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Priithon U modules: lot's of simple 'useful' (shortcut) functions
Author: Sebastian Haase<EMAIL_ADDRESS>License: BSD license - see LICENSE file
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deco_memoized Decorator that caches a function's return value each time it is called. |
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_FWHM_over_gaussStddev = 2.3548200450309493
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_pi_over_180 = 0.0174532925199
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_U_nd_extra_doc_ =
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_Commands Rc stands for the phrase "run commands" It is used for any file that contains startup information for a command. While not historically precise, rc may also be pronounced as "run control", because an rc file controls how a program runs. Similarely to matplotlib (ref. matplotlib_fname()), we look for a "user customization" file, ".priithonrc.py" in the following order: 1. currentworking directory 2. environment variable PRIITHONRC 3. HOME/.priithonrc.py 4. windows only: TODO FIXME |
Try to find user's home directory, otherwise return current directory. If defaultToCwd is False, returns "" in case nothing else works |
return "current" line number of source code inside py-file (to be used only inside py-modules - not for interactive shell!) |
return "current" filename of py-file if numPathTails: split off all leading folder before the last numPathTails parts, and return only those remaining parts; e.g. for numPathTails=2: for "/a/b/c/d/e.py" return "d/e.py" (to be used only inside py-modules - not for interactive shell!) |
return "current" function name (to be used only inside py-modules - not for interactive shell!) |
return <filename>:<lineNo concatenating the results of _getSourceCodeFilename and _getSourceCodeLine (to be used only inside py-modules - not for interactive shell!) |
calls exec(execStr) nReps times returns "cpu-time-after"-"cpu-time-before" if nReps > 1 the it calls it nReps times and return mmms over all (each separately timed!) if useTime is False: use time.clock() as timer if useTime is a callable: use this as time otherwise: use time.time() NOTE: on Unix time.clock() gives CPU time, time.time() wall time on Windows both are wall time (time.time() ONLY at 1ms resolution) http://stackoverflow.com/questions/85451/python-time-clock-vs-time-time-accuracy |
reload all modules known in __main__ repeat 'repeat' times - in case of dependencies if hiddenPriithon is True: also reload viewerCommon.py viewer.py viewer2.py histogram.py splitNDCommon.py splitND.py splitND2.py mockNDarray.py |
useful for rapid code development / debugging: create and return a classObject containing some/all local variables taken from the calling function-frame if no args given: return all local vars |
translate chars in string `s` each `c` in `frm` is translated into the respective `c` in `to` (`to` can be length 1) each `c` in `keep` is kept UNLESS(!) it is also in `delete` each `c` in `delete` is taken out seb: instead of a class we have a function - ref. ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/303342 This class handles the three most common cases where I find myself having to stop and think about how to use translate: 1) Keeping only a given set of characters. >>> strTranslate('Chris Perkins : 224-7992', keep=U.string.digits) '2247992' 2) Deleting a given set of characters. >>> strTranslate('Chris Perkins : 224-7992', delete=U.string.digits) 'Chris Perkins : -' 3) Replacing a set of characters with a single character. >>> trans = Translator(string.digits, '%') >>> strTranslate('Chris Perkins : 224-7992', (string.digits, '%') 'Chris Perkins : %%%-%%%%' Note that the delete parameter trumps the keep parameter if they overlap: >>> strTranslate('abcdef', delete='abcd', keep='cdef') 'ef' This is an arbitrary design choice - makes as much sense as anything, I suppose. |
execute cmd in (Unix or Windows) shell raise OSError on error return stdout/stderr output lines as list of strings if `special_cd` is True: if `cmd` starts with "cd " `os.chcwd` is called, i.e. to *really* change the current working directory (not just is (later disappearing) sub-process) if `cmd` == "cd" (no further arguments) os.chdir(U.getHomeDir()) is called |
send an email message via SMTP server to recipient(s) `to` can be a string or a list of strings if `From` and `SMPT` are not given, values from PriConfig.email_From and PriConfig.email_SMTP, email_SMTP_PORT, email_SMTP_USER, email_SMTP_PASSWORD are used |
report on numarray mem usage in given dictinoaries (or modules) if addHere is 1 include locals() dict from where memNAprofile is called 2 include globals() dict from where memNAprofile is called 3 both if verbose: print stats for each numarray found returns tuple( number of numarrays, total MB mem usage, timeString) |
poor mans derivative: if reverse: returns arr[:-1] - arr[1:] else returns arr[1:] - arr[:-1] |
returns N.asarray(a, N.uint16) `setMinTo0`: if True, subtract (negative) minimum `rescaleToMax`: if True or 1 rescale data to min..65535 if `rescaleToMax` is a number > 1: rescale data to min..`rescaleToMax` `round`: add +.5 before conversion to int TODO/FIXME: optimize memory usage of this function !! |
return array with ndim arr.ndim-1 return N.sqrt(N.sum(arr**2, axis) U.norm([3,4]) 5.0 U.timeIt("U.norm([3,4])", 100000) (0.0, 0.02, 0.000384, 0.00192211966329) U.timeIt("U.norm([3])", 100000) (0.0, 0.02, 0.0003597, 0.00186269050301) a = na.asarray([3,4]) U.timeIt("U.norm(a)", 100000) (0.0, 0.01, 0.0001728, 0.00130312706978) a = na.asarray([3]) U.timeIt("U.norm(a)", 100000) (0.0, 0.01, 0.0001689, 0.00128859333771) U.timeIt("na.abs(a)", 100000) (0.0, 0.02, 0.0001107, 0.00104725618165) U.timeIt("abs(a)", 100000) (0.0, 0.01, 0.0001092, 0.00103926674151) |
median per 2d section returns an array of shape arr.shape[:-2] and dtype outtype if outtype=None it uses arr.dtype |
median2 per 2d section [median is (median,meddev)] returns an array of shape (2,)+arr.shape[:-2] and dtype outtype if outtype=None it uses arr.dtype |
find Intens. for highest percentile per section returns an array of shape (2,)+arr.shape[:-2] and dtype outtype if outtype=None it uses arr.dtype slow!! ****** might only work for UInt16 arr ********* |
returns (a,b, yDeltaSumPerVal) for least-sqare-fit of axx(i) + b = yy(i) yDeltaSumPerVal= sum[(axx+ b - yy)**2] **.5 / numPoints if xx is None it defaults to 0,1,2,3,4,... |
t can be a scalar or a vector returns y value(s) of a 1D-gaussian model parms can be tuple of length 2,3 or 4, with 2: tuple is [sigma, peakVal] 3: tuple is [x0, sigma, peakVal] 4: tuple is [y0, x0, sigma, peakVal] x0 is center of gaussian (default 0) y0 is baseline offset gaussian (default 0) sigma is sigma (stddev) of gaussian peakval is "center height" above baseline |
t can be a scalar or a vector returns y value(s) of a decay model parms: tuple of 1 or 3 or 5 or .. values first baseline = asymtote =y for t-> inf then pairs: first: intercept of an exponential decay second: half-time of an exponential decay for more than 3 parameters: sum multiple such decay terms |
t can be a scalar or a vector returns y value(s) of a line model parms: abTuple: a,b - as in y= ax + b |
data should be list of (x,y) tuples or (x,y,deltaY) [ weighted fitting: minimize (y(x)-x)/deltaY ] (instead of 'list' you can of course have an array w/ shape=(n,2) or shape=(n,3), n beeing the number of data points if data.ndim == 1 or data.shape = (n,1) it fits assuming x=0,1,2,3,...n-1 f is your 'model' function that takes two arguments: a tuple of parameters and x The function returns a list containing the optimal parameter values and the chi-squared value describing the quality of the fit. (CHECK if this is true) fixed_mask: if not None: this sequence of bool values determinces if the respective parameter shall be fixed or free to be adjusted leastsq_kwargs: optional arguments feed to scipy.optimize.leastsq: useful might be e.g.: * maxfev -- The maximum number of calls to the function. If zero, then 100*(N+1) is the maximum where N is the number of elements in x0. * full_output -- non-zero to return all optional outputs. * warning -- True to print a warning message when the call is unsuccessful; False to suppress the warning message. for more see scipy.optimize.leastsq |
data should be list of (x,y) tuples or (x,y,deltaY) [ weighted fitting: minimize (y(x)-x)/deltaY ] (instead of 'list' you can of course have an array w/ shape=(n,2) or shape=(n,3), n beeing the number of data points if data.ndim == 1 or data.shape = (n,1) it fits assuming x=0,1,2,3,...n-1 f is your 'model' function that takes two arguments: a tuple of parameters and x !!!  The function returns a list containing the optimal parameter values and the chi-squared value describing the quality of the fit. (CHECK if this is true) fixed_mask: if not None: this sequence of bool values determinces if the respective parameter shall be fixed or free to be adjusted leastsq_kwargs: optional arguments feed to scipy.optimize.leastsq: useful might be e.g.: * maxfev -- The maximum number of calls to the function. If zero, then 100*(N+1) is the maximum where N is the number of elements in x0. * full_output -- non-zero to return all optional outputs. * warning -- True to print a warning message when the call is unsuccessful; False to suppress the warning message. for more see scipy.optimize.leastsq |
see yDecay. p: initial guess data: vector of data points to be fit if fixed_mask is not None: this sequence of bool values determinces if the respective parameter shall be fixed or free to be adjusted |
see yGaussian. p: initial guess data: vector of data points to be fit if fixed_mask is not None: this sequence of bool values determinces if the respective parameter shall be fixed or free to be adjusted |
see yPoly data should be list of y or (x,y)- or (x,y,deltaY)-tuples (instead of 'list' you can of course have an array w/ shape=(n,2) or shape=(n,3), n beeing the number of data points uses polynomial 'model' ( U.yPoly ) The function returns a list containing the optimal parameter values and the chi-squared value describing the quality of the fit. if fixed_mask is not None: this sequence of bool values determinces if the respective parameter shall be fixed or free to be adjusted |
Calculate the center of mass of the values of an array at labels. Labels must be None or an array of the same dimensions as the input. Index must be None, a single label or sequence of labels. If none, all values where label is greater than zero are used. Seb: this is from scipy.ndimage, but returns ndarray and fixes return value type & shape for the cases len(index) == 1 and len(index) == 0 |
Find the positions of the maximums of the values of an array at labels. Labels must be None or an array of the same dimensions as the input. Index must be None, a single label or sequence of labels. If none, all values where label is greater than zero are used. Seb: this is from scipy.ndimage, but returns ndarray and fixes return value type & shape for the cases len(index) == 1 and len(index) == 0 |
Find the positions of the minimums of the values of an array at labels. Labels must be None or an array of the same dimensions as the input. Index must be None, a single label or sequence of labels. If none, all values where label is greater than zero are used. Seb: this is from scipy.ndimage, but returns ndarray and fixes return value type & shape for the cases len(index) == 1 and len(index) == 0 |
Calculate the sum of the values of the array. Parameters ---------- input : array_like Values of `input` inside the regions defined by `labels` are summed together. labels : array of integers, same shape as input Assign labels to the values of the array. index : scalar or array A single label number or a sequence of label numbers of the objects to be measured. Returns ------- output : list A list of the sums of the values of `input` inside the regions defined by `labels`. See also -------- mean Examples -------- >>> input = [0,1,2,3] >>> labels = [1,1,2,2] >>> sum(input, labels, index=[1,2]) [1.0, 5.0] Seb: this is from scipy.ndimage, but returns ndarray and fixes return value type & shape for the cases len(index) == 1 and len(index) == 0 |
assume a function f(x) = y defined by value-pairs in y,x evaluate this at x=x0 uses order 3 spline to do interpolation [scipy.interpolate.splrep(...k=3...) note: x0 does not need to be one of the given values in x if x is None: use N.arange(len(y)) more repeated evaluations this is slow - because it remakes the spline fit every time |
creates/returns array with nBins int32 entries fills it with histogram of 'a' if amin and/or amax is None it calculates the min/max of a and uses that if nBins is None: nBins = int(amax-amin+1) if narr is of float dtype and nBins < 100: nBins = 100 if histArr is given it is used to fill in the histogram values then nBins must be None and histArr of dtype N.int32 if norm: divide bins (=histArr) by sum of bins and convert to float64 if cumsum: calculate cumulative histogram (apply N.cumsum) if norm: normalize so that rightmost bin will be 1 if returnTuple: return (histArr, nBins, amin, amax) if exclude_amax: last bin starts at amax else: last bin ends at amax, values equal amax are NOT counted |
returns flipped version of histogramYX use this e.g. in Y.plotxy( U.histogramXY( a ) ) creates/returns array with nBins int32 entries fills it with histogram of 'a' if amin and/or amax is None it calculates the min/max of a and uses that if nBins is None: nBins = int(amax-amin+1) if narr is of float dtype and nBins < 100: nBins = 100 if histArr is given it is used to fill in the histogram values then nBins must be None and histArr of dtype N.int32 if norm: divide bins (=histArr) by sum of bins and convert to float64 if cumsum: calculate cumulative histogram (apply N.cumsum) if norm: normalize so that rightmost bin will be 1 if returnTuple: return (histArr, nBins, amin, amax) if exclude_amax: last bin starts at amax else: last bin ends at amax, values equal amax are NOT counted |
returns same as U.histogram but also a "range array" amin,...amax with nBins entries creates/returns array with nBins int32 entries fills it with histogram of 'a' if amin and/or amax is None it calculates the min/max of a and uses that if nBins is None: nBins = int(amax-amin+1) if narr is of float dtype and nBins < 100: nBins = 100 if histArr is given it is used to fill in the histogram values then nBins must be None and histArr of dtype N.int32 if norm: divide bins (=histArr) by sum of bins and convert to float64 if cumsum: calculate cumulative histogram (apply N.cumsum) if norm: normalize so that rightmost bin will be 1 if returnTuple: return (histArr, nBins, amin, amax) if exclude_amax: last bin starts at amax else: last bin ends at amax, values equal amax are NOT counted |
creates/returns ("histogram") array with nBins entries of same dtype as weightImg while for a standard histogram one adds up 1s in bins for each time you encouter a certain value in a generalhistogram adds the pixel value found in weightImg each time it encouters a certain value in a (for that pixel) if amin and/or amax is None it calculates the min/max of a and uses that if nBins is None: nBins = int(amax-amin+1) if a is of float dtype and nBins < 100: nBins = 100 |
find intensity for highest percentile e.g. U.topPercentile(N.arange(10), 10) => 8 (10% of the array is larger then 8 -- roughly) slow!! ****** might only work for uint16 arr ********* |
returns root mean square (aka. the quadratic mean): (a**2).mean()**.5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mean_square |
returns maximum projection along given [old: 'first'(e.g. z)] axis |
calc projection along axis 0 `mode`: == "max" -> calc maximum intensity projection == "mean" -> calc mean intensity projection (accumulation is always done using float64) `astype`: if not `None`, convert result before return this function "might"(!) save memory and might be faster, because iteration over the first axis is done "by hand" and does not rely on full convertion of a to an ndarray |
returns new array with new element inserted at index i along axis if arr.ndim>1 and if entry is scalar it gets filled in (ref. broadcasting) note: (original) arr does not get affected |
first translates by tx,ty THEN rotate and mag and aniso-mag (rotation relative to img-center ! positive angle moves object counter-clockwise) if outArr is None ret NOTE: tx,ty go positive for right/up (Bettina's Fortran goes left/down !!!) |
shift a in to b use bi-linear interpolation if b is None output array b is allocated and returned NOTE: tx,ty go positive for right/up (bettina's Fortran goes left/down !!!) |
transform a(input) into b(output) : first translates by tx,ty THEN apply rotate/skew (rotation relative to img-center ! positive angle moves object counter-clockwise) (m11 m12) is the 2d transformation matrix (m21 m22) use bi-linear interpolation NOTE: tx,ty go positive for right/up (Bettina's Fortran goes left/down !!!) tx2,ty2 is for an extra translating ?? before OR after ?>?? |
Convert image to numpy array if i0 is None: just read next section (no im.seek !) and convert and return 2d array if squeezeGreyRGB: test if an RGB (RGBA) image really just grey - then return only one channel (others are identical) |
Convert numpy array to image a must be of ndim 2 and dtype UInt8,Float32 or UInt16 if a.ndim ==3: a.dtype must be uint8 the first axis is interpreted as RGB color axis -- for fewer "sections" in a, remaining are assumed to be zero rgbOrder: order in which axes are mapped to RGB(A) channels |
open any image file: '.fits' - FITS files '.sif' - Andor SIF files '.his' - Hamamatsu HIS files '.spe' - Princeton Instruments CCD image format (SPE) files '.lsm' - Zeiss LSM images are read like TIFF; skipping every other slice (thumbnail) any image file: jpg/bmp/png/... (all PIL formats) #20060824 CHECK in this case the returned arr gets attr: arr._originLeftBottom=0 'Mrc' (use Mrc.bindFile) TODO: "_thmb_<fn.jpg>" files are taken to mean <fn.jpg> returns image array of type ndarray_meta None on error if imgFN is None call Y.FN() for you |
Loads image file (tiff,jpg,...) and return it as array if squeezeGreyRGB: test if an RGB (RGBA) image really just grey - then return only one channel (others are identical) !!be careful about up-down orientation !! |
Open multiple TIFF-files into a 3-(or 4-)D numpy stack. fns is a list of filenames or a glob-expression channels: specify 0 for R 1 for G 2 for B list of above for mnore than one None for all returned shape is (nz, nChannels,ny,nx) if a list/tuple was given returned shape is (nz, ny,nx) if a scalar was given if channels is None: one of the above is choosen depending on nChannels==1 |
Saves data array as image file (format from extension !! .tif,.jpg,...) tries to use number format of 'arr' also supports multipage TIFF: 3D arrays: grey (if more than 4 z-secs or `forceMultipage`==True) 4D arrays: color (second dim must be of len 2..4 (RG[B[A]])" for multi-color images: `rgbOrder`: order in which axes are mapped to RGB(A) channels use `format` to spefy format (e.g. "tiff") when fn is really as stream !!be careful about up-down orientation !! |
Saves 3D data array as 8-bit gray image file sequence (format from extension !! .tif,.jpg,...) filename should contain a "template" like %02d - use '%%' otherwise inplace of single '%' template gets replaced with 00,01,02,03,... for multi-color images: rgbOrder: order in which axes are mapped to RGB(A) channels !!be careful about up-down orientation !! |
Saves data array as 8-bit gray image file (format from extension !! .tif,.jpg,...) be careful about up-down orientation !! if arr.dtype is not N.uint8 arr gets rescaled to 0..255 also supports multipage TIFF: arr gets rescaled to 0..255 to match min..max of entire stack 3D arrays: grey (if more than 4 z-secs or forceMultipage==True) 4D arrays: color (second dim must be of len 2..4 (RG[B[A]])" for multi-color images: rgbOrder: order in which axes are mapped to RGB(A) channels use `format` to specify format (e.g. "tiff") when fn is really as stream !!be careful about up-down orientation !! |
Saves 3D data array as 8-bit gray image file sequence (format from extension !! .tif,.jpg,...) filename must contain a "template" like %02d - use '%%' otherwise inplace of single '%' template gets replaced with 00,01,02,03,... arr gets rescaled to 0..255 to match min..max of entire stack for multi-color images: rgbOrder: order in which axes are mapped to RGB(A) channels !!be careful about up-down orientation !! |
load Hamamatsu Image Sequence file format if secStart=0, and secEnd=None, and stride=1: use memmap to map entire file: there are two cases: 1) multiple sections have comments: -> return mockNDarray of (memmaped) sections 2) only the first section (may) have comments -> map the whole file into one recarray NOTE(!): a.HIS.hdr[0] will be corrupt !! use a.HIS.hdr0 instead !! otherwise OR if mode is None: load given range of sections into memory (using N.fromfile) and return mockNDarray of (in memory) sections if secEnd is None: load section until end of file mode: only used for case 1; 'r' open file readonly, 'r+' read-and-write ref.: readerHIS.py |
extension to PIL save TIFF if rescaleTo8bit: scale sections (using global(!) min & max intesity) to 0..255 (ratios between colors are unchanged) **params is directly forwarded to PIL save function |
arrseq can be an iterator that yield 2D(grey) or 3D(color) image extension to PIL save TIFF if rescaleSeqTo8bit: scale each section (separately!) to 0..255 (ratios between colors are unchanged) **params is directly forwarded to PIL save function |
calculate a threshold value using the "Basic Global Thresholding" method described in Ch. 10.3.2 in "Digital Image Processing" returns threshold T (1 for a>T; not >=T) stop iteration when T doesn't change more than dt or after nMax iterations histYX, is the histogram of a -- a tuple(binCount, binPixelValue) if retImg: returns thresholded image as uint8 |
calculate a threshold value using "Otsu's Method" described in Ch. 10.3.3 in "Digital Image Processing" returns threshold T (1 for a>T; not >=T) histYX, is the histogram of `a` -- a tuple(binCount, binPixelValue) if retImg: returns thresholded image as uint8 elif retEM: returns (T, eta), where eta is the "segmentation measure" (which might be Matlab's "effectiveness metric") TODO FIXME: this assumes a unique maximum for s2_B; otherwise an average of the corresponding T values *should* be returned |
calculate multiple (i.e. 2; nT = 2 !!) threshold values using "Otsu's Method" described in Ch. 10.3.6 in "Digital Image Processing" Also ref.: "A Fast Algorithm for Multilevel Thrsholding", Liao, Chen, Chung, 2001 ################## old:returns array of nT(=2) thresholds (T1,T2) returns tuple of T1, T2 (1 for a>T; not >=T) histYX, is the histogram of a -- a tuple(binCount, binPixelValue) if retImg: returns thresholded image as uint8 elif retEM: returns ((T1,T2), eta), where eta is the "segmentation measure" (which might be Matlab's "effectiveness metric") TODO FIXME: this assumes a unique maximum for s2_B; otherwise an average of the corresponding T values *should* be returned |
calculate 3 threshold values using "Otsu's Method" described in Ch. 10.3.6 in "Digital Image Processing" Also ref.: "A Fast Algorithm for Multilevel Thrsholding", Liao, Chen, Chung, 2001 returns tuple of T1, T2, T3 (1 for a>T; not >=T) histYX, is the histogram of a -- a tuple(binCount, binPixelValue) if retImg: returns thresholded image as uint8 elif retEM: returns ((T1,T2,T3), eta), where eta is the "segmentation measure" (which might be Matlab's "effectiveness metric") TODO FIXME: this assumes a unique maximum for s2_B; otherwise an average of the corresponding T values *should* be returned |
write 2D arrays as rows(-2 axis) of columns (last axis) for each additional dimension, prepend a column for the axis index (total of arrNDndim-2 additional columns) 1D arrays are written as one value per line list of arrays are converted into mockNDarrays fname can be one of an open file, a filename or a filename ending on ".gz" start by writing intro into the file if intro does not end with "\n", auto-append a newline delimiter is used to separate the fields, eg delimiter ',' for comma-separated values if transpose: transpose last 2 dimensions of arrND before saving |
load a text file into a ndimensional array (mockNDarray) 1d arrays are columns of one line 2d arrays are multiple rows (i.e. multiple 1d lines) higher-d arrays are like 2d arrays, where the first n-2 columns are taken to be the indices for the higher dimensions fname can be an open file or a filename or a filename ending on ".gz" or ".bz2" if dtype is not None, force data to be dtype delimiter is a string-like character used to seperate values in the file. If delimiter is unspecified or none, any whitespace string is a separator. lines or trailing line parts starting with `comments` are ignored converters, if not None, is a dictionary mapping column number to a function that will convert that column to a float. Eg, if column 0 is a date string: converters={0:datestr2num} usecols, if not None, is a sequence of integer column indexes to extract where 0 is the first column, eg usecols=(1,4,5) to extract just the 2nd, 5th and 6th columns after applying converters (at first) and usecols (after that), the first ndim-2 columns are interpreted as the nd-index |
Return an array containing the data contained as text in txt. This function works for arbitrary data types (every array element can be given by an arbitrary Python expression), but at the price of being slow. if convFcn is not None: convFcn is called for each "cell" value - a string !. useful here: "N.float32" # WRONG !! THIS DOES NOT WORK FIXME ! else: "eval" is called for each cell if sep is None, any white space is seen as field separator ignore all lines that start with any character contained in comment if convertDecimalKomma: convert e.g. "10,2" to "10.2" |
emulate grep-functionality #if retList: return tuple list of (file, lineNo, lineText)-tuple #else: # print familiar output to stdout posted by Fredrik Lundh, October 25th, 2005 http://bytes.com/forum/thread169012.html |
works the way a good mkdir should :) - already exists, silently complete - regular file in the way, raise an exception - parent directory(ies) does not exist, make them as well Recipe 82465: a friendly mkdir() http://code.activestate.com/recipes/82465/ |
Integer to "binary string" ("101011") returns string of length count containing '0's and '1' building up the "binary representation" of x Count is number of bits Note: the inverse operation is done by int(xxx, 2) |
This decorator can be used to turn simple functions into well-behaved decorators, so long as the decorators are fairly simple. If a decorator expects a function and returns a function (no descriptors), and if it doesn't modify function attributes or docstring, then it is eligible to use this. Simply apply @simple_decorator to your decorator and it will automatically preserve the docstring and function attributes of functions to which it is applied. from http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary |
Easy adding methods to a class instance from http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary |
direct calc (non-recursive) return n_th Fibonacci number (as float!) n=0 --> 0 n=1 --> 1 n=2 --> 1 ... n should be <= 604 ;-( (as float) n should be <= 46 ;-( (if you want to convert to int) #http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence # http://www.research.att.com/cgi-bin/access.cgi/as/njas/sequences/eisA.cgi?Anum=A000045 |
return list of a's prime factors if max is not None: largest prime in list will be max (as often as it would be in the complete list) in this case: if includeRemainder is True: append remainder so that N.product(<list>) == a |
return gamma function defined for integer and half-integer values you can use scipy.special.gamma() for the general case |
smooth the data using a window with requested size. This method is based on the convolution of a scaled window with the signal. The signal is prepared by introducing reflected copies of the signal (with the window size) in both ends so that transient parts are minimized in the begining and end part of the output signal. input: x: the input signal window_len: the dimension of the smoothing window window: the type of window from 'flat', 'hanning', 'hamming', 'bartlett', 'blackman' flat window will produce a moving average smoothing. output: the smoothed signal (ref.: copy paste from http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/SignalSmooth) example: t=linspace(-2,2,0.1) x=sin(t)+randn(len(t))*0.1 y=smooth(x) see also: numpy.hanning, numpy.hamming, numpy.bartlett, numpy.blackman, numpy.convolve scipy.signal.lfilter TODO: the window parameter could be the window itself if an array instead of a string |
Return a list of the elements in s, but without duplicates. For example, unique([1,2,3,1,2,3]) is some permutation of [1,2,3], unique("abcabc") some permutation of ["a", "b", "c"], and unique(([1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2])) some permutation of [[2, 3], [1, 2]]. For best speed, all sequence elements should be hashable. Then unique() will usually work in linear time. If not possible, the sequence elements should enjoy a total ordering, and if list(s).sort() doesn't raise TypeError it's assumed that they do enjoy a total ordering. Then unique() will usually work in O(N*log2(N)) time. If that's not possible either, the sequence elements must support equality-testing. Then unique() will usually work in quadratic time. http://code.activestate.com/recipes/52560 by Tim Peters |
Returns a single, flat list which contains all elements retrieved from the sequence and all recursively contained sub-sequences (iterables). there are three different modes (semantic variations): "listsOnly": flatten lists only, leave sub-tuples and other sub-seqs in tact "tuplesAlso": flatten lists and tuples, leave other sub-seqs (like arrays) in tact "all": flatten all interables into one flat lists (only the first letters, "lis", "tup", "all" are significant !) Examples: >>> [1, 2, [3,4], (5,6)] [1, 2, [3, 4], (5, 6)] >>> U.flatten(_) [1, 2, 3, 4, (5, 6)] >>> flatten([[[1,2,3], (42,None)], [4,5], [6], 7, U.arrI(8,9,10)], mode='all') [1, 2, 3, 42, None, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] (inspired by http://kogs-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/~meine/python_tricks)
|
dump any kind of string, ascii, encoded, or unicode, using the standard hex dump output format. This is similar to the unix `hexdump` command. print `numsPerLine` characters (numbers!) per line. (for unicode each char counts as 2) if `ret` is False: print dump to stddout else return it as string (inspired by http://code.activestate.com/recipes/572181/) |
extract zip file into a directory (default to current working dir) if verbose: print line for each file extracted else(!) if percent>0: print note every `percent` increments (measured by total number of files to be extracted) (inspired by http://code.activestate.com/recipes/252508 By Doug Tolton) (in Python 2.6 this will be zipfile.extractall()) |
create new zip archive with filename `fn` and put everything inside directory `dir` into it (inspired by http://coreygoldberg.blogspot.com/2009/07/python-zip-directories-recursively.html) |
|
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Quote No. {{quote.id}}
Author --- {{quote.author}}
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Data visualization of the devastating floods that impacted Pakistan in 2022
Part of my job at Tenko as a data and modeling engineer was to develop a tool to
automatically download satellite data and calculate flood maps from this raw satellite data.
The tool was able to download data and generate aggregated flood maps for a country such as
Pakistan over a period of one year in a matter of minutes. This map was produced using
python, geemap,
and Rasterio.
In the article you can see the
important difference
between the floods in 2021 and 2022.
The code source is property of Tenko.


--- title: Mort's Media description: Get media including screenshots, artwork, and videos from the iOS Retro RPG Adventure Mort’s Minions. For an easily downloadable content set, see the Press Kit below. ---


WIDGET 5: ARIA attribute must be defined
aria-labelledby
aria-labelledby pass
aria-labelledby hidden
aria-labelledby fail
aria-checked
aria-checked pass true
aria-checked hidden
aria-checked fail
aria-invalid pass true
aria-valuenow
aria-valuenow pass
aria-valuenow hidden
aria-valuenow fail


Caddy with Automatic HTTPS
Caddy is the only web server that uses HTTPS by default. A hardened TLS stack with modern protocols preserves privacy and exposes MITM attacks.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block body %}
Browserscope tests are great for identifying bugs and areas to improve in browsers, but that's only a small part of what's needed to make the Web better. We encourage you to get involved! Please contribute by actively testing the latest builds of the browsers and filing bugs. Here is a great article by John Resig to help you get started.
If you'd like to get involved, here are links to blogs, recent builds, and bug databases for some popular browsers:
If you have the correct links for another browser, please contact us.


${h1} - example
${JSON.stringify(loc, null, 8)}
Change address
Next page
New page
Not found page
history.back()
Go to loc example page
history.forward()
Content


excelenium
Selenium Web Automation using Spreadsheets
To begin load the script or create a new one
Load Suite
Create New
Upload Script
×
Choose file
Upload


Command-T
The Command-T plug-in for VIM provides an extremely fast, intuitive mechanism for opening files with a minimal number of keystrokes. It's named "Command-T" because it is inspired by the "Go to File" window bound to Command-T in TextMate.
Files are selected by typing characters that appear in their paths, and are ordered by an algorithm which knows that characters that appear in certain locations (for example, immediately after a path separator) should be given more weight.
Documentation
A copy of the documentation can be viewed here.
Donations
Command-T is free, open source software released under the BSD license. If you find it useful and would like to support further development you can make a donation via PayPal.
Downloads
Releases
- 1.13 (29 April 2015)
- 1.12 (9 April 2015)
- 1.11.4 (4 November 2014)
- 1.11.3 (10 October 2014)
- 1.11.2 (2 September 2014)
- 1.11.1 (29 August 2014)
- 1.11 (15 August 2014)
- 1.10 (15 July 2014)
- 1.9.1 (30 May 2014)
- 1.9 (25 May 2014)
- 1.8 (31 March 2014)
- 1.7 (9 March 2014)
- 1.6.1 (22 December 2013)
- 1.6 (16 December 2013)
- 1.5.1 (23 September 2013)
- 1.5 (18 September 2013)
- 1.4 (20 June 2012)
- 1.3.1 (18 December 2011)
- 1.3 (27 November 2011)
- 1.2.1 (30 April 2011)
- 1.2 (30 April 2011)
- 1.1b2 (26 March 2011)
- 1.1b (26 March 2011)
- 1.0.1 (5 January 2011)
- 1.0 (26 November 2010)
- 1.0b (5 November 2010)
- 0.9 (8 October 2010)
- 0.8.1 (14 September 2010)
- 0.8 (19 August 2010)
- 0.8b (11 July 2010)
- 0.7 (10 June 2010)
- 0.6 (29 April 2010)
- 0.5.1 (11 April 2010)
- 0.5 (3 April 2010)
- 0.4 (27 March 2010)
- 0.3 (24 March 2010)
- 0.2 (23 March 2010)
- 0.1 (22 March 2010)


{% extends 'account/base_account.html '%} {% block title %} Reset Your Password {% endblock title %} {% block content %}
We've emailed you an instruction for resetting your password
If you don't receive the email, please make sure you've entered the address you registered with
{% endblock content %}


Tic-Tac-Toe
Tic-tac-toe is a paper-and-pencil game for two players,
X and O, who take turns marking the spaces in a 3×3 grid.
The player who succeeds in placing three of their marks
in a diagonal, horizontal, or vertical row is the winner.
It is a solved game with a forced draw assuming best play
from both players.
Enter your name as Player 1 and click the X to confirm.
Enter a second name for Player 3 and click to O to confirm.
If you want to restart the game, click the restart button.
Message to the Players!


For Server side Axios routing demo: /demo/server
For Client side Axios routing demo: fire up the browser console.
For indepth explanation go through README.md
src/examples/server.js for server side API calls
src/examples/client.js for client side API calls
src/api/consts.js for changing modifying constant values
src/api/end-points.js for modifying or adding API end points
express/routes.js for adding new server routes
Available API end points:
http://localhost:3001/cars?start=2005&end=2010
Method type: GET
http://localhost:3001/cities
Method type: POST
POST data: {"countries": "China", "limit": 2}
http://localhost:3001/try_put
Method type: PUT
POST data: {"param1": "12345", "param2": "abcdefg"}
http://localhost:3001/try_delete
Method type: DELETE
POST data: {"param1": "12345", "param2": "abcdefg"}
http://localhost:3001/test_cache1?param1=animals¶m2=plants
Method type: GET
http://localhost:3001/test_cache2?param1=animals¶m2=plants
Method type: POST
POST data: {"planet1": "mars", "planet2": "jupiter"}


Taiwan not to release 3.5 GHz frequency bands for private 5G vertical applications
by Bryan Chuang, Taipei; Steve Shen, DIGITIMESTaiwan will not reserve a dedicated frequency band range in 3.5 GHz spectrum for private enterprises or entities to implement their respective 5G vertical applications, according to government sources.
Prior to biddings set to begin in December for 5G frequency bands, the Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) earlier suggested the government release the 3,700-3,800 MHz frequency band range under the 3.5 GHz spectrum to private enterprises or other entities for developing their own 5G vertical applications.
However, officials from the National Communications Commission (NCC) have noted the 3,700-3,800MHz frequency band range is too close to the 3,300-3,570MHz range to be auctioned off and it will result in interferences if former is also released.
Government sources said that transportation and communications minister Lin Chia-lung has rejected the MOEA proposal.
Instead, the sources said that as the government is likely to adopt a two-pronged approach to solve the issue: private businesses or entities will be allowed to lease frequency bands available within the 3.5 GHz spectrum from telecom operators who have won the bid to use the specturm; or to lease frequency bands of non-3.5 GHz spectrum from the government to develop their own 5G vertical applications.
The government is likely to release frequency bands available within the 4.8-4.9 GHz spectrum to private enterprises, indicated the sources.


Social Explorer is an experiment with social APIs. This app simply groups your Instagram data into geographic clusters, and pairs this data with Twitter data from within that region.
The Twitter "population" within a region represents the total number of friends for users with Tweets within that area. The "president" is the most followed user.
Authorize with Twitter and Instagram to get started.


A METALLURGICAL STUDY
OF HIGH STRESS ABRASION
by Joseph Muscara
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Metallurgical Engineering) in The University of Michigan 1971
Doctoral Committee:
Professor Maurice J. Sinnott, Chairman Professor Richard A. Flinn
Professor Edward E. Hucke
Associate Professor Kenneth C. Ludema
Professor Clarence A. Siebert
Mr. Douglas V. Doane, Climax Molybdenum Company


Brand visual identity must be vital to you, and you must have a thorough experience with working for/with great visual brands. We will ask you to present your previous work, and explain your choices, so be prepared. Previous work with luxury brands is a plus.
We expect only one skill from our store interns: an infinite thirst to learn about fine pastry. You might not know much about how to prepare them. You might not know much about how to sell them, and advise about them. You might not know how a pastry shop runs. We've got all of that covered for you.
Be sure to have the proper motivation, and your future with us will shine bright: we've been offering jobs to all of our interns at the end of their internship.
As a company whose marketing is very content-centric, we expect our Content Director to have a tremendous experience, both in content strategy, and in content writing. We expect our applicants to show off some of the content strategies they set up themselves, explaining their choices, and to provide amazing contents they personally wrote.
Our contents get flexibly powerfully shared on various supports: our site, our in-store printed magazine, our mobile apps, our mailings ... Our Content Director must have experience with all of those, and with using modern adaptive content managers such as prismic.io.
It takes a solid whipping and crystalizing experience to build perfect ganaches. Ganaches can be built from the top down (building a hard material, and softening it), or from the bottom up (coming from a near-liquid state, and making it thicker), and only you know just the way to go to get the perfect output.
Experienced and highly motivated in fine pastry, you are able to come up with better techniques and formulas to make your art always better.
Mastering the art of direct communication is an experimented skill by itself; and mastering the ability to adapt to the ever-changing modern communication environment is another one. As our community manager, you will need to be proficient with both.
You will also need to have experience in both aspects, and it's much better if you have worked for/with luxury brands before (not necessarily food-related).
A musical instrument does nothing by itself; a musical instrumentalist is but a person. But together, they play an art that is bigger than the sum of the man and the instrument, and generate powerful emotions. It takes a lot of technique; but it takes a lot more than technique. We only ask you one thing: that you do have that technique, and that extra thing.
If you are the kind of person who gets intense, insane, almost neurotic about perfection and details, you are exactly the type we're looking for; but be aware that this job will not make your condition better! With an art background and a perfect mastery of the finest paintbrushes, you can modify every bit of an object to make it shine even brighter.
To be straightforward: as a Store Assistant Manager, your skills will be as strong as the Store Manager, meaning you can manage your teams, balance the books, give any kind of advice to your customers, ... simply run the store! You need to have extensive experience with pastry (or at least, fine cuisine), and to be customer-service-driven.
The Store Manager is usually a more seasoned Les Bonnes Choses leader, who already had the time to adapt his leadership style to the Les Bonnes Choses approach.
Here at Les Bonnes Choses, we acknowledge that it's a talent to know how to turn fresh material by nature, such as fruit, into something that plays well with the other pastry ingredients. Fruit are natural and temperamental, so you need to know exactly how to tame them and convice them to behave as per your will.


To import data you need to provide a CSV file with only 2 columns: artist and title.You can export a proper CSV file using Google Docs like seen here. OrDownload this CSV template and edit it in your text editor.


商品名称{{ commodity_information.commodity_name }}
id{{ commodity_information.commodity_id }}
类别{{ commodity_information.commodity_type}}
价格{{ commodity_information.commodiy_price}}
介绍{{ commodity_information.commodity_introduce}}
商品折扣{{ commodity_information.commodity_discount }}
浏览量{{ commodity_information.commodity_look_history }}
收藏量{{ commodity_information.commodity_collection_history }}
购买量{{ commodity_information.commodity_buy_history }}
剩余量{{ commodity_information.commodity_number }}


COMP 523 Project for
Grd Me
:
github
Formal Deliverables
Functional Spec
Test Plan
Manuals
Design Doc
Code
Crypto
User Interface
Intermediate Documents
Project Introduction
Concept - Tweet
Concept - Summary
User Stories
Platform Selection
Team Rules
Team Roles
Project Plan
Architecture
Code
Presentations
Tech Talk Proposal
Tech Talk
Meetings
Schedule of Standing Meetings
Demo Materials
Journal of Meetings and Decisions
Contact Information
Misc.
Related Links


| calculate_pred_error {voteswitchR} | R Documentation |
Uses an object of class mavcl_est
and calculates
prediction errors of posterior means or medians.
calculate_pred_error( mavcl_object, posterior = c("mean", "median"), type = c("mae", "rmse"), re_null = FALSE )
mavcl_object |
An object of class |
posterior |
|
type |
|
re_null |
logical, specifies whether the prediction should be calculated
with ( |
Returns a list with observation-/outcome-specific absolute errors and
the overall mean absolute error (if type == "mae"
) or the overall
root mean squared error (if type == "rmse"
)


What is the greatest medium of communication and broadcast today? Television? Or the internet? That is where you fall short. And that is where we can help you out! Brands are globally realising the potential of going digital to promote products and services where their potential customers spend most of their time on, ONLINE!.
We can assist you to digitise your brand, products and services across social media and websites establishing a solid audience, reaching potential customers with interactive ads and campaigns that will gather attention.
Constantly watch over and monitor the analytics, and keep up with the best practices.
Combine all our services, from web development, content writing, social media management to photography to ensure your brand reaches the targeted audiences across the spectrum.
We manage emails, web presence, SEO, social media engagement and digital advertisements.
Measure, report and maintain the performances of marketing campaigns. We have something to offer from concept to execution, d’you have a moment to spare? Then, let’s talk.


ARCH
HOME
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ARCHITECT
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Email :
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twitter:
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linked in :
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{% extends '../../base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
We have emailed you instructions for resetting your password.
Did not receive an email? If you did not receive an email after 30 minutes feel free to contact us .


Only Connect: On TE O.C.H. Micro Circular connectors
by EW StaffWelcome to another in the series by Nick Locke, of Nicab Ltd, who has more than 20 years experience in the electronics manufacturing industry specialising in interconnection cable assembly. This post looks at a new Micro Circular connector series.
As we continue to see more products developed to meet the demands of small lightweight technology TE have introduced its O.C.H Micro Circular connectors.
Designed with wearable tech
In my previous blog post (see Only Connect: On smart connected textiles) I discussed how this is going to become a massive area for growth in the near future.
Let’s take a closer look at this new connector range. As part of the Net Warrior Program developed by the US Army the idea is to bring together technology to the frontline that is bot ultra-modern and lightweight.
According to TE:
“Our ruggedized O.C.H. micro circular connectors have passed the rigorous performance requirements set by the US Army, including the mechanical and performance requirements of MIL-STD-810G. These circular connectors feature a push-pull coupling and quick disconnect per the US Army’s Nett Warrior specification. The connectors can be ordered against National Stocking Numbers 5935-016595575 and 5935-016594090.”
The technical specifications are as follows:
- Shell: Aluminium alloy, selectively plated zinc-nickel over electroless nickel overall
- Inserts: Thermoplastic
- Contacts: Copper alloy, plated gold over nickel
Electrical:
- Insulation Resistance: 100 MΩ min. at 500 VDC
- Contact Current Rating: 5 A (-18°C to +71°C, crimped to 22 AWG wire
Mechanical:
- Shock: MIL-STD-810G, Method 516.6, Procedure IV
- Vibration: MIL-STD-810G, Method 514.7, Procedure I, Method 514.6, Category 5, Procedure II
Check out this picture of wearable technology. Is this not the soldier of the future! It’s like sci-fi is starting to look like a real possibility within the next few years.
It will be interesting to see how these connectors take off compared with the Amphenol Stingray Series. It’s going to be a super competitive market in the race for dominance in the wearable tech market.
I for one will be watching this market closely as what starts in the USA is closely followed by the UK, and waiting to be at the forefront of new technology I am very excited about these new innovations.
Nick Locke, Nicab Ltd


🍕 Order by November 10, and then get a FREE Papa John's Pizza with your next order! And, Get any 3 Medium 3 Topping Pizza for $7 each! Order Now


Saint Jean de Luz is a charmingly attractive resort with a distinct Basque identity. It is just 8nm north east of the border with Spain.
It has a natural harbour and is an active port and important base for sardine, anchovy and tuna fishing. The town lies on the north bank of the river, with Cibourne on the south.
Position 43° 24'05"N, 01° 40'21"W (harbour entrance)
The outer harbour is well protected with breakwaters and rocks. The inner harbour, with the marina on the Ciboure side, is totally secure.
The fishing harbour is to port on entering the inner harbour.
There is a small anchorage just inside the western breakwater and another, larger area, off the beach opposite St Jean de Luz. There are also 20 mooring buoys for yachts on passage.
Last updated June 2016.
There are two yacht clubs here.


The custom OLED displays on iPhone X deliver the most accurate color in the industry, HDR, and true blacks. And iPhone XMax has our largest display ever on an iPhone.
iPhone Xs Max
6.5" dsiplay
iPhone Xs Max
5.8" display


--- layout: page title: Hi, I'm Vaishnav subtitle: Robotics Engineer at Macco Robotics use-site-title: true ---
A progressive engineer: ignited by heart, powered by passion and driven by engineering; with special interest in robotics.
Completed B.Tech degree in Mechanical Engineering at Amrita School Of Engineering, Coimbatore.
Think in Python and fluent in MATLAB
Skilled in CAD - Autodesk Inventor, Fusion 360 and OnShape
Some of myCAD models
ARHex Robot: Hexapod with compliant legs and an arm- website and youtube, advised by Dr. T. Mohanraj
Formula Student Car at Amrita Racing 2017 - website
Placed 6th out 120 teams across India at SAEINDIA SUPRA 2017 held at Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida.
Winter - 2019, Intern at Aquasub Engineering
Jan-Oct 2020, Intern at DISQ, A TCS foundation initiative


This driver release supports the use of external GPUs, or eGPUs, such as those commonly connected via Thunderbolt. However, system stability when an eGPU is unplugged while in use (also known as "hot-unplug") is not guaranteed. This includes situations where the eGPU is being used to display the X11 desktop.
External GPUs are often used in short-running compute scenarios, which better tolerate the eGPU being hot-unplugged. In such cases, a different GPU may be used to display the X11 desktop.
To prevent system instability from hot-unplugging an eGPU while being used to display the X11 desktop, the NVIDIA X driver does not configure X screens on external GPUs by default.
This behavior may also apply to GPUs attached to internal PCIe slots with hot-unplug support, such as in some enterprise systems.
To override this behavior in xorg.conf, see Option "AllowExternalGpus" "boolean"
.
Then, external GPUs may be configured with X as one would any other
secondary GPU, by specifying the BusID in the Device section in
xorg.conf. See the xorg.conf man page for more information on the
BusID option, and “What is the
format of a PCI Bus ID?” for information on how to
determine the BusID.


Covid-19 precautions
We have made sure that you can safely enjoy every minute of your adventure during “Jul I Zoo”!
But we also need you to cooperate with us and comply to the safety measures. We kindly ask you to: Wear a mask, unless you are eating in one of the eating zones. (You can get one for free at the entrance) Keep a good distance from other guests. Maintain good hand hygiene. Respect all of our regulations, that will be kindly explained to you by our staff. We also ask every person with Covid-19 symptoms to stay at home!
We regularly update instructions and adapt our regulations based on guidelines issued by the authorities.


--- title: Gwynedd Mercy Academy High School Project | Carter M. Young layout: project excerpt: Gwynedd Mercy Academy High School’s project included the addition of new academic wing HVAC systems and the renovation of their library. h1: Gwynedd Mercy Academy High School Renovations slides: 6 alt_tags: - Library - Library books, computer desks, and office - Front of learning commons facing toward the back with desktop computers - Back of learning commons facing toward the front of the room - Informational monitors at entrance of the library - Conference room with table, chairs, and a large screen monitor project: gma-learning-commons next: mount-science-wing body: I%20just%20read%20this%20article%20about%20a%20project%20Carter%20M.%20Young%20completed%20and%20thought%20you%20would%20be%20interested%20in%20seeing%20it subject: Gwynedd%20Mercy%20Academy%20High%20School%20Project%20-%20Carter%20M.%20Young ---
New academic wing HVAC systems and library renovation
$1.18M
May 2014 - August 2015
Gwynedd Valley, PA


DRAWCYLINDER draw a cylinder drawCylinder(CYL) where CYL is a cylinder defined by [x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 r]: [x1 y2 z1] are coordinates of starting point, [x2 y2 z2] are coordinates of ending point, and R is the radius of the cylinder, draws the corresponding cylinder on the current axis. drawCylinder(CYL, N) uses N points for discretisation of angle. Default value is 32. drawCylinder(..., OPT) with OPT = 'open' (default) or 'closed', specify if bases of the cylinder should be drawn. drawCylinder(..., 'FaceColor', COLOR) Specifies the color of the cylinder. Any couple of parameters name and value can be given as argument, and will be transfered to the 'surf' matlab function H = drawCylinder(...) returns a handle to the patch representing the cylinder. Example: figure;drawCylinder([0 0 0 10 20 30 5]); figure;drawCylinder([0 0 0 10 20 30 5], 'open'); figure;drawCylinder([0 0 0 10 20 30 5], 'FaceColor', 'r'); figure; h = drawCylinder([0 0 0 10 20 30 5]); set(h, 'facecolor', 'b'); See Also: drawSphere, drawLine3d, surf --------- author : David Legland INRA - TPV URPOI - BIA IMASTE created the 17/09/2005


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ForeignKeyBox
ForeignKeyBox represents a clickable box to display and edit foreign key data, as shown in AdventureWorksLT.WpfApp
sample:
Features
- Data binding to display foreign key as lookup data. For example, instead of displaying the
AddressID
foreign key column, the lookup data ofAddressLine1
,AddressLine2
,City
,StateProvince
,CountryRegion
andPostalCode
are displayed. - Provides an clickable icon to clear underlying foreign key data.
- Clicking the ForeignKeyBox will launch a new view of lookup data, typically a drop-down list as popup window, or a model dialog window, as shown in preceding example.
Usage
First, add ForeignKeyBox as row binding via BindToForeignKeyBox, as demonstrated in AdventureWorksLT.WpfApp
sample:
public static RowCompositeBinding<SalesOrderHeaderBox> BindToSalesOrderHeaderBox(this SalesOrderInfo _, bool isNew,
out RowBinding<ForeignKeyBox> shipToAddressBinding, out RowBinding<ForeignKeyBox> billToAddressBinding)
{
var result = new RowCompositeBinding<SalesOrderHeaderBox>()
.AddChild(_.FK_Customer.BindToForeignKeyBox(_.Customer, CustomerBox.RefreshAction), v => v._customer)
.AddChild(shipToAddressBinding = _.FK_ShipToAddress.BindToForeignKeyBox(_.ShipToAddress, AddressBox.RefreshAction), v => v._shipTo)
.AddChild(billToAddressBinding = _.FK_BillToAddress.BindToForeignKeyBox(_.BillToAddress, AddressBox.RefreshAction), v => v._billTo)
...
}
Second, implement ForeignKeyBox.ILookupService to provide lookup data for foreign key, as demonstrated in AdventureWorksLT.WpfApp
sample:
private class Presenter : DataPresenter<SalesOrderInfo>, ForeignKeyBox.ILookupService
{
...
bool ForeignKeyBox.ILookupService.CanLookup(CandidateKey foreignKey)
{
if (foreignKey == _.FK_Customer)
return true;
else if (foreignKey == _.FK_BillToAddress)
return true;
else if (foreignKey == _.FK_ShipToAddress)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void ForeignKeyBox.ILookupService.BeginLookup(ForeignKeyBox foreignKeyBox)
{
if (foreignKeyBox.ForeignKey == _.FK_Customer)
{
var dialogWindow = new CustomerLookupWindow();
dialogWindow.Show(_ownerWindow, foreignKeyBox, CurrentRow.GetValue(_.CustomerID), _shipToAddressBinding[CurrentRow], _billToAddressBinding[CurrentRow]);
}
else if (foreignKeyBox.ForeignKey == _.FK_ShipToAddress || foreignKeyBox.ForeignKey == _.FK_BillToAddress)
BeginLookupAddress(foreignKeyBox);
else
throw new NotSupportedException();
}
private void BeginLookupAddress(ForeignKeyBox foreignKeyBox)
{
var foreignKey = (Address.PK)foreignKeyBox.ForeignKey;
if (_addressLookupPopup.FK == foreignKey)
_addressLookupPopup.IsOpen = false;
else
{
var customerID = CurrentRow.GetValue(_.CustomerID);
if (customerID.HasValue)
{
var addressID = foreignKeyBox.ForeignKey == _.FK_ShipToAddress ? _.ShipToAddressID : _.BillToAddressID;
_addressLookupPopup.Show(foreignKeyBox, CurrentRow.GetValue(addressID), customerID.Value);
}
}
}
}
Implemented Commands
| Command | Instance | Input | Implementation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ClearValue | ForeignKeyBox | Control template. | Clears underlying foreign key data. |
Customizable Services
- ForeignKeyBox.ICommandService: Your data presenter can implement this service to change the commands implementation of this class.
- ForeignKeyBox.ILookupService: There is no default implementation. Your data presenter must implement this interface to lookup data from another view, as shown in preceding example.


DJs Pareja's new EP for Schalen is 'a manifesto for the club'
Tecno Inferno is out December 6th.
by Marissa CetinDJs Pareja's next EP is coming out on Schalen next month.
Out December 6th, Tecno Inferno "is a manifesto for the club," according to the Cologne-based imprint. It's Mariano Caloso and Diego Irasusta second four-track EP of the year, following The After—their first release in four years—on Honey Soundsystem.
Schalen launched in June by the team behind Magazine with an EP from cofounder Barnt.
Listen to the title track.
Tracklist
01. Stereo Dp
02. Insiste
03. Tecno Inferno
04. The Jam
Schalen will release Tecno Inferno on December 6th, 2019.
Photo credit: Kmi Koni


[gecode-users] Assign or Branch
Vincent Barichard
Vincent.Barichard at univ-angers.fr
Mon Jan 18 18:16:38 CET 2010
Hi,
I wondered what are the differences between "branch(home, x, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAL_MIN)" and "assign(home,x,INT_ASSIGN_MIN)"?
In the documentation, it is said that after an assignment has been done, the next assignment will be done only after the effect of the previous assignment has been propagated. Is it only meaningful during recomputation? Until now I used branch, should I use assign instead ?
Just one more little thing, in section 9.2.2, I think it should be "branch(home, x, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAL_MIN)" instead of "branch(home, x, INT_VAR_NONE, INT_VAR_MIN)"?
Thanks for you help.
Cheers,
Vincent
Vincent Barichard Université d'Angers (LERIA)
Tel: 02 41 73 52 06 Département Informatique
Fax: 02 41 73 50 73 H203
More information about the users
mailing list


Week 3.
Electronics and programming This week is dedicated for r catch up plans and be back on track by Friday.Coming Week Luciano is coming to Trivandrum and he will be guiding us to integrate all skill we acquired during last the first three week and make our final project. According to Franc Electronics and programming is NOT a one step learning process. It is a permanent learning process. Depth is infinite.Day 1
Electronics Production
Today we were discussing about SMD Soldering and tips to make smd soldering easy , neat and clean. After we have to solder FAB ISP Which is our Assignment.Franc happened to see a heat gun kept hot after using. So he started with educating us about the proper use of the heat gun. He told us to remember to put it in cold air after use until no heat comes out.Otherwise it wil harm the device. According to Franc soldering SMD components is not like painting. First we need to place the component using a Tweezer then we need to bring Soldering Iron in then Solder in then Solder out and after that Soldering Iron out. Using the double side tape will help to fix the board to the table, so that we can solder without minding the movement of board. Always we should start with the microcontroller or the central component then continue towards the perimeter. We must not give heavy pressure to the tweezers. If we do so that may be the last timewe are seeing the component. According to Franc it is better to avoid coffee on the soldering day which will help in reducing the had shiver :). We must ensure proper lighting and its a good practice to use eye loupes while soldering.
Assignment Me and Vishnu was in one team. We prepare the Roland Modela bed and sacrificial layer and after that download desin files from here and using fab modules milled the board. After milling together we finished soldering. Now we had to program the board to make it work as an ISP. Instruction to programming and debugging can be found here .
Process FAB ISP
We followed all instructions in the above link and completed programming our ISP Sucessfully.
Programming the fabisp
First we need to install avr utilities and avrdude (Version 6.1). Type the following commands in terminal for that,
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr binutils-avr gdb-avr avr-libc avrdude
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pmjdebruijn/avrdude-release
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install avrdude
Now connect the isp to Atmel Programmer and power it using mini usb cable.Now we have to download the firmware fro here. After unzipping the folder, open the folder and right click to select open terminal here.Then type following in terminal.
make clean
make hex
Now open the make file using notepad and replace line
#AVRDUDE = avrdude -c avrisp2 -P usb -p $(DEVICE)
by
AVRDUDE = avrdude -c atmelice_isp -P usb -p $(DEVICE)
Save the file and come back to terminal and enter the following commands to load the firmware to the ISP.
make fuse
make program
Completed FAB ISP
Now the ISP is ready, all we have to do now is just remove the SJ1 solder jumper by desoldering it.
Download all files here .
Day 2
Electronics Basics
Today we learned the basics of electronics circuits. Franc gave us a brief about the components that we use for electronics circuits like resisitors, capacitors, switchs, potentiometers etc. Also Franc gave us a brief lecture on basics about microcontrollers, registers, Fuses (HIGH, LOW, EXTENDED), Interrupts, ADCetc.
Capacitors
The capacitor is a component which has the ability or “capacity” to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.
Resisitors
Resistor Basics. Resistors are electronic components which have a specific, never-changing electrical resistance. The resistor's resistance limits the flow of electrons through a circuit.
Switch
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Diodes
A diode is an electrical device allowing current to move through it in one direction with far greater ease than in the other. The most common kind of diode in modern circuit design is the semiconductor diode, although other diode technologies exist.
Potentiometers
A potentiometer is a simple knob that provides a variable resistance.
Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
Microcontrollers
A microcontroller is a small and low-cost computer built for the purpose of dealing with specific tasks, such as displaying information in a microwave LED or receiving information from a television’s remote control. Microcontrollers are mainly used in products that require a degree of control to be exerted by the user. Microprocessors are used to execute big and generic applications, while a microcontroller will only be used to execute a single task within one application. Some of the benefits of microcontrollers include the following:
Fuses in Microcontrollers
Fuses essentially configuration parameters, or like the chip's BIOS.They control things like which oscillator to use, and what speed to run at (ie. the internal 8MHz oscillator, or an external crystal), brownout detection, and the size of the boot flash.
Registers in Microcontrollers
Register is a main part in the microcontrollers and processors that provide a fast way to collect and store data. If we want to manipulate data with a controller or processor by performing addition, subtraction, and so on, we cannot do that directly in the memory, but it needs registers to process and store the data. Microcontrollers contain several types of registers that can be classified according to their content or instructions that operate in them.
Interrupts in Microcontrollers
The interrupts refer to a notification, communicated to the controller, by a hardware device or software, on receipt of which controller momentarily stops and responds to the interrupt. Whenever an interrupt occurs the controller completes the execution of the current instruction and starts the execution of an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) or Interrupt Handler.
After these it was time to mill and solder separate fab isp. Since availability of mini USB Cables was less i decided to go with Andy Bardagjy's design the FabISPkey. This can be directly connected to USB Ports. I downloaded all required files frm Francs archive.
FAB ISP Key Process
Completed FAB ISP Key
I uses a double sided sticker without removing one end on the back of FAB ISP Key,so that it will be fit on USB Ports without any loose contact. Programming is smae as that of Neil's Version of Fab ISP since all the component and configuration used in FAB ISP Key is same. So just follow the instructions given in Day 2.
Day 3
Electronics Design usuing Kokopelli
Today Franc gave us a crash course in Kokopelli. Its an amazing software for designing circuits. I am used to Proteus and Orcard, but this is the first time using codig for creating PCB and circuit designing. Today we have to download the Hello World Board Cad file and we need to edit the same using Kokopelli to add an LED connected to Pin 8 and a Switch connected to Pin 7.
This is how to add a Led to the board
led=LED_1206('led')
# adding LED with label led
pcb=led.add(pcb,XTAL1.x,IC1.pad[5].y,z,180)
#Adding LED to PCB and giving x and y position according to other components position.
Code for making connections between components.
pcb = wire(pcb,w,led.pad[1],IC1.pad[5])
#this will connect pad 1 of LED and pad 5 of IC
Assignment: Add an LED and a button to Hello World board
Hello World Board Modified cad file.
Hello world Modified Circuit
Now we have to mill the circuit using Modella and solder the components.I had to wait in the queue for milling the pcb since there were peoples who completed pcb designing before me. It is almost 5pm when I got chance to mill the board. Completed milling in 15 mins and now its time to solder components. Now its very easy to solder after collecting components. I finished soldering within 15 mins.
Hello world Milled and soldered Circuit
Day 4
Embedded Programming
Today we learned about embedded programming. Embedded systems programming is the programming of an embedded system in some device using the permitted programming interfaces provided by that system.Franc explained us about different levels of programming language like High level languages, Mid Level Languages (C, C++), Low level languages (Assembly language). C is the most widely used language in programming.C remains a very popular language for micro-controller developers due to the code efficiency and reduced overhead and development time. C offers low-level control and is considered more readable than assembly.
Now franc gave us a brief idea about programming and he told us to add author, date, description and license information on the top of the code. He also suggested to comment code, so that later someone (even for us later) looking at our code can easily understand what is what. If we can program in assembly level it will allow us to have more freedom over the control of the device. Attiny 44 have 4k of memory and if we use Arduino IDE to program the Sketch libraries consume around 50 % of program memory and we have only remaining 50 % percent for our use. This is where Assembly level programming have advantage.
Programming Hello FTDI
We have our hello world board milled and soldered ready for program. we need to understand the pinout of ATTiny 44A for programming the board without any confusion.
Pinout of ATTiny 44 A
Inorder to program this we need our FAB ISP, a mini USB Cable , FTDI header cable and our hello world circuit.Now we have to connect the ISP to our laptop using the mini USB Cable and then connect the hello world board to our ISP (beware of orientation). Now start Arduino as root (sudo ./arduino @ terminal will do). Now make sure that we have ATTiny libraries added(Explained in week 1 Documentation). Also make sure that in Tools Menu we have selected Board as "ATTiny" and Processor as "Attiny 44 "and programmer as "usbtinyisp".
Now we were about to load blink program to the board, but i selected the fade program from the examples.Its pretty easy to burn program to the board, all we have to do is set the led pin as pin 8 (that is where we have connected LED in the board) and compile the program and just click upload.
/*
Fade
*/
int led = 8; // the pin that the LED is attached to
int brightness = 0; // how bright the LED is
int fadeAmount = 5; // how many points to fade the LED by
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// declare pin 8 to be an output:
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// set the brightness of pin 8:
analogWrite(led, brightness);
// change the brightness for next time through the loop:
brightness = brightness + fadeAmount;
// reverse the direction of the fading at the ends of the fade:
if (brightness == 0 || brightness == 255) {
fadeAmount = -fadeAmount ;
}
// wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect
delay(30);
}
Videp of Fade Led in Hello World Board
Serial communication (send something to computer, read something from computer)
In serial communication we use FTDI header to communicate with our Computer. The FTDI header have 6 Pins and the other end is USB with which we connect it to our Laptop.
FTDI Header
Generally we use SoftwareSerial headers for serial communication. So wee need to include the library in our program to enable serial communication. We wrote a program for turning on LED connected to pin 8 when we send character "c" from Laptop and send character "e" back when we press the button on the board.
The program
#include
const byte rxpin =0;
const byte txpin=1;
//set up a new serial
SoftwareSerial mySerial (rxpin, txpin);
void setup() {
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,INPUT);
digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
mySerial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
//reading serial chara
if (mySerial.read()=='c')
{
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
}
else {}
//reading reset press and serial printing
if (digitalRead(7)==LOW){
mySerial.print('e');
}
else {}
}
Now we connect the board to FAB ISP and coonect FTDI header to board and conncet the other end to Laptop. Now we have to burn the above program to the board using arduino ide. After burning the program to board and onece it is completed successfully we need to open the Serial monitor window and press the button in the board.
Serial Monitor Window after pressing button
When we send "c" using serial monitor the LED will glow. Thus we completed the serial communication via FTDI Header.


Best Amazon Black Friday Countdown tech deals including Alexa
Amazon has begun the run up to Black Friday 2019 with a string of deals including some featuring the Alexa voice assistant.
The retailer has started its Black Friday Countdown sales streak, which will continue up until Black Friday itself on November 29.
We’ve combed through some of the best gadget deals on offer right at the moment and included them below so you can see for yourself.
Whether you’re stocking up for Christmas or buying yourself a small treat, then this is pretty much the best time to pull the trigger.
Below you’ll find a selection of the best deals that we’ve come across. And remember to check back frequently because we’ll be adding more deals as and when they become available.
Samsung Galaxy S10 128 GB Hybrid-SIM Android Smartphone – Black (UK Version) – was £799 now £649
Ultimate Ears Megablast Bluetooth speaker with Amazon Alexa voice control – was £169.99 now £99.99
ASUS VivoBook X412 Full HD 14 Inch Laptop – was £399 now £320
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METIS
QUERY BUILDER
Alright METIS, Show me...
Save as
Dashboard
Link Analysis
Query Builder
CLAUSE
01
[
PERSON X
IS
IN
CHICAGO
]
CLAUSE
01
Entity 1
Entity 1
Entity 2
Entity 3
Person X
AND/OR
AND/OR
• Name
• Sentiment
• Occupation
• Date of birth
• Height
• Weight
• Address
OK
Cancel


URBAS is a Spanish real estate company that is responsible for the construction, promotion and sale of flats and management of real estate assets. It is one of the leading companies in the Henares corridor and with a strong national and international expansion plan. This real estate company that today capitalizes about 30 million euros and finds itself with a negative equity in its day was one of the most profitable of the Madrid park due to the effervescence of the real estate bubble. Just before the big rise, the company was controlled by another company based in Guadalajara, Guadahermosa, where the managers had almost 30% of the shares. Later, Guadahermosa would be integrated into Urbas (in 2006) , the direction of which is a great weight of Guadahermosa.
From 2011 the company would be filled with debts and flats without being able to sell, with what would begin the ordeal of all the companies in the sector. However, some more than others since, for example, Hercesa in Guadalajara would have sold almost all the houses and would have enough cash to keep everything that was not sold that is currently being built. That would paralyze the works in execution and without owners and would focus on other markets such as Romania or Hungary that had just entered the European Union and had a very high potential.
Urbas would not have done his homework well and went out into the open for a long time, having to sell many newly purchased assets at prices for a quarter of the cost to be able to clean up his accounts and even then year after year the debt would increase. Until 2014 when the activity of selling flats would begin to give signs of life. It is at that moment that the indicators of sales of apartments and employment began to turn when Urbas would begin to refloat projects and embark on some new ones. During almost all 2016 it would be one of the most controversial values of the park due to its nominal value. This would range between € 0.01 and € 0.013 for a long time being very close to technical bankruptcy since the CNMV suspended any value that was below the minimum. In fact at the end of 2018 it would be suspended and it would be put on the market after the controversial measure of the increase of decimals in the values.
These two years have greatly improved the situation in Madrid, with the employment rate being very high and where the flats and homes have been the most revalued in Spain. Furthermore, the disinvestments produced in Catalonia due to political instability and the neglect of institutions have positively influenced Madrid with a record company settlement and a very high turnover. This is very positive for real estate groups in the capital that already had projects in execution. Therefore the prospects of the company are good but there is still a very high debt for an income that 2 or 3 years ago were almost nil. Time will have to be allowed to see the results of 2020 and see if the promise of reducing debt by 60% in three years is fulfilled .
| ### | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debt/ Cash company | Total debt (M) | 169 | 123,4 | 126,4 | 195 |
| Profit/ Share value | ||||
| Capitalization(M) | 28,5 | 34,2 | 37 | 12,5 |
| EBDITA (M) | - | -0,2 | 0,5 | 7,1 |
| Net Profit (M) | - | 4,8 | 5,3 | 0,4 |
If we look at the fundamentals table, we observe how the results have been improving year after year since 2015 when the situation was unsustainable. In 2017 it was suspended for three months due to the lack of explanations by the company about its financial situation and its long-term project. That year, however, would be the year that would turn all the results into a better one, largely due to the fact that it was already the first year with sustained growth in the price of housing.
Last year, in 2018, the EBDITA would begin to have a normal value for the size of the company entering positive strongly. However, this increase did not affect the company's accounts, since the company had to pay interest on its financial debt. This debt is not very large if the EBDITA starts to rise and is placed at an acceptable value around 20-30 million. That would make the debt were like 7-10 years of activity of the company, similar to other companies in the continuous market and that if it continued to grow steadily it would go down .
If we look at the graph that is made in daily candles and runs just since the measure of BME was applied to add a decimal to the quotes. Since any attempt to make an average with respect to the period that was 1 cent would be bad because it did not reflect the real value that gave the market. Although the measure of the BME was no more than a speculative measure and still is not well known to those who benefit since the fall that occurred in many values was excessive and the facts give the reason. p>
The CNMV should answer them and not me.
Returning to the technician ..., the quote is about to make an HCH inverted once it exceeds the cent. It remains to be seen if it will be able to exceed € 0.027. That is the central resistance that has not come to overcome in the last five years. First of all to overcome this by far the penny and then the medium-term bearish line that originated from the highs of 2014. It would be very likely that he did not surpass it in the first attempt and went to look for the penny again.
The key is also in if the other values of the continuum surpass the centime that will undoubtedly help Urbas to do the same. These values are those found in this week's analysis thread: Abengoa B, Vertice 360 . Urbas has never been below the penny ever and Duro Felguera would rise first after the measure.
From here if one is invested in Urbas which is a value with which we must be very careful, would continue to invest until it reaches 1.5 cents and then cut the weight in half trying to buy if it possibly corrected in summer little by little. Then he would leave the value until it reached € 0.02. From there I would place a Stop Lost and try to sell as it was getting closer to the pure resistance of the value, € 0.027.
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Featured projects, walk-throughs, products, news, and more from the Spring Homes 2019 issue. Andreas Fuhrimann Gabrielle Hächler Architekten Brings Latin American Modernism to Swiss Villa. Jacques Hervouet Interiors Radically Remakes a Classic Paris Apartment.


A polynomial is an expression that can be built from constants and symbols called indeterminates or variables by means of addition, multiplication and exponentiation to a non-negative integer power. Two such expressions that may be transformed, one to the other, by applying the usual properties of commutativity, associativity and distributivity of addition and multiplication are considered as defining the same polynomial.
| Types | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Monomial |
Expression which is having only one term is known as monomial Eg: \(5x, 3a, 12k ...\) etc |
| Binomial |
Expression which is having two terms is known as binomial. Eg: \(3x-2,4x^{2} - 5\) |
| Trinomial |
Expression which is having three terms is known as trinomial. Eg: \(4x^{2}+ 7 x - 6 , 5y^{3}+ 2 y - 6\) |
Polynomial evaluation can be used to compute the remainder of polynomial division by a polynomial of degree one, because the remainder of the division of \(f(x)\) by \((x - a)\) is \(f(a)\).This is more efficient than the usual algorithm of division when the quotient is not needed.
A polynomial function is a function that can be defined by evaluating a polynomial. More
precisely, a function f of one argument from a given domain is a polynomial function if there
exists a polynomial
\(a_nx^{n}+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+....+a_2x^{2}+a_1x^{1}+a_0\)
that evaluates to \(f(x)\) for all \(x\) in the domain of \(f\).If the domain of this function
is also restricted to the reals, the resulting function maps reals to reals.
Every polynomial function is continuous, smooth, and entire.


%inherit file="/layout/wizard.html"/> <%namespace file="/lib.html" import="csrf_hidden_input, wizard_cancel_delete, wizard_errors"/>
${_('To send email you must set a valid MTA in email alert settings. Learn more.') % generateSelfHelpLink('learnmore.alert.email')}
* ${_('clientip, host (results with the same clientip and host)')} ${_('Learn more')} ${_('Learn more')} ${_('Learn more')}


EARTH GIRLS ARE EASY A film review by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1989 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: Helium-weight comedy has a typical Valley Girl (played by Geena Davis) meeting a bright blue furry alien (played by Jeff Goldblum looking like a flea- market bathmat). EARTH GIRLS is based on the Julie Brown song of the same title. Director Julien Temple also directed ABSOLUTE BEGINNERS and it was much better. Rating: high 0.
It all started when witty and moderately attractive Julie Brown nearly made it to being chosen homecoming queen. As she tells it, rather than just being disappointed she struck back by writing songs making fun of all the institutions her friends enjoyed. Her songs--now a popular staple of the Dr. Demento show--include "Everybody Run, the Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun," "'Cause I'm a Blond," and "Earth Girls Are Easy." The last was done in a Valley Girl accent as an air-head describes a close encounter of a fourth kind with non-humanoid aliens. When the song was sold to be made as a film, Brown rephrased it to delete the non-humanoid references. She also co-wrote the script and plays a prominent role in the film.
EARTH GIRLS ARE EASY hides the fact that it is really a British production, directed by Julian Temple. Temple directed the kinetically stunning ABSOLUTE BEGINNERS, which unfortunately never found its market and which died at the boxoffice. EARTH GIRLS is a much less ambitious film, but it probably is light and mindless enough to make the profit the other film missed.
EARTH GIRLS ARE EASY opens with a sort of pop-art spaceship in a pop- art space scene. Inside are three shaggy aliens, each one of the primary colors (red, yellow, and blue), and each looking for female companionship. Loneliest of all is Mac (played by Jeff Goldblum), who is not just merely blue, he's really most sincerely blue. But our three aliens strike it lucky: they pick up a television broadcast from Earth and discover that this planet has girls!
Meanwhile, one such girl is Valerie (played by Geena Davis--a mere decade too old for the role). Valerie, the Valley Girl air-head of the song, is engaged to Ted (played by--can you believe it?--Charles Rocket!), a doctor who cannot resist *playing* doctor whenever he is given the opportunity. Julie catches Ted about to play "Dr. Love" with a nurse and she throws him out of his own house.
[Sorry--this next part has to be done in Valley Girl accent.] Well, like she's feeling all bummed out the next day, ya know, and like sitting next to Ted's pool soaking up sun when--like wow!--this totally tubular spaceship falls out of the sky and like, ya know, splashes down right there in the pool. Awesome! She should know she can't make it with Mac because he's like blue, ya know, and all covered with hair. And, like they're from two different worlds. But then, hey, this is science fiction. [Okay, that's enough of that.]
Temple's view of Americans is not very perceptive. His production numbers look like they are borrowed from GREASE and from 1960s beach blanket movies. He does have one very nice dream sequence, an homage to the props of better-known science fiction films, but that is as close as EARTH GIRLS ARE EASY ever gets to art. If there is an idea to this sci-fi (in the worst sense) film Temple has made clear that it is an unwelcome guest and has sentenced it to solitary confinement. I rate this cotton candy film a 0 on the -4 to +4 scale. Like wow.
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[§846D-7] Penalty. Any person who knowingly permits the dissemination of information in violation of this chapter, or any person who gains unauthorized access to information in the juvenile justice information system, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. [L 1991, c 311, pt of §2]


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Next: Mean Place Transformations
Up: EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES
Previous: Aberration
A particularly confusing aspect of published mean places is that they
are sensitive to the precise way they were determined. A mean
place is not directly observable, even with fundamental
instruments such as transit circles, and to produce a mean
place will involve relying on some existing star catalogue,
for example the fundamental catalogues FK4 and FK5,
and applying given mathematical models of precession, nutation,
aberration and so on.
Note in particular that no star catalogue,
even a fundamental catalogue such as FK4 or
FK5, defines a coordinate system, strictly speaking;
it is merely a list of star positions and proper motions.
However, once the stars from a given catalogue
are used as position calibrators, e.g. for
transit-circle observations or for plate reductions, then a
broader sense of there being a coordinate grid naturally
arises, and such phrases as ``in the system of
the FK4'' can legitimately be employed. However,
there is no formal link between the
two concepts - no ``standard least squares fit'' between
reality and the inevitably flawed catalogues. All such
catalogues suffer at some level from systematic, zonal distortions
of both the star positions and of the proper motions,
and include measurement errors peculiar to individual
stars.
Many of these complications are of little significance except to
specialists. However, observational astronomers cannot
escape exposure to at least the two main varieties of
mean place, loosely called
FK4 and FK5, and should be aware of
certain pitfalls. For most practical purposes the more recent
system, FK5, is free of surprises and tolerates naive
use well. FK4, in contrast, contains two important traps:
- The FK4 system rotates at about
per century relative to distant galaxies.
This is manifested as a systematic distortion in the
proper motions of all FK4-derived catalogues, which will
in turn pollute any astrometry done using those catalogues.
For example, FK4-based astrometry of a QSO using plates
taken decades apart will reveal a non-zero fictitious proper
motion, and any FK4 star which happens to have zero proper
motion is, in fact, slowly moving against the distant
background. The FK4 frame rotates because it was
established before the nature of the Milky Way, and hence the
existence of systematic motions of nearby stars, had been
recognized.
- Star positions in the FK4 system are part-corrected for
annual aberration (see above) and embody the so-called
E-terms of aberration.
The change from the old FK4-based system to FK5
occurred at the beginning
of 1984 as part of a package of resolutions made by the IAU in 1976,
along with the adoption of J2000 as the reference epoch. Star
positions in the newer, FK5, system are free from the E-terms, and
the system is a much better approximation to an
inertial frame (about five times better).
It may occasionally be convenient to specify the FK4 fictitious proper
motion directly. In FK4, the centennial proper motion of (for example)
a QSO is:
+((
Next: Mean Place Transformations
Up: EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES
Previous: Aberration
SLALIB --- Positional Astronomy Library
Starlink User Note 67
P. T. Wallace
12 October 1999
E-mail:ptw@star.rl.ac.uk


Police Involved Deaths - England and Wales 2004-2016
The inner ring of this visualisation shows the type of deaths and outer ring further breaks down each type of death into the ethnicity of the deceased. Since 2004 there have been 1753 police related deaths in England and Wales.
Source: IPCC (2016) Deaths during or following police contact. Available at: https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/page/deaths-during-or-following-police-contact(Accessed: 2016).


1180 STUDIOS NEWARK FIRST FRIDAYS
Curated vibrations for a house fête or kickback:
GalleryRetail (GR) has hosted art experiences across the country and worked with an array of organizations. These activities include consulting for Newark Celebration 350, the City of Newark, Design Philadelphia for Art of the Kickback, Quick Culture Meetup at Newark Riverfront Park, live painting performances at PEX Summer Festival, and many community arts events about Newark (NJ) and beyond. GR will grow into a hub for goods, talent, and resources. Artists, entrepreneurs, community leaders, and individual consumers will all have a place in the innovation lab, business incubator, and coworking environment GalleryRetail will soon be.
The ambition is to empower others and create opportunity. As the late Imamu Amiri Baraka said, “Art is a weapon in the struggle of ideas, the class struggle.” Paint, canvas, words, and even business are tools to impact our communities. My true media are the communities I am apart of. If I can inspire, connect, and enable others to do their best work, then I am successful.
Have a question, or want to work with us?
Feel free to email, or drop us a line via text!
designsbyzay@me.com


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The Aeronauts: Wellington film screening with talk from Shropshire balloon legend
by Rob SmithWellington's newest cinema will host a ballooning adventurer for its latest screening of a film with Shropshire connections.
The Wellington Orbit cinema will be showing ‘The Aeronauts’, starring Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones. The first screening later this month will include a presentation by Oswestry-based Per Lindstrand, the aeronautical engineer responsible for the design of the film’s balloon.
See also:
- The Aeronauts: Shropshire's modern day balloon man involved in blockbuster film
- The Aeronauts: How new film about historic Shropshire accident blurs lines of history to make way for heroine
- The Aeronauts: Eddie Redmayne speaks as co-star injured in making of film about historic Shropshire accident
The Aeronauts is a British drama in which a scientist and an adventurer attempt to fly higher in a gas air balloon than any others previously have travelled.
Born in Sweden but based in Oswestry since 1978, Mr Lindstrand is an aeronautical engineer, pilot, pioneer and adventurer. He has held every world record for hot air balloon flight in terms of distance, duration and altitude, and is particularly known for his series of record-breaking trans-oceanic hot air balloon flights with Sir Richard Branson.
He also features in the Guinness Book of Records.
Mr Lindstrand said: "We have been making balloons on the same spot in Oswestry for over 41 years, and we have been involved with many films before ‘The Aeronauts’, including ‘Green Ice, ‘The Great Muppet Caper’ and ‘Superman 3’.”
Sophie Eades, chief officer of Wellington Orbit said: "We are so excited about Per’s visit, to meet with and listen to such a ballooning and aeronautical legend is going to be fascinating, and to listen to him talking about his involvement with the film is going to be very interesting."
The talk will start at 7pm on Friday, November 22, with the film starting at 7.30pm.
Tickets can be booked online at www.wellingtonorbit.co.uk


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