Developer’s guide.¶
stk
is a fairly simple library. The key design principle is
modularity and atomicity. The basic dependency structure is that
any module can depend on things defined in the utilities
module but all other top-level modules, such as calculators
and molecular
should be completely independent of one another.
Within these top level modules, sub-modules should still be defined in
as dependency free way as possible, though exceptions can be made in
rare and extreme circumstances where it makes sense. For example
molecules
imports a couple of tools from
functional_groups
utilities
defines general purpose tools, molecular
defines tools dealing with molecules and calculators
defines
calculator objects. Each calculator type should be defined in its
own sub-module with additional sub-folders to make everything as tidy
and logically cohesive as possible.


--- title: Home ---
| `toggle` directive parameters | |
|---|---|
| toggle | Possible values are `on`, `off` or `toggle` (default to `toggle`) |
| target | The `id` of the corresponding toggleable. One of `target` or `targetClass` is required. |
| targetClass | The `class` of the corresponding toggleable. One of `target` or `targetClass` is required. Notice that this wont select nodes with dom methods. |
| bubble | If `bubble` is set `[toggle]` does not capture the click event and let it to be propagated to dom. |
| activeClass | The `class` the element will acquire when corresponding target is active and that will be removed when target is inactive. Does not affect `targetClass`. |
| inactiveClass | The `class` the element will acquire when corresponding target is inactive and that will be removed when target is active. Does not affect `targetClass`. |
| parentActiveClass | The `class` the parent of the element will acquire when corresponding target is inactive and that will be removed when target is active. Does not affect `targetClass`. |
| parentInactiveClass | The `class` the parent of the element will acquire when corresponding target is inactive and that will be removed when target is active. Does not affect `targetClass`. |
| `toggleable` directive parameters | |
|---|---|
| exclusionGroup | Instruct the element to _"turn itself off"_ when another element of the same `exclusionGroup` is activated. |
| default | The initial state of the element `active` or `inactive` (default to `inactive`). |
| activeClass | The `class` the element will acquire when is active and that will be removed when is inactive. |
| inactiveClass | The `class` the element will acquire when is inactive and that will be removed when is active. |
| parentActiveClass | The `class` the parent of the element will acquire when is inactive and that will be removed when is active. |
| parentInactiveClass | The `class` the parent of the element will acquire when is inactive and that will be removed when is active. |
``` The purpose of this code is to create a black `lightbulb` icon getting colored when it turns on. The `lightbulb` should be turned on and off by three switches. The first alternates its state, the second turns it on and the latter turns it off. `#lightbulb` is a `[toggleable]` that wraps a lightbulb icon in form of font icon. When activated it acquires the `text-primary` class, thus being highlighted with the primary color. The first `[toggle]` turns on and off the `#lightbulb` depending of its state. It also reflects the `#lightbulb` activation since when lightbulb is active it takes the `active` class. Second and third `[toggle]` are only sending `on` or `off` commands to `#lightbulb`. Try this example in the demo #### Programmatic API Toggle module exposes the `toggle` and `toggleByClass` functions through `$rootScope` to interact with `[toggleable]` in a programmatic way. This will let you do something like that: ``` html
| `yieldTo` directive parameters | |
|---|---|
| yieldTo | An unique name to reference the placeholder. |
| [content] | The default content. Default content is restored each time on `$routeChangeStart`. |
| `contentFor` directive parameters | |
|---|---|
| contentFor | An unique name to reference the placeholder. |
| duplicate | Indicates whether the content should be duplicated instead of moved. |
| [content] | The content to take place in the placeholder. |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Dolorem, ex eaque possimus ipsa ab quasi quos corporis consequatur laudantium? Ab assumenda delectus quo velit voluptates doloribus. Earum odit facilis qui.
Ok Cancel


Quickly take some time and answer these questions to help improve the park system
Which park did you go to?
How clean was the park during your visit?
What parts of the park need to the most improvement? (Select as many as apply)
Anything else you want to add?


Start Tracking Your Fasting Time!
Last Eat (
Seconds
)
0
00
Last FastTrack Period (Hours)
0.00
Track Fast
History


How to Succeed in the Workplace? Go to Lunch!
Something I learned very early on in my working career, not so much from my experiences but from observing the results of others, was to engage at a social level as early possible. This doesn’t mean you have to take time after 5:00 to get to know someone, the best opportunity exists every single day during what you would already do, lunch! Everyone usually takes a break and eats lunch during the day, usually there’s two groups in an office. Those that always go out, and those that bring their lunch or meet others for lunch or maybe even work through it. If you notice those in the first group in your office my guess it’s usually easier for them to get things done, they’re normally a little more in touch with things that are going on. Especially if you can manage to branch out a little and go outside of the people you work with every moment of the day.
It’s generally one thing when you come to work and do you’re job. But no matter how large or small the company you can’t entirely separate the work from the personal, and personalities come out and it becomes some form of factor. Yes, most people are professional, but at the end of the day you’re more likely to help someone that you like even if you’re busy, than someone you don’t. Maybe you have a 50-50 chance of being liked, but I’d say by being disliked you’re not going to get help any slower really.
I know there’s a few people reading this and thinking, this is fine, but I don’t really want to spend money on eating out every day. In my experience the extra knowledge you gain is well worth the price. When you through an executive level person, a developer, a sales guy, a marketing person, and some middle management into a single lunch outing, all come away with a lot of insight into area’s of the business they had little exposure to. This come’s back to my post about leaders and developers, if the people in your business only understand what they do and nothing outside you’re as a whole going to be less effective. Most people in your company don’t think this way, by doing it you’ll become more effective than the average person.
And to think, it all starts with something as simple as going out to lunch. It’s the reason that from day 1, to being a veteran in a company, when someone asks “Do you have plans for lunch?” 90% of the time my answer is “No, when do you want to go?”


Education:
Bachelor of Science, Computer Science Major
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN
3.14 GPA
Skills:
- Language: Fluent in Hebrew
- Programming Languages: Java, Python, Java Script, CSS, HTML
- Proficient in using excel
Relevant Classes:
Introduction to Software Development, Object Oriented Software Development, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis,
Introduction to Web Programming, Introduction to Computer Systems
Experience:
- Rose Hulman Ventures Software Engineering Intern
- Developed and maintainedtrack and trace supply chain software for marijuana growing facilities
- Facilitated communication between our team and the client to properly understand their requests for their software
- Teacher's Aid, Moriah Family School
- Taught children in grades k-3 how to read and write Hebrew and positively contribute to the class
- Swim Instructor and Life Guard
- Assistant Travel Baseball coach, DYBA


--- ---
Ever needed to modify/read a bitmap? Using TBitamp.Canvas.Pixels is works just fine, but when you try it with a larger bitmap you'll notice the problem.
TBitmap.Canvas.Pixels provides an easy way to access pixels but it's very slow. A way to get around this is to use ScanLine() to work on the bitmap. What do we get back? Every timem you change TBitmap.Canvas.Pixels the bitmap is redrawn. This of course consumes resources and valuable time. ScanLine() leaves this decision up to you, the programmer. There is a little catch here, though. When using Canvas.Pixels[] you get in return a TColor value, but when using ScanLine() you get back the bytes of the line. What does this mean? Well, you have to worry about what is Red, Green and Blue. With Canvas.Pixels[] you could've used GetRValue(), GetBValue() or GetGValue(), but with scan line you have to remember: each pixel is made of 3 values: Red, Green and Blue. You have to make sure you are reading the correct value.
Look at this code:
var iX : Integer; Line: PByteArray; ... Line := Image1.ScanLine[0]; // We are scanning the first line iX := 0; // We can't use the 'for' loop because iX could not be modified from // within the loop repeat Line[iX] := Line[iX] - $F; // Red value Line[iX + 1] := Line[iX] - $F; // Green value Line[iX + 2] := Line[iX] - $F; // Blue value Inc(iX, 3); // Move to next pixel until iX > (Image1.Width - 1) * 3;
As you can see you each color is now made of 3 values, so if you miscalculate the next trio (may happen) you will be editing/reading garbage. Not only will you mix up Red, Green and Blue but you will be reading values from two neighbouring pixels.
Here's code that show how to reads the Red and Blue values and switched them.
var btTemp: Byte; // Used to swap colors iY, iX: Integer; Line : PByteArray; ... for iY := 0 to Image1.Height - 1 do begin Line := Image1.ScanLine[iY]; // Read the current line repeat btSwap := Line[iX]; // Save red value Line[iX] := Line[iX + 2]; // Switch red with blue Line[iX + 2] := btSwap; // Switch blue with previously saved red // Line[iX + 1] - Green value, not used in example Inc(iX, 3); until iX > (Image1.Width - 1) * 3; end; Image1.Invalidate; // Redraw bitmap after everything's done
The example is quite simple yet it should explain the usage of this function.
Note: This code only works with 24 bit pixel format bitmaps. You should ensure the bitmap's PixelFormat property is set to pf24bit.


Products | Recipes | About Dal Giardino | Where to Buy
Sadly Dal Giardino is not actually available in the real world, but we like to think that somewhere there's a family sitting down to a marvellous meal prepared entirely using only Dal Giardino products. If it existed, it would be sublime.


BROOKLYN NINE-NINE Officially Coming Back for Season 8!
by Jessica FisherWe’ve got great news for all you Brooklyn Nine-Nine fans! The series is officially set to return for an eighth season on NBC! I’m so happy because this is one of mine and my husband’s favorite shows. It always cracks me up, and has the best writing and characters.
The series stars Andy Samberg, Joe Lo Truglio, Melissa Fumero, Terry Crews, Andre Braugher, Stephanie Beatriz, Dirk Blocker, Joel McKinnon Miller, and Chelsea Peretti. The network’s Co-President Scripted Programming Tracey Pakosta delivered the news to the cast during a table read recently, and you can watch their reaction to the new in the video below.
According to Deadline, Brooklyn 99 “is believed to be the most popular off-network live-action comedy on Hulu.” It was also last season’s #1 most-social primetime comedy series across television, earning 9 million total interactions.
Watch the upcoming seventh season on Thursday, February 6th, 2020.


Last updated: October, 2017.
If you're using a consumer router, it's probably vulnerable to KRACK.
This small guide covers installing the LEDE firmware, and ensuring wpad is updated.
1. Install LEDE.
Not all routers are supported by LEDE. Search for your router here to verify support.
If your router is suported, click View/Edit data in the Device Techdata column. Download the Firmware LEDE Install URL firmware.
If your router is running another custom firmware, properly revert to the factory firmware first. DD-WRT, for example, provide a reversion binary to return to factory firmware (on a per-router basis).
Exercise caution when flashing custom router firmware. It's possible to brick your router if you flash incorrect firmware. Do not power off the router during the flashing process. It's also a safe idea to not reboot the router for 20-30 minutes after flashing. Do not reboot the router from the power source (do so via the GUI, or SSH).
By default, LEDE uses the local IP address <IP_ADDRESS>. The router GUI will be available via this address after successfully flashing the firmware.
The default username is root, and the default password is blank (as in an empty string). Set a password.
2. Verifying LEDE is not vulnerable to KRACK.
LEDE itself is patched against KRACK since version 17.01.4. If you flashed a verison equal to, or newer than, this version - you are secure.
You can manually verify (and upgrade) wpad via opkg.
SSH into the router
ssh<EMAIL_ADDRESS>In Windows, you'll need to use PuTTY.
Check the current version of wpad (or wpad-mini in many releases).
opkg info wpad-mini
wpad is patched against KRACK since version 2016-12-19-ad02e79d-5.
Also check the current version of hostapd-common.
opkg info hostapd-common
hostapd-common is patched against KRACK since version 2016-12-19-ad02e79d-5.
Upgrade packages using opkg.
opkg update
List all upgradable packages.
opkg list-upgradable
To upgrade a package, use opkg upgrade.
This command will upgrade wpad-mini and hostapd-common. You can safely upgrade all upgradable packages.
opkg upgrade wpad-mini hostapd-common
Finally, reboot the router.
reboot
3. You are done.
When configuring WiFi in LEDE, use WPA2-PSK as the Encryption algorithm and Force CCMP (AES) as the Cipher.
LEDE, since version 17.01.4, provides a GUI option to complicate attacks like KRACK - this can optionally be enabled.
I recommend uBlock Origin to protect against Disqus tracking and advertising.


| # | Name | Description | Author | Price | Published Date | Published By | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{$index + 1}} | {{book.name}} | {{book.description}} | {{book.authors[0].name.first}} {{book.authors[0].name.last}} | {{book.price}} | {{book.publish.date | date:'dd-MM-yyyy'}} | {{book.publish.by}} | ||
|
|
Click on the Add Book button to add a new book to the application.
The above table presents all the books stored in our presented mLab (MongoDb). The edit
button appends an edit form with the table row to edit the details of the books. Also, you can find
the edit button with navigation to another page in Author's section.
The delete
button deletes a book permenantly from the database.
The ObjectID
of the book is used to query and delete from the database.
All given data tables are limited to 5 rows. You can change it by deleting the following code
segment from applied ng-repeats.
< | limitTo: 5 >


This documentation accommodates articles of our reactive-form-validators posted on various platforms.
If you are thinking the reactive form code must be readable, extensible and maintainable without writing more business logic in the Component. Expecting the below problems intuitive solution then I would suggest Class Driven Strongly Typed solution would be the best solution.
In this article, we will discuss the reactive forms approach with decorator based validation. But before going into that first I will explain how to work without the decorator approach.
Conditional validation is possible with a simpler, neater and lesser code with just using one property during assigning the validator during the formControl initialization itself
In such cases, whenever we reset the form it clears the input value but what if we want to reset the form to the initialized values. I found a solution to it using resetForm method of @rxweb/reactive-form-validators
Hello all! In this article, we will talk about reactive forms and how to set up a generic engine to handle errors without the need of creating repetitive conditional code to show error messages based on the current state of our reactive form.
Enterprise applications build in angular are not just data binding components, they involve lots of new business rules, use cases implemented everyday with a lot of increasing complexity to fulfill the application needs.
Components are tend to process for performing various actions on the data which involves large forms including formArrays, nested form groups and complex types of validations which involve a lot of custom business logic to be written which results to lengthy and clumsy code of the component. While using model driven approach all these things are maintained in the model class and then the props are grouped in the form as a control
While using model driven approach in angular reactive forms, we might be in need to use the properties of base class into derived class. Here is a way to access properties of base class into derived class and also hide the complexity of inherited classes.
Reactive forms are complex, Hence they must be strongly typed with the respective model. This can be achieved through IFormGroup
When it to comes to large data oriented forms, complexity increases while validating the controls and so it becomes necessary to use a better and efficient approach to validate them.
When multiple validations are involved in a single formControl, we need to put multiple *ngIf in the HTML and bind the respective validator's error messages which makes the code clumsy. Here, we will discuss the approach of showing error message in a better and simplified way.
Here, we discuss the approach of unique value validation on FormControl inside the FormArray. we build a Job Application Form, where the user can enter about his name and skills. Skills must be unique.
File validation is a little bit clumsy task to do in the angular reactive forms. Here we discuss how we can optimize the code and achieve our goal to validate the file before passing to the server.
We discuss how we can validate the decimal number and also format the number as per the locale of the application. We usually create a custom validator for numeric validation and the custom directive to format the number(120,875,256.25). But here, we do not create any custom validator/directive to fulfill the need. We use RxwebValidators to validate the decimal value as well as format the number.
Here, we discuss the approach of how to compare the password with the RxwebValidators.
Here we discuss the new approach to show the error message conditionally without *ngIf. We usually write *ngIf with the long expression on the HTML element to show the error message conditionally 😏 .
Angular provides an easy way to show the error message. But when multiple error messages are coming into the picture on single FormControl, then the code will be messed up on the HTML.
we have used decorator based validation in the reactive form via the model object. Let’s extend the discussion on decorator based validation in Angular reactive form. Here, we will discuss the new way of FormGroup data binding with nested FormGroup and FormArray
Here, We will discuss model object based reactive form validation, which overcomes the current challenges of angular reactive forms.
Take the advantage of @rxweb/reactive-form-validators library validation decorators within the Angular based application without writing a much code in the component.


Fire Scripts ToolKit
Tools
Home
Getting Started
Connect
Screensaver
Install APKs
Send Files
Dark Mode
Fire Scripts Toolkit
Start!


Patrick Anderson (CRA)
UFHCC Clinical Trials Office
Effort Tracking
New OSR
*Agent
*Event Date
Issued Date
Drug Company
OSR Report#
Subject Description
Death within
Hospitalization
Follow-Up No.
Reviewed by the DSMB
Sponsor Comments
Toxicity
Internal Tracking
OffCore: Offline Conceptualization and Rendition Environment


Namespace signals
Signals Namespace - A lightweight (1k minified) pure JavaScript PubSub library
Defined in: signals.js.
Method Detail
<static>
signals.broadcast(signalName, arg)
Broadcast to all listeners of the given signal to execute.
- Parameters:
- {string} signalName Optional
- The signal.
- {Object} arg Optional
- Will be passed to each function as the argument.
<static>
{boolean}
signals.isObservable(signalName)
Check if Signal is observable.
- Parameters:
- {string} signalName Optional
- The signal.
- Returns:
- {boolean} if signal is observable.
<static>
{Number}
signals.listenerCount(signalName)
Gets the count of Listeners for the given Signal.
- Parameters:
- {string} signalName Optional
- The signal.
- Returns:
- {Number} Number of Listeners. (default = 0).
<static>
{function}
signals.proxy(signalName)
Return a broadcast function for the given signal.
- Parameters:
- {string} signalName Optional
- The signal.
- Returns:
- {function} when executed will broadcast for given sigalName.
<static>
signals.subscribe(The, Array, context)
Add a Listener or collection of listeners to the given Signal.
- Parameters:
- {string} The
- signals name.
- {Object} Array
- of Functions or function that should be added to the Signal.
- {Object} context Optional
- Context on which the listener will be executed (object that should represent the `this`. (default = window)


About Chase (A.K.A. DejaBrew)
I have been trading for six years. I started off using paper trading apps on my iPhone when I was in high school. Once I began to understand what I was doing I was able to turn a massive profit in my paper trading sims. The problem was the knowledge I acquired did not come easy. I searched everywhere I could online for high-quality content that didn't seem like a scam and wouldn't cost me thousands of dollars. Unfortunately, this type of content was hard to find. Once I got tired of searching online I began to hunt down the best trading books I could find. After reading book after book I began to see a massive improvement in my trading. I now understood how to be profitable and all I needed was a system that worked. I then began to create this system from scratch. After years of tweaking and testing, I finally have a strategy and trading system that is proven to be profitable. This course will go over everything you need to know to jump-start your trading, from beginner to expert. This course will also provide you with access to my proprietary trading strategies, indicators, and scanners. I will not only provide you the tools you need to be successful, I will teach you how to use them. I hope to guide you into becoming a profitable trader and help you obtain financial freedom.
Twitch Embedded
I have been a member of Twitch since 2012.
I started streaming sometime in 2013, but it was not trading related.
I had a small following, but due to work and school, I had to stop streaming.
I restarted my stream on January 1st, 2018 when Twitch created a Crypto trading section.
I instantly received amazing feedback from my viewers and quickly obtained my sub button.
Within a month I was averaging over 60 viewers a stream with over a hundred subs.
The community was strong. After the hype of the new "crypto section" died down and bitcoin began to tank, so did my viewership.
But due to my continued effort to bring the greatest amount of value to the crypto section my channel has continued to grow.
With almost a cult-like following and loyal fans, I have been able to make this my full-time job.
The BrewCrew is one of the most dedicated and loyal communities on Twitch and we've only been around for a few months.
Schedule : Days / Times
- Ask Questions, Get Answers
- Live Trading Daily
- Educational Environment
- Proprietary Indicators, Strategies, and Scanners


Thermal preference metrics – About
Status:
Shiny app calculator - in progress
R code - functional
Click here to download the R script plus an example input and output files
The thermal preference metric calculator calculates three types of metrics (number of taxa, % taxa and % individuals) for seven thermal preference categories:
Cold stenotherm
Cold
Cool
Cool/warm
Warm
Warm stenotherm
Eurythermal
Thermal preference assignments from Stamp et al. (in progress)
are available but
not yet citable. They are based on a large benthic macroinvertebrate
dataset from freshwater wadeable streams in Oregon and Washington and
the Maximum Weekly Maximum Temperature (MWMT) metric from the
NorWeST
modeled stream temperature dataset. Samples were collected from
June-October. Stamp et al. employed a systematic, data-driven and
repeatable approach to assign 532 taxa to the seven thermal preference
categories listed above.
More metrics (beyond thermal indicators) are available in the BioMonTools R package. You can request the addition of new metrics to the R package or Shiny app by emailing Erik<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or posting your request on the BioMonTools GitHub discussion page.
Last updated 2022-10-13


{{> head}}
{{> nav}}
Admin
Where we can break things
{{#if notification}}
{{notification.msg}}
{{/if}}
Translations
Users
isMakers
Show colour breakdown
import Recommended CSV
delete Objects by ids
delete Constituents by ids
delete Exhibitions by ids
delete BibiolographicData by ids
delete Events by ids
delete Concepts by ids
Rerun XML import from local file
{{#each config.tms}}
Reimport {{stub}} XML file
{{/each}}
Danger-ish
Reset the colours
Re-aggregate object fields
DANGER!
Blow away index for objects
Blow away index for authors
{{> tail}}


Yammertime is a continuous stream of messages on Yammer, the private social network for your company.
To get started, sign in.


Item Attributes
Location
Submit
#
Name
Action
1
Main Library
|
2
Physics Department
Edit
|
Delete
Item Status
Submit
Borrowable
true
false
Reservable
true
false
#
Name
B
R
Action
1
Name1
true
true
|
2
Name2
true
False
Edit
|
Delete


Who
Are
We
A group of seven people, passionate about every new challenge, decided to surpass their limits and go
beyond norms. Coming from different backgrounds and cultures: Abdallah, Ahmad ,Duaa ,Humam ,Khalil, Nawal , and Shukri
enrolled themselves into a new mission.
Having started to research, study, and analyze latest trends about information technology and
software development, and partnering with ASAC department from LTUC who offer special training
programs, the team, was on a surprising appointment with success, they founded their first startup
and lunched their first product.
ZadShelves is a platform to spread and share
knowledge, science, and wisdom that resides in many books buried in-between old shelves.
Any community can start to share and exchange their books utilizing ZadShelves website features and back office services to collect and deliver
physical books in addition to Zad copies. Using ZadShelves any member can ‘donate’ his books for others to ‘borrow’, a book
can be of any category, any topic, for any age
We, hereby, invite you to meet our team


WELCOME TO ROYALTEX
Premier textiles provide for leisure restaurants
ABOUT OUR ROYALTEX
RoyalTex Australia is an Australian Owned Company offers an incomparable range of hundreds of products for the Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Textiles & Home Textiles from our own Manufacturing plant in India since 1973
Being established in the year 1973 and having latest manufacturing facilities plus vast experience of 45 years in this textile sector assures our buyers of a prompt service and timely shipment competitively priced. The much appreciated Quality Management System of ROYAL TEX is now Certified under SEDEX* standards. We have an annual turnover of around 3 million US Dollars and strength of over 50 dedicated employees. We have a wide product range spreading from Kitchen linen, designer bathroom collections and Horeca range of Bed & Bath linen .We have been appreciated by all our customers for our innovative ideas which reflect our uniqueness in Product design / Style & manufacturing as per precise needs of the client. This helps our client to market our supplies with an added advantage.
QUALITY POLICY:
We, at ROYAL TEX are committed to our customer's satisfaction by supplying various Home Textile Products and Made ups not only as per confirmed specifications but also with utmost care to deliver them on time. This is achieved by teamwork, improved relationship with customer's and continuous improvement through the enhanced quality system designed to adapt to regular changes in quality policies of our customer's
INFRASTRUCTURE:
We have an advanced and spacious facility, which is spread across 23, 000 sq. fts. Our facility is equipped with different machines with the latest technology. These machines are operated by our experts in order to manufacture superior quality products.
OUR PRODUCTS WE PROVIDE
We could proud provide a largest collection textile for Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Textiles & Home Textiles across Australia
Tea Towel
- Business /
Bath Towel
- Business /
Printed Tea Towel
- Business /
Glass Cloth
- Business /
Dish Cloth
- Business /
Table Cloth
- Business /
Calico Bag
- Business /
Canvas Bag
- Business /
Cushion Cover
- Business /
Jute Bag
- Business /
Curtain Cloth
- Business /
Home Textiles
- Business /
Draw Sheet
- Business /
Bed Sheet
- Business /
Thermal Blanket
- Business /
Face Washer
- Business /
Apron
- Business /
Glove
- Business /
Contact Info
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majori have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a pas of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor ididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
-
Address
D3 1-13 The Gateway, Broadmeadows, vic 3047
-
Phone
+88<PHONE_NUMBER>8
-
Email
backpiper.com@gmail.com


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Server error{% endblock %} {% block content %}
It's not you it's us, we did something wrong didn't we?


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| EvaluatingSchemeDHT | |
| OperationMapper<K extends FutureDHT<?>> |
The operations that create many RPC.
|
| ReplicationListener | |
| SearchableBuilder | |
| Storage |
The storage is typically backed by multiple Java collections (HashMap, TreeMap, etc.).
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AddBuilder | |
| CumulativeScheme | |
| DHTBuilder<K extends DHTBuilder<K>> |
Every DHT builder has those methods in common.
|
| DigestBuilder | |
| DistributedHashTable | |
| FutureDHT<K extends BaseFuture> | |
| FutureDigest |
The future object for put() operations including routing.
|
| FutureGet |
The future object for get() operations including routing.
|
| FuturePut |
The future object for put() operations including routing.
|
| FutureRemove |
The future object for put() operations including routing.
|
| FutureSend |
The future object for put() operations including routing.
|
| GetBuilder | |
| ParallelRequestBuilder<K extends FutureDHT<?>> | |
| PeerBuilderDHT | |
| PeerDHT | |
| PutBuilder | |
| RangeLock<K extends Comparable<K>> | |
| RemoveBuilder | |
| SendBuilder | |
| StorageLayer | |
| StorageMemory | |
| StorageRPC |
The RPC that deals with storage.
|
| UtilsDHT | |
| VotingSchemeDHT |
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| StorageLayer.ProtectionEnable | |
| StorageLayer.ProtectionMode | |
| StorageLayer.PutStatus |
Copyright © 2016. All rights reserved.


Mum's fury as Deliveroo charges her for KFC birthday feast but fails to deliver
A mix-up when entering her address on the company's website left a mum-of-six hungry and £28.29 out of pocket
by Ben WeichA mum has blasted Deliveroo after the firm failed to deliver a KFC meal meant as a birthday surprise for her daughter - but still charged her for it.
Dawn Bayley, 38, complained to Stoke-on-Trent Live that a mix-up when entering her address on the Deliveroo website left her hungry and £28.29 out of pocket.
She had intended to treat birthday girl Erica, 11, to a fried chicken feast , along with her sisters Tinisha-Jade, 12, two-year-old Alysia-Rose and their grandmother, Angela, 61.
It was the first time Dawn, from Bucknall, near Stoke, had used Deliveroo.
Having inadvertently entered both her current and former address, an unfortunate delivery driver was sent to the latter.
A confused delivery driver angrily rebuked Dawn over the phone, telling her he could not deliver the meal to her current address - but that she would still be charged the full bill.
She said: "I was going into hospital the next day, which was Erica’s birthday, so we decided to have her treat the night before and she wanted KFC.
“I put this address in but my phone is linked to my old address... so it somehow changed to that one, but left both house numbers.
 I realised what had happened and explained to him I was really sorry. I asked if he could still deliver it – I offered to pay extra for his fuel and said if it was cold it would be my fault, but he said he couldn’t and I wouldn’t be getting my payment back.
"I don’t understand why no one called to check the address when there were two house numbers on the order – there was obviously some mistake.
“I was really angry. The only reason for getting a takeaway was for my daughter’s birthday. I eventually ended up going on Just Eat and ordering pizza, and spending another £20.”
Dawn added that a friend, who contacted Deliveroo on her behalf, was told she would indeed receive a refund.
But the mother-of-six claimed that she had not been reimbursed until the company had been contacted by reporters.
She has vowed never to use the food delivery service again.
She said: “I was fuming. It’s daylight robbery. It was my technical error so if it turned up late and cold I didn’t mind that, but I should still get the food.
“I usually use Just Eat or Foodhub and I’ve never had this problem with them. It was the first time and the last time I will use Deliveroo.”
Dawn's mother, Angela added: "I think it's shocking, paying for something and then being told you can't have it. I won't use them again."
A spokesman for Deliveroo said the incident had been investigated, and that Dawn has now been issued with a refund.
He said: “The query for this customer has now been answered and a full refund has been applied back to her card.”


{% for page in blogs %}
{% include "portal_pages/includes/page_list_item.html" %}
{% empty %}
{% include "portal_pages/includes/empty_search_filter.html" with things="blog pages" %}
{% endfor %}
{# Pagination - uses django.core.paginator #}
{% include "portal_pages/includes/pagination_nav.html" with items=blogs %}


| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| constants.js | 100% | 18/18 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 18/18 | |
| dictionary.js | 100% | 6/6 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 6/6 | |
| framer.js | 91.84% | 225/245 | 81.55% | 84/103 | 93.18% | 41/44 | 92.05% | 220/239 | |
| index.js | 100% | 6/6 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 0/0 | 100% | 6/6 | |
| parser.js | 88.05% | 199/226 | 79.14% | 110/139 | 95.83% | 23/24 | 90.78% | 197/217 | |
| zlib-pool.js | 91.3% | 21/23 | 50% | 2/4 | 83.33% | 5/6 | 91.3% | 21/23 |


--- layout: post title: About this blog:Welcome date: type: post published: false status: private categories: - About Me tags: [] meta: {} author: ---
Welcome to corneringeki,
This blog is under construction.


HIV CRISPR Cards
guides
papers
26796669 gGagPol
read more
26796669 gLTR1
read more
26796669 gLTR2
read more
26796669 gLTR3
read more
26796669 gLTR4
read more
26796669 gLTR5
read more
26796669 gLTR6
read more
26796669 gLTR7
read more
26796669 gNef
read more
26796669 gPol1
read more
26796669 gPol2
read more
26796669 gPol3
read more
26796669 gPol4
read more
26796669 gTatRev
read more
26796669 gVpr
read more
26990633 Gag-A
read more
26990633 Gag-B
read more
26990633 Gag-C
read more
26990633 Gag-D
read more
26990633 LTR-A
read more
«
Page 3 / 8
»
links
Pelican
Python.org
Jinja2
You can modify those links in your config file
social
You can add links in your config file
Another social link


Chapter 3 Running DESeq2
3.1 About this chapter
- Questions
- How do I work out which genes are differentially regulated?
- Objectives
- Build a
DESeqDataSet
andgroup
factor - Run
DESeq
- Keypoints
DESeq2
is a package for estimating differential expressionDESeq2
needs you to describe the experiment in order to work
In this chapter we’ll look at how to take our count matrix through DESeq2
to estimate differential expression of genes.
3.2 Getting the count matrix and describing the experiment for DESeq2
3.2.1 The count matrix
The object we created in the previous chapter raw_counts
is already in the format we need. If you carried straight into this chapter from the last one, then you already have what you need. If not, you can load in the saved version (there’s a copy in the sample data) as follows
## control_rep1 control_rep2 control_rep3 treatment_rep1
## AT1G01680 670<PHONE_NUMBER>
## AT1G07160 1104 1266 976 358
## AT1G07920 703<PHONE_NUMBER>
## AT1G19250 1865 1654 3207 3533
## AT1G32640 1482 1266 1646 1258
## AT1G35210 1186 1416 1458 834
## treatment_rep2 treatment_rep3
## AT1G01680 2558 368
## AT1G07160 1186 4436
## AT1G07920 1167 1726
## AT1G19250 703 2427
## AT1G32640 1690 1864
## AT1G35210 594 2684
3.3 The ‘grouping’ object
As R is a very powerful statistical programming language, it can support analysis of some very complicated experimental designs. DESeq
supports this behaviour and as a result we have to describe our experiment in the appropriate manner.
We need to create a data.frame
object that states which group each column is in. A data.frame
is basically an R analogue of an Excel sheet. We just need to work out the right order of sample types in the matrix column.
Our experiment names are in the column names of the count matrix, we can see that with the colnames()
function.
## [1] "control_rep1" "control_rep2" "control_rep3" "treatment_rep1"
## [5] "treatment_rep2" "treatment_rep3"
The controls are all in columns 1 to 3 and the treatments are in columns 4 to 6. To make the groupings we can just type in the sample types in the appropriate order and put them in a column of a data.frame
. That looks like this
grouping <- data.frame(sample_type = c("control", "control", "control", "treatment", "treatment", "treatment"))
grouping
## sample_type
## 1 control
## 2 control
## 3 control
## 4 treatment
## 5 treatment
## 6 treatment
3.4 Running DESeq2
Now we have everything we need to run DESeq2
. First, we must load in the library.
Next, we can prepare the DESeqDataSet
object that combines all the information DESeq2
needs to work. We run DESeqDataSetFromMatrix()
to do this.
Here we set the arguments
countData
which is the actual data, so gets ourraw_counts
colData
which tells the group each data column is in so getsgrouping
design
is an R-ish way of describing the experiment design, for a standard exoeriment like this you use the~
and the name of thegrouping
column
Don’t worry too much about whether the design
argument makes sense at this stage, its a bit out of scope to discuss the way R expects experimental designs for now. Follow the pattern you see here until you have a really complex design and have motivation to come back to it.
Finally, we can do the DESeq
analysis. We have a single function for this and all it needs is our prepared data.
And now we can extract the results with the helpful results()
function. This needs the contrast
to be described, basically the column name and the types.
The types are ordered so that the first mentioned is the measurement of interest (ie the treatment
) and the second is the baseline to which it is compared (here control
). If you get the two the wrong way round, your up-regulated genes will look down-regulated and vice-versa, so take time to check.
results_data <- results(de_seq_analysed, contrast = c('sample_type', 'treatment', 'control'))
head(results_data)
## log2 fold change (MLE): sample_type treatment vs control
## Wald test p-value: sample type treatment vs control
## DataFrame with 6 rows and 6 columns
## baseMean log2FoldChange lfcSE
## <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
## AT1G01680 1022.39953137642 0.638556501008842 0.752757958605879
## AT1G07160 1522.95786602724 0.354926012092298 0.785708629982376
## AT1G07920<PHONE_NUMBER>50111 0.671894996505363 0.742814441576441
## AT1G19250 2230.10488838027 -0.591880977166901 0.603665159459885
## AT1G32640 1539.40321179978 -0.420258753438091 0.537635950705001
## AT1G35210 1384.96737134404 -0.485617346461465 0.690715741846472
## stat pvalue padj
## <numeric> <numeric> <numeric>
## AT1G01680 0.848289272412955 0.396276890458589 0.747206163566895
## AT1G07160 0.45172726701533 0.651465472435186 0.796576241413894
## AT1G07920 0.904526028168531 0.365716539229272 0.747206163566895
## AT1G19250 -0.980478942492676 0.326849759032812 0.747206163566895
## AT1G32640 -0.781679039296026 0.434403223096372 0.755158226458792
## AT1G35210 -0.703063962554663 0.482015889229017 0.755158226458792
We get a lot of information back in this column. We can see in amongst all that the important log fold change estimates and the adjusted p-value. Effectively, our analysis is done, we have our differential expression estimates, though we do need to do more to answer questions of interest. That’s what we’ll do in the next chapter
3.5 Saving the results
As a final step, we can save the results to a CSV file. As in the earlier chapter we can do this with write.csv()


About Docker Engine - Community
Estimated reading time: 7 minutesDocker Engine - Community is ideal for developers and small teams looking to get started with Docker and experimenting with container-based apps. Docker Engine - Community has three types of update channels, stable, test, and nightly:
- Stable gives you latest releases for general availability.
- Test gives pre-releases that are ready for testing before general availability.
- Nightly gives you latest builds of work in progress for the next major release.
Releases
For the Docker Engine - Community engine, the open repositories Docker Engine and Docker Client apply.
Releases of Docker Engine and Docker Client for general availability
are versioned using dotted triples. The components of this triple
are YY.mm.<patch>
where the YY.mm
component is referred to as the
year-month release. The version numbering format is chosen to illustrate
cadence and does not guarantee SemVer, but the desired date for general
availability. The version number may have additional information, such as
beta and release candidate qualifications. Such releases are considered
“pre-releases”.
The cadence of the year-month releases is every 6 months starting with
the 18.09
release. The patch releases for a year-month release take
place as needed to address bug fixes during its support cycle.
Docker Engine - Community binaries for a release are available on download.docker.com as packages for the supported operating systems. Docker Engine - Enterprise binaries are available on the Docker Hub for the supported operating systems. The release channels are available for each of the year-month releases and allow users to “pin” on a year-month release of choice. The release channel also receives patch releases when they become available.
Nightly builds
Nightly builds are created once per day from the master branch. The version number for nightly builds take the format:
0.0.0-YYYYmmddHHMMSS-abcdefabcdef
where the time is the commit time in UTC and the final suffix is the prefix
of the commit hash, for example 0.0.0-20180720214833-f61e0f7
.
These builds allow for testing from the latest code on the master branch. No qualifications or guarantees are made for the nightly builds.
The release channel for these builds is called nightly
.
Pre-releases
In preparation for a new year-month release, a branch is created from
the master branch with format YY.mm
when the milestones desired by
Docker for the release have achieved feature-complete. Pre-releases
such as betas and release candidates are conducted from their respective release
branches. Patch releases and the corresponding pre-releases are performed
from within the corresponding release branch.
While pre-releases are done to assist in the stabilization process, no guarantees are provided.
Binaries built for pre-releases are available in the test channel for
the targeted year-month release using the naming format test-YY.mm
,
for example test-18.09
.
General availability
Year-month releases are made from a release branch diverged from the master
branch. The branch is created with format <year>.<month>
, for example
18.09
. The year-month name indicates the earliest possible calendar
month to expect the release to be generally available. All further patch
releases are performed from that branch. For example, once v18.09.0
is
released, all subsequent patch releases are built from the 18.09
branch.
Binaries built from this releases are available in the stable channel
stable-YY.mm
, for example stable-18.09
, as well as the corresponding
test channel.
Relationship between Docker Engine - Community and Docker Engine - Enterprise code
For a given year-month release, Docker releases both Docker Engine - Community and Docker Engine - Enterprise variants concurrently. Docker Engine - Enterprise is a superset of the code delivered in Docker Engine - Community. Docker maintains publicly visible repositories for the Docker Engine - Community code as well as private repositories for the Docker Engine - Enterprise code. Automation (a bot) is used to keep the branches between Docker Engine - Community and Docker Engine - Enterprise in sync so as features and fixes are merged on the various branches in the Docker Engine - Community repositories (upstream), the corresponding Docker Engine - Enterprise repositories and branches are kept in sync (downstream). While Docker and its partners make every effort to minimize merge conflicts between Docker Engine - Community and Docker Engine - Enterprise, occasionally they will happen, and Docker will work hard to resolve them in a timely fashion.
Next release
The activity for upcoming year-month releases is tracked in the milestones of the repository.
Support
Docker Engine - Community releases of a year-month branch are supported with patches as needed for 7 months after the first year-month general availability release. Docker Engine - Enterprise releases are supported for 24 months after the first year-month general availability release.
This means bug reports and backports to release branches are assessed until the end-of-life date.
After the year-month branch has reached end-of-life, the branch may be deleted from the repository.
Reporting security issues
The Docker maintainers take security seriously. If you discover a security issue, please bring it to their attention right away!
Please DO NOT file a public issue; instead send your report privately to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Security reports are greatly appreciated, and Docker will publicly thank you for it. Docker also likes to send gifts — if you’re into swag, make sure to let us know. Docker currently does not offer a paid security bounty program but are not ruling it out in the future.
Supported platforms
Docker Engine - Community is available on multiple platforms. Use the following tables to choose the best installation path for you.
Desktop
| Platform | x86_64 |
|---|---|
| Docker Desktop for Mac (macOS) | |
| Docker Desktop for Windows (Microsoft Windows 10) |
Server
| Platform | x86_64 / amd64 | ARM | ARM64 / AARCH64 | IBM Power (ppc64le) | IBM Z (s390x) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CentOS | |||||
| Debian | |||||
| Fedora | |||||
| Ubuntu |
Backporting
Backports to the Docker products are prioritized by the Docker company. A Docker employee or repository maintainer will endeavour to ensure sensible bugfixes make it into active releases.
If there are important fixes that ought to be considered for backport to active release branches, be sure to highlight this in the PR description or by adding a comment to the PR.
Upgrade path
Patch releases are always backward compatible with its year-month version.
Not covered
As a general rule, anything not mentioned in this document may change in any release.
Exceptions
Exceptions are made in the interest of security patches. If a break in release procedure or product functionality is required, it will be communicated clearly, and the solution will be considered against total impact.
Get started
After setting up Docker, you can learn the basics with Getting started with Docker.
docker, installation, install, Docker Engine - Community, Docker Engine - Enterprise, docker editions, stable, edge


CloudABI is what you get if you take POSIX, add capability-based security, and remove everything that’s incompatible with that. The result is a minimal ABI consisting of only 49 syscalls.
CloudABI doesn’t have its own kernel, but instead is implemented in existing kernels: FreeBSD has CloudABI support for x86-64 and arm64, and a patch-set for NetBSD and a patch-set for Linux are available as well. This means that CloudABI binaries can be executed on different operating systems, without any modification.
Capability-based security means that processes can only perform actions that have no global impact. Processes cannot open files by their absolute path, cannot open network connections, and cannot observe global system state such as the process table.
The capabilities of a process are fully determined by its set of open file descriptors (fds). For example, files can only be opened if the process already has a file descriptor to a directory the file is in.
Unlike in POSIX, where processes are normally started with file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 reserved for standard input, output, and error, CloudABI does not reserve any file descriptor numbers for specific purposes.
In CloudABI, a process depends on its parent process to launch it with the right set of resources, since the process will not be able to open any new resources. For example, a simple static web server would need to be started with a file descriptor to a TCP listener, and a file descriptor to the directory for which to serve files. The web server will then be unable to do anything other than reading files in that directory, and process incoming network connections.
So, unknown CloudABI binaries can safely be executed without the need for containers, virtual machines, or other sandboxing technologies.
Watch Ed Schouten’s Talk at 32C3 for more information about what capability-based security for UNIX means.
Cloudlibc is an implementation
of the C standard library, without all CloudABI-incompatible
functions. For example, Cloudlibc does not have printf
, but does
have fprintf
. It does not have open
, but does have openat
.
CloudABI-Ports is a
collection of ports of commonly used libraries and applications to
CloudABI. It contains software such as zlib
, libpng
, boost
,
memcached
, and much more. The software is patched to not depend on
any global state, such as files in /etc
or /dev
, using open()
,
etc.
Instructions for using CloudABI (including kernel modules/patches, toolchain, and ports) are available for several operating systems:
The entire ABI is specified in a file called
cloudabi.txt
,
from which all
headers
and documentation (including the one you’re reading now) is generated.
clock_res_get()
clock_time_get()
condvar_signal()
fd_close()
fd_create1()
fd_create2()
fd_datasync()
fd_dup()
fd_pread()
fd_pwrite()
fd_read()
fd_replace()
fd_seek()
fd_stat_get()
fd_stat_put()
fd_sync()
fd_write()
file_advise()
file_allocate()
file_create()
file_link()
file_open()
file_readdir()
file_readlink()
file_rename()
file_stat_fget()
file_stat_fput()
file_stat_get()
file_stat_put()
file_symlink()
file_unlink()
lock_unlock()
mem_advise()
mem_map()
mem_protect()
mem_sync()
mem_unmap()
poll()
proc_exec()
proc_exit()
proc_fork()
proc_raise()
random_get()
sock_recv()
sock_send()
sock_shutdown()
thread_create()
thread_exit()
thread_yield()
clock_res_get()
Obtains the resolution of a clock.
Inputs:
clock_id: clockid
The clock for which the resolution needs to be returned.
Outputs:
resolution: timestamp
The resolution of the clock.
clock_time_get()
Obtains the time value of a clock.
Inputs:
clock_id: clockid
The clock for which the time needs to be returned.
precision: timestamp
The maximum lag (exclusive) that the returned time value may have, compared to its actual value.
Outputs:
time: timestamp
The time value of the clock.
condvar_signal()
Wakes up threads waiting on a userspace condition variable.
If an invocation of this system call causes all waiting
threads to be woken up, the value of the condition variable
is set to CONDVAR_HAS_NO_WAITERS
. As long as the condition
variable is set to this value, it is not needed to invoke this
system call.
Inputs:
condvar: *mut condvar
The userspace condition variable that has waiting threads.
scope: scope
Whether the condition variable is stored in private or shared memory.
nwaiters: nthreads
The number of threads that need to be woken up. If it exceeds the number of waiting threads, all threads are woken up.
fd_close()
Closes a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor that needs to be closed.
fd_create1()
Creates a file descriptor.
Inputs:
r#type: filetype
Possible values:
Creates an anonymous shared memory object.
Outputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor that has been created.
fd_create2()
Creates a pair of file descriptors.
Inputs:
r#type: filetype
Possible values:
Creates a UNIX datagram socket pair.
Creates a UNIX byte-stream socket pair.
Outputs:
fd_datasync()
Synchronizes the data of a file to disk.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor of the file whose data needs to be synchronized to disk.
fd_dup()
Duplicates a file descriptor.
Inputs:
from: fd
The file descriptor that needs to be duplicated.
Outputs:
fd: fd
The new file descriptor.
fd_pread()
Reads from a file descriptor, without using and updating the file descriptor’s offset.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor from which data should be read.
iovs: *const iovec
and iovs_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where data should be stored.
offset: filesize
The offset within the file at which reading should start.
Outputs:
fd_pwrite()
Writes to a file descriptor, without using and updating the file descriptor’s offset.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor to which data should be written.
iovs: *const ciovec
and iovs_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where data should be retrieved.
offset: filesize
The offset within the file at which writing should start.
Outputs:
fd_read()
Reads from a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor from which data should be read.
iovs: *const iovec
and iovs_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where data should be stored.
Outputs:
fd_replace()
Atomically replaces a file descriptor by a copy of another file descriptor.
Due to the strong focus on thread safety, this environment does not provide a mechanism to duplicate a file descriptor to an arbitrary number, like dup2(). This would be prone to race conditions, as an actual file descriptor with the same number could be allocated by a different thread at the same time.
This system call provides a way to atomically replace file descriptors, which would disappear if dup2() were to be removed entirely.
Inputs:
from: fd
The file descriptor that needs to be copied.
to: fd
The file descriptor that needs to be overwritten.
fd_seek()
Moves the offset of the file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor whose offset has to be moved.
offset: filedelta
The number of bytes to move.
whence: whence
Relative to which position the move should take place.
Outputs:
newoffset: filesize
The new offset of the file descriptor, relative to the start of the file.
fd_stat_get()
Gets attributes of a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor whose attributes have to be obtained.
buf: *mut fdstat
The buffer where the file descriptor’s attributes are stored.
fd_stat_put()
Adjusts attributes of a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor whose attributes have to be adjusted.
buf: *const fdstat
The desired values of the file descriptor attributes that are adjusted.
flags: fdsflags
A bitmask indicating which attributes have to be adjusted.
fd_sync()
Synchronizes the data and metadata of a file to disk.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor of the file whose data and metadata needs to be synchronized to disk.
fd_write()
Writes to a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor to which data should be written.
iovs: *const ciovec
and iovs_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where data should be retrieved.
Outputs:
file_advise()
Provides file advisory information on a file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor for which to provide file advisory information.
offset: filesize
The offset within the file to which the advisory applies.
len: filesize
The length of the region to which the advisory applies.
advice: advice
The advice.
file_allocate()
Forces the allocation of space in a file.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file in which the space should be allocated.
offset: filesize
The offset at which the allocation should start.
len: filesize
The length of the area that is allocated.
file_create()
Creates a file of a specified type.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the file to be created starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path at which the file should be created.
r#type: filetype
Possible values:
Creates a directory.
file_link()
Creates a hard link.
Inputs:
fd1: lookup
The working directory at which the resolution of the source path starts.
path1: *const u8
and path1_len: usize
The source path of the file that should be hard linked.
fd2: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the destination path starts.
path2: *const u8
and path2_len: usize
The destination path at which the hard link should be created.
file_open()
Opens a file.
Inputs:
dirfd: lookup
The working directory at which the resolution of the file to be opened starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path of the file that should be opened.
oflags: oflags
The method at which the file should be opened.
fds: *const fdstat
fdstat.fs_rights_base
and
fdstat.fs_rights_inheriting
specify the
initial rights of the newly created file
descriptor. The operating system is allowed to
return a file descriptor with fewer rights
than specified, if and only if those rights do
not apply to the type of file being opened.
fdstat.fs_flags
specifies the initial flags
of the file descriptor.
fdstat.fs_filetype
is ignored.
Outputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor of the file that has been opened.
file_readdir()
Reads directory entries from a directory.
When successful, the contents of the output buffer consist of
a sequence of directory entries. Each directory entry consists
of a dirent
object, followed by dirent.d_namlen
bytes
holding the name of the directory entry.
This system call fills the output buffer as much as possible, potentially truncating the last directory entry. This allows the caller to grow its read buffer size in case it’s too small to fit a single large directory entry, or skip the oversized directory entry.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The directory from which to read the directory entries.
buf: *mut ()
and buf_len: usize
The buffer where directory entries are stored.
cookie: dircookie
The location within the directory to start reading.
Outputs:
The number of bytes stored in the read buffer. If less than the size of the read buffer, the end of the directory has been reached.
file_readlink()
Reads the contents of a symbolic link.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the path of the symbolic starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path of the symbolic link whose contents should be read.
buf: *mut u8
and buf_len: usize
The buffer where the contents of the symbolic link should be stored.
Outputs:
file_rename()
Renames a file.
Inputs:
fd1: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the source path starts.
path1: *const u8
and path1_len: usize
The source path of the file that should be renamed.
fd2: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the destination path starts.
path2: *const u8
and path2_len: usize
The destination path to which the file should be renamed.
file_stat_fget()
Gets attributes of a file by file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor whose attributes have to be obtained.
buf: *mut filestat
The buffer where the file’s attributes are stored.
file_stat_fput()
Adjusts attributes of a file by file descriptor.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The file descriptor whose attributes have to be adjusted.
buf: *const filestat
The desired values of the file attributes that are adjusted.
flags: fsflags
A bitmask indicating which attributes have to be adjusted.
file_stat_get()
Gets attributes of a file by path.
Inputs:
fd: lookup
The working directory at which the resolution of the path whose attributes have to be obtained starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path of the file whose attributes have to be obtained.
buf: *mut filestat
The buffer where the file’s attributes are stored.
file_stat_put()
Adjusts attributes of a file by path.
Inputs:
fd: lookup
The working directory at which the resolution of the path whose attributes have to be adjusted starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path of the file whose attributes have to be adjusted.
buf: *const filestat
The desired values of the file attributes that are adjusted.
flags: fsflags
A bitmask indicating which attributes have to be adjusted.
file_symlink()
Creates a symbolic link.
Inputs:
path1: *const u8
and path1_len: usize
The contents of the symbolic link.
fd: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the destination path starts.
path2: *const u8
and path2_len: usize
The destination path at which the symbolic link should be created.
file_unlink()
Unlinks a file, or removes a directory.
Inputs:
fd: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the path starts.
path: *const u8
and path_len: usize
The path that needs to be unlinked or removed.
flags: ulflags
Possible values:
If set, attempt to remove a directory. Otherwise, unlink a file.
lock_unlock()
Unlocks a write-locked userspace lock.
If a userspace lock is unlocked while having its
LOCK_KERNEL_MANAGED
flag set, the lock cannot be unlocked in
userspace directly. This system call needs to be performed
instead, so that any waiting threads can be woken up.
To prevent spurious invocations of this system call, the lock must be locked for writing. This prevents other threads from acquiring additional read locks while the system call is in progress. If the lock is acquired for reading, it must first be upgraded to a write lock.
Inputs:
lock: *mut lock
The userspace lock that is locked for writing by the calling thread.
scope: scope
Whether the lock is stored in private or shared memory.
mem_advise()
Provides memory advisory information on a region of memory.
Inputs:
mapping: *mut ()
and mapping_len: usize
The pages for which to provide memory advisory information.
advice: advice
The advice.
mem_map()
Creates a memory mapping, making the contents of a file accessible through memory.
Inputs:
If FIXED
is set, specifies to which
address the file region is mapped. Otherwise,
the mapping is performed at an unused
location.
The length of the memory mapping to be created.
prot: mprot
Initial memory protection options for the memory mapping.
flags: mflags
Memory mapping flags.
fd: fd
If ANON
is set, this argument must be
MAP_ANON_FD
. Otherwise, this argument
specifies the file whose contents need to be
mapped.
off: filesize
If ANON
is set, this argument must be
zero. Otherwise, this argument specifies the
offset within the file at which the mapping
starts.
Outputs:
mem_protect()
Change the protection of a memory mapping.
Inputs:
mapping: *mut ()
and mapping_len: usize
The pages that need their protection changed.
prot: mprot
New protection options.
mem_sync()
Synchronize a region of memory with its physical storage.
Inputs:
mapping: *mut ()
and mapping_len: usize
The pages that need to be synchronized.
flags: msflags
The method of synchronization.
mem_unmap()
Unmaps a region of memory.
Inputs:
poll()
Concurrently polls for the occurrence of a set of events.
Inputs:
in: *const subscription
The events to which to subscribe.
out: *mut event
The events that have occurred.
Both the number of subscriptions and events.
Outputs:
proc_exec()
Replaces the process by a new executable.
Process execution in CloudABI differs from POSIX in two ways: handling of arguments and inheritance of file descriptors.
CloudABI does not use string command line arguments. Instead, a buffer with binary data is copied into the address space of the new executable. The kernel does not enforce any specific structure to this data, although CloudABI’s C library uses it to store a tree structure that is semantically identical to YAML.
Due to the strong focus on thread safety, file descriptors aren’t inherited through close-on-exec flags. An explicit list of file descriptors that need to be retained needs to be provided. After execution, file descriptors are placed in the order in which they are stored in the array. This not only makes the execution process deterministic. It also prevents potential information disclosures about the layout of the original process.
Inputs:
fd: fd
A file descriptor of the new executable.
data: *const ()
and data_len: usize
Binary argument data that is passed on to the new executable.
fds: *const fd
and fds_len: usize
The layout of the file descriptor table after execution.
proc_exit()
Terminates the process normally.
Inputs:
rval: exitcode
The exit code returned by the process. The
exit code can be obtained by other processes
through event.union.proc_terminate.exitcode
.
Does not return.
proc_fork()
Forks the process of the calling thread.
After forking, a new process shall be created, having only a
copy of the calling thread. The parent process will obtain a
process descriptor. When closed, the child process is
automatically signaled with KILL
.
Outputs:
fd: fd
In the parent process: the file descriptor number of the process descriptor.
In the child process: PROCESS_CHILD
.
tid: tid
In the parent process: undefined.
In the child process: the thread ID of the initial thread of the child process.
proc_raise()
Sends a signal to the process of the calling thread.
Inputs:
sig: signal
The signal condition that should be triggered.
If the signal causes the process to terminate,
its condition can be obtained by other
processes through
event.union.proc_terminate.signal
.
random_get()
Obtains random data from the kernel random number generator.
As this interface is not guaranteed to be fast, it is advised that the random data obtained through this system call is used as the seed for a userspace pseudo-random number generator.
Inputs:
sock_recv()
Receives a message on a socket.
Inputs:
sock: fd
The socket on which a message should be received.
in: *const recv_in
Input parameters.
out: *mut recv_out
Output parameters.
sock_send()
Sends a message on a socket.
Inputs:
sock: fd
The socket on which a message should be sent.
in: *const send_in
Input parameters.
out: *mut send_out
Output parameters.
sock_shutdown()
Shuts down socket send and receive channels.
Inputs:
sock: fd
The socket that needs its channels shut down.
how: sdflags
Which channels on the socket need to be shut down.
thread_create()
Creates a new thread within the current process.
Inputs:
attr: *mut threadattr
The desired attributes of the new thread.
Outputs:
tid: tid
The thread ID of the new thread.
thread_exit()
Terminates the calling thread.
This system call can also unlock a single userspace lock after termination, which can be used to implement thread joining.
Inputs:
lock: *mut lock
Userspace lock that is locked for writing by the calling thread.
scope: scope
Whether the lock is stored in private or shared memory.
Does not return.
thread_yield()
Temporarily yields execution of the calling thread.
advice
(u8
enum
)File or memory access pattern advisory information.
Used by file_advise()
and mem_advise()
.
Possible values:
The application expects that it will not access the specified data in the near future.
The application expects to access the specified data once and then not reuse it thereafter.
The application has no advice to give on its behavior with respect to the specified data.
The application expects to access the specified data in a random order.
The application expects to access the specified data sequentially from lower offsets to higher offsets.
The application expects to access the specified data in the near future.
auxtype
(u32
enum
)Enumeration describing the kind of value stored in auxv
.
Possible values:
Base address of the binary argument data provided to
proc_exec()
.
Length of the binary argument data provided to
proc_exec()
.
Base address at which the executable is placed in memory.
Base address of a buffer of random data that may be used for non-cryptographic purposes, for example as a canary for stack smashing protection.
Length of a buffer of random data that may be used for non-cryptographic purposes, for example as a canary for stack smashing protection.
Number of CPUs that the system this process is running on has.
Terminator of the auxiliary vector.
Smallest memory object size for which individual memory protection controls can be configured.
Address of the first ELF program header of the executable.
Number of ELF program headers of the executable.
Identifier of the process.
This environment does not provide any simple numerical process identifiers, for the reason that these are not useful in distributed contexts. Instead, processes are identified by a UUID.
This record should point to sixteen bytes of binary data, containing a version 4 UUID (fully random).
Address of the ELF header of the vDSO.
The vDSO is a shared library that is mapped in the
address space of the process. It provides entry points
for every system call supported by the environment,
all having a corresponding symbol that is prefixed
with cloudabi_sys_
. System calls should be invoked
through these entry points.
The first advantage of letting processes call into a
vDSO to perform system calls instead of raising
hardware traps is that it allows for easy emulation of
executables on top of existing operating systems. The
second advantage is that in cases where an operating
system provides native support for CloudABI executables,
it may still implement partial userspace
implementations of these system calls to improve
performance (e.g., clock_time_get()
). It also provides
a more dynamic way of adding, removing or replacing
system calls.
Thread ID of the initial thread of the process.
auxv
(struct
)Auxiliary vector entry.
The auxiliary vector is a list of key-value pairs that is
provided to the process on startup. Unlike structures, it is
extensible, as it is possible to add new records later on.
The auxiliary vector is always terminated by an entry having
type NULL
.
The auxiliary vector is part of the x86-64 ABI, but is used by this environment on all architectures.
Used by processentry
.
Members:
a_type: auxtype
The type of the auxiliary vector entry.
When a_type
is ARGDATALEN
, CANARYLEN
, NCPUS
, PAGESZ
, PHNUM
, or TID
:
When a_type
is ARGDATA
, BASE
, CANARY
, PHDR
, PID
, or SYSINFO_EHDR
:
ciovec
(struct
)A region of memory for scatter/gather writes.
Used by send_in
, fd_pwrite()
, and fd_write()
.
Members:
clockid
(u32
enum
)Identifiers for clocks.
Used by subscription
, clock_res_get()
, and clock_time_get()
.
Possible values:
The system-wide monotonic clock, which is defined as a clock measuring real time, whose value cannot be adjusted and which cannot have negative clock jumps.
The epoch of this clock is undefined. The absolute time value of this clock therefore has no meaning.
The CPU-time clock associated with the current process.
The system-wide clock measuring real time. Time value zero corresponds with 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
The CPU-time clock associated with the current thread.
condvar
(struct(u32)
)A userspace condition variable.
Used by subscription
and condvar_signal()
.
Special values:
The condition variable is in its initial state. There are no threads waiting to be woken up. If the condition variable has any other value, the kernel must be called to wake up any sleeping threads.
device
(struct(u64)
)Identifier for a device containing a file system. Can be used
in combination with inode
to uniquely identify a file on the
local system.
Used by filestat
.
dircookie
(struct(u64)
)A reference to the offset of a directory entry.
Used by dirent
and file_readdir()
.
Special values:
dirent
(struct
)A directory entry.
Members:
d_next: dircookie
The offset of the next directory entry stored in this directory.
d_ino: inode
The serial number of the file referred to by this directory entry.
The length of the name of the directory entry.
d_type: filetype
The type of the file referred to by this directory entry.
errno
(u16
enum
)Error codes returned by system calls.
Not all of these error codes are returned by the system calls provided by this environment, but are either used in userspace exclusively or merely provided for alignment with POSIX.
Used by event
.
Possible values:
No error occurred. System call completed successfully.
Argument list too long.
Permission denied.
Address in use.
Address not available.
Address family not supported.
Resource unavailable, or operation would block.
Connection already in progress.
Bad file descriptor.
Bad message.
Device or resource busy.
Operation canceled.
No child processes.
Connection aborted.
Connection refused.
Connection reset.
Resource deadlock would occur.
Destination address required.
Mathematics argument out of domain of function.
Reserved.
File exists.
Bad address.
File too large.
Host is unreachable.
Identifier removed.
Illegal byte sequence.
Operation in progress.
Interrupted function.
Invalid argument.
I/O error.
Socket is connected.
Is a directory.
Too many levels of symbolic links.
File descriptor value too large.
Too many links.
Message too large.
Reserved.
Filename too long.
Network is down.
Connection aborted by network.
Network unreachable.
Too many files open in system.
No buffer space available.
No such device.
No such file or directory.
Executable file format error.
No locks available.
Reserved.
Not enough space.
No message of the desired type.
Protocol not available.
No space left on device.
Function not supported.
The socket is not connected.
Not a directory or a symbolic link to a directory.
Directory not empty.
State not recoverable.
Not a socket.
Not supported, or operation not supported on socket.
Inappropriate I/O control operation.
No such device or address.
Value too large to be stored in data type.
Previous owner died.
Operation not permitted.
Broken pipe.
Protocol error.
Protocol not supported.
Protocol wrong type for socket.
Result too large.
Read-only file system.
Invalid seek.
No such process.
Reserved.
Connection timed out.
Text file busy.
Cross-device link.
Extension: Capabilities insufficient.
event
(struct
)An event that occurred.
Used by poll()
.
Members:
userdata: userdata
User-provided value that got attached to
subscription.userdata
.
error: errno
If non-zero, an error that occurred while processing the subscription request.
r#type: eventtype
The type of the event that occurred.
When type
is FD_READ
or FD_WRITE
:
nbytes: filesize
The number of bytes available for reading or writing.
Obsolete.
flags: eventrwflags
The state of the file descriptor.
When type
is PROC_TERMINATE
:
eventrwflags
(u16
bitfield)The state of the file descriptor subscribed to with
FD_READ
or FD_WRITE
.
Used by event
.
Possible values:
eventtype
(u8
enum
)Type of a subscription to an event or its occurrence.
Used by event
and subscription
.
Possible values:
The time value of clock subscription.union.clock.clock_id
has reached timestamp subscription.union.clock.timeout
.
Condition variable subscription.union.condvar.condvar
has
been woken up and subscription.union.condvar.lock
has been
acquired for writing.
File descriptor subscription.union.fd_readwrite.fd
has
data available for reading. This event always triggers
for regular files.
File descriptor subscription.union.fd_readwrite.fd
has
capacity available for writing. This event always
triggers for regular files.
Lock subscription.union.lock.lock
has been acquired for
reading.
Lock subscription.union.lock.lock
has been acquired for
writing.
The process associated with process descriptor
subscription.union.proc_terminate.fd
has terminated.
exitcode
(= u32
)Exit code generated by a process when exiting.
Used by event
and proc_exit()
.
fd
(struct(u32)
)A file descriptor number.
Unlike on POSIX-compliant systems, none of the file descriptor numbers are reserved for a purpose (e.g., stdin, stdout, stderr). Operating systems are not required to allocate new file descriptors in ascending order.
Special values:
Returned to the child process by proc_fork()
.
Passed to mem_map()
when creating a mapping to
anonymous memory.
fdflags
(u16
bitfield)File descriptor flags.
Used by fdstat
.
Possible values:
Append mode: Data written to the file is always appended to the file’s end.
Write according to synchronized I/O data integrity completion. Only the data stored in the file is synchronized.
Non-blocking mode.
Synchronized read I/O operations.
Write according to synchronized I/O file integrity completion. In addition to synchronizing the data stored in the file, the system may also synchronously update the file’s metadata.
fdsflags
(u16
bitfield)Which file descriptor attributes to adjust.
Used by fd_stat_put()
.
Possible values:
Adjust the file descriptor flags stored in
fdstat.fs_flags
.
Restrict the rights of the file descriptor to the
rights stored in fdstat.fs_rights_base
and
fdstat.fs_rights_inheriting
.
fdstat
(struct
)File descriptor attributes.
Used by fd_stat_get()
, fd_stat_put()
, and file_open()
.
Members:
fs_filetype: filetype
File type.
fs_flags: fdflags
File descriptor flags.
fs_rights_base: rights
Rights that apply to this file descriptor.
fs_rights_inheriting: rights
Maximum set of rights that can be installed on new
file descriptors that are created through this file
descriptor, e.g., through file_open()
.
filedelta
(= i64
)Relative offset within a file.
Used by fd_seek()
.
filesize
(= u64
)Non-negative file size or length of a region within a file.
Used by event
, filestat
, fd_pread()
, fd_pwrite()
, fd_seek()
, file_advise()
, file_allocate()
, and mem_map()
.
filestat
(struct
)File attributes.
Used by file_stat_fget()
, file_stat_fput()
, file_stat_get()
, and file_stat_put()
.
Members:
st_dev: device
Device ID of device containing the file.
st_ino: inode
File serial number.
st_filetype: filetype
File type.
st_nlink: linkcount
Number of hard links to the file.
st_size: filesize
For regular files, the file size in bytes. For symbolic links, the length in bytes of the pathname contained in the symbolic link.
st_atim: timestamp
Last data access timestamp.
st_mtim: timestamp
Last data modification timestamp.
st_ctim: timestamp
Last file status change timestamp.
filetype
(u8
enum
)The type of a file descriptor or file.
Used by dirent
, fdstat
, filestat
, fd_create1()
, fd_create2()
, and file_create()
.
Possible values:
The type of the file descriptor or file is unknown or is different from any of the other types specified.
The file descriptor or file refers to a block device inode.
The file descriptor or file refers to a character device inode.
The file descriptor or file refers to a directory inode.
The file descriptor refers to a process handle.
The file descriptor or file refers to a regular file inode.
The file descriptor refers to a shared memory object.
The file descriptor or file refers to a datagram socket.
The file descriptor or file refers to a byte-stream socket.
The file refers to a symbolic link inode.
fsflags
(u16
bitfield)Which file attributes to adjust.
Used by file_stat_fput()
and file_stat_put()
.
Possible values:
Adjust the last data access timestamp to the value
stored in filestat.st_atim
.
Adjust the last data access timestamp to the time
of clock REALTIME
.
Adjust the last data modification timestamp to the
value stored in filestat.st_mtim
.
Adjust the last data modification timestamp to the
time of clock REALTIME
.
Truncate or extend the file to the size stored in
filestat.st_size
.
inode
(struct(u64)
)File serial number that is unique within its file system.
iovec
(struct
)A region of memory for scatter/gather reads.
Used by recv_in
, fd_pread()
, and fd_read()
.
Members:
linkcount
(= u32
)Number of hard links to an inode.
Used by filestat
.
lock
(struct(u32)
)A userspace read-recursive readers-writer lock, similar to a Linux futex or a FreeBSD umtx.
Used by subscription
, lock_unlock()
, and thread_exit()
.
Special values:
Value indicating that the lock is in its initial unlocked state.
Bitmask indicating that the lock is write-locked. If set, the lower 30 bits of the lock contain the identifier of the thread that owns the write lock. Otherwise, the lower 30 bits of the lock contain the number of acquired read locks.
Bitmask indicating that the lock is either read locked or write locked, and that one or more threads have their execution suspended, waiting to acquire the lock. The last owner of the lock must call the kernel to unlock.
When the lock is acquired for reading and this bit is set, it means that one or more threads are attempting to acquire this lock for writing. In that case, other threads should only acquire additional read locks if suspending execution would cause a deadlock. It is preferred to suspend execution, as this prevents starvation of writers.
Value indicating that the lock is in an incorrect state. A lock cannot be in its initial unlocked state, while also managed by the kernel.
lookup
(struct
)Path lookup properties.
Used by file_link()
, file_open()
, file_stat_get()
, and file_stat_put()
.
Members:
fd: fd
The working directory at which the resolution of the path starts.
flags: lookupflags
Flags determining the method of how the path is resolved.
lookupflags
(u32
bitfield)Flags determining the method of how paths are resolved.
Used by lookup
.
Possible values:
mflags
(u8
bitfield)Memory mapping flags.
Used by mem_map()
.
Possible values:
Instead of mapping the contents of the file provided,
create a mapping to anonymous memory. The file
descriptor argument must be set to MAP_ANON_FD
,
and the offset must be set to zero.
Require that the mapping is performed at the base address provided.
Changes are private.
Changes are shared.
mprot
(u8
bitfield)Memory page protection options.
This implementation enforces the W^X
property: Pages cannot be
mapped for execution while also mapped for writing.
Used by mem_map()
and mem_protect()
.
Possible values:
msflags
(u8
bitfield)Methods of synchronizing memory with physical storage.
Used by mem_sync()
.
Possible values:
Perform asynchronous writes.
Invalidate cached data.
Perform synchronous writes.
nthreads
(= u32
)Specifies the number of threads sleeping on a condition variable that should be woken up.
Used by condvar_signal()
.
oflags
(u16
bitfield)Open flags used by file_open()
.
Possible values:
Create file if it does not exist.
Fail if not a directory.
Fail if file already exists.
Truncate file to size 0.
processentry
(function pointer)Entry point for a process (_start
).
Parameters:
recv_in
(struct
)Arguments of sock_recv()
.
Members:
ri_data: *const iovec
and ri_data_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where message data should be stored.
ri_fds: *mut fd
and ri_fds_len: usize
Buffer where numbers of incoming file descriptors should be stored.
ri_flags: riflags
Message flags.
recv_out
(struct
)Results of sock_recv()
.
Members:
Number of bytes stored in recv_in.ri_data
.
Number of file descriptors stored in recv_in.ri_fds
.
Fields that were used by previous implementations.
ro_flags: roflags
Message flags.
riflags
(u16
bitfield)Flags provided to sock_recv()
.
Used by recv_in
.
Possible values:
Returns the message without removing it from the socket’s receive queue.
On byte-stream sockets, block until the full amount of data can be returned.
rights
(u64
bitfield)File descriptor rights, determining which actions may be performed.
Used by fdstat
.
Possible values:
The right to invoke fd_datasync()
.
If FILE_OPEN
is set, includes the right to
invoke file_open()
with DSYNC
.
The right to invoke fd_read()
and sock_recv()
.
If MEM_MAP
is set, includes the right to
invoke mem_map()
with memory protection option
READ
.
If FD_SEEK
is set, includes the right to invoke
fd_pread()
.
The right to invoke fd_stat_put()
with
FLAGS
.
The right to invoke fd_sync()
.
If FILE_OPEN
is set, includes the right to
invoke file_open()
with RSYNC
and
DSYNC
.
The right to invoke fd_seek()
in such a way that the
file offset remains unaltered (i.e., CUR
with
offset zero).
The right to invoke fd_write()
and sock_send()
.
If MEM_MAP
is set, includes the right to
invoke mem_map()
with memory protection option
WRITE
.
If FD_SEEK
is set, includes the right to
invoke fd_pwrite()
.
The right to invoke file_advise()
.
The right to invoke file_allocate()
.
The right to invoke file_create()
with
DIRECTORY
.
If FILE_OPEN
is set, the right to invoke
file_open()
with CREAT
.
The right to invoke file_link()
with the file
descriptor as the source directory.
The right to invoke file_link()
with the file
descriptor as the target directory.
The right to invoke file_open()
.
The right to invoke file_readdir()
.
The right to invoke file_readlink()
.
The right to invoke file_rename()
with the file
descriptor as the source directory.
The right to invoke file_rename()
with the file
descriptor as the target directory.
The right to invoke file_stat_fget()
.
The right to invoke file_stat_fput()
with
SIZE
.
If FILE_OPEN
is set, includes the right to
invoke file_open()
with TRUNC
.
The right to invoke file_stat_fput()
with
ATIM
, ATIM_NOW
, MTIM
,
and MTIM_NOW
.
The right to invoke file_stat_get()
.
The right to invoke file_stat_put()
with
ATIM
, ATIM_NOW
, MTIM
,
and MTIM_NOW
.
The right to invoke file_symlink()
.
The right to invoke file_unlink()
.
If FD_READ
is set, includes the right to
invoke poll()
to subscribe to FD_READ
.
If FD_WRITE
is set, includes the right to
invoke poll()
to subscribe to FD_WRITE
.
The right to invoke poll()
to subscribe to
PROC_TERMINATE
.
The right to invoke proc_exec()
.
The right to invoke sock_shutdown()
.
roflags
(u16
bitfield)Flags returned by sock_recv()
.
Used by recv_out
.
Possible values:
Returned by sock_recv()
: List of file descriptors
has been truncated.
Returned by sock_recv()
: Message data has been
truncated.
scope
(u8
enum
)Indicates whether an object is stored in private or shared memory.
Used by subscription
, condvar_signal()
, lock_unlock()
, and thread_exit()
.
Possible values:
sdflags
(u8
bitfield)Which channels on a socket need to be shut down.
Used by sock_shutdown()
.
Possible values:
send_in
(struct
)Arguments of sock_send()
.
Members:
si_data: *const ciovec
and si_data_len: usize
List of scatter/gather vectors where message data should be retrieved.
si_fds: *const fd
and si_fds_len: usize
File descriptors that need to be attached to the message.
si_flags: siflags
Message flags.
send_out
(struct
)Results of sock_send()
.
Members:
siflags
(u16
bitfield)Flags provided to sock_send()
. As there are currently no flags
defined, it must be set to zero.
Used by send_in
.
signal
(u8
enum
)Signal condition.
Used by event
and proc_raise()
.
Possible values:
Process abort signal.
Action: Terminates the process.
Alarm clock.
Action: Terminates the process.
Access to an undefined portion of a memory object.
Action: Terminates the process.
Child process terminated, stopped, or continued.
Action: Ignored.
Continue executing, if stopped.
Action: Continues executing, if stopped.
Erroneous arithmetic operation.
Action: Terminates the process.
Hangup.
Action: Terminates the process.
Illegal instruction.
Action: Terminates the process.
Terminate interrupt signal.
Action: Terminates the process.
Kill.
Action: Terminates the process.
Write on a pipe with no one to read it.
Action: Ignored.
Terminal quit signal.
Action: Terminates the process.
Invalid memory reference.
Action: Terminates the process.
Stop executing.
Action: Stops executing.
Bad system call.
Action: Terminates the process.
Termination signal.
Action: Terminates the process.
Trace/breakpoint trap.
Action: Terminates the process.
Terminal stop signal.
Action: Stops executing.
Background process attempting read.
Action: Stops executing.
Background process attempting write.
Action: Stops executing.
High bandwidth data is available at a socket.
Action: Ignored.
User-defined signal 1.
Action: Terminates the process.
User-defined signal 2.
Action: Terminates the process.
Virtual timer expired.
Action: Terminates the process.
CPU time limit exceeded.
Action: Terminates the process.
File size limit exceeded.
Action: Terminates the process.
subclockflags
(u16
bitfield)Flags determining how the timestamp provided in
subscription.union.clock.timeout
should be interpreted.
Used by subscription
.
Possible values:
If set, treat the timestamp provided in
subscription.union.clock.timeout
as an absolute timestamp
of clock subscription.union.clock.clock_id
.
If clear, treat the timestamp provided in
subscription.union.clock.timeout
relative to the current
time value of clock subscription.union.clock.clock_id
.
subrwflags
(u16
bitfield)Flags influencing the method of polling for read or writing on a file descriptor.
Used by subscription
.
Possible values:
subscription
(struct
)Subscription to an event.
Used by poll()
.
Members:
userdata: userdata
User-provided value that is attached to the
subscription in the kernel and returned through
event.userdata
.
Used by previous implementations. Ignored.
r#type: eventtype
The type of the event to which to subscribe.
Currently, CONDVAR
,
LOCK_RDLOCK
, and LOCK_WRLOCK
must be provided as the first subscription and may
only be followed by up to one other subscription,
having type CLOCK
.
When type
is CLOCK
:
identifier: userdata
The user-defined unique identifier of the clock.
clock_id: clockid
The clock against which the timestamp should be compared.
timeout: timestamp
The absolute or relative timestamp.
precision: timestamp
The amount of time that the kernel may wait additionally to coalesce with other events.
flags: subclockflags
Flags specifying whether the timeout is absolute or relative.
When type
is CONDVAR
:
condvar: *mut condvar
The condition variable on which to wait to be woken up.
lock: *mut lock
The lock that will be released while waiting.
The lock will be reacquired for writing when the condition variable triggers.
condvar_scope: scope
Whether the condition variable is stored in private or shared memory.
lock_scope: scope
Whether the lock is stored in private or shared memory.
When type
is FD_READ
or FD_WRITE
:
fd: fd
The file descriptor on which to wait for it to become ready for reading or writing.
flags: subrwflags
Under which conditions to trigger.
When type
is LOCK_RDLOCK
or LOCK_WRLOCK
:
When type
is PROC_TERMINATE
:
fd: fd
The process descriptor on which to wait for process termination.
tcb
(struct
)The Thread Control Block (TCB).
After a thread begins execution (at program startup or when
created through thread_create()
), the CPU’s registers
controlling Thread-Local Storage (TLS) will already be
initialized. They will point to an area only containing the
TCB.
If the thread needs space for storing thread-specific variables, the thread may allocate a larger area and adjust the CPU’s registers to point to that area instead. However, it does need to make sure that the TCB is copied over to the new TLS area.
The purpose of the TCB is that it allows light-weight emulators to store information related to individual threads. For example, it may be used to store a copy of the CPU registers prior emulation, so that TLS for the host system can be restored if needed.
Members:
Pointer that may be freely assigned by the system. Its value cannot be interpreted by the application.
threadattr
(struct
)Attributes for thread creation.
Used by thread_create()
.
Members:
entry_point: threadentry
Initial program counter value.
stack: *mut ()
and stack_len: usize
Region allocated to serve as stack space.
Argument to be forwarded to the entry point function.
threadentry
(function pointer)Entry point for additionally created threads.
Used by threadattr
.
Parameters:
tid: tid
Thread ID of the current thread.
Copy of the value stored in
threadattr.argument
.
tid
(struct(u32)
)Unique system-local identifier of a thread. This identifier is only valid during the lifetime of the thread.
Threads must be aware of their thread identifier, as it is written it into locks when acquiring them for writing. It is not advised to use these identifiers for any other purpose.
As the thread identifier is also stored in lock
when
LOCK_WRLOCKED
is set, the top two bits of the thread
must always be set to zero.
Used by threadentry
, proc_fork()
, and thread_create()
.
timestamp
(= u64
)Timestamp in nanoseconds.
Used by filestat
, subscription
, clock_res_get()
, and clock_time_get()
.
ulflags
(u8
bitfield)Specifies whether files are unlinked or directories are removed.
Used by file_unlink()
.
Possible values:
userdata
(= u64
)User-provided value that can be attached to objects that is retained when extracted from the kernel.
Used by event
and subscription
.
whence
(u8
enum
)Relative to which position the offset of the file descriptor should be set.
Used by fd_seek()
.
Possible values:


OpenRoad is a service specifically for those responsible for highway
maintenance such as local authorities. In conjunction with Vaisala TMI
Ltd a highly accurate service is provided involving interpretation of data
from specifically positioned sensors. The service includes a range of forecasts
from specific ice prediction and 24 hour forecasts to 2-5 day and 6-10
forecasts. Direct telephone access is provided 24 hours a day to a forecaster
at a local Weather Centre.
OpenRail is a service for those providing railway transport to commerce
and the general public. It includes as well as routine forecasts specialised
services for ice, snow, excess heat and leaves. There are also special products
for steam train operators and those concerned about keeping platforms safe.
Other services offered by the Land Transport Group include OpenFreight, OpenRunway and OpenBridge all tailored to the specific needs of particular transport operators.
For further information contact:
Anthony Astbury
Tel.No. +44 (0)121 717 0574
Postal Address: Birmingham Weather Centre, Land Transport Group, 2040 The Cresent, Birmingham
Business Park, Birmingham, B37 7YE. United Kingdom


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Testresults reported at {{ result.created_date | date:"d.m.Y H:i:s" }}
Results from client IP {{ result.clientip }} to speedtest-server at {{ result.hostname }} (connected for reporting as {{ result.ip }})