pyemu.pst
¶
This is the pyemu module for handling PEST control files. It provides functionality for reading and writing control files, creating new control files, and manipulating all sections of the control file. The primary object is the Pst…start there.
Package Contents¶
Classes¶
an object that encapsulates the control data section |
|
All things PEST(++) control file |
-
class
pyemu.pst.
ControlData
¶ Bases:
object
- an object that encapsulates the control data section
of the PEST control file
Notes
This class works hard to protect the variables in the control data section. It type checks attempts to change values to make sure the type being passed matches the expected type of the attribute.
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__setattr__
(self, key, value)¶ Implement setattr(self, name, value).
-
__getattr__
(self, item)¶
-
static
get_dataframe
()¶ get a generic (default) control section as a dataframe
- Returns
a dataframe of control data information
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
-
static
_parse_value
(value)¶
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parse_values_from_lines
(self, lines, iskeyword=False)¶ cast the string lines for a pest control file into actual inputs
- Parameters
lines ([str]) – raw ASCII lines from pest control file
-
copy
(self)¶
-
property
formatted_values
(self)¶ list the entries and current values in the control data section
- Returns
formatted_values for the control data entries
- Return type
pandas.Series
-
write_keyword
(self, f)¶ write the control data entries to an open file handle using keyword-style format.
- Parameters
f (file handle) – open file handle to write to
Notes
only writes values that have been accessed since instantiation
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write
(self, f)¶ write control data section to a file
- Parameters
f (file handle) – open file handle to write to
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class
pyemu.pst.
Pst
(filename, load=True, resfile=None)¶ Bases:
object
All things PEST(++) control file
- Parameters
filename (str) – the name of the control file
load (bool, optional) – flag to load the control file. Default is True
resfile (str, optional) – corresponding residual file. If None, a residual file with the control file base name is sought. Default is None
Note
This class is the primary mechanism for dealing with PEST control files. Support is provided for constructing new control files as well as manipulating existing control files.
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.control_data.noptmax = -1 pst.write("my_new.pst")
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parameter_data
¶ ‘* parameter data’ information. Columns are standard PEST variable names
Example:
pst.parameter_data.loc[:,"partrans"] = "log" pst.parameter_data.loc[:,"parubnd"] = 10.0
- Type
pandas.DataFrame
-
observation_data
¶ ‘* observation data’ information. Columns are standard PEST variable names
Example:
pst.observation_data.loc[:,"weight"] = 1.0 pst.observation_data.loc[:,"obgnme"] = "obs_group"
- Type
pandas.DataFrame
-
prior_information
¶ ‘* prior information’ data. Columns are standard PEST variable names
- Type
pandas.DataFrame
-
control_data
¶ ‘* control data’ information. Access with standard PEST variable names
Example:
pst.control_data.noptmax = 2 pst.control_data.pestmode = "estimation"
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svd_data
¶ ‘* singular value decomposition’ section information. Access with standard PEST variable names
Example:
pst.svd_data.maxsing = 100
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reg_data
¶ ‘* regularization’ section information. Access with standard PEST variable names.
Example:
pst.reg_data.phimlim = 1.00 #yeah right!
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__setattr__
(self, key, value)¶ Implement setattr(self, name, value).
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classmethod
from_par_obs_names
(cls, par_names=['par1'], obs_names=['obs1'])¶ construct a shell Pst instance from parameter and observation names
- Parameters
par_names ([str]) – list of parameter names. Default is [par1]
obs_names ([str]) – list of observation names. Default is [obs1]
Note
While this method works, it does not make template or instruction files. Users are encouraged to use Pst.from_io_files() for more usefulness
Example:
par_names = ["par1","par2"] obs_names = ["obs1","obs2"] pst = pyemu.Pst.from_par_obs_names(par_names,obs_names)
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property
phi
(self)¶ get the weighted total objective function.
- Returns
sum of squared residuals
- Return type
float
Note
Requires Pst.res (the residuals file) to be available
-
property
phi_components
(self)¶ get the individual components of the total objective function
- Returns
dictionary of observation group, contribution to total phi
- Return type
dict
Note
Requires Pst.res (the residuals file) to be available
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property
phi_components_normalized
(self)¶ - get the individual components of the total objective function
normalized to the total PHI being 1.0
- Returns
dictionary of observation group, normalized contribution to total phi
- Return type
dict
Note
Requires Pst.res (the residuals file) to be available
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set_res
(self, res)¶ reset the private Pst.res attribute.
- Parameters
res – (pandas.DataFrame or str): something to use as Pst.res attribute. If res is str, a dataframe is read from file res
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property
res
(self)¶ get the residuals dataframe attribute
- Returns
a dataframe containing the residuals information.
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Note
- if the Pst.__res attribute has not been loaded,
this call loads the res dataframe from a file
-
property
nprior
(self)¶ number of prior information equations
- Returns
the number of prior info equations
- Return type
int
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property
nnz_obs
(self)¶ get the number of non-zero weighted observations
- Returns
the number of non-zeros weighted observations
- Return type
int
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property
nobs
(self)¶ get the number of observations
- Returns
the number of observations
- Return type
int
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property
npar_adj
(self)¶ get the number of adjustable parameters (not fixed or tied)
- Returns
the number of adjustable parameters
- Return type
int
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property
npar
(self)¶ get number of parameters
- Returns
the number of parameters
- Return type
int
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property
forecast_names
(self)¶ get the forecast names from the pestpp options (if any). Returns None if no forecasts are named
- Returns
a list of forecast names.
- Return type
[str]
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property
obs_groups
(self)¶ get the observation groups
- Returns
a list of unique observation groups
- Return type
[str]
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property
nnz_obs_groups
(self)¶ - get the observation groups that contain at least one non-zero weighted
observation
- Returns
a list of observation groups that contain at least one non-zero weighted observation
- Return type
[str]
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property
adj_par_groups
(self)¶ get the parameter groups with atleast one adjustable parameter
- Returns
a list of parameter groups with at least one adjustable parameter
- Return type
[str]
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property
par_groups
(self)¶ get the parameter groups
- Returns
a list of parameter groups
- Return type
[str]
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property
prior_groups
(self)¶ get the prior info groups
- Returns
a list of prior information groups
- Return type
[str]
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property
prior_names
(self)¶ get the prior information names
- Returns
a list of prior information names
- Return type
[str]
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property
par_names
(self)¶ get the parameter names
- Returns
a list of parameter names
- Return type
[str]
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property
adj_par_names
(self)¶ get the adjustable (not fixed or tied) parameter names
- Returns
list of adjustable (not fixed or tied) parameter names
- Return type
[str]
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property
obs_names
(self)¶ get the observation names
- Returns
a list of observation names
- Return type
[str]
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property
nnz_obs_names
(self)¶ get the non-zero weight observation names
- Returns
a list of non-zero weighted observation names
- Return type
[str]
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property
zero_weight_obs_names
(self)¶ get the zero-weighted observation names
- Returns
a list of zero-weighted observation names
- Return type
[str]
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property
estimation
(self)¶ check if the control_data.pestmode is set to estimation
- Returns
True if control_data.pestmode is estmation, False otherwise
- Return type
bool
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property
tied
(self)¶ list of tied parameter names
- Returns
a dataframe of tied parameter information. Columns of tied are parnme and partied. Returns None if no tied parameters are found.
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
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static
_read_df
(f, nrows, names, converters, defaults=None)¶ a private method to read part of an open file into a pandas.DataFrame.
- Parameters
f (file) – open file handle
nrows (int) – number of rows to read
names ([str]) – names to set the columns of the dataframe with
converters (dict) – dictionary of lambda functions to convert strings to numerical format
defaults (dict) – dictionary of default values to assign columns. Default is None
- Returns
dataframe of control file section info
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
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_read_line_comments
(self, f, forgive)¶
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_read_section_comments
(self, f, forgive)¶
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static
_parse_external_line
(line, pst_path='.')¶
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static
_parse_path_agnostic
(filename)¶
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static
_cast_df_from_lines
(section, lines, fieldnames, converters, defaults, alias_map={}, pst_path='.')¶
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_cast_prior_df_from_lines
(self, section, lines, pst_path='.')¶
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_load_version2
(self, filename)¶ load a version 2 control file
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load
(self, filename)¶ entry point load the pest control file.
- Parameters
filename (str) – pst filename
Note
This method is called from the Pst construtor unless the load arg is False.
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_parse_pestpp_line
(self, line)¶
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_update_control_section
(self)¶ private method to synchronize the control section counters with the various parts of the control file. This is usually called during the Pst.write() method.
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rectify_pgroups
(self)¶ synchronize parameter groups section with the parameter data section
Note
This method is called during Pst.write() to make sure all parameter groups named in * parameter data are included. This is so users don’t have to manually keep this section up. This method can also be called during control file modifications to see what parameter groups are present and prepare for modifying the default values in the * parameter group section
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.parameter_data.loc["par1","pargp"] = "new_group" pst.rectify_groups() pst.parameter_groups.loc["new_group","derinc"] = 1.0
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_parse_pi_par_names
(self)¶ private method to get the parameter names from prior information equations. Sets a ‘names’ column in Pst.prior_information that is a list of parameter names
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add_pi_equation
(self, par_names, pilbl=None, rhs=0.0, weight=1.0, obs_group='pi_obgnme', coef_dict={})¶ a helper to construct a new prior information equation.
- Parameters
par_names ([str]) – parameter names in the equation
pilbl (str) – name to assign the prior information equation. If None, a generic equation name is formed. Default is None
rhs (float) – the right-hand side of the pi equation
weight (float) – the weight of the equation
obs_group (str) – the observation group for the equation. Default is ‘pi_obgnme’
coef_dict (dict) – a dictionary of parameter name, coefficient pairs to assign leading coefficients for one or more parameters in the equation. If a parameter is not listed, 1.0 is used for its coefficients. Default is {}
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rectify_pi
(self)¶ rectify the prior information equation with the current state of the parameter_data dataframe.
Note
Equations that list fixed, tied or missing parameters are removed completely even if adjustable parameters are also listed in the equation. This method is called during Pst.write()
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_write_df
(self, name, f, df, formatters, columns)¶
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sanity_checks
(self)¶ some basic check for strangeness
Note
checks for duplicate names, atleast 1 adjustable parameter and at least 1 non-zero-weighted observation
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_write_version2
(self, new_filename, use_pst_path=True, pst_rel_path='.')¶
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write
(self, new_filename, version=1)¶ main entry point to write a pest control file.
- Parameters
new_filename (str) – name of the new pest control file
version (int) – flag for which version of control file to write (must be 1 or 2). if None, uses Pst._version, which set in the constructor and modified during the load
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.parrep("my.par") pst.write(my_new.pst")
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_write_version1
(self, new_filename)¶ write a version 1 pest control file
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bounds_report
(self, iterations=None)¶ report how many parameters are at bounds. If ensemble, the base enbsemble member is evaluated
- Parameters
iterations ([int]) – a list of iterations for which a bounds report is requested If None, all iterations for which par files are located are reported. Default is None
- Returns
- a pandas DataFrame object with rows being parameter groups and columns
<iter>_num_at_ub, <iter>_num_at_lb, and <iter>_total_at_bounds row 0 is total at bounds, subsequent rows correspond with groups
- Return type
df
Example
pst = pyemu.Pst(“my.pst”) df = pst.bound_report(iterations=[0,2,3])
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get
(self, par_names=None, obs_names=None)¶ get a new pst object with subset of parameters and/or observations
- Parameters
par_names ([str]) – a list of parameter names to have in the new Pst instance. If None, all parameters are in the new Pst instance. Default is None
obs_names ([str]) – a list of observation names to have in the new Pst instance. If None, all observations are in teh new Pst instance. Default is None
- Returns
a new Pst instance
- Return type
Pst
Note
passing par_names as None and obs_names as None effectively generates a copy of the current Pst
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parrep
(self, parfile=None, enforce_bounds=True)¶ - replicates the pest parrep util. replaces the parval1 field in the
parameter data section dataframe with values in a PEST parameter file
- Parameters
parfile (str, optional) – parameter file to use. If None, try to find and use a parameter file that corresponds to the case name. Default is None
enforce_bounds (bool, optional) – flag to enforce parameter bounds after parameter values are updated. This is useful because PEST and PEST++ round the parameter values in the par file, which may cause slight bound violations. Default is True
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adjust_weights_discrepancy
(self, resfile=None, original_ceiling=True, bygroups=False)¶ adjusts the weights of each non-zero weight observation based on the residual in the pest residual file so each observations contribution to phi is 1.0 (e.g. Mozorov’s discrepancy principal)
- Parameters
resfile (str) – residual file name. If None, try to use a residual file with the Pst case name. Default is None
original_ceiling (bool) – flag to keep weights from increasing - this is generally a good idea. Default is True
bygroups (bool) – flag to adjust weights by groups. If False, the weight of each non-zero weighted observation is adjusted individually. If True, intergroup weighting is preserved (the contribution to each group is used) but this may result in some strangeness if some observations in a group have a really low phi already.
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") print(pst.phi) #assumes "my.res" is colocated with "my.pst" pst.adjust_weights_discrepancy() print(pst.phi) # phi should equal number of non-zero observations
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_adjust_weights_by_phi_components
(self, components, original_ceiling)¶ private method that resets the weights of observations by group to account for residual phi components.
- Parameters
components (dict) – a dictionary of obs group:phi contribution pairs
original_ceiling (bool) – flag to keep weights from increasing.
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__reset_weights
(self, target_phis, res_idxs, obs_idxs)¶ private method to reset weights based on target phi values for each group. This method should not be called directly
- Parameters
target_phis (dict) – target phi contribution for groups to reweight
res_idxs (dict) – the index positions of each group of interest in the res dataframe
obs_idxs (dict) – the index positions of each group of interest in the observation data dataframe
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_adjust_weights_by_list
(self, obslist, weight)¶ a private method to reset the weight for a list of observation names. Supports the data worth analyses in pyemu.Schur class. This method only adjusts observation weights in the current weight is nonzero. User beware!
- Parameters
obslist ([str]) – list of observation names
weight (float) – new weight to assign
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adjust_weights
(self, obs_dict=None, obsgrp_dict=None)¶ reset the weights of observations or observation groups to contribute a specified amount to the composite objective function
- Parameters
obs_dict (dict, optional) – dictionary of observation name,new contribution pairs
obsgrp_dict (dict, optional) – dictionary of obs group name,contribution pairs
Note
if all observations in a named obs group have zero weight, they will all be assigned a non-zero weight so that the request phi contribution can be met. Similarly, any observations listed in obs_dict with zero weight will also be reset. User beware!
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") # adjust a single observation pst.adjust_weights(obs_dict={"obs1":10}) # adjust a single observation group pst.adjust_weights(obsgrp_dict={"group1":100.0}) # make all non-zero weighted groups have a contribution of 100.0 balanced_groups = {grp:100 for grp in pst.nnz_obs_groups} pst.adjust_weights(obsgrp_dict=balanced_groups)
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proportional_weights
(self, fraction_stdev=1.0, wmax=100.0, leave_zero=True)¶ setup weights inversely proportional to the observation value
- Parameters
fraction_stdev (float, optional) – the fraction portion of the observation val to treat as the standard deviation. set to 1.0 for inversely proportional. Default is 1.0
wmax (float, optional) – maximum weight to allow. Default is 100.0
leave_zero (bool, optional) – flag to leave existing zero weights. Default is True
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calculate_pertubations
(self)¶ experimental method to calculate finite difference parameter pertubations.
Note
The pertubation values are added to the Pst.parameter_data attribute - user beware!
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build_increments
(self)¶ experimental method to calculate parameter increments for use in the finite difference pertubation calculations
Note
user beware!
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add_transform_columns
(self)¶ add transformed values to the Pst.parameter_data attribute
Note
adds parval1_trans, parlbnd_trans and parubnd_trans to Pst.parameter_data
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enforce_bounds
(self)¶ enforce bounds violation
Note
cheap enforcement of simply bringing violators back in bounds
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classmethod
from_io_files
(cls, tpl_files, in_files, ins_files, out_files, pst_filename=None, pst_path=None)¶ create a Pst instance from model interface files.
- Parameters
tpl_files ([str]) – list of template file names
in_files ([str]) – list of model input file names (pairs with template files)
ins_files ([str]) – list of instruction file names
out_files ([str]) – list of model output file names (pairs with instruction files)
pst_filename (str) – name of control file to write. If None, no file is written. Default is None
pst_path ('str') – the path from the control file to the IO files. For example, if the control will be in the same directory as the IO files, then pst_path should be ‘.’. Default is None, which doesnt do any path manipulation on the I/O file names
- Returns
new control file instance with parameter and observation names found in tpl_files and ins_files, repsectively.
- Return type
Pst
Note
calls pyemu.helpers.pst_from_io_files()
Assigns generic values for parameter info. Tries to use INSCHEK to set somewhat meaningful observation values
all file paths are relatively to where python is running.
Example:
tpl_files = ["my.tpl"] in_files = ["my.in"] ins_files = ["my.ins"] out_files = ["my.out"] pst = pyemu.Pst.from_io_files(tpl_files,in_files,ins_files,out_files) pst.control_data.noptmax = 0 pst.write("my.pst)
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add_parameters
(self, template_file, in_file=None, pst_path=None)¶ add new parameters to an existing control file
- Parameters
template_file (str) – template file with (possibly) some new parameters
in_file (str) – model input file. If None, template_file.replace(‘.tpl’,’’) is used. Default is None.
pst_path (str) – the path to append to the template_file and in_file in the control file. If not None, then any existing path in front of the template or in file is split off and pst_path is prepended. If python is being run in a directory other than where the control file will reside, it is useful to pass pst_path as .. Default is None
- Returns
the data for the new parameters that were added. If no new parameters are in the new template file, returns None
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Note
populates the new parameter information with default values
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst(os.path.join("template","my.pst")) pst.add_parameters(os.path.join("template","new_pars.dat.tpl",pst_path=".") pst.write(os.path.join("template","my_new.pst")
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add_observations
(self, ins_file, out_file=None, pst_path=None, inschek=True)¶ add new observations to a control file
- Parameters
ins_file (str) – instruction file with exclusively new observation names
out_file (str) – model output file. If None, then ins_file.replace(“.ins”,””) is used. Default is None
pst_path (str) – the path to append to the instruction file and out file in the control file. If not None, then any existing path in front of the template or in file is split off and pst_path is prepended. If python is being run in a directory other than where the control file will reside, it is useful to pass pst_path as .. Default is None
inschek (bool) – flag to try to process the existing output file using the pyemu.InstructionFile class. If successful, processed outputs are used as obsvals
- Returns
the data for the new observations that were added
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Note
populates the new observation information with default values
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst(os.path.join("template", "my.pst")) pst.add_observations(os.path.join("template","new_obs.dat.ins"), pst_path=".") pst.write(os.path.join("template", "my_new.pst")
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write_input_files
(self, pst_path='.')¶ writes model input files using template files and current parval1 values.
- Parameters
pst_path (str) – the path to where control file and template files reside. Default is ‘.’
Note
adds “parval1_trans” column to Pst.parameter_data that includes the effect of scale and offset
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") # load final parameter values pst.parrep("my.par") # write new model input files with final parameter values pst.write_input_files()
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process_output_files
(self, pst_path='.')¶ processing the model output files using the instruction files and existing model output files.
- Parameters
pst_path (str) – relative path from where python is running to where the control file, instruction files and model output files are located. Default is “.” (current python directory)
- Returns
model output values
- Return type
pandas.Series
Note
requires a complete set of model input files at relative path from where python is running to pst_path
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get_res_stats
(self, nonzero=True)¶ get some common residual stats by observation group.
- Parameters
nonzero (bool) – calculate stats using only nonzero-weighted observations. This may seem obsvious to most users, but you never know….
- Returns
a dataframe with columns for groups names and indices of statistic name.
- Return type
pd.DataFrame
Note
Stats are derived from the current obsvals, weights and grouping in Pst.observation_data and the modelled values in Pst.res. The key here is ‘current’ because if obsval, weights and/or groupings have changed in Pst.observation_data since the residuals file was generated then the current values for obsval, weight and group are used
the normalized RMSE is normalized against the obsval range (max - min)
-
static
_stats_rss
(df)¶
-
static
_stats_mean
(df)¶
-
static
_stats_mae
(df)¶
-
static
_stats_rmse
(df)¶
-
static
_stats_nrmse
(df)¶
-
plot
(self, kind=None, **kwargs)¶ method to plot various parts of the control. This is sweet as!
- Parameters
kind (str) – options are ‘prior’ (prior parameter histograms, ‘1to1’ (line of equality and sim vs res), ‘obs_v_sim’ (time series using datetime suffix), ‘phi_pie’ (pie chart of phi components)
kwargs (dict) – optional args for plots that are passed to pyemu plot helpers and ultimately to matplotlib
Note
Depending on ‘kind’ argument, a multipage pdf is written
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.plot(kind="1to1") # requires Pst.res pst.plot(kind="prior") pst.plot(kind="phi_pie")
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write_par_summary_table
(self, filename=None, group_names=None, sigma_range=4.0)¶ write a stand alone parameter summary latex table
- Parameters
filename (str) – latex filename. If None, use <case>.par.tex. If filename is “none”, no table is writtenDefault is None
group_names (dict) – par group names : table names. For example {“w0”:”well stress period 1”}. Default is None
sigma_range (float) – number of standard deviations represented by parameter bounds. Default is 4.0, implying 95% confidence bounds
- Returns
the summary parameter group dataframe
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.write_par_summary_table(filename="par.tex")
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write_obs_summary_table
(self, filename=None, group_names=None)¶ write a stand alone observation summary latex table
- Parameters
filename (str) – latex filename. If filename is “none”, no table is written. If None, use <case>.par.tex. Default is None
group_names (dict) – obs group names : table names. For example {“hds”:”simulated groundwater level”}. Default is None
- Returns
the summary observation group dataframe
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Example:
pst = pyemu.Pst("my.pst") pst.write_obs_summary_table(filename="obs.tex")
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static
_is_less_const
(name)¶
-
property
less_than_obs_constraints
(self)¶ get the names of the observations that are listed as active less than inequality constraints.
- Returns
names of obseravtions that are non-zero weighted less than constraints (obgnme starts with ‘l_’ or “less”)
- Return type
pandas.Series
Note
Zero-weighted obs are skipped
-
property
less_than_pi_constraints
(self)¶ get the names of the prior information eqs that are listed as active less than inequality constraints.
- Returns
names of prior information that are non-zero weighted less than constraints (obgnme starts with “l_” or “less”)
- Return type
pandas.Series
Note
Zero-weighted pi are skipped
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static
_is_greater_const
(name)¶
-
property
greater_than_obs_constraints
(self)¶ get the names of the observations that are listed as active greater than inequality constraints.
- Returns
names obseravtions that are non-zero weighted greater than constraints (obgnme startsiwth “g_” or “greater”)
- Return type
pandas.Series
Note
Zero-weighted obs are skipped
-
property
greater_than_pi_constraints
(self)¶ get the names of the prior information eqs that are listed as active greater than inequality constraints.
- Returns
pandas.Series names of prior information that are non-zero weighted greater than constraints (obgnme startsiwth “g_” or “greater”)
Note
Zero-weighted pi are skipped
-
get_par_change_limits
(self)¶ calculate the various parameter change limits used in pest.
- Returns
a copy of Pst.parameter_data with columns for relative and factor change limits
- Return type
pandas.DataFrame
Note
does not yet support absolute parameter change limits!
Works in control file values space (not log transformed space). Also adds columns for effective upper and lower which account for par bounds and the value of parchglim
-
get_adj_pars_at_bounds
(self, frac_tol=0.01)¶ get list of adjustable parameter at/near bounds
- Parameters
frac_tol ('float`) – fractional tolerance of distance to bound. For upper bound, the value parubnd * (1-frac_tol) is used, lower bound uses parlbnd * (1.0 + frac_tol)
- Returns
[`str`]: list of parameters at/near lower bound
[`str`]: list of parameters at/near upper bound
- Return type
tuple containing
-
try_parse_name_metadata
(self)¶ try to add meta data columns to parameter and observation data based on item names. Used with the PstFrom process.
- Note: metadata is identified in key-value pairs that are separated by a colon.
each key-value pair is separated from others by underscore


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| Core (PCM *m, int32 coreID, int32 tileID, int32 socketID) |
| |
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virtual void | accept (Visitor &v) override |
| |
|
CoreCounterState | coreCounterState () const |
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void | addHyperThreadInfo (int32 threadID, int32 osID) |
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HyperThread * | hyperThread (size_t threadNo) const |
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HyperThread * | findThreadByOSID (int32 osID) |
| |
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std::vector< HyperThread * > | threads () const |
| |
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std::shared_ptr< SafeMsrHandle > | msrHandle () const |
| |
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int32 | coreID () const |
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int32 | tileID () const |
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int32 | socketID () const |
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bool | isOnline () const |
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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Another Man Shot Dead In Alleged Related-gang Incident In Bonteheuwel
by NG EditorCAPE TOWN – Gang-related shootings in Bonteheuwel have claimed more lives following months of calm in the community.
A man died following a shooting early on Monday morning.
Police spokesperson Noloyiso Rwexana said: “During the incident, a 38-year-old man was shot and fatally wounded. Police are investigating a case of murder with no arrests at this stage.”
In a separate attack, an alleged gang leader was gunned down on Saturday night while a woman was also wounded.


| Type | Visibility | Attributes | Name | Initial | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | length | = | 1.00_wp | Material length (L/ξ) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | thouless | = | 1.00_wp | Thouless energy (ħD/L²) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | scattering | = | 0.01_wp | Inelastic scattering (η/Δ₀) |
|
| logical, | public | :: | transparent_a | = | .false. | Interface transparency (left) |
|
| logical, | public | :: | transparent_b | = | .false. | Interface transparency (right) |
|
| logical, | public | :: | phaselock | = | .false. | Lock the center-of-mass phase? |
|
| logical, | public | :: | nonequilibrium | = | .false. | Equilibrium? |
|
| logical, | public | :: | transverse | = | .false. | Transverse potential gradients? |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | voltage | = | 0.00_wp | Voltage (eV/Δ₀) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | temperature | = | 0.01_wp | Temperature (T/Tc) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | spinvoltage | = | 0.00_wp | Spin-voltage (eVs/Δ₀) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | spintemperature | = | 0.00_wp | Spin-temperature (Ts/Tc) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public, | dimension(1:3) | :: | spinaxis | = | [0, 0, 1] | Spin quantization axis |
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | energy(:) | Energy domain |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | location(:) | Position domain |
||
| type(propagator), | public, | allocatable | :: | propagator(:,:) | Propagator values |
||
| type(propagator), | public, | allocatable | :: | backup(:,:) | Propagator backups |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | density(:,:,:) | Spin-resolved density of states |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | supercurrent(:,:) | Charge, spin, heat, and spin-heat supercurrents |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | lossycurrent(:,:) | Charge, spin, heat, and spin-heat dissipative currents |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | accumulation(:,:) | Charge, spin, heat, and spin-heat accumulation |
||
| real(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | magnetization(:,:) | Magnetization due to exchange and Zeeman effects |
||
| complex(kind=wp), | public, | allocatable | :: | correlation(:) | Superconducting pair-correlations |
||
| integer, | public | :: | order | = | 1 | Simulation priority of this material |
|
| class(material), | public, | pointer | :: | material_a | => | null() | Material to the left (default: vacuum) |
| class(material), | public, | pointer | :: | material_b | => | null() | Material to the right (default: vacuum) |
| integer, | public | :: | iteration | = | 0 | Used to keep track of selfconsistent iteration cycles |
|
| logical, | public | :: | selfconsistent | = | .true. | Whether to selfconsistently calculate the superconducting gap |
|
| logical, | public | :: | boost | = | .true. | Whether to use convergence acceleration methods |
|
| integer, | public | :: | scaling | = | 128 | Maximal mesh increase (range: 2^N, N>1) |
|
| integer, | public | :: | method | = | 4 | Runge—Kutta order (range: 2, 4, 6) |
|
| integer, | public | :: | control | = | 2 | Error control (1: defect, 2: global error, 3: 1 then 2, 4: 1 and 2) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | tolerance | = | 1e-10_wp | Error tolerance (maximum defect or global error) |
|
| integer, | public | :: | information | = | 0 | Debug information (range: [-1,2]) |
|
| real(kind=wp), | public | :: | difference | = | 1e+10_wp | Difference between iterations |
|
| character(len=128), | public | :: | type_string | = | 'MATERIAL' | Name of this material |
Construct object
This interface is used for the deferred procedures construct, update_prehook, and update_posthook.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |
Initialize object
This interface is used for the deferred procedure initialize.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |
Executed before update
This interface is used for the deferred procedures construct, update_prehook, and update_posthook.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |
Executed after update
This interface is used for the deferred procedures construct, update_prehook, and update_posthook.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |
Calculate propagators
This subroutine updates the state of the material by solving the diffusion equations for the equilibrium propagators, the kinetic equations for the nonequilibrium propagators, and then calculating physical observables.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this | Material that will be updated |
||
| logical, | intent(in), | optional | :: | bootstrap | Disable calculation of observables |
Calculate propagators (in equilibrium)
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout), | target | :: | this |
Calculate propagators (nonequilibrium)
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout), | target | :: | this |
Diffusion equation
This interface is used for the deferred procedure diffusion_equation.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(inout) | :: | p | |||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(in) | :: | e | |||
| real(kind=wp), | intent(in) | :: | z |
Boundary condition (left)
This interface is used for the deferred procedure diffusion_equation_a.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | p | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | a | |||
| type(spin), | intent(inout) | :: | r | |||
| type(spin), | intent(inout) | :: | rt |
Boundary condition (right)
This interface is used for the deferred procedure diffusion_equation_b.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | p | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | b | |||
| type(spin), | intent(inout) | :: | r | |||
| type(spin), | intent(inout) | :: | rt |
Kinetic equation
This interface is used for the deferred procedure kinetic_equation.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | Gp | |||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(inout), | dimension(0:7,0:7) | :: | R | ||
| real(kind=wp), | intent(in) | :: | z |
Boundary condition (left)
This interface is used for the deferred procedure kinetic_equation_a.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | Gp | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | Ga | |||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(out), | dimension(0:7,0:7) | :: | Cp | ||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(out), | dimension(0:7,0:7) | :: | Ca |
Boundary condition (right)
This interface is used for the deferred procedure kinetic_equation_b.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(in) | :: | this | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | Gp | |||
| type(propagator), | intent(in) | :: | Gb | |||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(out), | dimension(0:7,0:7) | :: | Cp | ||
| complex(kind=wp), | intent(out), | dimension(0:7,0:7) | :: | Cb |
Configures material parameters
Configure a material property based on a key-value pair.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this | |||
| character(len=*), | intent(in) | :: | key | |||
| character(len=*), | intent(in) | :: | val |
Saves the state of the material
Save a backup of the current material state.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |
Loads the state of the material
Load a backup of a previous material state.
| Type | Intent | Optional | Attributes | Name | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class(material), | intent(inout) | :: | this |


namespace Doctrine\Common\Cache\
Interfaces
-
Cache
Interface for cache drivers.
-
FlushableCache
Interface for cache that can be flushed.
-
ClearableCache
Interface for cache that can be flushed.
Intended to be used for partial clearing of a cache namespace. For a more
global "flushing", seeDoctrine\Common\Cache\FlushableCache . -
MultiOperationCache
Interface for cache drivers that supports multiple items manipulation.
-
MultiGetCache
Interface for cache drivers that allows to get many items at once.
-
MultiDeleteCache
Interface for cache drivers that allows to put many items at once.
-
MultiPutCache
Interface for cache drivers that allows to put many items at once.
Classes
-
ArrayCache
Array cache driver.
-
CacheProvider
Base class for cache provider implementations.


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The Hippo Vertical Spindle family of pumps is designed for the ultimate in slurry handling while the vertical Spindle Cantilever design eliminates submerged bearings. The Top suction Type VT design eliminate air binding, with allows the pump to run dry and quickly reprime when required. The Twin volute casing design balance the radial loads created by the Impeller and Casing in the most efficient way, assuring trouble free installation with a longer bearing life.
The Hippo type VB Pump’s Construction is Ideal for pumping quick settling abrasive or corrosive slurries with an external agitator preventing the settling of solids at the intake. The Hippo Pump is capable of pumping slurries which have settled out and need to be removed.
The Hippo type VT Pump’s Construction prevents air binding when pumping liquids with entrapped air (froth) and permits continuous operation with wide range of inflow rates
The Hippo type VV pump is fully capable of pumping abrasive slurries containing large solids with minimal particle disintegration.
The Hippo type VBD is an economical design to the type VB – Ideal for pumping quick settling abrasive or corrosive slurries with an external agitator


Find licensed professionals and support near you. Research shows individuals that demonstrate significant recovery after spending time with social support systems.
Prevention Peer Protocols provide decision making strategies to assist individuals in emergency and non-emergency cases.
Effective communication channels transform the way the world communicates about mental health. Equip yourself with the tools to be the daily support those around you need.
Greiner is the CEO and founder of the non-profit organization The Mental Health Communication Project Co., a company that is changing the way we communicate about mental health. With the companies first website, Greiner led TalkAboutDepression to become a finalist for the 2018 Stu Lieblein ‘90 Pitch Contest. For any inquires on how your organization can provide support contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>A nationally renowned expert in the treatment of PTSD for our veterans who has served for more than 3 decades as a clinical psychologist and served as a U.S Army Officer, retiring as a full Colonel after 4 wartime deployments. Dr. Platoni has developed combat stress control, debriefing, and crisis management programs used throughout the U.S. Army.


Regions¶
Reigons are descriptors for the region you are travelling in and will modify the rewards given by your contract.
Region Modifiers¶
There are 6 RoadTypes, grass_lands, mount_vroom, mobave_desert, nord_dakotia, lobslantis, tropical_cop_land. Region enumerations can be accessed by Region.region. For example, Region.grass_lands
Reward Modifiers
The reward modifiers for each Region type are listed below. Regions will modify both the money and renown given by the contract.
Region |
Money Reward Modifier |
Renown Reward Modifier |
|---|---|---|
grass_lands |
1.5x |
0.5x |
nord_dakotia |
1.2x |
0.8x |
mobave desert |
1.0x |
1.0x |
mount_vroom |
1.0x |
1.0x |
lobslantis |
0.8x |
1.2x |
tropical_cop_land |
0.5x |
1.5x |


Ranveer Singh's comments steal the limelight from wife Deepika Padukone's red hot look!
by TIMESOFINDIA.COMDeepika Padukone is one of the most talented actresses of Bollywood. The beauty has won everyone's heart with her stellar performances in various films and established herself as an A-list actress in Bollywood. Apart from her acting talent, she is also known for her classic fashion statements!
And now, she took to her Instagram account to share her look for an event. The actress opted for a red gown teamed with matching heels for the night. She captioned the post, "RED- is the color that makes people hungry. Red also instantly attracts attention,makes people excited,energetic and increases heart rate!
All of the things I’m going for today!❤"
Check out the post here:
Husband Ranveer Singh was quick to comment on her posts. On the first picture, he wrote, "Yes ! All of the above are happening to me right now."
On the second, the actor commented, "My spirit colour."
The comment on the third post read, "The colour of Passion hayye".
Meanwhile, after 'Padmaavat', the couple will be sharing screen space once again in Kabir Khan's sports drama '83'. The actress will be essaying the role of Kapil Dev's wife Romi Dev in the film while Ranveer Singh will be seen as Kapil Dev.


Status Images
What This Guide Covers
This guide covers build status images feature of Travis CI. Status images are part of the HTTP API that render build status information (passing or failing) as a PNG image. Developers are encouraged to add them to project sites, README files and so on both to link to continuous integration page for the project and to demonstrate their commitment to good software development practices.
We recommend you start with the Getting Started and Build Configuration guides before reading this one.
Status Image URLs
After adding your project to Travis, you can use the status buttons to show the current status of your projects in your README
file on Github or your project website.
https://secure.travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME].png
HTTPS is used so that GitHub does not cache the image.
Adding Status Images to README Files
So, when using Textile, showing your status button (including a link to your Travis project page) is as simple as adding this to your README
:
"!https://secure.travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME].png!":http://travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME]
Or if you’re using markdown:
[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME].png)](http://travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME])
Or RDoc:
{<img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME].png" />}[http://travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME]]
Travis CI’s own status button looks like this:
Build Status For Specific Branches
You can limit the impact of this button to certain branches only. For example, you might not want to include feature branches, which might fail but don’t mean the project itself fails.
Specify a ?branch=
parameter in the URI. Split branches with a comma if you want to specify several.
https://secure.travis-ci.org/[YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME]/[YOUR_PROJECT_NAME].png?branch=master,staging,production


As we have seen text files contain only printable character bytes plus a few special control characters (line feed, tab etc). Binary files on the other hand may contain any of the 256-byte values. This might be used to store binary numbers (as was discussed above), true/false flags, native processor instructions or anything that can be stored as a pattern of one or more bits.
A common use of binary files is to store the executable image of a program in a .EXE, or .DLL file under MSWindows. Even a word processor may store its documents in binary files, since the document is more than just the text, it also includes formatting information etc.
Also it is usually necessary that bytes in binary files (unlike in text files) are not inserted or deleted. For example, a certain structure may always have a certain length or a number in a file may be a relative offset to another place in the file. This is why HexEdit Pro defaults to overtype mode (OVR) rather than insert mode (INS).
This is certainly the case with executable files. The machine code instructions contained therein are full of relative jumps, which rely on the address jumped to always being the same offset in the file. Executable files also often have data structures that cannot change in size. For example, you may be able to change the characters in a string in a program, but you cannot insert bytes in order to increase the length of the string, although you may be able to shorten a string by adding nul bytes at the end.
Why Do Programmers Use Binary Files?
There are not a lot of good reasons for using binary files. Ironically, this author thinks binary files are grossly overused when alternatives such as XML offer better flexibility, extensibility and portability of data. However, there are a few good reasons to use them, mainly convenience and efficiency.
Probably the most common reason to use a binary file is that it is simple just to output a record or structure from memory directly to a file for later retrieval. But in this case you want to make absolutely sure that the file will only ever be read using the same operating system with software created with the same compiler. Even the same version of compiler may be needed -- for example, the order of bitfields changed between Microsoft C version 2.X and 3.0 (prior to 3.0 MSC was a re-badged Lattice C). You also need to be careful to compile with the same options, since things like structure packing can affect whether you get back the data you expect.
A better reason, to use binary files, when writing out a large number of values, is that the time required to convert numbers to and from text may become very large. This is important for large databases.
Space efficiency may also be a consideration since storing a large number of randomly distributed numbers as text would use a lot more room (although this could probably be regained by using some sort of compression algorithm). On the other hand writing data as text instead of binary may actually save space (even without compression) -- for example, 64-bit numbers most of which are very small, can be more efficiently stored as text.
Finally, storing floating-point numbers as (decimal) text can lead to rounding errors. If you require repeatable results to many decimal places then you need to store floating point numbers as binary (or else as text floating point numbers using hex instead of decimal).
Conclusion
I trust the above introduction to binary files will be useful in helping you to get the most out of HexEdit Pro. You should now understand what a binary file is, why they exist, and have an inkling of why you may want to use HexEdit Pro to look at and modify them.


| Finite
Geometry Notes |
MacTutor biography of NeumannSome related notes on algebra suggested by finite geometry:
Variety (Universal Algebra) at Wikipedia
Preface to Varieties of Groups (1967), by Hanna Neumann
Biography (1974 obituary) of Hanna Neumann
Peter M. Neumann home page
Dynamic and algebraic compatibility of groups (1985 Dec. 11)
Groups related by a nontrivial identity (1985 Nov. 17)
Transformations over a bridge (1983 Aug. 16)
Group identity algebras (1983 Aug. 4)


Playing Around With Guilloche Patterns
Ok, how about using our arbitrary path function to form an envelope?
Not bad!
The outer envelope function is defined like so:
/* calculate outer envelope shape... */ outerx = polygonx(t, period, starx, stary, tlen, npoints, total_len); outery = polygony(t, period, starx, stary, tlen, npoints, total_len);with starx[] and stary[] being filled out with the vertices of a 7 pointed star.
We do have to be careful that the period matches what is used for the inner envelope function and the drawing function.
See: guilloche14.pde


I NEED YOUR QUICK RESPONSE Calvary Greetings I am a preacher with the Seed Harvest Ministry,and I will like to get advice from you.I believe the advice I need is secular to some extent, but do have the patience to understand my intention. A few year's ago I was in Baghdad,Iraq where I had established a little congregation where I preached regularly,but the war escaleted and the church was converted to a hospital of soughts. Before then, On one faithfull day three American Soldiers came to me and left a trunk box of Money with me and swore to come back for it. When the war in Iraq intensified I was escorted to My country Benin Republic West africa, by the U.S soliers who felt the content of the trunk box was church documents and never cared to check the trunk box,, when I was getting fraustrated I returned to Iraq only to find out that two of the three Soldiers died in Battle while the last was decleared MIA (Missing in Action). Now I have the fund which belongs to the soldiers and which is Eight million us dollars ($8,000.000.00),but i have deposited it with a security company here in my country Benin Rep, and I was contacted in a letter dated 10th of May.2006 by the company asking me to indicate if I was in reciept of the letter as a sign that I am still living and still subscribed for their service. I am interested in using a small fraction of this money,much less than ten percent for a re-organisation of the work, but I do not need the rest and do not want to have any direct dealing with it, I need someone who will be able to use the fund better maybe for charity or something universally profitable, I have thought of doing it my self but, my ministry is the apocalypse and I believe and preach the soon comming which make me not indulgent in reliance on money or wealth in any form. I also do not have the money that has accrued on the service and safe deposit of the company that holds the trunk box, I will be glad if you have any interest in the direction of maybe managing or transmitting the fund as you prefer in your capacity like using it to help the motherless and people in the 3rd world countries. I will like you to give me your phone number for easy and good communication. I will be glad to get a response from you through my direct email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Regards. Pastor Jones Bell ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Акция от компании "Адамант"! Подключение по выделенной линии вдвое дешевле! Бесплатный доступ к украинским ресурсам на максимальной скорости! тел. 563-0-563, 566-77-22 http://www.adamant.ua/


Proposal
Team Members
Paige Johnson, Huimin Lu, Alex Okeson, Willie Payne, Tyler Tafoya
Ideation
These ideation questions are the same as before. Your answers should represent
the integration of creative ideas from every team member.
- What is the name of your app?
Jukebox
- What collaborative activity can people do together using your app?
Guests at a party or group hangout decide by popular vote what music to listen to. Songs displayed on a Reddit style list where people can add songs and upvote or downvote songs. Highly ranked songs will eventually be played and low ranked songs will eventually be removed by the admin. There is also a discussion forum where people may or post general thoughts about what is being played. An admin is responsible for actually playing the music, selecting the song to play in case of a tie or no votes, and posting on the web app the current song being played and the song that is next up. (In future iterations, some of these things may be automated.)
- What is the ideal number of concurrent users (must be at least 10 but no more than 40)?
10 to 40 or however many friends at the party.
- What skills do people need in order to do this activity?
People do not need any skills, only an enjoyment of music.
- Is this activity for fun or for something practical?
This activity is primarily for fun to expand people’s roles at a party.
- How can a person see what everyone else is doing?
People can see the all of the songs that have been suggested and their vote counts updated and rearranged in real time, all recent comments uploaded to the discussion thread, and information such as title and artist for the current song being played.
- How can a person see the most recent result of everyone’s collaborative effort?
The most recent result of everyone’s collaboration is the current song being played and displayed on all devices. The discussion forum could be archived for people to find the song suggestions and thoughts of their peers.
- What can an admin see (i.e., God’s mode)?
The admin has controls to display the current song, remove songs that have been played or have too many negative votes, view all users logged in. The admin may uniquely have access to a Spotify playlist being streamed that will be embedded in the web app.
Contributions
For each person on the team, jot down a list of ideas credited to that person.
It’s okay to credit multiple people for the same idea. The rationale of this
section of the proposal is to demonstrate that everyone on the team contributes
useful ideas.
- Paige Johnson
- Collaboritive Playlists
- Reddit Style Voting
- Huimin Lu
- Discussion Forum
- Archive of Discussion Forum
- Alex Okeson
- Collaboritive Playlists
- Reddit Style Voting
- Willie Payne
- Discussion Forum
- Current Song and Next Up Displayed on Every Page
- SideNav
- Tyler Tafoya
- Collaboritive Playlists
- List of Queued Songs
- Reddit Style Voting
Plan
A reasonable way to implement a functional prototype of your together app
is to build upon the service-matching app (i.e. uber). Discuss what additional
efforts may be required from your team to develop the together app.
- What existing components of the uber app your team can reuse?
Login, user list for the admin to view, separate views for admin/user, form for submission.
- What new components and features your team may need to build?
Voting System, self-organizing queue, discussion chat, controls for the admin.
- What new skills your team will still need to acquire?
We will need to determine whether there is a way to embed an audio player in the app, and be careful to limit the admin login to only one person, and make sure to prevent people from voting more than once per song.
What’s Next?
This is a preliminary proposal. Next week, your team will receive feedback and
will work on building a mockup of this app. The week after that, your team
will start implementing the app.


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# Optionator <a name=”optionator” />
Optionator is an option parsing and help generation library.
## Why? The problem with other option parsers, such as yargs or minimist, is they just accept all input, valid or not. With Optionator, if you mistype an option, it will give you an error (with a suggestion for what you meant). If you give the wrong type of argument for an option, it will give you an error rather than supplying the wrong input to your application.
$ cmd –halp Invalid option ‘–halp’ - perhaps you meant ‘–help’?
$ cmd –count str Invalid value for option ‘count’ - expected type Int, received value: str.
Over helpful features include reformatting the help text based on the size of the console, so that it fits even if the console is narrow, and accepting not just an array (eg. process.argv), but a string or object as well, making things like testing much easier.
## About Optionator uses [type-check](https://github.com/gkz/type-check) and [levn](https://github.com/gkz/levn) behind the scenes to cast and verify input according the specified types.
Optionator is used by [Grasp](http://graspjs.com), [eslint](http://eslint.org), [LiveScript](http://livescript.net), [esmangle](https://github.com/estools/esmangle), [escodegen](https://github.com/estools/escodegen), and more.
MIT license. Version 0.5.0
npm install optionator
For updates on Optionator, [follow me on twitter](https://twitter.com/gkzahariev).
## Usage require(‘optionator’); returns a function. It has one property, VERSION, the current version of the library as a string. This function is called with an object specifying your options and other information, see the [settings format section](#settings-format). This in turn returns an object with three properties, parse, generateHelp, and generateHelpForOption, which are all functions.
```js var optionator = require(‘optionator’)({
prepend: ‘Usage: cmd [options]’, append: ‘Version 1.0.0’, options: [{
option: ‘help’, alias: ‘h’, type: ‘Boolean’, description: ‘displays help’
- }, {
- option: ‘count’, alias: ‘c’, type: ‘Int’, description: ‘number of things’, example: ‘cmd –count 2’
}]
});¶
### parse(input, parseOptions) parse processes the input according to your settings, and returns an object with the results.
##### arguments * input - [String] | Object | String - the input you wish to parse * parseOptions - {slice: Int} - all options optional
- slice specifies how much to slice away from the beginning if the input is an array or string - by default 0 for string, 2 for array (works with process.argv)
##### returns Object - the parsed options, each key is a camelCase version of the option name (specified in dash-case), and each value is the processed value for that option. Positional values are in an array under the _ key.
##### example
`js
parse(['node', 't.js', '--count', '2', 'positional']); // {count: 2, _: ['positional']}
parse('--count 2 positional'); // {count: 2, _: ['positional']}
parse({count: 2, _:['positional']}); // {count: 2, _: ['positional']}
`
### generateHelp(helpOptions) generateHelp produces help text based on your settings.
##### arguments * helpOptions - {showHidden: Boolean, interpolate: Object} - all options optional
- showHidden specifies whether to show options with hidden: true specified, by default it is false
- interpolate specify data to be interpolated in prepend and append text, {{key}} is the format - eg. generateHelp({interpolate:{version: ‘0.4.2’}}), will change this append text: Version {{version}} to Version 0.4.2
##### returns String - the generated help text
##### example ```js generateHelp(); /* “Usage: cmd [options] positional
-h, --help displays help -c, --count Int number of things
### generateHelpForOption(optionName) generateHelpForOption produces expanded help text for the specified with optionName option. If an example was specified for the option, it will be displayed, and if a longDescription was specified, it will display that instead of the description.
##### arguments * optionName - String - the name of the option to display
##### returns String - the generated help text for the option
##### example
`js
generateHelpForOption('count'); /*
"-c, --count Int
description: number of things
example: cmd --count 2
"*/
`
## Settings Format When your require(‘optionator’), you get a function that takes in a settings object. This object has the type:
- {
prepend: Maybe String, append: Maybe String, options: [{heading: String} | {
option: String, alias: Maybe [String] | String, type: Maybe String, enum: Maybe [String], default: Maybe String, restPositional: Maybe Boolean, requried: Maybe Boolean, overrideRequired: Maybe Bookean, dependsOn: Maybe [String] | String, description: Maybe String, longDescription: Maybe String, example: Maybe [String] | String}], helpStyle: Maybe {
aliasSeparator: Maybe String, typeSeparator: Maybe String, descriptionSeparator: Maybe String, initialIndent: Maybe Int, secondaryIndent: Maybe Int, maxPadFactor: Maybe Number}, mutuallyExclusive: Maybe [[String | [String]]], concatRepeatedArrays: Maybe Boolean, mergeRepeatedObjects: Maybe Boolean
}
### Top Level Properties * prepend is an optional string to be placed before the options in the help text * append is an optional string to be placed after the options in the help text * options is a required array specifying your options and headings, the options and headings will be displayed in the order specified * helpStyle is an optional object which enables you to change the default appearance of some aspects of the help text * mutuallyExclusive is an optional array of arrays of either strings or arrays of strings. The top level array is a list of rules, each rule is a list of elements - each element can be either a string (the name of an option), or a list of strings (a group of option names) - there will be an error if more than one element is present * concatRepeatedArrays is an optional boolean (defaults to false) - when set to true and an option contains an array value and is repeated, the subsequent values for the flag will be appended rather than overwriting the original value - eg. option g of type [String]: -g a -g b -g c,d will result in [‘a’,’b’,’c’,’d’] * mergeRepeatedObjects is an optional boolean (defaults to false) - when set to true and an option contains an object value and is repeated, the subsequent values for the flag will be merged rather than overwriting the original value - eg. option g of type Object: -g a:1 -g b:2 -g c:3,d:4 will result in {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4}
#### Heading Properties * heading a required string, the name of the heading
#### Option Properties * option the required name of the option - use dash-case, without the leading dashes * alias is an optional string or array of strings which specify any aliases for the option * type is a required string in the [type check](https://github.com/gkz/type-check) [format](https://github.com/gkz/type-check#type-format), this will be used to cast the inputted value and validate it * enum is an optional array of strings, each string will be parsed by [levn](https://github.com/gkz/levn) - the argument value must be one of the resulting values - each potential value must validate against the specified type * default is a optional string, which will be parsed by [levn](https://github.com/gkz/levn) and used as the default value if none is set - the value must validate against the specified type * restPositional is an optional boolean - if set to true, everything after the option will be taken to be a positional argument, even if it looks like a named argument * required is an optional boolean - if set to true, the option parsing will fail if the option is not defined * overrideRequired is a optional boolean - if set to true and the option is used, and there is another option which is required but not set, it will override the need for the required option and there will be no error - this is useful if you have required options and want to use –help or –version flags * dependsOn is an optional string or array of strings - if simply a string (the name of another option), it will make sure that that other option is set, if an array of strings, depending on whether ‘and’ or ‘or’ is first, it will either check whether all ([‘and’, ‘option-a’, ‘option-b’]), or at least one ([‘or’, ‘option-a’, ‘option-b’]) other options are set * description is an optional string, which will be displayed next to the option in the help text * longDescription is an optional string, it will be displayed instead of the description when generateHelpForOption is used * example is an optional string or array of strings with example(s) for the option - these will be displayed when generateHelpForOption is used
#### Help Style Properties * aliasSeparator is an optional string, separates multiple names from each other - default: ‘ ,’ * typeSeparator is an optional string, separates the type from the names - default: ‘ ‘ * descriptionSeparator is an optional string , separates the description from the padded name and type - default: ‘ ‘ * initialIndent is an optional int - the amount of indent for options - default: 2 * secondaryIndent is an optional int - the amount of indent if wrapped fully (in addition to the initial indent) - default: 4 * maxPadFactor is an optional number - affects the default level of padding for the names/type, it is multiplied by the average of the length of the names/type - default: 1.5
## Argument Format At the highest level there are two types of arguments: named, and positional.
Name arguments of any length are prefixed with – (eg. –go), and those of one character may be prefixed with either – or - (eg. -g).
There are two types of named arguments: boolean flags (eg. –problemo, -p) which take no value and result in a true if they are present, the falsey undefined if they are not present, or false if present and explicitly prefixed with no (eg. –no-problemo). Named arguments with values (eg. –tseries 800, -t 800) are the other type. If the option has a type Boolean it will automatically be made into a boolean flag. Any other type results in a named argument that takes a value.
For more information about how to properly set types to get the value you want, take a look at the [type check](https://github.com/gkz/type-check) and [levn](https://github.com/gkz/levn) pages.
You can group single character arguments that use a single -, however all except the last must be boolean flags (which take no value). The last may be a boolean flag, or an argument which takes a value - eg. -ba 2 is equivalent to -b -a 2.
Positional arguments are all those values which do not fall under the above - they can be anywhere, not just at the end. For example, in cmd -b one -a 2 two where b is a boolean flag, and a has the type Number, there are two positional arguments, one and two.
Everything after an – is positional, even if it looks like a named argument.
You may optionally use = to separate option names from values, for example: –count=2.
If you specify the option NUM, then any argument using a single - followed by a number will be valid and will set the value of NUM. Eg. -2 will be parsed into NUM: 2.
If duplicate named arguments are present, the last one will be taken.
## Technical About optionator is written in [LiveScript](http://livescript.net/) - a language that compiles to JavaScript. It uses [levn](https://github.com/gkz/levn) to cast arguments to their specified type, and uses [type-check](https://github.com/gkz/type-check) to validate values. It also uses the [prelude.ls](http://preludels.com/) library.


There is a problem
Make sure it is appropriate for the external finance reviewers to see this competition before you invite them.
They will be able to view (but not edit):
- information, statistics and milestones while the competition is open
- applications that are submitted or marked as ineligible, including finance details
- an overview of project setup
- competition details and applications once they move to the 'Previous' dashboard section
Key statistics
0
External finance reviewers added
Invite a new external finance reviewer
Manage finance users
External finance reviewers available
| Name | Email address | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Alexis Kinney |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
External finance reviewers added
| Name | Email address | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alexis Kinney |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Invite pending | |
| Alexis Kinney |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Added |


revealed by Eugene Zharkov / @2j2e
Anders Hejlsberg - father of Microsoft's C# language.
Matt Warren - software achitect at Microsoft on the C# programming language product team.
Pete Golde - lead developer of the original Microsoft C# compiler.
Karen Ng - lead program manager on the Visual Studio Professional team.
class C
{
void M()
{
}
// C
}
class C
{
void M()
{
}
// C
}
class C
{
void M()
{
}
// C
}
class C
{
void M()
{
}
// C
}


Version Control
October 26, 2015
What is version control?
Imagine that you have the time, discipline, and inclination to write a detailed personal journal entry every day of your life. Now imagine what it would be like to be able to read through all of those journal entries decades from now; to be able to revisit long-past 'iterations' of yourself and see how you've changed, in detail, over the years.
Version control is (sort of) like that. Only for software. A version control system archives changes to a set of files over time and makes all of the versions of those files accessible.
Benefits of version control
There are a lot of good reasons to use version control. Version control allows you to revert your files or your entire project back to a previous state, should you make a catastrophic mistake when you're working on your project. You can also compare changes you and other contributors have made over time and see who and when something was modified that might be causing a problem. The best part is version control systems allow you to do all of this cheaply and efficiently.


Cultural heritage institutions typically publish linked data that covers more resources than the cultural heritage digital objects that they provide to Europeana. Therefore, it is necessary that data providers make available linked data descriptions of the datasets for aggregation by Europeana.
Several vocabularies are available nowadays to describe datasets. Europeana supports three vocabularies which are suitable to fulfill the requirements for aggregation of linked data: VoID, DCAT, and Schema.org.
Data providers may use classes and properties from any of the three vocabularies to describe each of their datasets. To enable Europeana to aggregate and ingest a dataset, the linked data resource of the dataset should follow the following points:
The sections bellow provide details on how of these points can be provided.
The description of the dataset in RDF must itself be published as linked data.
For ingesting the dataset in Europeana, this URI must be provided to Europeana. It will function as the entry point for the Europeana linked data crawler to reach all RDF descriptions of the the cultural heritage objects that form the dataset.
The dataset description is used during the first ingestion of the dataset in to Europeana, and later, for its incremental updates.
The data provider should maintain the dataset description updated over time, if incremental updates of the dataset are done in the future Europeana.
The Europeana LD Harvester accesses the RDF resource of the dataset by sending an HTTP request to the URI that includes the Accept header with the supported mime -types for RDF serialization. The response may use any of the supported mime-types to send the RDF description of the dataset.
The following are the supported mime-types:
| Format | Mime-type | Specification |
|---|---|---|
| RDF/XML | application/rdf+xml | https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/ |
| Turtle | application/x-turtle or text/turtle | https://www.w3.org/TR/turtle/ |
| Notation3 (N3) | text/n3 | https://www.w3.org/TeamSubmission/n3/ |
| N-Triples | application/n-triples | https://www.w3.org/TR/n-triples/ |
| JSON-LD | application/ld+json | https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld/ |
The RDF resource of the dataset must have a title, and the title may be repeated for other languages. The titles should be provided by one of these properties: dc:title, dcterms:title, schema:name. The language of the title should be represented in a xml:lang attribute of the title property.
A LD dataset for Europeana, is formed, in its core, by RDF resources of the class edm:ProvidedCHO. In addition, a dataset contains all other resources used to describe the cultural object and aggregation metadata, as specified in the EDM (i.e. resources of types such as ore:Aggregation, edm:WebResource, edm:Agent, etc.).
All these resources will be harvested by Europeanaâ€™s LD harvester. The harvester will use the RDF description of the dataset to know which RDF resources to harvest and the mechanism to harvest them.
Data providers may choose one of the mechanisms, typically used for LD:
The mechanism that should be applied to a LD dataset is indicated by the data provider in the properties of the RDF description of the dataset, using any of the supported vocabularies: VoID, DCAT, and Schema.org.
The following subsections provide details on how each of these mechanisms can be specified.
All three vocabularies are capable of representing the required information for allowing Europeana to automatically obtain a dataset by downloading a distribution containing all data within the dataset.
The following table points to the most relevant parts of the vocabularies that specify how a dataset distribution can be represented.
| Vocabulary | Specifications parts |
|---|---|
| VoID | See section â€œ3.3 RDF data dumpsâ€� describing the void:dataDump property. |
| DCAT | See section â€œ5.4 Class: Distributionâ€�, particularly the properties dcat:downloadURL and dcat:mediaType. |
| Schema.org | see the definition of the property schema:distribution of the schema:Dataset class. see also the class schema:DataDownload and its properties schema:contentUrl and schema:encodingFormat |
For the requirements of Europeana, when using dataset distributions, data providers must follow the following points:
Only the VoID](https://www.w3.org/TR/void/) vocabulary includes a property to indicate a RDF resource that lists all the resources within a dataset.
VoID defines the property void:rootResource, that may be used by Europeana data providers to provide this information. See section â€œ3.4 Root resourcesâ€� describing the void:rootResource property, for the general use of the property.
For the requirements of Europeana, when using a listing of URIs, data providers must provide void:rootResource properties that contains the URIâ€™s of the cultural objectsâ€™s.
These URIâ€™s should point to RDF resources in EDM, and they should have one of the types ore:Aggregation or edm:ProvidedCHO.
Europeana R&D is nowadays piloting with LD using Schema.org. In these particular contexts, these URIâ€™s should point to instances of schema:CreativeWork or ones of its subclasses (e.g., schema:Painting, schema:Book, schema:Sculpture, etc.).
VoID and DCAT provide ways to specify the endpoint URL of a SPARQL service that serves the dataset. Schema.org, however, is not able to accurately express all the required technical details.
It is important to note that, it may not be possible to use SPARQL as the distribution mechanism in several cases. If the SPARQL endpoint serves more data than the data provider wishes to deliver to Europeana, none of the three vocabularies allows a data provider to specify a named graph or a triple pattern that would allow Europeana to select the subset to be harvested. Investigation is in progress, for ways to specify, in metadata, a subset within a SPARQL endpoint.
Using VoID, the URL of the SPARQL endpoint is specified using the property void:sparqlEndpoint in the dataset RDF resource.
When using DCAT, there are two valid options to specify the URL of the SPARQL endpoint. The simplest option is to specify the URL in the dcat:Distribution using necessarily two properties: dcat:accessURL and dcterms:conformsTo. dcat:accessURL specifies the SPARQL endpoint URL, and dcterms:conformsTo specifies that the standard served by the dcat:accessURL is SPARQL.
The second DCAT option allows more details to be provided about the SPARQL endpoint, by describing it as a dcat:DataService, and reference in the dcat:Distribution the dcat:DataService with the dcat:dataService property. The RDF resource of the dcat:DataService, must have at least two properties that provide the same information as in the first option: dcat:endpointURL and dcterms:conformsTo.
Regarding the value to be used in the dcterms:conformsTo properties, the Europeana LD harvester recognizes any of the URLs from the namespaces defined in the SPARQL protocol:
The RDF resource of the dataset may optionally indicate a license that applies to the whole dataset. If the dataset provides the licensing information, individual metadata records may still override it, by specifying a license as defined in EDM.
The license for a whole dataset should be specified in dcterms:license or schema:license (with Europeana supported licensesâ€™ URIs). Following the recommendations of DCAT, the property should be applied to the Distribution of the dataset. The property may also be applied in the Dataset resource, since this option may be required when specifying the dataset using VoID, since no Distribution resource exists in such cases.
This section contains illustrative examples of RDF descriptions of datasets, prepared accordingly to the requirements of Europeana.
The next example contains a RDF description of a dataset available via a downloadable distribution. In this example, the DCAT vocabulary is used.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:dcat="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#"
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset/children_books">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Dataset">
<dcterms:title>Children books</dcterms:title>
<dcat:distribution>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset_distribution/children_books/">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#Distribution">
<dcat:downloadURL rdf:resource="http://example.org/downloads/our_dataset_2018-April.xml.gz"/>
<dcat:mediaType>application/rdf+xml</dcat:mediaType>
<dcterms:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"/>
</rdf:Description>
</dcat:distribution>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
The next example contains the description the same dataset available via a downloadable distribution. In this example, the Schema.org vocabulary is used.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:schema="http://schema.org/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset/children_books">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://schema.org/Dataset">
<schema:name>Children books</schema:name>
<schema:distribution>
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset_distribution/children_books/">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://schema.org/DataDownload">
<schema:contentUrl rdf:resource="http://example.org/downloads/our_dataset_2018-April.xml.gz"/>
<schema:encodingFormat>application/rdf+xml</schema:encodingFormat>
<schema:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"/>
</rdf:Description>
</schema:distribution>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
The next example contains the description the same dataset available via a downloadable distribution. In this example, the VoID vocabulary is used.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:void="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#"
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset/children_books">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#Dataset">
<dcterms:title>Children books</dc:title>
<void:void:dataDump rdf:about="http://example.org/downloads/our_dataset_2018-April.xml.gz"/>
<dcterms:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
The next example contains a RDF description of a dataset available via a listing of URIs. In this example, the VoID vocabulary is used.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:void="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#"
xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/dataset/children_books">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://rdfs.org/ns/void#Dataset">
<dcterms:title>Children books</dc:title>
<dcterms:license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"/>
<void:rootResource rdf:about="http://example.org/Aggregation/cho_abc"/>
<void:rootResource rdf:about="http://example.org/Aggregation/cho_def"/>
<void:rootResource rdf:about="http://example.org/Aggregation/cho_zyz"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>


4 - Sprites and Animation
EditSo we have a player sprite that moves around the screen. Great! But… we don't want it to just look like a block… so let's add some graphics!
First, you need to have the sprite's graphic. Using your image editor of choice, you can draw pretty much anything you want, and save it as a transparent .png
. For our player sprite, we're going to have it be made up of 16x16 pixel frames, with two different frames for each of the 4-possible facing directions (left and right are used by the same 2 frames, since we will be flipping them later).
You can draw it yourself, if you want, or use this image, created by my friend Vicky Hedgecock for this tutorial:
Save your file in assets/images
.
Now we need to actually load the player's graphic into the sprite. So, bring up your Player
class again.
Remove the
makeGraphic()
call from your constructor, and replace it with:loadGraphic(AssetPaths.player__png, true, 16, 16);
This tells your sprite to use the
player.png
graphic, that it's animated, and that each frame is 16x16 pixels.AssetPaths
is a class generated by a neat Haxe macro which builds its variables from the contents of yourProject.xml
's assets tag. Macros are a little complicated, but worth taking a look into at some point. In this case, we useAssetsPaths
as an easy way to reference our assets in code.Next, we want to allow the sprite to be flipped based on its
facing
value. This makes it so we only need sprites for one direction (left), and not two (left and right).Add the following:
setFacingFlip(FlxObject.LEFT, false, false); setFacingFlip(FlxObject.RIGHT, true, false);
All we're doing here is saying that we don't want to flip anything when facing left (because our sprite already faces left), and to flip horizontally when facing right. We could do the same for up and down if we wanted.
Now, we need to define our animations. In our case, we want each animation to end with the player in their 'neutral' pose (legs together), that way each time we animate the player, it will return to the correct frame as soon as they stop animating. So, add:
animation.add("lr", [3, 4, 3, 5], 6, false); animation.add("u", [6, 7, 6, 8], 6, false); animation.add("d", [0, 1, 0, 2], 6, false);
We're finished with the constructor changes, the final step is to change our
movement()
function to tell the player sprite which way to face. So, modify our section which deals with setting the player's angle to look something like this:var mA:Float = 0; // our temporary angle if (_up) // the player is pressing UP { mA = -90; // set our angle to -90 (12 o'clock) if (_left) mA -= 45; // if the player is also pressing LEFT, subtract 45 degrees from our angle - we're moving up and left else if (_right) mA += 45; // similarly, if the player is pressing RIGHT, add 45 degrees (up and right) facing = FlxObject.UP; // the sprite should be facing UP } else if (_down) // the player is pressing DOWN { mA = 90; // set our angle to 90 (6 o'clock) if (_left) mA += 45; // add 45 degrees if the player is also pressing LEFT else if (_right) mA -= 45; // or subtract 45 if they are pressing RIGHT facing = FlxObject.DOWN; // the sprite is facing DOWN } else if (_left) // if the player is not pressing UP or DOWN, but they are pressing LEFT { mA = 180; // set our angle to 180 (9 o'clock) facing = FlxObject.LEFT; // the sprite should be facing LEFT } else if (_right) // the player is not pressing UP, DOWN, or LEFT, and they ARE pressing RIGHT { mA = 0; // set our angle to 0 (3 o'clock) facing = FlxObject.RIGHT; // set the sprite's facing to RIGHT } // determine our velocity based on angle and speed velocity.set(speed, 0); velocity.rotate(FlxPoint.weak(0, 0), mA); if ((velocity.x != 0 || velocity.y != 0) && touching == FlxObject.NONE) // if the player is moving (velocity is not 0 for either axis), we need to change the animation to match their facing { switch (facing) { case FlxObject.LEFT, FlxObject.RIGHT: animation.play("lr"); case FlxObject.UP: animation.play("u"); case FlxObject.DOWN: animation.play("d"); } }
Every time this function gets called, it will check to see which of the directions the player is pressing, and, based on those, which way the sprite should be facing, and which animation should be playing..
Save your changes and run your project, and you should see your player sprite animate while being moved, and facing the right direction!
Next, we'll talk about maps and collision!


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{% load static %}
This is an early prototype demo of the ZFS Snapshot section of a FreeBSD administration web-giu.
The source code is available from github.
Username: iatethePassword: blueberrycrumble


Labour asks if Lib Dems will reverse tuition fee damage
.
Labour has asked the Lib Dems to confirm if the party will commit to “reversing the damage” it caused by trebling university tuition fees while part of the coalition government.
Shadow education secretary Angela Rayner has written to the Liberal Democrat leader Jo Swinson accusing her party of not only “alienating young people from politics” but saddling aspiring students with “crippling debt” after the party U-turned on a 2010 election pledge not to increase the charges when it went into coalition with the Tories.
In the letter, published on Friday, Ms Rayner said Labour’s pledge to scrap tuition fees would be paid for by asking corporations and high earners to contribute more.
She called on the Lib Dem to confirm if the party will reverse the damage it and the Conservatives inflicted upon students.
She added: “You and your party have been silent on your tuition fees policies.
“The Liberal Democrats betrayed students by supporting the trebling of tuition fees when in coalition with the Conservatives, despite promising to abolish student loans in your 2010 manifesto.
“This U-turn, which you voted for, not only alienated many young people from politics but has also saddled aspiring students with crippling debt at the start of their careers.
“I’m sure you will agree that young people have a right to the information they need to decide if the Liberal Democrats can be trusted with their future.
“So will you instruct your Treasury spokesperson, Ed Davey, to confirm tomorrow if you will commit to reversing the damage that Liberal Democrat and Conservative governments have inflicted upon students?”
The letter comes after senior Lib Dem Sam Gyimah said on Monday that the idea of zero university tuition fees was a “fantasy”.
The party’s business spokesman insisted such a move would “ration” places.
Mr Gyimah, who served as a Tory universities minister before defecting to the Lib Dems over Brexit, said during a campaign visit: “The idea that you can have zero tuition fees is a fantasy.”


Hi folks,
I have this odd behaviour. Phase #2 is swinging from positve to negative watts.
I have an emonTX v2.2 loaded with emonTx_CT123_3Phase_Voltage. Three 127v phases, the 9vac reference is plugged to phase1 + neutral.
My settings are:
double Vcal = 119.180;//228.268;
double Ical1 = 90.9; //˜0.67A // Calibration constant for current transformer 1
double Ical2 = 90.9; //˜0.64A // Calibration constant for current transformer 2
double Ical3 = 90.9; //˜0.60A // Calibration constant for current transformer 3
double Phasecal1 = 1.00; // Calibration constant for phase shift L1
double Phasecal2 = 1.35; // Calibration constant for phase shift L2
double Phasecal3 = 1.37; // Calibration constant for phase shift L3
Please find attached a screenshot of my dashboard and the .ino file.
Re: EmonTX v2.2 / phase swinging from positive to negative consumption
Would I be correct to think that the graphs are Top: L1, Centre: L2, Bottom: L3?
I can see a 1100 W load on L1 & L2, followed by a low power 'generation' on L2 of a few watts and a switched 'generation' of about 100 W.
What do you think is the actual load on L2? If there is a highly reactive load and the phase calibration is not exact, then because of the approximations of this sketch, it may well be that a low power factor load could appear as generation, which is what the negative power means.
You also need to remember that the emonTx V2 does not give reliable results below about 250 W (1% of its maximum reading) even on a single phase supply, due to the way the ADC works and noise pick-up.
Re: EmonTX v2.2 / phase swinging from positive to negative consumption
Hi Robert,
Yes, the graphs, top to bottom are L1, L2, L3. However, I just realized that I failed to check if the code represents the markings on the PCB. Probably yes, and I havent changed the code regarding to this.
I haven't measured the actual load at L2 with a clamp meter. I will do it tomorrow and compare the results.
Do you suggest a way to calibrate the phases?
Thanks,
Felipe
Re: EmonTX v2.2 / phase swinging from positive to negative consumption
All the calibration instructions are in the comments at the beginning of the sketch.
Normally to set the value of Phasecal, we say use a pure resistive load and set for a power factor of 1.0. That coincides with maximum real power. The problem with that is it is hard to find the exact maximum as the peak is very broad. If you have a large capacitor that is suitably rated for both voltage and current, there is a more precise way to set the value of Phasecal. If you have a pure reactance (a capacitor), then you adjust for zero real power, and it is easier to find a zero than it is to find a maximum.
There is one big problem with this method, which is why it's not mentioned: few people have a suitable large capacitor available. I use 3 μF and that is a lot smaller than I would like, so to multiply the current I put the wire through the c.t. many times to give me a 10-turn primary winding (equivalent to 30 μF and showing a current of about 2.2 A @ 240 V, giving me a load of about 550 var).
When I asked about the load on L2, I was hoping to be able to estimate the power factor. I want to know what sort of load is it? Which appliances?


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About me
my name is ahmed alanaswah,I am 27 year sold i am from joedan , I am full stack developer
-
Education
- mechanical engineer on university of joardan
- softwarw developer at ASAC COLLEGE
-
experiance
- mechanical engineer at cc-group 2019-2020
- mechanical engineer at bimtect 2020-2021
skills
goals
I have a goals to be learn more skills like these:
My Top Tens Anime
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--- layout: post title: Domain-Driven Design Quickly, by Abel Avram and Floyd Marinescu date: 2010-10-16 08:00:00.000000000 -06:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - Book tags: [] meta: _gcid: '262' _edit_last: '3110' _wp_page_template: default _bitly_trim: http://dddcommunity.org/?p=109 _thumbnail_id: '388' _dependencies: s:6:"a:0:{}"; _custom_background: a:5:{s:3:"url";s:0:"";s:16:"background-color";s:0:"";s:17:"background-repeat";s:6:"repeat";s:21:"background-attachment";s:6:"scroll";s:19:"background-position";s:8:"left top";} _intro_text: default _intro_custom_banner: a:1:{s:3:"url";s:0:"";} U_S_C_message: '' author: login: Eric Evans email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Eric Evans first_name: Eric last_name: Evans ---
Domain-Driven Design Quickly, by Abel Avram and Floyd Marinescu, is a 104 page condensed explanation of the basic principles of DDD, drawing heavily on the content of Evans and Nilsson. It is the "Cliff's Notes" version, a quick overview for those who don't have the time for big books, or simply want to get a quick taste before diving into the more in depth material.
DDD Quickly can be downloaded free from InfoQ, and a printed copy can be ordered for a nominal fee.