This document describes the CommandLine argument processing library. It will show you how to use it, and what it can do. The CommandLine library uses a declarative approach to specifying the command line options that your program takes. By default, these options declarations implicitly hold the value parsed for the option declared (of course this can be changed).
Although there are a lot of command line argument parsing libraries out there in many different languages, none of them fit well with what I needed. By looking at the features and problems of other libraries, I designed the CommandLine library to have the following features:
This document will hopefully let you jump in and start using CommandLine in your utility quickly and painlessly. Additionally it should be a simple reference manual to figure out how stuff works. If it is failing in some area (or you want an extension to the library), nag the author, Chris Lattner.
This section of the manual runs through a simple CommandLine'ification of a basic compiler tool. This is intended to show you how to jump into using the CommandLine library in your own program, and show you some of the cool things it can do.
To start out, you need to include the CommandLine header file into your program:
#include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
Additionally, you need to add this as the first line of your main program:
int main(int argc, char **argv) { cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv); ... }
... which actually parses the arguments and fills in the variable declarations.
Now that you are ready to support command line arguments, we need to tell the system which ones we want, and what type of arguments they are. The CommandLine library uses a declarative syntax to model command line arguments with the global variable declarations that capture the parsed values. This means that for every command line option that you would like to support, there should be a global variable declaration to capture the result. For example, in a compiler, we would like to support the Unix-standard '-o <filename>' option to specify where to put the output. With the CommandLine library, this is represented like this:
cl::opt<string> OutputFilename("o", cl::desc("Specify output filename"), cl::value_desc("filename"));
This declares a global variable "OutputFilename" that is used to capture the result of the "o" argument (first parameter). We specify that this is a simple scalar option by using the "cl::opt" template (as opposed to the "cl::list template), and tell the CommandLine library that the data type that we are parsing is a string.
The second and third parameters (which are optional) are used to specify what to output for the "-help" option. In this case, we get a line that looks like this:
USAGE: compiler [options] OPTIONS: -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -o <filename> - Specify output filename
Because we specified that the command line option should parse using the string data type, the variable declared is automatically usable as a real string in all contexts that a normal C++ string object may be used. For example:
... std::ofstream Output(OutputFilename.c_str()); if (Output.good()) ... ...
There are many different options that you can use to customize the command line option handling library, but the above example shows the general interface to these options. The options can be specified in any order, and are specified with helper functions like cl::desc(...), so there are no positional dependencies to remember. The available options are discussed in detail in the Reference Guide.
Continuing the example, we would like to have our compiler take an input filename as well as an output filename, but we do not want the input filename to be specified with a hyphen (ie, not -filename.c). To support this style of argument, the CommandLine library allows for positional arguments to be specified for the program. These positional arguments are filled with command line parameters that are not in option form. We use this feature like this:
cl::opt<string> InputFilename(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<input file>"), cl::init("-"));
This declaration indicates that the first positional argument should be treated as the input filename. Here we use the cl::init option to specify an initial value for the command line option, which is used if the option is not specified (if you do not specify a cl::init modifier for an option, then the default constructor for the data type is used to initialize the value). Command line options default to being optional, so if we would like to require that the user always specify an input filename, we would add the cl::Required flag, and we could eliminate the cl::init modifier, like this:
cl::opt<string> InputFilename(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<input file>"), cl::Required);
Again, the CommandLine library does not require the options to be specified in any particular order, so the above declaration is equivalent to:
cl::opt<string> InputFilename(cl::Positional, cl::Required, cl::desc("<input file>"));
By simply adding the cl::Required flag, the CommandLine library will automatically issue an error if the argument is not specified, which shifts all of the command line option verification code out of your application into the library. This is just one example of how using flags can alter the default behaviour of the library, on a per-option basis. By adding one of the declarations above, the -help option synopsis is now extended to:
USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -o <filename> - Specify output filename
... indicating that an input filename is expected.
In addition to input and output filenames, we would like the compiler example to support three boolean flags: "-f" to force writing binary output to a terminal, "--quiet" to enable quiet mode, and "-q" for backwards compatibility with some of our users. We can support these by declaring options of boolean type like this:
cl::opt<bool> Force ("f", cl::desc("Enable binary output on terminals")); cl::opt<bool> Quiet ("quiet", cl::desc("Don't print informational messages")); cl::opt<bool> Quiet2("q", cl::desc("Don't print informational messages"), cl::Hidden);
This does what you would expect: it declares three boolean variables ("Force", "Quiet", and "Quiet2") to recognize these options. Note that the "-q" option is specified with the "cl::Hidden" flag. This modifier prevents it from being shown by the standard "-help" output (note that it is still shown in the "-help-hidden" output).
The CommandLine library uses a different parser for different data types. For example, in the string case, the argument passed to the option is copied literally into the content of the string variable... we obviously cannot do that in the boolean case, however, so we must use a smarter parser. In the case of the boolean parser, it allows no options (in which case it assigns the value of true to the variable), or it allows the values "true" or "false" to be specified, allowing any of the following inputs:
compiler -f # No value, 'Force' == true compiler -f=true # Value specified, 'Force' == true compiler -f=TRUE # Value specified, 'Force' == true compiler -f=FALSE # Value specified, 'Force' == false
... you get the idea. The bool parser just turns the string values into boolean values, and rejects things like 'compiler -f=foo'. Similarly, the float, double, and int parsers work like you would expect, using the 'strtol' and 'strtod' C library calls to parse the string value into the specified data type.
With the declarations above, "compiler -help" emits this:
USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: -f - Enable binary output on terminals -o - Override output filename -quiet - Don't print informational messages -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more)
and "compiler -help-hidden" prints this:
USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: -f - Enable binary output on terminals -o - Override output filename -q - Don't print informational messages -quiet - Don't print informational messages -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more)
This brief example has shown you how to use the 'cl::opt' class to parse simple scalar command line arguments. In addition to simple scalar arguments, the CommandLine library also provides primitives to support CommandLine option aliases, and lists of options.
So far, the example works well, except for the fact that we need to check the quiet condition like this now:
... if (!Quiet && !Quiet2) printInformationalMessage(...); ...
... which is a real pain! Instead of defining two values for the same condition, we can use the "cl::alias" class to make the "-q" option an alias for the "-quiet" option, instead of providing a value itself:
cl::opt<bool> Force ("f", cl::desc("Overwrite output files")); cl::opt<bool> Quiet ("quiet", cl::desc("Don't print informational messages")); cl::alias QuietA("q", cl::desc("Alias for -quiet"), cl::aliasopt(Quiet));
The third line (which is the only one we modified from above) defines a "-q" alias that updates the "Quiet" variable (as specified by the cl::aliasopt modifier) whenever it is specified. Because aliases do not hold state, the only thing the program has to query is the Quiet variable now. Another nice feature of aliases is that they automatically hide themselves from the -help output (although, again, they are still visible in the -help-hidden output).
Now the application code can simply use:
... if (!Quiet) printInformationalMessage(...); ...
... which is much nicer! The "cl::alias" can be used to specify an alternative name for any variable type, and has many uses.
So far we have seen how the CommandLine library handles builtin types like std::string, bool and int, but how does it handle things it doesn't know about, like enums or 'int*'s?
The answer is that it uses a table-driven generic parser (unless you specify your own parser, as described in the Extension Guide). This parser maps literal strings to whatever type is required, and requires you to tell it what this mapping should be.
Let's say that we would like to add four optimization levels to our optimizer, using the standard flags "-g", "-O0", "-O1", and "-O2". We could easily implement this with boolean options like above, but there are several problems with this strategy:
To cope with these problems, we can use an enum value, and have the CommandLine library fill it in with the appropriate level directly, which is used like this:
enum OptLevel { g, O1, O2, O3 }; cl::opt<OptLevel> OptimizationLevel(cl::desc("Choose optimization level:"), cl::values( clEnumVal(g , "No optimizations, enable debugging"), clEnumVal(O1, "Enable trivial optimizations"), clEnumVal(O2, "Enable default optimizations"), clEnumVal(O3, "Enable expensive optimizations"), clEnumValEnd)); ... if (OptimizationLevel >= O2) doPartialRedundancyElimination(...); ...
This declaration defines a variable "OptimizationLevel" of the "OptLevel" enum type. This variable can be assigned any of the values that are listed in the declaration (Note that the declaration list must be terminated with the "clEnumValEnd" argument!). The CommandLine library enforces that the user can only specify one of the options, and it ensure that only valid enum values can be specified. The "clEnumVal" macros ensure that the command line arguments matched the enum values. With this option added, our help output now is:
USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: Choose optimization level: -g - No optimizations, enable debugging -O1 - Enable trivial optimizations -O2 - Enable default optimizations -O3 - Enable expensive optimizations -f - Enable binary output on terminals -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -o <filename> - Specify output filename -quiet - Don't print informational messages
In this case, it is sort of awkward that flag names correspond directly to enum names, because we probably don't want a enum definition named "g" in our program. Because of this, we can alternatively write this example like this:
enum OptLevel { Debug, O1, O2, O3 }; cl::opt<OptLevel> OptimizationLevel(cl::desc("Choose optimization level:"), cl::values( clEnumValN(Debug, "g", "No optimizations, enable debugging"), clEnumVal(O1 , "Enable trivial optimizations"), clEnumVal(O2 , "Enable default optimizations"), clEnumVal(O3 , "Enable expensive optimizations"), clEnumValEnd)); ... if (OptimizationLevel == Debug) outputDebugInfo(...); ...
By using the "clEnumValN" macro instead of "clEnumVal", we can directly specify the name that the flag should get. In general a direct mapping is nice, but sometimes you can't or don't want to preserve the mapping, which is when you would use it.
Another useful argument form is a named alternative style. We shall use this style in our compiler to specify different debug levels that can be used. Instead of each debug level being its own switch, we want to support the following options, of which only one can be specified at a time: "--debug-level=none", "--debug-level=quick", "--debug-level=detailed". To do this, we use the exact same format as our optimization level flags, but we also specify an option name. For this case, the code looks like this:
enum DebugLev { nodebuginfo, quick, detailed }; // Enable Debug Options to be specified on the command line cl::opt<DebugLev> DebugLevel("debug_level", cl::desc("Set the debugging level:"), cl::values( clEnumValN(nodebuginfo, "none", "disable debug information"), clEnumVal(quick, "enable quick debug information"), clEnumVal(detailed, "enable detailed debug information"), clEnumValEnd));
This definition defines an enumerated command line variable of type "enum DebugLev", which works exactly the same way as before. The difference here is just the interface exposed to the user of your program and the help output by the "-help" option:
USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: Choose optimization level: -g - No optimizations, enable debugging -O1 - Enable trivial optimizations -O2 - Enable default optimizations -O3 - Enable expensive optimizations -debug_level - Set the debugging level: =none - disable debug information =quick - enable quick debug information =detailed - enable detailed debug information -f - Enable binary output on terminals -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -o <filename> - Specify output filename -quiet - Don't print informational messages
Again, the only structural difference between the debug level declaration and the optimization level declaration is that the debug level declaration includes an option name ("debug_level"), which automatically changes how the library processes the argument. The CommandLine library supports both forms so that you can choose the form most appropriate for your application.
Now that we have the standard run-of-the-mill argument types out of the way, lets get a little wild and crazy. Lets say that we want our optimizer to accept a list of optimizations to perform, allowing duplicates. For example, we might want to run: "compiler -dce -constprop -inline -dce -strip". In this case, the order of the arguments and the number of appearances is very important. This is what the "cl::list" template is for. First, start by defining an enum of the optimizations that you would like to perform:
enum Opts { // 'inline' is a C++ keyword, so name it 'inlining' dce, constprop, inlining, strip };
Then define your "cl::list" variable:
cl::list<Opts> OptimizationList(cl::desc("Available Optimizations:"), cl::values( clEnumVal(dce , "Dead Code Elimination"), clEnumVal(constprop , "Constant Propagation"), clEnumValN(inlining, "inline", "Procedure Integration"), clEnumVal(strip , "Strip Symbols"), clEnumValEnd));
This defines a variable that is conceptually of the type "std::vector<enum Opts>". Thus, you can access it with standard vector methods:
for (unsigned i = 0; i != OptimizationList.size(); ++i) switch (OptimizationList[i]) ...
... to iterate through the list of options specified.
Note that the "cl::list" template is completely general and may be used with any data types or other arguments that you can use with the "cl::opt" template. One especially useful way to use a list is to capture all of the positional arguments together if there may be more than one specified. In the case of a linker, for example, the linker takes several '.o' files, and needs to capture them into a list. This is naturally specified as:
... cl::list<std::string> InputFilenames(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<Input files>"), cl::OneOrMore); ...
This variable works just like a "vector<string>" object. As such, accessing the list is simple, just like above. In this example, we used the cl::OneOrMore modifier to inform the CommandLine library that it is an error if the user does not specify any .o files on our command line. Again, this just reduces the amount of checking we have to do.
Instead of collecting sets of options in a list, it is also possible to gather information for enum values in a bit vector. The representation used by the cl::bits class is an unsigned integer. An enum value is represented by a 0/1 in the enum's ordinal value bit position. 1 indicating that the enum was specified, 0 otherwise. As each specified value is parsed, the resulting enum's bit is set in the option's bit vector:
bits |= 1 << (unsigned)enum;
Options that are specified multiple times are redundant. Any instances after the first are discarded.
Reworking the above list example, we could replace cl::list with cl::bits:
cl::bits<Opts> OptimizationBits(cl::desc("Available Optimizations:"), cl::values( clEnumVal(dce , "Dead Code Elimination"), clEnumVal(constprop , "Constant Propagation"), clEnumValN(inlining, "inline", "Procedure Integration"), clEnumVal(strip , "Strip Symbols"), clEnumValEnd));
To test to see if constprop was specified, we can use the cl:bits::isSet function:
if (OptimizationBits.isSet(constprop)) { ... }
It's also possible to get the raw bit vector using the cl::bits::getBits function:
unsigned bits = OptimizationBits.getBits();
Finally, if external storage is used, then the location specified must be of type unsigned. In all other ways a cl::bits option is equivalent to a cl::list option.
As our program grows and becomes more mature, we may decide to put summary information about what it does into the help output. The help output is styled to look similar to a Unix man page, providing concise information about a program. Unix man pages, however often have a description about what the program does. To add this to your CommandLine program, simply pass a third argument to the cl::ParseCommandLineOptions call in main. This additional argument is then printed as the overview information for your program, allowing you to include any additional information that you want. For example:
int main(int argc, char **argv) { cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv, " CommandLine compiler example\n\n" " This program blah blah blah...\n"); ... }
would yield the help output:
OVERVIEW: CommandLine compiler example This program blah blah blah... USAGE: compiler [options] <input file> OPTIONS: ... -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -o <filename> - Specify output filename
Now that you know the basics of how to use the CommandLine library, this section will give you the detailed information you need to tune how command line options work, as well as information on more "advanced" command line option processing capabilities.
Positional arguments are those arguments that are not named, and are not specified with a hyphen. Positional arguments should be used when an option is specified by its position alone. For example, the standard Unix grep tool takes a regular expression argument, and an optional filename to search through (which defaults to standard input if a filename is not specified). Using the CommandLine library, this would be specified as:
cl::opt<string> Regex (cl::Positional, cl::desc("<regular expression>"), cl::Required); cl::opt<string> Filename(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<input file>"), cl::init("-"));
Given these two option declarations, the -help output for our grep replacement would look like this:
USAGE: spiffygrep [options] <regular expression> <input file> OPTIONS: -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more)
... and the resultant program could be used just like the standard grep tool.
Positional arguments are sorted by their order of construction. This means that command line options will be ordered according to how they are listed in a .cpp file, but will not have an ordering defined if the positional arguments are defined in multiple .cpp files. The fix for this problem is simply to define all of your positional arguments in one .cpp file.
Sometimes you may want to specify a value to your positional argument that starts with a hyphen (for example, searching for '-foo' in a file). At first, you will have trouble doing this, because it will try to find an argument named '-foo', and will fail (and single quotes will not save you). Note that the system grep has the same problem:
$ spiffygrep '-foo' test.txt Unknown command line argument '-foo'. Try: spiffygrep -help' $ grep '-foo' test.txt grep: illegal option -- f grep: illegal option -- o grep: illegal option -- o Usage: grep -hblcnsviw pattern file . . .
The solution for this problem is the same for both your tool and the system version: use the '--' marker. When the user specifies '--' on the command line, it is telling the program that all options after the '--' should be treated as positional arguments, not options. Thus, we can use it like this:
$ spiffygrep -- -foo test.txt ...output...
Sometimes an option can affect or modify the meaning of another option. For example, consider gcc's -x LANG option. This tells gcc to ignore the suffix of subsequent positional arguments and force the file to be interpreted as if it contained source code in language LANG. In order to handle this properly, you need to know the absolute position of each argument, especially those in lists, so their interaction(s) can be applied correctly. This is also useful for options like -llibname which is actually a positional argument that starts with a dash.
So, generally, the problem is that you have two cl::list variables that interact in some way. To ensure the correct interaction, you can use the cl::list::getPosition(optnum) method. This method returns the absolute position (as found on the command line) of the optnum item in the cl::list.
The idiom for usage is like this:
static cl::list<std::string> Files(cl::Positional, cl::OneOrMore); static cl::list<std::string> Libraries("l", cl::ZeroOrMore); int main(int argc, char**argv) { // ... std::vector<std::string>::iterator fileIt = Files.begin(); std::vector<std::string>::iterator libIt = Libraries.begin(); unsigned libPos = 0, filePos = 0; while ( 1 ) { if ( libIt != Libraries.end() ) libPos = Libraries.getPosition( libIt - Libraries.begin() ); else libPos = 0; if ( fileIt != Files.end() ) filePos = Files.getPosition( fileIt - Files.begin() ); else filePos = 0; if ( filePos != 0 && (libPos == 0 || filePos < libPos) ) { // Source File Is next ++fileIt; } else if ( libPos != 0 && (filePos == 0 || libPos < filePos) ) { // Library is next ++libIt; } else break; // we're done with the list } }
Note that, for compatibility reasons, the cl::opt also supports an unsigned getPosition() option that will provide the absolute position of that option. You can apply the same approach as above with a cl::opt and a cl::list option as you can with two lists.
The cl::ConsumeAfter formatting option is used to construct programs that use "interpreter style" option processing. With this style of option processing, all arguments specified after the last positional argument are treated as special interpreter arguments that are not interpreted by the command line argument.
As a concrete example, lets say we are developing a replacement for the standard Unix Bourne shell (/bin/sh). To run /bin/sh, first you specify options to the shell itself (like -x which turns on trace output), then you specify the name of the script to run, then you specify arguments to the script. These arguments to the script are parsed by the Bourne shell command line option processor, but are not interpreted as options to the shell itself. Using the CommandLine library, we would specify this as:
cl::opt<string> Script(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<input script>"), cl::init("-")); cl::list<string> Argv(cl::ConsumeAfter, cl::desc("<program arguments>...")); cl::opt<bool> Trace("x", cl::desc("Enable trace output"));
which automatically provides the help output:
USAGE: spiffysh [options] <input script> <program arguments>... OPTIONS: -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) -x - Enable trace output
At runtime, if we run our new shell replacement as `spiffysh -x test.sh -a -x -y bar', the Trace variable will be set to true, the Script variable will be set to "test.sh", and the Argv list will contain ["-a", "-x", "-y", "bar"], because they were specified after the last positional argument (which is the script name).
There are several limitations to when cl::ConsumeAfter options can be specified. For example, only one cl::ConsumeAfter can be specified per program, there must be at least one positional argument specified, there must not be any cl::list positional arguments, and the cl::ConsumeAfter option should be a cl::list option.
By default, all command line options automatically hold the value that they parse from the command line. This is very convenient in the common case, especially when combined with the ability to define command line options in the files that use them. This is called the internal storage model.
Sometimes, however, it is nice to separate the command line option processing code from the storage of the value parsed. For example, lets say that we have a '-debug' option that we would like to use to enable debug information across the entire body of our program. In this case, the boolean value controlling the debug code should be globally accessible (in a header file, for example) yet the command line option processing code should not be exposed to all of these clients (requiring lots of .cpp files to #include CommandLine.h).
To do this, set up your .h file with your option, like this for example:
// DebugFlag.h - Get access to the '-debug' command line option // // DebugFlag - This boolean is set to true if the '-debug' command line option // is specified. This should probably not be referenced directly, instead, use // the DEBUG macro below. // extern bool DebugFlag; // DEBUG macro - This macro should be used by code to emit debug information. // In the '-debug' option is specified on the command line, and if this is a // debug build, then the code specified as the option to the macro will be // executed. Otherwise it will not be. #ifdef NDEBUG #define DEBUG(X) #else #define DEBUG(X) do { if (DebugFlag) { X; } } while (0) #endif
This allows clients to blissfully use the DEBUG() macro, or the DebugFlag explicitly if they want to. Now we just need to be able to set the DebugFlag boolean when the option is set. To do this, we pass an additional argument to our command line argument processor, and we specify where to fill in with the cl::location attribute:
bool DebugFlag; // the actual value static cl::opt<bool, true> // The parser Debug("debug", cl::desc("Enable debug output"), cl::Hidden, cl::location(DebugFlag));
In the above example, we specify "true" as the second argument to the cl::opt template, indicating that the template should not maintain a copy of the value itself. In addition to this, we specify the cl::location attribute, so that DebugFlag is automatically set.
This section describes the basic attributes that you can specify on options.
cl::opt<bool> Quiet("quiet");
Option modifiers are the flags and expressions that you pass into the constructors for cl::opt and cl::list. These modifiers give you the ability to tweak how options are parsed and how -help output is generated to fit your application well.
These options fall into five main categories:
It is not possible to specify two options from the same category (you'll get a runtime error) to a single option, except for options in the miscellaneous category. The CommandLine library specifies defaults for all of these settings that are the most useful in practice and the most common, which mean that you usually shouldn't have to worry about these.
The cl::NotHidden, cl::Hidden, and cl::ReallyHidden modifiers are used to control whether or not an option appears in the -help and -help-hidden output for the compiled program:
This group of options is used to control how many time an option is allowed (or required) to be specified on the command line of your program. Specifying a value for this setting allows the CommandLine library to do error checking for you.
The allowed values for this option group are:
If an option is not specified, then the value of the option is equal to the value specified by the cl::init attribute. If the cl::init attribute is not specified, the option value is initialized with the default constructor for the data type.
If an option is specified multiple times for an option of the cl::opt class, only the last value will be retained.
This group of options is used to control whether or not the option allows a value to be present. In the case of the CommandLine library, a value is either specified with an equal sign (e.g. '-index-depth=17') or as a trailing string (e.g. '-o a.out').
The allowed values for this option group are:
In general, the default values for this option group work just like you would want them to. As mentioned above, you can specify the cl::ValueDisallowed modifier to a boolean argument to restrict your command line parser. These options are mostly useful when extending the library.
The formatting option group is used to specify that the command line option has special abilities and is otherwise different from other command line arguments. As usual, you can only specify one of these arguments at most.
The CommandLine library does not restrict how you use the cl::Prefix or cl::Grouping modifiers, but it is possible to specify ambiguous argument settings. Thus, it is possible to have multiple letter options that are prefix or grouping options, and they will still work as designed.
To do this, the CommandLine library uses a greedy algorithm to parse the input option into (potentially multiple) prefix and grouping options. The strategy basically looks like this:
}
The miscellaneous option modifiers are the only flags where you can specify more than one flag from the set: they are not mutually exclusive. These flags specify boolean properties that modify the option.
So far, these are the only three miscellaneous option modifiers.
Some systems, such as certain variants of Microsoft Windows and some older Unices have a relatively low limit on command-line length. It is therefore customary to use the so-called 'response files' to circumvent this restriction. These files are mentioned on the command-line (using the "@file") syntax. The program reads these files and inserts the contents into argv, thereby working around the command-line length limits. Response files are enabled by an optional fourth argument to cl::ParseEnvironmentOptions and cl::ParseCommandLineOptions.
Despite all of the built-in flexibility, the CommandLine option library really only consists of one function (cl::ParseCommandLineOptions) and three main classes: cl::opt, cl::list, and cl::alias. This section describes these three classes in detail.
The cl::ParseCommandLineOptions function is designed to be called directly from main, and is used to fill in the values of all of the command line option variables once argc and argv are available.
The cl::ParseCommandLineOptions function requires two parameters (argc and argv), but may also take an optional third parameter which holds additional extra text to emit when the -help option is invoked, and a fourth boolean parameter that enables response files.
The cl::ParseEnvironmentOptions function has mostly the same effects as cl::ParseCommandLineOptions, except that it is designed to take values for options from an environment variable, for those cases in which reading the command line is not convenient or desired. It fills in the values of all the command line option variables just like cl::ParseCommandLineOptions does.
It takes four parameters: the name of the program (since argv may not be available, it can't just look in argv[0]), the name of the environment variable to examine, the optional additional extra text to emit when the -help option is invoked, and the boolean switch that controls whether response files should be read.
cl::ParseEnvironmentOptions will break the environment variable's value up into words and then process them using cl::ParseCommandLineOptions. Note: Currently cl::ParseEnvironmentOptions does not support quoting, so an environment variable containing -option "foo bar" will be parsed as three words, -option, "foo, and bar", which is different from what you would get from the shell with the same input.
The cl::SetVersionPrinter function is designed to be called directly from main and before cl::ParseCommandLineOptions. Its use is optional. It simply arranges for a function to be called in response to the --version option instead of having the CommandLine library print out the usual version string for LLVM. This is useful for programs that are not part of LLVM but wish to use the CommandLine facilities. Such programs should just define a small function that takes no arguments and returns void and that prints out whatever version information is appropriate for the program. Pass the address of that function to cl::SetVersionPrinter to arrange for it to be called when the --version option is given by the user.
The cl::opt class is the class used to represent scalar command line options, and is the one used most of the time. It is a templated class which can take up to three arguments (all except for the first have default values though):
namespace cl { template <class DataType, bool ExternalStorage = false, class ParserClass = parser<DataType> > class opt; }
The first template argument specifies what underlying data type the command line argument is, and is used to select a default parser implementation. The second template argument is used to specify whether the option should contain the storage for the option (the default) or whether external storage should be used to contain the value parsed for the option (see Internal vs External Storage for more information).
The third template argument specifies which parser to use. The default value selects an instantiation of the parser class based on the underlying data type of the option. In general, this default works well for most applications, so this option is only used when using a custom parser.
The cl::list class is the class used to represent a list of command line options. It too is a templated class which can take up to three arguments:
namespace cl { template <class DataType, class Storage = bool, class ParserClass = parser<DataType> > class list; }
This class works the exact same as the cl::opt class, except that the second argument is the type of the external storage, not a boolean value. For this class, the marker type 'bool' is used to indicate that internal storage should be used.
The cl::bits class is the class used to represent a list of command line options in the form of a bit vector. It is also a templated class which can take up to three arguments:
namespace cl { template <class DataType, class Storage = bool, class ParserClass = parser<DataType> > class bits; }
This class works the exact same as the cl::lists class, except that the second argument must be of type unsigned if external storage is used.
The cl::alias class is a nontemplated class that is used to form aliases for other arguments.
namespace cl { class alias; }
The cl::aliasopt attribute should be used to specify which option this is an alias for. Alias arguments default to being Hidden, and use the aliased options parser to do the conversion from string to data.
The cl::extrahelp class is a nontemplated class that allows extra help text to be printed out for the -help option.
namespace cl { struct extrahelp; }
To use the extrahelp, simply construct one with a const char* parameter to the constructor. The text passed to the constructor will be printed at the bottom of the help message, verbatim. Note that multiple cl::extrahelp can be used, but this practice is discouraged. If your tool needs to print additional help information, put all that help into a single cl::extrahelp instance.
For example:
cl::extrahelp("\nADDITIONAL HELP:\n\n This is the extra help\n");
Parsers control how the string value taken from the command line is translated into a typed value, suitable for use in a C++ program. By default, the CommandLine library uses an instance of parser<type> if the command line option specifies that it uses values of type 'type'. Because of this, custom option processing is specified with specializations of the 'parser' class.
The CommandLine library provides the following builtin parser specializations, which are sufficient for most applications. It can, however, also be extended to work with new data types and new ways of interpreting the same data. See the Writing a Custom Parser for more details on this type of library extension.
Although the CommandLine library has a lot of functionality built into it already (as discussed previously), one of its true strengths lie in its extensibility. This section discusses how the CommandLine library works under the covers and illustrates how to do some simple, common, extensions.
One of the simplest and most common extensions is the use of a custom parser. As discussed previously, parsers are the portion of the CommandLine library that turns string input from the user into a particular parsed data type, validating the input in the process.
There are two ways to use a new parser:
Specialize the cl::parser template for your custom data type.
This approach has the advantage that users of your custom data type will automatically use your custom parser whenever they define an option with a value type of your data type. The disadvantage of this approach is that it doesn't work if your fundamental data type is something that is already supported.
Write an independent class, using it explicitly from options that need it.
This approach works well in situations where you would line to parse an option using special syntax for a not-very-special data-type. The drawback of this approach is that users of your parser have to be aware that they are using your parser instead of the builtin ones.
To guide the discussion, we will discuss a custom parser that accepts file sizes, specified with an optional unit after the numeric size. For example, we would like to parse "102kb", "41M", "1G" into the appropriate integer value. In this case, the underlying data type we want to parse into is 'unsigned'. We choose approach #2 above because we don't want to make this the default for all unsigned options.
To start out, we declare our new FileSizeParser class:
struct FileSizeParser : public cl::basic_parser<unsigned> { // parse - Return true on error. bool parse(cl::Option &O, const char *ArgName, const std::string &ArgValue, unsigned &Val); };
Our new class inherits from the cl::basic_parser template class to fill in the default, boiler plate code for us. We give it the data type that we parse into, the last argument to the parse method, so that clients of our custom parser know what object type to pass in to the parse method. (Here we declare that we parse into 'unsigned' variables.)
For most purposes, the only method that must be implemented in a custom parser is the parse method. The parse method is called whenever the option is invoked, passing in the option itself, the option name, the string to parse, and a reference to a return value. If the string to parse is not well-formed, the parser should output an error message and return true. Otherwise it should return false and set 'Val' to the parsed value. In our example, we implement parse as:
bool FileSizeParser::parse(cl::Option &O, const char *ArgName, const std::string &Arg, unsigned &Val) { const char *ArgStart = Arg.c_str(); char *End; // Parse integer part, leaving 'End' pointing to the first non-integer char Val = (unsigned)strtol(ArgStart, &End, 0); while (1) { switch (*End++) { case 0: return false; // No error case 'i': // Ignore the 'i' in KiB if people use that case 'b': case 'B': // Ignore B suffix break; case 'g': case 'G': Val *= 1024*1024*1024; break; case 'm': case 'M': Val *= 1024*1024; break; case 'k': case 'K': Val *= 1024; break; default: // Print an error message if unrecognized character! return O.error("'" + Arg + "' value invalid for file size argument!"); } } }
This function implements a very simple parser for the kinds of strings we are interested in. Although it has some holes (it allows "123KKK" for example), it is good enough for this example. Note that we use the option itself to print out the error message (the error method always returns true) in order to get a nice error message (shown below). Now that we have our parser class, we can use it like this:
static cl::opt<unsigned, false, FileSizeParser> MFS("max-file-size", cl::desc("Maximum file size to accept"), cl::value_desc("size"));
Which adds this to the output of our program:
OPTIONS: -help - display available options (-help-hidden for more) ... -max-file-size=<size> - Maximum file size to accept
And we can test that our parse works correctly now (the test program just prints out the max-file-size argument value):
$ ./test MFS: 0 $ ./test -max-file-size=123MB MFS: 128974848 $ ./test -max-file-size=3G MFS:<PHONE_NUMBER> $ ./test -max-file-size=dog -max-file-size option: 'dog' value invalid for file size argument!
It looks like it works. The error message that we get is nice and helpful, and we seem to accept reasonable file sizes. This wraps up the "custom parser" tutorial.
Several of the LLVM libraries define static cl::opt instances that will automatically be included in any program that links with that library. This is a feature. However, sometimes it is necessary to know the value of the command line option outside of the library. In these cases the library does or should provide an external storage location that is accessible to users of the library. Examples of this include the llvm::DebugFlag exported by the lib/Support/Debug.cpp file and the llvm::TimePassesIsEnabled flag exported by the lib/VMCore/Pass.cpp file.
TODO: complete this section
TODO: fill in this section


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--- title: Sponsors layout: general ---
Please contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for more information.
Wells Fargo has become one of the nation’s largest financial institutions, serving one in three U.S. households and employing one in 500 working Americans. They have team members in more than 35 countries outside the U.S., serving 70 million customers in more than 130 countries around the world. In a cover story early in 2012, Forbes noted that Well's Fargo is “The Bank That Works.” The magazine also ranks them among the top 10 companies in the world based on a composite of sales, assets, profits and market value. Currently, they are now in the top 10 among all U.S. companies in profits and in the top 15 in U.S. market value.
Well's Fargo has donated $1,000 to DUBotics through the Well's Fargo Fund, and this has been translated into parts for the electronics team.
Founded in 2001, ServoCity is a online storefront that provides a large selection of mechanical components for use in robotics, R/C applications, animatronics, videography, photography, industrial projects, and a wide array of other fields. We provide high quality products paired with fast and friendly service to our customers around the globe.
ServoCity's contribution to DUBotics has been an assortment of parts. (exact number will be updated later).
Intralox, the largest division of Laitram and headquartered in New Orleans, LA, is a maker of conveyor belts, and the inventor of modular plastic belts. Intralox is specialized in high quality, innovative, Modular Plastic conveyer belts and their products have been used in general food processing, meat, poultry, seafood, beverage handling, can manufacturing, baking, case/box handling, and packaging industries worldwide, serving over 60,000 customers worldwide.
Their contribution to the DUBotics team has been in the form of over $4,000 worth of belts and gearing to be used as tank treads for the 2013-2014 URC rover design.
The University of Washington Department of Mechanical Engineering is a premier department educating high quality engineers to serve the diverse needs of our changing society. These include the environment, health care, information technology and manufacturing. There are four key elements to our success. First, the department has a well-funded, high quality research environment that is internationally regarded in key areas, attracting superior faculty and students. Second, the faculty is committed to excellence in teaching and continuous improvement to our curricula. Third, the department has strong, dynamic alliances with industry, alumni, other departments and the community.
The Department of Mechanical Engineering has both provided us with funding and mentorship to help us compete in our annual URC competition.
The mission of the Electrical Engineering Department at the University of Washington is to nurture and develop tomorrow's engineering leaders in an environment of excellence in discovery with visionary researchers, by
The Department of Electrical; Engineering has both provided us with funding and mentorship to help us compete in our annual URC competition.
Ubiquiti Networks (NASDAQ: UBNT) is closing the digital divide by building network communication platforms for everyone and everywhere. With over 10 million devices deployed in over 180 countries, Ubiquiti is transforming under-networked businesses and communities. Our leading edge platforms, airMAX™, UniFi™, airFiber™, airVision™, mFi™ and EdgeMAX™ combine innovative technology, disruptive price performance and the support of a global user community to eliminate barriers to connectivity.
Ubiquiti is providing assistance and support to help us with our communications systems between our base station and the robot, which can roam over a mile away.


| Version
| postfwd1
| postfwd2
|
|
|
- Single process (Multiplexer)
- Default port: tcp/10040
- Small memory footprint
|
- Multiple processes (Preforker)
- Default port: tcp/10045
- Scales with multiple cpus/cores
- Builtin watchdog function
- Debug classes
|
|
|
- Fits for most setups
- Any single core system
- Rate-limit-only rulesets
|
- High throughput setups with lots of requests per second and
- rulesets that use a lot of dnsbl lookups
- really huge rulesets containing tons of checks
|
|
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|
|


- FileManager - Class in fotoshop
-
- FileManager() - Constructor for class fotoshop.FileManager
-
- FileMenu - Class in fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
File menu JMenu.
- FileMenu(JFrame) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FileMenu
-
- FileWindow - Class in fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
The JFileChooser for choosing a file to open, or to save to.
- FileWindow(JFrame) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FileWindow
-
Instantiate FileWindow JFileChooser with the main GUI JFrame, the current
directory, and a FileFilter which should ensure image suffixes.
- Filter - Class in fotoshop.Filter
-
Derived from suggestions made in the book, "Objects First with
Java" by David Barnes and Michael Kolling.
- Filter() - Constructor for class fotoshop.Filter.Filter
-
- FilterMenu - Class in fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
The JMenu for the filters available in the application
- FilterMenu(JFrame) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FilterMenu
-
Initialise the JMenu, set the menu text
- FilterPanel_Brightness - Class in fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
Menu Panel for adjusting the brightness of an image.
- FilterPanel_Brightness(String) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FilterPanel_Brightness
-
- FilterPanel_Rotate - Class in fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
Menu Panel for rotating an image.
- FilterPanel_Rotate(String) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FilterPanel_Rotate
-
- FilterSequencePanel - Class in fotoshop.GUI.SequencePanel
-
JPanel for creating sequences of filters.
- FilterSequencePanel(JFrame) - Constructor for class fotoshop.GUI.SequencePanel.FilterSequencePanel
-
Initialise this panel with a scroll pane for sequence buttons, and a button
for creating a new sequence
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in interface fotoshop.Events.ControllerEventSender
-
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.CachePanel
-
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FileMenu
-
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar.FilterMenu
-
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.SequencePanel.FilterSequencePanel
-
- fireEvent(String, PropertyMessage) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.UndoPanel
-
- focusButton(String) - Method in class fotoshop.GUI.CachePanel
-
Focus on a particular cache button in the panel.
- fotoshop - package fotoshop
-
fotoshop package contains the primary image editor and various command
processing methods.
- fotoshop.Events - package fotoshop.Events
-
The Events package contains classes related to the applications controller.
- fotoshop.Filter - package fotoshop.Filter
-
Package containing the Filters that may be applied to the images being edited
by the application.
- fotoshop.GUI - package fotoshop.GUI
-
Package containing the graphical user interface components of the application.
- fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar - package fotoshop.GUI.MenuBar
-
Package containing the components for the GUI Jframes JMenuBar, and the
specific Dialog window JPanels for each filter that may be applied.
- fotoshop.GUI.SequencePanel - package fotoshop.GUI.SequencePanel
-
Package containing the components for the sequence panel: A panel allowing
one of a number of sequences of filters to be applied to the image, and the
creation of new sequences.
- fotoshop.resources - package fotoshop.resources
-


Phoenix: Getting Started
VM setup
I’m using a Ubuntu 64-bit VM with VMware.
Download the AMD64
debian packages from https://exploit.education/downloads/ and install it with:
# dpkg -i exploit-education-phoenix_1.0.0-_amd64.deb
Once the package is installed, the binaries are in /opt/phoenix/<arch>
.
GDB setup
Install the gef
plugin from https://github.com/hugsy/gef (you need a GDB >= 7.7 with Python 2 or 3 bindings):
$ wget -O ~/.gdbinit-gef.py -q https://github.com/hugsy/gef/raw/master/gef.py
$ echo source ~/.gdbinit-gef.py >> ~/.gdbinit
On first-time install, it should spew:
GEF for linux ready, type `gef' to start, `gef config' to configure
68 commands loaded for GDB <IP_ADDRESS>80409-git using Python engine 3.6
[*] 5 commands could not be loaded, run `gef missing` to know why.
Reading symbols from stack-zero...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
gef➤ gef missing
[*] Command `set-permission` is missing, reason → Missing `keystone-engine` package for Python3, install with: `pip3 install keystone-engine`.
[*] Command `unicorn-emulate` is missing, reason → Missing `unicorn` package for Python3. Install with `pip3 install unicorn`.
[*] Command `capstone-disassemble` is missing, reason → Missing `capstone` package for Python3. Install with `pip3 install capstone`.
[*] Command `ropper` is missing, reason → Missing `ropper` package for Python3, install with: `pip3 install ropper`.
[*] Command `assemble` is missing, reason → Missing `keystone-engine` package for Python3, install with: `pip3 install keystone-engine`.
ropper, keystone, unicorn and capstone are all optional dependencies, which can be installed with:
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install python3-pip cmake
$ pip3 install --user ropper keystone-engine unicorn capstone
/!\ your VM needs at least 4Go of memory to be able to compile stuff for keystone.


Bad-Wiki
Nonsense definitions for the terms you provide
Define
The languange model was fine tuned by
Doron Adler


This effect reproduces an animation
Create a plays animation effect:
In the first place we find a button to select the animation. Once you click "Select" a dialog to browes folders with a preview of selected animations appears. Once the file is selected, the button "View" will be activated, where you can also preview the animation. In this case is shown in a separate window.
If you want to delete the selected animation, you can choose another, or press the red X to the left.
The combo box below allows the selection of a scene. This scene is used in the preview panel in the center, where the place where the animation will appear can be selected. You can select the point either by clicking the preview scene or changing the coordinates.
Note that the choice of a scene while editing this effect is merely illustrative and does not mean that the effect will take place necessarily in that scene. The effect will be implemented when carrying out the action that triggers it, and will run in the scene where the character is at that time.


The Matrix -------------------------- Review by Alex Ioshpe
Written and Directed by: Andy Wachowski (as The Wachowski Brothers) Larry Wachowski (as The Wachowski Brothers)
Cast Keanu Reeves .... Thomas Anderson / Neo Laurence Fishburne .... Morpheus Carrie-Anne Moss .... Trinity Hugo Weaving .... Agent Smith Gloria Foster .... Oracle Joe Pantoliano .... Cypher / Mr.Reagan
9,5 / 10 - alternative rating: A -
After their magnifficent debut with "Bound", the Wachowski-brothers have returned to the screens with one of the most interesting, mind-bending, original and captivating science fiction films of the past decade. So far the best film of 1999, "The Matrix" intellectually toys with dream and reality, fantasy and nightmare, destiny and fate with such energy that it will blow your away.
Thomas Anderson (Keanu Reeves) is a respected citizen of our comunity. He works for a "..respectible software company, pays our taxes and helps the landlady to carry out her carbage..". But this is only one of his lives. In his second life he is Neo a hacker that during night is breaking the law, desperatly trying to find an answer to the question he can't find words for. He is then contacted by a mysterious stranger that calles himself Morpheous (Laurence Fishburne) who tells him about the Matrix - "..the world pulled over our eyes to blind us from the truth..". Neo is then offered a choice between ignorance - waking up in his bed in the morning and continue to live his normal life..or he can step into the real world, from which there is no turning back. Neo choses that truth and the real world he discovers is horrifieng and alien, controlled bu super-intelligent machines that use us a bio-power sourse vital for their survivial. It is no longer 1999 it's closer to 2199. The frightening truth is that somewhere in the real past and our future mankind celebrated the discovery of A.I. (Artificial Intelligence). The machines that could think for themselves was going to make our lives easier. But at the same time we were getting more and more dependant on the machines - the machines evolved, prospered and formed their bizzarre society. There was a war, it is uncertain who began, but we were losing. Our last attempt to save ourselves was to reflect the sunlight from the earth. We belived that since the machines were dependant on solar power, they would not survive and the mankind could be safe deep under ground, near the center of our planet where it's still warm. But the machines outsmarted us again, a human body can produce more bio-power than a 120 V - battery. So we are no longer born, we are grown like corn in the field. To keep us i total control the machines have created a dream world for us, as it was in 1990-s, by sending certain electrical signals to our brain. Matrix can be compared to a very big and complex computer game and we are the unknowing players, born with a VR-mask on our face. Ironicly the humans and the machines have changed places. We think that we live out our lives, when we actually lieng helplessly inside an incubator as batteries for the machines. Morpheous belives that Neo is the long expected Messias that can save the world.
Although the film is a bit confusing at the beginning, the Wachowski brothers revealing the big secrets pieace by piece, never leave you completely lost in space. The script, although energic and full of action, humour, betrayel and even romance is very gently and intelligently structed, which is rare for science fiction films nowadays.
The casting is flawless;Keanu Reeves is again back on top after severel flops and failures and is as effective as he could be in the part of Neo.Laurence Fishburne is convincing as always as the mystifying Morpheous. Another vital carector that is very important to the story is Cypher, wonderfully played by Joe Pantoliano . He is the human element in the film, willing to do anything for getting back his ignorance and return to Matrix. Cypher rases many moral questions, such as "what is better living in total ignorance and happiness as a slave or living freedome in misury and horror?" Joe Pantoliano delivers in my oppinion the strongest performance in the film, bringing in the comic as well as moral issues into the picture. Carrie-Anne Moss is clever and voulnerble as Trinity and Hugo Weaving is sinister, intelligent and calm as the leader-agent.
Behind the brilliant special effects, wonderful cinematography and solid acting the Wachowski brothers display many important issues for us to think about. "The Matrix" shows us the real world as a result of our many discoverys, so the real villains the films are not the machines, but their creators - us. When the machines tried to classify the human species they classified us not as mammals, but as a virus, the cancer of this planet and they are - the cure.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Alirëza WJ Arabi
If You Have Managed to Chase Me Up to Here, Certainly Now You Know How to Get in Touch with Me!


Bible study application with Greek and Hebrew.
Developed by Digital Bible Society with major contributions from John Dyer and Michael Johnson. Audio provided by Faith Comes by Hearing and video by Jesus Film Project.
Source code: Download from Github


TITANIC (director: James Cameron; cast: Leonardo DiCaprio (Jack Dawson), Kate Winslet (Rose DeWitt Bukater), Gloria Stuart (Rose Dawson Calvert), Billy Zane (Cal Hockley), Kathy Bates (Molly Brown), Frances Fisher (Ruth DeWitt Bukater), Bernard Hill (Capt. E.J. Smith), Victor Garber (Thomas Andrews), Bill Paxton (Brock Lovett), David Warner (law officer), 1997)
An unconscionable clinker for those who are more impressed with intellect in films than with special effects, for a film costing 200 million dollars to make, while doing a dutiful job in recreating the grandeur of the ship and its ritzy atmosphere, but failing in everything else, except in the gall to think it has created a masterpiece. If there is anyone out there who stills believes there is such a thing as an unsinkable ship, you'll believe Leonardo DiCaprio's innocuous portrayal of an artist on board the ill-fated ship and that the soap opera story told is tantamount to a work of art. This epic disaster film of the Titanic's sinking upon hitting an iceberg on April 15, 1912, is all gloss, high-class trash, something that is so opulently Hollywood, so much so that it deserved to win an Oscar and set box office records for the audacity to perceive itself as the official version of what happened to the Titanic, while even in its quest for accuracy, it still does not play up the fact that a near-by ship refused to come in time to save those who were in the water freezing to death, thereby causing the unnecessary deaths of hundreds of the 1500 hundred that were found to be dead out of the two thousand and two hundred passengers on board.
This three hour and eleven minute disaster film opens with a team of deep sea explorers, led by Brock Lovett (Bill Paxton), looking for the Titanic's treasures and the valuable jewels it had on board.  But to their surprise, they receive a call from the lady who posed for that picture, who is now a 101 years-old. And the film begins its flashback of what happened to the Titanic, narrated through the eyes of Rose (Gloria), who in real-life, is an 87-year-old former actress who appeared in the Gold Diggers of 1935.
Immediately we see this is going to be a class war struggle piece, with the haughty rich boarding on first class passage and the lower-class in steerage, and they are shown to be living their lives in starkly different worlds. The first one we see to board from first class, is the gorgeous and well- plumed Rose (Kate), with her snooty mother (Francis), and the man she is soon to be married to, the wealthy scion to his families business, Cal, but the catch is that she can't stand him, as he is played hideously and one-dimensionally by Zane. By way of steerage comes our boy Jack Dawson (Leonard), who wins his ticket in a card game. All the lower-class people are the salts of the earth, while all the upper-class people are snobs. There is one exception, "The Unsinkable Molly Brown," who represented the class of "new money," she is played without creating any further interest in her character, by Kathy Bates, who seems to be going through the motions of what the character is like. I think any actress on board that ship could have played that part. It is hard to believe how trite and contrived this story was, and how everyone in this film had no depth of character. Everyone was a wooden stereotype of what their class status was supposed to be like. What gave this film watch ability, was the way the ship was recreated down to its last details, giving one the romantic feeling that one was on the real voyage. At least, the money spent for visual effects went to some good usage.
The love story begins when Jack stops Rose from jumping overboard, as she is apparently confused about her situation and contemplates suicide. The remainder of the film is about these star-crossed lovers, trying to get together but being opposed by her mother and her future husband, who acts in a pompous manner, becoming the ready made villain of this story, never changing his intonations for one moment.
The other part of the film focuses on the ship's management telling the captain to speed things up, and the intrepid captain against his better judgment is obliging to that wish, supposedly for the publicity the ship would get if it docked in New York ahead of schedule. What was ultimately unforeseen, was that the weather created conditions that made it impossible to detect icebergs, which the ship rammed into at full speed.
The photography was great. The costumes were terrific. The sound system was as good as it gets. Everything about the special effects was first-class. If you judge a film by those standards, then you will be more than pleased with this film. If you are looking for a cruise into deeper water, then I'm afraid you boarded the wrong film, this one will only leak all over you. I waited a long time to see this film, choosing to watch it on TV and not on a big screen theater; I have no regrets why I waited so long. By the way, I saw A NIGHT TO REMEMBER (1958), and thought that version of the Titanic to be just grand, not cluttered with a trivial story, just sticking to the suspense of the historical event, which was fine and dandy by my non technical cerebral standards.
REVIEWED ON 4/11/99 GRADE: C
Dennis Schwartz: "Movie Reviews" http://www.sover.net/~ozus
=A9 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The DIP-switches should be set for 9600 bps line speed, 24-hour day-of-year format and UTC time zone. Automatic correction for DST should be disabled. It is very important that the year be set correctly in the DIP-switches; otherwise, the day of year will be incorrect after 28 April of a normal or leap year. The propagation delay DIP-switches should be set according to the distance from the transmitter for both WWV and WWVH, as described in the instructions. While the delay can be set only to within 11 ms, the fudge time1 parameter can be used for vernier corrections.
Using the poll sequence QTQDQM, the response timecode is in three sections totalling 50 ASCII printing characters, as concatenated by the driver, in the following format:
ahh:mm:ss.fffs<cr> yy/dd/mm/ddd<cr> frdzycchhSSFTttttuuxx<cr> on-time = first <cr> hh:mm:ss.fff = hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds a = AM/PM indicator (' ' for 24-hour mode) yy = year (from DIPswitches) dd/mm/ddd = day of month, month, day of year s = daylight-saving indicator (' ' for 24-hour mode) f = frequency enable (O = all frequencies enabled) r = baud rate (3 = 1200, 6 = 9600) d = features indicator (@ = month/day display enabled) z = time zone (0 = UTC) y = year (5 = 91) cc = WWV propagation delay (52 = 22 ms) hh = WWVH propagation delay (81 = 33 ms) SS = status (80 or 82 = operating correctly) F = current receive frequency (4 = 15 MHz) T = transmitter (C = WWV, H = WWVH) tttt = time since last update (0000 = minutes) uu = flush character (03 = ^c) xx = 94 (unknown)The alarm condition is indicated by other than 8 at a, which occurs during initial synchronization and when received signal is lost for an extended period; unlock condition is indicated by other than 0000 in the tttt subfield.


[X] Why would you use class component over function components (removing hooks from the question)?
Because some companies still use class components and don’t want to switch their millions of dollars’ worth of code over to all functional hooks, and also there’s currently a lot more troubleshooting content out there for classes that isn’t out there for hooks. Also, functional components are better when you don’t need state, presentational components
[X] Name three lifecycle methods and their purposes.
componentDidMount = do the stuff inside this ‘function’ after the component mounted componentDidUpdate = do the stuff inside this function after the component updated componentWillUnmount = clean-up in death/unmounting phase
[X] What is the purpose of a custom hook?
allow you to apply non-visual behavior and stateful logic throughout your components by reusing the same hook over and over again
[X] Why is it important to test our apps?
Gets bugs fixed faster, reduces regression risk, makes you consider/work out the edge cases, acts as documentation, acts as safety net when refactoring, makes code more trustworthy


locals, the
`Prev `__
L
`Next `__
--------------
**locals, the**: pl.n.
The users on one's local network (as opposed, say, to people one reaches
via public Internet connections). The marked thing about this usage is
how little it has to do with real-space distance. “I have to do some
tweaking on this mail utility before releasing it to the locals.”
--------------
+-----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../L.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| lobotomy | `Home <../index.html>`__ | locked and loaded |
+-----------------------------+----------------------------+--------------------------------------+


{%- endmacro %}
{% if state == "error" %}
{{card('danger', 'Error', 'Your job could not be submitted.')}}
{% elif state == "submitted" %}
{% set below -%}
{%- endset %}
{{card('', 'Submitted', 'Your job has been submitted and is being processed.')}}
{% elif state == "success" %}
{{card('success', 'Success', 'Your job has been completed. View the report')}}
{% endif %}


<juicy-tile-list>
Masonry-like Polymer Element for sortable tiles that packs efficiently without changing HTML structure (changes CSS only).
<juicy-tile-list> can adapt to screen/container width.
Try
API
juicytilelist.resizeItem
(, , )juicytilelist.reprioritizeItem
(, , )


|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Object org.apache.spark.mllib.clustering.EMLDAOptimizer
public final class EMLDAOptimizer
:: DeveloperApi ::
Optimizer for EM algorithm which stores data + parameter graph, plus algorithm parameters.
Currently, the underlying implementation uses Expectation-Maximization (EM), implemented according to the Asuncion et al. (2009) paper referenced below.
References: - Original LDA paper (journal version): Blei, Ng, and Jordan. "Latent Dirichlet Allocation." JMLR, 2003. - This class implements their "smoothed" LDA model. - Paper which clearly explains several algorithms, including EM: Asuncion, Welling, Smyth, and Teh. "On Smoothing and Inference for Topic Models." UAI, 2009.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
EMLDAOptimizer()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
int |
checkpointInterval()
|
double |
docConcentration()
|
breeze.linalg.DenseVector<Object> |
globalTopicTotals()
Aggregate distributions over topics from all term vertices. |
Graph<breeze.linalg.DenseVector<Object>,Object> |
graph()
The following fields will only be initialized through the initialize() method |
int |
k()
|
double |
topicConcentration()
|
int |
vocabSize()
|
| Methods inherited from class Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public EMLDAOptimizer()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public Graph<breeze.linalg.DenseVector<Object>,Object> graph()
public int k()
public int vocabSize()
public double docConcentration()
public double topicConcentration()
public int checkpointInterval()
public breeze.linalg.DenseVector<Object> globalTopicTotals()
Note: This executes an action on the graph RDDs.
|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Political deadlock in Israel: Benjamin Netanyahu running out of options
Pressure has been mounting on Israel's longest-serving PM after he was indicted on a series of charges including bribery.
Faced by a political deadlock and indictment on corruption charges, Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu seems to be running out of options.
Netanyahu who has refused to step down has agreed to elections for the leadership of his Likud party.
Israeli media reported the Likud primary would be held in six weeks. A party spokesman was not reachable to confirm the timeline.
Netanyahu is the current chair of his party.
Pressure has been mounting on Israel's longest-serving PM after he was indicted on a series of charges including bribery.
While Netanyahu has vowed to fight against the charges, some in his party feel that he has been denting the image of Likud.
Netanyahu's position in the party will likely be challenged.
Israel's Supreme Court dismissed a petition by a watchdog group to force Netanyahu to step aside.
But a more pressing issue is the government formation or else Israel will head to its third general election in less than a year.
Netanyahu's rival Benny Gantz has proposed the formation of a unity govt in which Gantz will serve as the Prime Minister for 2 years & Netanyahu will become the Prime Minister for the remaining 2 years of the government. This of course, if Netanyahu is not forced to take a leave of absence.
Gantz's offer will end in 17 days after which a third election is inevitable. However, Netanyahu has so far shown little interest in the former army chief's offer.


- generate() - Method in class dashboard.generator.AddressGenerator
-
Updates all the StringUpdatables associated with the AddressGenerator.
- generate() - Method in class dashboard.generator.BufferGenerator
-
Updates all the StringUpdatables associated with the BufferGenerator with the next line
in the transmission.
- generate() - Method in class dashboard.generator.ColorGenerator
-
Updates all the ColorUpdatables associated with the ColorGenerator.
- generate() - Method in class dashboard.generator.DatumGenerator
-
Updates all the Readouts associated with the DatumGenerator.
- generate() - Method in class dashboard.generator.Generator
-
Updates each Readout once with data of a certain form, dependent on the specific subclass.
- Generator - Class in dashboard.generator
-
Provides the base functionality for a data generator that creates data and transmits it
at regular intervals to a
Readout
.
- Generator() - Constructor for class dashboard.generator.Generator
-
Creates a Generator with the default timing interval.
- Generator(int) - Constructor for class dashboard.generator.Generator
-
Creates a Generator with the timing interval specified by the user.
- getAcceleration() - Method in class dashboard.generator.DatumGenerator
-
Returns the current acceleration of the ship.
- getBaseColor() - Method in class dashboard.control.Button
-
Returns the Button's color.
- getButton(int, int) - Method in class dashboard.control.ButtonGrid
-
Returns the button at the specified row and column.
- getButton(int, int) - Method in class dashboard.control.CustomButtonGrid
-
Returns the button at the specified row and column.
- getInstr() - Method in class dashboard.control.Button
-
Returns the Button's label.
- getLevel() - Method in class dashboard.readout.LevelReadout
-
- getLevel() - Method in interface dashboard.readout.LevelUpdatable
-
Returns the level at which the class is set.
- getName() - Method in class dashboard.control.Control
-
Gets the name of the
Control
that will be displayed
in subsequent call hierarchies.
- getNumDivisions() - Method in class dashboard.readout.LevelReadout
-
- getNumDivisions() - Method in interface dashboard.readout.LevelUpdatable
-
Returns the number of divisions, i.e.
- getTotalWidgetHeight() - Method in class dashboard.program.DashboardProgram
-
Returns the height of the bounding box surrounding all widgets on screen.
- getTotalWidgetWidth() - Method in class dashboard.program.DashboardProgram
-
Returns the width of the bounding box surrounding all widgets on screen.
- getValue() - Method in class dashboard.readout.LevelReadout
-
- getValue() - Method in interface dashboard.readout.NumberUpdatable
-
Returns the value displayed by the class.
- getVelocity() - Method in class dashboard.generator.DatumGenerator
-
Returns the current velocity of the ship.
- getWidget(String) - Method in class dashboard.control.CustomGroup
-
Returns the widget bound to the specified key.
- getWidget(String) - Method in class dashboard.program.DashboardProgram
-
Returns the widget associated with the specified key.
- getWidgetLeftX() - Method in class dashboard.program.DashboardProgram
-
Returns the left x-coordinate of the bounding box surrounding all widgets on screen.
- getWidgetTopY() - Method in class dashboard.program.DashboardProgram
-
Returns the top y-coordinate of the bounding box surrounding all widgets on screen.
- GPointMath - Class in dashboard.util
-
Provides methods to execute vector operations on GPoints, which are treated as
vectors with their tails at the origin.
- GPointMath() - Constructor for class dashboard.util.GPointMath
-
- Group - Class in dashboard.control
-
Provides the base functionality for a container widget that can hold other widgets.
- Group.Builder<T extends Group.Builder> - Class in dashboard.control
-
Builder for the Group class, to be extended by all subclasses of Group.


Simple Timers
New Timer
New Alarm
Clear All
Settings
Timers
New Timer
New Alarm
Voice
Say a command like
"Set a 15 minute timer."
Photo by
on
Unsplash
Change Background
Left:
00:00:00
X
New Timer
Enter the time from now
Set at least one hour, minute, or second
Hours
Invalid
Minutes
Invalid
Seconds
Invalid
Name
Invalid
Minutes Before
Invalid
New Alarm
Pick a Time
Pick a later time
Time
Invalid
Time
:
00
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AM
Name
Invalid
Minutes Before
Invalid
Settings
Choose a custom sound for the buzzer
Choose file
Reset
Invalid
Defaults to the sound of an air horn.
Record custom buzzer
Invalid
Record a custom buzzer sound. Up to 3 seconds.
Please grant permission to access your microphone.
Please grant permission to access your microphone.
Enable sounds
Use background images
Rotate background daily


Apex Builders and Engineers
Chengannur
This is a construction company website
Designing
3D Modeling
Construction
Supervision
M.tech Structural Engineer
Architect
This is a link to GitHub!


HeadOption and lastOption are redundant on the instance of Option.
Before:
option.lastOption seq.find(p).headOption
After:
option seq.find(p)


An Basketball Enthusiast. Interested in Full Stack Web Development, a technology freak, a travelling lover.Inspiration Elon Musk, Sundar Pichai,Bill Gates,Mark Zukerberg. Also interested in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Wish to work as a Software Developer in Google,Apple or in other tech giants. Consider Mr.Tanay Pratap as mine's mentor. Thus end your procastination buddy and always remain POSITIVE no matter what the situation is!!!!
A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul,
like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart.
A Website should have a unique and attractive design according to its purpose.Thus a design of the website is the base foundation of a client's site.
After design gets finalised, coding/development of the client's site begins. Development is divided into two FRONT END & BACK END.Thus these two parts together forms a professional website.
After completion of the development optimisation of website is done to check that whether the site is working correctly or not and if there is any problem it is resolved.
Worked with the Technical Team of the company and successfully designed the Professional Company's website in 1 month.
SEPT 2019 - OCT 2019
Self worked and successfully completed Constra company's professional website in within 1 month. Thus got to learn many new things and thus very much satisfied with my work.
MAR 2016 - APRIL 2017
Thus I completed my SSC Examination from CBSE Board in the year 2017 from the institute stated above. Thus i completed my SSC from Jamshedpur,Jharkhand.
MAR 2018 - APRIL 2019
Thus I similarly completed my HSC Examination in the year 2019 from CBSE Board and from same institue stated above. Thus opted form PCMC in HSC, thus completed my HSC from Jamshedpur,Jharkhand itself.
Thus visitors visiting this page for first time if they like my Website and want to contact me,
they can do so by
filing the form as well as through the contact details stated on right hand of the page.
Thus given below are my personal details and thus the visitor can directly contact me with the help of information given below....


Class: WCC::Contentful::Services
- Inherits:
-
Object
- Object
- WCC::Contentful::Services
- Defined in:
- lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb
Class Method Summary collapse
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#client ⇒ Object
Gets a CDN Client which provides methods for getting and paging raw JSON data from the Contentful CDN.
- #configuration ⇒ Object
-
#initialize(configuration = nil) ⇒ Services
constructor
A new instance of Services.
-
#instrumentation ⇒ Object
Gets the configured instrumentation adapter, defaulting to ActiveSupport::Notifications.
-
#management_client ⇒ Object
Gets a Management Client which provides methods for updating data via the Contentful Management API.
-
#preview_client ⇒ Object
Gets a CDN Client which provides methods for getting and paging raw JSON data from the Contentful Preview API.
-
#preview_store ⇒ Object
An instance of WCC::Contentful::Store::CDNAdapter which connects to the Contentful Preview API to return preview content.
-
#store ⇒ Object
Gets the data-store which executes the queries run against the dynamic models in the WCC::Contentful::Model namespace.
-
#sync_engine ⇒ Object
Gets the configured WCC::Contentful::SyncEngine which is responsible for updating the currently configured store.
Constructor Details
#initialize(configuration = nil) ⇒ Services
Returns a new instance of Services.
15 16 17 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 15 def initialize(configuration = nil) @configuration = configuration end |
Class Method Details
.instance ⇒ Object
6 7 8 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 6 def instance @singleton__instance__ ||= new # rubocop:disable Naming/MemoizedInstanceVariableName end |
Instance Method Details
#client ⇒ Object
Gets a CDN Client which provides methods for getting and paging raw JSON data from the Contentful CDN.
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 61 def client @client ||= ensure_configured do |config| WCC::Contentful::SimpleClient::Cdn.new( **config., access_token: config.access_token, space: config.space, default_locale: config.default_locale, connection: config.connection, environment: config.environment ) end end |
#configuration ⇒ Object
11 12 13 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 11 def configuration @configuration ||= WCC::Contentful.configuration end |
#instrumentation ⇒ Object
Gets the configured instrumentation adapter, defaulting to ActiveSupport::Notifications
134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 134 def instrumentation return @instrumentation if @instrumentation return ActiveSupport::Notifications if WCC::Contentful.configuration.nil? @instrumentation ||= WCC::Contentful.configuration.instrumentation_adapter || ActiveSupport::Notifications end |
#management_client ⇒ Object
Gets a Management Client which provides methods for updating data via the Contentful Management API
99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 99 def management_client @management_client ||= ensure_configured do |config| if config.management_token.present? WCC::Contentful::SimpleClient::Management.new( **config., management_token: config.management_token, space: config.space, default_locale: config.default_locale, connection: config.connection, environment: config.environment ) end end end |
#preview_client ⇒ Object
Gets a CDN Client which provides methods for getting and paging raw JSON data from the Contentful Preview API.
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 79 def preview_client @preview_client ||= ensure_configured do |config| if config.preview_token.present? WCC::Contentful::SimpleClient::Preview.new( **config., preview_token: config.preview_token, space: config.space, default_locale: config.default_locale, connection: config.connection, environment: config.environment ) end end end |
#preview_store ⇒ Object
An instance of WCC::Contentful::Store::CDNAdapter which connects to the Contentful Preview API to return preview content.
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 46 def preview_store @preview_store ||= ensure_configured do |config| WCC::Contentful::Store::Factory.new( config, :direct, :preview ).build(self) end end |
#store ⇒ Object
Gets the data-store which executes the queries run against the dynamic models in the WCC::Contentful::Model namespace. This is one of the following based on the configured store method:
- :direct
-
an instance of WCC::Contentful::Store::CDNAdapter with a CDN Client to access the CDN.
- :lazy_sync
-
an instance of Middleware::Store::CachingMiddleware with the configured ActiveSupport::Cache implementation around a WCC::Contentful::Store::CDNAdapter for when data cannot be found in the cache.
- :eager_sync
-
an instance of the configured Store type, defined by Configuration#sync_store
35 36 37 38 39 40 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 35 def store @store ||= ensure_configured do |config| config.store.build(self) end end |
#sync_engine ⇒ Object
Gets the configured WCC::Contentful::SyncEngine which is responsible for updating the currently configured store. The application must periodically call #next on this instance. Alternately, the application can mount the WCC::Contentful::Engine, which will call #next anytime a webhook is received.
This returns `nil` if the currently configured store does not respond to sync events.
122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 |
# File 'lib/wcc/contentful/services.rb', line 122 def sync_engine @sync_engine ||= if store.index? SyncEngine.new( store: store, client: client, key: 'sync:token' ) end end |


--- layout: page title: Interviewing description: The art of the interview background: '/img/t-interview.jpg' ---
This module will focus on the art of the interview. You might think that interviews can happen with immediacy. Heck, you watch news reporters every day out in the field interviewing political figures or show hosts chatting with the latest celebrity du jour. But look deeper into the actual work that goes into the interview process and you will find a lot of time goes into planning the logistics so interviews are timely and flow with precision.
Compile a list of 5-10 interview questions for your interviewee.
A part of you might be thinking, "Maybe I can go into this interview blind so I have the same experience as my listener?" Well, you're wrong. Primarily because there is a lot you need to do to prepare for this interview, but also because you're not the listener - you're the producer. As a producer, you have to go into your interview with some helpful strategies in your pocket that will solicit answers and help keep the conversation moving.
The first thing you need to do is to carefully select the subjects you will interview. You may know someone with a compelling story but they also need to be able to articulate what makes their story compelling. If you've chosen someone who is a great talker, then you're off to a great start! If you've chosen someone who isn't a great talker, you need to establish some ground rules for the conversation. These rules pertain to both you AND the interviewee:
You're choosing an interviewee presumably because they know a little bit about your topic. It's also safe to assume your interviewee may be an expert in the topic. As such, we can surmise that this person could talk at length about the topic at hand. While this can be great from an information sharing perspective, your listener can easily become lost in this type of monologue. Your job as a producer is to guide the conversation and create a back and forth exchange. You don't necessarily need to structure and plan the entire interview (nor should you), but giving your interviewee a sense of direction in terms of conversation can be incredibly helpful to stay on topic.
We all have stories and that includes your interviewee. As a producer, you want to tease these stories out of your guest. The most helpful way to spark storytelling is to ask your guest about stories that they find fascinating or entertaining as it relates to your topic. This provides a prompt to keep conversation flowing, or can help refocus a guest or discussion if it's gone too far off-topic.
If you've chosen this podcast track, it's likely that you aren't trying to capture any "gotcha" investigative reports in this workshop. On the contrary, it's more likely that you want to make your guest comfortable and ease them into the conversation so your recording sounds natural and free-flowing. A good way to help facilitate this kind of discussion is to share your list of interview questions before you record. This will give your guest an idea of where you want to go with the discussion, provide an opportunity to deeply think through respones, and allow them to do their own preparation for the interview.
We know it's uncomfortable, but don't be afraid to let long silences happen. As awkward as it may be to let the silence go on, it's often the case that your guest will jump in and choose to fill the silence with even more background, context, or a surprising story. Instructors often use this tactic to allow students time to process the question, formulate an answer, then articulate that answer. It provides a space for students to take the risk of engaging. Your guest, too, may need space to fully articulate a response.
Here are some questions that can help you get started. You will want to adapt them for your own personal spin on the interview, but this small sampling of questions can help you start processing how to approach starting an interview:


dist_proto.version module¶
Implement shared pieces of Erlang node negotiation and dist_proto protocol
-
pyrlang.dist_proto.version.
DIST_VSN_PAIR
= (5, 5)¶ Supported dist_proto protocol version (MAX,MIN).
-
pyrlang.dist_proto.version.
check_valid_dist_version
(max_min: tuple) → bool¶ Check that the version is supported :param max_min: tuple(int, int :return: True if ok
-
pyrlang.dist_proto.version.
dist_version_check
(max_min: tuple) → bool¶ Check pair of versions against version which is supported by us
- Parameters
max_min (tuple(int, int)) -- (Max, Min) version pair for peer-supported dist version


| Aug 25, 2000 | Initial revision. |
There are two types of events. Good events caused by opening a treasure chest. And chaos events that create havoc for your opponent, which can be triggered randomly (on both players) or by achieving a perfect match of textured eggs.
Detail: If multiple events are triggered, they will be queued up and executed in the order triggered.

While frozen, eggs cannot be used to achieve matches. However the eggs will thaw over time (in seconds). Once the ice melts, it's possible that one or more matches is caused with recently placed eggs.
Frozen game pieces have an anti-gravity affect as well. Achieving a match below the frozen eggs does not cause them to drop.
A fireball shoots through a row of pieces, replacing any eggs in it's path with inert meteor pieces. The fireball will destroy stones, but a stone will also stop the fireball from continuing in it's path. Treasure chests are not destroyed by the fire.
The row that the fireball takes out is random and can't be controlled, but it is generally in the lower region of the playing field.
Any frozen pieces directly above or below the fireball are melted by the flame.
The ground opens up and swallows a column of game pieces. The column that is removed is random, and could remove your opponents treasure chest.
Awards you with 100,000 points. Yippie!
Thirty seconds of luck. All falling eggs are pairs of the same color. Increased chance of receiving rare white eggs.
Ducky Lucky is hard-coded to get this bonus in story mode (if he gets his chest open). Your treasure chest is random.
All eggs are painted the same color and removed from your playing field. Opponent is pummeled by stones according to the size of the match. Any frozen eggs or stones remain in your playing field unchanged except for gravity's affect.
Scoring is based on the size of the match.


Before Change
jarpath = JAR.create(root, destdir, "output")
return jarpath
safe_mkdir(self.workdir)
for target in targets:
entries = classpath_products.get_internal_classpath_entries_for_targets([target])
for conf, entry in entries:
if ClasspathUtil.is_dir(entry.path):
After Change
Convert loose directories in classpath_products into jars.
with self.invalidated(targets=targets, invalidate_dependents=True) as invalidation:
for vt in invalidation.all_vts:
entries = classpath_products.get_internal_classpath_entries_for_targets([vt.target])
for index, (conf, entry) in enumerate(entries):
if ClasspathUtil.is_dir(entry.path):
// regenerate artifact for invalid vts
if not vt.valid:
JAR.create(entry.path, vt.results_dir, "output-{}".format(index))
// replace directory classpath entry with its jarpath
jarpath = os.path.join(vt.results_dir, "output-{}.jar".format(index))
classpath_products.remove_for_target(vt.target, [(conf, entry.path)])
classpath_products.add_for_target(vt.target, [(conf, jarpath)])
def find_consolidate_classpath_candidates(self, classpath_products, targets):
targets_with_directory_in_classpath = []
for target in targets:
entries = classpath_products.get_internal_classpath_entries_for_targets([target])


{% if solver_file_content %}
{{ solver_file_content }}
There is no solver file associated with this object.


The parametrization of the bivariate normal distribution by the mean vector and covariance matrix provides a straightforward way to extend the definition to more than two multivariate normal random variables.
A vector valued random variable, or more simply, a random vector, is an array of random variables. We will think of it as a column. $$ \mat{X} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} X_1 \\ X_2 \\ \vdots \\ X_n \end{bmatrix} $$
The mean vector of $\mat{X}$ is the vector of means $$ \mat{\mu} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} \mu_{X_1} \\ \mu_{X_2} \\ \vdots \\ \mu_{X_n} \end{bmatrix} $$
The covariance matrix of $\mat{X}$ is the matrix whose $(i, j)$th element is $Cov(X_i, X_j)$. For brevity, let $\sigma_{X,Y}$ denote the covariance of any two random variables $X$ and $Y$. With this notation, the covariance matrix of $\mat{X}$ is
$$ \bsymb{\Sigma} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} \sigma_{X_1}^2 & \sigma_{X_1, X_2} & \sigma_{X_1, X_3} & \ldots & \sigma_{X_1, X_n} \\ \sigma_{X_2, X_1} & \sigma_{X_2}^2 & \sigma_{X_2, X_3} & \ldots & \sigma_{X_2, X_n} \\ \sigma_{X_3, X_1} & \sigma_{X_3, X_2} & \sigma_{X_3}^2 & \ldots & \sigma_{X_3, X_n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \sigma_{X_n, X_1} & \sigma_{X_n, X_2} & \sigma_{X_n, X_3} & \ldots & \sigma_{X_n}^2 \end{bmatrix} $$The $i$th diagonal element of $\bsymb{\Sigma}$ is the variance of $X_i$. The matrix is symmetric because of the symmetry of covariance.
To understand more about covariance matrices, it helps to know some linear algebra. We haven't assumed that in this course, but if you have studied linear algebra then you should check that by the rules of variance and covariance, $\bsymb{\Sigma}$ must be be positive definite if the distribution of $\mat{X}$ is $n$-dimensional and not degenerate. As symmetric positive definite matrices are invertible, $\bsymb{\Sigma}$ has an inverse.
Let $\mat{x}$ be a vector of $n$ real values: $$ \mat{x} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ \vdots \\ x_n \end{bmatrix} $$
The multivariate normal density with mean vector $\mat{\mu}$ and covariance matrix $\bsymb{\Sigma}$ is the function $f$ whose value at $\mat{x}$ is
$$ f\big{(} \mat{x} \big{)} ~ = ~ \frac{1}{(\sqrt{2\pi})^n \sqrt{\lvert \bsymb{\Sigma} \rvert} } \exp \Big{(} -\frac{1}{2} \big{(}\mat{x} - \mat{\mu} \big{)}^T \bsymb{\Sigma}^{-1} \big{(}\mat{x} - \mat{\mu} \big{)} \Big{)} $$Here $(\mat{x} - \mat{\mu})^T$ is the transpose of $\mat{x} - \mat{\mu}$, and $\lvert \bsymb{\Sigma} \rvert$ is the determinant of $\bsymb{\Sigma}$.
Even if you have not studied linear algebra you can check that the formula is correct in the case $n = 1$. In this case $\bsymb{\Sigma} = [\sigma^2]$ is just a scalar. It is a number, not a larger matrix; its determinant is itself; its inverse is simply $1/\sigma^2$. Also, $\mat{x} = x$ and $\mat{\mu} = \mu$ are just numbers. It is easy to see that the formula above reduces to the familiar normal density with mean $\mu$ and variance $\sigma^2$.
In the case $n = 2$, the formula is the same as the bivariate normal density of $X$ and $Y$. To see this, just check that it is true in the standard bivariate normal case.
In that case
$$ \mathop{\mu}_{\sim} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} $$and $$ \bsymb{\Sigma} ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & \rho \\ \rho & 1 \end{bmatrix} $$ So $$ \lvert \bsymb{\Sigma} \rvert ~ = ~ 1 - \rho^2 $$ and $$ \bsymb{\Sigma}^{-1} ~ = ~ \frac{1}{1 - \rho^2} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -\rho \\ -\rho & 1 \end{bmatrix} $$
Set $$ x ~ = ~ \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \end{bmatrix} $$ and do the algebra. The multivariate normal density above is the same as the standard bivariate normal density with correlation $\rho$, derived earlier in this chapter.
Properties of the multivariate normal distribution are the same as or extensions of properties of bivariate normal distributions. Think of the multivariate normal distribution as the joint distribution of random variables $X_1, X_2, \ldots, X_n$. We won't prove the properties below but you will recognize them from the bivariate case and should use them as needed.