Ping-Pong
About Ping Pong
Created by:
Farnoosh Johnson
Github Username/URL:
farnoosh63
Level 2 test for:
Java
Let's Play!
Rules:
Ping Pong will count up to your number from 1 with the following exceptions:
Numbers divisible by 3 are replaced with "ping"
Numbers divisible by 5 are replaced with "pong"
Numbers divisible by 15 are replaced with "pingpong"
Enter your number here:
Ping Pong!


The five-year-old Juliana pig and her owner, Tatyana Danilova, are part of San Francisco International Airport's "Wag Brigade" - a program that brings therapy animals to the airport to cheer passengers up and help ease travel anxieties.
Dressed in a pilot's cap and with toenails painted bright red, LiLou breezes through the metal detector at airport security and trots to the departure gates.
She raises a hoof in greeting, poses for selfies and entertains departing passengers with a tune on her toy piano.
Danilova said: "People are very happy to get distracted from the travel, from their routines, whether they're flying on their journey for vacation or work.
"Everybody is usually very happy and it makes them pause for a second and smile and be like, 'oh, it's great'."
When she's not delighting passengers at the airport, LiLou lives with Danilova in her downtown San Francisco apartment, where she enjoys a diet of organic vegetables and protein pellets, sleeps in her own bed and goes for daily walks around the neighborhood.
Danilova says LiLou loves interacting with people, but, as a prey animal, doesn't like having anyone approach her from behind.
At the airport, eight-year-old Katie Schroeder, from San Ramon, California, squealed in delight as LiLou bashed out a tune on her piano, using her hooves and snout.
 She can do tricks like a dog."
Guest services manager Jennifer Kazarian says LiLou is the world's first airport therapy pig in a "Wag Brigade" program, which includes dogs of all breeds and sizes, that she has built a sense of community in the airport.
She explained: "When we first launched the program, our main goal was to relieve stress for our passengers. However, what we have found is we have formed a connection with our passengers and it's been totally amazing."
All the therapy animals take part in a training program with the San Francisco SPCA and must have a stable temperament, good manners and a friendly personality, she said.
As for little 'accidents', Kazarian said there have not been any issues. All the animals, including LiLou, are house-trained.


Instructions
In this experiment, you will play the game Concentration. Your goal is to find all the matching pairs of identical cards. Once you a find a matching pair, click each card in the pair one after the next, which will make that pair permanently visible. Then try to find the next matching pair.


--- layout: post title: "Official NeurIPS Meetup 2020" subtitle: "by Freiburg AI and Heidelberg AI" custom_date: "December 7-11, 2020" date: 2020-12-07 background: '/img/neurips_logo.png' future_date: False layer_shift: True ---
Dear fellow AI enthusiasts,
We are excited to announce that we have been selected as one of the Official NeurIPS Meetups
and we are organizing a series of 5 events jointly hosted by Freiburg AI and Heidelberg AI.
Neurips is the largest AI conference worldwide and “Neurips Meetups” are described on the conference
webpage as follows:
“The goal of NeurIPS meetups is to open up access to communities worldwide and to connect
participants by geographic area and language. With this, we hope to support the growth of AI expertise
around the world, including in underrepresented communities in tech, and to fuel innovation responsibly.”
What this means is that we get access to all conference content at real-time, from which we will
select at least one talk per day to stream for you. For a complete week (Monday, 7. Dec to Friday, 11. Dec),
we will host digital meetups starting at 19:00 every day. To encourage insightful after-stream discussions,
domain experts will put the talks into perspective with their own research and they will answer questions
after the talks. During the week, there will also be room for personal exchange in digital meet and greet
events.
A detailed day-to-day schedule can be found on our meetup page.


Peking Opera Mask
Demo Video
Project Info
| Project Duration | 2 Weeks |
| Genre | AR Coloring Game |
| Team Size | 2 Programmers, 2 Artists, 1 Sound Designer |
| Team Members | Bokang Wang, Yuan Tan, Yu Li, Jinman Li, Lochlan Belford |
| Platform | HoloLens 2 |
| Tools | Unity |
| My Contributions | Programming, Game Design, Playtesting |
Introduction
This is the
Round2 project, under the theme "the feeling of freedom". In this project, we need to let the player feel like they have a lot of freedom in the choice they make without any direct instruction. We also need to predict what player will do in our game. This is a huge challenge. And we made a Peking Opera Mask coloring game. In this game, the players can choose different color for each part of the mask and use brush on their hand to put makeups on the actor. Finally, the players can create their own unique Peking Opera Mask in a AR world.Design
At first, we decided to make a game which the player put makeup on girls. However, this scope is too big for a 2-week project since makeup is much more complicated than coloring. During my research, I came up with this idea about coloring Peking Opera Mask. I come from China and I love my traditional culture. I am so happy and prond to combining the Chinese traditional culture with this game. And it is perfectly matched. So finally, We confirmed our theme.
My Contributions
- As a programmer, I was responsible for the coloring function including grabing the brush, choosing the color and coloring the face mask. I also implement the whole flow of the game such as the beginning and endding.
- As a designer, I came up with the Peking Opera theme and desgined the basic gameplay.
- Invited 8 playtesters with different background and collected their feedbacks to optimize the interaction and gameplay.


With Kill Bill, you can manage your customers' subscriptions in a simple and flexible way: the system will automatically take care of generating recurring invoices and triggering payments.
With Kill Bill, you can manage your customers' subscriptions in a simple and flexible way: the system will automatically take care of generating recurring invoices and triggering payments.


Even more websites all about website templates on Just Web Templates.
If you are looking for beautiful and proffesionally made templates you can find them at Template Beauty.
You can remove any link to our website from this template you're free to use the template without linking back to us.


Order not found
We completely delete all information about fully processed mixing requests. Thus, either your order has been wiped out or never existed. Open the Letter of Guarantee and check the search pattern for any mistypes. If you are still sure that something goes wrong, please write to our mailbox.
Thank you for using BitWhisk.


MKSwipeCellItem Class Reference
| Inherits from | MKControl : UIControl |
| Declared in | MKSwipeCellItem.h |
Overview
MKSwipeCellItems provides control items for MKSwipeCellView. A MKSwipeCellItems has a 30x30 icon with a sigle label underneath it.
MKSwipeCellItems has premade items that can be set with an image being provided.
-
MKSwipeCellItemDelete
: A circle with an "X" on the inside.
Tasks
Creating
-
- initWithStyle:title:action:
Returns an instance of MKSwipeCellItem. -
- initWithImage:title:action:
Returns an instace of MKSwipeCellItem.
Instance Methods
initWithImage:title:action:
Returns an instace of MKSwipeCellItem.
- (id)initWithImage:(UIImage *)image title:(NSString *)title action:(MKActionBlock)actionBlock
Parameters
- image
- the image to be displayed for the icon part of the item. The image provied should be a mask, only black and transparent colors.
- title
- the text to be displayed under the icon.
- action
- the action block to perform when the item is touched.
Declared In
MKSwipeCellItem.h
initWithStyle:title:action:
Returns an instance of MKSwipeCellItem.
- (id)initWithStyle:(MKSwipeCellItemStyle)style title:(NSString *)title action:(MKActionBlock)actionBlock
Parameters
- style
- the style of one of the premade items.
- title
- the text to be displayed under the icon.
- action
- the action block to perform when the item is touched
Return Value
MKSwipeCellItem instance
Declared In
MKSwipeCellItem.h


Workshops
Weight Bench
The weight bench takes bars and allows units to train with them. It will raise their athletic skill, which allows them to train faster. It also raises their physical attributes, making this a good exercise for soldiers that are off duty.
Brick Splitting Block
Has only one reaction: Split a boulder into 10 blocks. An essential buildings for quick aboveground constructions.
Merchant Stall (local)
Merchant stalls are basic workshops that only require blocks to be build. They enable you to sell or buy materials or items. Its very straightforward, you put in items or coins, and get back items or coins.
Weapons, Trapcomps, Clothing and Crafts are a bit special. They have a voucher system, allowing you to buy and sell items of different materials. You first buy vouchers with a specific material, lets say steel. You can then buy items with these vouchers, giving you a steel item. Or you sell items, which gives you vouchers back in their material, enabling you to buy new items made of these materials. If you sell 100 bronze daggers, you get 100 bronze vouchers, enabling you to buy a lot of bronze items.
Here the list of merchants. 15 in total.
- Wood
- Food
- Drink
- Leather
- Textile
- Clothing
- Stone
- Gem
- Ore
- Metal
- Pet (Buy only)
- Weapon (Vouchers for material selection)
- Ranged Weapon (Vouchers for material selection)
- Trap (Vouchers for material selection)
- Armor (Vouchers for material selection)
Merchant Stall (foreign)
Foreign merchant stalls require a contract to be rented out. You can buy a contract from any visiting caravan. It would be best to order lots of them from their liaisons. They come in different prices, sometimes you are lucky, sometimes it might get expensive. They allow you to rent a merchant stall.
Most of them are very straightforward.
- Succubus Merchant
- Buy afelsteel armorset for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy Stygian Pitchfork for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy Tentacle Monster for 4500 sovereigns.
- Buy crystal glass blocks (25) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy slade boulders(10) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy Orthus for 5500 sovereigns.
- Buy clear glass blocks(25) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Warlock Merchant
- Buy bloodsteel scythe for 5500 sovereigns.
- Buy Bloodsteel armorset for 9500 sovereigns.
- Buy bonemold blocks for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy Hungry Head for 5500 sovereigns.
- Kobold Merchant
- Buy random leathers for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy random traps for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy random dyes for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy random teas for 2000 sovereigns.
- Buy kaolinite(25) for 5500 sovereigns.
- Orc Merchant
- Buy flachette gun for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy lamellar wargear set for 5500 sovereigns.
- Buy tribal bloodsteel claws for 4500 sovereigns.
- Buy mithril daikatana for 7000 sovereigns.
- Buy black draught mead for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy ebonglass bars(10) for 3500 sovereigns.
- Buy ashland glass bars(10) for 3500 sovereigns.
- Goblin Merchant
- Ransom hostage(m) for 15000 sovereigns.
- Ransom hostage(f) for 15000 sovereigns.
- Buy iron scourges(5) for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy bows(5) for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy bodkin arrows(250) for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy iron armor sets(5) for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy random trapcomps for 5000 sovereigns.
- Dwarf Merchant
- Buy wolfram warhammer for 6500 sovereigns.
- Buy deepbronze great axe for 7500 sovereigns.
- Buy orichalcum battle pick for 8500 sovereigns.
- Buy tear of armok for 15000 sovereigns.
- Buy blood of armok for 25000 sovereigns.
- Buy fossils for 6500 sovereigns.
- Buy volcanic bars(5) for 12000 sovereigns.
- Elf Merchant
- Buy feather wood(5) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy great bow for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy singing arrows(100) for 8500 sovereigns.
- Buy mithril bars(5) for 5500 sovereigns.
- Human Merchant
- Buy pistol for 1500 sovereigns.
- Buy musket for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy hand-cannon for 4500 sovereigns.
- Buy bullets(100) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy cannon balls(15) for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy steel halberd for 2500 sovereigns.
- Buy random contract for 5000 sovereigns.
- Buy marbles blocks(50) for 1000 sovereigns.
- Buy obsidian blocks(50) for 1000 sovereigns.
Workshop (foreign)
Foreign workshops require a contract to be rented out. You can buy a contract from any visiting caravan. It would be best to order lots of them from their liaisons. They come in different prices, sometimes you are lucky, sometimes it might get expensive. They allow you to rent a workshop to that civ for 3 months, netting you an income of 500 gold directly. After that time the workshop will revert back to normal.
Succubus - Summoner
- For souls and rare ingredients, the succubus summons warbeasts and demons to your side.
Kobold - Potter
- Clay, fireclay and kaolinite is shaped by the kobold potter into items, which can be burned in your clay oven.
Orc - Artisan
- Upgrades leather cheaply and grinds rare ores and metals into powder, used as reagents for handcrafted armors and weapons. From lamellar leather armor sets, bone masks, wolfram maces, mithril katanas to cobalt throwing tomahawks.
Goblin - Trapper
- Makes batches of cages and mechanisms. This costs either 5 logs or 5 boulders for 10 items, which is twice as efficient as the carpenter/mechanic. Produces batches of 5 random trapcomps, or 6 random upright spikes from either obsidian, wood or gems, as well as green glass, clear glass or crystal glass.
Dwarf - Coldforge
- Forges tin, copper, and bronze items without the need for fuel, directly from ore.
Elf -Treesinger
- Takes any 5 seeds and 1 soul to weave them together, instantly growing the plants.
Human - Gunsmith
- Makes pistols, muskets and fitting ammo, from bronze, iron or steel. The weapons cost bars, mechanisms, wood and blackpowder, which is made in the alchemist. Pistols cost 1 bar, muskets 2 and ammo 1.
Guildhall (empty)
A guildhall can be upgraded to a specific guild, allowing your men and women to join a guild. You can also upgrade the guild, which can be done 5 times. First upgrade establishes the guild, and every following update unlocks one additional building, the Guild Extensions. You can buy their permits once you unlocked the fitting guild upgrade.
Prices are 1500 gold for guild membership and 1000 gold for a guild extension permit. Upgrades cost 2000 for the first, 3000 for the second, 4000 for the third and 5000 for the fourth and last. A fully upgraded guild costs 19000 gold coins.
Joining a guild gives the member a 200% skill learn rate. Here the 12 guilds:
- Masons Guild
- Carpenters Guild
- Engineers Guild
- Farmers Guild
- Fishers Guild
- Jewelers Guild
- Cooks Guild
- Clothiers Guild
- Academics Guild
- Tanners Guild
- Merchants Guild
- Smiths Guild
The merchants guild has a unique feature: For each upgrade it allows you to buy 2 new contracts from specific races. When you first build it, you can buy human and dwarven contracts. After the update you unlock elven and gnome, then goblin and kobold, then orc and drow and in the end succubi and warlock contracts. They cost progressively more with each version, but allow you to unlock their workshops without having to rely on caravans. An alternative is the human merchant, who sells random contracts as well.
Guild Extension North
The first guild extension you unlock, these workshops are designed to fit to the northern side of the guildhall. You can build them where ever you like though.
- Mason - Brick Oven
- Uses boulders and fuel to create colored blocks. Great for aboveground constructions.
- Carpenter - Sawmill
- Cuts logs into planks and refines woods.
- Engineer - Coin Mint
- Mints gold, silver or copper into batches of coins. No fuel needed.
- Farmer - Screw Press
- Presses extracts and oils from plants, or wood pulp and paper from wood.
- Fisher - Eel Pond
- Slow fishing for food.
- Jeweler - Gemcutter
- Makes gem furniture and items from rough gems.
- Cook - Culinary Kitchen
- Makes cheeses and other food related products.
- Clothier - Cloth Tailor
- Makes complete itemsets of shirt, pants and 2 shoes of a specific material.
- Academic - Soap Maker
- Creates soap bars from lye and tallow or oil.
- Tanner - Greater Tanner
- Tans scales, chitin and shells in addition to normal leather.
- Merchant - Exchange office
- Trades copper or silver coins for gold coins.
- Smith - Crucible
- Allows the production of bronze and steel, as well as aluminum from bauxite, cobalt, tungstens and mithril.
Guild Extension East
The second extension goes to the eastern side, and usually requires the materials or items produced in the first extension.
- Mason - Stonecrafter
- Makes furniture and items from 2 rock blocks.
- Carpenter - Woodcrafter
- Makes furniture and items from 2 wooden planks.
- Engineer - Steam Engineer
- Makes metal build materials for the steam engine.
- Farmer - Thatchery
- Makes wicker blocks from plants, and makes furniture and items from wicker blocks.
- Fisher - Fish Pond
- Slow fishing for fish.
- Jeweler - Glasscutter
- Creates glass furniture and items.
- Cook - Brewery
- Brew specific plants into drinks.
- Clothier - Weaving Machine
- Unravel cloth to thread, or clothing back to thread.
- Academic - Alchemist
- Creates artificial gems from glasses and metals, and creates bonemold and bloodsteel. These are iron and steel-grade metals made from bone, ash and blood. Also creates wildfire and blackpowder from saltpeter, brimstone, oil and lye.
- Tanner - Leather Upholstery
- Create furniture and items from leather.
- Merchant - Chamber of Trade
- Calls caravans from all kinds of races for coins. It costs 1500 coins. Necessary to unlock most race specific workshops and merchants.
- Smith - Weaponry
- Upgrades weapon quality by one step per weapon.
Guild Extension South
The third extension you unlock fits to the southern end of the guildhall.
- Mason - Rockforge
- Create rudimentary weapons and armor from rock.
- Carpenter - Wood Shredder
- Destroy wooden objects to get logs and sawdust back.
- Engineer - Siege Engineer
- Create catapul and ballista parts as well as ballista ammo.
- Farmer - War Kennels
- Train and breed dogs.
- Fisher - Turtle Pond
- Slow fishing for turtles/shells.
- Jeweler - Gemforge
- Create rudimentary weapons and armor from gems.
- Cook - Wine and Cheese Cellar
- Age wines and cheeses to increase their value.
- Clothier - Dyer Studio
- Dye all types of cloth. Does change the cloth type, used for color coding your fort.
- Academic - Transmutation Chamber
- Transforms one type of metal bar into another. Simple.
- Tanner - Leather Refinery
- Upgrade leather, scale and chitin to higher grades.
- Merchant - Chamber of Diplomacy
- Calls diplomats of any race, good for stopping wars which might break out with elves or dwarves. Only works after your fort became a barony. It costs 500 gold.
- Smith - Armory
- Increases armor quality by one step per item.
Guild Extension West
The fourth and last extension unlocks the highest tier of materials or items the guild can offer. After this there are no more updates.
- Mason - Archaeologist
- Identifies and restores fossils, relics and treasures found deep underground.
- Carpenter - Exotic Woodworker
- Makes items from rare woods, including good/evil and cavern woods.
- Engineer - Cannon Engineer
- Build hand-cannons and wildfire bombs. Wildfire bombs are used in traps, filled with wildfire from the Alchemist.
- Farmer - Herbalist
- Mixes plants together to brew poisons used for weapons, traps and ammo.
- Fisher - Oyster Pond
- Slow fishing for oysters.
- Jeweler - Glassforge
- Create weapons and armor from glass.
- Cook - Booze Burner
- Create fuel from alcohol.
- Clothier - Embroidery Studio
- Makes cloth-based furniture and embroiders it for even more value.
- Academic - Inventor
- Can make copies of foreigns weapons and armors.
- Tanner - Leather Tailor
- Creates complete armorsets of different leather types.
- Merchant - Chamber of Migration
- Calls migrant waves.
- Smith - Blast Furnace
- Quickly smelt large batches of ores into bars.
Scriptorium
Using ink and bookcases, you can write books here. These are required for the library sections, see below.
Library Section
Once you have writting 10 books on a specific topic, you can build a library section and upgrade it for a specific topic. Libraries, once set up, train any worker to a set level of skill, usually around 3-5 levels, in any skill that fits their category. For example the Library of War can train all combat skills to level 3, instantly.
- Library of War
- Library of Farming
- Library of Crafting
- Library of Metalworking
- Library of Mind & Body
- Library of Philosophy
Furnaces
Crematory
Burn unnecessary items to ashes or coal.


--- layout: post title: Editable Routes date: '2010-01-19T00:58:00.001Z' author: solrevdev tags: modified_time: '2010-01-19T00:58:35.088Z' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31446756.post-7134294473546739108 blogger_orig_url: http://www.solrevdev.com/2010/01/editable-routes.html ---


config
config
- err handling
- caching
- database
- time zone
- url mgmt
file structure
file structure
or
Keeping the
Varmints Out
file structure
- migrations
- controllers
- models
- views
- web
migrations
migrations
$ ./yii migrate/create
migrations
$ ./yii migrate/up
migrations
$ ./yii migrate/down
models
models
Gii will generate models based off the database table structure.
models
Navigate to Gii in your browser and tell it what table to use as a template.
models
rules()
allows you to set validation parameters right in the model.
models
table relationships can also be defined here.
controllers
controllers
tell Yii where to go based off the user’s request.
controllers
each route is defined by a controller method.
actionList()
will be called when the url web/list is requested.
views
views
once the controller decides where the request is being routed, it will render the appropriate view.
views
Yii comes with a variety of helper classes like
GridView
to help display model data quickly and cleanly.
code tutorial
http://vybeauregard.github.io/Yii2-Cupcakes
Yii & Angular
two great tastes that taste great together
Yii as REST service
XHR in Angular
Let Angular handle form submission and updating the UI
“So what do I need to know about Angular?”
Angular basics
- ng-app
- dependency injection
- controllers
- directives
- services
- configuring with Yii
ng-app
Calling
ng-app
tells Angular to wake up and pay attention.
Your controller will pick up from here.
dependency injection
Angular’s architecture allows you to plug in modules.
Just include the .js file and tell the app to use that module at load time.
controllers
The brains of your app are in the controller, just like Yii.
At load time, it will make requests and wait for responses based on its configuration.
directives
There are many different types of directives that can be customized, many of which are built in:
This allows you to extend HTML with attributes classes that instruct Angular to do something.
directives
Some built-in directives:
ng-app
(element)
ng-repeat
(attribute)
ng-model
(attribute)
services
handy for making XHR requests using promises so whenever data is returned, it’s added to your app scope automatically.
configuring with Yii
- Add
bower-asset/angular
to composer.json
- Run
$ composer update
- Add angular.min.js to
assets/BowerAsset.php
- Add angular.min.js and your .js files to
asset/AppAsset.php
code tutorial
http://vybeauregard.github.io/Yii2-angular/


Package org.drip.state.creator
Class ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder
java.lang.Object
org.drip.state.creator.ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder
public class ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder
extends java.lang.Object
ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder implements the the construction of the scenario Forward curve using the
input discount curve instruments, and a wide variety of custom builds. It implements the following
functionality:
- Non-linear Custom Discount Curve
- Shape Preserving Discount Curve Builds - Standard Cubic Polynomial/Cubic KLK Hyperbolic Tension, and other Custom Builds
- Smoothing Local/Control Custom Build - DC/Forward/Zero Rate LSQM's
- "Industry Standard Methodologies" - DENSE/DUALDENSE/CUSTOMDENSE and Hagan-West Forward Interpolator Schemes
- Module = Product Core Module
- Library = Fixed Income Analytics
- Project = Latent State Inference and Creation Utilities
- Package = Scenario State Curve/Surface Builders
- Author:
- Lakshmi Krishnamurthy
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder()
-
Method Summary
Modifier and Type Method Description static ForwardCurve
FlatForwardForwardCurve(JulianDate dtStart, ForwardLabel fri, double dblFlatForwardRate)
Construct an Instance of the Flat Forward Rate Forward Curvestatic ForwardCurve
ShapePreservingForwardCurve(java.lang.String strName, ForwardLabel fri, ValuationParams valParams, CreditPricerParams pricerParam, CurveSurfaceQuoteContainer csqs, ValuationCustomizationParams quotingParam, java.lang.String strBasisType, FunctionSetBuilderParams fsbp, CalibratableComponent[] aCalibComp, java.lang.String strManifestMeasure, double[] adblQuote, double dblEpochResponse)
Construct an instance of the Shape Preserver of the desired basis type, using the specified basis set builder parameters.static ForwardCurve
ShapePreservingForwardCurve(LinearLatentStateCalibrator llsc, LatentStateStretchSpec[] aStretchSpec, ForwardLabel fri, ValuationParams valParam, CreditPricerParams pricerParam, CurveSurfaceQuoteContainer csqs, ValuationCustomizationParams quotingParam, double dblEpochResponse)
Build the Shape Preserving Forward Curve using the Custom ParametersMethods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait
-
Constructor Details
-
ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder
public ScenarioForwardCurveBuilder()
-
-
Method Details
-
ShapePreservingForwardCurve
public static final ForwardCurve ShapePreservingForwardCurve(LinearLatentStateCalibrator llsc, LatentStateStretchSpec[] aStretchSpec, ForwardLabel fri, ValuationParams valParam, CreditPricerParams pricerParam, CurveSurfaceQuoteContainer csqs, ValuationCustomizationParams quotingParam, double dblEpochResponse)Build the Shape Preserving Forward Curve using the Custom Parameters- Parameters:
llsc
- The Linear Latent State Calibrator InstanceaStretchSpec
- Array of the Latent State Stretchesfri
- The Floating Rate IndexvalParam
- Valuation ParameterspricerParam
- Pricer Parameterscsqs
- Market ParametersquotingParam
- Quoting ParametersdblEpochResponse
- The Starting Response Value- Returns:
- Instance of the Shape Preserving Discount Curve
-
ShapePreservingForwardCurve
public static final ForwardCurve ShapePreservingForwardCurve(java.lang.String strName, ForwardLabel fri, ValuationParams valParams, CreditPricerParams pricerParam, CurveSurfaceQuoteContainer csqs, ValuationCustomizationParams quotingParam, java.lang.String strBasisType, FunctionSetBuilderParams fsbp, CalibratableComponent[] aCalibComp, java.lang.String strManifestMeasure, double[] adblQuote, double dblEpochResponse)Construct an instance of the Shape Preserver of the desired basis type, using the specified basis set builder parameters.- Parameters:
strName
- Curve Namefri
- The Floating Rate IndexvalParams
- Valuation ParameterspricerParam
- Pricer Parameterscsqs
- Market ParametersquotingParam
- Quoting ParametersstrBasisType
- The Basis Typefsbp
- The Function Set Basis ParametersaCalibComp
- Array of Calibration ComponentsstrManifestMeasure
- The Calibration Manifest MeasureadblQuote
- Array of Calibration QuotesdblEpochResponse
- The Stretch Start DF- Returns:
- Instance of the Shape Preserver of the desired basis type
-
FlatForwardForwardCurve
public static final ForwardCurve FlatForwardForwardCurve(JulianDate dtStart, ForwardLabel fri, double dblFlatForwardRate)Construct an Instance of the Flat Forward Rate Forward Curve- Parameters:
dtStart
- The Forward Curve Start Datefri
- The Floating Rate IndexdblFlatForwardRate
- The Flat Forward Rate- Returns:
- Instance of the Flat Forward Rate Forward Curve
-


public static final class R.menu
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
activity_main |
static int |
add_ingredients |
static int |
choose_add_friend |
static int |
choose_send_method |
static int |
create_recipe |
static int |
edit_friend_info |
static int |
enter_friend |
static int |
keyword_search |
static int |
login |
static int |
manage_friends |
static int |
manage_pantry |
static int |
notifications |
static int |
search |
static int |
search_users |
static int |
send_email |
static int |
send_to_friend |
static int |
sign_up |
static int |
view_favorite_recipe |
static int |
view_full_recipe |
static int |
view_recieved_recipe |
static int |
view_recipes |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
R.menu() |
public static final int activity_main
public static final int add_ingredients
public static final int choose_add_friend
public static final int choose_send_method
public static final int create_recipe
public static final int edit_friend_info
public static final int enter_friend
public static final int keyword_search
public static final int login
public static final int manage_friends
public static final int manage_pantry
public static final int notifications
public static final int search
public static final int search_users
public static final int send_email
public static final int send_to_friend
public static final int sign_up
public static final int view_favorite_recipe
public static final int view_full_recipe
public static final int view_recieved_recipe
public static final int view_recipes


Before Change
tf.argmax(predictions,
axis=tf.rank(predictions) - 1))
acc_value = tf.reduce_mean(tf.to_float(correct_preds))
// Init result var
accuracy = 0.0
with sess.as_default():
// Compute number of batches
nb_batches = int(math.ceil(float(len(X_test)) / args.batch_size))
assert nb_batches * args.batch_size >= len(X_test)
for batch in range(nb_batches):
if batch % 100 == 0 and batch > 0:
_logger.debug("Batch " + str(batch))
// Must not use the `batch_indices` function here, because it
// repeats some examples.
// It"s acceptable to repeat during training, but not eval.
start = batch * args.batch_size
end = min(len(X_test), start + args.batch_size)
cur_batch_size = end - start
// The last batch may be smaller than all others, so we need to
// account for variable batch size here
feed_dict = {x: X_test[start:end], y: Y_test[start:end]}
if feed is not None:
feed_dict.update(feed)
cur_acc = acc_value.eval(feed_dict=feed_dict)
accuracy += (cur_batch_size * cur_acc)
assert end >= len(X_test)
// Divide by number of examples to get final value
After Change
nb_batches = int(math.ceil(float(len(X_test)) / args.batch_size))
assert nb_batches * args.batch_size >= len(X_test)
X_cur = np.zeros((args.batch_size,) + X_test.shape[1:],
dtype=X_test.dtype)
Y_cur = np.zeros((args.batch_size,) + Y_test.shape[1:],
dtype=Y_test.dtype)
for batch in range(nb_batches):
if batch % 100 == 0 and batch > 0:
_logger.debug("Batch " + str(batch))
// Must not use the `batch_indices` function here, because it
// repeats some examples.
// It"s acceptable to repeat during training, but not eval.
start = batch * args.batch_size
end = min(len(X_test), start + args.batch_size)
cur_batch_size = end - start
X_cur[:cur_batch_size] = X_test[start:end]
Y_cur[:cur_batch_size] = Y_test[start:end]
// The last batch may be smaller than all others, so we need to
// account for variable batch size here
feed_dict = {x: X_cur, y: Y_cur}
if feed is not None:
feed_dict.update(feed)
cur_corr_preds = correct_preds.eval(feed_dict=feed_dict)
accuracy += cur_corr_preds[:cur_batch_size].sum()
assert end >= len(X_test)
// Divide by number of examples to get final value


Polar Path Games is a videogame company originated in the subject of "Project 2" in the second year of the university course in Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain, called: Video Game Design and Development in CITM (UPC). We are a group of seven students full of illusion to make a great game. We already have participated in other smalls projects at university and also out of it. It is our first game that we make together and will we the biggest game we will made since now. Our objective is to make a funny game that makes you remember it for a long time. Each member has a role in the team, in order to cover all project responsabilities. Every member will specialize in its role, although, that is not significate we will help each others in other areas.


Trophy object.
More...
◆ Trophy() [1/2]
| GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Trophy |
( |
int |
id, |
|
|
string |
title, |
|
|
string |
description, |
|
|
TrophyDifficulty |
difficulty, |
|
|
bool |
unlocked |
|
) |
| |
|
inline |
Initializes a new instance of the Trophy class.
- Parameters
-
| id | The Trophy ID. |
| title | The Trophy title. |
| description | The Trophy description. |
| difficulty | The Trophy difficulty. |
| unlocked | If set to true unlocked. |
◆ Trophy() [2/2]
| GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Trophy |
( |
JSONClass |
data | ) |
|
|
inline |
Initializes a new instance of the Trophy class.
- Parameters
-
◆ DownloadImage()
| void GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.DownloadImage |
( |
Action< bool > |
callback = null | ) |
|
|
inline |
Downloads the Trophy image.
- Parameters
-
| callback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating success. |
Will set the Image
field on the trophy.
◆ PopulateFromJSON()
| override void GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.PopulateFromJSON |
( |
JSONClass |
data | ) |
|
|
inlineprotectedvirtual |
◆ ToString()
| override string GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.ToString |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Returns a string that represents the current Trophy.
- Returns
- A string that represents the current Trophy.
◆ Unlock()
| void GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Unlock |
( |
Action< bool > |
callback = null | ) |
|
|
inline |
Unlock the Trophy.
- Parameters
-
| callback | A callback function accepting a single parameter, a boolean indicating success. |
Shortcut for GameJolt.API.Trophies.Unlock(this);
◆ Description
| string GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Description |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the description.
The description.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ Difficulty
Gets or sets the difficulty.
The difficulty.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ ID
| int GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.ID |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the ID.
The ID.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ Image
| Sprite GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Image |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the image.
The image.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ ImageURL
| string GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.ImageURL |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the image UR.
The image UR.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ Title
| string GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Title |
|
getset |
Gets or sets the title.
The title.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
◆ Unlocked
| bool GameJolt.API.Objects.Trophy.Unlocked |
|
getset |
Gets or sets a value indicating whether this Trophy is unlocked.
true
if unlocked; otherwise, false
.
Settings this will only affect your game and won't be saved to GameJolt.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- Plugins/GameJolt/Scripts/API/Objects/Trophy.cs


All Classes
AdvancedOfferHandler
BasicOfferHandler
Global
ImTransportApplication
ImTransportApplicationTests
Inaccessibility
Line
Offer
OfferHandler
State
Station
Stop
Trip


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Exceptions used with SQLAlchemy.
The base exception class is SQLAlchemyError. Exceptions which are raised as a result of DBAPI exceptions are all subclasses of DBAPIError.
Raised for all those conditions where invalid arguments are sent to constructed objects. This error generally corresponds to construction time state errors.
Corresponds to internal state being detected in an invalid state.
Raised by topological sorts when a circular dependency is detected
Raised when an error occurs during SQL compilation
Raised when a concurrent modification condition is detected.
Raised when the execution of a database operation fails.
DBAPIError wraps exceptions raised by the DB-API underlying the database operation. Driver-specific implementations of the standard DB-API exception types are wrapped by matching sub-types of SQLAlchemy's DBAPIError when possible. DB-API's Error type maps to DBAPIError in SQLAlchemy, otherwise the names are identical. Note that there is no guarantee that different DB-API implementations will raise the same exception type for any given error condition.
If the error-raising operation occured in the execution of a SQL statement, that statement and its parameters will be available on the exception object in the statement and params attributes.
The wrapped exception object is available in the orig attribute. Its type and properties are DB-API implementation specific.
Construct a new DBAPIError.
Raised within Pool when a disconnect is detected on a raw DB-API connection.
This error is consumed internally by a connection pool. It can be raised by a PoolListener so that the host pool forces a disconnect.
Raised when an invalid condition is detected upon a flush().
Raised when a schema name is beyond the max character limit
SQLAlchemy was asked to do something it can't do, return nonexistent data, etc.
This error generally corresponds to runtime state errors.
Raised by ForeignKey when the referred Table cannot be located.
Raised by RowProxy when a nonexistent column is requested from a row.
SQLAlchemy was asked to load a table's definition from the database, but the table doesn't exist.
Issued once per usage of a deprecated API.
Issued once per usage of a deprecated API.
Raised when a connection pool times out on getting a connection.
SQL was attempted without a database connection to execute it on.
A mapper was asked to return mapped information about a column which it does not map


What is the best language in this world?
Hello world, it's Molly!
啥是
无序
This is a link to GitHub!
list啊
淘宝


--- layout: page title: Contact us date: 2013-02-18 14:19:55.000000000 -05:00 type: page published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '1' _wp_page_template: full-width-page.php _post_lock_status: unlocked _responsive_layout: default author: login: kenny email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: kenny first_name: Kenneth last_name: Flynn ---
Vaughn S. Cooper, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
email: vaughn dot cooper at pitt dot edu
twitter: @vscooper
phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Department: http://mmg.pitt.edu


Good day Sir, I am so sorry for sending you this unsolicited and unexpected mail. I got your contact from a Business directory in my agents office and I decided to contact you directly for the sake of business. My full Name is Francis Williams.I am in U.A.E now searching for a reliable and experience business partner.I have about $4.2 Million Dollars with me here and I would want to develop it and then invest it here in U.A.E under your guidance so I am only soliciting for your assistance to help me develop the currency. My Business is totally free of risk and trouble. If you are willing to invest in this business please give me your confidential contact phone number so that we can see face to face and discuss in details. Thank you once again for your interest and waiting for your reply. Best Regards, Francis Williams


3 references to AdapterGetMemberDelegate
System.Management.Automation (3)
engine\MshObject.cs (3)
291
PSObject.
AdapterGetMemberDelegate
<PSMemberInfo>,
325
PSObject.
AdapterGetMemberDelegate
<PSMethodInfo>,
395
PSObject.
AdapterGetMemberDelegate
<PSPropertyInfo>,


At Call Me Back - CMB, accessible from Play Store, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our users. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by Call Me Back - CMB and how we use it.
If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us.
Note that Call Me Back - CMB never collects any information from users. We don't even access Internet in Call Me Back - CMB app.
Indeed, it's absolutely an offline app.
Call Me Back - CMB app uses READ_CONTACT permission to get user chosen phone number and store offline.
We dont access internet in this app and we never collect any information via online or offline from this app.
CMB uses user chosen phone number to store offline locally.
CMB sets the locally stored number to EditText after the app starts next time so that the user can send Call Me Back messages directly without choosing contact again.
This Privacy Policy applies only to Call Me Back - CMB app and is valid for users to Call Me Back - CMB app. This policy is not applicable to any information collected or via channels other than this app.
By using our app, you hereby consent to our Privacy Policy and agree to its Terms and Conditions.


{{ define "content" }} {{ include "components/header" }}
Hello, My name is David
I'm a Backend Web Developer


public class AnswerListAdapter
extends android.widget.BaseExpandableListAdapter
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
AnswerListAdapter(android.content.Context context,
int singleAnswer,
int singleReply,
java.util.ArrayList<Answer> answers,
Question question)
Constructs the adapter and initializes its context.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
applySortMethod()
Based on the user's choice, call different sorting methods.
|
Answer |
getAnswer(int position) |
java.lang.Object |
getChild(int groupPosition,
int childPosition)
Return one reply list of the answer in the given position.
|
long |
getChildId(int groupPosition,
int childPosition)
Return the position of the
|
int |
getChildrenCount(int groupPosition)
return the size of the replies in the answer.
|
android.view.View |
getChildView(int groupPosition,
int childPosition,
boolean isLastChild,
android.view.View convertView,
android.view.ViewGroup parent)
Gets a View that displays the given view holder for the specific values
in a reply.
|
java.lang.Object |
getGroup(int groupPosition)
Return answer at the given position.
|
int |
getGroupCount()
Return the size of the answer.
|
long |
getGroupId(int groupPosition)
Return the position of the answer list in the question detail list.
|
android.view.View |
getGroupView(int groupPosition,
boolean isExpanded,
android.view.View convertView,
android.view.ViewGroup parent)
Gets a View that displays the given view holder for the specific values
in an answer.
|
boolean |
hasStableIds()
Indicates whether the child and group IDs are stable across changes to
the underlying data.
|
boolean |
isChildSelectable(int groupPosition,
int childPosition)
Whether the child at the specified position is selectable.
|
void |
setSortingOption(java.lang.String option)
Set the current sorting option.
|
areAllItemsEnabled, getChildType, getChildTypeCount, getCombinedChildId, getCombinedGroupId, getGroupType, getGroupTypeCount, isEmpty, notifyDataSetChanged, notifyDataSetInvalidated, onGroupCollapsed, onGroupExpanded, registerDataSetObserver, unregisterDataSetObserver
public AnswerListAdapter(android.content.Context context, int singleAnswer, int singleReply, java.util.ArrayList<Answer> answers, Question question)
context
- The Context in which the adapter is running.singleAnswer
- One answer in a answer.singleReply
- One reply of an answer in the answer list.answers
- The answer list.question
- The question that the answer list belongs to.public void applySortMethod()
public void setSortingOption(java.lang.String option)
option
- : a String which is one of the sorting options.public int getGroupCount()
public int getChildrenCount(int groupPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the answer.public java.lang.Object getGroup(int groupPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the answer.public java.lang.Object getChild(int groupPosition, int childPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the answer.childPosition
- the position of the reply list in the answer list.public long getGroupId(int groupPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the answer list.public long getChildId(int groupPosition, int childPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the current answer list.childPosition
- the position of a given reply list in the answer list.public boolean hasStableIds()
public android.view.View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded, android.view.View convertView, android.view.ViewGroup parent)
groupPosition
- The position of the answer.isExpanded
- To indicate if the group view of the answer is expandable.convertView
- A previous recycled view.parent
- Parent viewpublic android.view.View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition, boolean isLastChild, android.view.View convertView, android.view.ViewGroup parent)
groupPosition
- The position of the answer.childPosition
- The position of the reply.isLastChild
- To indicate if the reply is the last one in the reply list.convertView
- A previous recycled view.parent
- Parent viewpublic boolean isChildSelectable(int groupPosition, int childPosition)
groupPosition
- the position of the answer.childPosition
- the position of the reply.public Answer getAnswer(int position)


{extend name="common/public" /} {block name="contain"}
But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising pain was born.


|
Uncreative Studios
|
Public Member Functions | |
| constructor | College (String name, Integer hp, Integer goldOnCapture, Integer xpOnCapture, Boolean captured, ArrayList< Buff > buffs, Location location) |
| String | getName () |
| Integer | getGold () |
| Integer | getXP () |
| Boolean | getCaptured () |
| Boolean | getHostile () |
| Location | getLocation () |
| void | setCaptured (PlayerShip player) |
| Integer | getHP () |
| void | setHP (Integer hp, PlayerShip player) |
| void | toggleHostile () |
| ArrayList< Buff > | getBuffs () |
Public Attributes | |
| ArrayList< Ship > | ships |
| ArrayList< Buff > | buffs |
| Location | location |
| Public Attributes inherited from com.uncreative.game.Building | |
| String | name = "" |
Private Attributes | |
| String | name |
| Integer | goldOnCapture |
| Integer | xpOnCapture |
| Boolean | captured |
| Boolean | hostile |
| Integer | hp |
Initialises a College building with a location on the map. Can be captured and awards XP and gold if done so. Grants buffs to PlayerShip if they captured the college.
Implements class Building.
| ArrayList<Buff> com.uncreative.game.College.getBuffs | ( | ) |
Returns ArrayList (of type Buff) of buffs that college awards on capture.
| Boolean com.uncreative.game.College.getCaptured | ( | ) |
Returns whether or not the college has been captured and is still under control by the player.
| Integer com.uncreative.game.College.getGold | ( | ) |
Returns the amount of gold the player obtains for capturing the college.
| Boolean com.uncreative.game.College.getHostile | ( | ) |
Returns whether or not the college is hostile to player.
| Integer com.uncreative.game.College.getHP | ( | ) |
Returns the current health of college.
| Location com.uncreative.game.College.getLocation | ( | ) |
Implements com.uncreative.game.Building.
| String com.uncreative.game.College.getName | ( | ) |
Implements com.uncreative.game.Building.
| Integer com.uncreative.game.College.getXP | ( | ) |
Returns amount of XP awarded when college is captured.
| void com.uncreative.game.College.setCaptured | ( | PlayerShip | player | ) |
Sets the college to captured and under the control of a given ship.
| player | PlayerShip that the college is under control of. |
| void com.uncreative.game.College.setHP | ( | Integer | hp, |
| PlayerShip | player | ||
| ) |
If current health value is lower than maximum health, sets college to hostile towards a given PlayerShip.
If current health is less than or equal to zero, sets the college as captured.
| hp | Current health of college. |
| player | PlayerShip to given control of college to should college drop below 0 health. |
| void com.uncreative.game.College.toggleHostile | ( | ) |
Toggles whether or not college is hostile towards player.
| ArrayList<Buff> com.uncreative.game.College.buffs |
ArrayList (of type Buff) containing the buffs awarded by college.
|
private |
Whether or not the college is captured.
|
private |
Amount of gold awarded on capture.
|
private |
Whether or not the college is hostile towards player.
|
private |
Health of college.
| Location com.uncreative.game.College.location |
Location of college on map.
|
private |
Name of college.
| ArrayList<Ship> com.uncreative.game.College.ships |
ArrayList (of type Ship) containing all ships affiliated with college.
|
private |
Amount of XP awarded on capture.


|
package com.alpha.api.http;
public enum RestfulEndpoints {
POSTS_FOR_SECTION("/section/%s/posts"),
SECTION("/section"),
EVENT_LOGS("/event_logs"),
POSTS("/posts"),
POST("/posts/%s"),
ADD_USER_REGISTRATION_ID("/add_user_registration"),
DELETE_USER_REGISTRATION_ID("/delete_user_registration/%s"),
CURRENT_USER("/user/current"),
COURSE("/course/%s"),
POST_COMMENTS("/posts/%s/comments"),
COMMENT("/posts/%s/comments/%s"),
RESPONSES("/posts/%s/responses"),
PARTICIPANTS_BY_SECTION_FOR_USER("/user/%s/sectionusers"),
PUSH_MESSAGE_RECEIVED("/push_message_received/%s/%s"),
POSTS_FOR_USER("/posts/user/%s"),
ADD_CALL_ON_SOMONE("/posts/%s/calledOnStudents/%s"),
ADD_POST_PARTICPANTS("/posts/%s/participants"),
EVENTS("/events"),
VERSION("/version/%s");
@SuppressWarnings("PMD.SingularField")
private final String endpointPath;
private RestfulEndpoints(String endpointPath) {
this.endpointPath = endpointPath;
}
public String endpointPath(Object... args){
return String.format(endpointPath, args);
}
}
|


Are you too busy to keep track of your food? Or do you come home and see that your food is all of a sudden expired? Well, it is your lucky day because Spoil Alert will help you keep track of your food for you! You do not have to worry about reminding yourself anymore or coming home and being surprised with expired goods!
The idea is for you to scan your groceries in the application and it will collect the name of the product and their expiration date. You can specify in the settings of the applications in terms of how often you want to be reminded and the application will also give you some suggestions in terms of what you can make with your product.


{{/*
Copyright 2019 syzkaller project authors. All rights reserved.
Use of this source code is governed by Apache 2 LICENSE that can be found in the LICENSE file.
Terminal bugs page (fixed, invalid).
*/}}
{{template "head" .Header}}
syzbot
{{template "header" .Header}}
{{if .Stats}}
{{with .Stats}}
Out of {{.Total}} bugs, {{.AutoObsoleted}} were automatically obsoleted ({{.ReproObsoleted}} due to revoked reproducers), {{.UserObsoleted}} were invalidated by users.
{{end}}
{{end}}
{{template "bug_filter" $.BugFilter}}
{{template "bug_list" .Bugs}}


--- layout: base title: "Karl Hujsak - CV" subtitle: "Materials Imaging and Machine Learning for Structure/Property Relationships" show-avatar: true nav-short: false ---


I started learning how to code with HTML and CSS a few years ago. Now I've progressed to the point where I can build full stack node js applications using front end frameworks like React and Angular!
This Template Is Optimized for Mac OS (iOS versions coming soon)
SKILLS
I attended a fully immersive coding bootcamp earlier this year where I learned how to develop full stack applications from the ground up. I'm experienced with express servers node js MySql Postgres MongoDB and more.
SEARCHING
I'm currently looking for opportunities as a full stack software engineeer. Please email me<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you are looking to add talent to your team.


My speech at the opening ceremonies of the 2015 Bioengineering High School Competition, as prepared for delivery.
Thank you, and welcome to the second annual Bioengineering High School Competition, hosted by BioEHS at UC Berkeley!
As the Bioengineering Honor Society, we strive to advance bioengineering, both within UC Berkeley and in the community beyond. This effort begins with strengthening our membership, through workshops, networking events, and job and research opportunities. It continues with fostering the community, through service events and hosting the largest study group program on campus. And it culminates with events like this one - reaching out to elementary, middle, and high school students such as yourselves - and showing that as long as you have talent, as long as you have drive, as long as you want to solve problems in biology, you can be a bioengineer.
I say this knowing that bioengineering is not easy. It’s not supposed to be. To solve problems in human health and medicine, biology simply is not enough. Bioengineers must learn more to gain the set of tools needed to combat these concerns - from chemical engineering to patent engineering and from computer science to political science - but having knowledge isn’t enough.
Bioengineers must be undertake more responsibility because the subject of our work is not only chemicals and computers, but humans and other living things. The goal of our efforts is not just to save time or material, it is to save lives.
And there are challenges that come with this responsibility - FDA regulations, concerns in bioethics, societal impacts - nuances that may slow your progress. It will take longer for a bioengineer to succeed, but when you do, you feel a greater accomplishment. You are rewarded with not only wealth and fame, but also the knowledge that your efforts touched another human life.
Responsibility. Character. Knowledge. These are some of the qualities of a successful bioengineer. Throughout today’s events, you will meet many of them - famed academics, researchers young and old, budding entrepreneurs, among others - and hear their perspectives on why bioengineering was right for them. After today, I hope you will gain a better understanding of what bioengineers do and what a career in biotechnology is like, and I hope that some of you will see the value that bioengineering holds for you.
Regardless of your outcome in this competition, I hope you find this event informative, and fun too. Regardless of which career path you later pursue, I hope that you will take today as an opportunity to meet and network with all the competitors gathered here - nearly 80 of you and with more on their way, because the next generation of the world’s leadership lie within people like you. Talk to each other; learn from each other; exchange ideas; help each other make the world a better place.
And we, here at BioEHS, will continue to work to bring more events like this to more young leaders just like you.
Thank you for your time, and let the bioengineering begin!


CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP SOLICITED. ENGR ZULUMAKALENI. DIRECTOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION (MEMR) DIRECT TEL NO: 0027 731 522 629 Dear Sir, I am an Engineer with the South African Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and I am also a member of the Republic of South Africa Contract Award and Monitoring Commitee in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. It is a pleasure involving you in this project. Although, this may sound strange but I seek your indulgence and pray you view it seriously. Two years ago, a contract was awarded to a foreign firm in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources by my committee. This contract was over invoiced to the tune of US$14.3Million. This was done delibrately. The over invoicing was a deal by my commitee to benefit from the project. We now desire to transfer this money which is in a suspense account with the MEMR into any oversea account which we expect you to provide for us. For providing the account where we shall remit the money, you will be entitled to 30% of the money, 10% will be set aside for expenses incurred by both parties during course of transfer, while the remaining 60%will be for my partners and myself. I would require the following: 1)Bank details ( Name and address / Account no/Beneficiary name ) 2)Private Telephone and Fax number of Beneficiary The above information would be used to make formal application as a matter of procedure for the release of the money and onward transfer to your account. It does not matter whether or not your company does contract projects of this of this nature described here, the assumption is that your company won the major contract and subcontracted it out to other companies. More often than not, big trading companies or firms of unrelated fields win major contracts and subcontract to more specialized firms for execution of such contracts. We have strong and reliable connections, top government contacts at the South Africa Reserve Bank and Ministry of Finance and we have no doubt that all this money will be released and transferred if we get the necessary foreign partner to assist us in this deal. Therefore, when the business is successfully concluded we shall through our connection withdraw all documents used from all the concerned Government Ministries for 100% security. We are civil servants and we will not want to miss this opportunity. Please contact me immediately through my above Telephone or email contact, whether or not you are interested in this deal. If you are not, it will enable me scout for another foreign partner to carry out this deal. But where you are interested, send the required informations aforementioned herein without delay as time is of essence in this business. I want to assure you once again that this transaction is 100% risk free both now and in the future. I await in anticipation of your fullest co-operation. Yours faithfully, Engr.Zulu Makaleni.


If you want to become a donor, just find your location on the map, click on it and submit the form.
Please you the map to find locations of donors. Go get more information about a donor just click on its mark.


Maine
Northeast
47,452.80
Utah
Intermountain
76,678.98
Oregon
Pacific West
183,224.05
Alaska
4,740,911.37
3,223,383.66
Arizona
1,217,261.75
Tennessee, North Carolina
Southeast
522,418.90
Hawaii
33,264.62
Wyoming, Montana, Idaho
2,219,790.71
146,597.40


| PostgreSQL 9.5.19 Documentation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix E. Release Notes | Next |
Release date: 2017-11-09
This release contains a variety of fixes from 9.5.9. For information about new features in the 9.5 major release, see Section E.20.
A dump/restore is not required for those running 9.5.X.
However, if you use BRIN indexes, see the fourth changelog entry below.
Also, if you are upgrading from a version earlier than 9.5.8, see Section E.12.
Ensure that INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE checks table permissions and RLS policies in all cases (Dean Rasheed)
The update path of INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE requires SELECT permission on the columns of the arbiter index, but it failed to check for that in the case of an arbiter specified by constraint name. In addition, for a table with row level security enabled, it failed to check updated rows against the table's SELECT policies (regardless of how the arbiter index was specified). (CVE-2017-15099)
Fix crash due to rowtype mismatch
in json{b}_populate_recordset()
(Michael Paquier, Tom Lane)
These functions used the result rowtype specified in the FROM ... AS clause without checking that it matched the actual rowtype of the supplied tuple value. If it didn't, that would usually result in a crash, though disclosure of server memory contents seems possible as well. (CVE-2017-15098)
Fix sample server-start scripts to become $PGUSER before opening $PGLOG (Noah Misch)
Previously, the postmaster log file was opened while still running as root. The database owner could therefore mount an attack against another system user by making $PGLOG be a symbolic link to some other file, which would then become corrupted by appending log messages.
By default, these scripts are not installed anywhere. Users who have made use of them will need to manually recopy them, or apply the same changes to their modified versions. If the existing $PGLOG file is root-owned, it will need to be removed or renamed out of the way before restarting the server with the corrected script. (CVE-2017-12172)
Fix BRIN index summarization to handle concurrent table extension correctly (Álvaro Herrera)
Previously, a race condition allowed some table rows to be omitted from the index. It may be necessary to reindex existing BRIN indexes to recover from past occurrences of this problem.
Fix possible failures during concurrent updates of a BRIN index (Tom Lane)
These race conditions could result in errors like "invalid index offnum" or "inconsistent range map".
Fix crash when logical decoding is invoked from a SPI-using function, in particular any function written in a PL language (Tom Lane)
Fix json_build_array()
,
json_build_object()
, and their jsonb
equivalents to handle explicit VARIADIC arguments
correctly (Michael Paquier)
Properly reject attempts to convert infinite float values to type numeric (Tom Lane, KaiGai Kohei)
Previously the behavior was platform-dependent.
Fix corner-case crashes when columns have been added to the end of a view (Tom Lane)
Record proper dependencies when a view or rule contains FieldSelect or FieldStore expression nodes (Tom Lane)
Lack of these dependencies could allow a column or data type DROP to go through when it ought to fail, thereby causing later uses of the view or rule to get errors. This patch does not do anything to protect existing views/rules, only ones created in the future.
Correctly detect hashability of range data types (Tom Lane)
The planner mistakenly assumed that any range type could be hashed for use in hash joins or hash aggregation, but actually it must check whether the range's subtype has hash support. This does not affect any of the built-in range types, since they're all hashable anyway.
Correctly ignore RelabelType expression nodes when determining relation distinctness (David Rowley)
This allows the intended optimization to occur when a subquery has a result column of type varchar.
Fix low-probability loss of NOTIFY messages due to XID wraparound (Marko Tiikkaja, Tom Lane)
If a session executed no queries, but merely listened for notifications, for more than 2 billion transactions, it started to miss some notifications from concurrently-committing transactions.
Avoid SIGBUS crash on Linux when a DSM memory request exceeds the space available in tmpfs (Thomas Munro)
Prevent low-probability crash in processing of nested trigger firings (Tom Lane)
Allow COPY's FREEZE option to work when the transaction isolation level is REPEATABLE READ or higher (Noah Misch)
This case was unintentionally broken by a previous bug fix.
Correctly restore the umask setting when file creation fails
in COPY or lo_export()
(Peter Eisentraut)
Give a better error message for duplicate column names in ANALYZE (Nathan Bossart)
Fix mis-parsing of the last line in a non-newline-terminated pg_hba.conf file (Tom Lane)
Fix pg_basebackup's matching of tablespace paths to canonicalize both paths before comparing (Michael Paquier)
This is particularly helpful on Windows.
Fix libpq to not require user's home directory to exist (Tom Lane)
In v10, failure to find the home directory while trying to read ~/.pgpass was treated as a hard error, but it should just cause that file to not be found. Both v10 and previous release branches made the same mistake when reading ~/.pg_service.conf, though this was less obvious since that file is not sought unless a service name is specified.
Fix libpq to guard against integer overflow in the row count of a PGresult (Michael Paquier)
Fix ecpg's handling of out-of-scope cursor declarations with pointer or array variables (Michael Meskes)
In ecpglib, correctly handle backslashes in string literals depending on whether standard_conforming_strings is set (Tsunakawa Takayuki)
Make ecpglib's Informix-compatibility mode ignore fractional digits in integer input strings, as expected (Gao Zengqi, Michael Meskes)
Fix missing temp-install prerequisites for check-like Make targets (Noah Misch)
Some non-default test procedures that are meant to work like make check failed to ensure that the temporary installation was up to date.
Sync our copy of the timezone library with IANA release tzcode2017c (Tom Lane)
This fixes various issues; the only one likely to be user-visible is that the default DST rules for a POSIX-style zone name, if no posixrules file exists in the timezone data directory, now match current US law rather than what it was a dozen years ago.
Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2017c for DST law changes in Fiji, Namibia, Northern Cyprus, Sudan, Tonga, and Turks & Caicos Islands, plus historical corrections for Alaska, Apia, Burma, Calcutta, Detroit, Ireland, Namibia, and Pago Pago.


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Contributed as focal of the team for integration of software patch and testing product function in UAT and DEV.
Contributed as a key member of the team for testing product function and integration of product modules in UAT and DEV.


Radio review: Woman's Hour an intriguing pick 'n' mix
by Nuala McCannWoman's Hour - BBC Radio 4
WOMAN'S Hour is always my go-to for a strong mix of news and features and the odd light recipe.
The weekend 'Best of...' version is a pick 'n' mix that offers a little of everything - from gold diggers to the Catholic Church and women priests, to how to make chilli tofu... if that's your thing.
Take intriguing questions - there are none more intriguing that those asked at the water cooler and that is where you might discover that you are paid less than a male colleague doing the same job.
That's what happened to Kay Collins who found out a man doing the same job as her was on £22,000 while she was only on £16,000. She won her case, but lost her job, she told Woman's Hour.
It is 25 years since the Church of England first admitted women into priesthood but Catholics are still waiting even though the Church is struggling to find enough men to do the job.
Miriam Dunigan believes passionately in the cause.
She told Woman's Hour how that passion stemmed from her own childhood in north London where she attended a convent school.
She was just 12 years old when she asked the nuns could Jesus come back as a girl. She was told off for being blasphemous.
On another occasion when the priest did not show up to say Mass, she asked the head nun if she might do it... and was told very firmly that could not happen.
Soline Humbert is a woman who has a calling to the priesthood, even if it is not recognised by the powers that be.
Perhaps the Pope has said no to women priests but Soline has faith in a changing world.
"Doors that are firmly shut have a way sometimes of springing open," she said softly but firmly.
Miriam believes it is demeaning that people like Soline - "a beautiful priest" - cannot feel that vocation.
But they are forward-thinking women. Perhaps married men will be accepted as priests first, but for women, the tide will turn and the old order will change, they believe.
"I'm hoping, like the Berlin Wall, it's going to crumble in the end," said Miriam.


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Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 4
Dietary
Poached pear is perfect topped on brioche and drizzled with a silky vanilla crème anglaise.
For the brioche, place the flour, sugar, yeast, salt, milk and egg together in a bowl and beat for 3-4 minutes, or until well combined. Add the softened butter and beat until the mixture comes together to form a soft, smooth dough. Place the dough into a clean bowl and leave to rise in a warm, dry place for one hour.
Remove the dough from the bowl and knead on a floured work surface for 1-2 minutes, then shape into four golf ball-sized balls. Place onto a baking parchment-lined baking tray.
Roll the marzipan out to a 3-5mm thick slab, then cut out four discs, each slightly smaller than the diameter of the brioche balls. Place the discs on top of the brioche balls to loosely cover, then leave to rise in a warm place for 30 minutes.
For the pears, preheat the oven to 200C/390F/Gas 6.
Peel the lemon and place the zest into a saucepan. Remove any pith from the lemon and squeeze the juice into the saucepan. Add the squeezed lemon to the pan.
Add the pears to the saucepan, plus 150g/5oz of the sugar, the vanilla pod and seeds. Add enough water to just cover the pears. Bring to the boil, then reduce the heat and simmer for 15 minutes, or until the pears are tender. Remove the pears from the liquid with a slotted spoon and drain on kitchen paper. Allow to cool.
Place a pear on top of each brioche ball, pressing down slightly. Place into the oven to bake for 15-20 minutes, or until the brioche is golden-brown and crisp. Remove from the oven and allow to cool slightly.
Heat a frying pan until hot, add the remaining sugar and 50ml/2fl oz of water and cook until a light caramel forms. Drizzle the caramel over the pears.
For the crème anglaise, place the milk, cream, vanilla pod and seeds into a saucepan and bring to the boil. Turn off the heat.
Place the egg yolks and caster sugar into a bowl and whisk until pale and creamy. Pour a dash of the hot milk into the egg mixture and whisk to combine, then slowly pour in the rest of the milk, whisking all the while. Pour the mixture back into the saucepan and bring to a gentle simmer. Stirring frequently, cook for 3-4 minutes, or until the mixture is just thickened (but not as thick as English custard).
To serve, place one pear brioche onto each serving plate and spoon the crème anglaise alongside.


"Forever Bicycles"
Ai WeiWei took a common bicycle brand from China, "Forever" and constructed an installation by stacking over 700 bikes on top of each other. The repetition of this mundane object represents the changing social environment.


The Humble Administrator’s Garden was initially constructed in 1509 ce, during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644 ce). During this time, there was a distinct cultural divide between northern and southern china, especially when it came to garden design.
The city it is in, Suzhou, was actually at this time the more prosperous part of the country. Politicians would grow up here, leave to the northern capital of Beijing to work, and then return to Suzhou later in life to retire. As such, southern Chinese gardens in general rejected confucian ideals of order that these politicians had been subject to their entire lives. Northern chinese gardens assert extravagance, luxury, and order. Southern gardens however were more ‘playful’ than utilitarian. Emphasis was placed on the unusual and the unexpected.
‘Without water, the garden will lack spirit’. Water allows reflection of the surroundings, and gives a feeling of serenity and contemplativeness. Contrastingly, moving water can give a sense of liveliness and melody Finally, water is functional, as it helps regulate humidity and temperature within the garden.
Formations of rocks are perfect for dividing and organizing sections of the garden. They can be used to camouflage artificial sections, and make the garden feel more natural. They can also be integrated into existing structures as supports.
Buildings of southern chinese gardens do not always follow the regimented symmetry of their northern brethren. They are able to adopt more flexible shapes, and allow air and people to move freely in and out. The color and decoration of these buildings should not be overbearing, as it is usually subordinate to the landscape.


Demo example
Here you can try out our Pytorch model with Chest x-rays for COVID Pneumonia and non-COVID Pneumonia, Brain MRI images for Brain tumour and Alzheimer and Breast Mammogram for Breast cancer
This is a X-ray image of COVID Pneumonia Chest.
This is a X-ray image of Non-COVID Pneumonia Chest.
This is a Mammogram of Breast with Cancer.
This is a Mammogram of Normal Breast.
This is a Brain MRI with Tumour.
This is a Brain MRI with Alzheimer.


This page outlines a spec for the future perforce plugin. Much of the content comes from the hudson-dev mailing list and discussion on this topic is probably best done there.
It was decided that a new plugin was probably needed. The reasons for this were two fold. First the old plugin makes use of the tek42 libraries for perforce integration. These libraries natively invoke p4 which means that the output must be parsed. Often unexpected output causes the appliation to crash and testing the plugin is quite tricky. The second reason is that the current plugin is suffering from feature creep as a number of developers without a coherent vision of the plugin have been contributing over the past few years. Some of the features are not complimentary and must be configured using checkboxes.
What should the perforce plugin do?
A minimalist approach is probably best and the options the current plugin provides should be trimmed. In terms of configuration
1. P4PORT - provide the port on which to connect to the perforce server
2. P4USER - the user to use during the build
3. P4PASSWD - the password to use to log in. This could, as has been suggested, be handled by running p4 login on the build box. However it forces people to add a script to run on their build box or manually run p4 login whenever the login ticket expires. This parameter could be optional such that if it isn't set the plugin doesn't attempt to login and assumes that the build box and account have a valid ticket.
4. Workspace template - a client workspace mapping with the name of the workspace templated out. So a workspace like
View:
//ReleaseEngineering/trunk/... //st_mirage_installers/ReleaseEngineering/...
//Install/trunk/... //st_mirage_installers/Install/...
would be entered as
View:
//ReleaseEngineering/trunk/... //${clientName}/ReleaseEngineering/...
//Install/trunk/... //${clientName}/Install/...
This would allow the plugin to create a workspace for each box which is very useful for build farms. If the workspace already exists on the build box a new one will not be created but if one doesn't exist then it will be created from the template. I think this approach deals with both the case of build farm and single build box. I would probably use
something like
${projectName}
.replace("\s", "") + "" + ${buildBoxName}
as the name for the client.
The workspace spec field will also allow the running of groovy code to generate a spec. This should provide for installations which make use of external scripts to set up their workspaces.
The workspace name specification, one time force sync, first changelist to track, repository browser, p4 label and windows specific details fields would be dropped.
The repository browser and label functions could be moved into their own plugins. The workspace name would now be automatically generated, the force one time sync should be done manually since it would be a very rare occurrence and the first changelist to track should be limited to something like p4change - 1000.


8.2 Solutions
rm(list = ls())
8.2.1 Question 1
Using better model
, where we included the square of GDP/capita, what is the effect of: a. an increase of GDP/capita from 5000 to 15000? b. an increase of GDP/capita from 25000 to 35000?
# load world data
a <- read.csv("QoG2012.csv")
# rename variables
names(a)[which(names(a)=="undp_hdi")] <- "human_development"
names(a)[which(names(a)=="wbgi_cce")] <- "institutions_quality"
names(a)[which(names(a)=="wdi_gdpc")] <- "gdp_capita"
# drop missings
a <- a[ !is.na(a$gdp_capita), ]
a <- a[ !is.na(a$human_development), ]
a <- a[ !is.na(a$institutions_quality), ]
# create factor again
a$former_col <- factor(a$former_col, labels = c("never colonies", "ex colonies"))
# re-run better modes
better.model <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 2), data = a)
For a. we make two predictions. One, where gdp/capita is 5000 and one where it is 15000.
y_hat1 <- predict(better.model, newdata = data.frame(gdp_capita = 5000))
# predicted quality of life if gdp/capita is 5000
y_hat1
1
0.6443723
y_hat2 <- predict(better.model, newdata = data.frame(gdp_capita = 15000))
# predicted quality of life if gdp/capita is 15000
y_hat2
1
0.8272318
The effect of raising gdp/capita from 5000 to 15000 is the difference between our two predictions (called the first difference).
y_hat2 - y_hat1
1
0.1828595
The quality of life imporves by 0.18 according to our model when we raise gdp/capita from 5000 to 15000. Given that the human development index ranges from 0 - 1 (theoretical range), the effect is extremely large.
For b. we go through the same procedure.
y_hat1 <- predict(better.model, newdata = data.frame(gdp_capita = 25000))
y_hat2 <- predict(better.model, newdata = data.frame(gdp_capita = 35000))
y_hat2 - y_hat1
1
0.04116257
The quality of life improves by only 0.04 when we increase gdp/capita by 10 000 US$. Although, the increase in wealth was 10 000 in both scenarios, the effect is a lot more effective if the society is not already rich.
- You can see that the curve in our quadratic plot curves down when countries become very rich. Speculate whether that results make sense and what the reason for this might be.
8.2.2 Question 2
You can see that the curve in our quadratic plot curves down when countries become very rich. Speculate whether that results make sense and what the reason for this might be.
The downward curve does not make sense because it does not reflect a relationship that we actually observe in our data. The decline in life quality is due to the functional form of the square of gdp. It has to slope down at some point. We would not want to draw the conclusion that increasing wealth at some point leads to decline in the quality of life.
8.2.3 Question 3
Raise GDP/captia to the highest power using the poly()
that significantly improves model fit. a. Does your new model solve the potentially artefical down-curve for rich countries? b. Does the new model improve upon the old model? c. Plot the new model.
To answer that question, we raise gdp/capita by one and compare model fit until adding another power does not improve model fit.
# power of 3
m.p3 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 3), data = a)
# compare cubic with quadratic using f test
anova(better.model, m.p3) # p < 0.05, so cubic is better
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 2)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 3)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 169 1.8600
2 168 1.4414 1 0.41852 48.779 0.00000000006378 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# power of 4
m.p4 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 4), data = a)
# compare models using f test
anova(m.p3, m.p4) # p < 0.05, so new model is better
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 3)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 4)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 168 1.4414
2 167 1.2653 1 0.17612 23.244 0.000003191 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# power of 5
m.p5 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 5), data = a)
# compare models using f test
anova(m.p4, m.p5) # p < 0.05, so new model is better
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 4)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 5)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 167 1.2653
2 166 1.0193 1 0.24597 40.056 0.000000002213 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# power of 6
m.p6 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 6), data = a)
# compare models using f test
anova(m.p5, m.p6) # p < 0.05, so new model is better
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 5)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 6)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 166 1.01935
2 165 0.93283 1 0.086524 15.305 0.0001335 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# power of 7
m.p7 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 7), data = a)
# compare models using f test
anova(m.p6, m.p7) # p < 0.05, so new model is better
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 6)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 7)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 165 0.93283
2 164 0.87032 1 0.062509 11.779 0.0007582 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
# power of 8
m.p8 <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 8), data = a)
# compare models using f test
anova(m.p7, m.p8) # p > 0.05, so new model is worse!
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 7)
Model 2: human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, 8)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 164 0.87032
2 163 0.86650 1 0.0038174 0.7181 0.398
The result is that raising gdp/captia to the power of seven provides the best model fit. We had to manually add powers of gdp to find the answer. For those of you are interested, there is a programmatic way to solve this problem quicker by writing a loop. We show you how to do so below. If you are interested, play around with this but you will not be required to be able to do this (we will not test you on this).
# the initial modle to compare to
comparison.model <- better.model
p <- 0.05 # setting a p-value
power <- 2 # the initial power
# loop until p is larger than 0.05
while(p <= 0.05){
# raise the power by 1
power <- power + 1
# fit the new model with the power raised up by 1
current.model <- lm(human_development ~ poly(gdp_capita, power), data = a)
# run the f-test
f <- anova(comparison.model, current.model)
# extract p value
p <- f$`Pr(>F)`[2]
# comparison model becomes the current model if current model is better
if (p <= 0.05) comparison.model <- current.model
}
screenreg(comparison.model)
====================================
Model 1
------------------------------------
(Intercept) 0.70 ***
(0.01)
poly(gdp_capita, power)1 1.66 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)2 -1.00 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)3 0.65 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)4 -0.42 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)5 0.50 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)6 -0.29 ***
(0.07)
poly(gdp_capita, power)7 0.25 ***
(0.07)
------------------------------------
R^2 0.84
Adj. R^2 0.84
Num. obs. 172
RMSE 0.07
====================================
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05
a. Does your new model solve the potentially artefical down-curve for rich countries?
b. Does the new model improve upon the old model?
c. Plot the new model.
We plot the polynomial to answer a) . To do so, we vary gdp/capita from its minimum to the maximum. This is the value of gdp values that we plot on the x axis. We use the predict()
function to predict outcomes(\(\hat{Y}\)).
# our sequence of 100 GDP/capita values
gdp_seq <- seq(from = 226, to = 63686, length.out = 100)
# we set our covarite values (here we only have one covariate: GDP/captia)
x <- data.frame(gdp_capita = gdp_seq)
# we predict the outcome (human development index) for each of the 100 GDP levels
y_hat <- predict(m.p7, newdata = x)
# plot
plot(
y = a$human_development,
x = a$gdp_capita,
pch = 16,
frame.plot = FALSE,
col = "grey",
main = "Relationship between the quality of life and wealth",
ylab = "Human development index",
xlab = "GDP per capita"
)
# plot polynomial
lines(x = gdp_seq, y = y_hat, lwd = 3, col = 1)
The model fit improves when we fit a 7th degree polynomial to the data. A seventh degree polynomial is very flexible, it can fit the points well. However, it is very important to remember that we have a sample of data. This sample is subject to sampling variability. That means our sample contains some ideosyncratic aspects that do not reflect the systematic pattern between GDP/captia and the human development index. We call the systematic pattern the “signal” and the random ideosyncratic bit “noise”.
Our 7th degree polynomial is too flexible. It fits the data in our sample too well. We almost certainly fit our model not just to the signal but also to the noise. We want to be parsimonious with our use of polynomials. Without advanced statistics, the general advise is to stay clear of higher degree polynomials. In published articles you often see a quadratic term. You may see a cubic term. Anything above is unusual.
8.2.4 Question 4
Estimate a model where wbgi_pse
(political stability) is the response variable and h_j
and former_col
are the explanatory variables. Include an interaction between your explanatory variables. What is the marginal effect of: a. An independent judiciary when the country is a former colony? b. An independent judiciary when the country was not colonized? c. Does the interaction between h_j
and former_col
improve model fit?
m1 <- lm(wbgi_pse ~ h_j + former_col, data = a)
screenreg(m1)
=================================
Model 1
---------------------------------
(Intercept) -0.32 *
(0.16)
h_j 0.90 ***
(0.16)
former_colex colonies -0.23
(0.16)
---------------------------------
R^2 0.27
Adj. R^2 0.26
Num. obs. 158
RMSE 0.84
=================================
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05
In this setting, an interaction does not make sense. We run a model on political stability (dependent variable). Our only two independent variables are the judiciary (h_j
) and colonial past (former_col
). With these two binary variables only, we have 4 possible combinations:
Judiciary = 0 and Ex colony = 0: \(\beta_0 = -0.32\) Judiciary = 1 and Ex colony = 0: \(\beta_0 + \beta_1 = 0.58\) Judiciary = 0 and Ex colony = 1: \(\beta_0 + \beta_2 = -0.55\) Judiciary = 1 and Ex colony = 1: \(\beta_0 + \beta_1 + \beta_2 = 0.35\)
In the model gives us information on all four possible combinations and we would not interact the dummy variables.
8.2.5 Question 5
Run a model on the human development index (hdi), interacting an independent judiciary (h_j) and control of corruption (corruption_control). What is the effect of control of corruption: a. In countries without an independent judiciary? b. When there is an independent judiciary? c. Illustrate your results. d. Does the interaction improve model fit?
m1 <- lm(human_development ~ institutions_quality * h_j, data = a)
screenreg(m1)
====================================
Model 1
------------------------------------
(Intercept) 0.67 ***
(0.02)
institutions_quality 0.10 ***
(0.02)
h_j 0.05 *
(0.03)
institutions_quality:h_j 0.01
(0.03)
------------------------------------
R^2 0.48
Adj. R^2 0.47
Num. obs. 158
RMSE 0.13
====================================
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05
- What is the effect of quality of institutions in countries without an independent judiciary?
The effect of institutions quality is \(\beta_1 = 0.10\).
- What is the effect of quality of institutions when there is an independent judiciary?
The effect of institutions quality is \(\beta_1 + \beta_3 = 0.10 + 0.01 = 0.11\).
- Illustrate your results.
# vary institutions quality
summary(a$institutions_quality)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
-1.69953 -0.81039 -0.28942 -0.01987 0.54041 2.44565
# sequence of quality of institutions
inst.qual <- seq(-1.7, 2.4, length.out = 100)
# set covariates when free judiciary is 0
x1 <- data.frame(institutions_quality = inst.qual, h_j = 0)
# set covariates when free judiciary is 1
x2 <- data.frame(institutions_quality = inst.qual, h_j = 1)
# predictions
y_hat1 <- predict(m1, newdata = x1)
y_hat2 <- predict(m1, newdata = x2)
# free judiciary
a$h_j <- factor(a$h_j, c(0, 1), c("controlled judiciary", "independent judiciary"))
# plot
plot(
y = a$human_development,
x = a$institutions_quality,
pch = 16,
frame.plot = FALSE,
col = a$h_j,
main = "Relationship between the quality of life and quality of institutions",
ylab = "Human development index",
xlab = "Quality of Institutions"
)
# add a legend
legend(
"bottomright", # position fo legend
legend = levels(a$h_j), # what to seperate by
col = a$former_col, # colors of legend labels
pch = 16, # dot type
lwd = 2, # line width in legend
bty = "n" # no box around the legend
)
# free judiciary = 0
lines(x = inst.qual, y = y_hat1, lwd = 3, col = 1)
# free judiciary = 1
lines(x = inst.qual, y = y_hat2, lwd = 3, col = 2)
The effect of the quality of institutions does not seem to be conditional on whether a country has a controlled or an independent judiciary. The interaction term is insignificant and we can see that the slope of the lines is quite similar. We would not interpret the effect of the quality of institutions as conditional. It’s substantially similar in both groups.
m1 <- lm(human_development ~ institutions_quality * h_j, data = a)
screenreg(m1)
=========================================================
Model 1
---------------------------------------------------------
(Intercept) 0.67 ***
(0.02)
institutions_quality 0.10 ***
(0.02)
h_jindependent judiciary 0.05 *
(0.03)
institutions_quality:h_jindependent judiciary 0.01
(0.03)
---------------------------------------------------------
R^2 0.48
Adj. R^2 0.47
Num. obs. 158
RMSE 0.13
=========================================================
*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05
- Does the interaction improve model fit?
m_no_interaction <- lm(human_development ~ institutions_quality + h_j, data = a)
anova(m_no_interaction, m1)
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: human_development ~ institutions_quality + h_j
Model 2: human_development ~ institutions_quality * h_j
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 155 2.8102
2 154 2.8061 1 0.0041704 0.2289 0.633
The f test confirms that the interaction model does not improve model quality. We fail to reject the null hypothesis that the interaction model does not explain the quality of life better.
8.2.6 Question 6
Clear your workspace and download the California Test Score Data used by Stock and Watson. a. Download ‘caschool.dta’ Dataset b. Draw a scatterplot between avginc
and testscr
variables. c. Run two regressions with testscr
as the dependent variable. c.a. In the first model use avginc
as the independent variable. c.b. In the second model use quadratic avginc
as the independent variable. d. Test whether the quadratic model fits the data better.
- Load the dataset.
rm(list=ls())
library(foreign) # to load a stata file
a <- read.dta("caschool.dta")
- Draw a scatterplot between
avginc
andtestscr
variables.
plot(y = a$testscr,
x = a$avginc,
pch = 16,
col = "darkgray",
frame.plot = FALSE,
xlab = "Average family income",
ylab = "Student test scores")
- Run two regressions with
testscr
as the dependent variable. c.a. In the first model useavginc
as the independent variable. c.b. In the second model use quadraticavginc
as the independent variable.
ca <- lm(testscr ~ avginc, data = a)
cb <- lm(testscr ~ poly(avginc,2), data = a)
- Test whether the quadratic model fits the data better.
anova(ca, cb)
Analysis of Variance Table
Model 1: testscr ~ avginc
Model 2: testscr ~ poly(avginc, 2)
Res.Df RSS Df Sum of Sq F Pr(>F)
1 418 74905
2 417 67510 1 7394.9 45.677 0.00000000004713 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
The quadratic model improves model fit. The p value is smaller than 0.05.


@hannahblake123: My legs are still hurting from very soggy @techbikers hill challenge ride. Love the #bikesup - pic.twitter.com/SwPbFNHrw6”— Abby Schlageter (@abby_super) September 13, 2013
@hannahblake123: My legs are still hurting from very soggy @techbikers hill challenge ride. Love the #bikesup - pic.twitter.com/SwPbFNHrw6”
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