Did Monty consider that someone might want the goat?
The Monty Hall problem is a classic. I like it because it posed with simple language and hides it’s complexity. The first time you hear the puzzle you have a good chance of answering correctly (50/50). However, once you start to think about the reason for your answer you might need to grab a beer and get ready to think a little bit. As the story goes, one of the 20th centuries most famous mathematicians, Paul Erdos, needed several days before he was convinced by the truth of the proposed solution.
For a full description of the game check out the wikipedia page. The version I’m going to describe is stripped down.
There are three doors. Behind one of the doors there is a car and behind the other two doors there are goats. You player is invited to make a guess as to which door hides the car. After making a selection the host will open one of the doors that has a goat. Now, the player is given the opportunity to switch their choice to another door or to stick with their current selection. What would you do?
If you are like Paul Erdos you would initially think that it doesn’t make any difference whether you switch or not. The probability of selecting the car on the first choice is 1/3. Swapping doesn’t change this basic fact. This is the incorrect intuition that many people have for the problem. The correct solution is that one should always swap.
The best way to show this is with conditional probabilities. In other words, you show that the probability that the car is behind door two given you initially selected door one and the host removed door three is higher than 1/3. This is done for us on the wikipedia page.
My own intuition for the problem goes as follows:
The probability of getting the car on the first try is 1/3 and the probability of not getting it is 2/3.
Now, break down the switching into these two cases:
If you happened to guess right the first time switching will be wrong. This happens 1/3 of the time.
On the other hand, if you happened to guess wrong on the first try then switching will always get you the correct door. This happens 2/3 of the time.
It’s really as simple as this. Adopting a strategy of switching will result in getting the car 2/3 of the time. A big improvement over the 1/3 that we get from staying.
Another way to demonstrate this without going to conditional probabilities is run a simulation and see what probabilities come out. Run this code in R.
num_trials <- 100000 # number of trials
car <- sample(1:3, num_trials,replace = T) # set the door with the car
choice <- sample(1:3, num_trials, replace = T) # set the door choice of the contestant
remove_options <- apply(cbind(car,choice), 1, function (x) setdiff(c(1,2,3), x)) # the door(s) the host can choose to remove
remove <- lapply(remove_options, function(x) ifelse(length(x) > 1, sample(x, 1), x)) # randomly select a door to remove
swap<- unlist(apply(cbind(choice, remove), 1, function(x) setdiff(c(1,2,3), x))) # always swap door
sum(swap == car)/length(car) # proportion of swapped choices that match the car door


Welcome to MixPack!
A mixed TypeScript/JavaScript Webpack boilerplate with Express.
Features:
- Transpile Typescript and Next-Gen JavaScript
- Run TypeScript and JavaScript test files using Jest.
- Supports multi-parser linting for TypeScript and JavaScript using Eslint
- Integrates the Express + Webpack (expack) boilerplate with hot-reloading.
- Transpile Sass and Nex-Gen CSS.
- Performance optimized webpack configurations.
- Code Splitting example files included!


Write about me here. And more about me here. This text will describe stuff about me and who I am, what I like to do, etc. Right now it's just a place holder for making sure everything looks good as I'm developing this page. I need to have enough text to create multiple lines at the full width of my screen. Yeah, this text is all just place filler. Fun huh?


Newsio is an awesome new way to message with your teammates.
Stop wasting time on meetings and start using Newsio to have discussions and share documents.


{% extends 'admin/master.html' %} {% block body %} {{ super() }} {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}
Authentication
This example shows how you can use Flask-Admin in an admin template,
here I used AdminLTE and Flask-Security for authentication.
You can register as a regular user, or log in as a superuser with the following credentials:
email: admin
password: admin


Configuring Castle Windsor¶
Note
Miruken has first class integration with Castle Windsor, but Miruken does not require you to use Castle Windsor for your container. Miruken does not even require you to use a container. All of that being said, we love Castle Windsor and use it in our own projects.
One of the main ways of configuring a Castle Windsor container is the Container.Install()
method. It accepts a comma seperated list of IWindsorInstaller
instances. These installers do all the work of registering objects and configuring the container.
In this very basic Castle Windsor Container all the IWindsorInstaller
classes in the current assembly will be run. FromAssembly.This()
returns an IWindsorInstaller
.
namespace Example.MirukenCastleExamples
{
using Castle.MicroKernel.Resolvers.SpecializedResolvers;
using Castle.Windsor;
using Castle.Windsor.Installer;
public class BasicWindsorContainer
{
public IWindsorContainer Container { get; set; }
public BasicWindsorContainer()
{
Container = new WindsorContainer();
Container.Kernel.Resolver.AddSubResolver(
new CollectionResolver(Container.Kernel, true));
Container.Install(FromAssembly.This());
}
}
}
We used to use this simple form of configuration, but found that we had to list assemblies multiple times. Features and FeatureInstaller solve this problem.
Features¶
At a high level a feature is an implementation of a Miruken concept. It may be a Protocol, Handler, Validator, or Mediator, etc. On a very practical level features are concrete application code implemented across multiple assemblies. The Features
object has several ways to specify your application assemblies so that they can be installed in the container. Using Features allows you to specify all your assemblies in one place.
FeatureInstaller¶
FeatureInstallers inherit from FeatureInstaller
and do the container registration and configuration for a Miruken concept across all your feature assemblies.
FromAssemblies(params Assembly[] assemblies)¶
In this example we pass a comma seperated list of application assemblies into:
Features.FromAssemblies()
| typeof(CreateTeam).Assembly | Targets the Example.League assembly. |
| typeof(CreateStudent).Assembly | Targets the Example.School assembly. |
Next, we specify which FeatureInstallers the application needs. This example configures the ConfigurationFactory using the ConfigurationFactoryInstaller, and Validation using the ValidationInstaller.
namespace Example.MirukenCastleExamples
{
using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration;
using Castle.MicroKernel.Resolvers.SpecializedResolvers;
using Castle.Windsor;
using League;
using Miruken.Castle;
using Miruken.Validate.Castle;
using School;
public class FeaturesFromAssemblies
{
public IWindsorContainer Container { get; set; }
public FeaturesFromAssemblies()
{
Container = new WindsorContainer();
Container.Kernel.Resolver.AddSubResolver(
new CollectionResolver(Container.Kernel, true));
Container.Install(
new FeaturesInstaller(
new ConfigurationFeature(), new ValidateFeature())
.Use(Classes.FromAssemblyContaining<CreateTeam>(),
Classes.FromAssemblyContaining<CreateStudent>())
);
}
}
}
FromAssembliesNamed(params string[] assemblyNames)¶
The FromAssembliesNamed() method allows you to specify the assembly name of the feature assemblies you want installed into the container.
namespace Example.MirukenCastleExamples
{
using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration;
using Castle.MicroKernel.Resolvers.SpecializedResolvers;
using Castle.Windsor;
using Miruken.Castle;
using Miruken.Validate.Castle;
public class FeaturesFromAssembliesNamed
{
public IWindsorContainer Container { get; set; }
public FeaturesFromAssembliesNamed()
{
Container = new WindsorContainer();
Container.Kernel.Resolver.AddSubResolver(
new CollectionResolver(Container.Kernel, true));
Container.Install(
new FeaturesInstaller(
new ConfigurationFeature(), new ValidateFeature())
.Use(Classes.FromAssemblyNamed("Example.League"),
Classes.FromAssemblyNamed("Example.School"))
);
}
}
}
InDirectory(AssemblyFilter filter)¶
The InDirectory() method allows you to specify an AssemblyFilter. An AssemblyFilter takes the string name of a directory and a filter predicate to allow only the assemblies you intend.
namespace Example.MirukenCastleExamples
{
using Castle.MicroKernel.Registration;
using Castle.MicroKernel.Resolvers.SpecializedResolvers;
using Castle.Windsor;
using Miruken.Castle;
using Miruken.Validate.Castle;
public class FeaturesInDirectory
{
public IWindsorContainer Container { get; set; }
public FeaturesInDirectory()
{
Container = new WindsorContainer();
Container.Kernel.Resolver.AddSubResolver(
new CollectionResolver(Container.Kernel, true));
Container.Install(
new FeaturesInstaller(
new ConfigurationFeature(), new ValidateFeature())
.Use(Classes.FromAssemblyInDirectory(new AssemblyFilter("")
.FilterByName(x => x.Name.StartsWith("Example."))))
);
}
}
}


--- layout: default title: 404 - Page not found permalink: /404.html ---
You may have typed the address incorrectly or you may have used an outdated link.
If you found a broken link from another site or from our site, please contact us.


Roles
Role {{role_name}}
Role {{role_name}}
Manage {{role_name}} role
Role
Role Name
Unique descriptive role name
Accessible Resource Scopes
Select the scopes this role is allowed to access.
Description
Outline the purpose of this role.
Save role
Remove role


Namespace MxNet
Classes
Autograd
Autograd._RecordingStateScope
CachedOp
ConfigData
Context
CustomOp
CustomOpProp
DataParallelExecutorGroup
DataParallelExecutorManager
DeferredInitializationException
DisposableMXNetObject
A class which has a pointer of MXNet object which is necessary to be disposed. This is an abstract class.
DType
Engine
Engine._BulkScope
ExecuterManager
Executor
Extensions
FactorScheduler
FloatRnd
FuncArgs
IntRnd
ListExtensions
Logger
Logger.Formatter
Logging
LRScheduler
Model
Monitor
mx
MXDataIterBlob
MXDataIterMap
MxDisposable
MXNetException
MXNetObject
MXNetSharedObject
MxUtil
Name
Name.NameManager
Name.Prefix
nd
nd.Random
NDArray
NDArrayDict
NdarrayExt
NDArrayList
NDArrayOrSymbol
NDArrayOrSymbolList
NDBlob
NDContribApi
NDImgApi
NDListHandle
ObjectExtensions
Operator
OperatorSupply
OpMap
OpMap instance holds a map of all the symbol creators so we can get symbol creators by name. This is used internally by Symbol and Operator. This class cannot be inherited.
OptimAttribute
PickedStates
Pickle
PredictException
The exception that is thrown when occurs error of prediction. This class cannot be inherited.
PredictorHandle
Profiler
Profiler.Counter
Profiler.Domain
Profiler.Event
Profiler.Frame
Profiler.Marker
Profiler.Task
Runtime
Runtime.Feature
Runtime.Features
Shape
Slice
sym
SymBlob
Symbol
SymbolDict
SymbolList
SymContribApi
SymImgApi
TestUtils
Tuple<TType>
UniquePtr<T>
Structs
LibFeature
Enums
ActivationType
Activation function to be applied.
BatchDotForwardStype
The desired storage type of the forward output given by user, if thecombination of input storage types and this hint does not matchany implemented ones, the dot operator will perform fallback operationand still produce an output of the desired storage type.
ContribBoxIouFormat
The box encoding type.
"corner" means boxes are encoded as [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], "center" means boxes are encodes as [x, y, width, height].
ContribBoxNmsInFormat
The input box encoding type.
"corner" means boxes are encoded as [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], "center" means boxes are encodes as [x, y, width, height].
ContribBoxNmsOutFormat
The output box encoding type.
"corner" means boxes are encoded as [xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax], "center" means boxes are encodes as [x, y, width, height].
ContribDeformableconvolutionLayout
Set layout for input, output and weight. Empty for
default layout: NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.
ContribDequantizeOutType
Output data type.
ContribQuantizedActActType
Activation function to be applied.
ContribQuantizedConvCudnnTune
Whether to pick convolution algo by running performance test.
ContribQuantizedConvLayout
Set layout for input, output and weight. Empty for
default layout: NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.NHWC and NDHWC are only supported on GPU.
ContribQuantizedPoolingLayout
Set layout for input and output. Empty for
default layout: NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.
ContribQuantizedPoolingPoolingConvention
Pooling convention to be applied.
ContribQuantizedPoolingPoolType
Pooling type to be applied.
ContribQuantizeOutType
Output data type.
ContribQuantizeV2OutType
Output data type. `auto` can be specified to automatically determine output type according to min_calib_range.
ContribRequantizeOutType
Output data type. `auto` can be specified to automatically determine output type according to min_calib_range.
ConvolutionCudnnTune
Whether to pick convolution algo by running performance test.
ConvolutionLayout
Set layout for input, output and weight. Empty for
default layout: NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.NHWC and NDHWC are only supported on GPU.
ConvolutionV1CudnnTune
Whether to pick convolution algo by running performance test.
Leads to higher startup time but may give faster speed. Options are:
'off': no tuning
'limited_workspace': run test and pick the fastest algorithm that doesn't exceed workspace limit.
'fastest': pick the fastest algorithm and ignore workspace limit.
If set to None (default), behavior is determined by environment
variable MXNET_CUDNN_AUTOTUNE_DEFAULT: 0 for off,
1 for limited workspace (default), 2 for fastest.
ConvolutionV1Layout
Set layout for input, output and weight. Empty for
default layout: NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.
CtclossBlankLabel
Set the label that is reserved for blank label.If "first", 0-th label is reserved, and label values for tokens in the vocabulary are between ``1`` and ``alphabet_size-1``, and the padding mask is ``-1``. If "last", last label value ``alphabet_size-1`` is reserved for blank label instead, and label values for tokens in the vocabulary are between ``0`` and ``alphabet_size-2``, and the padding mask is ``0``.
DeconvolutionCudnnTune
Whether to pick convolution algorithm by running performance test.
DeconvolutionLayout
Set layout for input, output and weight. Empty for default layout, NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.NHWC and NDHWC are only supported on GPU.
DeviceType
DotForwardStype
The desired storage type of the forward output given by user, if thecombination of input storage types and this hint does not matchany implemented ones, the dot operator will perform fallback operationand still produce an output of the desired storage type.
DropoutMode
Whether to only turn on dropout during training or to also turn on for inference.
GridgeneratorTransformType
The type of transformation. For `affine`, input data should be an affine matrix of size (batch, 6). For `warp`, input data should be an optical flow of size (batch, 2, h, w).
L2normalizationMode
Specify the dimension along which to compute L2 norm.
MakelossNormalization
If this is set to null, the output gradient will not be normalized. If this is set to batch, the output gradient will be divided by the batch size. If this is set to valid, the output gradient will be divided by the number of valid input elements.
NormOutDtype
The data type of the output.
OpGradReq
PadMode
Padding type to use. "constant" pads with `constant_value` "edge" pads using the edge values of the input array "reflect" pads by reflecting values with respect to the edges.
PickMode
Specify how out-of-bound indices behave. Default is "clip". "clip" means clip to the range. So, if all indices mentioned are too large, they are replaced by the index that addresses the last element along an axis. "wrap" means to wrap around.
PoolingConvention
Pooling convention to be applied.
PoolingLayout
Set layout for input and output. Empty for
default layout: NCW for 1d, NCHW for 2d and NCDHW for 3d.
PoolingType
Pooling type to be applied.
PoolingV1PoolingConvention
Pooling convention to be applied.
PoolingV1PoolType
Pooling type to be applied.
ReluActType
Activation function to be applied.
RNNMode
the type of RNN to compute
SoftmaxMode
Specifies how to compute the softmax. If set to ``instance``, it computes softmax for each instance. If set to ``channel``, It computes cross channel softmax for each position of each instance.
SoftmaxoutputNormalization
Normalizes the gradient.
SpatialtransformerSamplerType
sampling type
SpatialtransformerTransformType
transformation type
StorageStype
Output storage type.
TakeMode
Specify how out-of-bound indices bahave. Default is "clip". "clip" means clip to the range. So, if all indices mentioned are too large, they are replaced by the index that addresses the last element along an axis. "wrap" means to wrap around. "raise" means to raise an error, not supported yet.
TopkRetTyp
The return type.
"value" means to return the top k values, "indices" means to return the indices of the top k values, "mask" means to return a mask array containing 0 and 1. 1 means the top k values. "both" means to return a list of both values and indices of top k elements.
UpsamplingMultiInputMode
How to handle multiple input. concat means concatenate upsampled images along the channel dimension. sum means add all images together, only available for nearest neighbor upsampling.
UpsamplingSampleType
upsampling method


I'm the collapsible content. By default I'm closed, but you can click the header to open me.
I'm the collapsible set content for section B.
I'm the collapsible set content for section B.
I have an id of "one" on my page container. I'm first in the source order so I'm shown when the page loads.
This is a multi-page boilerplate template that you can copy to build you first jQuery Mobile page. This template contains multiple "page" containers inside, unlike a single page template that has just one page within it.
Just view the source and copy the code to get started. All the CSS and JS is linked to the jQuery CDN versions so this is super easy to set up. Remember to include a meta viewport tag in the head to set the zoom level.
You link to internal pages by referring to the ID of the page you want to show. For example, to link to the page with an ID of "two", my link would have a href="#two"
in the code.
I have an id of "two" on my page container. I'm the second page container in this multi-page template.
Notice that the theme is different for this page because we've added a few data-theme
swatch assigments here to show off how flexible it is. You can add any content or widget to these pages, but we're keeping these simple.
I have an id of "popup" on my page container and only look like a dialog because the link to me had a data-rel="dialog"
attribute which gives me this inset look and a data-transition="pop"
attribute to change the transition to pop. Without this, I'd be styled as a normal page.


Home
(current)
Blocks
Transactions
Tokens
Markets
Welcome to Ethos blockchain explorer!
{{#msgs}}
ethbtc:
{{ ethbtc }}
ethbtc_timestamp:
{{ ethbtc_timestamp }} ..........
ethusd:
{{ ethusd }}
ethusd_timestamp:
{{ ethusd_timestamp }}
{{/msgs}}
Block
TxHash
Search
Market Cap
$50.833 billion
Ethbtc
placeholder
Ethusd
placeholder
Other data
place holder


| Birth Outcomes and Maternal Health |
Negative health impacts on both the mother and baby due to inadequate nutrition during pregnancy
Increased risk of birth defects
Impacts on infant feeding behaviors and sustainability of breastfeeding
|
| Child Development |
Poorer general health among food insecure children
Impacts on growth and development in early life
Poorer academic outcomes and social skills compared to children who do not experience food insecurity
Iron deficiency anemia linked to the subsequent development of a variety of chronic conditions, including asthma and depression
|
| Health Status and Chronic Disease |
Impacts on the quality and quantity of women’s food intake due to lower incomes
Higher levels of poor or fair self-rated health, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, food allergies and mental health outcomes
Barriers to chronic disease management, increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes
|
| Mental Health and Emotional Well-being |
Impacts on social and mental well-being that can increase the likelihood of depression, distress and social isolation
Child hunger leading to depression and suicidal symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood
|
| Economic costs |
Increased health care costs associated with food insecurity
In Ontario, the annual healthcare costs were 23% higher for adults in marginally food insecure households, 49% higher for those in moderately food insecure households and 121% higher for those in severely food insecure households
1 [
34]
Increased probability that adults will become high-cost users of health care
|


| Free downloads of PDF files containing several unique black and white designs with decorative borders - ideal for printing off and putting in an A4/Letter folder. If you're feeling particularly creative you could get out your scissors, stapler etc. and make a little booklet, ideal for kids and gifts! | |
| Or if you'd prefer, download the images in PNG format (design only, borders not included) to open and colour in your favourite art app. |
Feedback is very welcome - I would love to see your finished creations!


College Attainment in the U.S.
Temperature Map 1753-2015
U.S. GDP 1948-2015
Personal Website
Wikipedia Search Engine
NY Times Trump/Obama Alternate Reality
Conway's Game of Life
Simon
Dungeoncrawler
Doping in Cycling
Brian Greene Dedication Page
FreeCodeCamp Leaderboard
Pomodoro Clock
Random Quote Machine
Recipe Box
Twitch Streamers
Rainbow Calculator
Weather App


pack200
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: 05 Aug 2006
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
pack200 - JAR Packing toolSYNOPSIS
pack200 [ options ] output-file JAR-file
Options may be in any order. The last option on the command line or in a properties file supersedes all previously specified options.
-
- options
- Command-line options.
- output-file
- Name of the output file.
- JAR-file
- Name of the input file.
DESCRIPTION
The pack200 tool is a Java application that transforms a JAR file into a compressed pack200 file using the Java gzip compressor. The pack200 files are highly compressed files that can be directly deployed, saving bandwidth and reducing download time.
The pack200 tool uses several options to fine-tune and set the compression engine.
Typical usage:
% pack200 myarchive.pack.gz myarchive.jar
In this example, myarchive.pack.gz is produced using the default pack200 settings.
OPTIONS
-r --repack
-
Produces a JAR file by packing the file myarchive.jar and unpacking it. The resulting file can be used as an input to the jarsigner(1) tool.
-
% pack200 --repack myarchive-packer.jar myarchive.jar
% pack200 --repack myarchive.jar
-
-g --no-gzip
-
Produces a pack200 file. With this option a suitable compressor must be used, and the target system must use a corresponding decompresser.
-
% pack200 --no-gzip myarchive.pack myarchive.jar
-
-G --strip-debug
-
Strips attributes used for debugging from the output. These include SourceFile, LineNumberTable, LocalVariableTable and LocalVariableTypeTable. Removing these attributes reduces the size of both downloads and installations but reduces the usefulness of debuggers.
-O --no-keep-file-order
-
The packer will reorder and transmit all elements. Additionally, the packer may remove JAR directory names. This will reduce the download size; however, certain JAR file optimizations, such as indexing, may not work correctly.
-Svalue --segment-limit=value
-
The value is the estimated target size N (in bytes) of each archive segment. If a single input file requires
more than N bytes, it will be given its own archive segment. As a special case, a value of -1 will produce a single large segment with all input files, while a value of 0 will produce one segment for each class. Larger archive segments result in less fragmentation and better compression, but processing them requires more memory.The size of each segment is estimated by counting the size of each input file to be transmitted in the segment, along with the size of its name and other transmitted properties.
The default is 1000000 (a million bytes). This allows input JAR files of moderate size to be transmitted in one segment. It also puts a limit on memory requirements for packers and unpackers.
A 10MB JAR packed without this limit will typically pack about 10% smaller, but the packer may require a larger Java heap (about ten times the segment limit).
-Evalue --effort=value
-
If the value is set to a single decimal digit, the packer will use the indicated amount of effort in compressing the archive. Level 1 may produce somewhat larger size and faster compression speed, while level 9 will take much longer but may produce better compression. The special value 0 instructs the packer to copy through the original JAR file directly with no compression. The JSR 200 standard requires any unpacker to understand this special case as a pass-through of the entire archive.
The default is 5, investing a modest amount of time to produce reasonable compression.
-Hvalue --deflate-hint=value
-
Overrides the default, which preserves the input information, but may cause the transmitted archive to be larger. The possible values are:
- true
- false
- In either case, the packer will set the deflation hint accordingly in the output archive, and will not transmit the individual deflation hints of archive elements.
- keep
- Preserve deflation hints observed in the input JAR. (This is the default.)
-mvalue --modification-time=value
-
The possible values are:
- latest
- The packer will attempt to determine the latest modification time, among all the available entries in the original archive, or the latest modification time of all the available entries in that segment. This single value will be transmitted as part of the segment and applied to all the entries in each segment. This can marginally decrease the transmitted size of the archive at the expense of setting all installed files to a single date.
- keep
- Preserves modification times observed in the input JAR. (This is the default.)
-Pfile --pass-file=file
-
Indicates that a file should be passed through bytewise with no compression. By repeating the option, multiple files may be specified. There is no pathname transformation, except that the system file separator is replaced by the JAR file separator "/". The resulting file names must match exactly as strings with their occurrences in the JAR file. If file is a directory name, all files under that directory will be passed.
-Uaction --unknown-attribute=action
-
Overrides the default behavior; i.e., the classfile containing the unknown attribute will be passed through with the specified action. The possible values for actions are:
- error
- The pack200 operation as a whole will fail with a suitable explanation.
- strip
- The attribute will be dropped. Note: Removing the required VM attributes may cause Class Loader failures.
- pass
- Upon encountering this attribute, the entire class will be transmitted as though it is a resource.
-Cattribute-name=layout --class-attribute=attribute-name=action
-Fattribute-name=layout --field-attribute=attribute-name=action
-Mattribute-name=layout --method-attribute=attribute-name=action
-Dattribute-name=layout --code-attribute=attribute-name=action
-
With the above four options, the attribute layout can be specified for a class entity, such as Class attribute, Field attribute, Method attribute, and Code attribute. The attribute-name is the name of the attribute for which the layout or action is being defined. The possible values for action are:
- some-layout-string
- The layout language is defined in the JSR 200 specification.
Example: --class-attribute=SourceFile=RUH
- error
- Upon encountering this attribute, the pack200 operation will fail with a suitable explanation.
- strip
- Upon encountering this attribute, the attribute will be removed from the output. Note: removing VM-required attributes may cause Class Loader failures.
Example: --class-attribute=CompilationID=pass will cause the class file containing this attribute to be passed through without further action by the packer.
-f pack.properties --config-file=pack.properties
-
A configuration file, containing Java properties to initialize the packer, may be specified on the command line.
-
% pack200 -f pack.properties myarchive.pack.gz myarchive.jar
% more pack.properties
# Generic properties for the packer.
modification.time=latest
deflate.hint=false
keep.file.order=false
# This option will cause the files bearing new attributes to
# be reported as an error rather than passed uncompressed.
unknown.attribute=error
# Change the segment limit to be unlimited.
segment.limit=-1
-
-
-v --verbose
-
Outputs minimal messages. Multiple specification of this option will output more verbose messages.
-q --quiet
-
Specifies quiet operation with no messages.
-lfilename --log-file=filename
-
Specifies a log file to output messages.
-Joption
-
Passes option to the Java launcher called by pack200. For example, -J-Xms48m sets the startup memory to 48 megabytes. Although it does not begin with -X, it is not a standard option of pack200. It is a common convention for -J to pass options to the underlying VM executing applications written in Java.
-
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
-
0 for successful completion;
>0 if an error occurs.
SEE ALSO
-
- *
- unpack200 - JAR Unpacking Tool
- *
- unpack200(1), jar(1), jarsigner(1), attributes(5) man pages
- *
- Java SE Documentation
- *
- Java Deployment Guide - Pack200 @ http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/deployment/deployment-guide/pack200.html
- *
- jar - Java Archive Tool
- *
- jarsigner - JAR Signer tool @ http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/solaris/jarsigner.html
NOTES
This command should not be confused with pack(1). They are distinctly separate products.
The Java SE API Specification provided with the SDK is the superseding authority, in case of discrepancies.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:07 GMT, December 24, 2015


User Input Example Page Customer Satisfaction is #1 Please take the time to fill out the following survey Your Secret Code: Password: First Name: Last Name: Your favorite website: Your age in years: What colors have you colored your hair: Brown Blonde Black Red None Rate your experience: 1 - Very Poor 2 3 4 5 - Very Good How likely would you recommend the product: Other Comments: Email address:


Welcome to the character page
Choose your Californian!
- Beg-packer - In the age of social media, crowdfunding, and hashtags, the dream of free travel has morphed once again, giving us the phenomenon of #begpackers: People who travel backpacker-style on a beggar’s budget, asking for contributions, freebies, and handouts from locals or fellow travelers to as they go.
- Trust Fund Baby - A young person whose parents are wealthy and have set up a trust for their son or daughter. The trust fund ensures that the child will be taken care of financially for life.
- Nature Enthusiast - A person who enjoys being outdoors. One who holds the view that environment, rather than heredity or culture, is the primary factor in the development of an individual or group. One who loves woods or forests.
- Mixologist - A mixologist is an individual with a passion for combining elixirs and creating extraordinary cocktails, whereas a bartender is an individual with a passion for making great drinks and creating well-balanced experiences. To be successful, you really need both types of pros behind the bar.


As a UX Engineer intern, I helped to create the navigation menu scene for a Virtual Reality application for pain management
problem synthesis
The existing menu categories were confusing and my role began with trying to gather the requirements through interviews and brainstorming. I studied all the content of the previously existing menus (seen here in the screenshots) to make sure all the necessary functionality could be captured in my design. I made several iterations for the new information architecture. The requirements can be sumarized as:
Screenshots of previous menu:
solution discovery
I developed the menu in Unity with Unity UI assets and simple C# code
Video of Karuna VR menu that I designed and developed in Unity:
process
I made mockups on Sketch and Illustrator to discuss designing of features:
Mockup of scene selection menu:
process
I designed the assets in Sketch for the icons that could be used in the websites, VR applications and more to have consistency:
Development of graphic assets in Sketch:


- Habit - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit
-
The instantiation of this class represents a single
habit of a user
- Habit(String, String, Date, ArrayList) - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.Habit
-
- HABIT_ADDED_RESULT_CODE - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.AddHabitActivity
-
- HABIT_ADDED_RESULT_CODE - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.HabitListActivity
-
- HABIT_EDITED_RESULT_CODE - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.EditHabitActivity
-
- HABIT_EDITED_RESULT_CODE - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.ViewHabitActivity
-
- habit_entry - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.layout
-
- habit_list_content - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.layout
-
- habit_list_toolbar - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.layout
-
- habit_menu - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.menu
-
- HabitAdapter - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit
-
This an extension of the ArrayAdapter class that is
compatible with the custom format of the habit list
- HabitAdapter(Context, ArrayList<Habit>) - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.HabitAdapter
-
- habitComparator - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.Habit
-
A comparator used for sorting habits.
- habitEvent - Variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.follows.FollowingHabit
-
- HabitEvent - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habitEvent
-
An instantiation of this class represents a single habit
event for a habit.
- HabitEvent(byte[], String, double[]) - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habitEvent.HabitEvent
-
- HabitEventTest - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume
-
Created by Matt on 2017-10-20.
- HabitEventTest() - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.HabitEventTest
-
- habitHistory() - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Returns a sorted list of all events of a profile
- habitHistory(Habit) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Return a sorted list of all events from one habit by directly referencing the habit
- habitHistory(int) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Return a sorted list of all events from a habit based on where it is indexed in a profile.
- habitHistory(String) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Returns a sorted list of all events in a profile
that contain a certain search term in the comment.
- habitHistory(Habit, String) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Returns a sorted list of events from a habit
with a certain search term in the comment of the habit
and with the habit directly referenced.
- habitHistory(int, String) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.account.Profile
-
Returns a sorted list of all events from a certain habit
and with a certain term in the comment
and with the habit accessed on where it is indexed in the profile
- habitlist - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-
- HabitListActivity - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit
-
Activity where the user can view all their habits
as well as the navigation drawer.
- HabitListActivity() - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.HabitListActivity
-
- habits - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.string
-
- habitsbutton - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-
- HabitStatsActivity - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit
-
Activity where the user can view the stats of a
given habit
- HabitStatsActivity() - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.HabitStatsActivity
-
- HabitTest - Class in com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume
-
Created by Matt on 2017-10-20.
- HabitTest() - Constructor for class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.HabitTest
-
- habitTitle - Variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habitEvent.SearchEvent
-
- habittitle - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-
- habitTitle - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.string
-
- hasEvent(HabitEvent) - Method in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.habit.Habit
-
Checks to see if the habit a particular event
- headerLayout - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a reference to another resource, in the form
"@[+][package:]type/name
" or a theme
attribute in the form
"?[package:]type/name
".
- height - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a dimension value, which is a floating point number appended with a
unit such as "14.5sp
".
- hide_password_duration - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.integer
-
- hideOnContentScroll - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a boolean value, such as "true
" or
"false
".
- highlight_alpha_material_colored - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- highlight_alpha_material_dark - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- highlight_alpha_material_light - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- highlighted_text_material_dark - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.color
-
- highlighted_text_material_light - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.color
-
- hint_alpha_material_dark - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- hint_alpha_material_light - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- hint_pressed_alpha_material_dark - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- hint_pressed_alpha_material_light - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.dimen
-
- hintAnimationEnabled - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a boolean value, such as "true
" or
"false
".
- hintEnabled - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a boolean value, such as "true
" or
"false
".
- hintTextAppearance - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a reference to another resource, in the form
"@[+][package:]type/name
" or a theme
attribute in the form
"?[package:]type/name
".
- home - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-
- homeAsUp - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-
- homeAsUpIndicator - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a reference to another resource, in the form
"@[+][package:]type/name
" or a theme
attribute in the form
"?[package:]type/name
".
- homeLayout - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.attr
-
May be a reference to another resource, in the form
"@[+][package:]type/name
" or a theme
attribute in the form
"?[package:]type/name
".
- hybrid - Static variable in class com.example.cmput301f17t27.nume.R.id
-


Classes
The following classes are available globally.
-
Router
provides the external interface for routing requests to the appropriate code to handle them. This includes:- Routing requests to closures of type
RouterHandler
- Routing requests to the handle function of classes that implement the
RouterMiddleware
protocol. - Routing requests to a
TemplateEngine
to generate the appropriate output. - Serving the landing page when someone makes an HTTP request with a path of slash (/).
Declaration
Swift
public class Router
- Routing requests to closures of type
-
Facilities for creating, starting and stopping Kitura-based servers.
Usage Example:
In this example, a
Router
is created, and a single route registered that responds to an HTTP GET request on/
with a plain text response. An HTTP server is created on port 8080, and is started with theKitura.run()
function (note that this function does not return). The route can then be accessed by visitinghttp://localhost:8080
.
See morelet router = Router() router.get("/") { request, response, next in response.send("Hello world") next() } Kitura.addHTTPServer(onPort: 8080, with: router) Kitura.run()
Declaration
Swift
public class Kitura
-
Create an on the fly
See moreRouterMiddleware
from aRouterHandler
closure.Declaration
Swift
public class RouterMiddlewareGenerator: RouterMiddleware
-
The
RouterRequest
class is used to interact with incoming HTTP requests to the Router. It contains and allows access to the request’sHeaders
andBody
as well as other properties of the request. It can also perform content negotiation based on the request’sAccept
header.Usage Example:
In this example
request
is an instance of the classRouterRequest
. It is used by the server to read the body of the request as a String and send it back to the user.
See morelet router = Router() router.post("/") { request, response, next in let body = request.readString() response.send(body) next() }
Declaration
Swift
public class RouterRequest
-
The RouterResponse class is used to define and work with the response that will be sent by the
Router
. It contains and allows access to the HTTP response code (e.g. 404Not Found
), the HTTPHeaders
and the body of the response. It can also render template files, using a template engine registered to the router.Usage Example:
In this example
response
is an instance of the classRouterResponse
. The content type and status code of the response are set. The StringHello world
is added to the body and the response is transmitted.
See morerouter.get("/example") { _, response, next in response.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/html" response.status(.OK) try response.send("Hello world").end() }
Declaration
Swift
public class RouterResponse
-
The
BodyParser
parses the body of the request prior to sending it to the handler. It reads the Content-Type of the message header and populates theRouterRequest
body field with a correspondingParsedBody
enumeration.In order for the BodyParser to be used it must first be registered with any routes that are interested in the
ParsedBody
payload.ParsedBody enumeration:
The mappings from the incoming Content-Type to an internal representation of the body are as follows:
.json([String: Any]) // "application/json" .text(String) // "text/*" .urlEncoded([String:String]) // "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" .multipart([Part]) // "multipart/form-data" .raw(Data) // Any other Content-Type
Each case has a corresponding convenience property, e.g.
asURLEncoded: [String:String]
, for accessing the associated data.Note: If you have not declared a Content-Type header,
ParsedBody
will benil
.Usage Example:
In this example, all routes to the BodyParser middleware are registered to the
BodyParser
middleware. A request withapplication/json
, ContentType header is received. It is then parsed as JSON and the value forname
is returned in the response.router.all("/name", middleware: BodyParser()) router.post("/name") { request, response, next in guard let jsonBody = request.parsedBody?.asJSON else { next() return } let name = jsonBody["name"] as? String ?? "" try response.send("Hello \(name)").end() }
Note: When using Codable Routing in Kitura 2.x the BodyParser should not be registered to any codable routes (doing so will log the following error
See moreNo data in request. Codable routes do not allow the use of a BodyParser.
and the route handler will not be executed).Declaration
Swift
public class BodyParser: RouterMiddleware
-
The
BodyParserMultiValue
is a subclass ofBodyParser
, which differs in behaviour when decoding urlencoded parameters with multiple values (such as&a=1&a=2
).Whereas
BodyParser
will produce a comma-separated list of values:["a": "1,2"]
which may be accessed byParsedBody.urlEncoded
,BodyParserMultiValue
will produce an array of values:["a": ["1", "2"]]
, accessed byParsedBody.urlEncodedMultiValue
.This enables you to accept multiple values which may themselves contain commas.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class BodyParserMultiValue: BodyParser
-
The
ContentType
class provides functions to determine the MIME content type for a given file extension. The user can pass in a complete file name e.g.foo.png
or just the file extension e.g.png
, or they can pass in both a MIME content type and a file extension and query whether they match.Usage Example:
In this example, a
ContentType
instance is initialised called contentType. This instance is then used to obtain the MIME content type of the filefoo.png
, which is identified asimage/png
.
See morelet contentType = ContentType.sharedInstance let result = contentType.getContentType(forFileName: "foo.png") print(String(describing: result)) // Prints Optional("image/png")
Declaration
Swift
public class ContentType
-
A router middleware that serves static files from a given path. By default, it will serve files from the
/public
directory.Usage Example:
The example below creates and registers a
StaticFileServer
on the/example
route. When the router is running, A user can make a request that matches the/example
path (e.g. localhost:8080/example/hello.html). The static file server would look inside its/files
folder for a file with the same name as the path following/example
(e.g.hello.html
). If a file is found it is sent as a response to that request, otherwise the next handler is called.
See morelet router = Router() router.all("/example", middleware: StaticFileServer(path: "./files"))
Declaration
Swift
open class StaticFileServer: RouterMiddleware


Marvin Mugo
FRONT-END NINJA
Featured Work
APPIFY
https://github.com/udacity/Appify/
SUNFLOWER
https://github.com/udacity/Sunflower/
BOKEH
https//github.com/udacity/Bokeh/
Update
This Portfolio was created by Marvin Mugo a student at Udacity under Front-end Nanodegree Program for more visit my
Blogspot


My Web Site
Menu
Home
Resume
Contact
Hello, my name is Laura Fletcher
I am a marketing and communications professional living in Chicago.


Common submodule¶
This module provides routines that are used throughout the library.
rainforest.common.io_data
: read various MCH data formats
rainforest.common.retrieve_data
: retrieve MCH files (COSMO, polar, Cartesian) from storage
rainforest.common.radarprocessing
: radar processing routines
rainforest.common.constants
: define constants used throughout the code
rainforest.common.graphics
: creating plots for QPE realization and evaluation
rainforest.common.lookup
: computing and reading lookup tables that are used for interpolation and geolocalization of data
rainforest.common.lookup
: various small utilities used throughout the code
rainforest.common.io_data module¶
Functions to read MeteoSwiss products
Daniel Wolfensberger MeteoSwiss/EPFL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>December 2019
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_cart
(cart_file)¶ Generic function that reads a Cartesian radar file, either in gif or binary format (ELDES or as generated by the qpe module of this library) and converts its data to floating numbers
- Parameters
cart_file (str) – Full path of the file to read as a a string
- Returns
- Return type
The cartesian data in a numpy array
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_gif
(gif_file)¶ Reads a Cartesian radar file in gif format
- Parameters
gif_file (str) – Full path of the file to read as a a string
- Returns
- Return type
The cartesian data in a numpy array
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_polar
(polar_files, physic_value=True)¶ Reads a polar radar metranet file as a pyart radar instance, if multiple files corresponding to multiple elevations (sweeps) are provided they are merged into a single pyart instance
- Parameters
polar_files (str or list of strings) –
Can be either: - Full path of the file to read as a a string - string with wildcard pointing to the files to read,
e.g. …../MLA192711055.*
a list of full filepaths
- Returns
sweepnumbers (list) – list of sweeps numbers corresponding to all files that were read
merged (a pyart Radar instance)
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_station_data
(gauge_file)¶ Reads gauge data as given by the Climap software
- Parameters
gauge_file (str) – Full path of the file to read as a a string
- Returns
- Return type
The cartesian data in a numpy array
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_status
(status_file, add_wet_radome=False)¶ Reads a radar xml status file
- Parameters
fname (str) – Full path of the status xml file to be read
add_wet_Radome (boolean (optional)) – For older files, there is not information about the wet radome. If this is true, the script will estimate the wet radome precipitation as a 3 x 3 mean of the RZC product at the given time (as is done for more recent files)
- Returns
- Return type
The status as a python dict
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_vpr
(xml_file, radar=None)¶ Reads a vpr xml file and returns an interpolator that can be used to obtain the vpr correction at any altitude
- Parameters
vpr_file (str) –
Full path of the file to read radar : char (optional)
the radar is required to know the vpr reference height, it needs to be either ‘A’,’D’,’L’,’P’ or ‘W’, if not specified, it will be inferred from the vpr filename
- Returns
An interpolator that returns the vpr correction as a function of
the height, the correction is a multiplicative factor
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
read_xls
(xls_file)¶ Reads an excel file such as those used for CPC vlaidation
- Parameters
fname (str) – Full path of the excel file to be read
- Returns
- Return type
The excel file as a Pandas dataframe
-
rainforest.common.io_data.
save_gif
(gif_file, precip)¶ Saves a precipitation map in float to a gif file (AQC format)
- Parameters
gif_file (str) – Full path of the file to write as a a string
precip (2D array) – 2D array containing the precipitation intensities
rainforest.common.retrieve_data module¶
Functions to retrieve MeteoSwiss products from the archives
Daniel Wolfensberger MeteoSwiss/EPFL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>December 2019
-
rainforest.common.retrieve_data.
get_COSMO_T
(time, sweeps=None, radar=None)¶ Retrieves COSMO temperature data from the CSCS repository, and interpolates them to the radar gates, using precomputed lookup tables
- Parameters
time (datetime.datetime instance) – the time at which to get the COSMO data in datetime format
sweeps (list of integers) – specify which sweeps (elevations) need to be retrieved in the form of a list, if not specified, all 20 will be retrieved
radar (list of chars) – list of radars for which to retrieve COSMO data, if not specified all 5 radars will be used (‘A’,’L’,’D’,’W’,’P’)
- Returns
T_at_radar – A dict containing the temperature at the radar gates, in the following form: dict[radar][‘T’][sweep_number]
- Return type
dict
-
rainforest.common.retrieve_data.
get_COSMO_variables
(time, variables, sweeps=None, radar=None, tmp_folder='/tmp/', cleanup=True)¶ Retrieves COSMO data from the CSCS repository, and interpolates them to the radar gates, using precomputed lookup tables This is a more generic but much slower function than the previous one, as it reads all COSMO variables directly from the GRIB files
- Parameters
time (datetime.datetime instance) – the time at which to get the COSMO data in datetime format
variables (list of strings) – List of COSMO variables to retrieve, ex. P, T, QV, QR, RH, etc…
sweeps (list of integers (optional)) – specify which sweeps (elevations) need to be retrieved in the form of a list, if not specified, all 20 will be retrieved
= list of chars (optional) (radar) – list of radars for which to retrieve COSMO data, if not specified all 5 radars will be used (‘A’,’L’,’D’,’W’,’P’)
= str (optional) (tmp_folder) – Directory where to store the extracted files
= boolean (optional) (cleanup) – If true all extracted files will be deleted before returning the output (recommended)
- Returns
A dict containing the COSMO variables at the radar gates, in the following
form (dict[radar][variables][sweep_number])
-
rainforest.common.retrieve_data.
retrieve_CPCCV
(time, stations)¶ Retrieves cross-validation CPC data for a set of stations from the xls files prepared by Yanni
- Parameters
time (datetime.datetime instance) – starting time of the time range
stations (list of str) – list of weather stations at which to retrieve the CPC.CV data
- Returns
A numpy array corresponding at the CPC.CV estimations at every specified
station
-
rainforest.common.retrieve_data.
retrieve_prod
(folder_out, start_time, end_time, product_name, pattern=None, pattern_type='shell', sweeps=None)¶ Retrieves radar data from the CSCS repository for a specified time range, unzips them and places them in a specified folder
- Parameters
folder_out (str) – directory where to store the unzipped files
start_time (datetime.datetime instance) – starting time of the time range
end_time (datetime.datetime instance) – end time of the time range
product_name (str) – name of the product, as stored on CSCS, e.g. RZC, CPCH, MZC, BZC…
pattern (str) – pattern constraint on file names, can be used for products which contain multiple filetypes, f.ex CPCH folders contain both rda and gif files, if only gifs are wanted : file_type = ‘*.gif’
pattern_type (either 'shell' or 'regex' (optional)) – use ‘shell’ for standard shell patterns, which use * as wildcard use ‘regex’ for more advanced regex patterns
sweeps (list of int (optional)) – For polar products, specifies which sweeps (elevations) must be retrieved, if not specified all available sweeps will be retrieved
- Returns
- Return type
A list containing all the filepaths of the retrieved files
rainforest.common.radarprocessing module¶
Created on Mon Dec 16 17:38:52 2019
@author: wolfensb
-
class
rainforest.common.radarprocessing.
Radar
(radname, polfiles, statusfile=None, vprfile=None)¶ Bases:
object
A class that contains polar radar data and performs some pre-processing before adding that data to the database or computing the QPE product The different elevations are stored in a dictionary rather as in a single pyart radar instance as this was found to be faster in practice
Creates an Radar class instance
- Parameters
radname (char) – Name of the radar, either ‘A’,’D’,’L’,’P’ or ‘W’
polfiles (list of str) – List of full filepaths of the radar files for a given timestemp, one file for every elevation, typically obtained with the retrieve_prod function in the common submodule
statusfile (str (optional)) – Full path of the status file that corresponds to this particular radar and timestep, used to compute noise estimates
vprfile (str(optional)) – Full path of the vpr xml file that corresponds to this particular radar and timestep, used to compute VPR correction
-
add_cosmo_data
(cosmo_data)¶ Adds COSMO data to the radar instance
- Parameters
cosmo_data (dict) –
dict of COSMO data at polar coordinates obtained from the get_COSMO_variables function in the common submodule this dict must have the following format
dic[variable][sweep]
-
compute_hydro
()¶ Computes the hydrometeor classification using Nikola Besic’ algorithm, all necessary fields ZH, ZDR, RHOHV, KDP, T (COSMO) must be available
-
compute_kdp
(dscfg)¶ Computes KDP using the simple moving least-square algorithm
- Parameters
dscfg (dict) – dictionary containing the following fields RMIN: RMAX: RWIND: ZMIN: ZMAX:
-
compute_noise
()¶ Computes a noise estimate from a status file
-
correct_attenuation
()¶ Corrects for attenuation using the ZPHI algorithm (Testud et al.) using the COSMO temperature to identify liquid precipitation
-
get_field
(sweep, field_name)¶ Gets a radar variable at given elevation (sweep)
- Parameters
sweep (int) – Sweep number from 1 to 20
field_name (str) – name of the variable, e.g. ZH, ZDR, RHOHV, SW, …
-
snr_mask
(snr_threshold)¶ Masks the radar data at low SNR
- Parameters
snr_threshold (float) – Minimal SNR to consider in dB
-
visib_mask
(min_visib, max_visib_corr)¶ Masks the radar data at low visibility and corrects the reflectivity for visibility
- Parameters
min_visib (int) – Minimal visibility below which the data is masked
max_visib_corr (float) – Maximum visibility correction factor, the visibility correction is 100/VISIB (with VISIB in %) and can be thresholded with this parameter. This is usually set to 2 at MeteoSwiss
-
rainforest.common.radarprocessing.
hydroClass_single
(radars, zh, zdr, kdp, rhohv, temp, weights=array([1., 1., 1., 0.75, 0.5 ]))¶ Computes the hydrometeor classes for columnar data, note that all input arrays except weights must have the same length
- Parameters
radars (ndarray of char) – Array of radar IDs, (‘A’,’D’,’L’,’P’,’W’)
zh (ndarray) – Array of radar reflectivity in dBZ
zdr (ndarray) – Array of diff. reflectivity in dB
kdp (ndarray) – Array of specific phase shift on propagation in deg / km
rhohv (ndarray) – Array of copolar correlation coefficient
temp (ndarray) – Array of radar temperature in Celcius
weights (ndarray (optional)) – The weight of every input feature, zh, zdr, kdp, rhohv, temp in the hydrometeor classification
- Returns
The hydrometeor classes as ndarray with values from 0 to 8, corresponding to
the classes – 0 : no data 1 : aggregates (AG) 2 : light rain (LR) 3 : ice crystals (CR) 4 : rimed particles (RP) 5 : rain (RN) 6 : vertically aligned ice (VI) 7 : wet snow (WS) 8 : melting hail (MH) 9: dry hail / high density graupel (IH/HDG)
rainforest.common.constants module¶
Set of constants regarding MeteoSwiss radars and QPE
-
rainforest.common.constants.
MODE
(x)¶
rainforest.common.graphics module¶
Set of functions to display QPE precipitation data and verification scores
-
class
rainforest.common.graphics.
MidpointNormalize
(vmin=None, vmax=None, transition=None, clip=False)¶ Bases:
matplotlib.colors.Normalize
Normalizing that is linear up to a certain transition value, logarithmic afterwards
If vmin or vmax is not given, they are initialized from the minimum and maximum value respectively of the first input processed. That is, __call__(A) calls autoscale_None(A). If clip is True and the given value falls outside the range, the returned value will be 0 or 1, whichever is closer. Returns 0 if:
vmin==vmax
Works with scalars or arrays, including masked arrays. If clip is True, masked values are set to 1; otherwise they remain masked. Clipping silently defeats the purpose of setting the over, under, and masked colors in the colormap, so it is likely to lead to surprises; therefore the default is clip = False.
-
class
rainforest.common.graphics.
QPE_cmap
¶ Bases:
matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap
Colormap that uses purple tones for small values, and then a transition from blue to red for values above the transition
Create color map from linear mapping segments
segmentdata argument is a dictionary with a red, green and blue entries. Each entry should be a list of x, y0, y1 tuples, forming rows in a table. Entries for alpha are optional.
Example: suppose you want red to increase from 0 to 1 over the bottom half, green to do the same over the middle half, and blue over the top half. Then you would use:
cdict = {'red': [(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.5, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)], 'green': [(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.25, 0.0, 0.0), (0.75, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)], 'blue': [(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (0.5, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)]}
Each row in the table for a given color is a sequence of x, y0, y1 tuples. In each sequence, x must increase monotonically from 0 to 1. For any input value z falling between x[i] and x[i+1], the output value of a given color will be linearly interpolated between y1[i] and y0[i+1]:
row i: x y0 y1 / / row i+1: x y0 y1
Hence y0 in the first row and y1 in the last row are never used.
See also
LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list
Static method; factory function for generating a smoothly-varying LinearSegmentedColormap.
makeMappingArray
For information about making a mapping array.
-
rainforest.common.graphics.
plot_crossval_stats
(stats, output_folder)¶ Plots the results of a crossvalidation intercomparion as performed in the rf.py module
- Parameters
stats (dict) – dictionary containing the result statistics as obtained in the rf.py:model_intercomparison function
output_folder (str) – where to store the plots
-
rainforest.common.graphics.
qpe_plot
(data, subplots=None, figsize=None, vmin=0.04, vmax=120, transition=10, ch_border=True, xlim=None, ylim=None, cbar_orientation='horizontal', **kwargs)¶ Plots one or multiple QPE realizations using a special colormap, that shows a clear transition between low and high precipitation intensities, for low precipitation it is linear whereas for high precipitation it is logarithmic
If multiple QPE realizations are given, they will be displayed as subplots
- Parameters
data (list of numpy arrays or numpy array) – the set of QPE realizations to display
subplots (2-element tuple (optional)) – Tuple indicating the number of subplots in each direction, the product of its elements must be equal to the number of QPE realizations If not provided, the default will be (1,n) where n is the number of realizations
figsize (2-element tuple (optional)) – Tuple indicating the size of the figure in inches in both directions (w,h)
vmin (float (optional)) – Minimum value of precipitation to display, values below will be blank
vmax (float (optional)) – Maximum value of precipitation to display, values below above will be shown with the color corresponding to vmax
transition (float (optional)) – The transition value from which to change colormap and switch from linear to logarithmic scale
ch_border (bool (optiona)) – Whether to overlay the shapefile of the Swiss borders
xlim (2 element tuple (optional)) – limits of the plots in the west-east direction (in Swiss coordinates)
ylim (2 element tuple (optional)) – limits of the plots in the south-north direction (in Swiss coordinates)
cbar_orientation (str (optional)) – colorbar orientation, either ‘horizontal’ or ‘vertical’
**kwargs – All additional arguments that can be passed to imshow
- Returns
- Return type
Nothing
-
rainforest.common.graphics.
qpe_scatterplot
(qpe_est, ref, title_prefix='', figsize=(10, 7.5))¶ Plots the results of multiple QPE models as a function of the reference gauge measurement
- Parameters
qpe_est (dict of arrays) – Every value in the dictionary is a set of QPE estimates, every key is a model
ref (np.ndarray) – contains the reference observations (gauge), must have the same shape as any element in qpe_est
- title_prefix: str (optional)
a prefix for the suptitle (global titl
- figsize: 2-element tuple (optional)
Tuple indicating the size of the figure in inches in both directions (w,h)
- Returns
- Return type
Nothing
-
rainforest.common.graphics.
score_plot
(scores, title_prefix='', figsize=(10, 5))¶ Plots a series of QPE verification scores in the form of stacked barplots, for different ranges of precipitation
IMPORTANT: the scores dictionary must have the following structure
scores[model][precip_range][score]
for example
scores[‘RF_dualpol’][‘0.0-2.0’][‘ME’] = -0.27
you can get such a dictionary with the perfscores function in common.utils i.e. scores[‘RZC’] = perfscores(…)
- Parameters
scores (dict of dict of dict of scores) – the set of scores to display
title_prefix (str (optional)) – a prefix for the suptitle (global title)
figsize (2-element tuple (optional)) – Tuple indicating the size of the figure in inches in both directions (w,h)
- Returns
- Return type
Nothing
rainforest.common.lookup module¶
Functions to read and compute lookup tables
The available lookup tables are
qpebias_station : dict with the bias correction of RZC at every station
cosmo1_to_rad : dict which maps COSMO grid to polar radar grid it has keys [sweep][coord_type], coord_type is ‘idx_0’ : first index of COSMO grids, ‘idx_1’: second, ‘idx_3’: third, mask’ is 1 for points that fall outside of COSMO domain. This lookup table is valid only for COSMO data stored in /store/s83/owm/COSMO-1/
cosmo2_to_rad : same thing but for COSMO 2 data
cosmo1T_to_rad : same thing but for netCDF files of COSMO1 temperature extracted for MDR and stored in /store/s83/owm/COSMO-1/ORDERS/MDR/
cosmo1T_to_rad : same thing but for netCDF files of COSMO2 temperature extracted for MDR and stored in /store/msrad/cosmo/cosmo2/data/
station_to_rad : maps the SMN stations to radar coordinates, it is an extraction of the more generic but less convenient qpegrid_to_rad table It is list of 3 elements, first element is a dict with keys [station][sweep][ncode] and gives the polar gates (azimuth_idx, range_idx) that fall within a Cartesian pixel at a given radar elevation and for a given station neighbour (00 = station location, -1-1 = one to the south-west, 22 = two km to north and 2 km to east) second element is a dict giving distance from every station to the radar third element is a dict of keys [station][sweep] giving the height above ground of the radar observations above that station at a given elevation (sweep) MISSING KEYS IMPLY NO RADAR VISIBILITY
cartcoords_rad : gives the Cartesian (Swiss LV03) coordinates of all polar gates. It is a dict that gives for every sweep a 3D array of shape ncoords x nazimuth x nrange, ncoords is 3, first slice is Swiss Y coordinate (west to east), second is Swiss X-coordinate (south to north) and last is Swiss Z coordinate (altitude)
qpegrid_to_rad : maps the radar polar data to any gridpoint of the Swiss QPE grid. It is simply a 2D array with 5 columns | sweep | azimuth_idx | range_idx | Swiss Y coord | Swiss X coord|
station_to_qpegrid : maps every station to the corresponding QPE gridpoint it is a dict of keys [station][ncode] and gives the index of every neighbour of every station in the QPE 2D grid 640 x 710 pixels
visibility_rad : gives the (static) visibility of every polar gate for a given sweep number in the form of a 2D field of size nazimuth x nrange
-
rainforest.common.lookup.
calc_lookup
(lookup_type, radar=None)¶ Calculates a lookup table and stores it in the /data/lookup_data folder
- Parameters
lookup_type (str) –
the lookup table type, must be one of
qpebias_station
cosmo1_to_rad
cosmo2_to_rad
cosmo1T_to_rad
cosmo2T_to_rad
station_to_rad
cartcoords_rad
qpegrid_to_rad
station_to_qpegrid
visibility_rad
radar (char or list of chars (optional)) – the radar for which to retrieve the lookup table, needed only if the lookup_type contains the term ‘rad’, must be either ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘L’, ‘W’ or ‘P’
-
rainforest.common.lookup.
get_lookup
(lookup_type, radar=None)¶ Read a lookup table from the /data/lookup_data folder
- Parameters
lookup_type (str) –
the lookup table type, must be one of
qpebias_station
cosmo1_to_rad
cosmo2_to_rad
cosmo1T_to_rad
cosmo2T_to_rad
station_to_rad
cartcoords_rad
qpegrid_to_rad
station_to_qpegrid
visibility_rad
radar (char or list of chars (optional)) – the radar for which to retrieve the lookup table, needed only if the lookup_type contains the term ‘rad’, must be either ‘A’, ‘D’, ‘L’, ‘W’ or ‘P’
- Returns
lut – The lookup table in the form of a python dict
- Return type
dict
rainforest.common.utils module¶
Set of functions that can be useful
Daniel Wolfensberger MeteoSwiss/EPFL<EMAIL_ADDRESS>December 2019
-
rainforest.common.utils.
LV03toWGS84
(east, north, heights)¶ Converts a set of WGS84, lat/lon/heights to Swiss CH1903 coordinates
- Parameters
east (ndarray) – Easterly Swiss coordinates (CHY)
north (ndarray) – northerly Swiss coordinates (CHX)
heights (ndarray) – heights a.s.l in WGS84 coordinates
- Returns
- Return type
lat, lon and height coordinates in WGS84
-
rainforest.common.utils.
aggregate_multi
(array_3d, agg_operators)¶ Aggregates a 3D numpy array alongs its first axis, using different aggregation operators
- Parameters
array_3d (ndarray) – 3D numpy array, of shape (N x M x L)
agg_operators (ndarray of integers) – array of aggregation operators as defined in the constants.py file, must have the same length as the first dimension of array_3D (N)
- Returns
- Return type
An aggregated array of size M x L
-
rainforest.common.utils.
chunks
(l, n)¶ Divides a list l into n sublists of similar sizes
-
rainforest.common.utils.
dict_flatten
(mydict)¶ Flattens a nested dictionary
-
rainforest.common.utils.
envyaml
(filename)¶ Reads a yaml configuration file while parsing environment variables. Environment variables must be written as ${NAME_OF_VAR} in the yaml file
- Parameters
filename (str) – path of the input yaml file
- Returns
the yaml content in the form of a python dict
- Return type
dict
-
rainforest.common.utils.
get_qpe_files
(input_folder, t0=None, t1=None, time_agg=None, list_models=None)¶ Gets the list of all qpe files in a folder (as saved by qpe_compute) and separates them by qpe type and timestep
- Parameters
input_folder (str) – main directory where the qpe files are saved, it contains one subfolder for every qpe model (type) that was used
t0 (datetime (optional)) – Starting time of the period to retrieve, will be used to filter files, if not provided starting time will be time of first file
t1 (datetime (optional)) – End time of the period to retrieve, will be used to filter files, if not provided end time will be time of last file
time_agg (minutes (optional)) – Will aggregate all files to a reference time in minutes (e.g. use 10 to put together all files that correspond to a single gauge measurement)
list_models ((optional)) – List of qpe types to retrieve , if not provided all folders in input_folder will be used
- Returns
A dictionary where every key is a QPE model and every value is a list
with all files in chronological order
-
rainforest.common.utils.
hex_to_rgb
(value)¶
-
rainforest.common.utils.
idx_cart
(x, y)¶ Returns the Cartesian index of a set of coordinates x and y
-
rainforest.common.utils.
nanadd_at
(a, indices, b)¶ Replaces nans by zero in call to np.add.at
-
rainforest.common.utils.
nearest_time
(dt, reference)¶ Gets the nearest earlier reference timestep to a given datetime, for ex. if dt = 1 Jan 2020 10:12, and reference is 10 it will return
1 Jan 2020 10:10, or if dt = 1 Jan 2020 10:59 and reference is 60 it will return 1 Jan 2020 10:00
- Parameters
dt (datetime) – The datetime to check
reference (int) – The reference timestep in minutes
- Returns
- Return type
The closest earlier timestep in datetime format
-
rainforest.common.utils.
nested_dict_gen
(d)¶ The generator for the previous function
-
rainforest.common.utils.
nested_dict_values
(d)¶ Extracts all values from a nested dictionary
-
rainforest.common.utils.
perfscores
(est_data, ref_data, bounds=None, array=False)¶ Computes a set of precipitation performance scores, on different data ranges. The scores are
scatter: 0.5 * (Qw84(x) - Qw16(x)), where Qw is a quantile weighted by ref_data / sum(ref_data) and x is est_data / ref_data in dB scale
RMSE: root mean square error (linear error)
bias: (ME/mean(ref_data) + 1) in dB
ED: the energy distance which is a measure of the distance between two distributions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_distance)
- Parameters
est_data (ndarray) – array of estimates (ex. precip from QPE)
ref_data (ndarray) – array of reference (ex. precip from gauge)
bounds (list (optional)) – list of bounds on ref_data for which to compute the error metrics, by default all data will be used (unbounded), note that even if you prescribe bounds the scores for the overall data will always be added in the output
array (boolean (optional)) – Whether or not to convert the output dict to a numpy array
- Returns
all_metrics – a dictionary containing all the scores, organized in the following way all_metrics[bound][score]
- Return type
dict or ndarray
-
rainforest.common.utils.
quantile
(data, weights, quantile)¶ Weighted quantile of an array with respect to the last axis.
- Parameters
data (ndarray) – Input array.
weights (ndarray) – Array with the weights. It must have the same size of the last axis of data.
quantile (float) – Quantile to compute. It must have a value between 0 and 1.
- Returns
quantile – The output value.
- Return type
float
-
rainforest.common.utils.
quantile_1D
(data, weights, quantile)¶ Compute the weighted quantile of a 1D numpy array.
- Parameters
data (ndarray) – Input array (one dimension).
weights (ndarray) – Array with the weights of the same size of data.
quantile (float) – Quantile to compute. It must have a value between 0 and 1.
- Returns
quantile_1D – The output value.
- Return type
float
-
rainforest.common.utils.
read_df
(pattern, dbsystem='dask', sqlContext=None)¶ Reads a set of data contained in a folder as a spark or dask DataFrame
- Parameters
pattern (str) – Unix style wildcard pattern pointing to the files, for example /store/msrad/folder/*.csv will read all csv files in that folder
dbsystem (str) – Either “dask” if you want a Dask DataFrame or “spark” if you want a spark dataframe
sqlContext (sqlContext instance) – sqlContext to use, required only if dbystem = ‘spark’
- Returns
- Return type
A spark or dask DataFrame instance
-
rainforest.common.utils.
read_task_file
(task_file)¶ Reads a database processing task file
-
rainforest.common.utils.
rename_fields
(data)¶ Rename pyart fields from pyrad names to simpler names, according to the dictionary PYART_NAMES_MAPPING in the constants.py module
-
rainforest.common.utils.
round_to_hour
(dt)¶ Returns the sweep number of a polar file based on its name
-
rainforest.common.utils.
split_by_time
(files_rad)¶ Separate a list of files by their timestamp
-
rainforest.common.utils.
stack_uneven
(arrays, fill_value=nan)¶ Fits mmltiple into a single numpy array, even if they are different sizes, assigning a fill_value to parts with no data
- Parameters
arrays (list of np arrays) – list of numpy array to stack, they can have different dimensions
fill_value ((float, optional)) – the fill value with which to fill the missing pixels
- Returns
a np.ndarray with size N x M, where N is the sum of the number of
rows of all arrays and M is the maximal number of columns in all arrays
-
rainforest.common.utils.
sweepnumber_fromfile
(fname)¶ Returns the sweep number of a polar file based on its name
-
rainforest.common.utils.
timefromfilename
(fname)¶ Returns the datetime of a file based on its name
-
rainforest.common.utils.
timestamp_from_datestr
(datestr)¶
-
rainforest.common.utils.
timestamp_from_datetime
(dt)¶
-
rainforest.common.utils.
wgs84toCH1903
(lat, lon, heights)¶ Converts a set of WGS84, lat/lon/heights to Swiss CH1903 coordinates, east, north and height
- Parameters
lat (ndarray) – latitudes in decimal format (degrees)
lon (ndarray) – longitudes in decimal format (degrees)
heights (ndarray) – heights a.s.l in WGS84 coordinates
- Returns
- Return type
east, north and height coordinates in CHLV190
rainforest.common.wgs84_ch1903 module¶
-
class
rainforest.common.wgs84_ch1903.
GPSConverter
¶ Bases:
object
GPS Converter class which is able to perform convertions between the CH1903 and WGS84 system.
-
CHtoWGSheight
(y, x, h)¶
-
CHtoWGSlat
(y, x)¶
-
CHtoWGSlng
(y, x)¶
-
DecToSexAngle
(dec)¶
-
LV03toWGS84
(east, north, height)¶ Convert LV03 to WGS84 Return a array of double that contain lat, long, and height
-
SexAngleToSeconds
(dms)¶
-
SexToDecAngle
(dms)¶
-
WGS84toLV03
(latitude, longitude, ellHeight)¶ Convert WGS84 to LV03 Return an array of double that contaign east, north, and height
-
WGStoCHh
(lat, lng, h)¶
-
WGStoCHx
(lat, lng)¶
-
WGStoCHy
(lat, lng)¶
-


--- layout: page title: About Me description: This is what I do. background: '/img/bg-about.jpg' ---
Hello, I'm Tina Ruan.
I'm a product manager in Beijing, China. Right now I am in my process of learning code. This blog is used for recording learning summary and thoughts during the whole process.


My full name is Cameron Jamaal Forrest, but most of my friends call me bam. I graduated from the Illustrious Tennessee State Univrsity with a BA i Business Information Systems. I'm from a city that is known for its music, but no it is not the country genre. It's actually know for it's down south Blues and yes im talking about good ole Memphis.
So far this homework assignment is a littl easier than the first. I couldnt get the section and aside to fit in same box. But I will just come back to that later on.
Hopefully I didnt jinx myself, and hopefully its just me getting better. I came back to add more to this paragraph because I did indeed jinx myself. I stayed up till midnight trying to figure out an issue on accident. At that point I wasnt going in to work the next day so I sat around and watched the game of thrones to clear my mind. But today when I went to work it just all started clicking.


{% load static %} {% load tags %}
This is a project for generating music using machine learning models trained on tracker music in MOD format.
Please help evaluate the strength of the models by listening to the pairs of clips below. The clips in each pair starts the same but continues differently, depending on how the clip was generated. For each pair, select the clip you think sounds better. When you are done press submit answer. The models or humans that composed each clip will be revealed. You can retake the survey multiple times.
No personal information is collected.
See https://github.com/bjourne/musicgen for more information about the project.
audio


Telescopes and Facilities
Large Telescopes
Perhaps the most unique aspect of Astronomy Camp is the availability of large research telescopes under dark Arizona skies. You can learn more about each of the telescopes we use by selecting one of the following links.
At the Mt. Lemmon and Bigelow sites (9,157 and 8,235 feet elevation):
At the Mt. Lemmon and Bigelow sites (9,157 and 8,235 feet elevation):
- A 12-inch (0.3 meter) Meade LX-200 reflector.
- The 24- and 32-inch telescopes of the SkyCenter.
- A 60-inch and the 61-inch Kuiper telescope.
- A 60-inch telescope of the University of Minnesota, enabling digital imaging at infrared wavelengths with a 2MASS IR camera.
- The 90-inch Bok telescope
- The 12 meter radio telescope of the Arizona Radio Observatory
- The 10-meter Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Radio Telescope
Direct Imaging
Astronomy Camp also has a large array of imaging instruments that can be installed on the telescopes above. This gives campers unmatched capabilities and flexibility!
The following instruments are available for some of the Advanced Camps:
- Santa Barbara Instrument Group ST-6B (375x242 pixels), ST-7XE (765x510 pixels) and ST-9XE CCDs (512x512 pixels) for all telescopes. The ST-7E camera at the 12-inch LX-200 telescope is equipped with a ten-position filter wheel and can be used with an f/3.3 focal reducer to provide a field-of-view of 20 arcminutes. It can also be used with an AO-7 adaptive optics system. Details on the cameras can be found on the SBIG web site by selecting "Products."
- 35 mm camera mounts and digital SLR cameras for astrophotography on all telescopes
- Photon-counting aperture OPTEC SSP-3 photometer, for all telescopes
- Several 1.25" and 2" eyepieces (including a 55mm Televue Ploessl and a 35mm Televue Panoptic), filters (nebular, solar, lunar) for all telescopes.
- PISCES: A 1024x1024 pixel wide-field near-infrared (1.0-2.5 microns) camera, still used for active research, can be used at the 90" telescope for Advanced Camps!
- Infrared imaging with a 2MASS IR camera on the 60-inch telescope of the University of Minnesota.
- A world-class 4096x4096 pixel CCD for imaging at the 61" Kuiper telescope
- A state of the art 4096x4096 pixel thinned-CCD prime focus camera at the 60" telescope that covers a one-degree field of view (4 full moons).
Solar Observing
Astronomy Camp also features an afternoon of solar imaging with a wide variety of gadgets for safely viewing the Sun's photosphere, chromosphere, sunspots, prominences, and flares.
- A Day Star hydrogen-alpha filter for observing prominences, flares, granulation, and general activity on the Sun. Its bandwidth is 0.6 Angstroms. It can be used on the 12-inch LX-200 telescope or separately on an 8-inch Celestron telescope.
- A Coronado Instruments Ca K filter for observing solar magnetic activity.
- A Sun Gun for directly imaging the Sun in broad-band visible light.
- A classic Questar 3.5-inch telescope for solar imaging.
- Two models of SunSpotter telescopes.
- BinoMite binoculars from Coronado.
- Two Astroscan telescopes for viewing the photosphere by eyepiece projection.
- Spectroscopes for examining the Fraunhofer absorption lines in the Sun's spectrum.
- Pinhole cameras using the dark interiors of our telescope domes.
- Eclipse glasses for direct viewing of sunspots.
Spectroscopy
The "other" half of observational astronomy is spectroscopy.
Using the Camp spectrometers, campers can dissect the light coming from astronomical objects to determine their physical
and chemical properties! Follow this link for lots more information about
spectroscopy at Astronomy Camp!
- An Optomechanics Research grating spectrometer, for all telescopes. It can be used for visual spectroscopy (by eye), for photographic spectroscopy (with a 35mm camera), or CCD spectroscopy (with the ST-9XE or ST-6 CCDs).
- An SBIG Model SGS spectrograph and ST-7XE CCD for use on the 12-inch LX-220 telescope.
- Diffraction gratings ("grisms") from Rainbow Optics that thread into 1.25" eyepieces, mostly for visual use on our 4", 8", and 12" telescopes
Computers
Modern astronomy has come to rely heavily on computers; both for control of telescopes and instruments, and for image processing and scientific analysis (and for scientific collaboration!). Follow this link to learn more about computing capabilities at Astronomy Camp!
Tucson Area Sights
Astronomy Camp provides a rare opportunity for a true behind-the-scenes look at some of the major astronomical facilities in Tucson, such as:
- The Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory, casting the world's largest mirrors.
- Kitt Peak National Observatory
- Mount Graham International Observatory
- The MMT and Whipple Observatory on Mount Hopkins
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All Images, Media and Content - Copyright © 2019 Astronomy Camp
Site Design by Jacob Omann. Maintained by Astronomy Camp. Updated December 24, 2018
All Images, Media and Content - Copyright © 2019 Astronomy Camp
Site Design by Jacob Omann. Maintained by Astronomy Camp. Updated December 24, 2018


I have now added a comment system to cl-blog-generator. My requirements were for a simple, low overhead, commenting system, preferable one that could possibly be fully automated.
The comment system was inspired by Chronicle's, with a slight modification in approach - the comments are never saved on the web server, and are just sent by email to a dedicated email address. Spam filtering is delegated to the whatever spam filtering is implemented on the mail server, or in your email client. The comment emails are then processed in CL using mel-base and written to the local filesystem. Moderation can optionally occur on the CL side, if that is preferable to using the email client.
There is still some work left to do - I would like to be able to switch off comments on individual posts, either on demand on after a default time period - but I thought I would let real world usage drive my development.


{% extends "_base.html" %} {% block title %} Apply {% endblock %} {% block bodycontent %}
{{error}}
{% else %}Please Enter Your Information Below:
Notice: Account, Password and Email are required, other information can be submitted later
{% endif %}


MissionManager class for chaining/managing missions.
More...
#include <DJI_MissionManager.h>
MissionManager class for chaining/managing missions.
| MissionManager::MissionManager |
( |
Vehicle * |
vehiclePtr = 0 | ) |
|
- Note
Currently the implementation will not affect any porting and refactoring Mission can be called as simple as vehicle->missionManager->waypt/hotpt->func()
MissionManager exists because: It can maintain flexibility and scalability for future application that might need more missions in one flight ex. first use waypt mission to navigate to point A, B, and C At point C, execute a hot point around it After hotpt mission, do a waypt mission to point D, E, and F.
Detail: This manager has two fixed-size container for waypt and hotpt User only needs to call missionManager->init(_,_,_) the manager will instantiate the object and keep a ptr to the latest one At the same time, there will be a counter for protection in case the user is trying to access object that does not exist
Future work:
- might need a smarter container for removing mission
- might need a smart mechanism to schedule missions
- combine the push data event callback to schedule missions
- be creative
| bool MissionManager::decodeMissionStatus |
( |
uint8_t |
ack, |
|
|
Vehicle * |
vehiclePtr |
|
) |
| |
|
static |
decode the ack according to open protocol
- Parameters
-
| HotPoint * MissionManager::getHotpt |
( |
int |
index | ) |
|
get hotpt ptr from hotpt container
- Parameters
-
| index | index of hotpt container |
| Waypoints * MissionManager::getWaypt |
( |
int |
index | ) |
|
get waypt ptr from waypt container
- Parameters
-
| index | index of waypt container |
| ACKErrorCode MissionManager::init |
( |
DJI_MISSION_TYPE |
type, |
|
|
int |
timeout, |
|
|
UserData |
missionData = 0 |
|
) |
| |
init missions, could be hotpt or waypt, blocking calls
- Parameters
-
| type | mission type enum |
| timeout | timeout |
| missionData | initData for the mission (void ptr) |
| void MissionManager::init |
( |
DJI_MISSION_TYPE |
type, |
|
|
VehicleCallBack |
callback = 0 , |
|
|
UserData |
missionData = 0 |
|
) |
| |
init missions, could be hotpt or waypt, non-blocking calls
- Parameters
-
| type | mission type enum |
| callback | user specified callback |
| missionData | initData for the mission (void ptr) |
| void MissionManager::missionCallback |
( |
Vehicle * |
vehiclePtr, |
|
|
RecvContainer |
recvFrame, |
|
|
UserData |
userData |
|
) |
| |
|
static |
a callback function for waypoint non-blocking calls
- Parameters
-
| recvFrame | RecvContainer populated by the protocolLayer |
| userData | void ptr for user usage |
| void MissionManager::printInfo |
( |
| ) |
|
print the status of the mission manager
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Unlimited Games. How should Red play 22?
pips Red=140 White=179
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
6/4(2) is very clear but what about the other pair of twos? 13/11(2) looks natural but that gives Red TMP (Too Many Points). He has a huge racing lead, so he doesn’t want the problem of clearing his 11-pt later.
This leads us to the correct play of 9/7(2), 6/4(2). The bar-point will then be a useful landing point for the Red checkers on the mid-point.
13/11(2), 6/4(2) is quite a big error, as is 16/14, 8/4, 6/4.
This leads us to the correct play of 9/7(2), 6/4(2). The bar-point will then be a useful landing point for the Red checkers on the mid-point.
13/11(2), 6/4(2) is quite a big error, as is 16/14, 8/4, 6/4.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 9/7(2) 6/4(2) Eq.: +0.438 0.701 0.188 0.007 - 0.299 0.057 0.001 2. Cubeful 2-ply 13/9 6/4(2) Eq.: +0.410 (-0.028) 0.691 0.183 0.008 - 0.309 0.057 0.001 3. Cubeful 2-ply 16/14 13/11 6/4(2) Eq.: +0.407 (-0.031) 0.690 0.183 0.010 - 0.310 0.059 0.001 4. Cubeful 2-ply 16/14 8/4 6/4 Eq.: +0.406 (-0.032) 0.693 0.177 0.007 - 0.307 0.059 0.001 5. Cubeful 2-ply 13/11(2) 6/4(2) Eq.: +0.402 (-0.036) 0.687 0.185 0.009 - 0.313 0.058 0.002


it's a separate package on Hackage now, better read there or download and run
cabal haddock
inside the directory.


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I will be the leader of a company that ends up being worth billions of dollars,because i got answers
i undrestand culture.I am nucleus.I think that`s a responsibility that i have, to push possiblities, to show people,
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European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
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A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
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A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
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A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
FULL SYNOPSIS135 MINS 18
A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
FULL SYNOPSIS135 MINS 18
A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
FULL SYNOPSIS135 MINS 18
A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
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FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
FULL SYNOPSIS135 MINS 18
A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
FULL SYNOPSIS135 MINS 18
A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
European mercenaries searching for black powder become embroiled in the defense of It's over of China against a horde of monstrous creatures.
FULL SYNOPSIS105 MINS 15
Steve Rogers, a rejected military soldier transforms into Captain America after taking a dose of a "Super-Soldier serum". But being Captain America comes at a price as he attempts to take down a war monger and a terrorist organization.
FULL SYNOPSIS120 MINS PG
A chronicle of the childhood, adolescence and burgeoning adulthood of a young black man growing up in a rough neighborhood of Miami.
FULL SYNOPSIS117 MINS U
A working-class African-American father tries to raise his family in the 1950s, while coming to terms with the events of his life.
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30 September, 2017
A dramatization of the April 2010 disaster, when the offshore drilling rig Deepwater Horizon exploded and created the worst oil spill in U.S. history.
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