class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Understanding Science News ## What do the statistics really say? ### Kevin M. Middleton, Ph.D. #### Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences
University of Missouri School of Medicine
 ![:scale 70%](https://i.imgur.com/9btotx8.png) ??? https://github.com/yihui/xaringan/wiki --- class: inverse, center, middle background-image: url(https://i.imgur.com/Llr41Sb.png) background-size: contain --- class: inverse, center, middle ![:scale 55%](https://i.imgur.com/ILuM8hv.png) ![:scale 40%](https://i.imgur.com/PFTHPQI.png) ??? Bats --- class: inverse, center, middle ![:scale 45%](https://i.imgur.com/xQeCWV7.png) --- class: inverse, center, middle ![:scale 90%](https://i.imgur.com/wGMIxMn.jpg) --- class: inverse, center, middle ![:scale 48%](https://i.imgur.com/VNMbpjx.png) ![:scale 44%](https://i.imgur.com/js5ZXui.png) --- class: inverse, center, middle ![:scale 90%](https://i.imgur.com/D2JySAi.png) --- class: center, middle ## Why am I talking about statistics today? --- ## Probability in your daily life > "For what is improbable does happen, and therefore it is probable that improbable things will happen. Granted this, one might argue that 'what is improbable is probable'. But this is not true absolutely." (Aristotle, *Rhetoric*) .center[ **Probable vs. improbable events** ] --- ## In praise of gambling .center[ ![:scale 44%](https://i.imgur.com/C4LOeAK.jpg)![:scale 40%](https://i.imgur.com/x0d2CX4.jpg) Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754) ] --- ## Probability impacts you 1. Apply for a mortgage, car loan, or credit card 1. Buy life insurance 1. Go to the doctor or take any medicine 1. Receive an email 1. Use a credit card 1.  --- ## Evacuate or not? .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/vZqyOGh.jpg) ] --- ## We are pretty good at informal inference .pull-left[Two movies open the same week. **What is the probability that each will earn $200 million?** ] .pull-right[ ![:scale 80%](https://i.imgur.com/XVU4S2T.jpg) ] --- ## We are pretty good at informal inference .pull-left[Two movies open the same week. **What is the probability that each will earn $200 million?** ] .pull-right[ ![:scale 80%](https://i.imgur.com/XVU4S2T.jpg) ] 1. One movie earned $100 million in the first weekend 2. The other movie earned $1 million in the first weekend --- ## We are pretty bad at thinking about probabilities We should be considering how probable events are. 1. Get the flu 2. Win Powerball lottery 3. Death by plane crash 5. Death by lightning or by venomous snake --- ## Base rates Probabilities *unconditioned* on any other information 1. Pr[*Get the flu*] `\(\approx\)` 1 2. Pr[*Win Powerball lottery*] = 1 / 292,201,338 3. Pr[*Death by Lightning*] `\(\approx\)` 5 / 500,000 5. Pr[*Death by Venomous Snake*] `\(\approx\)` 1 / 500,000 Some rates will never change. Some will. -- .center[ **Always ask yourself: what is the base rate?** ] --- ## Dear Doctor... > "New evidence has become available indicating that the chance of thrombosis occurring in a vein is increased around **two-fold** for some types of [birth control] pill compared to others." (UK Committee of Safety of Medicines, 1995) .center[ ![:scale 60%](https://i.imgur.com/SFuM8no.jpg) ] --- ## "Pills kill" - 1 in 8 may have completely stopped taking pills - Others switched mid-cycle .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://i.imgur.com/qRjcIV5.jpg) ] --- ## "Pills kill" - 1 in 8 may have completely stopped taking pills - Others switched mid-cycle The outcomes: - 26,000 more babies in England and Wales the next year - £21 million for maternity care and £46 million for abortion provision - Lives saved: "maybe one" - Lives lost: ~30 maternal deaths during childbirth - 8.2 deaths / 100,000 live births --- ## "Pills kill" Base rate of thrombosis on "old" pills: $$ 1 / 7000 = 0.014\% $$ -- Rate of thrombosis on "new" pills: $$ 2 / 7000 = 0.029\% $$ .center[ **Twice a small number is still a small number** Relative risk vs. Absolute risk ] --- class: center, middle ## Where does this disconnect come from? --- ## Contributing factors - Scientists want to learn about the world - Scientists and funding agencies want to have their research published - Scientific journals and universities want to gain publicity - Governments want to protect their citizens (FDA, CDC, etc.) - Media want to make money from advertisements -- .center[ **You want to make decisions that impact your life** ] --- ## Think critically ### Every statistical story has context ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/P4PeKkI.jpg) ??? https://www.livescience.com/3780-odds-dying.html --- class: center ## *Highest* 10% age-standardized deaths from kidney cancer ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/yHx5MNh.png) --- class: center ## *Lowest* 10% age-standardized deaths from kidney cancer ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/Jb6gC8k.png) --- ## Correlation `\(\neq\)` Causation .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/50b58c1.png) ] "Figures obtained by the BBC under the Freedom of Information Act found the number of prescriptions for the most common group of antidepressants rose by 43 per cent during the period covering the banking crisis and housing crash." --- ## Correlation `\(\neq\)` Causation Usually we are interested in causation. - Two variables can have a significant association without any *direct* causal basis. - Life expectancy vs. Per capita televisions -- **Confounding variables** probably underlie the correlation (overall wealth). - This is one of the main limitations of observational studies. ??? http://tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations --- ## Do chocolate and beer drive Australian energy production? ![](SMS_Stats_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png) --- ## Do chocolate and beer drive Australian energy production? ![](SMS_Stats_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png) --- ## Do chocolate and beer drive Australian energy production? ![](SMS_Stats_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png) --- ## Does skiing make Idahoans less likely to get divorced? ![](SMS_Stats_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png) --- ## "Alcohol May Set Off Allergies" ![:scale 48%](https://i.imgur.com/8x5vZ81.png) ![:scale 48%](https://i.imgur.com/HCpKOIs.jpg) --- ## "Alcohol May Set Off Allergies" ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/ZXtZHOz.png) --- ## "Alcohol May Set Off Allergies" **Methods** - 5870 Danish women ages 20-29 - No allergic rhinitis (AR) at baseline - Self-reported behaviors and symptoms for ~8 years - Controlled for age, smoking, education, follow-up time, passive smoking in childhood and, parental asthma .footnote[ Bendtsen et al. (2007) *Clin Exp Allergy* 38: 1179-1185. ] --- ## "Alcohol May Set Off Allergies" **Results** - 831 develop seasonal AR - 523 develop perennial AR - "Alcohol consumption was positively associated with the risk of developing perennial AR ... among women drinking more than 14 drinks/week compared with women drinking <1 drink/week" (Odds Ratio = 1.78) --- ## The scourge of odds ratios `$$OR = \frac{\text{Probability of developing AR}}{\text{Probability of not developing AR}}$$` - Probabilities range from `\(0 \rightarrow 1\)` - Odds ratios range from `\(0 \rightarrow \infty\)` --- ## What is the base rate? 523 out of 5870 develop perennial AR -- `$$\frac{523}{5870} = 9\%$$` -- Of that 9% who develop perennial AR: - The comparison of >14 drinks per week relative to <1 drink per week `\(\rightarrow\)` 78% greater probability of AR --- ## Beware of confounding variables Histamines can cause allergies and allergy-related symptoms – Lots of foods contain or release histamines. -- **Cuisine of Denmark** > Hot meals are traditionally prepared from ground meats, such as frikadeller (meat balls) and medisterpølse (spiced sausage), or from more substantial meat and fish dishes such as flæskesteg (roast pork with crackling) or kogt torsk (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. --- ## Histamine-Rich Foods *Alcoholic beverages, especially beer and wine*; Anchovies; Avocados; Cheeses, especially aged or fermented cheese, such as Parmesan, blue and Roquefort; Cider; Dried fruits such as apricots, dates, prunes, figs and raisins; Eggplant; Fermented foods, such as pickled or smoked meats, sauerkraut, etc.; Mackerel; Mushrooms; Processed meats - sausage, salami, etc.; Sardines; Smoked fish - herring, sardines, etc.; Sour cream, sour milk, buttermilk, yogurt; Soured breads, such as pumpernickel, other foods made with large amounts of yeast.; Spinach; Tomatoes; Vinegar or vinegar-containing foods, such as mayonnaise, salad dressing, ketchup, chili sauce, pickles, pickled beets, relishes, olives --- ## Alcohol Worsens Allergies? ![](https://i.imgur.com/fAqxsVI.png) - Only >14 drinks compared to <1 drink is "significant" - Only 32 / 523 (6%) were in this group - In the original sample: 32 / 5870 (0.55%) - What is the odds ratio of AR in the >14 drinks groups across the whole sample? --- class: center ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/XbS8Hiq.png) --- ## Alcohol Worsens Allergies? .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/qzL0Ely.png) ] Smoking 15 or more cigarettes a day **reduces** the likelihood of seasonal AR. --- ## Garden of forking paths .center[ ![](https://i.imgur.com/NEmGfdS.jpg) ] --- ## Crisis in scientific research ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/EC262ia.png) - "Statistically significant" results are more likely to be published. - Not all these results can be "true positives". --- ## P-values and the peril of null hypothesis testing > What is the probability of observing these data if the null hypothesis were true? .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://i.imgur.com/fm5528s.png) ] --- ## Chimeras ![:scale 28%](https://i.imgur.com/8MATapS.jpg)![:scale 37%](https://i.imgur.com/yNqqwCY.jpg)![:scale 33%](https://i.imgur.com/PzsN7V4.jpg) Fisher: *P*-values as a ad hoc indicator Neyman & Pearson: Choosing from among statistical models --- ## The last ~50 years... 1. Fisher's P < 0.05 is "significant" - Fisher though 0.05 was "good enough" 2. Neyman and Pearson's hypothesis testing - Not considering "null hypotheses" - Straw man hypothesis (no difference, no effect) .center[ ![:scale 75%](https://i.imgur.com/tedA6Ts.png) ] --- ## Is most published research false? 1. Cherry picking and the garden of forking paths 2. Researcher publication bias 3. Journal publication bias 4. **Science-wide** error rate --- ## (Non-)Reproducibility 1. Real effect, opposite direction 2. Real effect, smaller magnitude 3. No effect despite having previously found one Usually we think of the inability to reproduce an experiment as resulting from poor experimental design or errors in data collection. --- class: center, middle # Is all hope lost? --- ## Increased awareness .center[ ![:scale 70%](https://i.imgur.com/d7zgh8M.png) ] --- ## Journals take a stand - In 1986, the *American Journal of Public Health* told all researchers wanting to publish in the journal that he would no longer accept results based on P-values - ...and then backed down 2 years later - *Basic and Applied Social Psychology* banned P-values in 2015 --- ## ASA statement on P-values (2016) - P-values *can* indicate how incompatible the data are with a specified statistical model. - P-values do not measure the probability that the studied hypothesis is true, or the probability that the data were produced by random chance alone. - Scientific conclusions and business or policy decisions should not be based only on whether a P-value passes a specific threshold. - A P-value, or statistical significance, does not measure the size of an effect or the importance of a result. --- ## Preregistration - "Register" your planned analysis before *seeing the data* - Journal buy-in - Agree to publish interesting research questions, regardless of the result .center[ ![:scale 90%](https://i.imgur.com/S1iHGwf.png) ] --- ## Being a good science consumer - Be skeptical - Think about the source(s) - Dig deep - Think about the base rate --- ## Visualizing rates .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/FXY6wkp.png) ] --- ## Visualizing rates .center[ ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/1zzulFd.png) ] --- class: center ## Questions? ![:scale 100%](https://i.imgur.com/sgI72kT.jpg) --- --- --- ## Childhood mortality ??? - https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0767 - https://www.vox.com/health-care/2018/1/8/16863656/childhood-mortality-united-states - http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story.asp?guid=%7B098923D8-E0D4-11E7-883A-D1B26B4737ED%7D&siteid=rss&rss=1 - http://ct.moreover.com/?a=32986729376&p=1pl&v=1&x=yCG_f0VEvLx3I_deC2GmSA - "Kids in America have a higher mortality rate than many other wealthy countries" - "Why the United States is 'the most dangerous of wealthy nations for a child to be born into'" - "US babies are 76 percent more likely to die in first year than babies in other rich countries" - "America: The Most Dangerous Wealthy Nation for Kids in The World" - "U.S. lags behind peers in fighting child mortality" - "US has worst child mortality rate among 20 rich nations" - "'This Study Should Alarm Everyone': US Child Mortality Rate 70% Higher Than Other Wealthy Nations" - "U.S. is the 'most dangerous' wealthy country for a child to be born into, study finds" --- ## Cancer Food Additives ??? - http://www.bmj.com/content/360/bmj.k322 - http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43064290 - https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/14/health/ultra-processed-foods-cancer-study/index.html - https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/15/study-ultra-processed-foods-like-chicken-nuggets-linked-to-cancer.html - http://time.com/5157885/processed-foods-cancer/ --- ## Antacid Pregnancy ??? - http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/01/09/peds.2017-0889 - https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/11/well/family/antacids-during-pregnancy-tied-to-asthma-in-children.html


BallFollower class makes the robot follow the ball
...by publishing appropriate velocity commands. Image based visual servoing
is implemented: the node knows from a subscribed topic
(camera1/ball_center_radius) the position and the size of the ball in the
image frame. From this information the node computes an angular and linear
velocity such that the ball will be located in the image center with a
specified size (-> distance)
Note: No obstacle avoidance is implemented! We assume, that there are no
obstacles in the way, if we can see the ball, which is strictly speaking
not always true.
This node contains 4 ROS communication interfaces:
pub_cmd_vel: Publisher to topic "cmd_vel"
sub_ball: Subscriber to topic "camera1/ball_center_radius"
server: Action server "follow_ball" to activate ball following
(can be cancelled)


Follow these steps to add a course to your wish list:
- Log in to the Algorithm Lab.
- In the left navigation bar, click Learning Center > All Courses.
- On the Available Courses page, click the course you want to add to your wish list.
- Click Add to Wish List.
The button displays Remove From Wish List.


[Erowid Note: 1.2 grams of caffeine is considered a high dose, see Caffeine Dose Chart]
This drug isn't commonly used were I live, but I managed to get a hold of some. My tolerance is up just a bit, before this I had a unknown amount...about 650mg. So my tolerance is up just a bit. But to go on, here’s my experience.
12:00am- Took the 13 (I'm pretty sure) 50mg pills. About 20 minutes before hand I popped 6 200mg Nodoz (caffiene pills) to see if they would counteract the nausea given by Tramadol.
12:35am- Feeling happier. My eyes are slightly heavy. But I'm feeling jittery and awake as well (effects brought on by caffeine). I've had the feeling before, while one Adderall and weed at the same time.
12:38am- Feeling the need to post times. It's a weird feeling. Kind of obsessive compulsive or whatever that disorder is. I just have a feeling that I have to keep typing.
12:42am- Stupid feeling setting in. Also a warm rush type feeling. Dizzy as well...it feels like my head weighs a ton. But I'm not sleepy at all, hopefully I won't get that way.
12:50am- Slight trouble breathing. I felt similar effects on my last experience with this. Pain is numbed slightly.
12:52am- Time passes slowly, too slowly. Which, I believe, is why I post so many times. Because everything is stretched out. Dizziness is still present as well as a tired feeling. I feel almost like I'm tripping, except that I still have the capacity to think logically and still care about my body.
12:57am- To do things correctly I must focus on that one thing and only that one thing. It's as if I've lost the ability to do multiple things at once. Time is still passing slowly and the dizziness feeling is increasing bit by bit.
1:05am- Put in some music and it's surprisingly interesting...more then normal at least. Going to go play a game now. Or just something to occupy me so I don't post so many times.
1:30am- Feeling very dizzy. I tried to stand up and I almost toppled over. Surprisingly I have no symptoms of oding. I'm pondering my last experience a day earlier prepared me a bit for this.
1:40am- Feeling unmotivated to continue with this. I'll end it right now.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Description: This piece is the silhouette of an urban cityscape against the magenta shades of the coming nightfall, with bright shining stars in the sky above. If you would like to see the code I used to create this game, follow the link. To the code!


QArt Coder
URL:
Tip: Short URLs work best.
QR Size
Image Size
Random Pixels
Data Pixels Only
Dither
Show Controllable Pixels
Update
Rotate
Tip: small, high contrast images work best.
Use the blue buttons to move the image within the code
and to change the size of the code and the image.
How does this work?


Congress slams government over appointing Pragya Thakur to parliamentary committee on defence
According to a bulletin issued by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, Thakur will be part of the 21-member committee headed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
by PTINew Delhi: The Congress on Thursday slammed the government over the appointment of controversial BJP leader Pragya Thakur to a crucial consultative committee on defence and said it was "unfortunate for the country".
According to a bulletin issued by the Lok Sabha Secretariat, Thakur will be part of the 21-member committee headed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
"It is unfortunate for the country that an MP accused of spreading terror has been nominated as member of a defence-related committee. Modi 'has not been able to forgive her from the heart' but she has been given the responsibility of important issues such as the country's defence.
"That is why if there is Modi, anything is possible," Congress spokesperson Randeep Singh Surjewala said in a tweet in Hindi.
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Dr. Sunitha. N R
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Like their Facebook page and complete the form to receive a free sample of
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Join Club Cantina and get free queso! Enter your name, email and zip code
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The post Free Bowl of Queso at On the Border appeared first on
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Striker brace UEFA European Championship chip one-two African Cup of Nations three-five-two four-four-two yellow card upper 90 hat trick ball forward. Hat trick center-half referee goalie one-two soccer World Cup upper 90 midfielder forward striker UEFA European Championship red card four-four-two goal. Four-four-two halftime center-half goal hat trick goalie African Cup of Nations referee one-two yellow card forward UEFA European Championship pitch. Midfielder one-two pitch chip goalie halftime soccer forward upper 90 number 10 UEFA European Championship referee defender center-half ball World Cup goal.Defender number 10 World Cup pitch ball yellow card soccer four-four-two striker center-half hat trick upper 90 one-two halftime goalie three-five-two UEFA European Championship. Three-five-two goalie hat trick upper 90 World Cup one-two chip halftime midfielder center-half striker forward pitch defender yellow card UEFA European Championship.


| Linux | OS X | Windows | Coverage | Downloads |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ignore
is a manager, filter and parser which implemented in pure JavaScript according to the .gitignore spec.
ignore
is used by eslint, gitbook and many others.
Pay attention that minimatch
does not work in the gitignore way. To filter filenames according to .gitignore file, I recommend this module.
ignore
is fully tested, and has more than five hundreds of unit tests.
0.8
- 7.x
0.10
- 7.x
, node < 0.10
is not tested due to the lack of support of appveyor.Actually, ignore
does not rely on any versions of node specially.
Since 4.0.0
, ignore will no longer support node < 6
by default, to use in node < 6, require('ignore/legacy')
. For details, see CHANGELOG.
Pathname
Conventionsglob-gitignore
matches files using patterns and filters them according to gitignore rules.npm i ignore
import ignore from 'ignore'
const ig = ignore().add(['.abc/*', '!.abc/d/'])
const paths = [
'.abc/a.js', // filtered out
'.abc/d/e.js' // included
]
ig.filter(paths) // ['.abc/d/e.js']
ig.ignores('.abc/a.js') // true
paths.filter(ig.createFilter()); // ['.abc/d/e.js']
ig.filter(['.abc\\a.js', '.abc\\d\\e.js'])
// if the code above runs on windows, the result will be
// ['.abc\\d\\e.js']
ignore
is a standalone module, and is much simpler so that it could easy work with other programs, unlike isaacs's fstream-ignore which must work with the modules of the fstream family.
ignore
only contains utility methods to filter paths according to the specified ignore rules, so
ignore
never try to find out ignore rules by traversing directories or fetching from git configurations.ignore
don't cares about sub-modules of git projects.Exactly according to gitignore man page, fixes some known matching issues of fstream-ignore, such as:
/*.js
' should only match 'a.js
', but not 'abc/a.js
'.**/foo
' should match 'foo
' anywhere.'a '
(one space) should not match 'a '
(two spaces).'a \ '
matches 'a '
git check-ignore
.String | Ignore
An ignore pattern string, or the Ignore
instanceArray<String | Ignore>
Array of ignore patterns.Adds a rule or several rules to the current manager.
Returns this
Notice that a line starting with '#'
(hash) is treated as a comment. Put a backslash ('\'
) in front of the first hash for patterns that begin with a hash, if you want to ignore a file with a hash at the beginning of the filename.
ignore().add('#abc').ignores('#abc') // false
ignore().add('\#abc').ignores('#abc') // true
pattern
could either be a line of ignore pattern or a string of multiple ignore patterns, which means we could just ignore().add()
the content of a ignore file:
ignore()
.add(fs.readFileSync(filenameOfGitignore).toString())
.filter(filenames)
pattern
could also be an ignore
instance, so that we could easily inherit the rules of another Ignore
instance.
REMOVED in 3.x
for now.
To upgrade<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to
3.x`, use
import fs from 'fs'
if (fs.existsSync(filename)) {
ignore().add(fs.readFileSync(filename).toString())
}
instead.
type Pathname = string
Filters the given array of pathnames, and returns the filtered array.
Array.<Pathname>
The array of pathname
s to be filtered.Pathname
Conventions:Pathname
should be a path.relative()
d pathnamePathname
should be a string that have been path.join()
ed, or the return value of path.relative()
to the current directory,
// WRONG, an error will be thrown
ig.ignores('./abc')
// WRONG, for it will never happen, and an error will be thrown
// If the gitignore rule locates at the root directory,
// `'/abc'` should be changed to `'abc'`.
//
// path.relative('/', '/abc') -> 'abc'
// `
ig.ignores('/abc')
// WRONG, that it is an absolute path on Windows, an error will be thrown ig.ignores('C:\abc')
// Right ig.ignores('abc')
// Right ig.ignores(path.join('./abc')) // path.join('./abc') -> 'abc'
In other words, each `Pathname` here should be a relative path to the directory of the gitignore rules.
Suppose the dir structure is:
/path/to/your/repo |-- a | |-- a.js | |-- .b | |-- .c |-- .DS_store
Then the `paths` might be like this:
```js
[
'a/a.js'
'.b',
'.c/.DS_store'
]
node-ignore
does NO fs.stat
during path matching, so for the example below:
// First, we add a ignore pattern to ignore a directory
ig.add('config/')
// `ig` does NOT know if 'config', in the real world,
// is a normal file, directory or something.
ig.ignores('config')
// `ig` treats `config` as a file, so it returns `false`
ig.ignores('config/')
// returns `true`
Specially for people who develop some library based on node-ignore
, it is important to understand that.
Usually, you could use glob
with option.mark = true
to fetch the structure of the current directory:
import glob from 'glob'
glob('**', {
// Adds a / character to directory matches.
mark: true
}, (err, files) => {
if (err) {
return console.error(err)
}
let filtered = ignore().add(patterns).filter(files)
console.log(filtered)
})
new in 3.2.0
Returns Boolean
whether pathname
should be ignored.
ig.ignores('.abc/a.js') // true
Creates a filter function which could filter an array of paths with Array.prototype.filter
.
Returns function(path)
the filter function.
Returns TestResult
interface TestResult {
ignored: boolean
// true if the `pathname` is finally unignored by some negative pattern
unignored: boolean
}
{ignored: true, unignored: false}
: the pathname
is ignored{ignored: false, unignored: true}
: the pathname
is unignored{ignored: false, unignored: false}
: the pathname
is never matched by any ignore rules.options.ignorecase
since 4.0.0Similar as the core.ignorecase
option of git-config, node-ignore
will be case insensitive if options.ignorecase
is set to true
(the default value), otherwise case sensitive.
const ig = ignore({
ignorecase: false
})
ig.add('*.png')
ig.ignores('*.PNG') // false
ignore.isPathValid(pathname): boolean
since 5.0.0Check whether the pathname
is valid according to the convention.
ignore.isPathValid('./foo') // false
Since 5.0.0
, if an invalid Pathname
passed into ig.ignores()
, an error will be thrown, while ignore < 5.0.0
did not make sure what the return value was, as well as
.ignores(pathname: Pathname): boolean
.filter(pathnames: Array<Pathname>): Array<Pathname>
.createFilter(): (pathname: Pathname) => boolean
.test(pathname: Pathname): {ignored: boolean, unignored: boolean}
See the convention here for details.
If there are invalid pathnames, the conversion and filtration should be done by users.
import {isPathValid} from 'ignore' // introduced in 5.0.0
const paths = [
// invalid
//////////////////
'',
false,
'../foo',
'.',
//////////////////
// valid
'foo'
]
.filter(isValidPath)
ig.filter(paths)
Since 4.0.0
, ignore
will no longer support node < 6, to use ignore
in node < 6:
var ignore = require('ignore/legacy')
options
of 2.x are unnecessary and removed, so just remove them.ignore()
instance is no longer an EventEmitter
, and all events are unnecessary and removed..addIgnoreFile()
is removed, see the .addIgnoreFile section for details.


{{ define "main-block" }}
The following tutorials walk through how to use key elements of the World Wind Android library.


Getting a participant's data.Back to Contents If you are relying on a third party form manager like formsubmit, the sending data portion of this tutorial will not be completely relevant for you, but do it anyway (we will build off of it). Also, the other post-submissionbits are still the same no matter how you get your data. First, make sure you have:
(as of June 2020) You will learn:
For these code heavy tutorials, it is recommended to full screen the video and watch at 720p ResourcesThe changed files for this step can be found here. Proceed to learn how to use your server to alternate between trial orders, or force one user into a specific trial order. OR Proceed to learn how to use a third party form manager (required if you have a staticweb host which can't handle php, but not recommended otherwise). |


ACDH-CH
Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities
and Cultural Heritage
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Sonnenfelsgasse 19,
1010 Vienna
T: +43 1 51581-2200
E<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ACDH-CH runs a helpdesk offering advice for questions related to various digital humanities topics.


Characteristics
I'm rather shy, on the verge of being anti-social. I am hard-working, perseverant and have strong morals. These days I spend a lot of time improving my programming skills and reading on
Computer Science topics to stay up to date. I like watching movies and cartoons in my free time, as well as jogging a 5k late in the
afternoons. My next interest is becoming a master developer in Python and JavaScript. As you can see, I'm a coding junkie and my life
revolves around it. Writing code is one of the most satisfying things I've ever experienced in my life, there's nothing as great as
solving a problem and to know you've beaten the obstacle...


Canvas support is required to run JStris. Upgrade your browser, or switch to Windows where you get up to date software.


Greetings legitmate paying customer! We are so glad you have choosen to pay us money.
Using the "state of the art" encryption key we provided you in our onboarding email, decode this message to get your login to the ACME Company Images Host.
jenahuxwpyjbbfxamcqjchxdlxdumwckadcnoxaln
Be sure to login as the customer
user.


Quote: Posted 09/09/05 20:47:56 (GMT) -- Marcus Whitewolf
I am looking for a build for a half orc...no Dev crit,maybe something with Self Concealment...oh and uses a Dire Mace (my new favorite weapon)
Any help will be appreciated.
Quote: Posted 09/10/05 00:08:09 (GMT) -- christian.schnabel
half-orcs are often not used in builds since they get two penalties and only one bonus.
-c


[gecode-users] Questions about Gecode/J version 2.1
Ujhelyi Zoltan
uz602 at hszk.bme.hu
Tue Mar 4 13:58:36 CET 2008
Hello,
I have two questions related to Gecode/J.
First: has the eq constraint filling method removed in version 2.1?
Eclipse gives me a warning about it. If it is only moved or renamed,
how is it accessible in the new version? (Of course if it is not
available, I know, that the rel() method could be used instead of it).
Second: is it possible to get a look at which constraints cause
failures? I would like to produce additional feedback to the output,
but I need some information about the solution process. Is there any
construct for this goal (e.g. a notification subsystem or something
like that)?
Thank you for your help,
Zoltán Ujhelyi
More information about the gecode-users
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The XForms message
element is used by form authors to display
messages. The xf:message element has a level attribute which can be one of
these three options: "modal", "modeless", or "ephemeral". The default is
"modal". For graphical browsers, Ubiquity XForms displays a modal xf:message
in a dialog window. Since it is modal, you have to click on the OK button
before you can do anything else on the page. For graphical browsers,
Ubiquity XForms displays a modeless xf:message in a dialog window. Since it
is modeless, you can still select on other buttons and type words on the
page. An ephemeral xf:message works exactly as a xf:hint does (not in a
dialog window).
For each of the examples we have below, there is both the markup and a live version of the code; so click the buttons and check to see if the messages show up in the right format with the right message.
The default message has no attributes, which means the xf:message will show a modal message. Click to see a modal message saying "You are about to delete File A.":
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Delete File A.</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message>You are about to delete File A.</xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A modal message can be shown when xf:message has the level attribute as "modal". Click to see a modal message saying "You are about to delete File B.":
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Delete File B.</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="modal">You are about to delete File B.</xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A modal message works with the ref attribute also. Click to see a modal message saying "Correct!" or "Wrong!":
<xf:label>2 + 2 = ?</xf:label> <xf:trigger> <xf:label>4</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="modal" ref="/data/message[1]"></xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger> <xf:trigger> <xf:label>6</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="modal" ref="/data/message[2]"></xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A modeless message can be shown when xf:message has the level attribute as "modeless". Click to see a modeless message saying "Reminder: Don't forget to Save your work, so you will not lose it." (You can have both Tips of the Day on your screen at the same time.):
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Tip of the Day #1.</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="modeless">Reminder: Don't forget to Save your work, so you will not lose it.</xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A modeless message works with the value attribute also. Click to see a modeless message saying "Reminder: Don't forget to check over your work when you are finished." (You can have both Tips of the Day on your screen at the same time.):
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Tip of the Day #2.</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="modeless" value="/data/message[3]"></xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A ephemeral message can be shown when xf:message has the level attribute as "ephemeral". Click to see a ephemeral message saying "I'm sorry, but you will have to apply later.":
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Apply for this job.</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:message level="ephemeral">I'm sorry, but you will have to apply later.</xf:message> </xf:action> </xf:trigger>
A ephemeral message works with the ref attribute also. Mouseover to see a ephemeral message saying "Your text!" or whatever you put in the input box:
<xf:input ref="message[4]"> <xf:label>This is what your text says:</xf:label> <xf:message ev:event="xforms-hint" level="ephemeral" ref="."></xf:message> </xf:input>
The xf:message's style attribute can control the width and height of the message window, and a child element (like output) of xf:message should still display correctly in the message window. Click to see a modeless message saying "You are about to delete: File X I hope that was right.":
<xf:trigger> <xf:label>Delete this file.</xf:label> <xf:message ev:event="DOMActivate" level="modeless" style="width: 400px; height: 200px;"> You are about to delete: <xf:output ref="/data/message[5]"></xf:output>. I hope that was right. </xf:message> </xf:trigger>
For more information see the definition of message in the XForms 1.1 specification.


failed: pygame 1.9.4
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
Welcome to the Komodo SudokuCC
Succesfully connected!
Puzzle ID: 46c2ecf23c25700121bb59d9873d82d930e75aefc5c73e0394f546fd38f00328
Reward amount: 100.0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/tony/Sudokuportable/Komodoku/Sudoku.py", line 362, in <module>
File "/home/tony/Sudokuportable/Komodoku/Sudoku.py", line 359, in main
File "/home/tony/Sudokuportable/Komodoku/Sudoku.py", line 241, in __init__
File "/home/tony/Sudokuportable/Komodoku/Sudoku.py", line 248, in startNewGame
File "/home/tony/Sudokuportable/Komodoku/Sudoku.py", line 35, in __init__
pygame.error: Couldn't open background.png
[8904] Failed to execute script Sudoku


Nabisco cheese nips recalled due to possible plastic pieces
by WFTS Digital StaffMondelēz Global LLC is recalling a limited amount of Cheese Nips because there might be plastic pieces inside the product.
RECALL ALERTS | The latest recalls that could affect you and your family
According to the FDA, small food-grade yellow plastic pieces from a dough scraper may have gotten into the product during production.
| Description | Retail UPC | Best When Used By Date |
|---|---|---|
| CHEESE NIPS (11 oz. BOX) | 0 44000 03453 5 | 18MAY20 19MAY20 20MAY20 |
There have been no injuries or illness reported in relation to this recall, the FDA says.
If you bought this product, do not eat it and contact the company at 1-844-366-1171, 24 hours a day to get more information.
To read the full recall click here.


Hitman 2
Hitman 1
Blood Money
About
Created by Kotti
Design by chadlol
Volvo
Saab
Fiat
Audi
Options
Exclude Disguises
Exclude Melee Weapons
Exclude Firearms
Exclude Accidents
Generic Kills
Allow Restrictions


Create a Scenario
Enter values for a scenario then click the Submit button
User ID:
Origin Airport:
Destination Airport:
Lodging Cost Estimate:
Meal Cost Estimate:
Travel Cost Estimate:
Miscellaneous Cost Estimate:
Additional Notes and Links:
User Scenario Rating:
Travel Start Date:
Travel End Date:


This component is the most important component for documentation as it renders the entire page.
This component renders everything on UI starting with it's title
property.
Psk-page
listens to all the psk-send-chapter
events sent by the For every event sent there are two possible situations that affects the hierarchy of chapters:
If the loading has finished then the information between the two tags will be rendered on the UI in a child slot.
Despite seeming like a timeless character, the tooth fairy is a recent invention. The first written reference to her appears in 1927.
Vatican City has its own bank and the only ATM in the world that allows users to perform transactions in Latin.
The largest living organism in the world is a fungus, it is in Oregon, covering 5.6 square km and is still growing.


2 references to OnError
Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.CimCmdlets (2)
CimResultObserver.cs (2)
258
this.
OnError
(ex);
299
this.
OnError
(ex);


Foreman Broker
Jobs
Tasks
Customers
(current)
Racks
Hosts
Tasks
Assigned Tasks
Running Tasks
All Tasks:
Add Task
Edit Tasks
Task Name
Description
Foreman Template
Execute on Foreman?
Action
Running Jobs Task List:
.
Customer
Job
Task
Rack
Host
Task Status
Action
Assigned Tasks:
Customer
Job
Task
Rack
Host
Job Status
Action
Add New Task
×
Task Name
Description
Foreman Template
Execute on Foreman?
Edit Existing Task
×
Task List:
Select Task
Task Name
Description
Foreman Template
Execute on Foreman?


Acoustic Guitars
Electric Guitars
Bass Guitars
Ukuleles
Keyboards
Strings
Amps
Drums
© Main Street Music Center


My other project was a petwebsite and it was about a pet named snoop,very small and playfull
=======My other project was a petwebsite was about a pet named snoop,very small and playfull
>>>>>>> 1a8236a55d957cf368d008db0e7502b6ed58b4f2My name is Brilliant Grant Kaimba from Kenya.Currently,I study in Moringa where we code.I chose programming because I enjoy developing and coding but most of all I want to build things that can make an impact.
I like Adventure Swimming and and Reading


Warehouse Keeper Cherbal:
*[ Clan Warehouse ]*
[npc_%objectId%_DepositC @1039|Deposit Item (Clan Warehouse)]
[npc_%objectId%_WithdrawC 0|Withdraw Item (Clan Warehouse) (List all)]
[npc_%objectId%_WithdrawC 99|Withdraw Item (Clan Warehouse) (Select)]
[npc_%objectId%_Chat 0|Return]


The Psychic Game
Guess what letter I'm thinking of!
Wins:
Losses:
Guesses Left:
9
Your guesses so far:


Gecode::Set::Int::Match Class Reference
[Set propagators]
#include <int.hh>
Inherits Gecode::Propagator.
Detailed Description
Propagator for the match constraintRequires
#include "gecode/set/int.hh"
Definition at line 109 of file int.hh.
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual Actor * | copy (Space *home, bool) |
| Copy propagator during cloning. | |
| virtual PropCost | cost (void) const |
| Cost function (defined as PC_LINEAR_LO). | |
| virtual size_t | dispose (Space *home) |
| Delete Propagator. | |
| virtual ExecStatus | propagate (Space *home) |
| Perform propagation. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static ExecStatus | post (Space *home, SetView s, ViewArray< Gecode::Int::IntView > &x) |
| Post propagator that propagates that s contains the , which are sorted in non-descending order. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| Match (Space *home, bool share, Match &p) | |
| Constructor for cloning p. | |
| Match (Space *home, SetView, ViewArray< Gecode::Int::IntView > &) | |
| Constructor for posting. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| SetView | x0 |
| SetView for the match. | |
| ViewArray< Gecode::Int::IntView > | xs |
| IntViews that together form the set x0. |
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
|
|
Constructor for cloning p.
|
|
|
Constructor for posting.
|
Member Function Documentation
|
|
Copy propagator during cloning.
Implements Gecode::Actor. |
|
|
Cost function (defined as PC_LINEAR_LO).
Implements Gecode::Propagator. |
|
|
Delete Propagator.
Reimplemented from Gecode::Actor. |
|
|
Perform propagation.
Implements Gecode::Propagator. |
|
|
Post propagator that propagates that s contains the , which are sorted in non-descending order.
|
Member Data Documentation
|
|
SetView for the match.
|
|
|
IntViews that together form the set x0.
|
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- gecode/set/int.hh (Revision: 3246)
- gecode/set/int/match.cc (Revision: 3573)
- gecode/set/int/match.icc (Revision: 3188)


Snapchat's new Time Machine filter reveals just how bad you'll look in old age
Perhaps you’re feeling cute right now. But don’t get used to it, because time, gravity and all your bad habits are already ganging up to wreak havoc on your beautiful face.
Now Snapchat has designed a new lens which will reveal how you will look in the future.
The lens is called Time Machine and can be used to make your face appear decades older or younger.
Lenses were introduced in 2015 and are ‘augmented reality’ filters which can change your face in various ways.
Notable lenses include the hotdog filter and, erm, the dog lens – which turn you into a meaty snack or a cute pooch.
In the past year, Snap has released several lenses powered by artificial intelligence and Time Machine is perhaps the most powerful yet.
Here’s how to use the new lens, which will be available if you update the Snapchat app.
Advertisement Advertisement
- Load the app and open the ‘Lenses Carousel’ by pressing the smiley button or tapping on the screen.
- Find the Time Machine icon and then select which direction you want the camera to shoot using the rotating arrows. Time Machine works using the front-facing and rear-facing cameras.
- Once you’ve centred your face in either the front-facing or rear-facing camera, tap on your screen to bring up the lens carousel.
- Swipe left until you reach the Time Machine lens
- Adjust the slider left to wind back the clock, and slide right to make yourself look older.
- Tap or hold the button to capture the Snap.


Eric F. Olsen
Software Engineer and Devops HobbyistExperiences
20222019
Software Engineer
Micro Focus Provo, UT- Recreated agent installer reducing install time from 25 minutes to 4 minutes, improving the upgrade path from requiring a full uninstall/reinstall to allowing a direct upgrade, and modernizing the look and feel
- Improved agent installer replacing Microsoft SQL Server database backend with PostgreSQL contributing to the reduced installation time and simplifying installation and uninstallation process
- Added features to, and improved stability of, new agent installer
- Created Java test cases for backend software
- Maintained GitHub repository and Jenkins build job
20192016
Data Migration Software Engineer Manager / Senior Software Engineer
Briostack Lehi, UT- Designed and implemented processes and procedures to migrate data from various source systems to Briostack software
- Architected and developed tools to automate the Export, Transform, Load process of migrating data from competitors’ software to Briostack software
- Increased customer data migration efficiency tenfold from one customer per week to multiple customers per day
- Trained support and developers on their role in the aforementioned processes
- Mentored and communicated with software engineers regarding performance and results
- Collaborated with executives and department heads regarding data migration
20162011
Principal Technical Support Engineer
Symantec Lindon, UT- Collaborated with managers and developers to improve product
- Provided product and troubleshooting method trainings
- Trained engineers in common issues and mentored employees
- Documented known issues, best practices, and troubleshooting procedures
- Provided high- and low-level support for enterprise customers
- Last line of support, I fixed the problems nobody else could
- Generated script-based solutions for finding and resolving problems
- Managed many support cases and bug tickets simultaneously
- Worked with many high-profile, high-visibility customers
20112006
Support Engineer II / Senior Technical Support Engineer
Altiris / Symantec Lindon, UT- Supported Enterprise customers of Altiris Deployment Server
- Troubleshot complex problems with unique solutions
- Created a script to assist colleagues in diagnosing common issues
- Created VBscript and AutoIt utilities to facilitate troubleshooting
- Documented known issues, best practices, and good troubleshooting procedures
- Managed many open support cases at any given time
20062006
Support Engineer I
Altiris Lindon, UT- Supported Enterprise customers of Altiris Deployment Server and Notification Server
- Maintained good relations with all Altiris customers


Drop image here
Drag and drop an image to begin. Scroll over a region to apply glitch. Square size can be changed with the scale slider.
Drag and drop an image to begin. Scroll over a region to apply glitch. Square size can be changed with the scale slider.


Congress Explorer
Filter and Sort the Senate and House of Representatives
All
Senators
Representatives
Seniority
Reverse
All
Republican
Democrat
Independent
Senators
Representatives


a normal paragraph
A bold paragraph
A italic paragraph
a paragraph
I am bold and on the right
I am bold, purple and on the left


Issue 4239
: [Firebug Lite] Using ie7-js library crashes IE8
test markup
Steps to reproduce
Load Firebug Lite
Load IE9.js
Expected Result
The browser should not crash