{% extends 'portfolio/base.html' %}
{% block content %}
Hello! I'm a computer engineering graduate student at the New York University with a history of utilizing programming skills to solve complex engineering problems in software development. Working & academic knowledge and experience in data structure, algorithms, database, network, cloud computing, etc. Zibo Zhang
{{ project.description|truncatechars:100 }}


Give Diane Walker a call<PHONE_NUMBER>
Or send her an email
Corporate office: 124 Bares Creek Cincinnati, OH 45140


Predefined global variables
bds provides some predefined variables.
Whenever you run a bds program you have several predefined variables:
| Variable name | Meaning |
|---|---|
bool allowEmpty=false |
Default values for task . If true, empty files are allowed in task's outputs. This means that a task producing empty files does not result in program termination and checkpointing. |
'string[] args| Arguments used to invoke the program, i.e. all command line options after program name ( bds [options] prog.bds args ...`). |
|
bool canFail=false |
Default values for task . If true, a task is allowed to fail. This means that a failed task execution does not result in program termination and checkpointing. |
int cpus=1 |
Default values for task . Number of CPU (cores) used by the process. |
int cpusLocal |
Number of cores in the computer running the script |
int mem=0 |
Default values for task . Maximum amount of memory in bytes used by the process (0 means no restrictions or use cluster default) |
string node |
Default values for task . If possible this task should be executed on a particular cluster node. This option is only used for cluster systems and ignored on any other systems. |
string ppwd |
Canonical (physical) path to directory where the program is being executed. |
string programName |
The program's name |
string programPath |
The program's path |
int programPid |
The program's process ID (Unix PID ) |
string queue |
Default values for task . Queue name of preferred execution queue (only for cluster systems). |
int retry=0 |
Default values for task . Number of times a task can be re-executed until it's considered failed. |
string system |
Default values for task . System type to execute tasks (e.g. local , sge , slurm , aws , etc.) |
string taskName |
Default values for task . Assign a task name. This adds a label to the task as well as the taskId returned by task expression. Task ID is used to create log files related to the task (shell script, STDOUT, STDERR and exitCode files) so those file names are also changed. This makes it easier to find tasks in the final report and log files (it has no effect other than that). Note: If taskName contains non-allowed characters, they are sanitized (replaced by _ ). |
int timeout=0 |
Default values for task . Time in seconds that a task is allowed to execute (e.g. when running on a cluster). Ignored if zero or less. If process runs more than timeout seconds, it is killed. Zero means no limit. |
int walltimeout=0 |
Default values for task . Time in seconds since the task is dispatched to the processing environment. E.g. in busy clusters a task can spend a long time being scheduled (cluster's PENDING state) until the task is run (cluster's RUNNING state), walltimeout limits the sum of those times (as oposed to timeout that only limits the RUNNIG state time). Zero means no limit. |
| Environment variables | All shell environment variables at the moment of invocation (e.g. HOME , PWD , etc.) |
int K, M, G, T, P |
Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta (2^10, 2^20, 2^30, 2^40 and 2^50 respectively) |
real E, PI |
Euler's constant (2.718281...) and Pi (3.1415927...) |
int minute, hour, day, week |
Number of seconds in a minute, hour, day and week respectively |


Melania Trump’s Facial Expression Sets Twitter on Fire as Donald Gave ‘Awkward Hug’ to Someone Else
President Trump gave a dramatic hug to MAGA-cap wearing Washington Nationals player Kurt Suzuki, who came to the White House on Wednesday after his team’s first World Series baseball title win.
The president's wife, Melania Trump, appeared embarrassed after her husband gave Suzuki an "awkward hug" at the White House after the Washington Nationals won their first World Series.
The Washington Nationals baseball team won the World Series after a heated game Game 7 against the Houston Astros ended with a score of 6-2, becoming the the first Washington team to win the title since 1924.
Suzuki put a MAGA (for Make America Great Again) cap on his head when invited to speak. At that moment, Trump hugged him from behind while Suzuki was raising both of his hands to the crowd, as Trump mouthed: "I love him".
Although FLOTUS started clapping along with the others, her facial expression turned into a viral topic on Twitter.
Most Twitterians started to make jokes about the hug POTUS gave to the Washington Nationals player.


“Ah! what a beautiful idea occurs to me at this point! Once, on the hustings at Liverpool, I saw a mob orator, whose brawling mouth, open to its widest expansion, suddenly some larking sailor, by the most dexterous of shots, plugged up with a paving-stone. Here, now, at Valladolid was another mouth that equally required plugging. What a pity, then, that some gay brother page of Kate's had not been there to turn aside into the room, armed with a roasted potato, and, taking a sportsman's aim, to have lodged it in the crocodile's abominable mouth! Yet, what an anachronism! There were no roasted potatoes in Spain at that date (1608), which can be apodeictically proved, because in Spain there were no potatoes at all, and very few in England. But anger drives a man to say anything.”
Thomas De Quincey, The Spanish Military Nun (1854)


except IOError as error:
// if the GoPiGo3 is not reachable
// then exit the program
print(str(error))
kb.join()
successful_exit = False
break
// if result is equal to "exit"
// then exit the program
period = 1 / refresh_rate
// if nothing is captured in [period] seconds
// then send() function returns None
key = input_generator.send(period)
// if we"ve captured something from the keyboard
if key is not None:
result = gopigo3.executeKeyboardJob(key)


| (A) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 1209 | (C) | And was in haste hadde a-weye . howe wyste þey neuur |
| 1191 | (D) | And was in hast had a-wey how wist y neuerr |
| 1168 | (E) | & was anon y-bore awey . but hoow no man wyste . |
| (Ex) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 1230 | (L) | & haplich was had a-way how wyst I neuere |
| (P) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 1176 | (U) | And was in hast had awey / how no man wyst |
| (V) | ---- no text ---- |


50,000 migrants expelled from Istanbul since July
ISTANBUL: Turkey said on Friday (Nov 15) it had expelled close to 50,000 migrants from Istanbul, including more than 6,000 Syrians, since the start of a crackdown on undocumented immigration.
The Istanbul governor's office said 42,888 "illegal" migrants had been arrested and sent to repatriation centres with a view to removing them from Turkey, without giving their nationalities.
It said 6,416 Syrians had been placed in "temporary refuge centres".
A campaign from July through to the end of October was aimed at reducing the number of unregistered refugees in Turkey's biggest city and economic hub.
The country hosts some 3.6 million Syrian refugees - more than any other country - though technically they are only under "temporary protection" because the government does not offer them formal refugee status.
Under the system, they must stay in the province to which they were initially assigned, and can only visit other cities with short-term passes.
Officials said in July that 547,000 Syrians were officially registered in Istanbul, and that no new registrations were being accepted.
Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu said at the time that the aim was to expel 80,000 undocumented migrants by the end of the year.
Turkey has faced limited social problems despite the refugee influx from the eight-year conflict in its southern neighbour.
But an economic downturn has sharpened tensions, and analysts say the refugee issue likely contributed to the ruling party's surprise defeat in the Istanbul mayoral election this year.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has sought to defuse the issue with plans to create a "safe zone" in northern Syria to which refugees can return, though rights groups have cast doubt on the feasibility of the plan.
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International are among several groups to accuse Turkey of repatriating Syrian refugees against their will - which the government has denied.


|
s2n-doxygen-full
|
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/aes.h>
#include <openssl/rc4.h>
#include <openssl/des.h>
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#include "crypto/s2n_crypto.h"
#include "utils/s2n_blob.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Data Structures | |
| struct | s2n_session_key |
| struct | s2n_stream_cipher |
| struct | s2n_cbc_cipher |
| struct | s2n_aead_cipher |
| struct | s2n_cipher |
Variables | |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_null_cipher |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_rc4 |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_aes128 |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_aes256 |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_3des |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_aes128_gcm |
| struct s2n_cipher | s2n_aes256_gcm |
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_null_cipher |
Definition at line 50 of file s2n_stream_cipher_null.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_rc4 |
Definition at line 47 of file s2n_stream_cipher_rc4.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_aes128 |
Definition at line 112 of file s2n_cbc_cipher_aes.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_aes256 |
Definition at line 126 of file s2n_cbc_cipher_aes.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_3des |
Definition at line 93 of file s2n_cbc_cipher_3des.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_aes128_gcm |
Definition at line 168 of file s2n_aead_cipher_aes_gcm.c.
| struct s2n_cipher s2n_aes256_gcm |
Definition at line 183 of file s2n_aead_cipher_aes_gcm.c.


{# Copyright (c) 2014 Kevin Bell. All rights reserved. #} {# See the file LICENSE.txt for copying permission. #} {% load staticfiles %}


{%- include letter_banner.html -%}
{%- include header.html -%}
{%- include hero.html -%}
{%- include video_section.html -%}
{%- include letter_section.html -%}
{%- include problems_section.html -%}
{%- include take_action.html -%}
{%- include events_section.html -%}
{%- include organizations_section.html -%}
{%- include coalition_section.html -%}


Kerala, a state on India's tropical Malabar Coast, has nearly 600km of Arabian Sea shoreline. It's known for its palm-lined beaches and backwaters, a network of canals. Inland are the Western Ghats, mountains whose slopes support tea, coffee and spice plantations as well as wildlife. National parks like Eravikulam and Periyar, plus Wayanad and other sanctuaries, are home to elephants, langur monkeys and tigers
Lush green tea plantations, serene winding backwaters and spice plantations are a few features that define Kerala as one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Popular as ‘God’s Own Country’ Kerala is a haven for travellers who come here to unwind in the salubrious climes, away from the concrete jungle. In a state where the topography ranges from cool hills to balmy sea beaches, Kerala is a sight for sore eyes.


[[${artwork.name}]]
Description:
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by [[${artwork.artist.name}]]
Artist
information
Price: [[${artwork.price}]] BGN
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The last time we visited St. Lucia, Rodney Bay, we climbed to
the top of Pigeon Island, which is a state park, and viewed the
fort that was on both peaks. The lower peak has a bit more
of the fort remaining but the view from both peaks was worth the
walk. This time when we at the anchorage two other boats
and several kids joined in the hike. Derek found a flag
pole to climb, the peaks were not tall enough I guess. One
of the parents also gave lemon grass blowing lessons, the kids
became very proficient at it.
We had not yet enjoyed the adventure of zip lining, but agreed to
go with "Pollux",; the boat we are traveling with. "Pollux" has 3 boys
all around Derek's age. So off we go up into the Rain
Forest of St. Lucia to try out 9 different zip lines and mingle
with the tops of the trees. After getting outfitted with
hair nets, helmets, and harnesses we were set.
There was a tram ride we took to the top of the mountain and
from there a short walk to our first platform. We had
eight in our party and two guides who hooked us up at each
platform and then unhooked us after our zipping. Each
platform was in a tree top and you kind of forgot how high up
you were. We did not have any rain to deal with, lucky
timing, and the weather was warm but not too hot, over all very
enjoyable.
Thanksgiving also came while we were anchored at St. Lucia.
Not much of a celebration when we were the only USA boat around.
Kris did make an apple pie, Dean made a pumpkin pie and we had
ham and mashed potatoes for dinner. Derek did not seem to
mind that no other boats were celebrating, more pie for him.
We are planning on meeting up with several other boats to
celebrate Christmas.
On Sunday 12/1 we headed north to Martinique, Le Marin.
That was after filling up with diesel and having Kris work on
the starboard engine, unexpectedly it would not start and so she
had to trouble shoot it and fix it. As you can see in the
picture both Derek and Sam had a restful trip even though the
seas were a bit rough in the beginning of the trip.
12/02/13: Pigeon Island St. Lucia and Zip lines
Side view of Pigeon Island. |
One of the cannons and view from the top. |
Extra climbing for Derek. |
Lemon grass blowing instructions. |
Taking a break at the top of the hill |
|
Hair nets for a zip line |
All decked out to go |
Derek zipping along
|
In the tree top clipped in for safety |
Click here to see a video of riding a zip
line
|
Sailing is tough work |
| |
|
| |
|


genish.js
is basically a compiler; it takes JavaScript defining a synthesis algorithm and creates an optimized version of it. It uses many tricks to optimize, such as managing its own memory for faster de-referencing and baking data into the callback whenever possible to avoid de-referencing altogether. Most importantly, it is optimized for per-sample processing, enabling a variety of forms of synthesis that aren't possible using the block-based audio API included in browsers. The major tradeoff with per-sample processing is efficiency, which is why an optimized library like genish.js
becomes necessary.
This tutorial is designed to be reasonably accessible for people who haven't done much audio synthesis / DSP. In addition to showing how to create algorithms like FM synthesis, I'll also explain the terminology associated with it. In the end I hope it's a good introduction to both the basics of creating oscillators, performing modulation, and using feedback in addition to an introduction to using genish.js
specifically. The tutorial also handles some of the gruntwork of getting an audio callback in browser for you, and provides a convenience method, play()
, that automatically turns a graph of ugens into an audio callback and runs it. In this way it's similar to the genish.js
playground. The end of the tutorial will cover how to use genish.js
outside the tutorial in your own projects.
Before we get started, here's what we'll build: a FM synthesizer that creates a gong sound. But we'll start from the ground up, including how to build oscillators, how to add interactivity, and most importantly how to use single-sample feedback loops, which enables synthesis techniques that aren't possible using the nodes of the WebAudio API. The example below plays our final gong sound:
In the world of digital audio, audio signals are expected to contain a certain number of values per second; these values are often called samples and the number of samples per second contained in a signal is known as the sampling frequency[1]. Most of our work in genish.js
will be creating objects called unit generators, a term coined by Max Mathews for his language Music V [2]. In genish.js
unit generators (aka ugens) will output samples one at a time at a rate equal to the sample frequency. By chaining unit generators together we can create complex synthesis objects.
One of the simplest ugens in genish.js
is the accumulator, or accum()
; this ugen simply increments an internal value. acuum
accepts two inputs that can be freely changed at audio-rate: the first is the increment amount, and the second is a flag that the internal value should be reset. We can test this using the code below, just press the "RUN" button three times to view each successive call to the generated function:
The gen.createCallback
method accepts a ugen ( which may contain references to many other ugens... in this case we call it a graph, where each ugen is a node) and returns a function that can be executed. When we call that function above, we see a number that gradually increases by .1. However, if you execute the callback more than ten times, you'll notice that it wraps down to 0
. The accum
ugen has min
and max
properties that can be set only on initialization[3]; by default these wrap the internally stored value to a range of {0,1}. To change these properties, we can pass a dictionary of properties as our third argument to accum
. See the results by hitting the "RUN" button below four times.
Synthesis algorithms producing musical sound typically create repeating (or periodic) signals; non-periodic signals often are perceived as noisy. The number of times per second that a given signal repeats determines its frequency, which roughly corresponds perceptually to the pitch of a sound. One type of unit generator that easily generates a repeating signal is our previously mentioned accumulator, which increments a value until it reaches a certain specified maximum, at which point the value loops back to its specified minimum and the process starts all over again. By default, accumulators in genish.js
loop between {0,1}.
Let's assume we want to create a unit generator running at 440 Hz, the traditional tuning frequency used by Western orchestras. If we want our accumulator to repeat moving between {0,1} 440 times per second, first we need to know how many samples per second our audio signal is operating at. We can access this using gen.samplerate
. On most systems this will return a value of 44100
, the sampling-rate used for CD quality audio, but if you have an audio interface connected to your computer you might get a higher value.
Now that we know the sampling rate and the frequency we want to use for our unit generator, we can easily figure out how much our accumulator should increment its internal value per sample: 440 / gen.samplerate
. In the genish.js
playground we can create an accumulator and run it as follows:
With a typical sampling rate of 44100 Hz, our accum
will increment ~0.009977 per sample (440 / 44100). Hit the 'run' button beneath the code sample to start playback. The play()
function in the above code example is specific to this tutorial (as well as the genish.js playground) and accepts one argument, a unit generator that it will use to render audio samples to your computer's digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Behind the scenes, play()
triggers a call to gen.createCallback()
which we saw earlier; the resulting function is then placed into a loop that routes the generated output to the DAC. Let's replace our number with a variable, frequency
.
Try changing the value of frequency
and re-executing the code. Note that higher values result in higher pitches and vice-versa. Also note that whenever you re-run a call to play()
, the existing audio is terminated and replaced with the output of the new unit generator that is created.
At this point you might wonder: what does the code that genish.js
compiles look like? Let's take a look at our last example, play( accum( 440/gen.samplerate ) )
to get an idea. For larger graphs the output code is quite complex, but we should be able to follow along with this simple example with a little explanation. If you don't care about understanding the compiled output (and for the vast majority of use cases there's no need to understand it) feel free to skip on down to the next section of the tutorial. You'll also need to be reasonably comfortable with JavaScript to follow this part.
Here's the output function generated by our accum[4]:
function gen( ){
'use strict'
var memory = gen.memory
var accum1_value = memory[0];
memory[0] += 0.009977324263038548
if( memory[0] >= 1 ) memory[0] -= 1
if( memory[0] < 0 ) memory[0] += 1
gen.out[0] = accum1_value
return gen.out[0]
}
Let's break this down line by line:
function gen() {
: Here we create a named function. We've stored pieces of information as properties of our named function that we need to access inside of it. The first, gen.memory
, holds all the memory used in the callback. This includes the current phase of accumulators, wavetables used by oscillators, audiofiles after they've been decoded, and many other types of synthesis data. The second, gen.out
, is any array that holds the output of our function. For stereo graphs this will contain two values; in this mono example we populate it with a single value.
'use strict'
: This tells the JavaScript compiler (as opposed to the genish.js compiler) that our function will use best JS practices, which can improve performance.
var memory = gen.memory
: Here we de-reference our gen.memory
variable (which is accessed quite frequently, especially in larger graphs) to a locally scoped variable to make it quicker to access.
var accum1_value = memory[0];
: Each ugen we create as an assigned index in the global memory pool (gen.memory
) where it stores / accesses data. In this case, since our accum
is the first (and only) ugen created, it receives an index of 0
. This line of code reads the current value (aka phase) of our accumulator from this memory location and stores it for future use in our callback inside of accum1_value
.
memory[0] += 0.009977324263038548
: Now that we've read our accumulator and stored the result, we increment its phase and write the result into our accums assigned memory location. This means the updated number will be available the next time our named gen
function is called.
if( memory[0] >= 1 ) memory[0] -= 1
: This is the first half of our wrap. If our accum
phase gets above 1
, subtract 1
to wrap the value back down to the specified min
property of our accum
(default 0
). Note that it does not wrap directly to our min
; for example, if our current phase exceeds our max
property by .1, the phase will subsequently be wrapped to .1
higher than the value of our min
property. (for example: 1.1 - 1 = .1).
if( memory[0] < 0 ) memory[0] += 1
: The second half our wrap, checking to see if we've passed the lower bound determined by the min
property. Note that for this particular example, this check is not necessary, as there's no way the phase will ever drop below 0
... this means I should remove that line from the compiler output for optimization purposes. But it's in there at the moment, silently wasting CPU :(
gen.out[0] = accum1_value
: We mentioned before that gen.out
is an array storing our callback's final output. Here we're assigning the value we read back in step 4. Note that we're using the value obtained before we increment our phase. This means that the first time the function runs, the output will be 0
instead of 0.009977324263038548.
return gen.out[0]
: For stereo callbacks we would return gen.out
, instead of our 0
index. But here we're in mono so we're only returning the one value. Potentially this could be optimized to account for this and avoid the use of gen.out
altogether for mono graphs.
I hope this gives you some idea of what the output of the compilation looks like. The genish.js playground will show you many more examples of compiled functions if you're interested in looking at more.
It turns out that creating a line between two values and specifying its frequency is a pretty common task in audio synthesis. There's a dedicated unit generator for this, the phasor. The following two lines of code generate functions that are almost, but not quite, equivalent in genish.js
:
ramp = accum( 440 / gen.samplerate )
ramp = phasor( 440 )
The one significant difference is that, by default, accum
outputs values in the range of {0,1} while phasor
outputs a full-range audio signal of {-1,1}. If you compare the two (by wrapping each in calls to play) you'll notice that the phasor
example is noticeably louder than the function generated using accum
. phasor
is basically a sawtooth oscillator, one of the most common oscillators used in subtractive synthesis. We can also easily generate a "reverse sawtooth":
An oscillator signal in reverse sounds more or less identical to their forward counterpart when driven at higher frequencies; however, they can produce dramatic differences when used to modulate other oscillators at lower frequencies.
While the humble ramps created using accum
are very important in synthesis, nothing is more important than sine waves. They form the basis for many forms of synthesis (classical FM and additive to name two) and are also important in audio analysis. Part of their power comes from the fact that, ideally, they contain only one fundamental frequency. In our previous sawtooth example, the base frequency was present but so were many, many overtones... multiples of the oscillators base frequency that give the sawtooth oscillator its distinctly brassy sound. Sine osillcators sound pure in comparison.
Creating a sine oscillator using genish is simple:
The cycle
ugen creates a sine wave by looking up values in a table (included in genish.js) and interpolating between them. By pre-calculating and storing a single cycle of a sinewave, we can avoid having to calculate waveforms in realtime and simply change the speed that we read the table at to vary its fundamental frequency (this is commonly known as wavetable synthesis). However, if we know a little bit about the formula for a sinewave[5], we can also create one using ugens found in genish.js:
The sin()
ugen simply calculates the trigonometric sin of a number using JavaScript's built-in Math.sin
function. In this case we multiply a phasor by PI[6], calculate the sin of the result, and we've created a sine oscillator from "scratch" in gen. But since it's computationally more efficient to use the lookup table of cycle
(not to mention much quicker to type) we'll use that for the rest of the examples.
Let's do some basic modulation using sinewaves. Modulation can be simply thought of as using one signal to change the output of another. In this case we'll perform frequency modulation to create vibrato in an oscillator. Vibrato is regular fluctuations in the frequency of a sound (often heard in singing) in contrast to tremolo, which is fluctuations in loudness
In the example below, we'll first create a sine oscillator with a range of {-20,20} by wrapping a call to cycle
in a mul
. This will be our modulator; we'll use it to fluctuate our carrier frequency by +/- 20 Hz. Then we'll create a second cycle
ugen that will add our modulation to a base frequency of 440 Hz, creating our vibrato.
OK, great. Now let's add some interaction so that we can control both the base frequency and the depth of the modulation. We'll do this using the param()
ugen, which enables you to directly manipulate a number stored in the memory of any callbacks generated by genish by accessing a .value
property. In the example below, genish
only requires a single Float32
of memory, which will wind up being indexed at gen.memory.heap[0]
inside the audio thread; if we had other ugens running these would be using memory indexed at other parts of the heap. Having a single Float32Array used for memory during audio callbacks is one of the big performance wins of genish.js. The important element of param
is that it removes the need for you, the developer, to worry about the location of the memory in the heap. You simply change the .value
property and this is done for you on the audio thread behind the scenes.
With that said, we can setup some interaction that looks at the position of our mouse cursor:
When we use frequency modulation with high-frequency, high-amplitude signals interesting sonic results can occur. John Chowning codified how a range of musically complex sounds could be created with just a pair of sine oscillators. His technique, named FM synthesis, was responsible for the best-selling hardware synthesizer of all time, the Yamaha DX-7, heard on countless records from the 80s and still commonly used in electronic music today.
There are a couple of simple tricks in FM synthesis. When describing them, the term carrier refers to a oscillator that uses a base frequency corresponding to the pitch we want to generate, while the term modulator refers to an oscillator that is modulating the carrier in a way that the pitch (typically) remains the same, but results in interesting timbral changes.
A fixed ratio should govern the relationship between carrier and modulation frequencies; let's call this the carrier-to-modulation ratio or c2m. For example, if our c2m is 2
and our carrier is using a base frequency of 440 Hz
, our modulator should then have a frequency of 880Hz. Maintaining this frequency relationship is part of what provides a consistent timbre to the sounds genered by FM synthesis across pitches.
The amplitude of the modulator is also governed by the frequency of the carrier using a ratio named the index. This is another key to FM synthesis: using modulators with extremely high amplitudes that windup creating (potentially) large number of sideband frequencies when modulating the carrier. If the index of our FM recipe is 4
, and our carrier frequency is again 440
, then the amplitude of the modulator winds up being 1760
(much louder than 11).
Given these two simple rules, let's make a simple gong sound in genish.js. A classic FM gong recipe is to use a c2m value of 1.4
and a index value of .95
. We'll need to create two cycle objects, set the frequency and amplitude of the modulator to track the frequency of the carrier, and then apply an amplitude envelope to get a decaying gong sound.
One of the advantages of genish.js over other JavaScript libraries is that you can easily perform single-sample feedback. This means you can, for example, calculate the output of a cycle
ugen, and then use that output to modulate its frequency when the next sample is calculated. This is in contrast to block-based processing, where each ugen processes many samples at a time for efficiency reasons, eliminating the ability to render an entire audio graph on a sample-by-sample basis.
Let's take a look at using feedback to modulate cycle
. We will use the single-sample delay ugen, or ssd
[7], to store each sample and then report it back. In a way the ssd
ugen is actually two ugens wrapped in one: the ssd.in()
ugen records a sample while the ssd.out
ugen returns the last recorded sample. With that in mind, here's some simple feedback:
The results in the above example aren't particularly exciting, but you'll probably here that the resulting timbre is more complex than that of a simple sine oscillator. However, feedback is a critical component of FM synthesis. If you look at a chart showing the thirty-two routing possibilities of the DX7(called algorithms by Yamaha) you'll note that every one contains a single-sample feedback path.
The ability to single-sample feedback means you can create complicated feedback networks using genish.js. The core component of a feedback network is the delay line, which uses a delay
ugen to delay an input signal by an specified number of samples; the output of the delay can then be fed back into itself to create a series of echos. In the example below, we'll create a series of random pitches played at random times using the noise()
and sah()
ugens. noise
simply returns a random number between {0,1} using JavaScripts Math.random
function. The sah
ugen (which stands for sample-and-hold) accepts three arguments: first, an input signal; second, a control signal that can trigger sampling; and third, a threshold that the control signal must cross for sampling to occur. The sah
ugen will continuously output its last sampled value. With this in mind, our first line will be:
const frequencyControl = sah( add( 220, mul( noise(),880 ) ), noise(), .99995 )
... which basically translates to 'pick a new frequency between 220 and 1100 every time a noise signal goes above .99995'.
Now that we've used the ssd
ugen in a couple of different ways, let's go ahead and incorporate it into our simple 2-op FM synth. Our new synth will have a modulator that, in addition to modulating the carrier oscillator, will also modulate its own frequency. On each sample, we'll take the output of the modulator, average it with our feedback, and use the resulting average to modulate the carrier. Last but not least, when we record the output of the modulator, we'll also multiply it using the same attack-decay envelope that is being used to control the volume of the carrier oscillator. This means that as our synth gets louder, the amount of feedback applied to the modulator will increase, which is a nice effect.
We'll also introduce a new ugen, seq
, which enables you to specify a series of values and timings for when those values should be emitted. We will use the seq.trigger
property to retrigger the attack-decay envelope we're using. This code example is a little bit longer, but hopefully if you've gone through the rest of this tutorial you'll be able to make some sense out of it.
Hopefully, you will eventually want to run genish.js in your own projects. Here are the steps:
genish.utilities.createContext()
genish.utilities.playWorklet( yourGenishGraphHere )
. Web browsers do not allow sound to begin before users interact with sites.I've created a couple of example files that you can use as templates. The first plays a modulated sine tone and is primarily designed to go through the basic setup of the AudioContext and an AudioWorklet node (with ScriptProcessor as a backup). Perhaps most importantly, it demonstrates connecting the standard Web Audio API nodes to nodes created by genish.js.
The second file uses our FM gong example, but extends it so that our amplitude envelope also modulates our index property. In practice, this winds up tying the brightness of the sound to its amplitude, which is a correlation commonly found in acoustic instruments.
The next place to go is the genish.js playground, which has a variety of DSP exampmles.. I think one of the best examples of what genish.js does is the Freeverb example. Not because of its amazing sound quality, but rather because it illustrates the one of the main ideas of genish: it's not the kitchen sink. Many other libraries will give you pre-built comb and all-pass filters; instead, genish enables you to write your own with six or seven lines of code. Thus, the ugens that are included with genish.js are typically there because they are fundamental building blocks of DSP.
There are exceptions to this; some ugens in genish.js are simply aggregates of others. The slide
, ad
, and adsr
ugens are all of examples of these; none of these ugens contain compilation instructions specific to them, instead they just output subgraphs of ugens that do contain compilation instructions. So, perhaps I didn't need to include an adsr
ugen (the gen~ library in Max/MSP doesn't), but it seemed like something that a lot of people would spend a lot of time remaking if it wasn't included.
For more information on sampling frequency, see this incredibly excellent tutorial.. ↩
http://cs.au.dk/~dsound/DigitalAudio.dir/Papers/MaxMathews.pdf ↩
For a ugen supporting audio-rate modulation of min
and max
properties, see the counter ugen ↩
The outputted code in more recent versions of genish is typically very different than what is shown here, as there is a significant amount of boilerplate required to create a AudioWorklet. However, much of the code remains the same as what is in this tutorial, and the ideas behind the generated code are still very relevant, so I've avoided rewriting this section. Try running the very first example in the genish playground if you're curious about the differences! ↩
All you want to know about sinewaves (well, maybe...), clearly explained with great visuals. ↩
Although the formula for a sine wave specifies that a phasor should be multiplied by 2PI, this assumes that the range of the phasor is {0,1}. Since our range is twice as large {-1,1} we use plain old PI instead. ↩
In the Max/MSP/Jitter gen~, the ssd
ugen is called history
. Unfortunately, the main JavaScript window
object already has a property named history
on it (that stores your browsing history) so we had to use a different name. ssd
is at least a little bit terser, even if it's entirely obtuse when you first see it. ↩


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Amazon Web Services
読む時間の目安: 8 分Create machines on Amazon Web Services.
To create machines on Amazon Web Services, you must supply two parameters: the AWS Access Key ID and the AWS Secret Access Key.
Configuring credentials
Before using the amazonec2 driver, ensure that you’ve configured credentials.
AWS credential file
One way to configure credentials is to use the standard credential file for Amazon AWS ~/.aws/credentials
file, which might look like:
[default]
aws_access_key_id = AKID1234567890
aws_secret_access_key = MY-SECRET-KEY
On Mac OS or various flavors of Linux you can install the AWS Command Line Interface (aws cli
) in the terminal and use the aws configure
command which guides you through the creation of the credentials file.
This is the simplest method, you can then create a new machine with:
$ docker-machine create --driver amazonec2 aws01
Command line flags
Alternatively, you can use the flags --amazonec2-access-key
and --amazonec2-secret-key
on the command line:
$ docker-machine create --driver amazonec2 --amazonec2-access-key AKI******* --amazonec2-secret-key 8T93C******* aws01
Environment variables
You can use environment variables:
$ export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKID1234567890
$ export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=MY-SECRET-KEY
$ docker-machine create --driver amazonec2 aws01
Options
--amazonec2-access-key
: Your access key ID for the Amazon Web Services API.--amazonec2-ami
: The AMI ID of the instance to use.--amazonec2-block-duration-minutes
: AWS spot instance duration in minutes (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, or 360).--amazonec2-device-name
: The root device name of the instance.--amazonec2-endpoint
: Optional endpoint URL (hostname only or a fully qualified URI).--amazonec2-iam-instance-profile
: The AWS IAM role name to be used as the instance profile.--amazonec2-insecure-transport
: Disable SSL when sending requests.--amazonec2-instance-type
: The instance type to run.--amazonec2-keypair-name
: AWS keypair to use; requires--amazonec2-ssh-keypath
.--amazonec2-monitoring
: Enable CloudWatch Monitoring.--amazonec2-open-port
: Make the specified port number accessible from the Internet.--amazonec2-private-address-only
: Use the private IP address only.--amazonec2-region
: The region to use when launching the instance.--amazonec2-request-spot-instance
: Use spot instances.--amazonec2-retries
: Set retry count for recoverable failures (use-1
to disable).--amazonec2-root-size
: The root disk size of the instance (in GB).--amazonec2-secret-key
: Your secret access key for the Amazon Web Services API.--amazonec2-security-group
: AWS VPC security group name.--amazonec2-security-group-readonly
: Skip adding default rules to security groups.--amazonec2-session-token
: Your session token for the Amazon Web Services API.--amazonec2-spot-price
: Spot instance bid price in dollars. Requires the--amazonec2-request-spot-instance
flag.--amazonec2-ssh-keypath
: Path to private key file to use for instance. Requires a matching public key with.pub
extension to exist.--amazonec2-ssh-user
: The SSH login username, which must match the default SSH user set in the AMI being used.--amazonec2-subnet-id
: AWS VPC subnet ID.--amazonec2-tags
: A comma-separated list of AWS extra tag key-value pairs. For example,key1,value1,key2,value2
.--amazonec2-use-ebs-optimized-instance
: Create an EBS Optimized Instance. Instance type must support it.--amazonec2-use-private-address
: Use the private IP address for docker-machine, but still create a public IP address.--amazonec2-userdata
: Path to file with cloud-init user data.--amazonec2-volume-type
: The Amazon EBS volume type to be attached to the instance.--amazonec2-vpc-id
: Your VPC ID to launch the instance in.--amazonec2-zone
: The AWS zone to launch the instance in (one of a,b,c,d, and e).
Environment variables and default values:
| CLI option | Environment variable | Default |
|---|---|---|
--amazonec2-access-key |
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID |
- |
--amazonec2-ami |
AWS_AMI |
ami-c60b90d1 |
--amazonec2-block-duration-minutes |
- | - |
--amazonec2-device-name |
AWS_DEVICE_NAME |
/dev/sda1 |
--amazonec2-endpoint |
AWS_ENDPOINT |
- |
--amazonec2-iam-instance-profile |
AWS_INSTANCE_PROFILE |
- |
--amazonec2-insecure-transport |
AWS_INSECURE_TRANSPORT |
- |
--amazonec2-instance-type |
AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE |
t2.micro |
--amazonec2-keypair-name |
AWS_KEYPAIR_NAME |
- |
--amazonec2-monitoring |
- | false |
--amazonec2-open-port |
- | - |
--amazonec2-private-address-only |
- | false |
--amazonec2-region |
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION |
us-east-1 |
--amazonec2-request-spot-instance |
- | false |
--amazonec2-retries |
- | 5 |
--amazonec2-root-size |
AWS_ROOT_SIZE |
16 |
--amazonec2-secret-key |
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY |
- |
--amazonec2-security-group |
AWS_SECURITY_GROUP |
docker-machine |
--amazonec2-security-group-readonly |
AWS_SECURITY_GROUP_READONLY |
false |
--amazonec2-session-token |
AWS_SESSION_TOKEN |
- |
--amazonec2-spot-price |
- | 0.50 |
--amazonec2-ssh-keypath |
AWS_SSH_KEYPATH |
- |
--amazonec2-ssh-user |
AWS_SSH_USER |
ubuntu |
--amazonec2-subnet-id |
AWS_SUBNET_ID |
- |
--amazonec2-tags |
AWS_TAGS |
- |
--amazonec2-use-ebs-optimized-instance |
- | false |
--amazonec2-use-private-address |
- | false |
--amazonec2-userdata |
AWS_USERDATA |
- |
--amazonec2-volume-type |
AWS_VOLUME_TYPE |
gp2 |
--amazonec2-vpc-id |
AWS_VPC_ID |
- |
--amazonec2-zone |
AWS_ZONE |
a |
Default AMIs
By default, the Amazon EC2 driver uses a daily image of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
.
| Region | AMI ID |
|---|---|
| ap-northeast-1 | ami-785c491f |
| ap-northeast-2 | ami-94d20dfa |
| ap-southeast-1 | ami-2378f540 |
| ap-southeast-2 | ami-e94e5e8a |
| ap-south-1 | ami-49e59a26 |
| ca-central-1 | ami-7ed56a1a |
| cn-north-1 | ami-a163b4cc |
| eu-central-1 | ami-1c45e273 |
| eu-west-1 | ami-6d48500b |
| eu-west-2 | ami-cc7066a8 |
| eu-west-3 | ami-c1cf79bc |
| sa-east-1 | ami-34afc458 |
| us-east-1 | ami-d15a75c7 |
| us-east-2 | ami-8b92b4ee |
| us-west-1 | ami-73f7da13 |
| us-west-2 | ami-835b4efa |
| us-gov-west-1 | ami-939412f2 |
Security Group
A security group is created and associated to the host. This security group has the following ports opened inbound:
- ssh (22/tcp)
- docker (2376/tcp)
- swarm (3376/tcp), only if the node is a swarm master
If you specify a security group yourself using the --amazonec2-security-group
flag, the above ports are checked and opened and the security group is modified.
If you want more ports to be opened such as application-specific ports, use the AWS console and modify the configuration manually.
VPC ID
Your default VPC ID is determined at the start of a command. In some cases, either because your account does not have a default VPC, or you do not want to use the default one, you can specify a VPC with the --amazonec2-vpc-id
flag.
To find the VPC ID:
- Login to the AWS console.
- Go to Services -> VPC -> Your VPCs.
- Locate the VPC ID you want from the _VPC_ column.
- Go to Services -> VPC -> Subnets. Examine the Availability Zone column to verify that zone
a
exists and matches your VPC ID. For example,us-east1-a
is in thea
availability zone. If thea
zone is not present, you can create a new subnet in that zone or specify a different zone when you create the machine.
To create a machine with a non-default VPC-ID:
$ docker-machine create --driver amazonec2 --amazonec2-access-key AKI******* --amazonec2-secret-key 8T93C********* --amazonec2-vpc-id vpc-****** aws02
This example assumes the VPC ID was found in the a
availability zone. Use the--amazonec2-zone
flag to specify a zone other than the a
zone. For example, --amazonec2-zone c
signifies us-east1-c
.
VPC Connectivity
Docker Machine uses SSH to complete the set up of instances in EC2 and requires the ability to access the instance directly.
If you use the flag --amazonec2-private-address-only
, ensure that you can access the new instance from within the internal network of the VPC, such as a corporate VPN to the VPC, a VPN instance inside the VPC, or using docker-machine
from an instance within your VPC.
Configuration of VPCs is beyond the scope of this guide. However, the first step in troubleshooting is making sure that you are using private subnets that follow the design guidance in the AWS VPC User Guide and have some form of NAT available so that the setup process can access the internet to complete the setup.
Custom AMI and SSH username
The default SSH username for the default AMIs is ubuntu
.
You need to change the SSH username only if the custom AMI you use has a different SSH username.
You can change the SSH username with the --amazonec2-ssh-user
according to the AMI you selected with the --amazonec2-ami
option.


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{* Copyright 2011-2013 Here's A Hand Limited Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. *}
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Two Held On Suspicion Of Terror Offences In Dover
The pair are to be held for extended questioning after being arrested as part of an "intelligence-led" operation.
by Tom SablesPolice have been granted extra time to question a man and a woman arrested on suspicion of Syria-related terrorism offences, West Midlands police said.
Detectives from the West Midlands Counter Terrorism Unit arrested the pair on Saturday 7 December in Dover, Kent, as part of an "intelligence-led" operation.
The 32-year-old man and the 31-year-old woman were arrested on suspicion of preparing to commit terrorism offences, police said.
The man was also arrested on suspicion of funding or supporting terrorism.
The police are now able to question both for a further seven days, until Saturday 14 December.
Both were taken to a police station in the West Midlands where they are being held under terrorism legislation for questioning.
A statement from West Midlands Police stated:
"The arrests were intelligence-led; there was no risk to the public.
"The arrests are not linked in any way to the London Bridge terror attack and enquiries into this matter were underway prior to the incident on 29 November."
Cover image: The White Cliffs of Dover (Picture: PA).


The senior quarterback doesn’t mind doing the little things like cleaning up and being the last one to come off the field. It’s something he loves and embraces.
That’s part of the reason why the senior was voted captain by his coaches and teammates for the second straight year and why they always speak highly of the Oakville, Ontario, native. It’s why Rourke has a legitimate shot at solidifying himself as one of the best quarterbacks to ever play at Ohio.
Kelsey Boeing | DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Nathan Rourke runs a ball during the homecoming game against the Bowling Green Falcons on Saturday. (FILE)
Of course, the off-field criteria is critical for a quarterback, but his on-field talent has been one of the most discussed subjects not only for Ohio but for the Mid-American Conference and Group of 5 schools as well.
“It’s nice to get recognition, and I’m proud when it brings recognition to this university and this program,” Rourke said. “But we haven’t done anything. I’m just focused on getting better.”
Ohio hasn’t played a game this season yet.
Those outside of the program, however, have still taken notice of Rourke and his potential in his final year with the Bobcats. He’s been named to six different preseason award watch lists, including the Davey O’Brian Award — given to the best quarterback in the country — the Maxwell Award and the Walter Camp Award.
The hype for Rourke is well-deserved. In his two seasons with the Bobcats, he’s racked up 4,637 passing yards with 40 touchdowns and just 15 interceptions. He’s also accumulated 1,772 rushing yards and 36 touchdowns and is as lethal a weapon with his feet as he is with his arm.
The Bobcats will likely rely on Rourke more than ever in his final year. Ohio will play without some of last season’s key play makers in running back A.J. Ouellette and wide receiver Papi White.
The two former Bobcats combined for 2,529 total yards and 24 total touchdowns as redshirt seniors last season. Now, Rourke is left to find new targets and establish chemistry with players seeing their first reps of collegiate action.
With Ouellette and White now gone and with the statistics Rourke has accumulated, there’s no wonder why he’s received national attention, which has been something that Ohio hasn’t experienced at the quarterback position since, perhaps, Tyler Tettleton broke numerous quarterback records a decade ago.
For Rourke, the in-house attention matters most.
“Nathan’s leadership is a big part of this team,” redshirt junior wide receiver Cam Odom said. “He’s a humble guy. You could tell him he’s up for the Heisman, and he wouldn’t even know.”
To Odom, the humbleness Rourke carries will help some of the young receivers and running backs grow quicker than expected. The Bobcats will miss Ouellette and White, but the talent gap should be filled sooner rather than later.
“He knows he has to put in the work first before anything comes,” Odom said. “He’s the type of guy who knows that nothing is given to him, and us as his teammates follow that leadership.”
Despite some of the youth and inexperience among the skill players, the Bobcats are hopeful the Rourke-Odom connection will help open the field for other players.
The connection looked strong in a scrimmage earlier in fall camp after Rourke threw a 57-yard touchdown to Odom that opened the field for a series of strong reps for inexperienced players like Camryn Snow and Ty Walton.
Rourke has also gone out of his way to teach true freshman and brother Kurtis Rourke and redshirt freshman Joe Mischler how to establish rhythm and lead an offense. The two backups have played behind Nathan throughout fall camp, and despite his efforts to manage his own improvements and meet the lofty expectations as the leader of the offense, he’s taken time to ensure Ohio’s future quarterbacks have improved with him.
“You’ve got to be positively contagious in a way,” Rourke said.
With Week 1 just over two weeks away, Rourke isn’t focused on winning those personal awards, breaking career bests or improving his stock for a career after college football.
Instead, he wants Ohio to finally meet the expectations of winning a MAC Championship.
Everything else is secondary.


We are engineering consulting company. We help our customers to create business value in product development cycle. We achieve it by mentoring engineers and advising management in Electronics & System Engineering or projects Technical Leading. Our major competences comes from cooperation with Set top box, Consumer Electronics and Internet of Things companies.
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Get Started!Manage, evaluate, and understand product technical requirement.
Communicate between business and engineering worlds.
You can use our expertise in electronics design!
We make design in Orcad and KiCad tools. Also have experience with Altium Designer
We struggle to fit your product in desired casing or exsiting machinery.
We use SolidWorks mechanical CAD suite to design, model, document and present solutions.
Developing user application in Free-RTOS or proprietary OS environment as well as bare-metal
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Wild horses photographed on plateaus of western Anatolia
by DAILY SABAH WITH AAKumalar Mountain in the western province of Afyonkarahisar is known for its natural beauty; however, nature photographer Hakan Yılmaz was surprised not by the autumn beauty of the mountains but by the wild horses he came across.
The wild animals are usually seen in central Anatolia; however, Afyonkarahisar's wild horses, which are called yılkı horses, are known to live on the plateaus of the western region but are not seen often by visitors.
Using a camera as well as a drone, Yılmaz documented the yılkı horses running on the foothills of the mountains with the breeze in their manes
"I came across hundreds of yılkı horses when I climbed up the mountain. They were running like they were dancing with each other. It was a breathtaking experience. Kumalar Mountain is one of the must-see places in western Anatolia. There are numerous spots for professional and amateur photographers to capture nature at its best," Yılmaz said.
In Turkish, yılkı means "a free horse living in its own environment." Yılkı horses are usually former working horses abandoned in nature by their owners. Although these horses live in herds by themselves, the locals and nomads protect them so they can remain free.


This folder contains the SigLib file I/O example programs.
Source Files
bin2wav.c - Command line application to convert from binary format to mono .wav format
sig2csv.c
- Command line application to convert SigLib .sig files to comma
separated variable files (.csv). This is useful when importing SigLib
data into a spreadsheet.
sig2wav.c - Command line application to convert SigLib .sig files to .wav files.
sigplot.c - Command line application to graphically plot SigLib .sig files.
wav2dat.c - Command line application to convert from mono .wav format to .dat format.
wav2sig.c - Command line application to convert from mono .wav format to SigLib .sig format.
wavinfo.c - Command line application to print the .wav file header information.
wavplot.c - Command line application to graphically plot mono .wav files.
Batch files are included for building with Microsoft and GCC compilers.
| For further
information, please contact : Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
Copyright © 2020, Sigma Numerix Ltd.
SigLib and Digital Filter Plus are trademarks of Sigma Numerix Ltd. All
other trademarks acknowledged.
Sigma Numerix are continuously increasing the functionality of SigLib
and reserve the right to alter the product at any time.


In 2001, the Yachats Fireworks Committee was formed for the sole purpose of blowing stuff up on the Fourth of July. We are an all-volunteer organization and rely almost exclusively on our generous fans for funding.
That's okay. We're always looking for extra help on the day of the event. Check out the opportunities to participate as a volunteer.


A simple primary alert—check it out!
Example heading New
@
Card title
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Go somewhereSome quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Go somewhere


Vitiligo is a disease that causes loss of skin color in patches. The discolored areas usually get bigger with time. The condition can affect the skin on any part of the body. It can also affect hair and the inside of the mouth.
See your doctor if areas of your skin, hair or mucous membranes lose coloring. Vitiligo has no cure. But treatment might stop or slow the discoloring process and return some color to your skin.


M-V data flow. User`s events are handled in Controller class. C assigns variables telling V what user wants (orders by user in URL) and includes V (not showed in picture). V pulls data from M according C variables (orders by user in URL). V also may call C method for some state changes ordered by user in URL ee table row updates like approve user comment. V script may contain class but I do not see need for view classes.
M-V data flow is ok for views (view instantiates model and pulls data from M).
If we have user`s interactions (events) eg filter displayed rows (pagination is sort of filtering), than M-V data flow is only possible solution. /zinc/img/
mvc_M_V_data_flow.jpg


Thanks to @iheartkode for helping with this project.


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Open a database locally and create it if the database doesn't exist.
Public
Open Remote Database
Open a database from an OrbitDB address, eg. /orbitdb/QmfY3udPcWUD5NREjrUV351Cia7q4DXNcfyRLJzUPL3wPD/hello Note! Open the remote database in an Incognito Window or in a different browser. It won't work if you don't.


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{{< layout}} {{$propositionHeader}}{{/propositionHeader}} {{$pageTitle}}Do you have any uncancelled passports from a different country?{{/pageTitle}} {{$header}}
For example, if you're a dual national. This includes any non-British passport that has expired but hasn't been cancelled.


just created my second epic character build but am unsure how this looks some feed back if you can..started as elf bard changed at lv 20 to rdd lv 10 and now palemaster lv 10 packed feats as best i could cant seem to access other spells granted as a palemaster to bard spell list ? is the additional spells only available to a wizard? if they choose palemaster as a class.also can i have some advice on this character build paladin lv9/blackguard lv11/sorcerer lv 20..this is my first time posting to the guild so forgive me if my information isnt detailed.
I find your post hard to understand, really. Anyhow, I believe you were asking if Bards gain any bonuses from PM (regarding spells). The answer is yes, they do; they gain spell slots, but they do not gain new spells. _________________ "And one calculates time from the dies nefastus on which this fatality arose – from the first day of Christianity! – Why not rather from its last? – From today? – Revaluation of all values!"
But it won't benefit a lvl 20 bard as he is, since that's the max amount of slots.
Also Bards get something called Lasting inspiration, take your 20th bard lvl on a feat level and grab that feat.   You'll also have more points to dump into perform/disc/UMD.
Taking 8 RDD pre epic might not affect your BAB to much, and it will grant you extra those +2 INT points sooner for those skills.
Thanks for the advice guys trying to juggle between each class is hard..seams complex when making epic characters..any way trying another combo,how does this sound monk lv 20/wizard lv 5/palemaster lv 15?
Sounds better if you go bard for UMD/tumble, taking the first three at epic levels and the last at 40 to max skills.
Rhonda, what are you looking for? Simply giving class combos tells us nothing about what you want! If you would like help, please create a build progression and post it here (not under epic builds) and we will help you with it! This will give us something concrete to work with.


Guide to ERC-721 Tokens/NFTs
Your Tokens
Create NFT
Non Fungible Graph Tokens created by users
Approve


The library is implemented in TypeScript on the node.js platform and has been published to the npm (node package manager) registry.
It could be installed as a library module (a dependency) for other node.js applications:
npm install kollavarsham --save
Browserify is a good tool that can generate the library to be used on the client-side (or browser) applications as well:
browserify lib/kollavarsham.js -o bundle.js
It could also be used as a cross-platform command line application (CLI) app using another CLI module (that is essentially a wrapper over the core module), when installed globally like this:
npm install -g kollavarsham
To use the library in a node.js or a browser app:
// Refer the API docs for accurate semantics var kollavarsham = require('kollavarsham'); var KollavarshamDate = require('kollavarsham').kollavarshamDate; var gregorianDate = kollavarsham.toGregorianDate(new KollavarshamDate(1184, 5, 18)); // Not implemented yet var kollavarshamDate = kollavarsham.fromGregorianDate(new Date(2014, 1, 14));
The library is still in a beta state and most of the features are working as expected (a notable exception being the ability to convert a Kollavarsham date into a Gregorian date).
The calendar for instance, is an interactive, AngularJS single page application (source) that gets the Kollavarsham dates from a RESTful service, implemented in NodeJS/ExpressJS (source), using this kollavarsham.js module.
The original JavaScript library was rewritten into TypeScript recently and by using a specialized TypeScript compiler named jsii, it has been converted to be available for other supported languages like Java, .NET and Python. More details on this usage of jsii can be seen on this blog post.
Check out the evolving API documentation that is generated from the source using YUIDoc here: API documentation.
The JavaScript implementation of the Kollavarsham API started off as a port of the Perl implementation of the Pancanga (Hindu Almanac) by M. Fushimi and M. Yano, that is accompanied by a good little write-up with a link to their Perl script as well.
We would like to thank Fushimi-san and Yano-san for their work on the Hindu calendar and for making it open source!
Fork us on GitHub and start contributing - kollavarsham-js repository.


3D Scanning and Printing
- History of 3D printing and scanning
- When to use substractive techniques VS additive techniques
- Examples of 3D printed objects and applications (also in industry)
Safety and maintenance
How to safely handle machines and materials
- Keeping the machines in good shape
- Cleaning up
3D scanning
- Technologies
- Point clouds
- Software / Photogrammetry
- 123 Catch
- Hardware
- Kinect / Sense
- Laser scanner
3D printers / techniques
- stereolithography
- fused-deposition molding extrusion contour crafting
- ink-jet binder
- ProJet PolyJet
- cut sheets
- selective laser sintering
- CLIP
- two photon
- digital
Materials
- ABS
- HIPS
- acrylic
- PLA
- Resins
Files and preparing them for printing
- STL / PLY / OBJ / VRML / STEP
- Support (removal)
- MeshLab netfabb meshmixer
- Normals and orientation
- Repairing and closing meshes
Software to use for 3D printing CAD and scan modification
- 123D
- SketchUp
- Fusion 360
- SolidWorks
- Rhino Grasshopper
- Blender
- FreeCAD
- OpenSCAD
- Antimony
- VTK
- Geomagic
- ReplicatorG Skeinforge Slic3r Cura
- Sketchfab
Post Processing / Finishing
- chemicals
- sanding / polishing
- post curing
- painting, varnish, protection


Pinoy Desk
{% include "layouts/profileinfo.html" %}
{% include "layouts/sidebar.html" %}
{% include "layouts/header.html" %} {% block content %} {% endblock content %} {% include "layouts/footer.html" %}
{% block scripts %} {% endblock scripts %}


1st and Pike
- Contact:
1-555-537-4286
1509 1st Ave
98017 Seattle, WA
SeaTac Airport
- Contact:
1-555-753-5275
17801 International Blvd
98158 Seattle, WA
Seattle Center
- Contact:
1-555-824-7433
260 Harrison St
98109 Seattle, WA
Capitol Hill
- Contact:
1-555-753-3574
530 Capitol Hill E
980109 Seattle, WA
Alki
- Contact:
1-555-436-4278
5425 Alki Ave SW
98017 Seattle, WA


# ECTOR
A learning chatterbot in HTML / Javascript (ECTOR).
The browserified ([browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify/)) version of [node-ector](https://github.com/parmentf/node-ector).
## Installation
### Get the files
Download the files: https://github.com/parmentf/browser-ector/archive/master.zip
Or clone the repository:
```bash
git clone https://github.com/parmentf/browser-ector.git
```
### Try it
Then, drag and drop file ``browser-ector/ector.html`` into your browser
(tested in Google Chrome 23, Firefox 18 and Chromium 20).
### Put it in another application
Import `js/bundle-ector.min.js`, `js/jquery-1.8.3.min.js`, `js/mustache.min.js`, and
`js/ector.js` into your HTML page.
Take a look at ``ector.js``, and adapt it to your web application.
The important part is:
```javascript
var Ector = require('ector');
ector = new Ector();
var previousResponseNodes = null;
ector.addEntry(entry);
ector.linkNodesToLastSentence(previousResponseNodes);
var response = ector.generateResponse();
console.log('%s: %s', ector.name, response.sentence);
previousResponseNodes = response.nodes;
```
You can customize your Ector, using its parameters:
```javascript
ector = new Ector('botname', 'username');
```
or using `setUser` method:
```javascript
ector.setUser('newName');
```
## Demonstration
You can take a look at the example page, and [talk to
ECTOR](http://parmentf.github.com/browser-ector/ector.html) (name it `ECTOR`,
it will recognize its name).
At this moment, your name is `Guy`, guy. OK?
## Release History
* 2013/01/27: version 0.1.6: update to ector 0.1.6 (bug fixes)
* 2013/01/17: version 0.1.5: update to ector 0.1.4 (bug fixes)
* 2013/01/11: version 0.1.4: change your name
* 2013/01/09: version 0.1.3: add save/load in the example
* 2013/01/09: version 0.1.2: fix Firefox's version
* 2013/01/08: version 0.1.0: first release
## License
Copyright (c) 2013 François Parmentier
Licensed under the MIT license.


--- layout: documentation title: LinkLayerType ---
A link layer protocol is a hardware interface protocol, such as Ethernet, or a logical link routing protocol, such as ARP.
| Field Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical_Interface0..1 | PhysicalInterfaceType |
Physical Interface characterizes one hardware interface of a link layer connection. |
| Logical_Protocols0..1 | LogicalProtocolType |
Logical Protocols characterizes the logical protocol of a link layer connection. One example of a logical protocol is ARP. |


This was a long overdue change. There is normally little, if anything, to be gained by using a larger value than the default value of 10. Nevertheless, some Oracle consultants have the habit of setting this parameter to 200 or 300, and are not dissuaded by the fact that it is now a hidden parameter. However, such high values just waste memory, and while it is seldom more than a few megabytes, a more scientific approach to the correct setting of this parameter is in order.
In fact, the parameter limits the number of private SQL areas for row cache cursors that a process can cache during a call. Interestingly, this cache of private SQL areas, or shared cursor instantiations, is controlled from process memory (the PGA), rather than from session memory (the UGA) where the private SQL areas reside. The _row_cache_cursors parameter sets the size of an array in permanent PGA memory. Each slot in that array requires just 28 bytes. An unduly small value for this parameter causes otherwise unnecessary soft parse operations. An unduly large value wastes some memory in the PGA of every Oracle server process, and may reduce the caching of other cursors if the open_cursors parameter is modestly set.
The bad news is that X$KQDPG is, of course, process specific and cannot be queried from another process. To tune the parameter correctly, if at all, you need the statistics from representative application processes, rather than those from the process being used for performance monitoring.
Fortunately, there is a solution. The data structure behind X$KQDPG is in the fixed PGA, and you can easily get a representative application process to dump its fixed PGA to its trace file using a global_area dump at level 1 from ORADEBUG (or an equivalent DBMS_SYSTEM.SET_EV call). From there is just a matter of finding the kqdpga_ data structure, skipping 12 bytes, and then reading the hexadecimal values that would have been returned had you been able to query X$KQDPG for the process. Easy!
If you find overflows, by all means increase the _row_cache_cursors parameter. That's what it's still there for. If open_cursors is modest, then that parameter should be increased by the same amount. A very small increase in these parameters is likely to be sufficient to prevent the overflows without any negative side effects.
| Copyright © Ixora Pty Ltd |
|


§460J-27 Penalties for unlicensed acts. Any person or business organization that violates the provisions of section 460J-6 shall not be fined less than $5,000. [L 1972, c 134, pt of §1; am L 1986, c 126, §6]


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|
Artemis Cubesat Kit - BeagleBone Source Code
0.1
SourcecodefortheBeagleBoneBlack
|
#include "utility/SimpleAgent.h"
#include "device/ADT7311.h"
#include "device/temp_sensors.h"
#include "device/ChipSelect.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
Classes | |
| struct | DeviceAddress |
Macros | |
| #define | SLEEP_TIME 1 |
Functions | |
| void | InitSensors () |
| Initializes the sensor devices. More... | |
| bool | ConnectSensor (int index) |
| Attempts to connect a sensor. More... | |
| void | DestroySensors () |
| Wraps up communication with the sensor devices. More... | |
| void | UpdateNormalTemperature (int index) |
| Updates the temperature readings for a non-pycubed-connected sensor. More... | |
| void | UpdateTemperatures () |
| Grabs the latest readings from the sensor devices. More... | |
| void | SetSensorPower (bool enabled) |
| Enables/disables power to sensors via agent_switch. More... | |
| string | Request_Sensor (vector< string > args) |
| Request for display data of a sensor. More... | |
| string | Request_List () |
| Request for listing sensors. More... | |
| int | main (int argc, char **argv) |
| void | InitSensor (int index) |
Variables | |
| SimpleAgent * | agent |
| Allows for usage of COSMOS. More... | |
| TemperatureSensor * | temp_sensors [TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
| The SimpleAgent temperature sensor devices. More... | |
| ADT7311 * | handlers [TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
| The ADT7311 device handlers. More... | |
| ChipSelect | chip_select ({SPI_CS3_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS2_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS1_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS0_PIN_KEY}) |
| Handles chip selection. More... | |
| ADT7311::Configuration | default_sensor_config |
| The sensor configuration. More... | |
| bool | should_enable_sensors = true |
| bool | sensors_powered = false |
| DeviceAddress | device_addresses [TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
| #define SLEEP_TIME 1 |
| bool ConnectSensor | ( | int | index | ) |
Attempts to connect a sensor.
| void DestroySensors | ( | ) |
Wraps up communication with the sensor devices.
| void InitSensor | ( | int | index | ) |
| void InitSensors | ( | ) |
Initializes the sensor devices.
| int main | ( | int | argc, |
| char ** | argv | ||
| ) |
| string Request_List | ( | ) |
Request for listing sensors.
| string Request_Sensor | ( | vector< string > | args | ) |
Request for display data of a sensor.
| void SetSensorPower | ( | bool | enabled | ) |
Enables/disables power to sensors via agent_switch.
| void UpdateNormalTemperature | ( | int | index | ) |
Updates the temperature readings for a non-pycubed-connected sensor.
| void UpdateTemperatures | ( | ) |
Grabs the latest readings from the sensor devices.
| SimpleAgent* agent |
Allows for usage of COSMOS.
| ChipSelect chip_select({SPI_CS3_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS2_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS1_PIN_KEY, SPI_CS0_PIN_KEY}) |
Handles chip selection.
| ADT7311::Configuration default_sensor_config |
The sensor configuration.
| DeviceAddress device_addresses[TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
| ADT7311* handlers[TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
The ADT7311 device handlers.
| bool sensors_powered = false |
| bool should_enable_sensors = true |
| TemperatureSensor* temp_sensors[TEMPSENSOR_COUNT] |
The SimpleAgent temperature sensor devices.


Contribute
LNUG is organised by volunteers from the London Node community, you can help out in a number of ways..
On the day
- Arrive at venue 20 minutes early to help set up chairs
- Help out newcomers
- Get everyone seated for 7pm
- Put chairs away and tidy venue
- Tidy food & drink areas, put empties in the bins
- Keep the beer on ice!
Other
There are always things that need doing, get in contact for more details.


Book your bike service in 10 seconds! Crazy quick, right?
stop searching for bike technicians. book in with your home's local technician in a flash
Your Whoop! guarantees you an exclusive price.


public abstract class CharsetDecoder extends Object
The input byte sequence is provided in a byte buffer or a series of such buffers. The output character sequence is written to a character buffer or a series of such buffers. A decoder should always be used by making the following sequence of method invocations, hereinafter referred to as a decoding operation:
Reset the decoder via the reset
method, unless it
has not been used before;
Invoke the decode
method zero or more times, as
long as additional input may be available, passing false for the
endOfInput argument and filling the input buffer and flushing the
output buffer between invocations;
Invoke the decode
method one final time, passing
true for the endOfInput argument; and then
Invoke the flush
method so that the decoder can
flush any internal state to the output buffer.
decode
method will decode as many
bytes as possible from the input buffer, writing the resulting characters
to the output buffer. The decode
method returns when more
input is required, when there is not enough room in the output buffer, or
when a decoding error has occurred. In each case a CoderResult
object is returned to describe the reason for termination. An invoker can
examine this object and fill the input buffer, flush the output buffer, or
attempt to recover from a decoding error, as appropriate, and try again.
There are two general types of decoding errors. If the input byte sequence is not legal for this charset then the input is considered malformed. If the input byte sequence is legal but cannot be mapped to a valid Unicode character then an unmappable character has been encountered.
How a decoding error is handled depends upon the action requested for
that type of error, which is described by an instance of the CodingErrorAction
class. The possible error actions are to ignore the erroneous input, report the error to the invoker via
the returned CoderResult
object, or replace the erroneous input with the current value of the
replacement string. The replacement
has the initial value "\uFFFD";
its value may be changed via the replaceWith
method.
The default action for malformed-input and unmappable-character errors
is to report them. The
malformed-input error action may be changed via the onMalformedInput
method; the
unmappable-character action may be changed via the onUnmappableCharacter
method.
This class is designed to handle many of the details of the decoding
process, including the implementation of error actions. A decoder for a
specific charset, which is a concrete subclass of this class, need only
implement the abstract decodeLoop
method, which
encapsulates the basic decoding loop. A subclass that maintains internal
state should, additionally, override the implFlush
and
implReset
methods.
Instances of this class are not safe for use by multiple concurrent threads.
ByteBuffer
,
CharBuffer
,
Charset
,
CharsetEncoder
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
protected |
CharsetDecoder(Charset cs,
float averageCharsPerByte,
float maxCharsPerByte)
Initializes a new decoder.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
float |
averageCharsPerByte()
Returns the average number of characters that will be produced for each
byte of input.
|
Charset |
charset()
Returns the charset that created this decoder.
|
CharBuffer |
decode(ByteBuffer in)
Convenience method that decodes the remaining content of a single input
byte buffer into a newly-allocated character buffer.
|
CoderResult |
decode(ByteBuffer in,
CharBuffer out,
boolean endOfInput)
Decodes as many bytes as possible from the given input buffer,
writing the results to the given output buffer.
|
protected abstract CoderResult |
decodeLoop(ByteBuffer in,
CharBuffer out)
Decodes one or more bytes into one or more characters.
|
Charset |
detectedCharset()
Retrieves the charset that was detected by this
decoder (optional operation).
|
CoderResult |
flush(CharBuffer out)
Flushes this decoder.
|
protected CoderResult |
implFlush(CharBuffer out)
Flushes this decoder.
|
protected void |
implOnMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction newAction)
Reports a change to this decoder's malformed-input action.
|
protected void |
implOnUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction newAction)
Reports a change to this decoder's unmappable-character action.
|
protected void |
implReplaceWith(String newReplacement)
Reports a change to this decoder's replacement value.
|
protected void |
implReset()
Resets this decoder, clearing any charset-specific internal state.
|
boolean |
isAutoDetecting()
Tells whether or not this decoder implements an auto-detecting charset.
|
boolean |
isCharsetDetected()
Tells whether or not this decoder has yet detected a
charset (optional operation).
|
CodingErrorAction |
malformedInputAction()
Returns this decoder's current action for malformed-input errors.
|
float |
maxCharsPerByte()
Returns the maximum number of characters that will be produced for each
byte of input.
|
CharsetDecoder |
onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction newAction)
Changes this decoder's action for malformed-input errors.
|
CharsetDecoder |
onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction newAction)
Changes this decoder's action for unmappable-character errors.
|
String |
replacement()
Returns this decoder's replacement value.
|
CharsetDecoder |
replaceWith(String newReplacement)
Changes this decoder's replacement value.
|
CharsetDecoder |
reset()
Resets this decoder, clearing any internal state.
|
CodingErrorAction |
unmappableCharacterAction()
Returns this decoder's current action for unmappable-character errors.
|
protected CharsetDecoder(Charset cs, float averageCharsPerByte, float maxCharsPerByte)
cs
- The charset that created this decoderaverageCharsPerByte
- A positive float value indicating the expected number of
characters that will be produced for each input bytemaxCharsPerByte
- A positive float value indicating the maximum number of
characters that will be produced for each input byteIllegalArgumentException
- If the preconditions on the parameters do not holdpublic final Charset charset()
public final String replacement()
public final CharsetDecoder replaceWith(String newReplacement)
This method invokes the implReplaceWith
method, passing the new replacement, after checking that the new
replacement is acceptable.
newReplacement
- The replacement value
The new replacement; must not be null
and must have non-zero lengthIllegalArgumentException
- If the preconditions on the parameter do not holdprotected void implReplaceWith(String newReplacement)
The default implementation of this method does nothing. This method should be overridden by decoders that require notification of changes to the replacement.
newReplacement
- The replacement valuepublic CodingErrorAction malformedInputAction()
public final CharsetDecoder onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction newAction)
This method invokes the implOnMalformedInput
method, passing the new action.
newAction
- The new action; must not be nullIllegalArgumentException
- If the precondition on the parameter does not holdprotected void implOnMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction newAction)
The default implementation of this method does nothing. This method should be overridden by decoders that require notification of changes to the malformed-input action.
newAction
- The new actionpublic CodingErrorAction unmappableCharacterAction()
public final CharsetDecoder onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction newAction)
This method invokes the implOnUnmappableCharacter
method, passing the new action.
newAction
- The new action; must not be nullIllegalArgumentException
- If the precondition on the parameter does not holdprotected void implOnUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction newAction)
The default implementation of this method does nothing. This method should be overridden by decoders that require notification of changes to the unmappable-character action.
newAction
- The new actionpublic final float averageCharsPerByte()
public final float maxCharsPerByte()
public final CoderResult decode(ByteBuffer in, CharBuffer out, boolean endOfInput)
The buffers are read from, and written to, starting at their current
positions. At most in.remaining()
bytes
will be read and at most out.remaining()
characters will be written. The buffers' positions will be advanced to
reflect the bytes read and the characters written, but their marks and
limits will not be modified.
In addition to reading bytes from the input buffer and writing
characters to the output buffer, this method returns a CoderResult
object to describe its reason for termination:
CoderResult.UNDERFLOW
indicates that as much of the
input buffer as possible has been decoded. If there is no further
input then the invoker can proceed to the next step of the
decoding operation. Otherwise this method
should be invoked again with further input.
CoderResult.OVERFLOW
indicates that there is
insufficient space in the output buffer to decode any more bytes.
This method should be invoked again with an output buffer that has
more remaining characters. This is
typically done by draining any decoded characters from the output
buffer.
A malformed-input result indicates that a malformed-input
error has been detected. The malformed bytes begin at the input
buffer's (possibly incremented) position; the number of malformed
bytes may be determined by invoking the result object's length
method. This case applies only if the
malformed action of this decoder
is CodingErrorAction.REPORT
; otherwise the malformed input
will be ignored or replaced, as requested.
An unmappable-character result indicates that an
unmappable-character error has been detected. The bytes that
decode the unmappable character begin at the input buffer's (possibly
incremented) position; the number of such bytes may be determined
by invoking the result object's length
method. This case applies only if the unmappable action of this decoder is CodingErrorAction.REPORT
; otherwise the unmappable character will be
ignored or replaced, as requested.
The endOfInput parameter advises this method as to whether the invoker can provide further input beyond that contained in the given input buffer. If there is a possibility of providing additional input then the invoker should pass false for this parameter; if there is no possibility of providing further input then the invoker should pass true. It is not erroneous, and in fact it is quite common, to pass false in one invocation and later discover that no further input was actually available. It is critical, however, that the final invocation of this method in a sequence of invocations always pass true so that any remaining undecoded input will be treated as being malformed.
This method works by invoking the decodeLoop
method, interpreting its results, handling error conditions, and
reinvoking it as necessary.
in
- The input byte bufferout
- The output character bufferendOfInput
- true if, and only if, the invoker can provide no
additional input bytes beyond those in the given bufferIllegalStateException
- If a decoding operation is already in progress and the previous
step was an invocation neither of the reset
method, nor of this method with a value of false for
the endOfInput parameter, nor of this method with a
value of true for the endOfInput parameter
but a return value indicating an incomplete decoding operationCoderMalfunctionError
- If an invocation of the decodeLoop method threw
an unexpected exceptionpublic final CoderResult flush(CharBuffer out)
Some decoders maintain internal state and may need to write some final characters to the output buffer once the overall input sequence has been read.
Any additional output is written to the output buffer beginning at
its current position. At most out.remaining()
characters will be written. The buffer's position will be advanced
appropriately, but its mark and limit will not be modified.
If this method completes successfully then it returns CoderResult.UNDERFLOW
. If there is insufficient room in the output
buffer then it returns CoderResult.OVERFLOW
. If this happens
then this method must be invoked again, with an output buffer that has
more room, in order to complete the current decoding
operation.
If this decoder has already been flushed then invoking this method has no effect.
This method invokes the implFlush
method to
perform the actual flushing operation.
out
- The output character bufferCoderResult.UNDERFLOW
or
CoderResult.OVERFLOW
IllegalStateException
- If the previous step of the current decoding operation was an
invocation neither of the flush
method nor of
the three-argument decode
method
with a value of true for the endOfInput
parameterprotected CoderResult implFlush(CharBuffer out)
The default implementation of this method does nothing, and always
returns CoderResult.UNDERFLOW
. This method should be overridden
by decoders that may need to write final characters to the output buffer
once the entire input sequence has been read.
out
- The output character bufferCoderResult.UNDERFLOW
or
CoderResult.OVERFLOW
public final CharsetDecoder reset()
This method resets charset-independent state and also invokes the
implReset
method in order to perform any
charset-specific reset actions.
protected void implReset()
The default implementation of this method does nothing. This method should be overridden by decoders that maintain internal state.
protected abstract CoderResult decodeLoop(ByteBuffer in, CharBuffer out)
This method encapsulates the basic decoding loop, decoding as many
bytes as possible until it either runs out of input, runs out of room
in the output buffer, or encounters a decoding error. This method is
invoked by the decode
method, which handles result
interpretation and error recovery.
The buffers are read from, and written to, starting at their current
positions. At most in.remaining()
bytes
will be read, and at most out.remaining()
characters will be written. The buffers' positions will be advanced to
reflect the bytes read and the characters written, but their marks and
limits will not be modified.
This method returns a CoderResult
object to describe its
reason for termination, in the same manner as the decode
method. Most implementations of this method will handle decoding errors
by returning an appropriate result object for interpretation by the
decode
method. An optimized implementation may instead
examine the relevant error action and implement that action itself.
An implementation of this method may perform arbitrary lookahead by
returning CoderResult.UNDERFLOW
until it receives sufficient
input.
in
- The input byte bufferout
- The output character bufferpublic final CharBuffer decode(ByteBuffer in) throws CharacterCodingException
This method implements an entire decoding operation; that is, it resets this decoder, then it decodes the bytes in the given byte buffer, and finally it flushes this decoder. This method should therefore not be invoked if a decoding operation is already in progress.
in
- The input byte bufferIllegalStateException
- If a decoding operation is already in progressMalformedInputException
- If the byte sequence starting at the input buffer's current
position is not legal for this charset and the current malformed-input action
is CodingErrorAction.REPORT
UnmappableCharacterException
- If the byte sequence starting at the input buffer's current
position cannot be mapped to an equivalent character sequence and
the current unmappable-character action is CodingErrorAction.REPORT
CharacterCodingException
public boolean isAutoDetecting()
The default implementation of this method always returns false; it should be overridden by auto-detecting decoders to return true.
public boolean isCharsetDetected()
If this decoder implements an auto-detecting charset then at a
single point during a decoding operation this method may start returning
true to indicate that a specific charset has been detected in
the input byte sequence. Once this occurs, the detectedCharset
method may be invoked to retrieve the detected charset.
That this method returns false does not imply that no bytes have yet been decoded. Some auto-detecting decoders are capable of decoding some, or even all, of an input byte sequence without fixing on a particular charset.
The default implementation of this method always throws an UnsupportedOperationException
; it should be overridden by
auto-detecting decoders to return true once the input charset
has been determined.
UnsupportedOperationException
- If this decoder does not implement an auto-detecting charsetpublic Charset detectedCharset()
If this decoder implements an auto-detecting charset then this
method returns the actual charset once it has been detected. After that
point, this method returns the same value for the duration of the
current decoding operation. If not enough input bytes have yet been
read to determine the actual charset then this method throws an IllegalStateException
.
The default implementation of this method always throws an UnsupportedOperationException
; it should be overridden by
auto-detecting decoders to return the appropriate value.
IllegalStateException
- If insufficient bytes have been read to determine a charsetUnsupportedOperationException
- If this decoder does not implement an auto-detecting charsetDracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


Installation¶
Check dependencies¶
Currently tested on Python 3.8+
.
For the package: numpy>=1.15
, scipy>=1.0.0
, sklearn>=0.2
, numba>=0.40
For building documentation: sphinx
, scipy
html_theme, numpydoc
, matplotlib
Get seg1d¶
pip install seg1d
Building Documentation¶
Documentation is built using sphinx with the scipy html_theme in the docs
folder.
To get the requirements for building documentation you can run:
pip install sphinx numpydoc matplotlib
If you have not installed seg1d
you can then run the following to get the remaining requirements
pip install numpy scipy sklearn numba
Finally, the following two lines will build the documentation.
make clean
make html
Testing¶
Docstrings examples should be compliant with doctest
.
Navigate to the docs
folder and run:
make doctest
A summary report will be generated and should not have any failed conditions.
Note, this should be done after building the documentation with make html
.
End-users can test the installation with a similar method provided through the examples.
After installation, start a python interactive console and import:
from seg1d.examples import test
Then run the tests with:
test.run()
A series of tests will be performed to check for intended output.
While matplotlib
is not a required dependency, if it is not installed, some
of the tests will fail. This will be obvious as the test will show in the
traceback that it failed due to No module named 'matplotlib'
.
Due to variations in OS, many of the doctests use np.around
to ensure matching.
However, sorting of correlation values is dependent on a few platform variables,
so tests that output multiple array values that are identical may show as failed.
The documentation is always tested on Windows 10, Python 3.8 for ensuring compliance.