Deep Learning and Art Images
At kaggle we can find a dataset containing a collection of art images of google images, yandex images and from The Virtual Russian Museum. The dataset has about 9000 images with five categories:
- Drawings and Watercolors
- Paintings
- Sculpture
- Graphic Art
- Iconography (old Russian art)
Because it is a classification problem, I wanted to use my newly learned knowledge in deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, first things first, the downloaded zip file has two more zip files, which it turns out are somewhat similar in context but not quiet. So I decided to combine the two into one dataset.
Approach
When I started to research how to tackle the issue for image classification, I found three possible options:
train_test_split
, we have to create the train and test data ourselves.flow_from_dataframe
, we need to create first the dataframe ourselves.flow_from_dictonary
, here we don’t need to do any extra work.
I, as you may guessed it already, opted for the later.
How deep is too deep?
To answer that question, here we need to know one fact first. I am working on a MacBook Pro (2015) with a 2.2 GHz Intel Core i7 processor and 16GB of RAM.
So, how deep is too deep? How many layers can I run on my computer without feeling the pain? To find out I approached it very gingerly, step by step. Or shall I say layer by layer?
For the first try, I had only a few layers, which helped with the computation time. However, the result showed a test accuracy of less than 50%.
model = models.Sequential([
Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(150, 150, 3)),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
Flatten(),
Dense(64, activation='relu'),
Dense(128, activation='relu'),
Dense(5, activation='sigmoid')
])
To improve the test accuracy, I kept adding layers. I ended up adding several more layers, including Dropout
layers to help to avoid over-fitting.
model = Sequential([
Conv2D(32, (3, 3), input_shape=input_shape, activation='relu'),
MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
Dropout(0.2),
Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
Dropout(0.2),
Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
Dropout(0.2),
Flatten(),
Dense(128, activation='relu'),
Dropout(0.2),
Dense(64, activation='relu'),
Dropout(0.2),
Dense(5, activation='softmax')
])
With the simple sequential model the computational time wasn’t too bad but with the model, seen above, the time went up from several minutes per epochs to nearly 30 minutes per epochs.
epochs/batch_size
An epochs
is an iteration over the entire provided data; for example, if we have epochs=25
we iterate 25 times over the data. The batch_size
is the number of samples that will propagate through the network, by default 32. In our case where we have about 8000 images in the training set, we have 250 batches per epochs.
The question is, do we decrease the batch_size to 16 or increase the number to 64? If we decrease the number, we have 500 batches vs 125 batches if we increase the number. Large batch size result in faster processing time and vice versa. In regards to epochs, the model improves with more but only to a point. They start to plateau in accuracy as they converge.
Pre-Trained Network
To improve not only the accuracy but also the processing time (so I hoped), I decided to use a pre-trained network. There are a few we can choose from, for example VGG16, VGG19, InceptionV3, and ResNet50 etcetera. I resorted to the VGG model to keep it simple for the time being.
VGG is a convolutional neural network model for image recognition proposed by the Visual Geometry Group in the University of Oxford, where VGG16 refers to a VGG model with 16 weight layers, and VGG19 refers to a VGG model with 19 weight layers.
Because we have an already trained model, all we have to do is add at least two more layers (Flatten
and the output Dense
layer) to test what the pre-trained network can do with our dataset. In my case I ended up adding six layers in total:
model = Sequential([
vgg_model,
Flatten(),
Dense(32, activation='relu'),
Dense(64, activation='relu'),
Dense(128, activation='relu'),
Dense(64, activation='relu'),
Dense(5, activation='softmax')
])
Now, the accuracy improved to 96.68%, up >5% from my previous model, but not the processing time.
AWS
In the end, it took several hours to run the model. Moreover, it makes it even more painful if you forget to change your default setting on your MacBook and the computer goes into sleep mode, and nothing get processed at all.
To free up the computer I resorted to - welcome - paperspace.
Which allows me to prototype locally (prove of concept) and compute in the cloud.
Conclusion
Use where you can pre-trained networks and if you are using large data use cloud services.


|
TexiScript
1.0.0
A tool that can generate textures using a simple scripting language.
|
Public Member Functions | |
| ImageRenderer (Path directory, String outputFile) | |
| void | setTextureSize (int textureSize) |
| int | getTextureSize () |
| void | setRandomization (boolean randomize) |
| boolean | getRandomization () |
| void | setTextureSmoothing (int textureSmoothing) |
| int | getTextureSmoothing () |
| void | setOutputFile (String outputFile) |
| String | getOutputFile () |
| void | setMeasureTime (boolean measureTime) |
| boolean | getMeasureTime () |
| void | generateFrame (CodePosition pos, Generator generator, int frame) throws SemanticException |
| void | generateImage (CodePosition pos, Generator generator) throws SemanticException |
| void | generateImageIgnoreDuplicates (CodePosition pos, Generator generator) throws SemanticException |
Class that renders images using generators.
Definition at line 17 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.ImageRenderer | ( | Path | directory, |
| String | outputFile | ||
| ) |
Constructs an image renderer with fixed working directory and default output file name.
| directory | working directory |
| outputFile | default output file name |
Definition at line 48 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.generateFrame | ( | CodePosition | pos, |
| Generator | generator, | ||
| int | frame | ||
| ) | throws SemanticException |
Generates a single video frame and saves it to a file .
| pos | current position in script |
| generator | generator instance that should be used |
| frame | frame index |
| SemanticException | When the output file name was already used. |
| RuntimeException | When an error occurs while saving the generated image. |
Definition at line 139 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.generateImage | ( | CodePosition | pos, |
| Generator | generator | ||
| ) | throws SemanticException |
Generates an image and saves it to a file .
| pos | current position in script |
| generator | generator instance that should be used |
| SemanticException | When the output file name was already used. |
| RuntimeException | When an error occurs while saving the generated image. |
Definition at line 167 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.generateImageIgnoreDuplicates | ( | CodePosition | pos, |
| Generator | generator | ||
| ) | throws SemanticException |
Generates an image and saves it to a file only if the output file name was not used yet.
| pos | current position in script |
| generator | generator instance that should be used |
| SemanticException | Never. |
| RuntimeException | When an error occurs while saving the generated image. |
Definition at line 178 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| boolean cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.getMeasureTime | ( | ) |
Gets whether generation time should be measured.
Definition at line 127 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| String cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.getOutputFile | ( | ) |
Gets output file name.
Definition at line 114 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| boolean cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.getRandomization | ( | ) |
Gets whether generation should be fully randomized or deterministic.
Definition at line 84 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| int cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.getTextureSize | ( | ) |
Gets output image size in pixels.
Definition at line 71 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| int cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.getTextureSmoothing | ( | ) |
Gets antialiasing level.
Definition at line 101 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.setMeasureTime | ( | boolean | measureTime | ) |
Sets whether generation time should be measured.
| measureTime | true to enable time measure, false to disable |
Definition at line 122 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.setOutputFile | ( | String | outputFile | ) |
Sets output file name.
| outputFile | valid file name without extension |
Definition at line 109 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.setRandomization | ( | boolean | randomize | ) |
Sets whether generation should be fully randomized or deterministic.
| randomize | true to enable randomization, false to disable |
Definition at line 79 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.setTextureSize | ( | int | textureSize | ) |
Sets output image size in pixels.
| textureSize | image size in pixels, must be greater than zero |
| IllegalArgumentException | When textureSize < 1. |
Definition at line 63 of file ImageRenderer.java.
| void cz.zdepav.school.texiscript.script.interpreter.ImageRenderer.setTextureSmoothing | ( | int | textureSmoothing | ) |
Sets antialiasing level.
| textureSmoothing | antialiasing level between 0 and 10 |
| IllegalArgumentException | When textureSmoothing < 0 or textureSmoothing > 10. |
Definition at line 93 of file ImageRenderer.java.


Super Cashier
- Platform: Oculus Touch
- Time: 4 Minutes
- Team size: 5
- Role: Game Programmer, Designer
- Project Session Time: 2 Weeks
Super Cashier is an extremely funny cashier simulator on Oculus. Become a cashier, scan barcodes on various products, welcome wierd customers and compete with another player! Audience are enabled to join the game by shopping on our website! Their characters (customers) will bring the products they pick to the players, like they were shopping in a real supermarket! Above all, Super Cashier provides players with multiple enjoyments.
- Enjoy fast-paced Grabbing & Scanning! Simple and fun!
- 12 kinds of customers and 40 kinds of products!
- Very wierd behaviors of special customers / special products.
- Intense competetion with another cashier.
- Highly audience-engaged!
- Relaxing and really funny art and audio.
It took us many days and nights to discuss and make decisions on the design. We talked about the super large scale of the game, players had so many ways to get satisfaction and we had so many work to do that we could hardly finish it in two weeks. But we felt these ideas were super cool and we could hardly banish any of them. Finally we decided to challenge it, and we made it! All of us love this game very much!


Welcome to QuickApp
A startup project template for Quick Application Development.
This application template provides a quick and convenient way to create ASP.NET Core 7.0 / Angular 16 applications.
Technologies
Features
- A simple, not "over-engineered" startup project template for Quick Application Development
- A complete backend and frontend project structure to build on, with login, user and permission-based role management integrated
- Clean and simple Angular/ASP.NET Core code to start with
- Data Access Layer built with the Repository and Unit of Work Pattern
- Code First Database
- A RESTful API Design
- Dialog and Notification Services
- Configuration Page and Configuration Service
- Integrated Internationalization
- Theming with SASS
- Ready-to-use email API
- Handling Access and Refresh Tokens with WebStorage (Bearer authentication) - No Cookies
- CRUD APIs
- etc.
Get more templates


Mote Data
-
List parameters (~lp)
-
Lists configuration parameters, io and channel status variables. Commands are of the form
~lp;[parameter keyword];[destination]Parameters are listed below. Reply message, including status, will be returned to serial output, and to a destination node if the optional destination keyword is provided.
cfg: ~lp;cfg;[destination]Lists program configuration parametersSample output:
cmd:lp,node:10,gw:1,nw:105,loop:1,slpmd:0,slpdly:10
Lists the following parameters:node: RF Node IDnw: RF Network IDloop: Controller Loop Period (in 10ms increments)slpmd: Sleepmode enabled (0 or 1)slpdly: Sleepdelay (in 100ms increments)iov: ~lp;iov;[destination]IO Values 1: Lists io values 0-4 in %4d.%4d float formatSample output:
cmd:lp,iov:0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000|0340.0000
iov2: ~lp;iov2;[destination]IO Values 2: Lists io values 5-9 in %4d.%4d float formatSample output:
cmd:lp,iov2:0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000
iov3: ~lp;iov3;[destination]IO Values 3: Lists io values 10-13 in %4d.%4d float formatSample output:
cmd:lp,iov3:0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000|0000.0000
ioen: ~lp;ioen;[destination]IO Read Enabled: Lists read enabled statuses of all ioSample output:
cmd:lp,ioen:0|0|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0
iomd: ~lp;iomd;[destination]IO Mode: Lists io modes of the 13 ioIO Modes are the following:0: Digital Input, binary, 0/11: Digital Output, binary 0/12: Analog Input, 10 bit, 0-1023Sample output:
cmd:lp,iomd:0|0|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0
iorpe: ~lp;iorpe;[destination]IO Report Enabled: Lists gateway reporting enabled status for all ioSample output:
cmd:lp,iorpe:0|0|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0
iordf: ~lp;iordf;[destination]IO Read Frequency: Lists IO Read frequency in 100ms incrementsSample output:
cmd:lp,iordf:1|20|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|100|0|0|0
iorpf: ~lp;iorpf;[destination]IO Report Frequency: Lists IO Value reporting frequency to gateway in 100ms increments. A value of zero means the value will be reported each time it is readSample output:
cmd:lp,iorpf:1|20|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|100|0|0|0
chen: ~lp;chen;[destination]Channel Enabled: Lists enabled status of the 8 channelsSample output:
cmd:lp,chen:0|0|1|0|1|0|0|0
chmd: ~lp;chmd;[destination]Channel Mode: Lists modes of 8 channels. Not currently used.Sample output:
cmd:lp,chmd:0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0
chpf: ~lp;chpf;[destination]Channel Positive Feedback: Lists index of io used for positive feedback for each channel. A value of -1 means no feedback channel is used.Sample output:
cmd:lp,chpf;8|12|0|4|0|-1|0|0
chpf: ~lp;chnf;[destination]Channel Negative Feedback: Lists index of io used for negative feedback for each channel. A value of -1 means no feedback channel is used.Sample output:
cmd:lp,chnf:8|12|0|4|0|-1|0|0
chdb: ~lp;chdb;[destination]Channel Deadband: Lists deadband for channel feedbackSample output:
cmd:lp,chdb:4|35|0|2|0|4|0|0
Modify parameters (~mp)
-
Lists configuration parameters, io and channel status variables. Commands are of the form
~lp;[parameter keyword];[destination]
Parameters are listed below. Reply message, including status, will be returned to serial output, and to a destination node if the optional destination keyword is provided.
cfg: program parameters ~lp;cfg;[destination]
Sample output:
cmd:lp,node:10,gw:1,nw:10,loop:1,slpmd:0,slpdly:1000
Lists the following parameters:
Send message (~sendmsg)
-
Lists configuration parameters, io and channel status variables. Commands are of the form
~lp;[parameter keyword];[destination]
Parameters are listed below. Reply message, including status, will be returned to serial output, and to a destination node if the optional destination keyword is provided.
cfg: program parameters ~lp;cfg;[destination]
Sample output:
cmd:lp,node:10,gw:1,nw:10,loop:1,slpmd:0,slpdly:1000
Lists the following parameters:
-
Configuration
IO
Command Detail
-
Terminal
-
$
Sent Messages
-
Received Messages
-


Reporting harassement or sexual abuse
Please send us details about the incident you would like to report.
Name
Gender
Female
Other
DOB
Upload Image(Optional)
Email
Date of reported incident
Incident Location
Is person known ?
yes
no
Complaint Details
Injured or not?
Please explain


---
layout: page
title: "Teaching"
permalink: /teaching/
---
You can find syllabi for my recent courses below. If you're interested in any additional teaching materials, you're welcome to get in touch.
Recent courses
{% for course in site.teaching %}
- {{ course.title }} {{ course.semester }} | Syllabus
{% endfor %}
Additional teaching
I taught the following courses at the University of Arizona.
- Metaphysics (PHIL 440)
- Minds and morals (PHIL/PSY 348)
- Minds, brains, and computers (PHIL/PSY 346)
- Healthcare ethics (CHS 309)
- Consciousness and cognition (PHIL/PSY 241)
- Science and inquiry (PHIL 160D3)
- Philosophical perspectives on society (PHIL 150C1)
- Introduction to philosophy (PHIL 111)
- Logic and critical thinking (PHIL 110)


‘Relentless’: Pundit hails Liverpool FC star after England display
Chris Sutton praises Liverpool FC star Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his display for England v Montenegro
by The Sport Review staffChris Sutton has heaped praise on Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain for his performance in England’s 7-0 thrashing of Montenegro on Thursday night.
The Liverpool FC midfielder played 56 minutes of the Euro 2020 qualifier and scored one of the Three Lions’ seven goals as they booked their place in next summer’s tournament in style.
Oxlade-Chamberlain has been gradually working his way back to full fitness for Liverpool FC after having missed most of last season due to a serious knee problem.
He has only started two of Liverpool FC’s 12 Premier League games so far this season but he has come off the bench six times for Jurgen Klopp’s men in the top flight.
Sutton was highly impressed by Oxlade-Chamberlain’s performance on Thursday night as he helped Gareth Southgate’s men to book their place at Euro 2020.
Writing in his column for the Daily Mail, Sutton said: “He set himself with his first touch then blasted a ferocious shot into the back of the net with his second.
“He made driving runs from midfield and was relentless in the centre of the pitch.
“Gareth Southgate has never shied away from letting us know how highly he rates Oxlade-Chamberlain. ‘He would have been in the starting XI for the World Cup had he been fit,’ Southgate has said of the Liverpool player.
“Oxlade-Chamberlain showed why on Thursday night, while Harry Winks kept things ticking over nicely alongside him.”
Oxlade-Chamberlain will be hoping to feature for Liverpool FC when the Reds return to Premier League action after the international break with a trip to Crystal Palace.
The Reds are currently eight points clear at the top of the Premier League table after having won 11 of their 12 games in the top flight so far this season to establish themselves as the heavy favourites for the title.


{% extends 'base/index.html' %} {% block content %}
It looks like you've purchased this book before. Would you like to leave some feedback?
{% endif %}ISBN: {{ book.isbn }}
Authors: {{ book.authors }}
Publisher: {{ book.publisher }}
Year of Publication: {{ book.year_op.year }}
Subject: {{ book.subject }}
Keywords: {{ book.keywords }}
{{ b_format }}
{{ book.copies }} copies left
Number of feedback to show:
{% if feedbacks %} {% for feedback in feedbacks %}{{ feedback.0.rater.name }} posted on {{ feedback.0.date_time }}:
Rating: {{ feedback.0.score }} Usefulness: {{ feedback.0.usefulness.score__avg }}
{{ feedback.0.short_text }}
{% if feedback.1 == 'no' %}Was the feedback useful to you?
{% elif feedback.1 == 'self' %} {% else %} {% if feedback.1.score == 0 %}You rated this feedback as useless.
{% elif feedback.1.score == 1 %}You rated this feedback as useful.
{% else %}You rated this feedback as very useful.
{% endif %} {% endif %}There's no feedback for this book yet. Why don't you order it and be the first to leave some?
{% endif %}Average rating: {{ book.rating.score__avg }}
There are no recommendations that we can offer.
{% endif %}


config¶
Facilitates the generation of complex tensorflow models, built from compositions of tensorflow functions.
-
class
config.
AntGraph
(config, tensordict={}, placeholderdict={}, data=None, function_map={}, imports={}, marker='-', variable_bindings=None, graph_name='no_name', graph_dest='antpics/', develop=False)[source]¶ Object to store graph information from graph built with config file.
Parameters: - config – A plain text config file
- tensordict – A dictionary of premade tensors represented in the config by key
- placeholderdict – A dictionary of premade placeholder tensors represented in the config by key
- data – A dictionary of data matrices with keys corresponding to placeholder names in graph.
- function_map – A dictionary of function_handle:node_op pairs to use in building the graph
- imports – A dictionary of module_name:path_to_module key value pairs for custom node_ops modules.
- marker – The marker for representing graph structure
- variable_bindings – A dictionary with entries of the form variable_name:value for variable replacement in config file.
- graph_name – The name of the graph. Will be used to name the graph pdf file.
- graph_dest – The folder to write the graph pdf and graph dot string to.
- develop – True|False. Whether to print tensor info, while constructing the tensorflow graph.
-
display_graph
(pdfviewer='okular')[source]¶ Display the pdf image of graph from config file to screen.
-
placeholderdict
¶ A dictionary of tensors which are placeholders in the graph. The key should correspond to the key of the corresponding data in a data dictionary.
-
tensor_out
¶ Tensor or list of tensors returned from last node of graph.
-
tensordict
¶ A dictionary of tensors which are nodes in the graph.
-
exception
config.
GraphMarkerError
[source]¶ Raised when leading character of a line (other than first) in a graph config file is not the specified level marker.
-
exception
config.
MissingDataError
[source]¶ Raised when data needed to determine shapes is not found in the
DataSet
.
-
exception
config.
MissingTensorError
[source]¶ Raised when a tensor is described by name only in the graph and it is not in a dictionary.
-
exception
config.
ProcessLookupError
[source]¶ Raised when lookup receives a dataname argument without a corresponding value in it’s
DataSet
and there is not already a Placeholder with that name.
-
exception
config.
RandomNodeFunctionError
[source]¶ Raised when something strange happened with a node function call.
-
exception
config.
UndefinedVariableError
[source]¶ Raised when a a variable in config is not a key in variable_bindings map handed to graph_setup.
-
exception
config.
UnsupportedNodeError
[source]¶ Raised when a config file calls a function that is not defined, i.e., has not been imported, or is not in the node_ops base file.
-
config.
ph_rep
(ph)[source]¶ Convenience function for representing a tensorflow placeholder.
Parameters: ph – A tensorflow placeholder. Returns: A string representing the placeholder.
-
config.
testGraph
(config, marker='-', graph_dest='antpics/', graph_name='test_graph')[source]¶ Parameters: - config – A graph specification in .config format.
- marker – A character or string of characters to delimit graph edges.
- graph_dest – Where to save the graphviz pdf and associated dot file.
- graph_name – A name for the graph (without extension)


My name is Parth Patel
I am an undergraduate student of Electrical Engineering at
NIT Surat. I want to learn and grow as a scientist
so that I can contribute to scientific development in my fields of interest.
| Course | School | Years |
|---|---|---|
| O Level (Xth Standard) | Maharaja Agrasen Vidyalaya, Ahmedabad, Gujrat |
2011 |
| A Level (XIIth Standard) | Maharaja Agrasen Vidyalaya, Ahmedabad, Gujrat |
2013 |
| B.Tech (Electrical Engineering) | Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat, Gujrat |
2013 - Present |
Feel free to contact me if you have a job offer, internship, project query or just to say a Hi !!


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
Of all the books in the world. The best stories are found between the pages of a passport
Explore {% else %}
Of all the books in the world. The best stories are found between the pages of a passport
Find some amazing travel stories and share yours with Yomadic!
Create Account {% endif %}
{{ post.date_posted.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }}


Pascal Program Lengths
问题描述 :
The length of a program is measured in units. The unit count is determined by counting all occurrences of reserved words, identifiers, constants, left parentheses, left brackets, and the following operators: +, -, *, /, =, <, >, <=, >=, <>, @, ^, and :=. Comments are ignored, as are all other symbols not falling into one of the categories mentioned above. The program with the lowest unit count is declared the winner. Two or more programs with equal unit counts split the prize for the quarter.
In an effort to speed the judging of the contest, your team has been asked to write a program that will determine the length of a series of Pascal programs and print the number of units in each.
输入:
输出:
样例输入:
PROGRAM SAMPLEINPUT; VAR TEMP : RECORD FIRST, SECOND : REAL; END; BEGIN {Ignore this } TEMP.FIRST := 5.0E-2; READLN (TEMP.SECOND); WRITELN ('THE ANSWER IS', TEMP.FIRST * TEMP.SECOND : 7 : 3) END. ~~A. N. Onymous
样例输出:
Program by A. N. Onymous contains 29 units. Note: Here are some additional notes on Turbo Pascal for those not familiar with the language: Identifiers start with an underscore (_) or a letter (upper or lower case) which is followed by zero or more characters that are underscores, letters or digits. The delimiter for the beginning and ending of a string constant is the single forward quote ('). Each string is entirely on a single source line (that is a string constant cannot begin on one line and continue on the next). If '' appears within a string then it represents a single ' character that is part of the string. A string constant consisting of a single ' character is, therefore, represented by '''' in a Turbo Pascal program. The empty string is allowed. The most general form of a numeric constant is illustrated by the constant 10.56E-15. The 10 is the integral part (1 or more digits) and is always present. The .56 is the decimal part and is optional. The E-15 is the exponent and it is also optional. It begins with an upper or lower case E, which is followed by a sign (+ or -). The sign is optional. Turbo Pascal supports hexadecimal integer constants which consist of a $ followed by one or more hex digits (`0' to `9', `a' to `f', `A' to `F'). For example, $a9F is a legal integer constant in Turbo Pascal. The only comment delimiters that you should recognise are {}, and not (**). Comments do not nest. `+' and `-' should be considered as operators wherever possible. For example in x := -3 the `-' and the `3' are separate tokens. Subranges of ordinal types can be expressed as lower..upper. For example, 1..10 is a subrange involving the integers from 1 to 10. All tokens not mentioned anywhere above consist of a single character.
也是个简单树状DP，和POJ3107的写法基本一致。
#include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <algorithm> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <cmath> #include <stack> using namespace std; #define ll long long #define int64 __int64 #define M 100005 #define N 1005 #define inf 1000010 #define mod<PHONE_NUMBER> struct node { int son_max; int son_sum; int pos; }tp[M]; struct Node { int ev , next; }tree[M]; int n , tot , head[M]; void Add(int s , int e) { tree[tot].ev = e; tree[tot].next = head[s]; head[s] = tot++; } void Dfs(int s , int fa) { int i; tp[s].son_max = 0; tp[s].son_sum = 1; tp[s].pos = s; for (i = head[s] ; i != -1 ; i = tree[i].next) { int v = tree[i].ev; if (v == fa)continue; Dfs(v,s); tp[s].son_max = max(tp[s].son_max , tp[v].son_sum); tp[s].son_sum += tp[v].son_sum; } tp[s].son_max = max(tp[s].son_max , n-tp[s].son_sum); } bool cmp(node a , node b) { if (a.son_max < b.son_max)return true; if (a.son_max > b.son_max)return false; if (a.pos < b.pos)return true; return false; } int main() { int i , t; scanf("%d",&t); while (t--) { tot = 0; memset(head , -1 , sizeof head); scanf("%d",&n); for (i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) { int s , e; scanf ("%d%d",&s,&e); Add(s,e); Add(e,s); } Dfs(1,0); sort(tp+1 , tp+n+1 , cmp); printf("%d %d\n",tp[1].pos,tp[1].son_max); } return 0; }
解题报告转自：http://blog.csdn.net/wangjie_wang/article/details/9257109
不同的编译器，printf(),执行的顺序不同，所以结果也就不同，建议不要那么写
多谢指出，已改正
其实不需要用LCA，用DFS+vector更简单
递归还真是一门学问，学习了
题目需要求解的是最小值，而且没有考虑可能存在环
多谢支持！
这怎么用Catalan数啊？求解答！
大哥，你复制也看看是不是这题的答案才复制吧。
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n,p,t[100]={1};
for(int i=1;i<100;i++)
t =i;
while(scanf("%d",&n)&&n!=0){
if(n==1)
printf("Printing order for 1 pages:nSheet 1, front: Blank, 1n");
else {
if(n%4) p=n/4+1;
else p=n/4;
int q=4*p;
printf("Printing order for %d pages:n",n);
for(int i=0;i<p;i++){
printf("Sheet %d, front: ",i+1);
if(q>n) {printf("Blank, %dn",t[2*i+1]);}
else {printf("%d, %dn",q,t[2*i+1]);}
q–;//打印表前
printf("Sheet %d, back : ",i+1);
if(q>n) {printf("%d, Blankn",t[2*i+2]);}
else {printf("%d, %dn",t[2*i+2],q);}
q–;//打印表后
}
}
}
return 0;
}
if(j){
int ans=a ;
for(int x=j-1;x>=0;x–){
if(!a ) break;
ans=min(ans,a );
sum+=ans;
}
}
求解释，，dp的思路是什么呢？
终于找到一篇能看懂的，mark
刚开始学习，为啥会报错了，你试过了吗
不错的网站，建议添加些比赛信息
我觉得是D哎……


CindyJS: Autocorrelation
We calculate the autocorrelation of an image with Fourier transforms and the Convolution Theorem. Please drag and drop a periodic image to the area.


Rebellion
The Legendary Devil Bane
Originally it was a keepsake from his father - now it is his own personal weapon, bound to the very essence that defines Dante as He. It is a literal extension of himself, and thus he can summon it at any time and from any location, eliminating the need to hide it from public eye through external methods.
Similarly, because of this unbreakable bond and extension of the self, Rebellion is perfectly adept at releasing his true power without a bit of effort on Dante’s end; former moves such as Drive are Round Trip are trivialized to simple swipes of the weapon. Outside of his hands, it is a claymore that is impossible to lift from the ground let alone use, even by those that share his blood.
As it is an extension of his very soul, he can manifest the blade into an indestructible humanoid form that takes the appearance of a white-haired woman. So long as Dante lives, it will remain in whatever state he directs.
Cerberus
The Ice Guardian
A tripartite nunchaku chiseled from the soul of Temen-ni-gru’s ice guardian. The chains that keep the weapon together can unlock from one another and extend to any length its user chooses, all connected by the very bond that keeps a soul together. Its power is as icy cold as the guardian it was taken from, capable of generating endless amounts of subzero frost and siphoning the heat of molten rock in seconds.
Those incapable of taming this beast suffer a never-ending torment of chill, frozen for all eternity by the very power the sought and failed to control. Release is greatly lusted after, but the bite of Cerberus keeps all fire from saving them.
Agni & Rudra
The Firestorm
Twin serrated scimitar comprised of the minds of two cordial gatekeepers; the Fire is appropriately hued, as is the Storm. Separately they are mere weapons of intense fire and cutting winds, but together they are the Firestorm: the relentless rending of flesh, scorching of wound, and reopening of old wounds never to see an end.
The unworthy fall victim to the maelstrom of evisceration; those unfortunate enough not to be torn to nothingness by the Firestorm are enslaved by the demon blades to serve as a host body, their souls never seeing salvation for the rest of its days...
Nevan
The Sorceress of the Abyss
The chordophone birthed from the very womb of the Lightning Witch, the sorceress of The Abyss, the Opera’s Songstress. Its seductive tones lure the weak into the guillotine of its embrace, granting the victim one last jolt of ecstasy before their demise.
Suffice it to say, those incapable of satisfying this succubus of a witch become one of these very victims.
Beowulf
The Lightbeast
Fashioned from the limbs of the Lightbeast and fueled by his insurmountable rage, these armaments of gauntlet and greave grant its wielder the capacity of a ‘blink bruiser’ - a brawler that can flash from enemy to enemy with all the power of one beset with Wrath. A luminescence that burns deeper than flesh, reaches further than the naked eye, and strikes wholly with the mass of a steel volley, it is a weapon befitting of a true master.
As for those finding themselves overcome with the blinding desire for revenge in this soul, they are doomed to follow in the footsteps of this Lightbeast, to fight and maim and kill until there is nothing left for them to fight with.
Alastor
The Spirit of Lightning
A blade with both spirit and mind still intact and functional; only those worthy of it can take control of its power over the roar of the sky, the fang of the darkcast: lightning. As befitting its heft on lightning it grants the user the ability to tap into their reflexive strength and hone it into a proper weapon, striking quickly and many before their foes have a chance to blink. It also powers one’s hidden potential, allowing them to bring it out in full and become a knight of the sky.
All others will be enslaved by its will, becoming little more than a vessel for its power; the soul itself is amplified to feel every last bit of electricity coursing through its being, doomed to suffer until the end of its usefulness.
Ifrit
The Gauntlet of Flame
The explosive burn of these fists are those of the hellfire serpent, the Dragon of the Dark. Its control of hellfire is a sight to behold, able to melt and destroy all things foolish enough to stand against it. While its power destroys those it is used against, the dragon’s master remains forever unharmed and uninhibited; it is but an extension of their own prowess.
But there is a test its master must pass, and if they fail they are shackled by the gauntlets themselves and burned until it is but a cast of hot coal.
Sparda
The Legendary Dark Knight
Long sought after by demon and human alike, and finally in the possession of the one most qualified: the last son of the blade’s master himself. It has the uncanny ability to morph soul and form to suit its owner’s needs of combat; a scythe, spear, sword and shield are but a few of the forms it can take. As its history has seen numerous wielders until this point, Dante has made himself the ‘guardian’ of this weapon to ensure it cannot be used for evil again.
To ensure this, he has ripped his half of the amulet back out from the weapon to render its power dormant; Dante himself is now its guardian.
Gilgamesh
The Shock Steel
Forged of a metal found only within the demon world, which is also said to have been the by-product of an ancient hero’s very flesh. This weapon set aligns itself with the nervous system of the user, sharpening their perception to where they can turn their brutal blows into succinct slices. The more flesh is torn asunder, the more that matter is absorbed into it to strengthen density and raw energy.
Of course this is as double-edged a blade as one can find. This is a weapon that lures in many with a seemingly safe source of power, but the more this weapon is used by those incapable of sustaining it, the more their own flesh is used to feed it.
Pandora
The Calamitous Ordnance
The legend of the foolish woman that opened the box of omen is anything but, and the box was housed in the ‘safety’ of Hell so as to keep other humans from making the same mistake. The box can form into 666 different weapons and is powered by the chaos each unleashes; there is not a being in the universe that can fuel the metaphysical evils of the world, not even its current owner. Unless the user intends to spread mass destruction and mayhem, this is a very 'special circumstance' weapon.
Should one be careless and choose to use the 666th form without closing it back immediately...
Lucifer
The Inexhaustible Sword
From the weapon whose namesake hails from the devil of Pride comes an unending cache of penetrating blades. All but its user are pierced by this weapon’s darts, and upon command will detonate and explode with tremendous force. As it is a weapon tethered to the mental direction of its user they can trail behind them, appear within an instant around the intended target, and when detonated at once will chain into a devastating explosion.
The weak of mind will succumb to the influence of this weapon, driven mad and attacking everyone and everything in sight with no control over their own blades.
Vendetta
The HEAT Striker
The first success in a long line of artificial devil weaponry. Dante possesses the prototype of the Vendetta ICWS, and is able to channel his power through spatial compressors that bypass normal physical properties to destroy any type of protective materials. The blades upon the gloves and boots serve as a rail system in an A.P.P. (accelerated particle projector) system, adding lethal long-range capability to an already vicious CQC capacity.
Dante in particular has displayed the ability to channel massive amounts of power through the regulated charging system and release it in a sustained blast that rips through anything in his path.
Merciless
The Soul Reaver
A key component in a dynamo system created to siphon and regulate the power of Argosax, Merciless is a glaive weapon made out of tungsten and fused together with base devil essence, locked onto a device locked onto his hand. It has become a weapon capable of directly stealing the energy from a living being and converting it into energy required by whatever system it is connected to - in this case, replenishing Dante’s expended devil energy.
Dante also uses it as a tether whenever it becomes lodged into something, warping himself to the weapon and proceeding to wrench it out of the object - or person, or demon - with enough force to tear out a good chunk of it - or simply tear it apart.
Yamato & Vergil
Those Forged Through Darkness
Yamato has seen many owners throughout its days, starting with Sparda. Its strongest bond was established with Vergil, the man that as the most in need and desire of power through which no barrier, even the metaphysical, could stand. From the plane of existence this particular version of the weapon comes from it was more true than ever before, as this world's Vergil managed to kill his brother - and condemned his world to damnation.
The Devil Hunter's mate was stolen by this Vergil in an attempt to get him to come to his world and join him in ruling it. One of those came true, and Dante did follow him - as for ruling together, he answered with a simple cold iron shell to the skull. Now Vergil too is in his posession as an Arm, through which Dante adopts the combined styles of the late Nero and his twin.


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This project is just a color picker that I made with canvas just for learning purpose. Feel free to fork and modify anything you want!
git checkout -b my-new-feature
git commit -m 'Add some feature'
git push origin my-new-feature
MIT License © Max Igor


Shiken Gloomdrake:
Who would bestow the title of Shillien Knight on someone so careless? Letting an assassin get so close!
You couldn't beat a golem without my help.
Galadrid would be upset.
"Are you trying to pick a fight?"


|
Sometimes citizens may need assistance disposing of a large quantity of limbs and other brush that cannot be accommodated through the Call-In Limb Pickup Program. For those occasions, the City of Fairfield also offers its Operation Dump Truck program in an effort to meet those needs.
Under this program, the city will deliver to a city residence a roll-off dump box (or in some cases an actual dump truck) into which the resident may load limbs and other brush for disposal by the city. This service is offered on a first-come, first-served basis. In order to offer this service, the city asks residents to observe the following guidelines:
Schedule a date. Sign up for the service is available at the city's Public Works Department facility located at 8870 North Gilmore Road on a first come first served basis. Normal office hours are 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. Residents will be required to sign a release form when the debris box is reserved. Available dates are generally scheduled far in advance — so be sure to plan ahead. For information, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Dump boxes will not be delivered, picked up or dumped on Saturdays, Sundays or scheduled holidays. The use of a dump box is limited to two consecutive days, and up to two occasions per year, per household. The city will only dump debris boxes once per day.
Be prepared. A dump box will be delivered on the scheduled date between the hours of 7:00 and 8:00 A.M., and pick up will be on the scheduled date between the hours of 1:00 and 2:30 P.M. The dump box will be placed on your driveway for you to load. It is best to cut limbs to no more than four feet in length so that they will fit in the box. Overhanging loads are not permitted. The dimensions of the box are: 8-feet wide, 10-feet long and 42-inches deep.
Include only biodegradable plant materials. No building materials, plastic bags or trash will be accepted. Grass clippings are also prohibited. The resident will be charged if a load is contaminated with trash or other unacceptable materials. Charges will include, but are not limited to, any disposal fees for load separation, and/or labor time and equipment required by city personnel. Violation of these guidelines will result in the termination of the service and the resident will be responsible for removal and disposal of debris. A resident who combines items other than yard waste, will not be permitted to participate in the program in the future.
|
Service Limits
|
|
|
|
Both the Limb Pickup Program and Operation Dump Truck are intended to provide residents an option for normal trimmings and storm damage disposal. Residents contracting with professional tree trimming and removal services should include disposal in their contract since the city is unable to accommodate major disposal needs.
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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 6
Buy the best quality smoked salmon you can for this recipe and have the steaks cut from the centre, at least 1cm/½in thick so that you can get chargrilled lines on both sides of the fish and still leave the centre fairly rare.
For the lemon purée, put the sugar and 850ml/1½ pint water into a saucepan.
Over a low heat, allow the sugar to dissolve and then bring it up to a light simmer for 10 minutes. Remove from the heat and leave to cool. This stock syrup will keep in the fridge for up to a week.
Prick the lemons fairly deeply all over and place into a saucepan with sufficient cold water to cover. Bring to the boil, remove from the heat and allow the lemons to cool in the water. Repeat this twice more using fresh water each time.
Place the lemons into the saucepan again and cover with a third of the stock syrup. Bring to the boil, remove from the heat and allow the lemons to cool in the stock syrup.
Repeat this twice more using fresh stock syrup each time.
Place the lemons together with a few tablespoons of the stock syrup (retain the remaining stock syrup) and blend in a blender until smooth.
Pass through a sieve, taste and add a little more of the retained stock syrup if necessary, store in a squeezy bottle in the fridge.
For the herbed scrambled eggs, break the eggs into a large bowl, beat them well and then push them through a sieve into a heavy based, non-stick saucepan. Add the pieces of butter and set aside.
Place the chives, parsley, tarragon and mint in a bowl.
About 20 minutes before serving, heat the eggs on the lowest possible heat, stirring continuously.
Once the butter has melted, the eggs will start to cook: watch them carefully as they need to be fairly runny when served and will continue to cook after you have taken them off the heat.
Just before serving, add the herbs and salt and pepper, to taste.
For the salmon, heat a heavy-based ridged frying pan until it is nearly smoking.
Place the salmon steaks across the ridges of the pan and press down for no longer than 30 seconds.
Turn the steaks over and repeat on the other side.
To serve, place the salmon onto each plate, pile the eggs alongside with a squeeze of lemon purée.


Kyle Szostek's Student Home Page
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Example Chart using Chart.js
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Load Covid-19 Content


{% extends 'partials/large_card.html' %} {% load static %} {% block extracss %} {% endblock %} {% block extrajs %} {% endblock %} {% block head %}Agencies{% endblock %} {% block top_button %} Create new agency {% endblock %} {% block subhead %} Each organization using the Just Spaces tool should keep one central agency record containing its key attributes and reliable contact information. {% endblock %} {% block card_content %}
| Name | Contact Email | Delete |
|---|---|---|
| {{agency.name}} | {{agency.email}} |


Use this to create initial skeleton instances of an OASIS UBL document created by the OASIS UBL technical committee. The end result will not be schema valid because of the absence of attribute values and certain required values (such as dates). It is expected that the instance displayed will be selected, copied and pasted by you into your favourite XML editor.
This will not read existing instances. This is only for prototyping the overall initial structure of a document.
The hyperlinked question marks will open another browser window and load all of the model information into that window from the OASIS web site. Once loaded, navigation in that window will be quite quick. A suggested mode of operation is to have both windows open and visible at the same time so that each time you click on the question mark the other window updates with the complete model information.
IMPORTANT: This experimental environment may be removed at any time.
Credit: This tool is based on the Saxon-CE (Client Edition) browser-based XSLT 2.0 processor found at http://saxon.sf.net. This powerful tool runs a conforming XSLT 2.0 processor in the browser as compiled JavaScript (hence the performance basis on the speed of your browser).
This program works entirely within the user's browser. At no time is any information sent back to the server. Accessing the page loads the HTML, loads the Saxon-CE processor, loads the stylesheet and loads the model information. Once loaded and the user begins interaction, there is no access to the server. Because of this browser-based approach, your performance is limited to the performance of your JavaScript engine in your browser and the speed of the data connection in order to download the large file of model information. AS A RESULT THIS APPLICATION RUNS MORE SLOWLY THAN SERVER BASED PROGRAMS! Please do not expect the results to be shown quickly, but once shown, it is intended to be very useful information. We welcome suggestions for new features but we will keep in mind the restricted nature of the environment.   Note: for your reference, the above is the "Modified BSD license", this text was obtained 2003-07-26 at http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#5 THE AUTHOR MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS CODE FOR ANY PURPOSE.


{% extends "head.html" %} {% block body %}
You don't seem to belong to any households. Request to join an existing household, or create your own:
(Requests to join households won't work without JavaScript enabled in your browser. Other parts of CuteCasa will also be broken. Sorry.)


Hi! I am a first-year Ph.D. student at Stanford University, co-advised by Chris Manning and Chris Potts. I received my Master's degree from Symbolic Systems Program at Stanford University. Before that, I received my Bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering, and worked in cloud computing.
I am interested in building interpretable and robust NLP systems.


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Increase theta
Decrease theta
Increase phi
Decrease phi


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Have you told yourself "It's just one game"? author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 509 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=509 date: '2009-04-08 07:22:25 +0000' date_gmt: '2009-04-08 13:22:25 +0000' categories: - Relief Pitching tags: - Kosuke Fukudome - Ryan Dempster - W Flag - Kevin Gregg comments: [] ---
The last thing I wanted to do this morning was climb up a cold aluminum ladder to pull down my "W" flag. But there were points last year that I'm sure I jinxed the Cubs by being lazy and leaving it up. That, single-handedly, led to the few Cubs losing streaks...I'm sure of it.
What we saw last night could become a reoccurring theme in 2009. On the nights that the Cubs have difficulty generating offense (that seems to be games that Dempster pitches on the road), the bullpen will hurt us. It's too early to criticize Kevin Gregg. I keep trying to tell myself that about Fukudome, too. If the Cubs can have the patience to let him hang himself, I should be able to do the same. I'm just glad that the Cubs are deep enough to allow him the adequate time to either prove himself or quietly go away.
It's early. I won't allow myself to look at stats or numbers until next Monday. All I know is that I'd be more than happy to climb up that cold aluminum ladder tomorrow morning.


Verify that session IDs are protected.
Protecting session IDs helps protect user sessions from being hijacked.
To verify that session IDs are protected:
Login to the web site. Authenticate as a user to the web application.
Examine the session cookie. Examine the cookies stored by the browser. Find the session cookie. Verify that it has the "secure" and "HTTPOnly" flags set.
Verify that session IDs are not disclosed. Examine logs, error messages, and hyperlinks to make sure that session IDs are not disclosed in them.
To protect session IDs:
Store session IDs in cookies. This is done automatically by virutally every web application platform. Make sure not to store the session IDs in any other user-accessible parameters.
Enable TLS. TLS has to be enabled to protect session cookies from eavesdropping attacks. Please, refer to the documentation for your web platform for information about enabling and configuring TLS on your web server.
Set the "Secure" flag on session cookies. Configure the platform to set the "Secure" flag on session cookies or do it programmatically whenever session cookies are created.
Set the "HTTPOnly" flag on session cookies. Configure the platform to the set the "HTTPOnly" flag on session cookies or do it programmatically whenever session cookies are created.
Do not disclose session IDs. Make sure that session IDs are not disclosed in URLs, logs, or error messages. Do not allow URL rewriting of session cookies.


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March <. COVID- cases data deaths correlation Trends Pearson value {border-style coefficients countries time px;} #ffffff;} United (r) Î�/Î‘ European health Figure Italy []. Health coronavirus new death disease online daily regions total Kingdom Spain, affected case cases, country public regional spread Table px; {font-family (ie, Changes February France, Germany, Italian Italy, Med Public correlations critical deaths. font-size infodemiology measures nowcasting Chinese Internet January double; pandemic reported results tracking worldwide China Daily Infodemiology [], based border-color border-width changes deaths, examined frames identified information respiratory retrieved search significant solid; starts study toll used using virus {font-style {font-weight Europe, Note Rese./jmir. Time Topic analysis approaches bold care countries, courier; data. em; essential followed high increasing methods novel official pandemic, period point point, preparedness pt;} relationship selected set statistically use â€".


This file will load /etc/passwd as an example. Leaking it is just a matter of sending a cross-origin request, much like leaking cookies.
Here is its contents:


2 Samuel 1:11
Then David took hold on his clothes, and rent them; and likewise all the men that were with him:


Reset Temperature
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Weather Display


| Fig 1 |
Map exhibiting the geographic distribution of sampling sites ... |
| Fig 2 |
Latitudinal trends in female size at maturity in A. pisonii ... |
| Fig 3 |
Body size distribution patterns. Includes all Aratus pisonii ... |
| Fig 4 |
Proportion of gravid females. Proportion of ovigerous female ... |
| Fig 5 |
Mean Aratus pisonii egg volume (mm 3) of recently extruded, ... |
| Fig 6 |
Comparison of Aratus pisonii larval survival. Kaplan-Meier c ... |
| Fig 7 |
Relationship between maternal carapace width (mm) and fecund ... |
| Fig 8 |
Size-specific predation pressure on individuals of Aratus pi ... |


Gate training at Appalachian each Friday evening before a Boone Area Crescent Race. Contact Ken L.
Dec. 02-09, 2017 CSC Racing’s Race Camp at Steamboat - START PLANNING NOW AND CALL SARA OR GO ONLINE AT S.A.T. TO RESERVE YOUR SPACE!


--- layout: post title: Storyboard doodles date: '2015-11-13T18:30:53+01:00' categories: - Sketches - Sketchbooks - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/133163051300/Storyboards-doodles ---
Storyboard doodles.


--- layout: page title: "URI Scheme for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Short Message Service (SMS)" description: "This memo specifies the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme \"sms\" for specifying one or more recipients for an SMS message. SMS messages are two-way paging messages that can be sent from and received by a mobile phone or a suitably equipped networked device." ---
| Document Name: | RFC 5724 |
|---|---|
| Document URI: |
urn:ietf:rfc:5724
|
| Online Version: |
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5724
|
| Organization: | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) |
| Series: | Request for Comments (RFC) |
| Abstract: | This memo specifies the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) scheme "sms" for specifying one or more recipients for an SMS message. SMS messages are two-way paging messages that can be sent from and received by a mobile phone or a suitably equipped networked device. |
sms
Return to ( Series | Organization | all Specifications )


SQLAlchemy provides abstractions for most common database data types, and a mechanism for specifying your own custom data types.
The methods and attributes of type objects are rarely used directly. Type objects are supplied to Table definitions and can be supplied as type hints to functions for occasions where the database driver returns an incorrect type.
>>> users = Table('users', metadata,
... Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True)
... Column('login', String(32))
... )
SQLAlchemy will use the Integer and String(32) type information when issuing a CREATE TABLE statement and will use it again when reading back rows SELECTed from the database. Functions that accept a type (such as Column()) will typically accept a type class or instance; Integer is equivalent to Integer() with no construction arguments in this case.
Generic types specify a column that can read, write and store a particular type of Python data. SQLAlchemy will choose the best database column type available on the target database when issuing a CREATE TABLE statement. For complete control over which column type is emitted in CREATE TABLE, such as VARCHAR see SQL Standard Types and the other sections of this chapter.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Concatenable, sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
The base for all string and character types.
In SQL, corresponds to VARCHAR. Can also take Python unicode objects and encode to the database’s encoding in bind params (and the reverse for result sets.)
The length field is usually required when the String type is used within a CREATE TABLE statement, as VARCHAR requires a length on most databases.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.String
A variable length Unicode string.
The Unicode type is a String which converts Python unicode objects (i.e., strings that are defined as u'somevalue') into encoded bytestrings when passing the value to the database driver, and similarly decodes values from the database back into Python unicode objects.
When using the Unicode type, it is only appropriate to pass Python unicode objects, and not plain str. If a bytestring (str) is passed, a runtime warning is issued. If you notice your application raising these warnings but you’re not sure where, the Python warnings filter can be used to turn these warnings into exceptions which will illustrate a stack trace:
import warnings
warnings.simplefilter('error')
Bytestrings sent to and received from the database are encoded using the dialect’s encoding, which defaults to utf-8.
A synonym for String(length, convert_unicode=True, assert_unicode=’warn’).
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.String
A variably sized string type.
In SQL, usually corresponds to CLOB or TEXT. Can also take Python unicode objects and encode to the database’s encoding in bind params (and the reverse for result sets.)
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Text
A synonym for Text(convert_unicode=True, assert_unicode=’warn’).
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for int integers.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Integer
A type for smaller int integers.
Typically generates a SMALLINT in DDL, and otherwise acts like a normal Integer on the Python side.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for fixed precision numbers.
Typically generates DECIMAL or NUMERIC. Returns decimal.Decimal objects by default.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Numeric
A type for float numbers.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for datetime.datetime() objects.
Date and time types return objects from the Python datetime module. Most DBAPIs have built in support for the datetime module, with the noted exception of SQLite. In the case of SQLite, date and time types are stored as strings which are then converted back to datetime objects when rows are returned.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for datetime.date() objects.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for datetime.time() objects.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeDecorator
A type for datetime.timedelta() objects.
The Interval type deals with datetime.timedelta objects. In PostgreSQL, the native INTERVAL type is used; for others, the value is stored as a date which is relative to the “epoch” (Jan. 1, 1970).
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A bool datatype.
Boolean typically uses BOOLEAN or SMALLINT on the DDL side, and on the Python side deals in True or False.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
A type for binary byte data.
The Binary type generates BLOB or BYTEA when tables are created, and also converts incoming values using the Binary callable provided by each DB-API.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.MutableType, sqlalchemy.types.TypeDecorator
Holds Python objects.
PickleType builds upon the Binary type to apply Python’s pickle.dumps() to incoming objects, and pickle.loads() on the way out, allowing any pickleable Python object to be stored as a serialized binary field.
The SQL standard types always create database column types of the same name when CREATE TABLE is issued. Some types may not be supported on all databases.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Integer
The SQL INT or INTEGER type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.String
The SQL CHAR type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.String
The SQL VARCHAR type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Unicode
The SQL NCHAR type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Float
The SQL FLOAT type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Numeric
The SQL NUMERIC type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Numeric
The SQL DECIMAL type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.DateTime
The SQL TIMESTAMP type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.DateTime
The SQL DATETIME type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Text
The SQL CLOB type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Binary
The SQL BLOB type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Boolean
The SQL BOOLEAN type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.SmallInteger
The SQL SMALLINT type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Date
The SQL DATE type.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.Time
The SQL TIME type.
Database-specific types are also available for import from each database’s dialect module. See the sqlalchemy.databases reference for the database you’re interested in.
For example, MySQL has a BIGINTEGER type and PostgreSQL has an INET type. To use these, import them from the module explicitly:
from sqlalchemy.databases.mysql import MSBigInteger, MSEnum
table = Table('foo', meta,
Column('id', MSBigInteger),
Column('enumerates', MSEnum('a', 'b', 'c'))
)
Or some PostgreSQL types:
from sqlalchemy.databases.postgres import PGInet, PGArray
table = Table('foo', meta,
Column('ipaddress', PGInet),
Column('elements', PGArray(str))
)
User-defined types may be created to match special capabilities of a particular database or simply for implementing custom processing logic in Python.
The simplest method is implementing a TypeDecorator, a helper class that makes it easy to augment the bind parameter and result processing capabilities of one of the built in types.
To build a type object from scratch, subclass :class:TypeEngine.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.AbstractType
Allows the creation of types which add additional functionality to an existing type.
Typical usage:
import sqlalchemy.types as types
class MyType(types.TypeDecorator):
# Prefixes Unicode values with "PREFIX:" on the way in and
# strips it off on the way out.
impl = types.Unicode
def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect):
return "PREFIX:" + value
def process_result_value(self, value, dialect):
return value[7:]
def copy(self):
return MyType(self.impl.length)
The class-level “impl” variable is required, and can reference any TypeEngine class. Alternatively, the load_dialect_impl() method can be used to provide different type classes based on the dialect given; in this case, the “impl” variable can reference TypeEngine as a placeholder.
The reason that type behavior is modified using class decoration instead of subclassing is due to the way dialect specific types are used. Such as with the example above, when using the mysql dialect, the actual type in use will be a sqlalchemy.databases.mysql.MSString instance. TypeDecorator handles the mechanics of passing the values between user-defined process_ methods and the current dialect-specific type in use.
Given an operator from the sqlalchemy.sql.operators package, translate it to a new operator based on the semantics of this type.
By default, returns the operator unchanged.
Loads the dialect-specific implementation of this type.
by default calls dialect.type_descriptor(self.impl), but can be overridden to provide different behavior.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.AbstractType
Base for built-in types.
May be sub-classed to create entirely new types. Example:
import sqlalchemy.types as types
class MyType(types.TypeEngine):
def __init__(self, precision = 8):
self.precision = precision
def get_col_spec(self):
return "MYTYPE(%s)" % self.precision
def bind_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return value
return process
def result_processor(self, dialect):
def process(value):
return value
return process
Once the type is made, it’s immediately usable:
table = Table('foo', meta,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('data', MyType(16))
)
Given an operator from the sqlalchemy.sql.operators package, translate it to a new operator based on the semantics of this type.
By default, returns the operator unchanged.
Return a conversion function for processing bind values.
Returns a callable which will receive a bind parameter value as the sole positional argument and will return a value to send to the DB-API.
If processing is not necessary, the method should return None.
Return the corresponding type object from the underlying DB-API, if any.
This can be useful for calling setinputsizes(), for example.
Return True if the target Python type is ‘mutable’.
This allows systems like the ORM to know if a column value can be considered ‘not changed’ by comparing the identity of objects alone.
Use the MutableType mixin or override this method to return True in custom types that hold mutable values such as dict, list and custom objects.
Return a conversion function for processing result row values.
Returns a callable which will receive a result row column value as the sole positional argument and will return a value to return to the user.
If processing is not necessary, the method should return None.
Bases: object
Given an operator from the sqlalchemy.sql.operators package, translate it to a new operator based on the semantics of this type.
By default, returns the operator unchanged.
Return the corresponding type object from the underlying DB-API, if any.
This can be useful for calling setinputsizes(), for example.
Return True if the target Python type is ‘mutable’.
This allows systems like the ORM to know if a column value can be considered ‘not changed’ by comparing the identity of objects alone.
Use the MutableType mixin or override this method to return True in custom types that hold mutable values such as dict, list and custom objects.
Bases: object
A mixin that marks a Type as holding a mutable object.
copy_value() and compare_values() should be customized as needed to match the needs of the object.
Bases: object
A mixin that marks a type as supporting ‘concatenation’, typically strings.
Bases: sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine
An unknown type.
NullTypes will stand in if Table reflection encounters a column data type unknown to SQLAlchemy. The resulting columns are nearly fully usable: the DB-API adapter will handle all translation to and from the database data type.
NullType does not have sufficient information to particpate in a CREATE TABLE statement and will raise an exception if encountered during a create() operation.


Add these arguments to the --test_arg
when executed by bazel test.
(List of strings; optional; subject to
$(location) and
"Make variable" substitution, and
Bourne shell tokenization)
These arguments are passed before the --test_arg values
specified on the bazel test command line.


Week 5
Week 5 entails a mini-project which covers framing the research question, doing exploratory data analysis and answering the research question with the help of statistical inference.
0.15 Setup
0.15.1 Load packages
0.16 Part 1: Data
Describe how the observations in the sample are collected, and the implications of this data collection method on the scope of inference (generalizability / causality)?
The data was collected by full probability sampling commonly called random sampling across years by helding personal interviews. Within this, there were stratified samplings by different parameters like age, region, race, income. This is an interview survey so it is voluntary and nothing is controlled which makes it an observational study. This can be generalized to the United States population and statistical significance can be found to know the extent to which the samples’ data is representative of the entire US population. Causal inference can’t be derived as there is no random assignment rather there are observations of independently and randomly made samples. There is also non-response subsampling which would help in reducing the non-response bias. Reducing this bias assures the statistical significance and makes the chosen samples more representative of the entire US population.
0.17 Part 2: Research question
Is there an association between race of the respondent and natrace (an attitudinal measure about Improving the conditions of blacks)?
natrace has 3 levels: Too Little, About Right, Too Much
This is of interest because:
The association if it exists helps us understand to further engineer the variables and create new variables for predictive models. More importantly, the statistical inference within the sample represents the entire population which otherwise would not be known. This is also for a quantitative find about how the race of a person makes the reply to this question of interest in the variable natrace
.
0.18 Part 3: Exploratory data analysis
#filtering out null values
conting_sb <- gss %>%
filter(!is.na(natrace), !is.na(race))
#segmented bar plot
ggplot(conting_sb, aes(x = race)) + geom_bar(aes(fill = natrace), position = 'fill') + labs(x = "race", y = "proportion of natrace response")
Narrative:
The proportion of blacks who has the opinion that ‘Too little’ is spent on improving the conditions of blacks is much higher compared to ‘Whites’ and Other races. This matched my intuition. To understand if this is statistically significant, we will find out the association between these variables using chi-square test of independence. There is mosaic plot too coming up which best represents the contingency table.
0.19 Part 4: Inference
Hypotheses:
H0: There is no association between the categorical variables race
and natrace
.
HA: There is a relationship between the categorical variables race
and natrace
.
##
## Too Little About Right Too Much
## White 6532 12447 5884
## Black 3470 772 78
## Other 456 525 145
Conditions:
Independence:
- Random sampling of the entire sample was mentioned in the GSS study.
- When it comes to each group, by seeing the contingency table above, the number of cases are definitely less than 10% of respective populations. The respective populations would be way higher.
- Each case definitely contributed to one specific case and to remove any ambiguity the
NA
values have been filtered out.
Sample size:
Each particular cell has greater than or equal to 5 cases as per the contingency table.
cont <- as.table(as.matrix(ct))
mosaicplot(cont, shade = TRUE, las=2, main = "Mosaic Plot between race and natrace")
Higher standardized residuals means higher frequency of cases indicated by blue color boxes. Majority of whites are categorized under ‘About Right’ or ‘Too Much’ category while majortiy of blacks are categorized under ‘Too Little’
Method to be used and why and how:
We will be using chi-square test of independence to find out the relationship between these two categorical variables. Both the variables have more than 2 categorical levels and the conditions for the test of independence (TOI) are satisfied.
# Calculating chi-square statistic and the corresponding p-value
chisq_race_natrace <- chisq.test(ct)
chisq_race_natrace
##
## Pearson's Chi-squared test
##
## data: ct
## X-squared = 4873.7, df = 4, p-value < 2.2e-16
##
## Too Little About Right Too Much
## White 8578.88 11274.44 5009.68
## Black 1490.60 1958.96 870.44
## Other 388.52 510.60 226.88
Results:
Based on the high value of chi-square statistic and the degrees of freedom under consideration, we have a p-value which is very tiny compared to the 5% significance level. This implies there is a clear association/ relationship between the variables race
and natrace
. Further analysis can be carried out to find out if it is a positive correlation or a negative correlation. Hoping to learn that soon. The confidence interval calcualtion is not included as it not associated with chi-square testing and that is because chi-square distribution is always right skewed. New techniques have to be implemented to make the distribution normal and then CLT or confidence interval can be applied.
Created by: Akshay Kotha


Homebuyers in China were promised ‘park views’ … the property company built a plastic lake
by Mandy Zuo, South China Morning PostHomebuyers promised “park views” in a new residential development were in for a shock on the weekend when they picked up the keys to their flats in central China.
Instead of the “high vegetation cover” and “park lifestyle” the real estate developer promised, the new owners discovered a public area covered in a blue plastic material to look like a lake and a small timber bridge on the paving, Hunan Satellite TV’s City Channel reported on Sunday.
“So I’m supposed to be standing in the middle of blue water, which in fact doesn’t exist. There is no rock or plants,” one owner said.
In a larger area, grass block paving, covered with yellow mud and dotted with withered turf blanketed an area that should have been grass.
“We’re very unhappy about these grass block pavers. They’re usually used for driveways or car parks,” another disgruntled homeowner said, adding that they posed a danger to children and the elderly.
“But this is not the car park area. It’s the open area right outside each building gate, and they call it vegetation.”
The developer, Changsha Shiji Yujing Real Estate, responded that it had never promised an artificial lake inside the community, although its brochure suggested a natural idyll.
“The days pass slowly, as if you’ve fallen into Peach Blossom Land,” the promotional material read, referring to an ancient fable.
A company staff member said the grass block paving was built according to government standards. “We did so because we need to take into account both fire safety requirements and landscaping needs,” the employee said.
The subdistrict office administering the community had organised a meeting with representatives of the owners and would work with fire and urban planning departments to solve the issues, the report said.
Read also:
- Sellers of Singapore’s largest residential site are wooing China developers – with a US$1.5 billion asking price
- Zara was forced to explain itself after Chinese netizens said its feature of a freckle-faced top model was insulting
- Chinese consumers spend US$22 billion in first nine hours of Alibaba’s Singles’ Day shopping event


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
Bulk Reservation Confirmation
{{ request.user.profile.location }}
{{ resource.name }}
{% if conflicts %}
Conflicts
Aion was not able to reserve the following resources because they
have been reserved by another user:
| Block | Date | Reserved By |
{% for conflict in conflicts %}
| {{ conflict.time_block.name }} |
{{ conflict.date }} |
{{ conflict.client }} |
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% if successes %}
Successes
Aion was able to successfully create the following reservations:
| Block | Date |
{% for success in successes %}
| {{ success.time_block.name }} | {{ success.date }} |
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}


Expose your Chrome
Open a tab to be someone else for 10 seconds,
but they might become you.
Download the Chrome extension from GitHub


{% extends "account/base.html" %} {% block title %} Password Reset {% endblock %} {% block content %}
We have sent you an e-mail with instruction to reset your password.


Before Change
// The test is inspired from scipy docstring of detrend function
def test_clean_detrending():
randgen = np.random.RandomState(0)
npoints = 1e3
noise = randgen.randn(npoints)
x = 2 * np.linspace(0, 1, npoints) + noise
x_detrended = signals.clean([x], standardize=False, detrend=True,
low_pass=None)[0]
x_undetrended = signals.clean([x], standardize=False, low_pass=None)[0]
assert_false((x_undetrended - noise).max() < 0.06)
After Change
// This test is inspired from scipy docstring of detrend function
def test_clean_detrending():
point_number = 1000
signals, noises, _ = generate_signals(feature_number=1,
length=point_number)
trend = np.atleast_2d(np.linspace(0, 2., point_number)).T
x = signals + trend


Jury unanimous: Guilty verdict in Millane trial
Grace Millane was murdered by the man she met on a Tinder date, the jury has ruled.
Read more on the trial:
The decision was unanimous. The jury took about five hours to reach its decision.
Her parents were in the public gallery for the verdict.
The 27-year-old man stood motionless in the dock as the verdict was read out.
He was remanded in custody for sentencing on February 21.
The verdict ends nearly a year of heartbreak for the British backpacker's family.
Justice Moore told the jury it had been a particularly difficult trial and discharged them from further jury service for the next seven years.
She had set out on her OE and had only been in New Zealand for 10 days when her life was cruelly snuffed out during sex with a man, 27, she had met earlier that night on Tinder. She died on the eve of her 22nd birthday in December last year.
The Crown said her killer spent five to 10 minutes strangling her and then took "trophy" photos of her body. He then created a "labyrinth of storytelling and lies" while calmly disposing of her body and other evidence.
After Millane died, her killer searched on Google for "hottest fire".
Several pornography sites were then accessed and videos viewed.
At 1.59am on the night she died a photo of a naked woman was taken using his phone.
Further internet searches included "car hire Auckland", "time in London", "large sports bags", "flesh-eating birds" and "are there vultures in New Zealand?"
Earlier this afternoon, the High Court at Auckland jury had returned to the court to ask the judge a question - and the jury foreperson had indicated that a verdict would not be be far away.
Justice Simon Moore provided his closing remarks and directions to the jury this morning.
After deliberating for the afternoon the jury knocked on the courtroom door to ask a question.
They asked: "Does 'when he applied pressure' referring to when he started to apply pressure at the beginning or can it refer to any time when he applied pressure?"
Justice Moore said: "It is not limited to the beginning. It can be at any time during the application of force leading to death."
The jury's foreperson told the judge and court that their deliberation wouldn't take much longer and they were likely to reach a verdict this evening.
The Crown alleges the accused strangled the British backpacker to death and then took "trophy" photos of her body.
But the defence claims the 27-year-old "freaked out" after an accidental death during sex.


A place for general developer talk – for everyone! | Documentation https://developers.komodoplatform.com | MoreDev Docs - https://docs.komodoplatform.com | Mastering CryptoConditions - https://github.com/KomodoPlatform/Mastering_CryptoConditions
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:50 PM
so the hivemind seems like the only other robust solution? I like your approach but I am not sure how things converge to Reality without external arbiter
zack23-Mar-19 04:51 PM
well, when I apply the theory of trust paper I wrote today, I am calculaing that hivemind is 3.1
it isn't as good as I had thought
Amoveo is still 1.1
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:52 PM
can you explain how false data is rejected in your system?
zack23-Mar-19 04:52 PM
In Amoveo we have a basic assumption that if the network forks, the more honest side will have higher valued tokens.
we can use that price difference as the ultimate arbiter
then we have lots of tricks to make it scalable
it is a nakamoto consensus based oracle
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:53 PM
yes, but the miners dont seem to be paying attention to the state of the oracle
or are they somehow and I missed that part
a lot of the oracles end up not going to true or false
zack23-Mar-19 04:54 PM
our scalability tricks protect the miners from having to pay attention in almost every case
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:54 PM
ok, so i create an oracle "Mar 23 2019 is a Tuesday"
what happens next?
attacker wants this to be true
zack23-Mar-19 04:55 PM
oh, so for this example, lets say that I commit to paying you $1000, if the on-chain result of the oracle is "true"
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:56 PM
this payment is combined with the creation of the oracle or is it a "side bet"?
zack23-Mar-19 04:56 PM
your best strategy is to do nothing, because if you waste money in the oracle it doesn't increase you odds of getting the $1000
its enforced by a handshake based on our mutual respect
if you try making bets in the oracle, it escalates the situation.
It creates a prize for others to come and bet against you
the ability to escalate is what makes it so scalable
jl777c23-Mar-19 04:57 PM
so someone bets $1 that it is true, this pushes it towards true?
A blockchain for trust-free markets in financial derivatives - zack-bitcoin/amoveo
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:05 PM
having everything being even odds, i guess that just makes the questions needing to be 50/50 type of odds to get optimal volumes
zack23-Mar-19 05:06 PM
yeah, the order book is super simple this way. it only stores one kind of trade at a time.
well, we aren't trying to get volume
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:06 PM
practically speaking how do the miners choose the winning fork?
zack23-Mar-19 05:06 PM
we just want to measure if theh price is above below 50-50
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:07 PM
at some point it seems they need to answer the question themselves or ask someone else to do it for them
zack23-Mar-19 05:07 PM
currently, miners make that choice by deciding which version of the full node to run
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:07 PM
what if there are hundreds of oracles per day?
zack23-Mar-19 05:08 PM
the nash equilibrium for every individual oracle is that the miner will never have to think about it.
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:08 PM
combinatorial explosion of forks, or whoever runs the reference version is basically determining the accuracy
zack23-Mar-19 05:08 PM
the cost of escalating an oracle to the point where a miner would have to care is very expensive. probably tens of thousands of dollars at first, and it will get more expensive every time you do it.
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:09 PM
ok so back to the mar 23 is tuesday oracle, it has $1 saying its true
zack23-Mar-19 05:09 PM
people will see the profit opportunity and bet against you to prevent you from causing mischief
I would be willing to bet up to all the VEO I own against you
if you kept upping the bets
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:09 PM
there is a sidebet of $1000
but if nobody bothered for the $1, it becomes the value of true?
zack23-Mar-19 05:10 PM
if no one makes any bets, and no one alerts the miners or the miners don't care, then it would resolve to true
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:11 PM
then any offchain sidebets are resolved improperly...
zack23-Mar-19 05:11 PM
I happen to know that you have a vested interest, so I would bet the $1 against you in the hope you would keep upping it and I could earn even more
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:11 PM
yes, so you fill my order for $1, now there is $2 onchain at stake and no orders
zack23-Mar-19 05:12 PM
if someone has an offchain bet on the result of the oracle, usually they take their money out of the bet as soon as they know the result. which is long before the oracle resolves
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:12 PM
then it would resolve to bad question
zack23-Mar-19 05:12 PM
you can't completely get rid of the financial incentive, because the initial liquidity cost of making the oracle initially, that becomes the final bet in the market. and it always bets on the losing side.
so you can always earn at least that much my changing it from incorrect to correct
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:13 PM
i noticed that, it bets on the losing side, so actually posting false oracle means you get your money back?
oh, somebody else would bet on it being false to collect the free money
zack23-Mar-19 05:14 PM
right
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:14 PM
and the losing side becomes that it was true!
very clever
zack23-Mar-19 05:15 PM
the oracle initial fee is a governance variable. the community can use futarchy to change it
it used to be higher, now it is very low
maybe it is too low now
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:15 PM
it seems expensive if it is $1.50
not practical for a once per minute data stream
zack23-Mar-19 05:16 PM
you ask the oracle what the price of bitcoin will be in a month, once.
Then you can trade assets who are determined by that oracle for the entire duration of that month
each oracle provides 1 bit of data
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:17 PM
but I want to have things like the price of bitcoin on Mar 23 at 1200 GMT was $4000
and having a minute by minute update so we can get data for trading charts
zack23-Mar-19 05:17 PM
so you don't need to trust some guy who makes promises about what the current price of bitcoin is.
Instead you can just buy some synthetic bitcoin, knowing that they will have the right price because of incentives.
why would you want to push untrusted trading chart data through a blockchain?
just make a normal website with a trading chart
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:18 PM
accurate price data is very valuable
so a trustless price data would be very very useful
zack23-Mar-19 05:19 PM
a trusted feed doesn't have guarantees of accuracy
you can find out the current price by going to a market
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:19 PM
unless each data point was an oracle
there is no single price, it is statiscal distribution
and depends on volume
zack23-Mar-19 05:20 PM
Price is usually a field. goods change value by location.
like temperature
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:21 PM
so we start getting into ambiguous oracle questions, with a strict exact price, it could reasonably be both true or false
zack23-Mar-19 05:21 PM
the price of bitcoin would be expressed as a 10 bit value. each bit from a different oracle
as long as oracle questions are useful in 99% of cases, it doesn't matter if 1% is ambiguous.
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:22 PM
so i guess the oracle statement would need to have a +/- error factor to make it less ambiguous
the median price would be 50% ambiguous
zack23-Mar-19 05:23 PM
the oracle question is in english, you can ask whatever you want
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:23 PM
so what happens with the bitcoin price was exactly $4000? bets on either side is reasonable
zack23-Mar-19 05:23 PM
there price of VEO is very different on the different exchanges. It isn't completely clear how the lower bits of the oracle should resolve
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:24 PM
(assume current median price is $4000)
zack23-Mar-19 05:24 PM
if you ask whether bitcoin is above/below $4000, but it is exactly at $4000, I think that it doesn't matter which way the oracle resolves. Either is fine.
jl777c23-Mar-19 05:25 PM
how do you prevent a chain split in the case of big money on both sides of the 50% ambiguous oracle?
zack23-Mar-19 05:25 PM
When you hedge your risk, these super rare instances aren't so important.
Hedging 99% of your risk is a lot better than 0%
Just because you can't get 100% doesn't mean you should go with 0%.
Why would people invest lots of money in an ambiguous result?


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EARTH (1998)
Rating: 3.5 stars (out of 4.0) ******************************** Key to rating system: 2.0 stars - Debatable 2.5 stars - Some people may like it 3.0 stars - I liked it 3.5 stars - I am biased in favor of the movie 4.0 stars - I felt the movie's impact personally or it stood out ********************************* A Movie Review by David Sunga
Directed by: Deepa Mehta
Written by: Deepa Mehta, based on the book CRACKING INDIA by Bapsi Sidhwa
Starring: Maaia Sethna, Nandita Das, Aamir Khan, Rahul Khanna
Synopsis: EARTH is a coming of age story and a love story set in 1947, in India, just as the British colonialists are about to pull out and divide the greater territory of India into mostly Muslim Pakistan and mostly Hindu India. The story is seen through the eyes of Lenny (Maaia Sethna), a pampered, 8-year old rich girl who initially has no idea what is happening. Lenny follows around her beautiful nanny Shanta (Nandita Das), who is being wooed by a group of male friends and suitors of differing religions and ethnicities, since their city is initially a multicultural mosaic of Hindus, Muslims, Parsees, and Sikhs.
The upcoming partition of the territory gives rise to a creeping ethnic tension, and soon the good-natured ribbing of the past gives way to overpowering forces of chaos and strife. Through it all, Lenny sticks by Shanta, who comes to symbolize colonial India itself: torn by competing lovers and visions, lusted after by good men and evil men alike.
Opinion: You've seen epic-type love stories: LAST OF THE MOHICANS; TITANIC; WEST SIDE STORY; et cetera. EARTH is one of the better ones. On the minus side, the deliberate plate-breaking scene seems a little precocious for an 8-year-old kid (to be metaphorically pondering separatist movements), and maybe 10 minutes of extra scenery can be edited. But there are a heck of a lot more positives.
Canadian/Indian director Deepa Mehta does a brilliant job resurrecting the look and the inflamed passions of 1947. EARTH is visually spectacular and haunting, with good music, scenery and acting. Its themes of true love, chaos, and racial strife resonate as strongly today in 1999 as they do in the movie setting of 50 years ago. EARTH the kind of movie you see, think about, and see again, because it's an excellent love story and because there are no easy answers.
One theme of EARTH is the idea of multiculturalism as a personal, moral decision. As an example, these days it's considered okay to encourage people to prepare for high tech culture: i.e. to study English, math, and computers, and get rewarded with big money scholarships and high-paying jobs. There are people who prefer alternate culture in the form of low tech lifestyles and hobbies, but it's unethical to persecute them. We no longer stomp to their doors carrying torches and hatchets, to hustle them to draconian internment camps and relocation centers, imprison their leaders for "reeducation," torture their spokesmen, rape their women, burn or confiscate their homes, or declare them enemies of national unity until they conform to high tech culture. 1947 or 1999, no matter what country we live in or how it is partitioned, we all have a moral choice whether to live together and actively encourage common culture and standards yet tolerate multiculture (majority rule, minority rights); or, on the other hand, to create a common culture through the ruthless and deliberate extermination of rival culture on our turf, i.e. through ethnic cleansing, genocide, intimidation, and repression.
Does passionate, individual true love conquer all, or do big, epic forces get in the way? See the movie. Then get the video and watch it back to back with SAVING PRIVATE RYAN. Powerful film, recalling a powerful and relevant era enable us to openly discuss human nature and hopefully avoid repeating mistakes of the past.
Reviewed by David Sunga September 20, 1999
Copyright © 1999 by David Sunga This review and others like it can be found at THE CRITIC ZOO: http://www.criticzoo.com email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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len_white(3f) - [M_strings:LENGTH] get length of string trimmed of whitespace. (LICENSE:PD)
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integer function len_white(string)
character(len=*) :: string
len_white(3f) returns the position of the last character in string that is not a whitespace character. The Fortran90 intrinsic LEN_TRIM() should be used when trailing whitespace can be assumed to always be spaces.This procedure was heavily used in the past because ANSI FORTRAN 77 character objects are fixed length and blank padded and the LEN_TRIM() intrinsic did not exist. It should now be used only when whitespace characters other than blanks are likely.
string input string whose trimmed length is being calculated ignoring all trailing whitespace characters.
len_white the number of characters in the trimmed string
Sample Program:
program demo_len_whiteResults:use M_strings, only : len_white implicit none character(len=80) :: s integer :: lgth, lastnb intrinsic len
s= ABCDEFG abcdefg lgth = len(s) lastnb = len_white(s)
write(*,*) total length of variable is ,lgth write(*,*) trimmed length of variable is ,lastnb write(*,*) trimmed string=[,s(:lastnb),]
end program demo_len_white
total length of variable is 80 trimmed length of variable is 16 trimmed string=[ ABCDEFG abcdefg]
o len_white is a resource-intensive routine. Once the end of the string is found, it is probably best to keep track of it in order to avoid repeated calls to len_white. Because they might be more efficient, consider looking for vendor-supplied or system-optimized equivalents. For example:o lnblnk - Solaris f77 o len_trim - FORTRAN 90
o Some compilers seem to have trouble passing a string of variable length properly. To be safe, use something like this: subroutine message(s) character(len=*) :: s ! s is of variable length lgth=len(s) ! get total length of variable ! explicitly specify a substring instead of just variable name lastnb = len_white(s(:lgth)) write(*,*)error:[,s(:lastnb),] end subroutine messages
John S. Urban
Public Domain
| Nemo Release 3.1 | len_white (3) | July 22, 2023 |