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Project Malmo
0.37.0
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Specifies a mission to be run. More...
#include <MissionSpec.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| MissionSpec () | |
| Constructs a mission with default parameters: a flat world with a 10 seconds time limit and continuous movement. | |
| MissionSpec (const std::string &xml, bool validate) | |
| Constructs a mission from the supplied XML as specified here: Schemas/Mission.html More... | |
| std::string | getAsXML (bool prettyPrint) const |
| Gets the mission specification as an XML string. More... | |
| void | setSummary (const std::string &summary) |
| Sets the summary description of the mission. More... | |
| void | timeLimitInSeconds (float s) |
| Sets the time limit for the mission. More... | |
| void | createDefaultTerrain () |
| Instead of the default flat world, make a world using Minecraft's terrain generator. More... | |
| void | setWorldSeed (const std::string &seed) |
| Set the seed used for Minecraft's terrain generation. More... | |
| void | forceWorldReset () |
| Force Minecraft to reload the world rather than use the current one (if appropriate). More... | |
| void | setTimeOfDay (int t, bool allowTimeToPass) |
| Sets the time of day for the start of the mission. More... | |
| void | drawBlock (int x, int y, int z, const std::string &blockType) |
| Draw a Minecraft block in the world. More... | |
| void | drawCuboid (int x1, int y1, int z1, int x2, int y2, int z2, const std::string &blockType) |
| Draw a solid cuboid in the world. More... | |
| void | drawItem (int x, int y, int z, const std::string &itemType) |
| Draw a Minecraft item in the world. More... | |
| void | drawSphere (int x, int y, int z, int radius, const std::string &blockType) |
| Draw a solid sphere of blocks in the world. More... | |
| void | drawLine (int x1, int y1, int z1, int x2, int y2, int z2, const std::string &blockType) |
| Draw a line of blocks in the world. More... | |
| void | startAt (float x, float y, float z) |
| Sets the start location for the agent. More... | |
| void | startAtWithPitchAndYaw (float x, float y, float z, float pitch, float yaw) |
| Sets the start location and angles for the agent. More... | |
| void | endAt (float x, float y, float z, float tolerance) |
| Sets the end location for the agent. More... | |
| void | setModeToCreative () |
| Sets the player mode for the agent to creative, allowing them to fly and to not sustain damage. Only supports single agent missions. | |
| void | setModeToSpectator () |
| Sets the player mode for the agent to spectator, allowing them to fly and pass through objects. Only supports single agent missions. | |
| void | requestVideo (int width, int height) |
| Asks for image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent. More... | |
| void | requestLuminance (int width, int height) |
| Asks for 8bpp greyscale image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent. More... | |
| void | requestColourMap (int width, int height) |
| Asks for 24bpp colourmap image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent. More... | |
| void | request32bppDepth (int width, int height) |
| Asks for 32bpp depth data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent. More... | |
| void | requestVideoWithDepth (int width, int height) |
| Asks for image data and depth data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent. More... | |
| void | setViewpoint (int viewpoint) |
| Sets the camera position. More... | |
| void | rewardForReachingPosition (float x, float y, float z, float amount, float tolerance) |
| Asks for a reward to be sent to the agent when it reaches a certain position. More... | |
| void | observeRecentCommands () |
| Asks for the list of commands acted upon since the last timestep to be returned in the observations. More... | |
| void | observeHotBar () |
| Asks for the contents of the player's hot-bar to be included in the observations. More... | |
| void | observeFullInventory () |
| Asks for the full item inventory of the player to be included in the observations. More... | |
| void | observeGrid (int x1, int y1, int z1, int x2, int y2, int z2, const std::string &name) |
| Asks for observations of the block types within a cuboid relative to the agent's position. More... | |
| void | observeDistance (float x, float y, float z, const std::string &name) |
| Asks for the Euclidean distance to a location to be included in the observations. More... | |
| void | observeChat () |
| Asks for chat messages to be included in the observations. | |
| void | removeAllCommandHandlers () |
| Remove any existing command handlers from the mission specification. More... | |
| void | allowAllContinuousMovementCommands () |
| Adds a continuous movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent. More... | |
| void | allowContinuousMovementCommand (const std::string &verb) |
| Adds an allow-list to the continuous movement command handler if none present. More... | |
| void | allowAllDiscreteMovementCommands () |
| Adds a discrete movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent. More... | |
| void | allowDiscreteMovementCommand (const std::string &verb) |
| Adds an allow-list to the discrete movement command handler if none present. More... | |
| void | allowAllAbsoluteMovementCommands () |
| Adds an absolute movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent. More... | |
| void | allowAbsoluteMovementCommand (const std::string &verb) |
| Adds an allow-list to the absolute movement command handler if none present. More... | |
| void | allowAllInventoryCommands () |
| Adds an inventory command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent. More... | |
| void | allowInventoryCommand (const std::string &verb) |
| Adds an allow-list to the inventory command handler if none present. More... | |
| void | allowAllChatCommands () |
| Adds a chat command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent. More... | |
| std::string | getSummary () const |
| Returns the short description of the mission. More... | |
| int | getNumberOfAgents () const |
| Returns the number of agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| bool | isVideoRequested (int role) const |
| Gets whether video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| bool | isDepthRequested (int role) const |
| Gets whether depthmap video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| bool | isLuminanceRequested (int role) const |
| Gets whether luminance video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| bool | isColourMapRequested (int role) const |
| Gets whether colourmap video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| int | getVideoWidth (int role) const |
| Returns the width of the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| int | getVideoHeight (int role) const |
| Returns the height of the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| int | getVideoChannels (int role) const |
| Returns the number of channels in the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| std::vector< std::string > | getListOfCommandHandlers (int role) const |
| Returns a list of the names of the active command handlers for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| std::vector< std::string > | getAllowedCommands (int role, const std::string &command_handler) const |
| Returns a list of the names of the allowed commands for one of the agents involved in this mission. More... | |
| int | getChildCount (const std::string &element, const std::string &childName) const |
| Count the number of children with the given child name or -1 if no such element path is present. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const std::string | XMLNS_XSI |
| static const std::string | MALMO_NAMESPACE |
Friends | |
| class | MissionInitSpec |
| std::ostream & | operator<< (std::ostream &os, const MissionSpec &ms) |
Specifies a mission to be run.
| malmo::MissionSpec::MissionSpec | ( | const std::string & | xml, |
| bool | validate | ||
| ) |
Constructs a mission from the supplied XML as specified here: Schemas/Mission.html
| xml | The full XML of the mission. |
| validate | If true, then throws an xml_schema::exception if the XML is not compliant with the schema. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAbsoluteMovementCommand | ( | const std::string & | verb | ) |
Adds an allow-list to the absolute movement command handler if none present.
Adds the specified verb to the allow-list. Note that when an allow-list is present, only the commands listed are allowed. Adds an absolute movement command handler if none present. Removes the deny-list from the absolute movement command handler if present. Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| verb | The command verb, e.g. "tpx". |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAllAbsoluteMovementCommands | ( | ) |
Adds an absolute movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent.
Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAllChatCommands | ( | ) |
Adds a chat command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent.
Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAllContinuousMovementCommands | ( | ) |
Adds a continuous movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent.
Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAllDiscreteMovementCommands | ( | ) |
Adds a discrete movement command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent.
Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowAllInventoryCommands | ( | ) |
Adds an inventory command handler if none present, with neither an allow-list or a deny-list, thus allowing any command to be sent.
Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowContinuousMovementCommand | ( | const std::string & | verb | ) |
Adds an allow-list to the continuous movement command handler if none present.
Adds the specified verb to the allow-list. Note that when an allow-list is present, only the commands listed are allowed. Adds a continuous movement command handler if none present. Removes the deny-list from the continuous movement command handler if present. Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| verb | The command verb, e.g. "move". |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowDiscreteMovementCommand | ( | const std::string & | verb | ) |
Adds an allow-list to the discrete movement command handler if none present.
Adds the specified verb to the allow-list. Note that when an allow-list is present, only the commands listed are allowed. Adds a discrete movement command handler if none present. Removes the deny-list from the discrete movement command handler if present. Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| verb | The command verb, e.g. "movenorth". |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::allowInventoryCommand | ( | const std::string & | verb | ) |
Adds an allow-list to the inventory command handler if none present.
Adds the specified verb to the allow-list. Note that when an allow-list is present, only the commands listed are allowed. Adds an inventory command handler if none present. Removes the deny-list from the inventory command handler if present. Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| verb | The command verb, e.g. "selectInventoryItem". |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::createDefaultTerrain | ( | ) |
Instead of the default flat world, make a world using Minecraft's terrain generator.
Calling this will reset the world seed and forceReset flag - see setWorldSeed() and forceWorldReset().
| void malmo::MissionSpec::drawBlock | ( | int | x, |
| int | y, | ||
| int | z, | ||
| const std::string & | blockType | ||
| ) |
Draw a Minecraft block in the world.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| blockType | A string corresponding to one of the Minecraft block types. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::drawCuboid | ( | int | x1, |
| int | y1, | ||
| int | z1, | ||
| int | x2, | ||
| int | y2, | ||
| int | z2, | ||
| const std::string & | blockType | ||
| ) |
Draw a solid cuboid in the world.
| x1 | The west-most location. |
| y1 | The down-most location. |
| z1 | The north-most location. |
| x2 | The east-most location. |
| y2 | The up-most location. |
| z2 | The south-most location. |
| blockType | A string corresponding to one of the Minecraft block types. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::drawItem | ( | int | x, |
| int | y, | ||
| int | z, | ||
| const std::string & | itemType | ||
| ) |
Draw a Minecraft item in the world.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| itemType | A string corresponding to one of the Minecraft item types. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::drawLine | ( | int | x1, |
| int | y1, | ||
| int | z1, | ||
| int | x2, | ||
| int | y2, | ||
| int | z2, | ||
| const std::string & | blockType | ||
| ) |
Draw a line of blocks in the world.
| x1 | The east-west location of the first end. |
| y1 | The up-down location of the first end. |
| z1 | The north-south location of the first end. |
| x2 | The east-west location of the second end. |
| y2 | The up-down location of the second end. |
| z2 | The north-south location of the second end. |
| blockType | A string corresponding to one of the Minecraft block types. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::drawSphere | ( | int | x, |
| int | y, | ||
| int | z, | ||
| int | radius, | ||
| const std::string & | blockType | ||
| ) |
Draw a solid sphere of blocks in the world.
| x | The east-west location of the center. |
| y | The up-down location of the center. |
| z | The north-south location of the center. |
| radius | The radius of the sphere. |
| blockType | A string corresponding to one of the Minecraft block types. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::endAt | ( | float | x, |
| float | y, | ||
| float | z, | ||
| float | tolerance | ||
| ) |
Sets the end location for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Can be called more than once if there are multiple positions that end the mission for this agent. Integer coordinates are at the corners of blocks, so to end in the center of a block, use e.g. 4.5 instead of 4.0.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| tolerance | The radius that the agent must be within. Euclidean distance. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::forceWorldReset | ( | ) |
Force Minecraft to reload the world rather than use the current one (if appropriate).
Call this after the world generator has been set (eg after calling createDefaultTerrain() ).
| std::vector<std::string> malmo::MissionSpec::getAllowedCommands | ( | int | role, |
| const std::string & | command_handler | ||
| ) | const |
Returns a list of the names of the allowed commands for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| command_handler | The name of the command handler, as returned by getListOfCommandHandlers(). |
| std::string malmo::MissionSpec::getAsXML | ( | bool | prettyPrint | ) | const |
Gets the mission specification as an XML string.
Only use if you want to save the mission to file.
| prettyPrint | If true, add indentation and newlines to the XML to make it more readable. |
| int malmo::MissionSpec::getChildCount | ( | const std::string & | element, |
| const std::string & | childName | ||
| ) | const |
Count the number of children with the given child name or -1 if no such element path is present.
Useful for quick litmus tests on mission XML documents.
| elementPath | The element's path. |
| childName | The name of child elements. |
| std::vector<std::string> malmo::MissionSpec::getListOfCommandHandlers | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Returns a list of the names of the active command handlers for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| int malmo::MissionSpec::getNumberOfAgents | ( | ) | const |
Returns the number of agents involved in this mission.
| std::string malmo::MissionSpec::getSummary | ( | ) | const |
Returns the short description of the mission.
| int malmo::MissionSpec::getVideoChannels | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Returns the number of channels in the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| int malmo::MissionSpec::getVideoHeight | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Returns the height of the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| int malmo::MissionSpec::getVideoWidth | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Returns the width of the requested video for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| bool malmo::MissionSpec::isColourMapRequested | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Gets whether colourmap video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| bool malmo::MissionSpec::isDepthRequested | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Gets whether depthmap video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| bool malmo::MissionSpec::isLuminanceRequested | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Gets whether luminance video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| bool malmo::MissionSpec::isVideoRequested | ( | int | role | ) | const |
Gets whether video has been requested for one of the agents involved in this mission.
| role | The agent index. Zero based. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::observeDistance | ( | float | x, |
| float | y, | ||
| float | z, | ||
| const std::string & | name | ||
| ) |
Asks for the Euclidean distance to a location to be included in the observations.
Only supports single agent missions. Integer coordinates are at the corners of blocks, so for distances from the center of a block, use e.g. 4.5 instead of 4.0. The commands are returned in a JSON element 'distanceFromNAME', where NAME is replaced with the name of the point. Documentation link: Schemas/MissionHandlers.html
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| name | A label for this observation. The observation will be called "distanceFrom<name>". |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::observeFullInventory | ( | ) |
Asks for the full item inventory of the player to be included in the observations.
Only supports single agent missions. The commands are returned in JSON entries 'Inventory_0_size', 'Inventory_0_item', etc. Documentation link: Schemas/MissionHandlers.html
| void malmo::MissionSpec::observeGrid | ( | int | x1, |
| int | y1, | ||
| int | z1, | ||
| int | x2, | ||
| int | y2, | ||
| int | z2, | ||
| const std::string & | name | ||
| ) |
Asks for observations of the block types within a cuboid relative to the agent's position.
Only supports single agent missions. The commands are returned in a JSON entry 'Cells'. Documentation link: Schemas/MissionHandlers.html
| x1 | The west-most location. |
| y1 | The down-most location. |
| z1 | The north-most location. |
| x2 | The east-most location. |
| y2 | The up-most location. |
| z2 | The south-most location. |
| name | An name to identify the JSON array that will be returned. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::observeHotBar | ( | ) |
Asks for the contents of the player's hot-bar to be included in the observations.
Only supports single agent missions. The commands are returned in JSON entries 'Hotbar_0_size', 'Hotbar_0_item', etc. Documentation link: Schemas/MissionHandlers.html
| void malmo::MissionSpec::observeRecentCommands | ( | ) |
Asks for the list of commands acted upon since the last timestep to be returned in the observations.
Only supports single agent missions. The commands are returned in a JSON entry called 'CommandsSinceLastObservation'. Documentation link: Schemas/MissionHandlers.html
| void malmo::MissionSpec::removeAllCommandHandlers | ( | ) |
Remove any existing command handlers from the mission specification.
Use with other functions to add exactly the command handlers you want. Only applies to the first agent in the mission. For multi-agent missions, specify the command handlers for each in the XML.
| void malmo::MissionSpec::request32bppDepth | ( | int | width, |
| int | height | ||
| ) |
Asks for 32bpp depth data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Data will be delivered in a TimestampedVideoFrame structure as an array of floats. The default camera viewpoint will be used (first-person view) - use setViewpoint to change this.
| width | The width of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 4. |
| height | The height of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 2. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::requestColourMap | ( | int | width, |
| int | height | ||
| ) |
Asks for 24bpp colourmap image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Data will be delivered in a TimestampedVideoFrame structure as RGBRGB... The default camera viewpoint will be used (first-person view) - use setViewpoint to change this.
| width | The width of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 4. |
| height | The height of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 2. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::requestLuminance | ( | int | width, |
| int | height | ||
| ) |
Asks for 8bpp greyscale image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Data will be delivered in a TimestampedVideoFrame structure as LLLL... The default camera viewpoint will be used (first-person view) - use setViewpoint to change this.
| width | The width of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 4. |
| height | The height of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 2. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::requestVideo | ( | int | width, |
| int | height | ||
| ) |
Asks for image data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Data will be delivered in a TimestampedVideoFrame structure as RGBRGBRGB... The default camera viewpoint will be used (first-person view) - use setViewpoint to change this.
| width | The width of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 4. |
| height | The height of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 2. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::requestVideoWithDepth | ( | int | width, |
| int | height | ||
| ) |
Asks for image data and depth data to be sent from Minecraft for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Data will be delivered in a TimestampedVideoFrame structure as RGBDRGBDRGBD... If saving the video to file only the depth will be recorded, as greyscale.
| width | The width of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 4. |
| height | The height of the image in pixels. Ensure this is divisible by 2. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::rewardForReachingPosition | ( | float | x, |
| float | y, | ||
| float | z, | ||
| float | amount, | ||
| float | tolerance | ||
| ) |
Asks for a reward to be sent to the agent when it reaches a certain position.
Only supports single agent missions. Integer coordinates are at the corners of blocks, so for rewards in the center of a block, use e.g. 4.5 instead of 4.0.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| amount | The reward value to send. |
| tolerance | The radius that the agent must be within to receive the reward. Euclidean distance. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::setSummary | ( | const std::string & | summary | ) |
Sets the summary description of the mission.
| summary | The string describing the mission. Shorter strings display best. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::setTimeOfDay | ( | int | t, |
| bool | allowTimeToPass | ||
| ) |
Sets the time of day for the start of the mission.
| t | The time of day, in Minecraft ticks (thousandths of an hour since dawn). eg. 0 = Dawn, 6000 = Noon, 12000 = Sunset, 18000 = Midnight. |
| allowTimeToPass | If false then the sun does not move. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::setViewpoint | ( | int | viewpoint | ) |
Sets the camera position.
Modifies the existing video request, so call this after requestVideo or requestVideoWithDepth.
| viewpoint | The camera position to use. 0 = first person, 1 = behind, 2 = facing. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::setWorldSeed | ( | const std::string & | seed | ) |
Set the seed used for Minecraft's terrain generation.
Call this after the world generator has been set (eg after calling createDefaultTerrain() ).
| void malmo::MissionSpec::startAt | ( | float | x, |
| float | y, | ||
| float | z | ||
| ) |
Sets the start location for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Integer coordinates are at the corners of blocks, so to start in the center of a block, use e.g. 4.5 instead of 4.0.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::startAtWithPitchAndYaw | ( | float | x, |
| float | y, | ||
| float | z, | ||
| float | pitch, | ||
| float | yaw | ||
| ) |
Sets the start location and angles for the agent.
Only supports single agent missions. Integer coordinates are at the corners of blocks, so to start in the center of a block, use e.g. 4.5 instead of 4.0.
| x | The east-west location. |
| y | The up-down location. |
| z | The north-south location. |
| yaw | The yaw in degrees (180 = north, 270 = east, 0 = south, 90 = west) |
| pitch | The pitch in degrees (-90 = straight up, 90 = straight down, 0 = horizontal) |
| void malmo::MissionSpec::timeLimitInSeconds | ( | float | s | ) |
Sets the time limit for the mission.
| s | The time limit in seconds. |


Multiflow Projects¶
Standard ADMIT projects involve the analysis of individual FITS cubes by way of user-created data flows—pipelines (or trees) composed of ADMIT tasks (ATs), each manipulating data products (BDPs) in a well-defined manner. In some cases, however, one wishes to combine results from several sources or observations (each with their own unique flow) into a single data flow; e.g., to calculate the OverlapIntegral of several Moment maps, or to apply a specific analysis sequence to similar BDPs spanning several projects, without having to modify each project individually. Projects whose flows involve data products from multiple projects are called multiflows in ADMIT (not to be confused with Multiflow Computer, R.I.P.).
Multiflows are constructed by linking one or more tasks from other projects into the multiflow project, thereby allowing any of their outputs to be data inputs to the flow. Linked tasks always reside at the root of a multiflow and their own inputs can not be modified (as they are already determined by their parent flow). In normal flows, by contrast, only ATs taking no BDP inputs (e.g., Ingest) may appear as roots of the flow. Otherwise, multiflows are constructed and operate similarly to other flows.
At the Python scripting level, a linked task is simply a task reference obtained from an existing AT via a call to its link() method. One can then add() the cloned object to another (now multiflow) project as usual, except that no source connections may be specified. Note that linking an AT also locks its parent flow in the sense that no operation resulting in removal of the original AT (or tasks it depends upon) will be permitted, as this would render the dependent multiflow project non-functional. Deleting a linked task from the multiflow project will unlink() the AT and unlock its parent project (if it no longer contains any linked tasks).
Data localization in multiflows requires special attention. In normal (uniflow) projects, all data products are written to a single ADMIT project directory, typically named in parallel with the corresponding FITS cube at the root of the flow. If linked ATs are modified in a multiflow (by changing one or more of their keyword values), the tasks will be re-executed when the flow is run. Data outputs from linked tasks, however, are always written to their original, parent project directories. Other tasks in the multiflow write their data to the working project directory, which may be either the multiflow project directory or a parent project directory as described below. Note that executing a linked task from a multiflow will mark its dependent tasks (if any) in the parent project as out of date, but will not re-execute them; this minimizes multiflow run time.
ADMIT supports two basic types of multiflows:
- N-to-1 flows, where data products from N projects are combined in a single multiflow.
- 1-to-N flows, where a single multiflow is automatically applied to compatible data products residing in N individual flows.
These are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
N-to-1 Multiflows¶
In this class of multiflows, the project will contain N linked ATs at the root of the flow. It does not matter whether the linked tasks are all from a single parent project, distinct parents, or somewhere in between, except that linked ATs from the same parent project should not depend on each other (unless such ATs are treated read-only in the multiflow). Once added to the multiflow, the flow can be extended, executed and manipulated like any other flow. The results of this type of multiflow are written to the multiflow project directory—i.e., the working project is the multiflow project.
1-to-N Multiflows¶
This type of multiflow is essentially a template or generator flow that is automatically applied to each AT in a list of tasks, as if the user had manually duplicated and attached the sub-flow to each AT in its parent project. To construct a template multiflow, one first constructs an N-to-1 multiflow (where N = 1 here), using any one of the ATs present in the task list (or any AT of compatible type) as the linked AT at the root of the flow. After the standard N-to-1 multiflow is created and (optionally) tested, the resulting flow can be sequentially applied to a list of tasks (with arbitrary parent projects) in an automated, batch processing mode. All tasks in the list must have output signatures (numbers and types of BDPs) compatible with the prototype (linked) task used to initiate the multiflow. In batch mode, the working project is the parent project of the current AT and all associated flow output is written to its originating project directory. Outside of batch match, executing the flow will direct output to the multiflow project directory (as for any other N-to-1 multiflow).


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The service desk with bots using Amazon Lex and Amazon Connect (Part 2)
Hopefully you’ve had the chance to follow along in parts 1 where we set up our Lex chatbot to take and validate input.
In this blog, we’ll interface with our Active Directory environment to perform the password reset function. To do this, we need to create a Lambda function that will be used as the logic to fulfil the user’s intent. The Lambda function will be packaged with the python LDAP library to modify the AD password attribute for the user. Below are the components that need to be configured.
Active Directory Service Account
To begin, we need to start by creating a service account in Active Directory that has permissions to modify the password attribute for all users. Our Lambda function will then use this service account to perform password resets. To do this, create a service account in your Active Directory domain and perform the following to delegate the required permissions:
- Open Active Directory Users and Computers.
- Right click the OU or container that contains organisational users and click Delegate Control
- Click Next on the Welcome Wizard.
- Click Add and enter the service account that will be granted the reset password permission.
- Click OK once you’ve made your selection, followed by Next.
- Ensure that Delegate the following common tasks is enabled, and select Reset user passwords and force password change at next logon.
- Click Next, and Finish
KMS Key for the AD Service Account
Our Lambda function will need to use the credentials for the service account to perform password resets. We want to avoid storing credentials within our Lambda function, so we’ll store the password as an encrypted Lambda variable and allow our Lambda function to decrypt it using Amazon’s Key Management Service (KMS). To create the KMS encryption key, perform the following steps:
- In the Amazon Console, navigate to IAM
- Select Encryption Keys, then Create key
- Provide an Alias (e.g. resetpw) then select Next
- Select Next Step for all subsequent steps then Finish on step 5 to create the key.
IAM Role for the Lambda Function
Because our Lambda function will need access to several AWS services such as SNS to notify the user of their new password and KMS to decrypt the service account password, we need to provide our function with an IAM role that has the relevant permissions. To do this, perform the following steps:
- In the Amazon Console, navigate to IAM
- Select Policies then Create policy
- Switch to the JSON editor, then copy and paste the following policy, replacing the KMS resource with the KMS ARN created above
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "sns:Publish", "Resource": "*" }, { "Effect": "Allow", "Action": "kms:Decrypt", "Resource": "<KMS ARN>" } ] }
- Provide a name for the policy (e.g. resetpw), then select Create policy
- After the policy has been created, select Roles, then Create Role
- For the AWS Service, select Lambda, then click Next:Permissions
- Search for and select the policy you created in step 5, as well as the AWSLambdaVPCAccessExecutionRole and AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole policies then click Next: Review
- Provide a name for the role (e.g. resetpw) then click Create role
Network Configuration for the Lambda Function
To access our Active Directory environment, the Lambda function will need to run within a VPC or a peered VPC that hosts an Active Directory domain controller. Additionally, we need the function to access the internet to be able to access the KMS and SNS services. Lambda functions provisioned in a VPC are assigned an Elastic network Interface with a private IP address from the subnet it’s deployed in. Because the ENI doesn’t have a public IP address, it cannot simply leverage an internet gateway attached to the VPC for internet connectivity and as a result, must have traffic routed through a NAT Gateway similar to the diagram below.
Password Reset Lambda Function
Now that we’ve performed all the preliminary steps, we can start building the Lambda function. Because the Lambda execution environment uses Amazon Linux, I prefer to build my Lambda deployment package on a local Amazon Linux docker container to ensure library compatibility. Alternatively, you could deploy a small Amazon Linux EC2 instance for this purpose, which can assist with troubleshooting if it’s deployed in the same VPC as your AD environment. Okay, so let’s get started on building the lambda function. Log in to your Amazon Linux instance/container, and perform the following:
-
Create a project directory and install python-ldap dependencies, gcc, python-devel and openldap-devel
Mkdir ~/resetpw
sudo yum install python-devel openldap-devel gcc
-
Next, we’re going to download the python-ldap library to the directory we created
Pip install python-ldap -t ~/resetpw
-
In the resetpw directory, create a file called reset_function.py and copy and paste the following script
import ldap
import os
import boto3
import random
import string
from base64 import b64decode
#Variables
url=os.environ['url']
domain_base_dn=os.environ['domain_base_dn']
user=os.environ['user']
ENCRYPTED=os.environ['pw']
pw=boto3.client('kms').decrypt(CiphertextBlob=b64decode(ENCRYPTED))['Plaintext']
def lambda_handler(event, context):
#Set up LDAP connection
ldap.set_option(ldap.OPT_X_TLS_REQUIRE_CERT, ldap.OPT_X_TLS_NEVER)
con = ldap.initialize(url)
con.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
con.bind_s(user,pw)
slotUserID = event["currentIntent"]["slots"]["UserID"]
results = con.search_ext_s(domain_base_dn,ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"sAMAccountName=" + slotUserID,attrlist=['monthStarted', 'birthDate', 'distinguishedName','telephoneNumber'])
birthdate = results[0][1]["birthDate"][0]
monthStarted = results[0][1]["monthStarted"][0]
phoneNumber = results[0][1]["telephoneNumber"][0]
slotBirthDate = event["currentIntent"]["slots"]["DOB"]
slotMonth = event["currentIntent"]["slots"]["MonthStarted"]
# Reset Password
if((birthdate == slotBirthDate) and (monthStarted == slotMonth)):
new_password = ''.join(random.choice(string.letters + string.digits + string.punctuation) for _ in range(10))
unicode_pass = unicode('\"' + new_password + '\"', 'iso-8859-1')
password_value = unicode_pass.encode('utf-16-le')
add_pass = [(ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_value])]
con.modify_s(results[0][1]["distinguishedName"][0],add_pass)
sns = boto3.client('sns')
sns.publish(PhoneNumber=phoneNumber, Message='Your new password is ' + new_password )
endData = {
"dialogAction": {
"type": "Close",
"fulfillmentState": "Fulfilled",
"message": {
"contentType": "PlainText",
"content": "Your password has been reset and sent to your mobile."
}
}
}
else:
endData = {
"dialogAction": {
"type": "Close",
"fulfillmentState": "Failed",
"message": {
"contentType": "PlainText",
"content": "The details you provided are incorrect. Goodbye"
}
}
}
con.unbind()
return endData
- Now, we need to create the Lambda deployment package. As the package size is correlated with the speed of Lambda function cold starts, we need to filter out anything that’s not necessary to reduce the package size. The following zip’s the script and LDAP library:
Cd ~/resetpw
zip -r ~/resetpw.zip . -x "setuptools*/*" "pkg_resources/*" "easy_install*"*
- We need to deploy this package as a Lambda function. I’ve got AWSCLI installed in my Amazon Linux container, so I’m using the following CLI to create the Lambda function. Alternatively, you can download the zip file and manually create the Lambda function in the AWS console using the same parameters specified in the CLI below.
aws lambda create-function --function-name reset_function --region us-east-1 --zip-file fileb://root/resetpw.zip --role resetpw --handler reset_function.lambda_handler --runtime python2.7 --timeout 30 --vpc-config SubnetIds=subnet-a12b3cde,SecurityGroupIds=sg-0ab12c30 --memory-size 128*
-
For the script to run in your environment, a number of Lambda variables need to be set which will be used at runtime. In the AWS Console, navigate to Lambda then click on your newly created Lambda function. In the environment variables section, create the following variables:
- Url – This is the LDAPS URL for your domain controller. Note that it must be LDAP over SSL.
- Domain_base_dn – The base distinguished name used to search for the user
- User – The service account that has permissions to change the user password
- Pw – The password of the service account
-
Finally, we need to encrypt the Pw variable in the Lambda console. Navigate to the Encryption configuration and select Enable helpers for encryption in transit. Select your KMS key for both encryption in transit and at reset, then select the Encrypt button next to the pw variable. This will encrypt and mask the value.
- Hit Save in the top right-hand corner to save the environment variables
That’s it! The Lambda function is now configured. A summary of the Lambda function’s logic is as follows:
- Collect the Lambda environment variables and decrypt the service account password
- Perform a secure AD bind but don’t verify the certificate (I’m using a Self-Signed Cert in my lab)
- Collect the user’s birthday, start month, telephone number, and DN from AD
- Check the user’s verification input
- If the input is correct, reset the password and send it to the user’s telephone number, otherwise exit the function.
Update and test Lex bot fulfillment
The final step is to add the newly created Lambda function to the Lex bot so it’s invoked after input is validated. To do this, perform the following
- In the Amazon Console, navigate to Amazon Lex and select your bot
- Select Fulfillment for your password reset intent, then select AWS Lambda function
- Choose the recently created Lambda function from the drop down box, then select Save Intent
That should be it! You’ll need to build your bot again before testing…
My phone buzzes with a new SMS…
Success! A few final things worth noting:
All Lambda execution logs will be written to CloudWatch logs, so this is the best place to begin troubleshooting if required Modification to the AD password attribute is not possible without a secure bind and will result in an error. The interrogated fields (month started and date of birth) are custom AD attributes in my lab. Password complexity in my lab is relaxed. If you’re using the default password complexity in AD, the randomly generated password in the lambda function may not meet complexity requirements every time.
While we’ve successfully tested this functionality in the AWS console, we want to provide our users with the ability to call and talk with the bot over the phone. Here, we’ll wire up Amazon Connect with our bot to provide this capability.
What is Amazon Connect
Amazon Connect is a Cloud based contact service center that can be set up in minutes to take phone calls and route them to the correct service center agents. Additionally, Connect is able to integrate with Amazon Lex to create a self-service experience, providing a cost effective method for resolving customer queries without having to wait in queue for a human agent. In our case, Lex will be integrated with Amazon Connect to field password reset requests.
Provisioning Amazon Connect
The following steps provision the base Amazon Connect tenant:
- Begin by heading to the AWS Console, then navigate to Amazon Connect and select Add an instance.
- Specify a sub-domain for the access URL which will be used to log into Amazon Connect. Select Next step.
- For now, skip creating an administrator by selecting Skip this, then select Next step.
- For Telephony Options ensure Incoming Calls is selected and Outbound Calls is unselected, then click Next step.
- Accept the default data storage configuration and select Next step.
- Finally, review the information provided and select Create instance.
That’s all that’s required to provision the Amazon Connect service. Pretty simple stuff. It takes a few minutes to provision, then you’ll be ready to begin configuring your Amazon Connect tenant.
Configuring Amazon Connect
Next, we need to claim a phone number to be used with our service:
- Once Amazon Connect has been provisioned, click Get started to log into your Amazon Connect instance.
- On the Welcome to Amazon Connect page, select Let’s Go.
-
To claim a phone number, select your preferred country code and type then select Next. You may find that there are no available numbers for your country of choice (like the screenshot below). If that’s the case and it’s necessary that you have a local number, you can raise a support case with Amazon. For testing purposes, I’m happy to provision a US number and use Google Hangouts to dial the number for free.
- When prompted to make a call, choose Skip for now.
You should now be at the Amazon Connect dashboard where there are several options, but before we can continue, we first need to add the Lex bot to Amazon Connect to allow it to be used within a contact flow.
Adding Lex to Amazon Connect
- Switch back to the AWS Console and navigate to Amazon Connect.
- Select the Amazon Connect instance alias created in the previous step.
- On the left-hand side, select Contact Flows.
- Under the Amazon Lex section, click Add Lex Bot, and select the user administration bot we created.
- Select Save Lex Bots.
Now that our bot has been added to Amazon Connect, we should be able to create an appropriate Contact Flow that leverages our bot.
Creating the Contact Flow
- Switch back to the Amazon Connect dashboard then navigate to Contact Flows under routing on the left sidebar.
- Select Create contact flow and enter a name (e.g. User administration) for the contact flow.
- Expand the Interact menu item then click and drag Get customer input to the grid.
- Click the Get customer input item, and set the following properties:
- Enable Text to speech then add a greeting text (e.g. Welcome to the cloud call center. What would you like assistance with?).
- Ensure that Interpret as is set to Text
- Choose the Amazon Lex option, then add the Lex Bot name (e.g. UserAdministration) and set the alias to $LATEST to ensure it uses the latest build of the bot.
- Under Intents, select Add a parameter then enter the password reset intent for the Lex Bot (e.g. ResetPW)
-
Select Save to save the configuration.
It’s worth noting that if you wanted to send the user’s mobile number through to your Lex bot for verification purposes, this can be done by sending a session attribute as shown below. The phone number will be passed to the Lambda function in the sessionAttributes object.
-
On the left sidebar, expand Terminate/Transfer then drag and drop Disconnect/Hang up onto the grid.
-
Connect the Start entry point to the Get Customer Input box and connect all the branches of the Get Customer Input Box to the Disconnect/Hang up box as shown below.
We could have added more complex flows to deal with unrecognised intents or handle additional requests that our Lex bot isn’t configured for (both of which would be forwarded to a human agent), however this is outside the scope of this blog post.
- In the top right-hand corner above the grid, select the down arrow, then Save & Publish.
Setting the Contact Flow
Now that we have a contact flow created, we need to attach it to the phone number we provisioned earlier.
- On the left sidebar in the Amazon Connect console, select Phone Numbers under the Routing menu then select the phone number listed.
- Under the Contact Flow/IVR dropdown menu, select the Contact flow you created, then select Save.
Testing the Contact Flow
Now that we’ve associated the contact flow with the phone number, you’re ready for testing! Remember, if you’ve provisioned a number in the US (and you’re overseas), you can dial for free using Google hangouts.
That’s it! You now have a fully functioning chatbot that can be called and spoken to. From here, you can add more intents to build a bot that can handle several simple user administration tasks.
A few things worth noting:
- You may notice that Lex repeats the user ID as a number, rather than individual digits. Unfortunately, Amazon Connect doesn’t support SSML content from Lex at this time however it’s in the product roadmap.
- You can view missed utterances on the Monitoring tab on your Lex bot and potentially add them to existing intents. This is a great way to monitor and expand on the capability of your bot.


FileLoader Class Referenceabstract
#include <FileLoader.h>
Inheritance diagram for FileLoader:
Public Member Functions | |
| vector2D | loadFile (const char *filePath, size_t row, size_t col) |
| virtual void | printLoadMode ()=0 |
Protected Attributes | |
| std::stringstream | ss |
Detailed Description
abstract class of FileLoader
Member Function Documentation
| vector2D FileLoader::loadFile | ( | const char * | filePath, |
| size_t | row, | ||
| size_t | col | ||
| ) |
load File
- Parameters
-
filePath row number of rows of the matrix col number of columns of the matrix
- Returns
- 2D vector<double> of the dataset
|
pure virtual |
print the loading mode
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- include/otherClasses/FileLoader.h
- src/FileLoader/FileLoader.cpp


--- layout: default markdown_body: "" sitemap: exclude: yes --- {% include header.html %}
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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %} {% block app_content %}
Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language.Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language
Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language.Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language
Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language.Pandas is an open source, BSD-licensed library providing high-performance, easy-to-use data structures and data analysis tools for the Python programming language


Connecting the disadvantaged to teachers, lawyers, and educational resources
ELEVATE is a non-profit dedicated to providing the underprivileged with necessary resources and connections. ELEVATE seeks to connect people with lawyers, teachers, and social workers depending on their needs. We hope to help minors gain access to educational resources and increase access to legal aid for financially-strained adults.
We collect educational resources and donate them to communities in need.
We recruit teachers to travel with us and educate impoverished communities.
We provide legal aid and advice to those who cannot afford it. We connect minors to social workers.


Documentation for Swift and Objective-C project using Jazzy
How amazing it would be if we could just focus on code writing and at the same time have all the documentation of our projects created automatically. Even better if it could have the same feeling and style of Apple’s official documentation, right?
It is completely possible using Jazzy!
Overview
In this project, you can find a few technics to write native documentation while coding and have it converted to a great website that can be hosted using Github Pages.
Jazzy generates all the HTML, CSS and JS files for us. So, we don’t need to worry about that. There can be a description of classes, enums, protocols, extensions, functions, properties, and a lot more.
How to get started with Jazzy?
Simply hold Command
+ Space
, type Terminal in the Spotlight Search and hit return
.
Now, type the following command:
sudo gem install jazzy
Enter your system password and wait until the process is completed.
Now it’s time to add some native documentation to our Xcode project.
It’s important to understand a little bit about Markdown, once that’s the way we need to comment our code to be used by Jazzy to generate the documentation for us.
Here you can read the Markdown Guide to give you some great inspiration.
Take a look at this screenshot to have a glance at how I have commented on the class and how the native documentation looks like on the quick help inspector on the right side.
Are you ready for the magic?
Back to Terminal and navigate to project root folder using the following command:
cd YOUR-PROJECT-ROOT-FOLDER-PATH
Ah, I was almost forgetting! If you need any extra help, you can use:
jazzy --help
Now for creating the magical document, just use:
jazzy --min-acl internal
And that’s it!
Go to your Xcode project folder and you will see a folder ‘docs’. Open the index.html and you will get your shine Apple’s style documentation that will look like this:
But wait! Is there a way to make it even better?
Of course, there is! Instead of typing a weird code every time you want to re-generate your docs. Such as:
jazzy --min-acl internal
Why not making it sound more natural by encapsulating the Jazzy commands and settings inside of a Makefile?
Creating a Makefile
documentation:
@jazzy \
--min-acl internal \
--no-hide-documentation-coverage \
--theme apple \
--output ./docs \
--documentation=./*.md
@rm -rf ./build
Just open your favorite text editor and create a new Makefile with the code above and save it on the root folder of your Xcode project.
From now on we can simply run the code below on the Terminal to generate the documentation.
make documentation
Some explanations:
min-acl internal
To document all public functions and variables, we set it to internal
. But, if you would like also to document and expose private
and fileprivate
functions, the min-acl will need to be set to private.
no-hide-documentation-coverage Enables the project documentation percentage in the docs.
theme apple Pick the best theme for your project. Check the examples below:
output ./docs That is the output path of the generated documentation.
documentation = ./ * md Last but not least, we can add a section in the generated docs with a link to the ReadMe. So, we can use that as a home page for the docs.
Hosting brand new docs on GitHub Pages
Of course, you can host your docs on any website hosting you might own. Here I’m showing you how to use GitHub Pages. If, and only if you meet one of the following criteria.
- Your project must be set to public on Github.
- You have a Github Pro account
First of all, commit and push your project to Github and then:
- Go to your Github Settings
- Scroll to the bottom of the page until you find the section for the Github Pages
- Open the source dropdown menu and select the docs folder
That’s it. You will get a custom URL that you can use to link the ReadMe page to your brand new documentation. So, go ahead and check the one I have generated for this project.
Documentation
Documentation examples for this project can be found here.
License
This project is released under the MIT license.


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why does everybody and everything need social networking?????


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South America is a continent with mny countries and lots of historical cultural shifts. From colonization in late 1400s to then later colonization in the 1800s several countries in the continent are an interesting mix of many cultures. Both Peru and Mexio are countries that are popular in tourism and rich in history.
Cabo, Mexico City, Cancun
Mexico is a country with amazing culture in so many of its cities. I have showed pictures of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico City, and Cancun in my blog because I think each offer a unique perspective to Mexico. Being so close to California Cabo has a much more Western feel to it and much of the food is bbq style and smokey. Cancun has a lot more tourism and so much of the cities attractions are based off that. Mexico City is where a lot more local people tend to reside and is the economic district of the country.
Lima and Cusco Peru
Lima is home to one of the most amazing fallen civilizations the city of Machu Picchu. It was home to an Inca tribe in the 1500's high in the Andes mountains and is one of the most beautiful sights in South America. Besides Macchu Picchu, Lima, Peru is a beautiful city with colorful and unqiue architecture. When I saw Machu Picchu, just the overall view for the first time itself was enough to make it my favourite sight in the world. Its breathtaking and beautiful and worth the hike.


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----


PM Imran Khan to chair PTI core committee's meeting today
by https://www.facebook.com/dunyanewsISLAMABAD (Dunya News) – Prime Minister and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) chairman Imran Khan on Sunday has summoned the party’s core committee meeting in Islamabad to analyse political and economic situation of the country, Dunya News reported.
All core committee members have been directed to ensure their attendance at the meeting. The committees formed during the core committee’s previous meeting will submit their preliminary report in today’s meeting.
Besides, PTI’s legal team will take the core committee into confidence about the foreign funding case, and a strategy for the implementation of the party’s manifesto will also be finalised.
The core committee will be informed about the current political situation in the country and the activities of the opposition parties.
Importantly, a counter-strategy for the opposition’s possible plans will be considered while some important decisions are also expected during the meeting.


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This note describes an LED blinking program for the Olimex STM32-P103 ARM Cortex M3 board written in assembly language.
It shows the commands for assembling and linking with the GNU assembler and linker and also the commands for burning the program into the board's flash memory via a JTAG connector and the OpenOCD software.
The binary file is also available in case you would like to jump right to burning it into flash.
The Olimex STM32-P103 ARM Cortex M3 board is available from Olimex (http://olimex.com/dev/stm32-p103.html) or SparkFun (http://www.sparkfun.com/products/8560).
The MCU is an ST Micros STM32F103RBT6 with 128KB flash and 20KB RAM (and lots of IO, timers, serial ports, etc.).
The board connects bit 12 of Port C to the LED (labeled "STAT" on the board). When bit 12 of Port C is low, the LED lights up.
The software described here, needed to preprocess, assemble, link, and burn the demo program into the ARM Cortex board, runs on Linux. If you do not have Linux available, it can be as simple as temporarily booting an Ubuntu live CD (see details at http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy/).
We use (parts of) the GNU toolchain, running on Linux (such as Ubuntu 10.04). In particular we need the GNU "binutils" package, which includes the ARM assembler and linker and some utilities to manipulate the output files. We do not need the C or C++ compiler.
This is a cross assembler. It runs on a PC (such as a typical desktop or laptop with an Intel CPU) but produces code for an ARM CPU.
If you don't have GNU binutils for the ARM installed, you can download my tools bundle at http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy/.
The GNU ARM assembler prefers to use the at-sign for comments. I prefer to use the semicolon for comments. So, I write the assembly language program using semicolons for comments then run the program through a preprocessor that converts semicolons to at-signs before feeding the program to the ARM assembler.
The preprocessor program is named preasm.tcl
and is included in the
tools bundle mentioned in the previous section. If you prefer, you
can manually convert the semicolons to at-signs.
Here is the program source code (from the file named led-stm32.asm
).
;;; led-stm32.asm ;;; written by Frank Sergeant<EMAIL_ADDRESS>;;; http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy ;;; This program is in the public domain. See http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy/cortex/ ;;; for notes about the program and how to assemble, link, and burn to flash. ;;; Blink the LED on the Olimex STM32-P103 ARM Cortex M3 board. ;;; Directives .thumb ; (same as saying '.code 16') .syntax unified ;;; Equates .equ GPIOC_CRH, 0x40011004 .equ GPIOC_ODR, 0x4001100C .equ RCC_APB2ENR, 0x40021018 .equ STACKINIT, 0x20005000 .equ LEDDELAY, 800000 .section .text .org 0 ;;; Vectors vectors: .word STACKINIT ; stack pointer value when stack is empty .word _start + 1 ; reset vector (manually adjust to odd for thumb) .word _nmi_handler + 1 ; .word _hard_fault + 1 ; .word _memory_fault + 1 ; .word _bus_fault + 1 ; .word _usage_fault + 1 ; _start: ;; Enable the Port C peripheral clock by setting bit 4 ldr r6, = RCC_APB2ENR mov r0, 0x10 str r0, [r6] ;; Set the config and mode bits for Port C bit 12 so it will ;; be a push-pull output (up to 50 MHz) by setting bits 19-16 ;; to '0011'. ldr r6, = GPIOC_CRH ldr r0, = 0x44434444 str r0, [r6] ;; Load R2 and R3 with the "on" and "off" constants mov r2, 0 ; value to turn on LED mov r3, 0x1000 ; value to turn off LED ldr r6, = GPIOC_ODR ; point to Port C output data register loop: str r2, [r6] ; clear Port C, pin 12, turning on LED ldr r1, = LEDDELAY delay1: subs r1, 1 bne delay1 str r3, [r6] ; set Port C, pin 12, turning off LED ldr r1, = LEDDELAY delay2: subs r1, 1 bne delay2 b loop ; continue forever _dummy: ; if any int gets triggered, just hang in a loop _nmi_handler: _hard_fault: _memory_fault: _bus_fault: _usage_fault: add r0, 1 add r1, 1 b _dummy
The goal for this program (other than blinking the LED) is to start with a very simple program. This lets us check out our toolchain, our flash utility, our JTAG connector and software, and our mental model of how it all works without getting bogged down in unnecessary complexities. For example, we do not use subroutines. We only set up the hardware stack because the ARM Cortex loads the stack pointer automatically. We hard-code the output port configuration register (rather than setting just the bits we need for the LED pin). We do not alter the clock source or speed (we use the default internal 8 MHz clock). We just want something to run now !
The STM32 MCU uses the "Thumb-2" instruction set, not the "ARM"
instruction set. Even though the .thumb
directive is equivalent to
the .code 16
directive, the processor is still a 32-bit processor.
We define some symbolic constants, including the initial stack value
(STACKINIT
) and the LED delay value (LEDDELAY
). If, after getting
the program to run, you would prefer to make the LED blink faster or
slower, then change the value of LEDDELAY
.
The program starts at address zero (0x0000 0000) with the vector table. Each vector table slot is 4 bytes long. The first entry is the initial value for the stack pointer. We use 0x2000 5000 so the hardware stack will grow downward from the very top of on-board RAM.
The second slot in the vector table holds the address where program
execution will begin. In this case, it is at the label _start
.
Actually, we adjust the address slightly in the vector table by adding
1 to it to make it odd. This is required because, in Thumb mode, a
value loaded into the program counter must have its least significant
bit set. I suppose there is a way to avoid doing this by putting the
vectors is a special section and giving the linker certain command
options.
We fill in several more slots in the vector table for various exceptions. They all point to a loop at the end of the program. We do not expect any of these exceptions to be triggered, but if they are, the program will just hang in a loop, incrementing two registers (so we will have something to look at if we are tracing the program in a debugger).
On this MCU, the IO ports do not work until you enable their clocks. We need to use Port C so we enable its peripheral clock.
The rest of the logic should be straightforward. We alternately write
a "1" bit and then a "0" bit to the output data register for bit 12 of
Port C (to turn the LED off and on), killing time so the LED flashes
at exactly the speed we like best (adjust LEDDELAY
to your personal
taste).
Assuming you have the assembler and linker and other tools installed where I install them, here are the commands to preprocess, assemble, link, and build a binary:
$ /usr/local/bin/preasm.tcl led-stm32.asm led-stm32.s $ /usr/local/arm/bin/arm-elf-as -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -mapcs-32 -gstabs -ahls=led-stm32.lst -o led-stm32.o led-stm32.s $ /usr/local/arm/bin/arm-elf-ld -v -T stm32.ld -nostartfiles -o led-stm32.elf led-stm32.o $ /usr/local/arm/bin/arm-elf-objcopy -O binary led-stm32.elf led-stm32.bin
The goal is to produce the file led-stm32.bin
to burn into the MCU's
flash memory.
You can use any method you prefer to burn led-stm32.bin
into the
flash. Here is how I do it.
You can burn led-stm32.bin into the target board's flash with OpenOCD and the Olimex ARM USB Tiny JTAG adaptor (http://olimex.com/dev/arm-usb-tiny.html) this way
$ openocd -f openocdstm32.cfg
$ telnet localhost 4444
> help run above to see all OpenOCD commands > halt > poll > stm32x unlock I'm not sure above is needed > flash erase_sector 0 0 0 erase sector 0 (where we will load our new program) > flash info 0 > flash erase_check 0 this shows we erased sector 0 successfully > flash write_bank 0 led-stm32.bin 0 > mdw 0 7 above displays the 7 vector slots as 32-bit words, note all slots except the first have the least significant bit set > mdb 0 28 above displays the 7 vector slots as 28 bytes (note, little endian) > cortex_m3 disassemble 0x1c 0x20 above disassembles the program starting at the label "_start" > reset init > resume
You need several other files, whose contents are listed below. See the next section for the download bundle.
stm32.ld
/* Simple linker script for the STM32 ARM Cortex M3. Link the text of the program into on-board flash and use on-board RAM for data and stack. */ SECTIONS { /* interrupt vectors start at zero */ . = 0x0; /* start of flash */ .text : { *(.text) } /* constant data follows code but still in flash */ .data : { *(.data) *(.rom) } /* internal RAM starts at 0x20000000 */ . = 0x20000000; .ram : { *(.ram) } .bss : { *(.bss) *(.ram) } }
openocdstm32.cfg
# This file is for use with the Olimex STM32-P103 board. # It is named openocdstm32.cfg. Run it this way: # $ openocd -f openocdstm32.cfg # This is the JTAG connector I use source [find interface/olimex-jtag-tiny.cfg] # This is close enough to the board I use source [find board/olimex_stm32_h103.cfg] # tell gdb our flash memory map and enable flash programming gdb_memory_map enable gdb_flash_program enable
Although this note does not go into the details of using the GNU debugger (GDB) with this board and JTAG, here are the listings for my GDB configuration files.
This file is named .gdbinit
. It goes in my home directory. It is
always loaded first by GDB. It contains only settings that are common
to all my projects.
# Note, start this within Emacs as # M-x arm-elf-gdb --annotate=3 # This .gdbinit file is in the home directory. It is always read # first. Here we put only common settings. We also use a .gdbinit # file in each working directory which is specific to the particular # project. set complaints 1 set output-radix 0x10 set input-radix 0x10 set endian little dir . set prompt (arm-gdb)
This file is also named .gdbinit
. GDB loads this after loading the
one in the home directory. A separate .gdbinit
goes in each
project subdirectory. For this LED example, it goes in
~/riscy/cortex/
, e.g., /home/frank/riscy/cortex/.gdbinit
.
# Note, start this within Emacs as # M-x arm-elf-gdb --annotate=3 # This .gdbinit file is in the working directory for the STM32 ARM # Cortex work. It handles settings specific to this project and is # read by GDB after reading the .gdbinit in the home directory (which # sets common options such as the radix). cd ~/riscy/cortex file ~/riscy/cortex/led-stm32.elf dir . set prompt (cortex-gdb) # connect to openOCD running on gdb port 3333 target remote localhost:3333 # Set a breakpoint b _start
The file http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy/cortex/led-stm32.zip contains
Also, the GNU binutils compiled on 32-bit Ubuntu 10.04 to cross assemble for the ARM (and ARM Cortex) along with the preprocessor are available at http://pygmy.utoh.org/riscy/ – look for "The Bundle of Tools".
Please email me with any comments or corrections or questions.
Date: 2011-01-16 Sun
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IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM PRESENT: THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE K.VINOD CHANDRAN THURSDAY, THE 14TH DAY OF JULY 2016/23RD ASHADHA, 1938 WP(C).No. 36380 of 2015 (V) ---------------------------- PETITIONER(S): -------------------------- 1. MOHAMMED PARERI, S/O.MOIDEENKUTTY HAJI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 2. BADRUNNISA, W/O.LATE S.K.HAMEED, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 3. NOORUNNISA, W/O.HIDAYATHULLA KHAN, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT,KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 4. SHEIK ISMAIL, S/O.HUSSAIN, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 5. KUKKARMOIDEEN MOHAMMED, S/O.MOIDEEN KUNHI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 6. KURSHID BANU, D/O.ABDUL KAREEM, KAREEM MANZIL, MANIMUNDA, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 7. SHAIK ADAM LUKNOOR, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT,KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 8. B.K.MOHAMMED, S/O.KUNHALI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 9. MOIDEEN KUNHI, S/O.IDDINKUNHI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 2/- -2- WP(C).No. 36380 of 2015 (V) 10. SAYYED, S/O.AHAMMED KUNHI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 11. SAYYED, S/O.AHAMMED KUNHI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN -671 322. 12. MOOSA PATTA, S/O.MOHAMMED, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 13. ABDUL RAHEEM, S/O.HAJI HASSAN, SIRAJ MANZIL, MANNAMKUZHI, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARGOD. PIN - 671 322. 14. SHABANA BANU, W/O.MOHAMMED RAFEEQ, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. 15. RUKSANA BANU, W/O.MOHAMMED RAFEEQ, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. 16. MOHAMMED SALEEL M., S/O.MOOSABHA, UPPALA, K.G.N.APARTMENT, KAIKKAMBA, UPPALA, KASARAGOD, PIN - 671 322. BY SRI.T.SETHUMADHAVAN,SENIOR ADVOCATE ADVS.SRI.PUSHPARAJAN KODOTH SRI.K.JAYESH MOHANKUMAR SMT.VANDANA MENON RESPONDENT(S): ----------------------------- 1. STATE OF KERALA, REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY, LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 685 001. 2. THE CHIEF TOWN PLANNER (VIGILANCE), LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695 001. 3. TOWN PLANNER (VIGILANCE), LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT, SECRETARIAT, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM- 695 001. 3/- -3- WP(C).No. 36380 of 2015 (V) 4. MANGALPADY GRAMA PANCHAYATH, REPRESENTED BY ITS SECRETARY P.O.UPPALA, KASARAGOD. PIN - 671 322. *ADDL.R5 IMPLEADED *ADDL.R5: MAHAMOOD, AGED 53 YEARS, S/O. ABDUL RAHMAN, RESIDING AT HASEENA MANZIL, KAIKKAMBA, KODIBAYAL VILLAGE, UPPALA.P.O., KASARAGOD DISTRICT. *ADDL.R5 IS IMPLEADED AS PER ORDER DATED 14/07/2016 IN IA.NO.18255/2015 R1 TO R3 BY SR GOVERNMENT PLEADER SRI.P.M.SANEER R4 BY ADVS. SRI.T.B.SHAJIMON SMT.GOVINDU P.RENUKADEVI ADDL.R5 BY ADVS. SRI.SHAIJAN C.GEORGE SRI.C.K.SAJEEV SMT.S.REKHA KUMARI SRI.M.T.AJITH SMT.SAJITHA GEORGE THIS WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) HAVING BEEN FINALLY HEARD ON 14-07-2016,ALONG WITH WPC.NO.33380 OF 2015 AND CONNECTED CASES, THE COURT ON THE SAME DAY DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING: sts WP(C).No. 36380 of 2015 (V) ----------------------------------------- APPENDIX PETITIONER(S)' EXHIBITS ----------------------------------------- EXT.P-1: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO THE IST PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-2: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 2ND PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-3: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 3RD PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-4: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 4TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-5: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 5TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-6: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 6TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-7: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 7TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-8: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 8TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-9: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 9TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-10: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 10TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-11: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 11TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-12: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 12TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT 2/- -2- WP(C).No. 36380 of 2015 (V) EXT.P-13: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 13TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-14: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 14TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-15: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 15TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-16: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DT. 20.10.2015 ISSUED BY THE 4TH RESPONDENT TO 16TH PETITIONER CANCELING THE NUMBER ISSUED TO THE APARTMENT EXT.P-17: TRUE COPY OF REPORT OF THE 2ND RESPONDENT DATED 15.7.2015 EXT.P-18: TRUE COPY OF ORDER DATED 25.8.2015 ISSUED BY THE IST RESPONDENT EXT.P-19: TRUE COPY OF THE ORDER DATED 19.11.2015 IN WPC NO.34907/2015 OF THIS HON'BLE COURT.  The buildings are named KBN Apartments and KGN Apartments situated respectively in 33= and 14= cents. Petitioners in WP(C) Nos.3851/2016 and 34907/2015 are said to be persons occupying/owning apartments in KBN Apartments. The petitioner in W.P(C) No.14300/2013 is a neighbouring resident of KGN Apartments who is concerned with WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 2 : the pollution caused by the residents for reason of the septic tank and waste water pit being not properly maintained. All the other writ petitions are with respect to the KGN Apartments and the petitioners are said to be owners/occupiers. The owners/occupiers of the apartments challenge the cancellation of numbering of the apartments. The prayer in W.P(C) No.33380/2015 is with respect to the ownership certificate being issued in favour of the six petitioners therein.
2. The learned counsel appearing for the Panchayath would at the outset submit that nothing is produced to establish the ownership of the various apartments in the writ petition except in W.P(C) No.3515/2016 and 36861/2015. But it is not an ownership dispute that comes up for adjudication here and hence there need be no enquiry on that aspect.
3. Looking first at the KGN apartment, it is a four storied building (1+3) having 38 flats constructed in a land having WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 3 : extent of 33= cents. The issue has its genesis in W.P(C) No.14300/2013 wherein the petitioner, a neighboring resident approached this Court with a prayer to consider the various representations made by him before a host of authorities. The petitioner also prayed for an enquiry under the provisions of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 since the seepage from the septic tank and the waste water pit in the apartment complex is alleged to have contaminated his well. The petitioner also relied on the chemical analysis report, he obtained from the Analytical Laboratory , indicating gross contamination of well water; making it impossible to be used as potable water. While the said writ petition was pending, presumably on the complaint raised therein, the Vigilance wing of the Town Planning Department took up the matter and inspected both the buildings. The vigilance report is produced at Ext.P.17 in WP(C) No.36380/2015.
4. The vigilance report found certain violations with WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 4 : respect to the construction carried out, of both the buildings; the KBN and KGN Apartments. It was recommended that action be taken against the officials of the Panchayath. It was also found that the well water of the nearby residents were contaminated due to seepage of waste water from the adjacent property; ie; both the apartment complexes. Based on this, the Government issued Ext.P18 order directing the Panchayath to cancel the numbering of the various apartments in both the buildings. The Panchayath had issued notice based on the Government directions, threatening to cancel the numbers, upon which, the owners/occupiers approached this Court and an interim stay of status quo has been granted. Based on that the owners/occupiers are continuing in both the apartment complexes.
5. The learned Counsel for the petitioners/occupiers also contend that remedial measures were carried out and as of now, there is no pollution either from the septic tank or from the WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 5 : waster water pit in the apartment complexes. The learned Counsel also submits that the petitioners are willing for any inspection by the Pollution Control Board.
6. As to the construction being unauthorised, the contention of the petitioners/occupiers of various apartments in KGN Apartments, is that the construction itself was completed in the year 2007 with a No Objection Certificate obtained in the year 2004. There was no requirement for a building permit since the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999 was not applicable to the Panchayaths and the Kerala Panchayath Building Rules was brought into force only in the year 2011. However, the counter affidavit of the respondent Panchayath indicates that there was a permit applied for with respect to KGN Apartments and granted on 18.12.2007. It is contended that earlier, the NOC issued was for the ground floor and later three floors were constructed on the basis of subsequent permit issued; at which point the Kerala WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 6 : Municipality Building Rules, 1999 were made applicable to the Panchayaths. As of now, the Panchayath has issued notices to all the owners/occupiers of both the buildings on the directions issued by the Government. The owners/occupiers rightly contend that they filed no objection before the Panchayath since the Panchayath could do nothing on the objections for reason of the directions being issued by the Government. The occupants are still continuing in the apartments on the basis of the status quo order issued and the Panchayath has also not further proceeded in the matter.
7. With respect to the KBN Apartments, admittedly, the same was constructed after the year 2011 when the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999 was in operation. KBN Apartments was constructed in a land having extent of 14=cents with 3 floors (1+2) and 17 apartments. The occupiers/owners of the said apartment complex are also aggrieved by the cancellation of WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 7 : the numbers issued to the respective apartments, on the very same allegations.
8. As of now, the allegation against both the apartment complexes are violation of building Rules, as also pollution caused from the septic tank and waster water pit. The Government has also filed a counter affidavit contending that if at all there are violations the petitioners could approach the Government for regularisation through the Panchayath. If the petitioners have to approach the Government for regularisation, necessarily the petitioners should be issued with notice and an inspection should be carried out in their presence as to the violation of building rules, which has to be verified with reference to the Building Permit issued by the Panchayath and the plan submitted and sanctioned. Though the learned Counsel for the owners/occupiers of KBN apartment has a contention that regularisation fee of Rs. 2,26,000/- has been remitted by them, as is evident from Ext.P12 in WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 8 : WPC No.34907/2015, there is no order produced to substantiate; on what account the remittance was made. The regularisation application also has to be made to the Government, routed through the Panchayath; which admittedly has not been done as of now
9. Looking at the totality of the circumstances, it is proper that the Panchayath through their authorised officers/ engineers inspect the premises and verify as to the complaint of unauthorised construction, with the permit issued from the Panchayath, in accordance with the Building Rules applicable. The Panchayath shall issue notice to the occupants/owners of the building of the respective apartments in the two buildings and shall inspect the premises within one month from the date of receipt of a certified copy of this judgment and shall issue specific communication showing the violation if any detected, of the two buildings by separate orders. The owners/occupiers would be WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 9 : entitled to approach the Government for regularisation of such violation if law permits it. The Government on receipt of such applications shall expedite the matter. Cancellation of the numbers issued to the building shall be kept in abeyance till the Government considers the regularisation applications.
10. As to the pollution caused, which is alleged in 14300/2013; it is directed that the 4th respondent shall inspect the respective properties; ie., KBN and KGN Apartments with notice to the 5th respondent-Panchayath, the petitioner in W.P(C) No.14300/2013 and the occupier/owners in KGN and KBN apartments. The pollution alleged by the petitioner in WPC no. 14300/2013 is only with respect to the KGN Apartments, for which inspection alone, he be issued with notice. The allegation of pollution with respect to KBN Apartments is by the Town Planner in his vigilance report. Both complexes shall hence be verified and if any objectionable pollution is revealed, remedial measures shall WPC.No.36380/2015& con.cases : 10 : be directed. The owners/occupiers shall be given sufficient time to make remedial measures and the Pollution Control Board shall, after inspection, inform the Panchayath about the remedial measures having been implemented; upon which the cancellstion of numbering shall be withdrawn.
11. The contention, of the petitioner in WPC No.14300/2013, in a suit said to have been filed for damages against the builder of one of the apartment complexes, shall be left open and so shall the defence of the builder. The suit shall be adjudicated untramelled by the observations herein.
The writ petitions would stand disposed of with the above directions. No costs.
Sd/-
(K. VINOD CHANDRAN, JUDGE) jma //true copy// P.A to Judge


You can configure the format for TODO comments in Settings | Editor | TODO.
Enable the Only warn on TODO comments without any details option to only warn on empty TODO comments, that don't provide any description on the task that should be done. Disable to report all TODO comments.


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Succulents love sunshine, so be sure to place yours in a lit area. A windowsill is an ideal spot for them to hang all day.
If your succulents aren’t getting enough light, they will stretch and bend towards the light. This is especially common with colorful succulents. Make sure it’s getting all the nutrients it needs! You might move your succulent to a brighter area or use a growth light.
Succulents also need a bit of watering, but overwatering is the easiest way to kill a succulent. Soak the dirt completely with water, and let the excess drip out the bottom of your pot.
Wait until the soil is 100% dry before soaking again. In a dry climate, you might water every 3-4 days. In a humid environment, you might water your succulents every week. As a good rule of thumb, thicker-leaved succulents need less water than thinner-leaved succulents.
That’s it! Easy, right?


Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
Growl is controlled completely independently in its own preference pane (in the System Preferences application).
Synergy's Floater is controlled in the Synergy Preferences, in the "General" tab (the first one you see when you open the preferences).
There you'll find a checkbox to turn it on and off, as well as checkboxes to control what information gets displayed.
If you think there's a glitch in the Floater (ie it's missing information) and you're sure the checkboxes are correctly set, I'd recommend that you try stopping Synergy, moving your preferences file out of the way (from
~/Library/Preferences/org.wincent.Synergy.plist
) and see if the problem goes away. (Corrupt prefs files are the most common cause of odd behaviour.) -
zbeckman
I tried deleting the preference pane, but no good.
Synergy Preference has the "Display floater when iTunes track changes" item UNCHECKED, so it should not show any floater, ever.
But, it ALWAYS shows the rating change floater -- but nothing else. Otherwise it behaves as expected.
-
zbeckman
Oops, I mean "I tried deleting the preferences file..."
-
Greg Hurrell
Ok, I think I misinterpreted you.
I originally thought you were talking about the Floater, but I now think you are talking about the notification bezels that appear in the middle of the screen and which look like the bezels you see when you use Mac OS X's built-in brightness and volume function keys.
If that's what you want to turn off, the checkbox you need to hit is the one which says "Extra visual feedback for next, previous etc". That'll turn off all such bezels.
-
zbeckman
That checkbox is ALSO unchecked. I had the same thought...
-
Greg Hurrell
Just to be clear what's happening here, can you take a screenshot and mail it to me (at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so that I can see what you're seeing?
In case you don't know how to take a screenshot, you can do so by pressing and holding Command + Shift + 3 momentarily. The screenshot file will be saved to your desktop.
-
anonymous
Just sent you a screenshot. Here's a link: http://skitch.com/zbeckman/nuuba/screen-shot-2010-02-03-at-4.06.23-pm
-
Greg Hurrell
Thanks a lot for the screenshot. Certainly strikes me as very odd that you're seeing that even though you have the "Extra visual feedback for next, previous etc" checkbox unchecked.
I'm going to see if I can reproduce here locally what you're seeing on your machine.
-
Greg Hurrell
Good, I can reproduce it. Will try to get a fix ready for next point release (4.3.1).
-
Greg Hurrell
Funnily enough, digging through the source code I can see from comments like this one...
// we always show the rating feedback floater, regardless of prefs
... that this behavior was actually intentional.
I can't really remember what my reasons were for taking this stand at the time, but I think there's probably a case for making this bezel fall in line with the other ones.
Other bezels which are unconditionally shown are ones like iTunes volume up/down bezel, but that one is not so much of a problem seeing as it doesn't seem like a duplicate notification for Growl users.
I'm just going to leave this one sit for a day or two while I think about what the best course of action to take here is: either sweeping changes to all such bezels, no changes, separate options to control each type of notification, or some other "in between" approach.
-
Greg Hurrell
I'm thinking that the best thing to do will be to add another checkbox. So we would have the existing "Extra visual feedback for play, pause, next and previous track actions" checkbox, plus a new one "Extra visual feedback for other hot keys".
-
Greg Hurrell
Ok, I've added this checkbox. It will be in the next release (4.4b).
-
Greg Hurrell
Status changed:
- From: new
- To: closed
-
zbeckman
Thank you!  ;-) Appreciate you taking the time to fix... And you have good commenting style. Document what you did. Beats the "// fix this hack before a client sees it" comment that seems to show up at the worst possible times...
-
Greg Hurrell
4.4b is now out.
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


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