The beginning of my experimentation with melatonin began one night after visiting a friend who was already taking it. After hearing about his wild escapades he enthusiastically dumped about six 5mg pills in my hand, laughed, then dumped out another two. I gulped them down went home and went to bed.
Sure enough later that night the melatonin struck. I was standing on the rooftop of some building staring out over this animated looking cityscape under this ominous sky. The color of the sky was fading from black to orangish, reddish, turquoise looking sunset type setting. The vividness of this scene foreshadowed what came next.
All of a sudden this multidimensional object came barreling over the horizon, it was ablaze in all its technicolor mutational strangeness, lights shooting out of it, with all the detail of a rapidly changing ivory carving. The type of thing I basically see on DMT. Needless to say I went bonkers, I started jumping up and down screaming in excitement to the guy next to me, 'holy shit this is the melatonin dream, this is the melatonin dream' like he's going to remind me of it after I'm awake failing to make the connection that he's also in the dream. I woke up after this and couldn't believe it, I also couldn't believe that I could walk into any store and just buy a bottle, which is exactly what I did.
Melatonin dreams would happen somewhat inconsistently, maybe a few times a week, as far as I know anyway. Amazingly I caught on to the fact when its happening and even began to experiment around in my dreams and test the waters. I've never had reoccurring dreams before in my life until taking melatonin. One theme that continued to pop up was height and water, in one strange form or another I would always end up falling/flying off of one and end up in the other.
And the other part was nightmares, not just any nightmares but really freaky other dimensional stuff, but I found that if I stuck with it I started to confront my fears in these realms and actually get quite cocky at times with the way that I handled these situations.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Introduction to Statistical Literacy ## Analyse et traitement de l’information Comprendre le numérique ### Stéphane Guerrier ### 22 October 2020 --- # What is statistics? .pull-left[ .smaller[.hi-pink[Statistics] is a science that uses mathematics and computer science to deal with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. Informally, it is the .pink[science of learning from data]. 🧐]  .tiny[Source: [luminousmen](luminousmen.com)] ] .pull-right[ .smaller[.hi-purple[Statistics] is a crucial part of our life. However, .purple[statistical methods are often consciously (or not) misused] (but how? 🤔). This can lead to contradictory studies and conclusions (as seen during the current COVID-19 pandemic).]  .tiny[Source: [Atoz Markets](https://atozmarkets.com/news/untold-reality-of-p-hacking-in-finance/)] ] --- # What is statistical literacy? .smallest[.hi-pink[Statistical Literacy] can be defined as follows:] - .smallest[The ability to .pink[understand data], or arguments that use data.] - .smallest[Being able to apply .pink[critical thinking] about numbers and about .pink[statistics used as evidence in arguments].] - .smallest[Understanding how statistical associations are used to assess causal connections.] .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[ .tiny[Source: [xkcd](xkcd.com/552)] 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more about these comic strips take a look [here](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/552:_Correlation).] ] .smallest[.hi-purple[Statistical literacy is now becoming an essential skill]. It is, for example, needed by .purple[anyone who tries to learn new information from data]. .turquoise[Scientists also need to develop statistical literacy so that they can produce both rigorous and reproducible research.]] --- # (Mis)Understanding statistical results  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](xkcd.com/795)] 👋 .smaller[If you want to know more about these comic strips take a look [here](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/795:_Conditional_Risk).] --- # How can statistics be useful? As mentioned previously, statistics is the .pink[science of learning from data]. It can be used (among others) to: 1. .purple[Visualize data] (e.g. propagation of COVID-19 in different countries). 2. .purple[Understand and interpret data] (e.g. main causes of cancer). 3. .purple[Make predictions] (e.g. predicting unemployment or risk indices). 4. .hi-pink[Assess the validity of a hypothesis]. In this class, we will focus on the last point: ''.pink[*how to assess the validity of a hypothesis using statistics?*]''. More precisely, we will discuss how statistical methods can be used to evaluate claims (hypotheses) such as: 1. Coffee consumption increases blood pressure (really 🙄 ☕?). 2. Republican politicians are bad/good for the American Economy. 3. A glass of red wine is as good as an hour at the gym (🍷 🏃 😆). --- # How does it work? - Statistical methods are based on several fundamental concepts, the most central of which is to consider the information available (in the form of data) resulting from a .hi-pink[random process]. 🙉 - As such, the data represent a .hi-turquoise[random sample] of a totally or conceptually accessible .hi-turquoise[population].  .tiny[Source: [luminousmen](luminousmen.com)] --- # How does it work? - Statistics allows to determine the .hi-pink[decision-making risks] (in the form of probabilities) associated with learning (decisions) based on the analysis of data extracted from samples. .slate[This allows to evaluate the validity of a claim] (such as the ones we discussed previously). - .purple[Understanding and knowing how to interpret statistical analyses is therefore becoming an increasingly vital skill]. - In some sense, .hi-pink[statistics plays a crucial role in our life] as new discoveries (obtained using statistical methods) directly impact us.smallest[👋]. - However, understanding statistical results is not intuitive. There exist many pitfalls such as .purple[p-hacking] or .purple[HARKing] (e.g. why are there so many contradictory studies? Is Hydroxychloroquine working or not?). .footnote[.smallest[👋] This is essentially true in the area of .hi-purple[Big Data] where the discovery of patterns and/or signals hidden in massive amounts of data is increasingly becoming one of the major challenges faced by modern scientific research.] --- # So many studies? .turquoise["*A glass of red wine is as good as an hour at the gym*"?] 🙄

 .tiny[Source: Scientific Studies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)] --- # Contraditory studies? .turquoise[What about coffee? Is it good?]

 .tiny[Source: Scientific Studies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)] --- # So everything causes cancer?  .footnote[.smallest[👋] Read the original article: "*This is why you shouldn’t believe that exciting new medical study*" [here](https://www.vox.com/2015/3/23/8264355/research-study-hype).] --- # What are the consequences? .turquoise[Which study should I pick?]

 .tiny[Source: Scientific Studies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)] --- # The Hydroxychloroquine Controversy 🦠 Since the beginning of 2020, various research teams have suggested that (hydroxy)chloroquine combined with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) is an .hi-pink[effective treatment] for the coronavirus disease 2019. Since then there have been .hi-purple[many many many contradictory publications] (and some [retractions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet#Retracted_papers_and_scientific_controversies)!) and the efficacy of these drugs remains unclear. As summarized in the [Wikipedia entry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine#COVID-19) dedicated to hydroxychloroquine (and citing various scientific sources): .turquoise["*There is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine for preventing or treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19)*"]. .hi-pink[So what does this mean?] 🤔 Does it mean that hydroxychloroquine is not effective in preventing or treating COVID‑19? That it is effective? Actually, neither... 🤔 --- # Population and Sample - Example To fix ideas we will consider a simple example. On September 27 2020, the Swiss population voted on the .pink[*Loi fédérale sur la chasse et la protection des mammifères et oiseaux sauvages (Loi sur la chasse, LChP)*]. The proposal was not accepted as it only received 48% of supporting votes.smallest[👋]. Suppose that we were interested in collecting data .hi-purple[before the vote] to assess if this proposal was likely to be accepted. In this example, we will make the following assumptions for simplicity: - The Swiss population of voters is composed of 1200 individuals (576 for the project, 624 against). - We can perfectly sample the population (everyone is available, no double sampling, and the sampling is random). - People don't change their mind and they don't lie. .footnote[.smallest[👋] More details on the results can be found [here](https://www.bk.admin.ch/ch/f/pore/va/20200927/index.html).] --- # Population and Sample - Example  --- # Population and Sample - Example  --- # Population and Sample - Example  --- # Population and Sample - Example .center[![](GIF/sample.gif)] --- # Population and Sample - Example  --- # How to measure uncertainty? - .smaller[.pink[Uncertainty can be measured in many different ways]]. - .smaller[A common approach (in statistics) is to use .hi-purple[confidence intervals]]. - .smaller[These intervals correspond to .pink[a range of values that are likely to include the population value with a certain level of confidence]. The level of confidence is a probability expressed as a percentage (%).] - .smaller[In our example, we are interested in the true (population) proportion of voters in favor of the proposal (48%). Using our second sample (8 against and 12 for) we could construct the following 90% confidence interval]: .pull-left[  ] .smaller[.pull-right[ So what does it mean? 🤔 It means that with a .hi-purple[probability of 90%] the true proportion of voters for the project (48% in this case) is between say 40% and 80%.] ] --- # How to measure uncertainty?  --- # If we had more data? 😳  --- # If we had more data? 🤔  --- # How to measure uncertainty? .center[![Gapminder](GIF/sample90.gif)] --- # How to measure uncertainty?  --- # Why 90%? Why not 95%? .center[![Gapminder](GIF/sample95.gif)] --- # Why 90%? Why not 95%?  --- # Is it too much? Maybe 60%? .center[![](GIF/sample60.gif)] --- # What if I want to be really sure? 99%? .center[![](GIF/sample99.gif)] --- # A bit more? How about 99.99%? .center[![](GIF/sample9999.gif)] --- # What if I want to be certain? 100%? 😳 .center[![](GIF/sample100.gif)] --- # ⚠ Take home message - Since the data is available through sampling, it is .hi-purple[random]. .pink[Therefore, a decision or prediction can never be made with certainty!] - The only certainty one can have is that, for example, a proportion will always be included in the interval from 0% to 100%. .hi-purple[However, this is neither informative nor useful] 🧐 and it does not even depend on the data. - There exists a trade-off between .hi-pink[risk] as measured by 1 - `\(\alpha\)` (typically 95%) the confidence level, and the .hi-pink[precision of the conclusion] as measured, for example, by the confidence interval length. - Moreover, the larger the sample size, the more precise the conclusion, for the same confidence level. - Therefore, .purple[every decision based on statistical methods has a risk and how much risk is acceptable depends on the context] (e.g. safety in airplanes vs which soft drink tastes better). --- # ⚠ At the end it's a question of risk  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/2333/)] --- # How to test a (scientific) hypothesis? - .smaller[An alternative summary measure of uncertainty is provided by .hi-pink[p-values] that take values between 0% and 100%.] - .smaller[However, .hi-purple[p-values have been misused] many times because understanding what they mean is not intuitive.]

 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more have a look [here](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/statisticians-found-one-thing-they-can-agree-on-its-time-to-stop-misusing-p-values/).] --- # How to test a (scientific) hypothesis? - .smaller[A p-value is associated to a (couple of) .purple[hypotheses] about the phenomenon under investigation. For example, for the voting proposal, one hypothesis is that the majority is against the proposal, and the other one is that there is no majority (the YES and NO are both at 50%)] - .smaller[Each hypothesis .purple[excludes the other], so that one can .purple[exclude one in favor of the other] using the data.] - .smaller[The .purple[null hypothesis] is the one that one will never be able to prove because the data is random (i.e. the most precise hypothesis that the votes are 50%-50%.)] - .smaller[The .purple[alternative hypothesis] is the one that offers more choice of values and hence has a chance to be favored with respect to the null hypothesis (e.g. proportion of NO is smaller than 50%).] - .smaller[Informally, .hi-pink[a p-value can be understood as a measure of plausibility of the null hypothesis given the data]. The smaller the p-value the greater the incompatibility of the null hypothesis with the data.] --- # Testing - .smaller[When the p-value is small enough (typically smaller than 5%), one says that the test based on the null and alternative hypotheses is .hi-pink[significant] or that the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative. .purple[This is generally what we want because it "verifies" our (research) hypothesis].] - .smaller[When the p-value is not small enough (typically larger than 5%), with the available data, we cannot reject the null hypothesis and then .hi-pink[nothing] can be concluded. 🤔] - .smaller[With a sample of data, the obtained p-value (associated to a couple of hypotheses) summarizes somehow the .hi-pink[incompatibility between the data and the model] (random process) constructed under the set of assumptions.] - .smaller[The (sample) p-value is usually compared to a .pink[threshold value] that sets the (subjective) risk level of decision in favor of the incompatibility.] - .smaller[The risk level is called the .pink[significance level] and is a small value, usually 5%, but again this depends on the context.] --- # Testing  --- # Testing  --- # Testing  --- # Testing .center[![](GIF/sample_pval.gif)] --- # Testing  --- # What to remember about p-values - .smaller[A p-value is something .hi-pink[random] (i.e. a random variable), since its value depends on the data. Likewise, .pi-pink[confidence intervals are random], since their bounds depend on the data.] - .smaller[Hence it might happen that, while the null hypothesis cannot be rejected (supposing it is true), the p-value is smaller than the set threshold. With the latter chosen as 5% then, on average, the (sample) p-value is below 5% .purple[one out of twenty times!]] - .smaller[Hence .hi-pink[performing multiple tests, with the same or different data, is dangerous ⚠] (but very common! 😟) as it automatically leads to .pink[significant results, when actually there are none!]] - .smaller[Confidence intervals and p-values can be used for many types of models, such as regression, correlation, and so on. Therefore, .purple[they can be used to assess the validity of most (scientific) hypotheses] (as discussed in your statistics classes! 🤓).] --- # Why are there contradictory studies? .purple[Are jelly beans causing acne? Maybe... but why only green ones?] 🤨  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] --- # Are jelly beans causing acne?
  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] --- # Maybe a specific color?
  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] --- # Maybe a specific color?
  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] --- # And finally...  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more about these comic strips take a look [here](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/882:_Significant).] --- # This is an example of "P-Hacking" .smallest[.hi-pink[P-Hacking] refers to the misuse of data analysis to find patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant. .turquoise[This is done by performing many statistical tests on the data and only reporting those that come back with significant results].smallest[👋]. .hi-purple[Example]: a correlation between the number of letters in [Scripps National Spelling Bee's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripps_National_Spelling_Bee) winning word and the number of people in the United States killed by venomous spiders.]  .smallest[Source: [Wikipedia on Data dredging ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dredging)]. 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more, take a look [here](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1124898/).] --- # More on P-Hacking

 .tiny[Source: Scientific Studies: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)] 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more, take a look [here](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/you-cant-trust-what-you-read-about-nutrition/).] --- # How to P-Hack? 🤔 .smaller[Are republicans good or bad for the American Economy? .hi-purple[Both!!] (see [link](https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/p-hacking/))]  --- # This brings us to "HARKing" .pull-left[.smallest[.hi-pink[HARKing] is an acronym coined by Norbert Kerr for the .purple[questionable research practice of "Hypothesizing After the Results are Known"]. It can be defined as presenting .hi-turquoise[a post hoc] hypothesis in the introduction of a research report as if it were an .hi-turquoise[a priori] hypothesis. .hi-pink[How to do it?] 🤔 - Test if one jelly bean color is linked to acne. - Pretend this was our original hypothesis. - Et voilà! 👋 If you want to know more, have a look [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HARKing) and the references therein.]] .pull-right[
  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)] ] --- # The costs of HACKing (and P-Hacking) HARKing is (arguably) playing an important role in the .hi-purple[replication crisis in science]!
  .tiny[Source: [Open Science Collaboration. "Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science." Science 349.6251 (2015)](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/349/6251/aac4716.full.pdf?casa_token=2i_9tsA7a-QAAAAA:B-N4J8bk1hBRboZAmPKuythdhFcdhKKNOtBATZX1PD69qhV-cl1zZG3zcd25LkhnKMpRrmO9TJAxo3f8).] 👋 .smallest[If you want to know more, take a look [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis) and the references therein.] --- # ⚠ Take home message - Any data analysis made on a sample of data is subject to .purple[randomness]. - Understanding the random processes underlying any data analysis (including underlying statistics such as confidence intervals and p-values) requires basic knowledge in probability and statistics, or .pink[statistical literacy]. - With data, there is never 100% certainty, but rather a .pink[conclusion associated to a (estimated) risk] that the conclusion might be wrong. - .pink[One has to live with this fact, and any scientific result that claims the validity of a result with 100% certainty on the basis of data, is simply a fallacy]. - However, properly controlling for the statistical risk and properly stating the conclusions that can be drawn from a data analysis can really bring new knowledge, especially in all the sciences that are based on observations. --- # Thank you very much for your attention .smallest[.center[All material is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/stephaneguerrier/StatLiteracy) at [https://github.com/stephaneguerrier/StatLiteracy](https://github.com/stephaneguerrier/StatLiteracy)]]

  .tiny[Source: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/882/)]


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Each tequila trail is a cycling journey often accompanied by tequila. This travelog art blog is a documentation of those journeys. It is currently based in Detroit, Michigan.
Tequila Trails is made by Max Wirt and Sally Lawton.


Does anyone know of a good Javascript implementation of plaintext editing? I.e., exactly what textarea does, but less sucky. Find, find-and-replace, change textarea size, maybe a few other useful features; nothing too fancy. WYSIWYG is nice, but programmers live in a plain text world, and the application I'm writing at the moment is for programmers to use. I don't know how possible it is to fix textarea's suckiness (the most popular text editor ever, and yet such an exceptionally lame text editor), but I'd like to see what people have tried.
Take a look at these:
http://www.fckeditor.net/ http://www.wikiwyg.net/
Both are open source projects.
sean
# sean
But those are WYSIWYG editors, exactly what I wasn't looking for.
# Ian Bicking
Yes, it does help to read the entire entry before posting ;)
For doing local twiki work, I've pushed folks towards mozex:
https://addons.mozilla.org/extensions/moreinfo.php?id=40&application=firefox
Lets them run their own editor to edit data in a textarea field.
# Gary Godfrey
dont forget the ability to be able to use the TAB key, very annoying
What about syntax highlighting, which is not possible in textarea?
I know I'd appreciate it.
I've been meaning to write some javascript to at least allow tabs in textarea boxes - a superficial google brings up this IE example which can probably be extended.
http://aspalliance.com/346That would make using ReST or Markdown a little more tolerable in a text area.
In the end if I have to do a lot of editing, I really want to use a real editor, ideally my editor of choice. I used to use mozex on older versions of Firefox; your post inspired me to go looking for a working solution. Someone has updated mozex to run on newer versions of Firefox: https://nic-nac-project.de/~kaosmos/mozex107-en.html
here's the original parameter docs: http://mozex.mozdev.org/arguments.html
In Extensions, Preferences, set up vim:
/usr/X11R6/bin/urxvtc -e /usr/local/bin/vim %t
(sub whatever you use as a terminal for the first chunk of the command line)
or gvim:
/usr/local/bin/gvim %t
Click on the text area field when you've saved and closed the temp file et voila. Hey, I'm soaking in it right now!
<ESC>:wq'ingly yours...
A couple minor points
- Mozilla supports Find (though not replace) in TextArea, though Firefox doesn't.
- you can change the font/size of the TextArea via HTML tag, though obviously that's just a global improvement rather than one that people can customize.
Try this one:
Here's another one that uses some of TinyMCE's code: http://cdolivet.net/editarea/test.html


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
Welcome to my page!!!
My name is Renato and I am 18 years old. I'm really interested in creating short timed programs to test my knowledge on programming and help me write code much faster.
Get to know my better and interact with me via our blogs page
Disclaimer: This page will be updated on an irregular bases therefore new content may not be published often


About
This is a 2d shooting game. Server and client side are pure Javascript. Damn, that's crazy.
Graphic library is PIXI.js. Enjoy your stay. Don't try this at home. Peace.
This is a 2d shooting game. Server and client side are pure Javascript. Damn, that's crazy.
Graphic library is PIXI.js. Enjoy your stay. Don't try this at home. Peace.


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About Me
Tony is the Senior Development Operations and Schema Engineer for Expeditionary Technical Solutions, Inc; a small tech company in Oceanside, CA. Prior to his current career, he spent the last seven years as an Officer in the United States Marine Corps where he deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. He is now happily settled in Temecula, CA with his wife, Jessica, and three dogs: Cloud, Cisco, and Nala.
Tony also Co-Founded Temecula Web Solutions, LLC in April 2021. Please check out his business website!
Tony is a big fan of cars and loves spending his free time working on his Toyota 86 and Toyota Tacoma. He is also a big fan of sports and loves the Los Angeles Dodgers, Lakers, and Rams.
He is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) and holds his Bachelor's Degree from the University of California, San Diego. He is currently working on his Master's of Cybersecurity Engineering at the University of San Diego. In December 2020, he began the full-stack web development bootcamp at UC San Diego extension.


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Google volatile variable and you know that without the volatile keyword the compiler will cache results and cause programs incorrectness. But, why does it get wrong? Ever checked the assembly code?
First, the definition of volatile according to a great article on Dr.Dobbs by Andrei Alexandrescu has written about, very well:
The
volatile
keyword was devised to prevent compiler optimizations that might render code incorrect in the presence of certain asynchronous events.
So what effect does volatile have on a compiler?
Concretely, let’s check out two examples with the help of constants (const). We know that constants are, well, constants. So it is impossible to modify the value, except in C++. So take these programs A and B which tries to modify a constant but one with a volatile keyword.
// Program A #include <cstdio>
int main(){
const volatile int i = 50;
int * pi = const_cast<int *>(&i);
printf("%d\n", i);
*pi = 20;
printf("%d\n", i);
}
And this program B:
// Program B #include <cstdio>
int main(){ const int i = 50; int * pi = const_cast<int *>(&i); printf("%d\n", i); *pi = 20; printf("%d\n", i); }
Output of Program A:
50 20
Output of Program B:
50 50
OK. These are facts, why? What happened? Let’s do some debugging via gdb. Compile the programs with symbols ( g++ -o
Program A gdb output:
main () at const_cast.cpp:4 4 const volatile int i = 50; (gdb) s 5 int * pi = const_cast<int *>(&i); (gdb) p i $1 = 50 (gdb) s 6 printf("%d\n", i); (gdb) s 50 7 *pi = 20; (gdb) p *pi $2 = 50 (gdb) s 8 printf("%d\n", i); (gdb) p *pi $3 = 20 (gdb) s 20 9 }
Program B gdb output:
main () at const_cast2.cpp:44 const int i = 50; (gdb) s 5 int * pi = const_cast<int *>(&i); (gdb) s 6 printf("%d\n", i); (gdb) p i $1 = 50 (gdb) p *pi $2 = 50 (gdb) s 50 7 *pi = 20; (gdb) s 8 printf("%d\n", i); (gdb) p i $3 = 20 (gdb) p * pi $4 = 20 (gdb) p $5 = 20 (gdb) s 50 9 }
The gdb output of program B mysteriously prints the *pi as 50 and not 20, even though we have checked that *pi is really 20. Why? Now, we need some truth serums – assembly code.
Let’s get some assembly code ( g++ -g -c -Wa,-alh ):
Assembly of program A, take note at bolded parts.
6:const_cast.cpp **** *pi = 20; 42 .loc 1 7 0 43 002d 8B442418 movl 24(%esp), %eax 44 0031 C7001400 movl $20, (%eax) 44 0000 7:const_cast.cpp **** printf("%d\n", i); 45 .loc 1 8 0 46 0037 8B44241C movl 28(%esp), %eax 47 003b 89442404 movl %eax, 4(%esp) 48 003f C7042400 movl $.LC0, (%esp) 48 000000 49 0046 E8FCFFFF call printf
Assembly of program B, take note at bolded parts.
6:const_cast2.cpp **** *pi = 20; 41 .loc 1 7 0 42 002d 8B442418 movl 24(%esp), %eax 43 0031 C7001400 movl $20, (%eax) 43 0000 7:const_cast2.cpp **** printf("%d\n", i); 44 .loc 1 8 0 45 0037 C7442404 movl $50, 4(%esp) 45 32000000 46 003f C7042400 movl $.LC0, (%esp) 46 000000 47 0046 E8FCFFFF call printf
Note in Program B, line 45 indicates that the compiler just push the value “50” into the second argument of printf, rather than in Program Line 46 it pushes the value of i from the stack.
It should be obvious now : Program B, without the volatile keyword on , has led the compiler to believe the constant variable i does not change. As thus, the compiler optimizes and assumes value pointed by pi (*pi) is 50. However, the compiler is wrong. By adding the volatile keyword, we tell the compiler not to be too smart to get things wrong.


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KPN Things Device SDK
|
Macros | |
| #define | htons(x) ( ((x)<<8 & 0xFF00) | ((x)>>8 & 0x00FF) ) |
| #define | htonl(x) |
| #define | htonll(x) ((((uint64_t)htonl(x)) << 32) + htonl((x) >> 32)) |
| #define | ntohl(x) |
Functions | |
| float | binary_to_float (uint32_t x) |
| uint32_t | float_to_binary (float x) |
| double | binary_to_double (uint64_t x) |
| uint16_t | half_float_to_binary (float val) |
| float | binary_to_half_float (uint16_t val) |
| float | ntohd_avr (uint64_t x) |
| bool | is_lossless_to_half_float (double value) |
| bool | is_lossless_to_float (double value) |
| double | decode_float_half (unsigned char *halfp) |
| size_t | decode_int (uint64_t *val) |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_array (size_t array_length) |
Serialize array of length array_length . More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_map (size_t map_length) |
Serialize map of length map_length . More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_int (int val) |
| Serializes an integer. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_unicode_string (const char *const val) |
| Serializes a unicode string. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_half_float (float val) |
| Serializes a half precision floating point value. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_float (float val) |
| Serializes a single precision floating point value. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_double (double val) |
| Serializes a double precision floating point value. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_deserialize_float_half (float *val) |
| size_t | cbor_deserialize_float (float *val) |
| size_t | cbor_deserialize_double (double *val) |
| size_t | cbor_deserialize_int64_t (int64_t *val) |
Deserialize signed 64 bit values from stream to val . More... | |
| size_t | cbor_deserialize_uint64_t (uint64_t *val) |
Deserialize unsigned 64 bit values from stream to val . More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_bool (bool val) |
| Serializes a boolean value. More... | |
| size_t | cbor_serialize_byte_string (const char *val, int length) |
| Serializes a byte string. More... | |
| #define htonl | ( | x | ) |
| #define htons | ( | x | ) | ( ((x)<<8 & 0xFF00) | ((x)>>8 & 0x00FF) ) |
| #define ntohl | ( | x | ) |
|
inline |
Convert double x
to host format
|
inline |
Convert float x
to host format
|
inline |
| size_t cbor_deserialize_double | ( | double * | val | ) |
| size_t cbor_deserialize_float | ( | float * | val | ) |
| size_t cbor_deserialize_float_half | ( | float * | val | ) |
| size_t cbor_deserialize_int64_t | ( | int64_t * | val | ) |
Deserialize signed 64 bit values from stream to val
.
| [out] | val | Pointer to destination array |
stream
| size_t cbor_deserialize_uint64_t | ( | uint64_t * | val | ) |
Deserialize unsigned 64 bit values from stream
to val
.
| [out] | val | Pointer to destination array |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_array | ( | size_t | array_length | ) |
Serialize array of length array_length
.
Basic usage:
array_length
, items will just be appened as normal| [in] | array_length | Length of the array of items which follows |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_bool | ( | bool | val | ) |
Serializes a boolean value.
| [in] | val | The boolean value to serialize |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_byte_string | ( | const char * | val, |
| int | length | ||
| ) |
Serializes a byte string.
| [in] | val | The byte string start pointer |
| [in] | length | The length of the string |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_double | ( | double | val | ) |
Serializes a double precision floating point value.
| [in] | val | The double to serialize |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_float | ( | float | val | ) |
Serializes a single precision floating point value.
| [in] | val | The float to serialize |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_half_float | ( | float | val | ) |
Serializes a half precision floating point value.
| [in] | val | The float to serialize |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_int | ( | int | val | ) |
Serializes an integer.
| [in] | val | The integer to serialize |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_map | ( | size_t | map_length | ) |
Serialize map of length map_length
.
Basic usage:
| map_length | Length of the map of items which follows |
stream
| size_t cbor_serialize_unicode_string | ( | const char * | val | ) |
Serializes a unicode string.
string
| [out] | val | The zero-terminated unicode string to serialize. |
stream
| double decode_float_half | ( | unsigned char * | halfp | ) |
Source: CBOR RFC reference implementation
| size_t decode_int | ( | uint64_t * | val | ) |
|
inline |
|
inline |
| bool is_lossless_to_float | ( | double | value | ) |
| bool is_lossless_to_half_float | ( | double | value | ) |
|
inline |


| Class | ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition |
| In: |
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb |
| Parent: | Object |
Represents the schema of an SQL table in an abstract way. This class provides methods for manipulating the schema representation.
Inside migration files, the t object in create_table and change_table is actually of this type:
class SomeMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :foo do |t| puts t.class # => "ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition" end end def self.down ... end end
The table definitions The Columns are stored as a ColumnDefinition in the columns attribute.
| columns | [RW] | An array of ColumnDefinition objects, representing the column changes that have been defined. |
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 315 315: def initialize(base) 316: @columns = [] 317: @base = base 318: end
Instantiates a new column for the table. The type parameter is normally one of the migrations native types, which is one of the following: :primary_key, :string, :text, :integer, :float, :decimal, :datetime, :timestamp, :time, :date, :binary, :boolean.
You may use a type not in this list as long as it is supported by your database (for example, "polygon" in MySQL), but this will not be database agnostic and should usually be avoided.
Available options are (none of these exists by default):
For clarity‘s sake: the precision is the number of significant digits, while the scale is the number of digits that can be stored following the decimal point. For example, the number 123.45 has a precision of 5 and a scale of 2. A decimal with a precision of 5 and a scale of 2 can range from -999.99 to 999.99.
Please be aware of different RDBMS implementations behavior with :decimal columns:
This method returns self.
# Assuming td is an instance of TableDefinition td.column(:granted, :boolean) # granted BOOLEAN td.column(:picture, :binary, :limit => 2.megabytes) # => picture BLOB(2097152) td.column(:sales_stage, :string, :limit => 20, :default => 'new', :null => false) # => sales_stage VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'new' NOT NULL td.column(:bill_gates_money, :decimal, :precision => 15, :scale => 2) # => bill_gates_money DECIMAL(15,2) td.column(:sensor_reading, :decimal, :precision => 30, :scale => 20) # => sensor_reading DECIMAL(30,20) # While <tt>:scale</tt> defaults to zero on most databases, it # probably wouldn't hurt to include it. td.column(:huge_integer, :decimal, :precision => 30) # => huge_integer DECIMAL(30) # Defines a column with a database-specific type. td.column(:foo, 'polygon') # => foo polygon
Instead of calling column directly, you can also work with the short-hand definitions for the default types. They use the type as the method name instead of as a parameter and allow for multiple columns to be defined in a single statement.
What can be written like this with the regular calls to column:
create_table "products", :force => true do |t| t.column "shop_id", :integer t.column "creator_id", :integer t.column "name", :string, :default => "Untitled" t.column "value", :string, :default => "Untitled" t.column "created_at", :datetime t.column "updated_at", :datetime end
Can also be written as follows using the short-hand:
create_table :products do |t| t.integer :shop_id, :creator_id t.string :name, :value, :default => "Untitled" t.timestamps end
There‘s a short-hand method for each of the type values declared at the top. And then there‘s TableDefinition#timestamps that‘ll add created_at and updated_at as datetimes.
TableDefinition#references will add an appropriately-named _id column, plus a corresponding _type column if the :polymorphic option is supplied. If :polymorphic is a hash of options, these will be used when creating the _type column. So what can be written like this:
create_table :taggings do |t| t.integer :tag_id, :tagger_id, :taggable_id t.string :tagger_type t.string :taggable_type, :default => 'Photo' end
Can also be written as follows using references:
create_table :taggings do |t| t.references :tag t.references :tagger, :polymorphic => true t.references :taggable, :polymorphic => { :default => 'Photo' } end
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 481 481: def column(name, type, options = {}) 482: column = self[name] || ColumnDefinition.new(@base, name, type) 483: if options[:limit] 484: column.limit = options[:limit] 485: elsif native[type.to_sym].is_a?(Hash) 486: column.limit = native[type.to_sym][:limit] 487: end 488: column.precision = options[:precision] 489: column.scale = options[:scale] 490: column.default = options[:default] 491: column.null = options[:null] 492: @columns << column unless @columns.include? column 493: self 494: end
Handles non supported datatypes - e.g. XML
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 321 321: def method_missing(symbol, *args) 322: if symbol.to_s == 'xml' 323: xml_column_fallback(args) 324: else 325: super 326: end 327: end
Appends a primary key definition to the table definition. Can be called multiple times, but this is probably not a good idea.
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 339 339: def primary_key(name) 340: column(name, :primary_key) 341: end
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 516 516: def references(*args) 517: options = args.extract_options! 518: polymorphic = options.delete(:polymorphic) 519: args.each do |col| 520: column("#{col}_id", :integer, options) 521: column("#{col}_type", :string, polymorphic.is_a?(Hash) ? polymorphic : options) unless polymorphic.nil? 522: end 523: end
Appends :datetime columns :created_at and :updated_at to the table.
 This string can then be prepended and appended to to generate the final SQL to create the table.
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 529 529: def to_sql 530: @columns.map(&:to_sql) * ', ' 531: end
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb, line 31 31: def xml(*args) 32: options = args.extract_options! 33: column(args[0], 'xml', options) 34: end
# File /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-3.0.0.beta4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb, line 329 329: def xml_column_fallback(*args) 330: case @base.adapter_name.downcase 331: when 'sqlite', 'mysql' 332: options = args.extract_options! 333: column(args[0], :text, options) 334: end 335: end


You are at the NE Holds Shelf. You see a lot of books with little slips of paper in them. You also see some cool titles.


---
title: ACPR 2019 - The 5th Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition
---
Conference Committees
Steering Committee
Seong-Whan Lee (Korea University, Korea)
Cheng-Lin Liu (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Sankar K. Pal (Indian Statistical Institute, India)
Tieniu Tan (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Yasushi Yagi (Osaka University, Japan)
General Chairs
Reinhard Klette (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
Brendan McCane (University of Otago, New Zealand)
Umapada Pal (Indian Statistical Institute, India)
Program Chairs
Gabriella Sanniti di Baja (Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking, Italy)
Shivakumara Palaiahnakote (University of Malaya, Malaysia)
Liang Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China)
Publication Chair
Weiqi Yan (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
International Liaison Chairs
Chokri Ben Amar (University of Sfax, Tunisia) - Africa
Wang Han (Nanyang Technology University, Singapore) - Asia
Edwin Hancock (University of York, United Kingdom) - Europe
Anil K. Jain (University of Michigan, United States) - North America
Domingo Mery (Pontificia Univerisdad Catolica, Chile) - Latin America
Workshop Chairs
Michael Cree (University of Waikato, New Zealand)
Fay Huang (National Ilan University, Taiwan)
Junsong Yuan (State University of New York at Buffalo, United States)
Tutorial Chairs
Michael Blumenstein (University of Technology Sydney, Australia)
Yukiko Kenmochi (French National Centre for Scientific Research, France)
Ujjwal Maulik (Jadavpur University, India)
Sponsorship Chair
Koichi Kise (Osaka University, Japan)
Local Organising Chair
Martin Stommel (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
Organising Committee
Terry Brydon (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
Tapabrata Chakraborty (University of Otago, New Zealand)
Gisela Klette (Auckland, New Zealand)
Minh Nguyen (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)
Web Manager
Andrew Chen (University of Auckland, New Zealand)


To create a minimal Cminor program:
Here's the contents of the source file minimal.cminor:
Every valid Cminor program has a nonmember function called main where the execution begins.
Here's the contents of the project file minimal.cminorp:
The project declaration names the project. The source declarations list path to each source file contained by the project.
If the build succeeds the compiler prints by default nothing to the screen. On successful build the compiler creates a directory named assembly under the project directory. Under the assembly directory, there's a debug directory for debug builds and release directory for release builds. That directory contains an assembly file with extension .cminora that can be executed using the Cminor virtual machine.
Here's the directory structure of the program:
| +--minimal | +--minimal.cminor | +--minimal.cminorp | +--assembly | +--debug | | | +--minimal.cminora | +--release | +--minimal.cminora
The minimal program does nothing so there's also no output. If no error occurs, an exit code value 0 is returned to the caller of the program.


The theming system used in jQuery Mobile is similar to the ThemeRoller system in jQuery UI with a few important improvements:
The theme system separates color and texture from structural styles that define things like padding and dimensions. This allows theme colors and textures to be defined once in the stylesheet and to be mixed, matched, and combined to achieve a wide range of visual effects.
Each theme includes several global settings, including font family, drop shadows for overlays, and corner radius values for buttons and boxes. In addition, the theme can include multiple color swatches, each with color values for bars, content blocks, buttons and list items, and font text-shadow
.
The default theme includes 5 swatches that are given letters (a, b, c, d, e) for quick reference. To make mapping of color swatches consistent across our widgets, we have followed the convention that swatch "a" is the highest level of visual priority (black in our default theme), "b" is secondary level (blue) and "c" is the baseline level (gray) that we use by default in many situations, "d" for an alternate secondary level and "e" as an accent swatch. Themes may have additional swatches for accent colors or specific situations. For example, you could add a new theme swatch "f" that has a red bar and button for use in error situations.
Most theme changes can be done using ThemeRoller, but it's also simple to manually edit the base swatches in the default theme and/or add additional swatches by editing the theme CSS file. Just copy a block of swatch styles, rename the classes with the new swatch letter name, and tweak colors as you see fit.
The default theme contains the following five bar styles:
By default, the framework assigns the "a" swatch to all headers and footers, because these are typically given high visual priority in an application. To set the color of a bar to a different swatch color, simply add the data-theme
attribute to your header or footer and specify an alternate swatch letter ('b' or 'd', for example) and the specified theme swatch color will be applied. Learn more about toolbar theming.
The default theme also includes color swatch values for use in content blocks, designed to coordinate with the header color swatches in the theme.
If a theme isn't specified on a content block, the framework will default to "c" to maximize contrast against the default header "a", as shown here:
This is the default content color swatch and a preview of a link.
ButtonLearn more about content theming.
Each swatch also includes default styles for interactive elements like list items and buttons.
A button is included for each swatch in the theme. Each button has styles for normal, hover/focus and pressed states.
By default, any button that's placed in a bar is automatically assigned a swatch letter that matches its parent bar or content box. Thus, the button is visually integrated into the parent theme as shown here:
This default behavior makes it easy to ripple a theme change through a page by setting a theme swatch on a parent because you know the buttons will maintain the same relative visual weight across themes. Since form elements use the button styles, they will also adapt to their parent container.
If you want to add visual emphasis to a button, an alternate swatch color can be set by adding a data-theme="a"
to the anchor. Once an alternate swatch color is set on a button in the markup, the framework won't override that color if the parent theme is changed, because you made a conscious decision to set it.
Learn more about list theming and button theming.
The jQuery Mobile framework uses a swatch called "active" (bright blue in the default theme) to consistently indicate the selected state, regardless of the individual swatch of the given widget. We apply this in navigation and form controls whenever there is a need to indicate what is currently selected. Because this theme swatch is designed for clear, consistent user feedback, it cannot be overridden via the markup; it is set once in the theme and applied by the framework whenever a selected or active state is needed. The styling for this state is in the theme stylesheet under the ui-btn-active
style rules.
There is a core set of standard icons included in the framework that can be assigned to any button. To minimize the download size of the core icons, jQuery Mobile only includes these icons in white and automatically adds a semi-transparent black circle behind the icon to make sure it has good contrast on all background colors.
Assigning color swatches through the data-theme
attribute is one way to leverage the theme system, but it's also possible to apply any of the theme swatches directly to your markup through classes to apply the colors, textures and font formatting of your theme to any markup. This is especially useful when creating your own custom layout elements or UI widgets. Here are a few common theme classes, but many more are available in the theme stylesheet:
ui-bar-(a-z)
ui-bar
structural class to add the standard bar padding styles.ui-body-(a-z)
ui-body
structural class to add the standard content block padding styles. ui-btn-up-(a-z)
ui-btn-hover-(a-z)
and ui-btn-down-(a-z)
interaction class states to provide visual feedback and ui-btn-active
to indicate the selected or "on" state.ui-corner-all
ui-corner-tl
(top left only), -top
(both top corners), -left
(both left corners), etc. A second full set of corner classes is provided for buttons so these can have a different corner radius. These use classes with a similar naming convention, but with "btn-corner" instead of "corner", like this: .ui-btn-corner-all
.ui-shadow
box-shadow
property. ui-disabled
pointer-events: none;
which prevents any interaction in many modern browsers.The themes are meant as a solid starting point, but are meant to be customized. Since everything is controlled by CSS, it's easy to use a web inspector tool to identify the style properties you want to modify. The set of of theme classes (global) and semantic structural classes (widget-specific) added to elements provide a rich set of possible selectors to target style overrides against. We recommend adding an external stylesheet to the head
, placed after the structure and theme stylesheet references, that contain all your style overrides. This allows you to easily update to newer versions of the library because overrides are kept separate from the library code.
Learn more about theming individual components:


BJP opposes move to keep open ‘Vaikuntha Dwaram’ for 10 days
TTD is tampering with time-tested practice, alleges Madhav
by A.D. RangarajanThe BJP has accused the Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) of systematically tampering with time-tested religious practices, violating age-old customs that are considered sacrosanct, and diluting established norms.
“How can the TTD trust board, with the tacit support of the State government, unilaterally take strange decisions?” questioned P.V.N. Madhav, party MLC from Visakhapatnam.
Mr. Madhav made specific reference to the TTD board’s move to keep the ‘Vaikuntha Dwaram’ in Tirumala open for 10 days.
“The TTD board has been taking controversial decisions without any regard to the rules or established practices. Such a tendency to undermine the practices will not only weaken the system but also hurt the sentiments of devotees,” Mr. Madhav said.
Garuda Varadhi
On Garuda Varadhi, the 6-km-long elevated corridor project that had been stalled after the BJP moved the court opposing diversion of the TTD funds for laying the road, Mr. Madhav said that the party firmly believed that the project could be undertaken from a number of Central / State funding sources, and certainly not from the Lord’s coffers.
“Devotees make offerings at the famous Pedda Dargah in Kadapa and Bara Shaheed Dargah in Nellore. Is at least a part of such offerings used to lay roads to those shrines?” Mr. Madhav questioned.
The BJP would have no objection if the project was taken up with the Smart City funds.


DirectQuery is one way to get data into Power BI Desktop. The DirectQuery method involves connecting directly to data in its source repository from within Power BI Desktop. It is an alternative to importing data into Power BI Desktop.
When you use the DirectQuery method, the overall user experience depends heavily on the performance of the underlying data source. Slow query response times will lead to a negative user experience and, in the worst-case scenarios, queries might time out. Also, the number of users who are opening the reports at any one time will impact the load that is placed on the data source. For example, if your report has 20 visuals in it and 10 people are using the report, 200 queries or more will exist on the data source because each visual will issue one or more queries.
Unfortunately, the performance of your Power BI model will not only be impacted by the performance of the underlying data source, but also by other uncontrollable factors, such as:
Network latency; faster networks return data quicker.
The performance of the data source's server and how many other workloads are on that server. For example, consider the implications of a server refresh taking place while hundreds of people are using the same server for different reasons.
Therefore, using DirectQuery poses a risk to the quality of your model's performance. To optimize performance in this situation, you need to have control over, or access to, the source database.
For more detailed information, see DirectQuery model guidance in Power BI Desktop.
It is best practice to import data into Power BI Desktop, but your organization might need to use the DirectQuery data connectivity mode because of one of the following reasons (benefits of DirectQuery):
It is suitable in cases where data changes frequently and near real-time reporting is required.
It can handle large data without the need to pre-aggregate.
It applies data sovereignty restrictions to comply with legal requirements.
It can be used with a multidimensional data source that contains measures such as SAP Business Warehouse (BW).
If your organization needs to use DirectQuery, you should clearly understand its behavior within Power BI Desktop and be aware of its limitations. You will then be in a good position to take action to optimize the DirectQuery model as much as possible.
When you use DirectQuery to connect to data in Power BI Desktop, that connection behaves in the following way:
When you initially use the Get Data feature in Power BI Desktop, you will select the source. If you connect to a relational source, you can select a set of tables and each one will define a query that logically returns a set of data. If you select a multidimensional source, such as SAP BW, you can only select the source.
When you load the data, no data is imported into the Power BI Desktop, only the schema is loaded. When you build a visual within Power BI Desktop, queries are sent to the underlying source to retrieve the necessary data. The time it takes to refresh the visual depends on the performance of the underlying data source.
If changes are made to the underlying data, they won't be immediately reflected in the existing visuals in Power BI due to caching. You need to carry out a refresh to see those changes. The necessary queries are resent for each visual, and the visuals are updated accordingly.
When you publish the report to the Power BI service, it will result in a dataset in Power BI service, the same as for import. However, no data is included with that dataset.
When you open an existing report in Power BI service, or build a new one, the underlying source is again queried to retrieve the necessary data. Depending on the location of the original source, you might have to configure an on-premises data gateway.
You can pin visuals, or entire report pages, as dashboard tiles. The tiles are automatically refreshed on a schedule, for example, every hour. You can control the frequency of this refresh to meet your requirements. When you open a dashboard, the tiles reflect the data at the time of the last refresh and might not include the latest changes that are made to the underlying data source. You can always refresh an open dashboard to ensure that it's up-to-date.
The use of DirectQuery can have negative implications. The limitations vary, depending on the specific data source that is being used. You should take the following points into consideration:
Performance - As previously discussed, your overall user experience depends heavily on the performance of the underlying data source.
Security - If you use multiple data sources in a DirectQuery model, it is important to understand how data moves between the underlying data sources and the associated security implications. You should also identify if security rules are applicable to the data in your underlying source because, in Power BI, every user can see that data.
Data transformation - Compared to imported data, data that is sourced from DirectQuery has limitations when it comes to applying data transformation techniques within Power Query Editor. For example, if you connect to an OLAP source, such as SAP BW, you can't make any transformations at all; the entire external model is taken from the data source. If you want to make any transformations to the data, you will need to do this in the underlying data source.
Modeling - Some of the modeling capabilities that you have with imported data aren't available, or are limited, when you use DirectQuery.
Reporting -- Almost all the reporting capabilities that you have with imported data are also supported for DirectQuery models, provided that the underlying source offers a suitable level of performance. However, when the report is published in Power BI service, the Quick Insights and Q&A features are not supported. Also, the use of the Explore feature in Excel will likely result in poorer performance.
For more detailed information on the limitations of using DirectQuery, see Implications of using DirectQuery.
Now that you have a brief understanding of how DirectQuery works and the limitations that it poses, you can take action to improve the performance.
Continuing with the Tailwind Traders scenario, during your review of the data model, you discover that the query used DirectQuery to connect Power BI Desktop to the source data. This use of DirectQuery is the reason why users are experiencing poor report performance. It's taking too long to load the pages in the report, and tables are not refreshing quickly enough when certain selections are made. You need to take action to optimize the performance of the DirectQuery model.
You can examine the queries that are being sent to the underlying source and try to identify the reason for the poor query performance. You can then make changes in Power BI Desktop and the underlying data source to optimize overall performance.
When you have optimized the data source as much as possible, you can take further action within Power BI Desktop by using Performance analyzer, where you can isolate queries to validate query plans.
You can analyze the duration of the queries that are being sent to the underlying source to identify the queries that are taking a long time to load. In other words, you can identify where the bottlenecks exist.
You don't need to use a special approach when optimizing a DirectQuery model; you can apply the same optimization techniques that you used on the imported data to tune the data from the DirectQuery source. For example, you can reduce the number of visuals on the report page or reduce the number of fields that are used in a visual. You can also remove unnecessary columns and rows.
For more detailed guidance on how a optimize a DirectQuery query, see: DirectQuery model guidance in Power BI Desktop and Guidance for using DirectQuery successfully.
Your first stop is the data source. You need to tune the source database as much as possible because anything you do to improve the performance of that source database will in turn improve Power BI DirectQuery. The actions that you take in the database will do the most good.
Consider the use of the following standard database practices that apply to most situations:
Avoid the use of complex calculated columns because the calculation expression will be embedded into the source queries. It is more efficient to push the expression back to the source because it avoids the push down. You could also consider adding surrogate key columns to dimension-type tables.
Review the indexes and verify that the current indexing is correct. If you need to create new indexes, ensure that they are appropriate.
Refer to the guidance documents of your data source and implement their performance recommendations.
Power BI Desktop gives you the option to send fewer queries and to disable certain interactions that will result in a poor experience if the resulting queries take a long time to run. Applying these options prevents queries from continuously hitting the data source, which should improve performance.
In this example, you edit the default settings to apply the available data reduction options to your model. You access the settings by selecting File > Options and settings > Options, scrolling down the page, and then selecting the Query reduction option.
The following query reduction options are available:
Reduce number of queries sent by - By default, every visual interacts with every other visual. Selecting this check box disables that default interaction. You can then optionally choose which visuals interact with each other by using the Edit interactions feature.
Slicers - By default, the Instantly apply slicer changes option is selected. To force the report users to manually apply slicer changes, select the Add an apply button to each slicer to apply changes when you're ready option.
Filters - By default, the Instantly apply basic filter changes option is selected. To force the report users to manually apply filter changes, select one of the alternative options:
Add an apply button to all basic filters to apply changes when you're ready
Add a single apply button to the filter pane to apply changes at once (preview)


© 2019
| cardinalis cardinalis cardinale | red | |||
| cardo | cardin | noun/m | ancient door hinge | |
| alis | al | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: of or pertaining to | |
| Delphinium cardinale Hook. Lobelia cardinalis L. | ||||
| cardiophyllus cardiophylla cardiophyllum | heart shaped leaves | |||
| cardia | cardi | noun/f | καρδια heart, mind, soul | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Scutellaria cardiophylla Engelm. & Gray Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl. Hibiscus cardiophyllus Gray | ||||
| carduaceus carduacea carduaceum | thistle like | |||
| carduus | cardu | noun/m | thistle | |
| aceus | ace | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: resembles, of..., ...like, mixture using, fragrance of; borrowed from nouns declined like ...ax, ...acis + eus | |
| Salvia carduacea Benth. | ||||
| cardunculus cardunculi | diminutive of Carduus (thistle) | |||
| cardus | card | noun/m | thistle (accessory form of carduus) | |
| unculus | uncul | noun/m | diminutive: small, lesser; borrowed from -ix, -icis + ulus | |
| Cynara cardunculus L. | ||||
| caricaefolius caricaefolia caricaefolium | leaves like Carica (papaya) | |||
| carica | caric | noun/f | fig, the paw-paw (Carica)was thought to be a fig which were from Caria, Asia Minor. | |
| ae | ae | cnct | connective vowel sometimes used by botanical Latin instead of 'i' to distinguish between two words with the same root, e.g. tuba (trumpet) and tubus (tube); in some cases 'ae' is incorrectly used because it is the genitive singular suffix of the preceeding word but it should be corrected to 'i' | |
| folius | foli | adj | folium leaf | |
| caricifolius caricifolia caricifolium | leaves like Carex (sedge) | |||
| carex | caric | noun/f | rush or sedge | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| folius | foli | adj | folium leaf | |
| caricinus caricina caricinum | like Carex (sedge) | |||
| carex | caric | noun/f | rush or sedge | |
| inus | in | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: belonging to or resembling | |
| Scleria caricina Benth. Phragmipedium caricinum (Lindl. & Paxton) Rolfe Astragalus caricinus (M.E. Jones) Barneby | ||||
| caricus carica caricum | of Caria, south west coast of Turkey | |||
| caricus | caric | adj | Caricus of or pertaining to Caria, a Roman province now south west Turkey around Dalaman river, known for its cultivation of figs | |
| Ficus carica L. | ||||
| carinatus carinata carinatum | keeled | |||
| carinatus | carinat | padj | carinos to supply with a keel or shell | |
| Amsinckia carinata A. Nels. & J.F. Macbr. Allium carinatum L. Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart | ||||
| cariosus cariosa cariosum | decayed | |||
| cariosus | carios | adj | decayed, rotten | |
| Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel | ||||
| carissimus carissima carissimum | dearest | |||
| superlative of carus | car | adj | dear, precious; costly | |
| issimus | issim | adj | superlative suffix; most so, to the greatest degree; most-, -est (e.g. largest, prettiest, whitest) | |
| carneolus carneoli | flesh-colored | |||
| carneus | carne | adj | of flesh | |
| olus | ol | noun/m | substantive suffix for 1st & 2nd declention nouns: diminutive | |
| Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. | ||||
| carneus carnea carneum | flesh colored | |||
| carneus | carne | adj | of flesh | |
| Androsace carnea L. Polemonium carneum Gray Baeomyces carneus Florke | ||||
| carnicolor carnicolores | flesh colored | |||
| caro | carn | noun/f | flesh | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| color | color | noun | color | |
| Echeveria carnicolor E. Morren | ||||
| carnosulus carnosula carnosulum | slightly fleshy | |||
| caro | carn | noun/f | flesh | |
| osus | os | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: plenitude or notable development | |
| ulus | ul | adj | adjective suffix for adjectives: diminutive | |
| Draba carnosula O.E. Schulz Chenopodium carnosulum Moq. | ||||
| carnosus carnosa carnosum | fleshy | |||
| caro | carn | noun/f | flesh | |
| osus | os | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: plenitude or notable development | |
| Asclepias carnosa L. f. Nama carnosum (Woot.) C.L. Hitchc. Carphephorus carnosus (Small) C.W. James | ||||
| carota carotae | carrot | |||
| carota | carot | noun/f | carrot | |
| Daucus carota L. | ||||
| cartilagineus cartilaginea cartilagineum | consistency or texture of cartilage | |||
| cartilago | cartilagin | noun/f | cartilage | |
| eus | e | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: made from, color, -like | |
| Acarospora cartilaginea H. Magn. Paspalum cartilagineum J. Presl | ||||
| caryophyllaceus caryophyllacea caryophyllaceum | pinkish | |||
| carya | cary | noun/f | καρυα walnut tree | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| aceus | ace | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: resembles, of..., ...like, mixture using, fragrance of; borrowed from nouns declined like ...ax, ...acis + eus | |
| Montinia caryophyllacea Thunb. Acantholimon caryophyllaceum Boiss. | ||||
| caryophylloides caryophylloides caryophylloides | caryophyllus like | |||
| carya | cary | noun/f | καρυα walnut tree | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| oides | oid | adj | -οειδεϛ adjective suffix for nouns: like, resemble | |
| Oxytheca caryophylloides Parry | ||||
| caryophyllus caryophylla caryophyllum | pink colored (t. clove pink [Dianthus caryophyllus], t. clove, t. smell of walnut leaves) | |||
| carya | cary | noun/f | καρυα walnut tree | |
| o | o | cnct | connective vowel in botanical Latin, usually for Greek words but in some cases, such as color tingeing, for Latin words | |
| phyllon | phyll | noun/n | φυλλον leaf; foliage | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Phlox caryophylla Wherry Dianthus caryophyllus L. | ||||
| caspius caspia caspium | of the Caspian Sea | |||
| caspius | caspi | adj | Caspius of or pertaining to the Caspian Sea | |
| Asparagus caspius Hohen. | ||||
| cassideus cassidea cassideum | helmet shaped | |||
| cassis | cassid | noun/f | a helmet | |
| eus | e | adj | adjective suffix for nouns: made from, color, -like | |
| castaneus castanea castaneum | chestnut colored | |||
| castanon | castan | noun/n | καστανον chestnut tree | |
| eus | e | adj | -εοϛ adjective suffix for nouns: belonging to, from, of | |
| Bryonora castanea (Hepp) Poelt Aster castaneus Burgess | ||||
| castellanus castellana castellanum | of a castle | |||
| castellanus | castellan | adj | of or pertaining to a castle or fort | |
| Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reuter Lotus castellanus Boiss. & Reut. | ||||
| castus casta castum | spotless | |||
| castus | cast | adj | chaste, pure | |
| Mimosa casta L. | ||||
| catarius cataria catarium | of cats | |||
| catus | cat | noun/m | male cat (minor usage) | |
| arius | ari | adj | adjective suffix for nouns or numbers: connected to or possessed by | |
| Nepeta cataria L. | ||||
| catarractae catarractarum | of the waterfall(s) | |||
| generative of catarracta | catarract | noun/f | καταρρακτηϛ a waterfall | |
| Parahebe catarractae (G. Forst.) W. R. B. Oliv. | ||||
| catenatus catenata catenatum | chained | |||
| catenatus | catenat | adj | chained, fettered | |
| Veronica catenata Pennell | ||||
| catharticus cathartica catharticum | purgative | |||
| catharticos | cathartic | adj | κατηαρτικοϛ purgative, cleansing | |
| us | adj | Latinizing suffix | ||
| Allamanda cathartica L. Cathartolinum catharticum (L.) Small Bromus catharticus Vahl |


ttPong is a revisit to the Pong game for touch based handheld devices, in particular for iPhones running iOS 10.3 or later.
ttPong integrates with GameCenter for keeping global leader boards with records achieved by all its players.  If you later sign in to GameCenter, your locally achieved record won't be saved in the global leader board.
If you have any question about ttPong or would like to suggest a feature or report a bug, please send an email to raulcostajunior at gmail dot com.


class: middle, center # Convex Piecewise-Linear Fitting Wai-Shing Luk<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2017-04-14 --- Convex PWL Fitting: Why? ------------------------ - LP modeling - Max-monomial fitting to circuit models (for geometric programming based optimization) (Kim et al. ICCAD 2004) - Previous work which uses max-affine function may fail to converge (Magnani and Boyd 2009) (need update) --- Problem Formulation ------------------- - Given $m$ data points $V = \{ v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_m \}$ in $R^n$. - Look for a function $g(v)$ such that: - $g(v)$ is convex - $g(v)$ best fits the data - $g(v)$ is easy to construct - $g(v)$ is easy to evaluate (all previous works forget this point) --- Piecewise Linear Interpolation ------------------------------ - Recall a simple univariate problem (i.e. $n=1$) without convexity requirements. Piecewise linear (PWL) interpolation (table lookup) is widely used in engineering community: - Construction: organize the data in a lienar order (i.e. sorting), which takes $O(m \log m)$ time. - Evaulation at $v_q$: - Locate the interval $[v_1, v_{i+1}]$ such that $v_i \leq v_q < v_{i+1}$ - Find the barycentric coordinate $(\lambda, \mu)$ of $v_q$ by solving - $\mu v_i + \lambda v_{i+1} = v_q$ - Then $g_{PWL}(v_q) = \mu f_i + \lambda f_{i+1} = f_i + \lambda (f_{i+1} - f_i)$ ![pic5](figs/pic5.png) --- Enforce Convexity in PWL Fitting -------------------------------- - Recall that a function $g(v)$ is convex iff for all $v$, $w$ - $(1 - \lambda) g(v) + \lambda g(w) \geq g((1 - \lambda) v + \lambda w)$, $\lambda \in [0, 1]$ .pull-left70[ - In PWL, fitting problem can be formulated as a quadratic programming: - Minimize $\sum_i (f_i - p_i)^2$, subject to: - For each non-boundary vertex $v_i$, - impose $(1 - \lambda) p_{i-1} + \lambda p_{i+1} \geq p_i$ - where $\lambda$ can be found by solving - $(1 - \lambda) v_{i-1} + \lambda v_{i+1} \geq v_i$ - Note: linear constraint ] .pull-right30[ ![pic6](figs/pic6.png) ] --- Multivariate Case ($n > 1$) --------------------------- - Recall that *barycentric triangulated interpolation* is a natural extension of PWL interpolation: - Construction: organize the data in Delaunay Triangulation, which takes $O(m \log m)$ time. - Evaulation at $v_q$: - Locate the simplex $[v_1, v_2, v_3, \ldots, v_{i+1}]$ that contains $v_q$ - Find the barycentric coordinate of $v_q$ by solving - $\sum_k \lambda_k v_k = v_q$, ($k=1,2,3,\ldots,n+1$) - $\sum_k \lambda_k = 1$ - Then $g_{PWL}(v_q) = \sum_k \lambda_k f_k$ - In Python, `scipy.interpolate.LinearNDInterpolator` can perform this interpolation. --- Delaunay Triangulation (DT) --------------------------- - The Delaunay triangulation of a set of points in d-dimensional spaces is in fact the projection of the points of convex hull onto a (d+1)-dimensional paraboloid. Therefore, it can be constructed by constructiong a convex hull. - Python provides basic functions of DT (check `scipy.spatial.Delaunay`) .pull-left70[ - For bivariate can ($n=2$), to enforce convexity: - For each non-boundary edge $(v_1, v_2)$, - impose $(1 - \lambda) p_3 + \lambda p_4 \geq (1 - \mu) p_1 + \mu p_2$ - where $\lambda, \mu$ can be found by solving - $(1 - \lambda) v_3 + \lambda v_4 = (1 - \mu) v_1 + \mu v_2$ - Note: linear constraint ] .pull-right30[ ![pic7](figs/pic7.png) ] --- Enforce Convexity for $n = 3$ ----------------------------- .pull-left70[ - For $n=3$, to enforce convexity: - For each non-boundary triangle $(v_1, v_2, v_3)$, - impose $(1 - \lambda) p_4 + \lambda p_5 \geq \sum_k \mu_k p_k$, $k=1,2,3$ - where $\lambda, \mu_k$ can be found by solving - $(1 - \lambda) v_4 + \lambda v_5 = \sum_k \mu_k v_k$ - $\sum_k \mu_k = 1$ - Note: linear constraint! ] .pull-right30[ ![pic8](figs/pic8.png) ] --- Enforce Convexity for general cases ----------------------------------- - In general, - For each non-boundary n-simplex $(v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n)$, - impose $(1 - \lambda) p_a + \lambda p_b \geq \sum_k \mu_k p_k$, $k=1,2,\ldots,n$ - where $\lambda, \mu_k$ can be found by solving - $(1 - \lambda) v_a + \lambda v_b = \sum_k \mu_k v_k$ - $\sum_k \mu_k = 1$ --- ## Numerical Experiment .pull-left[ ![cvxfit_1](figs/cvxfit_1.svg) without convex fitting ] .pull-right[ ![cvxfit_2](figs/cvxfit_2.svg) with convex fitting ] --- class: center, middle Questions? ==========


Class Computation
This class represents a single computation within the transformation engine of NMF.Transformations
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: NMF.Transformations.Core
Assembly: NMF.Transformations.Core.dll
Syntax
public abstract class Computation : IPersistor, ITraceEntry
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceComputation(GeneralTransformationRule, IComputationContext)
Creates a new computation for the given transformation rule with the given input arguments
Declaration
protected Computation(GeneralTransformationRule transformationRule, IComputationContext context)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GeneralTransformationRule | transformationRule | The transformation rule responsible for the transformation of the input data |
| IComputationContext | context | The transformation context, in which the computation is done |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceContext
Gets the computation context for this computation
Declaration
public IComputationContext Context { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IComputationContext |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
InputArguments
Gets the number of input arguments
Declaration
public int InputArguments { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| int |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
IsDelayed
Gets a value indicating whether the output creation for this computation is delayed
Declaration
public bool IsDelayed { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Output
Gets the output of this computation
Declaration
public object Output { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| object |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This property may throw a DelayedOutputCreationException in case that the output has been tried to access, although the output creation was delayed |
OutputCore
Gets or sets the output in a derived class
Declaration
protected abstract object OutputCore { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| object |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
TransformationContext
Gets the context, in which the computation has been made
Declaration
public ITransformationContext TransformationContext { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ITransformationContext |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
TransformationRule
Gets the transformation rule, which has been used to compute this computation
Declaration
public GeneralTransformationRule TransformationRule { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| GeneralTransformationRule |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceCreateInputArray()
Copies the input of this computation into an array
Declaration
public object[] CreateInputArray()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| object[] | An array with the inputs |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
CreateOutput(IEnumerable)
Creates the output of this transformation rule
Declaration
public abstract object CreateOutput(IEnumerable context)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.IEnumerable | context |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| object | The output for this transformation under this input |
Remarks
At this point, not all of the computations have created their output and thus, the trace is not complete. Use the OutputDelayLevel-feature to have the trace contain all elements created in earlier levels
DelayOutputAtLeast(byte)
Configures the computation to create its output at minimum with the given delay level
Declaration
public void DelayOutputAtLeast(byte delayLevel)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| byte | delayLevel | The minimum delay level for this computation |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
DelayTransformationAtLeast(byte)
Configures the computation to be transformed at least with the given delay level
Declaration
public void DelayTransformationAtLeast(byte delayLevel)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| byte | delayLevel |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
GetInput(int)
Gets the input argument for this computation with the given index
Declaration
public abstract object GetInput(int index)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| int | index | The index of the input parameter |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| object | The input parameter at the ith position |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
InitializeOutput(object)
Initializes the output for the actual computation
Declaration
public void InitializeOutput(object output)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| object | output | The intended output |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
MarkRequire(Computation, bool, ITransformationRuleDependency)
Marks that this computations requires another to be transformed.
Declaration
public virtual void MarkRequire(Computation other, bool isRequired, ITransformationRuleDependency dependency)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Computation | other | The other computation |
| bool | isRequired | A value indicating whether the other computation must be execute before or after the current computation |
| ITransformationRuleDependency | dependency | The dependency that required this |
Remarks
The default implementation does nothing, so feel free to override. This method is intended to be called by NMF.Transformations, only.
OnComputed(EventArgs)
Fires the Computed-event
Declaration
protected virtual void OnComputed(EventArgs e)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.EventArgs | e | The event arguments |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
OnOutputInitialized(EventArgs)
Fires the OutputInitialized-event
Declaration
protected virtual void OnOutputInitialized(EventArgs e)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.EventArgs | e | The event arguments |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
SetBaseComputation(Computation)
Sets the provided computation as the base computation
Declaration
public virtual void SetBaseComputation(Computation baseComputation)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Computation | baseComputation | The base computation |
Remarks
By default, this method is blank.
ThrowDelayedException()
Throws an exception that the output has been accessed although the output of teh computation is delayed
Declaration
protected static void ThrowDelayedException()
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
Transform()
Initializes the transformation output
Declaration
public abstract void Transform()
Remarks
At this point, all the transformation outputs are created (also the delayed ones), thus, the trace is fully reliable
Events
| Improve this Doc View SourceComputed
This event is fired as soon as the computation has been computed, i.e., the computation has been processed in the computation list
Declaration
public event EventHandler Computed
Event Type
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.EventHandler |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness
OutputInitialized
This event is fired as soon as the output of this computation is initialized
Declaration
public event EventHandler OutputInitialized
Event Type
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.EventHandler |
Remarks
This class is visible to public as it provides reaction to delayness


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Email report


Dark Net And Child Sexual Abuse
Surface web is the one that all of us have access to, eg, google.com. Deep web contains data not accessible to normal public, eg, national security info, health report of patients etc. Dark web uses the public internet, but needs specific software to access.Tor is used to access the dark web.
Dark web is used by many people for various purposes like:
People living in dictatorship or who want to voice their opinion safely use this platform to shed light on various issues.Thus they can remain anonymous and can’t be found by the govt agencies.
Other reasons why dark web is used is to sell drugs, arms, pornography content, recruit in terror groups etc.
Dark web is accessed by students too, who get exposed to a variety of negative and tormenting content that normally will not be shown on the surface web.
From images and videos of forced child pornography to online content by predators on how to abuse the victims are available on the dark net, it cannot be digested well by any one with sane mind.  The anonymity provided by darknet makes it harder to find people who upload the materials and also the abusers involved in it. The content can originate from anywhere. Even newborns are not spared by the abusers. There are a large number of people involved in this vicious activity and it is scary to read facts about this topic.
 Peodophiles buy the images and also try various ways to lure children through online platforms (child predatory) for such obscene activities. Many peodopiles make contact with their victim through online portals, lure the victim outside the house and kidnap them.  Dark net caters to these kind of inhuman activities where they show the chid getting raped and forced to do sexual acts. These children most of the time do not get tracked or saved.
As the novel coronavirus continues to keep children stay indoors, there’s been a rise in the online sexual exploitation of children in India. Searches for Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) have been on a rise. To ensure security of your child:
Parents should have conversations about online safety with their children as they’re spending more time online.
It is important to tell them to maintain privacy in social media sites and to inform the elders in case of any unusual and weird activities.
Report any CSAM content to cybercrime.gov.in in case you see any CSAM content in social media platforms report or flag the content.


Welcome to Momentizer Application
Organize for fast access, Categorize and better manage your moments (photos, videos, etc.)


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This demo allows to clearly distinguish between two most common types of camera, Perspective and Orthographic .
This demo let you know more about Phong and Lambert material type.
This demo will take you to world where you can understant different types of lights a better way.
There's no way better than this to take a deep dive into 3D world.
Get to know what color models exits in this world


EARLY SETTLEMENTS
(You can
search any file or page on this web site by following the steps found by
clicking on Search.)
The following story is
reproduced from a book titled, the "Combined History and Atlas of Monroe
County, Ohio." The material for this book was taken from two nineteenth
century books: (1) 'History of Monroe County Ohio,' a product of the H.H. Hardesty
& Co., publishers, Chicago and Toledo, 1882 and (2) 'Caldwell's Atlas of
Monroe County, Ohio,' a product of Atlas Publishing Company, Mount Vernon,
Ohio, 1898. The "Combined History and Atlas of Monroe County, Ohio"
was reprinted and is available from the Monroe County Historical Society.
It is of interest to note that
the author (unknown) of this article states that he was old enough in 1829 to
" take his "turn" at the horse-mill" used for grinding
grain. This probably meant that he was at least 11 or 12 years old which would
have made his birth date 1818-19.
The first
permanent settlement in the territory, now within the limits of the county, of
which there is any well authenticated history, was made in the year 1791. It is
probable that some improvements may have been made, in the way of clearing up
small patches of ground, prior to that time, and as early as the permanent
settlement at Marietta, by settlers from the Virginia side of the river. There
are some evidences of this, but where or by whom is unknown. Settlements were
made on the opposite side of the river as early as 1786, but the frequent
depredations and hostilities of the Indians prevented settlements on the
western shore. Ezekielton (now Sistersville, West Virginia) was laid out in
1800; but prior to that time settlements had been made by the Caldwells, Scotts
and others. At this point, in 1804, a ferry was established across the river,
which is now known as Tuel s ferry.
Philip Witten,
brother-in-law of the noted scouts and Indian fighters, Kinsey and Vachel
Dickinson (having married their sister) settled on the Ohio river, in what is
now Jackson township, in 1791. He came there with his family from Wheeling and
his descendants still live on the same farm. Some of his grandchildren, still
living, have a distinct recollection of their grandparents, and have heard them
frequently talk of their early settlement, and the hardships and dangers the
first settlers had to overcome.
The next
settlement, in the order of time, was on Buckhill bottom, in 1794, and was made
by Robert McEldowney, who was soon followed by Jacob Ullom and others.
Settlements were made at and near the mouth of Sunfish creek and Opossum creek,
by the Vandevanters, Henthorns, Atkinsons and others, about the years 1798-9. A
settlement was made about where the town of Callais now stands in 1802. An
improvement was made there in 1798, by Aaron Dillie, from Dillie s Bottom,
Belmont county.
About the same
time a settlement was made by Michael Crow and others on Clear Fork creek.
Cline s settlement, on the Little Muskingum river, was begun about the year
1805; the settlement near and around where Beallsville now stands was made
about the same time. And Dye s settlement in Perry township, in 1812.
More particulars
of these early settlements are given in the historical sketches of the several
townships.*
Few of its
present inhabitants can realize the hardships endured by the early settlers of
the county. Being without mills they were compelled to resort, in the early
fall, to grinding corn for bread, and when too hard for that, to hominy,
pounding it in large wooden mortars, called "hominy blocks," with
iron wedges in the ends of round sticks of wood for pestle. "Hog and
hominy," "johnny cake," and wild game, and mush and milk,
constituted their chief diet. When hand mills were introduced they were indeed,
a great acquisition; but a still greater were the horse mills. The writer was
old enough in 1829, when the water mills were dried up, to take his
"turn" at the horse-mill, after a stay of a day and a night, sleeping
on a pile of unbroken flax laid on rails in the corner of the mill. There were
no markets or mills, at the period of the first settlements, for grain or other
farm produce nearer than Wheeling or Marietta; and to those places from the settlements
along the river, long journeys in canoes had to be made. Then every farmer had
his flock of sheep and his patch of flax. The wool was carded with hand-cards,
spun and woven at home, and made up into garments for both sexes. The older
people can remember what nice suits were made for men of "fulled
cloth," and what nice gowns for women of "pressed flannel." The
flax was pulled and spread out in rows on the ground and "wetted and then
"broken and swingled," and was thus prepared for carding and the
"little wheel," as the machine was called on which the flax was spun,
to distinguish it from the larger machine for spinning wool. It was woven into
cloth for table-covers, toweling, sheeting and shirting. The "tow,"
which was the course portion combed out on the hatchel, was spun into course
yarn of which a cloth was made for summer suits for men and boys. The tow
shirt, so commonly worn, was, when new, an instrument of torture to the wearer,
as it was full of prickly spines left from the woody parts of the stalk.
Click here for the Short-Cut Table of Contents


edit todos in local readme from the cli
list and toggle by index
$ todoris
add
$ todoris 'add tests' npm
automatic agenda @company weekly meeting
Assuming the company uses Trello for project management, prior to the weekly meeting - each team member adds a common label (like #meeting) to cards in any company board. Once at weekly meeting, use tragenda to search for cards by label. Voila! We have an agenda.
usage @meeting
- Prioritize by re-ordering cards
- Click a card to open it in Trello (also marks the card as done - this does not alter any data in Trello)
- A progressbar shows how many cards are left
Works on mobile devices. Repo at github
build your own Trello bot
Max is a trello bot. He reminds users to include @username in comments to send them notifications. He also does some other things. Build your own with trobot on github.


© 2019
| uberior uberior uberius | more abundant | |||
| comparative of uber | uber | adj | fruitful, abundant, copious | |
| ior | adj | comparative suffix; more so, to a greater degree; more-, -er (e.g. larger, prettier, whiter) | ||
| Buellia uberior Anzi | ||||
| udus uda udum | moist | |||
| udus | ud | adj | wet, damp, moist | |
| Rubus udus Bailey | ||||
| uliginosus uliginosa uliginosum | in marshes | |||
| uliginosus | uliginos | adj | damp, marshy, wet | |
| Solidago uliginosa Nutt. Vaccinium uliginosum L. Lotus uliginosus Schkuhr | ||||
| ulmarius ulmaria ulmarium | Ulmus (elm) like | |||
| ulmus | ulm | noun/f | the elm tree | |
| arius | ari | adj | adjective suffix for nouns or numbers: connected to or possessed by | |
| Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. | ||||
| ulterior ulterior ulterius | farther beyond | |||
| comparative of ulter | ulter | adj | beyond, on the other side | |
| ior | adj | comparative suffix; more so, to a greater degree; more-, -er (e.g. larger, prettier, whiter) | ||
| Rubus ulterior Bailey | ||||
| ultramontanus ultramontana ultramontanum | from the other side of the mountain | |||
| ultra | ultra | prep | on the far side of, beyond,across | |
| montanus | montan | adj | of or belonging to the mountains | |
| Rosa ultramontana (S. Wats.) Heller | ||||
| umbellatus umbellata umbellatum | in umbels | |||
| umbella | umbell | noun/f | umbrella, literally: a little shadow | |
| atus | at | adj | adjectival suffix for nouns: possessive of or likeness of something (with, shaped, made)/ for verb participles: a completed action, -ed | |
| Achillea umbellata Sibth. & Sm. Calyptridium umbellatum (Torr.) Greene Aster umbellatus P.Mill. | ||||
| umbelliformis umbelliformis umbelliforme | in umbels | |||
| umbella | umbell | noun/f | umbrella, literally: a little shadow | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| formis | form | adj | in botanical Latin a substantive suffix for nouns derived from 'forma': to be in the form or shape of... | |
| Artemisia umbelliformis Lam. | ||||
| umbellulatus umbellulata umbellulatum | with small umbels | |||
| umbella | umbell | noun/f | umbrella, literally: a little shadow | |
| ulus | ul | adj | adjective suffix for adjectives: diminutive | |
| atus | at | adj | adjectival suffix for nouns: possessive of or likeness of something (with, shaped, made)/ for verb participles: a completed action, -ed | |
| Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong Xeniatrum umbellulatum (Michx.) Small | ||||
| umbilicatus umbilicata umbilicatum | with a navel | |||
| umbilicatus | umbilicat | adj | shaped like a navel | |
| Valerianella umbilicata (Sullivant) Wood Erythronium umbilicatum Parks & Hardin | ||||
| umbraculifer umbraculifera umbraculiferum | umbrella bearing | |||
| umbraculum | umbracul | noun/n | a shady place, an umbrella | |
| i | i | cnct | connective vowel used by botanical Latin | |
| fer | fer | apar | fero to bear, carry, bring | |
| Corypha umbraculifera L. | ||||
| umbrosus umbrosa umbrosum | shady | |||
| umbrosus | umbros | adj | shady | |
| Saxifraga umbrosa L. Paspalum umbrosum Trin. | ||||
| uncialis uncialis unciale | one twelfth, an inch | |||
| uncialis | uncial | adj | one twelfth, an inch | |
| Astragalus uncialis Barneby | ||||
| uncinatus uncinata uncinatum | hooked | |||
| uncinatus | uncinat | adj | with hooks, barbed | |
| Uncinia uncinata (L.f.) Kukenth. Aconitum uncinatum L. Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) L. Benson |


?i
The
New
York
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
Ludwigia
repens
Forst.
Determined
by
Ching-I
Peng
Missouri
Botanical
Garden
INSTITUTE
OF
JAMAICA
FLORA
OF
JAMAICA
Parish:
WESTMDRELAND
19*1
SJ.?.?!
GARDEN
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
01447711
Name:
Ludwigia
repens
Swartz
Locality:
Deans
Valley
River*
0*75
mile
S.S.W.
of
PETERSFIELD.
Altitude:
cÇ
150
ft.
Date:
February
7,
1961
Habitat:
Submerged
ia
gently-flowing
waterÇ
Notes:
Collector:
George
R*
Proctor
No-
22031
&
Winston
Uullings
01447711
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Regular Fries ($3.00)
Seasoned Fries($4.00)
Nachos w/ cheese ($4.50)
Loaded Nachos ($6.75)
(Hamburger, Onions, Peppers and Cheese)
Chili Cheese Fries ($6.50)
Extra Cheese or Jalapeno ($0.75)
Fountain Drinks
Large ($2.50) / Small ($2.00)
(Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Orange, Dr.Pepper, Root Beer)
Apple Juice ($2.00)
Cranberry Juice ($2.50)
Water
Regular ($1.25) / Liter ($3.25)
Green Tea ($2.25)


My journey to become a full-stack developer began in 2019 with a workshop at Epicodus! I found that I really enjoyed both the technical and creative aspects that came with software development and web design.
I began with the cohort in March and found that I could use some more time with the material, especially JavaScript. And so a plan was developed to begin again in May.
"All things are difficult till they are easy."
"Don't worry about failure. Worry about the chances you miss when you don't even try."
"I never lose. I either win or learn."
Designed and Created by Taylor Phillips taylorphillips133@gmail.com


Congratulations!
At {{current_time}} you received some more Chia!
You now have
{{current_chia_coins}} Chia Coins!


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home
blog
code
docs
download
about
The
Karma Project
aims to create high-quality open-source educational software using openweb technologies.
karma.js
is a javascript library for manipulating
HTML 5
and
SVG
.
Try out the demos and see the
tutorials