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Extended Authentication (XAuth)
- Introducing XAuth - Meebo Dev Blog
- XAuth, OAuth, and Yahoo! OpenID - Yahoo! Developer Network
- Simplifying the social web with XAuth - Google Social Web
XAuth is an open platform for extending authenticated user services across the web.
Participating services generate a browser token for each of their users. Publishers can then recognize when site visitors are logged in to those online services and present them with meaningful, relevant options.
Users can choose to authenticate directly from the publisher site and use the service to share, interact with friends, or participate in the site's community. The XAuth Token can be anything, so services have the flexibility to define whatever level of access they choose.
For site publishers, the multiple HTTP requests necessary to recognize every potential online service are slow and inefficient. XAuth provides a central domain (http://xauth.org) with a lightweight JavaScript library that can be accessed via a single HTTP request.
Users are often presented with many social services when browsing a site. They likely only are interested in one or two. XAuth allows the user experience to be immediately relevant, so that they can easily access the services that are useful to them.
Service providers participating in XAuth can reach their existing userbase anywhere on the web without being buried in the deluge of other social services that may be available and competing for space on the publisher site.
The service providers have complete control over the features they enable for the publisher site. The XAuth Token could be a single bit denoting the existence of an authenticated user, or it could be a session ID that passes public profile info via API calls from the publisher.
Users can decide which services pass data to sites through XAuth. To view and modify any currently enabled browser XAuth tokens, go to xauth.org/
Developers can view the XAuth specifications and explore XAuth calls at xauth.org/spec/
More Great Resources:
- Using XAuth to simplify the social web - Google Code Blog
- XAuth Discussion Group - Get Involved


| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| A1cResult |
Represents a patient's A1C result
|
| BloodPressureResult |
Represents a blood pressure measurement
|
| BooleanResult |
Holds a true or false value and a date for patient status
|
| CategoricalResult |
This class represents a patient's categorical result.
|
| CategoricalValue |
This class contains a category and an associated value for statistical
representation.
|
| Clinic |
This class represents a clinic.
|
| ContinuousResult |
This class represents a continuous measurement for a patient.
|
| Dashboard |
This class holds the most recent information gathered for a patient.
|
| DataEntryContainer |
This class contains all the variables necessary for patient data entry.
|
| DemographicData |
This class holds demographic data for a patient population.
|
| DiscreteResult |
This class represents a discrete measurement for a patient.
|
| EmailMessage |
This class contains the subject and content of an email message.
|
| EyeExamDefinition |
This class represents an eye exam code and its definition.
|
| FootExamRiskDefinition |
This class represents a foot exam risk category and its definition.
|
| HealthyTarget |
This class represents a healthy target range for a patient's measurement.
|
| HealthyTargetReference |
This class holds the references for healthy target ranges.
|
| HealthyTargetStatus |
This class holds the healthy target status values for a patient.
|
| LdlResult |
This class represents a patient's LDL measurement.
|
| Medication |
This class represents a patient's medication.
|
| NoteAuthor |
This class holds a user and a time stamp to indicate when the user updated a
progress note.
|
| Patient |
This class represents a patient.
|
| ProgressNote |
This class holds all the details for a patient's progress note.
|
| PsychologicalScreeningReference |
This class describes a psychological screening value and reference
information.
|
| PsychologicalScreeningResult |
This class represents the result of a psychological screening.
|
| QualityReference |
This class represents a quality role and responsibility.
|
| ReferenceContainer |
This class contains the reference information used by the application.
|
| Stats |
This class contains data for statistical representation of clinic population
health.
|
| TelephoneFollowUpDefinition |
The class represents a telephone follow-up status and its definition
|
| Therapy |
This class represents a therapy.
|
| TreatmentHistory |
This class represents a record of patient treatment.
|
| TshResult |
This class represents a patient's TSH result.
|
| User |
This class represents a diabetes registry user.
|


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} GOV.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block content %} Select your GP {{ session.gpPractice }} Union Road, New Mills, High Peak, SK22 4QP Select your GP Dr John Dr Smith I don't know my GP {% endblock %}
{{ session.gpPractice }} Union Road, New Mills, High Peak, SK22 4QP


The Stock Service library offers access to the Google’s Finance feed. This is stock data available from U.S. exchanges such as NASDAQ and NYSE and covers a wide variety of stocks.
Note that this data stream has a very high velocity - if you check every five minutes, you’ll find it may have already changed.
>>> import stockservice
You can get information for any stock, for example let’s get information for Apple
>>> stock_dict = stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
>>> stock_dict
{'last_trade_date_and_time': u'May 22, 11:25AM EDT', 'ticker_name': u'AAPL', 'last_trade_price': 605.51, 'exchange_name': u'NASDAQ', 'change_percentage': -0.13, 'change_number': -0.8}
If you wish to access information within the dictionary, you can do so by specifying the key to use and the value will be returned.
>>> stock_dict['change_number']
0.99
>>> stock_dict['last_trade_date_and_time']
'May 22, 11:25AM EDT'
>>> stock_dict['last_trade_price']
605.51
Here is the complete list of information that can be retrieved from the dictionary
| Keys | Explanation |
|---|---|
| last_trade_date_and_time | last trade date and time for a stock |
| ticker_name | ticker name for a stock |
| last_trade_price | last trade price for a stock |
| exchange_name | exchange that a stock is listed under |
| change_percentage | percentage change for a stock since the opening bel |
| change_number | decimal change for a stock since the opening bell |
The built-in cache allows you to work online:
>>> stockservice.connect() # unnecessary: default is connected
or offline:
>>> stockservice.disconnect()
>>> stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
{'last_trade_date_and_time': u'May 21, 11:25AM EDT', 'ticker_name': u'AAPL', 'last_trade_price': 603.55, 'exchange_name': u'NASDAQ', 'change_percentage': -0.19, 'change_number': -1.16}
But remember there must be data in the cache already!
>>> stock = stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
stockservice.StockServiceException: There were no results
Say you want to add Apple’s stock (AAPL) to the cache
>>> stockservice._start_editing()
>>> stock = stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
>>> stockservice._save_cache()
Now the file “cache.json” file will have an entry for (“AAPL”), and you can use that as an input to the function when disconnected.
You can also create a different cache file by passing a filename to the _save_cache() method, and use that cache by passing its name to the disconnect() method.
For example, this will populate a file called “goog.json”, which will contain stock information for google
>>> stockservice._start_editing()
>>> goog_stock = stockservice.get_stock_information("GOOG")
>>> stockservice._save_cache('goog.json')
To use that cached file, specify the json file name when you call disconnect():
>>> stockservice.disconnect("goog.json")
Finally, you can put multiple entries into the cache for a given input, simulating multiple calls. These items will be appended. If the cache runs out, it will start returning empty reports.
>>> stockservice.connect()
>>> stockservice._start_editing()
>>> goog_stock = stockservice.get_stock_information("GOOG")
>>> aapl_stock = stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
>>> stockservice._save_cache()
>>> stockservice.disconnect()
>>> stockservice.get_stock_information("GOOG")
{'last_trade_date_and_time': u'May 22, 12:40PM EDT', 'ticker_name': u'GOOG', 'last_trade_price': 542.66, 'exchange_name': u'NASDAQ', 'change_percentage': 0.69, 'change_number': 3.72}
>>> stockservice.get_stock_information("AAPL")
{'last_trade_date_and_time': u'May 21, 11:26AM EDT', 'ticker_name': u'AAPL', 'last_trade_price': 603.55, 'exchange_name': u'NASDAQ', 'change_percentage': -0.19, 'change_number': -1.16}
Connect to the online data source in order to get up-to-date information.
| Returns: | void |
|---|
Connect to the local cache, so no internet connection is required.
| Returns: | void |
|---|
Retrieves current stock information.


Black Beauty
by Anna Sewell
Part 4, Chapter 49: My Last Home
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1870
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Sewell, A. (1870) Black Beauty New York: F.M. Lupton Publishing Co.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 4.2
- Word Count: 1,103
- Genre: Memoir
- Keywords: first person narrative, horses
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
One day during this summer the groom cleaned and dressed me with such extraordinary care that I thought some new change must be at hand; he trimmed my fetlocks and legs, passed the tarbrush over my hoofs, and even parted my forelock. I think the harness had an extra polish. Willie seemed half-anxious, half-merry, as he got into the chaise with his grandfather.
"If the ladies take to him," said the old gentleman, "they'll be suited and he'll be suited. We can but try."
At the distance of a mile or two from the village we came to a pretty, low house, with a lawn and shrubbery at the front and a drive up to the door. Willie rang the bell, and asked if Miss Blomefield or Miss Ellen was at home. Yes, they were. So, while Willie stayed with me, Mr. Thoroughgood went into the house. In about ten minutes he returned, followed by three ladies; one tall, pale lady, wrapped in a white shawl, leaned on a younger lady, with dark eyes and a merry face; the other, a very stately-looking person, was Miss Blomefield. They all came and looked at me and asked questions. The younger lady—that was Miss Ellen—took to me very much; she said she was sure she should like me, I had such a good face. The tall, pale lady said that she should always be nervous in riding behind a horse that had once been down, as I might come down again, and if I did she should never get over the fright.
"You see, ladies," said Mr. Thoroughgood, "many first-rate horses have had their knees broken through the carelessness of their drivers without any fault of their own, and from what I see of this horse I should say that is his case; but of course I do not wish to influence you. If you incline you can have him on trial, and then your coachman will see what he thinks of him."
"You have always been such a good adviser to us about our horses," said the stately lady, "that your recommendation would go a long way with me, and if my sister Lavinia sees no objection we will accept your offer of a trial, with thanks."
It was then arranged that I should be sent for the next day.
In the morning a smart-looking young man came for me. At first he looked pleased; but when he saw my knees he said in a disappointed voice:
"I didn't think, sir, you would have recommended my ladies a blemished horse like that."
"'Handsome is that handsome does'," said my master; "you are only taking him on trial, and I am sure you will do fairly by him, young man.
I was led to my new home, placed in a comfortable stable, fed, and left to myself. The next day, when the groom was cleaning my face, he said:
"That is just like the star that 'Black Beauty' had; he is much the same height, too. I wonder where he is now."
A little further on he came to the place in my neck where I was bled and where a little knot was left in the skin. He almost started, and began to look me over carefully, talking to himself.
 It must be 'Black Beauty'! Why, Beauty! Beauty! do you know me?—little Joe Green, that almost killed you?" And he began patting and patting me as if he was quite overjoyed.
I could not say that I remembered him, for now he was a fine grown young fellow, with black whiskers and a man's voice, but I was sure he knew me, and that he was Joe Green, and I was very glad. I put my nose up to him, and tried to say that we were friends. I never saw a man so pleased.
"Give you a fair trial! I should think so indeed! I wonder who the rascal was that broke your knees, my old Beauty! you must have been badly served out somewhere; well, well, it won't be my fault if you haven't good times of it now. I wish John Manly was here to see you."
In the afternoon I was put into a low park chair and brought to the door. Miss Ellen was going to try me, and Green went with her. I soon found that she was a good driver, and she seemed pleased with my paces. I heard Joe telling her about me, and that he was sure I was Squire Gordon's old "Black Beauty".
When we returned the other sisters came out to hear how I had behaved myself. She told them what she had just heard, and said:
"I shall certainly write to Mrs. Gordon, and tell her that her favorite horse has come to us. How pleased she will be!"
After this I was driven every day for a week or so, and as I appeared to be quite safe, Miss Lavinia at last ventured out in the small close carriage. After this it was quite decided to keep me and call me by my old name of "Black Beauty".
I have now lived in this happy place a whole year. Joe is the best and kindest of grooms. My work is easy and pleasant, and I feel my strength and spirits all coming back again. Mr. Thoroughgood said to Joe the other day:
"In your place he will last till he is twenty years old—perhaps more."
Willie always speaks to me when he can, and treats me as his special friend. My ladies have promised that I shall never be sold, and so I have nothing to fear; and here my story ends. My troubles are all over, and I am at home; and often before I am quite awake, I fancy I am still in the orchard at Birtwick, standing with my old friends under the apple-trees.


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Tracey Speaks Allan
Unafffiliated
I am currently a part time substitute teacher at Colorado Academy. My husband and I also own a medical practice that I managed from 2012-2018. We have a Practice Manager now that handles the day to day operations. I help with strategic planning and fill in when needed. In 2011, I was chosen as a candidate to complete an educator intensive internship to complete my elementary education certificate. I completed this program in 2012. Prior to this, I was a stay-at-home parent raising 3 wonderful humans.
My primary education, K-12, was in private schools outside Chicago. I received my bachelor’s degree from Northwestern University in Evanston, IL majoring in Philosophy with a minor in Business. I have always had a passion for artistic endeavors and spent the majority of my working career as a hairdresser in downtown Chicago. There, I managed a large salon and oversaw the day to day business as well as HR for nearly 100 employees. During my time in Chicago, I served on the Ranch Triangle (a Chicago neighborhood) Planning Commission.
80235
I donated to Michael Bennett’s presidential campaign. My husband also donated some to Jaime Harrison and Jon Osoff. It was about ending government obstruction more than political party.
I have volunteered with HOPE (Helping Other People Eat) which is a program through Colorado Academy that provides meals, clothing, holiday presents, and activities for nearly 2,000 Denver area residents. I also taught at Horizons which helps children from at risk homes and school districts perform at grade level or above to broaden their opportunities through education.
I believe my experience in managing two companies, strategic planning, day to day operations, as well as Human Resource issues, has given me the skill set to listen to the concerns and objectives of a person, people, or organization and strategize and plan a course of action with the best outcome as the goal.
I believe in fair representation for all people. This issue is (or should be) not about political beliefs, but about representation of the people and our democracy working for all the citizens regardless of political affiliation or geographic location.
One of the most useful skills I have learned is to listen to several points of view and distill them down to the essential framework of the issue. I believe this to be the crux of this task. As far as fairness and impartiality is concerned, I have had to practice fairness and being non-judgemental in the classroom and with many patients at the medical practice. The most basic respect is the respect of others to hold their own opinions no matter how different they may be from my own. My political impartiality comes from my Philosophy background. This particular endeavor speaks directly to my belief that politics may change, but finding the consistent universality of a system that can provide the framework for those politics is essential. This task is much bigger than the current political climate that is fleeting.
My Philosophy degree gave me the skills to see the abstract. My business experience gave me the skills to practically apply ideas and strategies. My teaching experience gave me the skills to compassionately communicate.
Female


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Apache FOP: Graphics Formats
Overview of Graphics Support
The table below summarizes the theoretical support for graphical formats within FOP. In other words, within the constraints of the limitations listed here, these formats should work. However, many of them have not been tested, and there may be limitations that have not yet been discovered or documented. The packages needed to support some formats are not included in the FOP distribution and must be installed separately. Follow the links in the "Support Thru" column for more details.
| Format | Type | FOP native support | Batik SVG | Batik codecs | Image I/O | JAI | JIMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) | bitmap | X | |||||
| EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) | metafile (both bitmap and vector), probably most frequently used for vector drawings | (X) | |||||
| GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) | bitmap | X | X | X | X | ||
| JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) | bitmap | (X) | |||||
| PNG (Portable Network Graphic) | bitmap | X | |||||
| SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) | vector (with embedded bitmaps) | X | |||||
| TIFF (Tag Image Format File) | bitmap | (X) | X | X |
Graphics Packages
FOP Native
FOP has native ability to handle some graphic file formats.
Batik codecs
Apache Batik contains codecs for PNG and TIFF access. FOP can use these.
Image I/O (JDK 1.4 or higher)
For JDKs 1.4 or higher, FOP provides a wrapper to load images through the JDK's Image I/O API (JSR 015). Image I/O allows to dynamically add additional image codecs. An example of such an add-on library are the JAI Image I/O Tools available from Sun.
JIMI
Because of licensing issues, the JIMI image library is not included in the FOP distribution. First, download and install it. Then, copy the file "JimiProClasses.zip" from the archive to {fop-install-dir}/lib/jimi-1.0.jar. Please note that FOP binary distributions are compiled with JIMI support, so there is no need for you to build FOP to add the support. If jimi-1.0.jar is installed in the right place, it will automatically be used by FOP, otherwise it will not.
JAI (Java Advanced Imaging API)
FOP has been compiled with JAI support, but JAI is not included in the FOP distribution. To use it, install JAI, then copy the jai_core.jar and the jai_codec.jar files to {fop-install-dir}/lib. JAI is much faster than JIMI, but is not available for all platforms. See What platforms are supported? on the JAI FAQ page for more details.
Batik
Current FOP distributions include a distribution of the Apache Batik version 1.6. It is automatically installed with FOP. Because Batik's API changes frequently, it is highly recommended that you use the version that ships with FOP, at least when running FOP.
Batik must be run in a graphical environment. It uses AWT classes for rendering SVG, which in turn require an X server on Unixish systems. If you run a server without X, or if you can't connect to the X server due to security restrictions or policies (a so-called "headless" environment), SVG rendering will fail.
Here are some workarounds:
- If you are using JDK 1.4, start it with the -Djava.awt.headless=true command line option.
- Install an X server which provides an in-memory framebuffer without actually using a screen device or any display hardware. One example is Xvfb.
- Install a toolkit which emulates AWT without the need for an underlying X server. One example is the PJA toolkit, which is free and comes with detailed installation instructions.
BMP
FOP native support for BMP images is limited to the RGB color-space.
EPS
FOP provides support for two output targets:
- PostScript (full support).
- PDF (partial support). Due to the lack of a built-in PostScript interpreter, FOP can only embed the EPS file into the PDF. Acrobat Reader will not currently display the EPS (it doesn't have a PostScript interpreter, either) but it will be shown correctly when you print the PDF on a PostScript-capable printer. PostScript devices (including GhostScript) will render the EPS correctly.
Other output targets can't be supported at the moment because FOP lacks a PostScript interpreter. Furthermore, FOP is not able to parse the preview bitmaps sometimes contained in EPS files.
JPEG
FOP native support of JPEG does not include all variants, especially those containing unusual color lookup tables and color profiles. If you have trouble with a JPEG image in FOP, try opening it with an image processing program (such as Photoshop or Gimp) and then saving it. Specifying 24-bit color output may also help. For the PDF and PostScript renderers most JPEG images can be passed through without decompression. User reports indicate that grayscale, RGB, and CMYK color-spaces are all rendered properly.
PNG
If using JAI for PNG support, only RGB and RGBA color-spaces are supported for FOP rendering.
SVG
Introduction
FOP uses Batik for SVG support. This format can be handled as an fo:instream-foreign-object or in a separate file referenced with fo:external-graphic.
Placing SVG Graphics into PDF
The SVG is rendered into PDF by using PDF commands to draw and fill lines and curves. This means that the graphical objects created with this remain as vector graphics.
There are a number of SVG things that cannot be converted directly into PDF. Parts of the graphic such as effects, patterns and images are inserted into the PDF as a raster graphic. The resolution of this graphic may not be ideal depending on the FOP dpi (72dpi) and the scaling for that graphic. We hope to improve this in the future.
Currently transparency is not supported in PDF so many svg images that contain effects or graphics with transparent areas will not be displayed correctly.
Placing SVG Text into PDF
If possible, Batik will use normal PDF text when inserting text. It does this by checking if the text can be drawn normally and the font is supported. This example svg text.svg / text.pdf shows how various types and effects with text are handled. Note that tspan and outlined text are not yet implemented.
Otherwise, text is converted and drawn as a set of shapes by batik, using the stroking text painter. This means that a typical character will have about 10 curves (each curve consists of at least 20 characters). This can make the pdf files large and when the pdf is viewed the viewer does not normally draw those fine curves very well (turning on Smooth Line Art in the Acrobat preferences will fix this). If the text is inserted into the PDF using the inbuilt text commands for PDF it will use a single character.
Note that because SVG text can be rendered as either text or a vector graphic, you may need to consider settings in your viewer for both. The Acrobat viewer has both "smooth line art" and "smooth text" settings that may need to be set for SVG images to be displayed nicely on your screen (see Edit / Preferences / Display). This setting will not affect the printing of your document, which should be OK in any case, but will only affect the quality of the screen display.
Scaling
Currently, SVG images are rendered with the dimensions specified in the SVG file, within the viewport specified in the fo:external-graphic element. For everything to work properly, the two should be equal. The SVG standard leaves this issue as an implementation detail. FOP will probably implement a scaling mechanism in the future.
Known Problems
- soft mask transparency is combined with white so that it looks better on pdf 1.3 viewers but this causes the soft mask to be slightly lighter or darker on pdf 1.4 viewers
- there is some problem with a gradient inside a pattern causing a pdf error when viewed in acrobat 5
- text is not always handled correctly, it may select the wrong font especially if characters have multiple fonts in the font list
- more pdf text handling could be implemented It could draw the string using the attributed character iterator to handle tspans and other simple changes of text.
- JPEG images are not inserted directly into the pdf document This area has not been implemented yet since the appropriate method in batik is static
- Uniform transparency for images and other svg elements that are converted into a raster graphic are not drawn properly in PDF. The image is opaque.
TIFF
FOP-native TIFF support is limited to PDF and PostScript output only. Also, according to user reports, FOP's native support for TIFF is limited to images with the following characteristics (all must be true for successful rendering):
- single channel images (i.e., bi-level and grayscale only)
- uncompressed images, or images using CCITT T.4, CCITT T.6, or JPEG compression
- images using white-is-zero encoding in the TIFF PhotometricInterpretation tag
JAI: Supports RGB and RGBA only for FOP rendering.
Graphics Resolution
Some bitmapped image file formats store a dots-per-inch (dpi) or other resolution value. Since PDF and most output formats do not have a concept of resolution, but only of absolute image units (i.e. pixels) FOP ignores the resolution values as well. Instead, FOP uses the dimensions of the image as specified in the fo:external-graphic element to render the image:
- If no dimensions are given, FOP uses a default value of 72 dpi to compute the graphic's dimensions. For example, suppose a graphic 300 pixels wide and 400 pixels high. FOP will render the graphic at 4.167 inches wide, 5.555 inches high, with an apparent resolution of 72 dpi.
- If only one dimension is given, FOP by default uses the same aspect ratio to compute the other dimension (to avoid the appearance of stretching). For example, suppose a graphic 300 pixels wide and 400 pixels high, for which content-width = ".5in". FOP will compute the content-height = .667 inches, and will render the graphic at that size, with an apparent resolution of 600 dpi.
- If both dimensions are given, FOP simply renders the image in that space. For example, suppose a graphic 300 pixels wide and 400 pixels high, for which content-width = "3in" and content-height = "4in". FOP will render the graphic at that size, with an apparent resolution of 100 dpi.
If you need a higher apparent output resolution for bitmapped images, first make sure that at least one dimension of the image is defined in your XSL-FO input. Apart from that, resolution problems are in the image file itself, and must be corrected there: use or create a higher-resolution image file.
Image caching
FOP caches images between runs. The URL is used as a key to identify images which means that when a particular URL appears again, the image is taken from the cache. If you have a servlet that generates a different image each time it is called with the same URL you need to use a constantly changing dummy parameter on the URL to avoid caching.
The image cache has been improved considerably in the redesigned code. Therefore, a resetCache() method has become unnecessary. If you still experience OutOfMemoryErrors, please notify us.


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LTRAlign
This
Executor in
plugins
aligns two base sequences on the assumption that they contain an LTR
pair.
There are six parameters:
- DNAFile: The name of the DNA file in the current
directory to search in.
Default: name of current directory + '.txt'.
- Start1: The first (external) position in DNA of the
first sequence.
Default: -1.
- End1: The last (external) position in DNA of the
first sequence.
Default: -1.
- Start2: The first (external) position in DNA of the
second sequence.
Default: -1.
- End2: The last (external) position in DNA of the
second sequence.
Default: -1.
- MerLength: The length of the initial search sequence.
Default: 11.
Output will be to the standard output (text window unless you redirect
to a file). If everything works, there will first be information mainly
of interest for debugging. Then an alignment of the sequences, with
direct repeats marked with #, short inverted repeats with !! and
hotspot (polyadenylation signal) with %.


In this document we explain how all the various pieces of the Lean tools ecosystem fit together. Understanding this precisely is not required, but it will help if you decide to explore non-recommended setups. In particular we will gradually introduce new pieces in the story, starting with a bare bone Lean. This is not the recommended setup. Also this document is long, that's the price for not wanting to blindly follow the recommended setup instructions.
Of course the main piece is Lean itself. You can download Lean binaries for your OS here.
This contains folders bin
, include
and lib
.
The bin
folder contains a lean
executable which you can run.
That's all, Lean is installed!
You can make is slightly more convenient to use by ensuring this bin
folder is in your path, or maybe by creating a link to
lean
from a folder which is in you path.
You can now check your first proof.
In a file called test.lean
, type:
lemma zero_max (m : ℕ) : max 0 m = m :=
max_eq_right (nat.zero_le m)
Then you can ask Lean to check this proof by running lean test.lean
.
Lean will think for a second (most of it spend in intialization) and return control to you, without outputing anything.
That's Lean's idea of a dignified triumph.
If you start messing up with the file, say deleting the final m
on the last line,
Lean will output an error message.
That's 99.9% of what Lean and its supporting tool do,
but the remaining 0.1% will make your life much easier.
Before turning to that, you need to understand why Lean didn't ask for the definition of ℕ
, max
, max_eq_right
and nat.zero_le
.
That's because all those are defined in the part of Lean's core library that is automatically loaded by default.
This default library lives in the lib
folder you saw after downloading Lean,
precisely in lib/lean/library/init/
.
You can prevent loading it by starting your test.lean
with the line prelude
.
Then everything will fall apart.
Lean will not know about ℕ
, max
, or even the equality sign!
And it won't attempt to read the proof of a statement it couldn't understand.
So you should not keep that prelude
line.
Your Lean work has grown quite a bit since you installed Lean,
so let's start a second file, test2.lean
that should build on the knowledge gathered in test.lean
.
In test2.lean
, put an important special case of our zero_max
lemma:
lemma zero_max_one {m : nat} : max 0 1 = 1 :=
zero_max 1
Trying to compile it with lean test2.lean
fails: Lean complains it doesn't know about
our zero_max
lemma.
You need to tell Lean that test2.lean
relies on test.lean
.
So add on top of test2.lean
the line import test
.
Now Lean complains it cannot find the file test
in LEAN_PATH
.
You can ask Lean where it searches for files by running lean --path
, and paying attention
to the lines in the "path" list.
Notice this list does not contain the folder where test.lean
is sitting.
That all caps name in the error message suggests setting an environment variable called LEAN_PATH
could help.
Indeed you can run:
LEAN_PATH=path_to_our_lean_install_folder/lib/lean/library/:path_to_folder_containing_test lean test2.lean
and this succeeds. Note that omitting the first part would have brought you to the prelude situation where Lean does not know about natural numbers or equality.
Setting this LEAN_PATH
variable is clearly annoying.
There is a much better way, and actually you should never set this environment variable.
Now create, next to test.lean
and test2.lean
, a file leanpkg.path
containing:
builtin_path
path .
That's it, each time you'll invoke Lean from within this folder or one of its subfolders,
it will look for files in the default places and in the folder containing your new leanpkg.path
(the path mentioned in the second line is relative to the folder containing leanpkg.path
, and .
means current folder).
Now check lean --path
from outside or inside the folder containing leanpkg.path
to see the difference.
Note that the way builtin_path
is resolved is by going to ../library
and ../lib/lean/library
relative to the location of the executing lean
process. Usually lean will be at lean-install-dir/bin/lean
and so this
will go to either lean-install-dir/bin/library
(which is used when you
build lean
) or lean-install-dir/bin/lib/lean/library
(which is used
when you use the bare binary distribution).
Note that lean
rechecks test.lean
each time you ask it to check test2.lean
,
even if test.lean
was not modified since it was last checked.
This is clearly a waste of CPU.
You can ask Lean to remember its work by running lean --make test.lean
.
This will create test.olean
containing all the relevant information from test.lean
you need in
test2.lean
.
The source file test.lean
won't be checked again while checking test2.lean
as long as you don't modify its content.
Lean is branded as an interactive theorem prover.
Writing files and asking Lean to check them is not very interactive.
For instance, you should be able to interactively ask Lean where max
is defined.
Remember you typed that max
name on the first line of test.lean
, in columns 26 to 28.
You can run Lean is interactive mode, also known as server mode, using lean --server
.
Again not much happens.
Lean is waiting for instructions or questions on the standard input pipe.
You can ask it to have a look at test.lean
by typing:
{ "command": "sync", "file_name": "test.lean", "seq_num": 1 }
It will answer a couple of messages, claiming to start working, and then be to done before returning to silence.
You can then ask for information about what's at column 27 of line 1 of test.lean
by typing:
{ "command": "info", "file_name": "test.lean", "line": 1, "column": 27, "seq_num": 2 }
Lean's answer will include the location of the file defining max
as well as the type of
max
.
Now tell Lean you want to modify the file test.lean
to remove the final m
at the end:
{ "command": "sync", "file_name": "test.lean", "content": "lemma zero_max (m : ℕ) : max 0 m = m :=\nmax_eq_right (nat.zero_le)", "seq_num": 3 }
Lean will immediately reply with the error message we saw earlier,
complaining that nat.zero_le
has type ∀ (n : ℕ), 0 ≤ n
but is expected to have type 0 ≤ m
.
By now you should be tired of interacting directly with Lean's interactive mode.
It's time to install an editor having some plugin that will do the talking with
lean --server
.
Currently you get to choose between emacs and VS code.
That editor plugin will also be in charge of finding the lean
executable and starting lean --server
inside the directory containing the leanpkg.path
that you carefully crafted in the previous section.
Your current project only has two files, test.lean
and test2.lean
which
both depend on part of Lean's core library.
But you want to start using what other people did, so you'll need other Lean files,
for instance from mathlib.
You could download mathlib, and add a line to your leanpkg.path
pointing to
mathlib/src
.
But of course you'll want to put your project under version control without versionning mathlib,
which is already versionned somewhere else.
And you want to update mathlib regularly to enjoy all the latest goodies.
And mathlib is very long to compile (ie. making olean files), so you'd like to get a precompiled version.
All this means you need a Lean project manager.
Your download at the very beginning does include such a tool, at
bin/leanpkg
.
That one is written in Lean (you can see all the code in lib/lean/leanpkg/
), so you already have all
the required dependencies.
However Lean, at least in its current series Lean 3.X.X, is not convenient at all to build a powerful
project manager.
So the Lean user community has build a more powerful project manager written in python: leanproject
.
The downside is you need to have a sane python3 environment to use it, so that you can
run something like pip install mathlibtools
to get it,
see mathlib-tools' webpage for more information.
For historical reasons, leanproject
still calls leanpkg
for some simple operations.
Because of this and for compatibility reasons,
both managers use the same configuration file for your project,
called leanpkg.toml
.
This file should be at the root of your project.
It is written in the config file language TOML (which has nothing to do with ML or ML).
You don't need to know anything about the required fields of this configuation file, because the package manager
will write everything there for you.
It will also handle writing the leanpkg.path
file for you,
and download and update a compiled mathlib for you.
Lean is a very active project.
The core team around Leonardo de Moura at Microsoft research is developing Lean 4,
which is not yet ready for end users,
while the user community still develops Lean 3.
So you'll want to frequently update Lean itself.
Again you don't want to think about this, so elan will handle it.
This version manager also reads your project leanpkg.toml
,
and uses it to decide which version of Lean you want to run,
and download it if needed.
This is completely transparent.
You can continue to run lean
,
directly or through your editor plugin or through leanproject
,
and elan
will call the appropriate Lean version.
This is why the first step in the recommended installation procedure is to install elan
.
Then the second step is to install leanproject
(in mathlib-tools
),
and the third step is to install a compatible editor and its Lean plugin.
And then leanproject
and the editor plugin handle everything.


|
Ipass project Natan Houwaart
|
For efficiency, some operations are (potentially) buffered. A direct operation will have an immediate external effect (for output operations) or work on a fresh sample of the external conditions (for input operations). A buffered operation might have its effect delayed up to the next flush operation (output), or work on input that is as old as the most recent refresh() operation.
Operations on pins, ports, AD-inputs, DA-outputs, character streams, graphic windows, etc. are by default (potentially) buffered. To ensure direct effects, all reads must be preceded by a refresh call, and all writes must be succeeded by a flush call
The direct() decorator automates this, making the refresh() and flus() calls unnecessary.
Using unbuffered operations can produce a significant speedup because the actual output operation is postponed, and can handle all pending changes in one go.
For the OLED the difference can be very large. Writing one pixel requires up to three operations:
The buffered graphics operations write to the in-memory pixel buffer, which is written out to the oled in one go by the flush operation. This is done in one I2C transaction, with some small overhead and 1024 data bytes. Hence a flush takes roughly the time it takes to write 60 pixels. For the SPI interface the single pixel write overhead is a little bit smaller because a SPI transfer has no command byte (hence each transfer takes 1 byte less).
Character output to a graphic window is always buffered. The flush manipulator is required to write the pixels to the screen.
For efficiency, some operations are (potentially) buffered. A direct operation will have an immediate external effect (for output operations) or work on a fresh sample of the external conditions (for input operations). A buffered operation might have its effect delayed up to the next flush operation (output), or work on input that is as old as the most recent refresh() operation.
Operations on pins, ports, AD-inputs, DA-outputs, character streams, graphic windows, etc. are by default (potentially) buffered. To ensure direct effects, all reads must be preceded by a refresh call, and all writes must be succeeded by a flush call
The direct() decorator automates this, making the refresh() and flush() calls unnecessary.
Using buffered operations can produce a significant speedup because the actual output operation is postponed, and can handle all pending changes in one go.
The pcf8574a is an i2c I/O extender that provided 8 open-collector pins. The hwlib::pcf8574a class is buffered: when a value is written to a pin, it is actually written to a buffer in RAM. A flush call writes this buffer to the chip, but only when it has beenm written to since the last flush. When a flush call is done after each write, each flush writes to the chip. On a 12 MHz LPC1114, four writes and flushes take 3.8 ms.
When the flush() calls are done after the four write() calls, it all takes only 1.0 ms. Most of this is spent in the first flush() call, the others have nothing left to do.


Money Play. How should Red play 51?
pips Red=153 White=139
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This position was posted to prove there is more than one valid game plan in some positions. Even the Double Tiger play, 6/5*, 6/1*, is only a small error.
23/22, 13/8; 24/23, 13/8; 13/8, 6/5* and 23/22, 6/1* are all perfectly acceptable with the first two moves tied for first place.
23/22, 13/8; 24/23, 13/8; 13/8, 6/5* and 23/22, 6/1* are all perfectly acceptable with the first two moves tied for first place.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 23/22 13/8 Eq.: -0.677 0.251 0.062 0.003 - 0.749 0.315 0.013 2. Cubeful 2-ply 13/8 6/5* Eq.: -0.679 (-0.002) 0.244 0.061 0.003 - 0.756 0.295 0.019 3. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23 13/8 Eq.: -0.683 (-0.006) 0.194 0.038 0.001 - 0.806 0.171 0.005 4. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23 8/3 Eq.: -0.702 (-0.025) 0.193 0.038 0.001 - 0.807 0.186 0.007 5. Cubeful 2-ply 23/22 6/1* Eq.: -0.704 (-0.027) 0.239 0.053 0.002 - 0.761 0.303 0.017


Something cryptic…
Below you will find a listing of some of my research. This was previously found at http://fermat.ma.rhul.ac.uk/~paula/. Feel free to contact me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for any information.
S. D. Galbraith, J. McKee and P. Valenca, Ordinary abelian varieties having small embedding degree, eprint 2004/365.
To appear in proceedings of the `Mathematical Problems and Techniques in Cryptology' workshop, Barcelona, June 2005.Ordinary abelian varieties having small embedding degree (slides).
International Workshop on Pairings in Cryptography 12-15 June 2005, Dublin, Ireland,
`Mathematical Problems and Techniques in Cryptology' workshop, Barcelona, June 2005MNT families with co-factors 2 ≤ h ≤ 1024, embedding degree 3, 4 and 6. Before downloading and opening the files, please note that the full lists are quite big! Much smaller databases, with 2 ≤ h ≤ 16 are also available here. Data is made available in XML format but should be easily readable.
As a final comment, parameterisations that can be obtained from others via a transformation over the integers, will describe the same curves and are, as such, "equivalent". For example, q = 8l^2 + 6l + 3 and q = 8l^2 + 10l + 5. The lists, as they are presented here, are not filtered and most cases appear repeated in "equivalent" forms.
- embedding degree 3: cofactor up to 16 (4KB zipped, 26KB unzipped), cofactor up to 1024 (20MB zipped, 119MB unzipped)
- embedding degree 4: cofactor up to 16 (5KB zipped, 37KB unzipped), cofactor up to 1024 (28MB zipped, 178MB unzipped)
- embedding degree 6: cofactor up to 16 (4KB zipped, 25KB unzipped), cofactor up to 1024 (20MB zipped, 118MB unzipped)


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object java.awt.dnd.DragSourceContext
public class DragSourceContext
The DragSourceContext
class is responsible for managing the
initiator side of the Drag and Drop protocol. In particular, it is responsible
for managing drag event notifications to the DragSourceListener
s
and DragSourceMotionListener
s, and providing the
Transferable
representing the source data for the drag operation.
Note that the DragSourceContext
itself
implements the DragSourceListener
and
DragSourceMotionListener
interfaces.
This is to allow the platform peer
(the DragSourceContextPeer
instance)
created by the DragSource
to notify
the DragSourceContext
of
state changes in the ongoing operation. This allows the
DragSourceContext
to interpose
itself between the platform and the
listeners provided by the initiator of the drag operation.
DragSourceListener
,
DragSourceMotionListener
,
Serialized Form| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
protected static int |
CHANGED
An int used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the user operation has changed. |
protected static int |
DEFAULT
An int used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor should change
to the default (no drop) Cursor . |
protected static int |
ENTER
An int used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor
has entered a DropTarget . |
protected static int |
OVER
An int used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor is
over a DropTarget . |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
DragSourceContext(java.awt.dnd.peer.DragSourceContextPeer dscp,
DragGestureEvent trigger,
Cursor dragCursor,
Image dragImage,
Point offset,
Transferable t,
DragSourceListener dsl)
Called from DragSource , this constructor creates a new
DragSourceContext given the
DragSourceContextPeer for this Drag, the
DragGestureEvent that triggered the Drag, the initial
Cursor to use for the Drag, an (optional)
Image to display while the Drag is taking place, the offset
of the Image origin from the hotspot at the instant of the
triggering event, the Transferable subject data, and the
DragSourceListener to use during the Drag and Drop
operation. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
addDragSourceListener(DragSourceListener dsl)
Add a DragSourceListener to this
DragSourceContext if one has not already been added. |
void |
dragDropEnd(DragSourceDropEvent dsde)
Calls dragDropEnd on the
DragSourceListener s registered with this
DragSourceContext and with the associated
DragSource , and passes them the specified
DragSourceDropEvent . |
void |
dragEnter(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
Calls dragEnter on the
DragSourceListener s registered with this
DragSourceContext and with the associated
DragSource , and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent . |
void |
dragExit(DragSourceEvent dse)
Calls dragExit on the
DragSourceListener s registered with this
DragSourceContext and with the associated
DragSource , and passes them the specified
DragSourceEvent . |
void |
dragMouseMoved(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
Calls dragMouseMoved on the
DragSourceMotionListener s registered with the
DragSource associated with this
DragSourceContext , and them passes the specified
DragSourceDragEvent . |
void |
dragOver(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
Calls dragOver on the
DragSourceListener s registered with this
DragSourceContext and with the associated
DragSource , and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent . |
void |
dropActionChanged(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
Calls dropActionChanged on the
DragSourceListener s registered with this
DragSourceContext and with the associated
DragSource , and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent . |
Component |
getComponent()
Returns the Component associated with this
DragSourceContext . |
Cursor |
getCursor()
Returns the current drag Cursor . |
DragSource |
getDragSource()
Returns the DragSource
that instantiated this DragSourceContext . |
int |
getSourceActions()
Returns a bitwise mask of DnDConstants that
represent the set of drop actions supported by the drag source for the
drag operation associated with this DragSourceContext . |
Transferable |
getTransferable()
Returns the Transferable associated with
this DragSourceContext . |
DragGestureEvent |
getTrigger()
Returns the DragGestureEvent
that initially triggered the drag. |
void |
removeDragSourceListener(DragSourceListener dsl)
Removes the specified DragSourceListener
from this DragSourceContext . |
void |
setCursor(Cursor c)
Sets the cursor for this drag operation to the specified Cursor . |
void |
transferablesFlavorsChanged()
Notifies the peer that the Transferable 's
DataFlavor s have changed. |
protected void |
updateCurrentCursor(int dropOp,
int targetAct,
int status)
If the default drag cursor behavior is active, this method sets the default drag cursor for the specified selected operation, supported actions and status, otherwise this method does nothing. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
protected static final int DEFAULT
int
used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor
should change
to the default (no drop) Cursor
.
protected static final int ENTER
int
used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor
has entered a DropTarget
.
protected static final int OVER
int
used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the Cursor
is
over a DropTarget
.
protected static final int CHANGED
int
used by updateCurrentCursor()
indicating that the user operation has changed.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public DragSourceContext(java.awt.dnd.peer.DragSourceContextPeer dscp, DragGestureEvent trigger, Cursor dragCursor, Image dragImage, Point offset, Transferable t, DragSourceListener dsl)
DragSource
, this constructor creates a new
DragSourceContext
given the
DragSourceContextPeer
for this Drag, the
DragGestureEvent
that triggered the Drag, the initial
Cursor
to use for the Drag, an (optional)
Image
to display while the Drag is taking place, the offset
of the Image
origin from the hotspot at the instant of the
triggering event, the Transferable
subject data, and the
DragSourceListener
to use during the Drag and Drop
operation.
DragSourceContextPeer
is null
NullPointerException
is thrown.
DragGestureEvent
is null
NullPointerException
is thrown.
Cursor
is null
no exception is thrown and
the default drag cursor behavior is activated for this drag operation.
Image
is null
no exception is thrown.
Image
is not null
and the offset is
null
NullPointerException
is thrown.
Transferable
is null
NullPointerException
is thrown.
DragSourceListener
is null
no exception
is thrown.
dscp
- the DragSourceContextPeer
for this dragtrigger
- the triggering eventdragCursor
- the initial Cursor
dragImage
- the Image
to drag (or null
)offset
- the offset of the image origin from the hotspot at the
instant of the triggering eventt
- the Transferable
dsl
- the DragSourceListener
IllegalArgumentException
- if the Component
associated
with the trigger event is null
.
IllegalArgumentException
- if the DragSource
for the
trigger event is null
.
IllegalArgumentException
- if the drag action for the
trigger event is DnDConstants.ACTION_NONE
.
IllegalArgumentException
- if the source actions for the
DragGestureRecognizer
associated with the trigger
event are equal to DnDConstants.ACTION_NONE
.
NullPointerException
- if dscp, trigger, or t are null, or
if dragImage is non-null and offset is null| Method Detail |
|---|
public DragSource getDragSource()
DragSource
that instantiated this DragSourceContext
.
DragSource
that
instantiated this DragSourceContext
public Component getComponent()
Component
associated with this
DragSourceContext
.
Component
that started the dragpublic DragGestureEvent getTrigger()
DragGestureEvent
that initially triggered the drag.
public int getSourceActions()
DnDConstants
that
represent the set of drop actions supported by the drag source for the
drag operation associated with this DragSourceContext
.
public void setCursor(Cursor c)
Cursor
. If the specified Cursor
is null
, the default drag cursor behavior is
activated for this drag operation, otherwise it is deactivated.
c
- the Cursor
to display, or
null
to activate the default drag cursor
behaviorpublic Cursor getCursor()
Cursor
.
Cursor
public void addDragSourceListener(DragSourceListener dsl) throws TooManyListenersException
DragSourceListener
to this
DragSourceContext
if one has not already been added.
If a DragSourceListener
already exists,
this method throws a TooManyListenersException
.
dsl
- the DragSourceListener
to add.
Note that while null
is not prohibited,
it is not acceptable as a parameter.
TooManyListenersException
- if
a DragSourceListener
has already been added
TooManyListenersException
public void removeDragSourceListener(DragSourceListener dsl)
DragSourceListener
from this DragSourceContext
.
dsl
- the DragSourceListener
to remove;
note that while null
is not prohibited,
it is not acceptable as a parameterpublic void transferablesFlavorsChanged()
Transferable
's
DataFlavor
s have changed.
public void dragEnter(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
dragEnter
on the
DragSourceListener
s registered with this
DragSourceContext
and with the associated
DragSource
, and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent
.
dragEnter
in interface DragSourceListener
dsde
- the DragSourceDragEvent
public void dragOver(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
dragOver
on the
DragSourceListener
s registered with this
DragSourceContext
and with the associated
DragSource
, and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent
.
dragOver
in interface DragSourceListener
dsde
- the DragSourceDragEvent
public void dragExit(DragSourceEvent dse)
dragExit
on the
DragSourceListener
s registered with this
DragSourceContext
and with the associated
DragSource
, and passes them the specified
DragSourceEvent
.
dragExit
in interface DragSourceListener
dse
- the DragSourceEvent
public void dropActionChanged(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
dropActionChanged
on the
DragSourceListener
s registered with this
DragSourceContext
and with the associated
DragSource
, and passes them the specified
DragSourceDragEvent
.
dropActionChanged
in interface DragSourceListener
dsde
- the DragSourceDragEvent
public void dragDropEnd(DragSourceDropEvent dsde)
dragDropEnd
on the
DragSourceListener
s registered with this
DragSourceContext
and with the associated
DragSource
, and passes them the specified
DragSourceDropEvent
.
dragDropEnd
in interface DragSourceListener
dsde
- the DragSourceDropEvent
public void dragMouseMoved(DragSourceDragEvent dsde)
dragMouseMoved
on the
DragSourceMotionListener
s registered with the
DragSource
associated with this
DragSourceContext
, and them passes the specified
DragSourceDragEvent
.
dragMouseMoved
in interface DragSourceMotionListener
dsde
- the DragSourceDragEvent
public Transferable getTransferable()
Transferable
associated with
this DragSourceContext
.
Transferable
protected void updateCurrentCursor(int dropOp, int targetAct, int status)
dropOp
- the user's currently selected operationtargetAct
- the current target's supported actionsstatus
- the constant
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Simon Pegg (born 1970-02-14[ref]) has appeared in 22 episodes between 1998-2010. Simon Pegg on IMDB. Simon Pegg on Wikipedia. Simon Pegg on Chortle.


Building a Linux gaming PC
"Daddy the Mac is really laggy" will wear any daddy thin. The trusted Mac Mini 1,1 only sports an Intel GMA 950 graphic adapter which is overwhelmed when rendering 1920x1200 for more than eMail and simple browsing. So I will procure a Linux workstation for them. Luckily custom build machines are easy to come by in Singapore, so I can - within a budget - pick the finest components. Of course choice can be bad and a lot of decisions need to be made (that's why Apple basically says: pick your size, off you go). What I know so far:
For your personal amusement: List of mother boards my dealer carries:
- I will aim for an Intel I7 processor or its AMD equivalent
- It will be a big case to have space for enough hard disks
- The system will have at least 8 GB (eventually more) RAM since I want to run VMs when the kids are not playing
- Disks will run RAID1 (no SSD, to expensive for gaming)
- It will run Ubuntu 11.10 with PlayOnLinux installed. I probably will try KDE, Unity and Gnome shell in different accounts
- No IBM software required. It's a game machine and the kids school uses Google Docs
- Should I use 32Bit Ubuntu or 64Bit Ubuntu? Where would WINE powered applications run best?
- Intel or AMD?
- What mother board should I use? I suspect a newer EFI board would be better than the good ol' bios. But which one is well supported on Linux? The Asus P9X79 looks good, but even that comes in 4 different models
- What graphic card should I use? Which one works best on Ubuntu with PlayOnLinux?
- What else is important?
For your personal amusement: List of mother boards my dealer carries:
- Gigabyte
Gigabyte GA-H61M-S2-B3, Gigabyte GA-H61M-D2 / S2V B3, Gigabyte GA-H61M-USB3-B3, Gigabyte GA-H67M-D2 B3, Gigabyte GA-H67MA-USB3 B3, Gigabyte GA-H61-USB3 B3 ITX, Gigabyte GA-H67N-USB3 B3 ITX, Gigabyte GA-P61-USB3-B3, Gigabyte GA-PA65-UD3-B3, Gigabyte GA-P67-DS3 B3, Gigabyte GA-P67A-UD3R, Gigabyte GA-P67A-UD4 B3, Gigabyte GA-P67A-UD7 B3, Gigabyte GA-Z68MA-D2H B3, Gigabyte GA-Z68P-DS3 B3, Gigabyte GA-Z68A-D3H B3, Gigabyte GA-Z68XP-UD3 B3, Gigabyte GA-Z68XP-UD3P-B3 - Asus
Asus P8H61-M LE/USB3, Asus P8H61-M LE, Asus P8H61-M LX, Asus P8H61-M PRO, Asus P8H61 PRO, Asus P8H61-I, Asus P8H67-M LE, Asus P8H67-M, Asus P8H67, Asus P8H67-V, Asus P8H67-M PRO, Asus P8H67-M EVO, Asus P8H67-1 ITX, Asus P8H67-I DEL ITX, Asus P8Z68-V LE, Asus P8Z68-V LX, Asus P8Z68-M PRO, Asus P8Z68-V, Asus P8Z68-V PRO, Asus P8Z68-DEL, Asus Maximus IV Gene-Z, Asus Maximus IV Extreme-Z, Asus P8P67-M, Asus P8P67-M PRO, Asus P8P67, Asus P8P67 PRO, Asus P8P67 EVO, Asus P8P67 DELUXE, Asus MAXIMUS IV EXTREME - Asrock
Asrock Z68 Extreme3, Asrock Z68 EXTREME4, Asrock Z68 Extreme7 Gen3 B3, Asrock Z68 PRO3 B3, Asrock Z68 PRO GEN3 B3, Asrock Z68M-ITX/HT B3, Asrock Z68 PRO3-M B3 - Biostar
Biostar H61MLC B3, Biostar TP67B+, Biostar TP67XE Extreme OC, Biostar TZ68K+, Biostar TZ68A+, Biostar TZ68A+
Posted by Stephan H Wissel on 06 December 2011 | Comments (2) | categories: Linux


Welcome to Area Finder
This project will help you to find the area some basic figures.
We want to add more figures. So, If you interested in contributing to our project then help to make our content better.
This project will help you to find the area some basic figures.
We want to add more figures. So, If you interested in contributing to our project then help to make our content better.


SettingYou can choose which type you want to practiceChoose the type of Arithmetic's operator: + - * / You must choose one type at least!The amount of questions:<PHONE_NUMBER>0 The quantity of Arithmetic's operator: 12345 The Maxvalue:The Answer Maxvalueevery parameter Maxvalue Number {{forecast.index}}:{{forecast.formula}} = check_circlebug_report


He heard quiet steps behind him. That didnt bode well. Who could be following him this late at night and in this deadbeat part of town? And at this particular moment, just after he pulled off the big time and was making off with the greenbacks. Was there another crook whod had the same idea, and was now watching him and waiting for a chance to grab the fruit of his labor? Or did the steps behind him mean that one of many law officers in town was on to him and just waiting to pounce and snap those cuffs on his wrists? He nervously looked all around. Suddenly he saw the alley. Like lightning he darted off to the left and disappeared between the two warehouses almost falling over the trash can lying in the middle of the sidewalk.
He tried to nervously tap his way along in the inky darkness and suddenly stiffened it was a dead-end, he would have to go back the way he had come. The steps got louder and louder, he saw the black outline of a figure coming around the corner. Is this the end of the line? he thought pressing himself back against the wall trying to make himself invisible in the dark, was all that planning and energy wasted? He was dripping with sweat now, cold and wet, he could smell the fear coming off his clothes. Suddenly next to him, with a barely noticeable squeak, a door swung quietly to and fro in the nights breeze. Could this be the haven hed prayed for? Slowly he slid toward the door, pressing himself more and more into the wall, into the dark, away from his enemy. Would this door save his hide?


--- title: Home ---
I'm a Ph.D. candidate in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University in Matt Harrison's group. My research is focused on understanding when conventional statistical inference fails in settings with extreme imbalance/sparsity and using conditional inference to overcome this problem.
I did my undergraduate work at Williams College, earning a BA in Biology and Mathematics, with departmental honors in Biology. Before attending grad school, I worked at TransForm Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a JNJ company focused on drug development using laboratory automation.
For further details, consult my résumé.


Tough interior stains and exterion swirls. The Rejuvinate Package has your back.
BOOK NOWReally happy with the results! ... As thorough a cleaning job as I've ever had - highly recommended!
They're absolutely amazing! Mya and her team was very responsive and quick with my interior detailing!
Took our old bmw for bio hazard work and Mya took care of it. Good work ethic and Transparency in service! I Shall be giving more business in the future.
Revive package excellence! Have a 2017 Audi Q7 that needed some love.


| Description | Item | Qty | Each | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 2.00 | 6.00 | |
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 2.00 | 6.00 | |
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 2.00 | 6.00 | |
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 2.00 | 6.00 | |
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 4.00 | 12.00 | |
| Total | 18.00 |
|
Re-Vibe - May 15, 2021, 8:00pm Adult(ages 13 and up) Center Hughes Brothers Theatre |
3 | 2.00 | 6.00 |


{% extends 'core/wizard.html' %} {% load render_form from directory_components_tags %} {% load static from staticfiles %} {% block head_css %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock %} {% block above_form %} {% include 'fab/breadcrumbs.html' with label='Business showcase' %}
Describe something significant your company has done that will be relevant to international buyers. For example, you could add details of significant collaboration on a recent international project or a major export deal.
{{ block.super }} {% endblock %}


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Just created a new mix on 8tracks.com. It's a mixture of loungy/jazzy/quirky tunes, with a common thread of emotion woven through. Enjoy!
--- comments: true layout: post title: "8tracks Mix: En verdad, una musa" date: 2010-04-14T23:24:00+10:00 categories: - music - 8tracks ---


| UNIT 1. PHYSICAL WORLD | Click Here |
|---|---|
| UNIT 2. UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS | Click Here |
| UNIT 3. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE | Click Here |
| UNIT 4. MOTION IN A PLANE | Click Here |
| UNIT 5. LAWS OF MOTION | Click Here |
| UNIT 6. WORK,ENERGY AND POWER | Click Here |
| UNIT 7. SYSTEM OF PARTICLES ROTATIONAL MOTION | Click Here |
| UNIT 8. GRAVITATION | Click Here |
| UNIT 9. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS | Click Here |
|---|---|
| UNIT 10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS | Click Here |
| UNIT 11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER | Click Here |
| UNIT 12. THERMODYNAMICS | Click Here |
| UNIT 13. KINETIC THEORY | Click Here |
| UNIT 14. OSCILLATIONS | Click Here |
| UNIT 15. WAVES | Click Here |


Shihanmax's blog 🚀
On Sentence Embedding
This article will briefly introduce some papers on document representation.
1. A SIMPLE BUT TOUGH-TO-BEAT BASELINE FOR SENTENCE EMBEDDINGS
model
This article proposed a method for acquiring sentence embedding called SIF. The method is very simple: for the document collection, first, for each document, the word vector is weighted and averaged with the word frequency as the weight, now we have the representations of each document. Let’s say the number of documents is $D$ and the dimension of the word vector is $E$. Then we get the document set representation matrix $M: D\times E$. Then, perform SVD on the matrix $M$, subtracting its projection in the principal component direction, as the final sentence representation.
mathematical formulation
\[v_{s} \leftarrow \frac{1}{|s|} \sum_{w \in s} \frac{a}{a+p(w)} v_{w}\] \[v_{s} \leftarrow v_{s}-u u^{\top} v_{s}\]todo: theoretical analysis
2. A STRUCTURED SELF-ATTENTIVE SENTENCE EMBEDDING
At present, the research on paragraph/sentence representation is not rich enough comparing with word embeddings. Research on sentence representation is usually divided into two categories:
- Sentence-level semantic models trained through unsupervised methods, such as SkipThought, paragraphVector, Recursive auto-encoders, Sequential Denoising Autoencoders (SDAE) FastSent, etc.
- Obtained through supervised training in specific downstream tasks, involving models such as recurrent networks, recursive networks, and convolutional networks;
This paper proposes a self-attention mechanism for sentences to replace the max/avg pooling operation over tokens at each time step after a traditional RNN layer, and at the same time, it can extract different levels of sentence semantic information.
the proposed model
The sentence representation model proposed in this article is divided into two parts:
-
Bidirectional LSTM layer
-
Self-attention layer
For sentence: $S=(w_1, w_2, …, w_n)$, where $w_i$ represents the $d$-dimensional word embedding of the $i$-th word. $S$ can be expressed as a matrix $S_{n \times d}$ without any relationship along the rows.
Then input $S$ into the bidirectional LSTM:
\[\begin{aligned} \overrightarrow{h_{t}} &=\overrightarrow{L S T M}\left(w_{t}, \overrightarrow{h_{t-1}}\right) \\ \overleftarrow{h_{t}} &=\overleftarrow{L S T M}\left(w_{t}, \overleftarrow{h_{t+1}}\right) \end{aligned}\]After concat the output of each time step toward the forward and backward directions, the representation matrix $H_{n \times 2u}=(h_1, h_2, …, h_n)$ is obtained, where $u$ is the hidden dimension of LSTM. Because it is planned to encode the variable-length sequence into a fixed-size representation vector, it is necessary to aggregate the representation vector of each token of the variable-length sequence, attention mechanism is used to calculate the weight of each token. The weight vector calculation method is as follows:
\[\mathbf{a}=\operatorname{softmax}\left(\mathbf{w}_{\mathbf{s} 2} \tanh \left(W_{s 1} H^{T}\right)\right)\]$W_{s1}:d_a \times 2u$，$w_{s2}: 1 \times d_a$，$d_a$ is a hyper-parameter.
At this time, $\mathbf{a}$ is a vector of $1\times n$, which represents the weight of each token in the weighted average process. Perform weighted average for each token in the representation matrix $H$ to get the sentence representation $m$ of $1 \times d$.
For longer sentences or sentences that contain different descriptions or contexts, sometimes we want to express the sentence from different point of views. In order to achieve this, the author replace the vector $w_ {s2}: 1 \times d_a$ with a matrix $W_{s2}: r\times d_a$, which do the same thing like multi-head attention. Note that at this time softmax should be executed line by line.
Finally we got the attention score matrix $A: r\times n$, and do the dot product with the representation matrix $H$ to get the final representation matrix $M$ of the sentence:
\[M=AH\]penalty term
In order to avoid the loss of diversity of multi-head attention, a penalty item needs to be added to the matrix $A$. The author found in the experiment that using KL divergence to measure the diversity between weights is not stable (a large number of items are close to 0 in $A$ after softmax, This leads to numerical instability in the calculation of KL divergence). In addition, it is obvious that KL divergence cannot be achieved if we want each row vector to focus on a single characteristic as much as possible. The author used the following penalties:
\[P=\left\|\left(A A^{T}-I\right)\right\|_{F}^{2}\]This penalty item will be minimized together with loss of downstream tasks during traing.
summary
The advantage of the method proposed in this paper is that it can force the attention to be calculated from different angles during the training process, and it can overcome the problem of long-distance dependence to a certain extent. The disadvantage is that this method is relatively dependent on downstream tasks, and can only be trained in a supervised manner, and has limited compatibility between different tasks.
3. Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents
The shortcomings of the current method of obtaining sentence embedding:
- bag-of-words model
- lost order info
- less semantic
- bag-of-n-grams
- data sparsity
- high-dimensionality
- less semantic
This paper proposes an unsupervised sentence embedding training method for variable length text: Paragraph Vector.
There are two training methods for Paragraph Vector:
1. A distributed memory model
For corpus C, suppose it contains $N$ paragraphs, and the embedding dimension of each paragraph is $p$; the corpus contains $M$ words, and the embedding dimension of each word is $q$; The number of parameters the model needs to learn is $N \times p + M \times q$, each paragraph is mapped to a paragraph id (that is, we can treat paragraphs in the corpus as special words).
During the training, for a paragraph, we select a sliding window W. The text in the window is called context, which is the basic unit of training. The context in the same paragraph shares the paragraph embedding, and the words in the entire corpus share words embedding. For context C, use its paragraph vector to concatenate the word embedding of each word in C to predict what the next word of this context is.
At prediction time, for the set of paragraphs to be predicted ${P}_{n}$, first, add it to corpus C (that is, add $n$ rows to the paragraph matrix), then continue to execute the training process on new corpus until convergence, with word embedding fixed.
In this training method, the paragraph vector plays a memory role of the topic and other information of the paragraph, so it is called PV-DM (Distributed Memory Paragraph Vectors).
2. Distributed bag of words
Another method of PV training is as follows, which is similar to training the skip-gram model in Word2vec. In the training process, a window W is sampled from the paragraph P, and given the paragraph vector of the paragraph to which the window belongs, predict the random sampling word w from the window. This method named PV-DBOW because it ignores the order of words.
Experimental results show that combining the sentence vectors obtained by these two methods can get more stable and better results.
futher observations
- The effect of PV-DM is better than PV-DBOW
- In PV-DM, concat paragraph vectors and word embedding could achive better result
- The selection of window size requires cross-validation
- The time cost to obtain the paragraph vector is high, but this problem can be alleviated by parallel computing.
Refs.
1. A SIMPLE BUT TOUGH-TO-BEAT BASELINE FOR SENTENCE EMBEDDINGS


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Welcome{% endblock %} {% block pagetitle %}Welcome to Techmiya Commercials{% endblock %} {% block content %}
|
About Us
Techmiya Commercials and Plant equipments suppliers offers an extensive service arrangement of worldwide export, loading facilities, professional and efficient delivery of service in Africa.
We have reputable customers in Zambia whom we have being supplying commercial vehicles (Trucks), Toyota Hilux, Cars, engines and spare parts in Luapula, Copperbelt and Lusaka provinces.
Our sales staff are able to deliver complete sales service and assist with collection of vehicle from ports of entries.
Browse our large selection of quality and competitively commercial vehicles. |


Andy Block
Research engineer at Ford Motor Co and aspiring data scientist
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LynxChan, the best engine you will ever shitpost with.
Welcome to the live demo of LynxChan. This site is meant to let people explore
the engine and experiment it in an actual deploy with all its features
enabled.
Why would I adopt LynxChan?
- A runtime 30x faster than PHP
- Flexibility for both chans with or without user-owned boards
- Disk space and bandwidth savings due to file deduplication
- Over 50 settings that allow you to customize the engine behavior
- A modular front-end that uses pure HTML templates, making visual
customization as easy as it gets
- A database that easily allows sysadmins to add more db servers to
the stack
- Memcache for files, reducing disk usage
- More features than any other available engine
- Specs completely documented
- Json api for every feature or data
- Does not require external javascript
- Does not require users to run javascript
- Improved anti-spam tools provided as first-party add-ons.
Technologies
LynxChan uses Node.js as a runtime environment and Mongodb as a database. It
is meant to focus on high levels of concurrency and performance.
The templates used are nothing but pure HTML, reducing development overhead.
It also uses a modular approach to templates, allowing for ease of migration.
It is possible to change all the templates with a single setting in the server
configuration.
Purpose
I have noticed that many chans struggle with hosting costs. In my opinion,
that is a very real obstacle for hosting a chan. So I have developed an engine
from scratch that is meant to enable more people to host their chans.
I believe that chans are one of the last kind of sites where people still have
freedom of speech in the internet, away from centralized corporative control,
so I see the existence of chans as something important for the future of the
internet as a whole. Serious business.
This site is not meant to build a community, so any kind of content that might
cause issues with my host will be deleted and the user banned,
even if I agree with said content.
Sorry for that, but I just want to avoid any issues while I am just trying to
let people know about this project.
Maybe in the future I will put myself on the line for freedom of speech like
hotwheels
did, but not today.
Goals
1. Support users not using javascript for the basic functions.
2. Provide every functionality through a json based RPC.
3. Support the most amount of users with the least hardware power.
4. Having a modular front-end so people can easily create and use different
templates.
Source code
This project uses the MIT license and respects your 4 software freedoms.
You can get the source code at
GitGud
. The templates being used here are just placeholders and can be found
here
.
You can find a roadmap of future and current development at
Trello
Latest posts
Latest images
Top boards
Global stats
Total posts:
Total unique ips in the past 24 hours:
Total posts in the past hour:
Amount of boards:
Amount of files:
Total size of files:
Contact:
Email
Other email
Irc<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Utility links


This is a prototype of a tool to keep track of WvW scouting, upgrading, and roaming coverage in Guild Wars 2. Contingent on usuage/interest, development will be ongoing.
Right now there is basically one feature: you can add your name (honor system for now) to an objective by clicking that objective icon on the map, putting your name in the box, and clicking "Add". This designates that you are upgrading that objective, or scouting/roaming nearby. When finished, kindly remove your name from the list by clicking the minus sign next to your name.
Update! I've added color tracking based on current owner (udpates roughly every 10 seconds) and an Event Log with tag filtering, below the map. To make it easier to to scroll down to the event log, scroll to zoom has been disabled on the map but one can still use the controls in the top-left and pan around as desired. There are also custom zoom buttons for each BL map. Enjoy!
Created by "DasMoose" for the amazing Gate of Madness server :)
If you want to help/contribute or just peruse the code, you can check the Github page.


20 April 2013 - As of 20 April 2013 (17:00CET), the National Health and Family Planning Commission notified WHO of an additional 5 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. Of the latest laboratory confirmed cases, three are from Zhejiang Province, one is from Shanghai Municipality, and one is from Jiangsu Province.
The patients include:
Additionally, 1 patient earlier reported from Zhejiang Province has died.
To date, there are a total of 96 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China; including 18 deaths. Contacts of the confirmed cases are being closely monitored. Currently, 69 patients are being treated in hospital and 9 patients have been discharged.
National authorities continue to implement prevention and control measures which include: strengthened epidemic monitoring and analysis and enhanced public risk communication and information dissemination.
Investigations into the possible sources of infection and reservoirs of the virus are ongoing. Until the source of infection has been identified, it is expected that there will be further cases of human infection with the virus in China. So far, there is no evidence of ongoing human-to-human transmission.
WHO does not advise special screening at points of entry with regard to this event, nor does it recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied.
At the invitation of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, WHO has convened a team of experts who will visit areas affected by avian influenza A(H7N9) in China in order to provide recommendations on the prevention and control of the disease.
For more information, please see:


public final class MonthDay extends Object implements TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<MonthDay>, Serializable
--12-03
.
MonthDay
is an immutable date-time object that represents the combination
of a month and day-of-month. Any field that can be derived from a month and day,
such as quarter-of-year, can be obtained.
This class does not store or represent a year, time or time-zone.
For example, the value "December 3rd" can be stored in a MonthDay
.
Since a MonthDay
does not possess a year, the leap day of
February 29th is considered valid.
This class implements TemporalAccessor
rather than Temporal
.
This is because it is not possible to define whether February 29th is valid or not
without external information, preventing the implementation of plus/minus.
Related to this, MonthDay
only provides access to query and set the fields
MONTH_OF_YEAR
and DAY_OF_MONTH
.
The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time. For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable. However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.
This is a value-based
class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality
(==
), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of
MonthDay
may have unpredictable results and should be avoided.
The equals
method should be used for comparisons.
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Temporal |
adjustInto(Temporal temporal)
Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this month-day.
|
LocalDate |
atYear(int year)
Combines this month-day with a year to create a
LocalDate . |
int |
compareTo(MonthDay other)
Compares this month-day to another month-day.
|
boolean |
equals(Object obj)
Checks if this month-day is equal to another month-day.
|
String |
format(DateTimeFormatter formatter)
Formats this month-day using the specified formatter.
|
static MonthDay |
from(TemporalAccessor temporal)
Obtains an instance of
MonthDay from a temporal object. |
int |
get(TemporalField field)
Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as an
int . |
int |
getDayOfMonth()
Gets the day-of-month field.
|
long |
getLong(TemporalField field)
Gets the value of the specified field from this month-day as a
long . |
Month |
getMonth()
Gets the month-of-year field using the
Month enum. |
int |
getMonthValue()
Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
|
int |
hashCode()
A hash code for this month-day.
|
boolean |
isAfter(MonthDay other)
Checks if this month-day is after the specified month-day.
|
boolean |
isBefore(MonthDay other)
Checks if this month-day is before the specified month-day.
|
boolean |
isSupported(TemporalField field)
Checks if the specified field is supported.
|
boolean |
isValidYear(int year)
Checks if the year is valid for this month-day.
|
static MonthDay |
now()
Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the default time-zone.
|
static MonthDay |
now(Clock clock)
Obtains the current month-day from the specified clock.
|
static MonthDay |
now(ZoneId zone)
Obtains the current month-day from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
|
static MonthDay |
of(int month,
int dayOfMonth)
Obtains an instance of
MonthDay . |
static MonthDay |
of(Month month,
int dayOfMonth)
Obtains an instance of
MonthDay . |
static MonthDay |
parse(CharSequence text)
Obtains an instance of
MonthDay from a text string such as --12-03 . |
static MonthDay |
parse(CharSequence text,
DateTimeFormatter formatter)
Obtains an instance of
MonthDay from a text string using a specific formatter. |
<R> R |
query(TemporalQuery<R> query)
Queries this month-day using the specified query.
|
ValueRange |
range(TemporalField field)
Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
|
String |
toString()
Outputs this month-day as a
String , such as --12-03 . |
MonthDay |
with(Month month)
Returns a copy of this
MonthDay with the month-of-year altered. |
MonthDay |
withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth)
Returns a copy of this
MonthDay with the day-of-month altered. |
MonthDay |
withMonth(int month)
Returns a copy of this
MonthDay with the month-of-year altered. |
public static MonthDay now()
This will query the system clock
in the default
time-zone to obtain the current month-day.
Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.
public static MonthDay now(ZoneId zone)
This will query the system clock
to obtain the current month-day.
Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.
zone
- the zone ID to use, not nullpublic static MonthDay now(Clock clock)
This will query the specified clock to obtain the current month-day.
Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
The alternate clock may be introduced using dependency injection
.
clock
- the clock to use, not nullpublic static MonthDay of(Month month, int dayOfMonth)
MonthDay
.
The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year. Hence, for February, day 29 is valid.
For example, passing in April and day 31 will throw an exception, as there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
month
- the month-of-year to represent, not nulldayOfMonth
- the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31DateTimeException
- if the value of any field is out of range,
or if the day-of-month is invalid for the monthpublic static MonthDay of(int month, int dayOfMonth)
MonthDay
.
The day-of-month must be valid for the month within a leap year. Hence, for month 2 (February), day 29 is valid.
For example, passing in month 4 (April) and day 31 will throw an exception, as there can never be April 31st in any year. By contrast, passing in February 29th is permitted, as that month-day can sometimes be valid.
month
- the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)dayOfMonth
- the day-of-month to represent, from 1 to 31DateTimeException
- if the value of any field is out of range,
or if the day-of-month is invalid for the monthpublic static MonthDay from(TemporalAccessor temporal)
MonthDay
from a temporal object.
This obtains a month-day based on the specified temporal.
A TemporalAccessor
represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
which this factory converts to an instance of MonthDay
.
The conversion extracts the MONTH_OF_YEAR
and
DAY_OF_MONTH
fields.
The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO
chronology, or can be converted to a LocalDate
.
This method matches the signature of the functional interface TemporalQuery
allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, MonthDay::from
.
temporal
- the temporal object to convert, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to convert to a MonthDay
public static MonthDay parse(CharSequence text)
MonthDay
from a text string such as --12-03
.
The string must represent a valid month-day.
The format is --MM-dd
.
text
- the text to parse such as "--12-03", not nullDateTimeParseException
- if the text cannot be parsedpublic static MonthDay parse(CharSequence text, DateTimeFormatter formatter)
MonthDay
from a text string using a specific formatter.
The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a month-day.
text
- the text to parse, not nullformatter
- the formatter to use, not nullDateTimeParseException
- if the text cannot be parsedpublic boolean isSupported(TemporalField field)
This checks if this month-day can be queried for the specified field.
If false, then calling the range
and
get
methods will throw an exception.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields are:
MONTH_OF_YEAR
YEAR
ChronoField
instances will return false.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
isSupported
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to check, null returns falsepublic ValueRange range(TemporalField field)
The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field. This month-day is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return
appropriate range instances.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument.
Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
range
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to query the range for, not nullDateTimeException
- if the range for the field cannot be obtainedUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supportedpublic int get(TemporalField field)
int
.
This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field. The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return valid
values based on this month-day.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
get
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to get, not nullDateTimeException
- if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
the value is outside the range of valid values for the fieldUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supported or
the range of values exceeds an int
ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic long getLong(TemporalField field)
long
.
This queries this month-day for the value of the specified field. If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
If the field is a ChronoField
then the query is implemented here.
The supported fields
will return valid
values based on this month-day.
All other ChronoField
instances will throw an UnsupportedTemporalTypeException
.
If the field is not a ChronoField
, then the result of this method
is obtained by invoking TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)
passing this
as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
getLong
in interface TemporalAccessor
field
- the field to get, not nullDateTimeException
- if a value for the field cannot be obtainedUnsupportedTemporalTypeException
- if the field is not supportedArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic int getMonthValue()
This method returns the month as an int
from 1 to 12.
Application code is frequently clearer if the enum Month
is used by calling getMonth()
.
getMonth()
public Month getMonth()
Month
enum.
This method returns the enum Month
for the month.
This avoids confusion as to what int
values mean.
If you need access to the primitive int
value then the enum
provides the int value
.
getMonthValue()
public int getDayOfMonth()
This method returns the primitive int
value for the day-of-month.
public boolean isValidYear(int year)
This method checks whether this month and day and the input year form a valid date. This can only return false for February 29th.
year
- the year to validateYear.isValidMonthDay(MonthDay)
public MonthDay withMonth(int month)
MonthDay
with the month-of-year altered.
This returns a month-day with the specified month. If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
month
- the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)MonthDay
based on this month-day with the requested month, not nullDateTimeException
- if the month-of-year value is invalidpublic MonthDay with(Month month)
MonthDay
with the month-of-year altered.
This returns a month-day with the specified month. If the day-of-month is invalid for the specified month, the day will be adjusted to the last valid day-of-month.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
month
- the month-of-year to set in the returned month-day, not nullMonthDay
based on this month-day with the requested month, not nullpublic MonthDay withDayOfMonth(int dayOfMonth)
MonthDay
with the day-of-month altered.
This returns a month-day with the specified day-of-month. If the day-of-month is invalid for the month, an exception is thrown.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
dayOfMonth
- the day-of-month to set in the return month-day, from 1 to 31MonthDay
based on this month-day with the requested day, not nullDateTimeException
- if the day-of-month value is invalid,
or if the day-of-month is invalid for the monthpublic <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query)
This queries this month-day using the specified query strategy object.
The TemporalQuery
object defines the logic to be used to
obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
what the result of this method will be.
The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
TemporalQuery.queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)
method on the
specified query passing this
as the argument.
query
in interface TemporalAccessor
R
- the type of the resultquery
- the query to invoke, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to query (defined by the query)ArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal)
This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input with the month and day-of-month changed to be the same as this.
The adjustment is equivalent to using Temporal.with(TemporalField, long)
twice, passing ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR
and
ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH
as the fields.
If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then
a DateTimeException
is thrown.
In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
Temporal.with(TemporalAdjuster)
:
// these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended temporal = thisMonthDay.adjustInto(temporal); temporal = temporal.with(thisMonthDay);
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
adjustInto
in interface TemporalAdjuster
temporal
- the target object to be adjusted, not nullDateTimeException
- if unable to make the adjustmentArithmeticException
- if numeric overflow occurspublic String format(DateTimeFormatter formatter)
This month-day will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
formatter
- the formatter to use, not nullDateTimeException
- if an error occurs during printingpublic LocalDate atYear(int year)
LocalDate
.
This returns a LocalDate
formed from this month-day and the specified year.
A month-day of February 29th will be adjusted to February 28th in the resulting date if the year is not a leap year.
This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
year
- the year to use, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEARDateTimeException
- if the year is outside the valid range of yearspublic int compareTo(MonthDay other)
The comparison is based first on value of the month, then on the value of the day.
It is "consistent with equals", as defined by Comparable
.
compareTo
in interface Comparable<MonthDay>
other
- the other month-day to compare to, not nullpublic boolean isAfter(MonthDay other)
other
- the other month-day to compare to, not nullpublic boolean isBefore(MonthDay other)
other
- the other month-day to compare to, not nullpublic boolean equals(Object obj)
The comparison is based on the time-line position of the month-day within a year.
equals
in class Object
obj
- the object to check, null returns falseObject.hashCode()
,
HashMap
public int hashCode()
hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
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Responsible for managing the distributed computing server, building new APIs, demonstrations along with actively maintaining the projects. I am also responsible for helping out new contributors to get started with different projects under apnicare.
(September 2017 - Present)


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