The Future of Data Systems
-
In this final chapter,
- we will shift our perspective toward the future and discuss how things should be:
- propose some ideas and approaches that may fundamentally improve the ways we design and build applications.
-
The goal of this book was outlined in Chapter 1 : to explore how to create applications and systems that are reliable, scalable, and maintainable.
-
In this chapter we will bring all of these ideas together, and build on them to envisage the future.
12.1 Data Integration
- A recurring theme has been that for any given problem, there are several solutions, all of which have different pros, cons, and trade-offs.
- So you inevitably end up having to cobble together several different pieces of software in order to provide your application’s functionality.
12.1.1 Combining Specialized Tools by Deriving Data
-
Derived data (log-based) vs distributed transactions
- In the absence of widespread support for a good distributed transaction protocol, I believe that log-based derived data is the most promising approach for integrating different data systems.
-
The limits of total ordering :
- With small systems, constructing a totally ordered event log is entirely feasible.
- However, as systems are scaled toward bigger and more complex workloads, limitations begin to emerge : (p.446, 168, 131, 170)
-
Ordering events to capture causality
- Unfortunately, there does not seem to be a simple answer to this problem
- Perhaps, over time, patterns for application development will emerge that allow causal dependencies to be captured efficiently, and derived state to be maintained correctly, without forcing all events to go through the bottleneck of total order broadcast.
12.1.2 Batch and Stream Processing
- The goal of data integration is to make sure that data ends up in the right form in all the right places
- Doing so requires consuming inputs, transforming, joining, filtering, aggregating, training models, evaluating, and eventually writing to the appropriate outputs.
- Batch and stream processors are the tools for achieving this goal.
- the main fundamental difference is that stream processors operate on unbounded datasets whereas batch process inputs are of a known, finite size.
- but these distinctions are beginning to blur
- Spark performs stream processing on top of a batch processing engine by breaking the stream into microbatches, whereas Apache Flink performs batch processing on top of a stream processing engine
- Maintaining derived state :
- maintaining derived data => batch processing (determministic) => well-defined inputs and outputs => good for fault tolerance and reasoning about the dataflows
- Reprocessing data for application evolution :
- batch processing allows large amounts of accumulated historical data to be reprocessed in order to derive new views onto an existing dataset
- gradul evolution of application
- The lambda architecture : how to combine batch process & stream processing
- batch processing is used to reprocess historical data,
- stream processing is used to process recent updates,
- incoming data should be recorded by appending immutable events to an always-growing dataset, similarly to event sourcing (p.457)
- the stream processor consumes the events and quickly produces an approximate update to the view;
- the batch processor later consumes the same set of events and produces a corrected version of the derived view.
- Unifying batch and stream processing : More recent work has enabled the benefits of the lambda architecture to be enjoyed without its downsides, by allowing both batch computations (reprocessing historical data) and stream computations (processing events as they arrive) to be implemented in the same system
12.2 Unbundling Databases (Done)
- At a most abstract level, databases and operating systems all perform the same functions: they store some data, and they allow you to process and query that data.
- Unix and relational databases have approached the information management problem with very different philosophies.
- Unix is simpler in the sense that it is a fairly thin wrapper around hardware resources
- relational data‐bases are simpler in the sense that a short declarative query can draw on a lot of powerful infrastructure
- In this section I will attempt to reconcile the two philosophies, in the hope that we can combine the best of both worlds.
12.2.1 Composing Data Storage Technologies
-
We have discussed various features provided by databases and how they work,
-
The meta-database of everything :
- the dataflow across an entire organization starts looking like one huge database
- Recently, they are provided by various different pieces of software, different machines, different teams. (instead of a single integrated database product,)
- Where will these developments take us in the future?
- Federated databases (unifying reads) : provide a unified query interface to a wide variety of underlying storage engines and processing methods. (PostgreSQL’s foreign data wrapper)
- Unbundled databases (unifying writes) : is like unbundling a database’s index-maintenance features that can synchronize writes across disparate technologies
-
Making unbundling work : keeping the writes to several storage systems in sync
- traditional approach : distributed transaction => the lack of a standardized transaction protocol makes integration much harder.
- log-based integration : An ordered log of events with idempotent consumers => loose coupling between the various components,
12.2.2 Designing Applications Around Dataflow
- In this section, I will explore some ways of building applications around the ideas of unbundled databases and dataflow
- Application code as a derivation function :
- When the function that creates a derived dataset is not a standard cookie-cutter function (like ML, feature extraction) => custom code is required => where many databases struggle.
- Separation of application code state :
- Databases could be deployment environments => poorly suited
- it makes sense to have some parts of a system that specialize in durable data storage, and other parts that specialize in running application code.
- YARN, Docker, Kubernetes
- Dataflow: Interplay between state changes and application code :
- Stable message ordering and fault-tolerant message processing are quite stringent demands, but they are much less expensive and more operationally robust than distributed transactions.
- Instead of treating a database as a passive variable that is manipulated by the application, we think much more about the interplay and collaboration between state, state changes, and code that processes them.
- Unbundling the database means taking this idea and applying it to the creation of derived datasets outside of the primary database: caches, full-text search indexes, machine learning, or analytics systems. We can use stream processing and messaging systems for this purpose.
- Stream processors and services
- The currently trendy style of application development involves breaking down functionality into a set of services that communicate via synchronous network requests such as REST APIs : Microservices
- Not only is the dataflow approach faster, but it is also more robust to the failure of another service.
12.2.3 Observing Derived State
- The derived dataset is the place where the write path and the read path meet,
- It represents a trade-off between the amount of work that needs to be done at write time and the amount that needs to be done at read time.
- Materialized views and caching (fig12-1)
- ex1) If you didn’t have an index, a search query would have to scan over all documents (like grep), which would get very expensive => No index means less work on the write path (no index to update), but a lot more work on the read path.
- ex2) precomputing the search results for all possible queries => less work to do on the read path
- Usually) precompute the search results for only a fixed set of the most common queries, (cache, materialized view)
- Viewed like this, the role of caches, indexes, and materialized views is simple: they shift the boundary between the read path and the write path
- Stateful, offline-capable clients (뒤랑 연결안되면 빼도될듯)
- Let’s look at the idea in different context
- changing capabilities have led to a renewed interest in offline-first applications
- we can think of the on-device state as a cache of state on the server.
- Pushing state changes to clients
- Typical web page : The state on the device is a stale cache that is not updated unless you explicitly poll for changes.
- Recent protocols : the server can actively push messages to the browser as long as it remains connected. (subscribe)
- The same technique works for individual users, where each device is a small subscriber to a small stream of events
- End-to-end event streams
- Recent tools for developing stateful clients and user interfaces, (Facebook’s toolchain of React, Flux, and Redux) already manage internal client-side state by subscribing to a stream of events representing user input or responses from a server, structured similarly to event sourcing
- In order to extend the write path all the way to the end user, we would need to fundamentally rethink the way we build many of these systems
- I think that the advantages of more responsive user interfaces and better offline support would make it worth the effort. If you are designing data systems, I hope that you will keep inmind the option of subscribing to changes, not just querying the current state.
12.3 Aiming for Correctness (Done)
- In this section I will suggest some ways of thinking about correctness in the context of dataflow architectures.
12.3.1 The End-to-End Argument for Databases
- Let’s look at a more subtle example of data corruption that can occur.
- Exactly-once execution of an operation
- If something goes wrong while processing a message, you can either give up or try again.
- If you try again => there is the risk that the message ends up being processed twice (charge a customer twice) => idempotence (478p) => the final effect is the same as if no faults had occurred, even if the operation actually was retried due to some fault
- Duplicate suppression
- The same pattern of duplicates occurs in many other places besides stream processing.
- Operation identifiers
- To make the operation idempotent, it is not sufficient to rely just on a transaction mechanism
- you need to consider the end-to-end flow of the request.
- For example, you could generate a unique identifier for an operation (such as a UUID)
- client reques twice => have the same operation ID
- The end-to-end argument
- This scenario of suppressing duplicate transactions is just one example of a more general principle called the end-to-end argument
- Applying end-to-end thinking in data systems
- It would be really nice to wrap up the remaining high-level fault-tolerance machinery in an abstraction so that application code needn’t worry about it
- But we have not yet found the right abstraction
- I think it is worth exploring fault-tolerance abstractions that make it easy to provide application-specific end-to-end correctness properties,
12.3.2 Enforcing Constraints
- Techniques that enforce uniqueness can often be used for these kinds of constraints as well
- Uniqueness constraints (user name, email address, book…)
- Account balance never goes negative,
- Uniqueness constraints require consensus : there are several concurrent requests with the same value, the system somehow needs to decide which one of the conflicting operations is accepted, and reject the others as violations of the constraint (Chapter9)
- Uniqueness in log-based messaging : In the unbundled database approach with log-based messaging, we can use a very similar approach to enforce uniqueness constraints : Total Order Broadcast. (p.348)
12.3.3 Timeliness and Integrity
- consistency : conflates two different requirements that are worth considering separately
- Timelineness : means ensuring that users observe the system in an up-to-date state
- Integrity : means absence of corruption; i.e., no data loss, and no contradictory orfalse data
- In most applications, integrity (error in sum) is much more important than timeliness (not yet appear). : credit card statement
- Loosely interpreted constraints :
- many real applications can actually get away with much weaker notions of uniqueness (overbook)
- In many business contexts, it is actually acceptable to temporarily violate a constraintand fix it up later by apologizing
- These applications do require integrity: you would not want to lose a reservation, or have money disappear due to mismatched credits and debits.
- Coordination-avoiding data systems
- You cannot reduce the number of apologies to zero, but you can aim to find the best trade-off for your needs—the sweet spot where there are neither too many inconsistencies nor too many availability problems.
12.3.4 Trust, but Verify
-
All of our discussion of correctness, integrity, and fault-tolerance has been under the assumption that certain things might go wrong,
-
But we might also assume that data written to disk is not lost after fsync, that data in memory is not corrupted, and that the multiplication instruction of our CPU always returns the correct result.
-
They are still very rare on modern hardware. I just wantt o point out that they are not beyond the realm of possibility, and so they deserve some attention.
-
Maintaining integrity in the face of software bugs : Despite considerable efforts in careful design, testing, and review, bugs still creep in.
-
Don’t just blindly trust what they promise : Thus, we should at least have a way of finding out if data has been corrupted so that we can fix it and try to track down the source of the error. Don’t just blindly trust that it is all working
-
A culture of verification :
- Systems like HDFS and S3 still have to assume that disks work correctly most of the time—which is a reasonable assumption, but not the same as assuming that they always work correctly.
- self-validating or self-auditing systems : read back files, compare them to other replicas, and move files from one disk toanother, in order to mitigate the risk of silent corruption
-
Tools for auditable data systems
- distributed ledger technologies : Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple,…
- I could imagine integrity-checking and auditing algorithms, like those of certificate transparency and distributed ledgers, becoming more widely used in data systems ingeneral.
12.4 Doing the Right Thing (Done)
- Throughout this book we have examined a wide range of different architectures for data systems,
- Finally, Let’s take a step back and examine some ethical aspects of building data intensive applications.
12.4.1 Predictive Analytics
- Algorithmic prison : As algorithmic decision-making becomes more widespread, someone who has been labeled as risky by some algorithm may suffer a large number of those “no” decisions (jobs, insurance coverage, rental, ..)
- Bias and discrimination : If there is a systematic bias in the input to an algorithm, the system will most likely learn and amplify that bias in its output
- Responsibility and accountability : When a self-driving car causes an accident, who is responsible?
- Feedback loops : When services become good at predicting what content users want to see, they may end up showing people only opinions they already agree with, leading to echochambers in which stereotypes, misinformation, and polarization can breed.
12.4.2 Privacy and Tracking
-
Besides the problems of predictive analytics, there are ethical problems with data collection itself. => surveillance, privacy, etc.
-
As software and data are having such a large impact on the world, we engineers must remember that we carry a responsibility to work toward the kind of world that we want to live in: a world that treats people with humanity and respect.


--- title: Multiplies 2 tensors (and/or variables) and returns a tensor. type: docs repo: https://github.com/rstudio/keras menu: main: name: Multiplies 2 tensors (and/or variables) and returns a tensor. - keras parent: keras-reference aliases: - /reference/keras/k_dot.html - /keras/reference/k_dot.html - /guide/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /tools/tools/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /installation/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /tutorials/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /guide/tools/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /deploy/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /tools/keras/reference/k_dot.html - /tutorials/tools/keras/reference/k_dot.html ---
When attempting to multiply a nD tensor
with a nD tensor, it reproduces the Theano behavior.
(e.g. (2, 3) * (4, 3, 5) -> (2, 4, 5)
)
k_dot(x, y)
| x | Tensor or variable. |
| y | Tensor or variable. |
A tensor, dot product of x
and y
.
This function is part of a set of Keras backend functions that enable lower level access to the core operations of the backend tensor engine (e.g. TensorFlow, CNTK, Theano, etc.).
You can see a list of all available backend functions here: https://keras.rstudio.com/articles/backend.html#backend-functions.


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| 1 | package fr.sii.ogham.email.message.fluent; | |
| 2 | ||
| 3 | import static fr.sii.ogham.email.attachment.ContentDisposition.INLINE; | |
| 4 | ||
| 5 | import java.io.File; | |
| 6 | import java.io.IOException; | |
| 7 | import java.io.InputStream; | |
| 8 | import java.nio.file.Path; | |
| 9 | import java.util.ArrayList; | |
| 10 | import java.util.List; | |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.resource.path.ResourcePath; | |
| 13 | import fr.sii.ogham.core.resource.path.UnresolvedPath; | |
| 14 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.attachment.Attachment; | |
| 15 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.attachment.ContentDisposition; | |
| 16 | import fr.sii.ogham.email.message.Email; | |
| 17 | ||
| 18 | /** | |
| 19 | * Fluent API to embed a file to the email (mainly used for images). The file | |
| 20 | * must be referenced in the email body using a | |
| 21 | * Content-ID (or | |
| 22 | * CID). | |
| 23 | * | |
| 24 | * @author Aurélien Baudet | |
| 25 | * @since 3.0.0 | |
| 26 | */ | |
| 27 | public class EmbedBuilder { | |
| 28 | private final Email parent; | |
| 29 | private final List<Attachment> attachments; | |
| 30 | ||
| 31 | /** | |
| 32 | * Initializes with the parent to go back to. | |
| 33 | * | |
| 34 | * @param parent | |
| 35 | * the parent instance | |
| 36 | */ | |
| 37 | public EmbedBuilder(Email parent) { | |
| 38 | super(); | |
| 39 | this.parent = parent; | |
| 40 | this.attachments = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| 41 | } | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 | /** | |
| 44 | * Embed a file to the email. The file must be referenced in the email body | |
| 45 | * using a | |
| 46 | * Content-ID | |
| 47 | * (or CID). | |
| 48 | * | |
| 49 | *
 | |
| 50 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 51 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 52 | * | |
| 53 | *
 | |
| 54 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 55 | * | |
| 56 | * @param contentId | |
| 57 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 58 | * the email body | |
| 59 | * @param file | |
| 60 | * the file to attach | |
| 61 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 62 | */ | |
| 63 | public Email file(String contentId, File file) { | |
| 64 |
1
1. file : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::file → NO_COVERAGE |
return file(contentId, file, null); |
| 65 | } | |
| 66 | ||
| 67 | /** | |
| 68 | * Embed a file to the email. The file must be referenced in the email body | |
| 69 | * using a | |
| 70 | * Content-ID | |
| 71 | * (or CID). | |
| 72 | * | |
| 73 | *
 | |
| 74 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 75 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 76 | * | |
| 77 | *
 | |
| 78 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 79 | * | |
| 80 | * @param contentId | |
| 81 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 82 | * the email body | |
| 83 | * @param file | |
| 84 | * the file to attach | |
| 85 | * @param contentType | |
| 86 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 87 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 88 | */ | |
| 89 | public Email file(String contentId, File file, String contentType) { | |
| 90 |
1
1. file : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::embed → NO_COVERAGE |
embed(new Attachment(file), contentId, contentType); |
| 91 |
1
1. file : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::file → NO_COVERAGE |
return parent; |
| 92 | } | |
| 93 | ||
| 94 | /** | |
| 95 | * Embed a file to the email. The file must be referenced in the email body | |
| 96 | * using a | |
| 97 | * Content-ID | |
| 98 | * (or CID). | |
| 99 | * | |
| 100 | *
 | |
| 101 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 102 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 103 | * | |
| 104 | *
 | |
| 105 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 106 | * | |
| 107 | * @param contentId | |
| 108 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 109 | * the email body | |
| 110 | * @param path | |
| 111 | * the path to the file to attach | |
| 112 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 113 | */ | |
| 114 | public Email file(String contentId, Path path) { | |
| 115 |
1
1. file : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::file → NO_COVERAGE |
return file(contentId, path, null); |
| 116 | } | |
| 117 | ||
| 118 | /** | |
| 119 | * Embed a file to the email. The file must be referenced in the email body | |
| 120 | * using a | |
| 121 | * Content-ID | |
| 122 | * (or CID). | |
| 123 | * | |
| 124 | *
 | |
| 125 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 126 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 127 | * | |
| 128 | *
 | |
| 129 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 130 | * | |
| 131 | * @param contentId | |
| 132 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 133 | * the email body | |
| 134 | * @param path | |
| 135 | * the path to the file to attach | |
| 136 | * @param contentType | |
| 137 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 138 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 139 | */ | |
| 140 | public Email file(String contentId, Path path, String contentType) { | |
| 141 |
1
1. file : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::file → NO_COVERAGE |
return file(contentId, path.toFile(), contentType); |
| 142 | } | |
| 143 | ||
| 144 | /** | |
| 145 | * Embed a resource loaded from a path to the email. The resource must be | |
| 146 | * referenced in the email body using a | |
| 147 | * Content-ID | |
| 148 | * (or CID). | |
| 149 | * | |
| 150 | *
 | |
| 151 | * The path may contain the lookup prefix (a prefix that indicates where to | |
| 152 | * find the resource). For example: | |
| 153 | *
 | |
| 154 | *
"classpath:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that | |
| 155 | * is located at "path/to/file.pdf" in the classpath (from the root)
 | |
| 156 | *
"file:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that is | |
| 157 | * located at "/path/to/file.pdf" in the file system
 | |
| 158 | *
 | |
| 159 | * By default, if the path doesn't contain any lookup prefix then the | |
| 160 | * resource is loaded from the root of the classpath. | |
| 161 | * | |
| 162 | *
 | |
| 163 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 164 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 165 | * | |
| 166 | *
 | |
| 167 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 168 | * | |
| 169 | * @param contentId | |
| 170 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 171 | * the email body | |
| 172 | * @param path | |
| 173 | * the path to the resource to attach | |
| 174 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 175 | */ | |
| 176 | public Email resource(String contentId, String path) { | |
| 177 |
1
1. resource : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::resource → NO_COVERAGE |
return resource(contentId, path, null); |
| 178 | } | |
| 179 | ||
| 180 | /** | |
| 181 | * Embed a resource loaded from a path to the email. The resource must be | |
| 182 | * referenced in the email body using a | |
| 183 | * Content-ID | |
| 184 | * (or CID). | |
| 185 | * | |
| 186 | *
 | |
| 187 | * The path may contain the lookup prefix (a prefix that indicates where to | |
| 188 | * find the resource). For example: | |
| 189 | *
 | |
| 190 | *
"classpath:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that | |
| 191 | * is located at "path/to/file.pdf" in the classpath (from the root)
 | |
| 192 | *
"file:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that is | |
| 193 | * located at "/path/to/file.pdf" in the file system
 | |
| 194 | *
 | |
| 195 | * By default, if the path doesn't contain any lookup prefix then the | |
| 196 | * resource is loaded from the root of the classpath. | |
| 197 | * | |
| 198 | *
 | |
| 199 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 200 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 201 | * | |
| 202 | *
 | |
| 203 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 204 | * | |
| 205 | * @param contentId | |
| 206 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 207 | * the email body | |
| 208 | * @param path | |
| 209 | * the path to the resource to attach | |
| 210 | * @param contentType | |
| 211 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 212 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 213 | */ | |
| 214 | public Email resource(String contentId, String path, String contentType) { | |
| 215 |
1
1. resource : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::resource → NO_COVERAGE |
return resource(contentId, new UnresolvedPath(path), contentType); |
| 216 | } | |
| 217 | ||
| 218 | /** | |
| 219 | * Embed a resource loaded from a path to the email. The resource must be | |
| 220 | * referenced in the email body using a | |
| 221 | * Content-ID | |
| 222 | * (or CID). | |
| 223 | * | |
| 224 | *
 | |
| 225 | * The path may contain the lookup prefix (a prefix that indicates where to | |
| 226 | * find the resource). For example: | |
| 227 | *
 | |
| 228 | *
"classpath:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that | |
| 229 | * is located at "path/to/file.pdf" in the classpath (from the root)
 | |
| 230 | *
"file:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that is | |
| 231 | * located at "/path/to/file.pdf" in the file system
 | |
| 232 | *
 | |
| 233 | * By default, if the path doesn't contain any lookup prefix then the | |
| 234 | * resource is loaded from the root of the classpath. | |
| 235 | * | |
| 236 | *
 | |
| 237 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 238 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 239 | * | |
| 240 | *
 | |
| 241 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 242 | * | |
| 243 | * @param contentId | |
| 244 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 245 | * the email body | |
| 246 | * @param path | |
| 247 | * the path to the resource to attach | |
| 248 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 249 | */ | |
| 250 | public Email resource(String contentId, ResourcePath path) { | |
| 251 |
1
1. resource : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::resource → NO_COVERAGE |
return resource(contentId, path, null); |
| 252 | } | |
| 253 | ||
| 254 | /** | |
| 255 | * Embed a resource loaded from a path to the email. The resource must be | |
| 256 | * referenced in the email body using a | |
| 257 | * Content-ID | |
| 258 | * (or CID). | |
| 259 | * | |
| 260 | *
 | |
| 261 | * The path may contain the lookup prefix (a prefix that indicates where to | |
| 262 | * find the resource). For example: | |
| 263 | *
 | |
| 264 | *
"classpath:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that | |
| 265 | * is located at "path/to/file.pdf" in the classpath (from the root)
 | |
| 266 | *
"file:/path/to/file.pdf" references a resource that is | |
| 267 | * located at "/path/to/file.pdf" in the file system
 | |
| 268 | *
 | |
| 269 | * By default, if the path doesn't contain any lookup prefix then the | |
| 270 | * resource is loaded from the root of the classpath. | |
| 271 | * | |
| 272 | *
 | |
| 273 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 274 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 275 | * | |
| 276 | *
 | |
| 277 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 278 | * | |
| 279 | * @param contentId | |
| 280 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 281 | * the email body | |
| 282 | * @param path | |
| 283 | * the path to the resource to attach | |
| 284 | * @param contentType | |
| 285 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 286 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 287 | */ | |
| 288 | public Email resource(String contentId, ResourcePath path, String contentType) { | |
| 289 |
1
1. resource : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::embed → NO_COVERAGE |
embed(new Attachment(path), contentId, contentType); |
| 290 |
1
1. resource : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::resource → NO_COVERAGE |
return parent; |
| 291 | } | |
| 292 | ||
| 293 | /** | |
| 294 | * Embed a resource to the email directly using the bytes. The embedded | |
| 295 | * resource must be referenced in the email body using a | |
| 296 | * Content-ID | |
| 297 | * (or CID). | |
| 298 | * | |
| 299 | *
 | |
| 300 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 301 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 302 | * | |
| 303 | *
 | |
| 304 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 305 | * | |
| 306 | * @param contentId | |
| 307 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 308 | * the email body | |
| 309 | * @param bytes | |
| 310 | * the content of the attachment | |
| 311 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 312 | */ | |
| 313 | public Email bytes(String contentId, byte[] bytes) { | |
| 314 |
1
1. bytes : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::bytes → NO_COVERAGE |
return bytes(contentId, bytes, null); |
| 315 | } | |
| 316 | ||
| 317 | /** | |
| 318 | * Embed a resource to the email directly using the bytes. The embedded | |
| 319 | * resource must be referenced in the email body using a | |
| 320 | * Content-ID | |
| 321 | * (or CID). | |
| 322 | * | |
| 323 | *
 | |
| 324 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 325 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 326 | * | |
| 327 | *
 | |
| 328 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 329 | * | |
| 330 | * @param contentId | |
| 331 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 332 | * the email body | |
| 333 | * @param bytes | |
| 334 | * the content of the attachment | |
| 335 | * @param contentType | |
| 336 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 337 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 338 | */ | |
| 339 | public Email bytes(String contentId, byte[] bytes, String contentType) { | |
| 340 |
1
1. bytes : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::embed → NO_COVERAGE |
embed(new Attachment(contentId, bytes), contentId, contentType); |
| 341 |
1
1. bytes : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::bytes → NO_COVERAGE |
return parent; |
| 342 | } | |
| 343 | ||
| 344 | /** | |
| 345 | * Attach a resource to the email directly using the bytes read from the | |
| 346 | * {@link InputStream}. The {@link InputStream} is immediately read and | |
| 347 | * converted to a byte array. The embedded | |
| 348 | * resource must be referenced in the email body using a | |
| 349 | * Content-ID | |
| 350 | * (or CID). | |
| 351 | * | |
| 352 | *
 | |
| 353 | * IMPORTANT: You need to manually close the stream. | |
| 354 | * | |
| 355 | *
 | |
| 356 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 357 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 358 | * | |
| 359 | *
 | |
| 360 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is automatically determined. | |
| 361 | * | |
| 362 | * @param contentId | |
| 363 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 364 | * the email body | |
| 365 | * @param stream | |
| 366 | * the content of the attachment | |
| 367 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 368 | * @throws IOException | |
| 369 | * when the {@link InputStream} can't be read | |
| 370 | */ | |
| 371 | public Email stream(String contentId, InputStream stream) throws IOException { | |
| 372 |
1
1. stream : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::stream → NO_COVERAGE |
return stream(contentId, stream, null); |
| 373 | } | |
| 374 | ||
| 375 | /** | |
| 376 | * Attach a resource to the email directly using the bytes read from the | |
| 377 | * {@link InputStream}. The {@link InputStream} is immediately read and | |
| 378 | * converted to a byte array. The embedded | |
| 379 | * resource must be referenced in the email body using a | |
| 380 | * Content-ID | |
| 381 | * (or CID). | |
| 382 | * | |
| 383 | *
 | |
| 384 | * IMPORTANT: You need to manually close the stream. | |
| 385 | * | |
| 386 | *
 | |
| 387 | * The disposition of the attachment is set to | |
| 388 | * {@link ContentDisposition#INLINE}. | |
| 389 | * | |
| 390 | *
 | |
| 391 | * The Content-Type of the attachment is explicitly set. | |
| 392 | * | |
| 393 | * @param contentId | |
| 394 | * the Content-ID used to reference the embedded attachment in | |
| 395 | * the email body | |
| 396 | * @param stream | |
| 397 | * the content of the attachment | |
| 398 | * @param contentType | |
| 399 | * the Content-Type of the attachment | |
| 400 | * @return the email instance for fluent chaining | |
| 401 | * @throws IOException | |
| 402 | * when the {@link InputStream} can't be read | |
| 403 | */ | |
| 404 | public Email stream(String contentId, InputStream stream, String contentType) throws IOException { | |
| 405 |
1
1. stream : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::embed → NO_COVERAGE |
embed(new Attachment(contentId, stream), contentId, contentType); |
| 406 |
1
1. stream : replaced return value with null for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::stream → NO_COVERAGE |
return parent; |
| 407 | } | |
| 408 | ||
| 409 | /** | |
| 410 | * Provides the list of attachments. | |
| 411 | * | |
| 412 | * @return the list of attachments | |
| 413 | */ | |
| 414 | public List<Attachment> build() { | |
| 415 |
1
1. build : replaced return value with Collections.emptyList for fr/sii/ogham/email/message/fluent/EmbedBuilder::build → RUN_ERROR |
return attachments; |
| 416 | } | |
| 417 | ||
| 418 | private void embed(Attachment attachment, String contentId, String contentType) { | |
| 419 |
1
1. embed : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/attachment/Attachment::setContentId → NO_COVERAGE |
attachment.setContentId(contentId); |
| 420 |
1
1. embed : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/attachment/Attachment::setContentType → NO_COVERAGE |
attachment.setContentType(contentType); |
| 421 |
1
1. embed : removed call to fr/sii/ogham/email/attachment/Attachment::setDisposition → NO_COVERAGE |
attachment.setDisposition(INLINE); |
| 422 | attachments.add(attachment); | |
| 423 | } | |
| 424 | } | |
Mutations | ||
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| 91 |
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Assignment 3: The Catmull-ROM COM
In which, we build a curve editor for Catmull-Rom and Hermite splines
Due Friday, Oct 1, before midnight
The goals of this lab are to
-
Implement Catmull-Rom splines
-
Implement Hermite splines
-
Implement an interactive spline editor
Implementation overview
For this assignment you will implement several splines along with an interactive spline editor.
You have been given basecode as a starting point for this assignment. It consists of a Spline
class (see spline.h
)
which is capable of using different Interpolator
objects (see interpolator.h
, interpolator_catmuullrom.h
, etc.) to interpolate between points. Interpolators store the control points for each segment in the spline and can interpolate
between segments given a segment ID and value u
in the range 0 to 1.
You will implement different interpolators for this assignment. Each must override the following two functions:
-
Interpolator::computeControlPoints(const std::vector<glm:::vec3>& keys)
. This function should replace the current control points, stored inmCtrlPoints
, with new values based on the given keys. Note that the vector of keys might only have 0 or 1 keys in it. If this is the case, the list of control points should be empty because there are no segments yet to interpolate! -
InterpolatorLinear::interpolate(int segment, float u)
. This function should return an interpolated value on the given segment. The valueu
should range between 0 and 1.
Get the source
On Github, do a Fetch Upstream
to synchronize your forked repository with the class repository.
Then update the source on your local machine and rebuild.
> git pull
> cd build
> cmake ..; make
1. Linear splines
In the file interpolator_linear.h
, implement an interpolator that computes linear interpolation.
-
Implement
InterpolatorLinear::computeControlPoints
-
Implement
InterpolatorLinear::interpolate
| We recommend you store your control points so as not to repeat points at adjoining segments, like so \(p_0 p_1 p_2 \cdots p_n\) |
To test your implementation, run the utility test_linear.cpp
.
~/cs317/AnimationToolkit/build$ ../bin/a3-test-linear
control points: vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(1.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(2.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(0, 0) = vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(1, 1) = vec3(2.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(1, 0.5) = vec3(1.500000, 0.500000, 0.000000)
2. Catmull-ROM splines
In the file interpolator_catmullrom.h
, implement a Catmull-ROM interpolator using the formulation from class.
-
Implement
InterpolatorCatmullRom::computeControlPoints
-
Implement
InterpolatorCatmullRom::interpolate
To test your implementation, run the utility test_catmullrom.cpp
.
Notice that this utility implements the spline from lab!
| We recommend you store your control points so as not to repeat points at adjoining segments, like so \(b_0^0 b_1^0 b_2^0 \quad b_0^1 b_1^1 b_2^1 \cdots b_0^n b_1^n b_2^n b_3^n\) |
To run your program from the build directory, type
~/cs317/AnimationToolkit/build$ ../bin/a3-test-catmullrom
control points: vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(0.166660, 0.166660, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(0.666800, 1.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(1.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(1.333200, 1.000000, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(1.833340, 0.166660, 0.000000)
control points: vec3(2.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(0, 0) = vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(1, 1) = vec3(2.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
interpolate(1, 0.5) = vec3(1.562452, 0.562497, 0.000000)
3. Hermite spline
In the file interpolator_hermite.h
, implement a Hermite interpolator using the formulation from class.
-
Implement
InterpolatorHermite::computeControlPoints
-
Implement
InterpolatorHermite::interpolate
To test your implementation, run the utility test_hermite.cpp
.
Notice that this utility implements the spline from lab!
| We recommend you store your control points so as not to repeat points at adjoining segments, like so \(p_0 p'_0 \quad p_1 p'_1 \cdots p_n p'_n\) |
To run your program from the build directory, type
~/cs317/AnimationToolkit/build$ ../bin/a3-test-hermite
control point: vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.000000, 2.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.321429, 2.035714, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(3.000000, 3.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(2.714286, 0.857143, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(6.000000, 3.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(2.821429, -2.464286, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(8.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
(clamped) interpolate(0, 0) = vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
(clamped) interpolate(3, 1) = vec3(8.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
(clamped) interpolate(2, 0.5) = vec3(4.486607, 3.415179, 0.000000)
(natural) interpolate(0, 0) = vec3(0.082321, 0.224750, 0.000000)
(natural) interpolate(3, 1) = vec3(7.831821, 0.374250, 0.000000)
(natural) interpolate(2, 0.5) = vec3(4.513393, 3.281250, 0.000000)
Above, we list the control points for a Hermite spline with clamped endpoints. If we use natural endpoints, we would get
control point: vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(0.821429, 2.250000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.000000, 2.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.357143, 1.500000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(3.000000, 3.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(2.750000, 0.750000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(6.000000, 3.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(2.642857, -1.500000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(8.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
control point: vec3(1.678571, -3.750000, 0.000000)
4. Spline
The Spline class manages keyframes provided by the user and supports multiple interpolation types. You implemented the different interpolation methods in the previous sections. Now let’s complete the spline class.
Read spline.h
and spline.cpp
.
Finish the implementation of the following method in spline.cpp
:
-
Spline::getValue(float t)
Givent
, this method must determine the segment and normalized time and then use the current interpolator to return a value. If t is less than the first time, clamp to the first value. If t is greater than the last key time, clamp to the last value.
Test your implementation using the utility test_spline.cpp
. To run from the build directory, type
> ../bin/a3-test-spline
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Linear
Number of control points: 0
Duration: 0
getValue(0): vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Linear
Number of control points: 2
Duration: 1
getValue(-1): vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
getValue(5): vec3(1.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000)
getValue(0.5): vec3(0.500000, 0.500000, 0.000000)
getValue(0): vec3(0.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000)
getValue(1): vec3(1.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Linear
Number of control points: 3
Duration: 2
getValue(1.5): vec3(1.500000, 0.500000, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Catmull-Rom
Number of control points: 7
Duration: 2
getValue(1.5): vec3(1.562452, 0.562497, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Hermite
Number of control points: 6
Duration: 2
getValue(1.5): (clamped) vec3(1.500000, 0.500000, 0.000000)
getValue(1.5): (natural) vec3(1.500000, 0.687500, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Hermite
Number of control points: 6
Duration: 2
getValue(1.5): (natural)vec3(1.906250, 1.093750, 0.000000)
-------------------------------
Current interpolation type: Hermite
Number of control points: 4
Duration: 2
getValue(1.5): vec3(2.250000, 0.750000, 0.000000)
5. Curve editor
In the file a3-splines/curve_editor.cpp, complete the implementation of the curve editor.
The basecode includes a simple UI based on keyboard controls.
-
Blue points represent the input data (aka keys) which are interpolated between.
-
Yellow points represent additional control points
Keyboard Controls:
-
1: Linear
-
2: Catmull-Rom
-
3: Hermite
-
c: Toggle control points
-
h: clamp hermite on/off
-
a: add mode
-
e: edit mode
-
d: delete mode
-
SPACEBAR: clear
Finish the implementation of the curve editor.
-
Implement
CurveEditor::scene()
so it draws each spline. When control points are visible, display the control points differently for catmull-rom and hermite splines to indicate how their control points differ.
To run from the build directory, type
build> ../bin/a3-curve-editor
6. Be Unique!
Implement your own unique animation or image in a3-splines/unique.cpp. Below are some ideas:
-
Implement a unique interpolator
-
Animate a character that has splines for limbs
-
Use splines to animate shapes or create interesting patterns
-
Support drawing splines in different colors.
-
Draw something using splines
7. Hand-in your work
7.1. What to hand-in
-
Your code
-
Images, movies, gifs, as appropriate
-
Your readme
7.2. How to hand-in
Check-in your code, images, and writeup and push the changes to Github. If everything is uploaded correctly, you will see your work on Github.
> cd animation-toolkit
> git add <files>
> git commit -m "helpful message"
> git push
Best practice is to always commit changes as you work, rather than waiting until the end to commit changes. You can always revert to an old version if you need to!
Your code should download and compile without modifications. Test your assignment on a lab machine (Park 230) to ensure that it works.
7.3. Generating images, movies and gifs
Screenshots
On Ubuntu, you can take a screenshot by
-
Prt Scrn to take a screenshot of the desktop.
-
Alt + Prt Scrn to take a screenshot of a window.
Gifs
On Ubuntu, you can use Peek to create gifs.
Movies
On Ubuntu, you can use recordmydesktop
to record movies in .ogv format.
By default, the whole desktop is recorded unless you give it a window id.
To get the window id, call xwininfo
and click on the window. Then pass the
id to recordmydesktop
.
> recordmydesktop --windowid <WindowId> --no-sound --v_quality 30 -o <name>.ogv
To check the video, open it in firefox.
> firefox <name>.ogv
| Files larger than 100 MB cannot be checked into git. In general, videos should be less than 5 MB. |
7.4. Update your Readme.md
Update assignments/a3-splines/Readme.md
to document the features in your assignment. Your readme should contain your images, gifs, and movies.
On github, you can drag and drop movies into your readme files. Images and gifs can also be added that way, or by including text such as the following
![Alternate text here](/path/to/image.png)
This Guide can help you with writing markdown.


Dashboard Games
Home
Events
Samples.
{{ g.game }}
Events
{{ e.eventName }} => {{ e.count }}
Go to the game


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %} Restaurant Rating Prediction {% endblock title %} {% block custom_css %} {% endblock custom_css %} {% block body %} Restaurant Rating Prediction Home(current) source code
Enter the details as indicated:
Prediction:
Description You can get to know the ratings of restaurants in bangalore based upon the number of votes that restaurant has on zomato
Description
You can get to know the ratings of restaurants in bangalore based upon the number of votes that restaurant has on zomato


What is a buffer?
In node.js a buffer is a container for raw bytes. A byte just means eight bits, and a bit is just a 0 or a 1. So a byte might look like 10101010 or
- At the lowest level, all data in your computer is represented by bits. And even though in node.js you work with things like numbers, strings, booleans, these are all abstractions that were built on 0s and 1s (i.e. bits!). This means that whenever your program wants to communicate outside of node.js you can’t rely on those data types existing anymore, so instead this communication happens in bits. That’s why if you’ve ever tried to read a file or worked with sockets, you probably got back a buffer.
What does a buffer look like?
Here’s an example of what a buffer might look like if you console.log it in the terminal.
<Buffer 02 04 06 08 0a 0c 0e 10>
You can see that a buffer has an object type of Buffer. Then you see some numbers grouped in pairs. Because there are 8 pairs, you know that this buffer has a size of 8. What do these numbers represent?
Well, since a buffer is a container for bytes, you might have guessed that these numbers are bytes. But if a byte is a group of 8 bits, how can two numbers represent a byte? Shouldn’t it be 8 numbers? And why do some of the numbers have letters?
Number systems
The short answer is that in order to save space and be more readable, the implementers of node.js have chosen to display a hexadecimal numbers instead of a binary numbers. What does that mean?
When we ordinarily think of number we think of each digit as ranging from 0-9. This is what’s called a decimal number system, or a base-10 number system. But it’s possible to have other number systems, such as binary which is a base-2 number system. Each digit only ranges from 0-1. Hexadecimal is still another number system, this time each digit ranges from 0-15. Perhaps the easiest way to understand this concept is by looking at a conversion chart:
It just so happens that any 8 digit binary number can be represented by a 2 digit hexadecimal number. That’s why we see two digit for each byte in the buffer.
Encoding
Strings
There’s one last thing we need to understand about buffers and bytes before looking at how to use them — encoding. Just looking at a bunch of bytes you can’t actually tell what those bytes are meant to represent; you also have to know the encoding. For example, let’s say we have this buffer:
If we want to read those bytes as a string, we need to know what characters those bytes map to. That mapping is the encoding. Different encodings will translate to different strings. Here you can see the output of reading the buffer above as a string using the ‘utf16le’ and ‘utf8’ encodings.
Encodings work in “both directions”. That is, you can convert from a buffer to
a string and from a string to a buffer. We already saw that converting to a
string can be done with the toString
method. To get a buffer from a string you
can use the Buffer.from
method like this:
In both cases the default encoding is ‘utf8’ so you don’t have to pass an encoding, but I think it’s better to be explicit.
Numbers
You might be surprised to hear that numbers have an encoding too. But with numbers the encoding is determined by 3 different properties: the bit-length of the number, the type of number, whether or not its signed, and whether it is big- or small-endian.
-
Bitlength is how many bits are used to represent the number. For example if a number has a bitlength of 8, then it must use 8 bits. If some of the bits are unused then they’re just set to 0. For example 4 as an 8 bit number could be 00000100, i.e. 100 with zero-padding on the left side.
-
In node, a number can be either an integer, a float, or a double. Floats and doubles are both number that use a decimal point (e.g. 1.9395) but a float has a bitlength of 32, while a double has a bitlength of 64 (double the bitlength of a float).
-
A signed number is one that can be either negative or positive. Unsigned numbers are always assumed to be positive. You can check out how signed numbers are represented here. Floats and doubles are assumed to be signed.
-
Endianness means whether the number should be read from left to right or right to left. Normally we think of numbers as being big-endian where the digits on the left are “bigger” than the digits on the right. For little-endian numbers its the other way around, so 0001 is actually what we normally think of as 1000, and 1000 is what we normally think of as 0001. Actually, this is not quite true, as endianness is a byte-level property. Each individual byte of a number is always read left to right, but endianness determines the ordering of the bytes in relation to each other. So
<Buffer 01 02>
and<Buffer 02 01>
could be the same number with different endianness.
Working with buffers
Conceptually buffers are quite similar to arrays. They use bracket indexing and
assignment just like arrays, and they have a length property as well as a concat
and a slice
method that works in basically the same way as arrays. However
unlike javascript arrays, javascript buffers have a fixed length.
You can find the official documentation here.
Creating buffers
There are lot of ways to create a buffer but the simplest is probably just using
the alloc
method. If you know you’re going to fill up the buffer immediately
then you can use allocUnsafe
which is more efficient but doesn’t clear out
random unused bytes from the buffer.
Or you can use the from
method, where you’ll most commonly be passing in an
array of numbers, a string, or another buffer. If you pass a string, you’ll
want to also pass an encoding (or use the default ‘utf8’).
Note that new Buffer
is considered deprecated, so you’ll want to use the
alloc
, allocUnsafe
, or from
methods instead.
Using buffers
Strings
If you want to read or write a string to a buffer, then you can use the toString
or from
methods respectively. Remember you should specify the encoding or you
will use utf-8 by default. I prefer to pass the encoding explicitly even if I’m
using utf-8.
Numbers
If you want to read a number out of the buffer, there is a set of built in methods that specify what bitlength, encoding, and endianness you’re dealing with. The method names follow the following convention:
- Either ‘read’ or ‘write’ to indicate the type of operation.
- Followed by either ‘Float’, ‘Double’, ‘Int’, or ‘UInt’ (unsigned int).
- Followed by the bitlength. This isn’t used by floats or doubles since they have an assumed bitlength of 32 and 64 respectively.
- Followed by ‘BE’ or ‘LE’, big-endian and little-endian respectively. This isn’t used by 8 bit integers because endianness is a byte-level property. You can’t order a single byte.
Copy
The above methods will cover almost everything you want to do with buffers, but
there are some other methods that are occasionally useful. I find copy
especially useful when you already have a buffer and you want to write its
content into another buffer. For example:


Log In or Register
View Cart
Dolls
Action
Another action
Something else here
...
Pans
Action
Another action
Something else here
...
Shoes
Action
Another action
Something else here
...
All Departments
container ?
直接row 加col 是依据父元素，container 是依据body？
下拉菜单
angang
Meet the team!
头部
注册、登陆之类
Meet the team!
多级分列
container、row、col
Meet the team!
底部
不够高填充办法
Meet the team!


---
creation_epoch:<PHONE_NUMBER>
lastmod_epoch:<PHONE_NUMBER>
categories: ['Tech Tricks']
title: Repeater mode for DD-WRT on a Linksys router
---
Here is the method I used to get DD-WRT on a Linksys router to run in repeater mode so I could have it wireless connect as a client to a remote AP and also allow wireless clients on it to connect as well.
My setup:
- Linksys WRT54GS2 V1 (I would have preferred the WRT54GL)
- Cat-6 network cable (straight through not cross-over) for laptop (1 gigabit network) to LAN port on Linksys router
- DD-WRT v24-sp2 (10/10/09) micro [build 13064] for WRT54GS2 V1
- Remote access point is Cisco
What you need before hand:
- SSID (name) of remote wireless access point spelled exactly and case sensitive
- Security settings and type of remote access point
- What normal client IP address the remote network usually gives out (ex: <IP_ADDRESS>)
Steps:
- Hold down the Reset button on the back of your router to clear all settings
- Install DD-WRT (see http://www.dd-wrt.com/)
- Hold down the Reset button on the back of your router to clear all settings (yes again)
- Hook up the network cable from your computer to the wireless router (REQUIRED - you can't do it all over wireless)
- Reset your computer TCP/IP settings to DHCP assigned (when you installed DD-WRT you changed it to a static one)
- Login to your router via http://<IP_ADDRESS>/
- Enter in a new username and password as required
- Click on Change Password
- Setup tab
- You should be in the sub-tab Basic Setup
- Under Router IP change Local IP Address to <IP_ADDRESS>
- Make it something different if the remote network usually gives out an IP starting with 192.168.101
- Scroll to bottom and click on Apply Settings (not Save)
- Your connection to the router will probably drop and then reconnect or sit forever at the progress bar
- A quick way to reconnect is to unplug the network cable and plug it in again
- Close your web browser and reopen it to http://<IP_ADDRESS>/
- Wireless tab
- sub-tab Basic Settings
- Wireless Mode = Repeater
- Wireless Network Mode = G-Only (if remote supports G speed, otherwise use Mixed)
- Wireless Network Name (SSID) = SSID (name) of remote wireless access point spelled exactly and case sensitive
- Wireless Channel = ignore leave at whatever it already is
- Wireless SSID Broadcast = leave at Enable
- Sensitivity Range (ACK Timing) = leave at 2000
- Network Configuration = leave at Bridged
- Virtual Interfaces, click on Add
- Wireless Network Name (SSID) = whatever name you want for your computer to connect to
- Wireless SSID Broadcast = leave at Enabled
- AP Isolation = leave at Disabled
- Network Configuration = leaved at Bridged
- Click on Apply Settings (not Save)
- sub-tab Wireless Security
- Physical Interface wl0 SSID
- Security Mode = whatever settings remote network requires
- Virtual Interfaces wl0.1 SSID
- Security Mode = whatever settings you want your local wireless network to use
- I recommend WPA2 Personal
- Apply Settings (not Save)
- Status tab
- WAN sub-tab
- Verify that under Configuration Type, IP Address you have a valid IP address from the remote network
- Verify you have a Gateway and DNS
- It may take your router a couple of minutes to connect so just refresh the page
- Connect your computer to your local wireless network


Giving you a voice in the #OpenSource Tech community to inspire others
Why WeRockTech? There are so many great podcasts already out there, why another one? At WeRockTech we want to focus on people you can relate to in the Open Source tech community - people like you. There are so many new people joining great tech related communities and who could not be happier - we want their voices heard and to inspire others to join too.


| DOSE: |
360 mg |
oral |
DXM |
(liquid) |
DXM is perfect for spiritual, Shamanic work.
Extended, responsible usage leads to
1. Positive mindset.
2. Comfort and a sense of purpose and place in the universe.
3. A desire and will to fulfill my dreams
4. Major reduction in anxiety, fears.
5. More accurate perception of personality and self.
6. Desire to train physical and mental fitness.
7. Desire to DANCE and to train body to dance.
Tussin teaches that 'it's all in the mind' and that we choose positivity through taking action and through mind control.
Treat the event as a ritual and only perform when called by it.
Usage
1. Indoors, night, red or black lighting
2. Upbeat music with positive messages in the lyrics. Anything from Om Records such as Mushroom Jazz, Om Lounge, San Francisco Sessions, is perfect.
3. Water bottles.  Drink plenty.
4. Comfortable place to lie down in front of a good stereo. Blankets, many pillows. Or good lounge chair.
5. Tissues, lolly-pops, note pad and pens.
6. Sleeping masks
7. Comfortable clothes such as PJs.
Frequency
Once, twice, sometimes three times per month.
Occasionally two nights in a row if one night's journey ends with the compelling feeling that work has been left incomplete and must be continued immediately.
Runs in phases- After a time (varies, perhaps 1-3 months) one feels that after a series of trips a stage of work has been completed and no trips are necessary until called to it again. Restarting happens once you lose the feeling of being centered and you feel called to it again.
Consuming
1. Pour into champagne glasses.
2. To minimize discomfort of drinking we recommend having on hand cinammon Altoids, dried pinapple chunks, tea with honey and milk.
3. Pinch nose throughout drinking process.
4.
Side Effects
1. Some burping or gas.
2. Rare, brief nausea.
Rules
1. Only trip with people that you would consider bonding closely with.
2. Be prepared to communicate absolutely openly.
3. Recommended only for mature users. Must be willing to come face to face with one's true self. We recommend Tussin use only for self-help and growth even though growth and change are usually quite uncomfortable. The reward is that each growth step is cathartic and thus exhilarating.
Anxieties and tensions become avoidable with experience - Tussin demands obedience to its own rules. It channels me beautifully towards positivity yet it requires experience to understand what is being demanded. Tensions, discomforts and anxieties are signals for action and tell one of several things:
1. Something is on your mind and needs to be shared with the others present. Tussin does not allow me equivocation or ambiguity. I must discuss my issues directly without avoidance and beating around the bush.
2. I am having irrational fears. I eventually learned that Tussin forbids stinkin thinkin and that it will lead to spontaneous understanding of the causes of irrationality.
3. Best of all, bodily tensions can usually be turned into sheer pleasure by slowly beginning to move to the music and get the blood flowing, leading to spontaneous stretching and wiggling and eventually to dance. The more in shape I am (particularly through yoga and stretching) the more physical pleasure is experienced through dancing. Eventually, my body will beg to dance on Tussin and I must simply follow the pleasure inside the body and turn it into motion. (No rules apply to the dance - if the body feels like performing a silly walk then I go ahead and do it. Self-consciousness about movement during the dance deprives me of a beautiful, sensual experience.)
To our amusement, we have discovered that while it is impossible to walk normally, the urge is to crawl; by all means do this - nothing should be embarrasing while tripping. My body has complete coordination if I move rythmically from one place to another as though in a dance. Thus I find a groove any time I need to change location.
Dosage
1. We recommend one 4 ounce bottle of extra strength Tussin. This works out to 360mg. Don't forget that only the cough syrup with 1 and no more active ingredient - dextromethorphan hydrobromide - should be used.
2. Users with anxiety problems should take 5mg of Valium or equivalent as well. This eventually becomes unnecessary.
3. To maximize your trips you will need high grade marijuana. (The kind that costs 4 times more) One good drag early on is more than sufficient. Later, another drag should be used to send the trip to higher realms.
4. Some light alcohol usage can enhance the effects.
 Lie down comfortably and cover eyes with a sleeping mask, sunglasses or pillows. Total comfort is vital. For this stage some trippy music is perfect. (See our music suggestions at the end).
Nudity feels great but be wary of being cold - it can be difficult to realize that you are cold.
Warning
Do not fight the feeling that you are being pulled into a deeper trip. Every level of a Tussin trip has a purpose - every single level of a Tussin trip leads me toward positivity as long as I let it. Fighting against the Tussin experience or even trying to alter it's natural course is punished by discomfort. I must trust the experience and go with it.
A few music suggestions (all are dance music):
Algorhythm [Kog Transmissions]
Terry Francis - Architecture
X-Mix 4
Jimpster Presents Scrambled
The Morning After
Greetings from Plastic city
Da Minimal Funk 2
Sci-Fi level 2.2
Psychotrance 4
The Essential Mix - Boy George
Journey into Ambient Groove (series)
Cafe Del Mar (series)
Profound Sounds Vol. 1 Josh Wink
Time Space
Vapourspace Sweep
High Performance (instinct electronica)
anything from Om Records
We pray that you enjoy it as we do. It has been a gift for us.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Onnx Parser¶
-
class
tensorrt.
OnnxParser
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser, network: tensorrt.tensorrt.INetworkDefinition, logger: tensorrt.tensorrt.ILogger) → None¶ This class is used for parsing Onnx models into a TensorRT network definition
Variables: num_errors –
int
The number of errors that occurred during prior calls toparse()
Parameters: - network – The network definition to which the parser will write.
- logger – The logger to use.
-
__del__
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser) → None¶
-
__exit__
(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)¶ Destroy this object, freeing all memory associated with it. This should be called to ensure that the object is cleaned up properly. Equivalent to invoking
__del__()
-
__init__
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser, network: tensorrt.tensorrt.INetworkDefinition, logger: tensorrt.tensorrt.ILogger) → None¶ Parameters: - network – The network definition to which the parser will write.
- logger – The logger to use.
-
get_error
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser, index: int) → nvonnxparser::IParserError¶ Get an error that occurred during prior calls to
parse()
Parameters: index – Index of the error
-
parse
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser, model: str) → bool¶ Parse a serialized Onnx model into the TensorRT network. Note that a result of true does not guarantee that the operator will be supported in all cases (i.e., this function may return false-positives).
Parameters: model – The serialized Onnx model object. Returns: true if the model was parsed successfully
-
supports_operator
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxParser, op_name: str) → bool¶ Returns whether the specified operator may be supported by the parser.
Parameters: op_name – The name of the Onnx operator to check for support
-
tensorrt.
ErrorCode
¶ The type of parser error
Members:
SUCCESS
INTERNAL_ERROR
MEM_ALLOC_FAILED
MODEL_DESERIALIZE_FAILED
INVALID_VALUE
INVALID_GRAPH
INVALID_NODE
UNSUPPORTED_GRAPH
UNSUPPORTED_NODE
-
class
tensorrt.
ParserError
¶ -
code
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → tensorrt.tensorrt.ErrorCode¶ Returns: The error code
-
desc
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → str¶ Returns: Description of the error
-
file
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → str¶ Returns: Source file in which the error occurred
-
func
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → str¶ Returns: Source function in which the error occurred
-
line
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → int¶ Returns: Source line at which the error occurred
-
node
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.ParserError) → int¶ Returns: Index of the Onnx model node in which the error occurred
-
-
class
tensorrt.
OnnxPluginFactory
(self: tensorrt.tensorrt.OnnxPluginFactory, logger: tensorrt.tensorrt.ILogger) → None¶ This plugin factory handles deserialization of the plugins that are built into the ONNX parser. Engines with legacy plugin layers built using the ONNX parser must use this plugin factory during deserialization.
Parameters: logger – The logger to use.


CAPTCHA, short for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, is explicitly designed to prevent automation, so don’t try! There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks:
Whilst it is possible to start a download by clicking a link with a browser under Selenium's control, the API does not expose download progress, making it less than ideal for testing downloaded files. This is because downloading files is not considered an important aspect of emulating user interaction with the web platform. Instead, find the link using Selenium (and any required cookies) and pass it to a HTTP request library like libcurl.
For some browser configurations in Selenium RC,
Selenium acted as a proxy between the browser
and the site being automated.
This meant that all browser traffic passed through Selenium
could be captured or manipulated.
The captureNetworkTraffic()
method
purported to capture all of the network traffic between the browser
and the site being automated,
including HTTP response codes.
Selenium WebDriver is a completely different approach to browser automation, preferring to act more like a user and this is represented in the way you write tests with WebDriver. In automated functional testing, checking the status code is not a particularly important detail of a test's failure; the steps that preceded it are more important.
The browser will always represent the HTTP status code, imagine for example a 404 or a 500 error page. A simple way to “fail fast” when you encounter one of these error pages is to check the page title or content of a reliable point (e.g. the <h1> tag) after every page load. If you are using the page object model, you can include this check in your class constructor or similar point where the page load is expected. Occasionally, the HTTP code may even be represented in the browser's error page and you could use WebDriver to read this and improve your debugging output.
Checking the webpage itself is in line with WebDriver's ideal practice of representing and asserting upon the user’s view of the website.
If you insist, an advanced solution to capturing HTTP status codes is to replicate the behaviour of Selenium RC by using a proxy. WebDriver API provides the ability to set a proxy for the browser, and there are a number of proxies that will programmatically allow you to manipulate the contents of requests sent to and received from the web server. Using a proxy lets you decide how you want to respond to redirection response codes. Additionally, not every browser makes the response codes available to WebDriver, so opting to use a proxy allows you to have a solution that works for every browser.
For multiple reasons, logging into sites like Gmail and Facebook using WebDriver is not recommended. Aside from being against the usage terms for these sites (where you risk having the account shut down), it is slow and unreliable.
The ideal practice is to use the APIs that email providers offer, or in the case of Facebook the developer tools service which exposes an API for creating test accounts, friends and so forth. Although using an API might seem like a bit of extra hard work, you will be paid back in speed, reliability, and stability. The API is also unlikely to change whereas webpages and HTML locators change often and require you to update your test framework.
Logging in to third party sites using WebDriver at any point of your test increases the risk of your test failing because it makes your test longer. A general rule of thumb is that longer tests are more fragile and unreliable.
WebDriver implementations that are
W3C conformant
also annotate the navigator
object
with a webdriver
property
so that Denial of Service attacks can be mitigated.
A common idea and misconception about automated testing is regarding a specific test order. Your tests should be able to run in any order, and not rely on other tests to complete in order to be successful.
Performance testing using Selenium and WebDriver is generally not advised. Not because it is incapable but because it is not optimised for the job and you are unlikely to get good results.
It may seem ideal to performance test in the context of the user but a suite of WebDriver tests are subjected to many points of external and internal fragility which are beyond your control; for example browser startup speed, speed of HTTP servers, response of third party servers that host JavaScript or CSS, and the instrumentation penalty of the WebDriver implementation itself. Variation at these points will cause variation in your results. It is difficult to separate the difference between the performance of your website and the performance of external resources, and it is also hard to tell what the performance penalty is for using WebDriver in the browser, especially if you are injecting scripts.
The other potential attraction is "saving time" — carrying out functional and performance tests at the same time. However, functional and performance tests have opposing objectives. To test functionality, a tester may need to be patient and wait for loading, but this will cloud the performance testing results and vice versa.
To improve the performance of your website, you will need to be able to analyse overall performance independent of environment differences, identify poor code practices, breakdown of performance of individual resources (i.e. CSS or JavaScript) in order to know what to improve. There are performance testing tools available that can do this job already, and which provide reporting and analysis which can even make improvement suggestions.
Example (open source) packages to use are: Jmeter ?
Using WebDriver to spider through links is not a recommended practice not because it cannot be done, but because it’s definitely not the most ideal tool. WebDriver needs time to start up, and can take several seconds up to a minute depending on how your test is written, just to get to the page and traverse through the DOM.
Instead of using WebDriver for this, you could save a ton of time by executing a curl command, or using a library such as BeautifulSoup since these methods don’t rely on creating a browser and navigating to a page. You are saving tonnes of time by not using WebDriver for this task.


Hero with image on the right
Codepen
Delete padding on the wrapper before adding component code here


| Blog Title | Author | Created at | Accept | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 |
| Project Title | Author | Created at | Accept | Delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 | ||
| Lost in Space | Katie Holmes | 04 Jun 2019 |


property Bitmaps: TBitmap32Collection;
Provides indexed access to contained TBitmap32Collection object. The total number of items may be obtained through collection's Count property.
[See also]:


& The Highest Score belongs to whom the questions asked will pose no doom.
& Guess away and time will stray--a score of 0 won't win the day.


Equation: function(x) { return [0.1 * x, 0.1 * x + Math.sin(x), 0.1*x + Math.cos(x)]; } Preset functions: (custom) Identity Sine Wave Taylor series Sawtooth
x range: to


Organization Group of High-Skilled Developers
Top Programming Lab or TPL is an organization group of high-skilled developers.
No Message right now
Dohyun Kim
Founder of TPL
Jinho Kim
Staff
© Copyright Top Programming Lab. All Rights Reserved.


{% extends 'ta_app/base.html' %} {% block content %}
The link you followed may be broken, or the page may have been removed.


formControl.disable()
)
Import an Angular module for forms and
TuiInputPasswordModule
in the same module where
you want to use our component:
Declare a form (FormGroup
) or a control
(FormControl
) in your component:
Add to the template:
Optionally use the
TUI_INPUT_PASSWORD_OPTIONS
injection token to
override the default options for the component.


Eeny Meeny Miny Moe
Take Picture
Upload Picture
Help
If you need help, Talk to a professional
Or you can wait on the Tutorial!
<-- Go back!


By enabling the payment history, residents will be able to see what {{ $ctrl.payPeriodName }} they're paying for. As payments are made, this chart will be automatically updated. Be certain to have at least each unit's most recent payment recorded because that is how residents will know what payment they're making next.
| {{ period.name }} | |
|---|---|
|
{{ unit.name }}
{{ owner.name ? owner.name : " " }}
|
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
|
| {{ payer.name }} |
{{ payment.amount | currency }}
|
| Sum: | {{ $ctrl.getPaymentSumForPayPeriod( $index ) | currency }} |


--- layout: page title: "404" description: "File Not Found" id: "fileNotFound" header-img: "img/headers/code.jpg" permalink: /404.html ---
The page you are looking for could not be found. It may have been removed, had its name changed, or its temporarily unavailable. Either way it probably means that I messed something up, my apologies.


A mountain is a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak.[1] A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges
A mountain is a large landform that rises above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak.[1] A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges


Statistics Probability Theory Statistical Inference (Part1) Statistical Inference (Part2) Monte Carlo Method and Markov Chain Metropolis-Hastings Sampling Gibbs Sampling MCMC Application with Bayesian Inference Confusion Matrix Machine Learning Linear Regression Logistic Regression Naive Bayes Classifier LDA/QDA and KNN Decision Tree Random Forest AdaBoost PCA Comparison Between PCA and SVD Gradient Boosting Machine EM Algorithm Support Vector Machine (1) Support Vector Machine (2) Loss Function in ML XGBoost (1) XGBoost (2) Deep Learning Basic Neural Network Structure How to Improve Neural Networks (1) How to Improve Neural Networks (2) Convolution Neural Network Neural Style Transfer Face Verification and Recognition Object Detection Recurrent Neural Networks (Including LSTM and GRU) LSTM Input and Output Attention Model Programming Split-Apply-Combine in R Split-Apply-Combine in Python Spark Learning Notes (1) - Spark Core Spark Learning Notes (2) - Spark SQL Spark Learning Notes (3) - Spark MLlib Virtual Environment in Python Others Recommendation Engine Git Learning Notes


--- layout: post date: 2010-06-17 time: "09:00:00" authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: Let's Try That Again tags: ["Content"] ---
Thanks to everyone for their feedback on our first attempt at a lecture on regular expressions. Our second attempt [no longer online] is now up for your viewing pleasure: it's about ten minutes long, and uses data scrubbing to motivate the use of REs. As always, we'd be grateful for suggestions.


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This field cannot be longer than 255 characters.
This field cannot be longer than 4095 characters.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
We just need to install some sensible defaults before you get going


Thomas Cook saviour Hays creates 1,500 new jobs
The company will also take on 737 apprentices, one for each of its branches across the UK, and 200 new posts at its head office in Sunderland
by James Rodger, https://www.facebook.com/jamesrodgerjournalistThe family-run business that bought Thomas Cook's high street stores after the tour operator collapsed will take on 1,500 new staff to help it fill its new stores, and provide back-up at its Sunderland headquarters.
Hays Travel, run by husband-and-wife pair John and Irene Hays, said it was looking for 500 new currency exchange staff at the new shops.
The company will also take on 737 apprentices, one for each of its branches across the UK, and 200 new posts at its head office in Sunderland.
"We have always recruited, supported and developed young people - they are the future of our industry. We are looking forward to expanding our apprenticeship programme and making sure there's at least one travel apprentice on most of the UK's high streets," Mr Hays said.
Hays said it had offered permanent jobs to 2,330 former employees of Thomas Cook and has opened 450 of the failed agent's stores since buying them out of administration.
"The former Thomas Cook managers have said the biggest difference for them is being empowered and valued - as an independent travel agent they are not tied to certain products or scripts and they feel trusted," Mr Hays said.
It marks a remarkable growth spurt for Hays Travel, which will have 5,700 employees after the recruitment drive ends. It employed around a third of that just two months ago.
Hays surprised many in October when it said it was taking charge of all of Thomas Cook's 555 travel agents across the UK, saving thousands of staff from losing their jobs.
It came after the 178-year-old firm went out of business in late September, months after reporting a £1.5 billion loss.
The collapse sparked calls from MPs to berate former bosses at the company.
Former chief executive Peter Fankhauser told a Commons' Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee hearing he was "deeply sorry" for the company's fate.


Cobham buyer Advent 'mulls £2.5bn float of industrials firm Rubix'
by Alex DanielThe private equity giant which is in the process of buying British defence firm Cobham for £4bn is said to be mulling a float of another of its UK assets.
Advent International, the US investment firm, has reportedly hired advisers to prepare the stock market debut of Rubix Group, a distributor of industrial repair kits, that could give it a value of more than £2.5bn.
An initial public offering (IPO) would most likely take place next year, however Advent’s potential exit from Rubix could also attract firms looking to buy it instead.
Advent bought Brammer in late 2016, before merging it with French firm IPH and renaming it Rubix in 2018.
The news was first reported by Sky News.
More to follow.


| expect_deprecated {lifecycle} | R Documentation |
These functions are equivalent to testthat::expect_warning()
and
testthat::expect_error()
but check specifically for lifecycle
warnings or errors.
To test whether a deprecated feature still works without causing a
deprecation warning, set the lifecycle_verbosity
option to
"quiet"
.
test_that("feature still works", { withr::local_options(lifecycle_verbosity = "quiet") expect_true(my_deprecated_function()) })
expect_deprecated(expr, regexp = NULL, ...) expect_defunct(expr)
expr |
Expression that should produce a lifecycle warning or error. |
regexp |
Optional regular expression matched against the expected warning message. |
... |
Arguments passed on to
|
expect_deprecated()
sets the lifecycle_verbosity
option to "warning"
to enforce deprecation warnings which are
otherwise only shown once every 8 hours.


The name of the connection configured for your application. If null, it will redirect to the Auth0 Login Page and show the Login Widget.
'page'
: displays the UI with a full page view'popup'
: displays the UI with a popup window'touch'
: displays the UI in a way that leverages a touch interface'wap'
: displays the UI with a "feature phone" type interfacePreviously issued ID Token.
The Id of an invitation to accept. This is available from the user invitation URL that is given when participating in a user invitation flow.
The user's email address or other identifier. When your app knows which user is trying to authenticate, you can provide this parameter to pre-fill the email box or select the right session for sign-in.
This currently only affects the classic Lock experience.
Maximum allowable elasped time (in seconds) since authentication. If the last time the user authenticated is greater than this value, the user must be reauthenticated.
The Id of an organization to log in to.
This will specify an organization
parameter in your user's login request and will add a step to validate
the org_id
claim in your user's ID Token.
'none'
: do not prompt user for login or consent on reauthentication'login'
: prompt user for reauthentication'consent'
: prompt user for consent before processing request'select_account'
: prompt user to select an accountThe default scope to be used on authentication requests. The defaultScope defined in the Auth0Client is included along with this scope
Provides a hint to Auth0 as to what flow should be displayed. The default behavior is to show a login page but you can override this by passing 'signup' to show the signup page instead.
This only affects the New Universal Login Experience.
The space-separated list of language tags, ordered by preference.
For example: 'fr-CA fr en'
.
The default audience to be used for requesting API access.


|
e-puck
1.0
|
Manage the LEDs.
A little exemple for the LEDs (all the LEDs are blinking)
More...
Functions | |
| void | e_set_led (unsigned int led_number, unsigned int value) |
| turn on/off the specified LED More... | |
| void | e_set_body_led (unsigned int value) |
| turn on/off the body LED More... | |
| void | e_set_front_led (unsigned int value) |
| turn on/off the front LED More... | |
| void | e_led_clear (void) |
| turn off the 8 LEDs More... | |
Manage the LEDs.
A little exemple for the LEDs (all the LEDs are blinking)
| void e_led_clear | ( | void | ) |
turn off the 8 LEDs
The e-puck has 8 green LEDs. This function turn all off.
| void e_set_body_led | ( | unsigned int | value | ) |
turn on/off the body LED
The e-puck has a green LED that illuminate his body. With this function, you can change the state of this LED.
| value | 0 (off), 1 (on) otherwise change the state |
| void e_set_front_led | ( | unsigned int | value | ) |
turn on/off the front LED
The e-puck has a red LED in the front. With this function, you can change the state of this LED.
| value | 0 (off), 1 (on) otherwise change the state |
| void e_set_led | ( | unsigned int | led_number, |
| unsigned int | value | ||
| ) |
turn on/off the specified LED
The e-puck has 8 green LEDs. With this function, you can change the state of these LEDs.
| led_number | between 0 and 7 |
| value | 0 (off), 1 (on) otherwise change the state |


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Creative Tim is a startup that creates design tools that make the web development process faster and easier. We love the web and care deeply for how users interact with a digital product. We power businesses and individuals to create better looking web projects around the world.
We have created the tools that will help you in your next design project. From plugins to complex kits, we've got you covered in all areas regarding front-end development.
Everything that we used to create our platform can be downloaded for free and guess what, people love free stuff. People have already trusted and used them in thousands of sites.
We've sponsored many hackatons around the world with the tools that they need to make awesome web applications. We like to help where we can, and our tools go hand in hand with startups.
Check out the most popular freebies from our platform. We would love to hear your feedback.
Material Dashboard is a free Material Bootstrap Admin with a fresh, new design inspired by Google's Material Design
Live View Free DownloadMaterial Kit is a Free Bootstrap UI Kit with a fresh, new design inspired by Google's material design. You asked for it, so we built it. It's a great pleasure to introduce...
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Live View Free DownloadCheck out these UI Tools, they will speed up your development process for sure!
Start Your Development With A Badass Bootstrap UI Kit inspired by Material Design. If you like Google's Material Design, you will love this kit!
More DetailsGaia is a multi-page Bootstrap Template designed to be easy to use and stylish. If you are trying to create a new website, presentation page or blog, this is definitely a great fit for you.
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Finding a website with a vast purpose is always inspiring to continue front web development. But you did Magic my friends. Keep going and be sure if there is a donation, I'm in. Thanks for your daily hardworking. hope to meet u guys one day.
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Cookbook
>> Modals
Here is a list of recipes that demonstrate various types of modals.
Basic Modal
A basic modal centered on the screen using flexbox.


Info
This set of buttons can take data from an HTML table and manipulate it in different ways.
They can create CSV/Excel/PDF files, copy the data to the clip board (tab delimited) and print the table.
These buttons were originally designed to work the <mrp-table> but have been adapted so they can work with standard HTML tables as well.
Eventually the Copy, Print and PDF button will work with other kinds of elements.
These buttons can also be set to work a 2D array of strings. Using the Data Broker (see Brokers) you can setup the button to read a 2D array of string and perform the same options as if it was pointing to an HTML table.
{{> rowHeader title='Butons With Table'}}
|
|
{{> MRP_ButtonSet_code1}}
|
| {{> MRP_ButtonSet_Table}} |
{{> MRP_Tabel_Code}} |
{{> midRowHeader title='Butons With Data Broker'}}
|
|
{{> MRP_ButtonSet_code1}}
|
{{>MRPButtonSet_events}}
{{>MRPButtonSet_PropTable}}
{{>MRPButtonSet_TODO}}
Code
<mrp-csv-button data-selector="#tableID"></mrp-csv-button>
<mrp-excel-button data-selector="#tableID"></mrp-excel-button>
<mrp-copy-button data-selector="#tableID"></mrp-copy-button>
<mrp-print-button data-selector="#tableID"></mrp-print-button>
<mrp-pdf-button data-selector="#tableID"></mrp-pdf-button>
Code
<table id='tableID' class="dataTable">
*** Normal HTML Table Code ***
</table>
| Company |
Contact |
Country |
| Alfreds Futterkiste |
Maria Anders |
Germany |
| Centro comercial Moctezuma |
Francisco Chang |
Mexico |
| Ernst Handel |
Roland Mendel |
Austria |
| Island Trading |
Helen Bennett |
UK |
| Laughing Bacchus Winecellars |
Yoshi Tannamuri |
Canada |
| Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti |
Giovanni Rovelli |
Italy |
Events
The buttons are <mrp-buttons> so their events are the same. These buttons have an extra ability where they can trigger a Data Call (see Brokers). Simply create a listener and return a 2D array of strings.
Sample Listener
var tableData = [];
tableData.push(['Order Date','Region','Rep','Total']);
tableData.push(['1/6/2016','East','Jones','189.05']);
tableData.push(['1/23/2016','Central','Kivell','999.50']);
DataBroker.listen("GetSampleData",tableData, function(listenerArgs, triggerArgs){
return listenerArgs;
})
Properties For All
| Name |
Type |
Description |
{{> property name='id' type='String' description='The ID of the element.'}}
{{> property name='data-call' type='String' description='The dataCall this button can use to get the table element, used with and can be used when creating custom elements.'}}
{{> property name='data-selector' type='String' description='The jQuery selector to get the table object.'}}
Properties For <mrp-copy>
| Name |
Type |
Description |
{{> property name='alert-title' type='String' description='The title of the alert the will pop up after the data has been copied to the clipboard.'}}
{{> property name='alert-message' type='String' description='The message of the alert the will pop up after the data has been copied to the clipboard.'}}
Properties For <mrp-csv>, <mrp-excel>
| Name |
Type |
Description |
{{> property name='file-name' type='String' description='The name of the file that will be created and downloaded.'}}
Properties For <mrp-pdf>
| Name |
Type |
Description |
{{> property name='file-name' type='String' description='The name of the file that will be created and downloaded.'}}
{{> property name='page-orientation' type='String' description='Determines if the page will be portrait or landscape.'}}
{{> property name='page-size' type='String' description='A string value that represents the size of the page. The default is A5.'}}
{{> property name='styles' type='object' description='A complicated object the helps to style the object see http://pdfmake.org for more details.'}}
<mrp-pdf> uses pdfmake to build the pdf files. see pdfmake for more information. Note: not all functions of pdfmake
have been implemented.
TODO
- print button doesn't have table borders
- move copy button to far left and first in code
- change the copy button to listen to the alert_closed Message
- Add in better error handling (if selector/call don't actually point to anything)
- update Print, PDF to work better with larger tables
- update Copy, Print, PDF to work with other basic HTML tags and divs