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在飛機場
Pre-flight
The last time we traveled to 臺灣 was for Chinese New Year in 2016. Since then, I haven’t had more than a week of vacation at a time, and no more than a few days at a time in the last year. I think I’ve aged a five years in the last two. My hair is grey and falling out. I’ve had a lot of stress-related health issues. I have darkening circles around my eyes. I don’t always feel it, but I can see it when I look in the mirror in the morning: I’m tired.
Time to take a long break.
So here we are at JFK's Terminal 1 waiting for our EVA Airlines flight to 台北. We haven’t flown with EVA for a while. On our last two trips, we chose to fly China Airlines because of their Family Couch option. This year all the China Airlines flight were full when it came time to buy our tickets, so EVA it is.
This year was the first time we needed to plan around the public school calendar. 安得 is in kindergarten now. In an effort to keep her from missing too many school days, we are traveling during her Spring break. She will still miss a week of school, but that’s not so bad for a kindergarten student. Her reading skill level is ahead of her other classmates, so missing a little time will not leave her behind. Instead, she will have an opportunity – like me – to work on her 中文.
For 安得, this may be the first trip to 臺灣 that she will remember when she gets older. We've taken her twice before – once for her 2nd birthday, and then a year and a half later. The trips were great for her. I enjoyed watching her have new experiences, practice her language skills and socialize with 孝萱的家人. But she doesn't have many memories of these trips. She only recalls bits and pieces if we prompt her. I hope that this time she'll be able to carry the experience with her.
But first, the flight: fifteen hours of movies, sleep, airplane food, and battle against fatigue and stiffness.
在台北
I am writing this at about 10pm local time on the 30th of March in 台北. I will fall asleep as soon as I lie down, so I am just going to write this really quick. We got into 台北桃園飛機場 around 5:30pm local and finally made it onto a city-bound bus at exactly 7pm. 孝萱 is a little loopy from having not slept, while I’m experiencing some occasional dizziness. We were met at the airport by 岳父母. They guided us to the bus departure area and arranged our tickets. On the hour ride to 台北市, 安得 described every detail her flight experience to her 婆婆 while 孝萱 and I napped.
The bus took us to the 行天宮 MRT station. From there we took the Yellow line to 東門 station. The area around 東門 has changed, becoming even more trendy and commercial than before. There is an Arc’terex store, a shiny new multi-story bar, and a Starbucks. I think it’s the Starbucks that really nailed it for me. Too much of America is intruding on what I hoped would remain charmingly foreign. At least there isn’t a McDonalds – yet.
岳父母 have an apartment in a quiet alley not far from 東門 station and the surrounding Friday night bustle. We make the ritual climb to the 4th floor with our heavy suitcases and then finally rest. We made it.


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Saskatoon police investigate death of 13-year-old girl
by Saskatoon StarPhoenixThe girl was reportedly "in medical distress" when first responders found her at a home on Avenue S South. The death is not currently being treated as suspicious.
Saskatoon police are investigating the sudden death of a 13-year-old girl.
Officers and Medavie Health Services responded on Nov. 10 to a home in the 400 block of Avenue S South after a report of a 13-year-old girl “in medical distress,” Saskatoon police said in a news release issued Wednesday.
The teen was transported to hospital, where she died on Tuesday.
Investigators are not treating the death as suspicious at this time, according to a police spokeswoman.
The provincial coroner and the city police major crimes unit are involved in the ongoing investigation, police said.


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By DmitryKorolev TopCoder Member Containers Before we begin Vector Pairs Iterators Compiling STL Programs Data manipulation in Vector String Set Map Notice on Map and Set More on algorithms String Streams Summary Perhaps you are already using C++ as your main programming language to solve TopCoder problems. This means that you have already used STL in a simple way, because arrays and strings are passed to your function as STL objects. You may have noticed, though, that many coders manage to write their code much more quickly and concisely than you. Or perhaps you are not a C++ programmer, but want to become one because of the great functionality of this language and its libraries (and, maybe, because of the very short solutions you've read in TopCoder practice rooms and competitions). Regardless of where you're coming from, this article can help. In it, we will review some of the powerful features of the Standard Template Library (STL) Ė a great tool that, sometimes, can save you a lot of time in an algorithm competition. The simplest way to get familiar with STL is to begin from its containers. Containers Any time you need to operate with many elements you require some kind of container. In native C (not C++) there was only one type of container: the array. The problem is not that arrays are limited (though, for example, itís impossible to determine the size of array at runtime). Instead, the main problem is that many problems require a container with greater functionality. For example, we may need one or more of the following operations:
If not, we can develop the interface for such a container once, and then use everywhere for data of any type. That, in short, is the idea of STL containers. Before we begin When the program is using STL, it should #include the appropriate standard headers. For most containers the title of standard header matches the name of the container, and no extension is required. For example, if you are going to use stack, just add the following line at the beginning of your program: #include <stack>Container types (and algorithms, functors and all STL as well) are defined not in global namespace, but in special namespace called ďstd." Add the following line after your includes and before the code begin: using namespace std;Another important thing to remember is that the type of a container is the template parameter. Template parameters are specified with the Ď<í/í>í "brackets" in code. For example: vector<int> N;When making nested constructions, make sure that the "brackets" are not directly following one another Ė leave a blank between them. vector< vector<int> > CorrectDefinition; vector<vector<int>> WrongDefinition; // Wrong: compiler may be confused by 'operator >>'Vector The simplest STL container is vector. Vector is just an array with extended functionality. By the way, vector is the only container that is backward-compatible to native C code Ė this means that vector actually IS the array, but with some additional features. vector<int> v(10); for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v[i] = (i+1)*(i+1); } for(int i = 9; i > 0; i--) { v[i] -= v[i-1]; }Actually, when you type vector<int> v;the empty vector is created. Be careful with constructions like this: vector<int> v[10];Here we declare 'v' as an array of 10 vector<int>ís, which are initially empty. In most cases, this is not that we want. Use parentheses instead of brackets here. The most frequently used feature of vector is that it can report its size. int elements_count = v.size();Two remarks: first, size() is unsigned, which may sometimes cause problems. Accordingly, I usually define macros, something like sz(C) that returns size of C as ordinal signed int. Second, itís not a good practice to compare v.size() to zero if you want to know whether the container is empty. You're better off using empty() function: bool is_nonempty_notgood = (v.size() >= 0); // Try to avoid this bool is_nonempty_ok = !v.empty();This is because not all the containers can report their size in O(1), and you definitely should not require counting all elements in a double-linked list just to ensure that it contains at least one. Another very popular function to use in vector is push_back. Push_back adds an element to the end of vector, increasing its size by one. Consider the following example: vector<int> v; for(int i = 1; i < 1000000; i *= 2) { v.push_back(i); } int elements_count = v.size();Donít worry about memory allocation -- vector will not allocate just one element each time. Instead, vector allocates more memory then it actually needs when adding new elements with push_back. The only thing you should worry about is memory usage, but at TopCoder this may not matter. (More on vectorís memory policy later.) When you need to resize vector, use the resize() function: vector<int> v(20); for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { v[i] = i+1; } v.resize(25); for(int i = 20; i < 25; i++) { v[i] = i*2; }The resize() function makes vector contain the required number of elements. If you require less elements than vector already contain, the last ones will be deleted. If you ask vector to grow, it will enlarge its size and fill the newly created elements with zeroes. Note that if you use push_back() after resize(), it will add elements AFTER the newly allocated size, but not INTO it. In the example above the size of the resulting vector is 25, while if we use push_back() in a second loop, it would be 30. vector<int> v(20); for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { v[i] = i+1; } v.resize(25); for(int i = 20; i < 25; i++) { v.push_back(i*2); // Writes to elements with indices [25..30), not [20..25) ! < }To clear a vector use clear() member function. This function makes vector to contain 0 elements. It does not make elements zeroes -- watch out -- it completely erases the container. There are many ways to initialize vector. You may create vector from another vector: vector<int> v1; // ... vector<int> v2 = v1; vector<int> v3(v1);The initialization of v2 and v3 in the example above are exactly the same. If you want to create a vector of specific size, use the following constructor: vector<int> Data(1000);In the example above, the data will contain 1,000 zeroes after creation. Remember to use parentheses, not brackets. If you want vector to be initialized with something else, write it in such manner: vector<string> names(20, ďUnknownĒ);Remember that you can create vectors of any type. Multidimensional arrays are very important. The simplest way to create the two-dimensional array via vector is to create a vector of vectors. vector< vector<int> > Matrix;It should be clear to you now how to create the two-dimensional vector of given size: int N, N; // ... vector< vector<int> > Matrix(N, vector<int>(M, -1));Here we create a matrix of size N*M and fill it with -1. The simplest way to add data to vector is to use push_back(). But what if we want to add data somewhere other than the end? There is the insert() member function for this purpose. And there is also the erase() member function to erase elements, as well. But first we need to say a few words about iterators. You should remember one more very important thing: When vector is passed as a parameter to some function, a copy of vector is actually created. It may take a lot of time and memory to create new vectors when they are not really needed. Actually, itís hard to find a task where the copying of vector is REALLY needed when passing it as a parameter. So, you should never write: void some_function(vector<int> v) { // Never do it unless youíre sure what you do! // ... }Instead, use the following construction: void some_function(const vector<int>& v) { // OK // ... }If you are going to change the contents of vector in the function, just omit the Ďconstí modifier. int modify_vector(vector<int>& v) { // Correct V[0]++; }Pairs Before we come to iterators, let me say a few words about pairs. Pairs are widely used in STL. Simple problems, like TopCoder SRM 250 and easy 500-point problems, usually require some simple data structure that fits well with pair. STL std::pair is just a pair of elements. The simplest form would be the following: template<typename T1, typename T2> struct pair { T1 first; T2 second; };In general pair<int,int> is a pair of integer values. At a more complex level, pair<string, pair<int, int> > is a pair of string and two integers. In the second case, the usage may be like this: pair<string, pair<int,int> > P; string s = P.first; // extract string int x = P.second.first; // extract first int int y = P.second.second; // extract second intThe great advantage of pairs is that they have built-in operations to compare themselves. Pairs are compared first-to-second element. If the first elements are not equal, the result will be based on the comparison of the first elements only; the second elements will be compared only if the first ones are equal. The array (or vector) of pairs can easily be sorted by STL internal functions. For example, if you want to sort the array of integer points so that they form a polygon, itís a good idea to put them to the vector< pair<double, pair<int,int> >, where each element of vector is { polar angle, { x, y } }. One call to the STL sorting function will give you the desired order of points. Pairs are also widely used in associative containers, which we will speak about later in this article. Iterators What are iterators? In STL iterators are the most general way to access data in containers. Consider the simple problem: Reverse the array A of N intís. Letís begin from a C-like solution: void reverse_array_simple(int *A, int N) { int first = 0, last = N-1; // First and last indices of elements to be swapped While(first < last) { // Loop while there is something to swap swap(A[first], A[last]); // swap(a,b) is the standard STL function first++; // Move first index forward last--; // Move last index back } }This code should be clear to you. Itís pretty easy to rewrite it in terms of pointers: void reverse_array(int *A, int N) { int *first = A, *last = A+N-1; while(first < last) { Swap(*first, *last); first++; last--; } }Look at this code, at its main loop. It uses only four distinct operations on pointers 'first' and 'last':
But look: the second code can work for ANY pointer-like object. The only restriction is that that object can perform the operations described above: take value (unary *), comparison (<), and increment/decrement (++/--). Objects with these properties that are associated with containers are called iterators. Any STL container may be traversed by means of an iterator. Although not often needed for vector, itís very important for other container types. So, what do we have? An object with syntax very much like a pointer. The following operations are defined for iterators:
And the main advantage of iterators, of course, is that they greatly increase the reuse of code: your own algorithms, based on iterators, will work on a wide range of containers, and your own containers, which provide iterators, may be passed to a wide range of standard functions. Not all types of iterators provide all the potential functionality. In fact, there are so-called "normal iterators" and "random access iterators". Simply put, normal iterators may be compared with Ď==í and Ď!=í, and they may also be incremented and decremented. They may not be subtracted and we can not add a value to the normal iterator. Basically, itís impossible to implement the described operations in O(1) for all container types. In spite of this, the function that reverses array should look like this: template<typename T> void reverse_array(T *first, T *last) { if(first != last) { while(true) { swap(*first, *last); first++; if(first == last) { break; } last--; if(first == last) { break; } } } }The main difference between this code and the previous one is that we donít use the "<" comparison on iterators, just the "==" one. Again, donít panic if you are surprised by the function prototype: template is just a way to declare a function, which works on any appropriate parameter types. This function should work perfectly on pointers to any object types and with all normal iterators. Let's return to the STL. STL algorithms always use two iterators, called "begin" and "end." The end iterator is pointing not to the last object, however, but to the first invalid object, or the object directly following the last one. Itís often very convenient. Each STL container has member functions begin() and end() that return the begin and end iterators for that container. Based on these principles, c.begin() == c.end() if and only if c is empty, and c.end() Ė c.begin() will always be equal to c.size(). (The last sentence is valid in cases when iterators can be subtracted, i.e. begin() and end() return random access iterators, which is not true for all kinds of containers. See the prior example of the double-linked list.) The STL-compliant reverse function should be written as follows: template<typename T> void reverse_array_stl_compliant(T *begin, T *end) { // We should at first decrement 'end' // But only for non-empty range if(begin != end) { end--; if(begin != end) { while(true) { swap(*begin, *end); begin++; If(begin == end) { break; } end--; if(begin == end) { break; } } } } }Note that this function does the same thing as the standard function std::reverse(T begin, T end) that can be found in algorithms module (#include <algorithm>). In addition, any object with enough functionality can be passed as an iterator to STL algorithms and functions. That is where the power of templates comes in! See the following examples: vector<int> v; // ... vector<int> v2(v); vector<int> v3(v.begin(), v.end()); // v3 equals to v2 int data[] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31 }; vector<int> primes(data, data+(sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0])));The last line performs a construction of vector from an ordinal C array. The term 'data' without index is treated as a pointer to the beginning of the array. The term 'data + N' points to N-th element, so, when N if the size of array, 'data + N' points to first element not in array, so 'data + length of data' can be treated as end iterator for array 'data'. The expression 'sizeof(data)/sizeof(data[0])' returns the size of the array data, but only in a few cases, so donít use it anywhere except in such constructions. (C programmers will agree with me!) Furthermore, we can even use the following constructions: vector<int> v; // ... vector<int> v2(v.begin(), v.begin() + (v.size()/2));It creates the vector v2 that is equal to the first half of vector v. Here is an example of reverse() function: int data[10] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 }; reverse(data+2, data+6); // the range { 5, 7, 9, 11 } is now { 11, 9, 7, 5 };Each container also has the rbegin()/rend() functions, which return reverse iterators. Reverse iterators are used to traverse the container in backward order. Thus: vector<int> v; vector<int> v2(v.rbegin()+(v.size()/2), v.rend());will create v2 with first half of v, ordered back-to-front. To create an iterator object, we must specify its type. The type of iterator can be constructed by a type of container by appending ď::iteratorĒ, ď::const_iteratorĒ, ď::reverse_iteratorĒ or ď::const_reverse_iteratorĒ to it. Thus, vector can be traversed in the following way: vector<int> v; // ... // Traverse all container, from begin() to end() for(vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) { *it++; // Increment the value iterator is pointing to }I recommend you use '!=' instead of '<', and 'empty()' instead of 'size() != 0' -- for some container types, itís just very inefficient to determine which of the iterators precedes another. Now you know of STL algorithm reverse(). Many STL algorithms are declared in the same way: they get a pair of iterators Ė the beginning and end of a range Ė and return an iterator. The find() algorithm looks for appropriate elements in an interval. If the element is found, the iterator pointing to the first occurrence of the element is returned. Otherwise, the return value equals the end of interval. See the code: vector<int> v; for(int i = 1; i < 100; i++) { v.push_back(i*i); } if(find(v.begin(), v.end(), 49) != v.end()) { // ... }To get the index of element found, one should subtract the beginning iterator from the result of find(): int i = (find(v.begin(), v.end(), 49) - v.begin(); if(i < v.size()) { // ... }Remember to #include <algorithm> in your source when using STL algorithms. The min_element and max_element algorithms return an iterator to the respective element. To get the value of min/max element, like in find(), use *min_element(...) or *max_element(...), to get index in array subtract the begin iterator of a container or range: int data[5] = { 1, 5, 2, 4, 3 }; vector<int> X(data, data+5); int v1 = *max_element(X.begin(), X.end()); // Returns value of max element in vector int i1 = min_element(X.begin(), X.end()) Ė X.begin; // Returns index of min element in vector int v2 = *max_element(data, data+5); // Returns value of max element in array int i3 = min_element(data, data+5) Ė data; // Returns index of min element in arrayNow you may see that the useful macros would be: #define all(c) c.begin(), c.end()Donít put the whole right-hand side of these macros into parentheses -- that would be wrong! Another good algorithm is sort(). It's very easy to use. Consider the following examples: vector<int> X; // ... sort(X.begin(), X.end()); // Sort array in ascending order sort(all(X)); // Sort array in ascending order, use our #define sort(X.rbegin(), X.rend()); // Sort array in descending order using with reverse iteratorsCompiling STL Programs One thing worth pointing out here is STL error messages. As the STL is distributed in sources, and it becomes necessary for compilers to build efficient executables, one of STL's habits is unreadable error messages. For example, if you pass a vector<int> as a const reference parameter (as you should do) to some function: void f(const vector<int>& v) { for( vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); // hm... whereís the error?.. // ... // ... }The error here is that you are trying to create the non-const iterator from a const object with the begin() member function (though identifying that error can be harder than actually correcting it). The right code looks like this: void f(const vector<int>& v) { int r = 0; // Traverse the vector using const_iterator for(vector<int>::const_iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) { r += (*it)*(*it); } return r; }In spite of this, let me tell about very important feature of GNU C++ called 'typeof'. This operator is replaced to the type of an expression during the compilation. Consider the following example: typeof(a+b) x = (a+b);This will create the variable x of type matching the type of (a+b) expression. Beware that typeof(v.size()) is unsigned for any STL container type. But the most important application of typeof for TopCoder is traversing a container. Consider the following macros: #define tr(container, it) \ for(typeof(container.begin()) it = container.begin(); it != container.end(); it++)By using these macros we can traverse every kind of container, not only vector. This will produce const_iterator for const object and normal iterator for non-const object, and you will never get an error here. void f(const vector<int>& v) { int r = 0; tr(v, it) { r += (*it)*(*it); } return r; }Note: I did not put additional parentheses on the #define line in order to improve its readability. See this article below for more correct #define statements that you can experiment with in practice rooms. Traversing macros is not really necessary for vectors, but itís very convenient for more complex data types, where indexing is not supported and iterators are the only way to access data. We will speak about this later in this article. Data manipulation in vector One can insert an element to vector by using the insert() function: vector<int> v; // ... v.insert(1, 42); // Insert value 42 after the firstAll elements from second (index 1) to the last will be shifted right one element to leave a place for a new element. If you are planning to add many elements, it's not good to do many shifts Ė you're better off calling insert() one time. So, insert() has an interval form: vector<int> v; vector<int> v2; // .. // Shift all elements from second to last to the appropriate number of elements. // Then copy the contents of v2 into v. v.insert(1, all(v2));Vector also has a member function erase, which has two forms. Guess what they are: erase(iterator); erase(begin iterator, end iterator);At first case, single element of vector is deleted. At second case, the interval, specified by two iterators, is erased from vector. The insert/erase technique is common, but not identical for all STL containers. String There is a special container to manipulate with strings. The string container has a few differences from vector<char>. Most of the differences come down to string manipulation functions and memory management policy. String has a substring function without iterators, just indices: string s = "hello"; string s1 = s.substr(0, 3), // "hel" s2 = s.substr(1, 3), // "ell" s3 = s.substr(0, s.length()-1), "hell" s4 = s.substr(1); // "ello"Beware of (s.length()-1) on empty string because s.length() is unsigned and unsigned(0) Ė 1 is definitely not what you are expecting! Set Itís always hard to decide which kind of container to describe first Ė set or map. My opinion is that, if the reader has a basic knowledge of algorithms, beginning from 'set' should be easier to understand. Consider we need a container with the following features:
set<int> s; for(int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { s.insert(i); // Insert 100 elements, [1..100] } s.insert(42); // does nothing, 42 already exists in set for(int i = 2; i <= 100; i += 2) { s.erase(i); // Erase even values } int n = int(s.size()); // n will be 50The push_back() member may not be used with set. It make sense: since the order of elements in set does not matter, push_back() is not applicable here. Since set is not a linear container, itís impossible to take the element in set by index. Therefore, the only way to traverse the elements of set is to use iterators. // Calculate the sum of elements in set set<int> S; // ... int r = 0; for(set<int>::const_iterator it = S.begin(); it != S.end(); it++) { r += *it; }It's more elegant to use traversing macros here. Why? Imagine you have a set< pair<string, pair< int, vector<int> > >. How to traverse it? Write down the iterator type name? Oh, no. Use our traverse macros instead. set< pair<string, pair< int, vector<int> > > SS; int total = 0; tr(SS, it) { total += it->second.first; }Notice the 'it->second.first' syntax. Since 'it' is an iterator, we need to take an object from 'it' before operating. So, the correct syntax would be '(*it).second.first'. However, itís easier to write 'something->' than '(*something)'. The full explanation will be quite long Ėjust remember that, for iterators, both syntaxes are allowed. To determine whether some element is present in set use 'find()' member function. Donít be confused, though: there are several 'find()' ís in STL. There is a global algorithm 'find()', which takes two iterators, element, and works for O(N). It is possible to use it for searching for element in set, but why use an O(N) algorithm while there exists an O(log N) one? While searching in set and map (and also in multiset/multimap, hash_map/hash_set, etc.) do not use global find Ė instead, use member function 'set::find()'. As 'ordinal' find, set::find will return an iterator, either to the element found, or to 'end()'. So, the element presence check looks like this: set<int> s; // ... if(s.find(42) != s.end()) { // 42 presents in set } else { // 42 not presents in set }Another algorithm that works for O(log N) while called as member function is count. Some people think that if(s.count(42) != 0) { // Ö }or even if(s.count(42)) { // Ö }is easier to write. Personally, I donít think so. Using count() in set/map is nonsense: the element either presents or not. As for me, I prefer to use the following two macros: #define present(container, element) (container.find(element) != container.end()) #define cpresent(container, element) (find(all(container),element) != container.end())(Remember that all(c) stands for ďc.begin(), c.end()Ē) Here, 'present()' returns whether the element presents in the container with member function 'find()' (i.e. set/map, etc.) while 'cpresent' is for vector. To erase an element from set use the erase() function. set<int> s; // Ö s.insert(54); s.erase(29);The erase() function also has the interval form: set<int> s; // .. set<int>::iterator it1, it2; it1 = s.find(10); it2 = s.find(100); // Will work if it1 and it2 are valid iterators, i.e. values 10 and 100 present in set. s.erase(it1, it2); // Note that 10 will be deleted, but 100 will remain in the containerSet has an interval constructor: int data[5] = { 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 }; set<int> S(data, data+5);It gives us a simple way to get rid of duplicates in vector, and sort it: vector<int> v; // Ö set<int> s(all(v)); vector<int> v2(all(s));Here 'v2' will contain the same elements as 'v' but sorted in ascending order and with duplicates removed. Any comparable elements can be stored in set. This will be described later. Map There are two explanation of map. The simple explanation is the following: map<string, int> M; M["Top"] = 1; M["Coder"] = 2; M["SRM"] = 10; int x = M["Top"] + M["Coder"]; if(M.find("SRM") != M.end()) { M.erase(M.find("SRM")); // or even M.erase("SRM") }Very simple, isnít it? Actually map is very much like set, except it contains not just values but pairs <key, value>. Map ensures that at most one pair with specific key exists. Another quite pleasant thing is that map has operator [] defined. Traversing map is easy with our 'tr()' macros. Notice that iterator will be an std::pair of key and value. So, to get the value use it->second. The example follows: map<string, int> M; // Ö int r = 0; tr(M, it) { r += it->second; }Donít change the key of map element by iterator, because it may break the integrity of map internal data structure (see below). There is one important difference between map::find() and map::operator []. While map::find() will never change the contents of map, operator [] will create an element if it does not exist. In some cases this could be very convenient, but it's definitly a bad idea to use operator [] many times in a loop, when you do not want to add new elements. Thatís why operator [] may not be used if map is passed as a const reference parameter to some function: void f(const map<string, int>& M) { if(M["the meaning"] == 42) { // Error! Cannot use [] on const map objects! } if(M.find("the meaning") != M.end() && M.find("the meaning")->second == 42) { // Correct cout << "Don't Panic!" << endl; } }Notice on Map and Set Internally map and set are almost always stored as red-black trees. We do not need to worry about the internal structure, the thing to remember is that the elements of map and set are always sorted in ascending order while traversing these containers. And thatís why itís strongly not recommended to change the key value while traversing map or set: If you make the modification that breaks the order, it will lead to improper functionality of container's algorithms, at least. But the fact that the elements of map and set are always ordered can be practically used while solving TopCoder problems. Another important thing is that operators ++ and -- are defined on iterators in map and set. Thus, if the value 42 presents in set, and it's not the first and the last one, than the following code will work: set<int> S; // ... set<int>::iterator it = S.find(42); set<int>::iterator it1 = it, it2 = it; it1--; it2++; int a = *it1, b = *it2;Here 'a' will contain the first neighbor of 42 to the left and 'b' the first one to the right. More on algorithms Itís time to speak about algorithms a bit more deeply. Most algorithms are declared in the #include <algorithm> standard header. At first, STL provides three very simple algorithms: min(a,b), max(a,b), swap(a,b). Here min(a,b) and max(a,b) returns the minimum and maximum of two elements, while swap(a,b) swaps two elements. Algorithm sort() is also widely used. The call to sort(begin, end) sorts an interval in ascending order. Notice that sort() requires random access iterators, so it will not work on all containers. However, you probably won't ever call sort() on set, which is already ordered. Youíve already heard of algorithm find(). The call to find(begin, end, element) returns the iterator where Ďelementí first occurs, or end if the element is not found. Instead of find(...), count(begin, end, element) returns the number of occurrences of an element in a container or a part of a container. Remember that set and map have the member functions find() and count(), which works in O(log N), while std::find() and std::count() take O(N). Other useful algorithms are next_permutation() and prev_permutation(). Letís speak about next_permutation. The call to next_permutation(begin, end) makes the interval [begin, end) hold the next permutation of the same elements, or returns false if the current permutation is the last one. Accordingly, next_permutation makes many tasks quite easy. If you want to check all permutations, just write: vector<int> v; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { v.push_back(i); } do { Solve(..., v); } while(next_permutation(all(v));Donít forget to ensure that the elements in a container are sorted before your first call to next_permutation(...). Their initial state should form the very first permutation; otherwise, some permutations will not be checked. String Streams You often need to do some string processing/input/output. C++ provides two interesting objects for it: 'istringstream' and 'ostringstream'. They are both declared in #include <sstream>. Object istringstream allows you to read from a string like you do from a standard input. It's better to view source: void f(const string& s) { // Construct an object to parse strings istringstream is(s); // Vector to store data vector<int> v; // Read integer while possible and add it to the vector int tmp; while(is >> tmp) { v.push_back(tmp); } }The ostringstream object is used to do formatting output. Here is the code: string f(const vector<int>& v) { // Constucvt an object to do formatted output ostringstream os; // Copy all elements from vector<int> to string stream as text tr(v, it) { os << ' ' << *it; } // Get string from string stream string s = os.str(); // Remove first space character if(!s.empty()) { // Beware of empty string here s = s.substr(1); } return s; }Summary To go on with STL, I would like to summarize the list of templates to be used. This will simplify the reading of code samples and, I hope, improve your TopCoder skills. The short list of templates and macros follows: typedef vector<int> vi; typedef vector<vi> vvi; typedef pair<int,int> ii; #define sz(a) int((a).size()) #define pb push_back #defile all(c) (c).begin(),(c).end() #define tr(c,i) for(typeof((c).begin() i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); i++) #define present(c,x) ((c).find(x) != (c).end()) #define cpresent(c,x) (find(all(c),x) != (c).end())The container vector<int> is here because it's really very popular. Actually, I found it convenient to have short aliases to many containers (especially for vector<string>, vector<ii>, vector< pair<double, ii> >). But this list only includes the macros that are required to understand the following text. Another note to keep in mind: When a token from the left-hand side of #define appears in the right-hand side, it should be placed in braces to avoid many nontrivial problems. Coming soon: Part II: C++ STL Advanced Uses
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What is Noter?
Noter is an amazing site for keeping notes.
Who am I?
My name is Ivan Konovalov (Google+ profile).
I'm a programmer.
Programming — is my hobby and I really enjoy it.
Why?
Because there's no perfect tool for keeping notes
and Noter is not an exception.
But Noter made differently, it has easier UI and it's open source (Repository on Github).

I'm just trying to say that Noter is much lighter and it's definetly not a monster.
It's easy to use, fully free and simple.
And what about our monsters?
Here's the list:
- Too big
- With limits of free usage
- Too Complicated


The Catering was founded in 2009 by Todd McKinnon and Frederic Kerrest, consectetur adipiscing elit consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute iruredolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.We only use Best ingredients.
We offer full-service catering for any event, large or small. We understand your needs and we will cater the food to satisfy the biggerst criteria of them all, both look and taste. Do not hesitate to contact us.
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You can also contact us by email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or you can send us a message here


Welcome to Wollyworld!
Sorry, you are too tall for some of our rides. Here are some you can ride:
Sorry, you are too short for any of our rides! Eat your veggies and maybe you'll be tall enough next year?
Here is a full list of our rides:
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>From Mr. A. B. Solarino Treat With Utmost Confidentiality Dear Friend, I apologized using this medium to reach you for a deal like this, since you do not know me before. This is due to Confidentiality. I got your contact details from your company website on the internet. After going through you company information I decided to contact you believing that we can both work in hands to achieve this goal. As stated above, I am Mr. Alexandro Benjamino Solarino the Chief auditor Department of Mineral Resources FALKLAND ISLAND SOUTH ATLANTIC. I will be grateful to have you as my foreign partner to enable us carry out a deal of Eight million two hundred thousand Great Britain Pounds (£8,200,000.00). I know you will be very astonished on how I got this money and why I choose you to carry out this deal with you or how we will be able to carry out this deal as it involve a lot of money. Well since I need a partner outside my country and outside the UK that will receive the transfer of these funds from here, I have to look for someone abroad for security reasons. Since I do not have any body overseas then I decided to search on the internet and since you are the first person I am contacting in this regards I sincerely hope that you will not turn me down. I have already made all arrangement to successfully execute this deal without any problem on your side and mine. Also the transfer of the funds will be made through Telegraphic Bank to bank transfer so you have nothing to worry about as all documentation will be made legal. All I need from you is your total support, trust, honesty and confidentiality. Once the transfer of the funds is successfully made to your account abroad after your government has taken their taxes from the total amount, 40% of the remaining amount will be for you while 60% will be for me. I will give you more breakdown as soon as soon as I hear from you. Feel free to reach me on +44<PHONE_NUMBER>. Yours Faithfully, Mr. A B Solarino


-
Information about a given class's type used for runtime typing and dynamic creation.
[
Utility | Solid | VRML97 ]
[
Summary |
Description |
Notes |
Example Code |
Members |
Ancestors | Descendants ]
Summary
class UL_Interface vrRuntimeClass
{
};
Description
The vrRuntimeClass class corresponds to the MFC class CRuntimeClass.
It provides runtime information about a class. All classes that
include a DECLARE_NODE macro in thier
class definition have a pointer to a static vrRuntimeClass
for that class. This pointer is used to determine the runtime
type of the node. The vrRuntimeClass may also be used for dynamic
addition of class types as is required to support the PROTO concept
in VRML.
Notes
- This class corresponds almost exactly to the CRuntimeClass of the MFC.
Example Code
// Use the DECLARE and IMPLEMENT macros for a class to create
// the runtime class type information needed for runtime typeing.
// For example, in the header file for a class called vrMyClass:
DECLARE_NODE(vrMyClass);
// and in the .cpp file:
IMPLEMENT_NODE(vrMyClass, vrMyBaseClass, schemaNumber);
// You may also use the DECLARE_NODE and IMPLEMENT_NODE macros in the same way.
Members
The human readable name of this class.
- default: className
Pointer to a function that creates objects of this type.
- default: Create[className]
- vrRuntimeClass *m_BaseClass;
The base class of this type if any.
- default: baseClass
- vrFieldList *m_FieldList;
A linked list of vrField objects that make up the class type
this data type.
- default: empty
Destructor.
- char *ClassName (void) const;
Returns the name of the class type.
- SFBool IsDerivedFrom (const vrRuntimeClass* pBaseClass) const;
Returns TRUE if this class is derived from pBaseClass.
- in pBaseClass:
- A pointer to the query class type. Use the
GETRUNTIME_CLASS(className) macro to access the static
class type pointer for a given class.
- void AddField (const SFString& fieldName, SFInt32 dataType, vrEventType eventType, SFInt32 fieldID);
Add a vrField to the field list.
- in fieldName:
- The name of this field (may be NULL).
- in dataType:
- The data type of this field.
- in eventType:
- The event type of this field.
- in fieldID:
- The unique id of this field.
- void ClearFieldList (void);
Release memory contained in and empty the field list.
- vrFieldList *GetFieldList (void) const ;
Return a pointer to the field list.
Ancestors
Descendants
Generated from source by the Cocoon utilities on Mon Feb 01 22:21:03 1999
.


TerminologyVector
A list of numbers (or characters). Has dimensions, which you can get using the size command (e.g. size(A)). Can either be a row vector, with dimensions of (1,n) or a column vector, with dimensions of (n,1). Matrix
A 2-dimensional array of numbers. Has dimensions which you can get using the size command, but will have a size of (m,n) where both m and n are greater than one. Command / function
An set of instructions that you can run. Examples of commands (or functions): help, plot, length, mean. Functions have the ability take in a number of arguments (see below) Argument
What we call the inputs to a command or function. For example, calling the function plot(x,y) means that you passed in two arguments, x and y. Element-wise operationsFor arithmetic operations (multiplication and division), Matlab defaults to using matrix operations. For example, if you have two arrays x and y, and try to run x*y, Matlab will try to compute the dot product between the arrays (if you aren't familiar with this, don't worry about it, it is from linear algebra). Instead, we often want to compute what is called element-wise operations, that is, multiply (or divide) the individual elements in a pair of arrays or matrices. To do this, place a dot (.) before the corresponding operation. This gives us dot-multiply (.*) and dot-division (./). |


Welcome to our Ice Cream Shop
Select number of scoops
Choose...
One
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Kiddie Cone (entire order half size and half price)
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YOEIGHTBALL
is a Magic-Eight Ball like service for the YO app.
Send a YO to
"YOEIGHTBALL"
and it will reply with a YO and a link to see your answer.
This app is an instance of the YoLinkage application.
YoLinkage GitHub Repository


@Target(value=METHOD) @Retention(value=RUNTIME) @Repeatable(value=ClauseCoverageContainer.class) public @interface ClauseCoverage
@Test
method being annotated, is a test requirement (TR) for clause coverage.
Example below implies that the test method is a TR for clause coverage of
predicate "a + b" which assigns 'a' to true
and 'b' to false
.
@ClauseCoverage( predicate = "a + b", valuations = { @Valuation(clause = 'a', valuation = true), @Valuation(clause = 'b', valuation = false) } ) @Test public void test1() { ... }
Note: If a test method covers multiple clause coverage TR s,
you can annotate that method with @@ClauseCoverage
multiple times. See example below:
@ClauseCoverage( predicate = "a + b", valuations = { @Valuation(clause = 'a', valuation = true), @Valuation(clause = 'b', valuation = false) } ) @ClauseCoverage( predicate = "c + d", valuations = { @Valuation(clause = 'c', valuation = true), @Valuation(clause = 'd', valuation = true) } ) @Test public void test2() { ... }In the example above, as test2 assigns 'a' to
true
and 'b' to false
and 'c' and 'd' to true
it satisfies multiple clause coverage TR s, so it is annotated
with ClauseCoverage
multiple times.| Modifier and Type | Required Element and Description |
|---|---|
java.lang.String |
predicate
String representation of a predicate.(i.e "a (b + c)")
|
Valuation[] |
valuations
Valuation of each clause.
|
public abstract java.lang.String predicate
public abstract Valuation[] valuations


{{_('Settings')}}
{{ _('Delete Account') }}
{{ _('Deleting this account is permanent and will disable all members of your Crew. All Messages will be lost.') }}
{% extends "layouts/protected_base.html" %}
{% block content %}
{{ _('Deleting this account is permanent and will disable all members of your Crew. All Messages will be lost.') }}
{% if current_user.has_role('crew_admin') %}
{{_('Settings')}}
{% else %}
No settings available
{% endif %}
{{ _('Delete Account') }}


--- title: The logistic regression model weight: 31 ---
At the end of this section you should be able to:
{{% notice info %}} * used a generalised linear model to estimate a logistic regression in R {{% /notice %}}
We will use the generalized linear model function glm()
to estimate a logistic regression-remember that we have a dummy dependent variable. The function is very similar to the lm()
function- the only difference is that there is an additional argument called family()
. The family()
function will tell R that we want to estimate a logistic regression.
Let’s see it in practice, all we have to do is to include the following line in the glm()
function:
family = binomial(link = "logit") argument
logit.model<-glm(incumbent~ sociotropic_pros+egocentric_retro+left_right, data=eco_voting,family = binomial(link = "logit"))
summary(logit.model)
##
## Call:
## glm(formula = incumbent ~ sociotropic_pros + egocentric_retro +
## left_right, family = binomial(link = "logit"), data = eco_voting)
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.7153 -0.7594 -0.3541 0.7221 2.9429
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -5.88946 0.49714 -11.847 < 2e-16 ***
## sociotropic_pros 0.29030 0.10063 2.885 0.00392 **
## egocentric_retro 0.23379 0.10793 2.166 0.03030 *
## left_right 0.79782 0.06612 12.067 < 2e-16 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 1042.32 on 793 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 742.53 on 790 degrees of freedom
## (479 observations deleted due to missingness)
## AIC: 750.53
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 5
Interpreting the results of a logistic regression model is not the same as the interpretation of the linear model. Remember that for the linear model the coefficient describe the effect of a unit change (increase or decrease) in X on Y.
For the logistic regression the interpretation of the coefficient is: a one unit change (increase or decrease) in X is associated with a \(\hat{\beta}\) change in the log-odds of the dependent variable (Y), holding all other variables constant.
For example, the coefficient describing perceptions about the economy sociotropic_pros
is equal to \(0.047\), implying that the log-odds of voting for the party in government are \(0.047\) higher when the respondent believe that the economy is doing well, holding all other variables constant.
{{% notice info %}}
* You can develop a generalised linear model in R using glm()
function.
{{% /notice %}}


48 hours ago I quit smoking.... kind of. After careful research and a feeling of the product finally being mature enough, I changed over to an Electronic Cigarette, specifically the Ego-T. I chose that particular one because of the option of various batteries (650mAH, 1000mAH) and for the tank system it uses to auto load nicotine juice vs the old style cartridges.
You receive the following when buying a 'starter kit'. 2 Ego-T atomizers, 2 650mAH Lithium-Ion rechargeable batteries, and 7 refillable tanks. The batteries charge via USB adapter in about 5 hours (car chargers are also available) 48 hours in I'm still on the original battery's charge. You order the 'juice' separately, which comes in a range of nicotine strengths (0-24mg) and many various flavors. The tanks take about 1.2ml of juice when full and last about a day (equal to about a pack of cigarettes).
Using the E-Cig could not be easier, fill the tank, insert it into the end of the atomizer (the tank acts as the mouth piece) and screw on the battery. When you are ready to vaporize you press a button on the battery and inhale from the tank, this feels mostly natural and my worries about the button being annoying were unfounded. The feel of vaporizing is very close to smoking a cigarette, there is a visible vapor and you can feel the vapor hit the back of your throat. The vapor does not linger and there is no left over smell. The instructions say to only take 3-4 puffs at a time before letting it sit for 30 seconds, so you end up using it differently then a regular cigarette, instead of sitting smoking for 5 minutes every hour or however often you smoke, you take 3-5 puffs every 15-30 minutes (I'm sure this differs with everyone). Since I have switched I've felt very minimal cravings for a regular cigarette.
The heath benefits of using an E-Cig are as of yet undetermined, the 'juice' is mostly Propylene Glycol and whichever concentration of nicotine you choose, along with a little bit of flavor. I'm located in Canada and as of right now the juice containing nicotine is technically not approved for use by Health Canada but is sold by online E-Cig retailers anyways. I personally feel that this is a much healthier alternative to smoking, even after only 48 hours my sense of smell is starting to return and my lungs feel more clear then usual. An added benefit is the now draconian smoking laws present the world over do not apply to E-Cigs and they can be legally smoked anywhere. In speaking to other users this seems to vary quite a bit with some establishments allowing them and others not.
Overall I'm very happy with the switch I have made as the product has worked out better then I expected. I recommend anyone who smokes cigarettes to look into one of these E-Cigs, there are various different ones on the market to cater to different tastes, and for me where smoking is very expensive (about $10 a pack) I'm saving about 90% over the cost of smoking cigarettes after the initial investment. It's also nice knowing I'm not feeding into the profits of large tobacco companies anymore.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Shopping List :) with VueJS
Delete All
Total:
${{parseFloat(totalAmount).toFixed(2)}}
#
Product
Cost aprox
Settings
{{++index}}
{{product.name}}
${{parseFloat(product.cost).toFixed(2)}}
Delete items
×
Are you sure you want to delete everything?


interface MasterDetailTabletInterface
interface used for listening to when the view is clicked for navigation or display of detail view
abstract fun onSelectTrack(trackId: String): Unit
When a track is selected handle navigation or replace of the detail view for tablet |
class ItunesTrackListFragment : Fragment, MasterDetailTabletInterface
A simple Fragment subclass. Use the ItunesTrackListFragment.newInstance factory method to create an instance of this fragment. |


Note: In IE, a <!DOCTYPE> must be added for the :hover selector to work on other elements than the <a> element.


The system experienced an unknown error. Please contact an administrator if you continue to see this message


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A device loop animation
as seen on
slid.es
Works on
desktops
Works on
tablets
Works on
phones
Source on GitHub
Follow @hakimel
Tweet this


2.0.1 (2013-09-01)
The following animations options have been deprecated and should be replaced:
options.fadeIn
with options.showDuration
options.onFadeIn
with options.onShown
options.fadeOut
with options.hideDuration
options.onFadeOut
with options.onHidden
Optionally enable a close button
toastr.options.closeButton = true;
Optionally override the close button’s HTML.
toastr.options.closeHtml = '<button><i class="icon-off"></i></button>';
You can also override the CSS/LESS for #toast-container .toast-close-button
// Define a callback for when the toast is shown/hidden
toastr.options.onShown = function() { console.log('hello'); }
toastr.options.onHidden = function() { console.log('goodbye'); }
Toastr will supply default animations, so you do not have to provide any of these settings. However you have the option to override the animations if you like.
Optionally override the animation easing to show or hide the toasts. Default is swing. swing and linear are built into jQuery.
toastr.options.showEasing = 'swing';
toastr.options.hideEasing = 'linear';
Using the jQuery Easing plugin (http://www.gsgd.co.uk/sandbox/jquery/easing/)
toastr.options.showEasing = 'easeOutBounce';
toastr.options.hideEasing = 'easeInBack';
Use the jQuery show/hide method of your choice. These default to fadeIn/fadeOut. The methods fadeIn/fadeOut, slideDown/slideUp, and show/hide are built into jQuery.
toastr.options.showMethod = 'slideDown';
toastr.options.hideMethod = 'slideUp';
Show newest toast at bottom (top is default)
toastr.options.newestOnTop = false;


Create a program that prints a list of files in a given directory, filtered by the extension of the files. You will be provided a directory name as the first argument to your program (e.g. '/path/to/dir/') and a file extension to filter by as the second argument.
For example, if you get 'txt' as the second argument then you will need to filter the list to only files that end with .txt. Note that the second argument will not come prefixed with a '.'.
The list of files should be printed to the console, one file per line. You must use asynchronous I/O.
The fs.readdir()
method takes a pathname as its first argument and a callback as its second. The callback signature is:
function callback (err, list) { /* ... */ }
where list
is an array of filename strings.
Documentation on the fs
module can be found by pointing your browser here:
/node_apidoc/fs.html
You may also find node's path
module helpful, particularly the extname
method.
Documentation on the path
module can be found by pointing your browser here:
/node_apidoc/path.html


Seneca Lab
We help the world’s top companies build amazing products.
Want to work with us?
Are you working on something great? We’d love to help make it happen. Get in touch now 👉<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Are you working on something great? We’d love to help make it happen. Get in touch now 👉 matt@senecalab.com


Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity is the ability for the brain to be able to change continuously throughout your life and without this, you would be left unable to develop your brain
or even recover from any injuries sustained. The same thing goes for learning, Neuroplasticity is what makes us acquire new skills (like coding as an example for me),
and you can get even better results by understanding Neuroplasticity and how it shapes our brains.
Ways to increase your neuroplasticity are just like normal acts of healthy things you could already be doing such as exercising, sleeping enough, eating a
healthier diet and just to continue learning new things.
Growth Mindset
Growth Mindset is the thought of knowing you will get smarter, gain new abilities etc., It's understanding that putting in the work and believing that what you're doing will make you grow stronger and achieve your goals over-time. I think the way that I'm going to integrate a growth mindset into my work is to start not getting too upset at myself for not being able to do certain tasks, and keep reminding myself that I'll eventually gain the knowledge I need for certain things by continuing working hard keeping a positive mindset.
Learning Plan
In terms of intergrating this with my learning plan, I think it's going to help heavily with all my current and future tasks to be done, understanding that any obstacle that blocking me or making me feel like I'm unable to do it will be finished over time and help me in future. The growth mindset I think is going to have the bigger impact on me personally for sure, and is something I'm going to be working on heavily during my time at Dev Academy and the future.


{% extends 'layouts/layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} NHS login terms of use update {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This accessibility statement applies to the NHS login website, which is run by NHS Digital. We want to make setting up an NHS login easy for all users. We have designed the site to be accessible and as simple as possible to understand.
This means you should be able to:
If you have a disability, AbilityNet has advice on making your device easier to use.
The NHS login website was audited by the Digital Accessibility Centre (DAC) in July 2020. It has been designed and built to meet the AA standard of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1.
Some content does not meet this standard, but we are working to fix this.
Content that does not meet the WCAG 2.1 AA standard includes:
Content that does not meet the WCAG 2.1 AA standard includes:
Content that does not meet the WCAG 2.1 AA standard includes:
If you cannot take a photo of your ID document, or record a video, you can prove your identity at your GP surgery instead. You must sign up to your GP surgery’s online services, so that you can use your registration details to prove your identity.
You will need these 3 registration details:
Contact your GP surgery by phone if you have already signed up to their online services but you do not have your registration details.
During the process of proving who you are, you will be asked to record a video and say 4 numbers. This is so we can match your face with your photo ID so we know it’s you.
If you are unable to say the 4 numbers out loud you may use British Sign Language, or show the numbers written down on a piece of paper instead.
We're committed to making this website accessible, in accordance with the Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018.
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) is responsible for enforcing the accessibility regulations. If you’re not happy with how we respond to your complaint, contact the Equality Advisory and Support Service (EASS).
We are always looking to improve the accessibility of the NHS login website.
Some content on our website does not meet the standard and we are working to fix this as soon as we can.
Please contact us to report any accessibility problems that are not listed.
Reference: CID0003
Last updated: This statement was last updated on 28 September 2020.


WE HAVE A PASSION FOR PROVIDING PREMIUM ACAI straight from the Brazilian Amazon Tropical Delights is a Premium Acai Brand, created to bring you the all-natural, antioxidant, exotic fruit from Brazil. We fell in love with Acai and wanted to bring the same experience, quality and taste from the Amazon to the Middle East. Our product is environmentally friendly. Our local harvesters handpick the berries without disturbing the environment. Acai berry is a Brazilian superfood that has become popular among people as a natural and healthy puree that can be served in different ways. Our product is all natural, organic, gluten free and has no artificial ingredients.


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Climate crisis headlines from The Guardian


-
#include <boost/quan/unc.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/fpclassify.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/sign.hpp>
#include <cassert>
#include <ostream>
#include <sstream>
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| void | unc_output (double value, float stdDev, unsigned short int degFree, unsigned short int uncTypes, std::ostream &os=std::cout) |
| Output to stream given value as a decimal digit string, rounding properly using the uncertainty information in stdDev, and optionally including uncertainty as +/-, and degrees of freedom, with addition control from additional unc stream manipulators. | |
| void unc_output | ( | double | value, |
| float | stdDev, | ||
| unsigned short int | degFree, | ||
| unsigned short int | uncTypes, | ||
| std::ostream & | os = std::cout |
||
| ) |
Output to stream given value as a decimal digit string, rounding properly using the uncertainty information in stdDev, and optionally including uncertainty as +/-, and degrees of freedom, with addition control from additional unc stream manipulators.
| value | Mean or most likely value. |
| stdDev | Uncertainty estimate as standard deviation. |
| degFree | Degrees of freedom -1. (Default zero for 1 observation). |
| uncTypes | 16 Uncertain type flags about the value. |
| os | Output to std::ostream . |
| Throws | std::bad_alloc() if 'os::iword' has not been initialised correctly, or has been corrupted. |
< Uncertainty as +/- is required too (but ignore if value is exact or integer).
< out << setscale
specified scale to specified power of 10.
< is to scale autofloatally to SI multple of 1000.
< Exponential format is, for example, 1E6 else 1e6.
< Taken to mean that exponential format wanted (always possible).
< Means decimal point is always shown, for example 900. even if not needed.
< Show + sign always because ios flag was set with << showpo
s.
< os << fixed ...
ios decimal fixed d.dddd format (rather than scientific).
< os << setw(9)
has prescribed a width (rather than default width == 0).
< std = default but unc usage not defined yet, center?
< right justify, prepend leading pad before. << right << ...
< left justify, append trailing pad after. << left ...
< Not defined yet, but use to center in field?
< center if BOTH left and right specified.
< Align on decimal point?
value is exact (integer, rational, zero stdDev or noplus & nominus).
value is an integer, or stdDev = 0.f.
< StdDev or uncertainty is valid.
< value is NaN.
< Value is infinite (postive or negative).
< Value is negative.
< Value is zero.
< So near to zero that can't calculate relative stdDev.
< Magnitude > 1e38
< magnitude > 1e24
< Value to output has a non-zero fractional part.
< StdDev is NaN.
< StdDev is inf.
<
Definition at line 66 of file unc_output.cpp.


Manual Input of Displacement Data
The form for manual input of slickenside planes and striations is similar to the previous programs. After clicking on the 'start' button, you put in the azimuth and dip of the slickenside plane, followed by azimuth and dip of the striation. The dip angle is positive if the plane is a reverse fault, and negative if the plane is a normal fault. For positive dip angles you may drop the '+' sign.
The input of a fabric element is terminated by 'OK' or 'Enter'. The input is shown in the list field. Measurement errors which produce an offset between the striation and the slickenside plane, are corrected automatically.
Input is terminated by 'terminate data input'. This activates the menus 'Save data', 'Printer', and the button 'plot'. The 'plot' button opens the plot form. Maximum number of data shows the value which is written in Fabric7.ini.


| Class | LessFormBuilder |
| In: |
lib/less_form_builder.rb
|
| Parent: | ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder |
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 68 68: def back method = '', options = {} 69: "\#{error_messages_on( object_name, method ) unless method.blank?}\n

\n
\n" 70: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 58 58: def calendar_field method, options = {} 59: expired = options.delete(:expired) || false 60: if not expired; options.merge!(:class => 'calendar'); else; options.merge!(:disabled => true); end 61: text_field method, options 62: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 53 53: def check_box method, options = {} 54: front(method, options) + super + back(method, options) 55: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 64 64: def front method = '', options = {} 65: "
#{label(method, options)}" 66: end
Generates a label
If options includes :for, that is used as the :for of the label. Otherwise, "#{this form‘s object name}_#{method}" is used.
If options includes :label, that value is used for the text of the label. Otherwise, "#{method titleized}: " is used.
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 26 26: def label method, options = {} 27: text = options.delete(:label) || "#{method.to_s.titleize}: " 28: if options[:for] 29: "#{text}" 30: else 31: #need to use InstanceTag to build the correct ID for :for 32: ActionView::Helpers::InstanceTag.new(@object_name, method, self, nil, @object).to_label_tag(text, options) 33: end 34: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 4 4: def method_missing *args 5: options = args.extract_options! 6: label = get_label '', options 7: front(label) + super(*args) + back(label) 8: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 44 44: def password_field method, options = {} 45: front(method, options) + super + back(method, options) 46: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 36 36: def select method, options = {} 37: front(method, options) + super + back(method, options) 38: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 49 49: def text_area method, options = {} 50: front(method, options) + super + back(method, options) 51: end
# File lib/less_form_builder.rb, line 40 40: def text_field method, options = {} 41: front(method, options) + super + back(method, options) 42: end


✔ Appointment request submitted
Please keep this information for your records
What happens next?
The clinic will contact you to book an appointment
If the clinic does not contact you by Friday 15 December 2017, you can contact them on 0113 123 1234 (Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm).
Booking reference number
XXXX XXXX XXXX
Clinic
General Respiratory Medicine-Respiratory Medicine-Town (Name Hosp)-CODE
Location
Hospital St, City, PO5 7CO
Referred by
Dr Zubeir Smith at Colton Mill Medical Centre
Your comments
I cannot be contacted Monday to Wednesday, 9am to 12 noon.


_AFURLSessionTaskSwizzling Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
|---|---|
| Declared in | AFURLSessionManager.m |
Overview
A workaround for issues related to key-value observing the state
of an NSURLSessionTask
.
See: - https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking/issues/1477 - https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking/issues/2638 - https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking/pull/2702
+ swizzleResumeAndSuspendMethodForClass:
iOS 7 and iOS 8 differ in NSURLSessionTask implementation, which makes the next bit of code a bit tricky.
Many Unit Tests have been built to validate as much of this behavior has possible.
Here is what we know:
- NSURLSessionTasks are implemented with class clusters, meaning the class you request from the API isn't actually the type of class you will get back.
- Simply referencing `[NSURLSessionTask class]` will not work. You need to ask an `NSURLSession` to actually create an object, and grab the class from there.
- On iOS 7, `localDataTask` is a `__NSCFLocalDataTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFLocalSessionTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFURLSessionTask`.
- On iOS 8, `localDataTask` is a `__NSCFLocalDataTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFLocalSessionTask`, which inherits from `NSURLSessionTask`.
- On iOS 7, `__NSCFLocalSessionTask` and `__NSCFURLSessionTask` are the only two classes that have their own implementations of `resume` and `suspend`, and `__NSCFLocalSessionTask` DOES NOT CALL SUPER. This means both classes need to be swizzled.
- On iOS 8, `NSURLSessionTask` is the only class that implements `resume` and `suspend`. This means this is the only class that needs to be swizzled.
- Because `NSURLSessionTask` is not involved in the class hierarchy for every version of iOS, its easier to add the swizzled methods to a dummy class and manage them there.
Some Assumptions:
- No implementations of `resume` or `suspend` call super. If this were to change in a future version of iOS, we'd need to handle it.
- No background task classes override `resume` or `suspend`
The current solution:
1) Grab an instance of `__NSCFLocalDataTask` by asking an instance of `NSURLSession` for a data task.
2) Grab a pointer to the original implementation of `af_resume`
3) Check to see if the current class has an implementation of resume. If so, continue to step 4.
4) Grab the super class of the current class.
5) Grab a pointer for the current class to the current implementation of `resume`.
6) Grab a pointer for the super class to the current implementation of `resume`.
7) If the current class implementation of `resume` is not equal to the super class implementation of `resume` AND the current implementation of `resume` is not equal to the original implementation of `af_resume`, THEN swizzle the methods
8) Set the current class to the super class, and repeat steps 3-8
+ (void)swizzleResumeAndSuspendMethodForClass:(Class)theClass
Discussion
iOS 7 and iOS 8 differ in NSURLSessionTask implementation, which makes the next bit of code a bit tricky.
Many Unit Tests have been built to validate as much of this behavior has possible.
Here is what we know:
- NSURLSessionTasks are implemented with class clusters, meaning the class you request from the API isn't actually the type of class you will get back.
- Simply referencing `[NSURLSessionTask class]` will not work. You need to ask an `NSURLSession` to actually create an object, and grab the class from there.
- On iOS 7, `localDataTask` is a `__NSCFLocalDataTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFLocalSessionTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFURLSessionTask`.
- On iOS 8, `localDataTask` is a `__NSCFLocalDataTask`, which inherits from `__NSCFLocalSessionTask`, which inherits from `NSURLSessionTask`.
- On iOS 7, `__NSCFLocalSessionTask` and `__NSCFURLSessionTask` are the only two classes that have their own implementations of `resume` and `suspend`, and `__NSCFLocalSessionTask` DOES NOT CALL SUPER. This means both classes need to be swizzled.
- On iOS 8, `NSURLSessionTask` is the only class that implements `resume` and `suspend`. This means this is the only class that needs to be swizzled.
- Because `NSURLSessionTask` is not involved in the class hierarchy for every version of iOS, its easier to add the swizzled methods to a dummy class and manage them there.
Some Assumptions:
- No implementations of `resume` or `suspend` call super. If this were to change in a future version of iOS, we'd need to handle it.
- No background task classes override `resume` or `suspend`
The current solution:
1) Grab an instance of `__NSCFLocalDataTask` by asking an instance of `NSURLSession` for a data task.
2) Grab a pointer to the original implementation of `af_resume`
3) Check to see if the current class has an implementation of resume. If so, continue to step 4.
4) Grab the super class of the current class.
5) Grab a pointer for the current class to the current implementation of `resume`.
6) Grab a pointer for the super class to the current implementation of `resume`.
7) If the current class implementation of `resume` is not equal to the super class implementation of `resume` AND the current implementation of `resume` is not equal to the original implementation of `af_resume`, THEN swizzle the methods
8) Set the current class to the super class, and repeat steps 3-8
Declared In
AFURLSessionManager.m


Actively looking for Full-Time Software Engineer job
1.Proficient in front-end programming with HTML, CSS, JavaScript (JQuery included) and back-end programming with PHP and Node.js
2.Proficient in object-oriented programming, good at data structures and algorithms in these languages
3.Familiar with data science, have experience in research related to machine learning
4.Passionate about work, enjoy collaborating and communicating with others, willing to help others and eager to devote my skills to my employer
2016-2018
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
Master of Science, Computer Science
Courses: Web Technology, Operation System, Algorithms Analysis
2012-2016
Xidian University, China
Bachelar of Science, Intelligent Science and Technology
Emphsis: Data Science
Courses: Machine Learning, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence
Projects & Research
Twitter Friends Android App
Android Concise Music Player
Responsive Congress Website
Collaborative filtering Recommendation System Research
● Designed and developed an Android Mobile Application about Twitter friends information
● Utilized AsyncTask to retrieve JSON from server, custom Adapter to display list which can be clicked to show details, mark and classify
● Built a Twitter RESTful API on the server using Node.js, Express and stored data in MongoDB
● Developed a Music Player on Android with different play modes
● Retrieved music from local database, stored in list and displayed information in a user-friendly interface
● Implemented background playing and calls listener based on Service
● Created a responsive congress information website utilizing Bootstrap which can display and mark favorite items in a beautiful interface
● Retrieved request from PHP back-end file on AWS server with AJAX
● Applied Sunlight Congress API to retrieve JSON data from congress database
● Implemented AngularJS to extend HTML attribute
Collaborative filtering Recommendation System Research
● Proposed an adjusted algorithm based on common-feature to improve the accuracy of recommendation (e.g. one of the evaluation metrics, RMSE，is increased by 15% compared with the PCC classic algorithm)
● Utilized Java to simulate and evaluate different algorithms (e.g. PCC, CV) in collaborative filtering for dataset in MovieLens
● Built a magazine information website with php CodeIgniter framework
● Implemented data operation about magazine with a virtual interface based on Bootstrap


Music is Life itself
Listen your favorite songs on...
pagalword.com
freshmaza.com
gana.com
hungama.com
Sur Nirags Hoo..
Man mandira..


Self-isolation and work
Advice for employees
Tell your employer if you cannot work while you're self-isolating.
You should work from home if you can and are well enough.
You do not need to get a note from a GP.

If you cannot get sick pay from your employer, you might be able to get Statutory Sick Pay or another type of financial support.
If you're on a low income and you're asked to Self-isolate by NHS Test and Trace, you may be able to apply for a £500 Test and Trace Support Payment from your local council.
If you cannot work from home, you might be able to get:
- a one off payment if you've been told to Self-isolate - there are different schemes in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
- Statutory Sick Pay (SSP) from your employer
- New Style Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) if you cannot get SSP, you're under State Pension age, and you have made enough National Insurance contributions over the last 2 to 3 years - you could also get it if your child has symptoms or is self-isolating
- Universal Credit if you or your partner are under State Pension age and you have less than £16,000 in savings - you might be able to get it at the same time as SSP or New Style ESA
- Pension Credit if both you and your partner have reached State Pension age - you might be able to get it at the same time as SSP
There is a lot of information to help you during this period:
- Coronavirus (COVID-19): what to do if you're employed and cannot workfrom your employer
- Local Authority and Council support in your area
Advice if you're self-employed
Financial support
You may be entitled to a one-off payment of £500 through the NHS Test and Trace Support Payment scheme if you are required to stay at home and Self-isolate. You can apply for the NHS Test and Trace Support Payment online or through the NHS COVID-19 app.
If you or your child is self-isolating you might be able to get New Style Employment and Support Allowance (ESA).
Advice if you're a job seeker
You could be eligible for a £500 Test and Trace Support Payment if you live in England and you're currently receiving or are the partner of someone in the same household who is receiving, at least one of the following benefits:
- Universal Credit
- Working Tax Credit
- Income-based Employment and Support Allowance
- Iincome-based Jobseeker's Allowance
- Income Support
- Housing Benefit
- Pension Credit
Advice for employers
Make sure your workers self-isolate
You have a legal requirement to ensure your employees self-isolate
Isolation notes
You should ask your employees to follow the instructions on getting an isolation note if you require evidence. You may need this evidence to reclaim SSP.
Financial support
Employees in self-isolation are entitled to SSP for every day they are in isolation, as long as they meet the eligibility conditions. You may be able to reclaim SSP.
Related information
Page last reviewed: 21 December 2020
Next review due: 21 December 2020


2014 was a sabbatical year for me. One of the adventures I set for myself was to learn to read and write music. Ultimately the goal would be to compose and arrange for multiple instruments and voice.
Under Construction: I need to learn how to embed video and audio someplace other than GitHub where it won't fit.
Mike Farr
Everything that's interesting to do was once impossible.
March 28, 2015


Assume the form below was submitted to the server and has now been returned with an error message.
Error: Date should be entered as dd mm yyyy (e.g. 30 12 2006).
Assume the form below was submitted to the server and has now been returned with an error message.
Error: Form submission wrong.


Enzo Analysis Tools
- Making Pretty Pictures - Enzo projections
- Finding dark matter halos - Hop and Findpeaks
- Generating radial profiles
- Extracting sub-volumes
Previous - Writing Enzo Parameter Files
Next - Index
Go to the Enzo home page
© 2004 Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics
last modified February 2004
by B.W. O'Shea


presentation MathML (no annotations): presentation MathML
content MathML (no annotations): content MathML
presentation MathML ; annotation: presentation MathMLannotation
presentation MathML ; annotation-xml: presentation MathMLannotation-xml
content MathML ; annotation: content MathMLannotation
content MathML ; annotation-xml: content MathMLannotation-xml


--- layout: project title: "The Armament Project" subtitle: "Ultra-high resolution weapon models" header_img: url: "assets/media/projects/armament-project/weapons/m4-ris/m4-ris-2.jpg" darken: 0.5 ---
Started in 2005, The Armament Project was a royalty-free repository for super-high-resolution gun and weapon models, intended as a resource/reference for weapon modellers. This was in an attempt to improve the quality of 3d weapon art used in games and game mods, and on a personal note it was also a great exercise in improving my skills at 3d work.
Unfortunately The Armament Project never really took off as a resource for modellers, however producing the models was extremely enjoyable and several made it to release. These can be seen below in each of their individual project pages.
Each model is still provided royalty-free for non-commercial use.


Finally available cheap Lyt2 (formerly known as FrostyJ, JJKilla811, JJSkillZz, and JJMoto88) has brought his skills to the market to take your account all the way to challenger!
Find Out MoreHigh level gameplay shown through obivous superiority as a challenger player
Maximum Effort given every game, no matter bans, autofill, or cancer enemy champions or teammates
Affordable prices for normal players just looking to learn some more or experienced players looking for specific critques
Who knows maybe the boost will blossom into a beautiful friendship (depending on your skill level, voice, and champion pool of course)
Because this font is green you can trust me!


3 overrides of IsOpen
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.Utility (1)
commands\utility\trace\TraceExpressionCommand.cs (1)
370
public override bool
IsOpen
System.Management.Automation (2)
utils\IObjectWriter.cs (1)
135
public override bool
IsOpen
utils\ObjectWriter.cs (1)
58
public override bool
IsOpen
11 references to IsOpen
System.Management.Automation (11)
engine\remoting\commands\ConnectPSSession.cs (2)
703
if (_writeStream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
718
if (_writeStream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
engine\remoting\commands\DisconnectPSSession.cs (2)
482
if (_writeStream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
491
if (_writeStream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
engine\remoting\commands\newrunspacecommand.cs (4)
454
if (writer.
IsOpen
)
567
if (writer.
IsOpen
)
590
if (writer.
IsOpen
)
605
if (writer.
IsOpen
)
engine\remoting\commands\PSRemotingCmdlet.cs (3)
3915
if (stream.ObjectWriter != null && stream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
4010
if (!matchFound && stream.ObjectWriter != null && stream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)
4043
if (!matchFound && stream.ObjectWriter != null && stream.ObjectWriter.
IsOpen
)


Navigation
index
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jade 0.0.1 documentation
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Welcome to jade’s documentation!
¶
Contents:
Glossary
Terms
Requirement levels indicator
Introduction
Installation
Requirements
Install
Configuration
Structure
Basic structures
API basics
API description
API
/agents
/agents/
/device_states
/device_states/
/peers
/peers/
/registries
/registries/
/core/channels
/core/channels/<detail>
/core/modules
/core/modules/<detail>
/core/systems
/core/systems/<detail>
/ob/plans
/ob/plans/<uuid>
/ob/destinations
/ob/destinations/<uuid>
/ob/dlmas
/ob/dlmas/<uuid>
/ob/dls
/ob/dls/<uuid>
/ob/dialings
/ob/dialings/<uuid>
/ob/campaigns
/ob/campaigns/<uuid>
/park/parkedcalls
/park/parkedcalls/<detail>
/park/parkinglots
/park/parkinglots/<detail>
/park/setting
/park/settings
/park/settings/<detail>
/pjsip/aors
/pjsip/aors/<detail>
/pjsip/auths
/pjsip/auths/<detail>
/pjsip/contacts
/pjsip/contacts/<detail>
/pjsip/endpoints
/pjsip/endpoints/<detail>
/queue/entries
/queue/entries/<detail>
/queue/members
/queue/members/<detail>
/queue/queues
/queue/queues/<detail>
/queue/setting
/queue/settings
/queue/settings/<detail>
/queue/statuses
/queue/statuses/<detail>
/voicemail/setting
/voicemail/settings
/voicemail/settings/<detail>
/voicemail/users
/voicemail/users/<detail>
/voicemail/vms
/voicemail/vms/<detail>
EVENT basics
EVENT description
EVENT
core.channel
park.parkedcall
queue.entry
queue.member
queue.queue
Outbound Basic
Concept
Features
Resources
Campaign
Plan
Destination
Result
Outbound Structure
Basic structures
Destination
Campaign
Plan
Dial list
Dialing
Outbound tutorial
Preparation
Basic tutorial
Normal call distribute
Indices and tables
¶
Index
Module Index
Search Page
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Welcome to jade’s documentation!
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--- layout: rustwasm title: wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture::from function description: wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture::from function keyword: wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture::from function ---
Many web APIs works asynchornously using Promise. Rust on the other hand uses JsFuture for handling asychronous operations elegantly. This example demonstrates wrapping a JavaScript Promise into a Rust JsFuture. Basically, a PNG image is retrieved using the window.fetch_with_request method. The response is then placed into an image element in the DOM.
The use of JsFuture await is shown below. In the example, resp_value is getting a value from the fetch_with_request method asynchronously. During "await" for the value, other tasks are allowed to take over the current thread. When the value is finally available, the function will then proceed to the next line of code to continue its execution.
pub async fn wasm_bindgen_future_jsfuture_from()
{
let window = web_sys::window().expect("global window does not exists");
let document = window.document().expect("expecting a document on window");
let image:HtmlImageElement = document
.get_element_by_id("my-image").unwrap().dyn_into().unwrap();
let request = Request::new_with_str("/webassembly.png").unwrap();
//Wrap Promise into JsFuture
let resp_value = JsFuture::from(window.fetch_with_request(&request)).await;
let response:Response = resp_value.unwrap().dyn_into().unwrap();
//Wrap Promise into JsFuture
let blob_value = JsFuture::from(response.blob().unwrap()).await;
let blob:Blob = blob_value.unwrap().dyn_into().unwrap();
let object_url = Url::create_object_url_with_blob(&blob);
image.set_src(&object_url.unwrap());
}
fn from(js: Promise) -> JsFuture


Priest Zigaunt:
I see you already have the Mark of Faith. If you meet
High Priestess Levian
, you can change profession.


The Merlin project is committed to ....
A component is a logical unit of one or more classes and related artifacts which together implement a functionality. A component delivers his functionality only through its "component interface". There can be one or more "component interface implementations".
A component is not aware of its functional environment - eg. a component can be deployed predictably in different application scenarios and environments.
A component is always responsible for the correctness of the incoming data / objects.
A component is described by a "component type descriptor" (Type) which holds immutable information associated with the component implementation and its interface (Metadata). Based on information accessible from an instance of Type a container has available the structural and runtime dependencies that an instance of a corresponding component will require.
In Merlin metadata are stored either in XML or in a binary format. Metadata are created automatically by "Magic" - which is the build tool for Merlin - or by Eclipse Studio from JavaDoc tags contained in the components interface or implementation.
Components in Merlin can get their information either through a freely configurable and extendable set of interfaces or by constructor injection.
The following set of interfaces are delivered as standard by Merlin:
- Lifestyle Management
- Merlin provides support for different component instantiation policies. These policies are referred to as lifestyles. Examples of lifestyle include 'singleton', 'per-thread', 'pooled' and 'transient'.
- Lifecycle Management
- Merlin provides support for constructor based injection of lifecycle artifacts, or optional phased delivery under which a component is processed through a series of lifecycle stages. Lifecycle processing involves the execution of a series of stages such as associating a logging channel, applying a configuration or component parameters, setting the runtime context, supplying dependent services, initialization, startup, shutdown and disposal. Within the Merlin system, lifecycle stages can be extended or modified through association of other components that provide lifecycle support. Merlin distinguishes these services as deployment dependencies as distinct from classic runtime dependencies.
In Merlin a block is a logical and physical unit of one or more components and its related artifacts. One artifact is the blocks metadata which contains information like its containing components, classloader directives and the "services" it delivers.
Other artifacts of a block might be persistence mapping information for contained components etc.
Physically a block is deployed in a standard jar file. To make it possible to identify blocks visually Merlin blocks are using the ".bar" file extension.
It's quite usual that the term "block" and the term "component" are used equivalent.
A block can declare the export of a set of services established by the components contained within it. This enables a container to function as a composite component relative to its peers. This composition is either done by "nested" or by "referenced" blocks.
An "include" directive in a block instructs Merlin to include an external block within the container. Services exported by the block will be made available to other components at the same level as the included block
With the "include" directive a block is included "by value" into a block. This is especially useful to structure larger blocks into smaller reusable blocks.
A "container" directive is used to reference other blocks / containers. Only services declared in the referenced block are accessible by the parent block. This directive is used to assemble a whole application by reusable blocks.
In Merlin every block is covered by its own container. The "startup" program, which instantiates and manages all the subsequent containers is called the "kernel".
Through that architecture Merlin assures a very secure and encapsulated runtime environment for each block.
Merlin differentiates two types of blocks: On one hand "application blocks" and on the other hand "Facilities".
Facilities are just normal blocks with the exception of:
- Facilities are able to access the kernel and its container model.
- Facilities are used to extend the functionality of the core Merlin container in a plugable and flexible manner.
- Facilities include technical services like JMX, messaging, logging, persistence, workflow etc.
This separation of concerns enables the enhancement or even exchange of kernel implementations without touching the implementation of the application blocks. This is one of the key features of Merlin which ensures on one hand a large stability for application blocks against technology change and on the other hand a high flexibility to adopt new technologies and to enhance the core functionality of Merlin.
Application blocks may also be hierarchically composed. But because this is not naturally darstellbar it is limited to one block.


Kristina processing pipeline
Voice detection
Speech-To-Text
Language analysis
Dialog management
Mode selection
Natural language generation
Avatar rendering
Timestamp
Message


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.datastax.driver.core |
The main package for the DataStax Java driver for Cassandra.
|
| com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions |
Exceptions thrown by the DataStax Java driver for Cassandra.
|
| com.datastax.driver.core.policies |
Policies that allow to control some of the behavior of the DataStax Java driver for Cassandra.
|
| com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs |
This package and its subpackages contain several convenience
TypeCodec s. |
| com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs.arrays |
This package contains a collection of convenience
TypeCodec instances useful for
serializing between CQL lists and Java arrays. |
| com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs.enums |
This package contains a collection of convenience
TypeCodec instances useful for
serializing between CQL types and Java enums. |
| com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs.jdk8 | |
| com.datastax.driver.extras.codecs.json |
This package contains a collection of convenience
TypeCodec instances useful for
serializing JSON structures. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AuthenticationException
Indicates an error during the authentication phase while connecting to a node.
|
| CodecNotFoundException
Thrown when a suitable
TypeCodec cannot be found by
CodecRegistry instances. |
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AlreadyExistsException
Exception thrown when a query attempts to create a keyspace or table that already exists.
|
| BootstrappingException
Indicates that the contacted host was bootstrapping when it received a read query.
|
| BusyConnectionException
Indicates that a connection has run out of stream IDs.
|
| ConnectionException
Indicates that a connection to a host has encountered a problem
and that it should be closed.
|
| CoordinatorException
An interface for exceptions that are able to report the address of the coordinator host
that was contacted.
|
| DriverException
Top level class for exceptions thrown by the driver.
|
| DriverInternalError
An unexpected error happened internally.
|
| InvalidConfigurationInQueryException
A specific invalid query exception that indicates that the query is invalid
because of some configuration problem.
|
| InvalidQueryException
Indicates a syntactically correct but invalid query.
|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| NoHostAvailableException
Exception thrown when a query cannot be performed because no host is
available.
|
| OperationTimedOutException
Thrown on a client-side timeout, i.e.
|
| OverloadedException
Indicates that the contacted host reported itself being overloaded.
|
| ProtocolError
Indicates that the contacted host reported a protocol error.
|
| QueryConsistencyException
A failure to reach the required consistency level during the execution of a query.
|
| QueryExecutionException
Exception related to the execution of a query.
|
| QueryValidationException
An exception indicating that a query cannot be executed because it is
syntactically incorrect, invalid, unauthorized or any other reason.
|
| ReadFailureException
A non-timeout error during a read query.
|
| ReadTimeoutException
A Cassandra timeout during a read query.
|
| ServerError
Indicates that the contacted host reported an internal error.
|
| SyntaxError
Indicates a syntax error in a query.
|
| TraceRetrievalException
Exception thrown if a query trace cannot be retrieved.
|
| TransportException
A connection exception that has to do with the transport itself, i.e.
|
| TruncateException
Error during a truncation operation.
|
| UnauthorizedException
Indicates that a query cannot be performed due to the authorization
restrictions of the logged user.
|
| UnavailableException
Exception thrown when the coordinator knows there is not enough replicas
alive to perform a query with the requested consistency level.
|
| UnpreparedException
Indicates that the contacted host replied with an UNPREPARED error code.
|
| UnresolvedUserTypeException
Thrown when a user type cannot be resolved.
|
| UnsupportedProtocolVersionException
Indicates that we've attempted to connect to a Cassandra node with a protocol version
that it cannot handle (e.g., connecting to a C* 1.2 node with protocol version 2).
|
| WriteFailureException
A non-timeout error during a write query.
|
| WriteTimeoutException
A Cassandra timeout during a write query.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DriverException
Top level class for exceptions thrown by the driver.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| InvalidTypeException
Thrown when a
TypeCodec
is unable to perform the requested operation (serialization,
deserialization, parsing or formatting) because the
object or the byte buffer content being processed does not
comply with the expected Java and/or CQL type. |