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674
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Oracle Performance Tuning and Optimization
by Edward Whalen
Sams, Macmillan Computer Publishing
ISBN: 067230886x Pub Date: 04/01/96
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22
1000
Index
A
- ACID tests (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability), 55-58
- ad-hoc, 22, 608
- add-ons, see Parallel Query option; Parallel Server option
- AdHawk tool, 498
- administrator (database administrator), 23, 610
- agents, SNMP agents, 76
- aggregate functions, 608
- AIO, see Asynchronous I/O
- alerts, triggers, 470
- alias, see synonyms
- ALL_CONS_COLUMNS view, 467
- ALL_CONSTRAINTS view, 467
- ALL_ROWS hint, 479
- ALL_TRIGGERS view, 471
- ALTER TABLE command, 466
- analysis tools, 496
- defined, 490
- Oracle Mission Control, 496-497
- Oracle Trace, 497
- parameters, list of, 627-629
- summary, 499
- third-party tools, 497
- AdHawk, 498
- DATA-XPERT, 498
- DBGENERAL, 498
- Patrol, 498-499
- Precise/SQL suite, 498
- TSreorg, 498
- ANALYZE command, 441-442
- checking structural integrity, 444
- data dictionary statistics, 445-447
- gathering chained-row statistics, 444-445
- gathering statistics, 442-443
- Analyze/SQL tool, 498
- AND_EQUAL hint, 481
- application development tools, 494, 534
- advantages, 534
- defined, 490
- first-generation tools, 534-535
- modern tools, 535
- Oracle tools, 494, 536
- Developer/2000, 495, 536-544
- Power Objects, 495, 544-546
- third-party tools, 495, 546
- Delphi, 495-496, 547-548
- PowerBuilder, 495, 552
- ReportSmith, 548-549
- SQL Windows, 495, 550-552
- tuning automatically generated SQL statements, 535-536
- application servers
- defined, 557-558
- tuning, 559
- applications, 17
- client, bottlenecks, 523
- ConText, 18
- designing, 83, 426
- clusters, 430
- discrete transactions, 435-436
- functions, 432-433
- hash clusters, 431-432
- indexes, 426-429
- optimization techniques, 433-434
- packages, 432-433
- procedures, 432-433
- Media Server, 18
- Oracle Financial Applications, 17
- Oracle Office, 17-18
- Oracle WebServer, 18
- registering, 417
- tuning considerations, 420
- analyzing effects of SQL statements, 424-425
- analyzing SQL statements, 422-424
- problem analysis, 420-421
- summary, 425, 591-592
- ARCH (Archiver Process), 12, 26-27
- architectures
- buses, 211-212
- memory, 210
- virtual memory system, 211
- microkernel architecture, 183
- networks
- hardware components, 566-570
- protcols, 570-572
- operating systems
- NetWare, 178-179
- OS/2, 188
- UNIX, 192
- Windows NT, 183-184
- Parallel Server option, 340-343
- three-tiered system architecture, 557-558
- tuning, 559
- two-tiered system architecture, 556
- archive logs
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 295
- defined, 26-27, 134-135
- financial systems, 372
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 255
- TextServer 3.0 systems
1000
, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- ARCHIVELOG mode, backup and recovery process, 351
- Archiver process (ARCH), 12, 26-27
- arrays
- disk arrays, 611
- processing, 510
- Asynchronous I/O (AIO)
- defined, 22, 171-172, 608
- operating systems, 589
- UNIX, 198-200
- ATM networks, 570
- atomicity, 55
- Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID tests), 55-58
- AUDIT command, 472-473
- audit trails, 472-473
- AUDIT_TRAIL parameter, 641
- AUTO_MOUNTING parameter, 642
B
- B*-Tree index structure, 149
- background processes
- ARCH (Archiver), 12
- CKPT (Checkpoint), 11
- fast checkpoints, 26
- normal checkpoints, 26
- DBWR (Database Writer), 11
- defined, 11-12
- Dnnn (Dispatcher), 12
- LCK (Parallel Server Lock), 12
- LGWR (Log Writer), 11
- PMON (Process Monitor), 11
- RECO (Recovery process), 12
- SMON (System Monitor), 12
- BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST parameter, 629
- backups
- characteristics, 352
- cold (offline) backups, 352
- data access patterns during backup, 353
- goals of backups, 353-354
- hot (online) backups, 352-353
- loads during backups, 353
- cold (offline) backups
- defined, 350, 354
- hardware considerations, 355-356
- physical data access, 354-355
- software considerations, 355-356
- design considerations, summary, 358
- enhancements, 359
- CPU, 359
- I/O, 359-360
- networks, 360
- segmenting backups, 360-362
- summary, 361-362
- testing database, 362
- testing operating system, 363-365
- verifying performance, 362-365
- exports, 350
- full backups, 350
- hot (online) backups
- defined, 350, 355-356
- hardware considerations, 357-358
- physical data access, 356-357
- software considerations, 357-358
- offline backups, 350
- online tablespace backups, defined, 350
- processes, 351
- recovery process, 351-352
- software testing, 364-365
- tuning considerations, 358-359
- bandwidth
- buses, 212
- defined, 608
- network design, 576-577
- batch processing systems
- archive logs, 276
- block
- buffers, 274
- size, 277
- characteristics, 266-267
- data access patterns, 267
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 268-269
- loads, 267-268
- summary, 269
- checkpoints, 276
- clusters, 277
- comparisons to OLTP systems, 265
- contention, latch contention, 275
- defined, 27, 608
- design considerations, 270
- direct write sorts, 277
- enhancements, 590
- benchmarks, 282-283
- CPU, 279
- hardware, 279-281
- high-speed compression, 280-281
- high-speed tape, 280-281
- I/O, 279-280
- list of, 277
- networks, 280
- Parallel Query option, 277-278
- Parallel Server option, 278
- summary, 281
- testing database, 281
- testing operating system, 282
- verifying performance, 281-283
- hardware considerations, 274
- hash clusters, 277
- indexes, 277
- library cache, 275
- performance criteria of system, 38
- checklist, 39
- physical data layouts, 270-271
- disk arrays, 272-273
- traditional disks, 271-272
- segments, rollback segments, 275
- tuning considerations
- Oracle, 274-276
- server operating systems, 276-277
- bench
1000
marks
- batch processing systems, 282-283
- BLOB systems, 336-337
- custom benchmarks, 70
- defined, 51-52
- writing benchmarks, 70-72
- data warehouses, 320-321
- decision support systems, 301-302
- defined, 51-52
- OLTP systems, 262
- publications, 69
- standard benchmarks
- defined, 51-53
- TPC (Transaction Processing Performance Council), 53- 57
- testing, 69
- UNIX features, 200-203
- Binary Large Objects, see BLOB systems
- binding variables, 401
- bits, 29
- BLANK_TRIMMING parameter, 629
- BLOB systems (Binary Large Objects)
- archive logs, 332
- block
- buffers, 332
- size, 333
- checkpoints, 332
- characteristics, 324
- data access patterns, 324
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 325-326
- loads, 324-325
- summary, 326-327
- clusters, 333
- contention, latch contention, 332
- defined, 28, 323-324, 608
- design considerations, 327
- enhancements, 333, 590
- benchmarks, 336-337
- CPU, 334
- hardware, 334-335
- I/O, 334-335
- networks, 335
- Parallel Query option, 333
- summary, 335
- testing database, 336
- testing server operating system, 336
- verifying performance, 335-337
- hardware considerations, 331
- indexes, 333
- library cache, 332
- mutiblock reads, 332
- physical data layout, 328
- disk arrays, 329-331
- traditional disks, 328-329
- segments, rollback segments, 332
- tuning considerations
- Oracle, 332
- server operating systems, 333
- blocks
- buffers
- batch operating systems, 274
- BLOB systems, 332
- cache, 583
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 294
- defined, 22
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 384
- OLTP systems, 254
- replicated systems, 376
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 388
- defined, 22, 608
- indexes, 149
- multiblock reads or writes, 152-153
- size, 584
- batch processing systems, 277
- BLOB systems, 333
- changing, 140-141
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- financial systems, 372
- OLTP systems, 256
- testing disk block size in backup process, 363
- testing tape drives for backup process, 363
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- body
- functions, 454
- packages, 458
- procedures, 453
- bottlenecks
- clients, performance, 522
- application, 523
- hardware, 524
- network, 523
- presentation, 524
- defined, 92
- finding, 92
- removing, 93
- branch blocks, indexes, 149
- bridges, networks, 577
- buffer
- buffers
- block buffers, 608
- batch operating systems, 274
- BLOB systems, 332
- cache, 583
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 294
- defined, 22
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 384
- OLTP systems, 254
- replicated systems, 376
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 388
- cache, 9, 22, 608
- cache-hits ratio, 107-108
- SQL statement, 597
- tuning, 107-108
- UNIX operating systems, 193
- clean buffers, 22, 608
- defined, 22, 608
- dirty buffers, 22, 608
- disk drive, 215
- redo log buffer, 10, 608
- contention, 60
1000
0-601
- latch contention, 131-132
- buses
- architecture, 211-212
- bandwidth, 212, 608
- defined, 211
- business models, 27-28
- see also financial systems
- bytes, 29
C
- cache
- buffer cache, 9, 22, 583
- cache-hits ratio, 107-108
- SQL statement, 597
- tuning, 107-108
- UNIX operating systems, 193
- CPU cache, 206-207, 210
- data dictionary cache, 582
- SQL statement, 596-597
- defined, 22, 608
- disk arrays
- controller caches, 228
- read/write caches, 229
- write caches, 228-229
- hits, 609
- increasing in library cache, 100-102
- ratio in buffer cache, 107-108
- library cache, 450-452, 582
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 371
- hits, 451
- misses, 451
- office systems, 384
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statement, 596
- stored functions and procedures, 456-457
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 388
- cache affinity, 174
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 333
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 296
- OLTP systems, 255
- operating systems, 589
- UNIX
- disabling preemptive scheduling, 202
- summary of tuning guidelines, 202-203
- CACHE hint, 485
- cache miss, shared pool, 101
- CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD parameter, 347, 639
- calls, recursive calls, 118
- Cartesian products, 505-506, 609
- CD-ROM, SQL scripts on, 646-648
- Central Processing Unit, see CPU
- chaining rows, 117-118
- gathering chained-row statistics, 444-445
- SQL statement, 599
- CHAR data type, 510
- CHECK constraint, 465
- CHECKPOINT_PROCESS parameter, 629
- checkpoints, 11, 26, 133-134
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 295
- defined, 26
- fast checkpoints, 26, 134
- financial systems, 372
- normal checkpoints, 26, 133
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 255
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- checksums, 23, 609
- CHOOSE hint, 479
- CISC processors (Complex Instruction Set Computer), 207-208
- CKPT, see checkpoints
- classes, Oracle Power Objects, 545-546
- classroom training, 19
- CLEANUP_ROLLBACK_ENTRIES parameter, 630
- client processes, 10
- client/server systems
- defined, 519-520
- performance criteria, 32-33
- checklist, 35-36
- client component, 33
- network, 35
- server component, 33-35
- transactions, running, 32
- clients
- bottlenecks, performance, 522
- application, 523
- hardware, 524
- network, 523
- presentation, 524
- computing models, 520
- three-tiered system, 521-522
- two-tiered system, 520-521
- defined, 32, 516
- development of
- client/server model, 519-520
- GUI/Server model, 517-519
- network computing model, 517
- traditional computing model, 516-517
- performance criteria, 33
- tuning considerations, 85
- summary, 592
- CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_ CURSORS parameter, 630
- CLUSTER hint, 481
- cluster key, 609
- clusters, 584
- advantages, 141-143
- batch processing systems
1000
, 277
- BLOB systems, 333
- computers, 609
- creating, 430
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- defined, 6
- design stage, 83
- disadvantages, 142-143
- financial systems, 372
- index clusters, 141, 427, 609
- OLTP systems, 256
- Parallel Server option, 340
- tables, 609
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- views, data in, 446
- WebServer systems, 389
- see also hash clusters
- cold (offline) backups
- defined, 350, 352-354
- hardware/software considerations, 355-356
- physical data access, 354-355
- cold data, 609
- cold databases, 609
- collisions, 609
- columns
- indexes, choosing columns to index, 428
- indexing, data selection guidelines, 151
- tables, 6
- views, data in, 447
- commands
- ALTER TABLE, 466
- ANALYZE, 441-442
- checking structural integrity, 444
- data dictionary statistics, 445-447
- gathering chained-row statistics, 444-445
- gathering statistics, 442-443
- AUDIT, 472-473
- CREATE SEQUENCE, parameters, 502-503
- CREATE TABLE, 466
- CREATE TRIGGER, 469
- DDL (Data Definition Language), 23, 610
- DML (Data Manipulation Language), 23, 611
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- analyzing SQL statement execution, 424
- defined, 394-395, 404, 414
- extracting results of, 416
- initialization, 414-415
- invoking, 415-416
- NOAUDIT, 472-473
- COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH parameter, 638
- COMPATABLE parameter, 630
- COMPATABLE_NO_ RECOVERY parameter, 630
- Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC processors), 207-208
- complex statements, 609
- component queries, 609
- composite indexes, 149
- advantages, 151
- creating, 428-429
- defined, 427
- compound queries, 609
- compression, high- performance com- pression, 365
- computing
- client/server models, 519-520
- three-tiered system, 521-522
- two-tiered system, 520-521
- development of, 516-520
- GUI/Server model, 517-519
- network computing model, 517
- traditional computing model, 516-517
- concurrency, 23, 610
- configuring disk array systems, 240
- connectivity, 43
- consistency, 55
- consistent mode, 610
- consistent read, 610
- constraints, 466
- CHECK, 465
- defined, 610
- FOREIGN, 465
- implementing
- at table creation, 466
- at table modification, 466-467
- integrity constraints, list of, 465
- NOT NULL, 465
- PRIMARY, 465
- summary, 469
- UNIQUE, 465
- viewing, 467-469
- consulting services, 18
- contention
- defined, 23, 610
- disk contention, 109-110
- identifying problems, 110-111
- isolating sequential I/Os, 112
- separating data from index, 116
- striping random I/Os, 112-116
- free list contention, 136-137
- SQL statement, 602
- latch contention, 130-131, 314
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 255
- redo log buffer, 131-132
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statement, 601
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- redo log buffer contention, 130-131
- rollback contention, 123
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 254
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statement, 599-600
- WebServer systems, 389
SQL statement, 600-601
- ConText, 18
- control files, 5
- CONTROL_FILES parameter, 630
- controller, 227
- caches, 228
- fiber optic networks, 569
- read/write caches, 229
- write caches, 228
- conversions, 28
- binary storage units, 29-30
- powers of 10, 29
- copying databases, see replicated systems
- core
- OS/2, 188
- Windows NT, 183
- cost-based optimization method
- ANALYZE command, 441-442
- checking structural integrity, 444
- data dictionary statistics, 445-447
- gathering chained-row statistics, 444-445
- gathering statistics, 442-443
- choosing, 438-439
- defined, 434, 441, 610
- hints, 447
- count parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- CPU (Central Processing Unit), 206
- cache, 206-207, 210
- CISC processors (Complex Instruction Set Computer), 207-208
- defined, 206-207
- enhancements
- backup process, 359
- batch processing system, 279
- BLOB system , 334
- data warehouse, 317
- decision support system, 298-299
- OLTP, 257-258
- replicated system, 377
- multiprocessor systems, 209
- MPP (Massively Parallel Processor), 209-210
- SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor), 209
- RISC processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), 208
- cpu parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- CREATE SEQUENCE command, parameters, 502-503
- CREATE TABLE command, 466
- CREATE TRIGGER command, 469
- current mode, 610
- current parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- current read, 610
- cursor, 23, 610
- CURSOR SPACE FOR TIME parameter, 254
- custom benchmarks
- defined, 51-52
- writing benchmarks, 70-71
- analysis, 72
- design, 71
- implementation, 71-72
- Customer-Demographics transactions, OLTP, 65
- Customer-Inquiry transactions, OLTP, 65
- Customer-Status transactions, OLTP, 65
- cylinders (platters), 215
D
- data access patterns
- backup process, 353
- batch processing systems, 267
- BLOB systems, 324
- consistent read, 610
- data warehouses, 305-306
- decision support systems, 287-288
- OLTP systems, 246-247
- data blocks, 8
- see also extents; segments
- Data Definition Language, see DDL
- data dictionary
- cache, 103-104, 582
- defined, 5, 23, 610
- data files
- defined, 5
- logical layer, 5-6
- data generation, triggers, 469
- data integrity, see integrity
- Data Manipulation Language, see DML
- data segments, 8
- data transfer rate, 217-218
- data validation, triggers, 469
- data warehouses
- archive logs, 314
- block
- buffers, 313
- size, 315
- characteristics, 304-305
- data access patterns, 305-308
- loads, 306-307
- summary, 307-308
- checkpoints, 314
- clusters, 315
- contention, latch contention, 314
- defined, 28, 610
- design considerations, 308
- fault tolerance, 311
- hardware, 312
- physical data layout, 308-311
- direct-write sorts, 315
- enhancements, 590
- benchmarks, 320-321
- CPU, 317
- hardware, 317-319
- I/O, 317-318
- list of, 315
- networks, 319
- Parallel Query option, 316
- Parallel Server option, 316-317
- summary, 319
- testing database, 320
- testing operating system, 320
- ve
1000
rifying performance, 319-321
- fault tolerance considerations, 311
- hardware considerations, 312
- hash clusters, 315
- indexes, 315
- library cache, 313
- multiblock reads, 313
- physical data layout
- disk arrays, 310-311
- traditional disks, 309-310
- segments, rollback segments, 313
- tuning considerations
- Oracle, 312-314
- server operating systems, 314-315
- DATA-XPERT tool, 498
- database administrator (DBA), 610
- database design tools
- defined, 490
- Designer/2000, 490-492
- generators, 492
- Process Modeller, 491
- Systems Designer, 491-492
- Systems Modeller, 491
- third-party tools, 492-493
- ERwin/ERX, 493
- S-Designor, 493
- SQL Coder, 493-494
- database replication, see replicated systems
- Database Trigger Editor (Procedure Builder tool), 542
- Database Writer (DBWR), 11
- databases
- blocks, 608
- cold databases, 609
- design stage, layout considerations, 82
- hot databases, 611
- logical layer
- data blocks, 8
- data dictionary, 5
- data files, 5-6
- defined, 5
- extents, 8
- schemas, 25
- segments, 7
- tablespaces, 5-6
- offline databases, 613
- online databases, 613
- physical layer
- control files, 5
- data files, 5
- defined, 4
- redo log files, 5
- schema
- defined, 6-7
- objects, 6
- data dictionary cache, SQL statement, 596-597
- DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS parameter, 620
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKPOINT_ BATCH parameter, 620-621
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM parameter, 628
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_EXTENDED_ STATISTICS para- meter, 628
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_STATISTICS parameter, 628
- DB_DOMAIN parameter, 630
- DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_ READ_COUNT para-meter, 621
- DB_FILE_SIMULTANEOUS_ WRITES parameter, 621
- DB_FILES parameter, 631
- DB_LOG_CHECKSUM parameter, 628
- DB_MOUNT_MODE parameter, 642
- DB_NAME parameter, 631
- DBA (Database Adminstrator), 23, 610
- DBA_CONS_COLUMNS view, 467
- DBA_CONSTRAINTS view, 467
- DBA_TRIGGERS view, 471
- DBGENERAL tool, 498
- DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN parameter, 631
- DBWR (Database Writer), 11
- DDL (Data Definition Language) commands, 23, 610
- deadlocks, 510, 611
- decision support systems
- archive logs, 295
- block size, 296
- characteristics, 287
- data access patterns, 287-288
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 289
- loads, 288-289
- summary, 289-290
- checkpoint, 295
- clusters, 296
- contention, latch contention, 295
- defined, 28, 611
- design considerations, 290
- physical data layout, 291-293
- direct write sorts, 296
- enhancements, 296-297, 590
- benchmarks, 301-302
- CPU, 298-299
- hardware, 298-300
- I/O, 299-300
- networks, 300
- Parallel Query option, 297
- Parallel Server option, 297-298
- summary, 300
- testing database, 301
- testing operating system, 301
- verifying performance, 300-302
- hardware considerations, 294
- hash clusters, 296
- indexes, 296
- library cache, 295
- multiblock reads, 295
- physical data layout, 291
- disk arrays, 292-293
- traditional disks, 291-292
- segments, rollback segments, 295
- tuning considerations
- Oracle, 294-295
- server operating system, 295-296
- declarations
- functi
1000
ons, 454
- packages, 458
- procedures, 453
- deferred frames, 611
- DELETE statement, 611
- displaying execution plan with EXPLAIN PLAN command, 414-416
- Delivery transaction (TPC-C benchmark), 62
- Delphi, 495-496, 547
- Delphi Forms Developer, 547-548
- design considerations, 82
- applications, 83, 426
- clusters, 430
- discrete transactions, 435-436
- functions, 432-433
- hash clusters, 431-432
- indexes, 426-429
- optimization techniques, 433-434
- packages, 432-433
- procedures, 432-433
- backup process, 354
- cold (offline) backups, 354-355
- hot (online) backups, 355-358
- summary, 358
- batch processing systems
- hardware, 274
- physical data layout, 270-273
- BLOB systems, 327
- hardware, 331
- physical data layout, 328-331
- clusters, 83
- data warehouses, 308
- database layout, 82
- decision support systems, 290
- hardware, 294
- distributed systems, 378-379
- financial systems, 369-371
- hardware selection, 83-84
- indexes, 83
- networks, 84, 576
- bandwidth, 576-577
- bridges, 577
- hubs, 577
- routers, 577
- segmenting networks, 577
- office systems, 384
- Parallel Server option, 343
- goals, 343-345
- physical data layout, 308-309
- replicated systems, 375-377
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 375
- systems, list of, 590-591
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 380-381
- WebServer systems, 387-388
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 387
- Designer/2000, 16, 82, 490-492
- generators, 492
- Process Modeller, 491
- Systems Designer, 491-492
- Systems Modeller, 491
- Developer/2000, 16, 82, 495
- features, 536-544
- Forms Designer tool, 536-538
- Graphics Designer tool, 537, 540-542
- Procedure Builder tool, 537, 542-544
- Reports Designer tool, 536, 538-540
- development tools, see application development tools
- device drivers, 611
- Dircect FS interface, 171
- direct I/O, see synchronous I/O
- Direct Write Sort option (Parallel Query option), 158
- direct write sorts, 143, 158
- batch processing systems, 277
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- disabling
- SQL Trace
- for an instance, 406
- per-session basis, 405-406
- SQL Trace command, 410
- discrete transactions, 435-436
- DISCRETE_TRANSACTIONS_ ENABLED parameter, 621
- disk arrays
- advantages, 226
- batch processing systems, 272-273
- BLOB systems, 329-331
- configuring RAID, 235-236
- distributing random I/Os, 237-238
- isolating sequential I/Os, 236-237
- sizing logical volume, 238-239
- configuring systems, 240
- data warehouses, 310-311
- decision support systems, 292-293
- defined, 24, 225-226, 611
- fault-tolerance concerns, 233
- Full Data Protection mode, 233-234
- No Data Protection mode, 233
- Partial Data Protection mode, 233-235
- summary, 235
- hardware arrays
- controller, 227-228
- controller caches, 228
- read/write caches, 229
- write caches, 228-229
- hot-swappable disk drives, 228
- I/O rates, 234
- logical disks, defined, 24
- OLTP systems, 252-253
- operations, 226
- RAID, 229
- comparing RAID levels, 240-241
- RAID-0, 230
- RAID-1, 230-231
- RAID-2, 231
- RAID-3, 231
- RAID-4, 232
RAID-5, 232
- summarizing RAID levels, 232
- software arrays, 227
- disk bound systems, 108
- disk I/O, 108-109
- contention, 109-110
- checkpoints, 133-134
- free list contention, 136-137
- identifying problems, 110-111
- isolating sequential I/Os, 112
- latch contention, 130-132
- rollback segments, 123-130
- separating data from indexes, 116
- striping random I/Os, 112-116
- data transfer rate, 217-218
- disk operation, 214-215
- interfaces, list of, 171
- queue time, 218
- random I/Os, 220
- rotational latency, 217
- averages, 219
- seek time, 216-217
- averages, 219
- sequential I/Os, 220-222
- SQL statement, 597-598
- disk parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- disks
- block size, testing in backup process, 363
- defined, 214
- drive, 214
- buffer, 215
- cylinder, 215
- data transfer rate, 217-218
- hot-swappable disk drives, 228
- platters, 214
- queue time, 218
- rotational latency, 217
- tracks, 214
- fragmentation, 144-146
- hot spots, 108
- logical disks, 24, 612
- storage capacity, 98
- Dispatcher processes (Dnnn process), 12
- Distributed Lock Manager, see DLM
- distributed option
- defined, 14
- parameters, list of, 638-639
- distributed systems
- characteristics, 378
- defined, 368, 377-378
- design considerations, 378-379
- summary of, 379
- transactions, 378
- tuning considerations, 378-379
- DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_ TIMEOUT parameter, 638
- DISTRIBUTED_ RECOVERY_CONNECTION_ HOLD_TIME para- meter, 638
- DISTRIBUTED_ TRANSACTIONS parameter, 639
- DLM (Distributed Lock Manager), 162
- Parallel Server option, 341-342
- DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands, 23, 611
- DML_LOCKS parameter, 622
- Dnnn process (Dispatcher processes), 12
- drivers, device drivers, 611
- drives, disk drives
- buffer, 215
- cylinder, 215
- data transfer rate, 217-218
- defined, 214
- hot-swappable disk drives, 228
- platters, 214
- queue time, 218
- rotational latency, 217
- testing block size for backup process, 363
- tracks, 214
- DSS, see decision support systems
- durability, 56
- dynamic performance tables
- buffer cache statistics, 107
- defined, 24, 611
- V$FILESTAT, disk access information, 597
- V$LATCH, latch contention data, 601
- V$ROLLSTAT, dynamic rollback growth data, 600
- V$ROLLSTAT table, rollback segment data, 129
- V$SYSSTAT, recursive calls data, 599
- V$WAITSTAT
- rollback contention data, 599
- rollback segment data, 127
- views, table of, 74-75
E
- educational services, 19
- elapsed parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- elapsed time, SQL Trace, 412
- enabling
- SQL Trace
- for an instance, 406
- per-session basis, 405
- SQL Trace command, 409
- enhancements, 583
- block size, 584
- clusters, 584
- fragmentation reductions, 584-585
- hash clusters, 585
- indexes, 585
- multiblock reads and writes, 586
- Parallel Query option, 586-587
- Parallel Server option, 587-588
- spin counts, 588
- ENQUEUE_RESOURCES parameter, 631
- equijoins, 505, 611
- errors, hints, 477-478
- ERwin/ERX tool, 493
- Ethernet, 566-568, 611
- packets, 567
- Etherplex board, OLTP enhancements, 259
- EVENT parameter, 628
- events, logging triggers, 469
1000
- exception handlers, 455
- EXCEPTION statement, 455
- Exclusive Lock mode, Parallel Server option, 342
- executing SQL statements, 401
- execution plans, displaying, 414-416
- EXPLAIN PLAN command
- analyzing SQL statement execution, 424
- defined, 77, 394-395, 404, 414
- extracting results of, 416
- initialization, 414-415
- invoking, 415-416
- explicit locking, 509
- exports, 350
- extents, 8, 611
- see also data blocks; segments
F
- fast checkpoints, 26, 134
- fault-tolerance
- comparisons for disk array RAID levels, 240-241
- data warehouses, 311
- disk arrays, 233
- Full Data Protection mode, 233-234
- No Data Protection mode, 233
- Partial Data Protection mode, 233-235
- summary, 235
- goals, 43
- Parallel Server option, 340
- FDR (Full Disclosure Report), TPC benchmarks, 56-57
- fiber optic networks (FDDI networks), 569-570
- Fibre Channel networks, 570
- file systems, UNIX, 198
- files
- logical layer, data files, 5-6
- physical layer, 5
- redo log files, 614
- financial systems, 17
- archive logs, 372
- block
- buffers, 371
- size, 372
- characteristics, 369
- checkpoints, 372
- clusters, 372
- contention
- latch contention, 371
- rollback contention, 371
- defined, 368
- design considerations, 369-371
- goals for optimally tuned systems, 369
- enhancements, 372-373
- hash clusters, 372
- indexes, 372
- library cache, 371
- reads and writes, 372
- Parallel Query option, 372
- segments, rollback segments, 371
- spin counts, 371
- summary of, 373
- tuning considerations, 371-372
- FIRST_ROWS hint, 479-480
- FIXED_DATE parameter, 628
- flowcharts
- Oracle optimizer, 605
- problem-solving methodology, 604
- SQL statement processing, 605
- user-transaction profile, 605
- FOREIGN constraint, 465
- foreign keys, 611
- Forms Designer tool
- Designer/2000, 536-538
- Oracle Power Objects, 544-545
- Forms Developer (Delphi), 547-548
- Forms Generator tool, 492
- formulas, checksums, 23, 609
- fragmentation, 144-146
- reducing, 584-585
- frames
- deferred frames, 611
- defined, 613
- free list contention, 136-137
- SQL statement, 602
- front-end computer, see clients
- full backups, 350
- Full Data Protection mode (fault-tolerance), 234
- Full Disclosure Report (FDR), 67-69
- TPC benchmarks, 56-57
- FULL hint, 481
- functions, 432-433
- aggregate functions, 608
- body, 454
- comparisons to, 452
- declarations, 454
- defined, 24, 452-454, 611
- EXCEPTION, 455
- packages, 24
- parameters, 454
- PL/SQL language, 454-455
- RDBMS_OUTPUT package, 456
- RETURN, 454-455
- return values, 454
- stored functions
- creating, 456-457
- defined, 452
- properties, 452
- replacing, 457
- syntax, 453
- see also procedures
G
- GB (gigabyte), 30
- GC_DB_LOCKS parameter, 347, 639
- GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS parameter, 347, 640
- GC_LCK_PROCS parameter, 347, 640
- GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS parameter, 347, 640
- GC_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter, 640
- GC_SAVE_ROLLBACK_LOCKS parameter, 640
- GC_SEGMENTS parameter, 640
- GC_TABLESPACES parameter, 640
- generating data, t
1000
riggers, 469
- generators, 492
- gigabyte (GB), 30
- GLOBAL_NAMES parameter, 632
- goals (tuning), 42
- backup process, 353-354
- connectivity, 43
- design goals
- financial systems, 369
- Parallel Server option, 343-345
- replicated systems, 375
- WebServer systems, 387
- fault tolerance, 43
- load time, 44
- response time, 42-43
- setting goals for optimal performance, 48-50
- throughput, 42
- tuning considerations
- batch processing systems, 268-269
- BLOB systems, 325-326
- data warehouses, 307-308
- decision support systems, 289
- OLTP systems, 248-249
- operating systems, 589
- Graphics Designer tool (Designer/2000), 537, 540-542
H
- HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer), 184
- hardware
- backup process
- cold (offline) backups, 355
- hot (online) backups, 357-358
- batch processing systems, 274
- enhancements, 279-281
- BLOB systems, 331
- enhancements, 334
- bottlenecks
- client, 524
- finding, 93
- buying considerations, 83-84
- CPU (Central Processing Unit), 206-207
- data warehouses, 312
- enhancements, 317-319
- decision support systems, 294
- enhancements, 298-300
- network components, 566
- Ethernet networks, 566-568
- fiber optic networks, 569-570
- new technologies, 570
- Token Ring networks, 568-569
- OLTP systems, 253, 257
- CPU enhancements, 257-258
- Etherplex board, 259
- I/O enhancements, 258-259
- network enhancements, 259
- striping, 114-115
- tuning, 531-532
- resources, 94
- Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), 184
- hardware disk arrays, controller, 227-228
- caches, 228
- read/write caches, 229
- write caches, 228-229
- hash clusters, 146-147, 585
- advantages, 147-148
- batch processing systems, 277
- creating, 431-432
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- disadvantages, 147-148
- financial systems, 372
- OLTP systems, 256
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- see also clusters
- HASH hint, 482
- hierarchy
- databases
- logical layer, 5-8
- physical layer, 4-5
- instance, 8
- memory structure, 8-10
- processes, 10-13
- transactions, 12-13
- high-performance compression, backup process, 365
- high-speed compression, batch processing systems, 280-281
- high-speed tape, batch processing systems, 280-281
- hints
- access methods, 481
- AND_EQUAL hint, 481
- CLUSTER hint, 481
- FULL hint, 481
- HASH hint, 482
- INDEX hint, 482
- INDEX_ASC hint, 483
- INDEX_DESC hint, 483
- ORDERED hint, 484
- ROWID hint, 483
- USE_CONCAT hint, 483-484
- USE_MERGE hint, 484
- USE_NL hint, 485
- advantages, 476
- errors, 477-478
- examples, 477-478
- implementing, 476-478
- multiple, 478
- optimization techniques, 447-478
- ALL_ROWS hint, 479
- CHOOSE hint, 479
- FIRST_ROWS hint, 479-480
- RULE hint, 480-481
- Parallel Query option, 485
- CACHE hint, 485
- NOCACHE hint, 486
- NOPARALLEL hint, 486
- PARALLEL hint, 485-486
- PUSH_SUBQ hint, 486
- syntax, 477
- host-based systems, see terminal-based systems
- hot
1000
(online) backups, 350-353, 355-356
- hardware considerations, 357-358
- physical data access, 356
- isolating networks, 357
- isolating tablespaces, 356
- temporary backup space, 357
- software considerations, 357-358
- hot data, 611
- hot databases, 611
- hot spots, 108
- hot-swappable disk drives, 228
- HPPI (High Performance Parallel Interface) networks, 570
- hubs, network design considerations, 577
I
- I/O (Input/Output)
- asynchronous I/O, 171-172
- backup process, enhancements, 359-360
- batch processing systems, 276
- enhancements, 279-280
- BLOB systems, 333
- enhancements, 334-335
- checkpoints, 133-134
- contention, 109-110
- free list contention, 136-137
- identifying contention problems, 110-111
- latch contention, 130-132
- data transfer rate, 217-218
- data warehouses, 314
- enhancements, 317-318
- decision support systems, 296
- enhancements, 299-300
- defined, 108-109, 170-171, 612
- Dircect FS interface, 171
- disk arrays, 234
- interfaces, list of, 171
- OLTP systems, 255
- enhancements, 258-259
- operating systems, 589
- NetWare, 182-183
- OS/2, 190-191
- UNIX, 197-200
- Windows NT, 186-187, 528
- operation, 214-215
- queue time, 218
- random I/O
- defined, 24, 220, 598, 614
- disk rates, 598
- distributing in disk arrays, 237-238
- spreading out, 590, 598
- striping data, 112-116
- raw devices, 171
- reducing overhead, 117
- chaining rows, 117-118
- checking for recursive calls, 118-119
- dynamic extensions, 118-119
- migrating rows, 117-118
- PCTFREE command option, 119-122
- PCTUSED command option, 119-122
- techniques, 122
- replicated system enhancement, 377
- rotational latency, 217-219
- seek time, 216-217, 219
- separating data from indexes, 116
- sequential I/O
- defined, 25, 111, 220-222, 598, 615
- disk rates, 598
- isolating, 112, 590, 598
- isolating for disk arrays, 236-237
- SQL statement, 597-598
- synchronous I/O, 171-172
- tuning considerations, 590
- I/O bound systems, 108
- IFILE parameter, 632
- INDEX hint, 482
- index segments, 8
- INDEX_ASC hint, 483
- INDEX_DESC hint, 483
- indexes, 585
- avoiding, 429
- B*-Tree structure, 149
- batch processing systems, 277
- BLOB systems, 333
- blocks, 149
- choosing
- columns to index, 428
- tables to index, 427-428
- cluster indexes
- advantages, 141-165
- creating, 430
- defined, 141, 427, 584
- disadvantages, 142-143
- see also hash clusters
- composite indexes
- advantages, 151
- creating, 428-429
- defined, 149, 427
- creating, 149-150, 426-429
- parallel index creation, 159
- data selection guidelines, 150-152
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- defined, 6, 148-152, 612
- design stage, 83
- financial systems, 372
- nonunique indexes, defined, 149, 427
- OLTP systems, 256
- separating data from, 116
- TextServer 3.0 system, 381
- types, 149
- unique indexes, 149, 427
- INIT_SQL_FILES parameter, 632
- initialization parameters, 612
- initializing
- EXPLAIN PLAN command, 414-415
- SQL Trace parameters, 404-405
- Input/Output, see I/O
- INSERT statement
1000
- defined, 612
- execution plan, displaying with EXPLAIN PLAN command, 414-416
- Inspect/SQL tool, 498
- instance
- archive logs, 134-135
- buffer cache, SQL statement, 597
- chained rows, SQL statement, 599
- checkpoints, 133-134
- data dictionary cache, SQL statement, 596-597
- defined, 4, 8, 612
- disk I/O
- SQL statement, 597-598
- storing data, 98
- free list contention, 136-137
- SQL statement, 602
- latch contention, 130-131
- SQL statement, 601
- library cache, SQL statement, 596
- memory
- buffer cache, 107-108
- operating system, 99
- private PL/SQL area, 100
- private SQL area, 100
- shared pool, 100-106
- sorts, 135-136
- storing data, 98
- migrated rows, SQL statement, 599
- processes
- background processes, 11-12
- defined, 10
- server (shadow) processes, 11
- user (client) processes, 10
- recursive calls, SQL statement, 599
- redo log buffer contention, 130-131, 600-601
- latch contention, 131-132
- rollback contention, SQL statement, 599-600
- rollback segments, 123-126
- avoiding dynamic growth, 129
- contention, 123-130
- dynamic growth of, 600
- extent size and number, 128-129
- number of, 127-128
- optimizing, 130
- size, 128
- shared memory structure, 8
- PGA (Program Global Area), 10
- SGA (System Global Area), 9-10
- sorts, SQL statement, 601-602
- transactions, 25
- INSTANCE_NUMBER parameter, 641
- integrity, 462
- constraints, 466
- implementing at table creation, 466
- implementing at table modification, 466-467
- list of, 465
- summary, 469
- viewing, 467-469
- referential integrity
- defined, 462, 614
- tables, 463-464
- serial reads, 473
- see also triggers
- interfaces
- I/O, list of interfaces, 171
- raw device interface, UNIX, 198
- IP/SQL statements, procedures, 24
- ISM (Intimate Shared Memory), UNIX operating systems, 201
- isolation, 56
J
- JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL parameter, 632
- JOB_QUEUE_KEEP_ CONNECTIONS parameter, 632
- JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES parameter, 632
- joins
- Cartesian products, 505, 609
- defined, 505, 612
- equijoins, 505, 611
- join conditions, 612
- nonequijoins, 613
- operations, hints, 484-485
- orders, hints, 484
- outer joins, 505, 507, 613
- self joins, 505-506, 615
- summary, 507
- tuning for response time or throughput, 507
K
- KB (kilobyte), 30
- kernels
- OS/2, 188
- Windows NT, 183
- keys
- foreign keys, 611
- primary keys 614
- keywords, triggers, 470
L
- LABEL_CACHE_SIZE parameter, 642
- LANs (Local Area Networks), 612
- latch contention, 130-131
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 255
- redo log buffer contention, 130-131
- latch contention, 131-132
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statement, 601
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- latency, 214
- rotational latency, 217
- averages, 219
- layers
- HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer), 611
- logical layer
- data blocks, 8
- data dictiona
1000
ry, 5
- data files, 5-6
- defined, 5
- extents, 8
- schemas, 25
- segments, 7
- tablespaces, 5-6
- physical layer
- control files, 5
- data files, 5
- defined, 4
- redo log files, 5
- layouts, 82
- batch processing systems, 270-271
- disk arrays, 272-273
- traditional disks, 271-272
- BLOB system, 328
- disk arrays, 329-331
- traditional disks, 328-329
- data warehouses, 308-309
- disk arrays, 310-311
- traditional disks, 309-310
- decision support system, 291
- disk arrays, 292-293
- traditional disks, 291-292
- OLTP system, 250
- disk arrays, 252-253
- traditional disks, 250-252
- LCK (Parallel Server Lock processes), 12
- leaf blocks, indexes, 149
- Level 1 cache, 206
- Level 2 cache, 206
- LGWR process (Log Writer), 11
- library cache, 100-102, 450-452, 582
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- cache hits, 451
- increasing, 100-102
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 371
- misses, 451
- office systems, 384
- OLTP systems, 254
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statement, 596
- SQL Trace, statistics on library cache, 413
- stored functions or procedures
- creating, 456-457
- replacing, 457
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 388
- LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS parameter, 632
- LICENSE_MAX_USERS parameter, 633
- LICENSE_SESSIONS_ WARNING parameter, 633
- lightweight process, 612
- see also processes; threads
- load balancing, disabling in UNIX, 202
- load time, goals, 44
- loads
- backup process, 353
- batch processing systems, 267-268
- BLOB systems, 324-325
- data warehouses, 306-307
- decision support systems, 288-289
- OLTP systems, 247-248
- parallel loading, 159
- Local Area Networks, see LANs
- local transactions, distributed systems, 378
- locking
- deadlocks, 510
- defined, 508
- DLM (Distributed Lock Manager), 162
- explicit locking, 509
- Parallel Server option, 342
- DLM (Distributed Lock Manager), 341
- PCM (Parallel Cache Management), 162, 342-343
- row-level locking, 508
- SELECT
FOR UPDATE statement, 509
- serial reads, 508-509
- summary, 510
- table-level locking, 508
- log files, redo log files, 614
- Log Writer, see LGWR
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFER_SIZE parameter, 622
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFERS parameter, 622
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST parameter, 633
- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT parameter, 633
- LOG_ARCHIVE_START parameter, 634
- LOG_BUFFER parameter, 622
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_ INTERVAL parameter, 622
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT parameter, 623
- LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ ALERT parameter, 634
- LOG_FILES parameter, 634
- LOG_SIMULTANEOUS_ COPIES parameter, 623
- LOG_SMALL_ENTRY_MAX_ SIZE parameter, 623
- logging
- archive logs, 134-135
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 372
- office systems, 385
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- events, triggers, 469
- redo log files, 26-27
- logical disks, 24, 612
- logical layer
- data blocks, 8
- data dictionary, 5
- defined, 5
- extents, 8
- schema, 25
- objects, 25
1000
DL>
- segments, 7
- tablespaces
- data files, 5-6
- defined, 5-6
- SYSTEM tablespace, 5-6
- logical volumes
- defined, 226
- sizing, 238-239
- stripes, 226
- logs, archive logs in OLTP systems, 255
M
- main memory, 612
- Massively Parallel Processor, see MPP
- master/slave architecture, NetWare, 179
- MAX_COMMIT_ PROPAGATION_DELAY parameter, 641
- MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE parameter, 405, 634
- MAX_ENABLED_ROLES parameter, 634
- MAX_ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter, 634
- MB (megabyte), 30
- measurement conversions, 28
- binary storage units, 29-30
- powers of 10, 29
- Media Server, 18
- megabyte (MB), 30
- memory
- architecture, 210
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 333
- buffers
- block buffers, 22, 608
- cache, 107-108, 608
- clean buffers, 22, 608
- defined, 22, 608
- dirty buffers, 22, 608
- redo log buffers, 608
- cache
- defined, 22, 608
- hits, 609
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 296
- main memory, defined, 612
- OLTP systems, 255
- operating systems, 170, 589
- NetWare, 179-181
- OS/2, 188-189
- UNIX, 192-196, 531
- Windows 3.11, 528
- Windows 95, 530
- Windows for Workgroups 3.11, 528
- Windows NT, 185-186, 527
- physical memory, defined, 24, 614
- private PL/SQL areas, 100
- private SQL areas, 100
- PSE (Page Size Extension) memory, 170
- SGA
- defined, 616
- shared pool, 582
- shared memory, 8
- PGA (Program Global Area), 10
- SGA (System Global Area), 9-10
- shared pool, 100
- cache miss, 101
- data dictionary cache, 103-104
- library cache, 100-102
- shared session, 104-106
- sorts, 135-136
- storage capacity, 98
- tuning operating system, 99
- virtual memory
- defined, 25, 617
- paging, 211
- swapping, 211
- methodologies (performance tuning), 44
- analyzing results, 50
- defined, 41
- determining solution to problems, 48
- testing solutions, 49
- examining systems for problems, 45-46
- finding cause of performance problems, 47-48
- goal setting for optimal performance, 48-50
- problem-solving methodology, flowchart, 604
- microkernel architecture
- defined, 183, 612
- Windows NT, 183-184
- middleware
- defined, 556
- three-tiered system architecture, 557-558
- tuning, 559
- TM (Transaction Monitors)
- client-side code, 560
- defined, 559-561
- server-side code, 560
- tuning operating systems for, 561
- two-tiered system architecture, 556
- migrating rows, 117-118
- SQL statement, 599
- Mission Control, 496-497
- MLS_LABEL_FORMAT parameter, 643
- modes, current mode, 610
- monitoring systems
- buying performance monitoring tools, 79
- third-party tools, 78
- real-time monitors, 79
- threshold monitors, 79-80
- tools, 74-75, 75
- EXPLAIN PLAN command, 77
- operating systems, 77-78
- Server Manager, 76
- SNMP agents, 76
- SQL Trace, 76-77
- SQL*DBA Monitor, 76
- MPP (Massively Parallel Processor), 209-210, 612
- MTS_DISPATCHERS parameter, 637
- MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS parameter, 637
- MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS parameter, 637
- MTS_MAX_SERVERS paramet
1000
er, 637
- MTS_SERVERS parameter, 638
- MTS_SERVICE parameter, 638
- multiblock reads, 152, 586
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 295
- financial systems, 372
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- multiblock writes, 152-153, 586
- financial systems, 372
- multimedia systems, performance criteria, 39
- multiprocessor systems, 209
- defined, 612
- MPP (Massively Parallel Processor), 209-210, 612
- SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor), 209, 615
- multithreaded servers, list of parameters, 637-638
N
- National Language Support, list of parameters, 643-644
- NetWare, 178
- architecture, 178-179
- I/O subsystem, 182-183
- master/slave mode, 179
- memory, 179
- reducing unnecessary memory usage, 179-180
- SGA tuning, 180
- user capacity, 180-181
- networks, 181
- SPX/IPX, 181-182
- TCP/IP, 182
- tuning, 574-575
- summary of tuning guidelines, 182-183
- network frames, see frames
- Network Interface Cards (NICs), 613
- network packets, 613
- see also frames
- networks
- backup process enhancements, 360
- bandwidth, defined, 608
- batch processing systems, 276
- enhancements, 280
- BLOB system enhancements, 335
- client, bottlenecks, 523
- collisions, 609
- data warehouse enhancements, 319
- decision support system enhancements, 300
- design considerations, 576
- bandwidth, 576-577
- bridges, 577
- hubs, 577
- routers, 577
- segmenting networks, 577
- design stage considerations, 84
- Ethernet, 611
- hardware components, 566
- Ethernet networks, 566-568
- fiber optic networks, 569-570
- new technologies, 570
- Token Ring networks, 568-569
- OLTP systems, 255
- enhancements, 259
- operating systems
- NetWare, 181-182, 574-575
- OS/2, 190 575
- UNIX, 196-197, 531, 575
- Windows 3.11, 528-529
- Windows 95, 530
- Windows for Workgroups 3.11, 528-529
- Windows NT, 186, 575
- packets, testing size for backup process, 364
- performance criteria, client-server systems, 35
- protocols, 570
- SPX/IPX, 571
- TCP/IP, 571
- replicated system enhancements, 377
- software tuning, 574-576
- Token Ring, 617
- tuning considerations, 85-86
- summary, 593
- New-Order transaction (TPC-C benchmark), 61
- nibbles, 29
- NICs (Network Interface Cards), 613
- NLS_CURRENCY parameter, 643
- NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter, 643
- NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE parameter, 643
- NLS_ISO_CURRENCY parameter, 643
- NLS_LANGUAGE parameter, 644
- NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS parameter, 644
- NLS_SORT parameter, 644
- NLS_TERRITORY parameter, 644
- No Data Protection mode (fault-tolerance), 233
- NOAUDIT command, 472-473
- NOCACHE hint, 486
- nonequijoins, 613
- nonunique indexes, 149, 427
- NOPARALLEL hint, 486
- normal checkpoints, 26, 133
- NOT NULL constraint, 465
O
- objects, schema objects, 6, 25, 615
- Objects for OLE: (development tool), 17
- OCI (Oracle Call Interface), defined, 613
- Office Server system, defined, 368
- office system
- archive logs, 385
- block buffers, 384
- characteristics, 383
- checkpoints, 385
- contention,
1000
385
- defined, 382-383
- design considerations, 384
- library cache, 384
- spin counts, 385
- summary of, 385-386
- tuning considerations, 384-385
- offline, 613
- offline backups, see cold backups
- OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing)
- archive logs, 255
- block buffers, 254
- characteristics of system, 246
- data access patterns, 246-247
- goals of optimally tuned system, 248-249
- loads, 247-248
- summary, 249
- checkpoints, 255
- comparisons to batch processing systems, 265
- contention
- latch contention, 255
- rollback, 254
- defined, 27, 590, 613
- design considerations, 249-250
- enhancements, 256-257, 590
- benchmarks, 262
- clusters, 256-257
- CPU, 257, 257-258
- Etherplex board, 259
- hash clusters, 256
- I/O enhancements, 258-259
- indexes, 256
- load testing, 260-261
- network enhancements, 259
- Parallel Server option, 257
- testing operating system, 261-262
- testing RDBMS, 261
- Transaction Monitors, 259-260
- verifying performance, 260-261
- hardware considerations, 253
- library cache, 254
- physical data layout, 250
- disk arrays, 252-253
- traditional disks, 250-252
- rollback segments, 128
- transactions, 65
- tuning considerations, 253
- Oracle, 254-255
- server operating system, 255-256
- online, 613
- online tablespace backups, see hot backups
- OPEN_CURSORS parameter, 254, 634
- OPEN_LINKS parameter, 635
- OPEN_MOUNTS parameter, 643
- operating systems
- asynchronous I/O, 589
- batch processing systems
- testing, 282, 363-365
- tuning considerations, 276-277
- BLOB systems
- testing, 336
- tuning considerations, 333
- bottlenecks, finding, 93
- data warehouses
- testing, 320
- tuning considerations, 314-315
- decision support systems, 295-296
- testing, 301
- I/O, 170-172
- memory, 170
- microkernel, 612
- monitoring performance, tools, 77-78
- NetWare, 178
- architecture, 178-179
- I/O subsystem, 182-183
- master/slave mode, 179
- memory, 179-181
- networks, 181-182
- summary of tuning guidelines, 182-183
- new features
- cache affinity, 174, 589
- post-wait semaphore, 173, 589
- preemption, 173-174
- scheduling processes, 173-174
- OLTP systems, tuning considerations, 255-256
- Oracle, network tuning, 575-576
- OS/2, 188
- architecture, 188
- I/O subsystem, 190-191
- memory, 188-189
- networks, 190, 575
- summary of tuning guidelines, 190-191
- processes, 169
- scheduling parameters, 589
- striping, 113-114
- tuning considerations, 94, 99
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 168-169, 589
- UNIX, 530-531
- architecture, 192
- benchmarking new features, 200-203
- development of, 191
- disabling preemptive scheduling, 201
- I/O subsystem, 197-200
- ISM (Intimate Shared Memory), 201-203
- load balancing, 202
- memory, 192-196, 531
- networks, 196-197, 531, 575
- new features, 201-203
- post-wait semaphores, 201-203
- Windows 3.1
- memory, 528
- networks, 528-529
- Windows 95
- 32-bit support, 529-530
- memory, 530
- networks, 530
- Oracle support, 530
- Windows for Workgroups 3.11
- memory, 528
1000
- networks, 528-529
- Windows NT, 183
- 16-bit applications, 527
- architecture, 183-184
- defined, 527
- I/O performance, 528
- I/O subsystem, 186-187
- memory, 185-186, 527
- networks, 186, 575
- summary of tuning guidelines, 187
- threads, 184
- optimal backups, enhancements, 591
- optimization techniques
- ANALYZE command, 441-442
- checking structural integrity, 444
- data dictionary statistics, 445-447
- gathering chained-row statistics, 444-445
- gathering statistics, 442-443
- choosing, 438-439
- cost-based approach, 434, 441, 610
- defined, 433, 438-440, 613
- flowcharts (Oracle optimizer), 605
- hints, 447, 478
- ALL_ROWS hint, 479
- CHOOSE hint, 479
- FIRST_ROWS hint, 479-480
- RULE hint, 480-481
- rule-based approach, 433-434, 440, 614
- OPTIMIZER_MODE parameter, 623
- Oracle, network tuning, 575-576
- Oracle Call Interface (OCI), 613
- Oracle Corporation, 3
- Oracle Financials, see financial systems
- Oracle Mission Control, 496-497
- Oracle Office, 17-18
- Oracle Office Server, see Office Server system
- Oracle optimizer, flowchart, 605
- Oracle Power Objects, 495
- see also Power Objects
- Oracle TextServer 3.0, see TextServer 3.0 system
- Oracle Trace, 497
- Oracle WebServer, see WebServer system
- Order-Status transaction (TPC-C benchmark), 62
- ORDERED hint, 484
- OS/2, 188
- architecture, 188
- I/O subsystem, 190-191
- memory, 188
- reducing unnecessary memory usage, 189
- SGA tuning, 189
- user capacity, 189
- networks, 190
- tuning, 575
- summary of tuning guidelines, 190-191
- OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX parameter, 642
- OS_ROLES parameter, 642
- outer joins, 505, 507, 613
- overhead, I/O overhead, 117
- chaining rows, 117-118
- checking for recursive calls, 118-119
- dynamic extensions, 118-119
- migrating rows, 117-118
- PCTFREE command option, 119-122
- PCTUSED command option, 119-122
- reduction techniques, 122
P
- packages, 432-433, 457-458
- advantages, 458
- body, 458
- declarations, 458
- defined, 24, 450, 613
- program units, defined, 614
- RDBMS_ALERT package, 470
- RDBMS_OUTPUT package, 456
- syntax, 458
- see also functions; procedures
- packets (network packets), 613
- Ethernet, 567
- testing for backup process, 364
- Page Size Extension (PSE) memory, 170
- paging, 24, 211, 613
- see also swapping
- Parallel Cache Management, see PCM
- PARALLEL hint, 485-486
- Parallel Query option (add-on), 586-587, 613
- batch processing systems, 277-278
- BLOB systems, 333
- data warehouses, 316
- decision support systems, 297
- defined, 15, 153
- Direct Write Sorts option, 158
- financial systems, 372
- hints
- CACHE, 485
- NOCACHE, 486
- NOPARALLEL, 486
- PARALLEL, 485-486
- PUSH_SUBQ, 486
- parallel index creation, 159
- parallel loading, 159
- parallel query operation, 153-155
- degree of parallelism, 156-158
- I/O configuration, 156
- parallel recovery, 160-161
- parameters, list of, 626-627
- SQL statement processing, 401
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- WebServer systems, 389
- Parallel Server Lock processes (LCK), 12
- Parallel Server option (add-on), 161-164, 587
1000
-588, 613
- architecture, 340-343
- batch processing systems, 278
- clusters, 339, 340
- data warehouses, 316-317
- decision support systems, 297-298
- defined, 14, 339
- design considerations, 343
- goals, 343-345
- enhancements, 590
- locks, 162-163, 342
- DLM (Distributed Lock Manager), 341
- PCM (Parallel Cache Management), 342-343
- OLTP enhancement, 257
- parameters, 346-347
- list of, 639-641
- server interconnect, 162
- system design, 346
- WebServer systems, 389
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_ MAX_INSTANCES parameter, 347, 641
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_ MAX_SCANS parameter, 587, 626
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_ SCANSIZE parameter, 587, 627
- PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS parameter, 587, 627
- PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS parameter, 627
- PARALLEL_SERVER_IDLE_ TIME parameter, 627
- parameters
- analysis tools, list of parameters, 627-629
- AUDIT_TRAIL, 641
- AUTO_MOUNTING, 642
- BACKGROUND_DUMP_ DEST, 629
- BLANK_TRIMMING, 629
- CACHE_SIZE_THRESHOLD, 639
- CHECKPOINT_PROCESS, 629
- CLEANUP_ROLLBACK_ ENTRIES, 630
- CLOSE_CACHED_OPEN_ CURSORS, 630
- COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH, 638
- COMPATABLE, 630
- COMPATIBLE_NO_ RECOVERY, 630
- CONTROL_FILES, 630
- CREATE SEQUENCE command, 502-503
- DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS, 620
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKPOINT_ BATCH, 620-621
- DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM, 628
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_ EXTENDED_ STATISTICS, 628
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_ STATISTICS, 628
- DB_BLOCK_SIZE, 621
- DB_DOMAIN, 630
- DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_ READ_COUNT, 621
- DB_FILE_SIMULTANEOUS_ WRITES, 621
- DB_FILES, 631
- DB_LOG_CHECKSUM, 628
- DB_MOUNT_MODE, 642
- DB_NAME, 631
- DBLINK_ENCRYPT_LOGIN, 631
- DISCRETE_TRANSACTIONS_ ENABLED, 621
- distributed option, list of parameters, 638-639
- DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_ TIME-OUT, 638
- DISTRIBUTED_RECOVERY_ CONNECTION_ HOLD_TIME, 638
- DISTRIBUTED_ TRANSACTIONS, 639
- DML_LOCKS, 622
- ENQUEUE_RESOURCES, 631
- EVENT, 628
- FIXED_DATE, 628
- functions, 454
- GC_DB_LOCKS, 639
- GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS, 640
- GC_LCK_PROCS, 640
- GC_ROLLBACK_LOCKS, 640
- GC_ROLLBACK_ SEGMENTS, 640
- GC_SAVE_ROLLBACK_ LOCKS, 640
- GC_SEGMENTS, 640
- GC_TABLESPACES, 640
- general, list of parameters, 629-637
- GLOBAL_NAMES, 632
- IFILE, 632
- INIT_SQL_FILES, 632
- initialization para- meters, 612
- INSTANCE_NUMBER, 641
- JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL, 632
- JOB_QUEUE_KEEP_ CONNECTIONS, 632
- JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES, 632
- LABEL_CACHE_SIZE, 642
- LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS, 632
- LICENSE_MAX_USERS, 633
- LICENSE_SESSIONS_ WARNING, 633
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFER_ SIZE, 622
- LOG_ARCHIVE_BUFFERS, 622
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST, 633
- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT, 633
- LOG_ARCHIVE_START, 634
- LOG_BUFFER, 622
- LOG_CHECKPOINT_ TIMEOUT, 623
- LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ ALERT, 634
- LOG_CHECPOINT_ INTERVAL, 622
- LOG_FILES, 634
- LOG_SIMULTANEOUS_ COPIES, 623
- LOG_SMALL_ENTRY_ MAX_SIZE, 623
- MAX_COMMIT_ PROPAGATION_ DELAY, 641
- MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE, 634
- MAX_ENABLED_ROLES, 634
- MAX_ROLLBACK_ SEGMENTS, 634
- MLS_LABEL_FORMAT, 643
- MTS_DISPATCHERS, 637
- MTS_LISTENER_ADDRESS, 637
- MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS, 637
- MTS_MAX_SERVERS, 637
- MTS_SERVERS, 638
- MTS_SERVICE, 638
- multithreaded servers, list of parameters, 637-638
- National Language Support, list of parameters, 643, 644
- NLS_CURRENCY, 643
- NLS_DATE_FORMAT, 643
- NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE, 643
- NLS_ISO_CURRENCY, 643
- NLS_LANGUAGE, 644
- NLS_NUMERIC_ CHARACTERS, 644
- NLS_SORT, 644
- NLS_TERRITORY, 644
- OLTP systems, 254
- OPEN_CURSORS, 634
- OPEN_LINKS, 635
- OPEN_MOUNTS, 643
- OPTIMIZER_MODE, 623
- OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX, 642
- OS_ROLES, 642
- Parallel Query option, list of parameters, 626-627
- Parallel Server option, list of parameters, 639-641
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_ MAX_INSTANCES, 641
- PARALLEL_DEF
1000
AULT_ MAX_SCANS, 626
- PARALLEL_DEFAULT_ SCAN-SIZE, 627
- PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS, 627
- PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS, 627
- PARALLEL_SERVER_ IDLE_TIME, 627
- performance, list of parameters, 620-626
- PRE_PAGE_SGA, 623
- PROCESSES, 635
- RECOVERY_PARALLELISM, 627
- REMOTE_LOGIN_ PASSWORDFILE, 635
- REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT, 639
- REMOTE_OS_ROLES, 639
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS, 624
- ROW_CACHE_CURSORS, 624
- ROW_LOCKING, 624
- SCO UNIX, asynchronous I/O, 199
- security, list of parameters, 641-642
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_ ENTRIES, 624
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_HASH_ BUCKETS, 624
- SERIALIZABLE, 624-625
- SESSION_CACHED_ CURSOR, 625
- SESSIONS, 635
- SHARED_POOL_SIZE, 625
- SINGLE_PROCESS, 636
- SMALL_TABLE_ THRESHOLD, 625
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_ INTERVAL, 635
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_ KEEP_CONNECTION, 635
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_ PROCESS, 636
- SORT_AREA_RETAINED_ SIZE, 625
- SORT_AREA_SIZE, 626
- SORT_SPACEMAP_SIZE, 626
- SQL Trace, 404-405
- interpreting, 409
- TKPROF program, 407-409
- SQL_TRACE, 629
- SQL92_SECURITY, 642
- TEMPORARY_TABLE_ LOCKS, 636
- THREAD, 641
- TIMED_STATISTICS, 629
- TRANSACTIONS, 636
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ ROLLBACK_SEGMENT, 636
- Trusted Oracle7 option, list of parameters, 642-643
- UNIX
- asynchronous I/O, 198
- SHMMAX, 194
- SHMSEG, 194
- UnixWare, asynchronous I/O, 199
- USER_DUMP_DEST, 637
- parsing SQL statements, 399-400
- Partial Data Protection mode (fault-tolerance), 234-235
- Patrol tool, 498-499
- Payment transaction (TPC-C benchmark), 62
- PCM locks (Parallel Cache Management), 162
- Parallel Server option, 342-343
- PCTFREE command option, 119-122
- PCTUSED command option, 119-122
- performance criteria
- batch-processing systems, 38
- checklist, 39
- client/server systems, 32-33
- checklist, 35-36
- client component, 33
- network, 35
- server component, 33-35
- determing problems, 46
- multimedia systems, 39
- terminal-based systems (host-based), 36
- checklist, 37-38
- database, 36-37
- front-end applications, 36
- performance monitoring tools, 73-75
- buying, 79
- EXPLAIN PLAN command, 77
- operating systems, 77-78
- Server Manager, 76
- SNMP agents, 76
- SQL Trace, 76-77
- SQL*DBA Monitor, 76
- third-party tools, 78-79
- real-time monitors, 79
- threshold monitors, 79-80
- performance problems
- finding, 92-93
- methodology
- analyzing results, 50
- examing systems for, 45-46
- finding cause of, 47-48
- goal setting for optimal performance, 48-50
- solutions for, 48-49
- persistent areas (private SQL area), 100
- Personal Oracle for Windows, 16
- PGA, 10
- physical data layout
- batch processing systems, 270-271
- disk arrays, 272-273
- traditional disks, 271-272
- BLOB systems
- disk arrays, 329-331
- traditional disks, 328-329
- data warehouses, 308-309
- disk arrays, 310-311
- traditional disks, 309-310
- decision support systems
- disk arrays, 292-293
- traditional disks, 291-292
- OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing), 250
- disk arrays, 252-253
- traditional disks, 250-252
- physical layer
- control files, 5
- data files, 5
- defined, 4
- redo log files, 5
- physical memory, 24, 614
- PL/SQL
- defined, 14, 614
- functions, 24, 454-455
- private PL/SQL areas, 100
- procedures, 454-455
- properties, 454-455
1000
- PL/SQL Interpreter (Procedure Builder tool), 542
- platters (disk drive), 214
- cylinders, 215
- tracks, 214
- PMON (Process Monitor), 11
- post-wait semaphore feature, 173
- operating systems, 589
- UNIX, 201
- Power Objects (development tool), 17, 495
- classes, 545-546
- features, 544-546
- Forms Designer tool, 544-545
- PowerBuilder, 495, 552
- PRE_PAGE_SGA parameter, 623
- Precise/SQL suite, 498
- preempting processes, 173-174
- preemptive scheduling, UNIX
- cache affinity, 202
- disabling, 201
- PRIMARY constraint, 465
- primary keys, 614
- private SQL area (memory), 10
- persistent areas, 100
- runtime areas, 100
- problem-solving methodology, flowchart, 604
- Procecural option, see PL/SQL
- Procedure Builder tool (Designer/2000), 537, 542-544
- procedures, 432-433
- body, 453
- comparisons to functions, 452
- declarations, 453
- defined, 24, 452-453, 614
- EXCEPTION, 455
- packages, 24
- PL/SQL language, 454-455
- RDBMS_OUTPUT package, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.DISABLE, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINE, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINES, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE, 456
- READ_CLIENT_INFO, 417
- READ_MODULE, 417
- SET_ACTION, 417
- SET_CLIENT_INFO, 417
- SET_MODULE, 417
- stored procedures
- creating, 456-457
- defined, 7, 452
- program units, 614
- properties, 452
- replacing, 457
- syntax, 453
- see also functions
- Process Modeller tool, 491
- Process Monitor (PMON), 11
- PROCESSES parameter, 635
- processes
- ARCH, 26-27
- background
- ARCH (Archiver), 12
- CKPT (Checkpoint), 11, 26
- DBWR (Database Writer), 11
- Dnnn (Dispatcher), 12
- LCK (Parallel Server Lock), 12
- LGWR (Log Writer), 11
- PMON (Process Monitor), 11
- RECO (Recovery), 12
- SMON (System Monitor), 12
- calculating number for system, 169
- defined, 10
- operating systems, 169
- prioritizing, 169
- scheduling, 173-174
- server (shadow), 11
- user (client), 10
- see also lightweight processes; threads; traditional processes
- processing
- array processing, 510
- queries, 400
- SQL statements, 397
- bind variables, 401
- cursor creation, 398
- executing statements, 401
- fetching returned rows, 401-402
- parallelization, 401
- parsing statement, 399-400
- query processing, 400
- summary, 402
- transactions, 395-396
- processors
- CPU
- backup process enhancements, 359
- batch processing system enhancements, 279
- BLOB system enhancements, 334
- cache, 210
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer), 207-208
- data warehouse enhancements, 317
- decision support system enhancements, 298-299
- OLTP enhancements, 257-258
- replicated system enhancements, 377
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), 207-208
- multiprocessor systems, 209
- MPP (Massively Parallel Processor), 209-210
- SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor), 209
- products
- applications, 17
- ConText, 18
- Media Server, 18
- Oracle Financial Applications, 17
- Oracle Office, 17-18
- Oracle WebServer, 18
- development tools, 16-17
- Oracle RDBMS, 13
- Distributed option, 14
- Parallel Query option, 15
- Parallel Server
1000
option, 14
- PL/SQL, 14
- Server Manager, 15
- SQL*Net, 14
- Symmetric Replication, 15
- Trusted Oracle, 15
- Personal Oracle for Windows, 16
- services
- consulting, 18
- education, 19
- support, 19
- Workgroup Server, 15-16
- Program Unit Editor (Procedure Builder tool), 542
- program units, 24, 614
- protocols, 570-571
- SPX/IPX, 571, 615
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 571, 616
- PSE (Page Size Extension) memory, 170
- PUSH_SUBQ hint, 486
Q
- queries
- ad-hoc, 22, 608
- business support systems, 611
- component queries, 609
- compound queries, 609
- decision support systems, 28
- defined, 614
- joins
- defined, 612
- join conditions, 612
- nonequijoins, 613
- outer joins, 613
- self joins, 615
- Parallel Query option, 153
- degree of parallelism, 156-158
- Direct Write Sorts option, 158
- I/O configuration, 156
- parallel index creation, 159
- parallel loading, 159
- parallel query operation, 153-158
- parallel recovery, 160-161
- processing, 400
- rollback segments, 128
- subqueries, 609, 616
- query parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- queueing, 218
R
- RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks), 229
- comparing RAID levels, 240-241
- configuration issues, 235-236
- distributing random I/Os, 237-238
- isolating sequential I/Os, 236-237
- sizing logical volume, 238-239
- RAID-0, 230
- RAID-1, 230-231
- RAID-2, 231
- RAID-3, 231
- RAID-4, 232
- RAID-5, 232
- summarizing RAID levels, 232
- RAM (Random Access Memory), 612
- random I/Os, 220
- defined, 24, 111, 598, 614
- disk arrays, distributing random I/Os, 237-238
- disk rates, 598
- spreading out, 590, 598
- striping data, 112-113
- hardware, 114-115
- operating system, 113-114
- options, 115-116
- raw device interface, UNIX, 198
- RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems)
- databases, 4
- defined, 4
- instance, 4
- products, 13
- Distributed option, 14
- Parallel Query option, 15
- Parallel Server option, 14
- PL/SQL, 14
- Server Manager, 15
- SQL*Net, 14
- Symmetric Replication, 15
- Trusted Oracle, 15
- RDBMS_ALERT package, 470
- RDBMS_OUTPUT package, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.DISABLE procedure, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE procedure, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.GET_LINE procedure, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT procedure, 456
- RDBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE procedure, 456
- read consistency, 24, 614
- Read Lock mode (Parallel Server option), 342
- read-only snapshots, 374
- read/write caches, disk arrays, 229
- READ_CLIENT_INFO procedure, 417
- READ_MODULE procedure, 417
- real-time monitoring tools, 79
- recovery process (RECO), 12, 351-352
- RECOVERY_PARALLELISM parameter, 587, 627
- recursive calls
- checking, 118
- defined, 118, 614
- SQL statement, 599
- redo log buffer, 10, 608
- contention
- latch contention, 131-132
- SQL statement, 600-601
- redo log files, 5, 26-27, 614
- Reduced Instruction Set Computer, see RISC processors
- Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, see RAID
- referential integrity
- defined, 462, 614
- tables, 463-4
1000
64
- registering applications, 417
- Relational Database Management System, see RDBMS
- remote transactions, distributed systems, 378
- REMOTE_LOGIN_ PASSWORDFILE parameter, 635
- REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT parameter, 639
- REMOTE_OS_ROLES parameter, 639
- replicated systems
- block buffers, 376
- characteristics, 374-375
- contention, 376
- defined, 368, 374
- design considerations, 375-377
- goals of optimally tuned systems, 375
- library cache, 376
- read-only snapshots, 374
- snapshots, 615
- summary of, 377
- symmetric replication, 15, 374
- updatable, 374
- replication, 614
- Reports Designer tool
- Designer/2000, 536, 538-540
- Oracle Power Objects, 545
- Reports Generator tool, 492
- ReportSmith, 548-549
- response time
- analyzing problems, 47-48
- defined, 42
- goals, 42-43
- performance criteria, terminal-based systems, 37
- RETURN function, 454, 455
- RISC processors (Reduced Instruction Set Computer), 208
- rollback contention
- defined, 123-126, 130, 614
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 385
- OLTP systems, 254
- replicated systems, 376
- SQL statements, 599-600
- WebServer systems, 389
- rollback segments
- avoiding dynamic growth of, 129
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 295
- defined, 8, 614
- dynamic growth of, 600
- extent size and number, 128-129
- financial systems, 371
- number of, 127-128
- size, 128
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- transaction tables, 124
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter, 624
- rotational latency, 217
- averages, 219
- routers, network design considerations, 577
- row cache, see data dictionary, cache
- row-level locking, 508
- ROW_CACHE_CURSORS parameter, 624
- ROW_LOCKING parameter, 624
- ROWID hint, 483
- rows
- chaining, 117-118
- SQL statement, 599
- migrating, 117-118
- SQL statement, 599
- rows parameter, SQL Trace, 409
- RULE hint, 480-481
- rule-based optimization approach, 433-434, 440
- choosing, 438-439
- defined, 614
- hints, 447
- runtime areas (private SQL area), 100
S
- S-Designor tool, 493
- scalability, 24, 615
- Scheduler
- batch processing systems, 276
- BLOB systems, 333
- data warehouses, 314
- decision support systems, 296
- OLTP systems, 255
- scheduling
- operating systems
- parameters, 589
- UNIX options, 201-203
- processes, 173-174
- schemas
- defined, 6-7, 25, 615
- objects, 6, 25, 615
- SCO UNIX
- buffer cache, tuning, 193
- networks, 196-197
- parameters
- asynchronous I/O, 199
- shared memory, 195
- scripts, CD-ROM, 646-648
- searches, see TextServer 3.0 systems
- security, list of parameters, 641-642
- seek time, 216-217
- averages, 219
- segments
- backups, 360-362
- data segments, 8
- defined, 7, 118, 615
- index segments, 8
- networks, 577
- rollback segments, 123-126
- avoiding dynamic growth of, 129
- batch processing systems, 275
- BLOB systems, 332
- contention, 123-130
- data warehouses, 313
- decision support systems, 295
- defined, 8
- dynamic growth of, 600
- extent size and number, 128-129
- financial systems, 371
- number of, 127-128
- optimizing, 130
- size, 128
- SQL statement, 599-600
- TextServer 3.0 systems, 381
- transaction tables, 124
- temporary segments, 8
- see also data blocks; extents
- SELECT statement, displaying execution plan, 414-416
- SELECT
FOR UPDATE statement, 509
- self joins, 505-506, 615
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_ENTRIES parameter, 624
- SEQUENCE_CACHE_HASH_ BUCKETS parameter, 624
- sequences
- defined, 615
- program units, 614
- table sequences
- creating, 502-503
- defined, 502
- generating primary key values, 504-505
- generating sequence values, 503-504
- summary, 504-505
- tuning considerations, 503
- sequential I/O
- defined, 25, 111, 220-222, 598, 615
- disk arrays, isolating sequential I/Os, 236-237
- disk rates, 598
- isolating, 112, 590, 598
- serial reads, 473
- joins, 508-509
- SERIALIZABLE parameter, 624-625
- Server Generator tool, 492
- server interconnect, 162
- Server Manager, 15, 76, 615
- server processes (shadow processes), 11
- servers
- multithreaded servers, parameters, 637-638
- performance criteria, 33-35
- tuning performance, 85
- services (Oracle)
- consulting, 18
- education, 19
- support, 19
- session information (PGA), 10
- SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS parameter, 625
- SESSIONS parameter, 635
- sessions, 615
- SET_ACTION procedure, 417
- SET_CLIENT_INFO procedure, 417
- SET_MODULE procedure, 417
- SGA (System Global Area)
- buffer cache, 9
- defined, 9-10, 25, 615
- redo log buffer, 10
- shared pool, 10, 582
- buffer cache, 583
- data dictionary cache, 582
- library cache, 582
- shared session information, 583
- shadow processes, see server processes
- shared memory, 8
- PGA (Program Global Area), 10
- SGA (System Global Area)
- buffer cache, 9
- redo log buffer, 10
- shared pool, 10
- UNIX, parameters, 194
- shared pool
- buffer cache, 583
- cache hit ratio, 107-108
- cache miss, 101
- data dictionary cache, 103-104, 582
- defined, 10, 100, 582
- library cache, 100-102, 582
- increasing cache hits, 100-102
- shared session area, 104-106, 583
- SHARED_POOL_SIZE parameter, 625
- shareware, middleware
- defined, 556
- three-tiered system, 557-559
- two-tiered system architecture, 556
- shipping industry systems, performance criteria, 39
- SHMMAX parameter, 194
- SHMSEG parameter, 194
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), agents, 76
- simple statements, 615
- SINGLE_PROCESS parameter, 636
- SMALL_TABLE_THRESHOLD parameter, 625
- SMON (System Monitor), 12
- SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessor), 209, 615
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_ INTERVAL parameter, 635
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_KEEP_ CONNECTION para-meter, 635
- SNAPSHOT_REFRESH_ PROCESS parameter, 636
- snapshots
- defined, 615
- read-only snapshots, 374
- updatable snapshots, 374
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), agents, 76
- software
- backup process
- cold (offline) backups, 355
- hot (online) backups, 357-358
- testing, 364-365
- networks, 574
- NetWare, 574-575
- Oracle tuning, 575-576
- OS/2, 575
- UNIX, 575
- Windows NT, 575
- software disk array
1000
s, 227
- Solaris
- buffer cache, tuning, 193
- networks, 197
- shared memory, parameters, 194-195
- SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE parameter, 625
- SORT_AREA_SIZE parameter, 626
- SORT_SPACEMAP_SIZE parameter, 626
- sorts
- direct write sorts, 143, 158
- batch processing systems, 277
- data warehouses, 315
- decision support systems, 296
- memory, 135-136
- SQL statement, 601-602
- Source Code Control (Procedure Builder tool), 542
- spin counts, 164, 588
- financial systems, 371
- office systems, 385
- WebServer systems, 388
- SPX/IPX protocol
- defined, 571, 615
- operating systems, NetWare, 181-182
- SQL (Structured Query Language)
- cursors, 610
- queries
- defined, 614
- joins, 612
- subqueries, 609, 616
- scripts on CD-ROM, 646-648
- statements
- analyzing effects of, 424-425
- analyzing with EXPLAIN PLAN command, 424
- analyzing with SQL Trace, 423-424
- buffer cache, 597
- chained rows, 599
- characteristics of optimized statements, 394
- complex statements, 609
- data dictionary cache, 596-597
- determining dynamic rollback growth, 600
- executing, 401
- flowchart of statement processing, 605
- free list contention, 602
- functions, 24
- hints, 394
- identifying badly formed statements, 394-395
- I/O usage, 597-598
- latch contention, 601
- library cache, 596
- migrated rows, 599
- packages, 394
- procedures, 24, 394, 614
- processing, 397-402
- recursive calls, 599, 614
- redo log buffer contention, 600-601
- rollback contention, 599-600
- simple statements, 615
- sort performance, 601-602
- transaction processing, 395-396
- tuning, 422-424
- UPDATE statement, 617
- tuning private SQL areas, 100
- SQL Coder tool, 493-494
- SQL DBA, see Server Manager
- SQL Trace feature
- anaylyzing SQL statements, 423-424
- defined, 76-77, 404
- initialization parameters, 404-405
- disabling
- command, 410
- for an instance, 406
- per-session basis, 405-406
- elapsed time, 412
- enabling
- command, 409
- for an instance, 406
- per-session basis, 405
- functionality, 406
- interpreting information, 409-414
- library cache statistics, 413
- summary of, 414
- TKPROF program
- functionality, 407-409
- output file, 410-414
- parameters, 407-409
- SQL Windows, 495, 550-552
- SQL*DBA Monitor, 76
- SQL*Loader, 616
- SQL*Net, 14, 616
- SQL*Plus, 616
- SQL/DBA, 616
- SQL_TRACE parameter, 629
- SQL92_SECURITY parameter, 642
- stack space (PGA), 10
- standard benchmarks
- batch processing systems, 282-283
- BLOB systems, 336-337
- data warehouses, 320-321
- decision support systems, 301-302
- defined, 51-53
- OLTP systems, 262
- TPC (Transaction Processing Performance Council), 53-54
- ACID tests (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability), 55-58
- interpreting spreadsheet of results, 67-69
- members, 53-54
- publishing benchmarks, 57-58
- results of benchmarks, 56-58, 67-69
- rules, 55
- steering committee, 54
- Technical Advisory Board (TAB), 54
- TPC-A benchmark, 59-60
- TPC-B benchmark, 60-61
- TPC-C benchmark, 61-63
- TPC-C/S (client/server) benchmark, 66-67
-
1000
TPC-D benchmark, 63-64
- TPC-E benchmark, 64-66
- statements
- anaylyzing effects of, 424-425
- cache
- buffer cache, 597
- data dictionary cache, 596-597
- library cache, 596
- characteristics of optimized, 394
- complex, 609
- contention
- free list, 602
- latch, 601
- redo log buffer, 600-601
- rollback, 599-600
- DELETE, 611
- determining dynamic rollback growth, 600
- EXPLAIN PLAN
- analyzing statement execution, 424
- defined, 414
- extracting results of, 416
- initialization, 414-415
- invoking, 415-416
- flowchart of statement processing, 605
- functions, 24
- hints, 394
- errors, 477-478
- examples, 477-478
- implementing, 476-478
- multiple, 478
- optimization techniques, 478-481
- syntax, 477
- identifying badly formed statements, 394-395
- INSERT, 612
- I/O usage, 597-598
- joins, equijoins, 611
- optimizing, 438
- packages, 394
- procedures, 24, 394, 614
- processing, 397
- bind variables, 401
- cursor creation, 398
- executing statements, 401
- fetching returned rows, 401-402
- parallelization, 401
- query processing, 400
- statement parsing, 399-400
- summary, 402
- recursive calls, 599, 614
- rows, chained or migrated, 599
- simple statements, 615
- sort performance, 601-602
- SQL Trace feature
- analyzing statements, 423-424
- defined, 404
- disabling, 405-406, 410
- elapsed time, 412
- enabling, 405-406, 409
- functionality, 406
- initialization parameters, 404-405
- interpreting information, 409-414
- library cache statistics, 413
- summary, 414
- TKPROF output file, 410-414
- TKPROF program, 407-409
- transaction processing, 395-396
- tuning, 422-424
- UPDATE, 617
- steering committee (TPC), 54
- Stock-Level transaction (TPC-C benchmark), 62
- stored functions
- creating, 456-457
- defined, 452
- properties, 452
- replacing, 457
- see also functions
- stored procedures
- creating, 456-457
- defined, 7, 452
- program units, 614
- properties, 452
- replacing, 457
- see also procedures
- Stored Program Unit Editor (Procedure Builder tool), 542
- storing tables, see clusters
- streaming, 616
- stripes, 226
- striping data
- defined, 112
- hardware, 114-115
- operating system, 113-114
- options, 115-116
- Oracle, 112-113
- striping factor, 226
- Structured Query Language, see SQL
- subnetting networks, 576
- subqueries, 609, 616
- suites, Oracle Office, 17-18
- support services, 19
- swapping, 25, 211, 616
- see also paging
- Symmetric Multiprocessor, see SMP
- Symmetric Replication, 15, 374
- synchronous I/O, 171-172
- synonyms, 616
- syntax
- functions, 453
- hints, 477
- packages, 458
- procedures, 453
- triggers, 470
- System Global Area, see SGA
- system memory
- architecture, 210
- virtual memory, 211
- defined, 210
- speed, 206
- System Monitor, see SMON
- SYSTEM tablespace, 5
- systems, limitations, 95
- Systems Designer tool, 491-492
- Systems Modeller tool, 491
T
- table sequences
- creating, 502-503
- defined, 502
- generating primary ke
1000
y values, 504-505
- generating sequence values, 503-504
- summary, 504-505
- tuning considerations, 503
- table-level locking, 508
- tables
- Cartesian products, 609
- clusters, 6, 609
- columns, 6
- data dictionary, 610
- defined, 6, 616
- dynamic performance tables
- defined, 24, 611
- views (table of), 74-75
- indexes, choosing tables to index, 427-428
- integrity, referential, 463-464
- transaction tables, rollback segments, 124
- V$ROLLSTAT, rollback segment data, 129
- V$ROWCACHE, data dictionary statistics, 103
- V$SYSSTAT, buffer cache statistics, 107
- V$WAITSTAT, rollback segment data, 127
- views, data in, 446
- tablespaces
- data files, 5-6
- defined, 5-6, 616
- fragmentation, 144-146
- SYSTEM tablespace, 5-6
- tape drive, testing block size for backup process, 363
- tapes, streaming, 616
- TB (terabyte), 30
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), 571
- defined, 616
- operating systems, NetWare, 182
- temporary segments, 8
- TEMPORARY_TABLE_LOCKS parameter, 636
- terabyte (TB), 30
- terminal-based systems (host-based systems), performance criteria, 36
- checklist, 37-38
- database, 36-37
- front-end application, 36
- testing performance, see benchmarks
- testing stage, 84
- clients, 85
- networks, 85-86
- servers, 85
- TextServer 3.0 system
- archive logs, 381
- block buffers and size, 381
- characteristics, 379-380
- checkpoints, 381
- clusters, 381
- contention, latch contention, 381
- defined, 368, 379
- design considerations, 380-381
- enhancements, 381-382
- hash clusters, 381
- indexes, 381
- library cache, 381
- multiblock reads, 381
- Parallel Query, 381
- segments, rollback, 381
- summary, 382
- tuning considerations, 381
- third-party tools
- analysis tools, 497
- AdHawk, 498
- DATA-XPERT, 498
- DBGENERAL, 498
- Patrol, 498-499
- Precise/SQL suite, 498
- TSreorg, 498
- application development tools, 495, 546
- Delphi, 495-496, 547-548
- PowerBuilder, 495, 552
- ReportSmith, 548-549
- SQL Windows, 495, 550-552
- database design tools, 492-493
- ERwin/ERX, 493
- S-Designor, 493
- SQL Coder, 493-494
- monitoring tools, 78
- real-time monitors, 79
- threshold monitors, 79-80
- THREAD parameter, 641
- threads
- defined, 616
- operating systems, Windows NT, 184
- see also lightweight processes; processes; traditional processes
- three-tiered system architecture, 557-558
- threshold monitoring tools, 79-80
- throughput, 42
- TIMED_STATISTICS parameter, 404, 629
- TKPROF program, 407-409
- output file (listing), 410-414
- parameters, 407-409
- TM (Transaction Monitors)
- client-side code, 560
- defined, 559-561
- OLTP enhancement, 259-260
- server-side code, 560
- tuning, 561
- Token Ring networks, 568-569, 617
- tools
- analysis tools, 496
- defined, 490
- Oracle Mission Control, 496-497
- Oracle Trace, 497
- summary, 499
- third-party tools, 497-499
- application development tools, 494, 534-536
- advantages, 534
- defined, 490
- Developer/2000, 495, 536-544
- first-generation tools, 534-535
- modern tools, 535
- Oracle Power Objects, 544-546
- Power Objects, 495
- third-party tools, 495-496, 546-552
- tuning automatically
1000
generated SQL statements, 535-536
- buying performance monitoring tools, 79
- database design tools
- defined, 490
- Designer/2000, 490-492
- third-party tools, 492-494
- monitoring performance, 75
- EXPLAIN PLAN command, 77
- Server Manager, 76
- SNMP agents, 76
- SQL Trace, 76-77
- SQL*DBA Monitor, 76
- operating systems, 77-78
- third-party monitoring tools, 78-79
- real-time monitors, 79
- threshold monitors, 79-80
- TPC (Transaction Processing Performance Council)
- ACID tests (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability), 55-58
- defined, 52-54
- members, 53-54
- publishing benchmarks, 57-58
- results of benchmarks, 67-69
- Full Disclosure Report, 56-58
- interpreting spreadsheet, 67-69
- rules, 55
- standard benchmarks, objectives, 53
- steering committee, 54
- Technical Advisory Board (TAB), 54
- TPC-A benchmark, 59-60
- TPC-B benchmark, 60-61
- TPC-C benchmark, 61-63
- TPC-C/S (client/server) benchmark, 66-67
- TPC-D benchmark, 63-64
- TPC-E benchmark, 64-66
- trace files, see SQL Trace
- tracks (platters), 214
- traditional disk drives
- batch processing systems, 271-272
- BLOB systems, 328-329
- data warehouses, 309-310
- decision support systems, 291-292
- OLTP systems, 250-252
- traditional processes, see processes
- training services, 19
- Transaction Monitors (TM)
- client-side code, 560
- defined, 559-561
- OLTP enhancements, 259-260
- server-side code, 560
- tuning, 561
- Transaction Processing Performance Council, see TPC
- transaction tables, rollback segments, 124
- TRANSACTIONS parameter, 636
- transactions
- benchmarks, TPC-C, 61-62
- committed transactions, 13
- completing, 12-13
- defined, 12-13, 25, 617
- discrete transactions, 435-436
- distributed transactions, distributed systems, 378
- latency, 214
- local transactions, distributed systems, 378
- OLTP (OnLine Transaction Processing), 65
- processing, 395-396
- remote transactions, distributed systems, 378
- rollback segments, 123-126
- user-transaction profile, flowchart, 605
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ ROLLBACK_SEGMENT parameter, 636
- Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, see TCP/IP
- triggers
- alerts, 470
- creating, 469, 470-471
- defined, 25, 469, 617
- event logging, 469
- generating data, 469
- keywords, 470
- qualifying statements, 470
- summary, 472
- syntax, 470
- validating data, 469
- viewing, 471-472
- see also integrity
- Trusted Oracle7 option
- defined, 15
- parameters, list of, 642-643
- TSreorg, 498
- tuning
- goals
- connectivity, 43
- fault tolerance, 43
- load time, 44
- response time, 42-43
- throughput, 42
- memory
- buffer cache, 107-108
- operating system, 99
- private PL/SQL areas, 100
- private SQL areas, 100
- shared pool, 100-106
- methodology, 44
- analyzing results, 50
- determing solution to problems, 48-49
- examining system for problems, 45-46
- finding cause or performance problems, 47-48
- goal setting for optimal performance, 48-50
- performance
- clients, 85
- networks, 85-86
- servers, 85
- Tuxedo systems, features, 344
- two-phase commit, 617
- two-tiered system architecture, 556
U
- UNIQUE constraint, 465
- uniqu
1000
e indexes, 149, 427
- units of measurements, conversions, 28
- binary storage units, 29-30
- powers of 10, 29
- UNIX, 530-531
- architecture, 192
- development of, 191
- I/O subsystem, 197-198
- asynchronous I/O, 198-200
- file system, 198
- raw device interface, 198
- memory, 192-193, 531
- reducing unnecessary memory usage, 193
- SGA tuning, 194-195
- user capacity, 195-196
- networks, 196, 531
- SCO UNIX, 196-197
- Solaris, 197
- tuning, 575
- UnixWare, 197
- new features
- benchmarking, 200
- cache affinity, 202
- disabling preemptive scheduling, 201
- ISM (Intimate Shared Memory), 201
- load balancing, 202
- post-wait semaphores, 201
- parameters
- asynchronous I/O, 198
- SHMMAX, 194
- SHMSEG, 194
- summary of tuning guidelines, 202-203
- UNIX SVR4, 191
- UnixWare
- buffer cache, tuning, 193
- networks, 197
- parameters
- asynchronous I/O, 199
- shared memory, 194-195
- updatable snapshots, 374
- UPDATE statement
- defined, 617
- execution plan, displaying with EXPLAIN PLAN command, 414-416
- updating rollback segments, 128
- USE_CONCAT hint, 483-484
- USE_MERGE hint, 484
- USE_NL hint, 485
- user processes (client processes), 10
- user-transaction profile, flowchart, 605
- USER_CONS_COLUMNS view, 467
- USER_CONSTRAINTS view, 467
- USER_DUMP_DEST parameter, 405, 637
- USER_TRIGGERS view, 471
V
- V$FILESTAT dynamic performance table, disk access information, 597
- V$LATCH dynamic performance table, latch contention data, 601
- V$ROLLSTAT dynamic performance table, dynamic rollback growth data, 600
- V$ROLLSTAT table, rollback segment data, 129
- V$ROWCACHE table, data dictionary statistics, 103
- V$SYSSTAT dynamic performance table, recursive calls data, 599
- V$SYSSTAT table, buffer cache statistics, 107
- V$WAITSTAT dynamic performance table, rollback contention data, 599
- V$WAITSTAT table, rollback segment data, 127
- validating data, triggers, 469
- VARCHAR2 data type, 510
- variables, binding, 401
- viewing
- constraints, 467-469
- triggers, 471-472
- views
- defined, 6, 617
- dynamic performance tables, 74-75
- virtual memory
- defined, 25, 211, 617
- paging, 24, 211
- swapping, 25, 211
W-X-Y-Z
- warehouses, see data warehouses
- WebServer system
- archive logs, 389
- block
- buffers, 388
- size, 389
- characteristics, 386-387
- checkpoints, 389
- clusters, 389
- contention, latch and rollback, 389
- defined, 18, 368, 386
- design considerations, 387-388
- enhancements, 389-390
- hash clusters, 389
- library cache, 388
- multiblock reads, 389
- Parallel Query option, 389
- Parallel Server option, 389
- spin counts, 388
- summary, 390
- tuning considerations, 388-389
- Windows 3.1
- memory, 528
- networks, 528-529
- Windows 95
- 32-bit support, 529-530
- memory, 530
- networks, 530
- Oracle support, 530
- Windows for Workgroups 3.11
- memory, 528
- networks, 528-529
- Windows NT, 183
- 16-bit applications, 527
- architecture, 183-184
- defined, 527
- I/O performance, 528
- I/O subsystem, 186-187
- memory, 185, 527
e44
- reducing unnecessary memory usage, 185
- SGA tuning, 185-186
- user capacity, 186
- networks, 186
- tuning, 575
- summary of tuning guidelines, 187
- threads, 184
- words, 29
- Workgroup Server, 15-16
- write caches, disk arrays, 228-229
|


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IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT PATNA Criminal Miscellaneous No.29791 of 2018 Arising Out of PS.Case No. -69 Year- 2018 Thana -BARUN District- AURANGABAD ====================================================== 1. Mahendra Singh, S/o Jangi Singh, Resident of Village- Hatta, P.S.- Chainpur, Dist- Kaimur. 2. Mister Dwarika @ Dwarika Singh, S/o Chirkut Singh, Resident of Village- Koindi, P.S.- Chainpur, Dist- Kaimur. 3. Jagannath Singh @ Jagaranath Singh, S/o Dwarika Singh, Resident of Village- Koindi, P.S.- Chainpur, Dist- Kaimur. 4. Munna Yadav, S/o Baldeo Yadav, Residing at 87/2 B.T. Road, Dist- Kolkata, West Bengal. 5. Arvind Kumar @ Arbind Kumar, S/o Jagarnath Singh, Resident of Village- Koindi, P.S.- Chainpur, Dist- Kaimur. .... .... Petitioner/s Versus 1. The State of Bihar. .... .... Opposite Party/s ====================================================== Appearance : For the Petitioner/s : Mr. Sunil Kumar Singh No-10 For the Opposite Party/s : Mr. Sri Chaubey Jawahar ====================================================== CORAM: HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE HEMANT KUMAR SRIVASTAVA ORAL ORDER
3 21-06-2018 Heard learned counsel for the petitioners as well as learned Additional Public Prosecutor for the State.
Petitioners apprehend their arrest in connection with Barun P.S. Case No. 69 of 2018 registered for the offences punishable under Sections 379, 420/34 of the Indian Penal Code and 4/40 Bihar Mines Act and section 15 of Prevention of Pollution Act.
The officials of Minining Department seized 29 tractors while the aforesaid tractors were being used in illegal Patna High Court Cr.M isc. No.29791 of 2018 (3) dt.21-06-2018 2/2 mining of sand.
Submission on behalf of the petitioners is that petitioners are owner and driver respectively of two tractors and as a matter of fact, no sand was seized and having, more or less, similar allegation, co-accused Rajiv Kumar and six others have already been granted anticipatory bail vide order dated 30.04.2018 passed in Cr. Misc. No. 24550 of 2018.
In view of the aforesaid submission, above named petitioners, in the event of their arrest/ surrender within four weeks from the date of receipt of this order to the court concerned, shall be released on bail on furnishing bail bonds of Rs 10,000/- (ten thousand) with two sureties of the like amount each to the satisfaction of the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Aurangabad in Barun P.S. Case No. 69 of 2018 subject to condition as laid down under Section 438(2) of the Cr.P.C.
(Hemant Kumar Srivastava, J) N.K/-
U T


procedure GetSampleBounds: TRect; virtual; abstract;
Descendants must override this method to define the area changed by the sampler, which is used for clipping purposes. If the sampler do not support returning a bounds rectangle, HasBounds should be set to false.


Intriguing stories revealed by cell phone yakkers and eavesdroppers across the globe. From touching romantic connections, wild lost-and-found escapades, and poignant, lifesaving 911 calls to pranksters' antics, absurd customer service calls, and wacky insurance claims, In a Cell Phone Minute, which is shaped like and opens vertically like a flip-top phone, roams from the strange to the interesting to the hilarious faster than you can say "Hello?"
Chapters include:
•LOL
•love is in the air
•auto misdial
•lost & found
•overheard
•where ru
•saved by the cell
•jest kidding ; )
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Albuquerque Journal
"In a Cell Phone Minute chronicles stories–happy, sad and hilarious–proving that cell phones now touch our lives every day."
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"Cell phone shaped book rings up tales of the cell phone age."
Gary Brown,
The Repository
|
Do you refuse to take the top newspaper on a stack (even if perfect)?
Insist that the toilet paper hang "over"?
Wait for the phone to ring at least twice before answering?
Keep returning to the refrigerator hoping that something new to eat has materialized?
Admit it, you're crazy!
Outrageous, outlandish and downright ridiculous eccentricities exhibited (and confessed to) by otherwise normal people. From hilarious bathroom behavior to funny money and unconventional clothing habits to eating and sleeping peculiarities to germ-a-phobia and more. Collected from real, live, actual human beings!
Reviews
"A hilarious collection of odd behaviors that are surprisingly endemic among humankind. Intended for mirth and amusement, yet at the same time absolutely true, Admit It, You're Crazy! and And I Thought I Was Crazy! cheerfully embrace the bizarre little mannerisms and habits that help us cope."
MIDWEST BOOK REVIEW
"Everyone has his or her own quirk–a crazy bit of behavior that he'd just as soon have no one know about. To give her fellow Americans the feeling that they're not alone, as well as a chance to chortle or smirk at others' idiosyncrasies, Judy Reiser has collected gem-like examples."
THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW
"Quirks cut across the boundaries of sex, income, race and marital status. Everybody has them. Reiser got grown people to think about it, and to tell her about it."
THE WASHINGTON POST
"Judy Reiser's concept of collecting the foibles of Everyman is not only unique, but genius. She invented the category.
ED CLANCY, Radio Broadcaster
"If you're one of the crazy people, you have the sympathy of myself and all us other normal ones. I'm finished with the column now, so I can go home, as soon as I tap the space bar seven times."
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"It's not often you come across a book that makes you laugh out loud on practically every page. Judy Reiser's books do."
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"Within minutes I found myself laughing out loud at the confessions that are revealed. Its content will be well received by anyone from the ages of 6-106."
MYSHELF.COM
"A delightfully amusing book. You will have many ah ha! moments, thinking to yourself, "I do that!"."
HEARTLANDREVIEWS.COM
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https://realpython.com/python-gui-tkinter/
'Label' widgets are used to display text or images. The text displayed by a 'Label' widget can’t be edited by the user.
# label1.py import tkinter as tk # Py3 root = tk.Tk() # root widget # widgets are added here label = tk.Label(root, text="A label with a very long text") #label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello", bg="red") label.grid() # using a geometry manager root.mainloop()
# It is possible to pack a widget without assigning it a variable. # We can use this form if the widget is never again referenced. # The widget is not garbage collected because it is used internally. tk.Label(root, text="Hello").grid() # None is returned here!
Selected keyword arguments in Label() master=root # the first argument text="Hello" textvariable=strvar # get the string from a variable, updating when the variable changes fg="white" # set the text color to white ('fg' or 'foreground') bg="black" # set the background color to black ('bg' or 'background') width=50 # in text units height=10 # in text units font="Times 10 bold" justify=tk.LEFT padx=20 cursor="pencil" # set the appearance of the mouse pointer when it moves # over the widget ('gumby', 'watch', 'pencil', 'cross', 'hand2')
Setting parameters in widgets label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello") # at creation label.config(bg="red", fg="black") # using config(), many options possible label.configure(bg="red") # the same label["fg"] = "blue" # using dict, only one option label["text"] = "text changed" txt = label.cget("text") # return string (the current value of an option) txt = label["text"] # the same
Color formats: "color_name", "#RRGGBB" Color names: white, black, gray (silver), red, pink, orange, yellow (gold, khaki), purple (violet, magenta, indigo), green (lime, olive, teal), blue (aqua, cyan, navy), brown (tan, chocolate, sienna, maroon), Font descriptors, option font=(family, size, style): ("Times", 10, "bold") or string "Times 10 bold" (10-point size), ("Helvetica", 10, "bold italic") or string "Helvetica 10 bold italic", ("Symbol", 8) or string "Symbol 8". Here are some families available on most Windows platforms: Arial (corresponds to Helvetica), Courier New (Courier), Comic Sans MS, Fixedsys, MS Sans Serif, MS Serif, Symbol, System, Times New Roman (Times), and Verdana. The available font styles are 'normal', 'bold', 'roman', 'italic', 'underline', 'overstrike', or combination of these ("bold italic").
The 'PhotoImage' class is used to display images (either grayscale or true color images) in labels, buttons, canvases, and text widgets.
If the 'compound' option is set to tk.BOTTOM, tk.LEFT, tk.RIGHT, or tk.TOP, the image is drawn correspondingly to the bottom, left, right or top of the text. Without the 'compound' option the text is invisible.
# label3.py import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk() #logo = tk.PhotoImage(file="img/python_logo.gif") logo = tk.PhotoImage(file="img/python_logo.png") #label = tk.Label(root, image=logo) label = tk.Label(root, compound=tk.CENTER, # text and image together image=logo, text="[Python logo]" ) label.image = logo # keep a reference! (from effbot.org) label.grid() root.mainloop() # run the tkinter event loop


| 005:065 Khan | : |
And if only the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) had believed (in Muhammad SAW) and warded off evil (sin, ascribing partners to Allah) and had become Al-Muttaqun (the pious - see V.2:2) We would indeed have blotted out their sins and admitted them to Gardens of pleasure (in Paradise). |
| 005:065 Maulana | : |
And if the People of the Book had believed and kept their duty We would certainly have removed from them their evils, and made them enter gardens of bliss. |
| 005:065 Pickthal | : |
If only the People of the Scripture would believe and ward off (evil), surely We should remit their sins from them and surely We should bring them into Gardens of Delight. |
| 005:065 Rashad | : |
If only the people of the scripture believe and lead a righteous life, we will then remit their sins, and admit them into gardens of bliss. |
| 005:065 Sarwar | : |
Had the People of the Book accepted the faith and observed piety, certainly, We would have redeemed their bad deeds and admitted them into a blissful Paradise. |
| 005:065 Shakir | : |
And if the followers of the Book had believed and guarded (against evil) We would certainly have covered their evil deeds and We would certainly have made them enter gardens of bliss |
| 005:065 Sherali | : |
And if the People of the Book had believed and been righteous, WE would surely have removed from them their evils and WE would surely have admitted them into Gardens of bliss. |
| 005:065 Yusufali | : |
If only the People of the Book had believed and been righteous, We should indeed have blotted out their iniquities and admitted them to gardens of bliss. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإيمان > الإيمان بالله > النفاق Faith> Belief In Allah> Hypocrisy الإيمان > الغيب > الجنة > أسماءالجنة > جنات النعيم Faith> The Unseen World> The Paradise> Paradise Names> Gardens of Delight الإيمان > الغيب > الجنة > أصحاب الجنة Faith> The Unseen World> The Paradise> The Companions of the Garden الديانات > أهل الكتاب: ( اليهود و النصارى) > العلاقة معهم Religions> The People of the Book (the Jews and the Christians)>The Relation with them الديانات > بنو إسرائيل > جزاؤهم لو آمنوا Religions>Children of Israel>Their Reward in case they had Believed in Him الديانات > النصارى > أجرهم لو آمنوا Religions>The Christians>Their Reward if they Believed in Allah
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.