A FAMILY THING A film review by Edwin Jahiel Copyright 1996 Edwin Jahiel
A FAMILY THING *** 1/2. Directed by Richard Pearce. Written by Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson. Photography, Fred Murphy. Editing, Mark Warner. Production design Linda DeScenna. Music, Charles Gross. Produced by Robert Duvall, Todd Black, Randa Haines. Cast: Robert Duvall (Earl), James Earl Jones (Ray), Michael Beach (Virgil), Irma P. Hall (Aunt T.), David Keith (Sonny), Grace Zabriskie (Ruby), Regina Taylor (Ann), Mary Jackson (Carrie), Paula Marshall (Karen), James Harrell (Earl, Sr.),Patrice Pitman Quinn (Willa Mae), et al. A United Artists release. 109 minutes. Rated PG-13.
Do you remember "Pinky" (1949) or the 1934 and 1959 "Imitation of Life," both filmizations of a Fannie Hurst novel? Do you remember what dramas or tragedies resulted in those movies where a black girl passed for white?
We've come a long way since, but not all the way, as "A Family Thing" shows. The film' s acting is unarguably superb. The story is gripping. The direction is warm without corniness, serious without preachiness, theatricality or sensationalism.
Earl Pilcher, Jr. (Robert Duvall) has a small business in his rural Arkansas town. From our brief initial look, the place, though not romanticized, feels like one that must be good to live in, at least if you're white.
Earl's old mother dies, in an unusually realistic scene. A couple of days later Earl is handed a posthumous letter, in which Mrs. Pilcher reveals a big secret. Back in the early Thirties, she was the friend--but only inside the house--of her black domestic help. Young Willa Mae, who already had a son, one day turned out to be pregnant by Mr. Pilcher. She died giving birth to a very Caucasian-looking boy whom the Pilchers passed as their biological child Earl,Jr.
Now over 60, with a wife, two grownup children, a father whom he employs and treats lovingly, and an essentially uncomplicated life, Earl is stunned. How will this man's heart and mind deal with the revelation?
In her letter, the defunct lady urges him to get to know the black half-brother he never knew he had. The reeling Earl confronts now penitent Earl,Sr. in a scene made all the more effective by its avoidance of high-voltage dramatics. Later, in a fine-tuned cut, sleepless Earl goes from his bed to his shop's trash can to retrieve the crumpled letter.
With few clues, he abruptly takes off for Chicago in his pickup truck to track down his brother Ray (James Earl Jones), a cop, and succeeds. Following an awkward and far from kiss-kiss reunion (Earl was no surprise to Ray), Earl starts back for Arkansas.
In a plausible development the hospital people contact Ray, deliver the wounded man to the policeman who most reluctantly accepts to look after him for one day. He takes him to his home ("we have a niggertown in the North too"), in which are crowded widower Ray's son Virgil (Michael Beach) a city bus driver, and Willa Mae's sister, the now blind Aunt T.(Irma P. Hall).
Ray and Virgil don't exactly warm up to Earl, but Aunt T. does. She is an authentic character, as sharp as a samurai's blade. She cannot see skin color and diferences, dispenses matriarchal authority and wise comments that are deciding factors for future relations.
Expectedly yet fascinatingly, events change the brothers' initial antagonism gradually change to rapprochement and to Earl's tentative understanding of "the others." It's done without the expected cliche's, sentimental drivel or cookie-cutter progressions. Instead we get an intelligent, sensitive, believable approach.
Less believable is how the senior Pilcher couple managed to present baby Earl as their own to their small community. But then, I was so engrossed by the film that I may have missed something. I still wonder, though.
There's also the matter of Earl's "whiteness," especially when you think of Duvall in palefaced roles like Tom, the Irish-American Consigliere to the "Godfather"'s Corleone clan. Then again, a geneticist would say that the unusual is not the impossible.
The acting by the Duvall-Jones-Hall trio is right on the button and most moving. Little-familiar Hall is a revelation. The amazing variety of convincing roles Duvall and Jones have held is too rich to list. Let cinephiles check their files.
Here, while ever consistent with their personalities, the three lead portrayals are never obvious, yet they cover a large spectrum of emotions and reactions. A homily delivered by Earl to chip-on-his-shoulder Virgil might have been sententious. It is affecting instead. Secondary characters are drawn with deft economy.
The credit to the performers ought not to obscure the contribution of the scriptwriter team (their 1962 "One False Move" was excellent) or of director Richard Pearce
Pearce, a cinematographer in major movies ("Woodstock," " Hearts and Minds," etc.), debuted in direction with the marvelous "Heartland." He went on to make, among others, such unusually good films as "Threshold," "Country," (with Jessica Lange), or the little-seen "The Long Walk Home," (Whoopi Goldberg and Sissy Spacek).
He brings to his work his camera experience, an eye for sets and textures and a first-rate selection of scenarios. Above all, this educated Californian (English at Yale, Political Econmics at the New School for Social Research), has genuine perceptions, sympathy and empathy for his subjects.
"A Family Thing" is beautifully detailed, pulls no punches, doesn't impose political correctness. Chicago blacks are Earl's hijackers and muggers. Later, others try the same stunt on Ray, in a delicious scene reminiscent of "Lethal Weapon." (The movie is not without humor that comes naturally).
In the black area, Earl witnesses affluence and misery as he attempts drunkenly to begin coming to terms with his negritude. Ray's apartment is so tight that surly Virgil, resenting Earl being given "my couch," has to sleep inside the bathtub. Yet Ray drives a shiny late-model car, which makes the home situation less a comment on income than on housing and ghettoizing.
 In a structure of discreet yet telling parallels, a train passes by Earl's Arkansas house and an El by Ray's. Not too incidentally either, we get a depressing view of big city hospital overcrowding.
There's no true closure to this film. It is after the brothers visit their mother's grave and the movie ends that the really hard part for Earl will come. In Chicago, he was in a foreign culture. Adapting was relatively easy. In Arkansas he'll have to deal with family and friends within their (and his) own rural culture. Who knows what will develop. Perhaps a sequel?
The movie is easily as touching as "Mr. Holland's Opus." Neither feelgood nor uplifting, it is stirring and thought-provoking. All this without your ever looking at your watch while the film is running.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Serbia confident Djokovic will be fit for Davis Cup
by AGENCE FRANCE PRESSEMADRID, Spain, Nov 17 – Serbia’s Davis Cup captain Nenad Zimonjic was optimistic on Sunday that world number two Novak Djokovic will be fit to play in this week’s new look Davis Cup in Madrid.

“Everything seems okay now,” said Zimonjic.
“He will have his first practice since that match today (Sunday) so we’ll find out. As of now, eveything is okay.”
Djokovic suffered a shoulder problem at the US Open in September but recovered from it to win in Tokyo and Paris.
“I think it’s going to be enough time for him to prepare for our first match which is going to be on Wednesday,” said Zimonjic.
Serbia open their campaign against Japan on Wednesday morning before meeting France in their second group match 24 hours later.
The Davis Cup’s new 18-team format has replaced the former World Group.
The nations have been split into six three-team groups, with the winners and two best runners-up advancing to the quarter-finals.
(Visited 4 times, 4 visits today)


Attention-grabbing graphic design to promote your organization, company, or non-profit cause.
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See What I Can DoAwesome logos to wow your audience.
Resumes, invitations, and more to get heads turning.
Websites are experiences: I create magical ones.
Count on me to provide you with a great freelance experience.
Feel free to call, text, or email if you're interested in discussing my design services.
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3D Printer Files
All of our 3D files can be found on in our github repository here:
Servo Mounts
Servo mount files that were provided were edited to give the robot some more height. We extended the part and added an extra set of holes to elevate the robot.
Sensor Holders
We made a line sensor holder to keep all the line sensors at the same height above the ground. This made finding the thresholds between white and black surfaces much easier.
Printed Circuit Board
To help simplify some of the circuitry, we decided to make a PCB. We were planning on making an Arduino shield; first, we would make one for the microphone circuitry and then we were going to make additional ones for the multiplexer, which was used to connect more analog sensors. The board layout of the first shield is shown below:
As labeled in the picture, there are 4 elements that were on this board: A - the IR circuit detecter, B - the Microphone its amplfier and filter circuit, C - leds for debugging and D - breakout pins for the sensor schematic.
We were ultimately unable to use this board as when we were soldering the pins to it. Some solder got on some of the copper on the top of the board and shorted out 2 pins and the two traces near it. We attempted to remove it using copper braid and the desoldering pump and even tried cutting the trace, but decided that short of using wires to connect the traces after cutting the shorted sections out, we would not actually be able to ust the PCB.
Threshold Helper Code
Throughout the course of this lab, we encounted the issue that the values of the line sensor would change everytime we upload new code, or change the portable battery. In response, we decided to make a semi-automated threshold value finder code that would take samples of values of the white sensor value, black sensor value, and calculate an intermidiate threshold value for each line sensor.
Below is our threshold helper code:


System Architect Symbol details for "Event"
Activity (Class)
- Child Diagrams:
-
Activity (
OMT Object Model)
Description:
Purposeful and intentional "Event"
Comment:
Previous documented definitions providing the source for the above are:
An exertion of energy initiated by an "Agent" (CBS v2) - this definition is followed by a definition
of its subtypes.
Conscious, directed and purposeful exertion of energy.
"Event" occurring through the volition of an "Agent".
Definitions Used:
Quantity (Class Attribute)
Agent (Class)
- Description:
-
Role of a subject enabling it to act purposefully.
- Comment:
-
CBS V2: - A role of a "Subject" which indicates that it has power to act
This is a role which may be played by a "Subject". Sometimes, an "Agent" may be created in order to
assemble a set of responsibilities and authorities prior to a specific "Subject" being identified
and allocated to it.
For purposes of creating an "Authorising Act", an "Agent" may actually be a group of individuals -
for example when joint responsibility is being taken for some decision, as in a clinical case
conference. In such a case the details of the group are taken care of by "Subject" and "Inter
Subject Relationship".
Examples of "Agent":
Dr Smithers within NHS XYZ Trust,
Ms J.Doe in the HXT Pathology laboratory.
A better understanding of the types of "Agent" can be gained from examination of its subtypes.
Event (Class)
- Description:
Something which happens.
Event/Essential Type (Generalization Node)
- Base Class:
Event
- Definitions Used:
-
Event (Class)
Incident (Class)
- Child Diagrams:
-
Incident (
OMT Object Model)
- Description:
"Event" occurring without known volition.
- Comment:
-
The word "known" should be emphasised; many events which are perceived as incidents (eg terrorist
bombs) are in fact activities when viewed from a different perspective. It's all to do with where
you are sitting.
The definition above, as for others, has been distilled from what has been suggested in the past,
including:
A distinct or definite occurrence. An event (sic) (CBS v2).
"Event" occurring without volition (of an "Agent").
Unintentional occurrence.
Percept (Class)
- Description:
"Object" perceived or inferred to have physical existence.
Percept/Essential Type (Generalization Node)
- Base Class:
Percept
- Definitions Used:
-
Percept (Class)
Reference Point (Class)
- Description:
Point or piece of time or space.
- Comment:
-
Previous documented definitions providing the source for the above are:
Point in time or space (derived from CBS V2).
Subject (Class)
- Description:
"Percept" consisting of one or more persistent physical objects.
- Comment:
-
The definition above, as for others, has been distilled from what has been suggested in the past,
including:
The "Object" of interest to an "Agent" (CBS v2).
One or a collection of physical objects.
"Percept" which is a physical object and / or a collection of physical objects.
Persistent perceivable object.
Extension of one or more "Concepts" which is perceived or inferred to exist in the universe.


Lessons From Science Fiction and Fantasy
EN 425
Transferring Ideas
Websites Steal
Mathematics
Graphic Design
Journalism
Websites are Science Fiction
Websites are a Fantasy
Dresden Files
In the phone book under Wizard
Norse Mythology
Celtic Mythology
Christian Mythology
WordPress
===
Star Trek Universe
United Federation of Planets
WordPress Bill Of Rights
BORG
Ferengi
Klingons
Piloting a starship
Enterprise Vs. Millennium Falcon
Do Or Do Not.  Don’t trust them
Starship Troopers
Citizenship
Citizenship in an open source world
Responsibilities
If You see Something, Say Something
Report Bugs
Write Reviews
Doctor Who
Time and Space
Daleks
Regenerate your style
Bowties Are Cool
Named must your fear be before banish it you can.

Aaron Jorbin
aaron.jorb.in
@aaronjorbin


Version 1.0.5 by Volodymyr Volynets
- Documentation
- Enhancement #1240 (File/image fragment, delete fragment.)
Repository / Git:
Name: Numbers\Documentation
Title: Documentation Repository
Version: 1.0.4
Last Tag: 1.0.4
User Name: Volodymyr Volynets
User Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Statistics:
Addition: 419
Deletion: 16
Modules:
D/N Documentation (Numbers\Documentation\Documentation, 1.0.4) | 419 16
10 1 | Documentation/Controller/Repository/Pages.php
1 0 | Documentation/Form/Repositories.php
8 7 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/PagesTree.php
55 4 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/PagesView.php
47 0 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/SubflowFragmentDelete.php
7 0 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/SubflowFragmentFileEdit.php
107 0 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/SubflowFragmentFileNew.php
89 0 | Documentation/Form/Repository/Page/SubflowFragmentFileTranslate.php
59 0 | Documentation/Helper/Renderer/Fragments.php
3 1 | Documentation/Helper/Renderer/Titles.php
4 1 | Documentation/Media/CSS/CollectionPages.css
7 0 | Documentation/Model/Repositories.php
10 0 | Documentation/Model/Repository/Version/Page/Fragment/Translations.php
2 2 | Documentation/Model/Repository/Version/Page/Fragment/Types.php
10 0 | Documentation/Model/Repository/Version/Page/Fragments.php


library(lists)
This library module provides operations on lists. Exported predicates:
select(
?Element,
?Set,
?Residue)
selectchk(
+Element,
+Set,
?Residue)
select/3
what memberchk/2
is to member/2
. That is, it locates
the first occurrence of Element in Set, and deletes it, giving Residue.
It is steadfast in Residue.
append(
+ListOfLists,
-List)
append(
?Prefix,
?Tail1,
?List1,
?Tail2,
?List2)
append(
Prefix,
Tail1,
List1)
and append(
Prefix,
Tail2,
List2)
are both true. You could call append/3
twice, but that is order-
dependent. This will terminate if Prefix is a proper list or if
either List1 or List2 is a proper list.
correspond(
?X,
?Xlist,
?Ylist,
?Y)
select/4
.
delete(
+List,
+Kill,
-Residue)
select(
Kill,
List,
Residue)
.
If List is not proper, delete/3
will fail. Kill and the elements of
List should be sufficiently instantiated for \=
to be sound.
delete(
+List,
+Kill,
+Count,
-Residue)
delete/4
may fail. Kill and the elements of
List should be sufficiently instantiated for \=
to be sound.
is_list(
+List)
keys_and_values(
?[K1-V1,...,Kn-Vn],
?[K1,...,Kn],
?[V1,...,Vn])
keysort/2
wants and
produces) into separate lists of Keys and of Values. It may just as
well be used for building a list of pairs from a pair of lists. In
fact one usually wants just the keys or just the values, but you can
supply _
as the other argument. For example, suppose you wanted to
sort a list without having duplicates removed. You could do
keys_and_values(RawPairs, RawKeys, _), keysort(RawPairs, OrdPairs), keys_and_values(OrdPairs, OrdKeys, _).
last(
+List,
-Last)
last(L, X) :- append(_, [X], L).
nextto(
?X,
?Y,
+List)
nextto(X, Y, List) :- append(_, [X,Y|_], List).
It may be used to enumerate successive pairs from the list.
List should be proper, otherwise nextto/3
will generate it.
nth0(
?N,
?List,
?Elem)
nth0(0, [H|T], H)
.
Either N should be an integer, or List should be proper.
nth1(
?N,
?List,
?Element)
nth1(1, [H|T], H)
.
This is just like nth0/3
except that it counts from 1 instead of 0.
Either N should be an integer, or List should be proper.
nth0(
?N,
?List,
?Elem,
?Rest)
nth0(2, List, c, [a,b,d,e])
unifies List with [a,b,c,d,e]
.
This can be seen as inserting Elem after the Nth element of Rest
if you count from 1 rather than 0.
Either N should be an integer, or List or Rest should be proper.
nth1(
?N,
?List,
?Elem,
?Rest)
nth1(2, List, b, [a,c,d,e])
unifies List with [a,b,c,d,e]
.
Either N should be an integer, or List or Rest should be proper.
one_longer(
?Longer,
?Shorter)
length(Longer,N), length(Shorter,M), succ(M,N)
for some integers M, N. It was
written to make {nth0,nth1}/4
able to find the index, just as
same_length/2
is useful for making things invertible.
perm(
+List,
?Perm)
perm/2
is to generate permutations. You should not use this
predicate in new programs; use permutation/2
instead. List must be
a proper list. Perm may be partly instantiated.
permutation(
?List,
?Perm)
perm/2
, it will work even when List is not a proper list.
It even acts in a marginally sensible way when Perm isn't proper
either, but it will still backtrack forever.
Be careful: this is quite efficient, but the number of permutations of an
N-element list is N!, and even for a 7-element list that is 5040.
perm2(
?A,
?B,
?C,
?D)
proper_length(
+List,
?Length)
remove_dups(
+List,
?Pruned)
reverse(
?List,
?Reversed)
reverse/2
can backtrack forever trying ever
longer lists.
rev(
+List,
?Reversed)
reverse/2
which only works one way around.
Its List argument must be a proper list whatever Reversed is.
You should use reverse/2
in new programs, though rev/2
is
faster when it is safe to use it.
same_length(
?List1,
?List2)
same_length(
?List1,
?List2,
?Length)
select(
?X,
?Xlist,
?Y,
?Ylist)
selectchk(
?X,
+Xlist,
?Y,
+Ylist)
select/4
as memberhck/2
is to member/2
. That is, it finds the
first K such that X unifies with the Kth element of Xlist and Y with
the Kth element of Ylist, and it commits to the bindings thus found.
If you have Keys and Values in "parallel" lists, you can use this to
find the Value associated with a particular Key (much better methods
exist). Except for argument order, this is identical to correspond/4
,
but selectchk/4
is a member of a coherent family. Note that the
arguments are like the arguments of memberchk/2
, twice.
shorter_list(
?Short,
?Long)
subseq(
?Sequence,
?SubSequence,
?Complement)
length(Sequence) = length(SubSequence)+length(Complement)
,
e.g. subseq([1,2,3,4], [1,3,4], [2])
. This was written to generate subsets
and their complements together, but can also be used to interleave two
lists in all possible ways.
subseq0(
+Sequence,
?SubSequence)
subseq0([a,b], [a,b])
is true as well
as subseq0([a,b], [a])
. Sequence must be a proper list, since
there are infinitely many lists with a given SubSequence.
?- setof(X, subseq0([a,b,c],X), Xs). Xs = [[],[a],[a,b],[a,b,c],[a,c],[b],[b,c],[c]] ?- bagof(X, subseq0([a,b,c,d],X), Xs). Xs = [[a,b,c,d],[b,c,d],[c,d],[d],[],[c],[b,d],[b],[b,c],[a,c,d], [a,d],[a],[a,c],[a,b,d],[a,b],[a,b,c]]
subseq1(
+Sequence,
?SubSequence)
sumlist(
+Numbers,
?Total)
transpose(
?X,
?Y)
append_length(
?Prefix,
?Suffix,
?List,
?Length)
append(Prefix, Suffix, List), length(Prefix, Length).
The normal use of this is to split a List into a Prefix of
a given Length and the corresponding Suffix, but it can be
used any way around provided that
Length is instantiated, or
Prefix is a proper list, or
List is a proper list.
append_length(
?Suffix,
?List,
?Length)
append_length(
Prefix,
Suffix,
List,
Length)
is true.
When you don't want to know the Prefix, you should call this
predicate, because it doesn't construct the Prefix argument,
which append_length/4
would do.
prefix_length(
?List,
?Prefix,
?Length)
prefix(List, Prefix) & length(Prefix, Length).
The normal use of this is to find the first Length elements of
a given List, but it can be used any way around provided that
Length is instantiated, or
Prefix is a proper list, or
List is a proper list.
It is identical in effect to append_length(Prefix, _, List, Length)
.
proper_prefix_length(
?List,
?Prefix,
?Length)
proper_prefix(List, Prefix) & length(Prefix, Length).
The normal use of this is to find the first Length elements of
a given List, but it can be used any way around provided that
Length is instantiated, or
Prefix is a proper list, or
List is a proper list.
It is logically equivalent to prefix(Prefix, List, Length), Length > 0
.
suffix_length(
+List,
?Suffix,
?Length)
suffix(List, Suffix) & length(Suffix, Length).
The normal use of this is to return the last Length elements of
a given List. For this to be sure of termination,
List must be a proper list.
If Length is instantiated or Suffix is a proper list, this predicate
is determinate.
proper_suffix_length(
+List,
?Suffix,
?Length)
proper_suffix(List, Suffix) & length(Suffix, Length).
The normal use of this is to return the last Length elements of
a given List. For this to be sure of termination,
List must be a proper list.
If Length is instantiated or Suffix is a proper list, this predicate
is determinate.
rotate_list(
+Amount,
?List,
?Rotated)
append(Prefix, Suffix, List) & append(Suffix, Prefix, Rotated) & ( Amount >= 0 & length(Prefix, Amount) | Amount =< 0 & length(Suffix, Amount) ).
That is to say, List rotated LEFT by Amount is Rotated.
Amount must already be instantiated. As it is a strict input,
it must come first.
rotate_list(
?List,
?Rotated)
rotate_list(1, List, Rotated)
, but is a bit less
heavy-handed.
rotate_list(X, Y)
rotates X left one place yielding Y.
rotate_list(Y, X)
rotates X right one place yielding Y.
Either List or Rotated should be a proper list.
sublist(
+Whole,
?Part,
?Before,
?Length,
?After)
length(
Alpha,
Before)
length(
Part,
Length)
length(
Omega,
After)
cons(
?Head,
?Tail,
?List)
append([Head], Tail, List)
. No restrictions.
last(
?Fore,
?Last,
?List)
append(Fore, [Last], List)
.
Fore or Last should be proper. It is expected that List will
be proper and Fore unbound, but it will work in reverse too.
head(
?List,
?Head)
tail(
?List,
?Tail)
prefix(
?List,
?Prefix)
proper_prefix(
?List,
?Prefix)
suffix(
?List,
?Suffix)
proper_suffix(
?List,
?Suffix)
segment(
?List,
?Segment)
proper_segment(
?List,
?Segment)
segment/2
which is not a solution of proper_segment/2
is segment(List,List)
. So proper_segment/2
has one solution fewer.
cumlist(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn],
?V0,
?[V1,...,Vn])
scanlist/4
does, and returns a list of the results. It terminates
when either list runs out. If Pred is bidirectional, it may be
used to derive [X1...Xn] from V0 and [V1...Vn], e.g.
cumlist(plus, [1,2,3,4], 0, /* -> */ [1,3,6,10])
and
cumlist(plus, [1,1,1,1], /* <- */ 0, [1,2,3,4])
.
maplist(
:Pred,
+List)
maplist(
:Pred,
+OldList,
?NewList)
maplist(
:Pred,
+Xs,
?Ys,
?Zs)
map_product(Pred, Xs, Ys, PredOfProduct)
maplist(P, Xs, L)
is the analogue of Miranda's
let L = [ P x | x <- Xs ]
so map_product(P, Xs, Ys, L)
is the analogue of Miranda's
let L = [ P x y | x <- Xs; y <- Ys ]
That is, if Xs = [X1,...,Xm], Ys = [Y1,...,Yn], and P(Xi,Yj,Zij),
L = [Z11,...,Z1n,Z21,...,Z2n,...,Zm1,...,Zmn].
It is as if we formed the cartesian product of Xs and Ys and
applied P to the (Xi,Yj) pairs.
scanlist(
:Pred,
+List,
?V1,
?V)
plus/3
, scanlist(plus, List, 0, V)
puts the
sum of the list elements in V.
List should be a proper list.
Note that the order of the arguments passed to Pred is the same
as the order of the arguments following Pred. This also holds
for scanlist/5 and scanlist/6, e.g.
scanlist(Pred, Xs, Ys, Zs, V1, V) calls Pred(X3,Y3,Z3,V3,V4).
some(
:Pred,
+List)
somechk/2
is to some/2
as memberchk/2
is to member/2
.
member(X,L) <-> some(=(X), L). memberchk(X, L) <-> somechk(=(X), L). some(Pred,L) <-> member(X, L), call(Pred,X).
This acts on backtracking like member/2; List should be a proper list.
some(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn],
?[Y1,...,Yn])
some(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn],
?[Y1,...,Yn],
?[Z1,...,Zn])
somechk(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn])
memberchk/2
).
somechk(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn],
?[Y1,...,Yn])
memberchk/2
).
somechk(
:Pred,
+[X1,...,Xn],
?[Y1,...,Yn],
?[Z1,...,Zn])
memberchk/2
).
convlist(
:Rewrite,
+OldList,
?NewList)
maplist/3
and include/3
.
Each element of NewList is the image under Rewrite of some
element of OldList, and order is preserved, but elements of
OldList on which Rewrite is undefined (fails) are not represented.
Thus if foo(K,X,Y) :- integer(X), Y is X+K.
then convlist(foo(1), [1,a,0,joe(99),101], [2,1,102]).
OldList should be a proper list.
exclude(
:Pred,
+List,
?SubList)
exclude(
:Pred,
+Xs,
+Ys,
+Es)
exclude(
:Pred,
+Xs,
+Ys,
+Zs,
+Es)
include(
:Pred,
+List,
?SubList)
include(
:Pred,
+Xs,
+Ys,
+Es)
include(
:Pred,
+Xs,
+Ys,
+Zs,
+Es)
partition(
:Pred,
+List,
?Less,
?Equal,
?Greater)
include/3
and exclude/3
which has some pretensions
to being logical. For each X in List, we call Pred(X,R), and route
X to Less, Equal, or Greater according as R is <
, =
, or >
.
group(
:Pred,
+List,
?Front,
?Back)
append(Front, Back, List), maplist(Pred, Front)
,
and Front is as long as possible.
group(
:Pred,
+Key,
+List,
?Front,
?Back)
append(Front, Back, List), maplist(call(Pred,Key), Front)
,
and Front is as long as possible. Strictly speaking we don't need it;
group(call(Pred,Key), List, Front, Back)
would do just as well.
group(
:Pred,
+List,
?ListOfLists)
append(ListOfLists, List)
, each element of ListOfLists
has the form [Head|Tail] such that group(Pred, Head, Tail, Tail, [])
,
and each element of ListOfLists is as long as possible. For example,
if you have a keysorted list, and define same_key(K-_, K-_)
, then
group(same_key, List, Buckets)
will divide List up into Buckets of
pairs having the same key.
ordered(
+List)
<¯
Tk, i.e. T1 <¯
T2 <¯
T3 ...
The output of keysort/2
is always ordered, and so is that of
sort/2
. Beware: just because a list is ordered does not mean
that it is the representation of an ordered set; it might contain
duplicates.
ordered(
+P,
+[T1,T2,...,Tn])
<¯
, the list is ordered.
This is good for generating prefixes of sequences,
e.g. L = [1,_,_,_,_], ordered(times(2), L)
yields L = [1,2,4,8,16]
.
max_member(
?Xmax,
+[X1,...,Xn])
<¯
) of X1,...,Xn.
If the list is empty, it fails quietly.
min_member(
?Xmin,
+[X1,...,Xn])
<¯
) of X1,...,Xn.
If the list is empty, it fails quietly.
max_member(
:P,
?Xmax,
+[X1,...,Xn])
<¯
.
min_member(
:P,
?Xmin,
+[X1,...,Xn])
<¯
.
select_min(
?Element,
+Set,
?Residue)
<¯
) element
of Set, and Residue with a list of all the other elements.
select_min(
:Pred,
?Element,
+Set,
?Residue)
select_max(
?Element,
+Set,
?Residue)
select_max(
:Pred,
?Element,
+Set,
?Residue)
increasing_prefix(
?Sequence,
?Prefix,
?Tail)
append(Prefix, Tail, Sequence)
and Prefix, together with the first element of Tail,
forms a monotone non-decreasing sequence, and
no longer Prefix will do. Pictorially,
Sequence = [x1,...,xm,xm+1,...,xn] Prefix = [x1,...,xm] Tail = [xm+1,...,xn] x1 <¯ x2 <¯ ... <¯ xm <¯ xm+1 not xm+1 <¯ xm+2
This is perhaps a surprising definition; you might expect
that the first element of Tail would be included in Prefix.
However, this way, it means that if Sequence is a strictly
decreasing sequence, the Prefix will come out empty.
increasing_prefix(
:Order,
?Sequence,
?Prefix,
?Tail)
increasing_prefix/3
, except that it uses the
binary relation Order in place of <¯
.
decreasing_prefix(
?Sequence,
?Prefix,
?Tail)
decreasing_prefix(
:Order,
?Sequence,
?Prefix,
?Tail)
increasing_prefix/[3,4]
check X(R)Y, these
routines check Y(R)X.
clumps(
+Items,
-Clumps)
append(Clumps, Items)
==
)
keyclumps(
+Pairs,
?Clumps)
append(Clumps, Pairs)
==
) Keys.
clumped(
+Items,
?Counts)
clumps(Items, Clumps)
, then each Item-Count pair in Counts corresponds
to an element [Item/*1*/,...,Item/*Count*/] of Clumps.
Items must be a proper list of terms for which sorting would have been
sound. In fact, it usually is the result of sorting.
keyclumped(
+Pairs,
?Groups)
keyclumps(Pairs, Clumps)
, then for each K-[I1,...,In] pair in Groups
there is a [K-I1,...,K-In] clump in Clumps.
Pairs must be a proper list of pairs for which keysorting would have
been sound. In fact, it usually is the result of keysorting.


Programming languages can be incredibly different. Some are complicated, and let you take control of every low-level detail - which can be risky, but can also cause your programs to be efficient. Others will sacrifice performance in order to make your life easier.
Very broadly speaking, there are two main categories of languages. Functional languages, and Object-Oriented languages. Functional languages are often very basic, and are normally used to get a simple job done quickly. They use methods and variables, but there is no such thing as a type, so it's easy for errors to occur. Often, functional languages don't require compiling before being executed - and often exist as a 'script'.
Object-Oriented languages are completely different. They are considered far more powerful than functional languages, because they allow better organisation of code, promote more reusable code, and are easier to extend.
If you ask any programmer whether the current project they're working on does everything that was originally required of it, and nothing more - they'll say No.  Requirements change, and so we need to develop our projects in such a way that if we need to make it do something new, it's easy for us to change it. We'll explain much more about this later on.
These categories are a good way to distinguish and generalise between languages, but many languages blur the lines between them. I've put the most important ones below.
Object-Oriented languages (predictably) use the concept of an Object at their core. Objects, just like in real life, have properties. Take an Apple for example; Apples have a colour, a size, as well as many other properties which we can use to differentiate between two apples. Below, I'll describe an Apple with some properties in Java code.
The code above describes our version of an Apple object; we have a text property called colour, an integer which describes the size, and a boolean which will tell us whether the variable is true or false. So far, I've called these variables 'properties', because we should consider them descriptive properties of the object we wish to describe. Unfortunately, in programming, the correct term for an object's properties are its 'fields'.
The Public, Private, Final and Class are parts of the Java syntax. Public and Private are Access Modifiers - we'll go into these in detail later.
The Final keyword states that the method or field will never change. This allows us to create immutable objects - something I will definitely explain properly later.
Lastly, the Class keyword states that the following block of code describes a new type of object. Classes in Java must exist within their own file, where the name of the file matches the name of the Class exactly - no exceptions.
Apart from fields, objects also have methods. Methods, as described in the previous lesson, are named pieces of work, which can accept arguments and return data.
The fields of an object contain the data for that object; whereas the methods of an object, perform actions on that data.
Going back to our Apple, an example method could be to 'bite' the apple. For this to make sense, we'll add another field to our object; 'amountEaten'.
A couple things are going on here. Firstly we declared our new integer field, amountEaten; note that because we intend to change this field, we do not mark it final.
Secondly, we provided a comment explaining the field. Comments are a way to give (often invaluable) information about a block of code, without affecting the compilation of that code. In fact, the compiler will delete all data within comments immediately. In Java, there are two types of comments; in-line comments // Which use the double forward slash syntax
, and multi-line comments:
Next, we described our method; first we marked it public, which will allow other Objects to use the method (more on this later). We then specified the method return type, in this case nothing or void
. Next we named the method bite
, and specified that it has one argument int amountToBite
.
In the method body, we use a little bit of syntax magic. We could have written the line like this:
-=
syntax.
The -=
syntax effectively states 'subtract the next value from the variable.' The other 'number' based syntax features are integer++
, which will add one to the specified variable (this is useful for counting). Both of these types of syntax work with plus and minus (i.e. +=
or integer--
).
The Java syntax has several features, such as the above, which make our lives as developers a little easier. This is called Syntactic Sugar; as always, this will be discussed properly later.
Lesson over for another day - so what did we learn. We learnt that there are two main types of Coding Language, Procedural and Object-Oriented, and that OO languages are going to be our primary focus in these lessons.
We also learnt what makes an Object, and wrote our first Java Object! See you next time for Interfaces.


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*
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* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*@
@(extraInternalAssets: Seq[String] = Seq.empty,
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)(implicit environment: play.api.Environment)
@for(extra <- extraInternalAssets) {
}
@for(extra <- extraExternalAssets) {
}


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| PostgreSQL 9.0.10 Documentation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Chapter 9. Functions and Operators | Next |
The geometric types point, box, lseg, line, path, polygon, and circle have a large set of native support functions and operators, shown in Table 9-30, Table 9-31, and Table 9-32.
| Caution |
Note that the "same as" operator, ~=, represents the usual notion of equality for the point, box, polygon, and circle types. Some of these types also have an = operator, but = compares for equal areas only. The other scalar comparison operators (<= and so on) likewise compare areas for these types. |
Table 9-30. Geometric Operators
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Translation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' + point '(2.0,0)' |
| - | Translation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' - point '(2.0,0)' |
| * | Scaling/rotation | box '((0,0),(1,1))' * point '(2.0,0)' |
| / | Scaling/rotation | box '((0,0),(2,2))' / point '(2.0,0)' |
| # | Point or box of intersection | '((1,-1),(-1,1))' # '((1,1),(-1,-1))' |
| # | Number of points in path or polygon | # '((1,0),(0,1),(-1,0))' |
| @-@ | Length or circumference | @-@ path '((0,0),(1,0))' |
| @@ | Center | @@ circle '((0,0),10)' |
| ## | Closest point to first operand on second operand | point '(0,0)' ## lseg '((2,0),(0,2))' |
| <-> | Distance between | circle '((0,0),1)' <-> circle '((5,0),1)' |
| && | Overlaps? (One point in common makes this true.) | box '((0,0),(1,1))' && box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
| << | Is strictly left of? | circle '((0,0),1)' << circle '((5,0),1)' |
| >> | Is strictly right of? | circle '((5,0),1)' >> circle '((0,0),1)' |
| &< | Does not extend to the right of? | box '((0,0),(1,1))' &< box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
| &> | Does not extend to the left of? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' &> box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
| <<| | Is strictly below? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' <<| box '((3,4),(5,5))' |
| |>> | Is strictly above? | box '((3,4),(5,5))' |>> box '((0,0),(3,3))' |
| &<| | Does not extend above? | box '((0,0),(1,1))' &<| box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
| |&> | Does not extend below? | box '((0,0),(3,3))' |&> box '((0,0),(2,2))' |
| <^ | Is below (allows touching)? | circle '((0,0),1)' <^ circle '((0,5),1)' |
| >^ | Is above (allows touching)? | circle '((0,5),1)' >^ circle '((0,0),1)' |
| ?# | Intersects? | lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' ?# box '((-2,-2),(2,2))' |
| ?- | Is horizontal? | ?- lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' |
| ?- | Are horizontally aligned? | point '(1,0)' ?- point '(0,0)' |
| ?| | Is vertical? | ?| lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' |
| ?| | Are vertically aligned? | point '(0,1)' ?| point '(0,0)' |
| ?-| | Is perpendicular? | lseg '((0,0),(0,1))' ?-| lseg '((0,0),(1,0))' |
| ?|| | Are parallel? | lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))' ?|| lseg '((-1,2),(1,2))' |
| @> | Contains? | circle '((0,0),2)' @> point '(1,1)' |
| <@ | Contained in or on? | point '(1,1)' <@ circle '((0,0),2)' |
| ~= | Same as? | polygon '((0,0),(1,1))' ~= polygon '((1,1),(0,0))' |
Note: Before PostgreSQL 8.2, the containment operators @> and <@ were respectively called ~ and @. These names are still available, but are deprecated and will eventually be removed.
Table 9-31. Geometric Functions
| Function | Return Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
area(object) | double precision | area | area(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
center(object) | point | center | center(box '((0,0),(1,2))') |
diameter(circle) | double precision | diameter of circle | diameter(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
height(box) | double precision | vertical size of box | height(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
isclosed(path) | boolean | a closed path? | isclosed(path '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
isopen(path) | boolean | an open path? | isopen(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
length(object) | double precision | length | length(path '((-1,0),(1,0))') |
npoints(path) | int | number of points | npoints(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
npoints(polygon) | int | number of points | npoints(polygon '((1,1),(0,0))') |
pclose(path) | path | convert path to closed | pclose(path '[(0,0),(1,1),(2,0)]') |
popen(path) | path | convert path to open | popen(path '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
radius(circle) | double precision | radius of circle | radius(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
width(box) | double precision | horizontal size of box | width(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
Table 9-32. Geometric Type Conversion Functions
| Function | Return Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
box(circle) | box | circle to box | box(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
box(point, point) | box | points to box | box(point '(0,0)', point '(1,1)') |
box(polygon) | box | polygon to box | box(polygon '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
circle(box) | circle | box to circle | circle(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
circle(point, double precision) | circle | center and radius to circle | circle(point '(0,0)', 2.0) |
circle(polygon) | circle | polygon to circle | circle(polygon '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
lseg(box) | lseg | box diagonal to line segment | lseg(box '((-1,0),(1,0))') |
lseg(point, point) | lseg | points to line segment | lseg(point '(-1,0)', point '(1,0)') |
path(polygon) | point | polygon to path | path(polygon '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
point (double
precision, double precision) | point | construct point | point(23.4, -44.5) |
point(box) | point | center of box | point(box '((-1,0),(1,0))') |
point(circle) | point | center of circle | point(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
point(lseg) | point | center of line segment | point(lseg '((-1,0),(1,0))') |
point(polygon) | point | center of polygon | point(polygon '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
polygon(box) | polygon | box to 4-point polygon | polygon(box '((0,0),(1,1))') |
polygon(circle) | polygon | circle to 12-point polygon | polygon(circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
polygon(npts, circle) | polygon | circle to npts-point polygon | polygon(12, circle '((0,0),2.0)') |
polygon(path) | polygon | path to polygon | polygon(path '((0,0),(1,1),(2,0))') |
It is possible to access the two component numbers of a point as though the point were an array with indexes 0 and 1. For example, if t.p is a point column then SELECT p[0] FROM t retrieves the X coordinate and UPDATE t SET p[1] = ... changes the Y coordinate. In the same way, a value of type box or lseg can be treated as an array of two point values.
The area
function works for the types
box, circle, and path.
The area
function only works on the
path data type if the points in the
path are non-intersecting. For example, the
path
'((0,0),(0,1),(2,1),(2,2),(1,2),(1,0),(0,0))'::PATH
will not work; however, the following visually identical
path
'((0,0),(0,1),(1,1),(1,2),(2,2),(2,1),(1,1),(1,0),(0,0))'::PATH
will work. If the concept of an intersecting versus
non-intersecting path is confusing, draw both of the
above paths side by side on a piece of graph paper.


Usage
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Examples
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https://proxify-cors.herokuapp.com/proxy?u=
To access "https://github.com" using the proxy, use:
https://proxify-cors.herokuapp.com/proxy?u=https://github.com


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England's Jofra Archer target of racial insult in New Zealand
New Zealand Cricket says it will apologise to Jofra Archer after the England pace bowler said he was the victim of racist insults while batting against the Black Caps on Monday.
Archer, who was born in Barbados, tweeted on Monday night that one person in the crowd had subjected him to the insults while he attempted to save the test match at Bay Oval in Mt Maunganui.
"A bit disturbing hearing racial insults today whilst battling to help save my team , the crowd was been amazing this week except for that one guy , @TheBarmyArmy was good as usual also," he wrote.
Archer batted for 71 minutes, scoring 30 runs off 50 balls before he was dismissed by New Zealand's Neil Wagner as his side went on to lose by an innings and 65 runs.
New Zealand Cricket later released a statement saying it would be contacting and apologising to Archer. It said he had been racially abused by a spectator as he left the field at the end of play.
"Although security providers at the venue heard (sic) unable to locate the perpetrator, NZC will be examining CCTV footage and making further inquiries tomorrow in an endeavour to identify the man responsible.
"NZC has zero tolerance towards abusive or offensive language at any of its venues and will refer any developments in the case to police."
"It will contact Mr Archer tomorrow to apologise for the unacceptable experience, and to promise increased vigilance in the matter when the teams next meet in Hamilton."
Ben Stokes tweeted his displeasure at reading Archer's tweet, quoting it and replying with five angry face emojis.
Monday's allegation follows on from two Australian cricket supporters being thrown out of Manchester's Old Trafford during the Ashes in September for using "foul and abusive" language towards Archer.
London's Telegraph reported the pair were standing below the England dressing room during day one of the fourth Ashes test shouting sustained abuse at Archer while he was fielding. The insults were in references to Archer's Barbadian heritage.


---
layout: page
title: Academic Proceedings
titlecontent: ""
---
State of the Map 2019 features a full day of scientific talks. This page contains the proceedings of the Academic Track. More information about this track can be found in the corresponding call for abstracts and programme pages.
PDF versions of individual abstracts are available under CC BY SA 4.0 from Zenodo. The complete collection of the whole conference track can be downloaded here.
-
Bridging the Map? Exploring Interactions between the Academic and Mapping Communities in OpenStreetMap
- A. Yair Grinberger, Marco Minghini, Levente Juhász, Peter Mooney and Godwin Yeboah
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Exploring the Effects of Pokémon Go Vandalism on OpenStreetMap
- Levente Juhász, Hartwig Hochmair, Sen Qiao and Tessio Novack
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
A novel application of models of species abundance to better understand OpenStreetMap Community structure and interactions
- Peter Mooney
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Analysis of OpenStreetMap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process: Evidence from informal urban settings
- Godwin Yeboah, Rafael Troilo, Vangelis Pitidis and João Porto de Albuquerque
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns and impacts of large-scale data production events in OpenStreetMap
- A. Yair Grinberger, Moritz Schott, Martin Raifer, Rafael Troilo and Alexander Zipf
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Development after Displacement: Using OSM data to measure SDG indicators at informal settlements
- Jamon Van Den Hoek, Hannah Friedrich, Anna Ballasiotes and David Wrathall
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Intrinsic assessment of OpenStreetMap contribution patterns through Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
- Marco Minghini, Daniele Oxoli, Francesco Frassinelli and Maria Antonia Brovelli
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Analysis of OSM data through OSM-Notes user posting
- Toshikazu Seto, Hiroshi Kanasugi and Yuichiro Nishimura
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Corporate Editors in the Evolving Landscape of OpenStreetMap: A Close Investigation of the Impact to the Map & Community
- Jennings Anderson, Dipto Sarkar and Leysia Palen
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
OpenStreetMap as Space
- Dipto Sarkar and So Hoi Kay
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Assessing the Completeness of Urban Green Spaces in OpenStreetMap
- Christina Ludwig, Robert Hecht, Sven Lautenbach, Martin Schorcht and Alexander Zipf
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Client-side route planning: preprocessing the OpenStreetMap road network for Routable Tiles
- Harm Delva, Julián Andrés Rojas Meléndez, Ben Abelshausen, Pieter Colpaert and Ruben Verborgh
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Estimating latent energy demand of buildings
- Nikola Milojevic-Dupont, Peter-Paul Pichler, Lynn H. Kaack, Steffen Lohrey and Felix Creutzig
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Towards Scalable Geospatial Remote Sensing for Efficient OSM Labeling
- Rui Zhang, Marcus Freitag, Conrad Albrecht, Wei Zhang and Siyuan Lu
[session]
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Workforce Development and YouthMappers: Understanding perceptions of students in humanitarian mapping
- Patricia Solís and Sushil Rajagopalan
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Automatic feature extraction to support Mountains Mapping in OSM
- Rocio Nahime Torres, Piero Fraternali, Federico Milani and Darian Frajberg
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Characterizing player types in gamified geodata acquisition - An exploratory analysis of StreetComplete
- Heinrich Lorei, René Westerholt and Alexander Zipf
[full abstract - pdf]
-
“Ohsome” OpenStreetMap Data Evaluation: Fitness of Field Papers for Participatory Mapping
- Carolin Klonner, Maximilian Hartmann, Lily Djami and Alexander Zipf
[full abstract - pdf]
-
Contextualizing OpenStreetMap in Mapping Favelas in Brazil
- Everton Bortolini and Silvana Philippi Camboim
[full abstract - pdf]
-
How knowing the purpose of mapping changes the map and the mappers themselves
- Patricia Solís
[full abstract - pdf]


Musical Career
×
On May 28, 2007, on the King Records label, Miyano debuted as a singer with the single "Kuon" (久遠, Eternity). "Kuon" debuted at number 47 on the Oricon charts and was used as the ending theme song for anime series Kōtetsu Sangokushi. On June 13, 2007, with fellow voice actress Romi Park, the duo released a collaboration single titled "Fight", which debuted on the Oricon chart at number 73. On June 4, 2008, he released his second single, "Discovery", which was the intro song for PlayStation 2 video game Fushigi Yūgi: Suzaku Ibun. The song debuted at number 24 on the chart.
In August 2008, Miyano released the character single "Soup/Hakosora", under the name Mamoru Miyano comes across Setsuna F Seiei (宮野真守 come across 刹那・F・セイエイ); it debuted at number 18. In December he released his third single, "...Kimi e" (…君へ, ...To You), which also debuted at number 18. On March 11, 2009, Miyano released his debut album, Break, which debuted at number 20. On April 11, 2009, a month after the release of his album, Miyano went on his first tour, 1st Live Tour 2009: Breaking.
In 2010, Miyano released his second album, Wonder. The album charted at number 20 on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart. Following the album's release, Miyano went on his second tour, Mamoru Miyano Live Tour 2010: Wondering. In April 2012, Miyano released his third album, Fantasista. The album charted at number 4 on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart.
In 2013, Miyano made his first appearance in on NHK's music variety show Music Japan.
In April 2014, he released the DVD for his 5th live tour, "～TRAVELING!～". The following month he began his 6th live tour ~Wakening!~ where he traveled around Japan. The DVD was released January 28, 2015.


| get_Fstat_ddf {pbkrtest} | R Documentation |
From a vector of denominator df from independent t-statistics (nu
),
the denominator df for the corresponding F-test is computed.
get_Fstat_ddf(nu, tol = 1e-08)
nu |
vector of denominator df for the t-statistics |
tol |
tolerance on the consequtive differences between elements of nu to determine if mean(nu) should be returned |
Note that if any nu <= 2
then 2
is returned. Also, if all nu
are within tol of each other the simple average of the nu-vector is returned.
This is to avoid downward bias.
the denominator df; a numerical scalar
Rune Haubo B. Christensen. Adapted to pbkrtest by Søren Højsgaard.


Home
Reference > K Glossary > xdom
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The @x:Act Document Object Model is a data structure
that is used to represent the trees that result
from parsing @x:Act scripts. Xdom trees can also be used
for XML.
Xdom data structures are not restricted to just trees
but can be used to represent arbitrary directed graphs.
For more information about Xdoms see the xdom view.


Recalls are an appropriate alternative method for removing or correcting marketed consumer products, their labeling, and/or promotional literature that violate the laws administered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recalls afford equal consumer protection but generally are more efficient and timely than formal administrative or civil actions, especially when the product has been widely distributed.
Manufacturers and/or distributors may initiate a recall at any time to fulfill their responsibility to protect the public health from products that present a risk of injury or gross deception, or are otherwise defective. Firms may also initiate a recall following notification of a problem by FDA or a state agency, in response to a formal request by FDA, or as ordered by FDA.
The Food Recalls on this site are based on the Enforcement Reports published via the OpenFDA API
For more information about OpenFDA
For more information on the FDA's Food Enforcement Reports
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Brian is a senior Computer Science major at Old Dominion University. Oringinally from New York, he moved to Virginia in 2012. He was the manager of an electronics repair shop specializing in the repair of telecommunications equipment before returning to school for a career change.
Eric is a senior second-degree student studying Computer Science at Old Dominion University, where he minors in Cybersecurity. Residing in Southwest Virginia, he previously studied Biology before deciding to shift career paths.
Aaron Berman is a Computer Science major, minoring in Cybersecurity at Old Dominion University. He is a veteran of the United States Marine Corps, working with the repair of transportable ground based RADAR systems. After exiting the military, he worked for TE connectivity as an aerospace and defense repair technician for air and gas pressure sensors. He acheived an Associates of Science in Computer Science in 2014 from Tidewater Community College. In 2018, he returned to school for a career change to computer science.
Tyler Alholinna is a student at Old Dominion University, majoring in Computer Science and minoring in Computer Engineering. Born in Michigan, he moved to Virginia in 2009. While pursuing his degree, he works as a lifeguard and swim instructor for the City of Virginia Beach.
Richard is a senior student studying at Old Dominion University, majoring in Computer Science with a minor in Computer Engineering. He was originally a Computer Engineering major before switching to Computer Science. His family is from Vietnam, but he is the only one in his family born in the United States.
Nehemiah is a senior student studying at Old Dominion University, majoring in Computer Science with a minor in Cybersecurity. He moved to Virginia from Texas in 2015 to pursue his education. He began at Thomas Nelson community college earned his Associates in Computer Science with a 3.8 GPA. After, he attended ODU to finish his bachelors whilest working full time. He also works as a Systems Administrator at a NASA facility.


module Gem::Resolver::Molinillo::UI
Conveys information about the resolution process to a user.
Public Instance Methods
Called after resolution ends (either successfully or with an error). By default, prints a newline.
@return [void]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 38 def after_resolution output.puts end
Called before resolution begins.
@return [void]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 30 def before_resolution output.print 'Resolving dependencies...' end
Conveys debug information to the user.
@param [Integer] depth the current depth of the resolution process. @return [void]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 46 def debug(depth = 0) if debug? debug_info = yield debug_info = debug_info.inspect unless debug_info.is_a?(String) output.puts debug_info.split("\n").map { |s| ' ' * depth + s } end end
Whether or not debug messages should be printed. By default, whether or not the `MOLINILLO_DEBUG` environment variable is set.
@return [Boolean]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 59 def debug? return @debug_mode if defined?(@debug_mode) @debug_mode = ENV['MOLINILLO_DEBUG'] end
Called roughly every {#progress_rate}, this method should convey progress to the user.
@return [void]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 15 def indicate_progress output.print '.' unless debug? end
The {IO} object that should be used to print output. `STDOUT`, by default.
@return [IO]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 7 def output STDOUT end
How often progress should be conveyed to the user via {#indicate_progress}, in seconds. A third of a second, by default.
@return [Float]
# File lib/rubygems/resolver/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb, line 23 def progress_rate 0.33 end


Procyon Lotor - 'Dog-Like Washer'
Visual Appearance & Origin
The raccoon is a medium-sized mammal native to North America. The raccoon is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of 40 to 70 cm and a body weight of 5 to 26 kg. Two of the raccoon's most distinctive features are its extremely dexterous front paws and its facial mask.
Sense
The most important sense for the raccoon is its sense of touch. The "hyper sensitive" front paws are protected by a thin horny layer that becomes pliable when wet. The five digits of the paws have no webbing between them, which is unusual for a carnivore. Almost two-thirds of the area responsible for sensory perception in the raccoon's cerebral cortex is specialized for the interpretation of tactile impulses, more than in any other studied animal.
Intelligence
Zoologist Clinton Hart Merriam described raccoons as "clever beasts", and that "in certain directions their cunning surpasses that of the fox." The animal's intelligence gave rise to the epithet "sly coon". Only a few studies have been undertaken to determine the mental abilities of raccoons, most of them based on the animal's sense of touch. In a study by the ethologist H. B. Davis in 1908, raccoons were able to open 11 of 13 complex locks in fewer than 10 tries and had no problems repeating the action when the locks were rearranged or turned upside down. Davis concluded they understood the abstract principles of the locking mechanisms and their learning speed was equivalent to that of rhesus macaques.
Diet
Though usually nocturnal, the raccoon is sometimes active in daylight to take advantage of available food sources. Its diet consists of about 40% invertebrates, 33% plant material and 27% vertebrates. Since its diet consists of such a variety of different foods, Samuel I. Zeveloff, professor of zoology at Weber State University and author of the book Raccoons: A Natural History, argues the raccoon "may well be one of the world's most omnivorous animals".
Sounds
Raccoons have a large array of vocalizations. In fact, studies have determined that these animals can make over 51 different sounds that communicate different things! They hiss, purr and growl when competing for food. Younger raccoons often chirp and squeal and often exhibit extremely high-pitched squeals.
Urbanization
Although they originated from earthly and natural habitats, raccoons love the city life! In fact, Toronto is one of the most raccoon populated cities in the world approximately fifty times more raccoons live there than in neighboring suburban areas. Consequently, not only do crowded cities provide them with lots of space to scavenge around, but they also provide raccoons with easily accessible food resources.


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All your options
Best PlayStation VR Controller: Black Friday 2019 - Deals & Buyer's Guide
by Samuel TolbertBest PlayStation VR Controller Android Central 2019
Shooting games are the most popular style of game in the VR community, and the PlayStation Aim controller adds a level of immersion you can't get with your Move controllers. The perfect controller for the PlayStation VR depends on the type of game you want to play, your preferred playstyle, and how much immersion you want for your game. Check out all your options here!
- Best Overall: PlayStation Aim Controller
- Best for flight simulators: Thrustmaster T-Flight HOTAS 4
- Best for standard immersion: PlayStation Move Controllers
- Best for beginners: DualShock 4
Black Friday is a great time to dive in and grab peripheral devices like controllers for your PlayStation VR. Whether you're looking at Sony's lineup of controllers that work with PlayStation VR or possibly checking out a flight stick, this is the best time of year to grab something on discount. We'll be keeping this page updated with the very best deals that we can find on PlayStation Aim Controllers and other PlayStation VR controllers.
Best Overall: PlayStation Aim Controller
There are plenty of games for the PlayStation VR (PSVR) that revolve around the concept of holding a gun to shoot your enemies. While you can play all of these games with the Move controllers, and some of them with the DualShock controller, the PlayStation Aim controller offers the best immersion for your shooting games.
Once you put on your PSVR headset, you're met with a whole new world of immersion. Instead of playing in a first or third-person view while staring at a TV screen, you're playing with the screen directly on your face. This places you into the experience first hand with the ability to turn, dodge, duck, and cover within the game environment. While that's intensely immersive as it is, you can get more immersion with the feeling of holding a gun in real life.
The Aim controller feels more like a rifle than a pistol. Some of the smaller guns you play with may feel a little odd, but the overall "point and shoot" and having to physically aim a single motion sensor (as opposed to holding two with the Move controllers) has a significantly better feel to it. The design is comfortable to hold, but also has the buttons strategically placed around the device to simulate the parts of a gun you would need to interact with if it were a real gun.
The downside? Not every shooting game for the PlayStation VR is compatible with the Aim controller. There is a list of compatible games that I've listed below, but I would love to see more games either add support for the Aim controller or newer games to release with Aim compatibility off the bat.
Games the PlayStation Aim Controller is compatible with
- Arizona Sunshine
- Bravo Team
- ChromaGun
- Dick Wilde
- DOOM: VFR
- Evasion, Farpoint
- Firewall Zero Hour
- Rom: Extraction
- Special Delivery
- The Brookhaven Institute
- Unearthing Mars 2
Pros:
- Immersive shooting games in PlayStation VR.
- Comfortable design.
- Impossible to "accidentally throw."
Cons:
- Not as many compatible games as I would like.
Best Overall
PlayStation Aim Controller
Sun's out guns out.
While it offers a much better experience for shooter games, it is only supported with the following games: Arizona Sunshine, Bravo Team, ChromaGun, Dick Wilde, DOOM: VFR, Evasion, Farpoint, Firewall Zero Hour, Rom: Extraction, Special Delivery, The Brookhaven Institute, and Unearthing Mars 2. If you don't have any of these games, with no intention of owning them, don't get the Aim controller.
Best for flight simulators: Thrustmaster T-Flight HOTAS 4
Flight simulators are popular in the gaming community, and there are quite a few choice options for the PSVR. When it comes to playing these sorts of games, you can either use Move controllers or an official HOTAS controller. Using your Move controllers does offer a level of immersion by giving you the option to touch and grab everything in the cockpit, but the HOTAS controller will have you feeling like you're flying a real plane.
 With all of these options combined, you're left with everything you need to feel like you're holding the controls of an actual plane. Combine that with the in-your-face visuals of a cockpit while playing inside of a PSVR headset, and you're experiencing the best way to play a flight simulator.
The only major downside to playing with a HOTAS controller comes with the discomfort of it sitting in your lap. While you play any virtual reality (VR) game, there is a risk that something will cause a knee-jerk reaction that causes you to move or jump. Because of this, I found myself dropping my HOTAS controller quite a few times during gameplay. Thankfully, the Thrustmaster T-Flight was able to take a beating and didn't even get scratched, but I still ended up investing in weighted speaker stands to hold my devices in a comfortable spot while I played.
Other than that, the HOTAS controller support suffers the same fate as the PlayStation Aim controller. Not every flight simulator game for the PSVR is compatible with a HOTAS controller, but there are phenomenal games that are. The list I've supplied below may seem short, but each one of those games has hours and hours of gameplay— as well as more than enough replay value.
Games the PSVR is compatible with HOTAS
Pros:
- Simulated flight control.
- Resistance for immersion.
- Customizing options for controls and feedback settings.
- Detachable options.

- Flimsy to play with out of your lap.
- Not as many compatible games as I would like.
Best for flight simulators
Thrustmaster T-Flight HOTAS 4
The best controls for your VR cockpit.
The T.Flight has 12 action buttons, 1 rapid-fire trigger, 1 multi-directional hat switch, and a dual rudder system. All of these features offer you the best comfort with separation options, easy mapping, and immersive gameplay.
Best for standard immersion: PlayStation Move Controllers
If you're playing a PSVR game there's a 99.9% chance it's compatible with the PlayStation Move controllers. Not only are the Move controllers perfect for the best immersion of any game because it simulates both of your hands, but you'll get the best value out of them because it's easier to list games that aren't compatible than it is to list games that are. Games like ASTRO Bot Rescue Mission are only playable with the DualShock 4 controllers, but since that comes standard with your PlayStation 4 system, it won't cost you any extra money to play.
The type of immersion that PlayStation Move controllers offer is the ability to use both of your hands in a VR headset. Instead of using the triggers of a Dualshock to select options in the game, you'll be able to physically reach for objects, press a button to grab them, and then wave them around with real-life motion tracking. Since they track your movement with the LED bulbs, your PlayStation VR can respond to your actual movements— as opposed to a point-and-click or selection process.
The only major downside is the price for a set of these controllers. For some reason, most PSVR bundles don't include Move controllers. The fact that you have to buy them separately for about $100 might hurt your wallet a bit, but since there really isn't a limit for the games you can play them with, you're still getting a great value.
Pros:
- Compatible with almost every single PSVR game.
- Tracking abilities for both hands while in-game.
- Endless color options for the LED lights for the best tracking.
- Can be used outside of the PlayStation VR.
- Comfortable to use.
Cons:
- Most expensive controller for the PSVR.
Best for standard immersion
PlayStation Move Controllers
Your standard PlayStation VR controllers
PlayStation Move controllers work directly with the PlayStation Camera to track your movements for the PlayStation VR control system. It uses LED lights that counter the environment of your gamespace for the best tracking. The buttons are strategically placed around the controllers where your thumbs rest for the best comfort while playing.
Best for beginners: DualShock 4
A lot of PSVR controllers support the DualShock 4 controller, and that's perfect for any budget. Most PSVR bundles don't come with the Move controllers but do come with games where the Move controllers aren't required for play. While there are games that you need the Move controllers, like Job Simulator, you won't need them to get your first taste of experience in virtual reality.
Every PlayStation 4 user already has the comfort they built up for the DualShock controller, and that makes it easy for first-timers with the PlayStation VR. The vibrations, sounds, and buttons of the DualShock have already been perfected for immersive gaming. It fits perfectly into your hands, has every button you'll need, and plenty of customizing options in most in-game menu options to be perfectly styled for you. You'll need to buy a second controller for multiplayer games, but you won't hurt your wallet since your first one already came with the console and they're the cheapest option. You can even get pre-styled controllers or skins on Amazon for an incredibly reasonable price.
The only downside to a DualShock 4 is the non-preventable wear of the battery life. After a year or two of use, depending on how often you use them, you'll notice a change in how often you need to recharge the battery and how long the battery lasts. That, combined with the fact that repairs for the DualShock 4 are either overly-complicated for the average consumer or result in needing a replacement, make the wear and tear a little troublesome. Unfortunately, there is no way of avoiding this, but you can extend the life of your DualShock by cleaning it often and being careful not to drop it.
Pros:
- Comes standard with every PlayStation 4 console.
- Plenty of customizing options.
- Cheapest controller to buy.
- Comfortable to use.
Cons:
- Replacements and repairs are difficult.
- Battery life gets worse after a year of constant use.
Best for beginners
DualShock 4
A little something for everyone
DualShock 4 controllers are your standard PlayStation 4 controller, and one comes with every PlayStation 4 console. They're wireless, have a touchscreen for in-game and typing options, all your standard buttons, a speaker, and plenty of color options. Battery life lasts over four hours, and recharge takes less than two.
Bottom line
The PlayStation Aim controller is our favorite because of the number of games it's compatible with and how popular shooting games are for the PSVR. The controller was built perfectly to emulate the sensation of using an actual gun, and it's incredibly comfortable to use. Each button is placed in an area you would be interacting with for a real gun, and that helps with the immersion of aiming, reloading, and firing.
The best controller for you will ultimately come down to your favorite genre of game, but we know you'll get the best value and enjoyment out of the PlayStation Aim controller. Any of the controllers above will enhance the immersion you experience inside of a PSVR headset, but the shooting games tend to have a higher replay value to them. It gets boring flying a plane in circles in a flight simulator or complete the same puzzle over and over again in an RPG.
Do you know what never gets boring? Shooting things in virtual reality. Do you know what makes shooting things in virtual reality even better? Aiming a controller that feels like the gun you're holding in the game!
How to find the best Black Friday deals on PlayStation VR controllers
When looking for discounts on Black Friday, keep in mind what you're looking for. An extra controller? A PlayStation Aim Controller? You'll want to be keeping an eye on the official PlayStation pages. A third-party device will require a bit of extra work and browsing, as well as checking the reviews to make sure long-term compatibility is ensured. You'll probably want to research these third-party options before Black Friday. Also, check the prices beforehand, so you know how much of a discount you're actually getting.
Most of the peripheral controllers you'll be using with PlayStation VR (or PSVR) will be coming from Sony itself unless you're looking at something like a Thrustmaster flight stick. It is overwhelmingly likely that Sony will be heavily discounting different controllers like the DualShock 4 and the PlayStation Aim Controller for Black Friday, especially since while the PlayStation 5 is coming next year, PlayStation VR is fully compatible with the new console. As such, any PSVR controllers will likely continue to work alongside the headset.
We'll be keeping you updated on specific discounts for PlayStation VR controllers as we see them. For more deals and advice on PlayStation, Android, and other tech, you can check out our Black Friday shopping guides right here.
Credits — The team that worked on this guide
Essa Kidwell is an expert in all things VR and mobile devices who can always be found with an Oculus Go around their neck. They've been taking things apart just to put them back together for quite some time. If you've got a troubleshooting issue with any of your tech, they're the one you want to go to! Find them on Twitter.
Russell Holly Russell is a Contributing Editor at Android Central. He's a former server admin who has been using Android since the HTC G1 and quite literally wrote the book on Android tablets. You can usually find him chasing the next tech trend, much to the pain of his wallet. Find him on Google+ or Twitter.
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


Here's a little bit about me.
Im 22 years from Puerto Rico living in seattle now andrecently got out of the Army and began my pursit to become a Software Developer
These are my top ten favorite Meals
- Spanish Chicken Stew or Arroz con Pollo Guisado
- Mofongo
- Spaggetti
- Chicken Alfedo with Shrimp
- Lasagna
- Pho
- Ribs
- Any Thing with chesse
- Pizza
- BBQ Wings
Here is my work experience
- JanLife Exotic Car rentals
- Little Ceasar
- U.S. Army


| Type | Compatible iPhone Model | Price |
|---|---|---|
| Moment Lens | iPhone 6, 6s, 6 Plus, 7, 7 Plus | $99 ea. |
| Ztylus Z-Prime Lens Kit | iPhone 6, 6s, 6 Plus, 7, 7 Plus | $199 per kit |
| Zeiss Lens | iPhone 6, 6s, 6 Plus, 7, 7 Plus | $199.95 ea. |
| Kodak PixaPro Lens | iPhone 6, 6s, 6 Plus, 7, 7 Plus | $229 ea. |
| Ztylus Metal Lens | iPhone 6, 6s, 6 Plus, 7, 7 Plus | $114.95 per kit |


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I grew up in a small town surrounded by fields and livestock, spending most of my young life on a farm.


Here at Scott's fish store, we sell a large variety of fish cookies to our dedicated fan base all around the seagull population and now we are bringing our amazing fish cookies to a store near you!
Dont let us speak for our cookies, let our cookies do the talking! We make our cookies out of 70% real fish! thats 10% more than what you get out of the other fish cookie stores!
*Happy family not included*
| Location |
| Seatac Airport |
| 12345 This Is Not A Real Address |
| 1-800-ThisIsNotARealNumber |
| Location |
| Alki |
| 12345 why would i put a real address here? |
| 1-800-DialThisIfYou'reAGoofBall |
| Location |
| Capital Hill |
| 12345 Please Don't Sue Us Again |
| 1-800-Big4Head |
*Warning!


but alternatives are
often still modelled
after the traditional
classroom.
Do you want to be a
part of it?