| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
200 mg |
oral |
Methylone |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 1:00 |
100 mg |
insufflated |
Methylone |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 1:00 |
1 repeated |
inhaled |
Nitrous Oxide |
(gas) |
| T+ 5:00 |
13 mg |
oral |
2C-E |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 7:00 |
1 repeated |
inhaled |
Nitrous Oxide |
(gas) |
| T+ 13:30 |
2.5 ml |
oral |
GBL |
(liquid) |
This is a quick note on my first 2C-E trip, last month.
I had not planned to trip at all on the night in question. I had recently come into 500mg of 2C-E from a pretty reliable supplier and had been planning to wait until it felt like the right time to use it.
I finished work at 8pm and took a taxi to a nearby courier depot to pick up some whippets I ordered earlier in the week. Once I got home, I ate a pizza and took around 200mg of Methylone while listening to an aphex twin album at a decent volume. In doing so I reckon I upset everybody who lives within 200 yards of my flat! Fuckem if they can't appreciate some good noise though.
After an hour or so I was beginning to get a good buzz from the methylone, and redosed with another 100mg, insufflated. I also did some nangs over this period. By about 1am most of the pronounced effects of the Methylone had faded somewhat and redosing was not really taking it much further. I was very clearheaded though, wide awake and feeling good.
Around this time I took a walk to the shop and picked up some cigarettes and Orange Juice. By the time I returned I had decided to have at the 2C-E, so I took my scale and measured out 100mg or thereabouts, 100mg being the smallest measure my scale will take. I really should have dissolved this in water, but instead I eyeballed a tenth of the powder and drank what I reckon was 10-15mg of 2C-E with some orange.
Then I settled down on the sofa, intermittently inhaling nangs while I posted on one of my favourite forums and half watched 'Drawn Together'. After half an hour I had almost forgotten I had taken the stuff, but after 50 minutes or so the text on a comic book sequence on tv was expanding and contracting, and the room seemed bigger than usual. I also noticed some pictures on my wall were sort of misty.
Once I had those first alerts the trip came on really quickly. Open eye visuals were not too much at first, the room was lot brighter than usual and the computer screen became too much to deal with. I put on some random chill out music and lay back on the couch with my eyes closed.
I could hear the music that was playing but was not really processing the sounds. Instead I was seeing these fantastic angular shapes and colours rotating and floating inside my eyelids to the tune and beat of the Aphex Twin I had been listening to earlier on. I had no real anxiety or thoughts to speak of, I just let my mind follow the lights and colours for what felt like an eternity, but was probably more like 30 minutes. Occasionally during this time I was vaguely conscious of my thighs and hips vibrating and thrashing somewhat.
Later, I inhaled some more whippets and switching off the lamps moved to lie on my beanbags, just inside the window. There is a wooden slat blind on this window and green and translucent shimmers of light flitted in from between the slats. I don't remember a huge amount from the next while, but at one point I opened my eyes and there were two celtic patterns, like triangles with rounded corners rotating in opposite directions on top of each other on the ceiling above me. For some reason I found this really reassuring, and made some sort of connection between them and my heritage which made me feel really warm and this set off a very nice fantasy.
Moving back to the sofa, I had at the nangs once again, and this time after a few cartridges I had this incredible sensation of electricity on the right side of my head, just behind the temple. It felt like I was projecting through the side of my head so I looked in that direction, towards the window where it was like some sort of cosmic breeze/flame had caused the top few feet of the blind to be blowing into the room with a shimmery purple/blue colour. Looking outside, everything was bright purple and pulsing energy. The room seemed to be closer to me on all sides, brighter and was humming/buzzing. For a while I felt like I was floating!
Even the air in the room, while still transparent, could be seen curving and bending into these fantastic shapes and angles.
I was in heaven, past thought. I did try to post online, but it was impossible to put anything into words or thought coherently.
I went to bed at some point, my memory of bed is not really there, I was restless, got up a few times to take a leak. At around 9am I was more or less down, but still awake so I dosed 2.5ml of GBL which gave me a fitful sleep until 12 or so.
The next day was been pretty ropey. I had a bath, did some shopping for food and cleaned the house but only after 24 hours I feel 'normal', whatever that is.
I didn't really have many meaningful insightful moments that I can recall. I made a conscious decision when I felt the first alerts to just let the drug take me and not to impose myself on it and succeeded in doing that. Maybe that's my lesson, if there is any.
I am definitely going to use this again. It's one good psychedelic.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Lesson Plan Title: Client Side Filtering
Concept / Topic To Teach:
It is always a good practice to send to the client
only information which they are supposed to have access to.
In this lesson, too much information is being sent to the
client, creating a serious access control problem.
General Goal(s):
For this exercise, your mission is exploit the extraneous
information being returned by the server to discover information
to which you should not have access.
This Lab consists of two Stages. In the first Stage you have to
get sensitive information . In the second one you have to fix the problem.
Use Firebug to solve this stage. If you are using IE you can try it with IEWatch.
First use any person from the list and see what you get. After doing this you can search for a specific person in Firebug. Make sure you find the hidden table with the information, including the salary and so on. In the same table you will find Neville.Now write the salary into the text edit box and submit your answer!
Stage 2
In this stage you have to modify the clientSideFiltering.jsp which you will find under
the WebContent in the lessons/Ajax folder. The Problem is that
the server sends all information to the client. As you could see
even if it is hidden it is easy to find the sensitive date. In this
stage you will add a filter to the XPath queries. In this file you will find
following construct:
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("/Employees/Employee/UserID | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee/FirstName | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee/LastName | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee/SSN | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee/Salary ");
String expression = sb.toString();
This string will be used for the XPath query. You have to guarantee that a manger only can see employees which are working for him. To archive this you can use filters in XPath. Following code will exactly do this:
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("/Employees/Employee[Managers/Manager/text() = " + userId + "]/UserID | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee[Managers/Manager/text() = " + userId + "]/FirstName | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee[Managers/Manager/text() = " + userId + "]/LastName | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee[Managers/Manager/text() = " + userId + "]/SSN | ");
sb.append("/Employees/Employee[Managers/Manager/text() = " + userId + "]/Salary ");
String expression = sb.toString();
Now only information is sent to your client you are authorized for. You can click on the button.


Input
CSV file with data arranged by LSOA
LSOA code
Value
W01000001
1,234
Output
GeoJSON map file with data values by LSOA boundaries
Merge and download
Loading LSOAs...


This Alice + Olivia shirt is all we want. Embrodied details and earth tones will be very popular next season.
This alexander Wang boots are are the perfect compliment for this season. The detail in the back makes them stylish and classy at the same time"
This Stella Mcartney coat is perfect for the season, style it with high-knee boots, tights and a mini skirt. The color and the style is perfect for work or even a night out with friends
This Alice + Olivia shirt is all we want. Embrodied details and earth tones will be very popular next season.
This alexander Wang boots are the perfect compliment for this season. The detail in the back makes them stylish and classy at the same time"
This Stella Mcartney coat is perfect for the season, style it with high-knee boots, tights and a mini skirt. The color and the style is perfect for work or even a night out with friends
This Alice + Olivia shirt is all we want. Embrodied details and earth tones will be very popular next season.
This alexander Wang boots are are the perfect compliment for this season. The detail in the back makes them stylish and classy at the same time"
This Giuliana Romanno shirt is all we want. Embrodied details and earth tones will be very popular next season.
This alexander Wang boots are are the perfect compliment for this season. The detail in the back makes them stylish and classy at the same time"


The example demonstrate a situation that we sometimes need to display a list with dynamics inserted items. With Leopard, we can schedule the tasks with different priority. Run the tasks with high priority first, make user interaction really smooth.


Full example
# This is a Splitfile comment
# 'strings' and FROM keywords aren't highlighted.
# Connection string and FDW is highlighted
FROM MOUNT mongo_fdw originro:originpass@mongo:27017 '{"stuff": {
"db": "origindb",
"coll": "stuff",
"schema": {
"name": "text",
"duration": "numeric",
"happy": "boolean"}}}'
IMPORT {SELECT * FROM stuff} AS stuff
# Repo name in FROM IMPORT is highlighted, so are inline SQL comments
FROM splitgraph/geonames:latest IMPORT {
SELECT
-- Note we need to escape the closing curly brace here for the
-- Splitfile executor.
substring(alternatenames FROM ',([A-Z]{3\}),') AS iata_code,
name,
latitude,
longitude,
geonameid
FROM all_countries
WHERE feature_code = 'AIRP'
AND country_code = 'US'
AND substring(alternatenames FROM ',([A-Z]{3\}),') IS NOT NULL
} AS airports
# Schema names get highlighted as strings (since they reference SG images)
SQL {
CREATE TABLE us_flights_2009 AS
SELECT
origin_airport AS origin_iata,
ao.name AS origin_name,
ao.latitude AS origin_lat,
ao.longitude AS origin_lon,
destination_airport AS destination_iata,
ad.name AS destination_name,
ad.latitude AS destination_lat,
ad.longitude AS destination_lon,
SUM(passengers) AS total_passengers,
SUM(seats) AS total_seats,
SUM(flights) AS flights
FROM "splitgraph/domestic_us_flights:latest".flights f
JOIN airports ao ON f.origin_airport = ao.iata_code
JOIN airports ad ON f.destination_airport = ad.iata_code
WHERE
EXTRACT('year' FROM fly_month) = 2009
GROUP BY origin_airport, destination_airport,
ao.name, ao.latitude, ao.longitude,
ad.name, ad.latitude, ad.longitude
}


short iformations of Ammar Al Hariry:
I am syrian. My age: 26. I am : software engineer. my favorite club is Barcelona. my favorite film is The Fault In Our Stars.
I am syrian. My age: 26. I am : software engineer. my favorite club is Barcelona. my favorite film is The Fault In Our Stars.
Ammar Al Hariry is a syrian web design student in a special advanced course with codefollws. he gradeuated from TAGI UNIVARSITY in 2020.software engineering field. Ammar is a profissinoal Artist. he is authering comics book and manga, and he have a lot of passion in football, in case he played for the local team in his town for 10 years. and he is a big fan for Barcelona and Argantina.


The community is proud to announce the availability of the 1st release milestone towards Citrus 4 (4.0.0-M1).
The need for a new major release of Citrus is mainly driven by the industry migrating from javax
to jakarta
APIs.
Citrus is keen to keep up with popular runtimes such as Spring Boot and Quarkus.
The proper alignment with those runtimes and the evolving of Java’s ecosystem in general is a key driver for Citrus 4.0.
The next major release of Citrus uses Java 17 and aligns with major dependency version updates such as Spring 6.0, Jakarta EE and Apache Camel 4.0.
Java 17
Citrus 4 is compiled with Java 17 (was Java 11 for Citrus 3.x). This means the minimum version to run Citrus 4 is also Java 17. Of course this also means that you are able to use the full greatness of evolving Java features such as records, multiline text blocks and so many more.
New groupId org.citrusframework
Citrus is an Open Source project and promotes the idea of open code and community contributions. The company ConSol Software GmbH and its employees have been a driving force in creating and maintaining Citrus since the very beginning of the project. Still ConSol plays a significant role in the success of Citrus by adapting and promoting the project in so many ways. However, the list of new contributors emerges and Citrus benefits from many community contributions these days.
For the sake of strengthening the Open Source idea we decided to move the Citrus groupId from com.consol.citrus
to a more generic org.citrusframework
from Citrus 4.0 onwards.
In case you update from earlier Citrus versions to Citrus 4.0 this means you need to adjust this groupId when referencing Citrus modules in Maven or Gradle.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.citrusframework</groupId>
<artifactId>citrus-bom</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0-M1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
As the groupId also represents the basic Java package used in Citrus you will likely also have to adjust your tests written on top of Citrus when doing an update. Please do not worry as it should be nothing more than a search-and-replace operation in your project codebase on this Java base package wherever it may be referenced.
Major version updates and Jakarta EE
Essential dependencies have been updated to the latest major versions. This includes the updates to Spring 6.0, Jakarta EE and Apache Camel 4.0
The list of major dependency updates:
- Spring 6.0.6
- Spring WS 4.0.2
- Spring Integration 6.0.3
- Spring Restdocs 3.0.0
- Jetty 11.0.14
- HttpClient 5.2.1
- Apache Camel 4.0.0-M2
- Use Active MQ Artemis 2.28.0
- Use GreenMail 2.0.0 instead of SubethaSmtp
- Switch to Jakarta EE (
jakarta.*
instead ofjavax.*
) - Jakarta JMS API 3.1.0
- Jakarta Validation 3.0.2
- Jakarta Websocket API 2.1.0
- Jakarta Servlet API 6.0.0
- Saaj 3.0.0
- JaxB 4.0.2
- Kafka 3.4.0
- SLF4J 2.0.6
- Mockito 5.2.0
- Snakeyaml 2.0
Removed old vintage modules
Since the last major Citrus 3.x release some modules have been marked as deprecated. These modules are end of life and will not be released as part of Citrus 4.0 and onwards.
This includes the modules:
- citrus-java-dsl
- citrus-arquillian
Moved experimental modules
Some modules have been moved out of the Citrus project into new separate code repositories. This is mainly because these modules do have experimental status and updating to Jakarta EE and Java 17 has not been possible at the moment.
The modules are:
- citrus-remote has been moved to separate repository https://github.com/citrusframework/citrus-remote
- citrus-jdbc endpoint module has been moved to https://github.com/citrusframework/citrus-db
The code and functionality of those modules stays the same. Also, the code has already received updates on the major releases such as Spring 6.0.
It is up to the community though to decide about the future maintenance and release cadence of these modules as those will not be released automatically with Citrus anymore.
Refactoring
Deprecated APIs and classes that coexisted a long time are now removed. If your project is using on of these deprecated classes you may run into compile time errors. Please have a look at the Citrus API JavaDocs and documentation in order to find out how to use the new APIs and classes that replaced the old deprecated stuff.
Provide feedback
Please adapt to using Citrus 4.0.0-M1 as soon as possible and give us feedback what is working and what may need more attention. We would love to hear from you how you like Citrus 4!


{% extends "_post.html" %} {%hyde title: "Mango Lassi" created: 2008-02-26 17:17:23 %} {% block article %} {%article%}
The other day I looked into switching away from synergy to Mango Lassi. I only use it between two machines, so I figured my use case was simple enough that it should work at this stage. I was not disappointed. I was getting some very strange behavior with synergy and vmware, and Mango Lassi has none of that. Plus it gives an OSD telling you which machine the mouse/keyboard are being used on, which is a nice perk.
Anyway, I was so happy with it that I made packages for openSUSE. You can get it from my build service repository.
{%endarticle%} {% endblock %}


Handling time¶
One basic definition is that MW4 will use at any time the clock of the mount computer. Therefore MW4 polls julian date, difference utc - ut1, time sidereal. This allows full sync for any calculation to be made. No time from computer to mount is necessary, but could be done at any time (except during model build run). The mount mostly use the julian date representation except for model build where a local sidereal time (LST) is used. In this case MW4 just stores the value and feed it back when the model is programmed. That’s the reason why you should not change time during model run.
One important difference between MW4 and Mount exists. As I use skyfield as on of the frameworks with it’s units for Angle, Coords, Time etc. I have to take the time definition of skyfield into account. Skyfield chooses TT (Terrestrial Time) as it’s basic concept, whereas the mount uses UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) as reference. TT is a modern astronomical time standard defined by the International Astronomical Union. TT is distinct from the time scale often used as a basis for civil purposes, UTC. TT is indirectly the basis of UTC, via International Atomic Time (TAI).


{# TODO: add 'for' in the labels and 'id' in the fields #} {# TODO: add more filters and think about long vertical scrollbar #} {% if transaction and '/transaction/list_filter' in request.get_full_path %} {% load i18n %}


Underneath Webperf
see beyond webperf classic rules
Created by Fasterize
common rules limits
when webperf goes against webperf
Concatenation limits
- 1 big file slow down every pages
- All CSS and JS code loaded on every pages even when not needed
- Cannot proritize most important code first
- ex: Image Lazyloader must wait all concatenated JS code to be downloaded before being executed
- prevents browser caching small parts. common resource reuse? (jquery, bootstrap)
Sharding limits
- introduce new DNS resolutions
- might not be a problem on "low" latency network
- but change many thing on slow networks
- ex: China waterfall
Lazyloading limits
- lazyloading every images is not a good idea
- lazyload only bigger images below the fold
Cookie less cache
- Cache dynamic pages for new/anonymous users
Others
- Async font loading
- Fonts optimizations
- unsharding
What SPDY & HTTP/2 changes to webperf common rules
remove CSS and JS concatenation
- to help code start earlier
- to maximize resource caching between pages
remove sharding
- prevent many DNS resolutions
- prevent slow start of new connetions
Leverage new feature
- Use server hints to help browser load faster vip resources
- Server push is powerful when resources are not already in browser cache


Zip code
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Sections
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fitness
notes
Flirt
How are you?
I think we're a good match.
I like your photo.
Send me a message!
The question is
Irrelevant
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Mandatory
grumpy


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IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals
Fifth Circuit
FILED
June 3, 2009
No. 08-50603
Charles R. Fulbruge III
Clerk
LACRESHA MURRAY; R L MURRAY, Individually and As Next Friend
of Cleo Murray, Jason Murray, Tyler Murray, and Trent Murray; SHIRLEY
MURRAY, Individually and As Next Friend of Cleo Murray, Jason Murray,
Tyler Murray, and Trent Murray; SHANTAY MURRAY, Individually
Plaintiffs-Appellants
RONNIE EARLE, Individually and as District Attorney of Travis County,
Texas; DAYNA BLAZEY, Individually and as an Assistant District Attorney
of Travis County, Texas; STEPHANIE EMMONS, Individually and as an
Assistant District Attorney of Travis County, Texas; THOMAS CHAPMAN,
Executive Director, Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services;
ANGELA MCGOWN, Individually and as Supervisor of the Travis County
Child Protective Services; MELISSA GREER, Individually and as a Case
Worker, Travis County Child Protective Services; MEGAN MOORE,
Individually and as Case Worker Travis County Child Protective Services;
STANLEY KNEE, Chief of the City of Austin Police Department; HECTOR
REVELES, Individually and as a Detective of the Austin Police Department;
PAUL JOHNSON, Individually and as a Detective of the Austin Police
Department; ERNEST PEDRAZA, Individually and as a Detective of the
Austin Police Department; ALBERT EELLS, Individually and as a Detective
of the Austin Police Department
Defendants-Appellees
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Texas
USDC No. 1:02-CV-552
TRUE INTRODUCTION I. I NTRODUCTION
On her third appeal to this Court, appellant LaCresha Murray (“Murray”)
raises five issues, challenging: (1) this Court’s March 31, 2005 interlocutory
order reversing the district court’s denial of immunity for appellees Dayna
Blazey, Stephanie Emmons, Hector Reveles, Angela McGown, Ernest Pedraza
and Albert Eells on her Fifth Amendment and related state civil-conspiracy
claims; (2) this Court’s April 11, 2008 interlocutory order reversing the district
court’s denial of immunity for appellees Emmons, McGown, Reveles, Pedraza,
and Eells on her Fourteenth Amendment claims; (3) the district court’s dismissal
of Murray’s Sixth Amendment claims against appellee Dayna Blazey and the
“Travis County District Attorney’s Office”; (4) the district court’s alleged failure
to observe a Texas Court of Appeals ruling as the “law of the case”; and (5) the
district court’s dismissal of Murray’s Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment
claims against appellee (former 1 ) District Attorney Ronnie Earle. Finding no
grounds for reversal, we AFFIRM the district court’s judgment dismissing this
case.
TRUE INTRODUCTION II. BACKGROUND
The facts underlying this appeal were set forth by this Court in Murray v.
Earle,
405 F.3d 278, 283-84 (5th Cir. 2005) (“Murray I”). Two-year old Jayla
Belton died in 1996. During the investigation into her death, Murray, then
eleven-years old, became a suspect. While Murray was staying in foster care,
Detective Reveles directed Detectives Pedraza and Eels, along with McGown, the
Pursuant to 5TH CIR . R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR .
R. 47.5.4.
TRUE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 1. Legal Framework
Mr. Earle retired as Travis County District Attorney at the conclusion of his last term
in December of 2008.
supervisor of the Travis County Child Protective Services, to interview her.
Before the interview, Reveles and Pedraza consulted with assistant district
attorney Emmons on the proper method of interrogating Murray. The detectives
questioned Murray at the foster home for approximately two hours, eventually
eliciting a confession. Murray was arrested and prosecuted for Jayla’s death.
The confession was admitted at her trial, Murray was convicted of injury to a
child, and she was sentenced to twenty-five years in the custody of the Texas
Youth Commission. Finding that the confession was inadmissible under Texas
law, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed Murray’s conviction. See In re L.M.,
993 S.W.2d 276, 291 (Tex.App. – Austin 1999, pet. denied). The appellate court ruled that Murray had been in the custody of the State, and therefore
law-enforcement authorities had violated Texas law by not taking her before a
magistrate prior to the interrogation. Id.
In 2002, Murray, on behalf of herself and seven other family members,
filed a lengthy civil complaint, alleging numerous violations of her federal and
state constitutional and statutory rights, and claiming more than thirty million
dollars in damages. Over the course of the litigation, a number of parties and
claims have been dismissed, leaving for our consideration only Murray’s five
issues on appeal concerning seven remaining appellants.
TRUE DISCUSSION III. D ISCUSSION
TRUE AMENDMENT A. Fifth Amendment
Murray reasserts her Fifth Amendment claim “so that [she] will not be
said to have waived her appeal rights on this issue[.]” However, the subject has
already been addressed by a panel of this Court, and rehearing en banc and
certiorari were denied. See Murray v. Earle,
546 U.S. 1033 (2005). It is well-
settled that the “law of the case doctrine” bars a subsequent panel from
reexamining an issue of fact or law that has been previously decided on appeal
absent exceptional circumstances. United States v. Lee,
358 F.3d 315, 320 (5th
Cir. 2004) (citing United States v. Matthews,
312 F.3d 652, 657 (5th Cir. 2002)). The three exceptions to the doctrine apply if: “(1) The evidence at a subsequent
trial is substantially different; (2) there has been an intervening change of law
by a controlling authority; and (3) the earlier decision is clearly erroneous and
would work a manifest injustice.” Matthews, 312 F.3d at 657. Murray has failed
to establish that any of these exceptions apply here. Accordingly, we decline her
request to “revisit” the law of this case.
TRUE AMENDMENT B. Fourteenth Amendment
Murray next invites this Court to reconsider our 2008 order applying
immunity for her Fourteenth Amendment claims. She does not argue that new
facts have come to light or that there has been a change in controlling law;
instead, she claims that the Court’s application of qualified immunity was
erroneous and unjust. Murray’s argument raises nothing new that would
overcome the law of the case doctrine as applied to our 2008 ruling.
Accordingly, we decline to revisit that ruling.
TRUE AMENDMENT C. Sixth Amendment
Murray challenges the district court’s dismissal of her Sixth Amendment
claims against Blazey and the “Travis County District Attorney’s Office.” 2 The
district court dismissed all such claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
12(c).3 First, the court dismissed Murray’s official capacity claims because she
had not pled that Travis County had a custom or policy of violating rights
protected by the Sixth Amendment. She does not challenge that holding. See
Of course, the “Travis County District Attorney’s Office” is not a separate entity. Nor
did Murray purport to sue it. She did sue Ronnie Earle, then the district attorney; the district
attorney is the proper party to sue when contending a constitutional violation by a district
attorney’s office.
3
Murray does not address the dismissal of her Sixth Amendment claims against
defendants Earle, Emmons, Knee, Reveles, Johnson, Pedraza, Eells, McGown, Greer,
Chapman, Morris, or the City of Austin. See Yohey v. Collins,
985 F.2d 222, 225 (5th Cir.
1993) (issues not argued in Appellant’s brief are deemed abandoned).
Yohey, 985 F.2d at 225. Second, the court dismissed the Sixth Amendment claim
against Blazey in her individual capacity, since no arrest or formal judicial
proceedings had been initiated at the time of Murray’s interrogation.
It is uncontested that the questioning of Murray took place at a stage of
the case where no criminal or judicial proceedings had been instituted against
her. For that reason, Murray’s Sixth Amendment claim was correctly dismissed.
It is well-settled that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel attaches only after
adversarial judicial proceedings are commenced against a defendant and
restrictions are imposed on her liberty. See Rothgery v. Gillespie County, Tex.,
128 S. Ct. 2578, 2583 (2008) (quoting McNeil v. Wisconsin,
501 U.S. 171, 175
(1991)) (“The Sixth Amendment right of the ‘accused’ to assistance of counsel in
‘all criminal prosecutions’ is limited by its terms: ‘it does not attach until a
prosecution is commenced.’”); see also Kirby v. Illinois,
406 U.S. 682, 688 (1972) (collecting cases); Self v. Collins,
973 F.2d 1198, 1206 (5th Cir. 1992) (“The Fifth
Amendment right to counsel during custodial interrogation is distinct from that
under the Sixth Amendment, which attaches at the commencement of formal
judicial proceedings against an accused and applies regardless of whether the
accused is in custody.”).
TRUE COMPLAINT Complaint on Appeal
On appeal, Murray contends that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel
attached when the state filed a Petition in a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child
Relationship (“SAPCR”) in civil court to determine the guardianship of Murray
and her siblings. However, she cites no authority for the proposition that the
filing of a civil SAPCR triggers Sixth Amendment protections; instead, she raises
only general precedent establishing that juveniles are entitled to counsel in
criminal delinquency proceedings. See In re Gault,
387 U.S. 1, 13 (1967). Murray provides no support for her claim that “[t]he case law was well-settled
in 1996, that the [rights implicated by the] filing of a civil family law proceeding,
where the legal interests of a child are at issue, [are] the same as those that are
understood to exist in a juvenile delinquency proceeding.” Murray cites no cases
that suggest that an individual who is the subject of a civil guardianship hearing
qualifies as an “accused” defendant “faced with the prosecutorial forces of
organized society, and immersed in the intricacies of substantive and procedural
criminal law.” Kirby, 406 U.S. at 689. Accordingly, the district court correctly
dismissed the case under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12.
TRUE DISCUSSION Discussion
In addition, because there is no case law establishing a constitutional
violation in a case like this one, it was not well-established that Murray had a
Sixth Amendment right to counsel upon the filing of the SAPCR. A reasonable
official would not have known that the failure to provide counsel in this instance
might violate the Sixth Amendment. See, e.g., Saucier v. Katz,
533 U.S. 194,
200-01 (2001). Accordingly, qualified immunity would also apply to Murray’s
Sixth Amendment claims.
TRUE STATEMENT OF THE CASE D. The Law of the Case Doctrine
Murray suggests, without clear explanation, that the district court or this
Court failed to respect the findings of the Texas appellate court contained in In
re L.M. She seems concerned that the district court or the 2005 or 2008 panels
did not adopt the state court’s purported holding that her statements were
unconstitutionally obtained as a result of custodial interrogation.4 However, our
2005 opinion not only reflected the finding of the Texas court that Murray was
in custody for purposes of the Texas statute, but also found a Fifth Amendment
violation, because she was in custody and provided an involuntary statement.
In her reply brief, Murray seems to suggest that the law of the case doctrine
permits her to attach the Texas appellate ruling to avoid dismissal under a
heightened pleading standard imposed by the district court. This point of error
In reality, the state appellate court simply held that Murray was in custody for
purposes of the Texas statute, and she should have been afforded a magistrate’s warning prior
to her statement. In re L.M., 993 S.W.2d at 291.
was not made with sufficient clarity to permit this Court to address it.
Accordingly, it provides no basis for relief. See Yohey, 985 F.2d at 225.
TRUE AMENDMENT E. Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments
Finally, Murray challenges the district court’s dismissal of her claims
against (former) District Attorney Ronnie Earle under the Thirteenth
Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.5
She contends that Earle treated her differently than other, similarly-situated
white children. However, the only conduct she cites to support her Thirteenth
and Fourteenth Amendment claims was a statement purportedly made by Earle
to a newspaper reporter in 1978 that he would recommend a lenient sentence for
a white thirteen-year old who murdered his school teacher. Murray urges that
such allegedly differential treatment was a violation of equal protection and
violates section two of the Thirteenth Amendment as among the “badges and
incidents of slavery.”6
The Supreme Court has recognized that section two of the Thirteenth
Amendment empowers Congress to define and legislatively abolish the “badges
and incidents of slavery.” Griffin v. Breckenridge,
403 U.S. 88, 105 (1971). It is not altogether clear that there is a private right of action under § 1983 for
violations of the Thirteenth Amendment. See Channer v. Hall,
112 F.3d 214, 217
n.5 (5th Cir. 1997) (“suits attacking the ‘badges and incidents of slavery’ must
be based on a statute enacted under § 2.”). However, other circuits have
5
Murray does not here challenge the dismissal of her equal protection claims against
Blazey, Emmons, Knee, Reveles, Johnson, Pedraza, Eels, McGown, Greer, Chapman, Morris,
or the City of Austin. Accordingly, this issue is waived. Yohey, 985 F.2d at 225.
6
Murray’s complaint itself broadly alleges that “Defendants would not have subjected
them to the treatment they received if they were White citizens of the City of Austin, State of
Texas. The treatment they received is an incident of slavery that was abolished by the
Thirteenth Amendment.” The district court summarily dismissed the Thirteenth Amendment
as improperly pled, since “plaintiffs have not alleged Earle . . . subjected the plaintiffs to
involuntary servitude (Thirteenth Amendment).”
concluded that state actors may be held responsible for Thirteenth Amendment
violations under § 1983. See, e.g., Sumpter v. Harper,
683 F.2d 106, 108 (4th Cir.
1982).
TRUE CLAIM Murray's Claim
Even assuming a private right of action under § 1983 for a Thirteenth
Amendment violation, there is no indication that Earle had any personal role in
Murray’s interrogation or prosecution, nor that he was deliberately indifferent
to Thirteenth Amendment violations by his subordinates. See Evett v.
DETNTFF,
330 F.3d 681, 689 (5th Cir. 2003) (citing Monell v. New York City
Dep’t of Soc. Servs.,
436 U.S. 658, 691 (1978)) (“Section 1983 does not create
vicarious or respondeat superior liability.”). The sole conduct alleged to
constitute a “badge and incident of slavery” is his plan to urge a lenient sentence
for one white juvenile in 1978 while apparently not doing so for Murray twenty
years later. This claim, even if accepted as true, does not allege a violation of §
2 of the Thirteenth Amendment, nor would a reasonable official understand that
such conduct violated any clearly-established constitutional right. See Anderson
v. Creighton,
483 U.S. 635, 640 (1987). Accordingly, Earle cannot be held liable
here.
Similarly, Murray’s Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claim
against Earle was correctly dismissed.7 Murray alleged no particular policy or
custom that led to an equal protection violation. The sole instance cited on
appeal to support an equal protection claim against Earle was the same
“leniency” statement contained in the 1978 newspaper article. Earle’s statement
in favor of lenient treatment for one juvenile in 1978 simply does not support a
§ 1983 claim alleging a Fourteenth Amendment violation. See, e.g., Coleman v.
7
Murray claimed in her complaint that, “The acts of the Defendants, individually and
as conspirators, deprived LaCresha Murray particularly, and the other Plaintiffs generally,
of life, liberty, and property without due process of law and denied them of the equal
protection of the laws.” She provided no other explanation of this allegation in her complaint
or her Rule Seven statement.
Houston Indep. Sch. Dist.,
113 F.3d 528, 533 (5th Cir. 1997) (“In order to state
a claim of racial discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause and § 1983,
a plaintiff must demonstrate that the governmental official was motivated by
intentional discrimination on the basis of race.”).
The district court was correct that Murray failed to adequately plead her
Fourteenth Amendment claim, since she pleaded no facts in support of the denial
of the “equal protection of the laws” in her complaint, and provided no additional
explanation in her Rule Seven statement. It is well-settled that a plaintiff
invoking § 1983 must plead specific facts that, if proved, would overcome an
official’s immunity defense; “complaints containing conclusory allegations,
absent reference to material facts, will not survive motions to dismiss.” Geter v.
Fortenberry,
849 F.2d 1550, 1553 (5th Cir. 1988). Certainly, then, it would not
be clear to a reasonable official that such conduct violated the Fourteenth
Amendment. See Anderson, 483 U.S. at 640. Accordingly, the district court’s
dismissal of Murray’s Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment claims was
appropriate.
TRUE CONCLUSION VI) CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.


Alex Salmond case: Nicola Sturgeon wants to see 'justice done'
by Sam Shedden and Chris GreenNicola Sturgeon has commented on the criminal case against Alex Salmond, saying she hopes to see "justice done."
The 64-year-old former SNP leader faces a total of 14 charges, all of which he strongly denies.
 The charges span a period between 2008 and 2014.
READ MORE: Alex Salmond accused of lying naked on woman and trying to rape her in Bute House
READ MORE: Alex Salmond court case: The charges in full
Speaking to reporters outside the High Court in the Lawnmarket after a short preliminary hearing, Mr Salmond said he will “vigorously” defend his position.
The First Minister told the media at Holyrood today it would be inappropriate for her to comment on the trial.
Ms Sturgeon said: “Obviously this is an ongoing criminal trial and it would just not be appropriate in any way, shape or form for me to make any comment on it while the trial is ongoing before it reaches a conclusion.
“The only thing I would say as First Minister and as an ordinary citizen is that my only interest is in seeing justice done, whatever that may be – but that is a matter of course for the courts."
Asked if she was concerned that Mr Salmond's case might have an impact on the general election campaign, she replied: “No, I don't.”
She added: “There will come a point where you will have questions and I will be very willing and very keen to answer all of those questions, but that time, for reasons you understand, is not now.”


|
| bool | checkFirmwarePresent (VBox::FirmwareType firmwareType, std::wstring version, std::wstring url, std::wstring file) |
| | Check if this VirtualBox installation has a firmware of the given type available, either systemwide or per-user. Optionally, this may return a hint where this firmware can be downloaded from. More...
|
| |
| std::wstring | composeMachineFilename (std::wstring name, std::wstring group, std::wstring createFlags, std::wstring baseFolder) |
| |
|
VBox::ICloudNetwork | createCloudNetwork (std::wstring networkName) |
| |
| VBox::IDHCPServer | createDHCPServer (std::wstring name) |
| | Creates a DHCP server settings to be used for the given internal network name If this method fails, the following error codes may be reported: More...
|
| |
| VBox::IMachine | createMachine (std::wstring settingsFile, std::wstring name, std::vector< std::wstring > groups, std::wstring osTypeId, std::wstring flags) |
| |
◆ checkFirmwarePresent()
| bool IVirtualBox::checkFirmwarePresent |
( |
VBox::FirmwareType |
firmwareType, |
|
|
std::wstring |
version, |
|
|
std::wstring |
url, |
|
|
std::wstring |
file |
|
) |
| |
Check if this VirtualBox installation has a firmware of the given type available, either systemwide or per-user. Optionally, this may return a hint where this firmware can be downloaded from.
\param[in] firmwareType Type of firmware to check
\param[in] version Expected version number, usually empty string (presently ignored).
\param[out] url Suggested URL to download this firmware from.
\param[out] file Filename of firmware, only valid if result == TRUE
◆ composeMachineFilename()
| std::wstring IVirtualBox::composeMachineFilename |
( |
std::wstring |
name, |
|
|
std::wstring |
group, |
|
|
std::wstring |
createFlags, |
|
|
std::wstring |
baseFolder |
|
) |
| |
- Parameters
-
| [in] | name | Suggested machine name. |
| [in] | group | Machine group name for the new machine or machine group. It is used to determine the right subdirectory |
| [in] | createFlags | Machine creation flags, see createMachine() (optional). |
| [in] | baseFolder | Base machine folder (optional). |
◆ createDHCPServer()
Creates a DHCP server settings to be used for the given internal network name If this method fails, the following error codes may be reported:
- Parameters
-
◆ createMachine()
| VBox::IMachine IVirtualBox::createMachine |
( |
std::wstring |
settingsFile, |
|
|
std::wstring |
name, |
|
|
std::vector< std::wstring > |
groups, |
|
|
std::wstring |
osTypeId, |
|
|
std::wstring |
flags |
|
) |
| |
- Parameters
-
| [in] | settingsFile | Fully qualified path where the settings file should be created, empty string or null for a default folder and file based on the name argument and the primary group. (see composeMachineFilename()). |
| [in] | name | Machine name. |
| [in] | groups | Array of group names. null or an empty array have the same meaning as an array with just the empty string or "/", i.e. create a machine without group association. |
| [in] | osTypeId | Guest OS Type ID. |
| [in] | flags | Additional property parameters, passed as a comma-separated list of “name=value” type entries. The following ones are recognized: forceOverwrite=1 to overwrite an existing machine settings file, UUID=<uuid> to specify a machine UUID and directoryIncludesUUID=1 to switch to a special VM directory naming scheme which should not be used unless necessary. |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


|
|
const char * | defaultSignature = "OmOta_xyzzy" |
| |
|
char | otaBonjourName [OOC_STRING_LEN] |
| |
|
char | otaWifiSsid [OOC_STRING_LEN] |
| |
|
char | otaWifiPassword [OOC_STRING_LEN] |
| |
◆ addUpdateControl()
| void OmOtaClass::addUpdateControl |
( |
| ) |
|
Add an update control to the current page in progress
◆ addWifiConfigForm()
| void OmOtaClass::addWifiConfigForm |
( |
| ) |
|
Add form for submitting new Wifi credentials and bonjour name
◆ getIpAddress()
| const char * OmOtaClass::getIpAddress |
( |
| ) |
|
will return a printable IP Address String only after OSS_WIFI_CONNECT has happened
◆ loop()
| bool OmOtaClass::loop |
( |
| ) |
|
Call at the beginning of your loop() function. If it returns true, skip the rest of your loop (Any work needed to update displays during setup and upload and such must be handled in your statusProc)
◆ rebootToOta()
| void OmOtaClass::rebootToOta |
( |
| ) |
|
Call this to reboot, right now, into update mode. (The next boot after this won't be in ota mode.)
◆ retrieveWifiConfig()
| void OmOtaClass::retrieveWifiConfig |
( |
| ) |
|
after eeprom is fully init'd, call to update the public fields of the wifi config.
◆ setup() [1/2]
| bool OmOtaClass::setup |
( |
const char * |
wifiSsid, |
|
|
const char * |
wifiPassword, |
|
|
const char * |
wifiBonjour = NULL , |
|
|
OtaStatusProc |
statusProc = NULL |
|
) |
| |
If returns true, skip the rest of your own setup. Uses the whole eeprom, unless you set up eeprom yourself, and call OmOta.addEeFields().
◆ setup() [2/2]
| bool OmOtaClass::setup |
( |
OtaStatusProc |
statusProc = NULL | ) |
|
Setup using eeprom. optional callback setup.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


{% load static %}
Click the button below to go to Document Upload
Click the button below to go to document retrival
Click the button below to go to taxonomy & stats


|
Programs
• Fix LRF
Internals
Downloads
Contacts
• E-mail
|
History of LRF format The LRF format is a proprietary format by Sony used in their e-readers.The format is still undocumented. Many efforts were done by enthusiasts to understand the format and to make utilities for LRF conversion since appearing Sony Librie (Japaneese version) reader on the market. This review is my personal vision of the history and is limited to the resources I used in my work. LRF conversion is rapidly growing area of the content generation development (inspired by new Sony Reader PRS-500). There are several other resources and wiki pages devoted to the LRF format and tools for conversion; the goal of this page is a review of major achievements for the beginners. This section reflects works done before February 2007, some links may not work. I'm not going to update this page for new resources, please visit forums listed in the Link section for up-to-date information. The goal of this page is to provide a reference to the programs that can be used for understanding the LRF format, the program listed here are not the only (and not necessarily the best) way to make lrf content. Formats LRF format. This BINARY format used in Sony Librie and Sony PRS-500 Readers. The format is barely documented. Some very limited information can be found at http://www.sven.de/librie/Librie/BBeB . The LRF format can be understood with the python code of lrf2lrs converter and utilities for extracting the objects from LRF files (see below). The LRF can contain text or images, the ability to show images sometimes used by homemade programs with the reference to "picture" LRF (actually this is just simple implementation of one of the features of LRF format). LRS (Librie Reader Source) format. LRS is a "source" XML format with the description for the objects used in LRF. This format was introduced in the Book Creator program (commercial program with Japanese interface) by Canon (see below). The format is documented: http://www.y-adagio.com/public/committees/iec_pt62448/1_np(0509)/100_1017e_DC.pdf . LRS files can be generated by either 3 ways: 1) with commercial Book Creator program by Canon; 2) with freeware Book Designer program (see below for more details) 3) with Python lrf2lrs converter by roxfan, Igor Skochinsky and several newly developed utilities available at www.mobileread.com. BBeB "Broadband ebook" format by Sony. Another name of LRF and, sometimes, LRS formats. Programs useful for understanding the LRF format Major programs for understanding the LRF format, listed by date: 1. Book Creator Commercial program by Canon. First mentioned in yahoo Librie group in June 2004, see post #18). The program has Japanese interface. Since that time the development of homemade LRF content was started. First, many affords were done to make English version of Book Creator (see Librie yahoo group); Second, some homebrew programs use XYLogParser.dll (with Lrs2lrf wrapper by roxfan) to create LRF files from LRS source; Third, reverse engineering of LRF format was started to develop programs independent from XYLogParser.dll. 2. Makelrf program by scythic (first introduced in yahoo librie group in October, 2004). The program comes with C-code and available in the File section of Librie group. The program allows to create Lrf files from the text files with support of the images. The program cannot create rich lrf files (only basic objects are supported), but it is hard to underestimated the progress archived with the program. Till now makelrf is widely used in many other programs as an engine for creation either simple text LRF or image-based LRF. Until recently makelrf was used in BookDesigner program (in "simple" conversion mode); and JAP programs to generate image-based LRFs. 3. LRFParser by roxfan (yahoo Librie group, November 2004, comes with C-source). The program decompiles LRF files to the objects, including TOC, header and compressed streams. To my knowledge, LRFparser is the first program where complex LRF objects and majority of tags were understood. 4. lrf2lrs (first version signed by roxan, February 2006; yahoo Librie group); the latest versions (signed by roxfan, Igor Skochinsky) are available at www.mobileread.com (Sony Portable Reader - Reader Developer's Corner - Lrf2Lrs thread, posts by igorsk). (I believe that roxfan=Igor Skorchinsky=igorsk). With the program the LRF files can be converted to the LRS files. Up to date the source of this Python program is the major source of information on LRF objects and tags. Almost all possible LRF objects and tags are supported by the program. ----------- I did not mention Java tools, because I never tried them myself. Please have a look at the forums of the sites listed in the Link section. I believe the most significant contributions are flatLrf (http://monalipse.sourceforge.jp/tmp/lrf/, January 2005) and LRFParser.java (by Scotty1024, May 2005, Librie yahoo group). FlatLrf is Java application to create lrf from html files; LRFParser.java is Java version of LRFParser by roxfan. BookDesigner (Wiki page) (by Valerii Woizechovsky (aka vvv))). This program is an universal program for conversion between many formats, reading and ebook creation. The program creates LRS file, than the LRS file is converted to LRF with external third-party converters (makelrf, lrs2lrf , LRSparser by AlexXF, the latest version uses my MSH_Lrsparser). The strong side of the BookDesigner for understanding the LRF format is ability to generate custom LRS together with corresponding LRF file for further analysis. LRF conversion utilities Please refer to the Wiki page and the link section for recent progress on content generation. Recently Sony launched site for the developers at www. prslabs.com. Unfortunately there is almost no new information. The LRS format specification is given (the one mentioned above), the XYLogParser.dll (almost the same to the discussed above, it is also very slow), and the description of the interface around the XYLogparser.dll.
|


Build up your uber app for a live-demo event on Feb 22 by carrying out the plan
you made during the hackathon
Due
Friday @ 11:59pm, 2/19/2016
Requirements
[ ] Submit a short writeup to summarize what items on your plan are executed
and what other things your team has done that deviates from your original plan.


Bases: object
Constructs image for selected backend
| Instance : | Instance name. |
|---|---|
| Name : | Image name. |
| Image_type : | Image type. |
Optional, is FLAGS.libvirt_images_type by default.
Bases: object
Creates image from template.
Ensures that template and image not already exists. Ensures that base directory exists. Synchronizes on template fetching.
| Fetch_func : | Function that creates the base image Should accept target argument. |
|---|---|
| Filename : | Name of the file in the image directory |
| Size : | Size of created image in bytes (optional) |
Create image from template.
Contains specific behavior for each image type.
| Prepare_template : | |
|---|---|
| function, that creates template. |
Should accept target argument. :base: Template name :size: Size of created image in bytes
Get LibvirtConfigGuestDisk filled for this image.
| Disk_dev : | Disk bus device name |
|---|---|
| Disk_bus : | Disk bus type |
| Device_type : | Device type for this image. |
| Cache_mode : | Caching mode for this image |
Bases: nova.virt.libvirt.imagebackend.Image
Bases: nova.virt.libvirt.imagebackend.Image
Bases: nova.virt.libvirt.imagebackend.Image


Living near busy road can stunt children's lung growth - Study
Children exposed to roadside air pollution could have their lung growth stunted by up to 14%, a study suggests.
Living within 50m of a major road could increase the risk of lung cancer by up to 10%, the paper also found.
The study of 13 cities in the UK and Poland found air pollution contributes to a higher chance of heart disease, strokes, heart failure and bronchitis.
Campaigners called on the government to commit to tackling "dangerous" air pollution in the UK.
The report written by King's College London analysed 13 health conditions in people living in high pollution areas and compared them to the general population.
It focused not just on hospital admissions and deaths but also symptoms such as chest infections.
The study found roadside air pollution stunted lung growth in children by approximately 14% in Oxford, 13% in London, 8% in Birmingham, 5% in Liverpool, 3% in Nottingham and 4% in Southampton.
Researchers also said if air pollution was cut by a fifth, there would be thousands fewer cases of children with symptoms of bronchitis across those UK cities.
'Public health crisis'
"Air pollution makes us, and especially our children, sick from cradle to the grave, but is often invisible," said Dr Rob Hughes, senior fellow at the Clean Air Fund.
"This impressive research makes this public health crisis - which affects people all across the UK - visible, and shows the urgency with which all political parties must prioritise cleaning up our air."
Dr Penny Woods, chief executive of the British Lung Foundation, called on the UK government to legally commit to the World Health Organisation's targets to clean up the country's "dangerous" air.
WHO's clean air target is for 40 µg/m3 - 40 micrograms of annual nitrogen dioxide per cubic metre of air.
"It seems as if every day we see more and more evidence of the terrible health effects air pollution is having on our lungs," Dr Woods said.
"It's the most vulnerable that are hit hardest," she added.
"We know air pollution stunts our children's still-developing lungs and those with a lung condition can find their symptoms are made far worse by poor air quality."
The group behind the study - a coalition of 15 health and environment NGOs, including the British Lung Foundation - is calling for a national network of Clean Air Zones across the UK.
Toxic air pollution in central London has reportedly fallen by a third since the introduction of a new traffic charging zone.
Levels of nitrogen dioxide in the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) dropped by 30% in the first six months of the scheme, according to City Hall.


When navigating, for some the cost of the journey is more important than the duration or route of the journey. With this map you can quickly map out 3 different paths that visually weigh duration of trip, length and the cost of the route. This map works both internationally and domestically.
We hope you enjoy this little tool and if you are interested in making a map just like this, checkout the tutorial where we walk you through the steps.
Fill in the “From” and “To” fields to specify your destination then click “Submit” to view your options and pricing. This map uses HERE Technologies JavaScript SDK version 3.1 and the source is available here .


Sitepoint recently published Introduction to Thor and, to be honest, I don’t think Thor is a great tool for writing command-line apps. Thor is a great for writing Rails generators (likely the only reasonable tool), but I wrote GLI specifically because I wanted a tool tailor-made to write awesome command-line apps.
With the re-release of my book, which uses GLI to demonstrate how to build amazing command-line apps in Ruby, I thought I’d mimic Sitepoint’s post with a GLI version, and let you decide for yourself.
What is GLI?
GLI is a Ruby library designed to make writing a “command-based” application (which I call a “command suite”) very easy. It’s designed to make the simple things simple, but to not hide anything from the developer.
I won’t go back to getopt, but a fairly common way to create a command suite application is to use OptionParser
to get command
line options, and then parse ARGV
directly to figure out the “command”:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 |
|
There are a few problems with this:
- The
--all
and--long
options are only relevant to thelist
command - There’s no explicit documentation of the commands - we have to hope that the generic help will tell us what they do
- The option handling code is very duplicative and boilerplate
- Making this robust is tricky - if the user passes wrong options, we’ll get a bad message
These are problems solvable by a framework more sophisticated than OptionParser
First Steps with GLI
Typically, a new GLI app is generated for you by the gli
command-line app:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 |
|
OK, so what happened? We haven’t written any Ruby code, but we ran some commands, and had to use bundler.
GLI makes a few assumptions about how you want to work:
- You want a canoncially set-up Ruby project structure
- You want to write tests
- You want to distribute via RubyGems
None of these are requirements for GLI, so you could just as easily gem install gli
and get to work. The reason we are using
Bundler is because bin/todo
does not hack the load path to load our files in lib
. At runtime, RubyGems will configure the
load path for our users, so everything in lib
will be available. In development, we don’t have that, so we use Bundler, which
does the same thing. You could also do RUBYLIB=lib bin/todo help
if you prefer.
Back to our app, you’ll notice that we have an application that produces a pretty decent help system already, so what does the code look like?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 |
|
Since we specified new done list
on the command line to gli init
, it went ahead and created command blocks for us. Notice
that each command block is configured in the style of rake - we describe the command, document its arguments, and declare that
it exists. You’ll notice that each command has a generic puts
in it, so we can see how our new app works right now:
1 2 3 4 5 |
|
We can also get help for particular commands already:
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
Not bad for having written absolutely no code!
Filling it in
Let’s replace the boilerplate with what we need for our todo list app.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 |
|
Basically, we’ve just replaced boilerplate text with our app-, command-, and option-specific help text. We also removed the example flags and switches and replaced them with the ones we’ll actually need.
Notice that we specified --file
outside of any command block, thus making it a global flag. This is because all commands need access to the todo file. Note also that the options --long
and --all
, which are specified inside the list
command block, will only be available for the list
command.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 |
|
Notice how we see the documentation relevant to the command, and not in one global space? Handy.
What I like about this design is that, although it’s not “object-oriented”, it’s obvious and clear. A command-line interface isn’t OO, it’s declarative and command-oriented, so it makes sense to me that we describe our UI in the same way.
Also notice the structure of the command line. In a Thor app, all command-line options must come at the end of the command line. In a GLI app, the position of the switches determines their interpretation.
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
This creates namespaces for our options, which allows the creation of a rich user interface, if needed. I borrowed this design
from git
(and, in fact, GLI stands for “Git-Like Interface”).
Our application code would likely not live inside this file, but instead be delegated to classes located under lib
, designed
and unit tested as you would in any application. The file generated by gli init
is already primed to look there.
Digging Deeper
This example only scratches the surface. Let’s go over a few different handy features for managing our command suite.
Powerful option parsing
It’s usually good practice for switches (options that take no arguments) to have both a positive and “negative” version. For
example, we’d want to be able to use --no-long
or --long
, as appropriate. You can see from our help output that GLI supports this by default. If the user
specifies --no-all
on the command line, options[:all]
will be false.
GLI makes this work because it’s using OptionParser
underneath. This opens up some other powerful features.
Suppose we want to give our new todo items a “category” and that we want to require the category to be one of “chore”, “feature”, or “bug”. The naive approach would be to examine options[:category]
inside our action
block and raise an error if it’s not one of the three allowed values, GLI, via OptionParser
, provides this for us:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 |
|
must_match
takes a wide variety of values, including an Array
, Hash
, or Regexp
.
Flags also accept the option :type
that can be used to do a type conversion. OptionParser
has some conversions built-in, but we could do very sophisticated things if we wanted to:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
|
Nice!
Default Values
You’ve probably noticed default_value
being used. This not only documents in our help text what the default of a flag is, but
it’s also the default value in global_options
or options
.
Aliases
By default, GLI will identify a command based on the shortest unambiguous string. In our case, bundle exec bin/todo n
would be
recognized as the “new” command, because no other command starts with “n”.
We can also provide explicit aliases by passing an array to command
, much as we did with our flags and switches:
1 2 3 4 5 |
|
Global Hooks
If we were to fill in the three actions with actual code, you’d see that they all have some need to access the to-do list. We
might create a class like TodoList
and use it like so:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 |
|
This can get repetitive. Although we have a way to specify that all commands have the flag --file
, it would be nice if we
could globally translate that filename into a real object and have it managed outside our commands.
That’s where pre
and post
come in:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 |
|
Here, pre
receives the parsed command and options. The pre
block’s code will execute before the contents of our action
block.
post
, too, receives this information and runs after our action block. Our todo list app commands always have access to the parsed todo list file, and can be sure that any changes they make will
be saved to disk after.
Subcommands
GLI allows infinitely nested subcommands. For example, if we wanted to have our list
command work a bit differently, such as
todo list done
or todo list inprogress
, we can model done
and inprogress
as subcommands:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 |
|
Subcommands have their own “option space”, so you can create a very sophisticated UI if you need to.
Conclusion
I’ve tried a lot of command-line libraries for Ruby and GLI is the most featureful, compact, and powerful one I’ve seen—I created
it to be that way. The thing I like about it is that simple applications have simple source code, but if you need more complex
features, they are there for you. The “shape” of your binfile mimics the shape of your app. The bootstrapping from gli init
also sets you up to have a properly organized, easily distributable application—all hallmarks of an awesome command-line app.
“Build Awesome Command-Line Applications in Ruby 2” is on sale now (and is a free upgrade for purchasers of the first version).
It covers the generic aspects of command-line development with Ruby, using GLI to demonstrate how to do it with command suites.
It’s also a much deeper dive on OptionParser
, which is a powerful tool you should learn for writing non-command-based
command-line apps. The appendix covers Thor, Main, and Methadone as well.


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block body %}
Welcome back provider!
NEW ENTRIES
BEDS OPEN
AGENTS ACTIVE
TOTAL CLIENTS
Recent updates
First Line Second Line
Clients in need


Habit Tracker is an application based off of the ideas in Steve Kamb's book: Level Up Your Life.
The idea is to live out the hero's journey yourself by becoming the character you want to be.

If you want to be Batman, this application will make you consider what you will need to do to become Batman in real life.
Choose a hero and set off on your journey!
A representation of where you are in your journey and how far you are from the final version of your character.
Currently under development
The skills and accomplishments the final version of your character has reached.
The idea is that whatever the final version of your character is capable of doing is what your goals will be. So go wild and aim high!
In addition to goals, you can add subgoals underneath a goal to break it up into more manageable pieces.
Tasks you complete to reach your goals. Each quest can be associated with a guild. The guild represents the category of quest and the type of work you will need to do.
Coming soon!
Currently under development
Coming soon!
You can find me at: https://asarav.github.io/


Strictly's 'Twirly' Shirley Ballas stuns with jaw-dropping throwback clip
She shared footage of when she was a world champion dancer as fans continue to voice annoyance over treatment of Emma Barton
by Sam Elliott, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/sam-elliott/She has had her fair share of stick from viewers this series, so anything Shirley Ballas can do to get people onside is worth a go.
The Strictly Come Dancing judge diverted a bit of attention but sharing an epic throwback ballroom clip - and she was straight away re-named Twirly Shirley!
The star shows maybe she has a right to be harsh on contestants after letting fans in on twitter.
She twists and spins in the vintage world dancing championship clip - and fans love it.
Fan Ashley Stebbings tweeted her with his amazing find and she enjoyed it, replying: "Where did you find this clip? Trip down memory lane" as she shared it with her 60,000 followers.
She certainly has the skills to be dishing out the advice in the studio.
But viewers still say her 'harsh' critique of Emma Barton isn't fair - even if she is well qualified to say what she sees.
"Don't deny she was a great dancer once upon a time but Strictly needs a judge who can be objective and not bring personal prejudices into their judgements," one wrote on twitter.
"She is amazing dancer but she is overly rude to certain contestants (usually pretty ones)" another said.
But one viewer wrote: "Absolutely outstanding dancing,when you see things like this you can understand why she is Head Judge."
Fans weren't happy about the treatment of EastEnder Emma on Saturday night.
One tweeted: "Am i f***ing missing something here? emma and anton danced brilliantly yet the judges haven’t barely given her one compliment. it’s a disgrace to hold them to a different level to everyone else on the show. #strictly."
While another commented: "Trying to figure out how Shirley can give Emma and anton a 5 and Mike a 8 she’s so biased! #strictly #StrictlyComeDancing."


--- layout: base audience: facilitators extraStyles: ["/js/bundled/videobooths.css"] ---
Join other events all over the world on Global Day of Coderetreat to make it a truly special event!
On Global Day of Coderetreat, hundreds – if not thousands! - of developers will participate in the same workshop all over the world. With our videobooths, you can connect with all the other events in a way that makes the event feel truly global!
As a facilitator, all you need is a webcam and a projector that can point into the room throughout the sessions. Our videobooths will automatically select a room with other events, so you can keep it running without intervention throughout the sessions.
If you'd like to take it a step further and say "hi" to other events, we suggest you join the
#coderetreat
or #gdcr
channel on the Software Crafters Slack and reach out, as an actual
call
usually needs more preparations and scheduling.


| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| Cipher
Provides a method of encrypting and decrypting string data, such as passwords.
|
| CipherException
Thrown when a Cipher encounters a failure when encrypting or decrypting information.
|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| CodecException
Thrown when a Codec fails to encode or decode information.
|
| ConfigurationException
Indicates there was a problem in the ConfigurationSource module.
|
| ConfigurationMetricsReporter
Provides metrics for a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| ContainsStringKeys
Used on a field of type Map with String keys to indicate that they keys
must contains specific Strings.
|
| DecodeMethod
Dictates the decoding method for a Codec, specifying whether the Codec should
perform strict decoding or be more lenient which can help in being tolerant to
data from a subtly different class version of the object.
|
| Election
Allows interaction with the election process of an individual service election.
|
| ElectionCallback
The endpoint that an election process will call to upon election or rejection of this
instance from a particular Election.
|
| ElectionException
Thrown if there is a problem with the election process.
|
| ElectionFactory
Factory class for returning Election objects for a specific service election.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
| HealthStatus
The overall, concise status of the health of a service.
|
| ManagedConfigurationSource |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| Configuration
Indicates either that the class is a simple Java object that stores configuration,
or for fields within a class, indicates this object is an embedded configuration
object that can be overridden by a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| Cipher
Provides a method of encrypting and decrypting string data, such as passwords.
|
| CipherProvider
Simple boilerplate for returning a Cipher implementation.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| Cipher
Provides a method of encrypting and decrypting string data, such as passwords.
|
| CipherException
Thrown when a Cipher encounters a failure when encrypting or decrypting information.
|
| CipherProvider
Simple boilerplate for returning a Cipher implementation.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| CodecException
Thrown when a Codec fails to encode or decode information.
|
| DecodeMethod
Dictates the decoding method for a Codec, specifying whether the Codec should
perform strict decoding or be more lenient which can help in being tolerant to
data from a subtly different class version of the object.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| CafConfigurationSource
Partial implementation of a ManagedConfigurationSource that performs hierarchical lookups
based upon the service's ServicePath, and recursive lookup for configuration objects
that themselves have configuration in marked with the @Configuration annotation.
|
| Cipher
Provides a method of encrypting and decrypting string data, such as passwords.
|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| ConfigurationException
Indicates there was a problem in the ConfigurationSource module.
|
| ConfigurationMetricsReporter
Provides metrics for a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| ConfigurationSourceProvider
Simple boilerplate to return a ConfigurationSource.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
| ManagedConfigurationSource |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| CafConfigurationSource
Partial implementation of a ManagedConfigurationSource that performs hierarchical lookups
based upon the service's ServicePath, and recursive lookup for configuration objects
that themselves have configuration in marked with the @Configuration annotation.
|
| Cipher
Provides a method of encrypting and decrypting string data, such as passwords.
|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| ConfigurationException
Indicates there was a problem in the ConfigurationSource module.
|
| ConfigurationMetricsReporter
Provides metrics for a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| ConfigurationSourceProvider
Simple boilerplate to return a ConfigurationSource.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
| ManagedConfigurationSource |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| BootstrapConfiguration
A bootstrap configuration is a method of providing basic, initial startup configuration.
|
| ConfigurationException
Indicates there was a problem in the ConfigurationSource module.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Codec
A Codec specifies methods to serialise data from a Java object to byte format,
and deserialise data from byte format back into a specified Java class.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CipherException
Thrown when a Cipher encounters a failure when encrypting or decrypting information.
|
| ConfigurationException
Indicates there was a problem in the ConfigurationSource module.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Configuration
Indicates either that the class is a simple Java object that stores configuration,
or for fields within a class, indicates this object is an embedded configuration
object that can be overridden by a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Configuration
Indicates either that the class is a simple Java object that stores configuration,
or for fields within a class, indicates this object is an embedded configuration
object that can be overridden by a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Configuration
Indicates either that the class is a simple Java object that stores configuration,
or for fields within a class, indicates this object is an embedded configuration
object that can be overridden by a ConfigurationSource.
|
| ConfigurationSource
A ConfigurationSource is intended to provide an implementation-agnostic method of
retrieving application-specific configuration.
|
| HealthReporter
Indicates this object can report on its health.
|
| HealthResult
A result returned from a class that implements HealthReporter, indicating its health status
and if necessary, a message detailing further information.
|
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