This class handles the connection to the X server. Chances are you won’t need to touch this at all, since Draw::Window.new can be called without a Display parameter, and will default to the one you’ll most likely want to use anyway.
Creates a new Display object. Can be called with either one or no arguments to represent the name of the X server to connect to. With no args, it will connect to the default display
VALUE display_new(int argc, VALUE *args, VALUE self)
Disabled; run with --debug to generate this.
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 1.1.6.


When I first got interested in spearfishing and decided to finally buy some gear I was immediately overwhelmed by the information being thrown at me. Where do I even start? To make things even more difficult, most beginners guides did not include some of the gear I was going to need for the cold water. I wanted to make an in depth guide to help those of you who are just starting out and to get you spearing as soon as possible. Buying a whole set of gear is a daunting task, but when you know what to look for, it can be painless.
Let’s start with the mask first. It is far more important to find the correct mask compared to the snorkel because there is no one-size fits all option. Everyone has unique facial geometry making it essential to actually go in and try on multiple different masks. Since this is a beginners guide, we will just be looking at the fit. Okay, so you might be wondering how one goes about insuring a perfect fit. Well the two factors we are testing are the seal and comfort of the mask.
Pro tip: You should shave any facial hair that would be in between the mask and your skin.
First thing to do when fitting is to remove the straps of the mask. You can get any mask to seal to your face if you cinch the straps tight enough, but the headache that will ensue is NOT worth it.   A proper fitting mask will stay on for this test.
Next thing to look out for is the comfort. If any part of the mask seems to be hitting you in a weird place or digging in, keep looking. The chaffing that can result from this is no fun at all. One thing to note is that the more flexible the silicon skirt is, the better seal you are going to get. Since we are trying to get spearing on a budget, there is no need to get a free dive specific mask. Any mask that seals properly and is comfortable for you is great for now. An added bonus of getting a cheap mask is that they almost always come with a snorkel. We won’t be too picky when it comes to snorkels since they are not very expensive. If given a choice, go with the most simple [J-Style] snorkel. This is simply because the snorkels that come with the mask you will be buying are cheaply made and the added bits will just break. Let’s save ourselves the headache and go with the simple one.
These cheap masks are going to be what we call high-volume masks. This simply means that there is a larger volume of air between your face and the mask. Freediving specific masks are referred to as low-volume masks, and are much more expensive. The reason spearos prefer the low-volume masks is due to the fact that as you dive deeper, the mask compresses. Without equalizing the mask, you run the risk of getting “mask squeeze”. This can result in broken blood vessels and a couple nice black eyes.  Not pretty! To equalize, you must exhale some air through your nose into the mask to combat the external pressure as you go deeper. Low-volume masks require less of your precious oxygen to equalize the mask. Thankfully this only really comes into play at depths below 30 or 40 feet. For shallow diving there will be little to no benefit.
I recommend going to a sporting goods store over a dive shop for this because they will have much cheaper options. Remember, if you find multiple masks that fit, go for the cheapest one. Walmart and Target are also great places to check.
Before you use your mask: The lenses come out of the box with silicone residue/film that we must remove prior to the first use.If you don’t, the lenses will fog up so bad that you won’t be able to see anything. There are a few ways out there, but the easiest method is using toothpaste. The grit is enough to scrub the silicon, but not enough to scratch the lenses. This might take a few times to get it completely.
Weights are a necessary part of spearfishing. They allow you to reach the bottom with ease. The amount of weights you will use is dependent on how deep you plan on going and how buoyant you are with you suit on. The key is to weight your belt so you become neutrally buoyant at about 15 feet down. This allows you to float at the surface, but still be able to sink to the bottom after a few kicks. For spearfishing, a rubber belt with a quick release clasp is ideal. As you descend on your dive, the pressure will compress you, making the belt become loose. Because a rubber belt stretches, you can cinch it tighter, and as you compress it stays tight to your waist. The quick release is a safety precaution.  In a time of panic, having to deal with a clasp is not a good idea.
Pro tip: Here is a great guide to help you calculate the amount of weight you will be needing.


{{play_stop_icon}}
pause
fiber_manual_record
{{music.pulse.timeSig}}
{{sig}}
{{music.pulse.bpm}}
{{music.pulse.bpm}}


Doctor Finder
Enter in an Issue or Name to Finder a doctor in Seattle
Previous
Next
Search
Search
Name
Address
Phone Number
Website
Accepting New Patients
Specialty


← Back to all examples.
Prevent the drag action by returning false from the onDragStart function.
false
onDragStart


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee October 25, 2004 - 9:00A Article III ON: Anderson, David Lawyer (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Antov, Antonia V. Senior Accountant (State Board for Educator Certification), Austin, TX Barnes, Susan Associate Commissioner (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Brooks, Gene Member, Board of Trustees (School for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Austin, TX Cardenas, Blandina President (University of Texas Pan American), Edinburg, TX Eklund-Olson, Sheldon Provost (University of Texas at Austin), Austin, TX Farrington, Jerry Chair (Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Faulkner, Larry R. President (Univerisity of Texas at Austin), Austin, TX Flack, Teri E. Deputy Commissioner (Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Garcia, Juliet V. President (University of Texas at Brownsville), Brownsville, TX Hatlen, Phil Superintendent (School for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Austin, TX Huffines, James R. Chairman (University of Texas System), Austin, TX Jenifer, Franklyn G. President (University of Texas at Dallas), Dallas, TX Kelley, Scott C. Executive Vice Chancellor-Bus. Affairs (University of Texas System), Austin, TX Leos, Robert Director, Textbook Administration (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Miller, Kenneth Special Ed Director (School for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Austin, TX Natalicio, Diana S. President (University of Texas at El Paso), El Paso, TX Neeley, Shirley J. Commissioner (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Newton, Lauren Principal (School for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Austin, TX Paredes, Dr. Raymund Commissioner (Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Romo, Ricardo President (University of Texas at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX Schulz, Barney Business Director (School for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Austin, TX Scott, Robert Chief Deputy Commissioner (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Shepard, Robert Vice-Chair (Higher Education Coordinating Board), Austin, TX Smith, Herman Executive Director (State Board of Educator Certification), Austin, TX Spaniolo, James D. President (University of Texas at Arlington), Arlington, TX Sullivan, Dr. Teresa Executive Vice Chancellor-Academic Aff. (University of Texas System), Austin, TX Vela, Patricia Accountant V (State Board for Educator Certification), Austin, TX Wallace, Randy Associate Vice Chancellor-Controller (University of Texas System), Austin, TX Watts, David President (University of Texas of the Permian Basin), Odessa, TX Wisnoski, Joe Deputy Associate Commissioner (Texas Education Agency), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Dunn, Dana Provost (University of Texas at Arlington), Arlington, TX Forrest, Christopher Vice President-Business Affairs (University of Texas of the Permian Basin), Odessa, TX Ward, Rusty Vice President for Business Affairs (University of Texas at Arlington), Arlington, TX On: Ambrosino, Rosalie Vice President-Student Affairs (University of Texas at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX Arevalo, Rodlfo Vice President-Academic Affairs (University of Texas Pan American), Edinburg, TX Bailey, Guy Provost (University of Texas at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX Boldt, Bob (University of Texas Investments Management Company), Austin, TX Langabeer, James Vice President for Business Affairs (University of Texas Pan American), Edinburg, TX Lovitt, Robert L. Senior Vice President (University of Texas at Dallas), Dallas, TX Mabry, Rodney H. (University of Texas at Tyler), Tyler, TX Money, Mita Associate VP for Budget (University of Texas at Dallas), Dallas, TX Wildenthal, Bryan Hobson Provost (University of Texas at Dallas), Richardson, TX


Flex
Quickly manage the layout, alignment, and sizing of grid columns, navigation, components, and more with a full suite of responsive flexbox utilities.
Enable Flex
Apply display utilities to create a flexbox container and transform direct children elements into flex items.

I'm a flexbox container!

Direction
Set the direction of flex items in a flex container with direction utilities.

Flex item 1

Flex item 2

Flex item 3

Flex item 1

Flex item 2

Flex item 3

Justify Content
Use justify-content utilities on flexbox containers to change the alignment of flex items on the main axis

...

...

...

...

...

Align Items
Use align-items utilities on flexbox containers to change the alignment of flex items on the cross axis

...

...

...

...

Align Self
Use align-self utilities on flexbox items to individually change their alignment on the cross axis

Flex item 1

Flex item 2

Flex item 3

Flex item 4

Fill
Use the .flex-fill
class on a series of sibling elements to force them into widths equal to their content

Flex item with a lot of content

Flex item

Flex item

Grow & Shrink
Use .flex-grow
utilities to toggle a flex item’s ability to grow to fill available space.

Flex item

Flex item

Third flex item

Auto Margins
Flexbox can do some pretty awesome things when you mix flex alignments with auto margins.

Flex item

Flex item

Third flex item

Order
Change the visual order of specific flex items with a handful of order utilities.

First Item

Second Item

Third Item


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59naga
28 Packages by 59naga
abigail
the minimal task runner
commander-file
Receive stdin/file/uri at commander
express-turnout
Pre-rendering Single-Page-Application for crawlers.
fixture-images
Animated GIF/PNG/WEBP and Static GIF/PNG/WEBP/BMP/JPG/JXR/PSD/TIF
gulp-jsfy
css to js (append link element)
gulp-src-files
Synchronous get filenames like a gulp.src
harakiri
rm -rf .
history-json
Implement undo/redo by Accumulating json
jaggy
is Converting to SVG by pixels
jasminetea
Quick start Jasmine2 for CoffeeScript
jqn
Command-line json processor
json_ml
JsonML parse/stringify function.
nicolive
Command line comment viewer
node-module-all
Autoloading node_modules by package.json
nw-jasmine
gulp-jasmine for nw.js
object-parser
Multiple parse/stringify function
object-parser-cli
Object preprocessor
onefile
Quick browser package downloader
pixel
Parse file to ImageData in cross-platform
pixel-bmp
Parse Bitmap to ImageData in cross-platform
pixel-gif
Parse Gif to ImageData in cross-platform
pixel-jpg
Parse JPEG to ImageData in cross-platform
pixel-png
Parse PNG to ImageData in cross-platform
pixel-type
Detect the image type and object type of an argument
pixel-util
Utilities of pixel
prologue
Express4 REST middleware for Sequelize
soysauce
Pretty sauceLabs browser matrix widget
wanderer
Glob.sync positive/negative function
obfuscated
berabou.me
@59naga
on GitHub
@horse_n_deer
on Twitter
@59naga
on npm


WELCOME TO
At Tasik Hotels, we offer you a new age of hospitality and accomodation. Come and visit us at any branch of our hotels where we provide affordable and reasonable hotel prices and services from cozy and wonderful accomodation, to relaxing spa treatments and massages. Treat and indulge yourself today at any of our hotels:
Looking for something a little extra? With our periodical offers on things like room discounts and spa packages across all our properties in Malaysia, you’re sure to find one for your next stay with us. Just go on and have a look.
Choose your home away from home with our selection of 3 hotels across four unique cities in Malaysia, and enjoy our brand's hallmark service as well as warm hospitality.


Ann Harter
1x programmer, Recurse Center alum, former psychologist, and current vegan.
Resume
Blog
=> a blog
🍑
Peaches
=> a server where I make mischief
Greatest Hits
Three Dead Protocols
Blinking Commits
#DisruptTechInterviews and Psychology
RubyConf Colombia 2015
Guest appearance on SoftEngSkills Podcast
RubyConf Colombia 2016
A viral tweet


Broadly speaking, digital archival material can come in two forms. Paper or analog documents that have been scanned for preservation purposes through a digitization project would be one example. BAM's Leon Levy Digital Archive features many examples of this, like this photo of our sign, taken circa 1975:
The other type would be what archivists refer to as "born-digital," that is, content existing only in electronic form. Anything created with a computer, including audio and moving image files, is a born-digital object.
The difference between a digital archive and the computer files you access from your home or work desktop has to do with the way we take care of the material. Content moved to the archives is designated as having historical or cultural value and once it is delivered to our hands, we begin to consider methods for keeping the material safe and intact.
For both paper and digital files, monitoring the surrounding environment is crucial. While moisture causes mold on physical material, changes in software and programming systems may lead to something called "bit-rot," or, a loss of data that prevents us from opening digital files in the future.
These definitions and other aspects of archival science have been documented in depth by the Society of American Archivists, a national association founded in 1936 to bring together librarians and archives across universities, museums, and cultural institutions. If you feel like taking a deep dive into archives, this is a good place to start.
Material housed in the BAM Hamm Archives documents the 150+ year history of the institution as much as the changing borough of Brooklyn. In recent years, the archives has begun to actively identify and collect files that were once paper, but now often exist only in digital formats. Some samples to consider:
You might now receive this invitation
as a PDF attachment.
This letter would probably now
be sent via email.
Most photographs like this one
currently exist as a .jpg, .png, or .tiff.
The Archives has been collecting and preserving digital photographs and videos of performances for many years and as many of the institution’s documents became digitally produced, like press releases, programs, and annual reports, those have been collected and preserved, as well.
The Leon Levy Digital Archive is an online searchable catalog of the institution’s records that are of most interest, particularly performance and artist-related materials. This is available to the public.
The Archives is also responsible for collecting and preserving institutional records, many of which are now produced in digital format. These are preserved on an Archives’ server and will be available to staff and researchers interested in understanding BAM’s past. The records collected are outlined in the Records Retention Schedule in the next section.
Featured Archives Item: Souvenir program featuring a reprint of the 1861 inaugural week at the Brooklyn Academy of Music (1908-1909).View item in BAM Digital Archives.


{{error}}
{% endfor %} {% endif %}This project was completed as an independent research project completed for UVM pre-thesis requirements. This website was built as an interface for a distributed blockchain built using python.
My name is Gordon MacMaster. I am a junior computer science and information science major at the University of Vermont. I have six years of programing experience and have completed a software development internship with Pennsylvania Multifamily Asset Managers and in spring/summer 2019 I will be working for Tesla in Fremont, California as a software development intern.
https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/comments/4b1h3f/using_sockets_to_send_objects_with_pickle_but/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rvfs6Xx3Kww&t=13s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEMtSUxtUDY
https://github.com/the-javapocalypse/Python-File-Encryptor/blob/master/script.py
https://www.blockchain-council.org/about-us/
https://iconscout.com/icon/blockchain-5


Dark mutilation rotten, Blood hair raising or, blood in eyeball. Haunt suicide silent, gory as demonic alarming, buried in fallen angel. Screams creaking tension kettle our exorcist.   Psycho craz.
Dark mutilation rotten, Blood hair raising or, blood in eyeball. Haunt suicide silent, gory as demonic alarming, buried in fallen angel. Screams creaking tension kettle our exorcist.   Psycho craz.


Coding Guide
The basic principle is to always write code that is testable, easy to understand, extensible, resistant to bugs. Code is written once but read by many people so we need to focus also on the next person that will read it:
- Keep it simple
- Test your code
- Single responsibility principle
- Try to maintain components loosely coupled
- Do not abuse of comments:
- Choose names that reveal intent for modules, packages, classes, methods, variables, constants, etc.
- Do not use comments for excuse bad code or when appropriate naming is enough
- Comments are good when they provide context (Explain why, not how) or explain things that happen in the real world
- Follow the Boy Scout Rule
- Don’t reinvent the wheel:
- Use patterns when possible
- Use proven libraries for (e.g. Apache commons, guava, etc.)
- Refactor when necessary
- When adding a new feature and the context is not appropriate, refactor first in a separate commit/s
Coding Style
Omid coding style shoud follow Oracle’s Code Conventions for Java, with the following modifications:
- Lines can be up to 120 characters long
- Indentation should be:
- 4 spaces
- Tabs not allowed
- Always use curly braces for code blocks, even for single-line ‘ifs’ and ‘elses’
- Do not include @author tags in any javadoc
- Use TestNG for testing
- Import ordering and spacing:
- Try to organize imports alphabetically in blocks with this format:
- A first block of imports from external libraries
- A second block of imports from Java libraries
- Finally a third block with static imports
- Example:
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.yahoo.omid.zk.ZKUtils.ZKException;
import com.yahoo.statemachine.StateMachine.Event;
import com.yahoo.statemachine.StateMachine.Fsm;
import com.yahoo.statemachine.StateMachine.State;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
...
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
...
import static com.yahoo.omid.ZKConstants.CURRENT_TSO_PATH;
import static com.yahoo.omid.zk.ZKUtils.provideZookeeperClient;
...


C
ity
W
orm
Kendi Turunu Tasarla
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record
This is First Record


| DOSE: |
repeated |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
I was seeing this guy and he loved to smoke all the time. I have done it before but it really didn't do much for me, so I thought that maybe I never smoked enough.  We rolled a large blunt and rolled up the windows. I took several hits form the blunt and didn't feel anything, so I had some hits from the bowl. Still i felt nothing.
Then all of a sudden all of it hit me at once. I was staring at the clock light when evrything started flashing like I was in a strobe light. Things started to flash quicker and my heart was beating so fast I thought it was going to explode. Things started to flash so quickly that they seemed like little boxes and then I lost track of reality. I had no sense of matter, I was completely mind. I felt like everything I thought and did would create my next action and that I would never escape from it. I wanted it to go away, all of this thinking was driving me crazy, I wanted to walk in front of a moving vehicle.
I was told that at one point I was screaming 'Oh NO, OH no!!' and I know that I was crying. At this point I was drifting in and out of reality. I just kept think to myself that I have to look normal. I reminded myself to blink every once and a while. They told me later that I was in a trance.
One cool thing did happen though from this experience-- I saw what was going to happen before it did and i heard it too. That was the coolest part but too bad I had to freak out to get there.
I tried to explain as much as I could of my experience but it is hard to. All I know is that it was the scariest and most horrible thing that no one would ever want to feel. Sometimes I get flashbacks to that feeling and it is very terrifying.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Assignment A01
You should prepare yourself by installing the Lab & Development Environment (Links to an external site.). You should carry out the following work which leads you to a small website published on GitHub Pages. Working with Git and GitHub (Links to an external site.) Update my forked repo (Links to an external site.) Setup a website using GitHub Pages (Links to an external site.) Answer, or reflect upon, the following questions. Write freely, between 15 to 30 sentences. Did you before know about the techniques Git, GitHub, Markdown and/or GitHub Pages? Have you ever created websites before? Briefly explain your experience and knowledge of web application development. What is your TIL for this course section? Ensure you have pushed all your work to GitHub and attach a tag v1.0.0 or greater (v1.0.1, v1.0.2 and so on). Where should I write the text? For now, write your report in a text file work/report.txt and add it to your repo. In the next assignment we will move the text to a more proper place. What is a TIL? TIL is an acronym for "Today I Learned" which playfully indicates that there are always new things to learn, every day. You usually pick up things you have learned and where you might have hiked to a little extra about its usefulness or simplicity, or it was just a new lesson for the day that you want to note. Submission? You will submit this assignment, later on during the course. Save it for now by publishing it to GitHub. Grading? This will be graded at the end of the course, as U/3, as a part of all assignments.
Assignment A02: Assignment 02 Due 9 Feb by 23:59
Points None Create a report web site (Links to an external site.), as part of your course repo, and publish it on GitHub Pages. Answer, or reflect upon, the following questions. Write freely, between 15 to 30 sentences. Have you any previous experience of HTML, CSS and/or JavaScript? Explain the role of HTML, CSS and JavaScript in web development. Give a brief explanation of how the browser, the HTTP protocol and the web server interacts. What is your TIL for this course section? The report (your answers to the above questions) should be written in the report web site. You should also move your report from S01 into it. Ensure you have pushed all your work to GitHub and attach a tag v2.0.0 or greater. Submission? You will submit this assignment, later on during the course. Save it for now. Grading? This will be graded at the end of the course, as U/3, as a part of all assignments.
Assignment A03: Due 16 Feb by 23:59
Points None Do the coding exercise. Use JavaScript to make your website dynamic (Links to an external site.) Write your report by answering and reflecting on these questions. Write freely, between 15 to 30 sentences. Do you have any previous experience of client side JavaScript? Can you compare and relate the JavaScript language to any other language you know? Describe how you worked with the coding exercise, what grade do you aim for and how did your code turn out to be? What is your TIL for this course section? Ensure you have pushed all your work to GitHub and attach a tag v3.0.0 or greater. Submission? You will submit this assignment, later on during the course. Save it for now. Grading? This will be graded at the end of the course, as U/3/4/5, as a part of all assignments.


2 soccer players suspended for shoving game official
by EndPlayOAK BLUFFS, Mass. (AP) - Two Massachusetts high school soccer players who allegedly shoved a game official have been suspended from playing sports.
The Boston Globe reports the two players from Martha's Vineyard Regional High School have been barred from participating in any high school sports for a year.
According to video footage reviewed by the Globe, the players hit the official after their team lost the final playoff game of the season.
Martha's Vineyard athletic director Mark McCarthy says the school has also taken "appropriate disciplinary action."
The Martha's Vineyard Times reports Principal Sara Dingledy sent a letter to parents Thursday calling the students' actions "an embarrassment to our program and our school community."
The school has not named the students.
The official has asked to not be identified. He has not pressed criminal charges.


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quizizz.js
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Globals
"structures/User"
User
Class User
description
Represents a User from the API
Hierarchy
User
Index
Constructors
constructor
Properties
_id
country
deactivated
deleted
first
Name
google
id
last
Name
local
media
occupation
student
Constructors
constructor
new
User
(
data
:
QuizCreatedByData
)
:
User
Parameters
data:
QuizCreatedByData
Returns
User
Properties
_id
_id
:
string
country
country
:
string
deactivated
deactivated
:
boolean
deleted
deleted
:
boolean
first
Name
first
Name
:
string
google
google
:
QuizCreatedByGoogleData
id
id
:
string
last
Name
last
Name
:
string
local
local
:
QuizCreatedByLocalData
media
media
:
string
occupation
occupation
:
string
student
student
:
string
|
null
Globals
"
Quizizz
Client"
"index"
"rest/
Response"
"rest/
Rest
Manager"
"structures/
Question"
"structures/
Quiz"
"structures/
Request
Error"
"structures/
Structure"
"structures/
User"
"typings/
Quiz
Created
ByData"
"typings/
Quiz
Created
ByGoogle
Data"
"typings/
Quiz
Created
ByLocal
Data"
"typings/
Quiz
Data"
"typings/
Quiz
Data
Info"
"typings/
Quiz
Data
Question"
"typings/
Quiz
Data
Question
Info"
"typings/
Quiz
Data
Stats"
"typings/
Quizizz
Response"
"typings/typings"
User
constructor
_id
country
deactivated
deleted
first
Name
google
id
last
Name
local
media
occupation
student
Generated using
TypeDoc
Represents a User from the API


public class DisplayPad
extends java.lang.Thread
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
(package private) int |
Color |
(package private) int |
Color2 |
private static int |
dataSent |
(package private) boolean |
DEBUG |
(package private) boolean |
DEBUG2 |
(package private) int |
Duration |
(package private) boolean |
isCC |
(package private) boolean |
isText |
(package private) boolean |
looping |
(package private) static javax.sound.midi.Receiver |
LPout |
(package private) boolean |
onOnly |
(package private) int |
Pad |
private static int |
padsLit |
private static int |
padsShut |
private static int |
sentText |
(package private) boolean |
stopping |
(package private) int |
textColor |
(package private) int |
textSpeed |
(package private) java.lang.String |
textToSend |
(package private) int |
Ticks |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
DisplayPad()
Unused Constructor
|
DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout,
int pad,
int color,
int duration,
boolean Only)
Constructor used to turn on a pad with 1 color
|
DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout,
int pad,
int color1,
int color2,
int duration,
boolean Only)
Constructor used to turn on a pad with 2 colors
|
DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout,
java.lang.String text,
int color,
int speed,
boolean loop,
boolean stop)
Constructor used to display text on the Launchpad S
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
getDataSent()
Returns the current session's amount of Data Sent in Bytes
|
static int |
getNumberOfPadsLit()
Returns the current session's Pad Lit statistic
|
private static void |
incrementPadsLit()
Increments the current session's Pad Lit statistic
|
private static void |
incrementPadsShut()
Increments the current session's Pads Shut statistic
|
void |
run()
Checks what type of Display output is called and processes it as a new
thread
|
private void |
sendStopText()
Stops any text from scrolling on the Launchpad S
|
void |
sendText(java.lang.String text,
int color,
int scrollSpeed)
Displays text on the Launchpad S based on the given parameters.
|
void |
turnOn()
Turns on a pad permanently
|
void |
turnOnCC()
Turns on a Control Change pad permanently
|
private void |
turnOnChange()
Turns on a pad with a certain color and then changes it to another one
|
private void |
turnOnChangeCC()
Turns on a Control Change pad with a certain color and then changes it to
another on
|
void |
turnOnOff()
Turns on a pad for a duration and then turns it off
|
void |
turnOnOffCC()
Turns on a Control Change pad for a duration and then turns it off
|
activeCount, checkAccess, clone, countStackFrames, currentThread, destroy, dumpStack, enumerate, getAllStackTraces, getContextClassLoader, getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler, getId, getName, getPriority, getStackTrace, getState, getThreadGroup, getUncaughtExceptionHandler, holdsLock, interrupt, interrupted, isAlive, isDaemon, isInterrupted, join, join, join, resume, setContextClassLoader, setDaemon, setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler, setName, setPriority, setUncaughtExceptionHandler, sleep, sleep, start, stop, stop, suspend, toString, yield
int Color
int Color2
private static int dataSent
boolean DEBUG
boolean DEBUG2
int Duration
boolean isCC
boolean isText
boolean looping
static javax.sound.midi.Receiver LPout
boolean onOnly
int Pad
private static int padsLit
private static int padsShut
private static int sentText
boolean stopping
int textColor
int textSpeed
java.lang.String textToSend
int Ticks
public DisplayPad()
public DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout, int pad, int color, int duration, boolean Only) throws javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException, java.lang.InterruptedException
lpout
- MIDI Receiver port (Launchpad S output port)pad
- MIDI value locating the pad to display oncolor
- MIDI value of the velocity to use (Used for coloring the pad
on the Launchpad S)duration
- Duration in MS to turn on the pad for if it is to be
temporarily onOnly
- True if the pad should be lit permanently, false if it should
be lit for the given durationjavax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException
- Invalid Midi Data Exceptionjava.lang.InterruptedException
- Thread Interrupted Exceptionpublic DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout, int pad, int color1, int color2, int duration, boolean Only) throws javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException, java.lang.InterruptedException
lpout
- MIDI Receiver port (Launchpad S output port)pad
- MIDI value locating the pad to display oncolor1
- MIDI value of the velocity to use for the first color (Used
for coloring the pad on the Launchpad S)color2
- MIDI value of the velocity to use for the second color (Used
for coloring the pad on the Launchpad S)duration
- Duration in MS to turn on the pad for with the first colorOnly
- False if the second color should be permanent, true if it
should be temporaryjavax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException
- Invalid Midi Data Exceptionjava.lang.InterruptedException
- Thread Interrupted Exceptionpublic DisplayPad(javax.sound.midi.Receiver lpout, java.lang.String text, int color, int speed, boolean loop, boolean stop) throws javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException, java.lang.InterruptedException
lpout
- MIDI Receiver port (Launchpad S output port)text
- Text to be displayed on the Launchpad Scolor
- MIDI value of the velocity to use for the text (Used for color
on the Launchpad S)speed
- Speed at which to scroll the text on the Launchpad. Range: 0
to 5, 5 being the fastestloop
- True if the text should be looped, False otherwisestop
- True if the text scrolling should be stoppedjavax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException
- Invalid Midi Data Exceptionjava.lang.InterruptedException
- Thread Interrupted Exceptionpublic static int getDataSent()
public static int getNumberOfPadsLit()
private static void incrementPadsLit()
private static void incrementPadsShut()
public void run()
run
in interface java.lang.Runnable
run
in class java.lang.Thread
Runnable.run()
private void sendStopText()
public void sendText(java.lang.String text, int color, int scrollSpeed)
text
- Text to displaycolor
- Color of the textscrollSpeed
- Speed of the textpublic void turnOn()
public void turnOnCC()
private void turnOnChange()
private void turnOnChangeCC()
public void turnOnOff()
public void turnOnOffCC()


----------------------------------------------------------- Example Code for "Trivial Connections on Discrete Surfaces" ----------------------------------------------------------- Keenan Crane June 15, 2010 This program computes smooth direction fields on meshes using the method described in Crane et al, "Trivial Connections on Discrete Surfaces." The primary purpose of this code is to illustrate how the algorithm works; it is likely not suitable for large meshes. Furthermore, for simplicity, this version of the code works only on genus-0 surfaces without boundary, i.e., topological spheres. You can test the code from the MATLAB command line by simply typing 'run' from the install directory. You should be presented with a plot that looks like the one below, exhibiting a single singularity of index +2 on the sphere.
This code was developed for an introductory undergraduate course on discrete
differential geometry, and follows three prior assignments:
Topological Invariants of Discrete Surfaces Mesh Smoothing Vector Field Decomposition
http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~keenan/ddg_exercises/ddg_hw1.pdf
http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~keenan/ddg_exercises/ddg_hw2.pdf
http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~keenan/ddg_exercises/ddg_hw2.pdf
The material above builds all of the necessary concepts (both code and math) from the ground up, and should provide a concrete understanding of most of the ideas used in this code -- the remaining ideas are discussed in the paper
"Trivial Connections on Discrete Surfaces"
Keenan Crane, Mathieu Desbrun, Peter Schröder
SGP 2010 / Computer Graphics Forum
http://www.cs.caltech.edu/~keenan/pdf/connections.pdf
Finally, please do not hesitate to send bugs or questions to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>--------------------- LICENSE --------------------- The following terms and conditions apply to the materials contained in this archive -- they are based on the FreeBSD open source software license: Copyright 2010 Keenan Crane. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.   The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of any other person or institution.


Find out about the ways to deal with debts if you are falling behind with day-to-day bills, loan and credit card repayments or other commitments & get some free advice by speaking to one of our financial advisers over the phone?
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


public interface ServerAdmin
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
ServerAdmin.AclLevelRelation |
static class |
ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup
These values are used as input to the
getServerClusterMates(String, ClusterLookup)
function.When you specify the ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_NOCACHE value, the call retrieves the input server's
cluster member list through a NameLookup on the input server.The client cluster cache is not used for determining this information. When you specify the ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_CACHEONLY value, the call is forced to retrieve
the server's cluster member list from the local client cluster cache.There is no NameLookup performed on the server in this case. |
static interface |
ServerAdmin.ConsoleHandler
Handler to receive a server console line with text and meta data
|
static interface |
ServerAdmin.DominoSSOToken
SSO Token for a Domino username and server
|
static interface |
ServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo |
static interface |
ServerAdmin.RegistrationMessageHandler |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
ServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo |
computeDatabaseAccess(String server,
String username,
boolean forceNewScan)
Using this method you can efficiently scan a server directory and compute the
AclAccess
of users on the databases. |
ServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo |
computeDatabaseAccess(String server,
UserNamesList user,
boolean forceNewScan)
Using this method you can efficiently scan a server directory and compute the
AclAccess
of users on the databases. |
ServerStatusLine |
createServerStatusLine(String taskName)
Creates a new status line for the given name.
|
ServerAdmin.DominoSSOToken |
generateSSOToken(String orgName,
String configName,
String userName,
TemporalAccessor creationDate,
TemporalAccessor expirationDate,
boolean enableRenewal)
Generates a new SSO token on the current server
|
List<String> |
getServerClusterMates(String serverName,
ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup lookupMode)
This function retrieves a list of server names that belong to the
same cluster as the specified server.
If the serverName parameter is NULL then the function retrieves the cluster
members of the user's home server.The lookupMode parameter controls how the information is retrieved.If the ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_NOCACHE flag is specified then the information is
retrieved using a NameLookup on the server only.If the ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_CACHEONLY flag is specified then the information is
retrieved using the client's cluster name cache.If no flag (a value of NULL) is specified, then the information is retrieved first through the client's cluster name cache and if that is not successful, then through a NameLookup on the server. Note that the list returned does not include the input server name (or home server name if NULL was specified). getServerClusterMates(String, ClusterLookup) uses the Address book specified by the user's location record.Unless cascading Address books or Directory Assistance is enabled, the Notes mail domain field in the user's location record must be set to the domain name for the server(s) in the cluster and the Home/mail server field must be set to a server in this domain. If the target server is in a different domain than specified in the user's location record then in order for getServerClusterMates(String, ClusterLookup) to succeed, you must have cascading Address
books or Directory Assistance enabled and the target domain's Address book must be in the
list of Address books to be searched. |
UserNamesList |
getUserNamesList(String server,
String username)
Compute the name variants and groups of this user on the provided server.
|
void |
logMessage(String messageText)
Logs a message to the server using the Addin API.
|
void |
markInService(String server,
String filePath)
This function marks a cluster database in service by clearing the database option flag OUT_OF_SERVICE, if set.
When a call to markInService(String, String) is successful, the Cluster Manager enables
users to access the database again by removing the "out of service" access restriction.Traditional Domino database access control list (ACL) privileges apply under all circumstances. |
void |
markOutOfService(String server,
String filePath)
This function marks a cluster database out of service for remote user sessions by modifying
the database option flags to include OUT_OF_SERVICE.
When this operation is successful, the Cluster Manager denies any new user sessions for this database. This restriction is in addition to any restrictions set forth in the database access control list (ACL). The purpose of this function is allow the system administrator to perform maintenance on a database without requiring a server shutdown or having to use the database ACL to restrict access. In order to use markOutOfService(String, String) with a database on a clustered server, the remote
Notes user must have at least designer access privileges.If a user's privilege level is insufficient, a database access error is returned. The markOutOfService(String, String) function affects only databases that reside on
Domino clusters.You can mark a database back in service by calling the markInService(String, String) function.For more information, see the Domino Administration Help database. |
void |
openServerConsole(String serverName,
ServerAdmin.ConsoleHandler handler)
Opens a remote console for the specified server
|
void |
registerCrossCertificate(String certFilePath,
String certPW,
String certLogPath,
DominoDateTime expirationDateTime,
String regServer,
Path idFilePath,
String comment,
ServerAdmin.RegistrationMessageHandler msgHandler)
This function will cross-certify an ID with another organization's hierarchy.
It will open the Domino Directory (Server's Address book) on the specified registration server, verify write access to the book, and add a new Cross Certificate entry. |
String |
sendConsoleCommand(String server,
String command)
Sends a console command to a Domino server
|
void markInService(String server, String filePath)
markInService(String, String)
is successful, the Cluster Manager enables
users to access the database again by removing the "out of service" access restriction.markInService(String, String)
on a database in a cluster, the remote Notes
user must have at least designer access privileges for the specified database.
If a user does not have the proper privileges, a database access error is returned.markInService(String, String)
function only affects databases within a Lotus Domino Server cluster.server
- db serverfilePath
- db filepathvoid markOutOfService(String server, String filePath)
markOutOfService(String, String)
with a database on a clustered server, the remote
Notes user must have at least designer access privileges.markOutOfService(String, String)
function affects only databases that reside on
Domino clusters.markInService(String, String)
function.server
- db serverfilePath
- db filepathString sendConsoleCommand(String server, String command)
server
- server to contact, use "" for current servercommand
- command to executeServerAdmin.DominoSSOToken generateSSOToken(String orgName, String configName, String userName, TemporalAccessor creationDate, TemporalAccessor expirationDate, boolean enableRenewal)
orgName
- organization that the server belongs to, use null if not using Internet Site views for configurationconfigName
- name of Web SSO configuration to useuserName
- Notes name to encode in the token, use either canonical or abbreviated formatcreationDate
- creation time to set for the token, use null for the current timeexpirationDate
- expiration time to set for the token, use null to use expiration from specified Web SSO configurationenableRenewal
- if true, the generated token contains the DominoDateTime
where the token expires (for Domino only)UserNamesList getUserNamesList(String server, String username)
server
- the server to query, use "" for current serverusername
- usernameUserNamesList
of user names that describe the userServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo computeDatabaseAccess(String server, UserNamesList user, boolean forceNewScan)
AclAccess
of users on the databases. While the first invocation may take a while to populate
an internal cache of DB ACL copies, following calls should be pretty fast, because
no databases have to be opened anymore. The cache is stored in the scope of this
ServerAdmin
object. So getting a new instance via DominoClient.getServerAdmin()
requires rebuilding the cache.server
- the server to query, use "" for current serveruser
- UserNamesList
of user to compute the effective database access levelforceNewScan
- true to enforce a new directory scan (slow, I/O heavy); if false we return cached results on the second callServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo
providing access to database/access pairsServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo computeDatabaseAccess(String server, String username, boolean forceNewScan)
AclAccess
of users on the databases. While the first invocation may take a while to populate
an internal cache of DB ACL copies, following calls should be pretty fast, because
no databases have to be opened anymore. The cache is stored in the scope of this
ServerAdmin
object. So getting a new instance via DominoClient.getServerAdmin()
requires rebuilding the cache.server
- the server to query, use "" for current serverusername
- username to compute the effective database access levelforceNewScan
- true to enforce a new directory scan (slow, I/O heavy); if false we return cached results on the second callServerAdmin.MultiDatabaseAccessInfo
providing access to database/access pairsList<String> getServerClusterMates(String serverName, ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup lookupMode)
serverName
parameter is NULL then the function retrieves the cluster
members of the user's home server.lookupMode
parameter controls how the information is retrieved.ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_NOCACHE
flag is specified then the information is
retrieved using a NameLookup on the server only.ServerAdmin.ClusterLookup.LOOKUP_CACHEONLY
flag is specified then the information is
retrieved using the client's cluster name cache.getServerClusterMates(String, ClusterLookup)
uses the Address book specified by the user's location record.getServerClusterMates(String, ClusterLookup)
to succeed, you must have cascading Address
books or Directory Assistance enabled and the target domain's Address book must be in the
list of Address books to be searched.serverName
- The name of the Lotus Domino Server where the lookup will be performed (canonical or abbreviated format). Specify a value of NULL if the client's home server is to be used for the lookup.lookupMode
- lookup mode or null for "first local cache, then remote lookup"void registerCrossCertificate(String certFilePath, String certPW, String certLogPath, DominoDateTime expirationDateTime, String regServer, Path idFilePath, String comment, ServerAdmin.RegistrationMessageHandler msgHandler)
certFilePath
- Pathname of the certifier id filecertPW
- certifier passwordcertLogPath
- Pathname of the certifier's log file. This parameter is required for Domino installations that use the Administration Process so that when using other C API function that require a Certifier Context, the proper entries will be entered in the Certification Log file (CERTLOG.NSF) . If your Domino installation does not include a Certification Log (does not use the Administration Process), then you should pass in NULL for this parameter.expirationDateTime
- certificate expiration date for the entity that is being certifiedregServer
- name of the Lotus Domino registration server containing the Domino Directory. The string should be no longer than MAXUSERNAME (256 bytes). If you want to specify "no server" (the local machine), pass "".idFilePath
- the pathname of the ID file to be cross-certifiedcomment
- Any additional identifying information to be stored in the Domino DirectorymsgHandler
- optional callback to receive status messages or nullServerStatusLine createServerStatusLine(String taskName)
This method only applies when running on a Domino server locally.
taskName
- the name of the task to show in the linevoid openServerConsole(String serverName, ServerAdmin.ConsoleHandler handler)
serverName
- server name (abbreviated or canonical format) or empty string for local serverhandler
- handler to receive the console messagesvoid logMessage(String messageText)
messageText
- the text to log to the serverCopyright © 2019–2021 HCL. All rights reserved.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I'm bald, I'm learning Python, and I have a hankering for tofu wings.


Emitted when a child process has exitted
Emitted when a child process has an error when spawning
Emitted when an internal consistency check fails
Emitted when tasks receive data, which may be partial chunks from the task stream.
Emitted when a task has an error
Emitted when a child process has an error during shutdown
Emitted when this instance is in the process of ending.
Emitted when this instance has ended. No child processes should remain at this point.
Generated using TypeDoc
Emitted when a child process has started


 It consists of lessons learned from 2+ decades of designing, constructing, maintaining multiple enterprise software systems in the Insurance (Policy,Claims,Actuarial), Medical Infomatics, Digital Asset Management, and other domains. These systems were designed and constructed based upon antecedent applications, necessitating smooth transitions of data & users, continuity of service to adjacent systems.
Technology migrations included Mainframe to Distributed, Monolith to SOA, Monolith to Microservices, CRUD based to CQRS and Event Sourcing, VB to C#, ColdFusion to C#, tradition request-response website to Single Page Application.
UX applications include websites using ASP, ASP.NET Webforms, ASP.NET MVC, Razor Pages, Javascript based Single Page Application, Windows Forms, and WPF.
ITIL, Waterfall, Agile, and peculiar combinations have been encountered, resulting in lessons learned from a variety of SOPs and Methodologies. Over time, some concepts, processes, and practices consistently evinced their utility, and others fell by the wayside.


{% set header_title = 'Knowledge Base - How can we help you?' %}
{% extends 'layouts/layout-1.html' %}
{% set navbar_sticky = true %}
{% set navbar_expand_lg = true %}
{% block content %}
{% from "macros/article.html" import articleList %}
{{ articleList("Quantial", "4", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Make menu dropdown working without JavaScript", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Google Analytics", "single-article.blade.php"], ["How to manually import Demo data (if you faced with problems in one-click demo import)", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Sensific", "4", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Google Analytics", "single-article.blade.php"], ["How to manually import Demo data (if you faced with problems in one-click demo import)", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Make menu dropdown working witho", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Desty", "2", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Make menu dropdown working without JavaScript", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Google Map API Warning (NoApiKeys)", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Silies", "3", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Add top menu link inside dropdown on mobile devices", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Google Map API Warning (NoApiKeys)", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Make dropdown items links working", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Interra", "3", "showCategories.blade.php", [["WordPress Themes FAQ", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Make menu dropdown working without JavaScript", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Google Analytics", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Explora", "2", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Google Map API Warning (NoApiKeys)", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Make menu dropdown working without JavaScript", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Thoute", "2", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Make menu dropdown working without JavaScript", "single-article.blade.php"], ["Google Map API Warning (NoApiKeys)", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}
{{ articleList("Accountry", "3", "showCategories.blade.php", [["Google Analytics", "single-article.blade.php"], ["How to open image by click on slider", "single-article.blade.php"], ["WordPress Themes FAQ", "single-article.blade.php"]]) }}


This scenario demonstrates how to store the selection state from the ListView and how to restore it. To simulate suspending the app, click on the suspend and shut down button in Visual Studio. On re-launch, the selection state of the ListView will be the same as when the application was suspended.


Instantiates a placeholder tensor and returns it.
tf.compat.v1.keras.backend.placeholder
tf.compat.v2.keras.backend.placeholder
tf.keras.backend.placeholder( shape=None, ndim=None, dtype=None, sparse=False, name=None, ragged=False )
shape
: Shape of the placeholder
(integer tuple, may include None
entries).ndim
: Number of axes of the tensor.
At least one of {shape
, ndim
} must be specified.
If both are specified, shape
is used.dtype
: Placeholder type.sparse
: Boolean, whether the placeholder should have a sparse type.name
: Optional name string for the placeholder.ragged
: Boolean, whether the placeholder should have a ragged type.
In this case, values of 'None' in the 'shape' argument represent
ragged dimensions. For more information about RaggedTensors, see this
guide.ValueError
: If called with eager executionValueError
: If called with sparse = True and ragged = True.Tensor instance (with Keras metadata included).
>>> from keras import backend as K >>> input_ph = K.placeholder(shape=(2, 4, 5)) >>> input_ph <tf.Tensor 'Placeholder_4:0' shape=(2, 4, 5) dtype=float32>


 It gives them admin access to the project, so be careful!" %}
{% endif %}
{% trans "Choose which user you would like to add." %}
{% endblock %}


If you are seeing this page you have successfully logged in and granted permissions for the TenantBuilder App. You may close this window


In the Export Options dialog, you can define export parameters. The dialog displays when you click Options in the Export section
of the Options dialog.
Define export parameters:
- Layers and properties
- By Entity
- By Layer
- New Layer
- Export Layers Standard
- Default
- AIA
- CP38
- BS1192
- ISO13567
- Linetype scaling
- Model space
- Paper space
- View scale
- Coordinate system bases
- Units of a DWG file
- Millimeters
- Centimeters
- Meters
- Inches
- Feet
- Export rooms and areas as polylines


| OAuth | J. Richer, Ed. |
| Internet-Draft | The MITRE Corporation |
| Intended status: Standards Track | W. Mills, Ed. |
| Expires: June 01, 2013 | Yahoo! Inc. |
| H. Tschofenig, Ed. | |
| Nokia Siemens Networks | |
| November 28, 2012 |
OAuth 2.0 Message Authentication Code (MAC) Tokens
draft-ietf-oauth-v2-http-mac-02
This document specifies the HTTP MAC access authentication scheme, an HTTP authentication method using a message authentication code (MAC) algorithm to provide cryptographic verification of portions of HTTP requests. The document also defines an OAuth 2.0 binding for use as an access token type.
NOTE: This document (and other OAuth 2.0 security documents, such as [I-D.tschofenig-oauth-hotk]) are still work in progress in the OAuth working group. As such, the content of this document may change. For a discussion about security requirements please consult [I-D.tschofenig-oauth-security]. Your input on the detailed security requirements is highly appreciated.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 01, 2013.
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
This specification defines the HTTP MAC access authentication scheme, providing a method for making authenticated HTTP requests with partial cryptographic verification of the request, covering the HTTP method, request URI, and host.
Similar to the HTTP Basic access authentication scheme [RFC2617], the MAC scheme utilizes a set of client credentials which include an identifier and key. However, in contrast with the Basic scheme, the key is never included in authenticated requests but is used to calculate the request MAC value which is included instead.
The MAC scheme requires the establishment of a shared symmetric key between the client and the server. This specification offers one such method for issuing a set of MAC credentials to the client using OAuth 2.0 in the form of a MAC-type access token.
The primary design goal of this mechanism is to simplify and improve HTTP authentication for services that are unwilling or unable to employ TLS for every request. In particular, this mechanism leverage an initial TLS setup phase to establish a shared secret between the client and the server. The shared secret is then used over an insecure channel to provide protection against a passive network attacker.
In particular, when a server uses this mechanism, a passive network attacker will be unable to "steal" the user's session token, as is possible today with cookies and other bearer tokens. In addition, this mechanism helps secure the session token against leakage when sent over a secure channel to the wrong server. For example, when the client uses some form of dynamic configuration to determine where to send an authenticated request, or when the client fails to properly validate the server's identity as part of its TLS handshake.
Unlike the HTTP Digest authentication scheme, this mechanism does not require interacting with the server to prevent replay attacks. Instead, the client provides both a nonce and a timestamp, which the server can use to prevent replay attacks using a bounded amount of storage. Also unlike Digest, this mechanism is not intended to protect the user's password itself because the client and server both have access to the key material in the clear. Instead, servers should issue a short-lived derivative credential for this mechanism during the initial TLS setup phase.
The client attempts to access a protected resource without authentication, making the following HTTP request to the resource server:
GET /resource/1?b=1&a=2 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com
The resource server returns the following authentication challenge:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized WWW-Authenticate: MAC
The client has previously obtained a set of MAC credentials for accessing resources on the http://example.com/ server. The MAC credentials issued to the client include the following attributes:
The client constructs the authentication header by calculating a timestamp (e.g. the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and generating a random string used as a nonce:
The client constructs the normalized request string (the new line separator character is represented by \n for display purposes only; the trailing new line separator signify that no extension value is included with the request, explained below):
1336363200\n dj83hs9s\n GET\n /resource/1?b=1&a=2\n example.com\n 80\n \n
The request MAC is calculated using the specified MAC algorithm hmac-sha-1 and the MAC key over the normalized request string. The result is base64-encoded to produce the request MAC:
bhCQXTVyfj5cmA9uKkPFx1zeOXM=
The client includes the MAC key identifier, nonce, and request MAC with the request using the Authorization request header field:
GET /resource/1?b=1&a=2 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Authorization: MAC id="h480djs93hd8", ts="1336363200", nonce="dj83hs9s", mac="bhCQXTVyfj5cmA9uKkPFx1zeOXM="
The server validates the request by calculating the request MAC again based on the request received and verifies the validity and scope of the MAC credentials. If valid, the server responds with the requested resource representation.
The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
This specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) notation of [I-D.ietf-httpbis-p1-messaging]. Additionally, the following rules are included from [RFC2617]: auth-param.
This specification provides one method for issuing MAC credentials using OAuth 2.0 as described in Section 5. This specification does not mandate servers to support any particular method for issuing MAC credentials, and other methods MAY be defined and used. Whenever MAC credentials are issued, the credentials MUST include the following attributes:
The MAC key identifier, MAC key, MAC algorithm strings MUST NOT include characters other than:
%x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E ; Any printable ASCII character except for <"> and <\>
To make authenticated requests, the client must be in the possession of a valid set of MAC credentials accepted by the server. The client constructs the request by calculating a set of attributes, and adding them to the HTTP request using the Authorization request header field as described in Section 3.1.
The Authorization request header field uses the framework defined by [RFC2617] as follows:
credentials = "MAC" 1*SP #params params = id / ts / nonce / ext / mac id = "id" "=" string-value ts = "ts" "=" ( <"> timestamp <"> ) / timestamp nonce = "nonce" "=" string-value ext = "ext" "=" string-value mac = "mac" "=" string-value timestamp = 1*DIGIT string-value = ( <"> plain-string <"> ) / plain-string plain-string = 1*( %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E )
The header attributes are set as follows:
Attributes MUST NOT appear more than once. Attribute values are limited to a subset of ASCII, which does not require escaping, as defined by the plain-string ABNF.
The client uses the MAC algorithm and the MAC key to calculate the request MAC. This specification defines two algorithms: hmac-sha-1 and hmac-sha-256, and provides an extension registry for additional algorithms.
The normalized request string is a consistent, reproducible concatenation of several of the HTTP request elements into a single string. By normalizing the request into a reproducible string, the client and server can both calculate the request MAC over the exact same value.
The string is constructed by concatenating together, in order, the following HTTP request elements, each followed by a new line character (%x0A):
Each element is followed by a new line character (%x0A) including the last element and even when an element value is an empty string.
For example, the HTTP request:
POST /request?b5=%3D%253D&a3=a&c%40=&a2=r%20b&c2&a3=2+q HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Hello World!
using timestamp 264095:7d8f3e4a, nonce 7d8f3e4a, and extension string a,b,c is normalized into the following string (the new line separator character is represented by \n for display purposes only):
264095\n 7d8f3e4a\n POST\n /request?b5=%3D%253D&a3=a&c%40=&a2=r%20b&c2&a3=2+q\n example.com\n 80\n a,b,c\n
hmac-sha-1 uses the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm as defined in [RFC2104]:
mac = HMAC-SHA1 (key, text)
Where:
hmac-sha-256 uses the HMAC algorithm as defined in [RFC2104] together with the SHA-256 hash function defined in [NIST-FIPS-180-3]:
mac = HMAC-SHA256 (key, text)
Where:
A server receiving an authenticated request validates it by performing the following REQUIRED steps:
If the request fails verification, the server SHOULD respond using the 401 (Unauthorized) HTTP status code and include the WWW-Authenticate response header field as described in Section 4.2.
The timestamp, nonce, and MAC key identifier combination provide a unique identifier which enables the server to prevent replay attacks. Without replay protection, an attacker can use a compromised (but otherwise valid and authenticated) request more than once, gaining long term access to a protected resource.
Including a timestamp with the nonce removes the need to retain an infinite number of nonce values for future checks, by enabling the server to restrict the time period after which a request with an old timestamp is rejected. If such a restriction is enforced, the server MUST:
If the protected resource request does not include authentication credentials, contains an invalid MAC key identifier, or is malformed, the server SHOULD include the HTTP WWW-Authenticate response header field.
For example:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized WWW-Authenticate: MAC
The WWW-Authenticate request header field uses the framework defined by [RFC2617] as follows:
challenge = "MAC" [ 1*SP #param ] param = error / auth-param error = "error" "=" ( token / quoted-string)
Each attribute MUST NOT appear more than once.
If the protected resource request included a MAC Authorization request header field and failed authentication, the server MAY include the error attribute to provide the client with a human-readable explanation why the access request was declined to assist the client developer in identifying the problem.
For example:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized WWW-Authenticate: MAC error="The MAC credentials expired"
OAuth 2.0 ([RFC6749]) defines an extensible token-based authentication framework. The MAC authentication scheme can be used to make OAuth-based requests by issuing MAC-type access tokens.
This specification does not define methods for the client to specifically request a MAC-type token from the authorization server. Additionally, it does not include any discovery facilities for identifying which HMAC algorithms are supported by a resource server, or how the client may go about obtaining MAC access tokens for any given protected resource.
Authorization servers issuing MAC-type access tokens MUST include the following parameters whenever a response includes the access_token parameter:
For example:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: application/json Cache-Control: no-store { "access_token":"SlAV32hkKG", "token_type":"mac", "expires_in":3600, "refresh_token":"8xLOxBtZp8", "mac_key":"adijq39jdlaska9asud", "mac_algorithm":"hmac-sha-256" }
As stated in [RFC2617], the greatest sources of risks are usually found not in the core protocol itself but in policies and procedures surrounding its use. Implementers are strongly encouraged to assess how this protocol addresses their security requirements.
This specification describes two mechanism for obtaining or transmitting MAC keys, both require the use of a transport-layer security mechanism when sending MAC keys to the client. Additional methods used to obtain MAC credentials must ensure that these transmissions are protected using transport-layer mechanisms such as TLS or SSL.
While this protocol provides a mechanism for verifying the integrity of requests, it provides no guarantee of request confidentiality. Unless further precautions are taken, eavesdroppers will have full access to request content. Servers should carefully consider the kinds of data likely to be sent as part of such requests, and should employ transport-layer security mechanisms to protect sensitive resources.
This protocol makes no attempt to verify the authenticity of the server. A hostile party could take advantage of this by intercepting the client's requests and returning misleading or otherwise incorrect responses. Service providers should consider such attacks when developing services using this protocol, and should require transport-layer security for any requests where the authenticity of the resource server or of request responses is an issue.
The MAC key functions the same way passwords do in traditional authentication systems. In order to compute the request MAC, the server must have access to the MAC key in plaintext form. This is in contrast, for example, to modern operating systems, which store only a one-way hash of user credentials.
If an attacker were to gain access to these MAC keys - or worse, to the server's database of all such MAC keys - he or she would be able to perform any action on behalf of any resource owner. Accordingly, it is critical that servers protect these MAC keys from unauthorized access.
Unless a transport-layer security protocol is used, eavesdroppers will have full access to authenticated requests and request MAC values, and will thus be able to mount offline brute-force attacks to recover the MAC key used. Servers should be careful to assign MAC keys which are long enough, and random enough, to resist such attacks for at least the length of time that the MAC credentials are valid.
For example, if the MAC credentials are valid for two weeks, servers should ensure that it is not possible to mount a brute force attack that recovers the MAC key in less than two weeks. Of course, servers are urged to err on the side of caution, and use the longest MAC key reasonable.
It is equally important that the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to generate these MAC keys be of sufficiently high quality. Many PRNG implementations generate number sequences that may appear to be random, but which nevertheless exhibit patterns or other weaknesses which make cryptanalysis or brute force attacks easier. Implementers should be careful to use cryptographically secure PRNGs to avoid these problems.
This specification includes a number of features which may make resource exhaustion attacks against servers possible. For example, this protocol requires servers to track used nonces. If an attacker is able to use many nonces quickly, the resources required to track them may exhaust available capacity. And again, this protocol can require servers to perform potentially expensive computations in order to verify the request MAC on incoming requests. An attacker may exploit this to perform a denial of service attack by sending a large number of invalid requests to the server.
Resource Exhaustion attacks are by no means specific to this specification. However, implementers should be careful to consider the additional avenues of attack that this protocol exposes, and design their implementations accordingly. For example, entropy starvation typically results in either a complete denial of service while the system waits for new entropy or else in weak (easily guessable) MAC keys. When implementing this protocol, servers should consider which of these presents a more serious risk for their application and design accordingly.
This specification makes use of HMACs, for which a signature verification involves comparing the received MAC string to the expected one. If the string comparison operator operates in observably different times depending on inputs, e.g. because it compares the strings character by character and returns a negative result as soon as two characters fail to match, then it may be possible to use this timing information to determine the expected MAC, character by character.
Service implementers are encouraged to use fixed-time string comparators for MAC verification.
A Cross-Site Request Forgery attack occurs when a site, evil.com, initiates within the victim's browser the loading of a URL from or the posting of a form to a web site where a side-effect will occur, e.g. transfer of money, change of status message, etc. To prevent this kind of attack, web sites may use various techniques to determine that the originator of the request is indeed the site itself, rather than a third party. The classic approach is to include, in the set of URL parameters or form content, a nonce generated by the server and tied to the user's session, which indicates that only the server could have triggered the action.
Recently, the Origin HTTP header has been proposed and deployed in some browsers. This header indicates the scheme, host, and port of the originator of a request. Some web applications may use this Origin header as a defense against CSRF.
To keep this specification simple, HTTP headers are not part of the string to be MAC'ed. As a result, MAC authentication cannot defend against header spoofing, and a web site that uses the Host header to defend against CSRF attacks cannot use MAC authentication to defend against active network attackers. Sites that want the full protection of MAC Authentication should use traditional, cookie-tied CSRF defenses.
The normalized request string has been designed to support the authentication methods defined in this specification. Those designing additional methods, should evaluated the compatibility of the normalized request string with their security requirements. Since the normalized request string does not cover the entire HTTP request, servers should employ additional mechanisms to protect such elements.
The request MAC does not cover entity-header fields which can often affect how the request body is interpreted by the server (i.e. Content-Type). If the server behavior is influenced by the presence or value of such header fields, an attacker can manipulate the request header without being detected.
This specification establishes the HTTP MAC authentication scheme algorithm registry.
Additional MAC algorithms are registered on the advice of one or more Designated Experts (appointed by the IESG or their delegate), with a Specification Required (using terminology from [RFC5226]). However, to allow for the allocation of values prior to publication, the Designated Expert(s) may approve registration once they are satisfied that such a specification will be published.
Registration requests should be sent to the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list for review and comment, with an appropriate subject (e.g., "Request for MAC Algorithm: example"). [[ Note to RFC-EDITOR: The name of the mailing list should be determined in consultation with the IESG and IANA. Suggested name: http-mac-ext-review. ]]
Within at most 14 days of the request, the Designated Expert(s) will either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this decision to the review list and IANA. Denials should include an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the request successful.
Decisions (or lack thereof) made by the Designated Expert can be first appealed to Application Area Directors (contactable using<EMAIL_ADDRESS>email address or directly by looking up their email addresses on http://www.iesg.org/ website) and, if the appellant is not satisfied with the response, to the full IESG (using the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list).
IANA should only accept registry updates from the Designated Expert(s), and should direct all requests for registration to the review mailing list.
The HTTP MAC authentication scheme algorithm registry's initial contents are:
This specification registers the following access token type in the OAuth Access Token Type Registry.
This specification registers the following parameters in the OAuth Parameters Registry established by [RFC6749].
This document is based on OAuth 1.0 and we would like to thank Eran Hammer-Lahav for his work on incorporating the ideas into OAuth 2.0.
The author would like to thank Ben Adida, Adam Barth, Phil Hunt, Rasmus Lerdorf, James Manger, William Mills, Scott Renfro, Justin Richer, Toby White, Peter Wolanin, and Skylar Woodward for their contributions, suggestions, and feedback.
| [1] | Tschofenig, H and P Hunt, "OAuth 2.0 Security: Going Beyond Bearer Tokens", Internet-Draft draft-tschofenig-oauth-security-00, September 2012. |
| [2] | Bradley, J, Hunt, P, Nadalin, A and H Tschofenig, "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework: Holder-of-the-Key Token Usage", Internet-Draft draft-tschofenig-oauth-hotk-01, July 2012. |
| [3] | Hammer-Lahav, E., "The OAuth 1.0 Protocol", RFC 5849, April 2010. |


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java.lang.Object org.catechis.file.FileCategories
public class FileCategories
* Replaced by FileWordCategoriesManager * This class was created to create file specific methods to used categories or words.
This object is not threadsafe.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
private java.util.Vector |
log
|
private java.lang.String |
root_path
|
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
FileCategories()
This no args constructor is to open up the utility methods for use. |
|
FileCategories(java.lang.String _root_path)
This constructor allows the root path to get files from. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
addCategory(java.lang.String category,
java.lang.String root_path,
java.lang.String user_name)
A calling method has to know not to put the .xml on the end of the new file name, as in the future, we hope such thngs will be done in a db. |
void |
append(java.util.Vector v)
|
void |
deleteCategory(java.lang.String category,
java.lang.String root_path,
java.lang.String user_name)
|
java.util.Vector |
getFilteredFiles(java.lang.String user_name,
java.lang.String file_type,
java.lang.String folder)
This method takes a user name, a file extension type, such as xml or test, and a subfolder name, such as ../files/... |
java.util.Vector |
getFilteredFiles2(java.lang.String user_name,
java.lang.String file_type,
java.lang.String folder,
java.lang.String encoding)
This method takes a user name, a file extension type, such as xml or test, and a subfolder name, such as ../files/... |
java.lang.String |
getFirstDate(Word word)
|
java.util.Vector |
getLog()
deguggin |
java.util.ArrayList |
getSortedKeys(java.util.Hashtable hash)
|
java.util.Hashtable |
getSortedWordCategories(java.lang.String user_name)
The first argument can be used to distinguish between exclusive and non-exclusive categories. |
java.util.Hashtable |
getSortedWordCategories2(java.lang.String user_name,
java.lang.String encoding)
Returns a Hashtable with the keys as the first test date found by searching all the words for the earliest date of entry. |
java.util.Vector |
getWords(java.lang.String file_name,
java.lang.String folder,
java.lang.String user_name)
Returns a vector of Word objects gotten from JDOMSolution The folder argument was included when we were considering creating a suv-folder for words, but we havent got there yet. |
void |
writeDocument(java.lang.String file_name,
org.jdom.Document doc)
Write document with no encoding. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
private java.util.Vector log
private java.lang.String root_path
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public FileCategories()
public FileCategories(java.lang.String _root_path)
| Method Detail |
|---|
public java.util.Hashtable getSortedWordCategories(java.lang.String user_name)
getSortedWordCategories
in interface Categories
public java.util.Hashtable getSortedWordCategories2(java.lang.String user_name, java.lang.String encoding)
public java.util.Vector getWords(java.lang.String file_name, java.lang.String folder, java.lang.String user_name)
Returns a vector of Word objects gotten from JDOMSolution The folder argument was included when we were considering creating a suv-folder for words, but we havent got there yet.
getWords
in interface Categories
public java.util.Vector getFilteredFiles(java.lang.String user_name, java.lang.String file_type, java.lang.String folder)
This method takes a user name, a file extension type, such as xml or test, and a subfolder name, such as ../files/...
Thils leaves open the possibility of sub-folders.
getFilteredFiles
in interface Categories
public java.util.Vector getFilteredFiles2(java.lang.String user_name, java.lang.String file_type, java.lang.String folder, java.lang.String encoding)
This method takes a user name, a file extension type, such as xml or test, and a subfolder name, such as ../files/...
Thils leaves open the possibility of sub-folders.
public java.lang.String getFirstDate(Word word)
getFirstDate
in interface Categories
public java.util.ArrayList getSortedKeys(java.util.Hashtable hash)
getSortedKeys
in interface Categories
public void addCategory(java.lang.String category, java.lang.String root_path, java.lang.String user_name)
A calling method has to know not to put the .xml on the end of the new file name, as in the future, we hope such thngs will be done in a db.
Previously we have kepy JDOM specific methods out of the interface-based objects, but JDOMSolution has become huge, so it seemed like a better thing to do memory wise was just do some of the work here. When we create, say
a HibernateCategories object, it can implement addCategories any way it wants.
addCategory
in interface Categories
public void deleteCategory(java.lang.String category, java.lang.String root_path, java.lang.String user_name)
public void writeDocument(java.lang.String file_name, org.jdom.Document doc)
Write document with no encoding.
public java.util.Vector getLog()
public void append(java.util.Vector v)
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Description: Reject a Deferred object and call any failCallbacks with the given args.
args: Object Optional arguments that are passed to the failCallbacks.
Normally, only the creator of a Deferred should call this method; you can prevent other code from changing the Deferred's state by returning a restricted Promise object through deferred.promise()
.
When the Deferred is rejected, any failCallbacks added by deferred.then
or deferred.fail
are called. Callbacks are executed in the order they were added. Each callback is passed the args
from the deferred.reject()
call. Any failCallbacks added after the Deferred enters the rejected state are executed immediately when they are added, using the arguments that were passed to the .reject()
call. For more information, see the documentation for Deferred object.


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Technical blog from Craig Russell.
This articles describes the provided coroutine test dispatchers, standard and unconfined, the difference between them, and when to use each
A coroutine dispatcher
determines which thread (or thread pool) should be used for running the coroutine. You are likely familiar with standard dispatchers, such as Dispatchers.IO
and Dispatchers.Default
(and Dispatchers.Main
if working in Android). When using these, we can ensure that a coroutine is performed on the correct type of thread (e.g., threads meant for heavy CPU work, or IO work, or main thread etc…)
Coroutine Dispatchers determine what thread or threads the corresponding coroutine uses for its execution. The coroutine dispatcher can confine coroutine execution to a specific thread, dispatch it to a thread pool, or let it run unconfined.
- Source: kotlinlang
launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
// do work that might be computationally expensive for the CPU
// uses a thread pool
// - typically sized to have one thread for every CPU core the device has
// - minimum of 2 threads
}
launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
// do IO work, like reading from disk or sending data over the network
// uses a thread pool
// - the number of threads can grow and shrink on demand up to a pre-configured max size
// - default max thread pool is 64
}
launch (Dispatchers.Main) {
// runs on the Android main thread. e.g., used for when interacting with Views
}
When writing unit tests, it is recommended to use a TestDispatcher
instead of a real coroutine dispatcher.
Doing so allows you to have more control over how and when coroutines are launched in your classes under test, and can therefore result in more deterministic and reliable tests. You can control time, like skipping calls to delay
to make tests run faster than they otherwise would, or advancing virtual time forward by a certain amount and asserting on the state of your coroutines at that moment.
In order to dispatch coroutines using a test dispatcher, you should inject coroutine dispatchers.
If you’ve read the above, you now know:
What remains now is deciding which of the two available test dispatchers to use. Let’s see what the options are:
A standard test dispatcher does not execute any tasks automatically. When coroutines are launched with this dispatcher, instead of executing immediately they are left in a pending state.
This gives you full control over what is executed and when, so that you use that fine control to assert your code is working as expected.
You can access the TestCoroutineScheduler
linked to the StandardTestDispatcher
which provides methods for controlling the execution state of pending tasks. The following functions can be called directly from inside your runTest
block.
An unconfined test dispatcher offers no guarantees on the order in which coroutines will be launched.
In return for giving up this control, however, you are not required to manually call runCurrent()
and advanceUntilIdle()
in your tests as coroutines are eagerly launched with this dispatcher.
Using this TestDispatcher can greatly simplify writing tests where it’s not important which thread is used when and in which order the queued coroutines are executed. Another typical use case for this dispatcher is launching child coroutines that are resumed immediately, without going through a dispatch; this can be helpful for testing Channel and StateFlow usages. (Source)
| Test Dispatcher Type | Full control over execution order | Coroutines Run Automatically |
|---|---|---|
| Standard | ✅ | ❌ |
| Unconfined | ❌ | ✅ |


| Top |
Description
This object implements the NcWindow class for a top-hat window function.
The top-hat window function in the real space is defined as, \begin{equation*} W_{TH}(r, R) = \frac{3}{4\pi R^3}, \,\,\,\, \mathrm{for} \,\,\, r \leq R \,\, , \end{equation*} and 0 otherwise. The mass enclosed within the volume selected by this window function is $$M_{TH}(R)= \frac{4\pi}{3}\bar{\rho} R^3 \, ,$$ where $\bar{\rho}(z)$ is the mean density of the universe at redshift $z$.
When the function nc_window_eval_fourier()
is applied,
it returns the top-hat window function in the Fourier space,
\begin{equation*}
W_{th}(k, R) = \frac{3}{(kR)^3} \left[ \sin (kR) - (kR)\cos (kR)\right] = \frac{3}{(kR)} j_1(kR),
\end{equation*}
where $j_\nu(kR)$ is the spherical Bessel function.
The function nc_window_deriv_fourier()
returns the derivative with respect to R in Fourier space,
\begin{equation*}
\frac{\mathrm{d} W_{TH}(k, R)}{\mathrm{d} R} = -\frac{9}{k^3 R^4} \left[ \sin (kR) - (kR)\cos (kR) \right] + \frac{3}{k R^2} \sin (kR) \, .
\end{equation*}
The derivative with respect to R in real space is performed by nc_window_eval_realspace()
.
Functions
nc_window_tophat_new ()
NcWindow *
nc_window_tophat_new (void
);
This function returns a NcWindow with a NcWindowTophat implementation.