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PETITIONER: M.C. MEHTA Vs. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT22/11/1991 BENCH: MISRA, RANGNATH (CJ) BENCH: MISRA, RANGNATH (CJ) RAY, G.N. (J) ANAND, A.S. (J) CITATION: 1992 AIR 382 1991 SCR Supl. (2) 378 1992 SCC (1) 358 JT 1991 (4) 531 1991 SCALE (2)1181 ACT: Environment Pollution Act: Public Interest Litigation--Protection of environment and keeping it free from pollution--Indispensable necessity for life on earth--Directions given to exhibit Cinema slides, films on various aspects of environment and pollution--Awareness of environment to be taught as compulsory subject. HEADNOTE: This application is in public interest seeking relief for issuing appropriate directions of this Court to Cinema, exhibition hails to exhibit slides containing information and messages on environment free of cost. Further directions for spread of information relating to environment in nation- al and regional languages vide broadcast thereof on the All India Radio, exposure thereof on television in regular and short term programmes with a view to educating the people of India about their social obligation in the matter of the upkeep of the environment in proper shape and making them alive to their obligation not to act as polluting agencies or factors. It is further prayed that environment should be made a compulsory subject in schools and colleges in a graded system so that there would be a general growth of awareness. Till 1972 general awareness of mankind to the environ- ment for the well being of mankind had not been appropriate- ly appreciated. In 1975 the Constitution underwent an amend- ment by incorporating an Article 51A with the heading "Fundamental Duties" Clause (g) thereof requires every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and to have compassion for every living creature. In 1974 Water Pollu- tion Central Act came on the statues book. In 1981 Air Pollution (Central Act) and finally in 1986 the Environment Protection Act were enacted. Law is a regulator of human conduct but no law can indeed effectively work unless there is an element of ac- ceptance by the people in society. 379 There has been an explosion of human population, over the last 50 years. Life has become competitive so the age old norms of good living are no longer followed. It has therefore, become necessary that people be made aware of vice of pollution and its level of consequenceS. Keepingg the citizen informed is an obligation of the Government as well as the responsibility of society to adequately educate every component of it so that social level is kept up. Disposing of the matter, the Court, HELD The principle on which the praayer is made is accepted and the following directions are issued 1. That the Cenaral Governmeent, the State Government and Union Tcrritories should invariably enforce as a condi- tion of license of all cinema halls, touring Cinemas and video parlours to exhibit. free of cost at feast two slidcs/messages on environment in each show undertaken by them. The Ministry of Environment should within two months from. now come out with appropriate slide material on var- ious aspect of environment and pollution. This material should be circulated to the collectors who arc the licensing authori ties for compliance without any further directions and failure to comply with the Court order should be treated as a ground for. cancellation of the licence by the appro- priate authorities. [382 A-C] 2. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India should without delay start pronouncing information films of short duration on various aspects of environment and pollution bringing out the benefits for society on the environment protection and hazardous involved in environment pollution. [382 D] 3. The national network, the State Door Darshan Cen- tres, All India Radio, Television should take proper steps to exhibit such films and interesting programmes on the subject. There should be regular compliance of these direc- tions be followed from February 1, 1992. [382 G-H] 4. The principle that through the medium of educational awareness of the environment and its pollution problems should be taught as a compulsory subject at every level of education. University Grants Commission should prescribe a course on environment in a graded manner as a compulsory subject in college education. The compliance of this re- quirement be done in the next academic year. [383 A-C] 380 Since there is a general acceptance throughout the world as also in our country that protection of environment keeping free of pollution is an indispensable necessity of life to survive on earth so everyone must turn his immediate attention to the proper care to sustain environment in a decent way. JUDGMENT:
ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Civil) No. 860 of 1991.
(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India). Petitioner in person G. Ramaswamy, Altar Ahmad, Anil Katiyar, A.M. Khanwilkar and M.P. Sarawala for the Respondents.
The following Order of the Court was delivered:
This application is in public interest and has been filed by a practising advocate of this Court who has consistently been taking interestin matters relating to environment and pollution. The reliefs claimed in this application under Article 32 of the Constitution are for issuing appropriate directions to cinema exhibition halls to exhibit slides containing information and messages on environment free of cost: directions for spread of infor- mation relating to environment in national and regional languages and for broadcast thereof on the All India Radio and exposure thereof on the television in regular and short term programmes with a view to educating the people of India about their social obligation in the matter of the upkeep of up the environment in proper shape and making them alive to their obligation not to act as polluting agencies or fac- tors." There is also a prayer that environment should be made a compulsory subject in schools and colleges in a graded system so that there would be a general growth of awareness. We had issued notice to the Union of India on the petition and the Central Government has immediately responded.
Until 1972, general awareness of mankind to the impor- tance of environment for the well-being of mankind had not been appropriately appreciated though over the years for more than a century there was a growing realisation that mankind had to live in tune with nature if life was to be peaceful, happy and satisfied. In the name of scientific development, man started distancing himself from Nature and even developed an urge to conquer nature. Our ancestors had known that nature was not subduable and, therefore. had made it an obligation for man to surrender to nature and live in tune with it. Our Constitution underwent an amendment in 381 1976 by incorporating an article (51A) with the heading "Fundamental Duties". Clause (g) thereof requires every citizen to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures. Soon after the internation- al conference on environment the Water Pollution Control Act of 1974 came on the statute book; the Air Pollution Control Act came in 1981 and finally came the Environment Protection Act of 1986.
Law is a regulator of human conduct as the professors of jurisprudence say, but no law can indeed effectively work unless there is an element of acceptance by the people in society. No law works out smoothly unless the interaction is voluntary. In order that human conduct ,nay be m accordance with the prescription of law it is necessary that there should be appropriate awareness about what the law requires and there is an element of acceptance that the requirement of law is grounded upon a philosophy which should be fol- lowed. This would be possible only when steps are taken in an adequate measure to make people aware of the indispens- able necessity of their conduct being oriented in accordance with the requirements of law.
There has been an explosion of human population over the last 50 years. Life has become competitive. Sense of ideal- ism in the living process has systematically eroded. As a consequence of this the age old norms-of good living are no longer followed. The anxiety to do good to the needy or for the society in general has died out, today oblivious of the repercussions of one's actions on society, everyone is prepared to do whatever is easy and convenient for his own purpose. In this backdrop if the laws are to be enforced and the malaise of pollution has to be kept under control and the environment has to be protected in an unpolluted state it is necessary that people are aware of the vice of pollution and its evil consequences. We are in a democratic polity where dissemination of information is the foundation of the system. Keeping the citizens informed is an obligation of the Government. It is equally the responsibility of society to adequately educate every component of it so that the social level is kept up. We therefore, accept on principle the prayers made by the petitioner. We are happy to find that the learned Attorney General who appeare for the Union of India has also appreci- ated the stand of the petitioner and has even cooperated to work out the procedure by which some of the prayers could be granted.
We dispose of this writ petition with the following direc- tions 382 (1) Respondents 1, 2, & 3 shall issue appropriate direc- tions to the State Governments and Union Territories to invariably enforce as a condition of license of all cinema hails, touring cinemas and video parlours to exhibit free of cost atleast two slides/messages on environment in each show undertaken by them. The Ministry of Environmental should within two months from now come out with appropriate slide material which would be brief out efficiently carry the message home on various aspects of environment and pollu- tion. This material should be circulated directly to the Collectors who are the licensing authorities for the cinema exhibition halls under the respective slate laws for compli- ance without any further direction and helping the cinema halls and video parlours to comply with the requirements of our order. Failure to comply with our order should be treat- ed as a ground for cancellation of the licence by the appro- priate authorities. The material for the slides should be such that it would at once be impressive, striking and leave as impact on every one who sees the slide.
(2) The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India should without delay start producing information films of short duration as is being done now on various aspects of environment and pollution bringing out the benefits for society on the environment being protected and the hazards involved in the environment being polluted. Mind catching aspects should be made the central theme of such short films. One such film should be shown, as far as practicable. in one show every day by the cinema hails and the Central Government and the State Government are directed to ensure compliance of this condition from February 1, 1992.
(3) Realising the importance of the matter of environ- ment and the necessity of protecting it in an unpolluted for as we had suggested to learned Attorney General to have a dialogue with the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting as to the manner the All India Radio and Doordarshan can assist this process of education. We are happy to indicate that, learned Attorney General has told us that five to seven minutes can be devoted every day and there could be, once a week, a longer programme. We do not want to project an impression that we are authorities on the subject, but we would suggest to the programme controlling authorities of the Doordarshan and the All India Radio to take proper steps to make interesting programmes and broadcast the same on the radio and exhibit the same on the television. The national network as also the State Doordarshan Centres should immedi- ately take steps to implement this direction so that from February 1, 1992, regular compliance can be made.
383(4) We accept on principle that through the medium of education awareness of the environment and its problems related to pollution should be taught as a compulsory sub- ject. Learned Attorney General pointed out to us that the Central Government is associated with education at the higher levels and the University Grants Commission can monitor only the under graduate and post graduate studies. The rest of it, according to him, is a State subject. He has agreed that the University Grants Commission will take appropriate steps immediately to give effect to what we have said, i.e., requiring the Universities to prescribe a course on environment. They would consider the feasibility of making this a compulsory subject at every level in college education. So for as education up to the college level is concerned, we would require every State Government and every Education Board connected with education up to the matricu- lation or stage even intermediate colleges to immediately take steps to enforce compulsory education on environment in a graded way. this should be so done that in the next aca- demic year there would be compliance of this requirement. We have not considered it necessary to hear the State Governments and the other interested groups as by now there is a general acceptance through out the world as also in our country that protection of environment and keeping it free of pollution is an indispensable necessity for life to survive on earth. If that be the situation, every one must 'turn his immediate attention to the proper care to sustain environment in a decent way.
We dispose of the matter with the aforesaid direction but give liberty to Mr. Mehta to apply to the Court from time to time for further directions, if necessary.
S.B. Petition dis-
posed of.
384


3.5.4 - 21.09.2014
- Messages in FSC task to stderr stream can break the build - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/546
3.5.3 - 21.09.2014
- Support for MSpec --xml parameter - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/545
3.5.2 - 20.09.2014
- Make GetPackageVersion work with Paket
3.5.1 - 19.09.2014
- Update FSharp.Compiler.Service to 0.0.62
3.5.0 - 19.09.2014
- Added new SignToolHelper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/535
- Look first in default path for a tool - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/542
- Add support for MSBuild Distributed Loggers - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/536
3.4.3 - 09.09.2014
- Try to support � in authors
3.4.1 - 08.09.2014
- Don't fail on nuget path scanning - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/537
3.4.0 - 28.08.2014
- New Xamarin.iOS and Xamarin.Android helpers - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/527
3.3.1 - 26.08.2014
- Disable FSI output for now
3.3.0 - 25.08.2014
- Using JSON.NET 6.0.4
- FAKE.Deploy switched to FCS - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/519
- FAKE.Deploy WorkDirectory fix - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/520
- HipChat notification helper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/523
3.2.17 - 07.08.2014
- Don't crash during tool discovery
3.2.16 - 04.08.2014
- NuGet: support fallback framework groups - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/514
3.2.15 - 03.08.2014
- New pushd/popd command in FileUtils - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/513
3.2.14 - 01.08.2014
- New AppVeyor properties
3.2.13 - 29.07.2014
- FSC - support of compilation for different versions of F#
3.2.12 - 29.07.2014
- Provide env var access to --fsiargs build script args so works on FAKE
3.2.11 - 22.07.2014
- Adding NGen Install task
3.2.10 - 22.07.2014
- Allow to use gacutil
- Allow to use ngen.exe
3.2.8 - 22.07.2014
- Allow to use all sn.exe features
- Adding DisableVerification for StrongNames
3.2.7 - 22.07.2014
- Adding helpers which allow to strong name assemblies
3.2.6 - 22.07.2014
- Allow to use empty MSBuild targets
3.2.5 - 22.07.2014
- Adding setProcessEnvironVar and clearProcessEnvironVar
3.2.3 - 17.07.2014
- Try to reference local nuspec in order to fix https://github.com/fsprojects/FSharp.TypeProviders.StarterPack/pull/33
3.2.2 - 17.07.2014
- Better log messages to fix https://github.com/fsprojects/FSharp.TypeProviders.StarterPack/pull/33
3.2.1 - 16.07.2014
- Fix fsiargs and -d options - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/498 https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/500
- Change RemoveDuplicateFiles & FixMissingFiles to only save on change - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/499
3.2.0 - 07.07.2014
- BREAKING CHANGE: API for CreateAssemblyInfoWithConfig was set back to original version This resets the breaking change introduced in https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/471
3.1.2 - 07.07.2014
- Automatic tool search for SpecFlowHelper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/496
3.1.1 - 05.07.2014
- GuardedAwaitObservable was made public by accident - this was fixed
- Add support for remote service admin - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/492
3.1.0 - 04.07.2014
- New FSC helper allows to call F# compiler directly from FAKE - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/485
3.0.8 - 02.07.2014
- "CustomDictionary" support for FxCop - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/489
3.0.7 - 01.07.2014
- Check if file exists before delete in AssemblyInfoFile
3.0.6 - 01.07.2014
- Use FSharp.Compiler.Service 0.0.58
3.0.5 - 01.07.2014
- Report all targets if a target error occurs
3.0.4 - 01.07.2014
- Use FSharp.Compiler.Service with better FSharp.Core resolution - https://github.com/fsharp/FSharp.Compiler.Service/issues/156
3.0.3 - 01.07.2014
- Don't break in MSBuildHelper
- Put FSharp.Core.optdata and FSharp.Core.sigdata into nuget package
3.0.2 - 01.07.2014
- Fixed TargetTracing
3.0.1 - 29.06.2014
- Fixed SourceLinking of FAKE
- Added new exception trap for Fsi creation
- -br in command line will run debugger in F# scripts - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/483
- Null check in NuGet helper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/482
3.0.0 - 27.06.2014
- Use FSharp.Compiler.Service 0.0.57 instead of fsi.exe
- Better error message for registry access
- Fall back to 32bit registry keys if 64bit cannot be found
- Improved SqlServer Disconnect error message
- Log "kill all processes" only when needed
- Try to run as x86 due to Dynamics NAV problems
- Allow to use /gac for FxCop
- Make NuGet description fit into single line
2.18.2 - 17.06.2014
- Use Nuget.Core 2.8.2
- Fix NUnitProcessModel.SeparateProcessModel - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/474
2.18.1 - 16.06.2014
- Improved CLI documentation - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/472
- Added Visual Basic support to AssemblyFileInfo task and make Namespace optional in config - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/471
- Added support for OctoTools ignoreExisting flag - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/470
- OctoTools samples fixed - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/468 https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/469
- Added support for FxCop /ignoregeneratedcode parameter - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/467
- CreateAssemblyInfo works with nonexisting directories - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/466
2.18.0 - 11.06.2014
- New (backwards compat) CLI for FAKE that includes FSI cmd args passing - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/455
- New updateApplicationSetting method - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/462
- Support for msbuild /noconlog - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/463
- RoundhouseHelper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/456
2.17.9 - 03.06.2014
- Pass optional arguments to deployment scripts
- Support building source packages without project file
2.17.8 - 30.05.2014
- Display messages when deploy fails
- Fix formatting in FAKE.Deploy docs
- Fix memory usage in FAKE.Deploy
2.17.7 - 28.05.2014
- Increase WebClient's request timeout to 20 minutes - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/442
2.17.6 - 27.05.2014
- Mainly Layout fixes and disabling authenticate in FAKE.Deploy https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/441
2.17.5 - 26.05.2014
- Deploy PDBs via nuget https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/issues/435
2.17.4 - 25.05.2014
- Release Notes parser should not drop asterisk at end of lines
- Corrected location of @files@ in nuspec sample
2.17.3 - 23.05.2014
- Allow to report tests to AppVeyor
2.17.2 - 23.05.2014
- fix appveyor msbuild logger
2.17.1 - 23.05.2014
- Don't add Teamcity logger if not needed
2.17.0 - 23.05.2014
- Fake.Deploy agent requires user authentication
- Remove AutoOpen von AppVeyor
2.16.3 - 23.05.2014
- fix order of arguments in call to CopyFile
2.16.2 - 22.05.2014
- Support MSTest test settings - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/428
2.16.1 - 21.05.2014
- If the NAV error file contains no compile errors return the length
2.16.0 - 21.05.2014
- Promoted the master branch as default branch and removed develop branch
2.15.7 - 21.05.2014
- Remove AutoOpen from TaskRunnerHelper
- Adding Metadata to AsssemblyInfo
- Analyze the Dynamics NAV log file and report the real error count
2.15.6 - 14.05.2014
- Allow to retrieve version no. from assemblies
2.15.5 - 08.05.2014
- Fix issue with symbol packages in NugetHelper
2.15.4 - 24.4.2014
- Fix issues in the ProcessHelper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/412 and https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/411
2.15.2 - 24.4.2014
- Allow to register BuildFailureTargets - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/issues/407
- UnionConverter no longer needed for Json.Net
2.14.13 - 24.04.2014
- Handle problems with ProgramFilesX86 on mono - https://github.com/tpetricek/FsLab/pull/32
2.14.12 - 24.04.2014
- Change the MSBuild 12.0 path settings according to https://github.com/tpetricek/FsLab/pull/32
2.14.1 - 23.04.2014
- Silent mode for MSIHelper - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/issues/400
2.14.0 - 22.04.2014
- Support for OpenCover - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/398
- Support for ReportsGenerator - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/399
2.13.4 - 14.04.2014
- Adding AppVeyor environment variables
- New BulkReplaceAssemblyInfoVersions task - https://github.com/fsharp/FAKE/pull/394
- Fixed default nuspec file
- "Getting started" tutorial uses better folder structure
2.13.3 - 09.04.2014
- Allows explicit file specification on the NuGetParams Type
2.13.2 - 07.04.2014
- Fix TypeScript output dir
- Add better docs for the TypeScript compiler.
2.13.1 - 05.04.2014
- Don't call the TypeScript compiler more than once
- New parameters for TypeScript
2.13.0 - 04.04.2014
- Enumerate the files lazily in the File|Directory active pattern
- Using Nuget 2.8.1
2.13.0-alpha2 - 03.04.2014
- Added TypeScript 1.0 support
2.13.0-alpha1 - 02.04.2014
- Added TypeScript support
2.12.2 - 31.03.2014
- Fixed ProcessTestRunner
2.12.1-alpha3 - 31.03.2014
- Fixed mono build on Travis
2.12.0 - 31.03.2014
- Add getDependencies to NugetHelper
- SourceLink support
- NancyFx instead of ASP.NET MVC for Fake.Deploy
- Allows to execute processes as unit tests.
- Adding SourceLinks
- Move release management back to the local machine (using this document)
- Allow to run MsTest test in isolation
- Fixed Nuget.packSymbols
- Fixed bug in SemVer parser
- New title property in Nuspec parameters
- Added option to disabled FAKE's automatic process killing
- Better AppyVeyor integration
- Added ability to define custom MSBuild loggers
- Fix for getting the branch name with Git >= 1.9
- Added functions to write and delete from registry
- NUnit NoThread, Domain and StopOnError parameters
- Add support for VS2013 MSTest
- Lots of small fixes
2.2
- Created new packages on nuget:
- Fake.Deploy - allows to use FAKE scripts in deployment.
- Fake.Experimental - new stuff where we aren't sure if we want to support it.
- Fake.Gallio - contains the Gallio runner support.
- Fake.SQL - Contains tasks for SQL Server.
- Fake.Core - All the basic features and FAKE.exe.
- Created documentation and tutorials - see http://fsharp.github.io/FAKE/
- New tasks:
- Added ReleaseNotes parser
- Added Dynamics NAV helper
- Added support for MSTest and fixie
- Parallel NUnit task
- New AssemblyInfoFile task
- Support for Octopus Deploy
- Support for MAGE
- Suppport for Xamarin's xpkg
- Many other new tasks
- Fake.Boot
- New Globbing system
- Tons of bug fixes
- Bundles F# 3.0 compiler and FSI.
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- "RestorePackages" allows to restore nuget packages
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- FAKE nuget package comes bundles with a fsi.exe
- Self build downloads latest FAKE master via nuget
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- Fixed bug where FAKE.Deploy didn't run the deploy scripts where used as a windows service
- It's possible to add file loggers for MSBuild
- Fixed path resolution for fsi on *nix
- BREAKING CHANGE: Removed version normalization from NuGet package creation
- Fixes for NUNit compatibility on mono
- Fixes in ProcessHelper for mono compatibility
- Fixes in the mono build
- Improved error reporting in Fake.exe
- Added a SpecFlow helper
- Fixed some issues in file helper routines when working with no existing directory chain
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- Fixed bug where FAKE didn't run the correct build script
<IP_ADDRESS>
- New conditional dependency operator =?>
- BREAKING CHANGE: Some AssemblyInfo task parameters are now option types. See type hints.
<IP_ADDRESS>
- New RegAsm task, allows to create TLBs from a dll.
- New MSI task, allows to install or uninstall msi files.
- StringHelper.NormalizeVersion fixed for WiX.
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- Allow to choose specific nunit-console runner.
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- Using nuget packages for mspec.
- FAKE tries to kill all MSBuild and FSI processes at the end of a build.
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- Removed message system for build output. Back to simpler tracing.
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- ReplaceAssemblyInfoVersions task allows to replace version info in AssemblyVersion-files
- New task ConvertFileToWindowsLineBreaks
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- Allows to build .sln files
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- Allows to publish symbols via nuget.exe
- Autotrim trailing .0 from version in order to fullfill nuget standards.
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- If the publishment of a Nuget package fails, then FAKE will try it again.
- Added Changelog.markdown to FAKE deployment
- Added RequireExactly helper function in order to require a specific nuget dependency.
- NugetHelper.GetPackageVersion - Gets the version no. for a given package in the packages folder.
- EnvironmentHelper.getTargetPlatformDir - Gets the directory for the given target platform.
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- Some smaller bugfixes
- New dependency syntax with ==> and <=>
- Tracing of StackTrace only if TargetHelper.PrintStackTraceOnError was set to true
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- New task DeleteDirs allows to delete multiple directories.
- New parameter for NuGet dependencies.
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- Bundled with docu.exe compiled against .Net 4.0.
- Fixed docu calls to run with full filenames.
- Added targetplatform, target and log switches for ILMerge task.
- Added Git.Information.getLastTag() which gets the last git tag by calling git describe.
- Added Git.Information.getCurrentHash() which gets the last current sha1.
<IP_ADDRESS>
- Fixed Nuget support and allows automatic push.
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- Tracing of all external process starts.
- MSpec support.


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White to play 62
pips White=163 Black=159
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
1. 24/18 8/6 eq: -0.158 46.85% (G:11.93% B:0.55%) 53.15% (G:16.81% B:0.65%) 2. 13/7 8/6 eq: -0.161 (-0.003) 45.91% (G:12.81% B:0.52%) 54.09% (G:15.45% B:0.70%) 3. 24/22 13/7 eq: -0.210 (-0.052) 44.64% (G:11.29% B:0.47%) 55.36% (G:15.83% B:0.78%) 4. 13/5 eq: -0.237 (-0.079) 43.98% (G:11.39% B:0.46%) 56.02% (G:16.66% B:0.97%) 5. 13/11 13/7 eq: -0.257 (-0.099) 43.95% (G:11.33% B:0.51%) 56.05% (G:17.57% B:1.29%)


Uses of Interface
com.jme.input.Joystick
-
Packages that use Joystick Package Description com.jme.input -
-
Uses of Joystick in com.jme.input
Classes in com.jme.input that implement Joystick Modifier and Type Class Description class
AbstractJoystick
A joystick represents a single joystick that is installed in the system.Methods in com.jme.input that return Joystick Modifier and Type Method Description Joystick
DefaultJoystickAxis. getJoystick()
Returns the joystick to which this axis object belongs.Joystick
DefaultJoystickButton. getJoystick()
Returns the joystick to which this axis object belongs.Joystick
JoystickAxis. getJoystick()
Returns the joystick to which this axis object belongs.Joystick
JoystickButton. getJoystick()
Returns the joystick to which this axis object belongs.Joystick[]
InputManager. getJoysticks()
Returns an array of all joysticks installed on the system.Joystick[]
JoyInput. loadJoysticks(InputManager inputManager)
Loads a list of joysticks from the system.Methods in com.jme.input with parameters of type Joystick Modifier and Type Method Description void
InputManager. fireJoystickConnectedEvent(Joystick joystick)
Called when a joystick has been connected.void
InputManager. fireJoystickDisconnectedEvent(Joystick joystick)
Called when a joystick has been disconnected.protected void
FlyByCamera. mapJoystick(Joystick joystick)
void
JoystickConnectionListener. onConnected(Joystick joystick)
Occurs when a new joystick has been detected.void
JoystickConnectionListener. onDisconnected(Joystick joystick)
Occurs when an existing joystick has been disconnected.void
InputManager. setJoysticks(Joystick[] joysticks)
Re-sets the joystick list when a joystick is added or removed.Constructors in com.jme.input with parameters of type Joystick Constructor Description DefaultJoystickAxis(InputManager inputManager, Joystick parent, int axisIndex, java.lang.String name, java.lang.String logicalId, boolean isAnalog, boolean isRelative, float deadZone)
Creates a new joystick axis instance.DefaultJoystickButton(InputManager inputManager, Joystick parent, int buttonIndex, java.lang.String name, java.lang.String logicalId)
-


Vista Change Log
Open Issues
2.1.0 Sep 14, 2021
- Add Sanpete County Address Grid (#28).
2.0.7 Nov 4, 2020
- Patch esri-loader to work around Esri CDN issue.
2.0.6 Nov 26, 2019
- Fix bug causing the wrong proposed vs current precinct layers to be used.
2.0.5 Oct 17, 2019
- Add parcel lines at larger scales.
2.0.4 Sep 12, 2019
- Restrict requests to address points and roads services at smaller scales.
2.0.3 Sep 10, 2019
- Fix bug causing house number and road labels to be hidden.
2.0.2 Sep 10, 2019
- Fix bug related to zooming to precincts that have duplicate IDs in other counties.
- Show precinct labels at all scales.
- Fix regression bug causing map click to not work.
- Reduce the size of residence points and prevent them from being overlapped by labels (#7).
- Switch precinct layer to feature layer and draw underneath points layer (#6).
2.0.1 May 2, 2019
- Ensure that point graphics are blow overlay labels.
- Better handling of currentX/Y parameters.
- Increase marker sizes and standardize opacity.
2.0.0 May 2, 2019
- Switch to https protocal for vista web service.
- Point at the correct precinct field (VistaID)
- Added `firebug` URL parameter
- Bug fixes for IE11 including switching from Esri geometry engine to proj4js.
- Update to Esri 4.x API and switch to React


Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
Seen on 31 December 1997 with Tony for free at the Loews Village VII
As 007 movies go, *Tomorrow Never Dies* provides is a lively entry with the sexually appealing Pierce Brosnan in his second outing as the fourth James Bond to grace the series. For reasons that are not completely clear to me, I have seen a lot of action/adventure movies this year, but this is the one that *intentionally* made me laugh. Unlike American pictures, the Brits prove once again that a keen whit can coexist with explosions. I was laughing within the first five minutes, and the mile-high flames ensued about three minutes afterward.
In general, if you've seen one 007 movie, you have seen them all. What separates them is the strength of the characters and the execution of the formula. Here, media mogul Elliot Carver (Jonathan Pryce) engineers the makings of World War III between China and the UK by rearranging GPS signals, forcing the Chinese to think their waters are being breached, while manipulating the British into thinking they sank their destroyer, when he sank it himself.
Like most 007 movies, the movie makes the most of location shooting, with a parking garage car chase in Hamburg and a helicopter-motorcycle chase in Bangkok, after a spectacular fall from an office tower.
As James Bond, Pierce Brosnan is probably the most sexually appealing of the actors to play the role of the British agent. He is prone to wearing open denim shirts than tuxedos and suits like his predecessors. The "Bond Girls" this time around are the horrible Teri Hatcher as Carver's wife "Paris," and the formidable Michelle Yeoh as Chinese agent Wai Lin. Luckily, Hatcher disappears after the first reel, and seeing Yeoh and Brosnan handcuffed together on a motorcycle while being chased by a helicopter was very entertaining.
The villains are equally good. Pryce is perfectly cast as the billionaire maniac, a 1990s *Dr. No*, assisted by the evil Stamper (Gutz Otto), an able successor to 007 villains like Jaws or Odd Job. Carver's visage appears in a variety of places throughout the movie, projected on TV screens and hanging from the side of a skyscraper, much like Big Brother in *1984*. Also requisite is the 007 gadgetry, and they outdo themselves this time as Q (Desmond Llewelyn--who has played Q since 1964's *Goldfinger*) presents Bond with a car he can operate with a finger on a touchpad on his cellular phone. Judi Dench continues nicely as Bond's boss tough M, as does Samantha Bond as Moneypenny. Joe Don Baker appears briefly as a buffoonish American military man.
More movie reviews by Seth Bookey, with graphics, can be found at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2679/kino.html
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Jenkins Documentation
Jenkins.io includes a Documentation section to provide product documentation beyond what is provided by the plugin pages specific to each plugin. This documentation is more focused on higher level use cases and concepts in Jenkins rather than just how to configure a feature or plugin.
Contributing new documentation is done via the Jenkins.io Github repository and should be written in AsciiDoc.


--- layout: page title: Linux Shell tags: [] status: publish type: page published: true meta: _edit_last: "1" _wp_page_template: default ---
A tiny test command shell built on GNU/Linux.


--- title: "Contact Us" permalink: "/contact/" layout: "contact-form" navigation_id: "contact" navigation_weight: 3 ---
The Center for Open Data Enterprise (CODE) collaborates with public, private, and nonprofit organizations that have a shared interest in utilizing data to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
Contact us to learn more about the initiative or to partner with us.


This page document all atomo components but also provide you a simple way to configure components. To do so, you can either select the configuration for each component or use global variables.
You can refresh the page, the styles will be kept in localStorage
.
To reset styles, please click on the button above.


There are two main ways of configuring Berkeley DB at run-time. The first is db_jump_set, which allows applications to intercept Berkeley DB requests for underlying library or system call functionality. The second is db_value_set which allows applications to re-configure, on an application-wide basis, Berkeley DB behaviors.
The db_jump_set and db_value_set interfaces are only available from the C API.
A not-uncommon problem for applications is the new API in Solaris 2.6 for manipulating large files. As this API was not part of Solaris 2.5, it is difficult to create a single binary that takes advantage of the large file functionality in Solaris 2.6 but which still run on Solaris 2.5. Example code that allows this, using the db_jump_set interface, is included here.


Welcome
Welcome to the official site of Tri-Cities Little League where baseball is our universal language and kids worldwide come together to play ball. Our goal is to promote the game, build friendships, skills and teamwork, and most of all, have a lot of fun.
News
- Early Bird Discount. Register for the 2006 season on or before December 31st, 2005 and take advantage of our “Early Bird” discount.
- Online Registration. We now make it easy for you to register for Spring 2006 with our new online registration. Register your child online, 24/7 directly from home. We still have walk-in and mail-in registration as well.
- Tryouts for the Spring 2006 Season. Tryouts will begin at the end of January for Minors, Majors, Juniors and Seniors. See the Schedules for all dates and times.
- Umpire-in-Chief Needed! No previous umpiring experience needed. The duties for this position are mostly administrative dealing with scheduling of umpires for league games this season. If interested, email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Volunteers. Tri-Cities Little League thrives on parents willing to put their time and effort into making this a great experience for the kids. Without volunteers, Tri-Cities couldn’t survive. You CAN make a difference. No prior experience necessary.
- Boundaries. Do you live within the Tri-Cities boundaries?? Check to see if you can play with Tri-Cities.
Revised on December 24, 2006 15:17:53
by
Admin
(<IP_ADDRESS>)
(1845 characters / 0.0 pages)


Works exactly like can.Observe.List and has all of the same properties,
events, and functions as an observable list. The only difference is that
when an item from the list is destroyed, it will automatically get removed
from the list.
Creating a new Model List
To create a new model list, just use new {model_name}.List(ARRAY) like:
var todo1 = new Todo( { name: "Do the dishes" } ),
todo2 = new Todo( { name: "Wash floors" } )
var todos = new Todo.List( [todo1, todo2] );
Model Lists in can.Model
can.Model.findAll or can.Model.models will
almost always be used to return a can.Model.List object, even though it
is possible to create new lists like below:
var todos = Todo.models([
new Todo( { name: "Do the dishes" } ),
new Todo( { name: "Wash floors" } )
])
todos.constructor // -> can.Model.List
// the most correct way to get a can.Model.List
Todo.findAll({}, function(todos) {
todos.constructor // -> can.Model.List
})
Extending can.Model.List
Creating custom can.Model.Lists allows you to extend lists with helper
functions for a list of a specific type. So, if you wanted to be able to
see how many todos were completed and remaining something could be written
like:
The advantage that can.Model.List has over a traditional can.Observe.List
is that when you destroy a model, if it is in that list, it will automatically
be removed from the list.
// Listen for when something is removed from the todos list.
todos.bind("remove", function( ev, oldVals, indx ) {
console.log(oldVals[indx].attr("name") + " removed")
})
todo1.destroy(); // console shows "Do the dishes removed"
Works exactly like can.Observe.List and has all of the same properties, events, and functions as an observable list. The only difference is that when an item from the list is destroyed, it will automatically get removed from the list.
Creating a new Model List
To create a new model list, just use
new {model_name}.List(ARRAY)
like:Model Lists in
can.Model
can.Model.findAll or can.Model.models will almost always be used to return a
can.Model.List
object, even though it is possible to create new lists like below:Extending
can.Model.List
Creating custom
can.Model.Lists
allows you to extend lists with helper functions for a list of a specific type. So, if you wanted to be able to see how many todos were completed and remaining something could be written like:Removing models from model list
The advantage that
can.Model.List
has over a traditionalcan.Observe.List
is that when you destroy a model, if it is in that list, it will automatically be removed from the list.


Oops, something went wrong. :-(
The page that you're looking for does not seem to be here.
Did you mean to go
here
?


FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
How is Knewbie Different from other virtual learning platforms?
Firstly, it is important to note that Knewbie is meant to supplement educators in teaching and students in learning.
Our current goal is not to be a stand-alone platform. The main feature that differentiates Knewbie is the usage of Computerized Adaptive Testing that will display questions based on the individual's proficiency.
This means good students get easier questions and better students get tougher questions. As the student learns and grows, so will the overall difficulty of questions.
This is to encourage students to learn instead of memorizing answers. It can be tough for educators to cater to the needs and pace of every student and this will generally allow the good students to catch up to the better ones if they put in the effort.
How do I interpret the graphs on my progress report?
There are three graphs. The first is the overall progress of the student over a stipulated time.
The second is merely a percentage of questions the student get correct based on the difficulty of the questions.
The third graph is the individual's proficiency for the respective topics.
Can I reattempt a question that I get wrong?
Questions you get wrong will be more likely to pop up during some of your reattempts. Due to our large number of questions, it may be a while before the questions appear again.
However, do note that on the feedback that you will receive at the end of your attempts, you will be notified of the questions you get wrong, but not the correct answer.
This is to emphasize on learning rather than remembering the answers.
Can I do workings for the questions?
As of now, we only cater to MCQ questions, and we do not offer for students to do workings on site. If you would like this feature, please make a feature request.


A word from the creators
We are a group of students with a passionate love for role-playing games.
We mainly play using the rules for pathfinder.
We have played a lot over the past year and these were some of the most fun times we have had in years.
We always used google drive for the sharing and maintaining of information like:the general outline of a session, keeping track of the xp gained, character backgrounds etc.
However this medium is not the best for us.
During our study an opportunity arose to combine our love for the hobby with the study, so we took it.
We decided to make our own file sharing system that would be tailored to our needs.
We hope that you will be as happy as we are with the service we can provide and decide to sign up and get involved.
We wish to you epic adventures filled with treasure and wonderful experiences,
The development team
Contact us
Community manager:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Future features to be added:
- Dice simulator
- Group chat
- Character sheet editor / creator


Vulnerability Mapping
LEGEND
- View Reports |
- Submit data to the region |
-
8 Provinces Reported
-
Name of a subregion
-
Another subregion
-
Another subregion
-
Name of a subregion
-
Another subregion
-
Another subregion
-
OVERALL RESILIENCE
DATA QUALITY
-
POOR|
POOR
0–25% of total data reported.
FAIR|FAIR
25–50% of total data reported.
MODERATE|MODERATE
50–75% of total data reported.
STRONGSTRONG
75–100% of total data reported.
- 36 out of 397 Communes Reported
-
POPULATION:
862,000Source: 1989 Vietnam Population Census
-
Male:
298Source: 1989 Vietnam Population Census
-
Female:
291Source: 1989 Vietnam Population Census
-
Over 60:
208Source: General Statistical Office published data for 1992
-
Under 5:
105Source: General Statistical Office published data for 1992
-
Households:
127Source: 1993 Vietnam Living Standards Survey
-
Households under
poverty line:101Source: 1993 Vietnam Living Standards Survey
BROWSE OTHER REGIONS
Vietnam
Country
GO TO THE REGION →DATA QUALITY:
POOR
0–25% of total data reported.
FAIR
25–50% of total data reported.
MODERATE
50–75% of total data reported.
STRONG
75–100% of total data reported.

FAIR
25–50% of total data reported.
MODERATE
50–75% of total data reported.
STRONG
75–100% of total data reported.

FAIR
25–50% of total data reported.
MODERATE
50–75% of total data reported.
STRONG
75–100% of total data reported.


FEEDBACK HELPS US GROW
Enter your feedback here
Your name:
Your email:
Birth date
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rate us:
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Your feedback:
serving mankind is serving god


Created 2022-01-23 20:40:07
Wordle is a popular word game. It gives you six chances to guess a five-letter word. For each guess, you are learn how many letters are in the right place, and how many are in the word but in a different place. For example, if the unknown word is
sound
and you guess
doubt
then you learn that the unknown word
o
,d
, but it is not the first letter, andu
, b
, or t
.To model a solution, assume that the unknown word W is selected from a set of possible words 𝒲. If you guess g ∈ 𝒲, then you learn that W is in a subset 𝒲(g,W) ⊂ 𝒲 of consistent words. An informative guess is one where 𝒲(g,W) is small for any unknown W. You could guess g = W, in which case there is just one consistent word. But generally, you will not be so lucky, and there will still be many possible answers after your first guess.
Guessing fuzzy
, which contains a rare letter and uses only four distinct letters, generally (for most W) won’t narrow down the set of possible answers by much. It is a uninformative starting guess. On the other hand, guessing their
reveals more information: it contains five common letters, and the set of consistent words will usually be smaller.
The average size of 𝒲(g,W) over all unknown W is a measure of the information in the guess g. In symbols, define the quality of the guess g as q(g) = EW[|𝒲(g,W)|], where EW denotes the average across all unknown W, and |𝒲(g,W)| is the number of consistent words. The most informative possible word is the one with the lowest q.
Computing q(g) involves three steps. Given the guess g:
If 𝒲 contains n words, each of these steps involves an order of n operations, giving n3 in all. Computing g is very computationally intensive.
Here are the ten most informative first Wordle words based on a collection of 2,837 five-letter words (word list Match 12 from mynl.com).
| Guess g | Mean q(g) |
|---|---|
| arise | 251 |
| raise | 251 |
| arose | 266 |
| aries | 272 |
| aisle | 286 |
| stare | 297 |
| tesla | 301 |
| aster | 302 |
| least | 302 |
| laser | 303 |
These words are substantially better than an average guess, which has a mean nearly three times higher: 746. Mean has a standard deviation of 260. The ten worst words are in the next table.
| Guess g | Mean q(g) |
|---|---|
| huffy | 1711 |
| bobby | 1724 |
| jazzy | 1733 |
| buggy | 1749 |
| jiffy | 1753 |
| fluff | 1777 |
| puppy | 1882 |
| mummy | 1895 |
| yummy | 1895 |
| fuzzy | 1978 |
The less informative starting words contain rare letters and doubles.
Here is the distribution of means across all words.
The histogram shows that words like arise
are significantly better than a random guess. They are in the extreme left tail of the distribution.
Computing the exact most informative Wordle word is very time-consuming. Is there a shortcut? Words made out of letters that occur more frequently in 𝒲 should contain more information, suggesting scoring words by letter frequency. Implementing this approach and comparing the resulting score to the exact mean gives the following plot. The three-color groups correspond to the number of distinct letters: yellow dots correspond to words with five distinct letters, green to four, and purple to three.
The graph shows that score
is a reasonable proxy for the exact q.
Words with four distinct letters score higher because they can double up the most common letters. Overall, eases
has the highest word-frequency score, 7,181, but its mean is 642.
Here are the top ten outcomes sorted by score, using five letter words.
| Guess g | Mean q(g) | Letters | Letter Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| arose | 266 | 5 | 6,127 |
| raise | 251 | 5 | 6,041 |
| arise | 251 | 5 | 6,041 |
| aries | 272 | 5 | 6,041 |
| stare | 297 | 5 | 6,039 |
| rates | 329 | 5 | 6,039 |
| tears | 315 | 5 | 6,039 |
| aster | 302 | 5 | 6,039 |
| earls | 316 | 5 | 6,020 |
| laser | 303 | 5 | 6,020 |
The top-ten score list includes all top-ten mean words except least
, (it substitutes earls
). In practice, using the frequency-based score seems a reasonable substitute for the exact mean. Using scores remains practical for larger 𝒲 than the exact method.
The graph above shows the distribution of the size of the possible set after one guess, across all guesses. After an optimal or near optimal first guess, there is an 80% chance that you rule out about 90% of words. The measure q is based on the mean, but other choices, such as a percentile could also be used.
The most informative first word is an example of using Bayes’s Theorem. The prior distribution is uniform over 𝒲. After the first guess it is uniform over the smaller set 𝒲(g,W). The model we have described could be extended to allow for the case where the unknown words are not selected randomly. An interesting question is to determine a rule for picking W that makes the puzzle the hardest to solve.


Col(lab)
2
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Reimagining computer science classes
through collaborative coding.
Join
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--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Podcast 3.48 - "Ramy" just wants his ring. author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 6382 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=6382 date: '2011-11-15 22:36:21 +0000' date_gmt: '2011-11-16 04:36:21 +0000' categories: - Podcast tags: - Aramis Ramirez - Carlos Zambrano - Theo Epstein - Jed Hoyer - DeMarlo Hale comments: [] ---
Andy, Corey and Kurt look at the progress in the Cubs' managerial search, which includes a new candidate - DeMarlo Hale. Aramis Ramirez's agent goes public with how hurt Aramis was by Bob Brenly's comments about his decline. Apparently "Ramy" just wants his ring.
Zambrano meets with Epstein and will have the opportunity to earn his way back on the team. Then we pick a (first time) winner for this week's photo caption contest.


This is my very first HTML document and I'd like to share it with the whole world.
This is an once-in-a-lifetime moment for me. I'm creating a real website.


Kitty Ipsum Whatever HTML
If you can read this, it means that your browser doesn't support the audio element


Pats
Salmon Cookies
Our Locations with Sales Info
Home Page
Location
Minimum Customers per Hour
Maximum Customers per Hour
Average Cookies Purchased by Customers
Create Store


Classes
The following classes are available globally.
-
AppVersion provides a set of properties and methods to configure app update tracking behaviour. Can be used as singleton through shared property, or through a set of static variables and methods
See moreDeclaration
Swift
open class AppVersion
-
UILabel which is autopopulated with information about installed version of the app. Can be used programmatically or in Storyboards
See moreDeclaration
Swift
@IBDesignable open class AppVersionLabel : UILabel


{% extends 'registration/base_template.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %} Forgot Password {% endblock title %} {% block main_content %}
You forgot your password? Here you can easily retrieve a new password.


TABLE OF INTERACTIONS WITH
CYANOCOBALAMIN
From the French ANSM drug interactions document of September 2016, p. 65
CYANOCOBALAMIN RxNorm: 11248 ATC: B03BA01 B03BA02 |
H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS CLASS CODE: A02BA-001 |
Risk of deficiency of cyanocobalamin after prolonged treatment (several years), the reduction of gastric acidity by these medications can diminish the digestive absorption of the vitamin B12 |
Take into account |
CYANOCOBALAMIN RxNorm: 11248 ATC: B03BA01 B03BA02 |
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS CLASS CODE: A02BC-001 |
Risk of deficiency of cyanocobalamin after prolonged treatment (several years), the reduction of gastric acidity by these medications can diminish the digestive absorption of the vitamin B12. |
Take into account |


securityxploded.com/networkpasswordsecrets.php
http://securityxploded.com/networkpassworddecryptor.php
Recovering Network Passwords using NetworkPasswordDecryptor
NetworkPasswordDecryptor is the free tool to instantly recover all the network passwords stored in the 'Credential Store' of Windows. It support recovery of all type of network passwords on all platforms starting from Windows XP to latest Windows 7.
NetworkPasswordDecryptor Tool
This is a standalone application and it does not require any installation. One can just run it out of box and it will recover all the stored network passwords instantly.
From application perspective, it can recover following passwords
All network authentication passwords.
Basic/Digest authentication passwords stored by Internet Explorer
Google login password stored by GMail Notifier
Remote Desktop stored passwords.
Exchange server login passwords stored by Outlook.
Login passwords of Windows Live Messenger
NetworkPasswordDecryptor also allows you to delete any of the stored passwords from 'Credential Store' with just one click. This is useful if the password has changed or if the user has accidently saved the important password.
Also it provides option to save the decrypted network password list to TEXT or HTML format.


All Classes
CleanedRecord
Controller
ControllerBackgroundProcess
County
CountyDataCleaning
CSVReader
CSVRecord
DataCleaning
DbProgress
DialogBox
FileChooserDialog
LoadDataIntoDatabase
LoadLocalityTable
LoadMortalityTable
LoadSexTable
LoadTumorTable
LoadYearTable
Locality
Main
Mortality
MortalityDataCleaning
OpenDbConnection
PopulationDataCleaning
ReadCountiesFile
Sex
SexDataCleaning
State
StateDataCleaning
TransformMortalityToTableMortality
TransformRecord
TransformSextoTableSex
TransformStateCountyToTableLocality
TransformTumorToTableTumor
TransformYearToTableYear
Tumor
Tumor
TumorDataCleaning
Utility
Years
YearsDataCleaning


Header of the Page goes here
Organization Notifications
This page allows users to send your location for help


Japan’s Nishimura: Want to keep a close watch on impact of weakness in overseas economies
by Dhwani MehtaMore comments are crossing the wires from the Japanese Economy Minister Nishimura, as he speaks on Friday at a news conference.
Japan’s exports and production were showing prolonged weakness because of a slowdown in overseas economies.
Want to keep a close watch on the impact of weakness in overseas economies on the employment, income and investment situation.
Last hour, he said that the global growth as a whole remained in a gradual recovery when asked about a lower growth forecast for 2020 released by the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development on Thursday.
Meanwhile, the USD/JPY pair trades flatlined around 108.70 region, as the anti-risk Yen stands resilient to a risk-friendly market environment. S&P 500 futures are up 0.17% while Treasury yields and Asian equities eke out moderate gains.


--- layout: page title: Play play_active: active html_class: white play en: active ---
Nekoyume pursues dynamic gameplay through easy control.
When you select an action and wait for the block creation time,
the action result will be displayed in the timeline at the time of block creation.
Blocks are generated within 15 seconds.
You encounter a nearby monster and battle it. If the result is over 10, it will be a big success, and if it is between 7 ~ 9, it will be counterattacked by the enemy. If you get 6 or less, something will go wrong.
Take your sleep in your bed and regain your hit point. If you are seriously wounded by an enemy, you can fight again after recovering your hit point through sleep. If you are lucky, you can have a memorable dream.
You can talk to the player who is following you. If you leave something important, that story will be addressed by other people.
You can pass on your items to other players. You can change your bandages to keep your colleagues from hurt, or you can trade items for gold. Trading is the key to growth!
❉ Preview network source code will be released in April 2018!


This text is readable
This text is not readable
This text is not readable, even if it's huge and bold
This test is readable.
This test is not readable, only 16px and not bold
This test is readable, 16px and bold
This test is readable, 16px and font weight 700
This test is not readable, thanks to the fish
This test is readable, thanks to the kids
This test is not readable
This test is readable
This test is not readable
This test is not readable, but on screen it is
This test is readable, does not check the gradient since there's a background color.
This test is not readable.
This test is not readable.
This test is not readable.
This test is readable, non existing background
This test is readable, external image


Recruitment test - Aleksandra Hoffman
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Aleksandra Hoffman© 2016


Stack Up Escape
Windmill legs to get momentum to lift ops legs up with your torso, get your knee into ops back to choc it.
Jack hammer your arm to release it, can take up to 50 small movements to release the elbow and free the arm.
move into side control, armbar or choke should be available straight away.


StatusEx is Status extended with Report List, returned as a result of main public methods.
More...
|
| override string | ToString () |
| | Formatted StatusEx chain, that is built from Msg and InnerStatus Msg properties, with Extra and optional Core/Uart Status, and with BSL detail info like BytesProcessed and BSLVersion. More...
|
| |
| string | FormattedString (Status Stat, bool TopLevel=false) |
| | Formatted status from single object. More...
|
| |
| override string | ToString () |
| | Formatted Status chain, that is built from Msg and InnerStatus Msg properties, with Extra and optional Core/Uart Status. More...
|
| |
|
| int | BytesToProcess = -1 [get, set] |
| | Number of bytes that need to be processed (uploaded/downloaded to/from target MCU). More...
|
| |
| byte[] | BSLVersion = null [get, set] |
| | Null, 4-byte or 10-byte array, meaning differs, please see TI BSL doc (slau319t.pdf). More...
|
| |
| string | BSLVersionString = null [get, set] |
| | String representation of BSLVersion. Meaning differs, please see TI BSL doc (slau319t.pdf). More...
|
| |
| List< Report > | Reports = null [get, set] |
| | Report List. More...
|
| |
| int | Error = 0 [get, set] |
| | Numeric representation of status, any value other then 0 indicates an error. More...
|
| |
| bool | OK = false [get, set] |
| | Boolean representation of status, true means OK, false means ERROR. More...
|
| |
| string | Msg = "unknown" [get, set] |
| | String representation of status. More...
|
| |
| string | Extra = "" [get, set] |
| | Additional info, that can be used for detailed problem analysis. More...
|
| |
| BslCoreMessage | CoreStatus = BslCoreMessage.NotAvailable [get, set] |
| | BslCoreMessage status. More...
|
| |
| BslUartMessage | UartStatus = BslUartMessage.NotAvailable [get, set] |
| | BslUartMessage status. More...
|
| |
| Status | InnerStatus = null [get, set] |
| | Inner Status like inner exception can contain the previous Status, usually with error. More...
|
| |
StatusEx is Status extended with Report List, returned as a result of main public methods.
◆ ToString()
| override string BSL430_NET.StatusEx.ToString |
( |
| ) |
|
Formatted StatusEx chain, that is built from Msg and InnerStatus Msg properties, with Extra and optional Core/Uart Status, and with BSL detail info like BytesProcessed and BSLVersion.
◆ BSLVersion
| byte [] BSL430_NET.StatusEx.BSLVersion = null |
|
getset |
Null, 4-byte or 10-byte array, meaning differs, please see TI BSL doc (slau319t.pdf).
◆ BSLVersionString
| string BSL430_NET.StatusEx.BSLVersionString = null |
|
getset |
String representation of BSLVersion. Meaning differs, please see TI BSL doc (slau319t.pdf).
◆ BytesToProcess
| int BSL430_NET.StatusEx.BytesToProcess = -1 |
|
getset |
Number of bytes that need to be processed (uploaded/downloaded to/from target MCU).
◆ Reports
| List<Report> BSL430_NET.StatusEx.Reports = null |
|
getset |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- D:/PROJECTS/C#/BSL430.NET/src/BSL430.NET/BSL430NET.cs


Contains Rcpp and RcppEigen implementations of matrix operations useful for Gaussian process models, such as the inversion of a symmetric Toeplitz matrix, sampling from multivariate normal distributions, evaluation of the log-density of a multivariate normal vector, and Bayesian inference for latent variable Gaussian process models with elliptical slice sampling (Murray, Adams, and MacKay 2010).
| Version: | 1.2 |
| Imports: | Rcpp, MASS, mvtnorm, rbenchmark, stats |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppEigen |
| Published: | 2016-02-02 |
| Author: | Giri Gopalan, Luke Bornn |
| Maintainer: | Giri Gopalan <gopalan88 at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | FastGP results |
| Reference manual: | FastGP.pdf |
| Package source: | FastGP_1.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: FastGP_1.2.zip, r-release: FastGP_1.2.zip, r-oldrel: FastGP_1.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: FastGP_1.2.tgz, r-oldrel: FastGP_1.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | FastGP archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=FastGP to link to this page.


| Date | Name | Description | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16/05/2002 15:45:41 | added a prompt when deleting an item on the generic list | added a prompt when deleting an item on the generic list  | 0.5  |
| 23/05/2002 14:19:13 | added multiple properties | added: model.newScriptTemplateDefn model.returnScriptTemplateDefnNamed model.newLinkWeightingDefn model.returnLinkWeightingDefnNamed model.newNodeWeightingDefn model.returnNodeWeightingDefnNamed weightingDefinition.scriptTemplateDetails weightingDefinition.scriptTemplateName entityDefn.newWeightingDefn entityDefn.returnWeightingDefnNamed  |
2  |
| 15/05/2002 13:30:15 | added backup to the update process |   | 0.5  |
| 05/06/2002 16:30:09 | added error handling code to dsp entities | dsp entities count as form level objects but I did not wrap these in error handling code - which meant that the app could still crash and burn if an error occured - this should not happen now.  | 0.5  |
| 30/05/2002 15:00:56 | added the internal report to the reports drop down | added the internal report to the reports drop down  | 0.5  |
| 30/05/2002 16:00:35 | removed the dot diagram from the internal report | removed the dot diagram from the internal report - sizing was way off - reinstate functionality in a future release  |
0.5  |
| 15/05/2002 12:05:45 | make not ask on create the default | implemented requirement 174  | 0.5  |
| 16/05/2002 16:45:40 | allow delete key in generic list | allow delete key in generic list to act as delete button  | 0.5  |
| 23/05/2002 09:18:20 | added scriptTemplateDefinitions property to model | added scriptTemplateDefinitions property to model  | 0.5  |
| 16/05/2002 16:15:58 | allow insert key in generic list | insert key acts as the new button on the generic list  | 0.5  |
| 10/05/2002 11:45:11 | added a cross ref icon to generic edit | There is now an icon at the bottom right of the generic edit form. This can be dragged to the requirement x-ref lists to allow a drag drop cross reference.  |
1  |
| 22/05/2002 11:14:10 | added weightingDefinitions property to entityDefn | added weightingDefinitions property to entityDefn  | 0.5  |
| 22/05/2002 14:17:39 | added linkWeightingDefintiions property to model | added linkWeightingDefintiions property to model  | 0.5  |
| 16/05/2002 12:00:44 | added an icon for subgraph | added an icon for subgraph rather than an sg button  | 0.5  |
| 30/05/2002 15:00:30 | added the graphic path output to the internal report | added the graphic path output to the internal report  | 0.5  |
| 20/05/2002 14:30:56 | btnProperties removed from pathEdit | btnProperties removed from pathEdit  | 1  |
| 22/05/2002 13:16:53 | added nodeWeightingDefinitions property to model | added nodeWeightingDefinitions property to model  | 0.5  |
| 20/05/2002 12:06:27 | changed dialog titles | edit dialog for generic edit has the entity name and the M1: etc. details also added M1: etc. details to generic hierarchy and generic list  |
1  |
| 21/05/2002 10:00:23 | added DB Field length limits on GUI | add DB Field length limits on GUI   | 1  |
| 04/06/2002 11:00:00 | added use check boxes on style dialog | Added the use check boxes on the graph node and link style dialog as I wanted a way to individually set the style items. This seemed like the easiest way to do it.  |
0.5  |
| ID | Name | Raised Date | Closed Date | Description | Resolution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 191 | creating a new entity in the generic hierarchy does not update generic list | 20/05/2002 11:33:55 | 05/06/2002 17:25:55 | creating a new entity in the generic hierarchy does not update generic list also does not update when a branch is transmuted into a new entity  |
  |
| 179 | add new weighting to entity causes invalid property error | 15/05/2002 18:05:24 | 16/05/2002 10:30:24 | adding a new weighting to entity causes error "invalid property value" and then an old on e is displayed for editing rather than a new one  |   |
| 206 | relationship matrix should not be listed for hierarchy | 23/05/2002 09:15:01 | 23/05/2002 10:10:01 | relationship matrix should not be listed for hierarchy  |   |
| 135 | drag to hierarchy causes parent rename | 25/04/2002 18:01:44 | 30/05/2002 | dragging an unrepresented requirement into the generic hierarchy causes the parent's parent to be renamed to that of the parent: i.e requirement cross ref cross ref cross ref newly allocated item  |
  |
| 184 | entityDefn key does not update in attributes list | 16/05/2002 10:40:52 | 16/05/2002 11:10:52 | when entity definitions are being edited, the key does not get updated in the attributes list  |   |
| 183 | true/false default could not be defined | 16/05/2002 09:00:58 | 16/05/2002 10:00:58 | true/false default could not be defined  |   |
| 216 | create new graph does not updated tree browser | 05/06/2002 09:30:16 | 05/06/2002 10:00:00 | creation of a new graph from the embedded generic list, does not update the tree with the new graph or update the embedded edit dialog.  |   |
| 198 | property buttons don't show immediately | 21/05/2002 11:12:30 | 21/05/2002 11:30:30 | graph and path properties have buttons but don't show straight away  |   |
| 169 | Create Path does not update model browser | 13/05/2002 11:00:53 | 15/05/2002 10:30:53 | Create path does not update the model browser so it does not appear in the tree  |   |
| 217 | new model attributes display not updated on apply | 05/06/2002 10:30:33 | 05/06/2002 13:00:00 | when a new attribute is added to node or link or script and apply is pressed then the display is not updated and it is possible to add the attributes more than once.  |   |
| 200 | hierarchy branch xref icon does not allow ole drag | 21/05/2002 16:45:31 | 21/05/2002 17:15:31 | fixed problem where hierarchy branch xref icon did not allow ole drag (16:45)  |   |
| 142 | Entity List does not refresh on update or create | 30/04/2002 11:10:31 | 30/05/2002 | When pressing "Apply" on an entity definition list, the list is not updated  |   |
| 205 | relationship matrix does not fill list | 22/05/2002 09:15:32 | 22/05/2002 10:10:32 | relationship matrix does not fill list with Nodes, Links, Paths  |   |
| 172 | insitu edit field in graph edit does not keep up | 13/05/2002 16:30:38 | 15/05/2002 13:10:38 | in graph edit form when create a node and change the name in the edit dialog, the insitu edit field does not change. This happens for both node and link.  |   |
| 181 | weighting not always set to correct display | 15/05/2002 18:00:28 | 16/05/2002 11:25:28 | weighting not always set to correct display i.e. the text box might be displayed rather than a date tab  |   |
| 182 | generic list sometimes displays a floating [ | 15/05/2002 18:00:17 | 16/05/2002 15:30:17 | when no buttons are required, the generc list shows the outline of the edit button.  |   |
| 170 | when dirty clicking on model browser list does not prompt to save | 13/05/2002 11:05:26 | 15/05/2002 11:00:26 | clicking on the tree browser list after editing an entity in the edit pane does not prompt to save details also occurs on tree click  |
  |
| 218 | Node attributes defaults not saved on defn | 05/06/2002 16:00:49 | 05/06/2002 17:35:49 | when a node attribute or link attribute were defined for the model, the set details or default were not saved on creation - this meant that sets were empty and no defaults were available.  |   |
| 192 | add new script template wrong edit | 17/05/2002 15:05:43 | 17/05/2002 16:50:43 | adding a new script template, creates the script template but opens the wrong one for editing  |   |
| 171 | edit model properties in main model edit does not commit | 13/05/2002 11:10:17 | 15/05/2002 11:30:17 | Editing the model properties in the main model model edit dialog does not commit properly. Name is converted to ,,  |
  |
| 180 | almost maximize does not account for toolbar | 15/05/2002 16:10:56 | 16/05/2002 11:15:56 | almost maximize does not account for toolbar this option should really be removed as it is buggy behind the scenes  |   |
| 178 | Auto Gen Dot icon corrupts | 15/05/2002 12:45:02 | 15/05/2002 13:00:02 | The auto generate dot icon corrupts when on the form This is because the picture is too large  |
  |
| 214 | Graphical properties on graph edit did not display selected | 04/06/2002 12:25:30 | 04/06/2002 12:50:30 | when the graphical properties edit was displayed from the graph edit, it did not pick up the details of the selected node or link.  |   |
| ID | Name | Raised Date | Status | Criticality | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 208 | entity create needs saved twice | 30/05/2002 16:24:02 | OPEN | MEDIUM | when creating an entity, and saving it. the save is made but the form brings up the save button once again. the second save commits and does not ask for another save this is a sporadic problem and may be due to an oversensitive keyboard setting on the laptop?  |
| 62 | icons on buttons are not transparent | 17/04/2002 | OPEN | LOW | need to turn the .ico into .bmp and setup the mask property  |
| 133 | The hierarchy browser tree refreshes too much on drag | 25/04/2002 17:54:37 | OPEN | LOW | this can be disconcerting when dragging, perhaps the timer is not long enough?  |
| 49 | popup menus use mouse co-ords | 19/04/2002 14:31:35 | OPEN | LOW | this isn't particularly good when we are using the insert keys   |
| 134 | the hierarchy browser hierarchy should maintain expansion | 25/04/2002 17:55:54 | OPEN | LOW | during restructuring, the hierarchy should leave expanded the items which are expanded  |
| 114 | creating a new item in the generic grid causes flashing | 23/04/2002 17:09:05 | CLOSED | LOW | the window should be locked when updating the grid  |
| ID | Name | Raised Date | Status | Raised By | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 193 | Edit Entity Instance form should tell you the entity type | 20/05/2002 11:38:54 | IMPLEMENTED | Alan Richardson | rather than having the title Edit EntityInstance the title should be Edit Defect 1 i.e it should list the entity name and the id  |
| 176 | Add a backup to the update process | 13/05/2002 16:30:35 | IMPLEMENTED | Alan Richardson | the update database process does not back up the database before doing the upgrade. Add a backup first  |
| 174 | make not ask on create the default | 13/05/2002 16:30:07 | IMPLEMENTED | Alan Richardson | In the graph edit for node and link creation I am getting sick of the system prompting me to edit the details so make "not ask on create" the default.  |


Assistive technology for disabled people and individuals with reduced mobility
"Aesthetics, design and safety is essential in everything we do. We are developing dignified aids, not machines"
See our products"Aesthetics, design and safety is essential in everything we do. We are developing dignified aids, not machines"
See our productsJANUARY 7TH, 2014
Aesthetics, design and safety is essential in everything we do. We are developing dignified aids, not machines
JANUARY 7TH, 2014
Aesthetics, design and safety is essential in everything we do. We are developing dignified aids, not machines Read more
Here’s some of our most well-known products. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod see all our products.
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SDN IDS web ui
OpenFlow devices
Device ID
Available
Last update
Manufacturer
Hardware
Protocol
Configured role
Mirroring port
Refresh
End-point hosts
MAC address
IP addresses
Configured name
Locations
Configured role
Refresh
Sniffed packets per second
Top 10 (Last 10 seconds)
#
Source
Destination
Protocol
Packets
Refresh
Device group management
Device
Create a new group
Group ID
appCookie
Bucket actions
Type
OUTPUT
TABLE
METER
L2MODIFICATION
L3MODIFICATION
L4MODIFICATION
Subtype
N/A
Port
Type
Subtype
Value
Add action
Remove action
Group buckets
Add bucket
Remove bucket
Create group
Current groups
Group ID
appCookie
Buckets
Manage
ID
Actions
Refresh
Flow table management
Device
Create a new flow
appId
Priority
timeout
is permanent
Treatment
Type
OUTPUT
GROUP
TABLE
METER
L2MODIFICATION
L3MODIFICATION
L4MODIFICATION
NOACTION
Subtype
N/A
Port
clear deferred
Type
Subtype
Value
Add instruction
Remove instruction
Selector
Type
ETH_DST
ETH_SRC
ETH_TYPE
IN_PORT
IN_PHY_PORT
ICMPV4_CODE
ICMPV4_TYPE
ICMPV6_CODE
ICMPV6_TYPE
INNER_VLAN_PCP
INNER_VLAN_VID
IP_DSCP
IP_ECN
IP_PROTO
IPV4_DST
IPV4_SRC
IPV6_EXTHDR
IPV6_DST
IPV6_FLABEL
IPV6_ND_SLL
IPV6_ND_TARGET
IPV6_ND_TLL
IPV6_SRC
METADATA
MPLS_LABEL
SCTP_DST
SCTP_SRC
TCP_DST
TCP_SRC
TUNNEL_ID
UDP_DST
UDP_SRC
VLAN_PCP
VLAN_VID
ethType
Type
Value
Add criteria
Remove criteria
Create flow
Current flows
ID
State
Priority
Selector
Treatment
App name
Manage
Refresh


WebAppTools - jQuery plugins for effective WebApplication building
Description
This package contains a set of tools for building webapps.


Preparation time
over 2 hours
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Makes about 40 biscuits
Dietary
This recipe makes a big batch, but the dough freezes really well so it can easily be halved.
For the dough, sift the flour, cocoa and bicarbonate of soda into a medium bowl. Grind in the salt and stir. Set aside.
Put the butter in large mixing bowl and, using an electric mixer, beat until smooth and light. Add the sugars and vanilla extract, and beat for 2 minutes, or until smooth. Add the dry ingredients to the bowl and mix until the dough looks sandy (which is what sablé means in English).
Add the chocolate and candy cane to the bowl, then mix. The dough should look almost like soil; it should not have formed into one large ball. If mixed for too long the biscuits will be tough.
Tip out the dough onto a work surface and gently press together. Divide in half and roll into two logs, about 4cm/1½in thick. Wrap each log in cling film and chill for 3 hours, or until firm. (Alternatively, wrap the second log in brown paper and tie the ends up. Freeze the dough for baking at a later date.)
Preheat the oven to 180C/160C Fan/Gas 4. Line three baking trays with baking paper.
Using a thin, sharp knife, cut the logs into rounds about 1cm/½in thick. Put the biscuits onto the baking trays, leaving 2cm/¾in between each one. Bake for 10–12 minutes, or until set on the outside but soft in the centre.
Leave the biscuits to cool on the trays for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
To decorate, line a baking tray with baking paper. Temper or melt the chocolate. Dip each biscuit halfway into the chocolate, allowing the excess to drip off. Put onto the prepared baking trays and sprinkle with a little crushed candy cane. Leave to set. The biscuits will keep for up to a week stored in an airtight container.


{% extends "layout_task-list.html" %} {% block page_title %} Money Claims Prototype {% endblock %} {% block home_link %} ../task-list {% endblock %} {% block proposition_header %} {% set my_account="1" %} {% include "includes/propositional_navigation.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} Back The defendant's response Mary Richards states they paid you £1,500. Download their full response (PDF, 123KB) Their defence When they paid this amount {{ now | date('add' , 3 , 'days') | date( 'subtract', 1, 'months') | date }} How they say they paid I paid by cheque and posted it to Jan Clark. {% include 'prototypes/prototype-may-2019/includes/contact.html' %} {% endblock %}
Mary Richards states they paid you £1,500.
Download their full response (PDF, 123KB)
When they paid this amount
{{ now | date('add' , 3 , 'days') | date( 'subtract', 1, 'months') | date }}
How they say they paid
I paid by cheque and posted it to Jan Clark.


Yesterday Crystal became one year old. Yay! :-)
A lot of things happened since the moment we started this rather ambitious project, and there is still a lot more to do.
Although its syntax is very similar to Ruby, there are many differences, and every day the distance is growing bigger.
Here’s a summary of what we have in the language right now.
Efficient code generation
Crystal is not interpreted. It doesn’t have a virtual machine. The code is compiled to native machine code by using LLVM.
You don’t specify the types of variables, instance variables or method arguments, like is usually done in statically compiled languages. Instead, Crystal tries to be as smart as possible and infers the types for you.
Primitive types
Primitive types map to native machine types.
ASCII Strings
They come in many flavors, like in Ruby, and they also support interpolation.
We still need to decide what’s the best way to deal with different encodings, so this is just a temporary implementation.
Did you know that String is implemented in Crystal itself? There’s just very small magic to make it have the size and pointer to the chars buffers, but everything else is built on top of that.
Symbols
At runtime, each symbol is represented by a unique integer. A table of integer to string is built for implementing Symbol#to_s (but there’s no way right now to do String#intern).
Union types
You don’t need to specify the type of a variable. If it is assigned multiple types, it will have those types at compile-time. At run-time it will have only one.
You can use “is_a?” to check for a type:
You can even use “responds_to?”:
Methods
In Crystal methods can be overloaded. The overloads come from the number of arguments, type restrictions and yieldness of a method.
Contrast this with having to check at runtime the number of arguments of the method, whether a block was given, or which are the types of arguments: we believe this is much more readable and efficient.
Also, there’s no “wrong number of arguments” exception thrown at runtime: in Crystal it’s a compile time error.
The last bit, overloading based on whether a method yields or not, will probably change and needs to be re-thought.
Classes
No need to specify the types of instance variables, but all types assigned to an instance variable will make that variable have a union type.
If you really need different Foo classes with different types for @value, you can use a generic class:
Array and Hash are generic classes too, but they can also be constructed using literals. When elements are specified, the generic type variables are inferred. If no element is specified, you have to tell Crystal the generic type variables.
And yes, Array and Hash are completely implemented in Crystal. This makes it very easy for anyone to collaborate on those classes.
We really wanted to avoid having to specify type variables. In fact, we wanted to avoid having to differentiate between generic and non-generic classes. We spent a long time (maybe three months?) trying to make it work efficiently but we couln’t. Maybe it doesn’t have an efficient solution. At least we didn’t find anyone who was able to do it. Generic types are a small sacrifice, but in return we get much faster compile times.
Modules
Of course, modules are also present in Crystal, and they can also be generic.
Blocks
For now, blocks can’t be saved to a variable or passed to another method. That means, we still lack closures. It’s not an easy thing to do if we want a smart type inference, so we need some time to think it over.
Bindings to C
You can declare bindings to C in Crystal, no need to use C, make wrappers or use another language. For example, this is part of the SDL binding:
Pointers
You can allocate memory and interface with C by having Pointers as a type in the language.
Regular expressions
Regular expressions are implemented, for now, with C bindings to the PCRE library. Again, Regexp is entirely written in Crystal.
Ranges
Once again, implemented in Crystal.
Exceptions
You can raise and rescue exceptions. They are implemented using libunwind. We are still lacking line numbers and filenames in the stacktraces.
Exporting C functions
You can declare functions to be exported to C, so you can compile Crystal code and use it in C (although there’s still no compiler flag to generate an object file, but it should be easy to implement).
Macros
This is an experimental feature of the language where you can generate source code from AST nodes.
The macros getter, setter and property are implemented in a similar way, but we’ve been thinking of a more powerful and simpler way to achieve the same thing so this feature might disappear.
Yield with scope
Similar to yield, but changes the implicit scope of the block.
This allows writing powerful DSLs with zero overhead: no allocations or closures are involved.
Something similar can be achieved in Ruby with instance_eval(&block), but for now we find it easier to implement it this way, and maybe easier to use.
Specs
We’be built a very small clone of RSpec and we are using it to test the standard library as well as the new compiler. Here’s a sample spec for the Array class:
So Crystal makes it extremely easy to write tests, and at the same time gives you type safety. The best of both worlds.
Roadmap
There are a lot more things to implement and we have many ideas to try out.
- We still need a Garbage Collector, and we want an efficient, concurrent one.
- We want to have concurrency primitives, similar to Erlang or Go.
- We want to have better metaprogramming.
- We might have structs, not only for C bindings, to allow writing efficient wrappers and allocating less memory.
- We want tuples, named tuples and named arguments.
But the thing we want most right now is to have the compiler written in Crystal. Once we do this, we won’t need Ruby anymore. We won’t need to maintain two implementations of the compiler. Compilation times will be reduced drmatically (we hope!).
And also, it’s very likely that the language will grow a lot because of this, and we will have learned a lot of what it feels like to program in Crystal and what needs to be improved (debugging and profiling come to our minds). Dog-fooding, they call it :-)


A JavaScript Sound API supporting MP3, MPEG4 and HTML5 Audio.
What SoundManager 2 does
Audio features, accessible from JavaScript.
About SoundManager 2, Features and Live Demos
SoundManager 2 makes it easier to play audio using JavaScript.
Using HTML5 and Flash, SoundManager 2 provides reliable cross-platform audio under a single API. How It Works »
Audio, just about anywhere.
Despite being one of the senses, sound has largely been missing from the web due to inconsistent technology support. SoundManager 2 bridges this gap, making it easier to use audio across a growing variety of devices and platforms.
Complexity, reduced.
Supporting HTML5 audio in modern browsers can be tedious, let alone "legacy" HTML4-based ones. With technology ranging from mobile Safari down to IE 6, there's a lot of ground to cover.
SoundManager 2 gives you a simple but powerful API that supports both new and old, using HTML5 audio where supported and an invisible Flash fallback where needed. Ideally when using SoundManager 2, audio "just works."
See and hear, right here.
"Graffiti Sex" compliments of The Fugitives, from the album "In Streetlight Communion"
360° + spectrum UI »Not only do you get the ginsu knife...
Even more demos and examples using SoundManager 2's API features.
Big features, small footprint.
SoundManager 2 packs a full-featured API (100 KB of code) into as little as 10 KB over the wire. The source is provided in fully-commented, -no-debug and compiler-optimized "minified" versions appropriate for development and production use.
Technical details
HTML5 Audio Support (Beta-ish)
- 100% Flash-free MP3 + MP4/AAC where supported. Works on iPad, iPhone iOS 4
- Seamless flash fallback for MP3/MP4 content, if needed
- HTML5/Flash API switching is transparent, handled internally
- WAV + OGG playback possible via HTML5, if supported
- See useHTML5Audio for implementation details
Basic API Features (HTML5, Flash 8*)
- Load, stop, play, pause, mute, seek, pan*, volume control from JavaScript
- Events: onload(), whileloading(), whileplaying(), onfinish() and more
- ID3V1 and ID3V2 tag support for MP3s (title, artist, genre etc.)*
Shiny Flash 9-only Features
- RTMP / Flash Media Server streaming support (experimental) - see serverURL
- MPEG-4 (AAC, HE-AAC, H.264) audio support
- "MultiShot" play (layered/chorusing effects)
- Waveform/frequency spectrum data
- Peak (L/R channel volume) data
- Audio buffering state/event handling
General Tech Stuff
- Full API Documentation with examples and notes
- console.log()-style debug output and troubleshooting tools
- Community-based discussion/support
As Heard On TV The Internets
A few nifty places SoundManager 2 has been seen in use on the Wild World Web:
Download!
Playing MP3s with JavaScript
Play audio in one line, or get fancy with multiple options.
How To Play Audio Using SoundManager 2
Simple ID / URL method:
soundManager.play('mySound','/path/to/an.mp3');
And, setting the volume:
soundManager.setVolume('mySound',50);
More flexible method supporting option parameters as an object literal:
var mySound = soundManager.createSound({
id: 'someSound',
url: '/path/to/some.mp3',
volume: 50,
onload: soundLoadedFunction
});
mySound.play();
Using SM2 on your site
How to include SoundManager 2 from HTML, and some basic event handlers.
Include the SoundManager 2 core script, tell it where to look for the flash .SWF and provide an onload() handler.
<script src="/path/to/soundmanager2.js"></script>
<script>
soundManager.url = '/path/to/swfs/';
soundManager.onload = function() {
// SM2 is ready to go!
// soundManager.createSound(...) calls can now be made, etc.}
</script>
Licensing
BSD licensed.
SoundManager 2 is provided under a BSD license.