from which data
can be received. Each channel has a send and a receive endpoint: data inserted
into a channel by a send
op can be pulled out by a recv
op.
Example proc
Many concepts here are more easily explained via example, so here's a possible
DSLX implementation of
FMAC (fused multiply-accumulate),
which computes C = A * B + C
:
import float32
type F32 = float32::F32;
proc Fmac {
input_a_consumer: chan<F32> in;
input_b_consumer: chan<F32> in;
output_producer: chan<F32> out;
config(input_a_consumer: chan<F32> in, input_b_consumer: chan<F32> in,
output_producer: chan<F32> out) {
(input_a_consumer, input_b_consumer, output_producer)
}
next(tok: token, state: F32) {
let (tok_a, input_a) = recv(tok, input_a_consumer);
let (tok_b, input_b) = recv(tok, input_b_consumer);
let result = float32::fma(input_a, input_b, state);
let tok = join(tok_a, tok_b);
let tok = send(tok, output_producer, result);
(result,)
}
}
(In practice, a FMAC unit would want a reset signal, but we've leaving that out for simplicity.)
There's a lot to unpack here, so we'll walk through the example.
The first part of interest is the declaration of the proc member values: the
three channels. Procs can have "member" state, similar to class data members in
software. In DSLX, proc members are constant values, and are set by the output
of the config
function. Member values can be referred to inside the next
function in the same way as locally-declared data.
Next up is the config
function itself. When a proc is "spawned", its given two
sets of values: one set for the config
function and one set to initialize
next
(following this example, we'll show how procs are spawned). Inside a
config
function, any constant values can be computed, any necessary procs can
be spawned, and finally member values are set by the return value. Member values
are assigned in declaration order: the first element of the return tuple
corresponds to the first-declared member, and so on.
After that, we encounter next
. This function serves as the real "body" of the
Proc. The next
function maintains and evolves the proc's recurrent state and
is responsible for communicating with the outside world, as well. In our
example, the first two lines are that communication, receiving the input values
for the computation. The token elements are used to sequence events: since the
receives can happen in parallel, they can share the same token, but since
sending the output must happen after that, their result tokens are "joined"
(think joining two threads of execution in software), and the result is used to
sequence the send. Between the communication routines is the actual computation.
At the end of the proc, we terminate with the result
value. This final value
becomes the input state for the next iteration. This is how recurrent state is
managed by procs: a state value is provided to the next
function, and the
result of that function is used as the next iteration's state input. Procs can
have several state elements: in that case, there will be several input state
args, e.g., next(tok: token, state_a: F32, state_b: F32)
, and the output will
be a tuple of values, corresponding in order to the input state values.
Regardless of that, a next
function will always take a token as the first
parameter.
Spawning procs
In any real design, procs will form a network1, where one proc
will spawn any number of child procs, which themselves might spawn other procs.
(The "root" proc will be instantiated by some outside component in the outside
RTL environment.) Procs may only be spawned in config
functions, as they're
part of statically configuring the hardware network to construct.
As an example, spawning a couple of our procs above would look as follows:
proc Spawner {
fmac_1_a_producer = chan<F32> out;
fmac_1_b_producer = chan<F32> out;
fmac_1_output_consumer = chan<F32> in;
fmac_2_a_producer = chan<F32> out;
fmac_2_b_producer = chan<F32> out;
fmac_2_output_consumer = chan<F32> in;
config() {
let (fmac_1_a_p, fmac_1_a_c) = chan<F32>;
let (fmac_1_b_p, fmac_1_b_c) = chan<F32>;
let (fmac_1_output_p, fmac_1_output_c) = chan<F32>;
spawn fmac(fmac_1_a_c, fmac_1_b_c, fmac_1_output_p)(float32::zero(false));
let (fmac_2_a_p, fmac_2_a_c) = chan<F32>;
let (fmac_2_b_p, fmac_2_b_c) = chan<F32>;
let (fmac_2_output_p, fmac_2_output_c) = chan<F32>;
spawn fmac(fmac_2_a_c, fmac_2_b_c, fmac_2_output_p)(float32::zero(false));
(fmac_1_a_p, fmac_1_b_p, fmac_1_output_c,
fmac_2_a_p, fmac_2_b_p, fmac_2_output_c)
}
}
For each child proc, we first declare the necessary channels (each channel
declaration produces a producer and consumer channel, respectively), then we
actually spawn it. The first set of arguments is passed to the child's config
function and the second is the initial state for the child proc. A spawn
produces no value, hence no let
on the left-hand side.
Advanced features
Channel arrays and loop-based spawning
Note: This feature is currently WIP and is not yet available.
Many hardware layouts have regular arrays of components, such as systolic
arrays, vector units, etc. Individually specifying these quickly grows
cumbersome, so users can instead declare channels of arrays and spawn procs
inside for
loops. This looks as follows:
proc Spawner4x4 {
input_producers: chan<F32> out[4][4];
output_consumers: chan<F32> out[4][4];
config() {
let (input_producers, input_consumers) = chan[4][4] F32;
let (output_producers, output_consumers) = chan[4][4] F32;
for (i) : (u32) in range(0, 4) {
for (j) : (u32) in range(0, 4) {
spawn Node(input_consumers[i][j],
output_producers[i][j])(float32::zero(false))
}()
}()
(input_producers, output_consumers)
}
}
Parametric procs
Just as with other DSLX constructs, Procs can be parameterized. Parametrics must
be specified at the proc level, and not at the component function level (i.e.,
not on config
or next
). Building off of the previous example, this looks as
follows:
proc Parametric<N: u32, M: u32> {
input_producers: chan<F32> out[N][M];
output_consumers: chan<F32> out[N][M];
config() {
let (input_producers, input_consumers) = chan[N][M] F32;
let (output_producers, output_consumers) = chan[N][M] F32;
for (i) : (u32) in range(0, N) {
for (j) : (u32) in range(0, M) {
spawn Node(input_consumers[i][j],
output_producers[i][j])(float32::zero(false))
}()
}()
(input_producers, output_consumers)
}
}
These two features are very powerful together: users can specify a broad variety of designs simply by adjusting a few parametric values.
Proc testing
The DSLX interpreter supports testing procs via the test_proc construct. A test proc is very similar to a normal proc with the following changes:
- A test proc is preceded by the
#[test_proc()]
directive. This directive, as one might expect, notifies the interpreter that the following proc is a test proc. Any initial state needed by the test proc should go inside the parentheses. - A test proc's
config
function must accept a single argument: a boolean input channel for terminating interpretation. When the test is complete, the proc should send the test's status (true
on success,false
on failure) on that channel (commonly called the "terminator" channel).
A skeletal example:
#[test_proc(u32:0)]
proc Tester {
terminator: chan<bool> out;
config(terminator: chan<bool> out) {
spawn proc_under_test(...)(...);
(terminator,)
}
next(tok: token, state: u32) {
new_state = ...
(new_state,)
}
}
The FP32 fmac module has a more complete proc test that may be used for reference.
Scheduling constraints
If you want to interface with something in the outside world that is latency sensitive (for example, an SRAM -- though we have separate infrastructure for making SRAMs work that builds on top of this feature), you can create external channels representing the interface you want to use, e.g.:
proc main {
req: chan<u32> out;
resp: chan<u32> in;
init { u32: 0 }
config(req: chan<u32> out, resp: chan<u32> in) {
(req, resp)
}
next(tok: token, state: u32) {
let request = state * state;
let tok = send(tok, req, request);
let (tok, response) = recv(tok, resp);
state + u32:1
}
}
where the fact that req
and resp
are parameters of config
, and main
is
the top proc during IR conversion, is what makes them "external".
Then when you codegen this, you can pass in
--io_constraints=foo__req:send:foo__resp:recv:2:2
where foo__req
is the
mangled name of the channel, which you can see by examining the generated IR
prior to codegen. That constraint means "a send on any channel named req
must
occur exactly two cycles before a receive on any channel named resp
"; the 2
is specified twice because it is possible to give a range of allowed cycle
differences.
For more details on --io_constraints
, check out
the docs.
For a complete example, see
//xls/examples:constraint_sv
and associated build targets; the
target you'd build to get the mangled channel names is :constraint_ir
.
-
The proc network itself will form a tree, but channels may make point-to-point connections between any two procs. ↩


An analog input is a variable input that gets converted by an analog to digital converter. Each analog input is read from hardware as a 12-bit number representing 0V to 5V. The raw value or the value converted to volts can be accessed using the analog input object.


--- layout: page title: About permalink: /about/ body-class: about hero--dark hero--top hero-img: hero-about.jpg ---
Marsella Properties is Rhode Island’s premier property management and construction services firm, serving the urban core as well as suburban communities, from southern Rhode Island to Massachusetts. Our firm offers an in-house team of managers, property accountants, maintenance personnel and construction managers capable of addressing any and all issues related to property management and special projects coordination. We thrive at working in concert with a fully informed client, creating well maintained properties and fostering tenant satisfaction.
We recognize that no two properties are the same. As each building and/or tenant space serves a different purpose, it will be Marsella’s primary objective to work closely with owners to understand short- and long-term needs while removing the daily constraints of management. Our extensive services for all types of commercial assets provide local knowledge and resources that will maximize the potential of a growing portfolio.
Maintaining the property in excellent condition is paramount to the long-term viability of each property. Proper maintenance has a profound impact on the ability of current tenants to enjoy these premises as well as attract new tenants, ensure tenant retention, and overall client satisfaction. While working with each owner, we will find innovative ways to control costs while increasing property value and maintaining the highest levels of tenant satisfaction and comfort.


An open framework for the financial services industry.
F2 is an open and free web integration framework designed to help you and other financial industry participants develop custom solutions that combine the best tools and content from multiple providers into one, privately-labeled, seamlessly integrated front-end. The essential components defined by the F2 specification are the Container, Apps, Context and Store—all supported under the hood by F2.js, a JavaScript SDK which provides an extensible foundation powering all F2-based web applications.
F2 is currently maintained by Markit On Demand and you're encouraged to read more details about the management of the F2 spec. Visit OpenF2.org for more information and follow @OpenF2 on Twitter.
Quick Start
Clone the repo, git clone https://github.com/OpenF2/F2.git
, or download the latest version.
Now you've got F2, you are ready to start building F2 containers or apps. Read the Get Started documentation for F2 apps to begin. If you simply want to see examples, point your browser at http://path/to/your/F2/examples/
.
Important: If you simply want to build F2 containers or apps, you can skip the Build F2 section below. You do not need the command line to work with F2.
Versioning
To adhere to industry standards, F2 will be maintained under the Semantic Versioning guidelines as much as possible.
Releases will be numbered with the following format:
<major>.<minor>.<patch>
For more information on SemVer, please visit http://semver.org/.
You can run this command to check the version of your local copy of F2 (if you've setup the build):
$> node build -v
Talk
Have a question? Want to chat? Open an Issue on GitHub, ask it on our Google Group or send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Bug Tracking
To track bugs and issues, we are using Issues on GitHub.
Developers
If you just want to build F2 containers and/or apps, you can skip the Build F2 section below. You do not need the command line to work with F2.
Build F2
For those wishing to contribute back to F2, we've included a build
file in the project which contains the logic for compiling F2.js and the specification docs. The build script runs on Node.js and has a few dependencies. To install, cd
to your F2/build
folder, and run the following commands in npm:
$> npm install<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wrench fs-extra yuidocjs optimist handlebars
$> npm install less markitdown -g
Depending on your configuration, you may need to be an admin to install some of these Node packages. Additionally, some packages may need to be installed globally using the -g
switch.
To build F2, run:
$> node build
For help, run:
$> node build -h
We are using markitdown, a lightweight pandoc wrapper, for converting markdown files to HTML for the docs.
Collaboration
Join our team and help contribute to F2 on GitHub. Begin by reading our contribution guidelines, and then start by forking the repo, sending pull requests, or submitting issues.
Copyright and License
F2 is released under the MIT License.
Copyright © 2013 Markit On Demand, Inc.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


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Turn on or off the buzzer, and output its status (true or false)
pin
: int. the gpio pin which is attached by the buzzer.
on
: boolean. true means turn on the buzzer, false means turn off.
status
: boolean. the running status of buzzer
It will check whether button is pressed in every 1s, if it is pressed, the buzzer starts buzzing, otherwise, the buzzer stop buzzing.


Out of Hay
问题描述 :
Bessie is trying to decide how large a waterskin she will need. She knows that she needs one ounce of water for each unit of length of a road. Since she can get more water at each farm, she’s only concerned about the length of the longest road. Of course, she plans her route between farms such that she minimizes the amount of water she must carry.
Help Bessie know the largest amount of water she will ever have to carry: what is the length of longest road she’ll have to travel between any two farms, presuming she chooses routes that minimize that number? This means, of course, that she might backtrack over a road in order to minimize the length of the longest road she’ll have to traverse.
输入:
* Lines 2..1+M: Line i+1 contains three space-separated integers, A_i, B_i, and L_i, describing a road from A_i to B_i of length L_i.
输出:
样例输入:
3 3 1 2 23 2 3 1000 1 3 43
样例输出:
43
温馨提示:
In order to reach farm 2, Bessie travels along a road of length 23. To reach farm 3, Bessie travels along a road of length 43. With capacity 43, she can travel along these roads provided that she refills her tank to maximum capacity before she starts down a road.
解题代码:
/* @author: */ import java.util.Scanner; public class Main{ public static void main(String args[]) { int p[][]=new int[2001][2001]; int n,m,i,j,k; int dis[]=new int[2001]; int u,v,l; int ne[]=new int[2001]; Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in); n=sc.nextInt(); m=sc.nextInt(); int max=0; for(i=0;i< n;i++) for(j=0;j< n;j++) p[i][j]=1000000001; for(i=0;i< m;i++) { u=sc.nextInt(); v=sc.nextInt(); l=sc.nextInt(); u--; v--; if(p[u][v]>l)p[u][v]=p[v][u]=l; } for(i=0;i< n;i++) { dis[i]=p[0][i]; ne[i]=0; } ne[0]=-1; for(i=0;i< n-1;i++) { int min=1000000001,tag=-1; for(j=0;j< n;j++) if(ne[j]!=-1&&dis[j]< min) { min=dis[j]; tag=j; } ne[tag]=-1; if(dis[tag]>max)max=dis[tag]; for(j=0;j< n;j++) if(ne[j]!=-1&&p[tag][j]< dis[j]) { dis[j]=p[tag][j]; ne[j]=tag; } } System.out.printf("%d",max); } }
可以参考算法导论中的时间戳。就是结束访问时间，最后结束的顶点肯定是入度为0的顶点，因为DFS要回溯
Dijkstra 不适合有负权值的边吧
这是研发的在线笔试题吗?发现很多C啊，阿里不是JAVA多么？
其实国内大部分公司对算法都不够重视。特别是中小型公司老板根本都不懂技术，也不懂什么是算法，从而也不要求程序员懂什么算法，做程序从来不考虑性能问题，只要页面能显示出来就是好程序，这是国内的现状，很无奈。
第二个是python代码啊。。
递归还真是一门学问，学习了
想问下computeLSPArray那里，if(len!=0) len=lps[len-1]是什么意思
原来的主机不行，目前更换到了国内主机
很不错！
能告诉我为什么对于每一个m，cnt的值不用更新吗?这儿我想不通啊，谢谢
I go through some of your put up and I uncovered a good deal of expertise from it. Many thanks for posting this sort of exciting posts
simple, however efficient. A lot of instances it is difficult to get that a??perfect balancea?? among usability and appearance. I must say that youa??ve done a exceptional task with this. Also, the blog masses quite fast for me on Web explore.


Install via NPM.
npm install rocket-flicker
Note that this module has a dependency Rocket Tools (28kb) which will automatically be installed as well.
Start by including the necessary files.
 <link href="node_modules/rocket-flicker/css/flicker.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">   /* Your content goes here */
See the setup of the HTML and Javascript call below.

Example Heading

Sub Text

Example Heading

Sub Text

There are options that you can set. Read the more detailed documentation to find out more.
To make your flicker touch enabled, just included the Hammer library (Rocket Flicker comes with a copy). For example.
 /* Your content goes here */
For a more detailed look into the available options, you can read the documentation at https://github.com/chrishumboldt/Rocket-Flicker


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Introduction
In this section we will be disassembling simple binaries generated by the Fortran high-level language compiled for the 64-bit ARM platform. We will disassemble the binaries using GDB+GEF as well Radare2.
Project code for this section is contained in my github repository.
The program add.f08
The screenshot below displays the contents of the program add.f08. The program creates three integers: a, b, and c. a is assigned the value of 1, b is assigned the value of 9, and c is assigned the result of the operation a + b.
The program is obviously very simple, with no inputs and outputs. The idea is to generate the binary and look at the disassembly to learn about the workings of the 64-bit ARM processor platform.
The chosen test system is a instance on Amazon Web Services. This is a new service that is powered by a 64-bit ARMv8 processor. It fits very well for this application due to its availability and ease of access from multiple remote systems via SSH.
The program is compiled with:
$ gfortran -ggdb3 add.f08 -o add_int_Fortran_aarch64_ggdb3
For general edification, we also have gfortran produce generic assembly with the -S option, an object file with the -o option and object dumps of the object and executable files.
The generic assembly is generated by using the -S (assembly) option:
$ gfortran -S -ggdb3 add.f08 -o add.s
The object file is generated by using the -c (compile) option:
$ gfortran -c -ggdb3 add.s -o add.o
The objdump files are generated by using the following command and options:
$ objdump -x -D -S -s -g -t add.o > objdump_of_dot_o.txt
$ objdump -x -D -S -s -g -t add_int_Fortran_aarch64_ggdb3 > objdump_of_dot_exe.txt
A rundown of the objdump options is shown here:
$objdump Usage: objdump (option(s)) (file(s)) Display information from object (file(s)). At least one of the following switches must be given: -a, --archive-headers Display archive header information -f, --file-headers Display the contents of the overall file header -p, --private-headers Display object format specific file header contents -P, --private=OPT,OPT... Display object format specific contents -h, --[section-]headers Display the contents of the section headers -x, --all-headers Display the contents of all headers -d, --disassemble Display assembler contents of executable sections -D, --disassemble-all Display assembler contents of all sections -S, --source Intermix source code with disassembly -s, --full-contents Display the full contents of all sections requested -g, --debugging Display debug information in object file -e, --debugging-tags Display debug information using ctags style -G, --stabs Display (in raw form) any STABS info in the file -W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK] or --dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames, =frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes, =gdb_index,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges, =addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links] Display DWARF info in the file -t, --syms Display the contents of the symbol table(s) -T, --dynamic-syms Display the contents of the dynamic symbol table -r, --reloc Display the relocation entries in the file -R, --dynamic-reloc Display the dynamic relocation entries in the file @Read options from -v, --version Display this program's version number -i, --info List object formats and architectures supported -H, --help Display this information
In our case, we want -x (all headers), -D (disassemble all), -S (display source code with assembly), -s (full contents of all sections), -g (debug info), and finally, -t (display contents of the symbol tables).
We will now disassemble this program on the 64-bit ARM platform and step through the assembly instructions.
Disassembling add_int_Fortran_aarch64_ggdb3 in GDB + GEF
The debug process is started by entering:
$gdb add_int_Fortran_aarch64_ggdb3
We then want to disassemble main. Looking at main's disassembly, we notice a call at main+44 to a function at address 0x814 called add. We then do a disassembly on this function as well.
Referring to the function main, we notice that the function prologue consists of first a section that sets up internal Fortran arguments. This occupies main+0 until main+24, where a branch occurs to the function _gfortran_set_args. Subsequently, further configuration occurs from main+28 until main+40, where a branch to the function _gfortran_set_options occurs. Finally, once that is complete, a branch to the function add occurs. After that branch is finished, a clean up of the stack and a return value of 0 is setup in main+48 until main+56. At main+56, a return to main's calling function is executed.
Running add_int_Fortran_aarch64_ggdb3 in GDB + GEF
When we look at the executable's objdump, we notice that there are two functions of interest, one is main, and the other is MAIN__. The Fortran compiler sets up the program arguments and options in main, while the actual program is contained within MAIN__ (that is capital MAIN followed by two underscores).
The following text from the executable's objdump illustrates this:
00000000000007c4 (MAIN__): program add 7c4: d10043ff sub sp, sp, #0x10 implicit none integer :: a, b, c a = 1 7c8: 52800020 mov w0, #0x1 // #1 7cc: b9000fe0 str w0, [sp, #12] b = 9 7d0: 52800120 mov w0, #0x9 // #9 7d4: b9000be0 str w0, [sp, #8] c = a + b 7d8: b9400fe1 ldr w1, [sp, #12] 7dc: b9400be0 ldr w0, [sp, #8] 7e0: 0b000020 add w0, w1, w0 7e4: b90007e0 str w0, [sp, #4] end program add 7e8: d503201f nop 7ec: 910043ff add sp, sp, #0x10 7f0: d65f03c0 ret<PHONE_NUMBER>0007f4 (main): 7f4: a9be7bfd stp x29, x30, [sp, #-32]! 7f8: 910003fd mov x29, sp 7fc: b9001fa0 str w0, [x29, #28] 800: f9000ba1 str x1, [x29, #16] 804: f9400ba1 ldr x1, [x29, #16] 808: b9401fa0 ldr w0, [x29, #28] 80c: 97ffff95 bl 660 <_gfortran_set_args@plt> 810: 90000000 adrp x0, 0 <_init-0x628> 814: 91236000 add x0, x0, #0x8d8 818: aa0003e1 mov x1, x0 81c: 528000e0 mov w0, #0x7 // #7 820: 97ffffa4 bl 6b0 <_gfortran_set_options@plt> 824: 97ffffe8 bl 7c4828: 52800000 mov w0, #0x0 // #0 82c: a8c27bfd ldp x29, x30, [sp], #32 830: d65f03c0 ret 834: 00000000 .inst 0x00000000 ; undefined
We therefore want to set a breakpoint at *MAIN__. We use the * to get at MAIN__ + 0.
gef➤ break *MAIN__ Breakpoint 3 at 0xaaaaaaaaa7c4: file add.f08, line 1.
The aarch64 has allot of registers (36 registers visible in GEF), and it becomes necessary to zoom out the screen to see the entire output of GEF. For easier viewing on this website, we will display the output of GEF using two screenshots.
Rather than taking screenshots of the state of GEF after exectuting every instruction, we will place comments on the assembly instructions in MAIN__ from the executable's objdump output.
00000000000007c4 (MAIN__): program add 7c4: d10043ff sub sp, sp, #0x10 implicit none integer :: a, b, c a = 1 7c8: 52800020 mov w0, #0x1 // #1 - Moves a 1 into register w0 7cc: b9000fe0 str w0, [sp, #12] // - Stores the contents of register w0 into the stack pointer + 12. // Recall that even though the machine is 64 bit, when defining a // variable as an integer, it is 32 bits in size. In Fortran there are // ways of changing the size of the integer as stored in memory. // The compiler set aside 4x3 = 12 bytes to store these integers. // The integer variable a is at sp + 12. b = 9 7d0: 52800120 mov w0, #0x9 // #9 - Moves a 1 into register w0 7d4: b9000be0 str w0, [sp, #8] // - Stores the contents of register w0 into stack pointer + 8. // See above discussion for explanation. c = a + b // Now that the stack contains the addends, the machine can perform the operation. 7d8: b9400fe1 ldr w1, [sp, #12] // The variable a is loaded into register w1. 7dc: b9400be0 ldr w0, [sp, #8] // The variable b is loaded into register w0. 7e0: 0b000020 add w0, w1, w0 // w0 + w1 and store result into w0 7e4: b90007e0 str w0, [sp, #4] // Store the value in w0 into stack pointer + 4. // Stack pointer + 4 is reserved for the integer variable c. end program add 7e8: d503201f nop // No Operation. Usied for 64 bit boundary alignment. // Interesting as to why that specific set of opcodes are used. Hmmmm.... 7ec: 910043ff add sp, sp, #0x10 // Clean up the stack. Subtract 16 from the stack pointer. // The additional 4 bytes beyond the three integer variables is for the base // (frame) pointer. 7f0: d65f03c0 ret // Return to main by popping the return address off of // the stack into the program counter (PC).
When stepping through the program, we can see the variables stored on the stack. For example, in the text below, we can see at SP+4 we have 0xa (10 in decimal), which is the result of 1 + 9, or a + b. Variable a is stored at SP + 12 and vriable b is stored at SP + 8. I have bolded and spaced out the values on the stack for clarity.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── stack ──── 0x0000fffffffff250│+0x0000: 0x0000000 a 00000000 ← $sp 0x0000fffffffff258│+0x0008: 0x0000000 1 0000000 9 0x0000fffffffff260│+0x0010: 0x0000fffffffff280 → 0x0000000000000000 ← $x29 0x0000fffffffff268│+0x0018: 0x0000ffffbf4956e0 → (__libc_start_main+224) bl 0xffffbf4a9f50 (__GI_exit) 0x0000fffffffff270│+0x0020: 0x0000fffffffff3b8 → 0x0000fffffffff5dd → "/home/ubuntu/Engineering/GITHUB/Disassembling-Bina[...]" 0x0000fffffffff278│+0x0028: 0x0000000100000000 0x0000fffffffff280│+0x0030: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000fffffffff288│+0x0038: 0x0000aaaaaaaaa6f4 → (_start+52) bl 0xaaaaaaaaa6a0 (abort@plt) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── code:arm64:ARM ──── 0xaaaaaaaaa7d8 (MAIN__+20) ldr w1, [sp, #12] 0xaaaaaaaaa7dc (MAIN__+24) ldr w0, [sp, #8] 0xaaaaaaaaa7e0 (MAIN__+28) add w0, w1, w0 → 0xaaaaaaaaa7e4 (MAIN__+32) str w0, [sp, #4] 0xaaaaaaaaa7e8 (MAIN__+36) nop 0xaaaaaaaaa7ec (MAIN__+40) add sp, sp, #0x10 0xaaaaaaaaa7f0 (MAIN__+44) ret 0xaaaaaaaaa7f4 (main+0) stp x29, x30, [sp, #-32]! 0xaaaaaaaaa7f8 (main+4) mov x29, sp


LSTM
Sequential Long-Short Term Memory Model
Frameworks and Tools
Keras.io, Theanos, Python, Numpy, SciPy, SciKit-Learn
Hosting
IBM SoftLayer (GPUs)
Model trained on collection of audio files belonging to common genre
Sequential Long-Short Term Memory Model
Keras.io, Theanos, Python, Numpy, SciPy, SciKit-Learn
IBM SoftLayer (GPUs)


This dashboard offers a list of links to API queries that demonstrate common operations. The source code of the queries can be found at the queries sub-folder. Please read the individual example source code to know more about each query.
| Query | Description |
|---|---|
| Fetch Profile data | Generate an HTML page using JSON data fetched by the API client. |
| Fetch CV data | Request information about sections, fields * and the valid options for drop-down fields. |
| Add items to Profile | Add two research interests to the profile of a user. Note: Requires API write mode. |
| Add items to CV | Add new items into a CV section. Note: Requires API write mode. |


Help Page
The following are the basic step on how to perform operations on the system
Step 1: From the menu bar select an issue that you want to pass for example; a Complain, Suggestion or Inquiry as shown in Figure 1.1 or Figure 1.2
Step2: This will redirect you to an issue form where you can select a Ministry that you want to inquire about as shown in figure 1.3
Step 3: Select the Constituency that you are from as shown in figure 1.4
Step 4: Select the Ward that you are from as shown in figure 1.4
Step 5: Type your Issue at this point be brief and precise figure 1.6 shows the text area that you are to type your question or complain
Step 6: Submit your issue figure 1.7 shows the submit and reset buttons, click the SUBMIT button to send your issue and CANCEL to return to homepage on submission you will get a notification confirming that your issue has been submitted e.g. Figure 2.1
ADVANCED USERS LOGIN
Figures 1.8, 1.9 and 2.0 show the advanced user’s interface that include the login, the password recovery and sign up pages respectively.
For more questions about the system contact us and we will gladly respond in Your Views Section on the Homepage


Bootstrap Sucks
However, it makes the website looks good
Circle
Rounded Corners
thumbnail
My Dream Home looks this way
Video


Reference: Tools
sector_shutdown
The sector_shutdown tool allows to gracefully shutdown part or all of the Sector system.
sector_shutdown -a | -i id | -d address(ip:port) | -r rack_topo_path
Parameters
- -a
- shutdown the complete system.
- -i id
- shutdown the slave node with this id.
- -d address
- shutdown the slave node with this ip:port address .
- -r rack_topo_path
- shutdown a rack. This parameter should be set according to the conf/topology.conf, e.g., /1/1/2.
Description
This command can be used to gracefully shutdown the Sector system or part of it (e.g., to decompose some computers or maintanence). This command requires Sector "root" previlige.
See Also


Geographic Data¶
For Geographic datafiles, You can add a Datafile.Projection property to set the projection. If it specifies a particular projection, it must be an EPSG value, prefixed with ‘epsg:’, such as: ‘epsg:4269’. If this projection is different than the soruce, the data will be projected while it is loaded.
The value can also be specified as ‘<source>”, in which case the data will not be projected, and the Datafile.Projection value will be replaced with the source projection code in built packages. THe property will be added to the Datafile term if it does not exist.


REPLACE BEFORE COMMITTING
REPLACE BEFORE COMMITTING
New
Pet
REPLACE BEFORE COMMITTING
Owner
[firstName lastName]
Name
[error]
Birth Date
[error]
Type
[option]
[error]
REPLACE BEFORE COMMITTING


Brace expansion, as known from sh/bash, in JavaScript.
var expand = require('brace-expansion');
expand('file-{a,b,c}.jpg')
// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-b.jpg', 'file-c.jpg']
expand('-v{,,}')
// => ['-v', '-v', '-v']
expand('file{0..2}.jpg')
// => ['file0.jpg', 'file1.jpg', 'file2.jpg']
expand('file-{a..c}.jpg')
// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-b.jpg', 'file-c.jpg']
expand('file{2..0}.jpg')
// => ['file2.jpg', 'file1.jpg', 'file0.jpg']
expand('file{0..4..2}.jpg')
// => ['file0.jpg', 'file2.jpg', 'file4.jpg']
expand('file-{a..e..2}.jpg')
// => ['file-a.jpg', 'file-c.jpg', 'file-e.jpg']
expand('file{00..10..5}.jpg')
// => ['file00.jpg', 'file05.jpg', 'file10.jpg']
expand('{{A..C},{a..c}}')
// => ['A', 'B', 'C', 'a', 'b', 'c']
expand('ppp{,config,oe{,conf}}')
// => ['ppp', 'pppconfig', 'pppoe', 'pppoeconf']
Return an array of all possible and valid expansions of str
. If none are found, [str]
is returned.
Valid expansions are:
A comma separated list of options, like {a,b}
or {a,{b,c}}
or {,a,}
.
A numeric sequence from x
to y
inclusive, with optional increment. If x
or y
start with a leading 0
, all the numbers will be padded to have equal length. Negative numbers and backwards iteration work too.
An alphabetic sequence from x
to y
inclusive, with optional increment. x
and y
must be exactly one character, and if given, incr
must be a number.
For compatibility reasons, the string ${
is not eligible for brace expansion.
With npm do:
This module is proudly supported by my Sponsors!
Do you want to support modules like this to improve their quality, stability and weigh in on new features? Then please consider donating to my Patreon. Not sure how much of my modules you’re using? Try feross/thanks!
(MIT)
Copyright (c) 2013 Julian Gruber<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


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Dendro
5.01
Dendro in Greek language means tree. The Dendro library is a large scale (262K cores on ORNL's Titan) distributed memory adaptive octree framework. The main goal of Dendro is to perform large scale multiphysics simulations efficeiently in mordern supercomputers. Dendro consists of efficient parallel data structures and algorithms to perform variational ( finite element) methods and finite difference mthods on 2:1 balanced arbitary adaptive octrees which enables the users to perform simulations raning from black holes (binary black hole mergers) to blood flow in human body, where applications ranging from relativity, astrophysics to biomedical engineering.
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A set of functions for fast binary operations. More...
Functions | |
| bool | isPowerOfTwo (unsigned int n) |
| unsigned int | binLength (unsigned int num) |
| unsigned int | fastLog2 (unsigned int num) |
| int | toBin (unsigned int dec, unsigned int binLen, std::vector< bool > &result) |
| Converts a decimal number to binary. More... | |
| unsigned int | binToDec (unsigned int *numBin, unsigned int binLen) |
| int | getNextHighestPowerOfTwo (unsigned int n) |
| int | getPrevHighestPowerOfTwo (unsigned int n) |
| template<typename T > | |
| void | setBit (T &val, unsigned int i) |
| sets the i^th bit on the value val | |
| template<typename T > | |
| unsigned int | getBit (T val, unsigned int i) |
| gets the i^th bit on the value val | |
A set of functions for fast binary operations.
| unsigned int binOp::binLength | ( | unsigned int | num | ) |
| unsigned int binOp::binToDec | ( | unsigned int * | numBin, |
| unsigned int | binLen | ||
| ) |
| numBin | binary representation of the number |
| binLen | length of numBin |
| unsigned int binOp::fastLog2 | ( | unsigned int | num | ) |
return log to base 2 of num
| int binOp::getNextHighestPowerOfTwo | ( | unsigned int | n | ) |
| int binOp::getPrevHighestPowerOfTwo | ( | unsigned int | n | ) |
| bool binOp::isPowerOfTwo | ( | unsigned int | n | ) |
| int binOp::toBin | ( | unsigned int | dec, |
| unsigned int | binLen, | ||
| std::vector< bool > & | result | ||
| ) |
Converts a decimal number to binary.
| dec | the decimal number |
| binLen | the number of digits required in the binary representation |
| result | the binary representation |


ssm.compositionality.Rd
This algorithm builds on Spike's measure of compositionality (see
sm.compositionality
), except instead of simply determining
which segment(s) have the highest mutual predictability for each
meaning feature separately, it attempts to find a combination of
non-overlapping segments for each feature that maximises the overall string
coverage over all signals. In other words, it tries to find a segmentation
which can account for (or 'explain') as much of the string material in the
signals as possible.
ssm.compositionality(x, y, groups = NULL) ssm.segmentation(x, y, mergefeatures = FALSE, verbose = FALSE)
| x | a list or vector of character sequences |
|---|---|
| y | a matrix or data frame with as many rows as there are strings (see section Meaning data format) |
| groups | a list or vector with as many items as strings, used to split the signals and meanings into data sets for which the compositionality measures are computed separately. |
| mergefeatures | logical: if |
| verbose | logical: if |
For large data sets and long strings, this computation can get very slow. If the attested signals are such that no perfect segmentation is possible, this algorithm is not guaranteed to find any segmentation (as no such segmentation might exist).
ssm.segmentation(c("as", "bas", "basf"), cbind(a=c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE), b=c(FALSE, TRUE, TRUE)))#>#>#> N matches matchrate mp p segments #> b 2 2 1 1.000 0.651 b #> a 2 2 1 0.667 0.994 as #> #> Mean feature-wise mutual predictability, weighted by feature frequency: 0.833 #> Mean signal-wise character coverage, weighted by features per signal: 0.708 #> #> Segmentation is based on 3 signals totalling 9 characters. #> Discounting overlaps, the segmentation above accounts for 6 of those characters. #> Total character coverage rate: 0.667# signaling system where one meaning distinction is not encoded in the signals print(threebytwoanimals <- enumerate.meaningcombinations(list(animal=c("dog", "cat", "tiger"), colour=c("col1", "col2"))))#> animal colour #> [1,] "dog" "col1" #> [2,] "dog" "col2" #> [3,] "cat" "col1" #> [4,] "cat" "col2" #> [5,] "tiger" "col1" #> [6,] "tiger" "col2"ssm.segmentation(c("greendog", "bluedog", "greenfeline", "bluefeline", "greenfeline", "bluefeline"), threebytwoanimals)#>#>#> N matches matchrate mp p segments #> animal=dog 2 2 1 1.0 0.982 dog #> colour=col1 3 3 1 1.0 0.615 green #> colour=col2 3 3 1 1.0 0.615 blue #> animal=cat 2 2 1 0.5 1 feline #> animal=tiger 2 2 1 0.5 1 feline #> #> Mean feature-wise mutual predictability, weighted by feature frequency: 0.833 #> Mean signal-wise character coverage, weighted by features per signal: 1 #> #> Segmentation is based on 6 signals totalling 57 characters. #> Discounting overlaps, the segmentation above accounts for 57 of those characters. #> Total character coverage rate: 1# the same analysis again, but allow merging of features ssm.segmentation(c("greendog", "bluedog", "greenfeline", "bluefeline", "greenfeline", "bluefeline"), threebytwoanimals, mergefeatures=TRUE)#>#>#>#> N matches matchrate mp p segments #> animal=dog 2 2 1 1 0.982 dog #> colour=col1 3 3 1 1 0.615 green #> colour=col2 3 3 1 1 0.615 blue #> animal=cat|animal=tiger 4 4 1 1 0.701 feline #> #> Mean feature-wise mutual predictability, weighted by feature frequency: 1 #> Mean signal-wise character coverage, weighted by features per signal: 1 #> #> Segmentation is based on 6 signals totalling 57 characters. #> Discounting overlaps, the segmentation above accounts for 57 of those characters. #> Total character coverage rate: 1


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Flask and Databases¶
Updated April 3, 2023
To add database functionality to a Flask app, we will use SQLAlchemy.
SQLAlchemy is a Python SQL toolkit and object relational mapper (ORM) that enables Python to communicate with the SQL database system you prefer: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and others. An ORM converts data between incompatible systems (object structure in Python, table structure in SQL database). SQLAlchemy is basically a bridge between Python and a SQL database.
Flask-SQLAlchemy is an extension for Flask that adds SQLAlchemy to your Flask app.
Note
SQLAlchemy 2.0 was released in October 2022 and was a major update. This document has been updated for SQLAlchemy 2.0.
Setup: Flask-SQLAlchemy¶
We will install the Flask-SQLAlchemy extension to enable us to work with a SQL database in Flask. There are many extensions for Flask; each one adds a different set of functions and capabilities. See the list of Flask extensions for more.
In Terminal, change into your Flask projects folder and activate your virtual environment there. Then install the extension at the command prompt — where you see $
(Mac) or C:\Users\yourname>
(Windows) —
pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy
We will use SQLite for database examples here. Although it’s not necessary to use SQLAlchemy to interact with a SQLite database, learning to use SQLAlchemy gives you a skill set that can be applied to any SQL database system.
SQLAlchemy can bridge between Python and various different SQL database systems — some of which need an additional module, or library, to be installed. SQLite does not require an additional module — the sqlite3
module is included in Python 3.x.
Important
If you’re using a MySQL/MariaDB or PostgreSQL database, you will need to install a DBAPI module such as psycopg2
(PostgreSQL) or PyMySQL
(MySQL).
Basics of using a database with Flask¶
You’ll connect your Flask app to an existing SQL database. Connecting will require your own database username and database password, unless using SQLite.
Note
You can create the SQL database using Python, but that is not required. If you already have a database, all you need to worry about is how to connect it. If you do use Python to create a SQL database (and that’s an “if,” not a necessity), you will only do it once. You don’t create the same database again and again. Yes, this seems like a no-brainer — but you do need to think about what your code is doing.
Your database may have one table, or more than one table. That depends on what you need, or the structure of the existing SQL database. You’ll need to know the table name(s). You’ll need to know the field names (column headings) in each table.
Your app might only read from your SQL database. You can write SQL queries to accomplish this — using Flask-SQLAlchemy commands to do so. Note that you won’t write a straightforward SQL query. Here is an example of Flask-SQLAlchemy syntax:
socks = db.session.execute(db.select(Sock).filter_by(style='knee-high')
.order_by(Sock.name)).scalars()
The Flask-SQLAlchemy statement to the right of the first equals sign, above, is equivalent to this standard SQL statement:
SELECT * FROM socks WHERE style="knee-high" ORDER BY name
It is assumed you are familiar with how to write basic SQL queries.
Complete SQLAlchemy documentation: ORM Querying Guide
In addition to reading from your SQL database, your Flask app might allow people to write to the database. In that case, you will probably want people to log in securely. Alternatively, you might set up a Python script that updates your database on a regular schedule (e.g., writing in new records from a monthly data dump).
You might write a Python script to populate your database from the contents of a CSV file. This would be fairly simple if you only need to run it once. If you need to add records repeatedly (say, once per month) to an existing database, you might need to check whether you are duplicating records that are already there. If you need to check for existing records and update them, that’s more challenging. You can handle each of these tasks within Flask, using route functions.
If people are writing into your database, you will want to give them a web form, or forms, for doing so. See Flask: Web Forms if you need to create a web form in your Flask app.
You will not necessarily need forms if your app only reads from the database, but it is possible you’ll want to allow people to search for content, or to choose content from a menu using a <select>
element in a form that queries the database. Then a form or forms will be required. Again, you will handle these tasks within Flask, using route functions.
Of course, you’ll be using templates and all the other aspects of Flask covered in previous chapters here.
This overview should get you thinking about what you will need your Flask app to do, and how you will be querying the database, inserting new records, etc.
For all Python and SQL commands, refer to the links listed under “User’s Guide” in the Flask-SQLAlchemy documentation.
How to connect a database to a Flask app¶
The first step, assuming you have a database, is getting your app (or a starter script for your app) to connect to the database. Do this first.
Here’s a starter script for testing whether you can connect:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | """
test a SQLite database connection locally
assumes the database file is in same location
as this .py file
"""
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.sql import text
# this variable, db, will be used for all SQLAlchemy commands
db = SQLAlchemy()
# create the app
app = Flask(__name__)
# change string to the name of your database; add path if necessary
db_name = 'sockmarket.db'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///' + db_name
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True
# initialize the app with Flask-SQLAlchemy
db.init_app(app)
# NOTHING BELOW THIS LINE NEEDS TO CHANGE
# this route will test the database connection - and nothing more
@app.route('/')
def testdb():
try:
db.session.query(text('1')).from_statement(text('SELECT 1')).all()
return '
It works.
'
except Exception as e:
# e holds description of the error
error_text = "
The error:
" + str(e) + "
"
hed = '
Something is broken.
'
return hed + error_text
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
|
The script above assumes that a SQLite database file (see filename on line 16) is in the same directory as the .py
file. The script will work with any SQLite database file.
Starter scripts for a MySQL database connection are here. More about this below.
Note that line 18 is the key to the connection — it contains the database connection string, which will be different depending on which SQL database system you are connecting to. The SQLite connection string is simpler than the others, so be sure to read on if you’re using MySQL, PostgreSQL, or another system.
Run the script above:
python test_local_sqlite_db.py
Open http://localhost:5000
in your web browser. If you see the text “It works.” — then all is well. Otherwise, you’ll see an error message that should enable you to resolve the problem.
SQLite resources¶
SQLite is a SQL database engine that is especially easy to work with because the database — regardless of its size or how many tables it might include — is in a single .db
file. You can copy the file, upload it to a server, and so on — it is a standalone file.
Unlike other database systems, a SQLite database does not have a username or password for access to the database itself.
Download and install SQLite for your operating system (note: MacOS already has SQLite)
Download the free DB Browser for SQLite (you can easily create tables by importing CSV files) — use this to create a new database, add tables, set data types for columns, etc.
SQLite can be used without SQLAlchemy: Using SQLite3 with Flask
Connecting to a MySQL database¶
Two scripts are provided to test a connection to a MySQL database. They are here. An additional Python module must be installed — PyMySQL — and a username and password must be included in the connection string (even an empty password has a place).
In addition, when running the MySQL database locally, a socket string must be included. This string will be very different on MacOS and Windows.
If you do not want to run the database locally, but instead you have the database on a remote server — while you are writing your Flask app (and testing it) on your own computer — you will need to remotely connect to your MySQL database.
The connection string¶
The database connection string requires a strict syntax, or it will not work. The SQLite string is by far the simplest:
'sqlite:///' + db_name
That assumes the .db
file is adjacent to your .py
file. If not, write the path as needed.
For other database systems, the connection string will be more complex:
'mysql+pymysql://' + username + ':' + password + '@' + server + database
Note, that example is for MySQL only; the protocol will be different for, say, PostgreSQL.
Setting environment variables¶
Instead of including username, password, and the whole database connection string within a Python script, you can set the complete string as an environment variable. Note that the connection string must be complete and correct for your configuration, as discussed in the previous section.
If you set an environment variable for the connection string, then add the following lines near the top of your script:
import os
# check for environment variable
if not os.getenv("DATABASE_URL"):
raise RuntimeError("DATABASE_URL is not set")
Eliminate all lines that refer to username, password, server, and database name.
Change the app.config
statement to this:
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL")
Look up how to set an environment variable for your operating system.
Note
os
is a built-in Python module.
When setting up a Flask app on a server, there will be an option to set environment variables there. The lines in the Flask script referring to the environment variable will not change.
Important
Only one environment variable on your computer, or in an app, can be named DATABASE_URL
— it’s a variable name, so you can change the string to something else, and you can set as many different variables as you need.
Note
If you’re using a SQLite database, don’t bother with environment variables.
What could go wrong?¶
If you cannot get your Flask app to connect to your database, check the following:
You forgot to install something (Flask-SQLAlchemy, or PyMySQL, etc.) in your Python virtual environment.
Your virtual environment has not been activated.
Your username and/or password for the database are wrong.
Your database name is incorrect.
On a remote server, permissions for the database user are not set correctly.
For a local database, the socket does not match what you need on your computer.
For a local MySQL database, you have not started the MySQL server.
Summary¶
This has been a basic introduction to getting started with Flask-SQLAlchemy and databases in Flask. The first step is to make sure you are able to connect successfully to the database you want to use.
A successful connection depends on which type of SQL system your database was built in. In this chapter, SQLite and MySQL are covered. PostgreSQL is another popular option but not covered here.
Creating a database from scratch is not covered here.
The following two chapters cover reading from or writing to the database.
.