Graduate Student in USC
Network Protocols: What has happended when you type "http://www.linkedin.com"
Mar 29, 2018 / Written by Chengyu
Thanks to the powerful search engines, like Google, Bing and Baidu, cyber-citizens find it is quiet convenient to search needed information by simply typing some keywords in the search bar. However, do you know what has happened when you type a famous link, such as “https://www.linkedin.com”? This article explores the “magic” behind the web browser and afterward, you are about to have a better understanding on how to get corresponding context when you type a URL.
OSI Model and TCP/IP Protocol Layers
The Open System Interconnection model (OSI) is a conceptional model which specifies the details about telecommunication without using any internal structure and technology. In this article, we will explain the process of internet communication through OSI Model Layers. To simplify, the TCP/IP protocol Layers is easier to understand. Instead of 7 different layers, TCP/IP combine the Application Layer, Performance Layer and Session Layer as Application Layer (As shown in the Figure.1) so that there is only 5 layers in TCP/IP Protocol Layers.
Figure.1 Telecommunication Layers
Processes:
This article separates the process by TCP/IP Protocol Layers.
First Step: Application Layer:
When you type the “https://www.linkedin.com” in an browser, we start from the Application layer. It is obvious the protocol used in the application layer is https, However. we couldn’t send the request to remote server, because we have not established the connection to the LinkedIn server at this moment.
Second Step: move down to Transport Layer:
In order to establish connection, we move top-down and go to the Transport Layer. Since the https is only for declaring protocol used in Application Layer, it is safe to remove it in the lower layer. Currently, we tend to make a TCP connection with LinkedIn Server(s). Nevertheless, the host-to-host connection requires IP address of both side, it is okay for us to know one peer IP, namely us, but the LinkedIn Server(s) addresses are unknown, right?
Third Step: move down to Network Layer:
Thus, DNS (domain name system) helps us find the IP address from the domain name. You can treat it as a database whose entities are key-value pairs, which key is the domain name(url) and value is its IP address(es). This kind of pair is different from HashMap, in which you can merely get value from key but not key from value. If you have terminal in your computer, or some Linux-like command line interface, like PuTTy, you could type “nslookup www.linkedin.com” to perform the DNS service.
Even though it seems that internet needs to waste some time for searching the IP address and someone may argue that why don’t use the IP address straightforwardly, DNS is a user-friendly design in which all the domain name are some meaningful strings, like LinkedIn or Google. DNS resolve the problem that IP address is usually random numbers and it is less difficult for users to remember domain name than IP address.
Owning to some smart browsers, they help us to get the IP address from cache before sending requests to DNS servers:
It is acknowledge that more information stored in cache, the more dangerous your information is. However, using cache is quiet prevent in most company since it is able to improve data transfer time.
Figure.2: Domain Hierarchy
Unfortunately, your browser cannot find the IP address from any cache, so, it decides to send the DNS query to DNS servers. DNS domain name space is a tree structure which illustrates in the figure.2. This tree structure increase DNS lookup efficiency and it works following this step (Figure.3)
Figure.3: DNS Request Process
Forth Step: move up to Transport Layer:
Now, we have the IP addresses for both peers so that we could establish connection between them! TCP/IP three-handshake is the key process for TCP connection establishment, which is a three step process where client send messages with TCP header (only SYN/ACK are utilized in this step).
Fifth Step: move up to Application Layer:
Based on the TCP connection, you can transfer data with The LinkedIn Server now! The GET request request is utilized for HTTP/S protocol, you can see the detail in this.
Congrats, I believe you have a better understanding about the mechanism behind browser when you type “https://www.linkedin.com”!
Add on:
What we have discussed in the above is based on an assumption: you want to connect to the LinkedIn Server and transfer data with it via internet. However, if your IP address is in the same local network as LinkedIn, you don’t need to do the above things. Instead, you will use Data Linked Layer, in which ARP helps you get the MAC address of LinkedIn Server(s) and you can communicate with it straightly via MAC address.


The Bachelor (1999) Rating: 1.0 stars out of 5.0 stars
Cast: Chris O'Donnell, Renee Zellweger, Hal Holbrook, James Cromwell, Artie Lange, Edward Asner, Sarah Silverman, Jennifer Esposito, Peter Ustinov, Mariah Carey, Brooke Shields Written by: Steve Cohen Directed by: Gary Sinyor Running Time: 101 minutes
One of the contributors to the destruction of the Batman film franchise Chris O'Donnell stars in this remake of Buster Keaton's 1925 silent film Seven Chances. Now I've never seen Seven Chances, as I'm more of a Chaplin fan than a Keaton fan, but I seriously doubt that the classic version could be as insipid as this.
O'Donnell plays Jimmie Shannon, the manager of a pool table manufacturing company. He also fears commitment, and despite dating Anne (Renee Zellweger) for over three years, he's unwilling to marry her. His reasons? Well he's a guy you see, and well, guys are like stallions, and they apparently don't like to be roped or something (hey, that's the movie's explanation... I'd marry Renee Zellweger in a second).
Eventually it comes time for Jimmie to propose, and when he does, it's the most absurd proposal ever uttered by a man EVER. He essentially says to her, "You win" and hands her a ring. The audience should now hate this character. I did.
Then the meat of the plot presents itself. Jimmie's grandfather (Peter Ustinov, completely wasted) dies and leaves Jimmie his entire estate of 100 million dollars as well as ownership of the pool table business. However, in order to get the money and save the jobs of the factory workers, Jimmie must be married before his next birthday (which is just over 24 hours away). Having blown his chances with Anne, Jimmie proceeds to track down all his prior girlfriends and suggest a "business proposition".
The movie wasn't half bad by this time, surprisingly. It wasn't boring me, and even managed to read my thoughts at one point. Ustinov's character left a video will, and while he's reading the ridiculous clause in it, I thought to myself "What is this, Brewster's Millions?". As soon as I thought it, Hal Holbrook's character actually says "What is this, Brewster's Millions?" It was quite surreal.
Something happens though during the film's final act that caused me to sharply drop the rating it was going to receive. Up to that point, all of Jimmie's prior girlfriends had turned down his "business proposition" which I felt was good. At least the film wasn't painting women to be cold hearted gold diggers. When Jimmie has no other options, his goofy friend (played by Artie Lange, making a career out of playing the goofy friend) places an ad in the newspaper that somehow becomes a front page story. At this point, 100,000 women don wedding gowns and head off to persuade Jimmie to pick them to be his bride.
These women arrive at Jimmie's location and IMMEDIATELY start bullying him about what he's looking for in a woman. When he's had enough of their unjustified attacks, he tells the angry mob that there's been a mistake and he won't be marrying any of them. As a result, the women proceed to chase him around the city, in hopes of catching him and tearing his limbs off. This goes on FOR THE REST OF THE FILM.  My groans of disgust could be heard for miles. The film finally ended (thankfully), but to this day I'm still groaning.
The Bachelor is available on DVD from New Line Home Video. It contains the film in both full frame and in its original theatrical aspect ratio of 1.85:1, cast and crew info, and special DVD-ROM features. The original theatrical trailer is also on the disc, which contains scenes not in the film. Apparently there was even more footage of the gang of brides chasing O'Donnell around the city, and at one point O'Donnell is leaping from the tops of buses. So that was bad enough to be cut, but the other 30 minutes of bride shenanigans was good? Ugh.
Reviewed by Chuck Dowling -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AOL Instant Messenger: FilmJax The Jacksonville Film Journal - http://www.jaxfilmjournal.com/
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We don't paint the house, we build it.
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Our Mission:
The future of the small enterprise is in data of the organisation and of their competitors. Today, to gain a competitive advantage we will need to harness this data. If we are not doing it, our competitors are. It is survival of the Bittest.
At Datum, we aim to guide small organisations that do not have access to the required technical expertise through the process of analysing, selecting and implementing the most appropriate systems to enable them to win the data war.
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Once our partnership has been established, we will work together through the entire process. Our aim is to make the journey smooth with constant feedback loops to ensure a final product that will give your organisation a significant competitive advantage.
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Machine learning, artificial intelligence to find patterns in the data. Viable products will then be built on these patterns.
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Paperless office:
Scan and catalogue all your paper documents allowing more users that need access to these documents to work from home.
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Analyse your current manual workflows and find repeatable patterns. A system is then programmed allowing the automation of these manual processes.
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Our expertise is spread over numerous different technologies, but we always use best of breed open source applications which are ideally suited to the small enterprise.
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Contact Us:


Package that holds the implementations that are responsible for calculating the usage of the current JVM process by querying the {@link org.greencheek.processio.domain.ProcessIO} object.


We can develop apps from scratch or replicate designs of your existing web or iPhone apps.
We provide advice for your team on app architecture, design patterns, and libraries to optimize performance.
Have an existing app with bugs? We can re-implement broken features and find the source of crashes.
We can optimize your existing app to improve speed and add new features.
We can translate your ideas into developer-ready design documents.
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Whether your investors needed an MPV yesterday or you're fine tuning your production app for growth, we'll be there every step of the way.
We've been working with Android (almost) since the day it was released. Whatever technical challenges you've got, we've probably solved them in a previous app.
We're always experimenting with new libraries and coding practices, and we use the latest and best-supported libraries available. This means your app will perform with the best.
With seven years of experience building apps in New York, Brian's built apps for many of New York's most successful startups, including TimeHop, SquareSpace, Angie's List, Amplify, and Harvest. Recently, Brian's mastery of material design principles helped his team at the NY Times win a Material Design Award at Google I/O 2015. Brian earned a BS in Computer Science from Georgia Tech.
With development experience in insurance, finance, media, and warehouse logistics, Mike's seen it all. He's most proud of his work on the NY Times Android team, where his team's rewrite of the news app cut startup time by two-thirds and earned the team a Webby nomination for Best Practices (Mobile & Web Apps). Mike studied Information Science and Technology at Penn State.
Featured in Android Weekly, TinyDancer is our open source library that offers a real-time, color-coded indicator of app scrolling speed in frames per second.
This blog post outlines best practices and helpful libraries for reactive data flows in Android and was featured in Android Weekly.
Presented at the NYC Java monthly meetup, this talk covers functional reactive programming using RxJava, a popular library for optimizine asynchronous operations.
The basics of dependency injection using Dagger, a popular library, was the focus of this presentation, given at the NYC Google Developer Group.


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emnlp emnlp2013 emnlp2013-91 emnlp2013-91-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Anais Cadilhac ; Nicholas Asher ; Farah Benamara ; Alex Lascarides
Abstract: This paper describes a method that predicts which trades players execute during a winlose game. Our method uses data collected from chat negotiations of the game The Settlers of Catan and exploits the conversation to construct dynamically a partial model of each player’s preferences. This in turn yields equilibrium trading moves via principles from game theory. We compare our method against four baselines and show that tracking how preferences evolve through the dialogue and reasoning about equilibrium moves are both crucial to success.


MR. NICE GUY A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Capsule: As usual there is more stunt than story to Chan's latest adventure. That approach plays to Jackie Chan's strength: having the greatest attention lavished on the stunts while the plot is more an afterthought. The characters are thin, the story is stale and familiar, but the audience is entertained. However, once again Chan injured himself in the making of the film and he uses machinery rather than his own skill in the final battle. Rating: 6 (0 to 10), +1 (-4 to +4)
It is difficult to evaluate a Jackie Chan film like one evaluates other films. Was the plot any good? Well no, it was pretty lame actually. Was the acting any good? Well, no, that was not so hot either. Chan has a lot of personality--more so than just about any of the martial artists who regularly star in films--but that is not the same thing as acting. Acting has to do with giving the viewer insights deep into a type of personality or it can be just playing a certain type of person very authentically. However, there is nothing very deep about the personalities Chan plays. And since I doubt there is anyone really like a Chan character, the whole question of whether he is doing a good job of acting is moot. Does a Chan film have good cinematography? Well, it probably is no easy task to keep in the frame of the camera a moving target like Chan. And there is some okay location scenery of (in this case) Melbourne, Australia. But it hardly is what anyone would consider good camerawork. All of what one thinks of as the usual virtues of a movie do not apply to a Jackie Chan film besides the general fact that it is entertaining.
The virtues of a Jackie Chan film are not those of a film, they are the virtues of a circus performance. Are there fabulous stunts in the film? Is it impressive that a human being can do what his character does? Are the movements smooth and graceful and well staged? There are the virtues one expects of more from Ringling Brothers than from Warner Brothers. I am sure when a new Chan film is being considered choosing the stunts is the first order of business. Then a minimal story is written to tie the stunts together.
In this outing Chan plays a chef on Melbourne television. The irony of having a martial artist in such a delicate profession as cooking is already familiar from the UNDER SIEGE films. In any case Jackie seem equally adept at delivering a well-done karate chop and a well-done lamb chop. After a cooking show broadcast one day Jackie is returning to his car when he sees a damsel in distress being chased by thugs. He jumps in and saves the woman and quicker than a three-minute egg he finds himself in the middle of a three- way war between two rival gangs and the police. There is a plot with a missing incriminating videotape and some unexplained detective work by the baddies who have an uncanny ability to find Chan and the people under his protection wherever they hide. After several confrontations Chan gets angry enough and brings his enemies to a crushing defeat.
The story is pretty basic stuff, but does anyone REALLY care about the plot? Chan fans probably want to know what kinds of action scenes there are and what kinds of props does Chan use. The centerpiece is probably a sequence with a horse carriage. There are some sequences with power tools including that old standard of villainous menace, the buzz saw. And at one point Jackie takes on a giant earth-moving machine. There is a comic bit in a building under construction that has only walls and doors.
Some people were disappointed with the conclusion of Chan's RUMBLE IN THE BRONX. Instead of having a climactic martial arts battle, Chan let a hovercraft do the fighting for him. That history repeats itself for MR. NICE GUY. Reportedly Chan suffered a neck injury in the shooting. Again the audience does not get the final fight between Chan and villain and a convenient vehicle does the real fighting for Chan. Perhaps Jackie Chan is nearing the end of his run and is discovering he can no longer take the risks he has in the past. Time is catching up with him.
A film like this deserves multiple ratings. The stunts are enjoyable to watch and little else really matters to someone who would come to see a Jackie Chan film. The film is pretty much interchangeable with any other Jackie Chan film. For those who like this sort of thing, go for it. I give MR. NICE GUY a 6 on the 0 to 10 scale and a +1 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 1998 Mark R. Leeper
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Indonesia police officers arrested after UK man kidnapped
Four police officers have been arrested after a British man was kidnapped and ransomed for $900,000 (£697,000) in the Indonesian capital Jakarta.
The officers stopped the man at a road block last week on the pretext of an arrest, investigators allege.
But after being taken to a police station, he was moved to a hotel, where payment was demanded for his release.
The man, whom the BBC is not naming, is believed to have been freed after the ransom was paid.
The British Embassy confirmed they were aware of the incident but they told news agency AFP the investigation was being handled by local police.
According to local media, the man was reported missing by his wife on 31 October.
He had been stopped on one of the city's highways and taken to the police station before ending up in the hotel in east Jakarta, where his alleged captors interrogated him all day.
It ended with them demanding he call his boss to ask for the ransom, to be paid in US dollars
But police swooped on the suspects as they attempted to convert the money into local currency.
Jakarta Police spokesman Argo Yuwono told CNN Philippines the kidnap attempt had involved "unscrupulous" members of the police force.
Two civilians are also under arrest for their alleged roles in the man's abduction.


#1. #b. import calendar cal = calendar.TextCalendar() # Create an instance cal.setfirstweekday(calendar.THURSDAY) cal.pryear(2012) #c. import calendar def mb(a, b): cal = calendar.TextCalendar() cal = calendar.month(a, b) print(cal) f = mb(2000, 3) print(f) #d. import calendar d = calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(6, "CHINESE") d.pryear(2012) #2.a #44 #2.b #1)Return the ceiling of x, the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. If x is not a float, delegates to x.__ceil__(), which should return an Integral value. #2)Return the floor of x, the largest integer less than or equal to x. If x is not a float, delegates to x.__floor__(), which should return an Integral value. #2.c #2.d #pi / e #3. #Return a deep copy of x #4. #mymodule1.py #myage = 16 #year = 2016 #mymodule2.py #myage = 0 #year = 2000 import mymodule1.py import mymodule2.py print( (mymodule2.myage - mymodule1.myage) == (mymodule2.year - mymodule1.year) ) #5. #mymodule1.py myage = 16 year = 2016 print("My name is", _name_) if __name__ == "__main__": print("This won't run if I'm imported.") #mymodule2.py myage = 0 year = 2000 print("My name is", _name_) import mymodule1.py import mymodule2.py print( (mymodule2.myage - mymodule1.myage) == (mymodule2.year - mymodule1.year) ) print("My name is", _name_) #6. >>>import this The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. Flat is better than nested. Sparse is better than dense. Readability counts. Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules. Although practicality beats purity. Errors should never pass silently. Unless explicitly silenced. In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess. There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it. Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch. Now is better than never. Although never is often better than *right* now. If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea. If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea. Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those! #7. def myreplace(old, new, s): print(new.join(s.split(old))) f = myreplace(" ", "**", "Words will now be separated by stars.") print(f) #8. #wordtools.py #1) import string def cleanword(f): ff = "" for i in f: if i not in string.punctuation: ff += i return "ff f = cleanword("what?") print(f) #2) def has_dashdash(f): if "--" in f: return True else: return False f = has_dashdash("-yo-yo-") print(f) #3) import string def extract_words(f): f = f.split(" ") d = [] for i in f: ff = " " for h in i: if h not in string.punctuation: ff += h d.append(ff) return d f = extract_words("she tried to curtsey as she spoke--fancy") print(f) #4) def wordcount(a,c): f = 0 for i in c: if a == i: f += 1 return f f = wordcount("frog", ["now","is","time","is","now","is","is"]) print(f) #5) def wordset(f): ff = [] for i in f: if i not in ff: ff.append(i) ff.sort() return ff f = wordset(["now", "is", "time", "is", "now", "is", "is"]) print(f) #6) def longestword(f): al = 0 for i in f: if len(i) > al: al = len(i) return al f = longestword([ ]) print(f)


NDPluginTimeSeries¶
| author: | Mark Rivers, University of Chicago |
|---|
Overview¶
This plugin accepts 1-D arrays of dimension [NumSignals] or 2-D arrays of dimension [NumSignals, NewTimePoints]. The plugin creates NumSignals NDArrays of dimension [NumTimePoints], each of which is the time-series for one signal. It also creates an NDArray of dimension [NumTimePoints, NumSignals] containing the data for all of the signals. It also exports waveform records containing the time-series data for each signal, and a time-axis array containing the relative times of each point in the time-series. These waveform records are useful for plotting in OPI screens.
On each callback the new time points are appended to the existing time series arrays. The plugin can operate either two modes. In fixed time mode the time-series arrays are cleared when acquisition is started, and new time points are appended until NumTimePoints points have been received, at which point acquisition stops and further callbacks are ignored. In circular buffer mode once NumTimePoints samples are received then acquisition continues with the new time points replacing the oldest ones in the circular buffer.
The plugin requires knowing the time interval between samples from the driver (TimePerPoint). This information normally comes from a database link to a record in the detector driver, but it can be manually specified as well. The plugin exports a 1-D waveform record containing the relative time values of each sample, which can be used for the horizontal axis in an OPI display.
The plugin optionally does time averaging of the input signal. It can average any integer number of input samples(NumAverage), so that the time between points in the output waveforms is NumAverage*TimePerPoint = AveragingTime.
NDPluginTimeSeries inherits from NDPluginDriver. The NDPluginTimeSeries class documentation describes this class in detail.
Several database template files are provided:
| Template File Name | Description |
|---|---|
NDTimeSeries.template |
This needs to be instantiated once for each instance of the plugin. It provides records that apply to the entire plugin or to all signals. |
NDTimeSeriesN.template |
This needs to be instantiated once for each signal in the plugin (the number must equal the number of signals specified in the IOC shell function). The template provides records that apply to each signal. |
NDPluginTimeSeries inherits from NDPluginDriver.
NDPluginTimeSeries defines the following parameters. It also implements all of the standard plugin parameters from NDPluginDriver. The template files listed above provide access to these parameters, listed in the following tables.
|
Parameters for entire plugin.
Parameter Definitions in NDPluginTimeSeries.h and EPICS Record Definitions in NDTimeSeries.template |
||||||
| Parameter index variable | asyn interface | Access | Description | drvInfo string | EPICS record name | EPICS record type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSAcquire | asynInt32 | r/w |
Starts and stops time-series data collection. Value are:
0: "Done": Stops times-series data collection. Performs callbacks on all time-series waveform records. The record automatically goes to Done when acquisition completes in Fixed Length acquire mode. 1: "Acquire": Clears all time-series arrays, sets TS_CURRENT_POINT=0, and starts time-series data collection. |
TS_ACQUIRE |
$(P)$(R)TSAcquire $(P)$(R)TSAcquiring |
busy bi |
| TSRead | asynInt32 | r/w | Forces the plugin to do callbacks with the time series NDArrays and waveform records. This record SCAN field can be set to periodically update the waveforms. The callbacks are automatically done when TSAcquire goes to done at the end of acquisition in Fixed Length mode. | TS_READ | $(P)$(R)TSRead | bo |
| TSNumPoints | asynInt32 | r/w | Controls the number of time-series points to collect. There is no maximum value, the time-series arrays in the plugin are freed and reallocated each time this value is changed. However, the size of the waveform records is fixed when the IOC is started, so NELM in those records must be large enough for the largest time-series needed. | TS_NUM_POINTS | $(P)$(R)TSNumPoints | longout |
| TSCurrentPoint | asynInt32 | r/o | The current time-series point. In Fixed Length mode when TSCurrentPoint reaches TSNumPoints then time-series acquisition is automatically stopped, and callbacks are done on all time-series NDArrays and waveform records, updating the values. This means that even if TSRead.SCAN is Passive that the NDArrays and waveform records will update when time-series acquisition is complete. | TS_CURRENT_POINT | $(P)$(R)TSCurrentPoint | longin |
| TSAcquireMode | asynInt32 | r/w |
The time series acquisition mode. Choices are: 0: "Fixed length" 1: "Circ. buffer" |
TS_ACQUIRE_MODE |
$(P)$(R)TSAcquireMode $(P)$(R)TSAcquireMode_RBV |
mbbo
mbbi |
| TSTimePerPoint | asynFloat64 | r/w | The time interval between samples in the waveforms from the driver. This value is normally updated automatically using the TSTimePerPointLink record described below. It can also be manually changed if there is no EPICS record available to provide this value automatically. This value is used to compute NumAverage, and to construct the TSTimeAxis array. | TS_TIME_PER_POINT |
$(P)$(R)TSTimePerPoint $(P)$(R)TSTimePerPoint_RBV |
ao ai |
| N.A | N.A. | r/w | This record has OMSL="closed_loop" and DOL set to a record that contains the time between points from the driver. The link will normally have the CP attribute, so this record processes whenever the input record changes. The OUT field of this record is TSTimePerPoint. | N.A. | $(P)$(R)TSTimePerPointLink | ao |
| TSAveragingTime | asynFloat64 | r/w | The requested value of the time interval over which input time-series points are averaged. If the TSAveragingTime is not an integer multiple of TSTimePerPoint then TSAveragingTime_RBV will be different from TSAveragingTime and will be the actual averaging time. | TS_AVERAGING_TIME |
$(P)$(R)TSAveragingTime $(P)$(R)TSAveragingTime_RBV |
ao ai |
| TSNumAverage | asynInt32 | r/o | The number of time points from the driver that will be averaged in the plugin. This is computed from TSAveragingTime/TSTimePerPoint. It is constrained to be the nearest positive integer to this ratio. | TS_NUM_AVERAGE | $(P)$(R)TSNumAverage | longin |
| TSElapsedTime | asynFloat64 | r/w | The elapsed time since TSAcquire was set to 1. Stops updating when TSAcquire goes to 0. | TS_ELAPSED_TIME | $(P)$(R)TSElapsedTime | ai |
| TSTimeAxis | asynFloat64ArrayIn | r/o |
A waveform record containing the time value of each point in the TimeSeries waveforms. When AcquireMode="Fixed length" then time=0 is the time when acquisition started and TSTimeAxis[i] = TSAveragingTime_RBV * i.
When AcquireMode="Circ. buffer" then time=0 is the most recent time and TSTimeAxis[i] = -TSAveragingTime_RBV * (NumTimePoints-1-i) so the oldest time point is the most negative. |
TS_TIME_AXIS | $(P)$(R)TSTimeAxis | waveform |
| TSTimeStamp | asynFloat64ArrayIn | r/o | A waveform record containing the NDArray timestamp for each sample from the input NDArray. Note that since multiple time points can be contained in a single NDArray there can be repeated values in this waveform. Assuming the driver provides a reliable value for TSTimePerPoint described above, then the TSTimeAxis waveform provides a more accurate relative time array to use in plotting. The values in this waveform are absolute timestamps which can also be useful. | TS_TIMESTAMP | $(P)$(R)TSTimestamp | waveform |
|
Parameters for each signal N.
Parameter Definitions in NDPluginTimeSeries.h and EPICS Record Definitions in NDTimeSeriesN.template |
||||||
| Parameter index variable | asyn interface | Access | Description | drvInfo string | EPICS record name | EPICS record type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSSignalName | N.A. | r/w | The name for this signal. | N.A. | $(P)$(R)SignalName | stringout |
| TSTimeSeries | asynFloat64ArrayIn | r/o | The time series data arrays. | TS_TIME_SERIES | $(P)$(R)TimeSeries | waveform |
Configuration¶
The NDPluginTimeSeries plugin is created with the NDTimeSeriesConfigure
function, either from C/C++ or from the EPICS IOC shell.
NDTimeSeriesConfigure(const char *portName, int queueSize, int blockingCallbacks,
const char *NDArrayPort, int NDArrayAddr, int maxSignals,
int maxBuffers, size_t maxMemory, int priority, int stackSize)
All but the maxSignals
parameter are common to all plugins.
maxSignals defines how many signals this plugin will deal with. Usually this will match the number of NDTimeSeriesN templates have been loaded.
For example:
NDTimeSeriesConfigure("TS1", 100, 0, "DET1", 0, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Screen shots¶
The following MEDM screen provides access to the parameters in NDPluginDriver.h and NDPluginTimeSeries.h through records in NDPluginBase.template, and NDTimeSeries.template.
The following MEDM screen shows the time series plot for an array in NDPluginTimeSeriesN.template.


--- layout: post title: Most used Tigrinya Alphabets description: tigrinya, tigrinya language, eritrean language, tigray language, tigrigna, tigrigna words, Tigray ---
The multi-language Tigrinya Dictionary App has almost about 120778 Tigrinya words and 62462 unique Tigrinya words. We have done some research to see if there is any previous finding about which tigrinya alphabet is most used, the frequency of Tigrinya alphabets in Tigrinya words, the frequency of alphabets at the beginning of words. We couldn't find any research that has been done so far to get this data and we decided to run this research from our database.
We did analyses of the alphabets occurring in the words listed in the main entries of our Multi-Language Tigrinya Dictionary and we came up with the following table: This study has limitations as the data are purely taken from our database entries.
The analysis was done on the unique words of 62642 and the results look like below. The most used single tigrinya alphabets are:
We also did analysis to find out which alphabet is mostly used from the 32 set of Tigrinya alphabets and we came up with the following table. Even Though the most used single alphabet is ር but when we check the most used tigrinya alphabet it became ተ with an average of 4195. This value was calculated by taking the average of the 7 vowels of each alphabet.


On the following pages, you will be shown a series of sentences, which you will re-type on your keyboard.
Each of these sentences will be one line, and after you are done typing, you will submit your response by hitting the "enter" or "return" key on your keyboard.
You cannot edit what you have typed by using arrow keys or by selecting portions of the text with your mouse, as you can with normal text input, but you can use the "backspace" key ("delete" on an Apple keyboard) to go back.
We are interested in typing speed and accuracy, so please type as quickly and accurately as you can.


anki_vector.objects¶
Object and Light Cube recognition.
Vector can recognize and track a number of different types of objects.
These objects may be visible (currently observed by the robot’s camera) and tappable (in the case of the Light Cube that ships with the robot).
The Light Cube is known as a LightCube
by the SDK. The cube
has controllable lights, and sensors that can determine when it’s being
moved or tapped.
Objects can generate events which can be subscribed to from the anki_vector.events class, such as object_appeared (of type EvtObjectAppeared), and object_disappeared (of type EvtObjectDisappeared), which are broadcast based on both robot originating events and local state.
All observable objects have a marker of a known size attached to them, which allows Vector to recognize the object and its position and rotation(“pose”).
Vector connects to his Light Cubes with BLE.
Classes
EvtObjectAppeared (obj, image_rect, pose) |
Triggered whenever an object is first visually identified by a robot. |
EvtObjectDisappeared (obj) |
Triggered whenever an object that was previously being observed is no longer visible. |
EvtObjectFinishedMove (obj, move_duration) |
Triggered when an active object stops moving. |
EvtObjectObserved (obj, image_rect, pose) |
Triggered whenever an object is visually identified by the robot. |
LightCube (robot, **kw) |
Represents Vector’s Cube. |
ObservableObject (robot, **kw) |
Represents any object Vector can see in the world. |
-
anki_vector.objects.
LIGHT_CUBE_1_TYPE
= 2¶ LIGHT_CUBE_1_TYPE’s markers look like 2 concentric circles with lines and gaps.
-
anki_vector.objects.
OBJECT_VISIBILITY_TIMEOUT
= 0.4¶ Length of time in seconds to go without receiving an observed event before assuming that Vector can no longer see an object.
-
class
anki_vector.objects.
EvtObjectObserved
(obj, image_rect, pose)¶ Triggered whenever an object is visually identified by the robot.
A stream of these events are produced while an object is visible to the robot. Each event has an updated image_box field.
See EvtObjectAppeared if you only want to know when an object first becomes visible.
Parameters: - obj – The object that was observed
- image_rect (
ImageRect
) – Ananki_vector.util.ImageRect
: defining where the object is within Vector’s camera view - pose (
Pose
) – Theanki_vector.util.Pose
: defining the position and rotation of the object
-
class
anki_vector.objects.
EvtObjectAppeared
(obj, image_rect, pose)¶ Triggered whenever an object is first visually identified by a robot.
This differs from EvtObjectObserved in that it’s only triggered when an object initially becomes visible. If it disappears for more than OBJECT_VISIBILITY_TIMEOUT seconds and then is seen again, a EvtObjectDisappeared will be dispatched, followed by another EvtObjectAppeared event.
For continuous tracking information about a visible object, see EvtObjectObserved.
Parameters: - obj – The object that is starting to be observed
- image_rect (
ImageRect
) – Ananki_vector.util.ImageRect
: defining where the object is within Vector’s camera view - pose (
Pose
) – Theanki_vector.util.Pose
: defining the position and rotation of the object
-
class
anki_vector.objects.
EvtObjectDisappeared
(obj)¶ Triggered whenever an object that was previously being observed is no longer visible.
Parameters: obj – The object that is no longer being observed
-
class
anki_vector.objects.
EvtObjectFinishedMove
(obj, move_duration)¶ Triggered when an active object stops moving.
Parameters: - obj – The object that moved
- move_duration (
float
) – The duration of the move
-
class
anki_vector.objects.
LightCube
(robot, **kw)¶ Represents Vector’s Cube.
-
descriptive_name
¶ A descriptive name for this ObservableObject instance.
Note: Sub-classes should override this to add any other relevant info for that object type.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: descriptive_name = robot.world.connected_light_cube.descriptive_name
Return type: str
-
factory_id
¶ The unique hardware id of the physical cube.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: factory_id = robot.world.connected_light_cube.factory_id
Return type: str
-
is_connected
¶ True if the cube is currently connected to the robot.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: is_connected = robot.world.connected_light_cube.is_connected
Return type: bool
-
is_moving
¶ True if the cube’s accelerometer indicates that the cube is moving.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: is_moving = robot.world.connected_light_cube.is_moving
Return type: bool
-
last_moved_robot_timestamp
¶ The time the object was last moved in robot time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_moved_robot_timestamp = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_moved_robot_timestamp
Return type: float
-
last_moved_start_robot_timestamp
¶ The time the object more recently started moving in robot time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_moved_start_robot_timestamp = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_moved_start_robot_timestamp
Return type: float
-
last_moved_start_time
¶ The time the object most recently started moving in SDK time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_moved_start_time = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_moved_start_time
Return type: float
-
last_moved_time
¶ The time the object was last moved in SDK time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_moved_time = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_moved_time
Return type: float
-
last_tapped_robot_timestamp
¶ The time the object was last tapped in robot time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_tapped_robot_timestamp = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_tapped_robot_timestamp
Return type: float
-
last_tapped_time
¶ The time the object was last tapped in SDK time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_tapped_time = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_tapped_time
Return type: float
-
last_up_axis_changed_robot_timestamp
¶ Time the object’s orientation last changed in robot time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_up_axis_changed_robot_timestamp = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_up_axis_changed_robot_timestamp
Return type: float
-
last_up_axis_changed_time
¶ The time the object’s orientation last changed in SDK time.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: last_up_axis_changed_time = robot.world.connected_light_cube.last_up_axis_changed_time
Return type: float
-
object_id
¶ The internal ID assigned to the object.
This value can only be assigned once as it is static on the robot.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: object_id = robot.world.connected_light_cube.object_id
Return type: int
-
set_light_corners
(light1, light2, light3, light4, color_profile=<anki_vector.lights.ColorProfile object>)¶ Set the light for each corner.
import anki_vector import time with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: # ensure we are connected to a cube robot.world.connect_cube() if robot.world.connected_light_cube: cube = robot.world.connected_light_cube cube.set_light_corners(anki_vector.lights.blue_light, anki_vector.lights.green_light, anki_vector.lights.red_light, anki_vector.lights.white_light) time.sleep(3)
Parameters: - light1 (
Light
) – The settings for the first light. - light2 (
Light
) – The settings for the second light. - light3 (
Light
) – The settings for the third light. - light4 (
Light
) – The settings for the fourth light. - color_profile (
ColorProfile
) – The profile to be used for the cube lights
- light1 (
-
set_lights
(light, color_profile=<anki_vector.lights.ColorProfile object>)¶ Set all lights on the cube
import anki_vector import time with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: # ensure we are connected to a cube robot.world.connect_cube() if robot.world.connected_light_cube: cube = robot.world.connected_light_cube # Set cube lights to yellow cube.set_lights(anki_vector.lights.yellow_light) time.sleep(3)
Parameters: - light (
Light
) – The settings for the lights - color_profile (
ColorProfile
) – The profile to be used for the cube lights
- light (
-
set_lights_off
(color_profile=<anki_vector.lights.ColorProfile object>)¶ Set all lights off on the cube
import anki_vector import time with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: # ensure we are connected to a cube robot.world.connect_cube() if robot.world.connected_light_cube: cube = robot.world.connected_light_cube # Set cube lights to yellow cube.set_lights(anki_vector.lights.yellow_light) time.sleep(3) # Turn off cube lights cube.set_lights_off()
Parameters: color_profile ( ColorProfile
) – The profile to be used for the cube lights
-
teardown
()¶ All faces will be torn down by the world when no longer needed.
-
top_face_orientation_rad
¶ Angular distance from the current reported up axis.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: top_face_orientation_rad = robot.world.connected_light_cube.top_face_orientation_rad
Return type: float
-
up_axis
¶ The object’s up_axis value from the last time it changed.
import anki_vector with anki_vector.Robot() as robot: up_axis = robot.world.connected_light_cube.up_axis
Return type: <google.protobuf.internal.enum_type_wrapper.EnumTypeWrapper object at 0x104d7d320>
-
visibility_timeout
= 0.4¶ Length of time in seconds to go without receiving an observed event before assuming that Vector can no longer see an object. Can be overridden in subclasses.
-


| < Day Day Up > |
Hack 36 Create Portable POSIX Archives
Create portable tar archives with pax. Some POSIX operating systems ship with GNU tar as the default tar utility (NetBSD and QNX6, for example). This is problematic because the GNU tar format is not compatible with other vendors' tar implementations. GNU is an acronym for "GNU's not UNIX"—in this case, GNU's not POSIX either. 4.3.1 GNU Versus POSIX tarFor filenames or paths longer than 100 characters, GNU uses its own @LongName tar format extension. Some vendors' tar utilities will choke on the GNU extensions. Here is what Solaris's archivers say about such an archive: % pax -r < gnu-archive.tar pax: ././@LongLink : Unknown filetype % tar xf gnu-archive.tar tar: directory checksum error There definitely appears to be a disadvantage with the distribution of non-POSIX archives. A solution is to use pax to create your tar archives in the POSIX format. I'll also provide some tips about using pax's features to compensate for the loss of some parts of GNU tar's extended feature set. 4.3.2 Replacing tar with paxThe NetBSD and QNX6 pax utility supports a tar interface and can also read the @LongName GNU tar format extension. You can use pax as your tar replacement, since it can read your existing GNU-format archives and can create POSIX archives for future backups. Here's how to make the quick conversion. First, replace /usr/bin/tar. That is, rename GNU tar and save it in another directory, in case you ever need to restore GNU tar to its previous location: # mv /usr/bin/tar /usr/local/bin/gtar Next, create a symlink from pax to tar. This will allow the pax utility to emulate the tar interface if invoked with the tar name: # ln -s /bin/pax /usr/bin/tar Now when you use the tar utility, your archives will really be created by pax. 4.3.3 Compress Archives Without Using Intermediate FilesLet's say you're on a system that doesn't have issues with tar. Why else would you consider using pax as your backup solution? For one, you can use pax and pipelines to create compressed archives, without using intermediate files. Here's an example pipeline: % find /home/kirk -name '*.[ch]' | pax -w | pgp -c The pipeline's first stage uses find to generate the exact list of files to archive. When using tar, you will often create the file list using a subshell. Unfortunately, the subshell approach can be unreliable. For example, this user has so much source code that the complete file list does not fit on the command line: % tar cf kirksrc.tar $(find /home/kirk -name '*.[ch]') /bin/ksh: tar: Argument list too long However, in more cases, the pipeline approach will work as expected. During the second stage, pax reads the list of files from stdin and writes the archive to stdout. The pax found on all of the BSDs has built-in gzip support, so you can also compress the archive during this stage by adding the -z argument. When creating archives, invoke pax without the -v (verbose) argument. This way, if there are any pax error messages, they won't get lost in the extra output. The third stage compresses and/or encrypts the archive. An intermediate tar archive isn't required as the utility reads its data from the pipeline. This example uses pgp, the Pretty Good Privacy encryption system, which can be found in the ports collection. 4.3.4 Attribute-Preserving CopiesPOSIX provides two utilities for copying file hierarchies: cp -R and pax -rw. For regular users, cp -R is the common method. But for administrative use, pax -rw preserves more of the original file attributes, including hard-link counts and file access times. pax -rw also gives you a better copy of the original file hierarchy. For an example, let's back up three executables. Note that egrep, fgrep, and grep are all hard links to the same executable.The link count is three, and all have the same inode number. ls -li displays the inode number in column 1 and the link count in column 3: # ls -il /usr/bin/egrep /usr/bin/fgrep /usr/bin/grep 31888 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 /usr/bin/egrep 31888 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 /usr/bin/fgrep 31888 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 /usr/bin/grep With pax -rw, we will create one executable with the same date as the original: # pax -rw /usr/bin/egrep /usr/bin/fgrep /usr/bin/grep /tmp/ # ls -il /tmp/usr/bin/ 47 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 egrep 47 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 fgrep 47 -r-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 73784 Sep 8 2002 grep Can we do the same thing using cp -R? Nope. Instead, we create three new files, each with a unique inode number, a link count of one, and a new date: # rm /tmp/usr/bin/* # cp -R /usr/bin/egrep /usr/bin/fgrep /usr/bin/grep /tmp/usr/bin/ # ls -il /tmp/usr/bin/ 49 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 73784 Dec 19 11:26 egrep 48 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 73784 Dec 19 11:26 fgrep 47 -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 73784 Dec 19 11:26 grep 4.3.5 Rooted Archives and the Substitution ArgumentIf you have ever used GNU tar and received this message: tar: Removing leading `/' from absolute path names in the archive then you were using a tar archive that was rooted, where the files all had absolute paths starting with the forward slash (/). It is not a good idea to clobber existing files unintentionally with foreign binaries, which is why the GNU tar utility automatically strips the leading / for you. To be safe, you want your unarchiver to create files relative to your current working directory. Rooted archives try to violate this rule by creating files relative to the root of the filesystem, ignoring the current working directory. If that archive contained /etc/passwd, unarchiving it could replace your current password file with a foreign copy. You may be surprised when you cannot log into your system anymore! You can use the pax substitution argument to remove the leading /. This will ensure that the unarchived files will be created relative to your current working directory, instead of at the root of your filesystem: # pax -A -r -s '-^/--' < rootedarchive.tar Here, the -A argument requests that pax not strip the leading / automatically, as we want to do this ourselves. This argument is required only to avoid a bug in the NetBSD pax implementation that interferes with the -s argument. We also want pax to unarchive the file, so we pass the -r argument. The -s argument specifies an ed-style substitution expression to be performed on the destination pathname. In this example, the leading / will be stripped from the destination paths. See man ed for more information. If we used the traditional / delimiter, the substitution expression would be /^\///. (The second / isn't a delimiter, so it has to be escaped with a \.) You will find that / is the worst delimiter, because you have to escape all the slashes found in the paths. Fortunately, you can choose another delimiter. Pick one that isn't present in the paths, to minimize the number of escape characters you have to add. In the example, we used the - character as the delimiter, and therefore no escapes were required. The substitution argument can be used to rename files for a beta software release, for example. Say you develop X11R6 software and have multiple development versions on your box: /usr/X11R6.saturday /usr/X11R6.working /usr/X11R6.notworking /usr/X11R6.released and you want to install the /usr/X11R6.working directory as usr/X11R6 on the beta system: # pax -A -w -s '-^/usr/X11R6.working-usr/X11R6-' /usr/X11R6.working \ > /tmp/beta.tar This time, the -s argument specifies a substitution expression that will replace the beginning of the path /usr/X11R6.working with usr/X11R6 in the archive. 4.3.6 Useful Resources for Multiple Volume ArchivesPOSIX does not specify the format of multivolume archive headers, meaning that every archiver may use a different intervolume header format. If you have a lot of multivolume tar archives and plan to switch to a different tar implementation, you should test whether you can still recover your old multivolume archives. This practice may have been more common when Minix/QNX4 users archived their 20 MB hard disks to a stack of floppy disks. Minix/QNX4 users had the vol utility to handle multiple volumes; instead of adding the multivolume functionality to the archiver itself, it was handled by a separate utility. You should be able to switch archiver implementations transparently because vol did the splitting, not the archiver. The vol utility performs the following operations:
Unfortunately, the vol utility isn't part of the NetBSD package collection. If you create a lot of multivolume archives, you may want to look into porting one of the following utilities:
4.3.7 See Also
|
| < Day Day Up > |


| lbdp {phylopomp} | R Documentation |
The genealogy process induced by a simple linear birth-death process with constant-rate sampling.
runLBDP(time, t0 = 0, lambda = 2, mu = 1, psi = 1, n0 = 5)
continueLBDP(object, time, lambda = NA, mu = NA, psi = NA)
lbdp_exact(x, lambda, mu, psi, n0 = 1)
lbdp_pomp(x, lambda, mu, psi, n0 = 1, t0 = 0)
time |
final time |
t0 |
initial time |
lambda |
per capita birth rate |
mu |
per capita recovery rate. |
psi |
per capita sampling rate. |
n0 |
initial population size |
object |
either the name of the model to simulate or a previously computed ‘gpsim’ object |
x |
genealogy in phylopomp format (i.e., an object that inherits from ‘gpgen’). |
lbdp_exact
gives the exact log likelihood of a linear birth-death process, conditioned on n_0 = 0
(Stadler, 2010, Thm 3.5).
The derivation is also given in comments in the code.
lbdp_pomp
constructs a pomp object containing a given set of data and a linear birth-death-sampling process.
runLBDP
and continueLBDP
return objects of class ‘gpsim’ with ‘model’ attribute “LBDP”.
lbdp_exact
returns the log likelihood of the genealogy.
Note that the time since the most recent sample is informative.
T. Stadler. Sampling-through-time in birth-death trees. Journal of Theoretical Biology 267, 396–404, 2010.
More example genealogy processes:
moran
,
seir
,
si2r
,
siir
,
simulate()
,
sir
simulate("LBDP",time=4) |> plot(points=TRUE)
simulate("LBDP",lambda=2,mu=1,psi=3,n0=1,time=1) |>
simulate(time=10,lambda=1) |>
plot()
simulate("LBDP",time=4) |>
lineages() |>
plot()


Welcome to the Strategic Decision-Making Experiment.
Overview: Instructions (this page), Game 1, Game 2, Post-Experiment Questionnaire
Player types:
- You
- Other human competitors
- Human competitors who have artificial intelligence advisors
- AI decision engines as competitors
- AI decision engine as your advisor
- Human expert as your advisor
In at least one game, you will have access to a human expert advisor and an artificial intelligence advisor.

The
artificially intelligent competitors and advisors are sophisticated learning algorithms trained by playing against human players and other AI algorithms using a learning technique called recursive self-play. They use various frameworks including deep learning neural networks and counterfactual regret minimization.
The
human expert advisor has been trained in optimal strategies for the kinds of games you will be playing.
Performance: Your goal is to compete and make decisions such as to maximize your score. There is a side bet going between SOS, ACSC, AWC, and SAASS on which students do the best.
Good luck!


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Prestressed materials¶
Prestressed concrete¶
Classes related to prestressed concrete
-
class
materials.prestressing.prestressed_concrete.
PrestressTendon
(lstRoughPnts)¶ Bases:
object
Geometry and prestressing losses of a prestressing tendon
Variables: - lstRoughPnt – list of 3D-coordinate tuples defining the points from which to interpolate the cubic spline that will delineate the tendon geometry. e.g. [(x1,y1,z1),(x2,y2,z2),...]
- roughCoordMtr – matrix 3*n_rough_ptos [[x1,x2, ..],[y1,y2,..],[z1,z2,..]]
-
calcLossAnchor
(Ep_by_anc_slip_extr1=0.0, Ep_by_anc_slip_extr2=0.0)¶ Creates the attributes lossAnchor and stressAfterLossAnchor of type array that contains for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative immediate loss of prestressing due to anchorage slip and the stress after this loss, respectively. Loss due to friction must be previously calculated
Parameters: - Ep_by_anc_slip_extr1 – anchorage slip (data provided by the manufacturer of the anchorage system) at extremity 1 of the tendon (starting point) muliplied by the elastic modulus of the prestresing steel (= deltaL x Ep)
- Ep_by_anc_slip_extr2 – anchorage slip at extremity 2 of the tendon (ending point) muliplied by the elastic modulus of the prestresing steel (= deltaL x Ep)
-
calcLossFriction
(coefFric, uninDev, sigmaP0_extr1=0.0, sigmaP0_extr2=0.0)¶ Creates the attributes lossFriction and stressAfterLossFriction of type array that contains for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative immediate loss of prestressing due to friction and the stress after this loss, respectively.
Parameters: - sigmaP0_extr1 – maximum stress applied at the extremity 1 of the tendon (starting point) (stress refers to its value at the end of the anchorage, in the contact with concrete). Defaults to 0.0 (no prestress applied)
- sigmaP0_extr2 – idem for prestress applied at extremity 2 (end point of the tendon). Defaults to 0.0 (no prestress applied)
- coefFric – coefficient of friction between the tendon and its sheathing
- uninDev – unintentional angular deviation (rad/m tendon)
-
creaTendonElements
(preprocessor, materialName, elemTypeName, crdTransfName, areaTendon, setName)¶ Creates the nodes and elements of the tendon and appends them to a set.
Parameters: - preporcessor – preprocessor
- materialName – name of the material
- elemTypeName – name of the type of element
- crdTransfName – name of the coordinate transformation
- areaTendon – area of the cross-section of the tencon
- setName – name of the set to which append the nodes and elements created (if the set doesn’t exist, it’s created)
-
fAnc_ext1
(s)¶ Funtion to obtain the parameters for calculating the loss due to anchorage slip in extremity 1
-
fAnc_ext2
(s)¶ Funtion to obtain the parameters for calculating the loss due to anchorage slip in extremity 2
-
getAngleSequence
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the deviation deviation (angle in rad) with respect to the preceding point
-
getCumAngle
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative angular deviation (angle in rad) of the tendon from its starting point
-
getCumLength
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative lenght of tendon from its starting point
-
getLengthSequence
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the distance to the preceding point
-
getReverseCumAngle
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative angular deviation (angle in rad) of the tendon from its ending point
-
getReverseCumLength
()¶ Return for each point in fineCoordMtr the cumulative lenght of tendon from its ending point
-
plot2D
(XaxisValues='X', fileName='plot.png', symbolRougPoints=None, symbolFinePoints=None, symbolTendon=None, symbolLossFriction=None, symbolStressAfterLossFriction=None, symbolLossAnch=None, symbolStressAfterLossAnch=None)¶ Plot in a 2D graphic the results to which a symbol is assigned. Symbol examples: ‘r-‘: red solid line, ‘mo’: magenta circle, ‘b–’: blue dashes, ‘ks’:black square,’g^’ green triangle_up, ‘c*’: cyan star, ... :param XaxisValues: =’X’ (default) to represent in the diagram X-axis
the X coordinates of the tendon,- =’Y’ to represent in the diagram X-axis
- the Y coordinates of the tendon,
- =’S’ to represent in the diagram X-axis
- the curviline coordinates of the tendon (sqrt(X**2+Y**2)
-
plot3D
(fileName='plot.png', symbolRougPoints=None, symbolFinePoints=None, symbolTendon=None, symbolLossFriction=None, symbolStressAfterLossFriction=None, symbolLossAnch=None, symbolStressAfterLossAnch=None)¶ Plot in a 3D graphic the results to which a symbol is assigned. Symbol examples: ‘r-‘: red solid line, ‘mo’: magenta circle, ‘b–’: blue dashes, ‘ks’:black square,’g^’ green triangle_up, ‘c*’: cyan star, ...
-
pntsInterpTendon
(nPntsFine, smoothness, kgrade=3)¶ Generates a cubic spline (default) or a spline of grade kgrade interpolation from the rough points and calculates its value and the value of its derivative in nPntsFine equispaced. Creates the following attributes:
- fineCoordMtr: matrix with coordinates of the interpolated points
[[x1,x2, ..],[y1,y2,..],[z1,z2,..]] - fineDerivMtr: matrix with the vector representing the derivative in each interpolated - tck: tuple (t,c,k) containing the vector of knots, the B-spline
coefficients, and the degree of the spline.- fineScoord: coordinate by the projection of the curve on the XY
plane. Matrix 1*nPntsFine whose first elements is 0 and the rest the cumulative distance to the first point
-
materials.prestressing.prestressed_concrete.
angle_between
(a, b)¶


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REVIEW
By Joy Wyse, the SILVER Screen Critic
Jakob, the Liar, Starring Robin Williams, Alan Arkin, Bob Balaban, Hannah Taylor-Gordon, Michael Jeter, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Liev Schreiver. Directed by Peter Kassovitz
It is not an easy task to dramatize a sad and depressing time in history. Last year's Life is Beautiful was able to teach a lesson about the holocaust through laughter. Although Robin Williams is noted for his humor and wonderful characterizations, even he is unable to make this an enjoyable film.
The Polish Jews depicted are not in a concentration camp, but are residents of a ghetto where they are deprived of most essentials of life. They are contained in their own little space behind walls and barbed wire fences.
Before the war Jakob Heym (Williams) was the owner of a nice little restaurant, but lack of supplies has forced him to suspend operations and he exists in an area above the old eatery.
Kowalsky (Balaban), the town barber, has not received a new razor blade for years, but he manages to shave Jakob each and every day. In return, he was supposed to receive some now non-existent latkes from Jakob. When Jakob discovers that the despondent barber is about to commit suicide, he reminds him of his promise to shave him, thereby postponing the hanging.
The lack of news from the outside world has led to depression for most of the neighbors. One day Jakob accidentally overhears a news broadcast that tells of the Russian approach to their town. He shares this announcement with one person, who tells another, then another, and so on until everyone know about it. Although it is forbidden to own a radio, they all assume that Jakob really didn't `overhear' the news. They are certain that he has a hidden radio.
There is a subplot involving a young refugee who finds herself in Jakob's care. It is she, not a radio that is hidden.
This is a dark movie, not only in content, but also in its cinematography. At times it is difficult to distinguish what is going on in the numerous shadows. This lack of contrast will only become worse when it comes to television.
Robin Williams and everyone else in the cast are very good in their roles, and basically, it is a good story with an impressive ensemble. There is just too much depression here for me. I don't need that. I won't watch it again. For that reason, I give it a C.
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