All Modules¶
cosmic_pop¶
Class to generate a cosmic population of FRBs.
-
class
cosmic_pop.
CosmicPopulation
(n_gen, days=1, name='cosmic', H_0=67.74, W_m=0.3089, W_v=0.6911, dm_host_model='gaussian', dm_host_mu=100, dm_host_sigma=200, dm_igm_index=1000, dm_igm_sigma=None, dm_mw_model='ne2001', emission_range=[10000000.0,<PHONE_NUMBER>0.0], lum_range=[1e+40, 1e+45], lum_index=0, n_model='sfr', alpha=-1.5, w_model='lognormal', w_range=[0.1, 10], w_mu=0.1, w_sigma=0.5, si_mu=-1.4, si_sigma=1.0, z_max=2.5, generate=True)¶ Bases:
frbpoppy.population.Population
Generate a cosmic FRB population.
Generate a popuation of FRBs.
Parameters: - n_gen (int) – Number of FRB sources/sky/time to generate.
- days (float) – Number of days over which FRBs are generated.
- name (str) – Population name.
- H_0 (float) – Hubble constant.
- W_m (float) – Density parameter Ω_m.
- W_v (float) – Cosmological constant Ω_Λ.
- dm_host_model (float) – Dispersion measure host model. Options are ‘normal’ or ‘lognormal’.
- dm_host_mu (float) – Mean dispersion measure host [pc/cm^3].
- dm_host_sigma (float) – Deviation dispersion measure host [pc/cm^3].
- dm_igm_index (float) – Dispersion measure slope for IGM [pc/cm^3].
- dm_igm_sigma (float) – Scatter around dm_igm. Defaults 0.2*slope*z
- dm_mw_model (str) – Dispersion measure model for the Milky Way. Options are ‘ne2001’ or ‘zero’.
- emission_range (list) – The frequency range [Hz] between which FRB sources should emit the given bolometric luminosity.
- lum_range (list) – Bolometric luminosity (distance) range [erg/s].
- lum_index (float) – Power law index.
- n_model (str) – Number density model. Either ‘vol_co’, ‘sfr’ or ‘smd’.
- alpha (float) – Desired logN/logS of perfectly detected population.
- w_model (str) – Pulse width model, ‘lognormal’ or ‘uniform’.
- w_range (list) – Pulse width range [ms].
- w_mu (float) – Mean pulse width [ms].
- w_sigma (float) – Deviation pulse width [ms].
- si_mu (float) – Mean spectral index.
- si_sigma (float) – Standard deviation spectral index.
- z_max (float) – Maximum redshift.
- generate (bool) – Whether to create a population
Returns: Population of FRBs.
Return type: -
classmethod
complex
(n, generate=False)¶ Set up a complex population.
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gen_direction
()¶ Generate the direction of frbs.
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gen_dist
()¶ Generate distances.
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gen_dm
()¶ Generate dispersion measures.
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gen_dm_host
()¶ Generate dm host contributions.
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gen_gal_coords
()¶ Generate galactic coordinates.
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gen_lum
(shape)¶ Generate luminosities.
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gen_si
(shape)¶ Generate spectral indices.
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gen_w
(shape)¶ Generate pulse widths.
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generate
()¶ Generate all manner of intrinsic parameters.
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classmethod
simple
(n, generate=False)¶ Set up a simple, local population.
distributions¶
Define distributions from which to get random numbers.
-
distributions.
oppermann_pen
()¶ Following Oppermann & Pen (2017), simulate repeat times. :returns: List of burst times :rtype: ts (list)
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distributions.
powerlaw
(low, high, power, shape=1)¶ Return random variables distributed according to power law.
The power law distribution power is simply the power, not including a minus sign (P scales with x^n with n the power). A flat powerlaw can therefore be created by taking setting power to zero.
Parameters: - low (float) – Lower limit of distribution
- high (float) – Higher limit of distribution
- power (float) – Power of power law distribution
- shape (int/tuple) – Shape of array to be generated. Can also be a int.
Returns: Random variable picked from power law distribution
Return type: array
-
distributions.
trunc_norm
(mu, sigma, n_gen=1, lower=0, upper=inf)¶ Draw from a truncated normal distribution.
Parameters: - mu (number) – Mu
- sigma (number) – Sigma
- n_gen (number) – Number to generate
- lower (number) – Lower limit
- upper (number) – Upper limit
Returns: Numpy of required length
Return type: array
do_hist¶
Bin up Pandas DataFrames into histograms ready for Bokeh plotting.
-
do_hist.
histogram
(dfs, n_bins=50, log=False, mc=False, cum=False)¶ Quick function to ‘histogram’ each column of each dataframe.
Parameters: - dfs (list) – List of dataframes
- n_bins (int) – Number of bins
- log (bool) – Bin in log space or not
- mc (bool) – Whether running for a Monte Carlo plot
Returns: List of histogramed dataframes
Return type: hists (list)
do_plot¶
Start up Bokeh server.
-
do_plot.
plot
(*pops, files=[], frbcat=True, show=True, mute=True, port=5006, print_command=False)¶ Plot populations with bokeh. Has to save populations before plotting.
Parameters: - *pops (Population, optional) – Add the populations you would like to see plotted
- files (list, optional) – List of population files to plot.
- frbcat (bool, optional) – Whether to plot frbcat parameters. Defaults to True
- show (bool, optional) – Whether to display the plot or not. Mainly used for debugging purposes. Defaults to True.
- port (int) – The port on which to launch Bokeh
- print_command (bool) – Whether to show the command do_plot is running
frbcat¶
Do things with frbcat.
-
class
frbcat.
Frbcat
(frbpoppy=True, one_per_frb=True, repeat_bursts=True, repeaters=True, update=True)¶ Bases:
object
Do things with the frbcat.
Mostly used for playing nicely with frbpoppy. Get the pandas dataframe with Frbcat().df
Initializing.
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clean
()¶ Clean up the data.
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coor_trans
()¶ Apply coordinate transformations.
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filter
(one_per_frb=True, repeat_bursts=False, repeaters=True)¶ Filter frbcat in various ways.
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get
(internet=True, save=True, local=False)¶ Get frbcat from online or from a local file.
Parameters: - internet (bool) – Whether to get a new version of frbcat
- local (bool) – Whether to use a local version of frbcat
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match_surveys
(interrupt=True)¶ Match up frbs with surveys.
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to_pop
(df=None)¶ Convert to a Population object.
Please ensure self.clean() has been run first.
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url_to_df
(url)¶ Convert a url of a JSON table to a Pandas DataFrame.
Parameters: url (str) – URL to the webpage Returns: DataFrame of JSON table Return type: DataFrame
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urls_to_df
(endings, url)¶ Use Series to loop over multiple webpages.
Proceed to concatenate them to a single DataFrame
Parameters: - endings (iterables) – The list/series/column over which to loop
- url (str) – The base url
Returns: DataFrame
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frbs¶
Class to hold FRB source properties.
-
class
frbs.
FRBs
¶ Bases:
object
Class containing FRB properties
Initializing.
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apply
(mask)¶ Apply a Numpy array to all parameters.
Parameters: mask (array) – Masking array to apply to all frb parameters.
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to_csv
(path)¶ Export properties to a csv file.
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to_df
()¶ Convert properties over to a Pandas DataFrame.
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galacticops¶
Series of galactic operations (doesn’t that sound cool?!).
…as in converting coordinates, calculating DM etc.
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class
galacticops.
Redshift
(z, H_0=67.74, W_m=0.3089, W_v=0.6911)¶ Bases:
object
Class for converting redshift to other distance measures.
Convert redshift to a various measures.
Based on James Schombert’s python implementation of Edward L. Wright’s cosmology calculator.
Parameters: - z (array) – Redshift
- self.H_0 (float, optional) – Hubble parameter.
- self.W_m (float, optional) – Omega matter.
- self.W_v (float, optional) – Omega vacuum.
Returns: - One of the distance measures [Gpc], or comoving volume from
Earth to the source [Gpc^3]
Return type: array
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dist_co
()¶ Calculate the corresponding comoving distance [Gpc].
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dist_lum
()¶ Calculate the corresponding luminosity distance [Gpc].
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vol_co
()¶ Calculate the corresponding comoving volume [Gpc^3].
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galacticops.
dist_to_z
(dist, H_0=67.74)¶ Calculate redshift from a distance in Gpc.
Only holds for z <= 2. Formulas from ‘An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2nd Edition)’ by Bradley W. Carroll, Dale A. Ostlie. (Eq. 27.7)
Parameters: - dist (float) – Distance [Gpc].
- H_0 (float, optional) – Hubble parameter. Defaults to 67.74
Returns: Associated redshift
Return type: z (float)
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galacticops.
ergspers_to_watts
(e)¶ Quick converstion from luminosity given in ergs/s to Watts.
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galacticops.
frac_deg
(ra, dec)¶ Convert coordinates expressed in hh:mm:ss to fractional degrees.
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galacticops.
ioka_dm_igm
(z, slope=1200, sigma=None)¶ Calculate the contribution of the igm to the dispersion measure.
Follows Ioka (2003) and Inoue (2004)
Parameters: - z (float) – Redshift of source
- slope (int, optional) – Slope of relationship
Returns: Dispersion measure of intergalactic medium [pc/cm^3]
Return type: dm_igm (float)
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galacticops.
lb_to_radec
(l, b)¶ Convert galactic coordinates to RA, Dec.
Formulas from ‘An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2nd Edition)’ by Bradley W. Carroll, Dale A. Ostlie (Eq. 24.19 onwards).
NOTE: This function is not as accurate as the astropy conversion, nor as the Javascript calculators found online. However, as using astropy was prohibitively slow while running over large populations, frbpoppy uses this function. While this function is not as accurate, the under/over estimations of the coordinates are equally distributed meaning the errors cancel each other in the limit of large populations.
Parameters: - l (float) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- b (float) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
Returns: Right ascension and declination [fractional degrees]
Return type: ra, dec (float)
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galacticops.
lb_to_xyz
(gl, gb, dist)¶ Convert galactic coordinates to galactic XYZ.
Parameters: - l (float) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- b (float) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
- dist (float) – Distance to source [Gpc]
Returns: Galactic XYZ [Gpc]
Return type: gx, gy, gz
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galacticops.
load_T_sky
()¶ Read the Haslam sky temperature map into a list from which temperatures can be retrieved. The temperature sky map is given in the weird units of HealPix, and despite looking up info on this coordinate system, I don’t have the foggiest idea of how to transform these to galactic coordinates. I have therefore directly copied the following code from psrpoppy in the assumption Sam Bates managed to figure it out.
Returns: List of sky temperatures in HealPix? coordinates? Return type: t_sky_list (list)
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galacticops.
ne2001_dist_to_dm
(dist, gl, gb)¶ Convert position to a dispersion measure using NE2001.
Parameters: - dist (float) – Distance to source [Gpc]. Distance will be cut at 100kpc, as NE2001 can not cope with larger distances. This value should be more than enough to clear the Milky Way.
- gl (float) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- gb (float) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
Returns: Dispersion measure [pc*cm^-3]
Return type: dm (float)
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galacticops.
ne2001_get_smtau
(dist, gl, gb)¶ Use the NE2001 model to calculate scattering measure.
Calculations based on work presented in Cordes & Lazio (1991, DOI: 10.1086/170261)
Parameters: - dist (array) – Distance to source [kpc]. Distance will be cut at 100 kpc as NE2001 can not cope with larger distances. Therefore the calculated scattering will only be that from the Milky Way.
- gl (array) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- gb (array) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
Returns: Scattering measure smtau (array): Scattering measure, but unsure why different to sm
Return type: sm (array)
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galacticops.
ne2001_scint_time_bw
(dist, gl, gb, freq)¶ Use the NE2001 model to get the diffractive scintillation timescale.
Parameters: - dist (array) – Distance to source [Gpc]. Distance will be cut at 100 kpc as NE2001 can not cope with larger distances. Therefore the calculated scintillation timescale will only be that from the Milky Way.
- gl (array) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- gb (array) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
- freq (float) – Observing frequency [MHz]
Returns: Diffractive scintillation timescale [Hz] scint_bw (float): Scintillation bandwidth [Hz]
Return type: scint_time (float)
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galacticops.
radec_to_lb
(ra, dec, frac=False)¶ Convert from ra, dec to galactic coordinates.
Formulas from ‘An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2nd Edition)’ by Bradley W. Carroll, Dale A. Ostlie (Eq. 24.16 onwards).
NOTE: This function is not as accurate as the astropy conversion, nor as the Javascript calculators found online. However, as using astropy was prohibitively slow while running over large populations, we use this function. While this function is not as accurate, the under/over estimations of the coordinates are equally distributed meaning the errors cancel each other in the limit of large populations.
Parameters: - ra (string) – Right ascension given in the form ‘19:06:53’
- dec (string) – Declination given in the form ‘-40:37:14’
- frac (bool) – Denote whether coordinates are already fractional or not
Returns: Galactic longitude and latitude [fractional degrees]
Return type: gl, gb (float)
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galacticops.
scatter_bhat
(dm, offset=-6.46, scindex=-3.86, freq=1400.0)¶ Calculate scattering timescale (values default to those from Bhat et al. (2004, DOI:10.1086/382680) and to simluate the scatter around this relationship, draw from a Gaussian around this value.
Parameters: - dm (array) – Dispersion measure [pc*cm^-3]
- offset (float) – Offset of scattering relationship. Defaults to -6.46
- scindex (float) – Scattering index. Defaults to -3.86
- freq (float) – Frequency at which to evaluate scattering time [MHz]. Defaults to 1400 MHz
Returns: Scattering timescale [ms]
Return type: array
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galacticops.
separation
(ra_1, dec_1, ra_2, dec_2)¶ Separation between points on sky [degree].
Using a special case of the Vincenty formula for an ellipsoid with equal major and minor axes.
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance for more info.
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galacticops.
z_to_d_approx
(z, H_0=67.74)¶ Calculate distance in Gpc from a redshift.
Only holds for z <= 2. Formulas from ‘An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2nd Edition)’ by Bradley W. Carroll, Dale A. Ostlie. (Eq. 27.7)
Parameters: - z (float) – Redshift
- H_0 (float, optional) – Hubble parameter. Defaults to 67.74
Returns: Associated distance [Gpc]
Return type: dist (float)
large_pop¶
Methods to deal with large populations.
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class
large_pop.
LargePopulation
(pop, *surveys, max_size=10000000.0, run=True)¶ Bases:
object
Method to deal with a large population.
Basically splits it up, and merges the results.
Set arguments.
-
merge
()¶
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run
()¶
-
-
large_pop.
main
()¶ Compare a standard Survey Population with a Large Survey Population.
log¶
Quick and dirty logging functions.
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log.
hist
(parameter, bins='lin', n_bins=25, norm=True)¶ Bin up a parameter either in a lin or log space.
Why is this not a standard option in numpy or matplotlib?
Parameters: - parameter (array) – To be binned
- bins (str) – Either ‘lin’ or ‘log’
- n_bins (int) – Number of bins. Can be overriden internally
- norm (bool) – Whether to normalise
Returns: bin centers, values per bin
Return type: tuple
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log.
pprint
(*s, output=True)¶ Hack to make for more informative print statements.
-
log.
progressbar
(it, prefix='', size=69, file=<_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>)¶ Progressbar from adapted from Stack Overflow.
Parameters: - it (generator) – range of values
- prefix (str) – Words displayed before the progress bar
- size (int) – Display width
- file – Where to direct output
Returns: Description of returned object.
Return type: type
number_density¶
Group together various number density descriptors.
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class
number_density.
NumberDensity
(model='vol_co', z_max=6.0, H_0=67.74, W_m=0.3089, W_v=0.6911, alpha=-1.5)¶ Bases:
object
Class for cosmic number density.
Draw from particular number density distributions.
Parameters: - model (str) – Which number density to follow.
- z_max (float) – Maximum redshift to which to draw.
- vol_co_max (float, optional) – Maximum comoving redshift [Gpc^3].
- dist_co_max (float, optional) – Maximum comoving distance [Gpc].
- alpha (float, optional) – Desired log N log S slope for a perfect, non-cosmological population.
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from_sfr
(n_gen=1)¶ Get sources to follow star forming rate.
Return a random redshift for sources following the Star Formation Rate.
Follows Madau & Dickinson (2014), eq. 15. For more info see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.0007.pdf
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from_smd
(n_gen=1)¶ Return a random redshift for sources following Stellar Mass Density.
Follows Madau & Dickinson (2014), eq. 2 & 15. For more info see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.0007.pdf
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from_vol_co
(n_gen=1)¶ Use constant number density of sources per comoving volume.
Can be influenced by changing alpha.
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sloped_dist
(n_gen=1)¶ Draw from a sloped distribution to create a logNlogS slope.
paths¶
Set all possible needed paths.
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class
paths.
Paths
¶ Bases:
object
All directory paths.
Initialise.
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check
(path)¶ Perform checks on path.
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data
(*args)¶ Where all results are to be stored.
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frbcat
(*args)¶ Where all frbcatalogues are to be stored.
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models
(*args)¶ Where all models are to be stored.
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populations
(*args)¶ Where all populations are to be stored.
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store
(name, default, *args)¶ Where files are to be stored.
Parameters: - name (str) – Which group of files, populations, results etc
- default (str) – Default path for the group
Returns: The path of the group
Return type: path (str)
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surveys
(*args)¶ Where all surveys are to be stored.
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plot¶
Allow FRB populations to be explored interactively.
Can be run with:
$ bokeh serve –show code/plot.py –args <pop_example.csv>
in which all csv-files with populations can be given after --args
, and as
well as the optional arguments of -noshow
and -nofrbcat
, to
respectively not show the resulting plot, and to not overplot frbcat
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class
plot.
Plot
(files=[], frbcat=True)¶ Bases:
object
Gather plotting options.
Initializing.
-
get_data
()¶ Read in populations.
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make_histogram
(kind='lin')¶ Set up a histogram plot.
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make_scatter
()¶ Set up a scatter plot.
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set_colours
()¶ Determine which colours need to be used.
-
set_layout
()¶ Create the plot layout.
-
set_widgets
()¶ Set up widget details.
-
update
()¶ Update plots when interacted with.
-
-
class
plot.
Tab
¶ Bases:
object
Gather all elements needed for a plot.
Initializing.
population¶
Define a class to hold a population of FRBs.
-
class
population.
Population
¶ Bases:
object
Class to hold a population of FRBs.
Initializing.
-
save
(path=None)¶ Write out source properties as data file.
Parameters: path (str) – Path to which to save.
-
to_csv
(path)¶ Write a population to a csv file.
Parameters: path (str) – Path to which to write
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to_df
()¶ Gather source values into a pandas dataframe.
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to_pickle
(path)¶ Write a population to a pickled file for future use.
Parameters: path (str) – Path to which to write
-
-
population.
split_pop
(pop, mask)¶ Split a population.
Parameters: - pop (Population) – Population to be split
- mask (Numpy) – Numpy boolean mask
Returns: Tuple of population classes
Return type: tuple
-
population.
unpickle
(filename=None, uid=None)¶ Quick function to unpickle a population.
Parameters: - filename (str, optional) – Define the path to the pickled population, or give the population name
- uid (str, optional) – Unique Identifier
Returns: Population class
Return type:
precalc¶
Create a lookup tables for redshift and the NE2001 dispersion measure.
-
class
precalc.
DistanceTable
(H_0=67.74, W_m=0.3089, W_v=0.6911, test=False)¶ Bases:
object
Create/use a lookup table for comoving distance, volume, redshift etc.
Create a list of tuples to lookup the corresponding redshift for a comoving distance [Gpc] (or the other way around). Uses formulas from Hoggs et al. (1999) for the cosmological calculations. To avoid long calculation times, it will check if a previous run with the same parameters has been done, which it will then load it. If not, it will calculate a new table, and save the table for later runs. Covers z, dist, vol, dvol, cdf_sfr and cdf_smd.
Parameters: - H_0 (float, optional) – Hubble parameter. Defaults to 67.74 km/s/Mpc
- W_m (float, optional) – Omega matter. Defaults to 0.3089
- W_k (float, optional) – Omega vacuum. Defaults to 0.6911
Initializing.
-
create_table
()¶ Create a lookup table for distances.
-
lookup
(z=None, dist_co=None, vol_co=None, dvol_co=None, cdf_sfr=None, cdf_smd=None)¶ Look up associated values with input values.
-
set_file_name
()¶ Determine filename.
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class
precalc.
NE2001Table
(test=False)¶ Bases:
object
Create/use a NE2001 lookup table for dispersion measure.
Initializing.
-
create_table
(parallel=True)¶ Create a lookup table for dispersion measure.
-
lookup
(gal, gab)¶ Look up associated milky way dispersion measure with gal coords.
Parameters: - gl (array) – Galactic longitude [fractional degrees]
- gb (array) – Galactic latitude [fractional degrees]
Returns: Galactic dispersion measure [pc*cm^-3]
Return type: dm_mw (float)
-
set_file_name
()¶ Determine filename.
-
-
precalc.
sfr
(z)¶ Return the number density of star forming rate at redshift z.
Follows Madau & Dickinson (2014), eq. 15. For more info see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.0007.pdf
-
precalc.
smd
(z, H_0=67.74, W_m=0.3089, W_v=0.6911)¶ Return the number density of Stellar Mass Density at redshift z.
Follows Madau & Dickinson (2014), eq. 2 & 15. For more info see https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.0007.pdf
rates¶
Classes to hold rate counters.
-
class
rates.
Rates
¶ Bases:
object
Class to hold rate counters.
Initializing.
-
exp
¶ Days before an FRB is detected.
-
tot
()¶ Calculate the total number of rates.
-
-
rates.
scale
(rates, area=True, time=False)¶ Scale rates.
survey_pop¶
Class to generate a survey population of FRBs.
-
class
survey_pop.
SurveyPopulation
(cosmic_pop, survey, scat=False, scin=False, rate_limit=True)¶ Bases:
frbpoppy.population.Population
Class to create a survey population of FRBs.
Run a survey to detect FRB sources.
Parameters: - cosmic_pop (Population) – Population class of FRB sources to observe
- survey (Survey) – Survey class with which to observe
- scat (bool, optional) – Whether to include scattering in signal to noise calculations.
- scin (bool, optional) – Whether to apply scintillation to observations.
- rate_limit (bool, optional) – Whether to limit detections by 1/(1+z) due to limitation in observing time
-
calc_logn_logs
(parameter='fluence', min_p=None, max_p=None)¶ TODO. Currently unfinished.
-
calc_rates
(survey)¶ Calculate the relative detection rates.
-
rates
(scale_area=True, scale_time=False)¶ Scale the rates by the beam area and time.
survey¶
Class holding survey properties.
-
class
survey.
Survey
(name, gain_pattern='gaussian', n_sidelobes=0.5, pointings=[], max_time=1)¶ Bases:
object
Method containing survey parameters and functions.
Parameters: - name (str) – Name of survey with which to observe population. Can either be a predefined survey present in frbpoppy or a path name to a new survey filename
- gain_pattern (str) – Set gain pattern
- n_sidelobes (float) – Number of sidelobes to include. Use 0.5 for cutting beam at FWHM
- pointings (list) – List of (RA, Dec) coordinates
- max_time (float) – Maximum time spent surveying [days]
Initializing.
-
calc_T_sky
(frbs)¶ Calculate the sky temperature from the Haslam table.
Afterwards scale to the survey frequency. The temperature sky map is given in the weird units of HealPix and despite looking up info on this coordinate system, I don’t have the foggiest idea of how to transform these to galactic coordinates. I have therefore directly copied the following code from psrpoppy in the assumption Sam Bates managed to figure it out.
Parameters: frbs (FRBs) – Needed for coordinates Returns: Sky temperature [K] Return type: array
-
calc_Ts
(frbs)¶ Set temperatures for frbs.
-
calc_fluence
(frbs)¶ Calculate fluence [Jy*ms].
-
calc_fluence_limit
(w_eff=None)¶ Calculate the fluence limit.
Read Keane, Petroff (2015) for more details on how this is calculated.
Parameters: w_eff – Pulse width at which to calculate the fluence limit [ms]. Default sets this to be at the maximum searched pulse width. Returns: Fluence limit for a maximum pulse width burst [Jy ms] Return type: float
-
calc_s_peak
(frbs, f_low=10000000.0, f_high=10000000000.0)¶ Calculate the mean spectral flux density.
Following Lorimer et al, 2013, eq. 9., at the central frequency of the survey.
Parameters: - frbs (FRBs) – FRBs
- f_low (float) – Source emission lower frequency limit [Hz].
- f_high (float) – Source emission higher frequency limit [Hz].
Returns: Mean spectral flux density [Jy]
Return type: array
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calc_scat
(dm)¶ Calculate scattering timescale for FRBs.
Offset according to Lorimer et al. (doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt098)
Parameters: dm (array) – Dispersion Measure Returns: Scattering timescales [ms] Return type: array
-
calc_scint
(frbs)¶ Calculate scintillation effect on the signal to noise ratio.
(Rather than adapting the flux, as the snr can change per survey attempt). Formulas based on ‘Handbook of Pulsar Astronomy” by Duncan Lorimer & Michael Kramer, section 4.2. Test this before applying - no rigorous testing has been applied to this.
Parameters: frbs (FRBs) – FRBs Returns: Signal to noise ratio modulation factors for scintillation Return type: array
-
calc_snr
(frbs)¶ Caculate the SNR of several frbs.
Radiometer equation for single pulse (Dewey et al., 1984), but adapted to allow for a degradation factor reducing the peak flux as a pulse is stretched
Parameters: frbs (FRBs) – FRBs of which to calculate the signal to noise Returns: - Signal to noise ratio based on the radiometer
- equation for a single pulse.
Return type: array
-
calc_w_eff
(frbs)¶ Calculate effective pulse width [ms].
From Narayan (1987, DOI: 10.1086/165442), and also Cordes & McLaughlin (2003, DOI: 10.1086/378231). For details see p. 30 of Emily Petroff’s thesis (2016), found here: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/417307
Parameters: frbs (FRBs) – FRBs for which to calculate effective pulse width. Returns: Effective pulse width [ms] Return type: array
-
dm_smear
(frbs)¶ Calculate delay in pulse across a channel due to dm smearing.
Formula’s based on ‘Handbook of Pulsar Astronomy” by Duncan Lorimer & Michael Kramer, section A2.4. Note the power of the forefactor has changed due to the central frequency being given in MHz.
Parameters: frbs (FRBs) – FRB object with a dm attribute Returns: Time of delay [ms] at central band frequency Return type: t_dm (array)
-
in_pointings
(frbs)¶ Whether within pointing.
-
in_region
(frbs)¶ Check if the given frbs are within the survey region.
Parameters: frbs (Frbs) – Frbs of which to check whether in survey region Returns: Boolean mask denoting whether frbs are within survey region Return type: array
-
in_time
(frbs)¶ For RepeaterPopulation only.
-
intensity_profile
(shape=1, dimensions=2, rep_loc='random')¶ Calculate intensity profile.
Parameters: - shape (tuple) – Usually the shape of frbs.s_peak
- dimensions (int) – Use a 2D beampattern or a 1D one.
- rep_loc (str) – ‘same’ or ‘random’. Whether repeaters are observed in the same spot or a different spot
Returns: intensity profile, offset from beam [arcmin]
Return type: array, array
-
max_offset
(x)¶ Calculate the maximum offset of an FRB in an Airy disk.
Parameters: x (int) – Maximum sidelobe wanted
-
read_survey_parameters
()¶ Read in survey parameters.


We take pride in helping our service members, their families, and the organizations that support them.
We attend military pre-deployment events, host educational conference calls, and meetings with groups across the country both in person and virtually to share information and tips for shipping. Service members and their families can find us on Military OneSource in the community resources, and we still volunteer at packing events because we love it!
We are passionate about what we do and look forward to sharing our knowledge with you.
Lets Get you in touch with an expert...
They will help you get your care packages out in no time.
Some things we will go over...
and some frequently asked questions
Shpthrifty.com is a Free shipping tool. We don't charge a user fee or monthly fees to use the application. It is one of the ways we give back. The pricing that comes up on the system is what you will pay when you check out. Insurance is an optional add on. Enter accurate box dimensions and weights, and you're good to go.
Most people get boxes from the carriers through the website or physical location. Boxes can also be ordered online or picked up at local retailers who carry shipping supplies and local home improvement stores. Carrier branded boxes can only be used with the specified carrier.
Shipthrifty can be used to create shipping labels for any shipping you need to do. Whether you're sending packages to family members, needing a turn-key business solution, or sending packages to an APO, FPO, DPO, we have the tools to make it easy to do and save you some money.
You don't need a special customs form when you use Shipthrifty.com because the customs information prints right on your shipping label.
To disclose the items in your package, you'll use proper nouns such as hygiene, snacks, games, etc. The number of items is how many things are in the box; the average value is the average price of each item in the package. (Example: 5 items at $5 apiece is a $25 package.) When doing similar large package quantities, this can be the best estimate and copied on multiple labels. You will want to avoid restricted items to ensure your package is not sent back for violating regulations.
Because you create and pay for your shipping label online, you avoid the line at the post office and skip hand entry of your postal clerk's customs information.
Once you complete your shipping details, you will check out. Shipments are paid for by credit card at check out or by mailing a check before shipping. You can also use your credit card to load your My Wallet in the admin area before making shipments. Credit card payments process through Stripe. They have token identification, so card information is not stored directly on our platform. Many large companies use the service (Google, Target, Salesforce, NASDAQ, Shopify, Expedia, etc.)
Just drop it off at a designated drop-off location for the carrier you printed the label for. If you used USPS, you could place it in your mailbox (if it fits), skip the line and put it on the drop-off counter, or schedule a pickup. If you have many packages or larger, heavier ones, we recommend calling your local post office to ensure they can pick up. Pickup availability varies by location and staffing.


CAF 2019 award: Gernot Rohr nominated for the best coach category
- CAF 2019 award's nominees for various categories has been announced by the body
- Gernot Rohr will go in battle with Algeria and Senegal coaches for the men's category
- Nigeria won bronze medal at the 2019 Nations Cup in Egypt beating Tunisia in third place tie
Super Eagles gaffer Gernot Rohr has been nominated among the 10 coaches who will fight for the Confederation of African Football (CAF) 2019 best coach of the year award.
Gernot Rohr led the Super Eagles to win bronze medal at the 2019 African Cup of Nations in Egypt where Nigeria defeated Tunisia in the third place match.
Nigeria had the target of reaching the final of the 2019 Nations Cup having missed the last two editions, but they were defeated in the semifinal by Algeria.
Algeria went on to win the championship beating Senegal in the final of the 2019 Nations Cup.
Bayelsa election: This is what we will do about court ruling disqualifying APC - INEC
Also, Gernot Rohr has started the qualification race for the 2021 Nations Cup on a good note with the Super Eagles beating Benin and Lesotho in their first two games.
Meanwhile, Gernot Rohr will face serious competition from nine other coaches for the 2019 CAF award who is Algeria coach Djamel Belmadi.
Djamel Belmadi has even been tipped to win this award by fans following his impressive show in Egypt helping Algeria to win the 2019 AFCON.
Aliou Cisse who took Senegal to the final of the 2019 Nations Cup is also among the coaches who will fight for this award.
Meanwhile, former Super Falcons coach Thomas Dennerby is also among the coaches who will fight for 2019 Women's coach of the year.
Earlier, Legit.ng had reported how Gernot Rohr who is the head coach of the Super Eagles of Nigeria rubbished the reports linking him from his present position with the Nigeria Football Federation (NFF).
Bayelsa election: I never prayed court to nullify primary - Lokpobiri
After steering the Super Eagles to win bronze medal at the AFCON 2019, there have been speculation that Gernot Rohr could be on his way out of the Super Eagles.
Abu Azeez: Meet the only Nigerian rated among top 50 beach soccer players worldwide | Legit TV


2016-10-02
Just one more episode…
Have you ever caught yourself looking at the clock and realizing you’ve been watching Netflix the entire day?
This experience is the result of tweaks and optimizations over the years to craft a well-thought UX. To understand the decisions made, we first need to understand the goal of Netflix. They succeed when people watch. This is obvious from the “binge watching" movement they created by simply making entire seasons of shows we loved available at once. And that was good enough for a while.
Give me all the episodes!
If we look at Netflix through the lens of Nir Eyal’s Hooked model, we can easily see the steps they want us to take.
Trigger: I’m bored.
Action: Open Netflix
Reward: Find something entertaining
Investment: Watch something
This hook is nothing revolutionary. Every video company in history has pretty much followed this model. The trick is getting someone to come back. How do you convince someone that opening your app is the best action to take when you’re bored? You have some stuff competition, after all.
And this doesn’t even include behemoths like Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat (Source: Techradar)
The clear first step for Netflix was to show a prompt for the next episode. This was an external trigger to send someone back into the hook. But this still required a decision on whether you wanted to continue watching (i.e. investing) or not.
The simple, yet impactful, change they made was auto-play. By starting the next episode of a show while the credits roll, they completely removed the action—shortening their hook to a continuous reward and investment. Brilliant.
The credits keep playing, but you preview the next episode with a countdown timer (enticing).
Clearly, this is a common UX among video companies now…
And for good reason. The smaller you can make your product’s hook, the less involved people need to be to complete the hook, the easier it is to develop a habit.
With that part of the hook optimized, Netflix has looked elsewhere to see where else it can nurture the hook. I don’t have data, but from personal experience I bet a lot of people fall off at the “find something interesting” stage simply due to decision paralysis. So now they’re experimenting with auto-playing trailers as you browse to *give you *something interesting to add to your list. I wouldn’t be surprised if they start putting recommendations directly in “My List” or sending notifications to go through it.
As with any good product, Netflix deeply understands its customers and what job they are being hired to fulfill. They understand the behavioral hook triggered by boredom and how to optimize it. The product lesson here is that optimization can often be removing steps entirely, not only making them easier.
So the next time you’re optimizing a flow, don’t just ask yourself how you can make decisions easier. Ask yourself how you can remove the decision entirely.
Disclaimer: As Nir Eyal always says, using these kind of techniques is manipulative. And it’s a fine line between changing habits and fostering addiction. Don’t be evil.


A.O.R
WELCOME TO THE ADVENTURES OF RAMLAL
SELECT ANYONE OF THE FOLLOWING MINI GAMES TO START PLAYING
ADVENTURE 1 (REACH THE END)
ADVENTURE 2 (REACH THE END)
ADVENTURE 3 (SAVE THE GOOD KILL THE EVIL)
HINT : PRESS X TO SHOOT
ADVENTURE 4 (REACH THE END)
ADVENTURE 5 (REACH THE LAST PLATFORM)


you would have to do a lot of masterternodes to have a chance that enough of them would end up in the same LLMQ
there is no need for complete control, i.e., ownership
just need to bribe the owners
the worst thing he can do is not create a ChainLock, which in the end means the system will fall back to a pure PoW system in the short term
I don't think this is true, with majority control over LLMQ and enough mining power, a chain locked block could be overwritten


{% extends 'registration/login_base.html' %} {% block title %}VIA-1 - Reset Password{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Enter your new password.
The password reset link was invalid, possibly because it has already been used. Please request a new password reset.


Containerization is a fake OS that's only used when you want to run your code. Container has one kernel which is
host OS and one kernel cannot be divided into several kernel machines. You can run a working server in a
container. Containerization does not need a "Guest OS" it can run via "Host OS". Guest OS is part of a Virtual
Machine it has all attributes that an Host OS has. Container contains all the run time, libraries, and binaries
to run an application. Containers ability to package up a lot of dependencies from the OS in one container does
not have much OS dependencies. As for containers we stick to stick with physical infrastructure.
Benefits of Containerization:


Oregon & Open Source
Here. My testimony against the first state law to mandate that open source software be preferred over proprietary source software. Bottom line: I was against it and the chairman of the committee at the open hearings seemed to agree with me.


-
2023 Research Progress Updates
Research updates starting from 2023. Subscribe for an email update list there.
-
2020 From the ground up
A step-by-step exploration of the beautiful world of computation, mathematics, physics, and engineering.
- 2019 Experiments with Cellular Automata


Vectorized query, returning only answers in a data frame
bulk_query(entities, type = 1, edns_client_subnet = "<IP_ADDRESS>/0")
<IP_ADDRESS>/24
,
2001:700:300::/48
.
If you are using DNS-over-HTTPS because of privacy concerns, and do
not want any part of your IP address to be sent to authoritative
nameservers for geographic location accuracy, use
edns_client_subnet=<IP_ADDRESS>/0
. Google Public DNS normally sends
approximate network information (usually replacing the last part of
your IPv4 address with zeroes). <IP_ADDRESS>/0
is the default.data.frame
of only answers (use query()
for detailed responses)
this is a fairly naive function. It expects Answer
to be one of the
return value list slots. The intent for it was to make it easier
to do bulk forward queries. It will get smarter in future versions.
hosts <- c("rud.is", "dds.ec", "r-project.org", "rstudio.com", "apple.com") gdns::bulk_query(hosts)#> name type TTL data #> 1 rud.is. 1 3599 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 2 dds.ec. 1 299 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 3 r-project.org. 1 7199 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 4 rstudio.com. 1 3599 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 5 apple.com. 1 1006 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 6 apple.com. 1 1006 <IP_ADDRESS> #> 7 apple.com. 1 1006 <IP_ADDRESS> #>


Taking on more practice with device design, thinking about a future that might be..
This was my first time trying hard surface, wanted to keep it simple with a speaker / screen design.
First started with a minimal toaster like design, eventually threw in the idea of what if your amazon subscription played a role in this.
Simple UI, scan QR code to open up webpage to renew based on account.
The idea was to let you tune into the factories of these companies and hear what's really going on.
Utilized Fusion360 with this device design, spent more time with the UI this time.
Really enjoyed the watermark label design explorations.
What if there was a device that could track all of your vitals while working.
Device to track your astral projections.
In Retrospective
Plenty of hard surface practice was happening during these months while working on them, eager to come back and throw in some animations.


{# planet/hide_entry.html ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This template is (unlike the other action templates) not a full HTML page but flashed to the show action. So keep it small, it's in a cookie! :copyright: (c) 2013-2019 by the Inyoka Team, see AUTHORS for more details. :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. #} {% import 'macros.html' as macros %} {% set tmp_label = _('Restore') if entry.hidden else _('Hide') %} {% call macros.outer_form(csrf_token(), action=href('planet', 'hide', entry.id)|e, submit_label=tmp_label) %}
{% if entry.hidden %} {% trans %}Are you sure you want to restore the entry?{% endtrans %} {% else %} {% trans %}Are you sure you want to hide the entry?{% endtrans %} {% endif %}
{% endcall %}


CYBORG 3: THE RECYCLER A film review by Tim Voon Copyright 1997 Tim Voon
Certification: USA:R MPAA reasons. Rated R for non-stop violence, and for some nudity. Directed by Michael Schroeder Cast : Zach Galligan, Khrystyne Haje, Richard Lynch, Andrew Bryniarski, Malcolm McDowell, Michael Bailey Smith, Evan Lurie, Bill Quin, Rebecca Ferratti, William Katt, Dave McSwain, Margaret Avery. Written by Barry Victor, Troy Bolotnick
Enjoyment can be derived from what is considered B-Grade action thrillers, with bad acting, embarrassing dialogue and numerous plot loop holes.
The story revolves about the end of the 'Golden Age' between the humans and cyborgs, in which humans now hunt the cyborgs for their spare parts. The free cyborgs have hidden themselves in a secret location called 'Cyborg Town' which the bounty hunters are unable to find.
We are then introduced to Cash a female cyborg who is able to have children, this is when the plot gets a bit hairy, and the laughs begin. Supposedly her human lover\owner dies after successfully mating with her. She is supposed to be an older model who has been around for awhile so one wanders how well her eggs are holding out; she feels an energy drain, wants an abortion, but then decides to keep the baby so goes looking for a hermit scientist whilst being chased by human bounty hunters who are intrigued by her spare parts.
If your mind isn't quite boggled by the complexities of this plot, mine is.
Anyway, she finds the scientist, he takes her to Cyborg Town for protection, opens her up like a dishwasher because her first trimester is over, whips out what looks like a fly spray can which is supposedly her womb, and passes it around to all the other cyborgs to have a good gawk at in order to inspire a patriotic will to fight the human bounty hunters who are breathing down their necks.
One wanders how the foetus is going to advance the next two trimesters in something as small as that, or why the cyborgs, who are made completely of machinery are so afraid of the humans. Whatever happened to the precedence set by 'Terminator'. I'm shaking my head with great disbelief at this point, but the story must go on.
The cyborgs finally gather enough courage to make a stand against the human bounty hunters, a fight ensues in which the cyborgs win, but not before the foetus in a can is tossed about as ransom by the chief bounty hunter, who gets shot by Cash the mother, but the foetus in a can is squished to death by the bounty hunter's last ounce of strength.
I figured at this point that perhaps the writers were trying to make a statement about the unfairness of life.
But alas, when all the cyborgs are looking glummed face at not having saved the foetus, Cash smugly states that she hid the real foetus in a can and the one that was squished was only a fake.
At this point I truly believe that there is no justice in this world.
Anyway, this movie was so bad that it was mildly entertaining.
- Timothy Voon e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Available for download soon.
It is argued that physical art is best viewed in person; that digital reproductions lack the ability to be experienced as the artist intended. However, we’re interested in the unique affordances of art reproduced on screens. Most notably, artworks can be viewed in context of one another even if they are in different physical locations. Unless they are installed in the same gallery, reproductions are the only way to view the relationship between works of art.
By creating a browser extension that places two random works of art side-by-side, the viewer is given the opportunity to consider the relationship between them and make formal and conceptual comparisons they might not otherwise consider. This also allows for the passive consumption of art over time and integrates art criticism into the user’s daily routine.


Implements a procedure for forecasting time series data based on an additive model where non-linear trends are fit with yearly, weekly, and daily seasonality, plus holiday effects. It works best with time series that have strong seasonal effects and several seasons of historical data. Prophet is robust to missing data and shifts in the trend, and typically handles outliers well.
| Version: | <IP_ADDRESS> |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.3), Rcpp (≥ 0.12.0) |
| Imports: | dplyr (≥ 0.5.0), dygraphs (≥ <IP_ADDRESS>), extraDistr, ggplot2, grid, rstan (≥ 2.14.0), scales, stats, tidyr (≥ 0.6.1), xts |
| Suggests: | knitr, testthat, readr |
| Published: | 2018-06-15 |
| Author: | Sean Taylor [cre, aut], Ben Letham [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Sean Taylor <sjt at fb.com> |
| License: | BSD_3_clause + file LICENSE |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | C++11 |
| In views: | MissingData, TimeSeries |
| CRAN checks: | prophet results |
| Reference manual: | prophet.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Quick Start Guide to Using Prophet |
| Package source: | prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-release: prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-oldrel: prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz, r-oldrel: prophet_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz |
| Old sources: | prophet archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=prophet to link to this page.


With this API we try to make more accesible and tech easy retrieve data from AERONET archieves
Retrieve all records from a location called Burjassot
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days/find?Locations=Burjassot
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days/find?Locations=Burjassot
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" ":/days/find?Locations=Burjassot"
Retrieve all data from a location called Burjassot certain on fiveteen of Agoust 2003
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days/find?Locations=Burjassot&Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=15:07:2003
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days/find?Locations=Burjassot&Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=16:04:2013
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" ":/days/find?Locations=Burjassot&Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=16:04:2013"
Retrieve all data from all locations on fiveteen of Agoust 2003
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days/find?Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=15:07:2003
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days/find?Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=15:07:2003
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" ":/days/find?Date(dd-mm-yyyy)=15:07:2003"
Retrieve all data from points with elevation >= 1000 meters
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days?where={"elev":{">=":1000}}
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days?where={"elev":{">=":1000}}
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -g -i -H "Accept: application/json" ':/days?where={"elev":{">=":1000}}'
Retrieve all data from points with elevation >= 1000 meters on fiveteen of Agoust 2003
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days?where={"Date(dd-mm-yyyy)":"15:07:2003","elev":{">=":1000}}
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days?where={"Date(dd-mm-yyyy)":"15:07:2003","elev":{">=":1000}}
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -g -i -H "Accept: application/json" ':/days?where={"Date(dd-mm-yyyy)":"15:07:2003","elev":{">=":1000}}'
Retrieve all data when Water(cm) variable is equal or greater than 2.5 cm
http://[serverIP]:[PORT]/days?where={"Water(cm)":{">=":2.5}}
Web bowser http example, click on link icon
http://:/days?where={"Water(cm)":{">=":2.5}}
Curl example, copy (click on terminal command) and paste to your terminal
curl -g -i -H "Accept: application/json" ':/days?where={"Water(cm)":{">=":2.5}}'
The sky can give us much information , it will be analyzed usig the images that are sent from a mobile device and the result will be stored in a database. This database will be accesible through a web application.
A colaborative Application to measure the aerosol particles in the air by images taken with a mobile device. Those images will be process and store into a server. The data extracted from images will be compared with the nearest AERONET Station (AEROSOL ROBOTIC NETWORK). Both, data and images, will be available to public on a web.
Fork me on GitHub


Make a claim
You can only use this service if you have returned your declaration.
Use this service to:
- Provide payments claim information
- Add payee details
- Submit your receipts
Before you start
You will need to have:
- Payee bank details
- Claim receipts
- Contact details for the person who will verify your receipts


2 of the Core Extensions are also loaded in this app.
Reference: https://forge.autodesk.com/blog/publicly-share-models-customized-viewer


--- layout: post title: Git Investigation ---
I've been trying to learn git and I've decided that the next way to really get famliar with it is to use it with one of the teams I am on. They are using svn, so I have used git-svn to create the the mapper between the two. I wrote up a cheat sheet for myself with git flow I want to use and the reference links I used. If anyone can recommend any improvements let me know.


Generates random text and stores it in the specified property.
| Attribute | Description | Required |
|---|---|---|
| format |
Format of the output. Valid values are:
|
No, defaults to plain |
| method |
What kind of text to use. Valid values are:
|
No, defaults to loremipsum |
| property | The name of the property the text will be stored as. |
Yes |
| paragraphs | The number of paragraphs of text to generate. Note: Limit is 49. |
No, default is 5 |
<randomtext property="li"/>
Generates 5 paragraphs of loremipsum text and stores it in the property li.
<randomtext property="li" format="html" method="bible" paragraphs="20"/>
Generates 20 paragraphs of bibleipsum text and stores it in the property li as html output.


"MEN WITH GUNS" (USA, 1998) A Film Review by James Kendrick ***1/2 (out of ****)
Director: John Sayles || Screenplay: John Sayles || Stars: Federico Luppi (Dr. Fuentes), Damián Delgado (Domingo, the Soldier), Dan Rivera González (Conejo, the Boy), Tania Cruz (Graciela, the Mute Girl), Damián Alcázar (Padre Portillo, the Priest), Mandy Patinkin (Andrew), Kathryn Grody (Harriet), Iguandili López (Mother), Nandi Luna Ramírez (Daughter), Rafael de Quevedo (General) || MPAA Rating: R
John Sayles' "Men With Guns" is about what happens to a society when brute force and constant threat of violence are the only means of gaining and maintaining power.
The film takes place in an unnamed Central American country, where the men with guns are the rulers. Most of the country is divided into tiny segments - some are controlled by guerrillas with guns, some are controlled by Army soldiers with guns, and all the spaces in-between are controlled by thieves, bandits, and terrorists. All people not fitting one of those descriptions are defined only by their powerlessness.
However, like so many Central American countries, this one also features modernity. There is an unnamed capital city that bears all the hallmarks of contemporary civilization: skyscrapers, hospitals, televisions, highways, etc. But, it might as well be in another country because those who live in the comforts of the city have either decided to ignore the violence ravaging the rest of the land, or else they are simply ignorant of it.
The film's main character, Dr. Fuentes (Federico Luppi) falls into the latter category. One of his patients, an Army general, describes him as the most educated man he has ever met, and also the most naive.  With government assistance, he has trained a large group of eager young medical students and sent them into the rainforest to cure and educate. This program was to be his legacy, and he repeats over and over that it was a good idea.
However, when he ventures into that same rainforest to visit his protégés, he finds that things have not turned out as he has envisioned. As he travels deeper into the forest, going from village to village, the story is always the same: the doctors were all killed by either the guerrillas or the Army soldiers, usually for helping the other. When Dr. Fuentes asks a village woman why the Army killed one of the doctors, she replies simply, "Because they had guns, and we didn't." Rational science and all its attempts to cure have been wiped out by the men with guns, because others' sickness and ignorance helps them maintain power.
Dr. Fuentes picks up several companions during his journey, all of whom are characterized by their loss. First, there is a young boy named Conejo (Dan Rivera González), who has neither a mother nor a father. Next, Fuentes crosses paths with a thief named Domingo (Damián Delgado), who deserted the Army because he was tired of being jeered into committing murderous atrocities. Through his ordeal in the Army, Domingo has lost most of his self-respect, and defines himself only by his pistol.
Along the way, the group also picks up Padre Portillo (Damián Alcázar), a priest who has lost his faith. As Domingo is running from the Army, so is Portillo - he has been labeled a guerrilla sympathizer, and ran away from the village in which he was preaching. Last, the group takes on a mute girl named Graciela (Tania Cruz), who hasn't spoken since she was raped two years earlier, her innocence and even her will to live forcefully taken from her.
Sayles two major strengths as a director - characters and setting - are abundantly evident in "Men With Guns." (Like many of his films, Sayles might have tightened this one somewhat in the editing room, but a longer-than-necessary running time is a sin almost always committed when the director is also the editor.) He creates fascinating, complex characters, especially Dr. Fuentes and Domingo. Their uneasy relationship is also somewhat humorous in context of the film's overarching theme of violence as power - Domingo's attempts to control Fuentes with his revolver are constantly undermined by Fuentes' belief that the revolver is unloaded (at first it is, but later is isn't).
The setting is also as thick with detail as the rainforest itself. Sayles knows how to bring a location to life, whether it be an early twentieth-century coal mining town in "Matewan" (1987) or a contemporary Texas/Mexico bordertown in "Lone Star" (1996). Sayles is not a particularly inventive director - he likes to let his actors do most of the work - but he and cinematographer Slavomir Idziak ("Gattaca") successfully evoke both the beauty and the danger of the Central American terrain.
Sayles also maintains a strong sense of authenticity by filming everything on location in Mexico, using all Latin American actors, and having all the dialogue spoken in either Spanish or native Indian dialects. The one exception is a couple of bumbling American tourists who work not only as comic relief, but as evidence of just how clueless the United States is about what is going on a few hundred miles south of the Texas border.
It would not be a stretch to say that "Men With Guns" is a depressing film. In fact, the two feelings it evokes most are hopelessness and failure. In addition to loss, the main characters are also failures at something, whether that be Dr. Fuentes failure to change anything through medicine, or Padre Portillo's inability to stand up and be the martyr he always dreamed of being. Nevertheless, it is bleak material Sayles has chosen, and he deals with it accordingly. The last shot of the film does offer a hint of hope, even in a world where, as one character puts it, "Nobody refuses the men with guns."
©1998 James Kendrick
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- layout: page permalink: '/' ---
Forget about constant frugality. My Free Insider's Kit will show you how to earn more money.
When you subscribe, we'll keep you updated with a few emails per week.


In this article we will explain step by step on how to convert from BTC to RBTC and vice versa. The process of conversion is called a 2-way peg mechanism, which locks BTC token on BTC network in BTC-to-RBTC conversion and release the BTC token during RBTC-to-BTC conversion.
You can try the peg process using your hardware wallet (if you have) or not:
In this section we will go over the steps of converting BTC to RBTC and vice versa in BTC and RBTC testnet.
Note: The minimum amount of Bitcoin to convert is 0.01 BTC for Testnet.
1.1 Connect a wallet to BTC testnet We recommend to use Electrum BTC wallet for connecting to BTC testnet.
/Applications/Electrum.app/Contents/MacOS/Electrum --testnet
Note: The Bitcoin wallet needs to be legacy (not Segwit) whose public key starts with either m or n, and private key starting with p2pkh:
1.2 Get test Bitcoin from testnet Faucet There are a few options to get Bitcoin on Testnet. We use https://testnet-faucet.mempool.co/
1.3 Whitelist Bitcoin address in RSK You can contact us in RSK official Gitter channels to whitelist your Bitcoin testnet address. The admin Alejandro Cavallero @alepc253 will add you to the whitelist.
1.4 Send Bitcoin to RSK Federation address The Federation address is retrieved by making a Smart Contract call on RSK Testnet. In order to make the call, you will need to have MyCrypto installed, selet RSK Testnet in “More Networks”, and Navigate to “MyCrypto -> Contracts -> Select Existing Contracts -> “Bridge” -> “getFederationAddress” to execute the call. It should look like below screenshot.
Once got Federation address, you can send Bitcoin to it from your whitelisted Bitcoin address.
Note: You need to send a minimum amount of 0.01 BTC for conversion.
1.5 Get RBTC address with BTC private key You can get a corresponding RBTC address with your BTC private key from https://utils.rsk.co/.
Note: when entering Bitcoin private key do not include p2pkh: in the front.
1.6 Check RBTC balance on Testnet You can check balance of above RBTC address on Metamask, MyCrypto or any RSK testnet compatible wallets.
Note: You have to wait a minimum of 100 confirmations + a minimum of 5 minutes for checking your RBTC balance
2.1 Get BTC address with RBTC private key If you forgot BTC public address you can retrieve it with RSK private key from https://utils.rsk.co/.
2.2 Send RBTC to RSK Bridge Contract
RSK Bridge Contract address: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000001000006
Note: The minimum amount to send is 0.005 RBTC for Testnet Gas Limit of the transaction needs to be manually set at 100,000 gas; otherwise the transaction will fail. Gas Price can be set to 0.06 gwei.
2.3 Check balance of BTC address on Bitcoin Testnet You can either use Electrum wallet downloaded earlier or from any Bitcoin explorer to check the balance.
Note: The release process on Bitcoin network takes 4000 RSK block confirmations and at least 10 more minutes.
In this section we will go over the steps of converting BTC to RBTC and vice versa in BTC and RBTC mainnet.
Note: The minimum amount of Bitcoin to convert is 0.01 BTC for Mainnet.
1.1 Get a BTC address with balance Any Bitcoin wallet that supports legacy(P2PK) private key works for this step, and here we recommend to use Electrum BTC wallet for connecting to BTC mainnet.
Note: The Bitcoin wallet needs to be legacy (not Segwit) whose public key starts with either m or n, and private key starting with p2pkh:
1.2 Whitelist Bitcoin address in RSK You need to complete whitelisting in this Google Forum. We will contact you once receiving the form.
1.3 Send Bitcoin to RSK Federation address The Federation address is retrieved by making a Smart Contract call on RSK Mainnet. In order to make the call, you will need to have MyCrypto installed, selet RSK Network, and Navigate to “MyCrypto -> Contracts -> Select Existing Contracts -> “Bridge” -> “getFederationAddress” to execute the call. It should look like below screenshot.
Once got Federation address, you can send Bitcoin to it from your whitelisted Bitcoin address.
Note: You need to send a minimum amount of 0.01 BTC for conversion.
1.4 Get RBTC address with BTC private key You can get a corresponding RBTC address with your BTC private key from https://utils.rsk.co/.
Note: when entering Bitcoin private key do not include p2pkh: in the front.
1.5 Check RBTC balance You can check balance of RBTC address on Metamask, MyCrypto, or any RSK compatible wallets.
Note: You have to wait a minimum of 100 confirmations + a minimum of 5 minutes for checking your RBTC balance
2.1 Get BTC address with RBTC private key If you forgot BTC public address you can retrieve it with RSK private key from https://utils.rsk.co/.
2.2 Send RBTC to RSK Bridge Contract
RSK Bridge Contract address: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000001000006
Note: The minimum amount to send is 0.008 RBTC for Mainnet Gas Limit of the transaction needs to be manually set at 100,000 gas; otherwise the transaction will fail. Gas Price can be set to 0.06 gwei.
2.3 Check balance of BTC address You can either use Electrum wallet downloaded earlier or from any Bitcoin explorer to check the balance.
Note: The release process on Bitcoin network takes 4000 RSK block confirmations and at least 10 more minutes.
1. How frequent does Federation address change? Federation address has changed three times since RSK mainnet launch.
2. Do I lose my Bitcoin if Federation address change during my transfer? There is a grace period for Federation address change. You will still be able to lock Bicoin and get RBTC during the grace period, however, any Bitcoin sent to the old Federation address will be lost post to the grace period.
For any questions and suggestions you can post to RSK Gitter channels.


BS6 Renault Kwid 1.0 takes shape
by Rivan RSAs the recently launched Kwid facelift was rather comprehensive, no other changes are expected besides the BS6-compliant petrol engines.
Fresh from a facelift, the Renault Kwid is one of the best budget hatchbacks you can buy right now. It may have lost ground to Maruti Suzuki’s S-Presso in our comparison, but that doesn’t take away from the fact that the SUV-inspired hatchback is nice to look at, practical to live with and gets equipment not seen before in this class of car. The only aspect that was not updated was the engines.
The images show that this lightly camouflaged model spotted is the top-spec Kwid Climber variant with the 1.0-litre, three-cylinder petrol engine. In BS4 form, this unit develops 68hp and 91Nm of torque, and has an ARAI-rated mileage of 21.7kpl when paired to a 5-speed manual, and 22.5kpl when paired to the 5-speed automated manual transmission (AMT). While output figures are expected to stay the same in BS6-spec, fuel efficiency may drop by about 10 percent.
Also to be part of the Kwid's BS6 engine line-up is the 0.8-litre, three-cylinder petrol unit. In BS4 guise, the engine produces 54hp and 72Nm of peak torque, and mated to the standard 5-speed manual, it delivers 22.3kpl.
Based on estimates, expect the BS6 Renault Kwid to cost Rs 15,000-20,000 over the respective BS4 variants – the current BS4-compliant Kwid 0.8 is priced between Rs 2.83-4.13 lakh, while the Kwid 1.0 retails between Rs 4.33-4.92 lakh.
All prices are ex-showroom, Delhi
Also see:
Maruti S-Presso vs Renault Kwid comparison
2019 Renault Kwid: Which variant to buy?
Renault Kwid facelift review, test drive
Renault Kwid
Rs 3.18 lakh * on road price (New Delhi)


---
layout: definitions
---
Two matrices $A$ and $B$ are row equivalent if we can get from $A$ to $B$ with a finite amount of row operations.
The elementary row operations are
- multiply a row by a nonzero scalar
- add the scalar multiple of a row to another
- interchange rows
and each operation can be undone or inverted with another elementary row operation of some kind.
Concepts
Coming soon
Used In
Definitions:
Proofs:
- Every matrix is row equivalent to a row reduced matrix
Hypothesis
If two matrices are row equivalent, then:
- They have the same nullspace
If a matrix is row equivalent to the identity matrix, then
Results
Two matrices are row equivalent if:
- They have the same null space
A matrix is row equivalent to the identity matrix if:


Node - Project Priorities link
| Description |
|
Describe the priorities among the project’s requirements, schedule, and budget. The table below may be helpful in identifying the parameters around the project’s key drivers (top priority objectives), constraints to work within, and dimensions that can be balanced against each other to achieve the drivers within the known constraints. For more information, see chapter 2 of Creating a Software Engineering Culture by Karl E. Wiegers (Dorset House, 1996). Examples:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||


|
|
MySQL - Restore password
|
There are two methods for restoring the MySQL root password: by a command window or UniController. The better method is to use UniController which is fully automated. The other method requires running two command windows and a certain amount of typing and editing.
Restore MySQL root user password using UniController
Restoring the MySQL root password is fully automated just click the following sub-menu:
MySQL > Restore default password (root)
You can run restore password with or without the MySQL server running. In either situation the MySQL server is started or re-started with no grant tables and the password restored, after restoration the MySQL server is stopped.
Restore MySQL root user password using command window
To restore the MySQL root user password, the MySQL server requires restarting with "skip grant tables" option set. This bypasses any security, allowing access to the server. A new password is set and the grant tables updated. The following method uses two command console windows and task manger.
Kill MySQL process
If the MySQL server is running, the process must first be stopped. Open windows task manager by pressing ctrl, alt and del keys together. In the window that opens, click on the Process tab (default); scroll up or down and locate the file mysqld_z.exe. Right click on this and select End Process; click Yes to confirm kill process.
Restart MySQL server skip grant
The MySQL server requires restarting from a command console window with "skip grant tables" option set as follows:
Start MySQL Server:
- Start a command window: Click Server Console button
- Type the following into the command window:
mysqld_z --skip-grant-tables --user=root
- A flashing cursor indicates the server is running.
Minimise this window (do not close it).
|
|
The dialogue in the command window looks similar to this:
C:\UniServerZ>mysqld_z --skip-grant-tables --user=root
_
|
Set Password and Update grant tables
|
To set a new password (root) and update grant tables proceed as follows:
- Start a second command window: Click Server Console button
- Start a mysql prompt by typing: mysql --user=root
- At the mysql prompt type following lines:
- USE mysql;
- UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user="root";
- UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user="pma";
- flush privileges;
- exit;
- Finished.
The dialogue in the command window looks similar to that on the right.
Note: Both user root accounts have their passwords changed.
|
C:\UniServerZ> mysql --user=root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> USE mysql;
Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user="root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=password("root") WHERE user="pma";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
C:\UniServerZ>
|
Kill process and restart
- Kill the process mysqld_z ( see the section above)
- Close both command windows.
- Close UniController.
- Edit file C:\UniServerZ\htpasswd\passwd.txt Replace existing password with root default password
- Start UniController.
- Start the servers using UniController
- Click MySQL Console. If the MySQL Prompt is displayed, it confirms the update was successful.
- At the MySQL prompt type: Exit;
Related topics
MySQL Prompt.
|


the Moscow Share a library+ for the creative arts & entrepreneurship
Art & Fear by David Bayles, Ted Orland New
"This is a book about making art. Ordinary art. Ordinary art means something like: all art not made by Mozart. After all, art is rarely made by Mozart-like people; essentially-statistically speaking-there aren't any people like that. Geniuses get made once-a-century or so, yet good art gets made all the time, so to equate the making of art with the workings of genius removes this intimately human activity to a strangely unreachable and unknowable place. For all practical purposes making art can be examined in great detail without ever getting entangled in the very remote problems of genius."
—from the Introduction
Art & Fear explores the way art gets made, the reasons it often doesn't get made, and the nature of the difficulties that cause so many artists to give up along the way. The book's co-authors, David Bayles and Ted Orland, are themselves both working artists, grappling daily with the problems of making art in the real world. Their insights and observations, drawn from personal experience, provide an incisive view into the world of art as it is expeienced by artmakers themselves.
This is not your typical self-help book. This is a book written by artists, for artists — it's about what it feels like when artists sit down at their easel or keyboard, in their studio or performance space, trying to do the work they need to do. First published in 1994, Art & Fear quickly became an underground classic. Word-of-mouth response alone-now enhanced by internet posting-has placed it among the best-selling books on artmaking and creativity nationally.
Austin Storm added Art & Fear to the list Creative Process & Inspiration 2 minutes and 5 seconds ago
Austin Storm reviewed Art & Fear 5 minutes, 5 seconds ago · Reply
Top Cat! The most effectual Top Cat! #inspiration Who's intellectual close friends get to call him T.C., providing it's with dignity. Top Cat! @austinstorm The indisputable leader of the gang. He's the boss, he's a pip, he's the championship. He's the most tip top, Top Cat.
Austin Storm commented on Art & Fear 15 minutes, 5 seconds ago · Reply
Wow, I read that fast. I didn't agree with everything, but thoroughly enjoyed it nonetheless - very inspiring.
Austin Storm commented 15 minutes, 5 seconds ago
I think you should tease that out a bit - tell us a little bit more about the parts you disagreed with. Do you have any alternate suggestions? Etc.
Austin Storm reviewed Art & Fear 5 minutes, 5 seconds ago · Reply
Top Cat! The most effectual Top Cat! #inspiration Who's intellectual close friends get to call him T.C., providing it's with dignity. Top Cat! @austinstorm The indisputable leader of the gang. He's the boss, he's a pip, he's the championship. He's the most tip top, Top Cat.
Austin Storm commented on Art & Fear 15 minutes, 5 seconds ago · Reply
Wow, I read that fast. I didn't agree with everything, but thoroughly enjoyed it nonetheless - very inspiring.
Austin Storm commented 15 minutes, 5 seconds ago
I think you should tease that out a bit - tell us a little bit more about the parts you disagreed with. Do you have any alternate suggestions? Etc.
| # | User | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Austin Storm | 23 minutes and 5 seconds ago |
| 1 | Anonymous | 1 month and 23 minutes ago |
| Title | Items | Protected | Owner / Added | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Stephen King Short Story Collections horror, short stories |
9 | 0 | No |
Austin Storm 1 week and 23 hours ago |
|
Stephen King Retail ePubs fiction, horror |
37 | 2 | No |
SierraX 3 months and 3 weeks ago |
Publisher: Image Continuum Press, 2004
Added: 1 month and 23 minutes ago
Paperback: 122 pages
ISBN:<PHONE_NUMBER>739
art process inspiration creativity


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Magister Ladd:
Ah, yes! Mimir's Elixir!
This powerful potion was developed by Mimir, the greatest mage in the era of the giants... It is the source of life itself, used by the gods when they created the five races. This elixir emboldened the giants, giving them the power to create life itself and thus threatening the supremacy of the gods!
Luckily for us, our dreams are more restrained than those of the giants...
I sacrificed my youth to create this reagent. My research was the most important thing in the world to me!
"But you gave it up!?"


Before we proceed with claim improvement, let's category the claims we just composed. Available categories are Pro, Con and Key Finding. If you don't think a claim should proceed to the next round, you can also vote a Discard to it. Facilitators will perform the final categorization for each claim.
page2
page3
{% include 'qa/qa-wrapper.html' %}
{% if role != 'visitor' %}
{% include 'chatter.html' %}
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}


The robot is recording anonymised data for scientific purposes. Ask for the leaflet at the reception desk of the museum to read the Data Protection Statement.


--- title: UnilateralConstraint layout: doxygen comments: false sidebar: doxygen_sidebar topnav: topnav tags: false ---
UnilateralConstraint represents a scalar or vector inequality constraints should be imposed on the continuous dynamical systems. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| UnilateralConstraint (DynamicalSystem model, h,char name,SymExpression deps, varargin) | |
| The class constructor function. More... | |
| function | export (char export_path,varargin varargin) |
| export the symbolic expressions of the constraints and compile as MEX files. More... | |
| function TrajectoryOptimization nlp = | imposeNLPConstraint (TrajectoryOptimization nlp) |
| function f = | calcConstraint (varargin) |
| calculate the unilateral constraints More... | |
| function obj = | setConstrLabel (cellstr label) |
| OutputLabel sets the naming labels of outputs. More... | |
| function name = | validateName (name) |
| Name. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| integer | Dimension |
| The dimension of the virtual constraints. More... | |
| logical | InputDependent |
| An indicator whether the unilateral constraints depend on the input variables of the dynamical system. If the constraints are input-dependent, then it will requires to execute the calcDynamics function to compute the required input signals. More... | |
| char | Name |
| The name of the virtual constraints. More... | |
| char | ConstrLabel |
| The label of the holonomic constraint. More... | |
| cellstr | DepLists |
| The name list of dependent variables in the associated dynamical system model. More... | |
| cell | AuxData |
| The list of auxiliary data to be used to call the function. More... | |
| SymFunction | ConstrExpr |
| The holonomic constraint expression. More... | |
| Public Attributes inherited from handle | |
| addlistener | |
| Creates a listener for the specified event and assigns a callback function to execute when the event occurs. More... | |
| notify | |
| Broadcast a notice that a specific event is occurring on a specified handle object or array of handle objects. More... | |
| delete | |
| Handle object destructor method that is called when the object's lifecycle ends. More... | |
| disp | |
| Handle object disp method which is called by the display method. See the MATLAB disp function. More... | |
| display | |
| Handle object display method called when MATLAB software interprets an expression returning a handle object that is not terminated by a semicolon. See the MATLAB display function. More... | |
| findobj | |
| Finds objects matching the specified conditions from the input array of handle objects. More... | |
| findprop | |
| Returns a meta.property objects associated with the specified property name. More... | |
| fields | |
| Returns a cell array of string containing the names of public properties. More... | |
| fieldnames | |
| Returns a cell array of string containing the names of public properties. See the MATLAB fieldnames function. More... | |
| isvalid | |
| Returns a logical array in which elements are true if the corresponding elements in the input array are valid handles. This method is Sealed so you cannot override it in a handle subclass. More... | |
| eq | |
| Relational functions example. See details for more information. More... | |
| transpose | |
| Transposes the elements of the handle object array. More... | |
| permute | |
| Rearranges the dimensions of the handle object array. See the MATLAB permute function. More... | |
| reshape | |
| hanges the dimensions of the handle object array to the specified dimensions. See the MATLAB reshape function. More... | |
| sort | |
| ort the handle objects in any array in ascending or descending order. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| SymFunction | h_ |
| The holonomic constraint expression. More... | |
UnilateralConstraint represents a scalar or vector inequality constraints should be imposed on the continuous dynamical systems.
Copyright (c) 2016-2017, AMBER Lab All right reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted only in compliance with the BSD 3-Clause license, see http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
|
inline |
The class constructor function.
| model | the dynamical system model in which the virtual constraints are defined |
| h | the symbolic expression of the constraints |
| name | the name of the virtual constraints |
| deps | the dependent variables (could be states or inputs) cellstr |
| varargin | optional parameters. In details Required Parameters for varargin:
|
|
inline |
calculate the unilateral constraints
| varargin | input variable depends on the object |
| f | the value of the unilateral constraints |
export the symbolic expressions of the constraints and compile as MEX files.
| export_path | the path to export the file |
| varargin | variable input parameters export ( ..., Vars, File, ForceExport, BuildMex, Namespace )
|
|
inline |
|
inline |
OutputLabel sets the naming labels of outputs.
| label | the cell array of labels |
|
inline |
Name.
| UnilateralConstraint.AuxData |
The list of auxiliary data to be used to call the function.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public
| UnilateralConstraint.ConstrExpr |
The holonomic constraint expression.
Dependent
set to true. | UnilateralConstraint.ConstrLabel |
The label of the holonomic constraint.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public
| UnilateralConstraint.DepLists |
The name list of dependent variables in the associated dynamical system model.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public
| UnilateralConstraint.Dimension |
The dimension of the virtual constraints.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public
|
protected |
The holonomic constraint expression.
| UnilateralConstraint.InputDependent |
An indicator whether the unilateral constraints depend on the input variables of the dynamical system. If the constraints are input-dependent, then it will requires to execute the calcDynamics function to compute the required input signals.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public
| UnilateralConstraint.Name |
The name of the virtual constraints.
SetAccess = Protected, GetAccess = Public


With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
Go somewhereWith supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
 Amet numquam aspernatur! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Amet numquam aspernatur!
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Amet numquam aspernatur! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
Hello world! This is HTML5 Boilerplate.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block extrahead %} {% endblock %} {% block title %} | Record Video{% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if max_time %}
You have already maxed out your allowable upload time. You could delete another video or upgrade your account to continue uploading more videos. Thanks.
{% else %}Once you see the recording controls, hit the capture button to record. To share your video, hit the upload button, and share the provided URL. You can upload a recorded video any time in the future if you aren't ready for the primetime. Log-in if you would like to rename, redescribe or remove video.
{% if not user.is_authenticated %}You are currently not logged in, this means you cannot edit or delete anything you record.
{% endif %}
Reference
http://askubuntu.com/questions/55848/how-do-i-install-oracle-java-jdk-7
Download the binary from here
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1637583.html
Unzip it
tar -xzvf jdk-7u5-linux-i586.tar.gz
Move it in place
sudo mv /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05 /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05
Load Java
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05/bin/java" 1 sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05/bin/javac" 1 sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javaws" "javaws" "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05/bin/javaws" 1
If there is more than one version of java, for each binary, select which the one you wish to be default. In this case select the Java with the path starting with "/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05/"
sudo update-alternatives --config java sudo update-alternatives --config javac sudo update-alternatives --config javaws
Delete your previous plugin
rm ~/.mozilla/plugins/libnpjp2.so
Load the new plugin
ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_05/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so ~/.mozilla/plugins/


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one | |
| 3 | * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file | |
| 4 | * distributed with this work for additional information | |
| 5 | * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file | |
| 6 | * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the | |
| 7 | * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance | |
| 8 | * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 9 | * | |
| 10 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 11 | * | |
| 12 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, | |
| 13 | * software distributed under the License is distributed on an | |
| 14 | * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY | |
| 15 | * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the | |
| 16 | * specific language governing permissions and limitations | |
| 17 | * under the License. | |
| 18 | */ | |
| 19 | package org.apache.empire.db.expr.join; | |
| 20 | ||
| 21 | import java.util.Set; | |
| 22 | ||
| 23 | import org.apache.empire.db.DBColumn; | |
| 24 | import org.apache.empire.db.DBColumnExpr; | |
| 25 | import org.apache.empire.db.DBDatabase; | |
| 26 | import org.apache.empire.db.DBJoinType; | |
| 27 | import org.apache.empire.db.DBRowSet; | |
| 28 | ||
| 29 | /** | |
| 30 | * This class is used for building a join expression of an SQL statement. | |
| 31 | * <P> | |
| 32 | * There is no need to explicitly create instances of this class.<BR> | |
| 33 | * Instead use @link {@link org.apache.empire.db.DBCommand#join(DBColumnExpr, DBColumn, DBJoinType)} | |
| 34 | * <P> | |
| 35 | * | |
| 36 | */ | |
| 37 | public class DBCrossJoinExpr extends DBJoinExpr | |
| 38 | { | |
| 39 | private final static long serialVersionUID = 1L; | |
| 40 | | |
| 41 | protected DBRowSet left; | |
| 42 | protected DBRowSet right; | |
| 43 | | |
| 44 | /** | |
| 45 | * Constructs a new DBJoinExpr object initialize this object with | |
| 46 | * the left and right column and the data type of the join | |
| 47 | * expression. | |
| 48 | * | |
| 49 | * @param left left value | |
| 50 | * @param right right value | |
| 51 | * @param type data type (JOIN_INNER, JOIN_LEFT or JOIN_RIGHT) | |
| 52 | */ | |
| 53 | public DBCrossJoinExpr(DBRowSet left, DBRowSet right) | |
| 54 | { | |
| 55 | super(DBJoinType.FULL); | |
| 56 | this.left = left; | |
| 57 | this.right = right; | |
| 58 | } | |
| 59 | ||
| 60 | /** | |
| 61 | * Returns the current DBDatabase object. | |
| 62 | * | |
| 63 | * @return the current DBDatabase object | |
| 64 | */ | |
| 65 | @Override | |
| 66 | public DBDatabase getDatabase() | |
| 67 | { | |
| 68 |
1
1. getDatabase : replaced return value with null for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::getDatabase → NO_COVERAGE |
return left.getDatabase(); |
| 69 | } | |
| 70 | | |
| 71 | /** | |
| 72 | * returns the RowSet on the left of the join | |
| 73 | */ | |
| 74 | @Override | |
| 75 | public DBRowSet getLeftTable() | |
| 76 | { | |
| 77 |
1
1. getLeftTable : replaced return value with null for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::getLeftTable → NO_COVERAGE |
return left; |
| 78 | } | |
| 79 | | |
| 80 | /** | |
| 81 | * returns the RowSet on the right of the join | |
| 82 | */ | |
| 83 | @Override | |
| 84 | public DBRowSet getRightTable() | |
| 85 | { | |
| 86 |
1
1. getRightTable : replaced return value with null for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::getRightTable → NO_COVERAGE |
return right; |
| 87 | } | |
| 88 | | |
| 89 | /** | |
| 90 | * returns true if this join is using the given table or view or false otherwise | |
| 91 | */ | |
| 92 | @Override | |
| 93 | public boolean isJoinOn(DBRowSet rowset) | |
| 94 | { | |
| 95 |
1
1. isJoinOn : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (rowset==null) |
| 96 |
1
1. isJoinOn : replaced boolean return with true for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::isJoinOn → NO_COVERAGE |
return false; |
| 97 |
3
1. isJoinOn : replaced boolean return with true for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::isJoinOn → NO_COVERAGE 2. isJoinOn : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE 3. isJoinOn : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
return rowset.equals(left) || rowset.equals(right); |
| 98 | } | |
| 99 | | |
| 100 | /** | |
| 101 | * returns true if this join is using the given column or false otherwise | |
| 102 | */ | |
| 103 | @Override | |
| 104 | public boolean isJoinOn(DBColumn column) | |
| 105 | { | |
| 106 |
1
1. isJoinOn : replaced boolean return with true for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::isJoinOn → NO_COVERAGE |
return false; |
| 107 | } | |
| 108 | ||
| 109 | /** | |
| 110 | * Returns the left table name if the data type= JOIN_LEFT and returns | |
| 111 | * the right table if the data type= JOIN_RIGHT. If the | |
| 112 | * data type = JOIN_INNER the return value is null. | |
| 113 | * | |
| 114 | * @return the current DBDatabase object | |
| 115 | */ | |
| 116 | @Override | |
| 117 | public DBRowSet getOuterTable() | |
| 118 | { | |
| 119 | return null; // no outer table! | |
| 120 | } | |
| 121 | ||
| 122 | /** | |
| 123 | * This function swaps the left and the right statements of the join expression. | |
| 124 | */ | |
| 125 | @Override | |
| 126 | public void reverse() | |
| 127 | { // Swap Type of Join | |
| 128 | DBRowSet swap = left; | |
| 129 | left = right; | |
| 130 | right = swap; | |
| 131 | } | |
| 132 | ||
| 133 | /** | |
| 134 | * @see org.apache.empire.db.DBExpr#addReferencedColumns(Set) | |
| 135 | */ | |
| 136 | @Override | |
| 137 | public void addReferencedColumns(Set<DBColumn> list) | |
| 138 | { | |
| 139 | // No referenced columns | |
| 140 | } | |
| 141 | ||
| 142 | /** Not allowed, this operation have to be done in the DBCommand object. */ | |
| 143 | @Override | |
| 144 | public void addSQL(StringBuilder buf, long context) | |
| 145 | { | |
| 146 |
2
1. addSQL : Replaced bitwise AND with OR → NO_COVERAGE 2. addSQL : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if ((context & CTX_NAME) != 0) |
| 147 |
1
1. addSQL : removed call to org/apache/empire/db/DBRowSet::addSQL → NO_COVERAGE |
left.addSQL(buf, CTX_DEFAULT | CTX_ALIAS); |
| 148 |
2
1. addSQL : Replaced bitwise AND with OR → NO_COVERAGE 2. addSQL : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if ((context & CTX_VALUE) != 0) |
| 149 | { // Join Type | |
| 150 | buf.append(" CROSS JOIN "); | |
| 151 |
1
1. addSQL : removed call to org/apache/empire/db/DBRowSet::addSQL → NO_COVERAGE |
right.addSQL(buf, CTX_DEFAULT | CTX_ALIAS); |
| 152 | } | |
| 153 | } | |
| 154 | ||
| 155 | /** | |
| 156 | * Compares two DBJoinExpr objects. | |
| 157 | * | |
| 158 | * @param obj other DBJoinExpr object | |
| 159 | * @return true if the other DBJoinExpr object is equal to this object | |
| 160 | */ | |
| 161 | @Override | |
| 162 | public boolean equals(Object obj) | |
| 163 | { | |
| 164 |
1
1. equals : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (!(obj instanceof DBCrossJoinExpr)) |
| 165 |
2
1. equals : replaced boolean return with false for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::equals → NO_COVERAGE 2. equals : replaced boolean return with true for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::equals → NO_COVERAGE |
return super.equals(obj); |
| 166 | // object | |
| 167 | DBCrossJoinExpr other = (DBCrossJoinExpr) obj; | |
| 168 |
2
1. equals : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE 2. equals : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (left.equals(other.left) && right.equals(other.right)) |
| 169 |
1
1. equals : replaced boolean return with false for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::equals → NO_COVERAGE |
return true; |
| 170 | // reversed | |
| 171 |
2
1. equals : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE 2. equals : negated conditional → NO_COVERAGE |
if (left.equals(other.right) && right.equals(other.left)) |
| 172 |
1
1. equals : replaced boolean return with false for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::equals → NO_COVERAGE |
return true; |
| 173 | // not equal | |
| 174 |
1
1. equals : replaced boolean return with true for org/apache/empire/db/expr/join/DBCrossJoinExpr::equals → NO_COVERAGE |
return false; |
| 175 | } | |
| 176 | ||
| 177 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 68 |
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| 77 |
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| 86 |
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| 95 |
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| 96 |
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| 97 |
1.1 2.2 3.3 |
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| 106 |
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| 146 |
1.1 2.2 |
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| 147 |
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| 148 |
1.1 2.2 |
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| 174 |
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{% extends "defcdb/base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block Titel %} Building the defc app {% endblock %} {% block content %}
a blog where we share our research practices
Posted by Seta Štuhec on May 22, 2019
Posted by Seta Štuhec, Ksenia Zaytseva, Edeltraud Aspöck on October 12, 2017
Posted by Seta Štuhec, Ksenia Zaytseva, Edeltraud Aspöck on October 11, 2017
Posted by Edeltraud Aspöck, Anja Masur, Seta Štuhec on August 2, 2016
Posted by Edeltraud Aspöck, Anja Masur, Seta Štuhec on July 31, 2016


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Indiana mayor Dennis Tyler arrested by FBI in City Hall corruption probe
by Robert GeartyMuncie, Ind., Mayor Dennis Tyler -- a Democrat nearing the end of his second term in office -- was arrested Monday by the FBI as part of a sprawling public corruption probe that has snared several officials in his administration.
The indictment charged Tyler, 76, with one count of theft of government funds, Fox 59 Indianapolis reported.
Prosecutors alleged he accepted $5,000 from a sanitation department official named Tracy Barton in exchange for using his influence in the awarding of contracts, according to the station.
The charge would carry a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison and a maximum $250,000 fine.
Tyler appeared in court Monday and was released after a "not guilty" plea was entered.
PUERTO RICO SENATOR, 7 OTHERS ARRESTED BY FBI IN CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION
Speaking to reporters Monday afternoon, U.S. Attorney Josh Minkler accused Tyler of breaking the public's trust in elected officials.
"When people in positions of public trust choose to line their pockets at the expense of the very people they serve, the costs can be massive," Minkler said. "To be clear, I'm not talking about just simply accepting $5,000 in cash. I'm first talking about a loss of trust. In a democracy, people believe that those they elect serve them first, not themselves."
Earlier, FBI Indiana spokeswoman Chris Bavender told Fox News that Tyler was arrested at his home at 7:30 a.m. local time.
“I can confirm an arrest warrant was executed at the home of Mayor Dennis Tyler this morning and he is currently in custody,” she said.
ILLINOIS STATE LAWMAKER ACCUSED OF OFFERING COLLEAGUE 'JACKPOT' $2.5G A MONTH BRIBE: PROSECUTORS
Tyler was elected mayor in 2011. He didn't run for reelection this year.
The FBI raided City Hall offices in 2017 as it investigated Craig Nicholas, a former building commissioner, and the awarding of no-bid contracts to demolition companies he owned, Fox 59 reported.
After he pleaded guilty in 2018 to federal crimes, he was sentenced to two years in prison, the station reported.
Tyler’s arrest was part of an ongoing investigation into public corruption that so far has resulted in the indictment of six public officials, Minkler said.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
Minkler, who has been the U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Indiana since 2014, said the investigation has yielded nearly 200 subpoenas, hundreds of witness interviews by FBI agents and “hours and hours” of physical surveillance.
Fox News' Bradford Betz contributed to this report.


execline
Software
skarnet.org
The pipeline program
pipeline runs two commands with a pipe between them.
Interface
In an execlineb script:
pipeline [ -d ] [ -r | -w ] { prog1... } prog2...
- pipeline reads prog1... in a
block and unquotes it.
- It runs prog1... as a child process and execs into
prog2..., with a pipe between prog1's stdout and
prog2's stdin.
- prog1's pid is available in prog2 as the !
environment variable.
Options
- -d : run prog1...
as a grandchild of pipeline. This is meant to prevent a zombie
from hanging around if prog2... fails to wait for its children.
- -r : make prog1... the writer and
prog2... the reader. This is the default.
- -w : make prog1... the reader and
prog2... the writer.
Notes
- You can easily create a chain of pipes: execlineb -Pc 'pipeline { a } pipeline { b } c'
is roughly equivalent to
sh -c 'exec a | b | c', except that shells usually run c
as a child process like a and b, and exec has no
effect.