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I am currently working towards my MS degree in Computer Science at University of Oregon. I am a Graduate Teaching Fellow working as a web developer at Innovation Partnership Services at the university. Previously I have worked as a software engineer at Samsung Bangladesh R&D Institute. I am very much interested in UI and UX design philosophy and how it is reshaping our thoughts and approaches to the tasks we accomplish in our life.
CGPA: 3.87 on a scale of 4.0
Courses taken: User Interface, Human Performances, Computer Architecture, Algorithm and Complexity
CGPA: 3.52 on a scale of 4.0
Thesis: Real Time Performance Analysis of Face Recognition Algorithms


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nmos4_fast family cells
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Biden Wins Georgia with the Help of Georgia's Blackest Counties
Written By: Tremain Prioleau II
December 11th, 2020
Image Source: NYMAG.com
In an unprecedented election year with twists and turns at every corner, Georgia has emerged as the lone Blue state of the South granting president-elect Joe Biden its 16 electoral votes.
Georgia is notoriously known as a safe Red state where Republicans easily win elections. Biden is the first Democrat to win Georgia since Clinton in 1992. Much of Democrat’s success in Georgia comes from some of it’s more heavily diverse counties.
The state’s population makeup has changed in recent years due to an influx of Latino, Asian, and Black residents in counties like Gwinnett, Fulton, Cobb and Dekalb. But much of this win can be attributed to Black voters and organizers working in these communities. Maurice Mitchell, National director of the Working Families Party and Movement for Black Lives Strategist says, “We believed in the power of Black voters and Black organizers in our movement.” Their work propelled Biden to victory in these counties.
Source List:
https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-race-and-ethnicity-virus-outbreak-georgia-7a843bbce00713cfde6c3fdbc2e31eb7
https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2020-11-13/biden-flips-southern-state-georgia-defeats-trump-georgia
https://www.270towin.com/1992_Election/
https://workingfamilies.org/about-maurice-mitchell/


View the Fun64 dev blog for updates and
examples or find us on github.
Gists are the perfect
way of sharing fun64 files and run provides a way
of playing them in a browser.


USD/CAD consolidates in a range, around 1.3300 handle
by Haresh Menghani- The USD remained well supported by positive US bond yields, trade developments.
- A pickup in oil prices underpinned the loonie and kept a lid on any strong gains.
The USD/CAD pair lacked any firm directional bias and seesawed between tepid gains/minor losses through the early European session on Monday.
A combination of diverging forces failed to provide any meaningful impetus or assist the pair to build on Friday's goodish intraday positive move of around 45 pips and led to a subdued/range-bound price action on the first day of a new trading week.
Bulls await a fresh catalyst
The US dollar remained well supported by Friday's mostly upbeat US economic data and a modest pickup in the US Treasury bond yields. This coupled with some renewed hopes of a possible US-China trade deal extended some support to the major.
In the latest trade-related developments, the US President Donald Trump said on Friday that a deal with China was “potentially very close” and further indicated that he might not sign a bill passed by the Congress that supports Hong Kong.
The positive factor, to a larger extent, was negated by a mildly positive tone surrounding oil prices, which underpinned demand for the commodity-linked currency – loonie and kept a lid on any strong positive move for the major, at least for the time being.
Even from a technical perspective, the pair last week failed near a 5-1/2-month-old descending trend-line resistance, albeit has managed to hold its neck above the very important 200-day SMA, warranting some caution before placing any aggressive directional bets.
Technical levels to watch
USD/CAD
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Today last price | 1.3302 |
| Today Daily Change | 0.0010 |
| Today Daily Change % | 0.08 |
| Today daily open | 1.3292 |
| Trends | |
|---|---|
| Daily SMA20 | 1.3203 |
| Daily SMA50 | 1.3216 |
| Daily SMA100 | 1.321 |
| Daily SMA200 | 1.3277 |
| Levels | |
|---|---|
| Previous Daily High | 1.33 |
| Previous Daily Low | 1.3254 |
| Previous Weekly High | 1.3328 |
| Previous Weekly Low | 1.3156 |
| Previous Monthly High | 1.3349 |
| Previous Monthly Low | 1.3042 |
| Daily Fibonacci 38.2% | 1.3283 |
| Daily Fibonacci 61.8% | 1.3272 |
| Daily Pivot Point S1 | 1.3264 |
| Daily Pivot Point S2 | 1.3237 |
| Daily Pivot Point S3 | 1.3219 |
| Daily Pivot Point R1 | 1.331 |
| Daily Pivot Point R2 | 1.3328 |
| Daily Pivot Point R3 | 1.3355 |


Alicia Qiu Cheung
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Project #1:
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In this chapter you will configure the The Things Uno with two sensors, connect it to The Things Network platform. On the The Things platform you will provision (generate keys for) the The Things Uno, receive its messages and decode the telemetry. As final step in this chapter you will deploy a bridge between the The Things Network platform and Microsoft Azure IoT platform.
Note: In this workshop, we will create uniquely named Azure resources. The suggested names could be reserved already. Just try another unique name.
During this chapter most of these will be explained in dept.
A computer with internet access
A The Things Uno, a LED Bar Sensor, a Button Sensor, wiring & a micro USB cable
Node.js. (We prefer Version 8)
Azure account create here (Azure passes will be present for those who have no Azure account (please check your email for final confirmation))
Bridge software between TTN and Azure TtnAzureBridge (or as zip)
IoT Hub Explorer (for Command-Line interface based usage; see below for installation steps) or Device Explorer. (Locate the download link for the SetupDeviceExplorer.msi installer. Download and run the installer)
Seeed Grove Led Bar software library (or as zip)
Modern, up-to-date browser like Edge, Chrome and Firefox
Follow the workshop facilitator connecting the two sensors. A few important things:
3.3v
pin on the ‘The Things Uno’4
(fifth pin in the pin header) on the ‘The Things Uno’GND
pins on the ‘The Things Uno’5v
pin on the ‘The Things Uno’GND
pins on the ‘The Things Uno’8
on the ‘The Things Uno’9
on the ‘The Things Uno’Your device and sensors should be connected as follows:
Overview
Details pin layout node
Button pin layout
LED Bar pin layout
We start with running a simple sketch on the Arduino. This is a program which simulates a machine and when you press a button it ‘breaks down’.
Copy the zip file ‘Grove_LED_Bar-master.zip’ from this OneDrive location to a folder (you do not have to unzip it)
Open the Arduino IDE
Select menu Sketch, Include library, Add .ZIP Library. A dialog to add a library is shown
Select the ‘Grove_LED_Bar-master.zip’ and select Open
Check if the library is imported correctly. A collection (of sketches) named ‘Grove_LED_Bar-master’ should appear in menu File, Examples, Examples from Custom Libraries
Connect The Things Uno via the micro USB cable to your computer
In the Tools menu, click Board and select Arduino Leonardo
In the Tools menu, click Port and select the serial port of your COMx (Arduino Leonardo)
Paste the following code in a new sketch:
#include <Grove_LED_Bar.h>
#define debugSerial Serial
int commButton = 4;
int cycleCompleted = 0;
int errorCode = 0;
#define debugSerial Serial
Grove_LED_Bar bar(9, 8, 0); // Clock pin, Data pin, Orientation
void setup()
{
debugSerial.begin(9600);
pinMode(commButton, INPUT);
delay(1000);
debugSerial.println("Initializing");
bar.begin();
bar.setLed(1,1);
delay(250);
bar.setLed(1,0);
bar.setLed(2, 1);
delay(250);
bar.setLed(2,0);
for (int i = 3; i < 11; i++) {
bar.setLed(i, 1);
delay(250);
};
for (int i = 11; i > 2; i--) {
bar.setLed(i, 0);
delay(250);
};
bar.setLed(2,1);
debugSerial.println("Led bar initialized");
}
void loop()
{
// Simulate police LED lights using setLed method
for (float i = 0; i < 1.1; i += .100f) {
bar.setLed(2, 1 - i);
delay(150);
};
for (float i = 0; i < 1.1; i += .100f) {
bar.setLed(2, i);
delay(150);
};
// If not in error state, update the number of cycles
if (errorCode == 0) {
clearProgress(cycleCompleted);
showProgress(cycleCompleted);
cycleCompleted++;
debugSerial.print("Cycle completed: ");
debugSerial.println(cycleCompleted );
}
// In the button is pushed, the machine enters an error state
if (digitalRead(commButton) == HIGH) {
errorCode = 99;
bar.setLed(1,1);
debugSerial.print("Error occured: ");
debugSerial.println( errorCode);
debugSerial.println("Repair of machine needed...");
}
// Communicate with TTN about number of cycles and current state (error code)
byte buffer[2];
buffer[0] = (byte) cycleCompleted;
buffer[1] = (byte) errorCode;
delay(12000);
}
void showProgress(int i){
switch(i % 5){
case 0:
bar.setLed(3,1);
break;
case 1:
bar.setLed(4,1);
break;
case 2:
bar.setLed(5,1);
break;
case 3:
bar.setLed(6,1);
break;
case 4:
bar.setLed(7,1);
break;
}
}
void clearProgress(int i){
if ((i % 5) == 0) {
bar.setLed(3,0);
bar.setLed(4,0);
bar.setLed(5,0);
bar.setLed(6,0);
bar.setLed(7,0);
}
}
In the Sketch menu, click Verify/Compile
Go to the Tools menu and open the Serial Monitor
Go back to the Sketch menu and click Upload
Once the sketch has been uploaded, You should see output like this.
Just wait a few seconds before pushing the button (please push and hold until the error message occurs):
Initializing
Led bar initialized
Cycle completed: 1
Cycle completed: 2
Cycle completed: 3
...
Error occured: 99
Repair of machine needed...
Note: The red LED on the LED bar should be lit too.
Now we have a running Arduino with some basic logic. Let’s send some messages using The Things Network.
Follow the steps to create an application and register your device.
A selection between Applications maintenance and Gateways maintenance must be made. Choose Applications
A The Things Network application is a logical container of several devices, providing the same telemetry. There are no TTN applications yet
Add a new application. Pick a unique Application ID (for example predictive_maintenance
in lower case) and fill in a description
Go to Devices
Enter a Device ID (for example predictive_maintenance_machine_42
in lower case)
Click the Generate icon for ‘Device EUI’ so a unique EUI can be generated on register
The text in the ‘Device EUI’ textbox is changed
The register button is now enabled. Click Register
The device is now created
Now we have to fine tune the settings
Click Settings in the upper right corner
Select activation method ABP instead of OTAA
And uncheck Frame counter checks Note: As stated, Disabling frame counter checks drastically reduces security and should only be used for development purposes. In this workshop, this makes you more flexible
Click Save
The following device settings are shown
Keep this page open, you need the device address, network session key and application session key in a minute
The TTN application is now created. And your device has been registered and provisioned. Let’s use the keys to connect.
The sensor data is read, now it is time to send the sensor data to the The Things Network platform.
First we have to reference the The Thinks Network library for Arduino. Open the Arduino IDE
Select menu Sketch, Include library, Manage Libraries. A form named ‘Library Manager’ is shown
Search for The Things Network library using the keyword ‘TheThingsNetwork’
A single library is shown. Select the library and Install the library
Close the Library manager
In the Arduino IDE, from the File menu, choose New to create a new sketch and paste the following code:
#include <Grove_LED_Bar.h>
#include <TheThingsNetwork.h>
const char *devAddr = "00000000";
const char *nwkSKey = "00000000000000000000000000000000";
const char *appSKey = "00000000000000000000000000000000";
#define loraSerial Serial1
#define debugSerial Serial
#define freqPlan TTN_FP_EU868
TheThingsNetwork ttn(loraSerial, debugSerial, freqPlan);
int commButton = 4;
int cycleCompleted = 0;
int errorCode = 0;
#define debugSerial Serial
#define loraSerial Serial1
Grove_LED_Bar bar(9, 8, 0); // Clock pin, Data pin, Orientation
void setup()
{
loraSerial.begin(57600);
debugSerial.begin(9600);
pinMode(commButton, INPUT);
delay(1000);
debugSerial.println("Initializing");
// Initializing TTN communication...
ttn.personalize(devAddr, nwkSKey, appSKey);
debugSerial.println("The Things Network connected");
// nothing to initialize
bar.begin();
bar.setLed(1,1);
delay(250);
bar.setLed(1,0);
bar.setLed(2, 1);
delay(250);
bar.setLed(2,0);
for (int i = 3; i < 11; i++) {
bar.setLed(i, 1);
delay(250);
};
for (int i = 11; i > 2; i--) {
bar.setLed(i, 0);
delay(250);
};
bar.setLed(2,1);
debugSerial.println("Led bar initialized");
}
void loop()
{
// Simulate police LED lights using setLed method
for (float i = 0; i < 1.1; i += .100f) {
bar.setLed(2, 1 - i);
delay(150);
};
for (float i = 0; i < 1.1; i += .100f) {
bar.setLed(2, i);
delay(150);
};
// If not in error state, update the number of cycles
if (errorCode == 0) {
clearProgress(cycleCompleted);
showProgress(cycleCompleted);
cycleCompleted++;
debugSerial.print("Cycle completed: ");
debugSerial.println(cycleCompleted );
}
// In the button is pushed, the machine enters an error state
if (digitalRead(commButton) == HIGH) {
errorCode = 99;
bar.setLed(1,1);
debugSerial.print("Error occured: ");
debugSerial.println( errorCode);
debugSerial.println("Repair of machine needed...");
}
// Communicate with TTN about number of cycles and current state (error code)
byte buffer[2];
buffer[0] = (byte) cycleCompleted;
buffer[1] = (byte) errorCode;
// send message to TTN
ttn.sendBytes(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
delay(12000);
}
void showProgress(int i){
switch(i % 5){
case 0:
bar.setLed(3,1);
break;
case 1:
bar.setLed(4,1);
break;
case 2:
bar.setLed(5,1);
break;
case 3:
bar.setLed(6,1);
break;
case 4:
bar.setLed(7,1);
break;
}
}
void clearProgress(int i){
if ((i % 5) == 0) {
bar.setLed(3,0);
bar.setLed(4,0);
bar.setLed(5,0);
bar.setLed(6,0);
bar.setLed(7,0);
}
}
Insert your device address in devAddr
, network session key in nwkSkey
and application session key in appSKey
. You can use the handy clipboard
button in the dashboard to copy it quickly as a HEX/C-Style value
Open the Serial Monitor again from the Tools menu once upload has completed. Your device should now be sending telemetry to The Things Network
In The Things Network dashboard, go to Data. You see uplink packets arriving (the 63 occurs when you push and hold the button):
We are now receiving raw telemetry. We can decode and transform this in the TTN portal towards JSON messages.
Now, the hexidecimal payload is an efficient format for LoRa communication but it is not really useful upstream. We want human readable JSON. To decode and convert the hexidecimal payload to JSON messages, we have payload formats.
Add the following decoder payload format to decode the two bytes back to the decimal number of cycles completed and the current state:
You have to test this decoder function before you can save the function. Enter eg. ‘2A00’ in the payload and click Test. The hexidecimal payload entered is shown in JSON format as test result
We also want to rearrange (convert) the order of the JSON elements. To rearrange the order we use the following function as the converter payload format:
Again, you have to test this converter payload format before you can save the function. Enter eg. ‘2A00’ in the payload and click Test. The hexidecimal payload entered is shown in JSON format with rearranged elements as test result
Finally, scroll to the bottom of the page and click Save
Go back to your data overview. Now you should see something like this:
Now we have clean JSON data ready to be processed. But it’s still at the TTN portal. Let’s connect the Azure IoT Portal to read this upstream data.
Futher processing of the telemetry on the The Things Network platform is not possible. Processing telemetry has to be done on your own IoT plaform of your choice. In this case we choose the Azure IoT platform.
But first we need the secrets from the The Things Network platform to be able to create a secure connection between the TTN and your own platform. A secure connection between platforms is called a bridge. We will configure and deploy a bridge with the Azure IoT Hub.
We have to collect unique keys of the The Things Network application.
Scroll down to Access Keys. Write down the default ‘Access Key’
The Application ID
and Access Key
are required to get data from The Things Network.
Follow these steps to create an Azure IoT Hub.
On the left, a number of common Azure services are shown. Select All Services
to open a list with all available services
Filter it with IoT Hub
Select IoT Hub
and a new blade will be shown. Select Add
and you will be asked to enter the information needed to create an IoT Hub
Enter a unique IoT Hub name eg. IoTWorkshop-ih
. A green sign will be shown if the name is unique
Enter a unique Resource Group eg. IoTWorkshop-rg
. A green sign will be shown if the name is unique
Select West Europe
for the location, if needed
Press Create
and the portal will start creating the service. Once it is created, a notification is shown. In the right upper corner, a bell represents the list of all notifications shown
Creating an IoT Hub takes some time.
The bridge requires an Azure IoT Hub Shared access policy key name with Registry read, write and Device connect
permissions. In this example, we use the iothubowner policy which has these permissions enabled by default.
Check the Azure portal. The resource group and the IoT Hub has to be created before we continue…
On the left, select Resource groups
. A list of resource groups is shown
Select the resource group IoTWorkshop-rg
. It will open a new blade with all resources in this group
Select the IoT Hub IoTWorkshop-ih
. It will open a new blade with the IoT Hub
The IoTHub has not received any messages yet. Check the general settings for Shared access policies
Write down the name
of the IoT Hub eg. IoTWorkshop-ih
Navigate to the ‘iothubowner’ policy and write down both the Primary Key
and the Connection String-Primary Key
, the first full Connection String
These are all the secrets needed from the Azure IoT Hub.
Telemetry is arriving at the TTN portal. But we want to pass it on to the Azure IoT Platform. We need to build a ‘bridge’.
Follow these steps to create the integration bridge between The Things Network and Azure IoT Hub.
Note: The bridge below is build using C# and will not run on non-windows devices. If you are unable to run the bridge locally, deploy the bridge in the cloud as described in Deploying The Things Network Bridge to Azure as a WebJob
Note: The bridge is actually an open source project on github. We accept pull requests :-)
Create a new folder eg. c:\IoTWorkshop
Copy the zip file ‘TTNAzureBridge.zip’ from this OneDrive location to this folder and unzip/extract it (Note: on some corporate networks, access to onedrive is limited. Ask the organization for a copy of the zip)
Open this config file in notepad or another text file editor
Replace [TTN App Id] with the TTN Application ID
Replace [TTN App Access Key] with the TTN Access Key
Replace [iothub name] with the name
of the IoT Hub in the app settings
In the connectionstring of ‘IoTHub’, replace [Connection String-Primary] with the remembered Primary Key
Note: actually, this connectionstring should resemble the full IoTHub connectionstring
Save the config file and close the editor
The bridge is now ready for execution.
You are about to retrieve the telemetry from the The Things Network platform.
At the command prompt (press Windows button-R, type .html and enter), navigate to the new folder c:\iotworkshop
In the same folder, run TtnAzureBridge.exe
to verify the bridge is working
This is example output:
time 1/11/2017 8:16:29 PM -> IoT Hub IoTWorkshop-ih connected
MQTT KeepAlivePeriod is 60000
MQTT subscribed to predictive_maintenance on eu.thethings.network
MQTT handling uplink
Message received (2/predictive_maintenance_machine_42/eui-b827ebffffc19ca8/51.46018/5.61902/868.1/-76): {"errorCode":0,"numberOfCycles":3}-IoT Hub message sent
MQTT handling uplink
Message received (12/predictive_maintenance_machine_42/eui-b827ebffffc19ca8/51.46018/5.61902/868.1/-77): {"errorCode":0,"numberOfCycles":13}-IoT Hub message sent
...
The telemetry is passed to the connect Azure IoTHub. We also see some basic information about the frame count, the node, the name and registered GPS location of the gateway, the Lora channel used and the quality of the reception (RSSI)
Note: the message consists of valid JSON telemetry.
Note: Keep the bridge running until the end of the complete workshop.
We can check the arrival of messages in the Azure IoT Hub. This can be done using a UI app named Device Explorer or using a Command-Line tool named IoT Hub Explorer. Choose one below
We can check the arrival of the messages in the Azure IoT Hub using the Device Explorer.
The Device Explorer tool is a Windows-only graphical tool for managing your devices in IoT Hub.
The easiest way to install the Device Explorer tool in your environment is to download the pre-built version by clicking Azure IoT SDKs releases. (Locate the download link for the SetupDeviceExplorer.msi installer. Download and run the installer)
Start the Device Explorer from the desktop or using the start menu
On the Configuration Tab, insert the IoT Hub Connection String. Leave the Protocol Gateway Hostname empty
Press Update
On the Management tab, your device should already be available. It was registered by the bridge the very first time, telemetry arrived
On the Data tab, Select your Device ID (like ‘predictive_maintenance_machine_42’) and press Monitor
Now we check the leds on the device for Sending cycle updates a couple of times. This will result in the following messages while Duty Cycle telemetry is sent by the device
Receiving events...predictive_maintenance_machine_42
1/5/2017 9:46:18 PM> Device: [predictive_maintenance_machine_42], Data:[{"errorCode":0,"numberOfCycles":1}]
1/5/2017 9:46:19 PM> Device: [predictive_maintenance_machine_42], Data:[{"errorCode":0,"numberOfCycles":2}]
1/5/2017 9:46:20 PM> Device: [predictive_maintenance_machine_42], Data:[{"errorCode":0,"numberOfCycles":3}]
We can check the arrival of the messages in the Azure IoT Hub using the IoT Hub Explorer. This tool is Command-Line based, please check the installation requirements.
Note: See the full example for more options of this tool.
Create a new folder eg. c:\iothubexplorer
At the command prompt (press Windows button-R, type .html and enter), navigate to the new folder c:\iothubexplorer
In this folder, run the following command npm install -g iothub-explorer@latest
in your command-line environment, to install the latest version of the iothub-explorer tool
Login to the IoT Hub Explorer by supplying your remembered IoT Hub Connection String using the command iothub-explorer login "[your connection string]"
A session with the IoT Hub will start and it will last for approx. one hour:
Session started, expires on Thu Jan 05 2017 22:53:55 GMT+0100 (W. Europe Standard Time)
To monitor the device-to-cloud messages from a device, use the following command iothub-explorer monitor-events --login [your connection string]
and fill in your remembered IoT Hub ‘Connection String’
All devices are monitored now. This will result in the following messages
Monitoring events from all devices...
==== From: 'predictive_maintenance_machine_42' at '2018-04-06T21:07:00.539Z' ====
{
"errorCode": 0,
"numberOfCycles": 8
}
---- application properties ----
{}
-------------------
==== From: 'predictive_maintenance_machine_42' at '2018-04-06T21:07:10.539Z' ====
{
"errorCode": 0,
"numberOfCycles": 9
}
---- application properties ----
{}
-------------------
The messages are shown in the TTN portal, in the Bridge and in the IoTHub monitoring tooling. So we have proof of the arrival of these messages in the Azure IoT portal.
Next Step: You are now ready to process your data in an Azure Function. Continue to Receiving and handling The Things Network telemetry in Azure


Reports calls to
equals()
where the target and argument are of incompatible types. While such a call might theoretically be useful, most likely it represents a bug.
Example:
new HashSet<String>().equals(new TreeSet<Integer>());


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This can be used to test dynamic updates and also to ensure that mutations are only observed on visible pages. It adds a landmark every two seconds.


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Coding is […] the technique of providing a dynamic background to controle the automatic evolution of meaning. (von neumann and goldstine)
I highlight the issue of understanding between humans and machines through the medium of source code, as an ambivalent notion which necessitates a symbolic interface. This concept of understanding is also understood in the light of the different fields of programming practice (professional, amateur (hobbyist+hacker), educational, scientific/academic)
define understanding (perspectives: reader/writer)
references, between objective and subjective: - simon penny and representation -> mind-body duality - lakoff & turner -> mental models - gregory chaitin -> data compression and simplicity of rules - wittgenstein (formal, absolute understanding vs. felt, contextual understanding)
The narrow understanding of “working” as “conforms to spec”.
Since everything is defined mathematically, it does not matter what words we use to describe the system; we could use words like “plan”, “learn”, and “understand”; or we could use words like “foo”, “bar”, and “baz”. In fact, programmers frequently employ nonsense terms like these when testing or demonstrating the logical behavior of a procedure.
simondon with his definition of technology as being a connection between magic and rational?
feigenbaum and thought (historical, this seems to be the first anthology published on the topic)
UNDERSTANDING AS MENTAL MODEL AFFECTED BY LANGUAGE [[abelson_sussuman_abelson_sicp]]
dual-positioning of source code text 1. against text (against literary) 2. against text (against productive software)
[[fedorenko_language_of_programming_cognitive_perspective]], about the cognitive implications of programming languages: does it change something in our brain if we learn more PLs?
[[fishwick_aesthetic_programming]] an answer to this question of the cognitive impacts of PLs, by using aesthetic as a link (un liant)
this section redefines the concept of understanding, not as human to human, and not as human to machine, but as human to machine to human, and highlights some of the hurdles that appear in terms of collectivity vs. subjectivity. it makes the claim that contrary to writing literature, in which writing is potentially public and reading private, writing source code is a private act (as illustrated by passages like weizenbaum, computer boys) and reading it is highly public. because of a change in concept, i would argue that the change in manifestation of concept is also necessary.
[[mckenzie_cutting_code]] [[tomov_role_of_aesthetics_in_software]] [[vee_coding_literacy]] [[vee_procedural_literacy]]
also note the place and role of tools (IDEs, teletypes, fast compiling, etc.)
\subsection{Tacit knowledge}
%or at least the role of knowledge, mind as matter:https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11023-007-9060-8
this section investigates the main challenge that source code tends to address as a human-machine communication tool
temporality (fast) and spatiality (jumps)
[[cantell_smith_introduction]] - computing as meaning mechanically realized <- this whole introduction is a good reference on the tension between the linguistic and the mechanical
another philosophical approach highlighting the tension in software is [[irmak_software_abstract_artifact]]
[[detienne_software_design_cognitive_aspects]], psychology of programmers, beacons
eye-tracking study of programmers of different levels readingn source code
The most influential conception of computational principles comes from David Marr (1982), who prescribed a definite format for computational theories. For Marr, each theory had three tiers: a computational theory of some problem, a specification of the algorithm by means of which the brain solves this problem, and the implementation of this algorithm in neural machinery. (agre)
this section focuses on the many ways people designate code and digital systems
berry, code as: - engine - image - communication medium - text [[cummings_coding_with_power_rhetoric_coding]]
limits to a literary approach: [[hayles_print_flat_code_deep]], and confirmation via a psychological study [[ivanova_comprehension_computer_code]]
Critical code studies, and rhetorical code studies
this section talks about computation, symbolic logic, math and turing and lambda functions and all that beautiful stuff.
[[rapaport_philosophy_of_computer_science]] [[suber_what_is_software]] [[weinberg_psychology_of_programming]]
this section talks about the computer as a cognitive tool, as a way to think (rokeby, wolfram), along the lines of algorithmic thinking, coding literacy. this will highlight the necessity of translating concepts from one frame of mind to another (formal vs. informal)
“expert programmers know how to choose the level of abstraction appropriate to the task” (sicp)


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Communication
Thought for the Day
I was thinking about a very ubiquitous topic that I like to explore more about - the topic of communication. Whether it be my curiousity about the origins of writing, or fascination with old/dead languages, I always like to think of language as a tool - a tool for communicating with others. It is true that attaining a certain level of proficiency at weilding this tool leads to a lot of opportunities. At the same time, I think that one’s command over a language is not actually a measure of one’s communication skills. You can clear GRE but still struggle to share your ideas with a group of people.
The point is - being effective at communication is an orthogonal skill to language proficiency.
Just being accurate with your grammar doesn’t make you John Green.
What brought me joy today?
- Learning about the Evolution of the English alphabet
- Learning 4 measures of Ode to Joy with C Major chords.
- Finally setting up my BRITA water filter.


Pingouin is an open-source statistical package written in Python 3 and based mostly on Pandas and NumPy. Some of its main features are listed below. For a full list of available functions, please refer to the API documentation.
ANOVAs: N-ways, repeated measures, mixed, ancova
Pairwise post-hocs tests (parametric and non-parametric) and pairwise correlations
Robust, partial, distance and repeated measures correlations
Linear/logistic regression and mediation analysis
Bayes Factors
Multivariate tests
Reliability and consistency
Effect sizes and power analysis
Parametric/bootstrapped confidence intervals around an effect size or a correlation coefficient
Circular statistics
Chi-squared tests
Plotting: Bland-Altman plot, Q-Q plot, paired plot, robust correlation…
Pingouin is designed for users who want simple yet exhaustive stats functions.
For example, the ttest_ind
function of SciPy returns only the T-value and the p-value. By contrast,
the ttest
function of Pingouin returns the T-value, the p-value, the degrees of freedom, the effect size (Cohen’s d), the 95% confidence intervals of the difference in means, the statistical power and the Bayes Factor (BF10) of the test.
Installation¶
Pingouin is a Python 3 package and is currently tested for Python 3.7-3.9. It does not support Python 2.
The main dependencies of Pingouin are :
In addition, some functions require :
Pingouin can be easily installed using pip
pip install pingouin
or conda
conda install -c conda-forge pingouin
Pingouin is under heavy development and it is likely that bugs/mistakes will be discovered in future releases. Please always make sure that you are using the latest version of Pingouin (new releases are frequent). Whenever a new release is out there, you can upgrade your version by typing the following line in a terminal window:
pip install --upgrade pingouin
Quick start¶
If you have questions, please ask them in GitHub Discussions.
If you want to report a bug, please open an issue on the GitHub repository.
If you want to see Pingouin in action, please click on the link below and navigate to the notebooks/ folder to open a collection of interactive Jupyter notebooks.
10 minutes to Pingouin¶
1. T-test¶
import numpy as np
import pingouin as pg
np.random.seed(123)
mean, cov, n = [4, 5], [(1, .6), (.6, 1)], 30
x, y = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, n).T
# T-test
pg.ttest(x, y)
T |
dof |
alternative |
p-val |
CI95% |
cohen-d |
BF10 |
power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-3.401 |
58 |
two-sided |
0.001 |
[-1.68 -0.43] |
0.878 |
26.155 |
0.917 |
2. Pearson’s correlation¶
pg.corr(x, y)
n |
r |
CI95% |
p-val |
BF10 |
power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 |
0.595 |
[0.3 0.79] |
0.001 |
69.723 |
0.950 |
3. Robust correlation¶
# Introduce an outlier
x[5] = 18
# Use the robust biweight midcorrelation
pg.corr(x, y, method="bicor")
n |
r |
CI95% |
p-val |
power |
|---|---|---|---|---|
30 |
0.576 |
[0.27 0.78] |
0.001 |
0.933 |
4. Test the normality of the data¶
The pingouin.normality()
function works with lists, arrays, or pandas DataFrame in wide or long-format.
print(pg.normality(x)) # Univariate normality
print(pg.multivariate_normality(np.column_stack((x, y)))) # Multivariate normality
W |
pval |
normal |
|---|---|---|
0.615 |
0.000 |
False |
(False, 0.00018)
5. Q-Q plot¶
import numpy as np
import pingouin as pg
np.random.seed(123)
x = np.random.normal(size=50)
ax = pg.qqplot(x, dist='norm')
6. One-way ANOVA using a pandas DataFrame¶
# Read an example dataset
df = pg.read_dataset('mixed_anova')
# Run the ANOVA
aov = pg.anova(data=df, dv='Scores', between='Group', detailed=True)
print(aov)
Source |
SS |
DF |
MS |
F |
p-unc |
np2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group |
5.460 |
1 |
5.460 |
5.244 |
0.023 |
0.029 |
Within |
185.343 |
178 |
1.041 |
nan |
nan |
nan |
7. Repeated measures ANOVA¶
pg.rm_anova(data=df, dv='Scores', within='Time', subject='Subject', detailed=True)
Source |
SS |
DF |
MS |
F |
p-unc |
np2 |
eps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time |
7.628 |
2 |
3.814 |
3.913 |
0.023 |
0.062 |
0.999 |
Error |
115.027 |
118 |
0.975 |
nan |
nan |
nan |
nan |
8. Post-hoc tests corrected for multiple-comparisons¶
# FDR-corrected post hocs with Hedges'g effect size
posthoc = pg.pairwise_ttests(data=df, dv='Scores', within='Time', subject='Subject',
parametric=True, padjust='fdr_bh', effsize='hedges')
# Pretty printing of table
pg.print_table(posthoc, floatfmt='.3f')
Contrast |
A |
B |
Paired |
Parametric |
T |
dof |
alternative |
p-unc |
p-corr |
p-adjust |
BF10 |
hedges |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time |
August |
January |
True |
True |
-1.740 |
59.000 |
two-sided |
0.087 |
0.131 |
fdr_bh |
0.582 |
-0.328 |
Time |
August |
June |
True |
True |
-2.743 |
59.000 |
two-sided |
0.008 |
0.024 |
fdr_bh |
4.232 |
-0.483 |
Time |
January |
June |
True |
True |
-1.024 |
59.000 |
two-sided |
0.310 |
0.310 |
fdr_bh |
0.232 |
-0.170 |
9. Two-way mixed ANOVA¶
# Compute the two-way mixed ANOVA and export to a .csv file
aov = pg.mixed_anova(data=df, dv='Scores', between='Group', within='Time',
subject='Subject', correction=False, effsize="np2")
pg.print_table(aov)
Source |
SS |
DF1 |
DF2 |
MS |
F |
p-unc |
np2 |
eps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group |
5.460 |
1 |
58 |
5.460 |
5.052 |
0.028 |
0.080 |
nan |
Time |
7.628 |
2 |
116 |
3.814 |
4.027 |
0.020 |
0.065 |
0.999 |
Interaction |
5.167 |
2 |
116 |
2.584 |
2.728 |
0.070 |
0.045 |
nan |
10. Pairwise correlations between columns of a dataframe¶
import pandas as pd
np.random.seed(123)
z = np.random.normal(5, 1, 30)
data = pd.DataFrame({'X': x, 'Y': y, 'Z': z})
pg.pairwise_corr(data, columns=['X', 'Y', 'Z'], method='pearson')
X |
Y |
method |
alternative |
n |
r |
CI95% |
p-unc |
BF10 |
power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X |
Y |
pearson |
two-sided |
30 |
0.366 |
[0.01 0.64] |
0.047 |
1.500 |
0.525 |
X |
Z |
pearson |
two-sided |
30 |
0.251 |
[-0.12 0.56] |
0.181 |
0.534 |
0.272 |
Y |
Z |
pearson |
two-sided |
30 |
0.020 |
[-0.34 0.38] |
0.916 |
0.228 |
0.051 |
11. Convert between effect sizes¶
# Convert from Cohen's d to Hedges' g
pg.convert_effsize(0.4, 'cohen', 'hedges', nx=10, ny=12)
0.384
12. Multiple linear regression¶
pg.linear_regression(data[['X', 'Z']], data['Y'])
names |
coef |
se |
T |
pval |
r2 |
adj_r2 |
CI[2.5%] |
CI[97.5%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept |
4.650 |
0.841 |
5.530 |
0.000 |
0.139 |
0.076 |
2.925 |
6.376 |
X |
0.143 |
0.068 |
2.089 |
0.046 |
0.139 |
0.076 |
0.003 |
0.283 |
Z |
-0.069 |
0.167 |
-0.416 |
0.681 |
0.139 |
0.076 |
-0.412 |
0.273 |
13. Mediation analysis¶
pg.mediation_analysis(data=data, x='X', m='Z', y='Y', seed=42, n_boot=1000)
path |
coef |
se |
pval |
CI[2.5%] |
CI[97.5%] |
sig |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z ~ X |
0.103 |
0.075 |
0.181 |
-0.051 |
0.256 |
No |
Y ~ Z |
0.018 |
0.171 |
0.916 |
-0.332 |
0.369 |
No |
Total |
0.136 |
0.065 |
0.047 |
0.002 |
0.269 |
Yes |
Direct |
0.143 |
0.068 |
0.046 |
0.003 |
0.283 |
Yes |
Indirect |
-0.007 |
0.025 |
0.898 |
-0.069 |
0.029 |
No |
14. Contingency analysis¶
data = pg.read_dataset('chi2_independence')
expected, observed, stats = pg.chi2_independence(data, x='sex', y='target')
stats
test |
lambda |
chi2 |
dof |
p |
cramer |
power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pearson |
1.000 |
22.717 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.274 |
0.997 |
cressie-read |
0.667 |
22.931 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.275 |
0.998 |
log-likelihood |
0.000 |
23.557 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.279 |
0.998 |
freeman-tukey |
-0.500 |
24.220 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.283 |
0.998 |
mod-log-likelihood |
-1.000 |
25.071 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.288 |
0.999 |
neyman |
-2.000 |
27.458 |
1.000 |
0.000 |
0.301 |
0.999 |
15. Bland-Altman plot¶
import numpy as np
import pingouin as pg
np.random.seed(123)
mean, cov = [10, 11], [[1, 0.8], [0.8, 1]]
x, y = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, 30).T
ax = pg.plot_blandaltman(x, y)
16. Plot achieved power of a paired T-test¶
Plot the curve of achieved power given the effect size (Cohen d) and the sample size of a paired T-test.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pingouin as pg
import numpy as np
sns.set(style='ticks', context='notebook', font_scale=1.2)
d = 0.5 # Fixed effect size
n = np.arange(5, 80, 5) # Incrementing sample size
# Compute the achieved power
pwr = pg.power_ttest(d=d, n=n, contrast='paired')
# Start the plot
plt.plot(n, pwr, 'ko-.')
plt.axhline(0.8, color='r', ls=':')
plt.xlabel('Sample size')
plt.ylabel('Power (1 - type II error)')
plt.title('Achieved power of a paired T-test')
sns.despine()
17. Paired plot¶
import pingouin as pg
import numpy as np
df = pg.read_dataset('mixed_anova').query("Group == 'Meditation' and Time != 'January'")
ax = pg.plot_paired(data=df, dv='Scores', within='Time', subject='Subject', dpi=150)
ax.set_title("Effect of meditation on school performance")
Integration with Pandas¶
Several functions of Pingouin can be used directly as pandas.DataFrame
methods. Try for yourself with the code below:
import pingouin as pg
# Example 1 | ANOVA
df = pg.read_dataset('mixed_anova')
df.anova(dv='Scores', between='Group', detailed=True)
# Example 2 | Pairwise correlations
data = pg.read_dataset('mediation')
data.pairwise_corr(columns=['X', 'M', 'Y'], covar=['Mbin'])
# Example 3 | Partial correlation matrix
data.pcorr()
The functions that are currently supported as pandas method are:
Development¶
Pingouin was created and is maintained by Raphael Vallat, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Berkeley, mostly during his spare time. Contributions are more than welcome so feel free to contact me, open an issue or submit a pull request!
To see the code or report a bug, please visit the GitHub repository.
This program is provided with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. Pingouin is still under heavy development and there are likely hidden bugs. Always double check the results with another statistical software.
Contributors
Nicolas Legrand
How to cite Pingouin?¶
If you want to cite Pingouin, please use the publication in JOSS:
Vallat, R. (2018). Pingouin: statistics in Python. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(31), 1026, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01026
Acknowledgement¶
Several functions of Pingouin were inspired from R or Matlab toolboxes, including:


Remember, the excellence is in the balance - not too hard, but not too happy either!
Don't hesitate, create your own quiz and start adding questions.


--- date: 2011-02-12T00:00:00Z published: true title: Alcohol kills more than AIDS, TB or violence - WHO - Didn't know that. url: /2011/02/12/alcohol-kills-more-than-aids-tb-or-violence-who-didn-t-know-that-/ ---
Alcohol causes nearly 4 percent of deaths worldwide, more than AIDS, tuberculosis or violence, the World Health Organization warned on Friday.
Rising incomes have triggered more drinking in heavily populated countries in Africa and Asia, including India and South Africa, and binge drinking is a problem in many developed countries, the United Nations agency said.


A quick note for readers interested in the Library section of my site: I’ve just added a new page to the site where I track my reading list.
There is no feed for it because it is just a single page, which I’ll keep mostly current, as a convenient reference for perusers of the site. Most items on that page will get referenced in the feeds anyway, by way of reviews or excerpts or the like. The new page will always have links to any and all of my reviews, Winning Slowly discussions, or other interactions with the texts.
Happy reading!


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DISSERTATION
MECHANICS OF SOIL EROSION FROM OVERLAND FLOW GENERATED BY SIMULATED RAINFALL
Submitted by
MUSTAFA YILMAZ KILINC
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy -Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
May 1972


BASQUIAT A film review by Scott Renshaw Copyright 1996 Scott Renshaw
Starring: Jeffrey Wright, Michael Wincott, Benicio Del Toro, Claire Forlani, David Bowie, Gary Oldman, Dennis Hopper. Screenplay: Julian Schnabel. Director: Julian Schnabel. Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
Yes, I understand: happy artists do not exactly make for compelling drama. Still, you have to admit that the Cult of the Tortured Artist seems to have more adherents in Hollywood than Scientology. Van Gogh in LUST FOR LIFE...tortured. Toulouse-Lautrec in MOULIN ROUGE...tortured. Mozart in AMADEUS, Beethoven in IMMORTAL BELOVED, Rimbaud in TOTAL ECLIPSE...call in Torquemada. So why is it that BASQUIAT feels so completely unique? Perhaps it is because, for a change, its principal character is portrayed as a tortured human being first and foremost. Art is connected to his suffering, but he does not suffer for his art.
This measured approach is surprising not just because write-director Julian Schnabel is a first-time film-maker, or because he was a friend of the film's subject, Haitian-American artist Jean-Michel Basquiat (Jeffrey Wright), but because Schnabel himself is an artist of no small renown. It has been a characteristic of the works of artists-turned-auteurs (including Andy Warhol's and the ugly recent example of Robert Longo's JOHNNY MNEMONIC) that you could expect to find very little beyond the images. Schnabel does create some extremely arresting images, including a sharp opening title sequence underscored by The Pogues, but he has also left no doubt that this is a film about _someone_, about some_thing_. He tells of Basquiat's days as a homeless teen-ager in the late 70s, living in a cardboard box in New York and creating graffiti art with the recognizable tag of "SAMO." He is "discovered" by writer Rene Ricard (Michael Wincott), who introduces Basquiat into the circles of art dealers like Bruno Bischofberger (Dennis Hopper) and gallery owners like Mary Boone (Parker Posey). Before he even realizes it, Basquiat is the toast of the New York art scene, and even becomes a close friend of Andy Warhol (David Bowie).
BASQUIAT is a film full of vibrant characters, none more so than Jean-Michel Basquiat himself. Jeffrey Wright, a Tony Award-winning stage actor, gives a stunning performance as Basquiat, a lonely wraith who always seems to be hovering just on the edge of coherence. Schnabel portrays him as a man who doesn't know how unhappy he is until he realizes that fame isn't making him any happier, that it has changed nothing. There is a series of wonderful scenes in which Basquiat, already a force in the art world, is treated as just another black man to be viewed with suspicion; in the best of them, he defiantly buys lunch for an entire table of white businessmen. But Schnabel also manages to show how absurdly easy art came to Basquiat. Indeed, when he is creating is the only time he does not seem to be suffering. Schnabel's direction and Wright's wrenching work present a sad man whose brilliance can't save him.
It is also impressive that Schnabel is savvy and confident enough to acknowledge the flaws of his own milieu, and the perceptions of the general public towards that milieu. BASQUIAT opens with a quote from Ricard about the art world's paranoia about overlooking The Next Big Thing: "Nobody wants to miss the Van Gogh boat." The battle to represent Basquiat is sometimes presented in melodramatic terms, with the artist forgetting the little people as he hits the big time, but Schnabel doesn't gloss over the cult of personality of the art world. He adds the year's second superb portrayal of Andy Warhol, with David Bowie perhaps providing even more clever detachment than Jared Harris's work in I SHOT ANDY WARHOL. Watch also for a marvelous scene in which Christopher Walken plays a journalist interviewing Basquiat, trying to bait him with subtle jabs at abstract modern art; he speaks for everyone convinced that art is an elaborate con.
There are a few clumsy moments in the structure of BASQUIAT, notably the presentation of his relationship with another aspiring artist (Claire Forlani), and the first half of the film is rather sluggishly paced. Still, for a newcomer to film, Julian Schnabel is remarkably assured. He knows his subject, and he knows the story he wants to tell. BASQUIAT is not about art as torture. It is about creation as escape, and Schnabel captures the vision of a tragic genius while refusing to diminish his life with as simplistic an epithet as "tortured artist."
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 tortured artists: 8.
-- Scott Renshaw Stanford University http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~srenshaw
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Using pudb with Behave and Fish
What is this about?
behave is a behavior-driven-development (BDD) tool for python that tests whether you have properly implemented the features you have defined in your features file(s). In their tutorial they tell you how you can set it up so that it will drop into ipdb (ipython debugger) when a test fails, but I use pudb and the fish shell (not bash) so this documents what I had to do to get it to work.
How do you do it then?
The first thing to do is create a file named environment.py in the same folder as the features file. Inside of it put the following:from distutils.util import strtobool as _boolThis is more-or-less exactly what was in the tutorial except I swapped out pudb for pdb. This code tells behave to run the pudb.post_mortem after a step is finished (a step corresponds to one of the functions you define to implement the tests) if the step failed and your shell has an environment variable named BEHAVE_DEBUG_ON_ERROR and it is set to something that strtobool recognizes as True. This is from the docstring documentation for strtobool:
import os
BEHAVE_DEBUG_ON_ERROR = _bool(os.environ.get("BEHAVE_DEBUG_ON_ERROR",
"no"))
def after_step(context, step):
if BEHAVE_DEBUG_ON_ERROR and step.status == 'failed':
import pudb
pudb.post_mortem(tb=step.exc_traceback,
e_type=None,
e_value=None)
return
The 'no' in the os.environ.get function means that it won't execute by default. To have it run you need to set the environment variable to one of the 'true' values. In fish this would be:
- distutils.util.strtobool(val)
Convert a string representation of truth to true (1) or false (0).
- True values are y, yes, t, true, on and 1
- false values are n, no, f, false, off and 0
- Raises ValueError if val is anything else.
set -x BEHAVE_DEBUG_ON_ERROR yesNow when you run behave it will drop into pudb when a test fails.
So, what then?
Using this has so far been less useful than I thought it would be, since it tends to drop me into the pyhamcrest call that failed and although I've managed to step through to the behave code I haven't managed to figure out how to get to my own code. It is still useful, though, since behave will not stop when it encounters a failed test so this makes it easier to figure out what has failed.Even though the pudb-behave combination is less exciting than I thought it would be, there were several things I learned that I want to document here for later.
Setting an environment variable in fish
To set a fish environment variable:set -x <variable> <value>And then unset it:
set -e <variable>I've done this before to set my PATH variable but for some reason when I tried to search for it this time I got some false-starts at first.


To earn the points for this extension, go back to a lab or extension you have previously completed, and refactor it using methods to eliminate code duplication.
To demo:
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.1
Chase, the Mouse, was standing still on the Standard Draw template one day, thinking about the meaning of life. All of a sudden, out of nowhere, a ball began to follow Chase. No matter where Chase went the ball would follow and pester Chase until he moved again. You will be writing the code for the ball.
This method should be very simple.
double[] tester = new double[]{.5, .5}; drawBall(tester, .2); StdDraw.show(2000);
If this draws a large ball in the middle of your template, then your drawBall() method works!
You are not simply drawing a ball at the position of the mouse. The ball should move at a constant speed towards the mouse at all times. This will require some basic geometry. However, you will not need to use any trigonometric functions. dx and dy are the distances from the ball to the mouse. The legs of the green triangle represent the x and y components of the distance the ball moves in each frame. The hypotenuse of the green triangle represents the total distance the ball moves in each frame. This is, effectively, the "speed" of the ball, distance per frame.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.2
In this extension you shall complete the functionality of a calculator. You accomplish this by creating a series of methods that use the arithmetic, String, boolean, and casting operations.
The second kind of method will be to methods, which take in some value, and cast it to the necessary type. For example:// Returns the result of adding d1 and d2. public static double addDoubles(double d1, double d2) { return d1 + d2; }
If the input makes no sense, throw an exception. For example, if someone inputs a String, converting it to an int would make no sense.// takes in an int and returns a double public static double intToDouble(int in) { return (double)in; }
So for the methodpublic static int stringToInt(String in) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); }you would throw an exception that indicates that this operation is unsupported. When you throw this exception, our code catches the exception, and sends out an error message through the GUI. You will learn more about this in future classes.
Make sure that the calculator will not crash if a user tells it to divide by zero. If a user tries to divide by zero, return zero.At ths point, and at each subsequent point of arrival, run the unit test to see if the changes you have made so far pass the test. At this point, the double tests should pass.
Again, there is a possibility that a user will divide by zero here. Do the thing detailed above.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.3
Adapted from Sit and Solve Brainteasers by Derick Niederman
One way to solve this would be to figure out a mathematical algorithm for this number of watermelons and work out the weight of each watermelon. Another would be to try all of the possible combinations of weights five watermelons until you found one that has this same set of combinations of weights. Either way you did it, the specific set of watermelons that produces these weights is
The included method, boolean sameIntArrays(int[] one, int[] two) will help you with this method. When you pass two integer arrays into sameIntArrays, it checks whether the two integer arrays contain the same elements. The order of the elements in the arrays does not matter.
For extra fun, go into the code for the Unit test, and inside the int[] genSolution() method, uncomment Listans = genIntsSlow(); and comment out Listans = genIntsFast(); . This will pass larger weights into your int[] getSolution(int[] originalSums) method, and so the computation will take longer. It could take up to a minute. This is not required, but it is a neat example of a very large computation.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.4
- This is a new extension. If you find problems with it, please let the instructor know right away. Thanks!
- Update your repos to make sure you get the code.
- For this Tic-Tac-Toe assignment, the API can be found here.
- A video showing how to navigate the documentation can be found here This form of documentation is known as Javadoc. It can be generated automatically from the /**…*/ comments that you entered into your work for this module's lab.
Your work will be done in the TicTacToe class.
It is suggested that you implement the methods in the following order:
For this assignment, when an improper input is found by methods like this, you are required to throw an IllegalArgumentException.An example of that is done for you in verifyValidPlayer, so take a look at that for guidance.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.5
Issues: Not ready, need to dictate methods, need more detail.
- Design some squares, and show examples
- Draw square (at place) given half-center, half-width, half-height
- Animate one strip of them, moving stoppig on a click
You are only taking a step towards completing slots, so read the instructions carefully so that you do not do more than you need to.This step in your implementation of the slots machine must include:
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.6
Either way, when a slot stops on a shape that shape must appear in the center of the slot, so that the user can tell which shape the slot landed on
You can write text using StdDraw.text(double xCoord, double yCoord, String string). If you want to set the font, create a new font and then set that as the fontFont f = new Font("Tahoma", Font.PLAIN, 50); StdDraw.setFont(f);Tahoma is the name of the font, Font.plain is the style, and 50 is the size of the font.
If you are going to check if the user clicked to stop the slot, check in your main() method, and pass the coordinates of the mouse (using StdDraw.mouseX() and StdDraw.mouseY()) into the method that decides which slot will stop, as opposed to finding the coordinates of the mouse in the method that you call. There is a tiny widow of time in which the user could move the mouse out of the way, which could cause you to stop the wrong slot.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.7
Issues: Not ready yet
- Dictate the methods
- Unit test them
Your goal in this extension is to create a memory matching game using StdDraw and your growing computer science knowledge. If you've never played a memory matching game before, you can find a Thomas the Tank Engine themed one here to get the general idea.
In this extension, you are going to create a matching game that uses colors rather than images. It should do the following:
Be aware that the (0,0) coordinate on the StdDraw canvas is in the lower-left corner while the [0][0] index of a double array is in the upper-left. If you store information is arrays, you want to have consistency between the way that information is stored and viewed. You can do this however you like, but it's recommended that you change the scale of the StdDraw canvas so that its coordinates match those of the double array.
In order to make this task easier for yourself, you should break the game up into parts and use several methods. Maybe you start out by creating a method to randomly generate the board of colors, then a method to draw the board, then then move on to the game itself.
In this extension, you are going to need while loops that will run indefinitely, waiting for some input from the player. You must use the StdDraw.pause(int msec) method to give your computer a break. If you don't, the computer will waste resources doing absolutely nothing. Below is some sample code to demonstrate what this looks like:
while(true) { if(StdDraw.mousePressed()) { // Do something... } StdDraw.pause(80); }
Don't forget that in order to actually run you game you will need a main method.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.8
The suggestion is therefore to reason about all currency in today's dollars. This is called present value.The ideas discussed here are widely used in economics, finanace, and accounting.
|
Friend One
This friend takes your $1 and gives you back $5 tomorrow. |
Friend Two
This friend takes your $1 and gives you back $10 in fifty years. |
Which friend is offering you the better deal?
How do we reason about the value of $10 in fifty years? We must first model how the value of money changes over time. We do this by choosing:
For this exercise, we choose a year's time, so that money changes value annually.
For this exercise, we choose 10% growth so that r = 0.1.
We then use the time value of money to compute the following:
We model this computation by the functionfutureValue(dollars, years, r) = dollars × (1.0 + r)yearsThus, $1 is the same now as $117 dollars fifty years from now.
We model this computation by computing the reverse (running time backwards) of what we computed for the future:presentValue(dollars, years, r) = dollars / (1.0 + r)yearsThus, to have $1 fifty years from now, we would have to set aside 0.854 cents (less than one cent) now.
Returning to your two friends, let's relate both friends' offers in terms of present value, and compute your profit or loss (your net result).
| Recall we assume a discount rate of 10% (r=0.10) and we regard time annually. | |
Friend One
Because your net present value from this deal is positive ($5), you would choose to take advantage of this friend's offer. |
Friend Two
Because your net present value is negative (−0.92), you would decline this friend's offer. |
In summary, you give away $100,000 and you get $120,000 back. Is this a good deal? Let's look at the returns in terms of Net Present Value (NPV):
| Year | Present Value Computation (for year 0) | Computation Result | Net Present Value | Comments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 |
|
= −$100,000.00 | −$100,000.00 | Initial investment, no return until year 1 | |||
| 1 |
|
= $9,090.91 | −90,909.09 | The Computation Result column shows the yearly return of $10,000, discounted by the rate (0.10) so it can be expressed in present (year-0) dollars | |||
| 2 |
|
= $8,264.46 | −82,644.63 | The Net Present Value column shows the cumulative gain or loss | |||
| 3 |
|
= $7,513.15 | −75,131.48 | ||||
| 4 |
|
= $6,830.13 | −68,301.35 | ||||
| 5 |
|
= $6,209.21 | −62,092.14 | ||||
| 6 |
|
= $5,644.74 | −56,447.40 | ||||
| 7 |
|
= $5,131.58 | −51,315.82 | ||||
| 8 |
|
= $4,665.07 | −46,650.75 | In present value, the $10,000 received in this year is worth less than half! | |||
| 9 |
|
= $4,240.98 | −42,409.77 | ||||
| 10 |
|
= $3,855.43 | −38,554.34 | ||||
| 11 |
|
= $3.504.94 | −35,049.40 | ||||
| 12 |
|
= $3,186.31 | −31,863.09 | At the end of 12 years, we have $120,000 but that is worth only $68,136.91 in present (year-0) dollars, with each year's $10,000 discounted to show present value. |
The NPV of the $100,000 investment is −31,863.09, which is a substantial loss. Because the NPV is negative, this is not an investment you should make.
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.9
Adapted from Sit and Solve Brainteasers by Derick Niederman
One way to solve this would be to figure out a mathematical algorithm for this number of watermelons and work out the weight of each watermelon. Another would be to try all of the possible combinations of weights five watermelons until you found one that has this same set of combinations of weights. Either way you did it, the specific set of watermelons that produces these weights is
In this extension we will introduce vectors which are defined in the vector header. Vectors work a lot like arrays with a couple very important differences. Before you start this extension, familiarize yourself with the vector class
The included method, bool sameIntArrays(vectorone, vector will help you with this method. When you pass two integer arrays into sameIntArrays, it checks whether the two integer vectors contain the same elements. The order of the elements in the arrays does not matter.two)
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.400
We strongly suggest that you proceed one method at a time through the work below, testing each time to be sure what you have written so far is correct.If you show up for help with a bunch of methods that don't work because you typed them all in before testing anything, we may not be able to help you until you clean up your code and focus on one method at a time.
sumDownBy2
with the following specification.
PARAMETERS: an integer n RETURN VALUE: the sum of the positive integers n + (n-2) + (n-4) + ... EXAMPLES: sumDownBy2(7) is 7+5+3+1 = 16 sumDownBy2(8) is 8+6+4+2 = 20 sumDownBy2(0) is 0 sumDownBy2(-1) is 0
sumDownBy2 works properly.Continue the lab in this fashion: write code, test the code, and then move forward.
harmonicSum
with the following specification.
PARAMETERS: a positive integer, n RETURN VALUE: the sum 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/(n-1) + 1/n
Warning: Think carefully about this method's return type!
geometricSum
with the following specification.
PARAMETERS: a non-negative integer, k RETURN VALUE: the sum 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... + 1/Math.pow(2,k)
multPos
that takes in two positive integers and returns their product.
PARAMETERS: positive integers j and k RETURN VALUE: the product j*k
You must accomplish this without using the multiplication operator. Use iteration and repeated addition to form the product.
mult
that takes in two integers and returns their product.
Each integer could be positive, negative, or zero.
PARAMETERS: integers j and k RETURN VALUE: the product j*k
Do this by calling your multPos method:
- Pass multPos the absolute values of j and k. It should return the product of those positive values.
- Compute this method's return value based on the result of multPos and based on the signs of j and k.
expt
with the following specification. Use repeated multiplication.
(Do not use the built-in exponentiation method.)
PARAMETERS: integers n and k, where k >= 0 RETURN VALUE: the value of n to the power k EXAMPLES: expt(3,2) is 9 expt(5,0) is 1 expt(2,5) is 32
When you done with this extension, you must be cleared by the TA to receive credit.
- Commit all your work to your repository
- Fill in the form below with the relevant information
- Have a TA check your work
- The TA should check your work and then fill in his or her name
- Click OK while the TA watches
- If you request propagation, it does not happen immediately, but should be posted in the next day or so
This demo box is for extension 5.500


Aston Martin unveils first SUV
Aston Martin has unveiled its first sports utility vehicle (SUV) in its 106-year history.
The British luxury car maker hopes the £158,000 (€184,000) DBX will boost its flagging sales.
Other specialist automotive firms such as Porsche and Lamborghini have previously enjoyed success by launching SUVs.
The DBX will be built at Aston Martin’s newly built factory in St Athan, South Wales.
The firm described its first full-size five-seat vehicle as being “extremely adaptable to a wide variety of lifestyle needs and owners”.
It offers “equal space and comfort” for passengers in the front and rear, with “class-leading” headroom and legroom.
The vehicle has a top speed of 191mph and can accelerate from 0 to 62mph in 4.5 seconds.
Aston Martin Lagonda president and group chief executive Dr Andy Palmer said: “I can’t emphasise enough how incredibly exciting and significant DBX is for Aston Martin.
“Through its development alone, this beautiful SUV has already taken the company into new territories and in inspiring directions.”
He went on: “This is a real landmark for this great British brand and I promise that DBX will reward all who experience it in their everyday lives.”
The DBX is on sale from Wednesday, with the first deliveries scheduled for spring 2020.
Earlier this month Aston Martin reported a £92.3m pre-tax loss for the past three quarters as sales volumes slid on “tough trading conditions” in the UK and Europe.
The company blamed falling sales in the UK and Europe as well as weak demand for its entry-level Vantage sports car.
READ MORE
Australian universities distance themselves from Prince Andrew


${recipient_account_rdfi_name} returned the ${redeem_amount} you sent. It has been restored to your wallet.
${sender_transfer_url}


{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block page_title %}{% if errors %}{{ _('Errors in your idea') }} | {% endif %}{{ _('Create submission') }} | {% endblock %}
{% block page_id %}create_submission{% endblock %}
{% block section_class %}entries{% endblock %}
{% block alerts %}
{% if error_count %}
You have {{ count }} error in your application. Please correct this before you can submit an idea. You have {{ count }} errors in your application. Please correct this before you can submit an idea.
{{ _("Congratulations! You've taken the first step towards making the world, and the internet, a better place. Fill out the form below to get started in the Mozilla Ignite Challenge.") }}
{% endblock %}* means a required field
{% endblock %}


Deployment of COSMO to OSM¶
First, source the admin spack instance:
Specify the release tag which you want to deploy, with which eccodes definitions version you want to deploy it and the installations paths of both cosmo and eccodes (always precise the tag, the compiler and the compiler version!). For example: .. code-block:: bash
COSMO_SPEC=”cosmo<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+pollen real_type=float cosmo_target=gpu +gt1 +production +claw +eccodes<EMAIL_ADDRESS>./project/g110/spack-mch/tsa/spack-mch/tools/osm/extract_env.py -s $COSMO_SPEC -i <cosmo_installation_dir> -j <eccodes_installation_dir>
This script is then installing both the tagged cosmo under <cosmo_installation_dir>/bin and eccodes under the given installations directories <eccodes_installation_dir>. A run-env file used to launch cosmo is also installed under the given cosmo install directory and is directly sourceable:


--- layout: post author: Guganeshan.T authorname: Guganeshan.T title: Coderetreat Sri Lanka - 2012 preview: Here's a rare opportunity to be part of the first Coderetreat event in Sri Lanka... ---
Here's a rare opportunity to be part of the first Coderetreat event in Sri Lanka...
Johannes Brodwall, Chief Scientist at Steria will be here in the island for the 1st Coderetreat event in Sri Lanka.
During a Coderetreat, developers work together on a single piece of code, over and over, with different partners, to experiment with each other on different styles, put proper coding practices to use, and learn from each other.
This free event which will be held in Hotel Galadari on June 2nd from 08:30 a.m to 05:00 p.m is only for limited participants.
For more information, visit: http://www.coderetreat.lk/
and: http://coderetreat.org/events/coderetreat-sri-lanka
The Coderetreat is an intensely technical and social event that will give you better skills, new energy for your job and a fun experience - Johannes Brodwall


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title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive
permalink: 113488general/20463uniformaddgroupvstopologicaladdgroup.html
---
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QUESTION #1
Which uAdmin function prints to the log?
QUESTION #2
What are the six different types of tags in the Trail function?
QUESTION #3
What is the pattern/structure in creating a Trail function?
QUESTION #4
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ OK] Your payment has been successfully processed.
QUESTION #5
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ WARNING] The typhoon is coming!
QUESTION #6
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ DEBUG] Validating... 12 25 36
QUESTION #7
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ INFO] Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
QUESTION #8
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ ERROR] Invalid password!!!!
QUESTION #9
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ WORKING] Working on 3/5
QUESTION #10
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ DEBUG] Calculating results... 13
[ DEBUG] Calculating results... 26
[ DEBUG] Calculating results... 39
QUESTION #11
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ WARNING] The game begins in 3
[ WARNING] 2
[ WARNING] 1
QUESTION #12
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ INFO] China, Japan, Philippines, and Russia are countries in Asia.
QUESTION #13
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ OK] You may now proceed to the gym 2019.
QUESTION #14
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ INFO] The countdown begins in
[ DEBUG] 10
[ DEBUG] 9
[ DEBUG] 8
[ DEBUG] 7
[ DEBUG] 6
[ DEBUG] 5
[ DEBUG] 4
[ DEBUG] 3
[ DEBUG] 2
[ DEBUG] 1
QUESTION #15
Which of the following will print the result as shown below?
[ INFO] Printing all types of tags
[ DEBUG] DEBUG
[ WORKING] WORKING
[ INFO] INFO
[ OK] OK
[ WARNING] WARNING
[ ERROR] ERROR


What are three new things you have learned about yourself and your ego as a result of the core learning?
Three new things I’ve learnt about myself are that I need to keep a timer to remember to take breaks, that I’m way more of a night owl then I thought and I’m easily distracted.
What are the roles of values, empathy and self awareness in learning and programming?
They are all very Important in learning and programming. Values, empathy and self awareness dictate how you learn and how you treat those you interact as values and empathy can coincide with your learning style and self awareness is just how aware you are of yourself they all work together in everyday life but also in how you learn.
What has surprised you the most about core learning?
Neuroplasticity and mindset growth is the core lesson that surprised me the most as I didn’t really know anything about them and found them the most interesting as they taught more about that anyone can learn anything as long as they put the work in which I've always thought so that was interesting to learn about.
What were the most challenging aspects of the core learning?
I didn’t find the core all that challenging. It was more learning something then reflecting how you understand it which was very interesting. I didn't find all that challenging and then added in explaining to others when we got to looping.
Why do you think we, a programming school, are spending so much time focusing on core learning in a web development bootcamp course?
Because core skills are important no matter the field and it doesn’t matter if you're the best in your field if you can’t work or talk to someone and in programming you do need to communicate with people.
Does the time you spent studying core learning here feel like a waste of time? Should you have just used that time to practise programming instead? Justify your answer.
No it's not a waste. It does feel important to learn as well as offer us a break from coding. It's a great way to insert a little break from practice as well as teaching us more about ourselves and how to look more critically at ourselves so that we can understand our own strengths and weaknesses.


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Men Cry Bullets * * 1/2 (out of * * * * )
Directed by Tamara Hernandez. Cast: Steven Nelson, Honey Lauren, Jeri Ryan, Harry Ralston, Michael Mangiamele, Bob Sherer, Sabrina Bertaccini, Trish Elliot, Hugh Bogan, Fred Kenyon, Edith Shatz. 1999 - 106 minutes (Opens in 8/99). Not Rated (equivalent of an R for violence, profanity, gore, nudity, and sexual situations). Reviewed July 12, 1999.
Independent director Tamara Hernandez's feature film debut, "Men Cry Bullets," is a quite provocative piece of work for one reason: in telling the story of a physically and emotionally abusive, love-hate relationship, it turns the cliche on its head by making a gender-swith and having the female as the dominant, forceful one, and the male as the passive, sensitive one.
"By reversing the genders in the film and showing the victim as a weak man and the abuser as a violent woman," speaks Hernandez, "I tried to express to men what it feels like to be a vulnerable girl, and to shed fresh light on the seductively insidious nature of abusive recognizable brutes." This potential gimmick ultimately works well in the finished product of Hernandez's film, and is ably equipped to encompass such a thing in order to create a believable story that, as in many abusive relationships, is headed for tragedy.
The film begins on the night of the innocuous, young Billy's (Steven Nelson) first performance in a club, posing as a drag queen. Dressed as his late mother (in flashbacks to his childhood, we see the abuse she took from his unstable father), Billy goes onstage and starts to hit it off until he is humiliated by the precarious, loudmouthed 33-year-old writer, Gloria Hunter (Honey Lauren), who assaults him when her boyfriend gets up on the stage to dance with him. Somehow drawn to Gloria, even after experiencing her juvenile ways, Billy goes to see her at her home, where she still lives with her parents and has a pig that she calls her child. Gloria half apologizes to him, she gets him to fix her breakfast, and then while out in the shed, she rapes him. Horrified and upset, Billy nonetheless begins an infatuation with her, and for brief, isolated moments, they appear to be a happy couple. Things grow more complicated with the appearance of Gloria's debutante cousin, Lydia (Jeri Ryan), a beautiful blonde who gradually forms the final part of a love triangle destined for failure and affliction.
"Men Cry Bullets" is an involving dark comedy-drama that, occasionally, is at least a little too offbeat and odd by a half, particularly in the final half-hour, which includes a drunken, fantasy-like three-way sex scene, a potential poisioning, and murder. The ending is especially unsatisfying, bringing the conflict to a close but, at the exact same time, creating new, more complicated problems that are never explored before the end credits roll.
For the first 70 minutes, however, the film works wonderfully, particularly due to Honey Lauren's dazzling performance. As the venemous, wicked Gloria, she adds unexpected dimension to the "villain" role by making her an alternately spiteful and likable woman. At times, when Gloria is not exploding into fits of rage, we are able to half understand her position. After all, she is edging into her mid-30s, still lives at home, does not have anyone to love except her pig, and is seeing a psychiatrist. It is also apparent that she respects her parents but, simply put, she is nothing but a child inside, albeit a dangeous one.
Steven Nelson has the right looks to be believable as Billy, an innocent man who also is often childish and haunted by his past, but unlike Gloria, keeps his feelings bottled up inside rather than taking them out on others. The problem with Nelson is that, in comparison to Lauren, he does not captivate the viewer as he should, nor did he really make me care for him. Oddly enough, I did care about the fate of Gloria, most likely because she was a more easily identifiable and multi-layered character.
Rounding out the three principles is Jeri Ryan (of TV's "Star Trek: Voyager") as the southern belle, Lydia. Ryan is often very funny, and runs with her flightly, unconciously egotistic lines of dialogue. The key to Lydia not turning into a stuck-up, dispicable character is that she really does care for her cousin, Gloria, and even admires her for her forthrightness. When Billy and Lydia become friends, and he starts to understand that he needs to say goodbye to his relationship with Gloria, Lydia makes a kind-hearted offer for him to come back with her when she returns to her southern home. Ryan is the most well-centered character of the three, and therefore, somewhat helps to keep the film from flying completely off the deep end in the over-the-top penultimate sequences.
"Men Cry Bullets" is a flawed motion picture, and yet it works despite its many problems. Digging underneath the surface, the film is basically about two unhappy people (Billy and Gloria) who have their own sets of serious problems and are both lonely individuals, but whose wildly diverse personalities do not mix, no matter how hard they try. Writer-director Hernandez is a promising talent who sometimes needlessly gets a little arty (such as pointlessly intermixing color and black-and-white photography), and who loses track of her realistic focus in the latter half, but never condescends to the characters or the audience. "Men With Bullets" is a tough, if uneven film, perfectly admirable for a first film from a new director, but something tells me Hernandez has stronger, more balanced stories to tell in the future, and those will be greatly anticipated by myself.
- Copyright 1999 by Dustin Putman Http://hometown.aol.com/FilmFan16/index.html
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int6kf(1) Qualcomm Atheros Open Powerline Toolkit int6kf(1) NAME int6kf - INT6300 Flash Utility for Linux SYNOPSIS int6kf [options] -C file -N file -P file DESCRIPTION This program is deprecated. Use int6kboot when downloading firmware 3.3.4 or later on INT6300 devices or later. Download and start runtime firmware on a local Atheros powerline device that is in bootloader mode. A device stays in bootloader mode when it cannot load firmware from NVRAM. That can happen because there is no NVRAM or because the NVRAM is blank or corrupted. The bootloader only understands a subset of Atheros message types and cannot flash NVRAM. This program uses that subset to download runtime firmware and start execution. Optionally, it will proceed to flash NVRAM after the firmware has started. Booting a device is a two part operation. The first part downloads SDRAM configuration parameters then download runtime firmware and parameters into SDRAM and starts the firmware. The second part downloads runtime firmare and parameters (again) into scratch buffers and instructs the firmware to write them into to NVRAM. This program can perform the first part alone or the first then the second part but not the second part alone. The second part can be performed alone using program int6k. This program is part of the Atheros Powerline Toolkit. See the AMP man page for compilation and installation instruc‐ tions. OPTIONS -a Wait until device sends a VS_HOST_ACTION.IND before downloading SDRAM configuration, firmware and PIB. -C filename Read the named SDRAM configuration file and write it to the device. This option and argument are required. Any file having an invalid SDRAM configuration file format will be rejected. No assumptions are made based on file‐ name and no filename conventions are enforced. -e Redirects stderr messages to stdout. By convention status and error messages are printed on stderr while primary program output is printed on stdout. This option prints all output on stdout in cases where this is desired. -F[F] Write previously downloaded MAC and PIB to NVRAM using VS_MOD_NVM. Adding a second F here or another -F anywhere on the command line will force-flash a blank or corrupted NVRAM. Firmware loaded from NVRAM will treat force- flash as an error. This option can be used to create factory settings but cannot be used to change them once cre‐ ated. Subsequent use creates and updates operational settings that can be erased using a factory reset. This option is executed after all others on the command line, except for the -R option. -i interface Select the host Ethernet interface. All requests are sent via this interface and only reponses received via this interface are recognized. The default interface is eth1 because most people use eth0 as their principle network connection; however, if environment string "PLC" is defined then it takes precedence over the default interface. This option then takes precedence over either default. -N filename Read the named NVM file and write it to the device. This option and argument are required. Any file having an invalid NVM file format will be rejected. No assumptions are made based on filename and no filename conventions are enforced. -P filename Read the named PIB file and write it to the device. This option and argument are required. Any file having an invalid PIB file format will be rejected. No assumptions are made based on filename and no filename conventions are enforced. -q Suppresses status messages on stderr. -t timer Read timeout or capture period in milliseconds. Values range from 0 through UINT_MAX. This value has different effects on Linux and Windows. On Linux, where native raw sockets are used, this is the maximum time allowed for a response and so larger values should not affect performance. On Windows, where WinPcap is used, this is the time allotted for packet capture and so larger values will certainly affect performance. The default is shown in brackets on the program menu. -v Prints additional information on stdout. In particular, this option dumps outgoing Ethernet packets on stdout. -?,--help Print program help summary on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. -!,--version Print program version information on stdout. This option takes precedence over other options on the command line. Use this option when sending screen dumps to Atheros Technical Support so that they know exactly which version of the Linux Toolkit you are using. ARGUMENTS None. REFERENCES See the Atheros HomePlug AV Firmware Technical Reference Manual for more information. EXAMPLES The -C, -N and -P options are always required. Their order is not important. Notice that no MAC address is needed because devices use address 00:B0:52:00:00:01, the program default address, when in bootloader mode. int6kf -C test.cfg -N test.nvm -P test.pib > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write SDRAM Configuration > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Start Firmware > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Started. Downloads SDRAM configuration file test.cfg with VS_SET_SDRAM then firmware from file test.nvm with VS_WR_MEM then PIB from file test.pib then starts firmware execution with VS_ST_MAC. This operation is common on flash-less systems. int6kf -C test.cfg -N test.nvm -P test.pib -F > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write SDRAM Configuration > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write to device memory > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Start Firmware > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Started. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write MAC as module > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Write PIB as module > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Written. > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Flash Device > eth0 00:B0:52:00:00:01 Flashed. Perform the same actions as before with some extra steps. After starting firmware execution, the same firmware and PIB are downloaded again, using VS_WR_MOD instead of VS_WR_MEM, and written to NVRAM using VS_MOD_NVM with force. The force option is only recognized by firmware that has been started by the bootloader and will fail when no flash memory is present. DISCLAIMER Atheros HomePlug AV Vendor Specific Management Message Entry structure and content is proprietary to Atheros Communica‐ tions, Ocala FL USA. Consequently, public information may not be available. Atheros Communications reserves the right to modify message structure and content in future firmware releases without any obligation to notify or compensate users of this program. SEE ALSO AMP(1), int6k(1), int6kid(1), int6krate(1), int6kwait(1) CREDITS Charles Maier<EMAIL_ADDRESS>open-plc-utils-0.0.3 November 2013 int6kf(1)


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A full stack application using React for the front-end and Node, Express and Postgres as the backend. Users can register or login to the application where they can upload a photo and it'll detect human faces on that photo.
This project was created with ReactJS on the front-end with custom hooks, Framer Motion for animations and Firebase on the back-end. It's a single page application where you can upload photos from your device/computer and displays the image to the page in a grid layout similar to Instagram. You can also click on the photo uploaded to get a full view of the image.
A fully functional eCommerce application using ReactJS, React Hooks, React Router, Material UI for styling, commerce.js and Stripe for card transactions. You're able to add or remove items to your cart, go through checkout and fill in the shipping information and enter your card info for the transaction. Use the the number 42 to enter all card number info.
This is a react application which fetches live data from an API using Async/Await syntax. It displays covid-19 cases from around the world such as covid-19 related deaths, infected and recovered patients. This application impliments React Hooks, Charts.js for the graphs/charts displayed and material UI for styling.
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