Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (June 26, 2023)
Raise an exception if illegal characters are provide to redirect_to [CVE-2023-28362]
Zack Deveau
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (March 13, 2023)
- No changes.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (January 24, 2023)
Fix
domain: :all
for two letter TLDThis fixes a compatibility issue introduced in our previous security release when using
domain: :all
with a two letter but single level top level domain domain (like.ca
, rather than.co.uk
).
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (January 17, 2023)
Avoid regex backtracking on If-None-Match header
[CVE-2023-22795]
Use string#split instead of regex for domain parts
[CVE-2023-22792]
Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022)
- No changes.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (July 12, 2022)
- No changes.
Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022)
- No changes.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (April 26, 2022)
Allow Content Security Policy DSL to generate for API responses.
Tim Wade
Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022)
Fix
content_security_policy
returning invalid directives.Directives such as
self
,unsafe-eval
and few others were not single quoted when the directive was the result of calling a lambda returning an array.content_security_policy do |policy| policy.frame_ancestors lambda { [:self, "https://example.com"] } end
With this fix the policy generated from above will now be valid.
Edouard Chin
Update
HostAuthorization
middleware to render debug info only whenconfig.consider_all_requests_local
is set to true.Also, blocked host info is always logged with level
error
.Fixes #42813.
Nikita Vyrko
Dup arrays that get "converted".
Fixes #43681.
Aaron Patterson
Don't show deprecation warning for equal paths.
Anton Rieder
Fix crash in
::ActionController::Instrumentation
with invalid HTTP formats.Fixes #43094.
Alex Ghiculescu
Add fallback host for SystemTestCase driven by RackTest.
Fixes #42780.
Petrik de Heus
Add more detail about what hosts are allowed.
Alex Ghiculescu
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (March 08, 2022)
- No changes.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (February 11, 2022)
- No changes.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (February 11, 2022)
Under certain circumstances, the middleware isn't informed that the response body has been fully closed which result in request state not being fully reset before the next request
[CVE-2022-23633]
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (December 15, 2021)
- Fix issue with host protection not allowing host with port in development.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (December 14, 2021)
- Fix issue with host protection not allowing localhost in development.
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (December 14, 2021)
- Fix X_FORWARDED_HOST protection. [CVE-2021-44528]
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (August 19, 2021)
[CVE-2021-22942] Fix possible open redirect in Host Authorization middleware.
Specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.
Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021)
Ignore file fixtures on
db:fixtures:load
Kevin Sjöberg
Fix ActionController::Live controller test deadlocks by removing the body buffer size limit for tests.
Dylan Thacker-Smith
Correctly place optional path parameter booleans.
Previously, if you specify a url parameter that is part of the path as false it would include that part of the path as parameter for example:
get "(/optional/:optional_id)/things" => "foo#foo", as: :things things_path(optional_id: false) # => /things?optional_id=false
After this change, true and false will be treated the same when used as optional path parameters. Meaning now:
get '(this/:my_bool)/that' as: :that that_path(my_bool: true) # => `/this/true/that` that_path(my_bool: false) # => `/this/false/that`
Adam Hess
Add support for 'private, no-store' Cache-Control headers.
Previously, 'no-store' was exclusive; no other directives could be specified.
Alex Smith
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (May 05, 2021)
Prevent open redirects by correctly escaping the host allow list CVE-2021-22903
Prevent catastrophic backtracking during mime parsing CVE-2021-22902
Prevent regex DoS in HTTP token authentication CVE-2021-22904
Prevent string polymorphic route arguments.
url_for
supports building polymorphic URLs via an array of arguments (usually symbols and records). If a developer passes a user input array, strings can result in unwanted route helper calls.CVE-2021-22885
Gannon McGibbon
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (March 26, 2021)
- No changes.
Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021)
Re-define routes when not set correctly via inheritance.
John Hawthorn
Rails <IP_ADDRESS> (February 10, 2021)
Prevent open redirect when allowed host starts with a dot
[CVE-2021-22881]
Thanks to @tktech (https://hackerone.com/tktech) for reporting this issue and the patch!
Aaron Patterson
Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021)
Fix error in
::ActionController::LogSubscriber
that would happen when throwing inside a controller action.Janko Marohnić
Fix
fixture_file_upload
deprecation whenfile_fixture_path
is a relative path.Eugene Kenny
Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021)
Fix nil translation key lookup in controllers/
Jan Klimo
Quietly handle unknown HTTP methods in Action Dispatch SSL middleware.
Alex Robbin
Change the request method to a
GET
when passing failed requests down toconfig.exceptions_app
.Alex Robbin
Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020)
Support for the HTTP header
Feature-Policy
has been revised to reflect its rename toPermissions-Policy
.Rails.application.config. do |p| p.camera :none p.gyroscope :none p.microphone :none p.usb :none p.fullscreen :self p.payment :self, "https://secure-example.com" end
Julien Grillot
Allow
::ActionDispatch::HostAuthorization
to exclude specific requests.Host Authorization checks can be skipped for specific requests. This allows for health check requests to be permitted for requests with missing or non-matching host headers.
Chris Bisnett
Add
config.action_dispatch.request_id_header
to allow changing the name of the unique X-Request-Id headerArlston Fernandes
Deprecate
config.action_dispatch.return_only_media_type_on_content_type
.Rafael Mendonça França
Change ActionDispatch::Response#content_type to return the full Content-Type header.
Rafael Mendonça França
Remove deprecated
ActionDispatch::Http::ParameterFilter
.Rafael Mendonça França
Added support for exclusive no-store Cache-Control header.
If
no-store
is set on Cache-Control header it is exclusive (all other cache directives are dropped).Chris Kruger
Catch invalid UTF-8 parameters for POST requests and respond with BadRequest.
Additionally, perform
#set_binary_encoding
inActionDispatch::Http::Request#GET
andActionDispatch::Http::Request#POST
prior to validating encoding.Adrianna Chang
Allow
assert_recognizes
routing assertions to work on mounted root routes.Gannon McGibbon
Change default redirection status code for non-GET/HEAD requests to 308 Permanent Redirect for
::ActionDispatch::SSL
.Alan Tan, Oz Ben-David
Fix
follow_redirect!
to follow redirection with same HTTP verb when following a 308 redirection.Alan Tan
When multiple domains are specified for a cookie, a domain will now be chosen only if it is equal to or is a superdomain of the request host.
Jonathan Hefner
::ActionDispatch::Static
handles precompiled Brotli (.br) files.Adds to existing support for precompiled gzip (.gz) files. Brotli files are preferred due to much better compression.
When the browser requests /some.js with
Accept-Encoding: br
, we check for public/some.js.br and serve that file, if present, withContent-Encoding: br
andVary: Accept-Encoding
headers.Ryan Edward Hall, Jeremy Daer
Add raise_on_missing_translations support for controllers.
This configuration determines whether an error should be raised for missing translations. It can be enabled through
config.i18n.raise_on_missing_translations
. Note that described configuration also affects raising error for missing translations in views.fatkodima
Added
compact
andcompact!
to::ActionController::Parameters
.Eugene Kenny
Calling
each_pair
oreach_value
on an::ActionController::Parameters
without passing a block now returns an enumerator.Eugene Kenny
fixture_file_upload
now uses path relative tofile_fixture_path
Previously the path had to be relative to
fixture_path
. You can change your existing code as follow:# Before fixture_file_upload('files/dog.png') # After fixture_file_upload('dog.png')
Edouard Chin
Remove deprecated
force_ssl
at the controller level.Rafael Mendonça França
The
helper
class method for controllers loads helper modules specified as strings/symbols with String#constantize instead ofrequire_dependency
.Remember that support for strings/symbols is only a convenient API. You can always pass a module object:
helper UtilsHelper
which is recommended because it is simple and direct. When a string/symbol is received,
helper
just manipulates and inflects the argument to obtain that same module object.Xavier Noria, Jean Boussier
Correctly identify the entire localhost IPv4 range as trusted proxy.
Nick Soracco
url_for
will now use "https://" as the default protocol whenRails.application.config.force_ssl
is set to true.Jonathan Hefner
Accept and default to base64_urlsafe CSRF tokens.
Base64 strict-encoded CSRF tokens are not inherently websafe, which makes them difficult to deal with. For example, the common practice of sending the CSRF token to a browser in a client-readable cookie does not work properly out of the box: the value has to be url-encoded and decoded to survive transport.
Now, we generate Base64 urlsafe-encoded CSRF tokens, which are inherently safe to transport. Validation accepts both urlsafe tokens, and strict-encoded tokens for backwards compatibility.
Scott Blum
Support rolling deploys for cookie serialization/encryption changes.
In a distributed configuration like rolling update, users may observe both old and new instances during deployment. Users may be served by a new instance and then by an old instance.
That means when the server changes
cookies_serializer
from:marshal
to:hybrid
or the server changesuse_authenticated_cookie_encryption
fromfalse
totrue
, users may lose their sessions if they access the server during deployment.We added fallbacks to downgrade the cookie format when necessary during deployment, ensuring compatibility on both old and new instances.
Masaki Hara
ActionDispatch::Request#remote_ip has ip address even when all sites are trusted.
Before, if all
X-Forwarded-For
sites were trusted, theremote_ip
would default to<IP_ADDRESS>
. Now, the furthest proxy site is used. e.g.: It now gives an ip address when using curl from the load balancer.Keenan Brock
Fix possible information leak / session hijacking vulnerability.
The
ActionDispatch::Session::MemcacheStore
is still vulnerable given it requires the gem dalli to be updated as well.CVE-2019-16782.
Include child session assertion count in
::ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
.IntegrationTest#open_session
usesdup
to create the new session, which meant it had its own copy of@assertions
. This prevented the assertions from being correctly counted and reported.Child sessions now have their
attr_accessor
overridden to delegate to the root session.Fixes #32142.
Sam Bostock
Add SameSite protection to every written cookie.
Enabling
SameSite
cookie protection is an addition to CSRF protection, where cookies won't be sent by browsers in cross-site POST requests when set to:lax
.:strict
disables cookies being sent in cross-site GET or POST requests.Passing
:none
disables this protection and is the same as previous versions albeit a; SameSite=None
is appended to the cookie.See upgrade instructions in config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_6_1.rb.
More info here
NB: Technically already possible as Rack supports SameSite protection, this is to ensure it's applied to all cookies
Cédric Fabianski
Bring back the feature that allows loading external route files from the router.
This feature existed back in 2012 but got reverted with the incentive that https://github.com/rails/routing_concerns was a better approach. Turned out that this wasn't fully the case and loading external route files from the router can be helpful for applications with a really large set of routes. Without this feature, application needs to implement routes reloading themselves and it's not straightforward.
# config/routes.rb Rails.application.routes.draw do draw(:admin) end # config/routes/admin.rb get :foo, to: 'foo#bar'
Yehuda Katz, Edouard Chin
Fix system test driver option initialization for non-headless browsers.
glaszig
redirect_to.action_controller
notifications now include the::ActionDispatch::Request
in their payloads as:request
.Austin Story
respond_to#any
no longer returns a response's Content-Type based on the request format but based on the block given.Example:
def my_action respond_to do |format| format.any { render(json: { foo: 'bar' }) } end end get('my_action.csv')
The previous behaviour was to respond with a
text/csv
Content-Type which is inaccurate since a JSON response is being rendered.Now it correctly returns a
application/json
Content-Type.Edouard Chin
Replaces (back)slashes in failure screenshot image paths with dashes.
If a failed test case contained a slash or a backslash, a screenshot would be created in a nested directory, causing issues with
tmp:clear
.Damir Zekic
Add
params.member?
to mimicHash
behavior.Younes Serraj
process_action.action_controller
notifications now include the following in their payloads::request
- the::ActionDispatch::Request
:response
- the::ActionDispatch::Response
George Claghorn
Updated ActionDispatch::Request#remote_ip setter to clear set the instance
remote_ip
tonil
before setting the header that the value is derived from.Fixes #37383.
Norm Provost
ActionController::Base.log_at
allows setting a different log level per request.# Use the debug level if a particular cookie is set. class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base log_at :debug, if: -> { [:debug] } end
George Claghorn
Allow system test screen shots to be taken more than once in a test by prefixing the file name with an incrementing counter.
Add an environment variable
RAILS_SYSTEM_TESTING_SCREENSHOT_HTML
to enable saving of HTML during a screenshot in addition to the image. This uses the same image name, with the extension replaced with.html
Tom Fakes
Add
Vary: Accept
header when usingAccept
header for response.For some requests like
/users/1
, Rails uses requests'Accept
header to determine what to return. And if we don't addVary
in the response header, browsers might accidentally cache different types of content, which would cause issues: e.g. javascript got displayed instead of html content. This PR fixes these issues by addingVary: Accept
in these types of requests. For more detailed problem description, please read:https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/36213
Fixes #25842.
Stan Lo
Fix IntegrationTest
follow_redirect!
to follow redirection using the same HTTP verb when following a 307 redirection.Edouard Chin
System tests require Capybara 3.26 or newer.
George Claghorn
Reduced log noise handling ActionController::RoutingErrors.
Alberto Fernández-Capel
Add DSL for configuring HTTP Feature Policy.
This new DSL provides a way to configure an HTTP Feature Policy at a global or per-controller level. Full details of HTTP Feature Policy specification and guidelines can be found at MDN:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Feature-Policy
Example global policy:
Rails.application.config.feature_policy do |f| f.camera :none f.gyroscope :none f.microphone :none f.usb :none f.fullscreen :self f.payment :self, "https://secure.example.com" end
Example controller level policy:
class PagesController < ApplicationController feature_policy do |p| p.geolocation "https://example.com" end end
Jacob Bednarz
Add the ability to set the CSP nonce only to the specified directives.
Fixes #35137.
Yuji Yaginuma
Keep part when scope option has value.
When a route was defined within an optional scope, if that route didn't take parameters the scope was lost when using path helpers. This commit ensures scope is kept both when the route takes parameters or when it doesn't.
Fixes #33219.
Alberto Almagro
Added
deep_transform_keys
anddeep_transform_keys!
methods to::ActionController::Parameters
.Gustavo Gutierrez
Calling ActionController::Parameters#transform_keys/
!
without a block now returns an enumerator for the parameters instead of the underlying hash.Eugene Kenny
Fix strong parameters blocks all attributes even when only some keys are invalid (non-numerical). It should only block invalid key's values instead.
Stan Lo
Please check [6-0-stable]) for previous changes.


Natural ability
All Nailtales have the Flame of Fire ability, which increases their fiery attacks if they themselves come under fire. It also gives immunity to fire attacks. He is also able to learn psychic techniques, although he did not become of a psychic type. In addition, he perfectly knows how to swim, which again is not typical for fiery Pokemon.


| Reference | Class List | Member Functions | Typedefs | File List |
TODO Future
Definition at line 43 of file future.hpp.
Public Types | |
| typedef Result | future_result_type |
| typedef Result const & | result_type |
Public Member Functions | |
| bool | cancel () |
| future (shared_ptr< detail::future_impl< Result > > const &impl) | |
| future () | |
| result_type | get () |
| bool | is_cancelled () const |
| result_type | operator() () |
| bool | ready () const |
| bool | timed_wait (boost::xtime const ×tamp) const |
| void | wait () const |
|
|
Indicates the future's result type.
Definition at line 50 of file future.hpp. |
|
|
Indicates the functor's result type.
Definition at line 49 of file future.hpp. |
|
|
Definition at line 55 of file future.hpp. |
|
|
Definition at line 61 of file future.hpp. |
|
|
Definition at line 91 of file future.hpp. |
|
|
Definition at line 86 of file future.hpp. |
|
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Definition at line 96 of file future.hpp. |
|
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Definition at line 81 of file future.hpp. |
|
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Definition at line 66 of file future.hpp. |
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Definition at line 76 of file future.hpp. |
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Definition at line 71 of file future.hpp. |


Ratings: 7.9 / 10
What is a movie?
Film, also called movie or motion picture, is a medium used to simulate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty or atmosphere by the means of recorded or programmed moving images along with other sensory stimulations. The word "cinema", short for cinematography, is often used to refer to filmmaking and the film industry, and to the art form that is the result of it.
The moving images of a film are created by photographing actual scenes with a motion-picture camera, by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques, by means of CGI and computer animation, or by a combination of some or all of these techniques, and other visual effects.
Traditionally, films were recorded onto celluloid film through a photochemical process and then shown through a movie projector onto a large screen. Contemporary films are often fully digital through the entire process of production, distribution, and exhibition, while films recorded in a photochemical form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack (a graphic recording of the spoken words, music and other sounds that accompany the images which runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it, and is not projected).


Name:
E-mail:
Date:
Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Phone#:
Degree of oval:
Width:
Ball:
Weight:
Serial Number:
Bridge
leftspan
rightspan


| Scenarios Directory | |
|---|---|
| Current | {{currentScenariosDirectory}} |
| Change to | |
| Status | {{directoryStatus}} |
| GridPath Database | |
|---|---|
| Current | {{currentGridPathDB}} |
| Change to | |
| Status | {{databaseStatus}} |
| GridPath Python Environment Directory | |
|---|---|
| Current | {{currentPythonDirectory}} |
| Change to | |
| Status | {{pythonStatus}} |
| Solver 1 | Name | Executable |
|---|---|---|
| Current | {{currentSolver1Name}} | {{currentSolver1Executable}} |
| Change to | ||
| Status | {{solver1NameStatus}} | {{solver1ExecutableStatus}} |
| Solver 2 | Name | Executable | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current | {{currentSolver2Name}} | {{currentSolver2Executable}} | |
| Change to | |||
| Status | {{solver2NameStatus}} | {{solver2ExecutableStatus}} |
| Solver 3 | Name | Executable |
|---|---|---|
| Current | {{currentSolver3Name}} | {{currentSolver3Executable}} |
| Change to | ||
| Status | {{solver3NameStatus}} | {{solver3ExecutableStatus}} |


V01
12 col responsive Grid
All elements
Carousels
01. News carousel (non-foundation) [odeon]
02. Full width image carousel (foundation)
Tabbed modules
01. Tabbed module (non-foundation) (not responsive)
02. Sliding tab module (foundation)


Chapter 6 Day 5: Words
We’ll wrap up by talking about editing you can do at the level of words. I find this to be the easiest and most fun type of editing. A lot of it doesn’t take a lot of mental work, but your writing immediately feels much lighter!
A lot of the advice in this section will have a secondary benefit—it will reduce the number of words it takes you to say something. In scientific writing, we often have to fit our final work within a constrained word count or page limit. Since we want to have high-impact, high-content papers, this can be a big struggle. The suggestions today will help with this.
The other key point for today is how word choices can make your writing easier to read and understand. There are two key angles here. First, you want to identify the “terms of art” in your paper. What are the technical terms that mean something very specific, and that you can’t simplify without losing important subtlety? For these words, you must make sure that (1) you’re using the right term for your field and (2) you consistently use the same term for that idea. Second, you have all the other words in your paper, the ones that aren’t terms of art. Scientific reading is hard enough just because of the scientific content. Therefore, I feel strongly that you should try to make all these other words—the ones that aren’t terms of art—as simple as possible. Therefore, part of the editing process at the word level will be to simplify any vocabulary that doesn’t absolutely have to be more complex.
The techniques we’ll cover today are outlines in several of the books—Style has a chapter on “Concision” that we’ll cover, and Writing Science in Plain English and Writing Science both have helpful chapters.
- **Read Chapter 7 from Style (same chapter in the second edition) and Chapter 6 from *Writing Science in Plain English.**
These two chapters cover how to remove needless words from your writing. Both cover several ways that words can be redundant.
Additional reading. If you would like more information on the ideas in these chapters of Style, you can also check out Chapter 16 from Writing Science.
- Diagnose and fix word redundance in paragraphs from example papers.
On an earlier day, we looked closesly at the following paragraph from the Schwartz paper:
“The question of disease etiology is complex. It is likely that a multitude of causes is involved in the development of any particular disease. Where in the causal chain, among the myriad of variables, one chooses to examine and ascertain causation is often a question of where intervention is most efficacious. That, in turn, is often a political and not a scientific issue. An examination of the full range of variables potentially involved in disease etiology, with a synthesis of findings from all levels of analysis, provides the best opportunity for a full understanding of disease etiology.”
Based on what you just read, identify words in this text that might be redundant. Try re-writing the text to remove those redundant words. You can either keep the same structure for the paragraph otherwise, or you can start from the re-written version of this paragraph you created on an earlier day.
Do the same exercise with the following paragraph from the Cheplygina et al. paper:
“But even more importantly, Twitter culture has exposed a part of academia that has traditionally always been hidden from view, namely the inception of new research activities. Now, ECRs can observe and even join the process of creating national or international research projects (for instance, [6] stems from a discussion at Twitter and Bik et al [1] write their work resulted from online interactions). Senior researchers openly share ideas through Twitter and this can lead to the development of new concepts which often move on to become fully-fledged research projects.”
- Diagnose and fix redundant words in your manuscript.
Pick a string of three or four paragraphs in your manuscript. Go carefully through each type of redundancy described in the reading from prompt 1. Identify any cases in your paragraphs and fix them.
For some of these, you can use the “Search” tool to search for potentially redundant words. For example, you can do a search for meaningless words like “actually”, “really”, and “various”. To look for doubled words, it might be helpful to do a search for “and”. If you’re struggling with some of the other types of redundancies, you might want to look through some of the many online lists with examples, including: https://www.dailywritingtips.com/50-redundant-phrases-to-avoid/, https://forge.medium.com/close-proximity-end-result-and-more-redundant-words-to-delete-from-your-writing-3258be693a3d, https://kathysteinemann.com/Musings/redundant/, and https://www.thoughtco.com/common-redundancies-in-english-1692776.
- Read Chapter 15 from Writing Science and Chapter 5 from Writing Science in Plain English.
These two chapters cover how to choose the word to use for words that must stay—the ones that aren’t redundant. They cover two important ideas. First, there are some words that mean something very specific in your field, and that provide an immediate way to get a specific and often subtle idea across to readers who have been trained in your field. For these words, you need to make sure you are using the right term, and you don’t want to simplify them because they lose their precise and subtle meaning.
However, typically these words will be only a minor proportion of all the words in your manuscript. It is easy for jargon or unneccessarily fancy words to creep in everywhere else. Again, you are writing to describe ideas and findings that are very complex. It will be hard for readers to process those ideas. To help them a little, please, please, please try to make everything surrounding and supporting those ideas as simple and clear as you can. If you worry that your edited version of the manuscript is going to make you “sound dumb” because it sounds so simple, then you are on the right track!
Also—and this is something that I continue to feel when I edit my own papers—when you edit to clarify and simplify, you may sometimes feel exposed or unprotected, because your idea is just out there for anyone to understand, not in the shadow behind fancy words or sentence constructions. If you’ve edited your manuscript well, you should feel a bit exposed.  This is a normal feeling, and it feels scary, but it means you’re on to something good. If the idea itself is bad, you’ll now see that more clearly and be able to fix it. If it’s a good idea, then other people will be able to grasp it.
- Identify technical terms versus jargon in a paragraph from an example paper.
Re-read the following paragraph from the Gall et al. paper:
“Natural hazard losses exhibit an upward trend over time (Fig. 2). This is a function of increases in wealth and population (Cutter and Emrich 2005; Pielke et al. 2008) but is also attributed to better loss accounting in recent years. The escalating pattern of hazard losses is therefore partially an artifact of advances in reporting losses, but how much or how little this effect contributes to the skyrocketing losses in comparison to effects of population growth and increasing wealth in high hazard areas is unclear.”
Make a list of the terms in this paragraph that you think are technical terms, as defined on page 147 of Writing Science. Then, highlight any terms that you think might be jargon, again using the definition from Writing Science.
For each term in the “technical terms” list, write down what you think it’s specific definition is. Look earlier in the paper. Is the term specifically defined or explained by the authors earlier in the manuscript?
Finally, revise the paragraph to replace all the jargon terms with simpler language.
- Identify technical terms necessary in your manuscript.
Go through your entire manuscript and make a glossary of the technical terms that you must use in the manuscript. These might be proper nouns, like the name of a specific package repository like “CRAN” or a database like “NOAA Storm Events”. They may be ideas that are very specific to your topic, like “reproducibility” or “exposure misclassification”. In your glossary, include both the term and your definition for it.
- Diagnose and fix jargon in your manuscript.
Use the same paragraphs from your manuscript that you did for prompt 3. Highlight any terms in these paragraphs that are in the glossary you created in the last prompt. Now look at all the remaining words. Are any more complex than they need to be? Identify jargon and revise the paragraphs to use simpler words.
All the following steps are things for you to try after our workshop meeting on “Words”.
- Ensure that you are using the right technical terms in your manuscript.
Go through the glossary you created in prompt 6. Look up each term in a reliable source for your discipline. Sources to check include text books, field-specific dictionaries (e.g., “Dictionary of Epidemiology”), and papers from well-respected journals in your field. Does your definition match that definition? Are there other terms that might better match the idea you’re trying to convey?
Next, once you are confident that the terms are right for your field, check to see if they mean something else in different fields. This can be a source of confusion for readers (including reviewers!) who immediately think your term means one thing when it means something else. “Model” is one example—in biological sciences, this term may convey a model animal, while in statistics it might convey a statistical model fit to data. You will not be able to catch all of these, but it’s helpful to start identifying the terms that might mean different things in different fields, as these might be terms that are worth re-defining in your manuscript so that readers are on the same page.
- Add definitions in your manuscript for technical terms that readers might not know.
Think about the audience you expect to read this paper, and then look through your glossary. Are there words that readers might not know, based on the common knowledge in the targeted audience? If so, find a place early in your manuscript to provide these definitions. In some cases, you might follow the example of the Cheplygina et al. paper and have an early section that gives terms and definitions (their “Twitter terms” section). More often, you’ll add in definitions as you get to ideas, as Gall and coauthors do.
- Diagnose and fix jargon and redundancy throughout your manuscript.
Repeat prompts 3 and 7 for all the paragraphs in your manuscript. As you do, can you identify redundancy and jargon that you tend to use pretty often? When you write in the future, don’t worry about these when you write your first drafts, but if you get to know the problematic terms that you tend to use when drafting, you can more quickly revise your later drafts to cut them out or replace them.
- Read Chapter 10 of Style (Chapter 2 of the second edition) and Chapter 8 of Writing Science in Plain English.
These chapter cover editing in terms of correcting grammar and usage. These are important topics, because your manuscript will seem less professional if it has these mistakes, and so readers and reviewers might also question if your science was done carefully and competently. However, we haven’t focused much on these yet because they are the easiest edits that co-authors can make as they edit your paper. You will want to learn these rules for yourself to avoid problems in writing for classes, cover letters for jobs, and so on, but I don’t see them as a big barrier in multi-author manuscripts, as long as one co-author who will read carefully can find and fix them. This chapter is worth a read, though.
- Read Chapters 16 and 17 of Writing Science.
These two chapters repeat and bring together some of the ideas we’ve covered this week. They’re helpful as you begin to move from the specific exercise we’ve done here to working on broadly editing your manuscript.


 Give it to me!
4) Sure, that would be great
3) That's cool I guess
2) I see no point in learning it.
1) Get that filth out of my face!
Using AJAX Sync
5) Hell Yea!! Give it to me!
4) Sure, that would be great
3) That's cool I guess
2) I see no point in learning it.
1) Get that filth out of my face!
AJAX SUBMIT
Using AJAX ASync
5) Hell Yea!! Give it to me!
4) Sure, that would be great
3) That's cool I guess
2) I see no point in learning it.
1) Get that filth out of my face!
AJAX SUBMIT
Poll Results from AJAX


Perception Pipeline
Tracking and Sensor Fusion Pipeline
Trajectory Prediction Pipeline
Planning and Controls Pipeline


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Improve the elderlys' ability to age at home through understanding of daily activities inferred from passive sensor analysis.
The need for helping elderly individuals or couples remain in their home is increasing as our global population ages. Cognitive processing offers opportunities to assist the elderly by processing information to identify opportunities for caregivers to offer assistance and support.
Rather than depending on sensors worn on the body (and needing to be not forgotten, recharged, etc..) or installing sensors on individual devices (e.g. sink, cabinet, refrigerator, etc..), this solution utilizes passive monitoring devices, notably video camera(s) with multi-channel microphones, to sense activity, record events, and build a model of normative behavior.
| Initially we intend to monitor the kitchen and recognizes the presence of a person (not an individual) in the room. From this simple event detection we will build a normative baseline of daily activity and detect when that daily activity exhibits aberrations (e.g. no activity in kitchen after +2 std. dev. past median time). The visual recognition algorithm will run on the local device (e.g. RaspberryPi with camera), the issues of round-trip latency to the cloud, or bandwidth required, or security or privacy concerns, will be eliminated. Only events generated from this recognition will be sent to the cloud to build (and update) the normative behavior model. This initial scenario may be easily extended to other passive monitoring capabilities, e.g. audio, motion (sonar), electrical circuit, , ... as well as deployment in other area, e.g. entry way, bathroom, hallway, etc.. to provide support for additional scenarios, e.g. medication adherence, diet, exercise, ... |
The solution is patterned on a "do-it-yourself" (DIY) approach and utilizes inexpensive hardware, open source software, and free services from the IBM BlueMix cloud. The local device is comprised of a RaspberryPi computer and PlayStation3 Eye USB camera with four (4) internal microphones. Total cost of hardware is under US$80 on-line.
The IBM BlueMix cloud provides services to analyze the images through the Watson cognitive portfolio, notably the AlchemyImage and VisualInsights recognition services. In addition, Cloudant provides a NoSQL repository for the JavaScript object-notation (JSON) data produced from the event and the two image analysis algorithms.
BlueMix also provides the dashDB hybrid relational data warehousing service that automatically replicates from the Cloudant repository and provides an SQL interface for SELECT, PROJECT and JOIN. These SQL services can also be consumed by Watson Analytics and other third-party software packages (e.g. Looker).
Also on BlueMix, the IBM Internet of Things Foundation (IOTF) platform and associated Real-Time Insights (RTI) provide device registration and system status monitoring (1s intervals) for the RaspberryPi. General purpose conditionals can be applied for integration with email, IFTTT (www.ifttt.com), Node.Red and arbitrary web-hook.
[IN PROGRESS] The BlueMix container service provides the run-time environment that processes the Cloudant event data and asynchronously builds the statistical model of normal and abnormal behaviour and enables configuration for event notification (still under development).
[NOT SHOWN] This web site is also running on the IBM BlueMix CloudFoundry platform-as-a-service (PAAS), coordinating credentialing, billing and operational metrics across the service catalog. In addition, this site utilizes Mixpanel (www.mixpanel.com) and Intercom.io (www.intercom.io) to provide user tracking and near-line chat (n.b. look in lower right corner for chat icon).
GitHub repositories are publically accessible at:
With several weeks of data collected patterns are emerging. Initial analysis step was to understand the classsifiers tagged in the images.
Data was processed from JSON in Cloudant into CSV files for each device. Resulting data included listing of all classifiers by fifteen (15) minute interval per day.
These images are created using Watson Analytics. It is simple to get a free account and load the CSV files. Import these CSV files into Watson Analytics, refine the data model and explore yields the following graphical displays of the classifier space.
The heatmap of classifiers as well as the primary classifiers across hour of day were both highly informative. This insight lead the selection of the following classifiers from the VisualInsights recognition algorithms for further investigation using Looker.
Analysis of the underlying events which generated the classifications lead to analysis using Looker. Looker generates SQL for the dashDB replicant of the Cloudant JSON event history and then makes that output available for visualization and download as JSON. The following two graphics are "live" views of the rough-fog and damp-cloud events.
The same UNIX script
(mkclass
)
that converts the Cloudant JSON into CSV files suitable to Watson Analytics is also suitable
for consumption by Excel.
The script builds the classifier (or classifier set, e.g. 'people') population statistics model for the specified device.
The results are processed in the Excel spreadsheet to produce the charts below.
Below are some examples of the aah-stats
Web service:
aah-stats?db=rough-fog&id=person
aah-stats?db=rough-fog&id=person&day=all
aah-stats?db=rough-fog&id=person&interval=all
aah-classifiers
Installation on kitchen shelf
The resin.io service provides a customizable base image with which to "flash" the uSD card for the RaspberryPi. The image may be configured with the SSID and password for the local WiFi network.
The "AgeAtHome" application we have defined provides a context in which devices participate. Each device is assigned to one application. Once a device has been flashed and booted, it connects to the resin.io service and presents itself within the application context.
Each device associated with the application can be inspected, including summary status and logs (e.g. stderr).
Including the ability to ssh(1) into a terminal for command line interface:
Listing of motion detection volume data in file system
IBM IoTF Platform Dashboard
Changes were made to both Dockerfile as well as initial script to enable IoTF/QS and sample C program only sends system status. Will need to change the sample program to progres HTTP requests to send any JSON payloads (i.e. our events).
IBM IOTF Real-time Insights rule specification
IBM IOTF Real-time Insights rule condition specification
IBM IOTF Real-time Insights rule action specification
If you've read all the way to here and you still want more information, you can find me at the following places; or click on the little blue circle in the lower right of your web browser to talk to me directly: LinkedIn GitHub Twitter


Blog posts
-
2017-Dec-13On machine learning enhanced software systems
-
2015-Dec-8Thoughts on visualizing software architecture
-
2015-Jul-16Neural Computation: An Intuitive Understanding of the Perceptron
-
2015-Jul-2Case Study: Sentiment Analysis On Movie Reviews
-
2015-Jun-30A Generic Architecture for Text Classification with Machine Learning
-
2015-Jun-19Case Study: Python Performance on rotating one-dimensional vectors
-
2015-May-25Web Scaling - using Redis as Cache
-
2015-Apr-22Building your first REST API with Python
-
2015-Mar-31Using Python and AI to predict types of wine
-
2015-Jan-9Gradient Descent Algorithm in Java
-
2015-Jan-6Why, how and where to learn Design Patterns
-
2014-Oct-31Thoughts on Automata Theory
-
2014-Oct-10Fun with graphs
-
2014-Jul-22CRUD with Java, JSP and MySQL
-
2014-Jul-16Object Oriented Thinking
-
2014-Jul-16A Romantic Vision Of The Software Engineering


--- active_crumb: Docs layout: documentation fa_icon: fa-cog id: installation ---
The easiest way to start using NLPCraft is to add SBT dependency to your project:
NOTE: {{site.latest_version}}
is the latest version.
To built and install NLPCraft from the source code:
sbt
: $ sbt clean package
maven
: $ mvn -B clean package -P stanford-core,examples
Minimal Java and Scala versions
Starting with version 1.0.0 NLPCraft requires JDK 11+ and Scala 3.2.2.
You can create new Scala projects in many ways - we recommend SBT
to accomplish this task. Make sure that build.sbt
file has the following content:
ThisBuild / version := "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT" ThisBuild / scalaVersion := "3.2.2" lazy val root = (project in file(".")) .settings( name := "Your project", version := "{{site.latest_version}}", libraryDependencies += "org.apache.nlpcraft" % "nlpcraft" % "{{site.latest_version}}", libraryDependencies += "org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "3.2.15" % "test" )
NOTE: make sure to use the latest versions of Scala and ScalaTest.
Check out {% doc first-example First Example %} for a quick deep dive.