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Class: Sprockets::Asset
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Inherits: | Object |
| Defined in: | lib/sprockets/asset.rb |
Class Method Summary
-
.new(attributes = {}) ⇒ Asset
constructor
Private: Initialize Asset wrapper from attributes Hash.
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#content_type
readonly
Public: Returns String MIME type of asset.
-
#filename
readonly
Public: Returns String path of asset.
-
#id
readonly
Internal: Unique asset object ID.
- #logical_path readonly
-
#metadata
readonly
Public: Metadata accumulated from pipeline process.
-
#uri
readonly
Public: Internal URI to lookup asset by.
Instance Method Summary
-
#==(other)
Alias for #eql?.
-
#base64digest
Public: Returns String base64 digest of source.
-
#bytesize
Alias for #length.
-
#charset
Public: Get charset of source.
-
#digest
Public: Returns String byte digest of source.
-
#digest_path
Public: Return logical path with digest spliced in.
-
#each {|to_s| ... }
Public: Add enumerator to allow
Asset
instances to be used as Rack compatible body objects. -
#environment_version
Private: Return the version of the environment where the asset was generated.
-
#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
(also: #==)
Public: Compare assets.
-
#etag
Pubic: ETag String of
Asset
. -
#full_digest_path
Public: Return load path + logical path with digest spliced in.
-
#hash
Public: Implements
Object#hash
so Assets can be used as a Hash key or in a Set. -
#hexdigest
Public: Returns String hexdigest of source.
-
#inspect
Public: Pretty inspect.
-
#integrity
Public: A “named information” URL for subresource integrity.
-
#length
(also: #bytesize)
Public: Returns Integer length of source.
-
#links
Public: Get all externally linked asset filenames from asset.
-
#source
Public: Return
String
of concatenated source. -
#to_hash
Internal: Return all internal instance variables as a hash.
-
#to_s
Public: Alias for #source.
-
#write_to(filename)
Deprecated: Save asset to disk.
Constructor Details
.new(attributes = {}) ⇒ Asset
Private: Initialize Asset wrapper from attributes Hash.
Asset
wrappers should not be initialized directly, only Environment#find_asset should vend them.
attributes - Hash of ivars
Returns Asset.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 17
def initialize(attributes = {}) @attributes = attributes @content_type = attributes[:content_type] @filename = attributes[:filename] @id = attributes[:id] @load_path = attributes[:load_path] @logical_path = attributes[:logical_path] @metadata = attributes[: ] @name = attributes[:name] @source = attributes[:source] @uri = attributes[:uri] end
Instance Attribute Details
#content_type (readonly)
Public: Returns String MIME type of asset. Returns nil if type is unknown.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 82
attr_reader :content_type
#filename (readonly)
Public: Returns String path of asset.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 47
attr_reader :filename
#id (readonly)
Internal: Unique asset object ID.
Returns a String.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 52
attr_reader :id
#logical_path (readonly)
[ GitHub ]# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 7
attr_reader :logical_path
#metadata (readonly)
Public: Metadata accumulated from pipeline process.
The API status of the keys is dependent on the pipeline processors itself. So some values maybe considered public and others internal. See the pipeline processor documentation itself.
Returns Hash.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 44
attr_reader :
#uri (readonly)
Public: Internal URI to lookup asset by.
NOT a publicly accessible URL.
Returns URI.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 59
attr_reader :uri
Instance Method Details
#==(other)
Alias for #eql?.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 210
alias_method :==, :eql?
#base64digest
Public: Returns String base64 digest of source.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 152
def base64digest DigestUtils.pack_base64digest(digest) end
#bytesize
Alias for #length.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 123
alias_method :bytesize, :length
#charset
Public: Get charset of source.
Returns a String charset name or nil if binary.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 115
def charset [:charset] end
#digest
Public: Returns String byte digest of source.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 126
def digest [:digest] end
#digest_path
Public: Return logical path with digest spliced in.
"foo/bar-37b51d194a7513e45b56f6524f2d51f2.js"
Returns String.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 66
def digest_path if DigestUtils.already_digested?(@name) logical_path else logical_path.sub(/\.(\w+)$/) { |ext| "-#{etag}#{ext}" } end end
#each {|to_s| ... }
Public: Add enumerator to allow Asset
instances to be used as Rack compatible body objects.
block
part - String body chunk
Returns nothing.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 168
def each yield to_s end
#environment_version
Private: Return the version of the environment where the asset was generated.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 131
def environment_version [:environment_version] end
#eql?(other) ⇒ Boolean
Also known as: #==
Public: Compare assets.
Assets are equal if they share the same path and digest.
Returns true or false.
#etag
Pubic: ETag String of Asset
.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 141
def etag version = environment_version if version && version != "" DigestUtils.hexdigest(version + digest) else DigestUtils.pack_hexdigest(digest) end end
#full_digest_path
Public: Return load path + logical path with digest spliced in.
Returns String.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 77
def full_digest_path File.join(@load_path, digest_path) end
#hash
Public: Implements Object#hash
so Assets can be used as a Hash key or in a Set.
Returns Integer hash of the id.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 198
def hash id.hash end
#hexdigest
Public: Returns String hexdigest of source.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 136
def hexdigest DigestUtils.pack_hexdigest(digest) end
#inspect
Public: Pretty inspect
Returns String.
#integrity
Public: A “named information” URL for subresource integrity.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 157
def integrity DigestUtils.integrity_uri(digest) end
#length Also known as: #bytesize
Public: Returns Integer length of source.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 120
def length [:length] end
#links
Public: Get all externally linked asset filenames from asset.
All linked assets should be compiled anytime this asset is.
Returns Set of String asset URIs.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 89
def links [:links] || Set.new end
#source
Public: Return String
of concatenated source.
Returns String.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 96
def source if @source @source else # File is read everytime to avoid memory bloat of large binary files File.binread(filename) end end
#to_hash
Internal: Return all internal instance variables as a hash.
Returns a Hash.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 33
def to_hash @attributes end
#to_s
Public: Alias for #source.
Returns String.
# File 'lib/sprockets/asset.rb', line 108
def to_s source end
#write_to(filename)
Deprecated: Save asset to disk.
filename - String target
Returns nothing.


You are about to transfer the NFT shown below.
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Using XML Canonicalization as the preprocessor for signature generation and verification has proved less than satisfactory. I think it's worth considering replacing C14N with something designed specifically for this role, with the benefit of hindsight wrt the problems that have been uncovered with the existing architecture.
In order to play the role of guaranteeing the integrity of a document, what must be signed? I think the right way to address this is to look at infoset items and properties. Here's a suggested set of things which must be covered:
Note in particular that no information about namespace bindings is required/involved here -- no prefixes, no namespace attributes, no in-scope namespaces.
The previous section doesn't really answer the question -- we need a byte sequence to digest, not a tree of abstract information items and properties. You could imagine as trivial an answer as "Treat the infoitem/property story as a simple object model, and serialize per e.g. JSON". That might be too easy an answer for some, and in particular it would be horribly inefficient wrt namespace names.
The alternative I think would be worth exploring would be a variant of XMill. This would massively reduce the redundancy, as well as possibly improving the quality of the digest produced.
I think Ed Simon's attitude is correct here -- if fidelity of prefixes in content is an issue, type-aware processing would be required to convert e.g. QNames and XPaths in content into an expanded-name form.
I think a new XML Signature WG should include in its charter exploring the possibility of replacing C14N completely in the signature architecture.


Ping-Pong will count up to your number from 1 with the following exceptions:1. Numbers divisible by 3 become "ping."2. Numbers divisible by 5 become "pong."3. Numbers divisible by 15 become "ping-pong."


A Personal Thought Experiment
When I was an undergraduate, a history major, I read a substantial amount. That’s what a history major at Loyola Univerity Maryland amounted to in the late 1990s: a reading, thinking, writing machine. I typically read and digested 200-300 pages per week for each of my seminars. I processed those assignments well enough to write about 10 pages in response to each of them.
Then my life started to come into regular contact with the internet. Starting in 2007-10, I can see that my life was getting more and more “connected” to the Internet but less and less connected to the habit of sustained, deep reflection and thought. My social life hasn’t suffered. I spend as much time with people as ever and, thanks in part to the Internet, a wider range of acquaintances and friends than ever before both in person and remotely. But my time in contemplation and study has, since at least 2010, lets say, collapsed.
That has to change. Now.
My spiritual directors have always encouraged me to dig back into prayer and meditation. Now I’m also reading Cal Newton’s book Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World. I’m increasingly convinced, convicted even, that I need to make a discipline of spending time in uninterrupted, disconnected study and contemplation of matters but spiritual and worldly. Here I will not go into the spiritual, but I do want to put out to the world this commitment. I hope that by doing so, my towering pride will force me to follow through lest I get teased and chided. Here’s the commitment, to go into effect the day I return home from my present business trip:
- Each weekday morning I will wake up 2 hours before the dog, at approximately 5:30 a.m.
- Each early morning, I will drink a glass of water, do some vigorous exercise, and then settle in for 90 minutes of reading and writing in an analog format: book or maybe a kindle or printouts, pen or pencil, and paper. No LCD screen. No Internet. No phone. I’ll transcribe anything worth sharing.
- I will spend this morning time in quiet without music, I’m thinking closed in my office where my desk is in the corner facing a wall.
- Then I will wake the lazy dog up and make him take a walk.
There are a lot of things I want to study:
- A new programming language (I think Julia, but tbd)
- Product management and the business of software development
- Personal finance
I’m going to do this for the end of October through the end of December, see how it goes, and see what are the fruits. I’ll report back here.
During this two month experiment, I’m also going to:
- Scale back on social media in the way that I do every year at Lent: 1/2 hour on Sundays, blackout the rest of the week.
- Block personal and work email checking to certain times of the day. I want to think through a schedule before committing to it.
- Block of web reading to a particular time of day, also TBD.
Naturally, I’ll need to be in bed by 10:00 or so to have a real shot at making this work.
I also have to figure out what to do about instant messages (my office uses Slack) so that I can be available but also have fewer distractions.
I could use advice and suggestions, if you please. This is new ground for me. Or maybe it’s old ground for me, that’s gotten overgrown and gone to waste with tree-sized weeds and dense brush.
Photo by Radu Florin on Unsplash


I've spent a lot of years doing a lot of drugs and all it comes down to in the end is they are all a waste of my time.
I started doing drugs by smoking pot in high school because a friendís mom smoked it all the time and asked us one day if we'd like to smoke some with her. So there we were 14 years old smoking dope with her mom. Well that was it once wasn't enough, we started buying it regularly and started to try any other substances we could find. Slowly we worked out way through everything. Before we knew what had happened to us we were snorting cocaine off of a dash board between classes. So high school continued on like this for us till we finally finished. Both barely finishing, but both on time.
Not having lived in my parents house since I was 17, I had nothing to stop me from doing what I liked at any given time. I had spent a fair amount of money I should have been paying my bills with on drugs. I got to the point I needed two jobs, one to pay my bills and one to pay for my drug habit. Originally the drugs were just for fun or to relax, now they were to survive.
I was no longer just smoking dope, or doing coke a few times a week. I had found myself a fancy new friend, and a boyfriend who sold it. I started to smoke meth when I was 18. It started as just doing it once in a while just for the hell of it. After a while of working two jobs I started using it all the time just to keep myself awake enough to be able to go to work. After using it long enough the fighting with said boyfriend started. All people fight yes, but we were fighting all the time!! We fought because of bills, because we'd spent too much on meth, we fought because of meth, we fought because we didn't have it.
I was down to the point that I had to smoke it to function. If I didn't smoke it I slept all day and missed work or family functions. I was mean to the people I love the most. I was not someone anyone wanted to be around. Meth had consumed my life!
On an average day I smoked a gram by myself. I didn't just smoke it either. If I was in a situation that I couldn't get away from for 10 minutes to smoke it, I went to the bathroom and would snort what I needed for enough time until I could sneak away again to do some more.
By this time I had sold anything I owned of value to support my habbit. I had lost more then once job because of my drug addiction. I had moved anything I had left back into my parents house but I didn't really live there. I lived a little bit of everywhere by then. I was to the point I was at someone else's house all the time. I spent a ton of time driving hook up's around just to score a free bag of gak.
I was getting to the end of the line with my drugs use not by choice. I could no longer support my habit. I didn't have a job I didn't have any money. I didn't have any friends. I didn't even have the boyfriend I had started with.
I had been in jail more then once, I had my house searched by the police, I had my vehicles searched as well. I had stolen money from my parents, I had drained my university fund, I had sold everything I owned almost.
Most people when they become bar age abuse that right... Not me. I spent my 19th birthday on a couch at some guys house passing around a pipe.
I had learned how to blow glass into pipes, where to get glass to make pipes and who I could steal from to get the glass.
It got to the point the cops knew exactly who I was and what I was up to at all times. No one I spent time with at this point wasn't a user. Everyone I hung out with used as much or more then me!

I sat at the same table with one of my closest friends one night and watched him die because of a drug overdose and there wasn't anything I could do about it, he was dead before the paramedics even got there.  Neither of these deaths made me even rethink what I was doing. I used more and more because it helped me forget about the pain I felt from losing them.
Once I was far enough down my parents thought it would be a good idea to go to detox.... After fighting and screaming and being throw in jail for a night because I had destroyed my parents house, I was thrown into detox against my will. Detox lasted a week the first time. After a week I was out and back to my old ways. My parents had told me unless I changed I was out on my own again and they wouldn't help me. I figured I had been on my own since I was 17 I'd be fine.... Well I wasn't! I was worse then ever before!
My life took a turn when I moved in with a friend in another province because they said that they had a place I could crash for a while and they knew a good connection. So away I went again. New place to live new drug dealing boyfriend new set of problems. I spent the next year or so living with these people I called my friends. Using and abusing the drugs I had come to love more then myself.
I had gone through job after job after job. I got a job stripping to make enough money to support my habit. Really classy job for someone who had been very shy and self conscious her whole life... But it made me good money and enough to keep me in drugs, at least for a little while.
My bubble was burst by the police forcing their way in to our house at 4:30 in the morning waking us all up and arresting and charging every single one of us. I got off on a technicality and that was just barely! So there I was in another province, just out of jail (if they had had more info on me I'd have been in jail for 2-5 years depending on what else they had and my past record!) So I called my mom to come get me. I spent the night sitting at the bus station waiting for someone I knew... At 6 am there was my dad to pick me up. I got in the truck not sure of what I was going to do but knowing I needed a pick me up.
Once back in the city I was born and raised in after the longest 8 hour drive of my life, I found gak one more time, I found what I wanted used it all at once and headed home. I got back to my parents house to screaming crying parents. It was at that point I was told this was it!  My options were laid out to be get the hell in the house because I was getting locked in the basement for as long as it took to make me clean no matter what! So there I was under house arrest worse then the police could have ever done. I was locked in my parents basement with nothing to do but wait it out.
After 3 months of not being able to go anywhere I was finally given the chance to leave my parents house again. After I was no longer a prisoner in my parents house I was made to see a councilor and it did help I'll admit though I hated going more then anything. I was put through weekly drug tests to make sure I was still clean for a year after. I have had a few urges to go out and smoke meth again but after everything I went through I realized it really isn't worth it, to gamble with that ever again!
This story may not sound that harsh, reading it over I find that it really doesn't sound that horrible because it's just simply words on a page... Yet when I put the memories of each moment with the words my body feels sick and disgusting even thinking about that time again.  I don't know how I got lucky enough to not end up like some of the people I knew.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


A basic Scatter chart using object instead of arrays
This goes in the documents header:
<script src="RGraph.common.core.js"></script>
<script src="RGraph.common.dynamic.js"></script>
<script src="RGraph.common.tooltips.js"></script>
<script src="RGraph.scatter.js"></script>
Put this where you want the chart to show up:
<canvas id="cvs" width="750" height="300">
[No canvas support]
</canvas>
This is the code that generates the chart - it should be placed AFTER the canvas tag(s):


pacmd
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: User
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
pacmd - Reconfigure a PulseAudio sound server during runtimeSYNOPSIS
pacmdDESCRIPTION
This tool can be used to introspect or reconfigure a running PulseAudio sound server during runtime. It connects to the sound server and offers a simple live shell that can be used to enter the commands also understood in the default.pa configuration scripts.This program takes no command line options.
AUTHORS
The PulseAudio Developers <mzchyfrnhqvb (at) 0pointer (dot) net>; PulseAudio is available from http://pulseaudio.org/SEE ALSO
pulseaudio(1), pactl(1), default.pa(5)
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:07 GMT, December 24, 2015


Perf Report:
Test (Frame #39)
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CUMULATIVE
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XYZAL - levocetirizine dihydrochloride tablet
XYZAL - levocetirizine dihydrochloride solution
Physicians Total Care, Inc.
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use XYZAL safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for XYZAL.
XYZAL (levocetirizine dihydrochloride)
5 mg tablets
2.5 mg/5 mL (0.5 mg/mL) oral solution
Initial U.S. Approval: 1995
RECENT MAJOR CHANGESINDICATIONS AND USAGEDOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHSCONTRAINDICATIONSWARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONSADVERSE REACTIONSThe most common adverse reactions (rate ≥2% and > placebo) were somnolence, nasopharyngitis, fatigue, dry mouth, and pharyngitis in subjects 12 years of age and older, and pyrexia, somnolence, cough, and epistaxis in children 6 to 12 years of age. In subjects 1 to 5 years of age, the most common adverse reactions (rate ≥2% and > placebo) were pyrexia, diarrhea, vomiting, and otitis media. In subjects 6 to 11 months of age, the most common adverse reactions (rate ≥3% and > placebo) were diarrhea and constipation. (6.1). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact UCB, Inc. at<PHONE_NUMBER> or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. DRUG INTERACTIONSEnter highlights text here (7) USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION. Revised: 5/2010 |
Enter section text here
XYZAL® is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older.
XYZAL is available as 2.5 mg/5 mL (0.5 mg/mL) oral solution and as 5 mg breakable (scored) tablets, allowing for the administration of 2.5 mg, if needed. XYZAL can be taken without regard to food consumption.
The recommended dose of XYZAL is 5 mg (1 tablet or 2 teaspoons [10 mL] oral solution) once daily in the evening. Some patients may be adequately controlled by 2.5 mg (1/2 tablet or 1 teaspoon [5 mL] oral solution) once daily in the evening.
The recommended dose of XYZAL is 2.5 mg (1/2 tablet or 1 teaspoon [5 mL] oral solution) once daily in the evening. The 2.5 mg dose should not be exceeded because the systemic exposure with 5 mg is approximately twice that of adults [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
The recommended initial dose of XYZAL is 1.25 mg (1/2 teaspoon oral solution) [2.5mL] once daily in the evening. The 1.25 mg once daily dose should not be exceeded based on comparable exposure to adults receiving 5 mg [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
In adults and children 12 years of age and older with:
No dose adjustment is needed in patients with solely hepatic impairment. In patients with both hepatic impairment and renal impairment, adjustment of the dose is recommended.
XYZAL oral solution is a clear, colorless liquid containing 0.5 mg of levocetirizine dihydrochloride per mL.
XYZAL tablets are white, film‑coated, oval-shaped, scored, imprinted (with the letter Y in red color on both halves of the scored tablet) and contain 5 mg levocetirizine dihydrochloride.
The use of XYZAL is contraindicated in:
Patients with known hypersensitivity to levocetirizine or any of the ingredients of XYZAL, or to cetirizine. Observed reactions range from urticaria to anaphylaxis [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Enter section text here
In clinical trials the occurrence of somnolence, fatigue, and asthenia has been reported in some patients under therapy with XYZAL. Patients should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness, and motor coordination such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle after ingestion of XYZAL. Concurrent use of XYZAL with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants should be avoided because additional reductions in alertness and additional impairment of central nervous system performance may occur.
Use of XYZAL has been associated with somnolence, fatigue, and asthenia [seeWarnings and Precautions (5.1)].
The safety data described below reflect exposure to XYZAL in 2708 patients with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis or chronic idiopathic urticaria in 14 controlled clinical trials of 1 week to 6 months duration.
The short-term (exposure up to 6 weeks) safety data for adults and adolescents are based upon eight clinical trials in which 1896 patients (825 males and 1071 females aged 12 years and older) were treated with XYZAL 2.5, 5, or 10 mg once daily in the evening.
The short-term safety data from pediatric patients are based upon two clinical trials in which 243 children with seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (162 males and 81 females 6 to 12 years of age) were treated with XYZAL 5 mg once daily for 4 to 6 weeks, one clinical trial in which 114 children (65 males and 49 females 1 to 5 years of age) with allergic rhinitis or chronic idiopathic urticaria were treated with XYZAL 1.25 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, and one clinical trial in which 45 children (28 males and 17 females 6 to 11 months of age) with symptoms of allergic rhinitis or chronic urticaria were treated with XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily for 2 weeks.
The long-term (exposure of 4 or 6 months) safety data in adults and adolescents are based upon two clinical trials in which 428 patients (190 males and 238 females) with allergic rhinitis were exposed to treatment with XYZAL 5 mg once daily. Long term safety data are also available from an 18-month trial in 255 XYZAL-treated subjects 12-24 months of age.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trial of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Adults and Adolescents 12 years of Age and Older
In studies up to 6 weeks in duration, the mean age of the adult and adolescent patients was 32 years, 44% of the patients were men and 56% were women, and the large majority (more than 90%) was Caucasian.
In these trials 43% and 42% of the subjects in the XYZAL 2.5 mg and 5 mg groups, respectively, had at least one adverse event compared to 43% in the placebo group.
In placebo-controlled trials of 1-6 weeks in duration, the most common adverse reactions were somnolence, nasopharyngitis, fatigue, dry mouth, and pharyngitis, and most were mild to moderate in intensity. Somnolence with XYZAL showed dose ordering between tested doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg and was the most common adverse reaction leading to discontinuation (0.5%).
Table 1 lists adverse reactions that were reported in greater than or equal to 2% of subjects aged 12 years and older exposed to XYZAL 2.5 mg or 5 mg in eight placebo-controlled clinical trials and that were more common with XYZAL than placebo.
| Adverse Reactions | XYZAL 2.5 mg (n = 421) |
XYZAL 5 mg (n = 1070) |
Placebo (n = 912) |
| Somnolence |
22 (5%) |
61 (6%) |
16 (2%) |
| Nasopharyngitis |
25 (6%) |
40 (4%) |
28 (3%) |
| Fatigue |
5 (1%) |
46 (4%) |
20 (2%) |
| Dry Mouth |
12 (3%) |
26 (2%) |
11 (1%) |
| Pharyngitis |
10 (2%) |
12 (1%) |
9 (1%) |
Additional adverse reactions of medical significance observed at a higher incidence than in placebo in adults and adolescents aged 12 years and older exposed to XYZAL are syncope (0.2%) and weight increased (0.5%).
Pediatric Patients 6 to 12 Years of Age
A total of 243 pediatric patients 6 to 12 years of age received XYZAL 5 mg once daily in two short-term placebo controlled double-blind trials. The mean age of the patients was 9.8 years, 79 (32%) were 6 to 8 years of age, and 50% were Caucasian. Table 2 lists adverse reactions that were reported in greater than or equal to 2% of subjects aged 6 to 12 years exposed to XYZAL 5 mg in placebo-controlled clinical trials and that were more common with XYZAL than placebo.
|
Adverse Reactions |
XYZAL 5 mg (n = 243) |
Placebo (n = 240) |
| Pyrexia |
10 (4%) |
5 (2%) |
| Cough |
8 (3%) |
2 (less than 1%) |
| Somnolence |
7 (3%) |
1 (less than 1%) |
| Epistaxis |
6 (2%) |
1 (less than 1%) |
Pediatric Patients 1 to 5 Years of Age
A total of 114 pediatric patients 1 to 5 years of age received XYZAL 1.25 mg twice daily in a two week placebo-controlled double-blind safety trial. The mean age of the patients was 3.8 years, 32% were 1 to 2 years of age, 71% were Caucasian and 18% were Black. Table 3 lists adverse reactions that were reported in greater than or equal to 2% of subjects aged 1 to 5 years exposed to XYZAL 1.25 mg twice daily in the placebo-controlled safety trial and that were more common with XYZAL than placebo.
|
Adverse Reactions |
XYZAL 1.25 mg Twice Daily (n = 114) |
Placebo (n = 59) |
| Pyrexia |
5 (4%) |
1 (2%) |
| Diarrhea |
4 (4%) |
2 (3%) |
| Vomiting |
4 (4%) |
2 (3%) |
| Otitis Media |
3 (3%) |
0 (0%) |
Pediatric Patients 6 to 11 Months of Age
A total of 45 pediatric patients 6 to 11 months of age received XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily in a two week placebo-controlled double-blind safety trial. The mean age of the patients was 9 months, 51% were Caucasian and 31% were Black. Adverse reactions that were reported in more than 1 subject (i.e. greater than or equal to 3% of subjects) aged 6 to 11 months exposed to XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily in the placebo-controlled safety trial and that were more common with XYZAL than placebo included diarrhea and constipation which were reported in 6 (13%) and 1 (4%) and 3 (7%) and 1 (4%) children in the XYZAL and placebo-treated groups, respectively.
Long-Term Clinical Trials Experience
In two controlled clinical trials, 428 patients (190 males and 238 females) aged 12 years and older were treated with XYZAL 5 mg once daily for 4 or 6 months. The patient characteristics and the safety profile were similar to that seen in the short-term studies. Ten (2.3%) patients treated with XYZAL discontinued because of somnolence, fatigue or asthenia compared to 2 (less than 1%) in the placebo group.
There are no long term clinical trials in children below 12 years of age with allergic rhinitis or chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Laboratory Test Abnormalities
Elevations of blood bilirubin and transaminases were reported in less than 1% of patients in the clinical trials. The elevations were transient and did not lead to discontinuation in any patient.
In addition to the adverse reactions reported during clinical trials and listed above, adverse events have also been identified during post-approval use of XYZAL in other countries. Because these events are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Adverse events of hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, fixed drug eruption, pruritus, rash, and urticaria, convulsion, aggression and agitation, visual disturbances, palpitations, dyspnea, nausea, hepatitis, and myalgia have been reported.
Besides these events reported under treatment with XYZAL, other potentially severe adverse events have been reported from the post-marketing experience with cetirizine. Since levocetirizine is the principal pharmacologically active component of cetirizine, one should take into account the fact that the following adverse events could also potentially occur under treatment with XYZAL: hallucinations, suicidal ideation, orofacial dyskinesia, severe hypotension, cholestasis, glomerulonephritis, and still birth.
In vitro data indicate that levocetirizine is unlikely to produce pharmacokinetic interactions through inhibition or induction of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. No in vivo drug-drug interaction studies have been performed with levocetirizine. Drug interaction studies have been performed with racemic cetirizine.
Pharmacokinetic interaction studies performed with racemic cetirizine demonstrated that cetirizine did not interact with antipyrine, pseudoephedrine, erythromycin, azithromycin, ketoconazole, and cimetidine. There was a small decrease (~16%) in the clearance of cetirizine caused by a 400 mg dose of theophylline. It is possible that higher theophylline doses could have a greater effect.
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Pregnancy Category B
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, XYZAL should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Teratogenic Effects:
In rats and rabbits, levocetirizine was not teratogenic at oral doses approximately 320 and 390, respectively, times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis.
No peri- and post-natal animal studies have been conducted with levocetirizine. In mice, cetirizine caused retarded pup weight gain during lactation at an oral dose in dams that was approximately 40 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis. Studies in beagle dogs indicated that approximately 3% of the dose of cetirizine was excreted in milk. Cetirizine has been reported to be excreted in human breast milk. Because levocetirizine is also expected to be excreted in human milk, use of XYZAL in nursing mothers is not recommended.
The recommended dose of XYZAL for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in patients 6 months to 17 years of age is based on extrapolation of efficacy from adults 18 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14)].
The recommended dose of XYZAL in patients 6 months to 11 years of age for the treatment of the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria and in patients 2 to 11 years of age for the treatment of the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis is based on cross-study comparisons of the systemic exposure of XYZAL in adults and pediatric patients and on the safety profile of XYZAL in both adult and pediatric patients at doses equal to or higher than the recommended dose for patients 6 months to 11 years of age.
The safety of XYZAL 5 mg once daily was evaluated in 243 pediatric patients 6 to 12 years of age in two placebo-controlled clinical trials lasting 4 and 6 weeks. The safety of XYZAL 1.25 mg twice daily was evaluated in one 2-week clinical trial in 114 pediatric patients 1 to 5 years of age and the safety of XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily was evaluated in one 2-week clinical trial in 45 pediatric patients 6 to 11 months of age [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
The effectiveness of XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily (6 months to 5 years of age) and 2.5 mg once daily (6 to 11 years of age) for the treatment of the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria is supported by the extrapolation of demonstrated efficacy of XYZAL 5 mg once daily in patients 12 years of age and older and based on the pharmacokinetic comparison between adults and children.
Cross-study comparisons indicate that administration of a 5 mg dose of XYZAL to 6 to 12 year old pediatric seasonal allergic rhinitis patients resulted in about 2-fold the systemic exposure (AUC) observed when 5 mg of XYZAL was administered to healthy adults. Therefore, in children 6 to 11 years of age the recommended dose of 2.5 mg once daily should not be exceeded. In a population pharmacokinetics study the administration of 1.25 mg once daily in children 6 months to 5 years of age resulted in systemic exposure comparable to 5 mg once daily in adults. [see Dosage and Administration (2.2); Clinical Studies (14); and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Clinical studies of XYZAL for each approved indication did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
XYZAL is known to be substantially excreted by the kidneys and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
As levocetirizine is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidneys, it is unlikely that the clearance of levocetirizine is significantly decreased in patients with solely hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Overdosage has been reported with XYZAL.
Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness in adults and initially agitation and restlessness, followed by drowsiness in children. There is no known specific antidote to XYZAL. Should overdose occur, symptomatic or supportive treatment is recommended. XYZAL is not effectively removed by dialysis, and dialysis will be ineffective unless a dialyzable agent has been concomitantly ingested.
The acute maximal non-lethal oral dose of levocetirizine was 240 mg/kg in mice (approximately 190 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults, approximately 230 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 to 11 years of age, and approximately 180 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 months to 5 years of age on a mg/m2 basis). In rats the maximal non-lethal oral dose was 240 mg/kg (approximately 390 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults, approximately 460 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 to 11 years of age, and approximately 370 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 months to 5 years of age on a mg/m2 basis).
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride, the active component of XYZAL tablets and oral solution, is an orally active H1‑receptor antagonist. The chemical name is (R)-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl) phenylmethyl]-1-piperazinyl] ethoxy] acetic acid dihydrochloride. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is the R enantiomer of cetirizine hydrochloride, a racemic compound with antihistaminic properties. The empirical formula of levocetirizine dihydrochloride is C21H25ClN2O3•2HCl. The molecular weight is 461.82 and the chemical structure is shown below:
Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is a white, crystalline powder and is water soluble.
XYZAL 5 mg tablets are formulated as immediate release, white, film-coated, oval-shaped scored tablets for oral administration. The tablets are imprinted on both halves of the scored line with the letter Y in red (Opacode® Red). Inactive ingredients are: microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, colloidal anhydrous silica, and magnesium stearate. The film coating contains hypromellose, titanium dioxide, and macrogol 400.
XYZAL 0.5 mg/mL oral solution is formulated as an immediate release, clear, colorless liquid. Inactive ingredients are: sodium acetate trihydrate, glacial acetic acid, maltitol solution, glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, saccharin, flavoring (consisting of triacetin, natural & artificial flavors, dl-alpha-tocopherol), purified water.
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Levocetirizine, the active enantiomer of cetirizine, is an anti-histamine; its principal effects are mediated via selective inhibition of H1 receptors. The antihistaminic activity of levocetirizine has been documented in a variety of animal and human models. In vitro binding studies revealed that levocetirizine has an affinity for the human H1-receptor 2-fold higher than that of cetirizine (Ki = 3 nmol/L vs. 6 nmol/L, respectively). The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown.
Studies in adult healthy subjects showed that levocetirizine at doses of 2.5 mg and 5 mg inhibited the skin wheal and flare caused by the intradermal injection of histamine. In contrast, dextrocetirizine exhibited no clear change in the inhibition of the wheal and flare reaction. Levocetirizine at a dose of 5 mg inhibited the wheal and flare caused by intradermal injection of histamine in 14 pediatric subjects (aged 6 to 11 years) and the activity persisted for at least 24 hours. The clinical relevance of histamine wheal skin testing is unknown.
A QT/QTc study using a single dose of 30 mg of levocetirizine did not demonstrate an effect on the QTc interval. While a single dose of levocetirizine had no effect, the effects of levocetirizine may not be at steady state following single dose. The effect of levocetirizine on the QTc interval following multiple dose administration is unknown. Levocetirizine is not expected to have QT/QTc effects because of the results of QTc studies with cetirizine and the long post-marketing history of cetirizine without reports of QT prolongation.
Levocetirizine exhibited linear pharmacokinetics over the therapeutic dose range in adult healthy subjects.
• Absorption
Levocetirizine is rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration. In adults, peak plasma concentrations are achieved 0.9 hour after administration of the oral tablet. The accumulation ratio following daily oral administration is 1.12 with steady state achieved after 2 days. Peak concentrations are typically 270 ng/mL and 308 ng/mL following a single and a repeated 5 mg once daily dose, respectively. Food had no effect on the extent of exposure (AUC) of the levocetirizine tablet, but Tmax was delayed by about 1.25 hours and Cmax was decreased by about 36% after administration with a high fat meal; therefore, levocetirizine can be administered with or without food.
A dose of 5 mg (10 mL) of XYZAL oral solution is bioequivalent to a 5 mg dose of XYZAL tablets. Following oral administration of a 5 mg dose of XYZAL oral solution to healthy adult subjects, the mean peak plasma concentrations were achieved approximately 0.5 hour post-dose.
• Distribution
The mean plasma protein binding of levocetirizine in vitro ranged from 91 to 92%, independent of concentration in the range of 90-5000 ng/mL, which includes the therapeutic plasma levels observed. Following oral dosing, the average apparent volume of distribution is approximately 0.4 L/kg, representative of distribution in total body water.
• Metabolism
The extent of metabolism of levocetirizine in humans is less than 14% of the dose and therefore differences resulting from genetic polymorphism or concomitant intake of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme inhibitors are expected to be negligible. Metabolic pathways include aromatic oxidation, N- and O-dealkylation, and taurine conjugation. Dealkylation pathways are primarily mediated by CYP 3A4 while aromatic oxidation involves multiple and/or unidentified CYP isoforms.
• Elimination
The plasma half-life in adult healthy subjects was about 8 to 9 hours after administration of oral tablets and oral solution, and the mean oral total body clearance for levocetirizine was approximately 0.63 mL/kg/min. The major route of excretion of levocetirizine and its metabolites is via urine, accounting for a mean of 85.4% of the dose. Excretion via feces accounts for only 12.9% of the dose. Levocetirizine is excreted both by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Renal clearance of levocetirizine correlates with that of creatinine clearance. In patients with renal impairment the clearance of levocetirizine is reduced [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
• Drug Interaction Studies
In vitro data on metabolite interaction indicate that levocetirizine is unlikely to produce, or be subject to metabolic interactions. Levocetirizine at concentrations well above Cmax level achieved within the therapeutic dose ranges is not an inhibitor of CYP isoenzymes 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2A1, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4, and is not an inducer of UGT1A or CYP isoenzymes 1A2, 2C9 and 3A4.
No formal in vivo drug interaction studies have been performed with levocetirizine. Studies have been performed with the racemic cetirizine [see Drug Interactions (7)].
• Pediatric Patients
Data from a pediatric pharmacokinetic study with oral administration of a single dose of 5 mg levocetirizine in 14 children age 6 to 11 years with body weight ranging between 20 and 40 kg show that Cmax and AUC values are about 2-fold greater than that reported in healthy adult subjects in a cross-study comparison. The mean Cmax was 450 ng/mL, occurring at a mean time of 1.2 hours, weight-normalized, total body clearance was 30% greater, and the elimination half-life 24% shorter in this pediatric population than in adults.
Dedicated pharmacokinetic studies have not been conducted in pediatric patients younger than 6 years of age. A retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted in 324 subjects (181 children 1 to 5 years of age, 18 children 6 to 11 years of age, and 124 adults 18 to 55 years of age) who received single or multiple doses of levocetirizine ranging from 1.25 mg to 30 mg. Data generated from this analysis indicated that administration of 1.25 mg once daily to children 6 months to 5 years of age results in plasma concentrations similar to those of adults receiving 5 mg once daily.
• Geriatric Patients
Limited pharmacokinetic data are available in elderly subjects. Following once daily repeat oral administration of 30 mg levocetirizine for 6 days in 9 elderly subjects (65–74 years of age), the total body clearance was approximately 33% lower compared to that in younger adults. The disposition of racemic cetirizine has been shown to be dependent on renal function rather than on age. This finding would also be applicable for levocetirizine, as levocetirizine and cetirizine are both predominantly excreted in urine. Therefore, the XYZAL dose should be adjusted in accordance with renal function in elderly patients [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
• Gender
Pharmacokinetic results for 77 patients (40 men, 37 women) were evaluated for potential effect of gender. The half-life was slightly shorter in women (7.08 ± 1.72 hr) than in men (8.62 ± 1.84 hr); however, the body weight-adjusted oral clearance in women (0.67 ± 0.16 mL/min/kg) appears to be comparable to that in men (0.59 ± 0.12 mL/min/kg). The same daily doses and dosing intervals are applicable for men and women with normal renal function.
• Race
The effect of race on levocetirizine has not been studied. As levocetirizine is primarily renally excreted, and there are no important racial differences in creatinine clearance, pharmacokinetic characteristics of levocetirizine are not expected to be different across races. No race-related differences in the kinetics of racemic cetirizine have been observed.
• Renal Impairment
Levocetirizine exposure (AUC) exhibited 1.8-, 3.2-, 4.3-, and 5.7-fold increase in mild, moderate, severe, renal impaired, and end-stage renal disease patients, respectively, compared to healthy subjects. The corresponding increases of half-life estimates were 1.4-, 2.0-, 2.9-, and 4-fold, respectively.
The total body clearance of levocetirizine after oral dosing was correlated to the creatinine clearance and was progressively reduced based on severity of renal impairment. Therefore, it is recommended to adjust the dose and dosing intervals of levocetirizine based on creatinine clearance in patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment. In end-stage renal disease patients (CLCR less than 10 mL/min) levocetirizine is contraindicated. The amount of levocetirizine removed during a standard 4‑hour hemodialysis procedure was less than 10%.
The dosage of XYZAL should be reduced in patients with mild renal impairment. Both the dosage and frequency of administration should be reduced in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4)].
• Hepatic Impairment
XYZAL has not been studied in patients with hepatic impairment. The non-renal clearance (indicative of hepatic contribution) was found to constitute about 28% of the total body clearance in healthy adult subjects after oral administration.
As levocetirizine is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidney, it is unlikely that the clearance of levocetirizine is significantly decreased in patients with solely hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
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No carcinogenicity studies have been performed with levocetirizine. However, evaluation of cetirizine carcinogenicity studies are relevant for determination of the carcinogenic potential of levocetirizine. In a 2-year carcinogenicity study, in rats, cetirizine was not carcinogenic at dietary doses up to 20 mg/kg (approximately 15 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults, approximately 10 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 to 11 years of age and approximately 15 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 months to 5 years of age on a mg/m2 basis). In a 2-year carcinogenicity study in mice, cetirizine caused an increased incidence of benign hepatic tumors in males at a dietary dose of 16 mg/kg (approximately 6 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults, approximately 4 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 to 11 years of age, and approximately 6 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 months to 5 years of age on a mg/m2 basis). No increased incidence of benign tumors was observed at a dietary dose of 4 mg/kg (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults, equivalent to the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 to 11 years of age and approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in children 6 months to 5 years of age on a mg/m2 basis). The clinical significance of these findings during long-term use of XYZAL is not known.
Levocetirizine was not mutagenic in the Ames test, and not clastogenic in the human lymphocyte assay, the mouse lymphoma assay, and in vivo micronucleus test in mice.
In a fertility and general reproductive performance study in mice, cetirizine did not impair fertility at an oral dose of 64 mg/kg (approximately 25 times the recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis).
Reproductive Toxicology Studies
In rats and rabbits, levocetirizine was not teratogenic at oral doses up to 200 and 120 mg/kg, respectively, (approximately 320 and 390, respectively, times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis).
In mice, cetirizine caused retarded pup weight gain during lactation at an oral dose in dams of 96 mg/kg (approximately 40 times the maximum recommended daily oral dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis).
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Adults and Adolescents 12 Years of Age and Older
The efficacy of XYZAL was evaluated in six randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials in adult and adolescent patients 12 years and older with symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis or perennial allergic rhinitis. The six clinical trials include three dose-ranging trials of 2 to 4 weeks duration, one 2-week efficacy trial in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and two efficacy trials (one 6-week and one 6-month) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.
These trials included a total of 2412 patients (1068 males and 1344 females) of whom 265 were adolescents 12 to 17 years of age. Efficacy was assessed using a total symptom score from patient recording of 4 symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and ocular pruritus) in five studies and 5 symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, ocular pruritus, and nasal congestion) in one study. Patients recorded symptoms using a 0-3 categorical severity scale (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) once daily in the evening reflective of the 24 hour treatment period. In one study, patients also recorded these symptoms in an instantaneous (1 hour before the next dose) manner. The primary endpoint was the mean total symptom score averaged over the first week and over 2 weeks for seasonal allergic rhinitis trials, and 4 weeks for perennial allergic rhinitis trials.
The three dose-ranging trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of XYZAL 2.5, 5, and 10 mg once daily in the evening. One trial was 2 weeks in duration conducted in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, and two trials were 4 weeks in duration conducted in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. In these trials, each of the three doses of XYZAL demonstrated greater decrease in the reflective total symptom score than placebo and the difference was statistically significant for all three doses in two of the studies. Results for two of these trials are shown in Table 4.
|
Treatment |
N |
Baseline |
On Treatment Adjusted Mean |
Difference Estimate |
from Placebo 95% CI |
p-value |
| Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis | Trial | – Reflective total symptom score |
|
|||
| XYZAL 2.5 mg |
116 |
7.83 |
4.27 |
0.91 |
(0.37, 1.45) |
0.001 |
| XYZAL 5 mg |
115 |
7.45 |
4.06 |
1.11 |
(0.57, 1.65) |
less than 0.001 |
| XYZAL 10 mg |
118 |
7.15 |
3.57 |
1.61 |
(1.07, 21.5) |
less than 0.001 |
| Placebo |
118 |
7.94 |
5.17 |
|||
| Perennial Allergic Rhinitis | Trial | – Reflective total symptom score | ||||
| XYZAL 2.5 mg |
133 |
7.14 |
4.12 |
1.17 |
(0.71, 1.63) |
less than 0.001 |
| XYZAL 5 mg |
127 |
7.18 |
4.07 |
1.22 |
(0.76, 1.69) |
less than 0.001 |
| XYZAL 10 mg |
129 |
7.58 |
4.19 |
1.10 |
(0.64, 1.57) |
less than 0.001 |
| Placebo |
128 |
7.22 |
5.29 |
One clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of XYZAL 5 mg once daily in the evening compared with placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis over a 2-week treatment period. In this trial, XYZAL 5 mg demonstrated a greater decrease from baseline in the reflective and instantaneous total symptom score than placebo, and the difference was statistically significant (see Table 5). The results of the instantaneous total symptom score support efficacy at the end of the dosing interval.
One clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of XYZAL 5 mg once daily in the evening compared to placebo in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis over a 6-week treatment period. Another trial conducted over a 6-month treatment period assessed efficacy at 4 weeks. XYZAL 5 mg demonstrated a greater decrease from baseline in the reflective total symptom score than placebo and the difference from placebo was statistically significant. Results of one of these trials are shown in Table 5.
|
Treatment |
N |
Baseline |
On Treatment Adjusted Mean |
Difference Estimate |
from Placebo 95% CI |
p-value |
| Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis | Trial | – Reflective total symptom score | ||||
| XYZAL 5 mg |
118 |
8.40 |
5.20 |
.089 |
(0.30, 1.47) |
0.003 |
| Placebo |
117 |
8.50 |
6.09 |
|||
| Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis | Trial | – Instantaneous total symptom score | ||||
| XYZAL 5 mg |
118 |
7.24 |
4.58 |
0.73 |
(0.17, 1.28) |
0.011 |
| Placebo |
117 |
7.48 |
5.30 |
|||
| Perennial Allergic Rhinitis | Trial | – Reflective total symptom score | ||||
| XYZAL 5 mg |
150 |
7.69 |
3.93 |
1.17 |
(0.70, 1.64) |
less than 0.001 |
| Placebo |
142 |
7.44 |
5.10 |
Onset of action was evaluated in two environmental exposure unit studies in allergic rhinitis patients with a single dose of XYZAL 2.5 or 5 mg. XYZAL 5 mg was found to have an onset of action 1 hour after oral intake. Onset of action was also assessed from the daily recording of symptoms in the evening before dosing in the seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis trials. In these trials, onset of effect was seen after 1 day of dosing.
Pediatric Patients Less than 12 Years of Age
There are no clinical efficacy trials with XYZAL 2.5 mg once daily in pediatric patients under 12 years of age, and no clinical efficacy trials with XYZAL 1.25 mg once daily in pediatric patients 6 months to 5 years of age. The clinical efficacy of XYZAL in pediatric patients under 12 years of age has been extrapolated from adult clinical efficacy trials based on pharmacokinetic comparisons [seeUse in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Adult Patients 18 Years of Age and Older
The efficacy of XYZAL for the treatment of the uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria was evaluated in two multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials of 4 weeks duration in adult patients 18 to 85 years of age with chronic idiopathic urticaria. The two trials included one 4-week dose-ranging trial and one 4-week single-dose level efficacy trial. These trials included 423 patients (139 males and 284 females). Most patients (greater than 90%) were Caucasian and the mean age was 41. Of these patients, 146 received XYZAL 5 mg once daily in the evening. Efficacy was assessed based on patient recording of pruritus severity on a severity score of 0–3 (0 = none to 3 = severe). The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean reflective pruritus severity score over the first week and over the entire treatment period. Additional efficacy variables were the instantaneous pruritus severity score, the number and size of wheals, and duration of pruritus.
The dose-ranging trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of XYZAL 2.5, 5, and 10 mg once daily in the evening. In this trial, each of the three doses of XYZAL demonstrated greater decrease in the reflective pruritus severity score than placebo and the difference was statistically significant for all three doses (see Table 6).
The single dose level trial evaluated the efficacy of XYZAL 5 mg once daily in the evening compared to placebo in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria over a 4-week treatment period. XYZAL 5 mg demonstrated a greater decrease from baseline in the reflective pruritus severity score than placebo and the difference from placebo was statistically significant.
Duration of pruritus, number and size of wheals, and instantaneous pruritus severity score also showed significant improvement over placebo. The significant improvement in the instantaneous pruritus severity score over placebo confirmed end of dosing interval efficacy (see Table 6).
|
Treatment |
N |
Baseline |
On Treatment Adjusted Mean |
Difference Estimate |
from Placebo 95% CI |
p-value |
| Dose-Ranging |
Trial |
- Reflective pruritus severity score |
||||
| XYZAL 2.5 mg |
69 |
2.08 |
1.02 |
0.82 |
(0.58, 1.06) |
less than 0.001 |
| XYZAL 5 mg |
62 |
2.07 |
0.92 |
0.91 |
(0.66, 1.16) |
less than 0.001 |
| XYZAL 10 mg |
55 |
2.04 |
0.73 |
1.11 |
(0.85, 1.37) |
less than 0.001 |
| Placebo |
60 |
2.25 |
1.84 |
|||
|
Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria |
Trial |
- Reflective pruritus severity score |
||||
| XYZAL 5 mg |
80 |
2.07 |
0.94 |
0.62 |
(0.38, 0.86) |
less than 0.001 |
| Placebo |
82 |
2.06 |
1.56 |
Pediatric Patients
There are no clinical efficacy trials in pediatric patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
XYZAL tablets are white, film-coated, oval-shaped, scored,
imprinted (with the letter Y in red color on both halves of the scored tablet)
and contain 5 mg levocetirizine dihydrochloride. They are supplied in bottles of:
30 Tablets NDC 54868-5829-0
XYZAL oral solution is a clear, colorless liquid containing 0.5 mg of levocetirizine dihydrochloride per mL.
Oral solution in 5 oz glass bottles NDC 54868-6115-0
Storage:
Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15‑30°C (59-86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].
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Patients should be cautioned against engaging in hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness, and motor coordination such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle after ingestion of XYZAL.
Concurrent use of XYZAL with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants should be avoided because additional reduction in mental alertness may occur.
The daily dose in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older should not exceed 5 mg once daily in the evening. In children 6 to 11 years of age the recommended dose is 2.5 mg once daily in the evening. Patients should be advised to not ingest more than the recommended dose of XYZAL because of the increased risk of somnolence at higher doses.
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| Labeler - Physicians Total Care, Inc. (194123980) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians Total Care, Inc. | 194123980 | repack, relabel |


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 1
Dietary
You can multiply this recipe to make as many lasagne rolls as you like - kids will love making everyone dinner!
Before cooking, wash your hands and put on an apron. Weigh or measure all the ingredients. Ask a grown-up to preheat the oven to 210C/415F/Gas 7. Oil an ovenproof dish.
Put the tomatoes into a cup and add a pinch of chilli flakes if you like things spicy. Stir with a fork and put to one side to use later.
In a bowl, mix the ricotta and black pepper together with a fork. Using scissors (ask a grown-up to help you), cut up the mint and spinach leaves into smaller pieces and add them to the cheese in the bowl. Mix until well combined.
Fold the lasagne sheet in half, matching the short sides. Gently run your fingers over the fold to help the pasta break into two pieces. Spread the cheese mixture on top of both pieces of lasagna, then roll them up into tubes, starting at the short edge.
Pour enough of the chopped tomato and chilli mixture into the ovenproof dish to cover the bottom. Place the rolled-up lasagne tubes into the dish and pour over the rest of the chopped tomatoes. Top with a sprinkling of grated cheese. Put the dish on the baking tray and ask a grown-up to cook it for 15-20 minutes. Serve with a green salad.


Stories from Around the World
by FCIT
“The Greedy Youngster”
by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen
Additional Information
- Year Published: 0
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: Norway
- Source: Hamilton Wright Mabie, ed., Folk Tales Every Child Should Know
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.6
- Word Count: 4,442
- Genre: Fairy Tale/Folk Tale
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Once upon a time there were five women who were in a field reaping corn. None of them had any children, but they were all wishing for a child. All at once they found a big goose egg, almost as big as a man’s head.
“I saw it first,” said one. “I saw it just as soon as you did,” shouted another. “But I’ll have it,” screamed the third, “I saw it first of all.”
Thus they kept on quarrelling and fighting about the egg, and they were very near tearing each other’s hair. But at last they agreed that it should belong to them all, and that they should sit on it as the geese do and hatch a gosling. The first woman sat on it for eight days, taking it very comfortably and doing nothing at all, while the others had to work hard both for their own and her living. One of the women began to make some insinuations to her about this.
“Well, I suppose you didn’t come out of the egg either before you could chirp,” said the woman who was on the egg, “But I think there is something in this egg, for I fancy I can hear some one inside grumbling every other moment: ‘Herring and soup! Porridge and milk!’ You can come and sit for eight days now, and then we will sit and work in turn, all of us.”
So when the fifth in turn had sat for eight days, she heard plainly some one inside the egg screeching for “Herring and soup! Porridge and milk!”  The first thing it screamed out for, as soon as it put its head outside the egg, was “Herring and soup! Porridge and milk!” And so they called it “the greedy youngster.”
Ugly as he was, they were fond of him at first; but before long he became so greedy that he ate up all the meat they had. When they boiled a dish of soup or a pot of porridge which they thought would be sufficient for all six, he finished it all by himself. So they would not have him any longer.
“I have not had a decent meal since this changeling crept out of the eggshell,” said one of them, and when the youngster heard that they were all of the same opinion, he said he was quite willing to go his way; “if they did not want him, he was sure he did not want them,” and with that he left the place.
After a long time he came to a farm where the fields were full of stones, and he went in and asked for a situation. They wanted a labourer on the farm, and the farmer put him to pick up stones from the field. Yes, the youngster went to work and picked up the stones, some of which were so big that they would make many cartloads; but whether they were big or small, he put them all into his pocket. It did not take him long to finish that job, so he wanted to know what he should do next.
“You will have to get all the stones out of the field,” said the farmer. “I suppose you can’t be ready before you have commenced?”
But the youngster emptied his pockets and threw all the stones in a heap. Then the farmer saw that he had finished the work, and he thought he ought to look well after one who was so strong. He must come in and get something to eat, he said. The youngster thought so too, and he alone ate what was prepared both for master and servants, and still he was only half satisfied.
“He is the right sort of man for a labourer, but he is a terrible eater, to be sure,” thought the farmer. “A man like him would eat a poor farmer out of house and home before anybody knew a word about it,” he said. He had no more work for him; it was best for him to go to the king’s palace.
The youngster set out for the palace, where he got a place at once. There was plenty of food and plenty of work. He was to be errand boy, and to help the girls to carry wood and water and do other odd jobs. So he asked what he was to do first.
“You had better chop some wood in the mean time,” they said. Yes, he commenced to chop and cut wood till the splinters flew about him. It was not long before he had chopped up everything in the place, both firewood and timber, both rafters and beams, and when he was ready with it, he came in and asked what he was to do now.
“You can finish chopping the wood,” they said.
“There is no more to chop,” he answered.
That could not be possible, thought the overlooker, and had a look into the wood-shed. But yes, the youngster had chopped up everything; he had even cut up the timber and planks in the place. This was vexatious, the overlooker said; and then he told the youngster that he should not taste food until he had gone into the forest and cut just as much timber as he had chopped up for firewood.
The youngster went to the smithy and got the smith to help him to make an axe of five hundredweight of iron, and then he set out for the forest and began to make a regular clearance, not only of the pine and the lofty fir trees, but of everything else which was to be found in the king’s forests, and in the neighbours’ as well. He did not stop to cut the branches or the tops off, but he left them lying there as if a hurricane had blown them down. He put a proper load on the sledge and put all the horses to it, but they could not even move it; so he took the horses by the heads to give the sledge a start, but he pulled so hard that the horses’ heads came off. He then turned the horses out of the shafts and drew the load himself.
When he came to the palace, the king and his overlooker were standing in the hall to give him a scolding for having destroyed the forest—the overlooker had been there and seen what he had been doing. But when the king saw the youngster dragging half the forest after him, he got both angry and afraid; but he thought he had better be a little careful with him, since he was strong.

Oh, when he was to have a proper meal of porridge, it would take twelve barrels of meal to make it, thought the youngster; but when he had put that away, he could wait awhile, of course, for his next meal.
It took some time to boil such a dish of porridge, and meantime he was to bring in a little firewood for the cook. He put a lot of wood on a sledge, but when he was coming through the door with it he was a little rough and careless again. The house got almost out of shape, and all the joists creaked; he was very near dragging down the whole palace. When the porridge was nearly ready, they sent him out to call the people home from the fields. He shouted so that the mountains and hills around rang with echoes, but the people did not come quick enough for him. He came to blows with them, and killed twelve of them.

When he had finished his porridge, he was to go into the barn to thrash. He took one of the rafters from the roof and made a flail out of it, and when the roof was about to fall in, he took a big pine tree with branches and all and put it up instead of the rafter. So he went on thrashing the grain and the straw and the hay all together. This was doing more damage than good, for the corn and the chaff flew about together, and a cloud of dust arose over the whole palace.
When he had nearly finished thrashing, enemies came into the country, as a war was coming on. So the king told the youngster that he should take men with him to go and meet the enemy and fight them, for the king thought they would surely kill him.
No, he would not have any men with him to be cut to pieces; he would fight by himself, answered the youngster.
“So much the better,” thought the king; “the sooner I shall get rid of him; but he must have a proper club.”
They sent for the smith; he forged a club which weighed a hundredweight. “A very nice thing to crack nuts with,” said the youngster. So the smith made one of three hundredweight. “It would be very well for hammering nails into boots,” was the answer. Well, the smith could not make a bigger one with the men he had. So the youngster set out for the smithy himself, and made a club that weighed five tons, and it took a hundred men to turn it on the anvil. “That one might do for lack of a better,” thought the youngster. He wanted next a bag with some provisions; they had to make one out of fifteen oxhides, and they filled it with food, and away he went down the hill with the bag on his back and the club on his shoulder.
When he came so far that the enemy saw him, they sent a soldier to ask him if he was going to fight them.
“Yes; but wait a little till I have had something to eat,” said the youngster.
But the enemy would not wait, and commenced to fire at him at once, till it rained and hailed around him with bullets.
 Neither lead nor iron took any effect upon him, and his bag with food in front of him guarded him against the bullets as if it were a rampart.
So they commenced throwing bomb-shells and firing cannons at him. He only grinned a little every time he felt them.
“They don’t hurt me a bit,” he said. But just then he got a bomb-shell right down his windpipe.
“Fy!” he shouted, and spat it out again; but then a chain-shot made its way into his butter-can, and another carried away the piece of food he held between his fingers.
That made him angry; he got up and took his big club and struck the ground with it, asking them if they wanted to take the food out of his mouth, and what they meant by blowing crowberries at him with those pea-shooters of theirs. He then struck the ground again till the hills and rocks rattled and shook, and sent the enemy flying in the air like chaff. This finished the war.
When he came home again, and asked for more work, the king was taken quite aback, for he thought he should have got rid of him in the war. He knew of nothing else but to send him on a message to the devil.
“You had better go to the devil and ask him for my ground-rent,” he said. The youngster took his bag on his back, and started at once. He was not long in getting there, but the devil was gone to court, and there was no one at home but his mother, and she said that she had never heard talk of any ground-rent. He had better call again another time.
“Yes, call again to-morrow is always the cry,” he said; but he was not going to be made a fool of, he told her. He was there, and there he would remain till he got the ground-rent. He had plenty of time to wait. But when he had finished all the food in his bag, the time hung heavy on his hands, and then he asked the old lady for the ground-rent again. She had better pay it now, he said.
“No, she was going to do nothing of the sort,” she said. Her words were as firm as the old fir tree just outside the gates, which was so big that fifteen men could scarcely span it.
But the youngster climbed right up in the top of it and twisted and turned it as if it was a willow, and then he asked her if she was going to pay the ground-rent now.
Yes, she dared not do anything else, and scraped together as much money as he thought he could carry in his bag. He then set out for home with the ground-rent, but as soon as he was gone the devil came home.
He soon came up to him, for he had nothing to carry, and now and then he used his wings; but the youngster had, of course, to keep to the ground with his heavy bag. Just as the devil was at his heels, he began to jump and run as fast as he could. He kept his club behind him to keep the devil off, and thus they went along, the youngster holding the handle and the devil trying to catch hold of the other end of it, till they came to a deep valley. There the youngster made a jump across from the top of one hill to the other, and the devil was in such a hurry to follow him that he ran his head against the club and fell down into the valley and broke his leg, and there he lay.
“There is the ground-rent,” said the youngster when he came to the palace, and threw the bag with the money to the king with such a crash that you could hear it all over the hall.
The king thanked him, and appeared to be well pleased, and promised him good pay and leave of absence if he wished it, but the youngster wanted only more work.
“What shall I do now?” he said.
As soon as the king had had time to consider, he told him that he must go to the hill-troll, who had taken his grandfather’s sword. The troll had a castle by the sea, where no one dared to go.
The youngster put some cartloads of food into his bag and set out again. He traveled both long and far, over woods and hills and wild moors, till he came to the big mountains where the troll, who had taken the sword of the king’s grandfather, was living.
But the troll seldom came out in the open air, and the mountain was well closed, so the youngster was not man enough to get inside.
So he joined a gang of quarrymen who were living at a farm on top of the hill, and who were quarrying stones in the hills about there. They had never had such help before, for he broke and hammered away at the rocks till the mountain cracked, and big stones of the size of a house rolled down the hill. But when he rested to get his dinner, for which he was going to have one of the cartloads in his bag, he found it was all eaten up.
“I have generally a good appetite myself,” said the youngster; “but the one who has been here can do a trifle more than I, for he has eaten all the bones as well.”
Thus the first day passed; and he fared no better the second. On the third day he set out to break stones again, taking with him the third load of food, but he lay down behind the bag and pretended to be asleep.

“We will see about that,” said the youngster, and hit the troll with his club, so the heads rolled down the hill.
So he went into the mountain which the troll had come out of, and in there stood a horse eating out of a barrel of glowing cinders, and behind it stood a barrel of oats.
“Why don’t you eat out of the barrel of oats?” asked the youngster.
“Because I cannot turn round,” said the horse.
“But I will soon turn you round,” said the youngster.
“Rather cut my head off,” said the horse.
 He said he had been bewitched, and taken into the mountain and turned into a horse by the troll. He then helped the youngster to find the sword, which the troll had hidden at the bottom of the bed, and in the bed lay the old mother of the troll, asleep and snoring hard.
So they set out for home by water, but when they had got some distance out to sea the old mother came after them. As she could not overtake them, she lay down and began to drink the sea, and she drank till the water fell; but she could not drink the sea dry, and so she burst.
When they came to land, the youngster sent word that the king must come and fetch the sword. He sent four horses, but no, they could not move it; he sent eight, and he sent twelve; but the sword remained where it was. They were not able to stir it from the spot. But the youngster took it and carried it up to the palace alone.
The king could not believe his eyes when he saw the youngster back again. He appeared, however, to be pleased to see him, and promised him land and riches. When the youngster wanted more work, the king said he might set out for an enchanted castle he had, where no one dared to live, and he would have to stop there till he had built a bridge over the sound, so that people could get across to the castle.
If he was able to do this he would reward him handsomely, yes, he would even give him his daughter in marriage, said he.
“Well, I think I can do it,” said the youngster.
No one had ever got away alive; those who had got as far as the castle, lay there killed and torn to pieces as small as barley, and the king thought he should never see him any more if he would go thither.
But the youngster started on his expedition; he took with him the bag of food, a crooked, twisted block of a fir tree, an axe, a wedge, and some chips of the fir root, and the small pauper boy at the palace.
When he came to the sound, he found the river full of ice, and the current ran as strong as in a waterfall; but he stuck his legs to the bottom of the river and waded until he got safe across.
When he had warmed himself and had something to eat, he wanted to go to sleep; but before long he heard such a terrible noise, as if they were turning the castle upside down. The door burst wide open, and he saw nothing but a gaping jaw extending from the threshold up to the lintel.
“There is a mouthful for you,” said the youngster and threw the pauper boy into the swallow: “taste that! But let me see now who you are! Perhaps you are an old acquaintance?”
And so it was; it was the devil who was about again.
They began to play cards, for the devil wanted to try and win back some of the ground-rent which the youngster had got out of his mother by threats, when he was sent by the king to collect it; but the youngster was always the fortunate one, for he put a cross on the back of all the good cards, and when he had won all the money which the devil had upon him, the devil had to pay him out of the gold and silver which was in the castle.
Suddenly the fire went out, so they could not tell the one card from the other.
“We must chop some wood now,” said the youngster, who drove the axe into the fir block, and forced the wedge in; but the twisted, knotty block would not split, although the youngster worked as hard as he could with the axe.
“They say you are strong,” he said to the devil; “just spit on your hands, stick your claws in, and tear away, and let me see what you are made of.”
The devil did so, and put both his fists into the split and pulled as hard as he could, when the youngster suddenly struck the wedge out, and the devil stuck fast in the block and the youngster let him also have a taste of the butt end of his axe on his back. The devil begged and prayed so nicely to be let loose, but the youngster would not listen to anything of the kind unless he promised that he would never come there any more and create any disturbance. He also had to promise that he would build a bridge over the sound, so that people could pass over it at all times of the year, and it should be ready when the ice was gone.
“They are very hard conditions,” said the devil; but there was no other way out of it—if the devil wanted to be set free, he would have to promise it. He bargained, however, that he should have the first soul that went across the bridge. That was to be the toll.
Yes, he should have that, said the youngster. So the devil was let loose, and he started home. But the youngster lay down to sleep, and slept till far into the day.
When the king came to see if he was cut and chopped into small pieces, he had to wade through all the money before he came to his bedside. There was money in heaps and in bags which reached far up the wall, and the youngster lay in bed asleep and snoring hard.
“Lord help me and my daughter,” said the king when he saw that the youngster was alive. Well, all was good and well done, that no one could deny; but there was no hurry talking of the wedding before the bridge was ready.
One day the bridge stood ready, and the devil was there waiting for the toll which he had bargained for.
The youngster wanted the king to go with him and try the bridge, but the king had no mind to do it.
“Where is the toll? Where have you got the soul?” cried the devil.
 If she does not come to me, I am sure I shan’t take her,” said the devil. “You got me once into a pinch, and I’ll take care you don’t get me into another,” and with that he flew straight home to his old mother, and since that time he has never been heard or seen thereabouts.
The youngster went home to the palace and asked for the reward the king had promised him, and when the king wanted to get out of it, and would not stick to what he had promised, the youngster said it was best he got a good bag of food ready for him and he would take his reward himself.
Yes, the king would see to that, and when the bag was ready the youngster asked the king to come outside the door. The youngster then gave the king such a kick, which sent him flying up in the air. The bag he threw after him that he might not be without food; and if he has not come down again by this he is floating about with his bag between heaven and earth to this very day.


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If mksfs is used under OS/161, the first form should be used, where raw-device is a raw device name (such as "lhd1raw:"). Don't use a device that's already mounted (or being used for swap).
mksfs can also be used on the System/161 host OS, in which case the second form should be used. The host-compiled version of mksfs knows how to deal with the header on System/161 disk images and does the right thing.
Note that as of this writing host-mksfs cannot create disk image files. This is a bug and will hopefully be addressed eventually.


{% extends 'home/base.html' %} {% block title %} Password Reset Complete {% endblock title %} {% block content %}
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ApplicationBaseDirectory
Signature: DirectoryInfo
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Gets or sets the relative or absolute path of the application base directory,
or null to use a default value selected by the consumer.
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Debug
Signature: bool option
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Attaches the debugger to the test process when set to true.
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DoNotRun
Signature: bool
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Sets whether to load the tests but not run them.
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EchoResults
Signature: bool
|
Sets whether to echo results to the screen as tests finish.
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Filters
Signature: string
|
Test filters (i.e. exclusion rules)
|
HintDirectories
Signature: seq<string>
|
The list of directories used for loading referenced assemblies and other dependent resources.
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IgnoreAnnotations
Signature: bool
|
Sets whether to ignore annotations when determining the result code.
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PluginDirectories
Signature: seq<string>
|
Additional Gallio plugin directories to search recursively.
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ReportArchive
Signature: ReportArchiveMode option
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ReportDirectory
Signature: string
|
Sets the name of the directory where the reports will be put.
The directory will be created if it doesn't exist. Existing files will be overwritten.
The default report directory is "Reports".
|
ReportFormatterOptions
Signature: (string * string) list
|
Specifies option property key/value pairs for the report formatter
|
ReportNameFormat
Signature: string
|
Sets the format string to use to generate the reports filenames.
Any occurence of {0} will be replaced by the date, and any occurrence of {1} by the time.
The default format string is test-report-{0}-{1}.
|
RunnerExtensions
Signature: string list
|
Specifies the type, assembly, and parameters of custom test runner
extensions to use during the test run.
The value must be in the form '[Namespace.]Type,Assembly[;Parameters]'
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RunnerType
Signature: string
|
The types supported "out of the box" are: Local, IsolatedAppDomain
and IsolatedProcess (default), but more types could be available as plugins.
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RunTimeLimit
Signature: TimeSpan option
|
Sets the maximum amount of time (in seconds) the tests can run
before they are canceled.
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RuntimeVersion
Signature: string
|
Gets or sets the version of the .Net runtime to use for running tests.
For the CLR, this must be the name of one of the framework directories in %SystemRoot%\Microsoft.Net\Framework. eg. 'v2.0.50727'.
The default is null which uses the most recent installed and supported framework.
|
ShadowCopy
Signature: bool option
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Shadow copying allows the original assemblies to be modified while the tests are running.
However, shadow copying may occasionally cause some tests to fail if they depend on their original location.
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ShowReports
Signature: bool
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Sets whether to show generated reports in a window using the default system application
registered to the report file type.
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TestExecutionOptions
Signature: (string * string) list
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TestExplorationOptions
Signature: (string * string) list
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TestRunnerOptions
Signature: (string * string) list
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Specifies option property key/value pairs for the test runner.
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Verbosity
Signature: Verbosity
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WorkingDirectory
Signature: DirectoryInfo
|
Gets or sets the relative or absolute path of the working directory
or null to use a default value selected by the consumer.
|


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Drop exercises from right here...
This is exercise on addition
This is exercise on basic substraction
Exercise on sequences using while loop
Simple recursive algorithm for generating fibonacci sequence
Exercise about funcion calls in python
Exercise using different operations on arrays
Exercise using Arrays, Tuples, and Dictionaries in python
Exercise with Python classes for storing custom data
Exercises using Python Map, and list comprehension
Exercise on basic python syntax


| Zohar Manna |
| Professor of Computer Science |
| Mailing Address: | |
| Gates Building, Room 481, | |
| Stanford University, | |
| Stanford, | |
| CA 94305 | |
| Email: |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Phone: |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| Fax: |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| Automated deduction: decision procedures, theorem proving, automated-based techniques. |
| Semantics, specification, and verification of reactive, embedded, real-time, and hybrid systems. |
| Systematic development, automatic synthesis and control. |
| Temporal logic and its applications. Automatic and machine-supported verification systems. Static analysis. |
The STeP (Stanford Temporal
Prover) system supports the computer-aided formal verification of
reactive, real-time and hybrid systems based on their temporal specification.
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A collection of several utility functions related to binary incomplete block designs. The package contains function to generate A- and D-efficient binary incomplete block designs with given numbers of treatments, number of blocks and block size. The package also contains function to generate an incomplete block design with specified concurrence matrix. There are functions to generate balanced treatment incomplete block designs and incomplete block designs for test versus control treatments comparisons with specified concurrence matrix. Package also allows performing analysis of variance of data and computing estimated marginal means of factors from experiments using a connected incomplete block design. Tests of hypothesis of treatment contrasts in incomplete block design set up is supported.
| Version: | 1.4 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.1.1), lpSolve, MASS, car, emmeans, multcompView |
| Published: | 2018-07-23 |
| Author: | B N Mandal [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | B N Mandal <mandal.stat at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| In views: | ExperimentalDesign |
| CRAN checks: | ibd results |
| Reference manual: | ibd.pdf |
| Package source: | ibd_1.4.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ibd_1.4.zip, r-release: ibd_1.4.zip, r-oldrel: ibd_1.4.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ibd_1.4.tgz, r-oldrel: ibd_1.4.tgz |
| Old sources: | ibd archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ibd to link to this page.


PLANET SICK-BOY: http://www.sick-boy.com "We Put the SIN in Cinema"
It's tough to anticipate what to expect from a film with this much baggage. Throughout the production of Shaft – a remake/sequel of the 1971 blaxploitation film of the same name – reports surfaced almost daily about ugly name-calling incidents between has-been director John Singleton (Rosewood), star and Gardenburger pitchman Samuel L. Jackson (Rules of Engagement) and cracker screenwriter Richard Price (Ransom).
The good news is that the theme song isn't messed up. My greatest fear was that on-his-fourteenth-minute-of-fame song-stealer Sean `No-Talent' Combs would be tapped to hip the thing up with samples from Steppenwolf and Kenny Rogers, in the way that frat-boy-date-rape rockers Limp Bizkit ruined the M:I-2 theme. The bad news is that the remake wasn't campy in the slightest, which is how I would have approached the film - you know, with really cheesy action sequences and bad guys with big, white top hats, furry white coats, glass canes and ... wait; I'm describing P. Diddy. Shaft plays like a conventional action flick, which to me was just disappointing.
 The case, which is caught by Detective John Shaft (Jackson) hinges on the testimony of a waitress named Diane (Toni Collette, The Sixth Sense) that may have witnessed the murder, but she disappears. Williams uses his connections to get a bargain-rate bail, skips town and ends up in Switzerland.
The film flashes forward two years, where Shaft is still trying to hunt down Diane, but catches wind that Williams is coming back to the States. Throw in a drug dealer named Peoples Hernandez (Jeffrey Wright, Ride With the Devil), and you've got more story that an average action film can probably handle. You know this is the case when you realize that Diane has been on the run for two years yet hasn't even left the Bronx. When Shaft is kicking ass, the film is great, but when he's not, it really drags. The resulting effect is a choppy and uneven viewing experience.
On the plus side, ain't nobody in the world can say `motherfucker' like Sammy J. He's built a whole career around being able to deliver that one word really well, and he throws it around quite often here. I'd pay twenty bucks just to have him say it right in my face. Hell, it's cheaper than an all-day pass to Six Flags, and probably at least twice as scary as whatever their new ride is this year.  Lord, yes, but he could have kicked a lot more. I would have liked more fisticuffs as opposed to the standard gunplay that ran rampant throughout the film.
Also worth mentioning are Collette's amazing Bronx accent (she's Australian) and the hysterically over-the-top and nearly unrecognizable performance from Wright, who may be one of the screen's best bad guys in some time.  And big-mouth rapper Busta Rhymes does an admirable job playing Shaft's wisecracking sidekick. Also appearing in Shaft are Vanessa L. Williams (Light It Up), Dan Hedaya (The Hurricane), Lee Tergesen (Oz), Gloria Reuben (ER) and Richard Roundtree (Steel), the star of the original film, who plays Shaft's Uncle John.
1:42 - R for strong violence and language
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