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BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (WESTERN ZONE) BENCH, PUNE APPLICATOIN NO.157 (THC) OF 2013 CORAM: HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE V.R. KINGAONKAR (JUDICIAL MEMBER) HON'BLE DR. AJAY A. DESHPANDE (EXPERT MEMBER) B E T W E E N: Society for Environmental Protection, Amravati, through its President Dr. Hemant S/o Vijay Bonde Patil, Aged 41 years, Occupation: Agriculture Resident of near SBI ATM, Rathi Nagar Amravati. .........APPLICANT AND 1. Union of India, Through its SECRETARY, Department of Environment & Forest, ParyavaranBhavan, C.G.O. Complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110 003. 2. State of Maharashtra, Through its Secretary, Department of Irrigation, Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 001. 3. Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation Civil Lines Nagpur. . Page 1 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 4. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, Through its Member Secretary, having its office at Kalataru Point, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Floor. Opp. Cine planet, Near Sion Circle, Sion €, Mumbai-400 022. 5. M/s Indiabulls Power Ltd, Amravati Thermal Power Project, Additional Industrial Area, Nangaon Pet, Amravati, Tahsil and District Amravati. .........RESPONDENTS Counsel for Applicant(s): Asim Sarode Advocate (Amicus Curiae) J.C.Shukla Advocate. Counsel for Respondent(s): Mr. Ishwer Singh, Advocate on panel/Legal Consultant/ Dr.Saroj, Director of MoEF / Mr. Krishna D. Ratnaparkhi, for Respondent No.1. Mr. S.G. Jagtap/Mr.S.S.Godbole, Advocates for Respondent Nos.2, 3. Mr.D.M.Gupte/Supriya Dangre, Advocates for Respondent No.4. Mr.Niraj Tyagi, & Mr.Chetan Sharma Sr. Advocate (V.P.Legal)/Mr.Dominic J.Braganza /Mr. Partha Pati/ Mr.Abhay Nevagi/ Advocates for Respondent No.5. Date : August 8th, 2014 J U D G M E N T
1. The present Application, was originally filed in the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, as Public Interest Litigation (PIL), No.27 of 2013, which was transferred by the Hon'ble Divisional Bench of High Court, to this Tribunal vide order dated June 12th Page 2 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 2013, noting that 'controversy needs to be looked into by the National Green Tribunal'. The Applicant is a registered Society comprising of the residents of Amravati city and the agriculturists.
FACTS AND LIMITATION
2. The instant Application is filed against establishment of a coal based Thermal Power Plant Project (TPP), of the Respondent No.5, which allegedly would not only destroy environment of Amravati city but would also deprive farmers of Amravati district from irrigation facility, made available to them by the Respondent No.3, through Upper Wardha Dam. It is grievance of the Applicant that the Respondent No.3, has allotted 87.6 Million Cubic Meters (MCM) water for the power plant of the Respondent No.5, from the Upper Wardha Dam, though said water is meant for irrigation of agricultural fields of the farmers and thus, the farmers would be deprived of irrigation facility. The Applicant further submits that the Respondent No.1, had approved change in configuration of the proposed power plant from 2x660 MW to 5x570 MW, vide letter dated 15th July, 2010 and further allowed expansion of said power plant vide letter dated 27th May, 2011. The Applicant further submits that there are several Thermal Power Plants, which have been approved and given necessary sanctions Page 3 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 by the various authorities without assessing the cumulative impacts of such high spurt in the power generation in Vidarbha region. Some of the plants referred are M/s TSR Power Pvt Ltd- 1320MW, Wardha Power Company, Dhamangaon -540 MW, M/s. RSI P Ltd, Amravati-4300 MW etc. The Applicant submits that except in Vidharbha, nowhere in the Maharashtra or for that of matter anywhere in India, such high power generation has been approved in one district. The Applicant says that nearby districts Chandrapur and Nagpur are already facing environmental consequences of the thermal power plants. The problems in Amravati district will be much severe due to proposed power plant. Apprehensions are also raised about Fly Ash disposal problem from such high coal based power generation capacity. The Applicant has, therefore, approached this Tribunal with following prayers:
a) Issue a writ of certiorari, and/or any other appropriate writ, order or direction, directing the Respondents to immediately stop proceeding with proposed project of Power Plant at Nandgaon Peth, Amravati.
b) It be held and declared that the Respondent No.2 should call the public opinion particularly farmers and residents of the vicinity and after hearing them, should reconsider the permission granted to the Respondent No.5 to start the power project at Nandgaon Peth, Amravati.
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3. In the present Application, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India, is the Respondent No.1, the Irrigation Department, Govt. of Maharashtra is the Respondent No.2, while Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation (VIDC), is the Respondent No.3. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), which implements environmental regulations in the State, is the Respondent No.4. M/s Indiabull Power Ltd, who is developing the Thermal Power Plant, is the Respondent No.5.
4. The Respondent No.5 filed a detailed affidavit on 25th September, 2013, through Mr. Vatsal Shah. The Respondent draws attention of the Tribunal towards Judgment of Hon'ble High Court dated 1 and 2 March, 2013, in Writ Petition Nos. 757 of 2011, and 758 of 2011 and PIL No.19 and 20 of 2011, a copy of which is part of the record and pleads that the Judgment delivered by the Hon'ble High Court has settled the issue of allocation of 87.6 MCM of water to the Respondent No.5 - Company by the Respondent Nos. 2 and 3, by holding that :
" 76. To sum up, then, our conclusions are as under :
(i) The impugned decision of the State Government and Vidharbha Irrigation Development Corporation in February 2009 to allocate 87.60 MCM of water Page 5 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 to the power plant of respondent No.5- Sofia Power Company Ltd (Now Indiabulls Power Limited) was not contrary to law or arbitrary or violative of the Governor's directives under Article 371(2) of the Constitution. "
5. It is submission of the Respondent No.5 that in view of clear findings recorded by the Hon'ble Bombay High Court, the issue of allocation of water to the Respondent No.5, Company cannot be now challenged before this Tribunal, in view of principle of Res Judicata and principle analogues to it.
6. The Respondent No.5, further submits that Govt. of Maharashtra issued letter of support dated 17.12.2007, to Indiabulls Realistic Ltd., which is holding Company of the Respondent No.5. MIDC allowed 1350 Acres of land at Nandgaon Peth industrial area vide letter dated 15.2.2008 and the Respondent No.5 has already paid a premium of Rs.19 Crores for such land. Further, Vidarbha Irrigation Corporation Ltd, vide letter dated 22 nd February, 2008 allotted 87.6 MCM for the project of the Respondent No.5. The Respondent No.5, further submits that the MoEF granted Environmental Clearance (EC), as per the provisions of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, for stage-I project (2x660 MW) on 27.2.2009. Subsequently, the MoEF also granted EC for Page 6 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 change in configuration of the units from 2x660 MW to 5x270 MW, vide letter dated 15th July, 2010. Thereafter, the MoEF also granted EC for expansion of the project- stage-II, on 27th May.2011, as per the provisions of EIA Notification on certain terms and conditions. The Respondent No.5 states that they have also issued necessary advertisements in the newspapers immediately after such grant of EC's, in compliance with the EIA Notification.
7. The Respondent No.5, further submits that MPCB granted consent to establish for stage-I, i.e. 2x660 MW, under the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1972 and the Hazardous Waste (M&H) Rules, 2008 on 16th March, 2009. The MPCB further granted consent for change in configuration from 2x660MW to 5x270 MW vide letter dated 14.9.2010. The Board also granted consent to establish for expansion of project. The Board also granted consent to operate for one unit of stage-I, project on 25th March, 2013.
8. The Respondent No.5, further submits that based on these permissions from various statutory Authorities, the Respondents have invested huge amount on the project development. It is averred that as on 31st August, 2013, Rs.6286.81 Crores on stage-I, and Rs.708.57 Page 7 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 Crores on stage-II, have been invested. Development of the power plant is in full swing and 90% of stage-I of the project and 26% of stage-II project are already completed.
9. The Respondent No.5, further submits that EC granted on 27th February, 2009, was challenged before the National Environment Appellate Authority (NEAA) by the Society of Backlog Removal and Development, Amravati, by filing Appeal No.12 of 2009, on various grounds, including on the issue of possible environmental impact of the proposed power project. However, the Authority vide its order dated 22nd May, 2009, declined to admit the Appeal, citing various reasons, and the said order has not been stayed or quashed and therefore holds good. It is, therefore, claimed by the Respondent-5 that EC granted to them has attained finality and cannot be challenged now before this Tribunal.
10. The Respondent No. 3, filed affidavit on 3rd October, 2013 and submits that no relief is claimed against the Respondent No.3, and as such it may be discharged. As regards impact over drinking water and irrigation uses of water due to above water allocation is concerned, Respondent No.3 submits that above allocation of water is made within percentage of water reserved for industrial use. The Respondent No.3, also referred to Judgment of the Hon'ble High Court Page 8 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 mentioned above and therefore prayed that the matter has already been finally settled by the Hon'ble High Court as far as allocation of water to the Respondent No.5 - Industry is concerned.
11. The Respondent No.4, filed in all five (5) affidavits i.e. dated 25th October, 2013, 17th December, 2013, 10thJanuary,2014, 2nd May, 2014 and 12th June, 2014, mainly in compliance of various orders of the Tribunal.
12. The Respondent No.4 in its affidavit dated 25th October, 2013, submits that the MPCB has considered the EC granted by the MoEF to the proposed power plant of the Respondent No.5 and also, verified that the power plant has proposed necessary pollution control systems, and then, granted Consent to Establish to the proposed power plant on the specific terms and conditions. The Board has stipulated stringent emission standards like TPM in stack emission not to exceed 50mg/Nm3 along with requirement of adequate height of stack and fly ash disposal conditions. The MPCB further submits that during their visit on 15th October, 2013, one unit of 270 MW of stage-I, was in operation and the industry has provided a common chimney with two (2) flue passes of height of 275 meters attached to two (2) boilers, as well as ESP having two (2) paths provided to each boiler and the same was in operation. The MPCB has also mentioned Page 9 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 compliance of various other conditions, including provision of ambient air quality monitoring and also continuous online stack monitoring system. It is observed from the visit report that some of the works are ongoing. The affidavit dated 17th December, 2013, states that after going through the results of stack monitoring conducted recently, MPCB observed that the stack emission parameters are found to be exceeding the standards laid down under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 2010 and as specified in consent. MPCB has sent necessary communication to the Respondent No.5, directing it to take effective steps to secure compliance of standards.
13. The Respondent No.5, filed counter affidavit highlighting various discrepancies in the entire sampling and analysis conducted by the MPCB of the stack air quality sampling, including site observation reports. The main grievance of the Respondent No.5, is that the MPCB has failed to recognize and monitor even basic information like stack gas temperature and velocity, which are normally consistent in such large plant. It is therefore contended by the Respondent-5 that the stack emission reports produced by the MPCB are not technically correct and they have already brought these discrepancies to the notice of MPCB. We asked the MPCB Page 10 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 to comment on the same and in reference, the MPCB filed another affidavit on 30th January, 2014, wherein it is submitted that the Board has decided to constitute a Committee to deal with the issue. The Committee's findings were submitted by the Board, in its affidavit dated 2nd May, 2014 and recommendations of the Committee are as under:
i) The samples dated 12-7-2013, 28-8-2013 and 30-9-2013 have not been taken as per Standard Sample Protocol, therefore cannot be relied upon. Therefore, the said results given in respect of these samples should be discarded.
ii) However, samples dated 15-10-2013, does not suffer from drawbacks in terms of sampling.
However, there is a delay in sample submission in the Laboratory as well as delay in analysis. Therefore the same also be discarded.
iii) MPCB shall cause a joint sampling of stack of Unit No.1, upon full commissioning in presence of committee to ascertain the compliance of emission standards.
iv) MPCB to cause revisit by following standard procedure and protocol for collection of stack samples including field data collection, instrument and field equipment calibration, sample preservation, submission of samples and procedures for laboratory analysis and reporting strictly in accordance with the guidelines issued by CPCB, i.e. Emission Regulation Part-10 (2013-2014) and Guidelines Page 11 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 on Methodology for Source Emission Monitoring at LATS/80/2013-2014.
v) MPCB shall arrange an immediate training to field Officers and laboratory persons with the help of CPCB, to ensure the scientific monitoring and analysis of stack sample in general and Thermal Power Plants in particular.
14. Based on this information and also, noting above recommendations of the Committee, the Tribunal further directed the Board to conduct monitoring vide its order dated 8th May, 2014 and accordingly, the Board has submitted affidavit on 10th June, 2014 and its report show that the stack emission parameters such as TPM and SO2 are within the consented limits.
15. The Applicants have pleaded about public hearing in their pleadings and during the hearing, it was brought to the notice of the Tribunal that the Repsondent-5 was given exemption from public hearing as stipulated in the EIA notification 2006. The Ministry of Environment and Forests, (MoEF) Government of India, (Respondent No.1), filed affidavit on 21st November, 2013, upon specific directions of the Tribunal dated 30th October, 2013, to clarify whether any public consultation process was followed prior to grant of EC for expansion project of the Respondent No.5. The Respondent No.1- MoEF, submits that the EC was accorded under the Page 12 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 provisions of EIA Notification 2006 and the thermal power project of Respondent-5 was exempted from public hearing in view of its location in a notified industrial area, in accordance with the provisions of EIA Notification. The Ministry claims to have confirmed this fact with the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) vide their letter dated 23rd June, 2008, that additional Amravati Industrial Area where the thermal power plant is located, is notified as 'Industrial Area'. The Respondent No.1- MoEF, specifically filed another affidavit on 13th March, 2014, based on the orders of the Tribunal dated 10th March, 2014, wherein the Tribunal directed learned Counsel for MOEF, to seek better clarification of Regulation No.7 (III) of EIA Notification, which requires clearance by the concerned Authority. An E-mail from the Deputy Director of MoEF, was placed on record by the learned Counsel. Considering inconsistency in the earlier affidavit and the present submission, the Respondent No.4, was directed to file an affidavit through a responsible officer in this regard. The Respondent No.4 - MoEF vide affidavit dated 13th March, 2014, expressed its stand, as mentioned in the affidavit, which is reproduced as below:
" The exemption from public consultation, as provided for under Para 7(i) III. Stage (3) (i)(b) Page 13 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 of EIA Notification 2006, is only available to the projects or activities located within the industrial estate or parks which have EIA Notification 2006 as provided for under item 7(c) of the Schedule ".
16. The Respondent No.5, filed affidavit on 21st April, 2014, which essentially claims that while granting EC to stage-I and II projects of the Respondent No.5, the MoEF, has considered all the aspects including that of exemption from public hearing based on understanding of the issue at that point of time and has granted the EC and, therefore, it is the stand taken by the Respondent No.5, that as the EC of stage-I, was already challenged before NEAA, which had not entertained the same and i.e. challenge to the E.C. Since the Respondents have invested such significant amount in the project development and even some of the units have already started operations, any adverse interpretation of 'requirement/exemption from public hearing' should not be made retrospective. The steps taken so far by the Respondents are irreversible. Respondents-5 therefore pleaded that the Tribunal should not take any decision with retrospective effect while interpreting the provision.
17. Considering rival pleadings and submissions of learned Counsel for the parties, following issues arise for adjudication of the present Application.
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(i) Whether the Application is within Limitation?
(ii) Whether the thermal power plant of the Respondent-5 is being operated as per the conditions of EC granted by MoEF and consent granted by MPCB? Whether there is any adverse impact of the thermal power plant in the surrounding areas as apprehended by the Applicant?
(iii) What is interpretation of Rule 7(III), regarding exemption of public hearing in the EIA Notification, 2006?
Re :-- Issue (i) :
18. The present Application has been registered in the Tribunal, upon transfer of PIL by the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, vide order dated 12th June, 2013, noting that controversy needs to be looked into by the NGT. The Applicant prays for immediate stopping of proceedings for proposed power project and also, prays that public opinion of the residents be taken into consideration by hearing them for reconsideration of permission. It is pertinent to note that though the Applicant has not converted his PIL into Regular Form of the NGT (Practices and Procedure) Rules, 2011, the Tribunal has been given certain flexibility in its Page 15 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 procedure vide Section 19(1) and 19(2) and therefore, considering that the issues raised are of substantial nature related to Environment and also, the fact that this being the case which got transferred from the Hon'ble High Court by specific order, the Tribunal is of the considered opinion that the Application shall be proceeded with. However, the Tribunal notes that the issue of allocation of water has already been settled by the Judgment of Hon'ble High Court. Hence, this Application is considered without going into the water allocation aspects raised in the petition. Re :-- Issue (ii) :
19. Learned Senior Counsel for the Respondent No.5, argued that the Respondent No.5 has been granted ECs for their stage-I and stage-II projects, including change in configuration by the MoEF from time to time. The Respondent No.5 - Industry has also received necessary consent from MPCB. The Industry has also provided State of Art pollution control system to achieve most stringent norms, which have been prescribed by both MoEF as well as MPCB. The project is at advance stage of commissioning and the Respondent No.5 has invested huge amount after obtaining necessary permissions from the statutory Agencies.
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20. Learned Senior Counsel for the Respondent No.5, further submits that the issue of 87.6 MCM water allocation has already been settled by the Hon'ble High Court and hence same cannot be re-agitated before this Tribunal, as it is barred by principle of Res Judicata and other principles analogues to it. He also further submitted that the EC of 2009, was challenged before the NEAA, which has refused admission of that Appeal challenging the E.C, stating various reasons. He also submitted that the industry has given wide publicity to the EC granted in 2009, 2010 and 2011, as per the provisions of the EIA Notification and therefore, those ECs cannot be challenged before this Tribunal, in view of limitation of time prescribed in Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
21. He also submitted that MoEF and MPCB, who are competent Authorities under the Environment Protection Laws, have considered all the aspects including cumulative impacts and only thereupon, they have granted permissions. Their consideration is reflected in stringent emission standards given to the Respondent- Industry, which will minimize the release of environmental pollutants in the area.
22. Learned Senior Counsel for the Respondent No.5, also submitted that the Industry has provided state of art Page 17 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 pollution control system and is committed to operate the same in efficient manner. He also brought to our notice the fact that environmental monitoring conducted by the MPCB had various scientific and technical flaws and based on their assertion; the MPCB had formed an Expert Committee, which has accepted the issues raised by the Respondents. The MPCB's further affidavit dated 10th June, 2014, also corroborates this fact by clearly indicating that stack emission levels at the Respondent No.5 - Industry are well within required standards.
23. The Environmental clearance and consent stipulate various conditions like stack emissions, use of specific quality coal, ambient air quality monitoring, waste water treatment, use of water, minimum flow in river etc. One of the main apprehensions of the Applicant is use of excessive water finally resulting in shortage of water for irrigation. Though, we are conscious of the fact that the issue about allocation of water to the Respondent-5 industry has been settled by Hon'ble High Court's judgment, we find serious concern regarding compliance of specific conditions of the MoEF, which read as under:
A. Specific Conditions:
(i) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (ii) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (iii) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (iv) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Page 18 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 (v) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (vi) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (vii) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (viii) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (ix) No ground water shall be extracted for use in
operation of the power plant even in lean season.
(x) xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx (xi) Minimum required environmental flow suggested
by the Competent Authority of the State Govt. shall be maintained in the Channel/Rivers (as applicable) even in lean season.
24. The MPCB reports have mainly focused on the compliance of conditions stipulated in consent, i.e. mainly related to pollution control management within the plant premises. As per the conditions of EC, the responsibility of ensuring the compliance of EC conditions is within domain of the MoEF. We find lack of comprehensive affidavit from the MoEF on the compliance of the above EC conditions. The project in the present Application is a very large power plant, and it was expected that the MoEF would regularly inspect such plant to ensure the compliances. We are not aware whether any such compliance monitoring has been done by the MoEF so far. And if it is so done then, what are the observations? In the absence of such report from MoEF, we are unable to verify the status of surrounding environment, even as the plant is now partially operational.
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25. MPCB monitoring also showed several flaws in sampling and analysis, thereby posing serious questions on the compliance monitoring done by both MoEF and MPCB. It is necessary that such large power plant needs to be regularly inspected and the compliance of EC/consent conditions are holistically and scientifically enforced on continuous basis, else the stringent conditions, as claimed by MPCB and Respondent-5, remains on paper, and the environment will be the salient sufferer.
26. The Respondent No.5 - Industry is now required to comply with the standards and norms prescribed by the MoEF/MPCB. What we find from the report of MPCB is that they have only assessed performance of the air pollution control system. It is necessary that the MPCB needs to implement measures suggested by its Expert Committee and conduct regular inspection of the industry in a scientific manner. Though, while appreciating the initiative of MPCB to form an Expert Committee, we are also concerned with the findings of MPCB Expert Committee, which raises serious doubt on entire sampling and monitoring conducted by the MPCB at such important power plant, in order to improve its credibility as scientific and technical organization. The environment monitoring is a very complex and scientific process and Page 20 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 we are aware that with increasing scope of pollutants and the specialized monitoring skills required in each of water, ambient air, stack and Hazardous waste sampling, it is now more difficult task for the field personnel to conduct scientific sampling and monitoring. In fact, each of these fields of monitoring itself is a specialization and MPCB needs to take various factors such as staff qualifications, training, and automation in sampling, remote monitoring etc. into account for avoiding such discrepancies in monitoring, sampling and analysis. We therefore expect the MPCB to consider this report of Expert Committee and the action taken thereupon, in next six (6) months. This is utmost necessary. The MPCB is a specialized regulatory body created by a special statute, wherein enormous responsibility is cast upon the MPCB to regulate industrial emissions and also, monitor environmental quality of air and water bodies in the state, which is essential to protect our precious environment. Any such non-observance of the procedure in sampling analysis and monitoring may result into inaccurate information leading to wrong decisions and environmental disasters and therefore, this needs to be immediately taken care of by the MPCB in most scientific and technical manner.
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27. Considering the records and also, the above discussions, though the MPCB has submitted the compliance of consent conditions by Respondent-5 industry for one unit, it is necessary that a comprehensive compliance monitoring needs to be done by the MoEF and MPCB, preferably on joint visit basis, to ensure compliance of EC/consent conditions in most effective manner, both on and off site. The Issue No.(ii) is, therefore, answered as partly affirmative subject to further verification of compliances. Re :-- Issue (iii) :
28. It is contended by Learned Senior Counsel that as the Respondent No.5 Industry is located in an area which had been acquired by the Govt. of Maharashtra for Industrial purpose and notified as an 'Industrial Area' on 27.12.1993, by the Govt. of Maharashtra and has undergone public hearing/consultation prior to acquisition of the lands and therefore, public consultation has already been conducted for the said area. It is the submission of Learned Senior Counsel that EIA Notification 2006, is only prospective in application. He submits that the MoEF has considered all such aspects and has given exemption from public hearing for the project of the Respondent No.5, which is just and within tenets of the Law. It is his submission that this view has Page 22 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 now been changed by the MoEF and the Tribunal might take a particular view in this regard. Such interpretation cannot be applied retrospectively.
29. Section 7 (i), (III), (i) of EIA Notification, 2006 reads as under :
III. Stage (3) -Public Consultation--(1) "Public Consultation" refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate. All Category 'A' and category B-1 projects or activities shall undertake Public Consultation, except the following:-
(a) xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx
(b) all projects or activities located within industrial estate or parks [item 7(c) of the Schedule] approved by the concerned authorities, and which are not disallowed in such approvals.
(c) xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxx
30. As pointed out by the learned Senior Counsel, concept of 'public hearing' in the Environmental Clearance, under the EIA Notification mandating 'obtaining of prior EC,' was first promulgated on 27th January, 1994 as amended in 1997, and underwent several amendments till 2004. The notification listed down thirty (30) odd industrial categories which required prior EC. The EIA Notification, 1994, (amended till 2002), did not mandate industrial estates/areas, to obtain prior Page 23 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 EC before same being established. We have gone through the affidavits dated 21st November, 2013, and 13th March 2014 wherein different interpretation of exemption clause is stated by the MoEF.
31. The Legislature has given utmost importance to ascertain the public views in the entire EC procedure by making provision of public hearing and consultation before appraisal of specified development projects for grant of EC. Similarly, reverse flow of dissemination of information about grant of EC and the conditions stipulated therein, are described elaborately in the EIA Notification, 2006. The intention of legislature is very clear, which aims to improve public consultation before grant of EC and information dissemination about decision taken on grant of EC, which has resulted in increased focus on public hearing mechanism under the 2006 Notification. We have carefully perused Clause of the relevant part (b), which reads "all projects or activities located within industrial estates or parks [Item 7(c) of the Schedule] approved by the concerned Authorities and which are not disallowed in such approval." It is, therefore, necessary to interpret this particular category for clarity on the issue. We are aware, as mentioned by learned Senior Counsel for the Respondent No.5 that MoEF, has considered such exemption for several Page 24 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 projects across the country either through itself or through State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAAs) for grant of EC. We are also aware that change of stance of MoEF, if accepted, will change entire course of implementation of the EIA Notification. The Tribunal is competent and authorized to deal with disputes related to "substantial question relating to environment (including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment)" to implementation of Acts listed in Schedule -I of NGT Act, 2010 and the EIA Notification squarely falls within domain of the scope of NGT as the same has been notified under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, which is the Act listed in Schedule-I. The 'public hearing'/consultation is undisputedly a legal right endowed by the EIA Notification, 2006 to the people in the project area and also public at large. The Tribunal, therefore, will endeavor to settle this dispute on the requirement/exemption granted under Rule-7 (i)(III) (b) of the EIA Notification,2006.
32. The plain and proper reading of this clause brings focus on two components of the sentence, namely; "within industrial areas and parks [Item 7(c) of Schedule]" and "approved by the concerned Authorities".
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33. The Hon'ble Principal Bench of NGT, in the case of Wilfred J. Vs MoEF (Original Application No.74 of 2014) decided on July 17, 2014, has observed:
132. ....."It is also a well-known rule of construction that a provision of a statute must be construed so as to give it a sensible meaning. Legislature expects the Courts to observe the maxim ut res magis valeat quam pareat. The Supreme Court, in the case of H.S. Vankani v. State of Gujarat, (2010) 4 SCC 301, stated that "it is a well-settled principle of interpretation of statutes that a construction should not be put on a statutory provision which would lead to manifest absurdity, futility, palpable injustice and absurd inconvenience or anomaly.
133. In Navinchandra Mafatlal v. CIT, AIR 1955 SC 58, the Supreme Court stated the law that "the cardinal rule of interpretation is that the words should be read in their ordinary, natural and grammatical meaning subject to this rider that in construing words in a constitutional enactment conferring legislative powers the most liberal construction should be put upon the words so that the same may have effect in their widest amplitude."
34. Interpretation of any 'statute' can be done in various methods like literalism, original intent, doctrinal approach and structuralism. A plain and elaborate reading clearly indicates that the legislature had considered 'industrial estates and parks' as listed in Item 7(c) of Schedule of the EIA Notification, while granting such exemption. It also includes the term "approved by Page 26 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 the concerned Authorities" and, therefore, two (2) phrases; Industrial Estate or Parks and approved by concerned Authorities, are linked with "Item 7(c) of Schedule," necessarily interpreting that both these terms need to be read in context of only provisions of the EIA Notification, 2006. Another question that arises is whether concerned Authorities have been notified in the EIA Notification? The Schedule attached to EIA Notification categorizes various projects/activities in the category of threshold limits of 'A' and 'B' category. Regulation-2 of the EIA Notification, clearly prescribes the concerned Regulatory Authority for implementation of rules. Regulation-2 is reproduced as under:
" 2. Requirements of prior Environmental Clearance (EC).- The following projects or activities shall require prior environmental clearance from the concerned Regulatory Authority, which shall hereinafter referred to be as the Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests for matters falling under Category 'A' in the Schedule and at State level the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) for matters falling under Category 'B' in the said Schedule, before any construction work, or preparation of land by the project management except for securing the land, is started on the project or activity:
(i) All new projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this Notification;
(ii) Expansion and modernization of existing projects or activities listed in the Schedule to this notification with addition of capacity Page 27 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 beyond the limits specified for the concerned sector, that is, projects or activities which cross the threshold limits given in the Schedule, after expansion or modernization;
(iii) Any change in product-mix in an existing manufacturing unit included in Schedule beyond the specified range. "
35. Further, we may also note the specific emphasis placed on the purpose of public hearing as mentioned in Regulation 7(i)III which is as follows:
" 'Public Consultation' refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as appropriate."
This provision clearly indicates that public hearing intends to ascertain all material concerns in the project or activity design is appropriate. And therefore, the public hearing under the EIA notification has a specific mandate and the public in general is expected to be informed about the project or activity design to solicit their views and concerns. This public hearing is different in nature, scope and process from other public hearing like under Land Acquisition Act etc. Page 28 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013
36. Therefore, we have no hesitation in agreeing to the stand taken by the MoEF in their affidavit dated 13.3.2014 that "exemption from public consultation, as provided for under Para 7(i) III. Stage (3) (i)(b) of EIA Notification 2006, is only available to the projects or activities located within the industrial estate or parks which have EIA Notification 2006 as provided for under item 7(c) of the Schedule". The 'concerned Authorities' for interpreting this Clause are already well defined in Regulation-2 of the Notification. This provision only exempts such projects located in Industrial area or park, which are already appraised on cumulative basis for their environmental impacts, for activity inside the entire industrial area/park.
37. Now, in view of above discussion, it is pertinent to discuss applicability of such stand taken by the MoEF, as now endorsed by this Tribunal. During hearing on 21st April, 2014, the officers of MoEF were present and had informed the Tribunal that they are informing all the concerned about the stand taken by the MoEF for immediate implementation of the Regulation-7, as stated above. The compliance of such assurance is not placed on record. We are aware that the MoEF and SEIAA have granted ECs to numerous projects granting an exemption based on earlier view of the MoEF. We are aware that Page 29 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 many of these projects have already commissioned and a large scale investment must have been made pursuant to the ECs granted by the concerned Authorities. In view of above, we are of the considered view that public hearing can only be exempted for all the projects located within industrial estates and parks which have been granted necessary EC by the concerned Authorities specified under EIA 2006 notification and which are not disallowed in such approval. We also hold that such a proposition shall be applicable with immediate effect, prospectively in view of the said projects which have been granted EC being now protected by principle of 'fait accompli' and it would be difficult to make the entire process reversible. The MoEF shall issue immediate directions to all the concerned Authorities and also issue necessary orders in this context, bringing this Judgment, to the notice of all concerned.
38. In the light of foregoing discussions, the Application is disposed of with following directions.
(I) We hold that "exemption from public consultation, as provided for under Para 7(i) III. Stage (3) (i)(b) of EIA Notification 2006, is only available to the projects or activities located within the industrial estate or parks which have obtained environmental Page 30 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 clearance under EIA Notification 2006 as provided for under item 7(c) of the Schedule".
(II) The industries which are being appraised as on today and hereafter shall be appraised for Environmental Clearance based on the above criteria by the MoEF and respective SEIAA.
(III) The MPCB, shall take necessary action as mentioned in earlier paras, in view of its Expert Committee's report, which highlighted need of improvement in sampling and monitoring mechanism of the Board in future.
(IV) The MoEF shall conduct inspection of Respondent No.5 - industry in next three (3) months to ascertain comprehensive compliance of EC granted to the Respondent -Industry and in case of any non-compliance, suitable action be initiated. MoEF shall also ascertain cumulative impacts related to thermal power plants in the surrounding areas in this appraisal process. A status report Page 31 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 including action taken, if any, shall be submitted to Tribunal in 3 months.
(V) The MoEF and MPCB shall regularly inspect the compliance at Respondent-5 industry, and are liberty to take suitable action in case of non-compliance.
(VI) The Application is disposed of. No costs.
.............................................,JM (Justice V. R. Kingaonkar) ..........................................., EM (Dr. Ajay.A. Deshpande) Date : August 8th , 2014.
Page 32 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013 Page 33 (J) Appln. No. 157 (THC) of 2013


{% extends "message.html" %} {% block message %}
{% trans new_email='{}'.format(new_email)|safe %} The email address on your account can not be changed to {{new_email}}. A different account is already registered with this email address. {% endtrans %}
{% endblock message %}


Jenny Rosenberg
Jenny Rosenberg is a designer, person, and dog lover from Northern Virginia, currently studying at the Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore.
VIEW WORK


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ArkGameFrame
v0.1.0
ArkGameFraime is a lightweight, fast, scalable, distributed module and plugin framework to create a game server easily. Greatly inspired by OGRE and Bigworld.
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Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | NFIRecordManager |
| Manager for nfi records. More... | |


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Data Preparation Pattern
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WITNESS LIST Education Committee April 29, 2003 - 8:30A HB 854 ON: Meraz, Gloria (Texas Library Association), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Eaton, Holly (Tx Classroom Teachers Assoc.), Austin, TX Gerstenschlager, MerryLynn (Texas Eagle Forum), Dallas, TX Kelly, Jack (Texas State Teachers Association), Austin, TX Lara, Rene (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX HB 882 ON: Pattillo, Baker (Stephen F. Austin State University), Nacogdoches, TX Smith, Roland (Stephen F. Austin State University), Nacogdoches, TX HB 1226 FOR: Winkler, Sarah (TASB & TASA), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Borden, Sandi (Texas Elementary Principals & Supervisors Association), Austin, TX Borreca, Chris (TASB, TASA, CSA), Austin, TX Lara, Rene (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX HB 1564 FOR: Petty, Trent (Town of Westlake), Westlake, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: O'Daniel, Patrick (Co-Bond Counsel Town of Westlake, Jenkens & Gilchrist), Austin, TX HB 1949 FOR: Eaton, Holly (Tx Classroom Teachers Assoc.), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Borden, Sandi (Texas Elementary Principals & Supervisors Association), Austin, TX DeLeon, Marty (TASB), Austin, TX DeLeon, Michael ((TASA) Tx. Assoc. of School Administrators), Austin, TX Kelly, Jack (Texas State Teachers Association), Austin, TX Lara, Rene (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX Reeves, Gary (Texas Assoc. School Personnel Adms.), Austin, TX Whelan, Lauren (Assoc. of Texas Professional Educators), Austin, TX SB 4 ON: Hollis, Lois (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Pena, Martin (South Texas Association of Schools), Edinburg, TX SB 1038 FOR: Barr, Mary (Communities in Schools-Texas), Belton, TX Douglas, Christine (CIS of Comal County and CIS of Texas), New Braunfels, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Binder, Jill (Self/CIS Lubbock County), Lubbock, TX Hurt, William (Communities In Schools), Houston, TX Loving, Don (Communities In Schools-Cen. Tx), Austin, TX McDurham, Doug (CIS of Texas, Inc. and McLennan County Youth Collaboration), Waco, TX On: Cowan, Tommy W. (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX SB 1167 Registering, but not testifying: For: Banda, Jennifer (Texas Hospital Association), Austin, TX Reeves, Gary (Texas Assoc. School Personnel Adms.), Austin, TX Willmann, James (Texas Nurses Association), Austin, TX On: Gunn, Bruce (Texas Dept. Health, Health Professions Resource Center), Austin, TX SB 1181 AGAINST: Reeves, Gary (Texas Assoc. School Personnel Adms.), Austin, TX Shaddix, Julian (Texas Association of Secondary School Principals), Austin, TX ON: Borreca, Chris (TASB, TASA, CSA), Austin, TX Hartman, Eric (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX Jacobs, Billy (TEA), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Collins, Robby V. (Dallas ISD), Dallas, TX Eaton, Holly (Tx Classroom Teachers Assoc.), Austin, TX Whelan, Lauren (Assoc. of Texas Professional Educators), Austin, TX SB 1820 FOR: Holcombe, Linda (Texas Industrial Vocational Association), Austin, TX Quinten, Jim (Automotive Wholesalers of Texas), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Green, Terry (Family & Consumer Sciences Teachers Assn. of Tx), Austin, TX Lara, Rene (Texas Federation of Teachers), Austin, TX Whelan, Lauren (Assoc. of Texas Professional Educators), Austin, TX Young, Gerald (Agriculture Teachers Assn. of Texas), Austin, TX Providing written testimony: For: Blincoe, Reece (Del Valle ISD), Del Valle, TX


Versions of Safari (up to 1.2) and Opera Mobile (up to at least 8.6.5) have buggy XHR implementations that claim to support GET and POST, however the body of POST requests is lost.
To work around this limitation DWR automatically detects buggy versions of Safari and switches from POST (the default) to GET.
There are 2 downsides of GET:
From DWR version 2.0 the default is to disallow GET requests because the majority of Safari users are on less buggy versions of the browser.
If you wish to enable GET for maximum compatibility, and accept the slightly increased security risks, you should set the allowGetForSafariButMakeForgeryEasier
init-param to true.
Add to your WEB-INF/web.xml as follows:
<servlet> <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>allowGetForSafariButMakeForgeryEasier</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </servlet>


Variables can, but do not need, to be declared before assignment
Variables in PHP do not have intrinsic types - a variable does not know in advance whether it will be used to store a number or a string of characters.
Variables used before they are assigned have default values.


{{/* {# ------------------------------------------------------- #} {# PARTIAL TEMPLATE: DONATE #} {# ------------------------------------------------------- #} */}}
Unlike other sites, we're keeping Schmopera ad-free. We want to keep our site clean and our opinions our own. Support us for as little as $1.00 per month.


Math.random() returns a random number between 0 (included) and 1 (excluded):
First number is:
Second number is:
Your answer is:


Brief description of myself
Am evans a web developer,here are some of list of the projects that i have done through my entire carreer as a developer:
- Resort website
- Cookie recipe
- My first webpage
This is a website that i created for clients to view their what is being offered for them during their stay .This website was created using HTML language.
Cookie recipe its a website that contain certain procedure to prepare a certain meal.This website was created using HTML language.
i created this page as my first webpage ,so it has some incomplete codes.This website was created using HTML language.


Welcome to DockerCon 2017!
Good job on working through the Windows 101 hands-on-lab! Click to Tweet about your progress!
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Namespace:
ServerAPI
Assembly: ServerAPI (in ServerAPI.dll)
Top
Top
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Assembly: ServerAPI (in ServerAPI.dll)
Public Class WebApiApplication
Inherits HttpApplication
This language is not supported or no code example is available.
public class WebApiApplication : HttpApplication
This language is not supported or no code example is available.
public ref class WebApiApplication : public HttpApplication^
This language is not supported or no code example is available.
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Application | Gets the current state of an application. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Context | Gets HTTP-specific information about the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Modules | Gets the collection of modules for the current application. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Request | Gets the intrinsic request object for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Response | Gets the intrinsic response object for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Server | Gets the intrinsic server object for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Session | Gets the intrinsic session object that provides access to session data. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Site | Gets or sets a site interface for an IComponent implementation. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| User | Gets the intrinsic user object for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). |
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| AddOnAcquireRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified AcquireRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous AcquireRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnAcquireRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified AcquireRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous AcquireRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnAuthenticateRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified AuthenticateRequest event to the collection of asynchronous AuthenticateRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnAuthenticateRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified AuthenticateRequest event to the collection of asynchronous AuthenticateRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnAuthorizeRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified AuthorizeRequest event to the collection of asynchronous AuthorizeRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnAuthorizeRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified AuthorizeRequest event to the collection of asynchronous AuthorizeRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnBeginRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified BeginRequest event to the collection of asynchronous BeginRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnBeginRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified BeginRequest event to the collection of asynchronous BeginRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnEndRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified EndRequest event to the collection of asynchronous EndRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnEndRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified EndRequest event to the collection of asynchronous EndRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnLogRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified LogRequest event to the collection of asynchronous LogRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnLogRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified LogRequest event to the collection of asynchronous LogRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnMapRequestHandlerAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified MapRequestHandler event to the collection of asynchronous MapRequestHandler event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnMapRequestHandlerAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified MapRequestHandler event to the collection of asynchronous MapRequestHandler event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAcquireRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostAcquireRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous PostAcquireRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAcquireRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostAcquireRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous PostAcquireRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAuthenticateRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostAuthorizeRequest event to the collection of asynchronous PostAuthorizeRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAuthenticateRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostAuthenticateRequest event to the collection of asynchronous PostAuthenticateRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAuthorizeRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostAuthorizeRequest to the collection of asynchronous PostAuthorizeRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostAuthorizeRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostAuthorizeRequest event to the collection of asynchronous PostAuthorizeRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostLogRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostLogRequest event to the collection of asynchronous PostLogRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostLogRequestAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostLogRequest event to the collection of asynchronous PostLogRequest event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostMapRequestHandlerAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostMapRequestHandler event to the collection of asynchronous PostMapRequestHandler event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostMapRequestHandlerAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostMapRequestHandler event to the collection of asynchronous PostMapRequestHandler event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostReleaseRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostReleaseRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous PostReleaseRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostReleaseRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostReleaseRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous PostReleaseRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostRequestHandlerExecuteAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostRequestHandlerExecute event to the collection of asynchronous PostRequestHandlerExecute event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostRequestHandlerExecuteAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostRequestHandlerExecute event to the collection of asynchronous PostRequestHandlerExecute event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostResolveRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostResolveRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous PostResolveRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostResolveRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostResolveRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous PostResolveRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostUpdateRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PostUpdateRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous PostUpdateRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPostUpdateRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PostUpdateRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous PostUpdateRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPreRequestHandlerExecuteAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified PreRequestHandlerExecute event to the collection of asynchronous PreRequestHandlerExecute event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnPreRequestHandlerExecuteAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified PreRequestHandlerExecute event to the collection of asynchronous PreRequestHandlerExecute event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnReleaseRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified ReleaseRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous ReleaseRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnReleaseRequestStateAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified ReleaseRequestState event to the collection of asynchronous ReleaseRequestState event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnResolveRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified ResolveRequestCache event handler to the collection of asynchronous ResolveRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnResolveRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified ResolveRequestCache event handler to the collection of asynchronous ResolveRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnUpdateRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler) | Adds the specified UpdateRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous UpdateRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AddOnUpdateRequestCacheAsync(BeginEventHandler, EndEventHandler, Object) | Adds the specified UpdateRequestCache event to the collection of asynchronous UpdateRequestCache event handlers for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Application_Start() | ||
| CompleteRequest | Causes ASP.NET to bypass all events and filtering in the HTTP pipeline chain of execution and directly execute the EndRequest event. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Dispose | Disposes the HttpApplication instance. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Equals(Object) | Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (inherited from Object). | |
| Finalize | Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (inherited from Object). | |
| GetHashCode | Serves as the default hash function. (inherited from Object). | |
| GetOutputCacheProviderName(HttpContext) | Gets the name of the default output-cache provider that is configured for a Web site. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| GetType | Gets the Type of the current instance. (inherited from Object). | |
| GetVaryByCustomString(HttpContext, String) | Provides an application-wide implementation of the VaryByCustom property. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Init | Executes custom initialization code after all event handler modules have been added. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| MemberwiseClone | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (inherited from Object). | |
| OnExecuteRequestStep(Action<HttpContextBase, Action>) | (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| ToString | Returns a string that represents the current object. (inherited from Object). |
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| AcquireRequestState | Occurs when ASP.NET acquires the current state (for example, session state) that is associated with the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AuthenticateRequest | Occurs when a security module has established the identity of the user. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| AuthorizeRequest | Occurs when a security module has verified user authorization. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| BeginRequest | Occurs as the first event in the HTTP pipeline chain of execution when ASP.NET responds to a request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Disposed | Occurs when the application is disposed. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| EndRequest | Occurs as the last event in the HTTP pipeline chain of execution when ASP.NET responds to a request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| Error | Occurs when an unhandled exception is thrown. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| LogRequest | Occurs just before ASP.NET performs any logging for the current request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| MapRequestHandler | Occurs when the handler is selected to respond to the request. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostAcquireRequestState | Occurs when the request state (for example, session state) that is associated with the current request has been obtained. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostAuthenticateRequest | Occurs when a security module has established the identity of the user. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostAuthorizeRequest | Occurs when the user for the current request has been authorized. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostLogRequest | Occurs when ASP.NET has completed processing all the event handlers for the LogRequest event. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostMapRequestHandler | Occurs when ASP.NET has mapped the current request to the appropriate event handler. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostReleaseRequestState | Occurs when ASP.NET has completed executing all request event handlers and the request state data has been stored. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostRequestHandlerExecute | Occurs when the ASP.NET event handler (for example, a page or an XML Web service) finishes execution. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostResolveRequestCache | Occurs when ASP.NET bypasses execution of the current event handler and allows a caching module to serve a request from the cache. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PostUpdateRequestCache | Occurs when ASP.NET finishes updating caching modules and storing responses that are used to serve subsequent requests from the cache. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PreRequestHandlerExecute | Occurs just before ASP.NET starts executing an event handler (for example, a page or an XML Web service). (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PreSendRequestContent | Occurs just before ASP.NET sends content to the client. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| PreSendRequestHeaders | Occurs just before ASP.NET sends HTTP headers to the client. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| ReleaseRequestState | Occurs after ASP.NET finishes executing all request event handlers. This event causes state modules to save the current state data. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| RequestCompleted | Occurs when the managed objects that are associated with the request have been released. (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| ResolveRequestCache | Occurs when ASP.NET finishes an authorization event to let the caching modules serve requests from the cache, bypassing execution of the event handler (for example, a page or an XML Web service). (inherited from HttpApplication). | |
| UpdateRequestCache | Occurs when ASP.NET finishes executing an event handler in order to let caching modules store responses that will be used to serve subsequent requests from the cache. (inherited from HttpApplication). |


--- layout: post title: Changing Your Organization date: 2013-01-10 23:51:31.000000000 -08:00 categories: - technical-writing tags: [] status: draft type: post published: false ---
In a recent comment, Keith Soltys said,
Sometimes the technical issues around content reuse and publishing are the easiest to resolve – organizational and cultural changes are much harder to implement. This is something that you didn't really touch on in your post, and I'd like to see your thoughts on the subject.


Champions League permutations: What results Liverpool and Chelsea need to reach the last 16
by Michael SearlesManchester City and Tottenham may have already sealed their place in the Champions League knockout round, but for many clubs a place in February’s round of 16 is still to play for.
City are guaranteed top spot regardless of Wednesday night’s result against Dinamo Zagreb, while Jose Mourinho’s Spurs face a trip to Bayern Munich safe in the knowledge they can only finish second in the group behind the German side whatever happens on Wednesday.
Read more: What has gone wrong for Manchester City?
However, Liverpool and Chelsea’s fates are less certain, with both still facing the possibility of heading into the Europa League in the New Year.
They are both involved in the only two groups where there are three teams who could all finish in either first or second place.
Reds’ task in Austria
A draw against Red Bull Salzburg will be enough for Liverpool to progress, but they will need a win to guarantee top spot with Napoli able to surpass them with victory over the winless Genk.
It means Jurgen Klopp is likely to field his strongest side, although last week’s 5-2 blitz of Everton showcased the depth of his squad should he wish to rotate again ahead of the Reds’ hectic Christmas schedule.
Simply put, it is in Liverpool’s hands. It is only if they lose that things begin to get complicated.
Defeat would bring Salzburg level on 10 points with Liverpool, while Napoli could also finish the group stage on 10 points with a draw against Genk. They drew the reverse fixture 0-0.
In this unlikely scenario, the teams would have to be separated by Uefa’s tiebreak rules. It would see the team’s head-to-head record compared, essentially creating a mini-group of the three clubs disregarding results against Genk.
In this instance, Napoli would go through in first place, while Liverpool and Salzburg would be tied, resulting in their head-to-head record being compared.
It would only get to this point if they had a win a piece and as such would come down to goal difference in the two games they played, with subsequent tiebreak criteria of goals scored and then away goals.
If Napoli win and Salzburg beat Liverpool, the Italians would top the group and the tiebreak would skip straight to a comparison of the head-to-head record of Liverpool and Salzburg.
Blues’ tight group
The situation for Chelsea is a little clearer. The Blues are currently third in the group by way of a worse head-to-head record with Valencia, meaning they have to get something when they welcome Lille to Stamford Bridge tomorrow evening in order to progress.
A win would guarantee they qualify for the knockout stages, bringing their total to 11 points, with one of Ajax or Valencia, if not both, guaranteed to drop points due to playing one another.
Chelsea would only go through as group winners if those two draw, however, which would tie them with Ajax on points and put them first on a superior head-to-head record. An Ajax or Valencia win would see them remain behind the winners either on points or head-to-head respectively.
Meanwhile, a draw would only be enough to send them through in second place should Valencia lose that match. If the Spanish side get anything in Amsterdam, then Chelsea would be out, meaning a win is the only way to ensure their progression
It means qualification still hangs in the balance for both the reigning Champions League and Europa League champions.
But should they both progress, it would be the third successive season that all English sides involved have reached the knockout rounds.
The permutations
Group A
1st: PSG
2nd: Real Madrid
Group B
1st: Bayern Munich
2nd: Tottenham
Group C
1st: Man City
2nd: Shakhtar Donetsk, Dinamo Zagreb, Atalanta
Group D
1st: Juventus
2nd: Atletico Madrid, Bayer Leverkusen
Group E
1st: Liverpool, Napoli, Salzburg
2nd: Liverpool, Napoli, Salzburg
Group F
1st: Barcelona
2nd: Inter Milan, Borussia Dortmund
Group G
1st: RB Leipzig, Lyon
2nd: Zenit St Petersburg, Lyon, Leipzig
Group H
1st: Ajax, Valencia, Chelsea
2nd: Ajax, Valencia, Chelsea


--- layout: post title: "A Year's Worth of Fridays (and the Hack Education Weekly News)" date: 2018-11-18 18:30:00 +0000 tags: image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/audreywatters/2017-11-03-news.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/62693815@N03/6277209256 ---
Even though I’m not doing an in-depth series of articles on what we were told about the future of education this year, I have decided to pull together a list of all the Friday news round-ups I’ve written. Going through these can give you a pretty good picture of what’s happened in the last twelve months or so.


GBP/USD: Firm around 4-week high, ignores Brexit news amid UK’s political optimism
by Anil Panchal- GBP/USD ignores the EU’s refrain to renegotiate the Brexit deal.
- UK’s Liberal Democrats and SNP are barred from taking part in ITV’s election debate.
- Second-tier data from the US and the UK could offer intermediate directives while trade, Brexit and political news can lead the momentum.
Not only increased odds of the UK PM’s success in the December election but the recent decision to keep smaller parties out of the ITV’s election debate also favor the GBP/USD pair as it trades around 1.2950 during Tuesday’s Asian session.
The United Kingdom (UK) Prime Minister (PM) Boris Johnson appreciated his Brexit deal during the speech at the Confederation Board of Industries (CBI). The event could also witness other party leaders sticking to their agenda. What was interesting to note was that the Liberal Democrats (LibDems) and the Scottish National Party (SNP) were then barred by judges from taking part in the ITV’s head to head election debate, up for publishing on November 19.
Given this shows an increase in the Tory leader’s grip over British politics, Cable traders ignored recent comments from the European Union (EU). The EU’s trade chief recently crossed wires, via Reuters, while saying that the UK PM Johnson will get only “bare bones” trade deal from Brussels next year or none at all.
On the other hand, odds are again turning down for phase one deal between the United States (US) and China. Also, Fedspeak has been repetitive while talks between the Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell, US President Donald Trump and the Trade Secretary Steve Mnuchin hovered around many key issues.
Moving on, comments from the ITV debate will be the key to follow the UK politics while trade headlines could keep the US dollar (USD) traders entertained. On the economic front, November month CBI Industrial Trends Survey data for Order MoM will decorate the British calendar whereas the US Building Permits, Housing Starts and speech from the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, John C. Williams will be the key to follow.
Technical Analysis
The quote is yet to cross 1.3000 round-figure, needless to mention about the previous-month high of 1.3013, which in turn portrays the pair’s weakness that can drag it to monthly lows near 1.2770 if 1.2900 breaks.
additional important levels
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Today last price | 1.2954 |
| Today Daily Change | 5 pips |
| Today Daily Change % | 0.04% |
| Today daily open | 1.2949 |
| Trends | |
|---|---|
| Daily SMA20 | 1.2874 |
| Daily SMA50 | 1.2634 |
| Daily SMA100 | 1.2464 |
| Daily SMA200 | 1.2703 |
| Levels | |
|---|---|
| Previous Daily High | 1.2986 |
| Previous Daily Low | 1.2908 |
| Previous Weekly High | 1.2918 |
| Previous Weekly Low | 1.2785 |
| Previous Monthly High | 1.3013 |
| Previous Monthly Low | 1.2194 |
| Daily Fibonacci 38.2% | 1.2956 |
| Daily Fibonacci 61.8% | 1.2938 |
| Daily Pivot Point S1 | 1.2909 |
| Daily Pivot Point S2 | 1.2869 |
| Daily Pivot Point S3 | 1.283 |
| Daily Pivot Point R1 | 1.2988 |
| Daily Pivot Point R2 | 1.3026 |
| Daily Pivot Point R3 | 1.3066 |


Lost in Space
USA. 1998. Director - Stephen Hopkins, Screenplay - Akiva Goldsman, Producers - Goldsman, Hopkins, Carla Fry & Mark W. Koch, Photography - Peter Levy, Music - Bruce Broughton, Visual Effects Supervisor - Angus Bickerton, Visual Effects - Cinesite Europe (Supervisor - Jonathan Privett), The Computer Film Co, The Film Factory at VTR, Framestore & The Magic Camera Co (Supervisor - Steven Begg), Creature Effects - Jim Henson's Creature Workshop (Creature Supervisor - Karen Halliwell & John Stephenson, Digital Effects Supervisor - Christian Hogue, Electronics Supervisor - Julian Manning), Special Effects Supervisor - Nick Allder, Production Design - Norman Garwood, Supervising Art Director - Keith Pain. Production Company - Prelude Pictures/Irwin Allen Productions. William Hurt (Professor John Robinson), Matt LeBlanc (Major Don West), Jack Johnson (Will Robinson), Gary Oldman (Dr Zachary Smith), Heather Graham (Dr Judy Robinson), Lacey Chabert (Penny Robinson), Mimi Rogers (Dr Maureen Robinson), Jared Harris (Older Will)
Plot: The Robinson family are about to be launched aboard the Jupiter Mission to set up a hyperspatial gate on the planet Alpha Prime to relieve strained environmental resources on Earth. But the family is divided by dysfunctionality from within with the two youngest children Will and Penny resenting their father's lack of attention to them. Meanwhile a terrorist organization has ordered Dr Zachary Smith to sneak aboard and sabotage the mission and then abandoned him for dead as it is launched. As Smith and the Robinsons struggle to stop the robot Smith has programmed to go amok, they are forced to engage the hyperdrive to stop the ship going into the sun, causing them to emerge at a point where they are lost in space.
And so the current fad for big-screen, big-budget remakes of 1960s tv series continues, with `Lost in Space' being the latest to receive the all-star treatment. It has been a massive hit, although as with much recent genre product (`Godzilla', `The Postman', `Sphere') has receive a middling response if not outright slamming from the critics. The critical response in this case is interesting with reviewers either tending to be condescendingly praiseworthy ("nice effects, just switch the brain off") or negative for a variety of reasons that seem to hover around something to do with the film's failure to be faithful to the original series. (The most bizarre review was the wholly hostile one in the New Zealand Listener which interpreted the costumes and the promotional LS logo as neo-Nazi and the relationship between Will and Dr Smith as paedophile).
But all the talk about faithfulness to the original series is founded on the misapprehension that the original series was some classic - which it isn't. When it began in 1965, the series was a typical space opera - `Flash Gordon' or some copy of a 1950s juvenile tv serial like `Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers' - recast for the Space Age. But it was poor sf, shockingly ignorant of basic science (a basic trademark of any Irwin Allen sf series) and lacked any conceptual depth other than featuring a monster or space cowboy of the week. With the second season and the move into colour, the camp element took over with Jonathan Harris, supported by Will and the robot, becoming the real star of the show, playing to the camera as broadly as possible. It is the camp silliness and the kitsch appeal of the show's corniness today that has made the series a cult item. Certainly its popularity in reruns is for reasons that have almost nothing to do with sf. The movie has been criticized for its lack of humour, in taking a much grittier, more realistic approach and for having abandoned the style of the series. Which, if any of the critics really sat down and examined what they were saying, is a fatuous statement - any faithful approach would surely have left the film emerging as some science-fictional cousin to `The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert'.
There was the question of which way the film would go. One had the dreadful feeling that it would turn out something like `The Brady Bunch Movie' with the 1960s po-facedness put through the brutally sarcastic wringer of 1990s deconstruction. And the presence, as both scripter and producer, of Akiva Goldsman who wrote the last two `Batman' sequels - which should in any book have deemed him unemployable in the industry again - did not exactly inspire confidence. At most the trailer gave the indication it would be all special effects flash and a no-brain "sci-fi" script. But the surprise is that `Lost in Space' is actually a halfway reasonable effort. It remains quite faithful to the series basic mythology while refashioning it into a scenario where real world temperaments intrude upon the absurd ideal of the perfect nuclear family that the 1960s series held up. Now the Robinsons are a dysfunctional family - Penny (in an annoyingly whiny performance from Lacey Chabert) is a cynical punked-out brat and Will an ignored child prodigy who only wants his father to spend some time with him; the women no longer stand about and do the cooking while the men go adventuring but are all technically competent and hold doctorates; West goes from the handsome hero to a cocksure macho jerk and in comes a good deal of overt sexual banter between he and Judy; we even get to see Smith actually performing a medical operation and Don West being the pilot which we never did in the series. The basic design of the robot is retained but at the same time it rebuilt into a heavily armoured fighting machine. There are a number of other touches that only fans of the original would pick up - Penny gets a new CGI version of her old space-monkey; or how Gary Oldman does a quite accurate mimicry of the craven and loquacious character that Jonathan Harris created and naturally gets to entangle Will into his schemes while trotting out classic Smith-isms like "Never fear, Smith is here." And of course the minor parts are filled with cameos by members of the original cast - Angela Lockhart (the mother in the series) is the holographic president whose image Will messes about with at the start; Marta Kristen (Judy in the series) and Angela Cartwright (Penny in the series) are reporters at the press conference; and Mark Goddard (Don West in the series) is the general who assigns the new Don West to the mission.
Just seeing how the film has reconstructed the familiar characters and icons of the original makes it quite intriguing. Equally so the film is filled with some breath-taking effects sequence which are conducted at an immensely exciting pace. The venture into the abandoned Proteus is a marvellously suspense-fraught set-piece. The sheer kinesis of the film carries it but the downside is that while the film sets itself up well, its last quarter act falls apart. Goldsman's time-travel plot is far too ambitious for the hurtlingly-paced space opera the film is trying to be. And further it seems only half a plot which leaves all sorts of questions and loopholes hanging - how does the future with the elder Will still remain extant instead of being edited out once the past is changed ? Or exactly what is the Proteus mission meant to be doing - did The Jupiter II travel through time or not and, if so, why didn't the Proteus mission? And the climactic dive through the planet's core is geologically preposterous. Nevertheless for the most part the film manages to divert one's attention well with its dark and savvy reworking of the series mythology and its hurtling array of effects bravado - it's not a bad start for what promises to be an ongoing series.
Intriguing piece of trivia:- Did you know that the release of the film comes one year after the date the series set as the year of the Jupiter 2's launch ?
Reviewed by Richard Scheib
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Hidden h1 element that is a child of a main landmark
h1 element that is a child of the banner landmark
h1 element that is a child of the main landmark
h1 element that is a child of the main/region landmark
h1 element that is a child of the main/region/region landmark
h1 element outside of the main landmar


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Because of the use of ﬁnite-size shape, PIC method can also be considered as a kind of ﬁnite element method[7].
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NCP MLAs' letters of support have been misused: Nawab Malik
by ANIAdding more twists and turns to the Maharashtra potboiler, Nationalist Congress Party leader Nawab Malik on Saturday said that his party had taken signatures from MLAs for attendance which were later misused, a dig at Ajit Pawar, who was sworn in on Saturday as Maharashtra's deputy chief minister.
"We had taken signatures from MLAs for attendance, it was misused as a basis for the oath," Malik said.
Earlier in the day, Devendra Fadnavis took oath as the chief minister of Maharashtra for the second term.
BJP, with 105 seats forged alliance with the Nationalist Congress Party which bagged 54 seats to garner the majority figure.
Meanwhile, NCP chief Sharad Pawar clarified that the decision of going with BJP to form the government in Maharashtra is of his nephew Ajit Pawar, who took as deputy chief minister on Saturday.
"Ajit Pawar's decision to support the BJP to form the Maharashtra government is his personal decision and not that of the Nationalist Congress Party. We place on record that we do not support or endorse this decision of his," Sharad Pawar tweeted.
The move came at a time when deliberations between Congress, NCP and Shiv Sena seemingly reached the final stage on Friday.
Earlier, NCP supremo Sharad Pawar had claimed that there was a consensus on Sena chief Uddhav Thackeray as chief minister of the alliance government.
Shiv Sena bagged 56 seats while 44 seats went to Congress in the 288-member Maharashtra assembly.


I am currently a sophomore at Harvard studying Applied Mathematics 📝 (with applications to CS) as well as Economics 🐍. My main career interests include finance, consutling, and tech. On campus, I am a member of the Harvard College Consulting Group 💼, Harvard Computing Society, and Harvard Financial Analysts Club. Right now I work as a Displays Intern 🖥 at Hewlett Packard in Cypress, TX (my hometown). My hobbies include investing, writing, photography, and programming 👨🏼💻. My latest project is an iOS Food/Exercise tracking app.
Outside of school and work, I’m a big sports guy ⚽ 🏀 🏈 and am passionate about fitness and weightlifting 💪. I’m also Travis Scott’s 🎧 biggest fan .
“Work Hard, Play Hard” - either Wiz Khalifa or the Puritans depending on who you ask


if you want something new,you have to stop doing something old
This is a platform which will provide you with regular updates about street lights nearby your houses.
We provide you the facility to repair the street lights in your neighbourhood within seconds of reporting
We all need people who will give us feedback. That’s how we improve and learn.
This would help to continuously look into the timing of switch on and switch off conditions of the light which would help in saving energy.
A sustainable iniative and leading us towards a better India.


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IQ Memo is a new type of memo application.
It stores Memo Data in Cookies.
The good part about this is that it provides a no-login feature, it doesn't need a server which will keep your data safe.


GLOSSARY¶
- AIS
- Automatic Identification System
- An automatic communication and identification system intended to improve the safety of navigation by assisting in the efficient operation of vessel traffic services (VTS), ship reporting, ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore operations. (Source: IMO Performance Standards for AI; CCNR Inland ECDIS Standard Edition 2.0 23/11/2006)


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Functions which allow to read many XMCDA tags and transform them into R variables which are then usable in MCDA algorithms written in R. It also allows to write certain R variables into XML files respecting the XMCDA standard.
| Version: | 1.5.5 |
| Depends: | XML |
| Imports: | kappalab |
| Published: | 2015-12-11 |
| Author: | Patrick Meyer and Sebastien Bigaret, with contributions from Krzysztof Ciomek. |
| Maintainer: | Patrick Meyer <patrick.meyer at telecom-bretagne.eu> |
| License: | CeCILL-2 |
| URL: | https://github.com/paterijk/RXMCDA |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | RXMCDA results |
| Reference manual: | RXMCDA.pdf |
| Package source: | RXMCDA_1.5.5.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: RXMCDA_1.5.5.zip, r-release: RXMCDA_1.5.5.zip, r-oldrel: RXMCDA_1.5.5.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: RXMCDA_1.5.5.tgz, r-oldrel: RXMCDA_1.5.5.tgz |
| Old sources: | RXMCDA archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RXMCDA to link to this page.


Drawing object for narrow lines with solid colours.
| Pen() | Constructors. |
Pen::Pen( Canvas& cvs, const Colour& c)
Pen::Pen( Canvas& cvs, const StyleIndex ic=Text )
Constructors.
The parameters are the Canvas to draw on and optionally the colour of the pen. If no colour is specified, the default foreground Text colour will be used.


BIRDMAN
(The Bird Classifier)
Github
Our Team
Species Name : {{ predicted_bird }}
{{ about_bird }}
Read more...


--- ---
Startups2Students reverses the traditional dynamic of recruitment for fast-paced startups in the Boulder/Denver area. We bring 20 of Boulder/Denver’s best growth-stage companies and 150 of CU Boulder's students to the Idea Forge for a pitch and networking event designed to connect motivated CU students with the startup community. Flipping the traditional career fair on its head, we start with a 1-hour pitch session where each startup will get the chance to pitch their company to students. We then have a networking event where the students can meet the companies they like best. The result is an environment that facilitates relationships between the innovative companies and talent they need to make their vision a reality.
All types of students are welcome to attend and Startups2Students is advertised as an event for all students. That being said, most of our advertising outreach will be to engineering & business students.
It you are a startup, please apply below. We will be in touch with you shortly thereafter with details on how you can be a part of Startups2Students
Startups will have 2 minute to pitch their companies directly to the students. The goal of the pitch is to tell students about your startup and give students the reason why your company is great to work for.
| Time | Event | Activity |
|---|---|---|
| {{event.time}} | {{event.title}} | {{event.description}} |


Protocols
The following protocols are available globally.
-
Container which create private key from name, password, type
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol ECHOKeychain : AnyObject
-
Protocol which contains logic of JSONDecodable, JSONEncodable
Declaration
Swift
public protocol JSONCodable : JSONDecodable, JSONEncodable
-
Decode object form JSON
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol JSONDecodable
-
Encode object to JSON
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol JSONEncodable
-
Protocol which contains logic of BytesDecodable, BytesEncodable
Declaration
Swift
public protocol BytesCodable : BytesDecodable, BytesEncodable
-
Decode object from Data
Declaration
Swift
public protocol BytesDecodable
-
Encode object to Data
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol BytesEncodable
-
Protocol which contains logic of JSONCodable, BytesCodable
Declaration
Swift
public protocol ECHOCodable : BytesCodable, JSONCodable
-
Represents base operation model in ECHO blockchain
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol BaseOperation : ECHOCodable, Decodable
-
Declaration
Swift
public protocol SocketOperation : JSONCodable
-
Represents custom blockchain call with customized methods
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol CustomSocketOperation : SocketOperation
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol AbiArgumentCoder
-
The interface of the class that encompasses all cryptographic functions
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol CryptoCoreComponent : AnyObject
-
A class that configures and passes operations through a socket.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SocketCoreComponent : AnyObject
-
The interface of the class that implements the request and the transmission of messages to the socket.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SocketMessenger : AnyObject
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol NoticeEventDelegate : AnyObject
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol NoticeEventDelegateHandler : AnyObject
-
Undocumented
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol NoticeActionHandler
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
public protocol NoticeEventProxy : NoticeActionHandler, NoticeEventDelegateHandler
-
Encapsulates logic, associated with echo blockchain assets use cases
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol AssetsFacade
-
The interface of the class that is responsible for verifying user authorization and changing its parameters.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol AuthentificationFacade
-
Encapsulates logic, associated with various blockchain smart contract processes
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol ContractsFacade
-
The interface of the class that allows you to send custom operations to network.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol CustomOperationsFacade
-
The interface of the class that allows you to work with sidechain part of blockchain.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol EthFacade
-
The interface of the class that is responsible for the fee cost of the operation
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol FeeFacade
-
The interface of the class that provides information about a user’s account
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol InformationFacade
-
The interface of the class that allows you to receive notification about the change account.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscribeAccountDelegate : AnyObject
-
The interface of the class that allows you to receive notification about the change dynamic global properties.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscribeDynamicGlobalPropertiesDelegate : AnyObject
-
The interface of the class that allows you to receive notification about the create new block with his number
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscribeBlockDelegate : AnyObject
-
The interface of the class that allows you to receive notification about contracts changes
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscribeContractsDelegate : AnyObject
-
The interface of the class that allows you to receive notification about the create new logs from specific contract
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscribeContractLogsDelegate : AnyObject
-
A class interface that allows you to track the change to an account
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol SubscriptionFacade
-
The interface of the class that allows you to send transactions.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public protocol TransactionFacade


|
N3 Library
A C library for building neural network.
|
This file contains types, enums and structs definitions. More...
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Data Structures | |
| struct | _n3l_weight |
| Single Linked List which contains weight's values. More... | |
| struct | _n3l_neuron |
| Double Linked List which contains neuron's values. More... | |
| struct | _n3l_layer |
| Double Linked List which contains layer's values. More... | |
| struct | N3LArgs |
| Network arguments. More... | |
| struct | N3LNetwork |
| Network state. More... | |
Macros | |
| #define | N3L_VERSION "2.1.0" |
| N3 Library version. | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef double(* | N3LAct) (double value) |
| Pointer to an activation function. More... | |
| typedef double(* | N3LWeightGenerator) (void *arg) |
| Pointer to a function to get the network weights. More... | |
| typedef double(* | N3LCSVData) (char *field, uint64_t col_idx) |
| Pointer to a custom data parser function. More... | |
| typedef struct _n3l_weight | N3LWeight |
| Single Linked List which contains weight's values. More... | |
| typedef struct _n3l_neuron | N3LNeuron |
| Double Linked List which contains neuron's values. More... | |
| typedef struct _n3l_layer | N3LLayer |
| Double Linked List which contains layer's values. More... | |
Enumerations | |
| enum | N3LLayerType { N3LInputLayer = 0, N3LHiddenLayer, N3LOutputLayer } |
| Identify the layer type. More... | |
| enum | N3LActType { N3LCustom = -1, N3LNone = 0, N3LSigmoid, N3LTanh, N3LRelu, N3LIdentity, N3LLeakyRelu, N3LSoftPlus, N3LSoftSign, N3LSwish } |
| Activation function type. More... | |
This file contains types, enums and structs definitions.
| typedef double(* N3LAct) (double value) |
Pointer to an activation function.
| value | Input value |
| typedef double(* N3LCSVData) (char *field, uint64_t col_idx) |
Pointer to a custom data parser function.
Used to parse data and convert them to double when import inputs or targets from a CSV file.
| field | The raw data read from CSV. |
| col_idx | Field index from 0 ( included skipped columns ) |
field
relative value| typedef struct _n3l_layer N3LLayer |
Double Linked List which contains layer's values.
The list is built by n3l_network_build() or n3l_file_import_network().
| typedef struct _n3l_neuron N3LNeuron |
Double Linked List which contains neuron's values.
The list is built by n3l_network_build() or n3l_file_import_network().
| typedef struct _n3l_weight N3LWeight |
Single Linked List which contains weight's values.
The list is built by n3l_network_build() or n3l_file_import_network().
| typedef double(* N3LWeightGenerator) (void *arg) |
Pointer to a function to get the network weights.
Used to get weights when a network is imported or built.
| arg | A custom argument to help in evaluating weight's value |
| enum N3LActType |
Activation function type.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| N3LCustom | Custom activation function. |
| N3LNone | No activation function.
|
| N3LSigmoid | Sigmoid activation function.
|
| N3LTanh | Tanh activation function.
|
| N3LRelu | ReLU activation function.
|
| N3LIdentity | Identity activation function.
|
| N3LLeakyRelu | Leaky ReLU activation function.
|
| N3LSoftPlus | SoftPlus activation function.
|
| N3LSoftSign | SoftSign activation function.
|
| N3LSwish | Swish activation function.
|
| enum N3LLayerType |
Identify the layer type.


--- layout: misc title: About ---
Words are important. That's why people quote their favourite films, poems, or song lyrics. Why storytelling has been at the heart of our communities since the first days of connecting things in our head with streams of language. Why so many of these stories survive today, from Greek epics to the Icelandic sagas. Why businesses employ content writers; politicians speechwriters; celebrities biographers; artists amanuenses. Why people can be hurt, empowered, dejected, or inspired by them: because words carry weight, because they matter. And to me, as someone who has wanted to be a writer since he was a little boy, they have always mattered a lot.
Across these pages you will find a selection of my work across a variety of mediums. Some have come from darker times, some from places of great hope, but they have all come from a place of curiosity: about myself, about other people, about this bizarre world of ours, and of course about this confounding puzzle we call life. I hope there is something to be found here for everyone.
There are exciting times ahead and I would love for you to join me on my journey to become a better writer, a more astute chronicler, a more trusted voice in telling as many stories as I possibly can.