Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3
Apache IP-based Virtual Host Support
See also:
Name-based Virtual Hosts Support
System requirements
As the term IP-based indicates, the server must have a
different IP address for each IP-based virtual host.
This can be achieved by the machine having several physical network connections,
or by use of virtual interfaces which are supported by most modern
operating systems (see system documentation for details, these are
frequently called "ip aliases", and the "ifconfig" command
is most commonly used to set them up).
How to set up Apache
There are two ways of configuring apache to support multiple hosts.
Either by running a separate httpd daemon for each hostname, or by running a
single daemon which supports all the virtual hosts.
Use multiple daemons when:
- There are security partitioning issues, such as company1 does not want
anyone at company2 to be able to read their data except via the web.
In this case you would need two daemons, each running with different
User,
Group,
Listen, and
ServerRoot settings.
- You can afford the memory and
file descriptor requirements of
listening to every IP alias on the machine. It's only possible to
Listen
to the "wildcard" address, or to specific addresses. So if you have
a need to listen to a specific address for whatever reason, then you
will need to listen to all specific addresses. (Although one httpd
could listen to N-1 of the addresses, and another could listen to
the remaining address.)
Use a single daemon when:
- Sharing of the httpd configuration between virtual hosts is acceptable.
- The machine services a large number of requests, and so the performance
loss in running separate daemons may be significant.
Setting up multiple daemons
Create a separate httpd installation for each virtual host.
For each installation, use the
Listen directive in the configuration
file to select which IP address (or virtual host) that daemon services.
e.g.
Listen www.smallco.com:80
It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
(see DNS caveats).
Setting up a single daemon with virtual hosts
For this case, a single httpd will service requests for the main server
and all the virtual hosts.
The VirtualHost directive in the
configuration file is used to set the values of
ServerAdmin,
ServerName,
DocumentRoot,
ErrorLog and
TransferLog or
CustomLog
configuration directives to different values for each virtual host.
e.g.
<VirtualHost www.smallco.com>
ServerAdmin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>DocumentRoot /groups/smallco/www
ServerName www.smallco.com
ErrorLog /groups/smallco/logs/error_log
TransferLog /groups/smallco/logs/access_log
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost www.baygroup.org>
ServerAdmin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>DocumentRoot /groups/baygroup/www
ServerName www.baygroup.org
ErrorLog /groups/baygroup/logs/error_log
TransferLog /groups/baygroup/logs/access_log
</VirtualHost>
It is recommended that you use an IP address instead of a hostname
(see DNS caveats).
Almost any configuration directive can be put
in the VirtualHost directive, with the exception of
ServerType,
StartServers,
MaxSpareServers,
MinSpareServers,
MaxRequestsPerChild,
BindAddress,
Listen,
PidFile,
TypesConfig,
ServerRoot and
NameVirtualHost.
User and
Group may be used inside a VirtualHost
directive if the suEXEC wrapper is used.
SECURITY: When specifying where to write log files, be aware
of some security risks which are present if anyone other than the
user that starts Apache has write access to the directory where they
are written. See the security
tips document for details.
Apache HTTP Server Version 1.3


You are viewing an historical archive of past issues. Please
report new issues to the appropriate project issue tracker on
GitHub.
Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
I think this may be a duplicate of feature request #54.
- ** This bug has been marked as a duplicate of bug 54 ***
-
Greg Hurrell
Marking as CLOSED. Please file any further comments in feature request #54, to keep all the info for this issue in one place.
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% block styles%} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content%}
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Patients can enter their details based on the different categories of concerns and they can receive comments from doctors.
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--- layout: page title: "Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication" description: "The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. This document defines the HTTP Authentication framework." ---
| Document Name: | RFC 7235 |
|---|---|
| Document URI: |
urn:ietf:rfc:7235
|
| Online Version: |
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7235
|
| Organization: | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) |
| Series: | Request for Comments (RFC) |
| Abstract: | The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. This document defines the HTTP Authentication framework. |
Authorization
,
Proxy-Authenticate
,
Proxy-Authorization
,
WWW-Authenticate
401
,
407
Return to ( Series | Organization | all Specifications )


“Two-Rockaways” is a phrase commonly used to describe segregation within the peninsula. Through communities, businesses and more the Rockaways are ensuring who gets the best of treatment and the worst. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 students have been forced to learn virtually which has exacerbated the digital divide plaguing Black and brown communities on the peninsula.


Dave Cormack in Aberdeen stadium admission as he refuses to rule out Pittodrie stay
The new chairman insists a new stadium is still the club’s preferred option but admits the numbers must add up.
by Scott Burns, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/scott-burns/Incoming Dave Cormack has refused to rule out Aberdeen remaining at Pittodrie.
The new chairman insists a new stadium is still the club’s preferred option.
But he concedes staying at their current ground must remain on the agenda if funding for the new £45million HQ at Kingsford proves impossible – although Cormack insists Aberdeen won’t sell their top stars to bankroll it.
He is confident he and his new board will be able to raise the money for the new stadia but admitted the timescale has had to be knocked back to 2023.
Cormack explained: “The 2023 date is moveable.
“You can never say never (with regards Pittodrie) and if we can’t raise the money then we can’t do it but we are confident our best opportunity is to move out to Kingsford.
“I’m not fixated on two years here or six years here.
“Listen, £45million is a lot to raise and if you look at our recent report we’ve had Pittodrie valued recently and there is no point in us trying to sell.
“We wouldn’t maximise the value of Pittodrie in the current downturn.
“We are working with consultants in London and we have a significant amount of money lined up from companies ready to invest.
"We also want Atlanta United to take a look at what the stadium would look like and the real costs associated with it.
“Nobody can commit to money that isn’t there today but a new stadium is our best option.”
Cormack points to the money it has cost Hearts to redevelop their main stand and knows it could cost more to bring Pittodrie up to scratch than it does building a new ground.
“Let’s say we got £15million for the same of Pittodrie. Hearts spent £18million from building their new stand,” the Aberdeen director claimed.
“It would cost us £55million to redevelop the stands here so when you weigh that up against £45million for a custom-built stadium which costs £45million and you have reduced the actual cost to £30million due to the sale of Pittodrie then that’s a £25million difference at Kingsford.
“Plus, we think we can raise £3-5million more of income which will allow us to invest in the team.”
The Dons have real value in their team with the likes of Scott McKenna, Sam Cosgrove and Lewis Ferguson and their transfer valuations could go a long way to meeting the growing £45million cost of their proposed new ground at Kingsford.
Cormack, who announced a link-up with Atlanta and £5m of investment, is adamant the priority will always be the success on the pitch and that when players are sold the bulk of that money will be r-invested in the team.
Cormack confirmed: “I want to make sure we are investing in the football team as there is no way we are going to invest in a stadium and have a team which is ninth in the league.
“The critical factor for us is the performance of the first team.
“It’s a hard balancing act.
“We have resisted offers for players. We did it in the summer and not just for Scott McKenna.
“But at the right time when there are players coming through, of course we will look at accepting offers.
“Scott will move on at some stage for his career.”


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Zhejiang University
Sep 2016 - Present
- SCI Paper *3
- Copyright of computer software *1
- Triple-A Student and Outstanding Graduates of Zhejiang University
- Vice president of Student Union
- Core participant of National Critical Project for Science and Technology on Water Pollution Prevention and Control


This is the version history for the posix_ipc module.
As of version 1.0.0, I consider this module complete. I will continue to suppport it and look for useful features to add, but right now I don't see any.
This is the last version that will support Python 2.7.
fileno
method to SharedMemory
and
MessageQueue
objects to support Python's selectors
standard library module.
selectors
.
Mange tak to Henrik Enggaard for the fileno()
suggestion
and for contributing the demo.
SharedMemory
and Semaphore
classes
didn't behave correctly when assigned a file descriptor of 0. Thanks to
Thomas Troeger for the bug report.
size
param was ignored when opening
an existing SharedMemory
segment. Thanks to Thomas Troeger, again.
POSIX_IPC_DEBUG
flag was on. Děkuji to Tomáš Zahradnický for the bug report.
A mea culpa release to clean up some accumulated technical debt.
setuptools
from setup.py
.This version was also skipped due to a release error. Those responsible for sacking the people who have just been sacked, have been sacked.
This version was skipped due to a release error. Those responsible have been sacked.
As with 0.9.7, there are no code or feature changes in this version. This version merely corrects a documentation error.
This version comes with a big wish for peace in Ukraine. Мир!
There are no code or feature changes in this version. The bump in version number reflects that this is the first version also available on PyPI.
This version comes with a big wish for peace in Ukraine. Мир!
Fixed two BSD-specific bugs introduced in version 0.9.5
that occurred if the kernel module mqueuefs
wasn't
loaded at install time. Specifically --
posix_ipc
would build with an inappropriate
value for QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX_DEFAULT
.
Subsequent attempts to create a message queue would fail unless the
caller set the max_messages
param to an appropriate
value. (This didn't affect OS X since OS X doesn't support message
queues at all.)
Also, rewrote the message queue thread notification code to address
the old bug (Fatal Python error: PyEval_AcquireLock: current thread state is NULL
)
that appeared during release testing for 0.9.5 and which
has plagued me on and off since I wrote this code. The new code uses
the
algorithm recommended in the Python documentation which may have
been flaky when I started using it in Python 2.4. It seems stable now
under Python 2.6+/3.
posix_ipc
asks sysctl
for the correct values.
Köszönöm to Attila Nagy for the bug report.
Fixed a buglet. When creating shared memory under Linux and
specifying both a size and the read-only flag, creating the memory
would succeed but calling ftruncate()
would fail.
The failure to change the size was correctly reported
but posix_ipc
failed to clean up the shared memory segment
it had created. That's now fixed. Thanks to Kevin Miles for the bug
report.
Added a bugfix/feature to raise an error (rather than segault) when trying to use a closed semaphore. Thanks to Russel for the suggestion and patch.
Semaphore.acquire()
,
MessageQueue.send()
and MessageQueue.receive()
were only accurate to about one second due to use of the C call
time()
. Switching to gettimeofday()
fixes
the problem. Thanks to Douglas Young for the bug report and
patch.
prober.py
that caused install to fail
under Ubuntu 11.10. prober.py
specified link options
in the wrong order, and so linking one of the test
applications that's built during setup was failing. Thanks
to Kevin Miles for the bug report.
prober.py
to see if
sysconf_names
exists in the os
module. It
doesn't exist under Cygwin, and this code caused an error
on that platform. Thanks to Rizwan Raza for the bug report.
ceval: tstate mix-up
and other fun messages. Thanks to
Lev Maximov for the bug report.
demo3
directory with demos of message queue.
This was supposed be included in version 0.9.0 but I accidentally
left it out. (Also reported by Lev.)
Added the demo3
directory with demos of message queue
notification techniques. Also, fixed two bugs related to message
queue notification. Big thanks to
Philip D. Bober for debugging and providing a patch to the
most difficult part of the code. The bugs were –
process_notification()
were simply wrong. They worked
some (most?) of the time but would segfault eventually because
I was creating a Python thread state when I should not have.
process_notification()
failed
to consider that the user's callback might re-request
notification, thus overwriting pointers that I would later
decref. process_notification()
is now thread-safe.
Fixed a sloppy declaration that caused a compile error under Cygwin 1.7.1. Thanks to Jill McCutcheon for the bug report.
Fixing these bugs was made easier by this realization:
on all of the systems to which I have access that implement
message queues (FreeBSD, OpenSolaris, Linux, and Windows +
Cygwin), all except Linux implement them as
memory-mapped files or something similar. On these
non-Linux systems, the
maximum queue message count and size are pretty darn big
(LONG_MAX
). Therefore, only on Linux is anyone likely to
encounter limits to message queue size and content.
The first bug I fixed was related to four message queue
constants mentioned in posix_ipc
documentation:
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX
,
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX_DEFAULT
,
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX
and
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX_DEFAULT
. All four were defined
in the C
code, but the two XXX_DEFAULT
constants weren't exposed on
the Python side.
The second bug was that under Linux, QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX
and
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX
were permanently fixed to their
values at posix_ipc
's compile/install time even if the
relevant system values changed later. Thanks to Kyle Tippetts
for bringing this to my attention.
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX_DEFAULT
was arbitrarily limited to
(at most) 1024. This wasn't a bug, just a bad choice.
I made a few changes in order to fix these problems –
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX
and
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX
have been deleted since they were only sure to
be accurate on systems where they were irrelevant. Furthermore,
Linux (the only place where they matter) exposes these values
through the file system (in
/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max
and
/proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max
respectively) so Python
apps that need them can read them without any help
from posix_ipc
.
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX_DEFAULT
and
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX_DEFAULT
are now exposed to
Python as they should have been all along.
QUEUE_MESSAGES_MAX_DEFAULT
is now set to
LONG_MAX
on all platforms except Linux, where
it's set at compile time from /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msg_max
.
QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX_DEFAULT
remains at the fairly
arbitrary value of 8k. It's not a good idea to make it too big
since a buffer of this size is allocated every time
MessageQueue.receive()
is called. Under Linux, I
check the contents of /proc/sys/fs/mqueue/msgsize_max
and make QUEUE_MESSAGE_SIZE_MAX_DEFAULT
smaller if
necessary.
Added Python 3.1 support.
ValueError
, but
with a message that may or may not have correctly identified
the cause. (My code was making an educated guess that was
sometimes wrong.)
As of this version, if initialization of an IPC object
fails with the error code EINVAL
,
posix_ipc
raises a ValueError
with the vague-but-correct message "Invalid parameter(s)".
Fixed a bug where a MessageQueue
's mode
attribute returned garbage. Grazie to Stefano Debenedetti for
the bug report.
There were no functional changes to the module in this version, but
I added the convenience function close_fd()
and fixed
some docmentation and demo bugs/sloppiness.
SharedMemory.close_fd()
.
Thanks to Kyle Tippetts for pointing out the usefulness
of this.
__version__
,
__copyright__
, __author__
and
__license__
.
posix_ipc_module.c
which was still referring to GPL.
file()
in setup.py
with
open()
/close()
.MQ_MAX_MESSAGES
and MQ_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE
to
LONG_MAX
under cygwin.
(Danke to René Liebscher.)
#define PAGE_SIZE
in probe_results.h with
#ifndef/#endif
because it is already defined on some systems.
(Danke to René Liebscher, again.)
sem.acquire()
).
Thanks to Maciek W. for reporting the problem and to Piet van Oostrum and Greg for help with a solution.
MessageQueue.receive()
.MessageQueue
current_messages
attribute didn't match the name
given in the documentation.
mode
attribute to each type.str()
and repr()
support to
each object.
SEM_VALUE_MAX
on Linux (Ubuntu) that I introduced
in the previous version.
PAGE_SIZE
attribute. This was already
available in the mmap module that you need to use shared
memory anyway, but adding it makes the interface more
consistent with the sysv_ipc
module.
O_CREX
and
SEMAPHORE_VALUE_MAX
.
try_acquire()
method. The
same functionality is now available by passing a timeout of
0
to the .acquire()
method.
ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_SUPPORTED
to
SEMAPHORE_TIMEOUT_SUPPORTED
.


Modules | |
| Base Class Methods | |
| Base Class Attribute Functions | |
| Base Class Utilities | |
Functions | |
| void | iupBaseRegisterCommonAttrib (Iclass *ic) |
| void | iupBaseRegisterVisualAttrib (Iclass *ic) |
| void | iupBaseRegisterCommonCallbacks (Iclass *ic) |
| void | iupBaseContainerUpdateExpand (Ihandle *ih) |
| void | iupBaseComputeNaturalSize (Ihandle *ih) |
| void | iupBaseSetCurrentSize (Ihandle *ih, int w, int h, int shrink) |
| void | iupBaseSetPosition (Ihandle *ih, int x, int y) |
| void iupBaseRegisterCommonAttrib | ( | Iclass * | ic | ) |
Register all common base attributes:
WID
SIZE, RASTERSIZE, POSITION
FONT (and derived)
All controls that are positioned inside a dialog must register all common base attributes.
| void iupBaseRegisterVisualAttrib | ( | Iclass * | ic | ) |
Register all visual base attributes:
VISIBLE, ACTIVE
ZORDER, X, Y
TIP (and derived)
All controls that are positioned inside a dialog must register all visual base attributes.
| void iupBaseRegisterCommonCallbacks | ( | Iclass * | ic | ) |
Register all common callbacks:
MAP_CB, UNMAP_CB, GETFOCUS_CB, KILLFOCUS_CB, ENTERWINDOW_CB, LEAVEWINDOW_CB, K_ANY, HELP_CB.
| void iupBaseContainerUpdateExpand | ( | Ihandle * | ih | ) |
Updates the expand member of the IUP object from the EXPAND attribute. Should be called in the beginning of the ComputeNaturalSize for a container.
| void iupBaseComputeNaturalSize | ( | Ihandle * | ih | ) |
Initializes the natural size using the user size, then if a container then update the "expand" member from the EXPAND attribute, then call iupClassObjectComputeNaturalSize for containers if they have children or call iupClassObjectComputeNaturalSize for non-containers if user size is not defined. Must be called for each children in the container.
First call is in iupLayoutCompute.
| void iupBaseSetCurrentSize | ( | Ihandle * | ih, | |
| int | w, | |||
| int | h, | |||
| int | shrink | |||
| ) |
Update the current size from the available size, the natural size, expand and shrink. Call iupClassObjectSetChildrenCurrentSize for containers if they have children. Must be called for each children in the container.
First call is in iupLayoutCompute.
| void iupBaseSetPosition | ( | Ihandle * | ih, | |
| int | x, | |||
| int | y | |||
| ) |
Set the current position and update children position for containers. Call iupClassObjectSetChildrenPosition for containers if they have children. Must be called for each children in the container.
First call is in iupLayoutCompute.


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Gowin_PicoRV32
Information
| Type: | Gowin_PicoRV32 |
| Vendor: | GOWIN Semiconductor |
| Summary: | Gowin_PicoRV32 is intended for deeply embedded applications, and integrated into GOWIN FPGA. Gowin_PicoRV32 is based on RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture, can be configured as RV32I, RV32IC, RV32IM, RV32IMC MCU, and optionally contains a built-in interrupt controller and timer. Gowin_PicoRV32 can either boot from instruction memory or boot from external SPI flash. The MCU is highly optimizing, which only takes 2K~4K LUTs in GOWIN FPGA. The maximum frequency of system clock is up to 50 MHz, and the average cycle per instruction is around 6, depending on the mix of instructions in the code. Dhrystone benchmark result is 0.516 DMIPS/MHz, for the Dhrystone benchmark the average CPI is 4.10.
Gowin_PicoRV32 has a standard wishbone bus for extension. The wishbone bus is a small-size high-performance logic bus, which can communicate to other slave devices. There contains a UART, an I2C master, a SPI master and a SPI slave on wishbone bus. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 CORE Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Support RV32C Extends | Select it to support the RISC-V Compressed Instruction Set Extensions. |
| Support RV32M Extends | Select it to support the MUL[H[SU|U]] and DIV[U]/REM[U] instructions. |
| Enable Interrupts | Select it to enable interrupt controller. |
| Enable Timer | Select it to enable the timer. This item could not be selected if the Enable Interrupt item is not selected. |
| Enable Counters | Enable support for the RDCYCLE[H], RDTIME[H], and RDINSTRET[H] instructions. These instructions will cause a hardware trap if Enable Counters is not selected. |
| Two Stage Shift | Two stage shift will speed up shift operations, but adds additional hardware. Unselect it would disable the two stage shift to further reduce the size of the core. |
| Two Cycle Compare | This relaxes the longest data path a bit by adding an additional DFF stage at the cost of adding an additional clock cycle delay to the conditional branch instructions. |
| Two Cycle ALU | This adds an additional DFF stage in the ALU data path, improving timing at the cost of an additional clock cycle for all instructions the use ALU. |
| Barrel Shifter | With this option set, a barrel shifter is used instead of the successively shifter. |
| Catch Misalign | Select this item to catch misaligned memory accesses. |
| Catch illegal Instruction | Select this item to catch illegal instructions. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 ILM Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| ILM Size | Select the size of the instruction memory. |
| MCU boot from external Flash | MCU boot from an external SPI Flash. |
| MCU boot from ILM | MCU boot from ILM. |
| ILM Initialization File | If select MCU boot from ILM, load ILM initialized file. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 DLM Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| DLM Size | Select the size of the data memory. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 Simple UART Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Enable Simple UART | Enable Simple UART peripheral. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 Wishbone UART Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Enable Wishbone UART | Enable UART peripheral on wishbone bus. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 Wishbone I2C Master Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Enable Wishbone I2C Master | Enable I2C Master peripheral on wishbone bus. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 Wishbone SPI Master Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Enable Wishbone SPI Master | Enable SPI Master peripheral on wishbone bus. |
| Shift direction | Specifies the MSB or LSB as first. 0 : MSB is as first 1 : LSB is as first |
| Clock phase | Specifies the clock phase of SPI instance. 0 : The data is latched on the leading edge of SCLK and data changes on the trailing edge of SCLK. 1 : The data is latched on the trailing edge of SCLK and data changes on the leading edge of SCLK. |
| Clock polarity | Specified the Polarity of SPI instance. 0 : The idle state for SCLK is low. 1 : The idle state for SCLK is high. |
| Clock count width | Specifies the range limit for the clock counter. The width must be enough to meet the number of bits required for the slave clock. |
| Clock sel | Specified the factor for deriving SCLK from the processor clock. SCLK is derived using the following equation: SCLK = (processor clock) / (2*(CLOCK_SEL+1)) |
| Data length | Specifies the number of serial data bits. |
| Slave number | Specifies the number of slave devices supported. |
| Delay time | Specifies the time delay factor before shifting the first bit of data after SS_N signal is asserted. The start delay time is derived from the following equation: Delay = DELAY_TIME *(SCLK period / 2) |
| Interval length | Specifies the number of SCLK cycles for the SS-N signal is held inactive between SPI transmit requests. |
Gowin_PicoRV32 Wishbone SPI Slave Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Enable Wishbone SPI Master | Enable SPI Master peripheral on wishbone bus. |
| Shift direction | Specifies the MSB or LSB as first. 0 : MSB is as first 1 : LSB is as first |
| Clock phase | Specifies the clock phase of SPI instance. 0 : The data is latched on the leading edge of SCLK and data changes on the trailing edge of SCLK. 1 : The data is latched on the trailing edge of SCLK and data changes on the leading edge of SCLK. |
| Clock polarity | Specified the Polarity of SPI instance. 0 : The idle state for SCLK is low. 1 : The idle state for SCLK is high. |
| Clock count width | Specifies the range limit for the clock counter. The width must be enough to meet the number of bits required for the slave clock. |
| Clock sel | Specified the factor for deriving SCLK from the processor clock. SCLK is derived using the following equation: SCLK = (processor clock) / (2*(CLOCK_SEL+1)) |
| Data length | Specifies the number of serial data bits. |
| Delay time | Specifies the time delay factor before shifting the first bit of data after SS_N signal is asserted. The start delay time is derived from the following equation: Delay = DELAY_TIME *(SCLK period / 2) |
| Interval length | Specifies the number of SCLK cycles for the SS-N signal is held inactive between SPI transmit requests. |


It randomly generates a rectangular lattice design across locations.
rectangular_lattice( t = NULL, k = NULL, r = NULL, l = 1, plotNumber = 101, locationNames = NULL, seed = NULL, data = NULL )
| t | Number of treatments. |
|---|---|
| k | Size of incomplete blocks (number of units per incomplete block). |
| r | Number of blocks (full resolvable replicates). |
| l | Number of locations. By default |
| plotNumber | Numeric vector with the starting plot number for each location. By default |
| locationNames | (optional) Names for each location. |
| seed | (optional) Real number that specifies the starting seed to obtain reproducible designs. |
| data | (optional) Data frame with label list of treatments. |
A list with two elements.
infoDesign
is a list with information on the design parameters.
fieldBook
is a data frame with the rectangular lattice design field book.
Edmondson., R. N. (2021). blocksdesign: Nested and crossed block designs for factorial and unstructured treatment sets. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=blocksdesign
Didier Murillo [aut], Salvador Gezan [aut], Ana Heilman [ctb], Thomas Walk [ctb], Johan Aparicio [ctb], Richard Horsley [ctb]
# Example 1: Generates a rectangular lattice design with 6 full blocks, 4 units per IBlock (k) # and 20 treatments in one location. rectangularLattice1 <- rectangular_lattice(t = 20, k = 4, r = 6, l = 1, plotNumber = 101, locationNames = "FARGO", seed = 126) rectangularLattice1$infoDesign#> $Reps #> [1] 6 #> #> $iBlocks #> [1] 5 #> #> $NumberTreatments #> [1] 20 #> #> $NumberLocations #> [1] 1 #> #> $Locations #> [1] "FARGO" #> #> $seed #> [1] 126 #> #> $lambda #> [1] 0.9473684 #> #> $idDesign #> [1] 11 #>#> ID LOCATION PLOT REP IBLOCK UNIT ENTRY #> 1 1 FARGO 101 1 1 1 15 #> 2 2 FARGO 102 1 1 2 13 #> 3 3 FARGO 103 1 1 3 12 #> 4 4 FARGO 104 1 1 4 16 #> 5 5 FARGO 105 1 2 1 19 #> 6 6 FARGO 106 1 2 2 17 #> 7 7 FARGO 107 1 2 3 10 #> 8 8 FARGO 108 1 2 4 14 #> 9 9 FARGO 109 1 3 1 11 #> 10 10 FARGO 110 1 3 2 8 #> 11 11 FARGO 111 1 3 3 5 #> 12 12 FARGO 112 1 3 4 20# Example 2: Generates a rectangular lattice design with 5 full blocks, 7 units per IBlock (k) # and 56 treatments across 2 locations. # In this case, we show how to use the option data. treatments <- paste("ND-", 1:56, sep = "") ENTRY <- 1:56 treatment_list <- data.frame(list(ENTRY = ENTRY, TREATMENT = treatments)) head(treatment_list)#> ENTRY TREATMENT #> 1 1 ND-1 #> 2 2 ND-2 #> 3 3 ND-3 #> 4 4 ND-4 #> 5 5 ND-5 #> 6 6 ND-6rectangularLattice2 <- rectangular_lattice(t = 56, k = 7, r = 5, l = 2, plotNumber = c(1001,2001), locationNames = c("Loc1", "Loc2"), seed = 127, data = treatment_list) rectangularLattice2$infoDesign#> $Reps #> [1] 5 #> #> $iBlocks #> [1] 8 #> #> $NumberTreatments #> [1] 56 #> #> $NumberLocations #> [1] 2 #> #> $Locations #> [1] "Loc1" "Loc2" #> #> $seed #> [1] 127 #> #> $lambda #> [1] 0.5454545 #> #> $idDesign #> [1] 11 #>#> ID LOCATION PLOT REP IBLOCK UNIT ENTRY TREATMENT #> 1 1 Loc1 1001 1 1 1 8 ND-8 #> 2 2 Loc1 1002 1 1 2 35 ND-35 #> 3 3 Loc1 1003 1 1 3 52 ND-52 #> 4 4 Loc1 1004 1 1 4 29 ND-29 #> 5 5 Loc1 1005 1 1 5 41 ND-41 #> 6 6 Loc1 1006 1 1 6 22 ND-22 #> 7 7 Loc1 1007 1 1 7 10 ND-10 #> 8 8 Loc1 1008 1 2 1 45 ND-45 #> 9 9 Loc1 1009 1 2 2 11 ND-11 #> 10 10 Loc1 1010 1 2 3 6 ND-6 #> 11 11 Loc1 1011 1 2 4 25 ND-25 #> 12 12 Loc1 1012 1 2 5 34 ND-34


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Associations are a set of macro-like class methods for tying objects together through foreign keys. They express relationships like "Project has one Project Manager" or "Project belongs to a Portfolio". Each macro adds a number of methods to the class which are specialized according to the collection or association symbol and the options hash. It works much the same way as Ruby’s own attr* methods. Example:
class Project < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :portfolio has_one :project_manager has_many :milestones has_and_belongs_to_many :categories end
The project class now has the following methods (and more) to ease the traversal and manipulation of its relationships:
- Project#portfolio, Project#portfolio=(portfolio), Project#portfolio.nil?
- Project#project_manager, Project#project_manager=(project_manager), Project#project_manager.nil?,
- Project#milestones.empty?, Project#milestones.size, Project#milestones, Project#milestones<<(milestone), Project#milestones.delete(milestone), Project#milestones.find(milestone_id), Project#milestones.find_all(conditions), Project#milestones.build, Project#milestones.create
- Project#categories.empty?, Project#categories.size, Project#categories, Project#categories<<(category1), Project#categories.delete(category1)
Example
Is it belongs_to or has_one?
Both express a 1-1 relationship, the difference is mostly where to place the foreign key, which goes on the table for the class saying belongs_to. Example:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_one :author end class Author < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :post end
The tables for these classes could look something like:
CREATE TABLE posts ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, title varchar default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) CREATE TABLE authors ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, post_id int(11) default NULL, name varchar default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) )
Unsaved objects and associations
You can manipulate objects and associations before they are saved to the database, but there is some special behaviour you should be aware of, mostly involving the saving of associated objects.
One-to-one associations
- Assigning an object to a has_one association automatically saves that object and the object being replaced (if there is one), in order to update their primary keys - except if the parent object is unsaved (new_record? == true).
- If either of these saves fail (due to one of the objects being invalid) the assignment statement returns false and the assignment is cancelled.
- If you wish to assign an object to a has_one association without saving it, use the association.build method (documented below).
- Assigning an object to a belongs_to association does not save the object, since the foreign key field belongs on the parent. It does not save the parent either.
Collections
- Adding an object to a collection (has_many or has_and_belongs_to_many) automatically saves that object, except if the parent object (the owner of the collection) is not yet stored in the database.
- If saving any of the objects being added to a collection (via push or similar) fails, then push returns false.
- You can add an object to a collection without automatically saving it by using the collection.build method (documented below).
- All unsaved (new_record? == true) members of the collection are automatically saved when the parent is saved.
Association callbacks
Similiar to the normal callbacks that hook into the lifecycle of an Active Record object, you can also define callbacks that get trigged when you add an object to or removing an object from a association collection. Example:
class Project has_and_belongs_to_many :developers, :after_add => :evaluate_velocity def evaluate_velocity(developer) ... end end
It’s possible to stack callbacks by passing them as an array. Example:
class Project has_and_belongs_to_many :developers, :after_add => [:evaluate_velocity, Proc.new { |p, d| p.shipping_date = Time.now}] end
Possible callbacks are: before_add, after_add, before_remove and after_remove.
Should any of the before_add callbacks throw an exception, the object does not get added to the collection. Same with the before_remove callbacks, if an exception is thrown the object doesn’t get removed.
Association extensions
The proxy objects that controls the access to associations can be extended through anonymous modules. This is especially beneficial for adding new finders, creators, and other factory-type methods that are only used as part of this association. Example:
class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :people do def find_or_create_by_name(name) first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2) find_or_create_by_first_name_and_last_name(first_name, last_name) end end end person = Account.find(:first).people.find_or_create_by_name("David Heinemeier Hansson") person.first_name # => "David" person.last_name # => "Heinemeier Hansson"
If you need to share the same extensions between many associations, you can use a named extension module. Example:
module FindOrCreateByNameExtension def find_or_create_by_name(name) first_name, last_name = name.split(" ", 2) find_or_create_by_first_name_and_last_name(first_name, last_name) end end class Account < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :people, :extend => FindOrCreateByNameExtension end class Company < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :people, :extend => FindOrCreateByNameExtension end
Association Join Models
Has Many associations can be configured with the :through option to use an explicit join model to retrieve the data. This operates similarly to a has_and_belongs_to_many association. The advantage is that you’re able to add validations, callbacks, and extra attributes on the join model. Consider the following schema:
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :authorships has_many :books, :through => :authorships end class Authorship < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :author belongs_to :book end @author = Author.find :first @author.authorships.collect { |a| a.book } # selects all books that the author's authorships belong to. @author.books # selects all books by using the Authorship join model
You can also go through a has_many association on the join model:
class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :clients has_many :invoices, :through => :clients end class Client < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :firm has_many :invoices end class Invoice < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :client end @firm = Firm.find :first @firm.clients.collect { |c| c.invoices }.flatten # select all invoices for all clients of the firm @firm.invoices # selects all invoices by going through the Client join model.
Polymorphic Associations
Polymorphic associations on models are not restricted on what types of models they can be associated with. Rather, they specify an interface that a has_many association must adhere to.
class Asset < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :attachable, :polymorphic => true end class Post < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :assets, :as => :attachable # The <tt>:as</tt> option specifies the polymorphic interface to use. end @asset.attachable = @post
This works by using a type column in addition to a foreign key to specify the associated record. In the Asset example, you’d need an attachable_id integer column and an attachable_type string column.
Caching
All of the methods are built on a simple caching principle that will keep the result of the last query around unless specifically instructed not to. The cache is even shared across methods to make it even cheaper to use the macro-added methods without worrying too much about performance at the first go. Example:
project.milestones # fetches milestones from the database project.milestones.size # uses the milestone cache project.milestones.empty? # uses the milestone cache project.milestones(true).size # fetches milestones from the database project.milestones # uses the milestone cache
Eager loading of associations
Eager loading is a way to find objects of a certain class and a number of named associations along with it in a single SQL call. This is one of the easiest ways of to prevent the dreaded 1+N problem in which fetching 100 posts that each needs to display their author triggers 101 database queries. Through the use of eager loading, the 101 queries can be reduced to 1. Example:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :author has_many :comments end
Consider the following loop using the class above:
for post in Post.find(:all) puts "Post: " + post.title puts "Written by: " + post.author.name puts "Last comment on: " + post.comments.first.created_on end
To iterate over these one hundred posts, we’ll generate 201 database queries. Let’s first just optimize it for retrieving the author:
for post in Post.find(:all, :include => :author)
This references the name of the belongs_to association that also used the :author symbol, so the find will now weave in a join something like this: LEFT OUTER JOIN authors ON authors.id = posts.author_id. Doing so will cut down the number of queries from 201 to 101.
We can improve upon the situation further by referencing both associations in the finder with:
for post in Post.find(:all, :include => [ :author, :comments ])
That‘ll add another join along the lines of: LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = posts.id. And we’ll be down to 1 query. But that shouldn’t fool you to think that you can pull out huge amounts of data with no performance penalty just because you’ve reduced the number of queries. The database still needs to send all the data to Active Record and it still needs to be processed. So it’s no catch-all for performance problems, but it’s a great way to cut down on the number of queries in a situation as the one described above.
Please note that limited eager loading with has_many and has_and_belongs_to_many associations is not compatible with describing conditions on these eager tables. This will work:
Post.find(:all, :include => :comments, :conditions => "posts.title = 'magic forest'", :limit => 2)
…but this will not (and an ArgumentError will be raised):
Post.find(:all, :include => :comments, :conditions => "comments.body like 'Normal%'", :limit => 2)
Also have in mind that since the eager loading is pulling from multiple tables, you’ll have to disambiguate any column references in both conditions and orders. So :order => "posts.id DESC" will work while :order => "id DESC" will not. This may require that you alter the :order and :conditions on the association definitions themselves.
It’s currently not possible to use eager loading on multiple associations from the same table. Eager loading will not pull additional attributes on join tables, so "rich associations" with has_and_belongs_to_many is not a good fit for eager loading.
Table Aliasing
ActiveRecord uses table aliasing in the case that a table is referenced multiple times in a join. If a table is referenced only once, the standard table name is used. The second time, the table is aliased as #{reflection_name}_#{parent_table_name}. Indexes are appended for any more successive uses of the table name.
Post.find :all, :include => :comments # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ... Post.find :all, :include => :special_comments # STI # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ... AND comments.type = 'SpecialComment' Post.find :all, :include => [:comments, :special_comments] # special_comments is the reflection name, posts is the parent table name # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments ON ... LEFT OUTER JOIN comments special_comments_posts
Acts as tree example:
TreeMixin.find :all, :include => :children # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ... TreeMixin.find :all, :include => {:children => :parent} # using cascading eager includes # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ... LEFT OUTER JOIN parents_mixins ... TreeMixin.find :all, :include => {:children => {:parent => :children}} # => SELECT ... FROM mixins LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins ... LEFT OUTER JOIN parents_mixins ...
LEFT OUTER JOIN mixins childrens_mixins_2
Has and Belongs to Many join tables use the same idea, but add a _join suffix:
Post.find :all, :include => :categories # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ... Post.find :all, :include => {:categories => :posts} # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join LEFT OUTER JOIN posts posts_categories Post.find :all, :include => {:categories => {:posts => :categories}} # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories ... LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts posts_categories_join LEFT OUTER JOIN posts posts_categories LEFT OUTER JOIN categories_posts categories_posts_join LEFT OUTER JOIN categories categories_posts
If you wish to specify your own custom joins using a :joins option, those table names will take precedence over the eager associations..
Post.find :all, :include => :comments, :joins => "inner join comments ..." # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments_posts ON ... INNER JOIN comments ... Post.find :all, :include => [:comments, :special_comments], :joins => "inner join comments ..." # => SELECT ... FROM posts LEFT OUTER JOIN comments comments_posts ON ... LEFT OUTER JOIN comments special_comments_posts ... INNER JOIN comments ...
Table aliases are automatically truncated according to the maximum length of table identifiers according to the specific database.
Modules
By default, associations will look for objects within the current module scope. Consider:
module MyApplication module Business class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :clients end class Company < ActiveRecord::Base; end end end
When Firm#clients is called, it’ll in turn call MyApplication::Business::Company.find(firm.id). If you want to associate with a class in another module scope this can be done by specifying the complete class name, such as:
module MyApplication module Business class Firm < ActiveRecord::Base; end end module Billing class Account < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :firm, :class_name => "MyApplication::Business::Firm" end end end
Type safety with ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch
If you attempt to assign an object to an association that doesn’t match the inferred or specified :class_name, you’ll get a ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch.
Options
All of the association macros can be specialized through options which makes more complex cases than the simple and guessable ones possible.
Adds the following methods for retrieval and query for a single associated object that this object holds an id to. association is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so belongs_to :author would add among others author.nil?.
- association(force_reload = false) - returns the associated object. Nil is returned if none is found.
- association=(associate) - assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, and sets it as the foreign key.
- association.nil? - returns true if there is no associated object.
- build_association(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key but has not yet been saved.
- create_association(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
Example: A Post class declares belongs_to :author, which will add:
- Post#author (similar to Author.find(author_id))
- Post#author=(author) (similar to post.author_id = author.id)
- Post#author? (similar to post.author == some_author)
- Post#author.nil?
- Post#build_author (similar to post.author = Author.new)
- Post#create_author (similar to post.author = Author.new; post.author.save; post.author)
The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
Options are:
- :class_name - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can’t be inferred from the association name. So has_one :author will by default be linked to the Author class, but if the real class name is Person, you’ll have to specify it with this option.
- :conditions - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a "WHERE" sql fragment, such as "authorized = 1".
- :order - specify the order from which the associated object will be picked at the top. Specified as an "ORDER BY" sql fragment, such as "last_name, first_name DESC"
- :foreign_key - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name of the associated class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a belongs_to association to a Boss class will use "boss_id" as the default foreign_key.
- :counter_cache - caches the number of belonging objects on the associate class through use of increment_counter and decrement_counter. The counter cache is incremented when an object of this class is created and decremented when it’s destroyed. This requires that a column named "#{table_name}_count" (such as comments_count for a belonging Comment class) is used on the associate class (such as a Post class). You can also specify a custom counter cache column by given that name instead of a true/false value to this option (e.g., :counter_cache => :my_custom_counter.)
- :include - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when this object is loaded.
- :polymorphic - specify this association is a polymorphic association by passing true.
Option examples:
belongs_to :firm, :foreign_key => "client_of" belongs_to :author, :class_name => "Person", :foreign_key => "author_id" belongs_to :valid_coupon, :class_name => "Coupon", :foreign_key => "coupon_id", :conditions => 'discounts > #{payments_count}' belongs_to :attachable, :polymorphic => true
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb, line 647 647: def belongs_to(association_id, options = {}) 648: reflection = create_belongs_to_reflection(association_id, options) 649: 650: if reflection.options[:polymorphic] 651: association_accessor_methods(reflection, BelongsToPolymorphicAssociation) 652: 653: module_eval do 654: before_save "association = instance_variable_get(\"@\#{reflection.name}\")\nif !association.nil?\nif association.new_record?\nassociation.save(true)\nend\n\nif association.updated?\nself[\"\#{reflection.primary_key_name}\"] = association.id\nself[\"\#{reflection.options[:foreign_type]}\"] = association.class.base_class.name.to_s\nend\nend\n" 655: end 656: else 657: association_accessor_methods(reflection, BelongsToAssociation) 658: association_constructor_method(:build, reflection, BelongsToAssociation) 659: association_constructor_method(:create, reflection, BelongsToAssociation) 660: 661: module_eval do 662: before_save "association = instance_variable_get(\"@\#{reflection.name}\")\nif !association.nil?\nif association.new_record?\nassociation.save(true)\nend\n\nif association.updated?\nself[\"\#{reflection.primary_key_name}\"] = association.id\nend\nend\n" 663: end 664: 665: # deprecated api 666: deprecated_has_association_method(reflection.name) 667: deprecated_association_comparison_method(reflection.name, reflection.class_name) 668: end 669: 670: if options[:counter_cache] 671: cache_column = options[:counter_cache] == true ? 672: "#{self.to_s.underscore.pluralize}_count" : 673: options[:counter_cache] 674: 675: module_eval( 676: "after_create '#{reflection.name}.class.increment_counter(\"#{cache_column}\", #{reflection.primary_key_name})" + 677: " unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'" 678: ) 679: 680: module_eval( 681: "before_destroy '#{reflection.name}.class.decrement_counter(\"#{cache_column}\", #{reflection.primary_key_name})" + 682: " unless #{reflection.name}.nil?'" 683: ) 684: end 685: end
Associates two classes via an intermediate join table. Unless the join table is explicitly specified as an option, it is guessed using the lexical order of the class names. So a join between Developer and Project will give the default join table name of "developers_projects" because "D" outranks "P".
Deprecated: Any additional fields added to the join table will be placed as attributes when pulling records out through has_and_belongs_to_many associations. Records returned from join tables with additional attributes will be marked as ReadOnly (because we can’t save changes to the additional attrbutes). It’s strongly recommended that you upgrade any associations with attributes to a real join model (see introduction).
Adds the following methods for retrieval and query. collection is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so has_and_belongs_to_many :categories would add among others categories.empty?.
- collection(force_reload = false) - returns an array of all the associated objects. An empty array is returned if none is found.
- collection<<(object, …) - adds one or more objects to the collection by creating associations in the join table (collection.push and collection.concat are aliases to this method).
- collection.push_with_attributes(object, join_attributes) - adds one to the collection by creating an association in the join table that also holds the attributes from join_attributes (should be a hash with the column names as keys). This can be used to have additional attributes on the join, which will be injected into the associated objects when they are retrieved through the collection. (collection.concat_with_attributes is an alias to this method). This method is now deprecated.
- collection.delete(object, …) - removes one or more objects from the collection by removing their associations from the join table. This does not destroy the objects.
- collection=objects - replaces the collections content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate.
- collection_singular_ids=ids - replace the collection by the objects identified by the primary keys in ids
- collection.clear - removes every object from the collection. This does not destroy the objects.
- collection.empty? - returns true if there are no associated objects.
- collection.size - returns the number of associated objects.
- collection.find(id) - finds an associated object responding to the id and that meets the condition that it has to be associated with this object.
Example: An Developer class declares has_and_belongs_to_many :projects, which will add:
- Developer#projects
- Developer#projects<<
- Developer#projects.push_with_attributes
- Developer#projects.delete
- Developer#projects=
- Developer#project_ids=
- Developer#projects.clear
- Developer#projects.empty?
- Developer#projects.size
- Developer#projects.find(id)
The declaration may include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
Options are:
- :class_name - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can’t be inferred from the association name. So has_and_belongs_to_many :projects will by default be linked to the Project class, but if the real class name is SuperProject, you’ll have to specify it with this option.
- :join_table - specify the name of the join table if the default based on lexical order isn’t what you want. WARNING: If you’re overwriting the table name of either class, the table_name method MUST be declared underneath any has_and_belongs_to_many declaration in order to work.
- :foreign_key - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a has_and_belongs_to_many association will use "person_id" as the default foreign_key.
- :association_foreign_key - specify the association foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name of the associated class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So if the associated class is Project, the has_and_belongs_to_many association will use "project_id" as the default association foreign_key.
- :conditions - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a "WHERE" sql fragment, such as "authorized = 1".
- :order - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as a "ORDER BY" sql fragment, such as "last_name, first_name DESC"
- :uniq - if set to true, duplicate associated objects will be ignored by accessors and query methods
- :finder_sql - overwrite the default generated SQL used to fetch the association with a manual one
- :delete_sql - overwrite the default generated SQL used to remove links between the associated classes with a manual one
- :insert_sql - overwrite the default generated SQL used to add links between the associated classes with a manual one
- :extend - anonymous module for extending the proxy, see "Association extensions".
- :include - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when the collection is loaded.
- :group: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
- :limit: An integer determining the limit on the number of rows that should be returned.
- :offset: An integer determining the offset from where the rows should be fetched. So at 5, it would skip the first 4 rows.
- :select: By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you for example want to do a join, but not include the joined columns.
Option examples:
has_and_belongs_to_many :projects has_and_belongs_to_many :projects, :include => [ :milestones, :manager ] has_and_belongs_to_many :nations, :class_name => "Country" has_and_belongs_to_many :categories, :join_table => "prods_cats" has_and_belongs_to_many :active_projects, :join_table => 'developers_projects', :delete_sql => 'DELETE FROM developers_projects WHERE active=1 AND developer_id = #{id} AND project_id = #{record.id}'
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# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb, line 792 792: def has_and_belongs_to_many(association_id, options = {}, &extension) 793: reflection = create_has_and_belongs_to_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension) 794: 795: add_multiple_associated_save_callbacks(reflection.name) 796: collection_accessor_methods(reflection, HasAndBelongsToManyAssociation) 797: 798: # Don't use a before_destroy callback since users' before_destroy 799: # callbacks will be executed after the association is wiped out. 800: old_method = "destroy_without_habtm_shim_for_#{reflection.name}" 801: class_eval "alias_method :\#{old_method}, :destroy_without_callbacks\ndef destroy_without_callbacks\n\#{reflection.name}.clear\n\#{old_method}\nend\n" 802: 803: add_association_callbacks(reflection.name, options) 804: 805: # deprecated api 806: deprecated_collection_count_method(reflection.name) 807: deprecated_add_association_relation(reflection.name) 808: deprecated_remove_association_relation(reflection.name) 809: deprecated_has_collection_method(reflection.name) 810: end
Adds the following methods for retrieval and query of collections of associated objects. collection is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so has_many :clients would add among others clients.empty?.
- collection(force_reload = false) - returns an array of all the associated objects. An empty array is returned if none are found.
- collection<<(object, …) - adds one or more objects to the collection by setting their foreign keys to the collection’s primary key.
- collection.delete(object, …) - removes one or more objects from the collection by setting their foreign keys to NULL. This will also destroy the objects if they’re declared as belongs_to and dependent on this model.
- collection=objects - replaces the collections content by deleting and adding objects as appropriate.
- collection_singular_ids=ids - replace the collection by the objects identified by the primary keys in ids
- collection.clear - removes every object from the collection. This destroys the associated objects if they are :dependent, deletes them directly from the database if they are :dependent => :delete_all, and sets their foreign keys to NULL otherwise.
- collection.empty? - returns true if there are no associated objects.
- collection.size - returns the number of associated objects.
- collection.find - finds an associated object according to the same rules as Base.find.
- collection.build(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key but has not yet been saved. *Note:* This only works if an associated object already exists, not if it’s nil!
- collection.create(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation). *Note:* This only works if an associated object already exists, not if it’s nil!
Example: A Firm class declares has_many :clients, which will add:
- Firm#clients (similar to Clients.find :all, :conditions => "firm_id = #{id}")
- Firm#clients<<
- Firm#clients.delete
- Firm#clients=
- Firm#client_ids=
- Firm#clients.clear
- Firm#clients.empty? (similar to firm.clients.size == 0)
- Firm#clients.size (similar to Client.count "firm_id = #{id}")
- Firm#clients.find (similar to Client.find(id, :conditions => "firm_id = #{id}"))
- Firm#clients.build (similar to Client.new("firm_id" => id))
- Firm#clients.create (similar to c = Client.new("firm_id" => id); c.save; c)
The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
Options are:
- :class_name - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can’t be inferred from the association name. So has_many :products will by default be linked to the Product class, but if the real class name is SpecialProduct, you’ll have to specify it with this option.
- :conditions - specify the conditions that the associated objects must meet in order to be included as a "WHERE" sql fragment, such as "price > 5 AND name LIKE ‘B%’".
- :order - specify the order in which the associated objects are returned as a "ORDER BY" sql fragment, such as "last_name, first_name DESC"
- :group - specify the attribute by which the associated objects are returned as a "GROUP BY" sql fragment, such as "category"
- :foreign_key - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a has_many association will use "person_id" as the default foreign_key.
- :dependent - if set to :destroy all the associated objects are destroyed alongside this object by calling their destroy method. If set to :delete_all all associated objects are deleted without calling their destroy method. If set to :nullify all associated objects’ foreign keys are set to NULL without calling their save callbacks. NOTE: :dependent => true is deprecated and has been replaced with :dependent => :destroy. May not be set if :exclusively_dependent is also set.
- :exclusively_dependent - Deprecated; equivalent to :dependent => :delete_all. If set to true all the associated object are deleted in one SQL statement without having their before_destroy callback run. This should only be used on associations that depend solely on this class and don’t need to do any clean-up in before_destroy. The upside is that it’s much faster, especially if there’s a counter_cache involved. May not be set if :dependent is also set.
- :finder_sql - specify a complete SQL statement to fetch the association. This is a good way to go for complex associations that depend on multiple tables. Note: When this option is used, find_in_collection is not added.
- :counter_sql - specify a complete SQL statement to fetch the size of the association. If +:finder_sql+ is specified but +:counter_sql+, +:counter_sql+ will be generated by replacing SELECT … FROM with SELECT COUNT(*) FROM.
- :extend - specify a named module for extending the proxy, see "Association extensions".
- :include - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when the collection is loaded.
- :group: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
- :limit: An integer determining the limit on the number of rows that should be returned.
- :offset: An integer determining the offset from where the rows should be fetched. So at 5, it would skip the first 4 rows.
- :select: By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you for example want to do a join, but not include the joined columns.
- :as: Specifies a polymorphic interface (See belongs_to).
- :through: Specifies a Join Model to perform the query through. Options for :class_name and :foreign_key are ignored, as the association uses the source reflection. You can only use a :through query through a belongs_to or has_many association.
- :source: Specifies the source association name used by has_many :through queries. Only use it if the name cannot be inferred from the association. has_many :subscribers, :through => :subscriptions will look for either +:subscribers+ or +:subscriber+ on Subscription, unless a +:source+ is given.
Option examples:
has_many :comments, :order => "posted_on" has_many :comments, :include => :author has_many :people, :class_name => "Person", :conditions => "deleted = 0", :order => "name" has_many :tracks, :order => "position", :dependent => :destroy has_many :comments, :dependent => :nullify has_many :tags, :as => :taggable has_many :subscribers, :through => :subscriptions, :source => :user has_many :subscribers, :class_name => "Person", :finder_sql => 'SELECT DISTINCT people.* ' + 'FROM people p, post_subscriptions ps ' + 'WHERE ps.post_id = #{id} AND ps.person_id = p.id ' + 'ORDER BY p.first_name'
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb, line 519 519: def has_many(association_id, options = {}, &extension) 520: reflection = create_has_many_reflection(association_id, options, &extension) 521: 522: configure_dependency_for_has_many(reflection) 523: 524: if options[:through] 525: collection_reader_method(reflection, HasManyThroughAssociation) 526: else 527: add_multiple_associated_save_callbacks(reflection.name) 528: add_association_callbacks(reflection.name, reflection.options) 529: collection_accessor_methods(reflection, HasManyAssociation) 530: end 531: 532: add_deprecated_api_for_has_many(reflection.name) 533: end
Adds the following methods for retrieval and query of a single associated object. association is replaced with the symbol passed as the first argument, so has_one :manager would add among others manager.nil?.
- association(force_reload = false) - returns the associated object. Nil is returned if none is found.
- association=(associate) - assigns the associate object, extracts the primary key, sets it as the foreign key, and saves the associate object.
- association.nil? - returns true if there is no associated object.
- build_association(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key but has not yet been saved. Note: This ONLY works if an association already exists. It will NOT work if the association is nil.
- create_association(attributes = {}) - returns a new object of the associated type that has been instantiated with attributes and linked to this object through a foreign key and that has already been saved (if it passed the validation).
Example: An Account class declares has_one :beneficiary, which will add:
- Account#beneficiary (similar to Beneficiary.find(:first, :conditions => "account_id = #{id}"))
- Account#beneficiary=(beneficiary) (similar to beneficiary.account_id = account.id; beneficiary.save)
- Account#beneficiary.nil?
- Account#build_beneficiary (similar to Beneficiary.new("account_id" => id))
- Account#create_beneficiary (similar to b = Beneficiary.new("account_id" => id); b.save; b)
The declaration can also include an options hash to specialize the behavior of the association.
Options are:
- :class_name - specify the class name of the association. Use it only if that name can’t be inferred from the association name. So has_one :manager will by default be linked to the Manager class, but if the real class name is Person, you’ll have to specify it with this option.
- :conditions - specify the conditions that the associated object must meet in order to be included as a "WHERE" sql fragment, such as "rank = 5".
- :order - specify the order from which the associated object will
be picked at the top. Specified as
an "ORDER BY" sql fragment, such as "last_name, first_name DESC"
- :dependent - if set to :destroy (or true) all the associated objects are destroyed when this object is. Also, association is assigned.
- :foreign_key - specify the foreign key used for the association. By default this is guessed to be the name of this class in lower-case and "_id" suffixed. So a Person class that makes a has_one association will use "person_id" as the default foreign_key.
- :include - specify second-order associations that should be eager loaded when this object is loaded.
Option examples:
has_one :credit_card, :dependent => :destroy # destroys the associated credit card has_one :credit_card, :dependent => :nullify # updates the associated records foriegn key value to null rather than destroying it has_one :last_comment, :class_name => "Comment", :order => "posted_on" has_one :project_manager, :class_name => "Person", :conditions => "role = 'project_manager'"
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations.rb, line 577 577: def has_one(association_id, options = {}) 578: reflection = create_has_one_reflection(association_id, options) 579: 580: module_eval do 581: after_save "association = instance_variable_get(\"@\#{reflection.name}\")\nunless association.nil?\nassociation[\"\#{reflection.primary_key_name}\"] = id\nassociation.save(true)\nend\n" 582: end 583: 584: association_accessor_methods(reflection, HasOneAssociation) 585: association_constructor_method(:build, reflection, HasOneAssociation) 586: association_constructor_method(:create, reflection, HasOneAssociation) 587: 588: configure_dependency_for_has_one(reflection) 589: 590: # deprecated api 591: deprecated_has_association_method(reflection.name) 592: deprecated_association_comparison_method(reflection.name, reflection.class_name) 593: end


Automatically hide
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Increases or decreases the size of the main window. This is especially useful for higher resolutions.
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Sets the maximum height of the main window.


Isolating Environments¶
Isolation policies are used when one group of VMs must be completely blocked from communicating with another group of VMs without any whitelist exceptions. A common example is using isolation policies to block VMs tagged Environment: Dev from talking to VMs in Environment: Production. Do not use isolation policies if you want to create exceptions between the two groups, instead use an Application Policy which allows a whitelist model.
In this exercise you will create a new environment category and assign this to the Task Manager application. Then you will create and implement an isolation security policy that uses the newly created category in order to restrict unauthorized access.
Creating and Assigning Categories¶
In Prism Central, select > Virtual Infrastructure > Categories.
Select the checkbox for Environment and click Actions > Update.
Click the icon beside the last value to add an additional Category value.
Specify Initials-Prod as the value name.
Click Save.
In Prism Central, select > Virtual Infrastructure > VMs.
Click Filters and search for Initials- to display your virtual machines.
Note
If you previously created a Label for your application VMs you can also search for that label. Alternatively you can search for the AppType: TaskMan-Initials category from the Filters pane.
Using the checkboxes, select the 4 VMs associated with the application (HAProxy, MYSQL, WebServer-0, WebServer-1) and select Actions > Manage Categories.
Specify Environment:Initials-Prod in the search bar and click Save icon to bulk assign the category to all 4 VMs.
Creating an Isolation Policy¶
In Prism Central, select > Virtual Infrastructure > Policies > Security Policies.
Click Create Security Policy > Isolate Environments (Isolation Policy) > Create.
Fill out the following fields:
- Name - Initials-Isolate-dev-prod
- Purpose - Initials - Isolate dev from prod
- Isolate This Category - Environment:Dev
- From This Category - Environment:Initials-Prod
- Do NOT select Apply this isolation only within a subset of the datacenter. This option provides additional granularity by only applying to VMs assigned a third, mutual category.
Click Apply Now to save the policy and begin enforcement immediately.
Return to the Initials-WinClient-0 console.
Is the Task Manager application accessible? Why not?
Using these simple policies it is possible to block traffic between groups of VMs such as production and development, to isolate a lab system, or provide isolation for compliance.
Deleting a Policy¶
In Prism Central, select > Policies > Security Policies.
Select Initials-Isolate-dev-prod and click Actions > Delete.
Type DELETE in the confirmation dialogue and click OK to disable the policy.
Note
To disable the policy you can choose to enter Monitor mode, rather than deleting the policy completely.
Return to the Initials-WinClient-0 console and verify the Task Manager application is accessible again from the browser.
Takeaways¶
What are the key things you should know about Nutanix Flow?
- In this exercise you utilized Flow to quarantine a VM using the two modalities of the quarantine policy, which are strict and forensic.
- Quarantine policies are evaluated at a higher priority than application policies. A quarantine traffic can block traffic that would otherwise be allowed by an application policy.
- The forensic modality is key to allow limited access a quarantined VM while the VM is quarantined.


http://www.openwall.com/lists/john-users/2014/07/02/2
The latest "bleeding-jumbo" version (from the following repository) now
> supports cracking such hashes.
>
> https://github.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper
>
> $ cat hashes
> $known_hosts$|1|pgjIzNM77FYsBHLfKvvG9aWpKAA=|XbHqTCXG1JAV6fb2h2HT8MT7kGU=
> $known_hosts$|1|vAQX51f9EfXY33/j3upxFIlI1ds=|q+CzSLaa1EaSsAQzP/XRM/gaFQ4=
>
> $ ../run/john hashes --mask="192.30.252.?d?d?d"
> Loaded 2 password hashes with 2 different salts (known_hosts, ...)
> ....
> <IP_ADDRESS> (?)
> <IP_ADDRESS> (?)
>
> $ ../run/john --format=known_hosts --test # i7-4750HQ CPU
> Benchmarking: known_hosts, HashKnownHosts HMAC-SHA1 [SHA1 32/64]... DONE
> Raw: 1836K c/s real, 1836K c/s virtual
>
> Later on, we might be able to use an existing format (or the dynamic
> format) for cracking such hashes.


Take a look at the documentation
When jumping we'd most likey use the "ease-in-out-bounce" easing function. (notice how much more smooth it is) There are many predefined easing functions in oCanvas already (see here) but we could always make our own! (Cramer, your the physics guy :p) Notice what rotate does with the ease-in-bounce compared to ease-in-out-quad. Take a look at the code! It pretty straight forward.


Interface: Intercept
interface Intercept
- Author:
-
Phil Levis
-
David Gay
Revision: $Revision: 1.12 $
Defines global error codes for error_t in TinyOS.
Events
event bool forward(message_t *msg, void *payload, uint8_t len)
Events - Details
forward
event bool forward(message_t *msg, void *payload, uint8_t len)
- Parameters:
-
'message_t* ONE msg' The complete message received.
-
'void* COUNT(len) payload' The payload portion of the packet for this
protocol layer.
-
len
- The length of the payload buffer.
- Returns:
-
TRUE indicates the packet should be forwarded, FALSE
indicates that it should not be forwarded.


Options
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Multi-Level Cache Simulator License
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2015 Aramis Hornung Moraes
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


unaccent(1) unaccent(1) NAME unaccent - remove accents from input stream or a string SYNOPSIS unaccent [--debug_low] [--debug_high] [-h] charset [string] [expected] DESCRIPTION With a single argument, unaccent reads data from stdin, replaces accented letters by their unaccented equivalent and writes the result on stdout. If the second argument ('string') is provided unaccent transforms it by replacing accented letters by their unaccented equivalent. The result is printed on the standard output. The charset of the input string or the data read from stdin is specified by the 'charset' argument (ISO-8859-15 for instance). The output is printed using the same charset. If the 'expected' argument is provided, the output string is compared to it. If they are not equal unaccent exits on error. unaccent relies on the iconv(3) library to convert from the specified charset to UTF-16BE (or UTF-16 if UTF-16BE is not available). You should check the manual pages for available charsets. On GNU/Linux the command iconv -l shows all available charsets. OPTIONS --debug_low Prints human readable information about the unaccentuation process. See unac(3) for more information. --debug_high Prints very detailed information about the unaccentuation process. See unac(3) for more information. --help -h Prints a short usage and exits. EXAMPLES Remove accents from the string été and check that the result is ete. unaccent ISO-8859-1 été ete Remove accents from file myfile and put the result in file myfile.unac‐ cent unaccent ISO-8859-1 < myfile > myfile.unaccent SEE ALSO unac(3), iconv(3) AUTHOR Loic Dachary<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://www.senga.org/unac/ local unaccent(1)


Machine Learning in the Kitchen
Join this two day workshop that walks through how to implement cutting-edge snack-getting algorithms with a command line interface. Coding usually involves writing exact instructions, but sometimes you need your computer to execute flexible commands, like fetch Pringles
.
Bisection Vegetable Chopping
This week-long retreat will level-up your coding ninja skills to actual ninja skills. No longer is the humble bisection search limited to sorted arrays or coding interview questions, applying its concepts in the kitchen will have you chopping carrots in O(log n) time before you know it.


Files | |
| file | axis2_engine.h |
Modules | |
| configuration | |
| dispatcher | |
| phases | |
| phase meta data | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct axis2_engine | axis2_engine_t |
Functions | |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_send (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_receive (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_send_fault (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_receive_fault (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_msg_ctx_t * | axis2_engine_create_fault_msg_ctx (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *processing_context, const axis2_char_t *code_value, const axis2_char_t *reason_text) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_invoke_phases (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axutil_array_list_t *phases, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_resume_invocation_phases (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axutil_array_list_t *phases, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN const axis2_char_t * | axis2_engine_get_sender_fault_code (const axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, const axis2_char_t *soap_namespace) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN const axis2_char_t * | axis2_engine_get_receiver_fault_code (const axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, const axis2_char_t *soap_namespace) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN void | axis2_engine_free (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_resume_receive (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t | axis2_engine_resume_send (axis2_engine_t *engine, const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_msg_ctx_t *msg_ctx) |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_engine_t * | axis2_engine_create (const axutil_env_t *env, axis2_conf_ctx_t *conf_ctx) |
| typedef struct axis2_engine axis2_engine_t |
Type name for struct axis2_engine
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_engine_t* axis2_engine_create | ( | const axutil_env_t * | env, | |
| axis2_conf_ctx_t * | conf_ctx | |||
| ) |
Creates en engine struct instance.
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| conf_ctx | pointer to configuration context struct |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_msg_ctx_t* axis2_engine_create_fault_msg_ctx | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | processing_context, | |||
| const axis2_char_t * | code_value, | |||
| const axis2_char_t * | reason_text | |||
| ) |
Creates a message context that represents the fault state based on current processing state.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| processing_context | pointer to message context representing current processing context | |
| code_value | pointer to a string containing fault code | |
| reason_text | pointer to a string containing reason of the fault |
| AXIS2_EXTERN void axis2_engine_free | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env | |||
| ) |
Frees engine struct.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct |
| AXIS2_EXTERN const axis2_char_t* axis2_engine_get_receiver_fault_code | ( | const axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| const axis2_char_t * | soap_namespace | |||
| ) |
Gets receiver's SOAP fault code.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| soap_namespace | pointer to soap namespace |
| AXIS2_EXTERN const axis2_char_t* axis2_engine_get_sender_fault_code | ( | const axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| const axis2_char_t * | soap_namespace | |||
| ) |
Gets sender's SOAP fault code.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| soap_namespace | pointer to SOAP namespace |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_invoke_phases | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axutil_array_list_t * | phases, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
Invokes the phases in the given array list of phases. The list of phases could be representing one of the flows. The two possible flows are in flow and out flow. Both of those flows can also have fault related representations, in fault flow and out fault flow. Invoking a phase triggers the invocation of handlers the phase contain.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| phases | pointer to phases | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context containing current state |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_receive | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
This methods represents the in flow of the Axis engine, both at the server side as well as the client side. In this function, the execution chain is created using the phases of the in flow. All handlers at each in flow phase, which are ordered in the deployment time are invoked in sequence here.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context representing current state that is used in receiving message |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_receive_fault | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
This is invoked when a SOAP fault is received.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context representing that contains the details of receive state |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_resume_invocation_phases | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axutil_array_list_t * | phases, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
Resumes phase invocation. While invoking the phases, one of the handlers in any phase could determine to pause the invocation. Often pausing happens to wait till some state is reached or some task is complete. Once paused, the invocation has to be resumed using this function, which will resume the invocation from the paused handler in the paused phase and will continue till it is paused again or it completes invoking all the remaining handlers in the remaining phases.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| phases | pointer to phases | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context containing current paused state |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_resume_receive | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
Resumes receive operation. It could be the case that receive was paused by one of the in flow handlers. In such a situation, this method could be used to resume the receive operation.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_resume_send | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
Resumes send operation. It could be the case that send was paused by one of the out flow handlers. In such a situation, this method could be used to resume the send operation.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_send | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
This methods represents the out flow of the Axis engine both at the server side as well as the client side. In this function, the execution chain is created using the phases of the out flow. All handlers at each out flow phase, which are ordered in the deployment time are invoked in sequence here.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context representing current state that is used when sending message |
| AXIS2_EXTERN axis2_status_t axis2_engine_send_fault | ( | axis2_engine_t * | engine, | |
| const axutil_env_t * | env, | |||
| axis2_msg_ctx_t * | msg_ctx | |||
| ) |
Sends a SOAP fault.
| engine | pointer to engine | |
| env | pointer to environment struct | |
| msg_ctx | pointer to message context that contains details of fault state |


FlexBox - devchallenges.io
1: Align block items in the same row
2: Center item(s) in the middle of the container
3: Distribute equal space between items
4: Push last item to the end
5: Build Relative Size Column
6: Build reponsive Layout without and with media query
7: Change order (not common)
8: Change position of item(s) (not common)


TECHNICAL SKILLS:
- Languages: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
- Tools: VS Code, Ubuntu Terminal, Command Prompt Operating Systems: Windows, Linux
- Knowledge of Computer Hardware, Software, and TCP/IP
EXPERIENCE:
Aeropost; June 2020 – Present
Customer Service Rep
- Data entry, Working with customs database, quickbooks - Providing great customer service - Handling tickets, customer inquiries - Organizing packages within store
Sea Elements; September 2019 - June 2020
Boat Captain
- Data entry - Handling accounts - Taking guest around the island
Rawlinson & Hunter (Stepping Stones placement); May 2019 - June 2019
Administrative Assistance
- File maintenance (filing and scanning) - Logging file entry - Data entry
Maples and Calder; January 2016 - October 2018
Administrative Assistance
- Delivery and retrieving archived files - Working closely with the Corporate, I.T and Litigation departments - Logging file entry ● File maintenance (CORIS) - Handling client mail - Usage of a ticketing system
Scotiabank & Trust (Cayman) Ltd (Part-time) - February 2015 - April 2015
Teller
- Provided professional, attentive and accurate transactional banking services to customers - Responded to customers by identifying needs, offering value-added advise - Daily balancing of cash tilt
Maples & Calder -Summer Internship June 2011 - August 2012 & June 2012 - August 2013)
IT Desk Clerk
- Assisted with disconnecting and reconnect desktops - Assisted with changing and maintaining of backup storage - Assisted with re-networking desktops - Filing, Scanning and printing - Assisting with troubleshooting of desktops - Setting
up work spaces, moving desk situations (phones, cords and scanners)
Education:
- 2020-Present - Cayman Code Academy
- 2011-2014 - Hiram College
- 2007-2010 - John Gray High School


com.API.shoppingCart
Interfaces
ServiceShoppingCar
Classes
Product
ServiceLocal
ShoppingCart
TestService


76ers’ Ben Simmons injured in first half against Jazz
SALT LAKE CITY (AP) - Philadelphia 76ers guard Ben Simmons did not return for the second half Wednesday night at Utah because of right shoulder soreness.
Simmons sustained a stinger in his shoulder in the first quarter after bumping Jazz guard Royce O’Neale in the chest while posting up. Simmons played only two minutes in the second quarter before leaving. He with two points and two assists in 10 minutes.
Utah led Philadelphia 58-56 at halftime.
More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/NBA and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
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|
Wyatt
0.0.1
|
Public Member Functions | |
| DriveForwardSecondsCommand (DrivetrainAdapter *chassis, double seconds) | |
| bool | execute () |
| bool | cleanup (bool canceled) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Command | |
| Command () | |
| virtual | ~Command () |
| void | init () |
| void | cancel () |
| void | stop () |
| bool | isRunning () |
| bool | isInitialized () |
| void | setIsRunning (bool value) |
| bool | isFinished () |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from Command | |
| std::mutex | m_lock |
| Lock for managing access to member variables in a thread-safe manner. | |
Definition at line 7 of file DriveForwardSecondsCommand.h.
|
virtual |
This method is called to cleanup the command (whenever the stop method is called).
| canceled | true if command was canceled, false otherwise. |
Implements Command.
Definition at line 30 of file DriveForwardSecondsCommand.cpp.
|
virtual |
This method is called periodically during the command execution. Think of it like the Arduino's loop() function. While the command is executing this will be called repeatedly. Do not include while loops in here.
Implements Command.
Definition at line 25 of file DriveForwardSecondsCommand.cpp.