Who is this guide for?
If you're comfortable with the basics of JavaScript, HTML & CSS, but you've never built an interactive web app before, this guide is for you.
If you are a seasoned JavaScript developer with experience in other frameworks, and are looking to try choo
for the first time, this guide is also for you.
What is choo?
choo
is a small framework that helps you build web apps with JavaScript.
JavaScript makes it easy to add fun interactive elements to our HTML pages. As the language has gained in popularity, developers are now choosing to build their websites entirely with JavaScript. This offers many benefits to both users and developers, most notably that websites can now behave similarly to native desktop or mobile applications.
choo
provides a small but powerful collection of tools that commonly feature in JavaScript web apps, such as templating, routing, and state management. By the end of this guide, you will understand what these terms mean.  This is why you are here!
What will we build?
For this guide, we're going to build an interactive animal simulator called choo-animals
. It will be informative, cute, but most of all, fun!
This is what it looks like:
The user can click anywhere on the grass to add an animal to the screen. Clicking on an animal will remove it from the screen. The user can also filter which animals they see, using the filter links at the bottom of the page.
You can try it for yourself here: https://choo-animals.glitch.me
Let's get started!
For this guide, we will be using an online code editor called Glitch.
Glitch lets us write, edit and deploy JavaScript code in the browser. This is useful because we can make changes to our code and see the updated results instantly.
A starter project is available for you to follow along with this guide: https://glitch.com/edit/#!/project/choo-animals-starter
When the editor has finished loading, you should make your own copy of the project so you can start coding. To do this, click the "Remix this"
button near the top left hand corner of the window:
Your screen should now looking something like the following:
Starting choo
In our project's left sidebar, click on the index.js
file to open its code in the code editor.
You will see the following:
// import choo
var choo = require('choo')
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
// start app
app.mount('div')
At the top of this file, we are importing the choo
framework into our project using the require()
function.
require()
lets us import other JavaScript files into our code. require()
does a lot more than this, but if you're not already familiar with its concepts, for this tutorial all you need to remember is that we will use it to import choo
, and a handful of other files we write ourselves into our application.
We then need to create an instance of choo
that we will build our app with. We initialize this instance using choo()
, and then store it in the app
variable. From this point onwards, when we interact with choo
, it will be via app
.
Finally, we start our application by appending it to the

element of the HTML page our app will run on. We do this using the app.mount()
method that choo
conveniently makes available to us. If you open the index.html
file, you'll see there is a single

element inside
. This is where app.mount()
attaches our application.
At this point, we can take a look at what our app currently looks like. To do this, press the "Show"
button near the top left hand corner of the window:
Our application should appear in a new browser tab. However, as you'll see, the screen will be blank:
Our app does not yet contain any templates, nor any routes. This means that if we try to run our application, we will only ever see a blank page.
Let's fix this!
Building a template
In web app development, a template often refers to a piece of code that will help us render some HTML to the screen. Being templates, they will render most of the same information each time, but change slightly depending on the different bits of input they receive.
Templates are essentially functions: given some input, they will render a new output depending on what happens inside that function.
choo
provides another module we can import that will help us build HTML templates with "template strings", one of JavaScript's newer syntax features.
Let's update the code in our index.js
file to read the following:
// import choo
var choo = require('choo')
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
// create a template
var main = function () {
return html`<div>choo animals</div>`
}
// start app
app.mount('div')
Underneath our choo
import near the top of the file, we're now also importing choo
's html helper. This becomes accessible via the html
variable.
Towards the end of the file, we're creating a function, and assigning it to the main
variable. Inside this function, we're returning a template that we'll use to render
choo animals

to our page.
This bit of code might be confusing, so let's dissect further.
The html
variable references a function that parses template strings containing HTML code (eg. html`<h1>choo</h1>`
). A given template string will be interpreted into a special data structure, that choo
then renders as HTML on the page.
Creating a route
When a friend links you to a specific page on a website, that URL acts as a route so the server knows where to direct you.
Many JavaScript web apps use this same concept to figure out which template to show you at a given point within the application.
This means that to see something on our page, we need to create a route that directs us to the template we just made. Let's add some code underneath our template:
// ...
// create a template
var main = function () {
return html`<div>choo animals</div>`
}
// create a route
app.route('/', main)
// start app
app.mount('div')
The app.route()
function takes in two arguments, the first being the URL path you want to create (this should be specified as a string), and the second being the template you'd like to show users when they arrive at that path (usually a variable that references the template).
As this is our first route, we will make it the "index" (or "root") of the entire application. We do this by specifying the route as '/'
. This route would be the equivalent of visiting something like https://choo.io
(the home page). Creating a route with the path /cats
would be the equivalent of visiting https://choo.io/cats
.
As we change the code in Glitch's editor, our app's window should automatically update itself. If you open it, you should see the following:
If your app hasn't updated yet, you can simply refresh the window yourself.
Now that we can see text on the screen, it means that you successfully got choo
working. Congratulations!
We're not finished yet, but let's quickly summarise what we've done so far:
- First, we initialised
choo
, and mounted it onto the page. - We then created a template using the
choo/html
template function. - Finally, we created an index route (
/
), and pointed it to our newly made template.
Modularising our templates
Just like we can require()
third-party modules like choo
into our application, we can break our code down into smaller pieces so that the different concerns of our app exist in their own neat little files.
If we were to modularise what we currently have, it would likely be considered "pre-optimisation", since there's not much code there anyway. Attempts to break it out further would likely just increase complexity, but as we're about to add a lot of new markup to our main
template in just a moment, let's go ahead and break it out into its own file.
In Glitch's left sidebar, click the "+ New File"
button. Specify your new file's path as templates/main.js
, then click Add File
:
First this creates a new folder named templates
, and then adds a file called main.js
inside of it. This file should now appear in the sidebar.
Let's add some code to our new main.js
file:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// export module
module.exports = function () {
// create html template
return html`

`
}
What's happening here?
First, we are importing choo
's html helper so that we can build a new template within this file.
Next, we are assigning a function that returns a template to the variable called module.exports
. What does this variable do exactly? In the context of this application, when we create JavaScript files that we'd like to import into other JavaScript files, whatever is assigned to module.exports
is what will be exported out.
Inside of our template code, we've added some markup that will display an image called bg.gif
on the page.
(NOTE: There are some asset files this project requires that you won't be able to see in Glitch's left sidebar. This image is an example of one those files. Other assets will crop up later in this tutorial, but I'll be sure to point them out to you.)
Now let's require()
this new template into our index.js
file, and see the results.
Start by adding this line towards the top of index.js
:
// ...
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// import template
var main = require('./templates/main.js')
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
// ...
Underneath the line of code where we import choo
's html helper, we now import the main.js
file we just created. Remembering that we exported a function that returns a template, we can now use that as the designated template for our /
route.
Let's clean up index.js
:
// import choo
var choo = require('choo')
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// import template
var main = require('./templates/main.js')
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
// create a route
app.route('/', main)
// start app
app.mount('div')
If we look at our application, we should now see the following:
Awesome! Let's recap what we just did:
- First, we created a file called
main.js
inside of a new folder calledtemplates
. - Inside
main.js
, we created a function that returns a template, and then exported it usingmodule.exports
. - Finally, we imported
main.js
intoindex.js
, then plugged it into our/
route.
Now that we have a nice grass field to play in, let's start adding some animals.
Adding state to our application
A core behaviour of many modern web applications is that they can be entirely driven and interacted with, without having to refresh or navigate to another static HTML page.
When you browse a website like Wikipedia or Mozilla Developer Network, each new page you navigate to, or each piece of functionality you interact with, will require a new page from the server to load in your browser.
In choo
, the idea is that when information is changed or new information becomes available, the page will automatically update itself to reflect that, much in the same way that a native desktop or mobile application would.
To do this, choo
uses the concept of "application state" to drive the output of its templates. This could mean absolutely nothing to you right now, so it's a good opportunity to dive further into what "state" is and how it works.
In programming, it's commonplace for a script to have several variables which contain information that you pass into a function. A function will typically do the same thing each time you run it, so when you pass the same variables in as arguments again and again, it will keep returning the same result:
// example
var fun = true
var name = 'Alice'
function sentence() {
if (fun) {
console.log(`Yay! ${name} is having fun!`)
} else {
console.log(`Oh no, ${name} is not having fun.`)
}
}
sentence()
sentence()
sentence()
// the following is logged to screen:
// "Yay! Alice is having fun!"
// "Yay! Alice is having fun!"
// "Yay! Alice is having fun!"
As mentioned earlier in this guide:
"Templates are essentially functions: given some input, they will render a new output depending on what happens inside that function."
In choo
, state is passed down into our templates so that we can change what our templates do depending on what is currently contained in that state.
Let's demonstrate this concept by adding new code to our index.js
file:
// ...
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
app.use(function (state) {
// initialize state
state.animals = {type: 'lion', x: 200, y: 100}
})
// declare routes
app.route('/', main)
// ...
Underneath our initialization of choo
, we are calling app.use()
and passing a function into it. The function we pass in receives a state
object which represents the state of our entire application. Although it has a wider scope of usage, for now we can just call app.use()
when we want to setup the initial parameters of our application's state.
Inside of app.use()
, we're creating a new property on the state
object called state.animals
. We're then assigning it an object that contains parameters we'll use to place a new animal on our screen: type
sets which animal we want, and the x
and y
properties will dictate the animal's position.
Passing state into our templates
Now that we've set a new property on our state object, we can access this state from any templates that our router calls.
Let's flip over to main.js
, and update our template function:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// export module
module.exports = function (state) {
var type = state.animals.type
var x = state.animals.x
var y = state.animals.y
// create html template
return html`

`
}
A few things have changed, so let's briefly dive in to see what's happening:
First, the function that we're exporting now takes in an argument called state
. This is the same state
object from index.js
, after it has been run through app.use()
. This means that the state.animal
property is now available to us inside this template.
Inside the function, we're initializing a set of variables that point to the different parts of our state.animals
object. Then, inside of our template string, we've created a new
element. This
will represent an animal we place on screen.
As mentioned earlier, we have several different images located inside an invisible assets
folder in Glitch. They are:
assets/bg.gif
assets/crocodile.gif
assets/koala.gif
assets/lion.gif
assets/tiger.gif
assets/walrus.gif
We can use the state.animals.type
property that has been passed into our template to point to the correct image we need to render the animal on screen (src="/assets/${type}.gif"
).
Then, we can set a style
property on the same
element to position the animal using left
and top
. These correspond to our state.animals.x
and state.animals.y
values.
You've probably noticed the interesting ${}
syntax being used inside of our template strings. By placing short JavaScript expressions inside these curly braces, the code will be evaluated and replaced with its returned value. In this case, ${type}
will evaluate to 'lion'
, ${x}
will evaluate to 200
, and so on.
If we look at our application now, you should see something cute like this:
Nice! A super sweet lion has decided to come and hang out with us while we code.
That was a lot to digest, so let's quickly go over what we just did:
- First, we setup
app.use()
in ourindex.js
file. - Inside of
app.use()
, we then initialized our app'sstate
object by describing the type and coordinates of an animal. - Then, we updated our
main.js
file to reflect the information stored in state.
As a result, an animal is now rendered on the screen.
It would be cool to have more animals roaming around without copying and pasting additional
elements into our template. Instead, we should add more animals into our state, then have our template reflect those changes.
Rendering templates with loops
The state.animals
property currently refers to a single object, representing one animal. If we want to render multiple animals on the screen, we'd need a way of representing multiple animals inside this property.
Using an array, we can store multiple objects inside of it, each representing an animal that the user should see.
Let's head to index.js
and update our initialized state to reflect this change:
// ...
// initialize choo
var app = choo()
app.use(function (state) {
// initialize state
state.animals = [
{type: 'lion', x: 200, y: 100},
{type: 'crocodile', x: 50, y: 300}
]
})
// declare routes
app.route('/', main)
// ...
state.animals
now refers to both a Lion and a Crocodile, but main.js
also needs to be updated to handle this restructure.
Our template should render each animal regardless of how many there are in state. To do this, we can program our template to iterate across state.animals
, rendering a block of HTML for each animal that exists in the array.
First, let's create a new file in Glitch with the filepath templates/animal.js
. This template will represent a single animal, and will be used to iterate over state.animals
inside of main.js
.
Let's wire up animal.js
with the following code:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// export module
module.exports = function (animal) {
var type = animal.type
var x = animal.x
var y = animal.y
// create html template
return html`

`
}
This code you've seen before, as it already exists inside of main.js
. We're breaking this template out into its own file so that we can refer to it each time we iterate over state.animals
. Let's do that now by updating main.js
:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// import template
var animal = require('./animal.js')
// export module
module.exports = function (state) {
// create html template
return html`

${state.animals.map(animal)}

`
}
In main.js
, we've replaced the HTML markup we shifted into animal.js
with ${state.animals.map(animal)}
. What is happening here?
In JavaScript, arrays come with a built-in method called map()
. When we call map()
, we also pass into it another function which is executed against every item in the array. Each time the function runs, the current item is passed in as an argument. When map()
is finished running, it will return a new array with each function's return value.
For example:
var array = [1, 2, 3]
var newArray = array.map(function (num) {
return num * 2
})
console.log(newArray)
// [2, 4, 6]
In the context of our application, we are using map()
to iterate across each animal in our state.animals
array. By passing our animal.js
template into map()
, we can then create a new array of templates that each represent an animal. These are then rendered in place of ${state.animals.map(animal)}
.
If you look again inside of animal.js
, you'll see that an animal
is passed in as an argument each time the exported function is run. We are then grabbing the type
,x
, and y
values of the animal currently being iterated upon, and returning that new template.
If we now look at our application, we should see that a new friend has arrived!
Now is a good time to quickly summarise what we just did:
- First, we changed our state to reflect not just one animal (a single object), but many animals (an array of objects).
- We then created a new template (
animal.js
) which outputs an
element, representing one animal. - Finally, using JavaScript's
map()
function, we "mapped" acrossstate.animals
inside ourmain.js
file. This lets us render each animal inside ofstate.animals
to the screen.
It would be nice if we could add new animals to our application simply by clicking somewhere on the grass, rather than having to update our code by hand to reflect this. Let's figure out a way to update our state
directly from our templates.
Updating state
As mentioned several times already, "templates are functions. Their output will change depending on their input".
In the last section of this guide, we began passing our application's state down into our templates. Specifically, their output now depends on what is contained in state.animals
.
What would happen if we changed the contents of our state, while the application is still running? Let's find out!
Looking at our index.js
file, we initialize our state by passing a function into app.use()
that modifies the state
object. If we could run another function inside of this same function, but trigger it directly from our template, we can then update our state at any point in time, which should also update what we see on the screen.
Let's update index.js
(specifically, our app.use()
function):
// ...
app.use(function (state, emitter) {
// initialize state
state.animals = [
{type: 'lion', x: 200, y: 100},
{type: 'crocodile', x: 50, y: 300}
]
// add animal
emitter.on('addAnimal', function () {
var obj = {type: 'lion', x: 100, y: 200}
state.animals.push(obj)
emitter.emit('render')
})
})
// ...
In this code block, we've introduced a new object called emitter
, which is available to us inside of the function we pass into app.use()
.
emitter
is what we could refer to as either an "event bus" or a "message bus". It listens for events that occur in other parts of our application, and reacts to them by executing a function.
Underneath our initialization of state.animals
, we're calling emitter.on()
. This function takes two arguments:
- The name of the "event" to listen for (specified as a string. We chose
addAnimal
, but this can be anything we like.) - A function that will run when the event is triggered
Inside the function, we're creating a new lion object, and pushing it into our state.animals
array. At this point, our state has now been modified, but we then need to tell choo
to re-render our templates to reflect these changes.
To do this, we're calling emitter.emit('render')
. This triggers a pre-configured event handler inside of choo
, that tells the app to re-render the page.
With this all set up, we now need a way to trigger the add
event handler from one of our templates.
Let's update our template inside of main.js
to show the following:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// import template
var animal = require('./animal.js')
// export module
module.exports = function (state, emit) {
// create html template
return html`

${state.animals.map(animal)}

`
// add new animal to state
function add () {
emit('addAnimal')
}
}
There are three significant updates to this file:
As well as passing
state
into our function, we're now also passing inemit
.Our

element now has anonclick
property. This means that when the user clicks the image of the grass, a function calledadd
will be triggered.Below our template, we're declaring the
add
function referred to in our
element'sonclick
property. Inside, we're triggeringemit('addAnimal')
, which will cause ouraddAnimal
event handler, back inindex.js
, to execute.
If we switch to our application again, and click on the grass, a new lion should appear:
✨ Awesome! We now have our very first interactive choo
app. ✨
We're not quite done yet, but we just implemented a lot of really cool new functionality, so let's dive deeper to understand exactly what's going on.
index.js
holds the state of our application, which is handled via the function we pass into app.use()
. This function receives two arguments, state
& emitter
.
// example
app.use(function (state, emitter) (
state.number = 1
emitter.on('changeNumber', function () {
state.number = 2
})
})
The state
object contains the data structures that drive our application. The rendered output of our templates change depending on what this data holds.
We then use the emitter
object to register functions that react to the execution of events elsewhere in our application. The names of the events we register can be anything we like. As they are registered inside of the function we pass into app.use()
, they have the ability to modify the state
object directly.
In main.js
, we have access to both the state
object, and an emit
function. These are both passed into any template functions that are registered with a route (eg. app.route('/', main)
).
// example
module.exports = function (state, emit) {
return html`

${state.number}

`
function update () {
emit('changeNumber')
}
}
We can use the state
object to render useful bits of information inside of our templates. We can also continue passing that information further down into child templates.
We can use the emit()
function to trigger updates to our state
object, from our templates. If we register emitter.on('cats')
inside of app.use()
, this can be triggered by emit('cats')
somewhere else.
Finally, if we want to trigger an event by clicking on an element in one of our templates, we can register a function on that element using the onclick
property (eg.

).
Passing data to state
Although our app is now interactive, it's not as fun as it could be.
When we add an animal to our state
object, we're adding the same animal (a Lion), and giving it the same coordinates each time. To make this more interesting, when a new animal is created, our app should randomly choose from a set of different animals, and position it with the same coordinates as our cursor.
To do this, we need a way to pass information to our state from our templates. This can be done via the event handlers we are triggering.
Looking at our main.js
file, we are executing our declared add()
function when we click on the image of the grass. Inside of this function, we're executing emit('addAnimal')
, which tells our handler back in index.js
to update our state
object.
emit()
actually accepts two arguments:
The first, which we already know, is the name of the event we'd like to trigger (eg.
'addAnimal'
).The second is any data we'd like to pass through to the function on the other end.
Let's update our add()
function in main.js
:
// ...
function add (e) {
var x = e.offsetX - 20
var y = e.offsetY - 10
var obj = {x: x, y: y}
emit('addAnimal', obj)
}
// ...
Now, when add()
executes after you click on the grass, two new things are happening:
First, we are grabbing the
offsetX
andoffsetY
information from the click event (notice thate
, the click event object, is now passed into this function). This tells us where we clicked our mouse, relative to the image of the grass. We're slightly adjusting these values to compensate for the cursor itself.Then, we are calling
emit()
, specifying the name of the event listener we'd like to trigger, but also passing in an object that contains thex
andy
coordinates of where we clicked.
Let's go back to index.js
and make some changes to our emitter.on('addAnimal')
handler:
// ...
// add animal
emitter.on('addAnimal', function (data) {
var x = data.x
var y = data.y
var obj = {type: 'lion', x: x, y: y}
state.animals.push(obj)
emitter.emit('render')
})
// ...
The function that we pass into this event listener, now takes in a new argument: data
. This value represents the information that we passed into emit()
back in main.js
(the x
and y
coordinates).
We can then construct an object with our coordinates, push this to state.animals
, then re-render the screen.
We did mention earlier that we'd like to randomly create a new type of animal for each click, so let's update our code again to reflect that:
// ...
// add animal
emitter.on('addAnimal', function (data) {
var animals = ['crocodile', 'koala', 'lion', 'tiger', 'walrus']
var type = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5)
var x = data.x
var y = data.y
var obj = {type: animals[type], x: x, y: y}
state.animals.push(obj)
emitter.emit('render')
})
// ...
Now before pushing a new object to state.animals
, we randomly select an index from an array of 5 names, and use this as our animal's type
property.
If we switch over to our application again, and begin clicking different areas of the grass, we should see something like this:
LOOK AT HOW CUTE THEY ALL ARE!
Take a moment to appreciate everything you've just built! Our choo
app is really starting to shape up.
Let's quickly revisit what we accomplished in this last section:
In our template (
main.js
), we obtained thex
andy
coordinates of our mouse click event.We then passed this information through to the
addAnimal
event handler usingemit('addAnimal', obj)
.Over in
index.js
, we received this data inside ouremitter.on('addAnimal')
handler asdata
, and proceeded to push this into ourstate.animals
array.
At this point, we've made a super fun interactive choo
app that we can share with all our friends! 👭
ProTip™ ✨ you can send the link of your Glitch app to anyone who'd like to play with your app, or hack on your code with you via Glich's Share
or 🕶 Show
buttons:
Now that we're on a roll, let's think of a way to build our next feature: removing animals from our app.
Removing data from state
If we can add an animal to our grass field by clicking in a particular spot, we should also be able to click on the animal itself and remove it from the screen.
This means that instead of updating state.animals
by adding a new item to its array, we would instead need to remove the item that correlates to the animal that was clicked.
Let's start by opening main.js
and update its code:
// import choo's template helper
var html = require('choo/html')
// import template
var animal = require('./animal.js')
// export module
module.exports = function (state, emit) {
// create html template
return html`

${state.animals.map(animalMap)}

`
// map function
function animalMap (obj, i) {
return animal(remove, obj, i)
}
// add new animal to state
function add (e) {
var x = e.offsetX - 20
var y = e.offsetY - 10
emit('addAnimal', {x: x, y: y})
}
// remove animal from state
function remove (e) {
var index = e.target.id
emit('removeAnimal', index)
}
}
There's a ton of new stuff here, so let's go through it carefully:
First, we created a new function called animalMap()
, which returns our animal.js
template:
function animalMap (obj, i) {
return animal(remove, obj, i)
}
Then, near the top of this file, we're now passing our new animalMap()
function into state.animals.map
, rather than the animal.js
template itself:
${state.animals.map(animalMap)}
Finally, we created a new remove()
function that we'll use to remove animals from our state. Let's come back to that shortly.
You may have noticed that we're using this new animalMap()
function we created to pass some new things into our animal.js
template, before we run it through map()
. Why are we doing this?
To build this feature, our animal.js
template needs access to some extra functions and information. The first thing we pass in is our new remove()
function. Then, we pass in obj
, which represents the animal that map()
is iterating across. The final argument, i
, represents the index number of the current map()
iteration.
These changes may seem confusing and abstract at first. Don't worry! Our next move will hopefully tie these changes together.
Let's open animal.js
, and update its code:
var html = require('choo/html')
module.exports = function (onclick, animal, i) {
var type = animal.type
var x = animal.x
var y = animal.y
// create html template
return html`

`
}
We've made some subtle but important changes. Let's break these down:
Our
animal.js
template now accepts the three arguments we described above: theremove()
function passed in frommain.js
(represented asonclick()
), the currentanimal
we're iterating over, and also that animal's index number (represented asi
).We've added an
id
property to our
element, which accepts the value ofi
. We use this to identify which animal we are clicking, and where it sits within ourstate.animals
array.We've also added an
onclick
property to our
element, which will trigger theremove()
function we passed in frommain.js
.
Let's open index.js
, and update app.use()
:
// ...
app.use(function (state, emitter) {
// initialize state
state.animals = [
{ type: 'lion', x: 200, y: 100 },
{ type: 'crocodile', x: 50, y: 300 }
]
// add animal
emitter.on('addAnimal', function (data) {
var animals = ['crocodile', 'koala', 'lion', 'tiger', 'walrus']
var type = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5)
var x = data.x
var y = data.y
var obj = { type: animals[type], x: x, y: y }
state.animals.push(obj)
emitter.emit('render')
})
// remove animal
emitter.on('removeAnimal', function (i) {
state.animals.splice(i, 1)
emitter.emit('render')
})
})
// ...
Towards the bottom of this function, we've added emitter.on('removeAnimal')
. When we run emit('removeAnimal')
from main.js
, this is the block of code it triggers. It takes the index number of the animal that we clicked (this was stored on the
's id
property), and removes it from state.animals
using JavaScript's built-in splice()
function.
Afterwards, we run emitter.emit('render')
, which tells choo
to re-render the screen.
Let's check our application, and see if this works:
Cool! We can add animals to our screen, and also remove them. Talk about cuteness overload!
If we added a large number of animals to our plot of grass, it would be useful if we could filter the screen so we only see a specific type of animal.
Let's build this final feature to round out the guide, and finish our choo-animals
application!
Creating dynamic routes
Before we create this new filter, let's first specify how we'd like the functionality to work.
At present, our application works entirely from one route ('/'
). It would be cool to build a second route that allows us to dynamically specify which animal we'd like to filter for. What does this mean?
Our app can currently choose from five different animals to add to the screen. Rather than creating five different routes, one to filter each animal (eg. app.route('/filter/lion'), app.route('/filter/tiger')
), we can create one route that handles any type of animal we ask for.
Below our first and only route in index.js
, let's add a second one:
// ...
// declare routes
app.route('/', main)
app.route('/filter/:type', main)
// start app
app.mount('div')
You may have noticed that the route we just declared (/filter/:type
) looks slightly funny. What does :type
mean?
If we clicked on a link in our application that directed us to /filter/lion
, or /filter/tiger
, we'd be directed to the route we just declared. The :
syntax tells the router that it will accept any value for this section of the route's path. The router will then make that value available to our application so it can respond to the user in a different way.
In this particular context, the last value of this URL's path becomes available to our application via state.params.type
. If our route was declared as /filter/:meow
, the value would become available to us via state.params.meow
.
This means that when our user is directed to a specific /filter
route, our application can see what type of animal they're asking for, and filter its output accordingly.
Our new route also points to main.js
, so let's add new code to that template's animalMap()
function, so it can filter for specific animals:
// ...
// add new animal to state
function add (e) {
var x = e.offsetX - 20
var y = e.offsetY - 10
emit('addAnimal', {x: x, y: y})
}
// map function
function animalMap (obj, i) {
var type = state.params.type
if (type && type !== obj.type) {
return // nothing
} else {
return animal(remove, obj, i)
}
}
// ...
This update to animalMap()
checks whether we've navigated to our /filter/:type
route. If we have, state.params.type
would contain a string of the animal we're looking for. If not, this value would be empty.
If this value contains a string, but does not match the type
of animal our map()
function is currently iterating over, we exit this function early by returning nothing. This means we don't render anything to the screen during this iteration. In all other circumstances (if there is a match, or we aren't filtering at all), then we render the animal to the screen during that iteration.
To activate our filter, let's add some new template markup to our main.js
template, which renders a list of anchor elements, each linking out to a specific animal's filter:
// ...
// create html template
return html`

${state.animals.map(animalMap)}

all

crocodiles

koalas

lions

tigers

walruses

`
// ...
Let's switch to our application, and see what happens:
That's so cool! When we click on a filter, our app redirects to a new dynamic route, and our animalMap()
function handles which animals need to appear on the screen.
Summary
Woah, we just finished building choo-animals
. Congratulations!
I hope you had a lot of fun making this app, just as much as I had fun writing this guide.
Before we wrap up, let's write down a list of all the cool things we learned to do with choo
. We learned how to:
- Create templates
- Create static & dynamic routes
- Create & update application state
- Modularise our code
- Render templates with loops
- Pass data around our application
These concepts form a large part of any modern web app, not just those built with choo
, but with other libraries and frameworks as well.
In the following chapters of this handbook, you'll dive into other topics such as form handling, third-party library integration, and sending & receiving data from external APIs.


Wildo Coda
I have just arrived from a work trip in Madrid, and I did have some spare time to roam around and explore the main streets of Madrid. As they say, I enjoyed getting lost in the streets of Madrid which provided a good opportunity for street photography.


The Salmon Cookie Shoppe
-Seattle's finest since 2018-
Enter store name:
Enter min. customers/hr:
Enter max. customers/hr:
Enter avg. cookies/customer:


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
1 to 2 hours
Serves
Serves 4-6
The combination of juicy sweet roast pork and tooth-shatteringly crisp crackling is a dream come true.
Have the butcher French-trim the rib bones. Ask the butcher to score the skin in vertical stripes 1cm/½in apart. You can do this yourself with a very sharp knife.
Preheat the oven to 180C/350F/Gas 4.
Dry the pork thoroughly with kitchen towels and rub all over with salt.
Place the pork and any trimmings into a roasting tin.
Peel the shallots, cut them in half lengthways and add them to the tin. Pour 250ml/9fl oz dry cider into the tin.
Roast the pork for 45 minutes (allow an extra five minutes for every additional 250g/9oz of pork), checking occasionally that there's enough liquid in the roasting pan and topping up with a little hot water from the kettle if necessary
After 45 minutes (or relevant cooking time) increase the temperature to 200C/375F/Gas 5 to make the crackling crisp up. Cook the pork for another 45 minutes at this temperature (again allow an extra five minutes for every additional 250g/9oz of pork).
Meanwhile, make the sauce. Pour the cider and chicken stock together in a pan and bring to a simmer. Add the honey and mustard and season, to taste, with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Simmer, to reduce, for about one hour. The sauce should reduce by three-quarters.
At the end of the cooking time, when the sauce has reduced, allow to cool slightly and add the double cream, if using. Stir thoroughly.
When the pork is cooked, remove it from the oven and allow it to rest for at least 15 minutes. Pour any juices from the pork into your sauce.
To serve, remove the crackling in one piece (if it's not crispy enough then return it to the oven for 5-10 minutes). Cut the loin off the bone in one piece. Carve the meat into thick slabs and serve a good piece of crackling and some shallot with each one. Pour over the sauce and garnish with fresh sage leaves.


{% include 'head.html' %}
Please press the "Create Journal" button below to initialize your first journal. It will take you to a webpage where, after confirming permission, you will receive a token to copy and paste into the field below. This step is necessary for maintaining the security of your Google account. If you have any issues, please contact support at info@grammiegram.com.


|
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, const char_t *value) |
| |
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, double value) |
| |
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, xpath_variable *value) |
| |
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_value_type rettype_, xpath_ast_node *left=0, xpath_ast_node *right=0) |
| |
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node *left, axis_t axis, nodetest_t test, const char_t *contents) |
| |
| | xpath_ast_node (ast_type_t type, xpath_ast_node *left, xpath_ast_node *right, predicate_t test) |
| |
| void | set_next (xpath_ast_node *value) |
| |
| void | set_right (xpath_ast_node *value) |
| |
| bool | eval_boolean (const xpath_context &c, const xpath_stack &stack) |
| |
| double | eval_number (const xpath_context &c, const xpath_stack &stack) |
| |
| xpath_string | eval_string_concat (const xpath_context &c, const xpath_stack &stack) |
| |
| xpath_string | eval_string (const xpath_context &c, const xpath_stack &stack) |
| |
| xpath_node_set_raw | eval_node_set (const xpath_context &c, const xpath_stack &stack, nodeset_eval_t eval) |
| |
| void | optimize (xpath_allocator *alloc) |
| |
| void | optimize_self (xpath_allocator *alloc) |
| |
| bool | is_posinv_expr () const |
| |
| bool | is_posinv_step () const |
| |
| xpath_value_type | rettype () const |
| |
Definition at line 9291 of file pugixml.cpp.
◆ xpath_ast_node() [1/6]
| xpath_ast_node::xpath_ast_node |
( |
ast_type_t |
type, |
|
|
xpath_value_type |
rettype_, |
|
|
const char_t * |
value |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
◆ xpath_ast_node() [2/6]
| xpath_ast_node::xpath_ast_node |
( |
ast_type_t |
type, |
|
|
xpath_value_type |
rettype_, |
|
|
double |
value |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
◆ xpath_ast_node() [3/6]
| xpath_ast_node::xpath_ast_node |
( |
ast_type_t |
type, |
|
|
xpath_value_type |
rettype_, |
|
|
xpath_variable * |
value |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
◆ xpath_ast_node() [4/6]
◆ xpath_ast_node() [5/6]
◆ xpath_ast_node() [6/6]
◆ eval_boolean()
◆ eval_node_set()
◆ eval_number()
◆ eval_string()
◆ eval_string_concat()
◆ is_posinv_expr()
| bool xpath_ast_node::is_posinv_expr |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ is_posinv_step()
| bool xpath_ast_node::is_posinv_step |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ optimize()
◆ optimize_self()
◆ rettype()
| xpath_value_type xpath_ast_node::rettype |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
◆ set_next()
◆ set_right()
◆ nodetest
| const char_t* xpath_ast_node::nodetest |
◆ number
| double xpath_ast_node::number |
◆ string
| const char_t* xpath_ast_node::string |
◆ table
| const unsigned char* xpath_ast_node::table |
◆ variable
| xpath_variable* xpath_ast_node::variable |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- C:/GitKrakenRepos/TemplateRepository/src/main/cpp/thirdparty/pugixml/pugixml.cpp


@(title: String, useViewport: Option[Boolean], useContactless: Boolean)(content: Html)
@if(useContactless) {
@title | Find NFC-enabled businesses with Contactless Accepted Here
} else {
@title | Find chip-enabled businesses with EMV Accepted Here
}
@if(useViewport.getOrElse(false) == true) {
}
@if(useContactless) {
} else {
}
@content


--- layout: page title: Download MultiPKG ---
Redirecting to download page
If nothing happens, please click here


Luis Enrique returns to La Roja
by FIFA.com- Luis Enrique has retaken the role of Spain coach
- Having left for personal reasons in June, he will now guide them until Qatar 2022
- Replacement Roberto Moreno secured their place at UEFA EURO 2020
Luis Enrique is back at the helm of the Spain national team, RFEF President Luis Rubiales confirmed in a press conference on Tuesday.
The former Barcelona boss had left the role in June after 11 months in charge due to personal reasons. His replacement and former assistant, Roberto Moreno, duly took his place and guided Spain to UEFA EURO 2020, topping their group on the way to qualification for next year's continental tournament.
"I was committed to keeping La Roja's doors open for Luis Enrique in case he felt strong enough to return," explained the RFEF president.
"We thank Robert for his work, but the leader of this project is Luis Enrique and we had the ethical obligation and the commitment to let him return. If he had not felt like coming back, we were fully confident in Robert," Rubiales continued.
"Luis Enrique told me that he would like to take charge until Qatar and I think he deserves that. He has received better offers, for sure. We are very thankful for his behaviour. We have not negotiated or signed anything yet, but I trust his word."
Enrique's first games at the helm will come in March 2020, as part of the team's warm-up for the EURO.


{{header}} {{nav.opaque}}
We are grateful to the London Mathematical Society for funding 30 bursaries for PhD students attending both the 4th Joint British Mathematical Colloquium & British Applied Mathematics Colloquium (BMC/BAMC 2015) and YRM2015. These cover the cost of the registration fee for YRM2015.
If you want to claim a bursary, you must contact us as soon as possible. If your application is successful then, once you have attended both the BMC/BAMC 2015 and YRM, we will be able to refund your registration fee for YRM2015.
Correction: A previous version of this page incorrectly stated that the registration fee for the BMC/BAMC would be refunded. It is in fact the YRM2015 registration fee which is refunded. We’re very sorry for this mistake.


{$MetaKeywords/} {$MetaDescription/} {ZL:Boot()/}
{ZL.Label id="响应式网站头部"/}
China's Internet development, and look forward to excellent CMS products.
And Zoomla! CMS in 1998 began research and development, and integrate the experience of hx008.com such as IDC platform.
Currently has ten function, the eight modules, and occupy the best CMS products in the Chinese field.
We established in the Far East, the largest city in science and technology R & D center - Shanghai company, with nearly 500 square meters R & D center in Nanchang.
The company is in the best spirit of research and development, to forge ahead.
Positive R & D team exchanges with foreign countries, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and other excellent software to open up overseas markets in Europe, America, Australia.
Zoomla! Waves CMS based dotNET + the MSSQL database architecture, not only excellent support for Chinese, and more how the language module.
Service the local community, but forge ahead to pursue open.
In China, but to get through the channel of China and the world.
Welcome friends to contact us Click here for free download Zoomla! CMS:
www.z01.com/pub


The Museum of Colour,
Shape and Style
We're committed to bringing colour and shape to the masses!
1234 Rainbow Blvd. Toronto, Ontario M2J 1P3
Our History
The Museum of Colour, Shape and Style opened in August 2014. Located at 1234 Rainbow Blvd. in Toronto's downtown core, we have established ourselves as Canada's first and foremost archive of all things colourful. Shades and tints abound in our galleries, our colour palette consistently impresses and our monochromatic galleria soothes the senses. See our amazing colour wheel in the rotunda. Our primary and secondary colours are second to none! Visit our Tertiary Garden and relax in our forest of analogous colours and vector shapes.
Let's face it, things are seldom ever black and white, but isn't that the way we like it?
That is why, despite being legally blind, I became involved with The Museum of Colour, Shape and Style, eventually becoming its president.Legally Blind, Not Colour Blind. Dr. Primary, President of The Museum of Colour
The Museum is essentially the result of president Dr. Primary's belief that he could make people more aware of the colours around us. In August 2013, he left his position as the senior photoshop curator at the Institute for Colour and dedicated himself to turning his vision into reality.
Museum Timeline:
-
2014
- August: Museum opens to colourful reviews and applause, an indication of the shape of things to come!
-
2015
- January: Approval of expansion plan is formally announced.
- August: British curator Hugh Tertiary is hired. Expansion of the colour exhibits area continues.
-
2016
- June: Special exhibit opens: A square peg in a round hole - hidden shapes all around us.
- November 13: Our flagship exhibit: If Photoshop is so great, why are the default swatches Black and White? receives international acclaim!
-
2017
- August 19: Gala opening of our new Hue/Saturation and Brightness café.


mDevCoinExchange is a simulation of a cryptocurrency market. We have created three coins: Android Dev Coin (ADC), iOS Dev Coin (IDC) and Cross Platform Coin (XPC). You will get some coins after login and more at our partners' booths. The value of the coins will change, you can speculate on their future value and exchange them with others. You can get sweet prizes for your coins worth around 300,000 CZK.
You will find two keys on your badge – an address on the front (4 characters) and a private key on the back (8 characters). Type your private key in the form above to access your coins. Anyone who has your private key can do that. You can password-protect your private key after login to prevent that.
You can earn even more coins by completing tasks at our partners' booths. Each partner has a different coin, a different task and offers a different amount of coins. Go to the booth and ask them about the task. These partners are part of the game:
You can trade with others anonymously on an open market. Create a new offer and when someone accepts the price, coins are transferred.
Trading affects the current price of the coins. Total value of all coins in CZK stays the same, but some coins will get more or less valuable. The current value is calculated as a weighed average from the past 30 minutes of transactions.
You can send your coins to others directly, for example from multiple accounts into one to have a larger market power. You will need the address from their badge. Sending coins privately doesn't affect the coin price.
You can exchange your coins for physical prizes near the registrations. They will be available after lunch. After you type the value of the prize in CZK, it will be subtracted from all your coins evenly based on the current rate. After the transaction is confirmed, the attendant will give you your prize. This works only until prizes run out. You don't have the right to get actual CZK money, it's just a game.
Fake news are affecting everyone, even mobile developers. Fake news can affect the coin prices unexpectedly! Follow channel #mdevcoinexchange on Slack for more details.
If anything doesn't work, contact us at #mdevcoinexchange channel on Slack.
This game was developed by David Vávra (frontend, leadership), Jiří Čadek (backend) and David Ryšánek (graphs, design).


Eric Weinberger
Front-end Developer & Agile TechnologistExperiences
20202016
Senior Interactive Developer
Killer Visual Strategies [formerly Killer Infographics] Seattle, WA- Developed pixel-perfect, responsive websites from designers' Adobe Illustrator files
- Met directly with clients to determine their project goals, needs, and tech specs
- Concepted, ideated, and presented recommended solutions with project manager, content writer/editor, and visual designer[s]
- Assisted project managers with projects outsourced to freelance developers
- App: Vue, React, Handlebars
- Style: SCSS/Sass, Bootstrap, Tailwind
- Chart: Chart.js, D3.js
- Move: Greensock/GSAP, ScrollMagic, Lottie/BodyMovin, Velocity.js, anime.js
- Data: .csv, .json, Google Sheets, Firebase Realtime Database
- Build: Webpack, Gulp, Vue CLI, create-react-app
- Host: Netlify, Firebase, surge.sh, WP Engine
20162012
Solutions Engineer
ProKarma [formerly Mantis Technology Group] Redmond, WA- Pulse Analytics product team - a social media monitoring tool focused on sentiment analysis to promote customer engagement including correlating public opinion to advertising efforts
- Internal operations and support for sales and development teams – set up demos, tested new code, wrote bug reports and feature requests, produced customer-facing documentation, practiced agile development methodologies including sprint, kanban, scrum
- Provided customer support for prospective and paying customers via phone, email and screen sharing
- MySQL, MS SQL, SAP Business Objects, .NET Framework, AWS EC2
- UI/UX design with Balsamiq, Sketch, some HTML/CSS
- Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube APIs
Education
20112013
B.A. in Media and Communication Studies
University of Washington Bothell, WA- 3.67 GPA with coursework centering around graphic design, data visualization, video editing, media analysis
- Quarterly and Annual Dean’s List each quarter and year enrolled
- Speech and Debate – competed in parliamentary debate tournaments


A lookbook inspired by the perennial transformation of the nature which marks the beginning of the beautiful spring,blended perfectly with a rapidly falling dusk...

One more thing... Never forget to carry a bomber jacket for it's not a choice, IT'S A MUST.
The scorching sun on your head but when you still find it impossible to not to spread out your wings and fly, what you do? You rock the pigtails...
Just to let you all know that this is not at all quintessence of those alluring NYFW styles which makes us go in awe of admiration ( Fine, maybe that was bit of a flattering ...
Like those strange days when you are all set to go with your bomber jacket,skinny skirt piece and heels on and then suddenly you have this strong urge not to wear those extra inches ...


Coffee and Collaboration is an app that connects freelancers that want to collaborate on client projects together.
Coffee and Collaboration is an app that connects freelancers that want to collaborate on client projects together.
Business
Needs Developers? Yes
Needs Investors? Yes
Offer to Developer: 15% Equity
Offer to Investors: 25% Equity


Content Preview and Menu Animation
We are Super.fluid
Flowing without any loss of kinetic energy — stir us and we form vortices that continue to rotate indefinitely.
Not all Bose–Einstein condensates can be regarded as superfluids, and not all superfluids are Bose–Einstein condensates.
Velocity
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the storyProjectiles
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the storyGravity
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the storyQuasimodo
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the storyHyperbolic
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the storyGanymede
Incredible as this seems to our ordinary ideas, it is undoubtedly an understatement rather than an exaggeration of the true proportion as observed in the case of koilon.
+ Read the story


 Caution: This data will be gone for good!
If you have connected any wearables we will stop downloading new data, but existing data will remain in your Open Humans account.


Sell, sell, sell to vans drivers and passengers
Place online ad ($10000) on Google and Facebook
But..is it efficient for both drivers and passengers?
Vans business needs branding and promotion. Let's hire a big name PR agency
(Big cost...$30000)
I gonna pitch media on my own to save cost


The Internet is a connection of computers that form a network that allows information to be distributed around the Globe. It is essentially made up of users sitting on their computers with normal screens and mice, and servers, computers that are designed to serve files quickly. The user sends out a request to the sever using HTTP "Hyper Text Transfer Protocol". The server then sends back a file which is generally a HTML "Hyper Text Markup Language" document.
HTML documents form the basis of the internet as we see it on our browsers. They contain text in a language that the browser can convert into the webpages we are familiar with. This text uses Tags which can do simple things, like make text BOLD or Italicized. Or it can insert pictures, or links to other places - Such as this link to Wikipedia.
HTML documents are also broken down in sections which contain different sorts of information. There is the document type(these days generally just "HTML"), the title (The description in the browser title bar) , the header (containing CSS elements and other info), and the body (which is where the main content goes. As explained in this video.
There are 2 basic sorts of Tags (or elements). These are inline and Block
As the name suggests, Inline, means that the tag doesn't interup the line. The text would continue to flow. Bold, Italics, images and links are examples of Inline tags
Block tags on the other hand create blocks of text within them. These paragraphs are written in the block p tags. Div, header and body are also block tags.
Help is just a quick Google search away.
Can't remember how to make text bold? just google, "html make text bold" and the answer will quickly become apparent.
Just focus on learning the higher level information and a deeper understanding of how it all fits together and then you can google the exact syntax of a language if you forget.


DEAR FRIEND, MY NAME IS MRS.LARISA NITSKAYAA,PERSONAL SECRETARY TO MR.BORIS MIKHAIL KHODORKOVSKY,THE ARRESTED CHAIRMAN/CEO OF YUKOS OIL AND BANK MENATEP SPB IN RUSSIA. I HAVE THE DOCUMENTS OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF FUNDS WHICH HE HANDED OVER TO ME BEFORE HE WAS DETAINED AND NOW BEEN TRIED IN RUSSIA FOR FINANCING POLITICAL PARTIES(the Union of Right Forces,led by Boris Nemtsov, and Yabloko, a liberal/social democratic party led by Gregor Yavlinsky) OPPOSED TO THE GOVERNMENT OF MR.VLADMIR PUTIN,THE PRESIDENT THEREBY LEADING TO THE FREEZING OF HIS FINANCES AND ASSETS.AFTER SEARCHING THROUGH THE BOOKS OF YOUR COUNTRY'S CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRIES HERE IN RUSSIA I AM CONTACTING YOU TO ASSIST ME TO RE-PROFILE THE FUNDS AND EQUALLY INVEST SAME ON HIS BEHALF.  YOURS SINCERELY, MRS.LARISA NITSKAYAA NB:YOU CAN READ MORE OF HIS ORDEAL FROM: http://newsfromrussia.com/main/2005/03/29/58914.html http://www.interfax.ru/e/B/politics/28.html?id_issue=11261041 http://www.supportmbk.com http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Mikhail-Khodorkovsky ___________________________________________________________ Book yourself something to look forward to in 2005. Cheap flights - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/flights/ Bargain holidays - http://www.tiscali.co.uk/travel/holidays/


This is where high-fashion clothing is designed and craften from the heart by an amazing team of craftsmen and designers who understand what fashion is.
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Congratulations! You have just won dinner for two at
the highly acclaimed Blue Ginger restaurant in Wellesley, Mass.
In addition to dinner, you will receive an autographed copy of
2
Ming Tsai's book, Blue Ginger. To redeem your prize, go
to our site and enter your prize code (Example:


Equivalent to pressing the Constrain Numeric button. The Constrain Numeric button can be found in the Insert category on the Commands tab (Customize dialog box). The Customize dialog box appears when you choose the Toolbars command from the View menu and then choose the Customize command. Constrains handwriting recognition to numbers and punctuation only. Use this function in a macro to improve the accuracy of handwriting recognition when the user is entering a series of numbers or formulas.
Note This function is only available if you are using Microsoft Windows for Pen Computing.
 If numeric_only is TRUE, only numbers and digits are recognized; if FALSE, all characters are recognized as usual. if numeric_only is omitted, the numeric constraint is toggled.
Remarks
When the numeric constraint is on, Microsoft Excel recognizes only the following symbols:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $ # @ % ( ) - + = { } : < > , ? | .
Tip Use GET.WORKSPACE(45) to make sure you're running Microsoft Windows for Pen Computing.
Return to index


Growing your team can present all sorts of logistical challenges, securing budget, procuring equipment, training and
provisioning to name a few. Let us step in, we have established teams ready to meet your needs.
READY TO WORK
Our teams come fully staffed and equipped. They are ready to be productive members of your team focused on your needs and goals.
CAPABILITIES
Our teams are built on complimentary skill sets, we take experts in their field and combine them with experts in related fields so that they can balance each other out and build each other’s skill sets. Due to this collaboration our teams can be as autonomous or as integrated as necessary.


Note:
- You need to install Metamask and have some Eth inside the wallet to set & get variable and transfer ETH.
- The network that is used in this website is Rinkeby network.
- You can receive ETH from Rinkeby Faucet here.
- Each transaction may take between 15-30 seconds, please do wait before clicking Get message/Get result
button again.
- Getting information from blockchain network is free. Setting(adding) information on blockchain do cost some gas.
Etherscan records for this contract
Set and Get message
Set message:
Current message:
TxHash for setMessage():
Number operations
Number 1:
Number 2:
Current result:
TxHash for add():
TxHash for multiply():
Eth transfer
Recipient's wallet address:
Amount (in WEI):
TxHash for transfer():


Appearance
He looks like a fur seal. It has a white color. It looks pretty funny pokemon. He has only front paws, they look like flippers. It has a tail lifted to the top, moreover, similar to a fountain. Hind legs absent. He has a horn on his forehead, two tusks sticking out of his mouth. It belongs to the water type, but does not always live in water. In order for Ciel to gain air, one has to emerge from the water. When the Pokemon is immersed in water, its nostrils are blocked by a special partition so as not to get into the water. Its size is average, but it is quite large in weight. Siil has very thick fur that will protect even from the most severe frosts.


Next:
About this manual
Up:
A Discrete EVent system
Previous:
A Discrete EVent system
Contents
About this manual
Building and Installing
Modeling and simulation with Adevs
Atomic Models
Network Models
Parts of a Network Model
The route method
The getComponents method
Illegal networks
Simulating a Network Model
A complete example of a network model
Digraph Models
Cell Space Models
Variable Structure Models
Building and Simulating Variable Structure Models
A Variable Structure Example
Continuous Models
Differential equation modeling with the ode_system class
Modeling hybrid systems with adevs and OpenModelica
The Simulator Class
Simulation on multi-core computers
Limits of the parallel simulator
Modifying your models to exploit lookahead
Partitioning your model
Partitioning and lookahead
A complete example
Managing memory across thread boundaries
Notes on repeatability and performance
Models with Many Input/Output Types
Alternate types for time
Random Numbers
Interpolation
rotten 2014-02-19


Pokémon Sword & Shield guides and tips
Share this story
by Russ FrushtickThe first console Pokémon RPG is here, and thanks to it being on the Nintendo Switch, you can actually take it with you wherever you go. Pokémon Sword and Shield is set in the brand new Galar region, and features dozens of new ‘mons to catch and train. But it’s no walk in the park. Thankfully we’ve got you covered with a handful of guides, easing you through some of the trickier parts of the game. We’ll detail some of the harder gym battles, and who you should bring with you to battle them. We’ll cover the brand new Wild Area and what it means for catch the strongest Pokémon. We’ll even tell you how to make some awesome curry. Don’t worry, it’s not nearly as intimidating as it sounds. So what are you waiting for? It’s time to jump into the Galar region and start making some lifelong friends!
Start here
Pokémon Sword and Shield guide: Which is the best starter?


This is one of our older stout recipes. It is an extract recipe with grains. It was appropriately bottled on Saint Patricks Day, 1996. I needn't tell you that it was wonderful!
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Telford's Amber Malt Extract | 6.0 lbs. | |
| Alexander's Light Extract | 1.4 lbs. | |
| Roasted Barley | 1.0 lbs. | |
| Chocolate Malt | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Belgian Special-B Malt | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Dark Molasses | 3 Table Spoons | |
| Brewtek Irish Stout Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Columbus Hops (12.4%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
The basics of this recipe are standard extract. Add the pomegranite juice during the secondary fermentation. Scottish Ale Yeast can tolerate more alcohol than other yeasts, so there is no need to use a wine or mead yeast for this barleywine.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Telford's Extra Pale Malt Extract | 12.0 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt 95-115L | 1.0 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt 40L | 1.5 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt 10L | 0.50 lbs. | |
| Fresh Pomegranite Juice | One Gallon | |
| Scottish Ale Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Northern Brewer Hops (8.8%) | 2.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
This is a very standard extract recipe. Ferment cold and Lager at 42 degrees F for one month. It should have had some dextrin malt for that "chewy" bock texture you get off of Salvator's.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| German Gold Malt Extract | 6.0 lbs. | |
| German Dark Malt Extract | 6.0 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt 80L | 1.0 lbs. | |
| German Black Malt | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Bavarian Lager Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Styrian Hops (5.2%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (5.2%) | 1.0 oz. | 40 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (5.2%) | 0.5 oz. | 20 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (5.2%) | 0.5 oz. | 6 minutes |
This is a different version of an British Old Ale, with ingredients from England, Scotland, Canada and the United States. With an OG of 1070, it's on the verge of becoming a barleywine. This also makes a great winter warmer.
You need to do a basic infusion mash for this recipe. Use 4 1/8 gallons strike water at 172F. The mash should settle in at 154F. Mash for one hour, and boil for 90 minutes. We got some chill haze with this one, but that's acceptable for an old ale.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| English Pale Ale Malt | 10.0 lbs. | |
| Canadian Honey Malt | 4.0 lbs. | |
| Scottish Crystal Malt 90L | 2.0 lbs. | |
| Molasses | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Brewtek Classic British Ale Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Columbus Hops (12.4%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (12.4%) | 0.5 oz. | 40 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (12.4%) | 0.5 oz. | 20 minutes |
This barleywine was done in a scottish style. In fact, it's a heavier wee heavy! It has a lot of residual sweetness and heavy maltiness. This is a sipping beer. An award winner.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| British Amber Malt Extract | 12.0 lbs. | |
| Alexander's Light Kicker | 1.4 lbs. | |
| Hugh Baird 50-60L Crystal Malt | 1.0 lbs. | |
| Brewtek Classic British Ale Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Kent Goldings Hops (4.0%) | 1.5 oz. | 45 minutes |
| Kent Goldings Hops (4.0%) | 1.0 oz. | 20 minutes |
| Irish Moss | 1.0 tsp. | 20 minutes |
At the start of the boil, put the kicker extract into a seperate pot with one gallon of water and boil separately. At the end of the hour, the separate boil should have thickened considerably to a syrup. Add this back to the main boil. This separate boil causes caramelization, and adds a great complexity to the malt flavor. Scotch ales also have this character, since Scottish brewers started their boil just as soon as the bottom of the kettle was covered with the first runnings.
This is a mash recipe, as you can't get the unique character of Vienna and Munich malts from an extract. It must also be lagered. This is a wonderfully malty brew worthy of beirgartens and hofbraus.
This is mashed with a step infusion. You can also use a single decoction. The first rest is at 122 degrees F for 20 minutes. The second rest is at 147 degrees F for 60 minutes. After the secondary fermentation, which can take quite a while, lager the beer at 40 to 45 degrees for one month.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| American Two-Row Lager Malt | 2.0 lbs. | |
| Vienna Malt | 5.0 lbs. | |
| Munich Malt | 5.0 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt, 40L | 1.0 lbs. | |
| Bavarian Lager Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 50 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 40 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 30 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 20 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (3.3%) | 0.5 oz. | 10 minutes |
Nothing unusual about this recipe. It's a standard extract beer. One could increase the chocolate malt to one pound for a blacker, more roasty beer, or change the black patent to roasted barley for a stout-like porter. I wanted a London type ale yeast, but the homebrew store was out, and the Scottish yeast looked interesting. It gives it a great malty flavor
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Telford's Extra Light Malt Extract | 6.0 lbs. | |
| Alexander's Light Malt Extract | 1.4 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt, 90L | 0.75 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt, 40L | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Chocolate Malt | 0.75 lbs. | |
| Black Patent Malt | 0.25 lbs. | |
| Wyeast's Scottish Ale Yeast | 1 Smack Pack | |
| Columbus Hops (12.8%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (12.8%) | 0.5 oz. | 20 minutes |
| Columbus Hops (12.8%) | 0.5 oz. | 10 minutes |
An all grain brew. Use an infusion mash with a rest of 155 F, and boil for one half hour before adding your first hops. There is no dry-hopping, but by all means, feel free to do so. IPA's are perfect for hopheads, so go hop away. This IPA has a wonderful orange-gold color. By the way, this was our first mash, done up in May 1996.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Hugh-Baird Pale Ale Malt | 10.0 lbs. | |
| Hugh-Baird 50-60L Crystal Malt | 1.0 lb. | |
| Brewtek American Micro II Yeast Slant | 1 starter | |
| Burton Salts | 1.0 tsp. | |
| Columbus Hops (12.4%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Centennial Hops (9.9%) | 1.0 oz. | 30 minutes |
| Cascade Hops (5.4%) | 1.0 oz. | 2 minutes |
Before we made our first real lager, we went half-way with a steam beer. Also known as a California common beer, it is fermented with a lager yeast, but at ale temperatures. Ferment at 55 degrees F, and lager for month at 45 F. This was mashed with a single infusion, as above.
| Ingredients (Five Gallons) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Klages Malt | 9.5 lbs. | |
| Dextrine Malt | 0.5 lbs. | |
| Munich Malt | 0.5 lbs. | |
| Crystal Malt, 60L | 0.75 lbs. | |
| Brewtek California Gold Yeast | 1 Starter | |
| Northern Brewer Hops (9.0%) | 1.0 oz. | 60 minutes |
| Northern Brewer Hops (9.0%) | 0.5 oz. | 45 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (4.5%) | 0.5 oz. | 20 minutes |
| Liberty Hops (4.5%) | 0.5 oz. | 2 minutes |
©David Johnson, Stephen Lowrie, 1997 - 2008
Permission is given to freely copy and redistribute this
document.


Man pleads guilty to fentanyl trafficking charge
by EndPlayCONCORD, N.H. (AP) - A Massachusetts man has pleaded guilty in federal court in New Hampshire to a fentanyl trafficking charge.
Court documents say 28-year-old Yerfinson Gomez, of Lawrence, was identified in January as a member of a group distributing the drug. In March, Gomez met an undercover officer in Methuen, Massachusetts, and sold him 60 grams of fentanyl. A similar transaction happened about a week later.
Prosecutors said a week after that, Gomez provided a runner with at least 120 grams of fentanyl, some of which was sold to an undercover officer in Manchester, New Hampshire. The runner delivered the cash from the sale to Gomez in Methuen, and Gomez gave the runner some fentanyl as payment. Gomez was arrested shortly afterward.
Gomez is scheduled to be sentenced on March 27.


It's not DNSThere's no way it's DNSIt was DNS-- A troubleshooting haikuhttps://t.co/brgEflxBRB— Ryan Scott Brown (@ryan_sb) August 10, 2016
It's not DNSThere's no way it's DNSIt was DNS-- A troubleshooting haikuhttps://t.co/brgEflxBRB


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RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests
Tests
| Test |
Duration |
Result |
| fluxPart() |
0.034s |
passed |
| fluxPartNotRequired() |
0.024s |
passed |
| fluxPerson() |
0.031s |
passed |
| fluxPersonNotRequired() |
0.018s |
passed |
| listPart() |
0.024s |
passed |
| listPartNotRequired() |
0.017s |
passed |
| listPerson() |
0.028s |
passed |
| listPersonNotRequired() |
0.025s |
passed |
| monoPart() |
0.018s |
passed |
| monoPartNotRequired() |
0.023s |
passed |
| monoPerson() |
0.025s |
passed |
| monoPersonNotRequired() |
0.027s |
passed |
| part() |
0.018s |
passed |
| partNotRequired() |
0.017s |
passed |
| partRequired() |
0.018s |
passed |
| person() |
0.020s |
passed |
| personNotRequired() |
0.018s |
passed |
| personRequired() |
0.017s |
passed |
| supportsParameter() |
0.036s |
passed |
Standard output
12:33:27.478 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.488 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [77d8789e] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.501 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.510 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [50a76c01] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.527 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.532 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [36988a20] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.544 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.550 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [dfa288a] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.564 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.569 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [2e362dbf] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.581 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.588 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [516b2221] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.592 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.592 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.596 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.599 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [516b2221] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]
12:33:27.599 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.599 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.599 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [516b2221] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.600 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [516b2221] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]
12:33:27.613 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.619 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [23f45bc7] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.619 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [23f45bc7] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.619 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [23f45bc7] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.619 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [23f45bc7] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.620 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [23f45bc7] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]
12:33:27.632 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.637 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [3445c077] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.651 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.656 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [763d5da] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.669 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.675 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [6c89c92] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.687 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.692 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [584849be] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.704 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.710 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [42947cb8] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.725 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.733 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [5b40ac35] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.753 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.760 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [19ae97c3] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.760 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.760 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.761 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.761 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [19ae97c3] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]
12:33:27.761 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.762 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.762 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [19ae97c3] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.762 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [19ae97c3] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]
12:33:27.782 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.790 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [51234421] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.808 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.815 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [7cccb08c] Parsed parts [] (content masked)
12:33:27.832 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.839 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [3705f178] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.894 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageWriter - Encoding parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.900 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.m.MultipartHttpMessageReader - [14bb5264] Parsed parts [name] (content masked)
12:33:27.900 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [14bb5264] Decoding part 'name'
12:33:27.900 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [14bb5264] Content-Type:application/json
12:33:27.900 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.w.r.r.m.a.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver - [14bb5264] 0..1 [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Person]
12:33:27.901 [Test worker] DEBUG o.s.h.c.j.Jackson2JsonDecoder - [14bb5264] Decoded [org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestPartMethodArgumentResolverTests$Per (truncated)...]


Rating component is a star based selection input.
Two-way value binding is defined using ngModel.
Defining a default value would be enough to display the initial number of selected stars.
Rating can be used in a model driven form as well.
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| stars | number | 5 | Number of stars. |
| cancel | boolean | true | When specified a cancel icon is displayed to allow removing the value. |
| disabled | boolean | false | When present, it specifies that the element should be disabled. |
| readonly | boolean | false | When present, changing the value is not possible. |
| iconOnClass | string | pi pi-star-fill | Style class of the on icon. |
| iconOffClass | string | pi pi-star-fill | Style class of the off icon. |
| iconCancelClass | string | pi pi-ban | Style class of the cancel icon. |
| iconOnStyle | object | null | Inline style of the on icon. |
| iconOffStyle | object | null | Inline style of the off icon. |
| iconCancelStyle | object | null | Inline style of the cancel icon. |
| Name | Parameters | Description |
|---|---|---|
| onRate | event.originalEvent: browser event event.value: selected value |
Callback to invoke on rate change. |
| onCancel | event: browser event | Callback to invoke when value is removed. |
Following is the list of structural style classes, for theming classes visit theming page.
| Name | Element |
|---|---|
| p-rating | Container element |
| p-rating-star | Star element |
| p-rating-star-on | Selected star element. |
| p-rating-cancel | Cancel icon. |
None.


In [1]: import pandas as pd
This tutorial uses the titanic data set, stored as CSV. The data consists of the following data columns:
PassengerId: Id of every passenger.
Survived: This feature have value 0 and 1. 0 for not survived and 1 for survived.
Pclass: There are 3 classes: Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3.
Name: Name of passenger.
Sex: Gender of passenger.
Age: Age of passenger.
SibSp: Indication that passenger have siblings and spouse.
Parch: Whether a passenger is alone or have family.
Ticket: Ticket number of passenger.
Fare: Indicating the fare.
Cabin: The cabin of passenger.
Embarked: The embarked category.
In [2]: titanic = pd.read_csv("data/titanic.csv") In [3]: titanic.head() Out[3]: PassengerId Survived Pclass ... Fare Cabin Embarked 0 1 0 3 ... 7.2500 NaN S 1 2 1 1 ... 71.2833 C85 C 2 3 1 3 ... 7.9250 NaN S 3 4 1 1 ... 53.1000 C123 S 4 5 0 3 ... 8.0500 NaN S [5 rows x 12 columns]
Make all name characters lowercase
In [4]: titanic["Name"].str.lower() Out[4]: 0 braund, mr. owen harris 1 cumings, mrs. john bradley (florence briggs th... 2 heikkinen, miss. laina 3 futrelle, mrs. jacques heath (lily may peel) 4 allen, mr. william henry ... 886 montvila, rev. juozas 887 graham, miss. margaret edith 888 johnston, miss. catherine helen "carrie" 889 behr, mr. karl howell 890 dooley, mr. patrick Name: Name, Length: 891, dtype: object
To make each of the strings in the Name column lowercase, select the Name column (see tutorial on selection of data), add the str accessor and apply the lower method. As such, each of the strings is converted element wise.
Name
str
lower
Similar to datetime objects in the time series tutorial having a dt accessor, a number of specialized string methods are available when using the str accessor. These methods have in general matching names with the equivalent built-in string methods for single elements, but are applied element-wise (remember element wise calculations?) on each of the values of the columns.
dt
Create a new column Surname that contains the surname of the Passengers by extracting the part before the comma.
Surname
In [5]: titanic["Name"].str.split(",") Out[5]: 0 [Braund, Mr. Owen Harris] 1 [Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs ... 2 [Heikkinen, Miss. Laina] 3 [Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)] 4 [Allen, Mr. William Henry] ... 886 [Montvila, Rev. Juozas] 887 [Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith] 888 [Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"] 889 [Behr, Mr. Karl Howell] 890 [Dooley, Mr. Patrick] Name: Name, Length: 891, dtype: object
Using the split method, each of the values is returned as a list of 2 elements. The first element is the part before the comma and the second element the part after the comma.
split
In [6]: titanic["Surname"] = titanic["Name"].str.split(",").str.get(0) In [7]: titanic["Surname"] Out[7]: 0 Braund 1 Cumings 2 Heikkinen 3 Futrelle 4 Allen ... 886 Montvila 887 Graham 888 Johnston 889 Behr 890 Dooley Name: Surname, Length: 891, dtype: object
As we are only interested in the first part representing the surname (element 0), we can again use the str accessor and apply get to extract the relevant part. Indeed, these string functions can be concatenated to combine multiple functions at once!
get
More information on extracting parts of strings is available in Splitting and replacing strings.
Extract the passenger data about the Countess on board of the Titanic.
In [8]: titanic["Name"].str.contains("Countess") Out[8]: 0 False 1 False 2 False 3 False 4 False ... 886 False 887 False 888 False 889 False 890 False Name: Name, Length: 891, dtype: bool
In [9]: titanic[titanic["Name"].str.contains("Countess")] Out[9]: PassengerId Survived Pclass ... Cabin Embarked Surname 759 760 1 1 ... B77 S Rothes [1 rows x 13 columns]
(Interested in her story? SeeWikipedia!)
The string method contains checks for each of the values in the column Name if the string contains the word Countess and returns for each of the values True (Countess is part of the name) of False (Countess is notpart of the name). This output can be used to subselect the data using conditional (boolean) indexing introduced in the subsetting of data tutorial. As there was only 1 Countess on the Titanic, we get one row as a result.
contains
Countess
True
False
Note
More powerful extractions on strings is supported, as the contains and extract methods accepts regular expressions, but out of scope of this tutorial.
extract
More information on extracting parts of strings is available in Extract first match in each subject (extract).
Which passenger of the titanic has the longest name?
In [10]: titanic["Name"].str.len() Out[10]: 0 23 1 51 2 22 3 44 4 24 .. 886 21 887 28 888 40 889 21 890 19 Name: Name, Length: 891, dtype: int64
To get the longest name we first have to get the lenghts of each of the names in the Name column. By using pandas string methods, the len function is applied to each of the names individually (element-wise).
len
In [11]: titanic["Name"].str.len().idxmax() Out[11]: 307
Next, we need to get the corresponding location, preferably the index label, in the table for which the name length is the largest. The idxmax method does exactly that. It is not a string method and is applied to integers, so no str is used.
idxmax
In [12]: titanic.loc[titanic["Name"].str.len().idxmax(), "Name"] Out[12]: 'Penasco y Castellana, Mrs. Victor de Satode (Maria Josefa Perez de Soto y Vallejo)'
Based on the index name of the row (307) and the column (Name), we can do a selection using the loc operator, introduced in the tutorial on subsetting.
307
loc
In the ‘Sex’ columns, replace values of ‘male’ by ‘M’ and all ‘female’ values by ‘F’
In [13]: titanic["Sex_short"] = titanic["Sex"].replace({"male": "M", ....: "female": "F"}) ....: In [14]: titanic["Sex_short"] Out[14]: 0 M 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 M .. 886 M 887 F 888 F 889 M 890 M Name: Sex_short, Length: 891, dtype: object
Whereas replace is not a string method, it provides a convenient way to use mappings or vocabularies to translate certain values. It requires a dictionary to define the mapping {from : to}.
replace
dictionary
{from : to}
Warning
There is also a str.replace methods available to replace a specific set of characters. However, when having a mapping of multiple values, this would become:
str.replace
titanic["Sex_short"] = titanic["Sex"].str.replace("female", "F") titanic["Sex_short"] = titanic["Sex_short"].str.replace("male", "M")
This would become cumbersome and easily lead to mistakes. Just think (or try out yourself) what would happen if those two statements are applied in the opposite order…
String methods are available using the str accessor.
String methods work element wise and can be used for conditional indexing.
The replace method is a convenient method to convert values according to a given dictionary.
More information on string methods is given in Working with text data.


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Commons IO uses Maven or Ant as a build system.
You may also be interested in the upgrade notes:
Upgrade from 1.3, or 1.3.1 to 1.3.2
Upgrade from 1.3 to 1.3.1
Upgrade from 1.2 to 1.3
Upgrade from 1.1 to 1.2
Upgrade from 1.0 to 1.1
To build a jar file, change into IO's root directory and run "maven jar". The result will be in the "target" subdirectory.
To build the Javadocs, run "maven javadoc". The result will be in "target/docs/apidocs".
To build the full website, run "maven site". The result will be in "target/docs". You must be online and using JDK 1.4 or higher to successfully complete this target.
Further details can be found in the commons build instructions.
To build a jar file, change into IO's root directory and run "ant jar". The result will be in the "build" subdirectory.
To build the Javadocs, run "ant javadoc". The result will be in "build/dist-build".


Classes (Hierarchy) |
| ClipType | IntPoint | long64 | Polygons |
| ExPolygon | IntRect | PolyFillType | PolyType |
| ExPolygons | JoinType | Polygon |
| Area | OffsetPolygons | Orientation |
| ClipperLib |
Copyright ©2010-2011 Angus Johnson - Clipper version 4.6.3 - Help file built on 11-November-2011


ARFIMA, in-mean, external regressors and various GARCH flavors, with methods for fit, forecast, simulation, inference and plotting.
| Version: |
1.4-0 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 3.0.2), methods, parallel |
| Imports: |
Rsolnp, nloptr, ks, numDeriv, spd, xts, zoo, chron, SkewHyperbolic, expm, Rcpp, graphics, stats, grDevices, utils |
| LinkingTo: |
Rcpp (≥ 0.10.6), RcppArmadillo (≥ 0.2.34) |
| Published: |
2018-02-04 |
| Author: |
Alexios Ghalanos [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: |
Alexios Ghalanos <alexios at 4dscape.com> |
| License: |
GPL-3 |
| Copyright: |
see file COPYRIGHTS |
| URL: |
http://www.unstarched.net, https://bitbucket.org/alexiosg |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| Citation: |
rugarch citation info |
| Materials: |
README ChangeLog |
| In views: |
Finance, TimeSeries |
| CRAN checks: |
rugarch results |


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|
Bionic Arm Ver.1
1.0.0
|
Dynamic Information. More...
#include <PropertyDefinition.h>
Public Attributes | |
| double | mass_kg |
| double | Ixx_kgm2 |
| double | Iyy_kgm2 |
| double | Izz_kgm2 |
| double | Ixy_kgm2 |
| double | Iyz_kgm2 |
| double | Izx_kgm2 |
| double | CoM_x |
| double | CoM_y |
| double | CoM_z |
Dynamic Information.
| double robot_dynamic_info::CoM_x |
x direction CoM in m
| double robot_dynamic_info::CoM_y |
y direction CoM in m
| double robot_dynamic_info::CoM_z |
z direction CoM in m
| double robot_dynamic_info::Ixx_kgm2 |
xx direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::Ixy_kgm2 |
yy direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::Iyy_kgm2 |
xy direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::Iyz_kgm2 |
yz direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::Izx_kgm2 |
zz direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::Izz_kgm2 |
xz direction inertia in kgm^2
| double robot_dynamic_info::mass_kg |
mass of each link in kg