Terrifying crash in Illinois dubbed 'miracle on ice'
2 troopers were helping stranded motorist
by CNNThree people narrowly escaped a box truck that crashed while they were on the side of an Illinois highway.
Three people narrowly escaped a box truck that crashed while they were on the side of an Illinois highway.


---
layout: main
title: Jingles writes about Machine Learning & Neuroscience
excerpt: Hong Jing is a data scientist & Alibaba PhD student, write about Machine Learning & Neuroscience
---
{% if page.url == "/" %}
{% endif %}
{% for post in paginator.posts %}
{% if post.show_homepage != false %}
{% include post_card.html %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}


Static code analysis is the process of detecting errors and defects in software's source code.
Static analysis can be viewed as an automated code review process. Let's speak on the code review now.
Code review is one of the oldest and safest methods of defect detection. It deals with joint attentive reading of the source code and giving recommendations on how to improve it. This process reveals errors or code fragments that can become errors in future. It is also considered that the code's author should not give explanations on how a certain program part works. The program's execution algorithm should be clear directly from the program text and comments. If it is not so, the code needs improving.
The code review usually works well because programmers can notice errors in somebody else's code much easier than in their own's. To learn more about the code review method, please see a wonderful book "Code Complete" by Steve McConnell [1].
The only crucial disadvantage of the joint code review method is an extremely high price: you need to gather several programmers at regular times to review a fresh code or re-review a code after recommended changes have been applied to it. The programmers also need to have a rest regularly, as their attention might quickly weaken if they review large code fragments at a time, so there will be no use of code review then.
It appears that - on the one hand - you want to review your code regularly. On the other hand, it is too expensive. Static code analysis tools are a compromise solution. They can tirelessly handle source texts of programs and give recommendations to the programmer on what code fragments he/she should consider. Of course, a program can never replace complete code review performed by a team of programmers, but the ratio use/price makes usage of static analysis a rather good practice exploited by many companies.
The tasks solved by static code analysis software can be divided into 3 categories:
- Detecting errors in programs. We will speak on that in detail further.
- Recommendations on code formatting. Some static analyzers allow you to check if the source code corresponds to the code formatting standard accepted in your company. We mean control of the number of indents in various constructs, use of spaces/tabs and so on.
- Metrics computation. Software metrics are a measure that lets you get a numerical value of some property of software or its specifications. There are lots of various metrics that can be computed with the help of certain tools.
There are also
other ways of using static code analysis tools. For instance, static analysis can be used as a method to control and teach new workers who are not yet familiar enough with the company's programming rules.
There are a lot of commercial and free static code analyzers. The Wikipedia website contains a large list of static analyzers:
List of tools for static code analysis. The list of languages static code analyzers support is great too (C, C++, C#, Java, Ada, Fortran, Perl, Ruby, ...).
Like any other error detection methodology, static analysis has its strong and weak points. You should understand that there are no ideal software testing methods. Different methods will produce different results for different software classes. Only combining various methods will enable you to achieve the highest quality of your software.
The main advantage of static analysis is this: it enables you to greatly reduce the price of eliminating defects in software. The earlier an error is detected, the lower the price to fix it. Thus, according to the data given in the book "Code Complete" by McConnell, fixing an error at the stage of testing costs ten times more than at the code writing stage:
Figure 1. An average cost of fixing defects depending on the time they have been made and detected (the data for the table are taken from the book "Code Complete" by S. McConnell).
Static analysis tools allow you to quickly detect a lot of errors of the coding stage, which significantly reduces the cost of development of the whole project. For example, the PVS-Studio static code analyzer can run in background right after compilation is done and tell the programmer about potential errors if there are any (see
incremental analysis mode).
Other static code analysis' advantages are the following:
- Full code coverage. Static analyzers check even those code fragments that get control very rarely. These code fragments usually cannot be tested through other methods. It allows you to find defects in exception handlers or in the logging system.
- Static analysis doesn't depend on the compiler you are using and the environment where the compiled program will be executed. It allows you to find hidden errors that can reveal themselves only a few years later. For instance, these are undefined behavior errors. Such errors can occur when switching to another compiler version or when using other code optimization switches. Another interesting example of hidden errors is discussed in the article "Overwriting memory - why?".
- You can easily and quickly detect misprints and consequences of Copy-Paste usage. Detecting these errors through other methods is usually a too inefficient waste of time and efforts. It's a pity when you have spent an hour on debugging just to find out that the error is in an expression of the "strcmp(A, A)"-kind. People usually don't remember such troubles when discussing typical errors. But practice shows that it takes much time to detect them.
Static code analysis' disadvantages
- Static analysis is usually poor regarding diagnosing memory leaks and concurrency errors. To detect such errors you actually need to execute a part of the program virtually. It is too difficult to implement. Such algorithms take too much memory and processor time. Static analyzers usually limit themselves to diagnosing simple cases. A more efficient way to detect memory leaks and concurrency errors is to use dynamic analysis tools.
- A static analysis tool warns you about odd fragments. It means that the code can actually be quite correct. It is called false-positive reports. Only the programmer can understand if the analyzer points to a real error or it is just a false positive. The necessity to review false positives takes work time and weakens attention to those code fragments that really contain errors.
Errors detected by static analyzers are rather diverse. Here is, for example,
the list of diagnostics implemented in the PVS-Studio tool. Some analyzers focus on a certain area or type of defects, while others support certain coding standards, for instance, MISRA-C:1998, MISRA-C:2004, Sutter-Alexandrescu Rules, Meyers-Klaus Rules, etc.
The sphere of static analysis is actively developing; new diagnostic rules and standards appear, while some rules get obsolete. That's why there is no sense in trying to compare analyzers on the basis of defects they can detect. The only way to compare tools is to check them on a set of projects and count the number of real errors they have found. This subject is discussed in detail in the article "
Difficulties of comparing code analyzers, or don't forget about usability".
Examples of errors detected by static code analysis
Myths about static analysis
References
- Steve McConnell, "Code Complete, 2nd Edition" Microsoft Press, Paperback, 2nd edition, Published June 2004, 914 pages, ISBN: 0-7356-1967-0.
- Wikipedia. Static code analysis.
- Coverity. A Few Billion Lines of Code Later: Using Static Analysis to Find Bugs in the Real World.
- By Walter W. Schilling, Jr. and Mansoor Alam. "Integrate static analysis into a software development process".
- Criticism. Mark Dixon. Top five reasons not to use static analysis.


The animation theme can be viewed as a game the students must pass through.
Try it out here: The Game
Works best in 16:9 fullscreen.


{# templates/image/images_for_one_organization.html #}
{% extends "template_base.html" %}
{% block title %}
{% if organization_we_vote_id %}Org we_vote_id: {{ organization_we_vote_id }}
{% else %}No Voter Found {% endif %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
< Back to Organization List Analysis
< Back to Cache images locally for all organizations
| We Vote ID | display_kind_of_image | we_vote_image_url | ||
| {{ forloop.counter }} | {{ one_image_row.organization_we_vote_id }} | {{ one_image_row.display_kind_of_image }} / {{ one_image_row.display_image_size }} | {% if one_image_row.display_image_size != "original" %} {# Don't show image if too big #} {% endif %} | {% if one_image_row.we_vote_image_url %} {{ one_image_row.we_vote_image_url }} {% else %}{% endif %} |
(no organization images found)
{% endif %}


{# Copyright 2023 Google LLC Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. #} {%- extends BASE_HTML -%} {% set main_id = 'place_list' %} {% set page_id = 'page-place_list' %} {% set title = 'Places' %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}


Only achieving Nirvana can free humanity from the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. But enlightenment can come from a being outside this cycle. Fulfillomatic allows us to experience zen in its truest form.


BrickHaven vineyards was founded by Steve Smith in 2013 with his wife Kimberly and son Colin. Steve and Kim share a passion for wine which has lead them to viniculture. Their home in Prior Lake served as ground zero for their grape experiment. This lead them to acquiring 2 additional fields making them the largest family owned vineyard in Minnesota. With grapes acquired from the University of Minnesota, Brickhaven farms has helped set the standard for grape production in an unforgiving climate.
Colin and Amanda married in September 2019 at the Four Oaks field. Soon they plan on moving into their newly built home near the Creekside field, along with their chocolate lab Murphy. Colin manages and operates BrickHaven vineyards.
Matt joined the team in () and has helped cultivate and manage operations across the entire production. Matt graduated from the University of Minnesota in Applied Plant Science, along with research and studies during time at the Horticulture Research Center (UofM).


Match Play. Double Match Point. How should Red play 65?
pips Red=147 White=137
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
Red could run with 22/11 but that leaves an even race where White has 14 shots at the blot.
Red’s better game plan is a blitz and 13/7*, 6/1* is the best move to achieve that.
13/8, 13/7* is not unreasonable but it leaves White with many more return shots (including hitting loose on his 3-pt).
Red’s better game plan is a blitz and 13/7*, 6/1* is the best move to achieve that.
13/8, 13/7* is not unreasonable but it leaves White with many more return shots (including hitting loose on his 3-pt).
1. Cubeful 2-ply 13/7* 6/1* Eq.: +0.002 0.501 0.152 0.005 - 0.499 0.177 0.008 2. Cubeful 2-ply 13/8 13/7* Eq.: -0.010 (-0.012) 0.495 0.140 0.007 - 0.505 0.178 0.006 3. Cubeful 2-ply 22/11 Eq.: -0.056 (-0.058) 0.472 0.052 0.001 - 0.528 0.110 0.002 4. Cubeful 2-ply 22/16 13/8 Eq.: -0.065 (-0.067) 0.467 0.068 0.002 - 0.533 0.127 0.002 5. Cubeful 2-ply 13/7*/2 Eq.: -0.085 (-0.087) 0.458 0.126 0.006 - 0.542 0.200 0.007


The functions in this package focus on analyzing case-control association studies involving a group of genetic variants. In particular, we are interested in modeling the outcome variable as a function of a multivariate genetic profile using Bayesian model uncertainty and variable selection techniques. The package incorporates functions to analyze data sets involving common variants as well as extensions to model rare variants via the Bayesian Risk Index (BRI) as well as haplotypes. Finally, the package also allows the incorporation of external biological information to inform the marginal inclusion probabilities via the iBMU.
| Version: | 4.12.1 |
| Depends: | MASS, msm, haplo.stats, R (≥ 2.14.0) |
| Published: | 2012-08-09 |
| Author: | Melanie Quintana |
| Maintainer: | Melanie Quintana <maw27.wilson at gmail.com> |
| License: | Unlimited |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | ChangeLog |
| In views: | Bayesian |
| CRAN checks: | BVS results |
| Reference manual: | BVS.pdf |
| Package source: | BVS_4.12.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: BVS_4.12.1.zip, r-release: BVS_4.12.1.zip, r-oldrel: BVS_4.12.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: BVS_4.12.1.tgz, r-oldrel: BVS_4.12.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | BVS archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BVS to link to this page.


|
{{ player._player.rank ==<PHONE_NUMBER>740991 ? "Unranked" : player._player.rank }} |
{{ player._player.name }} |
{{ player._player.team }} |
{{ player._player.pos }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.atBats : player._player.pitchingProjections.innings }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.runs : player._player.pitchingProjections.strikeouts }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.homeRuns : player._player.pitchingProjections.wins }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.rbi : player._player.pitchingProjections.era }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.steals : player._player.pitchingProjections.whip }} |
{{ player._player.hittingProjections ? player._player.hittingProjections.average : player._player.pitchingProjections.saves }} |


--- layout: post title: Ladies Who Lunch date: 2012-03-08 08:57:59.000000000 -08:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '1' author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: admin first_name: Carina C. last_name: Zon ---
Linkedin group: "Ladies Who Launch". The reference is even better if you're a musical theater fan.
Elaine Strich made it famous, but Patti LuPone's rendition is the killer.


{{ city_weather.city }}
{{ city_weather.temperature }}° C
{{ city_weather.description }}
Humidity: {{ city_weather.humidity }}%


A function to retrieve the system timezone on Unix systems which has been found to find an answer when 'Sys.timezone()' has failed. It is based on an answer by Duane McCully posted on 'StackOverflow', and adapted to be callable from R. The package also builds on Windows, but just returns NULL.
| Version: | 0.0.3 |
| Published: | 2016-11-05 |
| Author: | Dirk Eddelbuettel |
| Maintainer: | Dirk Eddelbuettel <edd at debian.org> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/eddelbuettel/gettz/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/gettz.html |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Materials: | README ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | gettz results |
| Reference manual: | gettz.pdf |
| Package source: | gettz_0.0.3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: gettz_0.0.3.zip, r-release: gettz_0.0.3.zip, r-oldrel: gettz_0.0.3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: gettz_0.0.3.tgz, r-oldrel: gettz_0.0.3.tgz |
| Old sources: | gettz archive |
| Reverse suggests: | anytime |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gettz to link to this page.


Common Server Generations and Third-Party Libraries
- Tomcat 6.0.33+ (WebSocket on Tomcat 7.0.47+ and 8.0)
- Jetty 7.5+ (WebSocket on Jetty 9.0 and 9.1)
- JBoss 6.1+ (WebSocket on WildFly 8.0)
- GlassFish 3.1+ (WebSocket on GlassFish 4.0)
- WebLogic 10.3.4+ (with JPA 2.0 patch applied)
- WebSphere <IP_ADDRESS>+ (with JPA 2.0 feature pack)
We generally support library versions <=3 years back
- Spring Framework 4.0: minimum versions ~ early 2011
- e.g. Hibernate 3.6+, EhCache 2.1+, Quartz 1.8+, Jackson 1.8+


Forumlae Highlighting Library Functions
- Source:
Methods
-
<static> getElementBySimpleXPath(xpath, doc) → {HTMLElement|undefined}
-
Finds an element by its simply XPath (something like /*[1]/*[3]/*[2]/*[2]/*[2]/*[2]/*[2])
Parameters:
Name Type Argument Default Description xpath
string Simple XPath to element. doc
HTMLElement <optional>
document Root node to start at. - Source:
Returns:
The element which is located at the given XPath, or undefined if it does not exist.- Type
- HTMLElement | undefined
-
<static> getPresentation(xpath, doc)
-
Gets the presentation MathML Element.
Parameters:
Name Type Argument Default Description xpath
string Simple XPath to element. doc
HTMLElement <optional>
document Root node to start at. - Source:
Returns:
-
<static> getSemantic(xpath, doc) → {HTMLElement|undefined}
-
Gets the semantic MathML Element.
Parameters:
Name Type Argument Default Description xpath
string Simple XPath to element. doc
HTMLElement <optional>
document Root node to start at. - Source:
Returns:
The element which is located at the given XPath, or undefined if it does not exist.- Type
- HTMLElement | undefined


Use cases available: 2, 3 & 4
For use case 2 & 3, the number of vehicle choices are: 3, 5 & 100
For use case 4, the number of location that driver MUST reach at the same time: 3 or 6


This interactive will allow you to enter a piecewise function and view its graph. While normally pieces are not allowed to overlap, this interactive allows them to overlap so you can make drawings.
To use:| Number of Pieces: | |
Once you're comfortable with piecewise notation, try the following exercises:


${_('A backup will be made of your database, posters, and config.')}
${_('Restore Backup of Watcher?')}
${_('Restoring a backup will overwrite your database, posters, and config. This cannot be undone. Watcher will automatically restart after backup has been restored.')}


Debug is used for console logging important information to developers to see values, errors, where we are in if/else
cases and so on.
It can take any number of comma separated arguments and print them out with several different methods.
It can be enabled either directly in the file by way of setting debug: true on instantiation, or by URL parameter
by using debug=ControlName.
Supported methods are:
log()
warn()
error()
info()
debug() // Some browsers consider this the same as .log()
table()
Importing and Instantiation
Add a local instance of Debug to your component by passing Debug() an object containing the default value of
debug and a name.
import { Debug } from '@flippydisk/tools';
const debug = new Debug({ debug: false, control: 'MyControl' });
Use
Add debug.log() inline to any of your scripts and the logger will print out the information to the console via the
method you choose. The logger will automatically display the Control name of the log you gave it in instantiation,
but it's also recommended to prefix your debug information with the name of the methods this particular logger is
currently in.
debug = new Debug({ debug: true, control: 'MyControl' });
Enable all debugging scripts by setting debug: true in debug.js:
this.options = {
debug: true, // `true` here will enable debugging in file mode for all your loggers
param: 'debug',
urlMode: 'Enabling URL Debug mode for',
fileMode: 'Enabling File Debug mode for',
concatenator: ':',
control: false,
};
Tests
debug.spec.js tests against all functions, objects, strings and boolean values to be defined, to be the correct
typeof, and their expected values to be what they should be.
Overview
Debug is used for console logging important information to developers to see values, errors, where we are in if/else cases and so on.
It can take any number of comma separated arguments and print them out with several different methods.
It can be enabled either directly in the file by way of setting
debug: true
on instantiation, or by URL parameter by usingdebug=ControlName
.Supported methods are:
// Some browsers consider this the same as .log()
Importing and Instantiation
Add a local instance of
Debug
to your component by passingDebug()
an object containing the default value ofdebug
and a name.Use
Add
debug.log()
inline to any of your scripts and the logger will print out the information to the console via the method you choose. The logger will automatically display the Control name of the log you gave it in instantiation, but it's also recommended to prefix your debug information with the name of the methods this particular logger is currently in.ex:
Output
Example use case: MyControl
Enable via URL parameter:
http://www.website.com?debug=MyControl
Enable all debugging scripts via URL parameter:
http://www.website.com?debug=All
Enable by setting
debug: true
on instantiation:Enable all debugging scripts by setting
debug: true
in debug.js:Tests
debug.spec.js
tests against all functions, objects, strings and boolean values to be defined, to be the correcttypeof
, and their expected values to be what they should be.


Sania Mirza Expresses Gratitude To Her Fans And Well-wishers For Their Birthday Wishes
by Karthik NairTennis News
Sania Mirza has expressed her gratitude to her fans and well-wishers who had wished her on her birthday; the tennis sensation had turned 33 on Friday
Written By Karthik Nair | Mumbai | Updated On: November 16, 2019 23:35 IST
Sania Mirza turned 33 on Saturday and wishes poured in for the tennis sensation from all corners of the world including, fans, celebrities i.e. members from the sports, cricketing and film fraternity. Sania was last seen on the tennis court back in September/October 2017 during China Open where she lost in the semifinals partnering Peng Shuai. She then missed the first few months of the 2018 season citing a knee injury. Now, after being out of action for more than two years, Mirza had announced that she will be making her comeback at the 2020 ASB Classic as a warm-up heading into the Australian Open early next year.
READ | Rafael Nadal: Full speech transcription after finishing the year as world number one
Sania Mirza thanks everyone for their wishes
Sania Mirza took to social media to thank everyone for their wishes. Among the people whom she thanked included the likes of former Indian all-rounder Yuvraj Singh and Bollywood actress Parineeti Chopra, etc. Here are some of them.
READ | Rafael Nadal closes season as World Number One for the fifth time
Sania Mirza's professional career and achievements
Sania Mirza is the only Indian female tennis player to break into the top 30 of the WTA Singles rankings. She is also the first Indian female tennis player to win a Grand Slam title in doubles. The Padma Bhushan awardee has won numerous accolades across her career including doubles titles at Wimbledon and the Australian Open. Sania and Switzerland's Martina Hingis formed a great team and are considered to be one of the best pairs in women's tennis history. In fact, until 2013, Sania was ranked No.1 with WTA rankings in both, singles and doubles category. The successful pair of Mirza and Hingis decided to split in August 2016 after a mutual decision among both the players citing their last few under-par performances back then. Meanwhile, Sania Mirza hopes for a good performance in next year's Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo.
READ | Zverev win at ATP Finals confirms Nadal exit
READ | Sania Mirza birthday: The tennis star's top 5 pics with son Izhaan Mirza Malik


| MapChina(main project) |
- Load all dlls and pmc when system launching
- Install windows hook to change system skin
- Load menu bar
- Create navigation bar on the left side of main interface
- Read configuration file
- Call SMG dlls(map engine) to draw map on map view
- Call interfaces defined in other dlls to fulfill some functionalities
|
MapChina.exe |
| Hawk Eye |
Look down the map from air (hawkeye map) |
HawkEye.pmc |
| Bus Route Search |
- Search bus routes of every city in China
- Input prompt for the beginning point and ending point
- Find out all buses available from beginning point to destionation and display in HTML file (available bus routes)
- Locate bus route on may when selecting (locate bus route on map)
|
Bus.pmc |
| Sqlite operation |
Wrap all sqlite database operations |
basic_script.dll |
| About |
System about module |
About.dll |
| Road Book |
- Design a road book in MapChina 2007
- Upload a road book to the internet server in LingTu Software
- Download a road book from the internet server in LingTu Software (download road book)
|
RoadMapDBMag.dll |
| RoadMap |
Encapsulate the interfaces of SMG dlls(map engine) which are used to draw map on map view |
RoadMapView.pmc |
| Route Design |
Design routes for some components like bus search, driving navigation etc. It contains the algorism of calculating a most appropriate route |
RouteDesign.pmc |
| System Skin |
- Change the skin of menu bar
- Change the skin of tool bar
- Change the skin of all dialogues
- Change the skin of all controls
|
SkinUI.dll |
| City Specialty |
- Search special food of a selected city
- Search shopping malls of a selected city
- Search entertainment places of a selected city
|
special.pmc |
| Train time table |
- Search available trains according to departure station and destination
- Search available trains according to station name. In other words, which trains pass this railway station
- Search available trains according to train number
- Input prompt for departure station, destination and station name
- Find out all available trains and display in HTML file (available train routes)
- Look up all stations of a selected train route (stations of a train route)
|
TrainTable.pmc |
| Travel Guidance |
- Scenic spot search (search view)
- Display all scenic spots which contain the key word (display spots)
- Display introduction of a scenic spot (introduction)
- Locate the scenic spot on map (locating)
|
travel.pmc |
| Update MapChina 2007 Online |
Update MapChina 2007 Online, replace some old version components with the latest version. In addition, update sqlite database or some configuration files |
Updater.pmc |


Default Scoreboard
- Default scoreboard. The default scoreboard displays the
total problem scores, followed by each individual problem score,
sorted in descending order by the total score.
Custom Scoreboards
- Custom scoreboards. Autograded assignments have the option
of creating custom scoreboards. You can specify your own custom
scoreboard using a JSON column specification.
- Column specification. The column spec consists of a "scoreboard"
object, which is an array of hashes, where each hash
describes a column. Each hash has a required "hdr:colname"
element.
- Example: Scoreboard with one column, called "Score":
{"scoreboard": [ {"hdr":"Score"} ] }
- Sort order. A custom scoreboard sorts the first three
columns, from left to right, in descending order. You can change the
default sort order for a particular column by adding an optional
"asc:1" element to its hash.
- Example: Scoreboard with two columns, "Score" and
"Ops", with "Score" sorted descending, and then "Ops" ascending:
{"scoreboard": [ {"hdr":"Score"}, {"hdr":"Ops", "asc":1} ] }
Custom Scoreboard Entries
- The values for each row in a custom scoreboard come directly from
a "scoreboard" array object in the autoresult string
produced by the autograder.
- Example: Autoresult returning the score (97) for a single autograded
problem called "autograded", and a scoreboard entry with two
columns: the autograded score ("Score") and the number of operations
("Ops"):
{"scores": {"autograded":97}, "scoreboard":[97, 128] }
Note to CMU instructors: If you are configuring your scoreboard
by overloading functions in the lab.rb file, then the banner and
column specification on the "Admin scoreboard" page will be ignored.
|


So, why measure toy benchmark programs?
You don't have time to inspect the source code of real applications to check that different implementations are kind-of comparable. Is it really the same program when written in different programming languages?
You do have time to inspect 100-line programs. You do have time to write 100-line programs. You still might have something to learn from how other people write 100-line programs.
Non-motivation: We are profoundly uninterested in claims that these measurements, of a few tiny programs, somehow define the relative performance of programming languages.


The complex packages provides a complex number type as well as complex versions of common transcendental functions and complex number formatting.
Complex provides a complex number type that forms the basis for the complex functionality found in commons-math.
Complex functions and arithmetic operations are implemented in commons-math by applying standard computational formulas and following the rules for java.lang.Double arithmetic in handling infinite and NaN values. No attempt is made to comply with ANSII/IEC C99x Annex G or any other standard for Complex arithmetic. See the class and method javadocs for the Complex and ComplexUtils classes for details on computing formulas.
To create a complex number, simply call the constructor passing in two floating-point arguments, the first being the real part of the complex number and the second being the imaginary part:
Complex c = new Complex(1.0, 3.0); // 1 + 3i
Complex numbers may also be created from polar representations using the polar2Complex method in ComplexUtils.
The Complex class provides basic unary and binary complex number operations. These operations provide the means to add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers along with other complex number functions similar to the real number functions found in java.math.BigDecimal:
Complex lhs = new Complex(1.0, 3.0); Complex rhs = new Complex(2.0, 5.0); Complex answer = lhs.add(rhs); // add two complex numbers answer = lhs.subtract(rhs); // subtract two complex numbers answer = lhs.abs(); // absolute value answer = lhs.conjugate(rhs); // complex conjugate
Complex also provides implementations of serveral transcendental functions involving complex number arguments. Prior to version 1.2, these functions were provided by ComplexUtils in a way similar to the real number functions found in java.lang.Math, but this has been deprecated. These operations provide the means to compute the log, sine, tangent, and other complex values :
Complex first = new Complex(1.0, 3.0); Complex second = new Complex(2.0, 5.0); Complex answer = first.log(); // natural logarithm. answer = first.cos(); // cosine answer = first.pow(second); // first raised to the power of second
Complex instances can be converted to and from strings using the ComplexFormat class. ComplexFormat is a java.text.Format extension and, as such, is used like other formatting objects (e.g. java.text.SimpleDateFormat):
ComplexFormat format = new ComplexFormat(); // default format Complex c = new Complex(1.1111, 2.2222); String s = format.format(c); // s contains "1.11 + 2.22i"
To customize the formatting output, one or two java.text.NumberFormat instances can be used to construct a ComplexFormat. These number formats control the formatting of the real and imaginary values of the complex number:
NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getInstance(); nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(3); nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(3); // create complex format with custom number format // when one number format is used, both real and // imaginary parts are formatted the same ComplexFormat cf = new ComplexFormat(nf); Complex c = new Complex(1.11, 2.2222); String s = format.format(c); // s contains "1.110 + 2.222i" NumberFormat nf2 = NumberFormat.getInstance(); nf.setMinimumFractionDigits(1); nf.setMaximumFractionDigits(1); // create complex format with custom number formats cf = new ComplexFormat(nf, nf2); s = format.format(c); // s contains "1.110 + 2.2i"
Another formatting customization provided by ComplexFormat is the text used for the imaginary designation. By default, the imaginary notation is "i" but, it can be manipulated using the setImaginaryCharacter method.
Formatting inverse operation, parsing, can also be performed by ComplexFormat. Parse a complex number from a string, simply call the parse method:
ComplexFormat cf = new ComplexFormat(); Complex c = cf.parse("1.110 + 2.222i");