Accelerating and braking
What happens when we step on the gas or brake in a car? The car pushes against the road to either accelerate (gas pedal) or decelerate (brake pedal). But how are the forces on the car and wheels distributed? What determines whether the wheels grip the road or lose traction and spin or slide?
To study this problem we need a model. Let's start with the simplest model and then gradually consider more complex models.
The classic American Pony Car: a 1965 Ford Mustang Fastback with the Golden Gate Bridge in the background. Image source: flikr image by Nick Ares (CC BY-SA 2.0) (full-sized image).
- Video of a burnout with a deliberate loss of traction.
- Video of a wheelie, where the front wheels lose contact.
- Video of braking in which the rear wheels lose contact.
- Another burnout video, taken to the point of destruction.
Point mass model
The simplest model of a car is to treat the entire vehicle as a point mass. On a we have vertical force balance for a stationary car. When the car , there is a horizontal forward force on the car, and a corresponding backwards horizontal force on the ground. As the car picks up speed, air resistance produces a backwards force. On the diagram we have drawn some forces offset from the center of mass, so that the vectors don't overlap. Because we are assuming a point mass model, however, all vectors are really acting at the same point.
While cruising at a constant speed, there is a balance between the horizontal driving force and the drag force due to air resistance. When the car , there is a backwards force that slows the car down to a stop.
We can think of the force vectors (such as the ground force on the car) as either in separate horizontal and vertical or as unified vectors. It may be helpful to pause the during and to consider the forces at work.
2D rigid body model
Consider a car sitting stationary on the ground, as shown below. We will take the entire car plus wheels to be a single rigid body. Clearly this is inaccurate (the wheels can't turn), but it is still useful.
We start with the car stationary, sitting on the road. Gravity acts downward through the center of mass, while there are upwards reaction forces on the wheels and corresponding equal and opposite forces downwards on the ground. Because the car is not accelerating, the total forces on the car are in balance, as we can see on the .
When the driver , this results in the car pushing back on the road, giving a net forward force on the driving wheels (the back wheels for our car), and the car accelerates up to cruising speed. Here we are including air resistance but neglecting rolling resistance, and while cruising at constant speed the driving force exactly balances the drag force from air resistance. When the driver , the car pushes on the road to slow down, giving backward forces on both wheels and causing the car to decelerate to a stop.
Repeat the / cycle a few times while showing the . Observe the horizontal and vertical forces of the road on the car wheels. Also view the forces both in and as total force vectors.
The vertical forces of the road on the car always need to balance the gravitational force, but we can see that the distribution between front and rear wheels changes as the car accelerates and decelerates. This is because the horizontal driving and braking forces are below the center of mass and produce a moment. The vehicle is not rotating, so this moment must be counteracted by the ground forces. The force directions mean that the rear wheels take more weight during acceleration, while the front wheels take more weight during braking.
Traction, acceleration, and braking
The maximum force with which the car can push against the road is limited by the friction coefficient of the tire multiplied by the normal force. This applies both during acceleration and braking.
To accelerate as hard as possible, we should thus use a rear-wheel drive layout. If we accelerate too hard, however, then the back wheels will slip and experience wheelspin, because the dynamic coefficient of friction is lower than the static coefficient. While high-performance applications generally want to maintain traction in all cases, the impressive effects of traction loss are sometimes deliberately produced. Spinning the rear wheels in a burnout produces smoke as the tires vaporize due to the heat from friction. Drag racers perform a burnout at the start of a race to clean the tires and heat them to an optimal temperature. To easily produce a burnout a line lock can be installed to enable the brakes to be applied only to the front wheels (although this is often illegal on street cars). Alternatively, a burnout can be performed by disengaging the clutch, running the engine at a high revs, and then rapidly engaging the clutch. The high angular momentum of the engine then provides a rotational impulse to the rear wheels, causing them to lose traction.
Even if traction is maintained during acceleration, a second problem that may occur is that the torque from the rear wheels can be enough to lift the front wheels off the ground, so that the vehicle performs a wheelie. This occurs very easily for motorbikes and BMX bicycles, due to a high center of mass to wheelbase ratio, but can also occur for cars with poor geometry and sufficient power.
The problems of wheel slip and wheel lift-off occur in reverse while braking. Any car with well-maintained brakes has sufficient braking power to cause the wheels to lock, even in dry conditions with good traction. For this reason many cars now include anti-lock braking systems (ABS), which detect wheel locking and rapidly pulse the brake force to prevent locking. Even better than this are electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) systems, which apply the maximal brake force to each wheel while maintaining traction and control, better than any unassisted human driver could achieve. Due to the weight transfer to the front wheels during braking, the front brakes generally apply much greater force and thus wear out sooner than the rear brakes.
Using ABS to mean Anti-lock Brake System is an example of a backronym. This is where the name ABS came first, and then Anti-lock Brake System was made up later to fit the letters as an ackronym. In fact ABS comes from the German phrase Antiblockiersystem (literally: Anti Locking System).
2D multi-body model
To understand how forces and moments act on the wheels, we need to separate out the single rigid-body model into multiple rigid bodies. The simplest version of this has one rigid body for the body, and four rigid bodies for the wheels. We will assume that the two front wheels always act as a pair (same forces, same motion), and similarly for the two back wheels.
Again we start with the car stationary, and on the we see the balance of vertical forces. Remember that the force shown on each wheel is really doubled, as there are two front and two rear wheels.
If we now , then we see a clockwise moment applied to the rear (driving) wheels. This causes the wheel to rotate, but friction forces means that it must roll without slipping, so there must be a forward contact force causing it to accelerate forwards. Counteracting this is a backwards reaction force from the car on the wheel. On the car we see that there are equal and opposite forces and moments at the axles. Just as in the single rigid body case, we have a net horizontal force causing forward acceleration, and moment balance means that the weight of the car is transferred primarily to the rear wheels.
applies backwards moments to both wheels, causing them to slow down. To maintain non-slip, there is a backwards force from the ground at the point of contact. Because the wheel is slowing down, the car pushes forward on the axle. The ground/axle forces are trying to rotate the wheel forward, which must be counteracted by the braking moment. The braking moment is thus counteracting both the rotational inertia of the wheel, as well as the force couple from the ground/axle forces. Of these, the force couple is much larger (stopping a wheel without the car attached would be comparatively easy for the brakes). During braking we see again the weight being transferred to the front wheels.
More complex models
While we can learn a lot about car performance from the simple rigid body and multi-body models, there is a great deal of physics neglected by these models, which can be important for engineering design.
Both the car and the tires are deformable bodies. The deformation of the tire is responsible for the contact patch which generates the friction forces that allow a car to accelerate and brake. The physics of the frictional contact between the tire and ground can be very complex, as can the geometry of the tire. Modern tires have complex tread patterns with grooves and lugs that are designed to channel away water and snow, maintaining traction even in challenging conditions.
As well as being individually deformable, the wheels are are not rigidly connected to the car body as above, but they are actually connected by a suspension system, consisting of linkages, springs, and shock absorbers. These enable both a comfortable ride and safe handling of the vehicle.
The simple models above included a simple model of air resistance, but they neglected rolling resistance. This is the force primarily produced by the tire being compressed and re-expanded at the contact with the ground as it rolls, producing a backward force on the wheel. Using steel wheels on steel can result in trains having up to ten times lower coefficients of rolling resistance than car tires, which is one reason for the efficiency of rail transport.
There is evidence that the wrinkling of fingers in water may serve the same purpose as tread patters on tires, improving traction in wet conditions by forming channels to carry away water. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that finger wrinkling relies on an active nervous system response, meaning that the fingers of corpses cannot wrinkle (but what about zombies' fingers?).
Brake system design
The above model shows equal brake force applied on the front and rear wheels. This both inefficient and dangerous, as the rear wheels will lock while the front wheels are still turning. See #avs for steering and sliding. We want to apply more force on the front brakes, so that we can deliver the most total force while still having no sliding. This can be achieved by electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) systems, however traditional systems are also possible.
The basic outline of a brake system is that the brake pedal pushes on a master cylinder, which compresses hydraulic brake fluid in the brake lines. This then pushes on slave cylinders in each wheel, which push the brake pads onto the brake rotors (for disc brakes; drum brakes are somewhat different). The combination of slave cylinders and brake pads and their housing is called a brake caliper.
To apply more force to the front brakes, one simple system used in practice is to have the front-wheel slave cylinders have a larger diameter than those on the rear wheels. Because the pressure in the brake lines is the same everywhere, the force exerted by the pistons is proportional to their cross-sectional area, resulting in more force with the larger-diameter front-wheel cylinders.
Modern cars use more advanced systems. The master cylinder typically contains two pistons in a parallel arrangement, so that it can apply pressure to the front or rear brake lines even if the other brake line develops a leak. A metering valve applies pressure to the rear brakes before the front, improving vehicle steering stability and allowing mixed drum/disc systems to be used. A pressure differential valve detects brake hydraulic leaks by sensing different front/rear line pressures. A proportioning valve assists with applying a different pressure distribution to the rear brakes.
Car model
This is a 1965 Ford Mustang Fastback. The mass of the car body is 1100 kg and each of the wheels has mass 20 kg, giving a total mass of 1180 kg. We assume that the wheels are uniform cylinders. The dimensions of the car are shown below.
|
\[\begin{aligned} h_1 &= {0.31\rm\ m} & \ell_1 &= {0.98\rm\ m} \\ h_2 &= {0.29\rm\ m} & \ell_2 &= {1.41\rm\ m} \\ h_3 &= {0.79\rm\ m} & \ell_3 &= {1.41\rm\ m} \\ & & \ell_4 &= {0.80\rm\ m} \end{aligned}\] |
The force of air resistance was computed above using the quadratic drag equation which is a good approximation for medium- to high-velocity motion in air:
\[F_{\rm D} = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 C_{\rm D} A\]
Here \(F_{\rm D}\) is the drag force, \(\rho = 1.23\rm\ kg/m^3\) is the air density, \(v\) is the velocity, \(C_{\rm D}\) is the drag coefficient (taken to be 0.3 for the Mustang), and \(A\) is the reference area (approximately the cross-sectional area, taken to be \(2.2\rm\ m^2\) for the Mustang).


@* * Copyright 2021 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.viewmodels.GoodsSummaryList @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.model.api.DeclarationGoods @import uk.gov.hmrc.merchandiseinbaggage.controllers.routes._ @this(summaryList: GovukSummaryList) @(declarationGoods: DeclarationGoods)(implicit messages: Messages) @for((list, idx) <- GoodsSummaryList.summaryList(declarationGoods).zipWithIndex) { @summaryList(list)
}


Florida’s hepatitis A outbreak prompts vaccine push
ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. (AP) - The Tampa Bay area has been hit especially hard by hepatitis A cases this year.
The region has led the state this year with 466 new hepatitis A cases in Pasco County, 369 in Pinellas County and 145 in Hillsborough.
The Tampa Bay Times reports that Pinellas health officials were the first in Florida to deploy “foot teams” into areas where people at risk for hepatitis A tend to gather. They’ve administered 789 vaccines since May. Now, other counties are undertaking similar efforts.
Since January 2018, Florida has recorded 3,395 cases of hepatitis A. The virus affects the liver and spreads through contaminated feces. It causes symptoms like fever, dark urine, yellow-tinged skin or eyes, fatigue and gastric issues. People pass it along by eating or drinking tainted food or water, or through sex.
Since 2016, outbreaks have hit 29 states, beginning in California and Michigan, Kaiser Health News reports. More than 25,000 cases have been reported nationally in the last year.
In the Tampa Bay area, reports of food service workers infecting others at local restaurants have dominated the news coverage about hepatitis A. Workers who handle food and don’t wash their hands after using the restroom or forgo using gloves can pass the virus onto others.
Public health experts say the majority of hepatitis A cases come from white men in their young adult years to middle age. Most are transient, with limited access to sanitation methods and are more commonly drug users.
Free hepatitis A vaccines are part of an aggressive effort to beat back an outbreak that recently prompted Florida Surgeon General Scott Rivkees to declare a statewide emergency.
The local health department has already visited one motel in St. Petersburg three times this year. It’s where people rent rooms by the hour, the month, and anything in between. Many of the renters would be homeless, and are at risk for hepatitis A.
Information from: Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.), http://www.tampabay.com.
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Focals for Essential services (Central Region) - DZO posted on 14-Aug
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Neti:
I was also a famous Treasure Hunter when I was young... I was the one who retrieved the legendary Star Sapphire Crown from the Lost Harenak. In those days, they called me Aden's silver fox.
You've never heard of that name? Sigh... Well, it was a very long time ago...


The Science Automation Technologies Research Group SciTech at the USC Information Sciences Institute aims to empower the scientific community by conducting research and software development in the area of automation of scientific computing, providing tools such as workflow management systems like Pegasus. As a result, scientists can focus on their research questions, while our open-source tools provide the computational foundations to seamlessly run their experiments and analyses in local and distributed resources. Our areas of focus are workflow management systems, resource scheduling and provisioning, cyberinfrastructure management and deployment, applied machine learning, and modeling and simulation of distributed computing systems.
In the past academic year, the SciTech Group has included a number of MS and undergraduate students and we wanted to provide a forum for them to publicize the work they have been doing. Therefore, SciTech has partnered with our colleagues Kerk Kee from Texas Tech University and Chuck Vardeman from the University of Notre Dame to hold a forum for students where scholarly and creative work by students will be showcased to the community. We call this get together the SciTech & Friends Research Symposium.


Canceled is the error returned by Context.Err when the context is canceled.
var Canceled = context.Canceled
DeadlineExceeded is the error returned by Context.Err when the context's deadline passes.
var DeadlineExceeded = context.DeadlineExceeded
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
WithCancel returns a copy of parent with a new Done channel. The returned context's Done channel is closed when the returned cancel function is called or when the parent context's Done channel is closed, whichever happens first.
Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.
func WithDeadline(parent Context, deadline time.Time) (Context, CancelFunc)
WithDeadline returns a copy of the parent context with the deadline adjusted to be no later than d. If the parent's deadline is already earlier than d, WithDeadline(parent, d) is semantically equivalent to parent. The returned context's Done channel is closed when the deadline expires, when the returned cancel function is called, or when the parent context's Done channel is closed, whichever happens first.
Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete.
func WithTimeout(parent Context, timeout time.Duration) (Context, CancelFunc)
WithTimeout returns WithDeadline(parent, time.Now().Add(timeout)).
Canceling this context releases resources associated with it, so code should call cancel as soon as the operations running in this Context complete:
func slowOperationWithTimeout(ctx context.Context) (Result, error) { ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond) defer cancel() // releases resources if slowOperation completes before timeout elapses return slowOperation(ctx) }
▹ Example
A CancelFunc tells an operation to abandon its work. A CancelFunc does not wait for the work to stop. After the first call, subsequent calls to a CancelFunc do nothing.
type CancelFunc = context.CancelFunc
A Context carries a deadline, a cancelation signal, and other values across API boundaries.
Context's methods may be called by multiple goroutines simultaneously.
type Context = context.Context
func Background() Context
Background returns a non-nil, empty Context. It is never canceled, has no values, and has no deadline. It is typically used by the main function, initialization, and tests, and as the top-level Context for incoming requests.
func TODO() Context
TODO returns a non-nil, empty Context. Code should use context.TODO when it's unclear which Context to use or it is not yet available (because the surrounding function has not yet been extended to accept a Context parameter). TODO is recognized by static analysis tools that determine whether Contexts are propagated correctly in a program.
func WithValue(parent Context, key interface{}, val interface{}) Context
WithValue returns a copy of parent in which the value associated with key is val.
Use context Values only for request-scoped data that transits processes and APIs, not for passing optional parameters to functions.


--- layout: pattern category: text name: em usage: Represents stress emphasis of its contents. The placement of stress emphasis changes the meaning of the sentence. The element thus forms an integral part of the content. The precise way in which stress is used in this way depends on the language. ---
Cats are cute animals.


Please choose 'View Source' in your browser to view the HTML, or File | Save to save this file to your hard drive for editing.
FPlot is a program and a library for plotting and fitting mathematical functions and measurement data. The functions are entered as C# source code and compiled on the fly. You can also edit and compile C# libraries your functions can refer to. It is also possible to differentiate and integrate numerically in your functions. You can of course also refer to external .NET libraries from your functions. This makes FPlot a very flexible and fast plotting and fitting tool.
The FPlot application is shareware, and the library is freeware. The library
implements most of the functionality that is found in the application. If you download FPlot from the
Homepage,
there are some sample VisualStudio projects, that show some of the capabilities of the library.
The library implements a System.Windows.Forms
control that
displays functions and data. Here is an image of some data fitted with three gauss curves:
The library also implements a WebControl you can include in an ASP.NET Webpage to plot functions. You can view an example of such a Webpage at www.johnshope.com/fplot/demo.
Create a new WinForms Project. Now choose a Form and drag the PlotControl control onto the Form. Name the control "plot". Now in the contsructor of the Form enter the following code:
InitializeComponent();
Function1DItem gauss = new Function1DItem(); // create a new 1D function
//The source below represents the body of the following function:
//double[] p;
//double f(double x) {
// ...
//}
//The array p is an array of function parameters (that can be fitted for).
gauss.Source = @"
double arg = (x-p[0])/p[1];
return p[2]*exp(-arg*arg);
";
gauss.Compile(); // compile the function
gauss.p[0] = 1; // the position of the curve's peak
gauss.p[1] = 1; // the width of the peak
gauss.p[2] = 4; // the height of the peak
plot.Model.Add(gauss);
plot.Model.SetRange(-1.8, 1.8, -0.2, 4.3); // sets the plot range.
Create an ASP.NET page mandelbrot.aspx like the following:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="mandelbrot.aspx.cs"
Inherits="_mandelbrot"%>
<%@ Register TagPrefix="fplot" Assembly="JohnsHope.FPlot.Library"
Namespace="JohnsHope.FPlot.Library.Web" %>

<title>FPlot Web Demo</title>

<form id="form" runat="server">

The Mandelbrot Set

<fplot:PlotImage id="plot" runat="server" Height="354px" Width="493px"
TempPath="~/temp" EnableZooming="true" />

You can zoom in or out by dragging over the images with the left mouse
button pressed. If you press the shift key during dragging, you will zoom out.

</form>

with the Code-Behind File mandelbrot.aspx.cs:
using System;
using JohnsHope.FPlot.Library;
public partial class _mandelbrot : System.Web.UI.Page {
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) {
if (!Page.IsPostBack) {
Function2DItem mandelbrot = new Function2DItem(); // create a new 2D function
//The source below represents the body of the following function:
//double[] p;
//double f(double x, double y) {
// ...
//}
mandelbrot.Source = @"
double xn = 0, yn = 0, x2 = 0, y2 = 0;
for (int n = 0; n
 4) return n;
}
return -1;
";
mandelbrot.Compile(); // compile the function
mandelbrot.p[0] = 500; // set the maximum of iterations value to 500
mandelbrot.Gradient = new RainbowGradient();
// sets the color gradient used to plot the function to a rainbow gradient.
plot.Model.SetRange(-2.3, 1.3, -1.3, 1.3, 0, 20); // sets the plot range.
plot.Model.FixXtoY = true; // set FixXtoY to true, so x- and y-scale will be proportional.
plot.Model.Add(mandelbrot);
}
}
}


|
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
||
Tcl_UpVar, Tcl_UpVar2 - link one variable to another
#include <tcl.h>
int
Tcl_UpVar(interp, frameName, sourceName, destName,
flags)
int
Tcl_UpVar2(interp, frameName, name1, name2, destName,
flags)
Tcl_UpVar and Tcl_UpVar2 provide the same functionality as the upvar command: they make a link from a source variable to a destination variable, so that references to the destination are passed transparently through to the source. The name of the source variable may be specified either as a single string such as xyx or a(24) (by calling Tcl_UpVar) or in two parts where the array name has been separated from the element name (by calling Tcl_UpVar2). The destination variable name is specified in a single string; it may not be an array element.
Both procedures return either TCL_OK or TCL_ERROR, and they leave an error message in the interpreter's result if an error occurs.
As with the upvar command, the source variable need not exist; if it does exist, unsetting it later does not destroy the link. The destination variable may exist at the time of the call, but if so it must exist as a linked variable.
linked variable, upvar, variable
Copyright © 1994 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


This is the atto webserver's base Docker image.
In order to publish your content:
- build your own image based on costela/atto
- copy your content into the
/www
folder inside the image
This is the atto webserver's base Docker image.
In order to publish your content:
/www
folder inside the image


| Hero: | Offense: / | Defense: / | Health: / |
| Monster: | Offense: / | Defense: / | Health: / |
Click the Roll Dice button to begin the combat! The first die is the hero's Offense roll.  The third die is the monster's Offense roll.
To the extent possible under law,
Michael K. Eidson
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JavaScript Animated D6 Dice Roller.
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Ndidi poised for 100th EPL game
by Johnny EdwardJohnny Edward
Wilfred Ndidi will make his 100th Premier League appearance for Leicester City if he features in Saturday’s home clash against Brighton, Sports Extra reports.
The Nigeria international will join the elite list of Nigerian players to have made a centurion of appearances in the EPL.
Nwankwo Kanu, Yakubu Aiyegbeni, Mikel Obi, Joseph Yobo, Victor Moses and Alex Iwobi are the notable Nigerians to have surpasssed the milestone.
The 22-year-old midfielder joined the Foxes from Belgian club, Genk, for £17m in 2016 and has been an integral part of the club, racking in 99 appearances and scoring six times.
With Leicester, Ndidi has recorded 40 wins and drawn 37, with 13 ending in defeats.
He made his EPL debut for Leicester City in a 3-0 loss to Chelsea at Stamford Bridge and went on to make 17 appearances in his debut season, scoring twice.
Ahead of Saturday’s game, Brendan Rodgers extolled Ndidi’s virtues admitting that the former Nath FC player remains a vital part of his team.
“You can only do that so much when you defend well and you have to be able to press the game,” Rodgers told Leicester City Mercury.
“From the very top of the pitch from Jamie Vardy, who is tactically so good – he (Ndidi) is that reference to start our press.
“And then whenever we can, we are tight on our lines and win it.
“Ndidi is a key part of our game, and he recognises where it looks good but every player collectively has a job to do, on how to read the game and press the game.”
Leicester City are currently second in the EPL table, eight points behind Liverpool on 26 points.
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All rights reserved. This material, and other digital content on this website, may not be reproduced, published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or in part without prior express written permission from PUNCH.
Contact: editor@punchng.com


what is an object?
|
what is a value?
|
int a = 1; int b = 1;
⇒ a == b (equivalent)
⇒ &a != &b (not identical)
char a = 1; int b = 1;
⇒ a == b (equivalent)
⇒ &a != &b (not identical)
const char *c = "ab"; std::string s = "ab";
⇒ c == s (equivalent)
⇒ &c != &s (not identical, does not compile)
what we can already see:
a programming style..
void scale(std::vector&v, const double &x) { for (size_t i = 0; i != v.size(); ++i) v[i] /= x; }
what do we actually want here?
→ modify v by scaling each of it's elements by some factor x
is it even correct to get x by reference? NO!
what if we called it that way:
scale(v, v[0])
passing x by reference introduced a hidden dependency,
causing a side-effect in our example
in general with using references we are referring to remote objects,
making the code more complicated, because it prohibits local reasoning
that's where we go much easier with values!
⇓
void scale(std::vector&v, double x) { for (size_t i = 0; i != v.size(); ++i) v[i] /= x; }
why do we so often tend to use references,
even if semantically there is no need to?
because references were always known
to be more efficient
→ c++ devs are used to optimize their code manually
→ sometimes on the cost of code simplicity
the interesting point is:
with using a reference we declared identity, where we only needed equivalence!
for the compiler this means our declaration is more restrictive! it has less freedom to optimize
with value semantics we get better code
and take advantage of automatic optimization
"tell the compiler that you are interested in values rather than objects,
and the compiler chooses the best tool to implement your intentions"
(Andrzej Krzemieński)
as-if rule: [...] an implementation is free to disregard any requirement of this International Standard as long as the result is as if the requirement had been obeyed, as far as can be determined from the observable behavior of the program.
(§1.9.1, ISO C++11 Standard)
→ in general the compiler can perform arbitrary optimizations as long as it results in the same behavior
copy elision: When certain criteria are met, an implementation is allowed to omit the copy/move construction of a class object, even if the copy/move constructor and/or destructor for the object have side effects.
(§12.8.31, ISO C++11 Standard)
→ copies and moves are made “in principle”, the compiler is allowed to optimize them away
→ regarding the as-if rule, copy/move have predefined semantics
copy/move construction should only be implemented explicitly for:
otherwise the compiler generated ones should be just fine (they simply copy all members on copy and move all members on move)
to be discussed design-wise: prefer rule of zero, rule of five defaults or
defaulted c/d-tors with assign by value?
...
...
things are easy as long as we deal with unique values
(like arithmetic values, dates, etc.)
e.g. we have a lot of different representations of the decimal integer 5:
→ try to model your own types as regular types
A regular type is one that is a model of Assignable, DefaultConstructible, EqualityComparable, and one in which these expressions interact in the expected way. For example, after x = y, we may assume that x == y is true.
in general a type's public interface should ensure this:
if (a == b) { op1(a); op1(b); assert(a == b); op2(a); op2(b); assert(a == b); op3(a); op3(b); assert(a == b); op4(a); op4(b); assert(a == b); }
in math what we talk about is called an equivalence relation:
obviously operator== must define an equivalence relation
symmetry ⇒ it's best to define operator== free-standing!
for a more technical explanation see: John Lakos, "Value Semantics" (2014), p. 193 ff
given two std::vector's differing only in their capacity()
are they equivalent?
..let's have a look at some simpler examples first..
class point_t { public: int x() const; int y() const; private: ... }; bool operator==(const point_t &lhs, const point_t &rhs) { return lhs.x() == rhs.x() && lhs.y() == rhs.y(); }
→ x and y are sometimes referred to as Salient Attributes
class box_t { public: int width() const; int height() const; point_t origin() const; private: ... }; bool operator==(const box_t &lhs, const box_t &rhs) { return lhs.width() == rhs.width() && lhs.height() == rhs.height() && lhs.origin() == rhs.origin(); }
→ typically compound objects are equal
if all their components are equal
→ recursive definition
class rational_t { public: int numerator() const; int denominator() const; private: ... }; bool operator==(const rational_t &lhs, const rational_t &rhs) { < implementation? > }
salient attributes? → ??
how is equality defined here? → n1 / d1 == n2 / d2
class rational_t { public: int num() const; int denom() const; private: ... }; bool operator==(const rational_t &lhs, const rational_t &rhs) { long long ext_fraction1 = (long long)lhs.num() * rhs.denom(); long long ext_fraction2 = (long long)rhs.num() * lhs.denom(); return ext_fraction1 == ext_fraction2; }
→ asking for salient attributes can be misleading
when comparing for equality, we need to ask:
→ std::vector::capacity() is there for technical reasons only:
→ std::vector::capacity() is an optimization:
in other words: when a and b are vectors with different capacities,
we still expect the same behavior!
if (a == b) { op1(a); op1(b); assert(a == b); op2(a); op2(b); assert(a == b); op3(a); op3(b); assert(a == b); op4(a); op4(b); assert(a == b); }
not every stateful object has a natural value
→ e.g. thread pool, mutex, scoped guard
not every type defines equality
→ e.g. graphs, they define isomorphy which is structural equivalence
→ std::function objects cannot be compared for equality at all
to be discussed: should we explicitly delete respective
operators and constructors to achieve "restricted-regularity"?
there is one issue when working with values all the time..
we don't have polymorphism!
because that requires aliases which requires referenceness
as a solution for this, Sean Parent proposes:
"polymorphism as an implementation detail"
John Lakos - Value Samentics (2014)
https://rawgit.com/boostcon/cppnow_presentations_2014/master/files/accu2015.140518.pdf
Sean Parent - Value Semantics and Concept Based Polymorphism
https://parasol.tamu.edu/people/bs/622-GP/value-semantics.pdf
Andrzej Krzemieński - Comprehensie Blog Post on Value Semantics
http://akrzemi1.wordpress.com/2012/02/03/value-semantics/
Martinho Fernandes - The Rule of Zero
http://flamingdangerzone.com/cxx11/2012/08/15/rule-of-zero.html
Scott Meyers - The Rule of.. Five Defaults?
http://scottmeyers.blogspot.de/2014/03/a-concern-about-rule-of-zero.html


This is index.html, shown as default. You can access the other file like localhost:[#PORT]/otherfile.html like this .. LINKAnd another file will pop up in your browser. Detail is in README.md


Jayne Middlemiss's panel show appearances
Jayne Middlemiss (born 1971-02-03[ref]) has appeared in 13 episodes between 1998-2007. Jayne Middlemiss on IMDB. Jayne Middlemiss on Wikipedia.
- 2007-12-18 / Loose Women
- 2007-10-11 / Loose Women
- 2007-03-29 / Loose Women
- 2006-06-09 / 8 Out of 10 Cats
- 2005-07-29 / 8 Out of 10 Cats
- 2003-10-20 / Never Mind The Buzzcocks
- 2003-08-15 / Loose Women
- 2003-08-14 / Loose Women
- 2003-07-29 / Loose Women
- 1999-09-27 / Loose Women
- 1999-09-10 / Never Mind The Buzzcocks
- 1999-07-08 / It's Only TV But I Like It
- 1998-10-02 / Never Mind The Buzzcocks


{% if instance.get_absolute_url %}
{% endif %}
{% if instance.get_item %}
{# Handle relation objects where we want to point to the target, rather than the relation #}
{% include "icekit/partials/preview_link.html" with obj=instance.get_item %}
{% else %}
{% include "icekit/partials/preview_link.html" with obj=instance %}
{% endif %}


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 The first b
indices index a
batch member. For every batch index (i1,...,ib)
, A[i1,...,ib, : :]
is
an N x N
matrix. This matrix A
is not materialized, but for
purposes of broadcasting this shape will be relevant.
If A
is block circulant, with block sizes N0, N1
(N0 * N1 = N
):
A
has a block circulant structure, composed of N0 x N0
blocks, with each
block an N1 x N1
circulant matrix.
For example, with W
, X
, Y
, Z
each circulant,
A = |W Z Y X| |X W Z Y| |Y X W Z| |Z Y X W|
Note that A
itself will not in general be circulant.
There is an equivalent description in terms of the [batch] spectrum H
and
Fourier transforms. Here we consider A.shape = [N, N]
and ignore batch
dimensions.
If H.shape = [N0, N1]
, (N0 * N1 = N
):
Loosely speaking, matrix multiplication is equal to the action of a
Fourier multiplier: A u = IDFT2[ H DFT2[u] ]
.
Precisely speaking, given [N, R]
matrix u
, let DFT2[u]
be the
[N0, N1, R]
Tensor
defined by re-shaping u
to [N0, N1, R]
and taking
a two dimensional DFT across the first two dimensions. Let IDFT2
be the
inverse of DFT2
. Matrix multiplication may be expressed columnwise:
(A u)_r = IDFT2[ H * (DFT2[u])_r ]
Real{H} > 0
.A general property of Fourier transforms is the correspondence between Hermitian functions and real valued transforms.
Suppose H.shape = [B1,...,Bb, N0, N1]
, we say that H
is a Hermitian
spectrum if, with %
indicating modulus division,
H[..., n0 % N0, n1 % N1] = ComplexConjugate[ H[..., (-n0) % N0, (-n1) % N1 ].
H
is Hermitian.H
is real.See e.g. "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Oppenheim and Schafer.
# spectrum is real ==> operator is self-adjoint # spectrum is positive ==> operator is positive definite spectrum = [[1., 2., 3.], [4., 5., 6.], [7., 8., 9.]] operator = LinearOperatorCirculant2D(spectrum) # IFFT[spectrum] operator.convolution_kernel() ==> [[5.0+0.0j, -0.5-.3j, -0.5+.3j], [-1.5-.9j, 0, 0], [-1.5+.9j, 0, 0]] operator.to_dense() ==> Complex self adjoint 9 x 9 matrix.
# convolution_kernel is real ==> spectrum is Hermitian. convolution_kernel = [[1., 2., 1.], [5., -1., 1.]] spectrum = tf.signal.fft2d(tf.cast(convolution_kernel, tf.complex64)) # spectrum is shape [2, 3] ==> operator is shape [6, 6] # spectrum is Hermitian ==> operator is real. operator = LinearOperatorCirculant2D(spectrum, input_output_dtype=tf.float32)
Suppose operator
is a LinearOperatorCirculant
of shape [N, N]
,
and x.shape = [N, R]
. Then
operator.matmul(x)
is O(R*N*Log[N])
operator.solve(x)
is O(R*N*Log[N])
operator.determinant()
involves a size N
reduce_prod
.If instead operator
and x
have shape [B1,...,Bb, N, N]
and
[B1,...,Bb, N, R]
, every operation increases in complexity by B1*...*Bb
.
This LinearOperator
is initialized with boolean flags of the form is_X
,
for X = non_singular, self_adjoint, positive_definite, square
.
These have the following meaning
* If is_X == True
, callers should expect the operator to have the
property X
. This is a promise that should be fulfilled, but is not a
runtime assert. For example, finite floating point precision may result
in these promises being violated.
* If is_X == False
, callers should expect the operator to not have X
.
* If is_X == None
(the default), callers should have no expectation either
way.
__init__
__init__( spectrum, input_output_dtype=tf.dtypes.complex64, is_non_singular=None, is_self_adjoint=None, is_positive_definite=None, is_square=True, name='LinearOperatorCirculant2D' )
Initialize an LinearOperatorCirculant2D
.
This LinearOperator
is initialized to have shape [B1,...,Bb, N, N]
by providing spectrum
, a [B1,...,Bb, N0, N1]
Tensor
with N0*N1 = N
.
If input_output_dtype = DTYPE
:
matmul
or solve
must be DTYPE
.matmul
or determinant
will be
cast to DTYPE
.Note that if the spectrum is not Hermitian, then this operator corresponds
to a complex matrix with non-zero imaginary part. In this case, setting
input_output_dtype
to a real type will forcibly cast the output to be
real, resulting in incorrect results!
If on the other hand the spectrum is Hermitian, then this operator
corresponds to a real-valued matrix, and setting input_output_dtype
to
a real type is fine.
spectrum
: Shape [B1,...,Bb, N]
Tensor
. Allowed dtypes: float16
,
float32
, float64
, complex64
, complex128
. Type can be different
than input_output_dtype
input_output_dtype
: dtype
for input/output.is_non_singular
: Expect that this operator is non-singular.is_self_adjoint
: Expect that this operator is equal to its hermitian
transpose. If spectrum
is real, this will always be true.is_positive_definite
: Expect that this operator is positive definite,
meaning the quadratic form x^H A x
has positive real part for all
nonzero x
. Note that we do not require the operator to be
self-adjoint to be positive-definite. See:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-definite_matrix\
#Extension_for_non_symmetric_matricesis_square
: Expect that this operator acts like square [batch] matrices.name
: A name to prepend to all ops created by this class.H
Returns the adjoint of the current LinearOperator
.
Given A
representing this LinearOperator
, return A*
.
Note that calling self.adjoint()
and self.H
are equivalent.
name
: A name for this Op
.LinearOperator
which represents the adjoint of this LinearOperator
.
batch_shape
TensorShape
of batch dimensions of this LinearOperator
.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns
TensorShape([B1,...,Bb])
, equivalent to A.get_shape()[:-2]
TensorShape
, statically determined, may be undefined.
block_depth
Depth of recursively defined circulant blocks defining this Operator
.
With A
the dense representation of this Operator
,
block_depth = 1
means A
is symmetric circulant. For example,
A = |w z y x| |x w z y| |y x w z| |z y x w|
block_depth = 2
means A
is block symmetric circulant with symemtric
circulant blocks. For example, with W
, X
, Y
, Z
symmetric circulant,
A = |W Z Y X| |X W Z Y| |Y X W Z| |Z Y X W|
block_depth = 3
means A
is block symmetric circulant with block
symmetric circulant blocks.
Python integer
.
block_shape
domain_dimension
Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the domain of this operator.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns N
.
Dimension
object.
dtype
The DType
of Tensor
s handled by this LinearOperator
.
graph_parents
List of graph dependencies of this LinearOperator
.
is_non_singular
is_positive_definite
is_self_adjoint
is_square
Return True/False
depending on if this operator is square.
range_dimension
Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the range of this operator.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns M
.
Dimension
object.
shape
TensorShape
of this LinearOperator
.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns
TensorShape([B1,...,Bb, M, N])
, equivalent to A.get_shape()
.
TensorShape
, statically determined, may be undefined.
spectrum
tensor_rank
Rank (in the sense of tensors) of matrix corresponding to this operator.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns b + 2
.
name
: A name for this Op
.Python integer, or None if the tensor rank is undefined.
add_to_tensor
add_to_tensor( x, name='add_to_tensor' )
Add matrix represented by this operator to x
. Equivalent to A + x
.
x
: Tensor
with same dtype
and shape broadcastable to self.shape
.name
: A name to give this Op
.A Tensor
with broadcast shape and same dtype
as self
.
adjoint
adjoint(name='adjoint')
Returns the adjoint of the current LinearOperator
.
Given A
representing this LinearOperator
, return A*
.
Note that calling self.adjoint()
and self.H
are equivalent.
name
: A name for this Op
.LinearOperator
which represents the adjoint of this LinearOperator
.
assert_hermitian_spectrum
assert_hermitian_spectrum(name='assert_hermitian_spectrum')
Returns an Op
that asserts this operator has Hermitian spectrum.
This operator corresponds to a real-valued matrix if and only if its spectrum is Hermitian.
name
: A name to give this Op
.An Op
that asserts this operator has Hermitian spectrum.
assert_non_singular
assert_non_singular(name='assert_non_singular')
Returns an Op
that asserts this operator is non singular.
This operator is considered non-singular if
ConditionNumber < max{100, range_dimension, domain_dimension} * eps, eps := np.finfo(self.dtype.as_numpy_dtype).eps
name
: A string name to prepend to created ops.An Assert
Op
, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError
if
the operator is singular.
assert_positive_definite
assert_positive_definite(name='assert_positive_definite')
Returns an Op
that asserts this operator is positive definite.
Here, positive definite means that the quadratic form x^H A x
has positive
real part for all nonzero x
. Note that we do not require the operator to
be self-adjoint to be positive definite.
name
: A name to give this Op
.An Assert
Op
, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError
if
the operator is not positive definite.
assert_self_adjoint
assert_self_adjoint(name='assert_self_adjoint')
Returns an Op
that asserts this operator is self-adjoint.
Here we check that this operator is exactly equal to its hermitian transpose.
name
: A string name to prepend to created ops.An Assert
Op
, that, when run, will raise an InvalidArgumentError
if
the operator is not self-adjoint.
batch_shape_tensor
batch_shape_tensor(name='batch_shape_tensor')
Shape of batch dimensions of this operator, determined at runtime.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns a Tensor
holding
[B1,...,Bb]
.
name
: A name for this Op
.int32
Tensor
block_shape_tensor
block_shape_tensor()
Shape of the block dimensions of self.spectrum
.
cholesky
cholesky(name='cholesky')
Returns a Cholesky factor as a LinearOperator
.
Given A
representing this LinearOperator
, if A
is positive definite
self-adjoint, return L
, where A = L L^T
, i.e. the cholesky
decomposition.
name
: A name for this Op
.LinearOperator
which represents the lower triangular matrix
in the Cholesky decomposition.
ValueError
: When the LinearOperator
is not hinted to be positive
definite and self adjoint.convolution_kernel
convolution_kernel(name='convolution_kernel')
Convolution kernel corresponding to self.spectrum
.
The D
dimensional DFT of this kernel is the frequency domain spectrum of
this operator.
name
: A name to give this Op
.Tensor
with dtype
self.dtype
.
determinant
determinant(name='det')
Determinant for every batch member.
name
: A name for this Op
.Tensor
with shape self.batch_shape
and same dtype
as self
.
NotImplementedError
: If self.is_square
is False
.diag_part
diag_part(name='diag_part')
Efficiently get the [batch] diagonal part of this operator.
If this operator has shape [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, this returns a
Tensor
diagonal
, of shape [B1,...,Bb, min(M, N)]
, where
diagonal[b1,...,bb, i] = self.to_dense()[b1,...,bb, i, i]
.
my_operator = LinearOperatorDiag([1., 2.]) # Efficiently get the diagonal my_operator.diag_part() ==> [1., 2.] # Equivalent, but inefficient method tf.linalg.diag_part(my_operator.to_dense()) ==> [1., 2.]
name
: A name for this Op
.diag_part
: A Tensor
of same dtype
as self.domain_dimension_tensor
domain_dimension_tensor(name='domain_dimension_tensor')
Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the domain of this operator.
Determined at runtime.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns N
.
name
: A name for this Op
.int32
Tensor
inverse
inverse(name='inverse')
Returns the Inverse of this LinearOperator
.
Given A
representing this LinearOperator
, return a LinearOperator
representing A^-1
.
name
: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.LinearOperator
representing inverse of this matrix.
ValueError
: When the LinearOperator
is not hinted to be non_singular
.log_abs_determinant
log_abs_determinant(name='log_abs_det')
Log absolute value of determinant for every batch member.
name
: A name for this Op
.Tensor
with shape self.batch_shape
and same dtype
as self
.
NotImplementedError
: If self.is_square
is False
.matmul
matmul( x, adjoint=False, adjoint_arg=False, name='matmul' )
Transform [batch] matrix x
with left multiplication: x --> Ax
.
# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A. Assume A.shape = [..., M, N] operator = LinearOperator(...) operator.shape = [..., M, N] X = ... # shape [..., N, R], batch matrix, R > 0. Y = operator.matmul(X) Y.shape ==> [..., M, R] Y[..., :, r] = sum_j A[..., :, j] X[j, r]
x
: LinearOperator
or Tensor
with compatible shape and same dtype
as
self
. See class docstring for definition of compatibility.adjoint
: Python bool
. If True
, left multiply by the adjoint: A^H x
.adjoint_arg
: Python bool
. If True
, compute A x^H
where x^H
is
the hermitian transpose (transposition and complex conjugation).name
: A name for this Op
.A LinearOperator
or Tensor
with shape [..., M, R]
and same dtype
as self
.
matvec
matvec( x, adjoint=False, name='matvec' )
Transform [batch] vector x
with left multiplication: x --> Ax
.
# Make an operator acting like batch matric A. Assume A.shape = [..., M, N] operator = LinearOperator(...) X = ... # shape [..., N], batch vector Y = operator.matvec(X) Y.shape ==> [..., M] Y[..., :] = sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j]
x
: Tensor
with compatible shape and same dtype
as self
.
x
is treated as a [batch] vector meaning for every set of leading
dimensions, the last dimension defines a vector.
See class docstring for definition of compatibility.adjoint
: Python bool
. If True
, left multiply by the adjoint: A^H x
.name
: A name for this Op
.A Tensor
with shape [..., M]
and same dtype
as self
.
range_dimension_tensor
range_dimension_tensor(name='range_dimension_tensor')
Dimension (in the sense of vector spaces) of the range of this operator.
Determined at runtime.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns M
.
name
: A name for this Op
.int32
Tensor
shape_tensor
shape_tensor(name='shape_tensor')
Shape of this LinearOperator
, determined at runtime.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns a Tensor
holding
[B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, equivalent to tf.shape(A)
.
name
: A name for this Op
.int32
Tensor
solve
solve( rhs, adjoint=False, adjoint_arg=False, name='solve' )
Solve (exact or approx) R
(batch) systems of equations: A X = rhs
.
The returned Tensor
will be close to an exact solution if A
is well
conditioned. Otherwise closeness will vary. See class docstring for details.
# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A. Assume A.shape = [..., M, N] operator = LinearOperator(...) operator.shape = [..., M, N] # Solve R > 0 linear systems for every member of the batch. RHS = ... # shape [..., M, R] X = operator.solve(RHS) # X[..., :, r] is the solution to the r'th linear system # sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j, r] = RHS[..., :, r] operator.matmul(X) ==> RHS
rhs
: Tensor
with same dtype
as this operator and compatible shape.
rhs
is treated like a [batch] matrix meaning for every set of leading
dimensions, the last two dimensions defines a matrix.
See class docstring for definition of compatibility.adjoint
: Python bool
. If True
, solve the system involving the adjoint
of this LinearOperator
: A^H X = rhs
.adjoint_arg
: Python bool
. If True
, solve A X = rhs^H
where rhs^H
is the hermitian transpose (transposition and complex conjugation).name
: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.Tensor
with shape [...,N, R]
and same dtype
as rhs
.
NotImplementedError
: If self.is_non_singular
or is_square
is False.solvevec
solvevec( rhs, adjoint=False, name='solve' )
Solve single equation with best effort: A X = rhs
.
The returned Tensor
will be close to an exact solution if A
is well
conditioned. Otherwise closeness will vary. See class docstring for details.
# Make an operator acting like batch matrix A. Assume A.shape = [..., M, N] operator = LinearOperator(...) operator.shape = [..., M, N] # Solve one linear system for every member of the batch. RHS = ... # shape [..., M] X = operator.solvevec(RHS) # X is the solution to the linear system # sum_j A[..., :, j] X[..., j] = RHS[..., :] operator.matvec(X) ==> RHS
rhs
: Tensor
with same dtype
as this operator.
rhs
is treated like a [batch] vector meaning for every set of leading
dimensions, the last dimension defines a vector. See class docstring
for definition of compatibility regarding batch dimensions.adjoint
: Python bool
. If True
, solve the system involving the adjoint
of this LinearOperator
: A^H X = rhs
.name
: A name scope to use for ops added by this method.Tensor
with shape [...,N]
and same dtype
as rhs
.
NotImplementedError
: If self.is_non_singular
or is_square
is False.tensor_rank_tensor
tensor_rank_tensor(name='tensor_rank_tensor')
Rank (in the sense of tensors) of matrix corresponding to this operator.
If this operator acts like the batch matrix A
with
A.shape = [B1,...,Bb, M, N]
, then this returns b + 2
.
name
: A name for this Op
.int32
Tensor
, determined at runtime.
to_dense
to_dense(name='to_dense')
Return a dense (batch) matrix representing this operator.
trace
trace(name='trace')
Trace of the linear operator, equal to sum of self.diag_part()
.
If the operator is square, this is also the sum of the eigenvalues.
name
: A name for this Op
.Shape [B1,...,Bb]
Tensor
of same dtype
as self
.


Research & Life
- December 2015 ~Research focus: Subspace Clustering
- 1 December, 2015Currently looking for a PhD position in Computer Science research, starting from Fall 2016. My CV can be found here.
- 20 September, 2015Graduated from Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University.
Skills
- Over 2 years undergraduate research experience in Operations Research & Data Mining.
- Over 2 years industrial experience in Web System Development.
- Trilingual: English - Japanese - Vietnamese.
Others
- Love people.
- Favorite Kanji: 和 (Hoà).
- Play basketball since 16 | PG. CP3's follower.
- Passionate in programming, teaching, and talking.
- Born in Nha Trang city, Vietnam. Lived in Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam) & Beppu (Japan).
- Vietnamese name: Lê Quang Thái. Japanese name: レ クアン タイ.


Indian man charged with sexually assaulting a U.S. national in Afghanistan
by Khaama PressThe Department of Justice of the United States has announced that a federal grand jury has charged an Indian national with two accounts of aggravated sexual abuse and one account of abusive sexual contact.
According to a statement released by Department of Justice, the federal jury in the District of Columbia charted the 35-year-old Lokesh Naik with two counts of aggravated sexual abuse and one count of abusive sexual contract on on Nov. 6, 2019.
The statement further added “U.S. military authorities in Afghanistan arrested Naik on Nov. 8, 2019, and his initial appearance was held before U.S. Magistrate Judge Harvey via video teleconference, at which time Naik was ordered detained and removed to the United States pursuant to the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (MEJA).”
According to the indictment, on Aug. 7, while working as an employee of a U.S. military contractor on Operating Base Fenty, Afghanistan, Naik allegedly entered the room of a 24-year-old U.S. national and sexually assaulted her by force.
The Department of Justice also added in its statement that “The charges in the indictment are merely accusations, and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.”
Author
-
The Khaama Press News Agency is the leading and largest English news service for Afghanistan with over 3 million hits a month. Independent authors/columnists and experts are welcomed to contribute stories, opinions and editorials. Send stories to news@khaama.com.


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the money is to be paid.
........................................................................................................................... |


Oh, hey! Thanks for visiting my website. I'm Ayan, I hail from India and my interests include coffee and designing pixel-perfect stuff. Back in 2014, I taught myself web development and have been building websites ever since. Currently I work as a Frontend Developer.
My projects are always made with dynamic components, incorporating the latest design trends coupled with some of the latest technologies available. They are made from scratch, using only jQuery as a major library.


{% include "snippets/lightcontrol-per-group-row.html" with group="1" %}
{% include "snippets/lightcontrol-per-group-row.html" with group="2" %}
{% include "snippets/lightcontrol-per-group-row.html" with group="3" %}
{% include "snippets/lightcontrol-per-group-row.html" with group="4" %}
Arki
{% include "snippets/timed_lightcontrol.html" with action="morning-weekday" icon1="fa-chevron-circle-up" icon2="fa-sun-o" type="Aamu" %}
{% include "snippets/timed_lightcontrol.html" with action="evening-weekday" icon1="fa-arrow-right" icon2="fa-bed" type="Ilta" %}
Viikonloppu
{% include "snippets/timed_lightcontrol.html" with action="morning-weekend" icon1="fa-chevron-circle-up" icon2="fa-sun-o" type="Aamu" %}
{% include "snippets/timed_lightcontrol.html" with action="evening-weekend" icon1="fa-arrow-right" icon2="fa-bed" type="Ilta" %}


Hey everyone!
I'm Jingyi Feng :D
I'm so excited to release this new website that I just built!
I'm currently a User Experience designer working at FinTech industry in great NYC area. I graduated from Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center (which is a "mixed" master program hold by both Computer science and Design schools), mainly focusing on product design and creative UX solutions. I've worked on a number of interdisciplinary projects for different organizations, like Electronic Arts, DARPA and Google, helping mold the products/technology with "human centered" design insights. Prior to coming to the U.S., I interned at Alibaba in China, and received my B.S. degree in Industrial Design from Zhejiang University.
When away from the working desk, I love skiing, hiking, canoeing, reading, cooking, listening to diverse music, visiting unknown but interesting museums, and exploring new terrain!
My happy moments :
when I'm observing people, and listening to their stories.
when I find little beauty in ordinary things. Love discovering the world!
when I come up with creative solutions to the problems I'm tacling.


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}
User Manager
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
User Manager
  Create User
{% for user in object_list %}
#
Username
Delete
{% endfor %}
{{ forloop.counter }}
{{ user.username }}


| PostgreSQL 9.0.10 Documentation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix E. Release Notes | Next |
Release Date: 2009-02-02
This release contains a variety of fixes from 8.3.5. For information about new features in the 8.3 major release, see Section E.48.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 8.3.X. However, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 8.3.5, see the release notes for 8.3.5.
Make DISCARD ALL release advisory locks, in addition to everything it already did (Tom)
This was decided to be the most appropriate behavior. This could affect existing applications, however.
Fix whole-index GiST scans to work correctly (Teodor)
This error could cause rows to be lost if a table is clustered on a GiST index.
Fix crash of xmlconcat(NULL) (Peter)
Fix possible crash in ispell dictionary if high-bit-set characters are used as flags (Teodor)
This is known to be done by one widely available Norwegian dictionary, and the same condition may exist in others.
Fix misordering of pg_dump output for composite types (Tom)
The most likely problem was for user-defined operator classes to be dumped after indexes or views that needed them.
Improve handling of URLs in headline()
function (Teodor)
Improve handling of overlength headlines in headline()
function (Teodor)
Prevent possible Assert failure or misconversion if an encoding conversion is created with the wrong conversion function for the specified pair of encodings (Tom, Heikki)
Fix possible Assert failure if a statement executed in PL/pgSQL is rewritten into another kind of statement, for example if an INSERT is rewritten into an UPDATE (Heikki)
Ensure that a snapshot is available to datatype input functions (Tom)
This primarily affects domains that are declared with CHECK constraints involving user-defined stable or immutable functions. Such functions typically fail if no snapshot has been set.
Make it safer for SPI-using functions to be used within datatype I/O; in particular, to be used in domain check constraints (Tom)
Avoid unnecessary locking of small tables in VACUUM (Heikki)
Fix a problem that sometimes kept ALTER TABLE ENABLE/DISABLE RULE from being recognized by active sessions (Tom)
Fix a problem that made UPDATE RETURNING tableoid return zero instead of the correct OID (Tom)
Allow functions declared as taking ANYARRAY to work on the pg_statistic columns of that type (Tom)
This used to work, but was unintentionally broken in 8.3.
Fix planner misestimation of selectivity when transitive equality is applied to an outer-join clause (Tom)
This could result in bad plans for queries like ... from a left join b on a.a1 = b.b1 where a.a1 = 42 ...
Improve optimizer's handling of long IN lists (Tom)
This change avoids wasting large amounts of time on such lists when constraint exclusion is enabled.
Prevent synchronous scan during GIN index build (Tom)
Because GIN is optimized for inserting tuples in increasing TID order, choosing to use a synchronous scan could slow the build by a factor of three or more.
Ensure that the contents of a holdable cursor don't depend on the contents of TOAST tables (Tom)
Previously, large field values in a cursor result might be represented as TOAST pointers, which would fail if the referenced table got dropped before the cursor is read, or if the large value is deleted and then vacuumed away. This cannot happen with an ordinary cursor, but it could with a cursor that is held past its creating transaction.
Fix memory leak when a set-returning function is terminated without reading its whole result (Tom)
Fix encoding conversion problems in XML functions when the database encoding isn't UTF-8 (Tom)
Fix contrib/dblink's
dblink_get_result(text,bool)
function (Joe)
Fix possible garbage output from contrib/sslinfo functions (Tom)
Fix incorrect behavior of contrib/tsearch2 compatibility trigger when it's fired more than once in a command (Teodor)
Fix possible mis-signaling in autovacuum (Heikki)
Support running as a service on Windows 7 beta (Dave and Magnus)
Fix ecpg's handling of varchar structs (Michael)
Fix configure script to properly report failure when unable to obtain linkage information for PL/Perl (Andrew)
Make all documentation reference pgsql-bugs and/or pgsql-hackers as appropriate, instead of the now-decommissioned pgsql-ports and pgsql-patches mailing lists (Tom)
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2009a (for Kathmandu and historical DST corrections in Switzerland, Cuba)


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I'm a 24 y/o software developer based in Asunción, Paraguay. I graduated from Universidad Nacional de Asunción with a BA in Computer Science in 2019.
I'm working in software development since 2018 at Numero M S.A. On a day to day basis I work on both the front and backend of applications.
I'm mostly experienced in C#/.NET, Vue.js, Angular and related technologies, however, I am not limited to just these technologies, I am able of adapting to any tech stack.
We can chat over coffee.
If you have a project in mind, need a system for your business, or want to hire me for your company, feel free to contact me through my email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or my other networks.


Man must explore, and this is exploration at its greatest
Posted by Start Bootstrap on August 24, 2019


Plain of Tears [at32], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 147
Last updated Turn #129
Plain of Tears [at32], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 147
------------------------------------------------------------------------
26: It has become quite foggy.
30: The population grows by one peasant.
Routes leaving Plain of Tears:
North, plain, to Plain of Tears [as32], 7 days
East, plain, to Plain of Tears [at33], 7 days
Garrison [iv7w], garrison, uncontrolled, with ten peasants
South, plain, to Plain of Tears [au32], 7 days
Garrison [dx1p], garrison, uncontrolled, with six peasants
West, plain, to Plain of Tears [at31], 7 days
Garrison [jk7u], garrison, uncontrolled, with ten peasants
Inner locations:
Sacred grove [ae1o], sacred grove, 1 day, owner:
Chimera [dt4g], chimera, number: 5
Pasture [ae1p], pasture, 1 day, owner:
Centaur [cx6m], centaurs, number: 11
The province is blanketed in fog.
No one can be seen through the fog.


amFOSS Tasks
There were multiple languages used in the tasks.I didn’t know most of them but a little bit of googling and Youtube were a lot of help to me.
Tasks Completed:
- Install Ubuntu
- Star Me
- Codeforces and Hackerrank
- Ruby Scraper
- Get it using Javascript
- CLI app using Golang
- Rusted Email
- Captcha Breaking
- Website Setup
- A Pong Game
- Python Source
- Project Euler
- Bandit
0. Installing Ubuntu
In this task we were supposed to install ubuntu it was pretty straightforward but the encryption on the SSD was minor barrier as I had hard time disabling it.
1. Star Me
In this task we were supposed to star the amfoss repositories.To help us for the task we were given a script for the same.
In this task I learned the console in the inspect element of our browser.
2. Codeforces and Hackkerank
This task got me more familiar to the python syntax as some of them required lists etc.Some of them also required maths logic.
In this task I learned about different type of errors you get while solving such question.Most common error while submitting was the runtime error which sometimes required me to re-think my logic.
3. Ruby Scraper
This task was about scraping the google search result and showing them.So for this task we required some ruby “gems”(which was essentially libraries in python).So I gem installed all the gems individually to later learning that you can install all of them by using a GEMFILE.The gems I used for the task was nokogiri,byebug,HTTParty
In this task I learned about ruby syntax.The byebug gem was also an helpful gem as it helped in quickly finding the CSS element required to scrape google
4. Get it using javascript
In this task we were required to fetch the information of a github user by taking username as input we were required to make a html page for the same.This task was the hardest as graphql being a new api there was nothing about it except the official documentation.The main thing was making the query as it is a query language
In this task I learned about graphql and getelementbyid in html.
5. CLI app using Golang
In this task we were to make CLI app using go.In this the task the hardest part was for me to learn Golang specifically how to use API with it.The part to put the output in the text file was also a big problem for me as the twitter API gives you information in some unknown data type which was first to be converted to string.
In this task I learned about Golang and the twitter API usage in Golang
6. Rusted Email
In this task we were supposed to tell if the the email entered was valid or not using regex.Firstly I had to understand what regex was which was aided by youtube tutorials.The string input part was also hard to grasp.
In this task I learned about the basic syntax of rust,also about regex
7. Captcha Breaking
In this task we were supposed to extract basic text from an image.So for this task I thought of using the computer vision library but stumbled on the tesseract while researching on it.Tesseract ocr is basically the result of a well trained machine learning algorithm.
In this task I learned about tesseract ocr
8. Website Setup
In this task we are asked to make our own website(like this one) which required me to learn about jekyll templates.
In this task I learned about how to edit the template to user parameters
9. Pong Game
In this task we were supposed to make webpage with pong game.So for this task I had to learn about basic javascript for detecting the mouse position in html.The only problem the game is singleplayer due to its mouse as input nature.
Improved my html a little more also learned about mouse input in javascript
10. Python Source
In this task we were given a encoding program we are supposed to make a python script which decodes the hash we are given.The hardest part in the program was understanding the xor function.
I learned xor(Exclusive OR) also learned about various inbuilt functions like hex()
11. Project Euler
It has questions which are required to be solved using programming languages.The difficulty level was increasing per question by 4th and 5th question.I was getting errors so ended up on skipping those.
Strengthened my Python programming.
12. Bandit
They were questions which required us to find passwords using linux commands some of them were taught in our class but commands like ssh etc. were taught to me by google.
Learned about linux commands.


HEART AND SOULS A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1993 James Berardinelli
Rating (Linear 0 to 10): 3.1
Date Released: 8/13/93 Running Length: 1:44 Rated: PG-13 (Mature themes, language)
Starring: Robert Downey, Jr., Charles Grodin, Kyra Sedgwick, Alfre Woodard, Tom Sizemore, Elisabeth Shue Director: Ron Underwood Producer: Nancy Roberts and Sean Daniel Screenplay: Brent Maddock, S.S. Wilson, Gregory Hansen, and Erik Hansen Music: Marc Shaiman Released by Universal Pictures
One night in 1959, four people (Charles Grodin, Kyra Sedgwick, Alfre Woodard, and Tom Sizemore) board a city bus in San Francisco, each suffering a major life crisis. They are never given a chance to solve their problems because the bus crashes and all on board are killed. However, instead of being assumed into heaven (or the other place, as the case may be), they find themselves stuck on earth as the "imaginary friends" of just-born Thomas Reilly (who grows up to be Robert Downey, Jr.).  The separation isn't permanent, though. Twenty years later, they reappear to straighten out Thomas' life, as well as to set their own personal ghosts to rest, before they are whisked away to inhabit new bodies.
The above description attempts to capture some of the nuances of a needlessly-convoluted and poorly-conceived storyline that someone should have had the intelligence to pare down to reasonable levels. HEART AND SOULS, as is often the case with films scripted by four people, is at odds with itself, frequently not seeming to know where to go next and, on those occasions when it has a set direction, proceeding in the most confused and unsatisfying manner possible.
For nearly fifty years, film makers have been trying to recapture the drama and magic of Frank Capra's 1946 American classic IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE. To this date, no one has succeeded. HEART AND SOULS is yet another stab in the dark, and not only does it fail, but it turns out to be worse than many of the efforts before it. In retrospect, it's hard to find many good things to say about this movie.
The thing about IT'S A WONDERFUL LIFE is that it took its time developing the character of its protagonist, George Bailey. Not until the final quarter of the movie does the supernatural intervention occur. In HEART AND SOULS, while approximately a half-hour is spent setting the story up, there are too many characters to flesh out. None of them are sufficiently fleshed out, and the rest of the movie ends up falling flat because of it. Character identification is crucial in a film of this nature and, when it doesn't happen, the picture is doomed.
From start to finish, the script consciously and mechanically tries to manipulate the audience to laughter and tears. Partially as a result of being too obvious about its intentions and partially because of heavy-handed direction, it doesn't succeed. Most of the jokes aren't very funny and the scenes designed to strum the heart strings are more embarrassing that touching. When a rapport hasn't been developed between the characters and the audience, attempts to make us cry can end up looking rather silly.
HEART AND SOULS has a fine cast, which is why it's surprising that the acting is so lackluster. I suppose part of the blame can go to the behind-the-scenes team that "crafted" this dud, but the performers can't be absolved of all blame. Of the major participants, only Tom Sizemore does a reasonable job. Robert Downey, Jr., relies too much on what he did in CHAPLIN (whenever one of the spirits enters his body he gives a Tramp-like lurch). Kyra Sedgwick, Alfre Woodard, and Charles Grodin are flat, and Elisabeth Shue displays all the range of a water pistol. David Paymer, who was decent in Billy Crystal's MR. SATURDAY NIGHT, manages to be incredibly tedious in a small role as the bus driver.
 Chief among these is a concert given by B. B. King (appearing as himself) where Thomas, under the influence of Charles Grodin's Harrison Winslow, gives a throbbing rendition of the "Star Spangled Banner." There are also a few mildly humorous interludes with a police officer, although the conclusion of that particular subplot is laughably bad.
For all of its attempts to weave a spell on the audience, HEART AND SOULS manages to be annoyingly blatant in what it's trying to do. Nevertheless, if you're someone who drools over happy endings, this may be the movie for you (provided you can stomach the film's many other shortcomings). It doesn't just have one of these, but five, each more cloying than the one before. A rare treat for those who don't mind going into sugar shock.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Kendra’s Race 2014 Race Report
Pre-Race
I have been very excited for this race to come up, as it not only marks the first anniversary of my second race ever — I’ve come such a far ways since — but it also allowed me to go back to my alma mater: UCSB. I was lucky enough to be accompanied by Claire and the ride up to Santa Barbara was quick and beautiful. Although, there was a bit of trouble trying to find a place to stay, we eventually settled for Super 8 in Goleta, it was perfect located for the race, a mere 2 miles from the start. We decided to get some food, as this would be crucial for having the right nutrition for race day. So, we went to Whole Foods, where they have a wonderful selection of healthy foods and got almond milk, pre-mixed granola, fruit, yogurt and several other healthy things. After that was done, there was thing left to do: FREEBIRDS! This is a must when visiting Isla Vista, a true classic. Once we finished stuffing our faces with the famous Quesarito — if a quesadilla and a burrito had a kid, this is what it would look like — we retreated back to the motel and called it a night.Race Day
Luckily, it was a very straight shot to get to the transition zone and the parking was accessible and reasonably priced ($4 for all day), so, that was done quickly and without issues. This has to be probably the most uncoordinated, on-the-fly race I have ever attended; no chiming tips, one end of the transition area was wide open, nobody who was working knew of a place to get water (instead saying there was some in the dorms but they weren’t open, so, yeah) Eventually, we all headed down to the sea, right by campus point/ UCSB Lagoon and waited for the swim waves to start. I was in the second wave with the non-collegiate males, aka Open M/F, it started at 8:05.Race Start
As the race started we all ran into the water and jumped in, doing small dolphin dives to get out to open water faster. I managed to remain very calm throughout the entire swim, constantly reminding myself that the calmer I remained, the better I would be able to swim as I could control my breathing and technique without having to stop and rest/ gasp for air.Swim
I could really feel the improvement in my technique, strength and stamina from all the pool sessions I have been going to lately. As opposed to the usual, “I just want this swim to be over/get me out of here already!” feeling, this time it was very enjoyable and rewarding. Furthermore, another awesome thing I managed to do during the swim was draft consistently and efficiently. I really noticed the difference of trying to swim alone as opposed to following in someones foot stroke. I knew I was doing it correctly because I could consistently see the guys bubbles in front of me but I wouldn’t be going too fast as to touch his feet. Coming out of the water, we all had to walk in the water for about 100 feet as it was only waist deep. Then there was the dreaded stairs up to the transition area, which left me feeling out of breath, more so than the entire swim.T1
Transition was a breeze as I have been getting much better at this, with the tri-shoes already clipped in and dangling from rubber bands, so, I was able to zip through without much issue.Bike
The bike leg was so much fun. I was able to really put the hammer down. This is where I first started training for triathlon, back in November 2012, when I pulled the trigger on my Scott Plasma 2, so, I was very well acquainted with the course. When combined with the short format of the race, there was simply no holding back, I kept passing rider after rider in their collegiate tri suits, never allowing myself to go beyond my capabilities while still pushing as hard as possible. There were a few people who stuck with me on the majority of the bike ride, but there was one guy who I remember particularly well. He was riding a Quintana Roo bike and his fitness level was very similar to mine. I can’t remember his number. We would consistently pass each other, however, I ultimately held the advantage of knowing the course particularly well, thus knowing when to really go hard. As we eventually made our way back onto the UCSB campus, via the windy bike bath, I took my feet out of tri shoes and hopped off gloriously right before T2T2
T2 was good, nice grass on the feet. Took me a second to put on my socks, however the quick laces on the HOKA ONE ONE saved me some time. Zipped out of transition, ready to rock the run course — a little too ready perhaps, I left with my helmet still firmly attached to my head.Run
The run course was marvelous, it was a run around the UCSB lagoon, an area I had many training sessions in previously. The guy who was on the bike with me was running close by and eventually passed me at about mile 1 and held the lead until the dirt trails, through the brushes of the lagoon, at which point I laid the hammer down again, and brought it home, sailing in at a time of around 1:4?:??Post-Race Reflections
I thoroughly enjoyed participating in this event, it brought back nostalgic memories and was a great tune-up for Wildflower. I am definitely looking forward to returning next year.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object GameObject.EnemySet
public class EnemySet
Used to represent the enemy sets present in each stage of the game. An EnemySet object is defined by an EnemyType and their multiplicity in a given level. For example, stage 1 of the game has a single EnemySet composed of 6 Balloom type enemies. The stages class uses this representation to encode the 60 levels present in the game.
| Constructor Summary | |
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EnemySet(EnemyType enemyType,
int numberPresent)
Initializes an EnemySet object, which is specified by an EnemyType and its multiplicity. |
| Method Summary | |
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EnemyType |
getEnemyType()
Get the EnemyType contained by an EnemySet instance. |
int |
getNumberPresent()
Get the number of enemies present of the type specified by an EnemySet. |
void |
setEnemyType(EnemyType enemyType)
Set the EnemyType that will be used to define the type of enemy contained in a particular instance of EnemySet. |
void |
setNumberPresent(int numberPresent)
Set the number of enemies present in an EnemySet of the type specified by said object. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
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clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
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public EnemySet(EnemyType enemyType, int numberPresent)
enemyType
- EnemyType object specifying what kind of enemy is contained in the set.numberPresent
- Integer representing the multiplicity of the enemy in the set.| Method Detail |
|---|
public EnemyType getEnemyType()
public void setEnemyType(EnemyType enemyType)
enemyType
- An EnemyType object specifying the type of enemy that this instance
of EnemySet should contain.public int getNumberPresent()
public void setNumberPresent(int numberPresent)
numberPresent
- Integer representing the multiplicity of the EnemyType contained in
the set.
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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FireEye >
Persistence (TA0003)
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Technique Event Triggered Execution (T1546) Subtechnique Event Triggered Execution: Application Shimming (T1546.011) |
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Technique Event Triggered Execution (T1546) Subtechnique Event Triggered Execution: Application Shimming (T1546.011) |
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Procedure
Created a new service (javamtsup) that executes a service binary (javamtsup.exe) at system startup
Criteria
powershell.exe creating the Javamtsup service
Footnotes
- Though no image was captured, MITRE confirmed that the vendor has the capability to show available telemetry in a separate view.
Procedure
Established Registry Run key persistence using PowerShell
Criteria
Addition of the Webcache subkey in HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Footnotes
- Though no image was captured, MITRE confirmed that the vendor has the capability to show available telemetry in a separate view.
Procedure
Executed WMI persistence on user login
Criteria
The WMI process (wmiprvse.exe) executing powershell.exe
Footnotes
- Though no image was captured, MITRE confirmed that the vendor has the capability to show available telemetry in a separate view.
Procedure
Added a new user to the remote host Scranton (<IP_ADDRESS>) using net.exe
Criteria
net.exe adding the user Toby
Footnotes
- Though no image was captured, MITRE confirmed that the vendor has the capability to show available telemetry in a separate view.
APT3 |
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Technique Event Triggered Execution (T1546) Subtechnique Event Triggered Execution: Accessibility Features (T1546.008) |
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Technique Event Triggered Execution (T1546) Subtechnique Event Triggered Execution: Accessibility Features (T1546.008) |
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Procedure
Previously executed batch file (pdfhelper.cmd) moved a separate batch file (autoupdate.bat) to the Startup folder
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
[3]
[4]
Procedure
Previously executed batch file (pdfhelper.cmd) moved a separate batch file (autoupdate.bat) to the Startup folder
Footnotes
- The alert mapped to two ATT&CK Techniques (T1059 - Command-Line Interface and T1105 - Remote File Copy), but they were not directly related to the Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder Technique under test in this procedure.
[2]
[3]
[4]
Procedure
Added user Jesse to Conficker (<IP_ADDRESS>) through RDP connection
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
Procedure
Batch file (autoupdate.bat) previously written to Startup folder executed when user Debbie logs on to Nimda (<IP_ADDRESS>), launching a DLL payload (update.dat) using Rundll32
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Procedure
RDP connection to Conficker (<IP_ADDRESS>) authenticated using previously added user Jesse
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
Procedure
Empire: 'copy' via PowerShell to overwrite magnify.exe with cmd.exe
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
[3]
Procedure
magnifer.exe previously overwritten by cmd.exe launched through RDP connection made to Creeper (<IP_ADDRESS>)
Footnotes
- Managed Defense Reports are reports provided by FireEye's managed detection and response (MDR) service. FireEye provided reports to MITRE after the completion of the evaluation to mimic what they would produce in a real incident.
[2]
[3]
[4]


欢迎 Welcome
我们是浙江省杭州第十四中学天文社，在这里你可以了解有关我们的人和事。
Here is Zhejiang Province Hangzhou No.14 High School Astronomy Association. You can learn something about us.
关于我们 About us
我们正式成立于2014年，是杭州市天文学会的会员单位，也是杭州市高中天文联合会的创始单位。
We were founded in 2014. We are a member of Hangzhou Astronomical Society(HZAS) and the founding unit of Hangzhou High-school Astronomical Associations Union(HHAAU).
我们致力于天文科普和天文摄影，我们也在天文奥赛中取得了不错的成绩。
We are committed to astronomy and astrophotography, and we have achieved good results in astronomy Olympiad.
天文台 Observatory
杭十四中坐落在美丽的西湖旁，宝石山脚下。我们的天文台就位于校园内，在第二教学楼的顶端。
Hangzhou No.14 High School is located by the beautiful West Lake, at the foot of Baoshi Mountain. Our observatory is located on campus, at the top of the 2nd teaching building.
这里拥有大量的天文仪器设备，其中最引人注目的当属杭州市最大的施卡望远镜——星特朗C14望远镜，和它的赤道仪——派拉蒙MX。
There are a large number of astronomical equipment here, the most notable of which is the Celetron C14 and Paramount MX.
实践基地 Practical Base
我们也拥有一个环境不错的活动实践基地，位于浙江省湖州市安吉县天荒坪镇的江南天池风景区。
We also have a practical base with good environment, located in Jiangnantianchi, Tianhuangping, Anji, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
假期我们都会组织一些上山活动，前往江南天池天文台进行观测。
During the holidays, we will organize some observation activities to the Jiangnantianchi Observatory.
联系我们 Contact Us
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>QQ:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Bilibili: https://space.bilibili.com/317033762


BMILog is a Body Mass Index logger. BMILog helps you keep track of your health with regards to your weight.
Some features of BMILog:
What is Body Mass Index (BMI)? BMI is an objective measure that can help you decide whether you weight is right for you or not. BMI is a figure calculated from your height and weight and can be used to determine if you are overweight, underweight or at a healthy weight.
There is no such thing as an ideal weight. There is such a thing as an ideal weight range. The BMI tells you, if you fall within this range. This BMI calculation is only intended for adults, not children. If you're less than 150 cm (5 feet) tall the calculation is likely to overestimate body fat. Please see disclaimer below.
So how is the BMI calculated? Simple ...
weight ------------------- height * height
... the weight is measured in kilos and the height is measured in meters. So a person weighing 90 kg, being 180 cm tall:
90 ------------- = 27 1.8 * 1.8
The BMI for this person is 27.
weight * 704.5 ------------------- height * height
... the weight is measured in pounds and the height is measured in inches. So a person weighing 198 lbs, being 5"11' tall:
198 * 704.5 ------------- = 27 71 * 71
The BMI for this person is 27.
The BMI in itself is not useful. You need "something" to relate the BMI to. Various health agencies operates with different BMI tables. The two most common tables are the American table and the European table:
American European 0 - 19.9 0 - 18.4 Underweight 20 - 24.5 18.5 - 24.5 Healthy weight 25 - 25 - Overweight
A BMI between 30 and 34.9 indicates Obesity. Between 35 and 39.9, Great Obesity. Over 40, Extreme Obesity.
Our person from the calculations above would with a BMI of 27 be classified as Overweight. This person should probably consider losing some weight :o)
The Body Mass Index is recommended by the National Institute of Health (USA) and Sundhedsstyrelsen (Denmark).
This BMI Logger is provided for your information only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, and may not represent your true individual medical situation.
It does not take all possible factors into account in its assessment of your healthy weight.
For example, it tends to overestimate body fat in very muscular individuals or in people who are less than 150 cm. (5 feet) tall, and may underestimate body fat in people who have lost muscle mass, such as the elderly.
Do not use this information to make significant changes in your diet, exercise regimen, or other aspects of your lifestyle without consulting your personal physician or other qualified health care provider as recommended by your physician.
Please contact your physician if you have any questions or concerns.
Installation of BMILog is like installing any other Palm OS program:
When the synchronization is done you will have a 'BMILog' icon in the Unfiled category on your Palm PDA. Feel free to move BMILog to another category.
If you use Microsoft Windows you might want to install the BMILog Conduit as well:
On the main screen all persons are shown. Tap New to add a person. Tap the little note icon in the leftmost column to edit that person. Tap the smiley to get the latest BMI of that person. Tap the name to add a BMI entry. The smileys indicate your health - a green (happy) smiley means you're in perfect health. A yellow smiley (so-so mood) means you're under-/overweight. A read smiley (unhappy) means you're much overweight and you should consider losing some weight :o)
Enter a name in the Name field. If a person with that name already exists, you will be notified. Select a format for this person by selecting from the drop down list. Take care, though. Once set, this format can not be changed for the person.
Tapping a persons name on the main form brings up the history form for that person. Tapping any of the columns offers an opportunity to delete that entry. Tap New to add a new BMI entry. The Print button will only be shown if you have Palm Print installed. Tap the button to get a printout of the history for this person. This have been tested on my Tungsten|T using a bluetooth connection to a MPI bluetooth printer adapter driving an Epson Stylus Color 640 printer.
When adding a new entry all fields will be pre set to the following. Date will contain the current date - tap the date field to change. Height and Weight will contain the height and weight of the last entry. For an adult you would normally only want to change the weight ... :o)
If you tap on a smiley on the main form an info box with the latest BMI for that person is shown.
Use the menus to reach some of the extra functionality of BMILog:
... going from right to left. The About menu contains some text for you to read - so go ahead, do just that!
In the Options menu you will find the Preferences form. Select the desired BMI Table from the drop down list. Currently, you can only choose from two tables - the American table and the European table. In the Format drop down list you can select the default format for new persons.
Enter your weight in the Kg or Lbs fields, select the BMI Table to use and then tap Solve. The Optimal Height readout will show you the optimal height range for the weight. Depending on the BMI Table used, the ranges will, when used in a BMI calculation fall within the Healthy Weight range. In other words, use this to find the proper height for your weight ... and then start growing! :o)
Enter your height in the Cm or Feet/Inch fields, select the BMI Table to use and then tap Solve. The Optimal Weight readout will show you the optimal weight range for the height. Depending on the BMI Table used, the ranges will, when used in a BMI calculation fall within the Healthy Weight range. In other words, use this to find the proper weight for your height ...
Enter heights or weights in any of the fields. Then tap Solve to get the converted values.
That is all there is to it. Enjoy! :o)


Example of realtime collaboration using firebase.
This demo shows how to use Firebase with the monaco editor.


Book an amazing adventure today.
Come visit your dream destinations.
Go on a much needed vacation.
Sun
Friends
Sights
Places
Experiences
Food
TRAVEL THE WORLD WORRY-FREE
See beautiful beaches and forests around the world.


Before Change
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_path) as zfile:
zfile.extractall(images_path)
main.main(images_path, str(tmpdir.join("ocr_nl.db")))
stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
After Change
images_file.write_binary(response.content)
// Extract it to the image directory
with zipfile.ZipFile(str(images_file)) as zfile:
zfile.extractall(images_path)
main.main(images_path, str(tmpdir.join("ocr_nl.db")))
stdout, _ = capsys.readouterr()
assert re.search(r"google was found with count", stdout)