fn() dijkstraComputes shortest paths from a single source in a graph.
Computes shortest paths from a single source in a graph.
| Defined in | <seqan/graph_algorithms.h> |
|---|---|
| Signature |
void dijkstra(predecessor, distance, g, source, weight);
|
Parameters
predecessor
|
A property map. A property map that represents predecessor relationships among vertices. It determines a shortest-paths tree. |
|---|---|
distance
|
A property map.Indicates for each vertex the distance from the source. |
g
|
A graph. Types: Directed Graph |
source
|
A source vertex. Types: VertexDescriptor |
weight
|
A weight map. A property map with edge weights. Edge weights have to be nonnegative. |
Detailed Description
Remarks
Edge weights have to be nonnegative.
Example
#include <iostream> #include <seqan/graph_algorithms.h> using namespace seqan; int main() { typedef Graph<Directed<> > TGraph; typedef VertexDescriptor<TGraph>::Type TVertexDescriptor; typedef Size<TGraph>::Type TSize; // Create graph with 10 directed edges (0,1), (0,3), ... TSize numEdges = 10; TVertexDescriptor edges[] = {0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 1, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 0, 4, 2}; TGraph g; addEdges(g, edges, numEdges); // Fill external edge weight map. unsigned weights[] = {10, 5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 9, 2, 7, 6}; String<unsigned> weightMap; assignEdgeMap(weightMap, g, weights); // Run Dijkstra's algorithm from vertex 0. String<unsigned> predMap; String<unsigned> distMap; dijkstra(predMap, distMap, g, 0, weightMap); // Print results to stdout. std::cout << "Single-Source Shortest Paths: \n"; typedef Iterator<TGraph, VertexIterator>::Type TVertexIterator; TVertexIterator it(g); while (!atEnd(it)) { std::cout << "Path from 0 to " << getValue(it) << ": "; _printPath(g, predMap, (TVertexDescriptor) 0, getValue(it)); std::cout << " (Distance: " << getProperty(distMap, getValue(it)) << ")\n"; goNext(it); } // We can achieve the same thing using an internal map that is edge cargos. typedef unsigned int TEdgeCargo; typedef Directed<TEdgeCargo> TEdges; typedef Graph<TEdges> TCargoGraph; // Construct graph with the same edges as above. TCargoGraph cargoG; addEdges(cargoG, edges, numEdges); // Fill internal edge weight map. InternalPropertyMap<TEdgeCargo> intMap; assignEdgeMap(intMap, cargoG, weights); // Run Dijkstra's algorithm from vertex 0. clear(predMap); clear(distMap); dijkstra(predMap, distMap, cargoG, 0, intMap); // Print result to stdout. std::cout << "\nSingle-Source Shortest Paths: \n"; typedef Iterator<TCargoGraph, VertexIterator>::Type TCargoVertexIterator; TCargoVertexIterator itC(cargoG); while (!atEnd(itC)) { std::cout << "Path from 0 to " << getValue(itC) << ": "; _printPath(g, predMap, (TVertexDescriptor)0, getValue(itC)); std::cout << " (Distance: " << getProperty(distMap, getValue(itC)) << ")\n"; goNext(itC); } return 0; }
Single-Source Shortest Paths: Path from 0 to 0: 0 (Distance: 0) Path from 0 to 1: 0,3,1 (Distance: 8) Path from 0 to 2: 0,3,1,2 (Distance: 9) Path from 0 to 3: 0,3 (Distance: 5) Path from 0 to 4: 0,3,4 (Distance: 7) Single-Source Shortest Paths: Path from 0 to 0: 0 (Distance: 0) Path from 0 to 1: 0,1 (Distance: 0) Path from 0 to 2: 0,1,2 (Distance: 0) Path from 0 to 3: 0,3 (Distance: 0) Path from 0 to 4: 0,1,2,4 (Distance: 0)
Data Races
Thread safety unknown!


Operation {{links.current_operation}}'s Payload Information
Delete
UUID
Config
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Tag
Creator
Creation Time
Payload Type
C2 Profile
File
[[ p.tag ]]
[[ p.operator ]]
[[ toLocalTime(p.creation_time) ]]
[[ p.payload_type ]]
[[ p.c2_profile ]]
[[ p.location.split("/").slice(-1)[0] ]]
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Global PayloadType and Command Information
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[[ p.ptype ]]
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List of commands ->
Get File Paths
This transform uses no additional parameter
-> List[FilePath]
[[transformOptions[i.name].prior_output]] ->
This transform uses no additional parameter
-> [[transformOptions[i.name].return]]
[[loadTransforms.length + 1]]
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Adjust the transforms applied to the code of a new payload after the c2, c2 parameters, uuid, and commands have been stamped in.


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--- layout: post title: "I Contain Multitudes" description: "Sorry if it is a bit all over the place but the idea is cool" date: 2020-05-25 16:52:00 +0800 background: '/img/014.jpg' categories: jekyll update ---
Last day of quarantine, huh? Can you believe it has been 4 months since everything was normal? It feels like yesterday and yet it felt so far away.
See, one thing I learned this holiday is that time is a social construct. Productivity is also a social construct. There is no such thing as “doing enough“ or “not doing enough“.  We all have different expiry dates. So make the most of your time and if it doesn’t feel right, just stop doing it.
This is supposed to be a sort of “conclusion” of this quarantine. I want to talk about the things I have done, the things I could have done, my accomplished goals and things I wished I knew before the quarantine. But I could also capitalise this and turn it into an eight part series like Shane Dawson. Ha, no. I am currently in an office for business affairs, and I just want to have a laid back, nice little conversation with you here. Actually this is a monologue I am speaking to myself.
I really like this quote by Walt Whitman, “Do I contradict myself? Very well, then I contradict myself, I am large, I contain multitudes.” There is no point of me bringing up this quote here, but I feel like it tells something fundamental about us as human beings. It is okay to contradict yourself. Whitman says that it is a redeemable quality to make statements or discover things that are larger than life.
I think about the quote approximately 3 times a day. We are all larger than life a certain view. There are so many sides of me that I simply couldn’t make a list of how many masks/ identities I put on in front of different people. It is not an act, but simply something I need to do for survival. There is so much more to discover in you, it is hard to just restrain/contain yourself in a few sentences. That is why I am large. I contain multitudes.
This leads me to one of Bob Dylan (yes Bob Dylan, talking about this 79 year old man again) newest singles, called “I Contain Multitudes”. What a coincidence, right? No lol he copied Whitman.
This is my favourite stanza in the song.
I’m just like Anne Frank, like Indiana Jones
And them British bad boys, The Rolling Stones
I go right to the edge, I go right to the end
I go right where all things lost are made good again
I sing the songs of experience like William Blake
I have no apologies to make
Everything’s flowing all at the same time
I live on the boulevard of crime
I drive fast cars, and I eat fast foods
I contain multitudes
There is a sense of 七十而從心所欲不踰矩 to me lol. So this is one of my conclusions this quarantine, sort of like an self-actualisation kind of thing. Because I need to stop letting one part of my life define myself. I contain multitudes. I am not a 2, 3 or 4 dimensional character in a book; I am multi-dimensional. I am not a STEM person or a humanities person. I am both Hunty. Sorry if this sounds cheesy and stuff, but hey. That is what life is all about. Embracing the self-actualisations.


&
Milestones and Invitation to Events Across the Country!
&
The Violence Against Women Act is now twenty years old!! Feminists for Life was
the only pro-life group active in the women’s coalition to support the original
legislation. We celebrate the many lives of women and children who were saved from
domestic violence and the women who are truly survivors of sexual assault. Our
heartfelt thanks to our members and supporters who made this possible. Read insightful
articles and find resources here: http://www.feministsforlife.org/vawa/ [http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7Mywjc994En9mhxbQu9atrE_ocgTrSTf1fWzCKkkgbazW0D5KGjQlSFi4N1EWGMH1oX_OAmbfsT6wb0jGta45c3J1aqqTFT1w6BleosHR_DTrU35xFc7jk_ZHsqBp-9EM_CTEj1wwUIPTq&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==]
Feminists for Life of America welcomes donations thru the Combined Federal Campaign
(CFC) and other workplace campaigns. Please designate 10499.
This year is off to the best start EVER. Mark your calendar and pass this invitation
on!!
FFL President Serrin Foster will present “The Feminist Case Against Abortion” at
the 2nd annual Yale University pro-life conference, Vita Et Veritas [http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7Mywjc994En9mhghpRNPu-R-0gvLmweO_iNBBt7KOhkF139UV03Eh26v3hd7PhWOGP0202x5g6K6dQmhM-4zb5X7m6jqybLpa88Seq_-jKNmfmXU3hZW31S2JPW2x_cjMU6wuiZQkolwPx&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==]
, Seattle University, Seattle Pacific University, Washington State Cornerstone
Catholic Conference, University of Chicago, and Loyola University (Chicago). Serrin
will also join administrators and activists for the 19th Annual Pregnancy Resource
Forum at Georgetown University.
Vice President Sally Winn will be at the University of Wisconsin at Madison (one
of the largest in the country!) and the University of Wisconsin at Platteville.
She will also attend Students for Life of America Conferences in Maryland and
California during the Roe v. Wade anniversary events.
Joyce McCauley Benner will be at Stanford and return to Berkeley. (Last spring
600 students at Berkeley heard her. They want her back!)
Details about all events are at www.feministsforlife.org [http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7My7_54SQPcbWW2cp-_RWkvYeBpD4-gnWRcstOb3JB5VTZOHnAdEuZJvYTKY_TOwGAa9cl7JAvHb0Objwgf19bmLTrJSQdlaM4AMQWLciwoWZeR2uq9re97mcgjM2-pgyoIA==&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==]
and on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/FeministsForLife [http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7MyxtygiNlCWREQoFLS8MYlf_u2r7tEXtGM9ePmyG4soC-ATjngvmnTAZw7WARe-7Cq7waT5cRaHuAn8TEjdaBtqqb0hl5otEIfJpBpCojZlCifH2il8u3rgayXvO-_wbmUluQUDEYVOc-&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==]
Many more events and tours are being organized with these and other FFL speakers
along the Northeast Corridor, Midwest, South and West Coast. Contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>to book an event! More sponsors are needed!
Please contribute now<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7Mywjc994En9mhsD3s_ncwNDdtIYK3aGbqNekJjX_pUv4Dq_npmPHC22Byyf4FSUZTlbBzgItUb4sF1phetlj2mMZJr6kFx8ReQqfLcT965oQWw5X88HHFHsuIEYO5Klq_1FETd2DgQfoM&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==].
To sponsor a kit, lecture or event, please go to www.feministsforlife.org/support
[http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001daR8FhUla35u7OGBZsDUDsZ6-NVqrihD2LkEY3HpgGmg-q2gXR7Mywjc994En9mhsD3s_ncwNDdtIYK3aGbqNekJjX_pUv4Dq_npmPHC22Byyf4FSUZTlbBzgItUb4sF1phetlj2mMZJr6kFx8ReQqfLcT965oQWw5X88HHFHsuIEYO5Klq_1FETd2DgQfoM&c=goOaW3QgzudavILwwr0IQE4Y9G_rmyVKL00Wo-etzfPR-2_NgDbg_g==&ch=iPRmR68-uW73FDaT50siXh6VdOfehUovjUC_7H4DyIj6MqA2RNep4w==]
right now! THANK YOU!
&
Feminists for Life of America is a 501©3 nonprofit. Membership contributions and
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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
less than 10 mins
Serves
Serves 8-10
Dietary
A real British classic, this jaw-breaking treacle toffee dates back hundreds of years and is really easy to make. You will need a candy thermometer, preferably a digital one.
Line a 15 x 20cm/6 x 8in baking tray with non-stick baking parchment.
Measure all the ingredients into a deep, heavy-based saucepan. Place over a medium heat and stir occasionally until the butter is melted and the sugar has dissolved.
When the mixture is smooth and well-combined, increase the heat and bring the mixture to a fast boil. When the mixture reaches 140C/285F, pour carefully into the lined tray.
If you want even pieces, wait until the toffee is cool enough to handle, but elastic enough so that a finger pressed in the top leaves a slight indent (about 15-20 minutes depending on the room temperature). Partially cut the toffee into even pieces with an oiled knife. When it has cooled completely, break along these lines. Alternatively let the toffee cool completely, then break into shards with a toffee hammer or rolling pin.
Store in an airtight container, with individual layers of toffee separated by baking parchment. If left exposed to humidity, the toffee will soften and stick together.


bitcoin-bounties.com is currently down for maintenance.
We will be back very soon. See
twitter.com/bitcoinbounties
for more information.


Jorge Guerrero-Torres due in court Monday for conference
by WFTX Digital TeamLEE COUNTY, Fla. -- Jorge Guerrero-Torres is scheduled to be in a Lee County courtroom Monday for a case management conference.
He is accused of killing nine-year-old Diana Alvarez.
He's pleaded not guilty to first degree murder and kidnapping charges.
But Guerrero-Torres has already been found guilty on federal child pornography charges for having pictures of Diana on his phone, and is serving 40 years.
Diana vanished from her Bonita Springs home in 2016. Her body has not been found.


Decision Trees
-
Decision Trees:
A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. It is one way to display an algorithm that only contains conditional control statements.The trees have two types of Nodes:
- Internal Nodes: test feature values (usually just \(1\)) and branch accordingly
- Leaf Nodes: specify class \(h(\mathbf{x})\)
-
CART (Classification And Regression Trees) Learning:
Decision tree learning uses a decision tree (as a predictive model) to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item’s target value (represented in the leaves).“Nonlinear method for classification and regression.” - Schewchuk
Classification Trees:
Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures:- Leaves represent class labels and
- Branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels.
Regression Trees:
Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees. - Properties:
- Non-Linear
- Used for Both, Classification and Regressions
- Cuts \(X\) space into rectangular cells
- Works well with both quantitative and categorical features
- Interpretable results (inference)
- Decision boundary can be arbitrarily complicated (increase number of nodes to split on)
- Linear Classifiers VS Decision Trees (\(x\) axis) | Linear VS Non-Linear data (\(y\) axis)
- Linear Classifiers VS Decision Trees (\(x\) axis) | Linear VS Non-Linear data (\(y\) axis)
- Classification Learning Algorithm:
Greedy, top-down learning heuristic.
Let \(S \subseteq\{1,2, \ldots, n\}\) be set of sample point indices.
Top-level call: \(S=\{1,2, \ldots, n\} .\)
Algorithm:
(*) How to choose best split?:
- Try all splits
- For a set \(S\), let \(J(S)\) be the cost of \(S\)
- Choose the split that minimizes \(J(S_l) + J(S_r)\); or,
- The split that minimizes the weighted average:
$$\dfrac{\left\vert S_{l}\right\vert J\left(S_{l}\right)+\left\vert S_{r}\right\vert J\left(S_{r}\right)}{\left\vert S_{l}\right\vert +\left\vert S_{r}\right\vert }$$
- The split that minimizes the weighted average:
-
Choosing the Split - Further Discussion:
- For binary feature \(x_{i} :\) children are \(x_{i}=0 \:\: \& \:\: x_{i}=1\)
- If \(x_{i}\) has \(3+\) discrete values: split depends on application.
- Sometimes it makes sense to use multiway splits; sometimes binary splits.
- If \(x_{i}\) is quantitative: sort \(x_{i}\) values in \(S\) ; try splitting between each pair of unequal consecutive values.
- We can radix sort the points in linear time, and if \(n\) is huge we should.
- Efficient Splitting (clever bit): As you scan sorted list from left to right, you can update entropy in \(\mathcal{O}(1)\) time per point!
- This is important for obtaining a fast tree-building time.
- How to update # \(X\)s and \(O\)s Illustration (189)
- Further Discussion (189)
How to choose the cost \(J(S)\):
We can accomplish this by Measuring the Entropy (from information theory):
Let \(Y\) be a random class variable, and suppose \(P(Y=C) = p_C\).- The Self-Information (“surprise”) of \(Y\) being class \(C\) (non-negative) is:
$$- \log_2 p_C$$
- Event w/ probability \(= 1\) gives us zero surprise
- Event w/ probability \(= 0\) gives us infinite surprise
- The Entropy (“average surprisal”) of an index set \(S\):
$$H(S)=-\sum_{\mathbf{C}} p_{\mathbf{C}} \log _{2} p_{\mathbf{C}}, \quad \text { where } p_{\mathbf{C}}=\dfrac{\left|\left\{i \in S : y_{i}=\mathbf{C}\right\}\right|}{|S|}$$
The proportion of points in \(S\) that are in class \(C\).
- If all points in $S$ belong to same class? \(H(S)=-1 \log_{2} 1=0\)
- Half class \(C,\) half class \(D ? H(S)=-0.5 \log_{2} 0.5-0.5 \log_{2} 0.5=1\)
- \(n\) points, all different classes? \(H(S)=-\log_{2} \dfrac{1}{n}=\log_{2} n\)
- Weighted avg entropy after split is:
$$H_{\text {after }}=\dfrac{\left|S_{l}\right| H\left(S_{l}\right)+\left|S_{r}\right| H\left(S_{r}\right)}{\left|S_{l}\right|+\left|S_{r}\right|}$$
- Choose the split that Maximizes Information Gain:
$$\text{Info-Gain} = H(S) - H_{\text{after}}$$
\(\iff\)
Minimizing \(H_{\text{after}}\).- Info gain always positive except when one child is empty or
$$\forall \mathrm{C}, P\left(y_{i}=\mathrm{C} | i \in S_{l}\right)=P\left(y_{i}=\mathrm{C} | i \in S_{r}\right)$$
- Info gain always positive except when one child is empty or
- [Choosing Cost - Bad Idea (189)]
- [Choosing Cost - Good Idea (189)]
-
Algorithms and their Computational Complexity:
Algorithms and Complexity (189)Test Point:
- Algorithm: Walk down tree until leaf. Return its label.
- Run Time:
- Worst-case Time: is \(\mathcal{O}(\text{(tree) depth})\).
- For binary features, that’s \(\leq d\).
- For Quantitative features, they may go deeper.
- Usually (not always) \(\leq \mathcal{O}(\log n)\)
- Worst-case Time: is \(\mathcal{O}(\text{(tree) depth})\).
Training:
- Algorithm:
- For Binary Features: try \(\mathcal{O}(d)\) splits at each node.
- For Quantitative Features: try \(\mathcal{O}(n'd)\); where \(n' = \#\) of points in node
- Run Time:
- Splits/Per-Node Time: is \(\mathcal{O}(d)\) for both binary and quantitative.
Quantitative features are asymptotically just as fast as binary features because of our clever way of computing the entropy for each split.
- Points/Per-Node Amount (number): is \(\mathcal{O}(n)\) points per node
- Nodes/per-point Amount (number): is \(\mathcal{O}(\text{depth})\) nodes per point (i.e. each point participates in \(\mathcal{O}(\text{depth})\) nodes)
\(\implies\) - Worst-case Time:
$$\mathcal{O}(d) \times \mathcal{O}(n) \times \mathcal{O}(\text{depth}) \leq \mathcal{O}(nd \text{ depth}) $$
- Splits/Per-Node Time: is \(\mathcal{O}(d)\) for both binary and quantitative.
-
Multivariate Splits:
Multivariate Splits (189)
-
Regression Tree Learning:
Regression Trees (189)
-
Early Stopping:
Early Stopping (189)
- Pruning:
Pruning (189)
Notes:
- Number of splits in a Decision Tree: \(= dn\)
- Complexity of finding the split:
- Naive: \(\mathcal{O}(dn^2)\)
- Fast (sort): \(\mathcal{O}(dn \: log n)\)
Random Forests
-
Ensemble Learning:
Ensemble Learning (189)
-
Bagging - Bootstrap AGGregating:
Bagging (189)
-
Random Forests:


Variable names
To allow HARP to perform automatic operations on variables, it imposes a strict naming convention for variables. This
naming convention applies to the variable name itself and is therefore fully complementary to naming conventions that
apply to the value of a variable attribute, such as standard_name
(as specified by netCDF-CF).
Note that it is possible to use variables inside HARP products with names that do not follow the convention, but then these variables may not be handled correctly by operations that you perform on the product. The general rule is that if you have a quantity that can be represented by the naming convention below then you should use the HARP variable name for it.
HARP defines the following variable names:
| Name | Prefixes | Postfixes | Quality | Vert | Lat/Lon | Spect | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolute_vorticity | X | X | X | ||||
| absorbing_aerosol_index | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_base_height | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_base_pressure | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_extinction_coefficient | surface | X | X | X | X | ||
| aerosol_height | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_optical_depth | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | X | X | this is equal to ‘aerosol optical thickness’ | |
| aerosol_pressure | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_top_height | X | X | |||||
| aerosol_top_pressure | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_base_height | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_base_pressure | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_extinction_coefficient | surface | X | X | X | X | ||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_height | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_optical_depth | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | X | X | this is equal to ‘aerosol optical thickness’ | |
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_pressure | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_top_height | X | X | |||||
| <aerosol_type>_aerosol_top_pressure | X | X | |||||
| altitude | sensor, surface | X | X | X | |||
| altitude_bounds | X | X | X | ||||
| area | X | the size of an area defined by latitude/longitude bounds | |||||
| backscatter_coefficient | surface | X | X | X | X | ||
| cloud_albedo | X | X | |||||
| cloud_base_albedo | X | X | |||||
| cloud_base_height | X | X | |||||
| cloud_base_pressure | X | X | |||||
| cloud_base_temperature | X | X | |||||
| cloud_fraction | X | X | |||||
| cloud_height | X | X | |||||
| cloud_optical_depth | X | X | this is equal to ‘cloud optical thickness’ | ||||
| cloud_pressure | X | X | |||||
| cloud_temperature | X | X | |||||
| cloud_top_albedo | X | X | |||||
| cloud_top_height | X | X | |||||
| cloud_top_pressure | X | X | |||||
| cloud_top_temperature | X | X | |||||
| cloud_type | X | X | |||||
| collocation_index | zero-based index as provided in the collocation result file | ||||||
| column_density | stratospheric, tropospheric | amf, apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | this is the mass density | |
| column_number_density | stratospheric, tropospheric | amf, apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | ||
| count | |||||||
| datetime | |||||||
| datetime_length | |||||||
| datetime_start | |||||||
| datetime_stop | |||||||
| density | X | X | X | this is the mass density | |||
| extinction_coefficient | surface | X | X | X | X | ||
| frequency | X | ||||||
| frequency_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| frequency_photon_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| frequency_photon_radiance | X | X | |||||
| frequency_photon_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| frequency_radiance | X | X | |||||
| frequency_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| geoid_height | X | X | |||||
| geopotential | surface | X | X | X | |||
| geopotential_height | surface | X | X | X | |||
| hlos_wind_velocity | surface | X | X | X | hlos means ‘horizontal line of sight’ | ||
| index | zero-based index of the sample within the source product | ||||||
| integration_time | X | X | X | provides measurement specific integration time (at e.g. altitude or wavelength) compared to overal datetime_length; only use if integration time differs from datetime_length; integration_time longer than datetime_length that covers multiple datetime values means replication of measured value in time dimension | |||
| land_type | X | X | |||||
| latitude | sensor | X | (lat) | ||||
| latitude_bounds | (lat) | ||||||
| longitude | sensor | X | (lon) | ||||
| longitude_bounds | (lon) | ||||||
| meridional_wind_velocity | surface | X | X | X | |||
| molar_mass | X | X | X | this is the molar mass of the total substance (it is defined by the relation between the variables ‘density’ and ‘number_density’) | |||
| month | category variable for month of year (‘January’, …, ‘December’) | ||||||
| number_density | surface | X | X | X | |||
| optical_depth | X | X | X | X | this is equal to ‘optical thickness’ | ||
| orbit_index | the absolute orbit number for data from polar orbiting satellites | ||||||
| planetary_boundary_layer_height | X | X | |||||
| potential_temperature | surface | X | X | X | |||
| pressure | surface | X | X | X | |||
| pressure_bounds | X | X | X | ||||
| radiance | X | X | |||||
| reflectance | X | X | |||||
| relative_azimuth_angle | X | absolute difference between sensor and solar azimuth angles | |||||
| relative_humidity | X | X | X | ||||
| relative_vorticity | X | X | X | ||||
| scan_direction_type | |||||||
| scan_subindex | |||||||
| scattering_angle | X | ||||||
| scene_albedo | X | X | |||||
| scene_pressure | X | X | |||||
| scene_type | X | X | |||||
| sensor_azimuth_angle | X | ||||||
| sensor_elevation_angle | X | ||||||
| sensor_name | used mainly for ground based networks to provide a unique sensor id | ||||||
| sensor_zenith_angle | X | ||||||
| site_name | used for data of a specific named geographical location | ||||||
| solar_azimuth_angle | sensor, surface, toa | X | |||||
| solar_declination_angle | |||||||
| solar_elevation_angle | sensor, surface, toa | X | |||||
| solar_hour_angle | |||||||
| solar_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| solar_zenith_angle | sensor, surface, toa, | X | |||||
| sun_normalized_radiance | X | X | |||||
| surface_albedo | X | X | X | ||||
| temperature | surface | X | X | X | |||
| tropopause_altitude | X | X | altitude of the troposphere/stratosphere boundary location | ||||
| tropopause_pressure | X | X | pressure level of the troposphere/stratosphere boundary location | ||||
| validity | validity flag for each time sample or whole product; only to be used if validity flag is for multiple variables combined | ||||||
| viewing_azimuth_angle | X | ||||||
| viewing_elevation_angle | X | ||||||
| viewing_zenith_angle | X | ||||||
| virtual_temperature | X | X | X | ||||
| wavelength | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_photon_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_photon_radiance | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_photon_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_radiance | X | X | |||||
| wavelength_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_photon_irradiance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_photon_radiance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_photon_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_radiance | X | X | |||||
| wavenumber_transmittance | X | X | |||||
| wind_speed | surface | X | X | X | |||
| wind_direction | surface | X | X | X | |||
| year | integer value representing a year | ||||||
| zonal_wind_velocity | surface | X | X | X | |||
| <species>_column_density | stratospheric, tropospheric | amf, apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | this is the mass density | |
| <species>_slant_column_density | X | X | this is the mass density | ||||
| <pm>_column_density | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | X | this is the mass density | ||
| <species>_column_number_density | stratospheric, tropospheric | amf, apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | ||
| <species>_slant_column_number_density | X | X | |||||
| <species>_column_mass_mixing_ratio | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | ||||
| <species>_column_mass_mixing_ratio_dry_air | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | ||||
| <species>_column_volume_mixing_ratio | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | ||||
| <species>_column_volume_mixing_ratio_dry_air | stratospheric, tropospheric | X | X | ||||
| <species>_density | surface | X | X | X | this is the mass density | ||
| <pm>_density | surface | X | X | X | this is the mass density | ||
| O3_effective_temperature | X | X | |||||
| <species>_mass_mixing_ratio | surface | apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | ||
| <species>_mass_mixing_ratio_dry_air | surface | apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | ||
| <species>_number_density | surface | apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | ||
| <species>_partial_pressure | surface | X | X | X | |||
| <species>_partial_pressure_dry_air | surface | X | X | X | |||
| <species>_volume_mixing_ratio | surface | apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X | this is equal to ‘number mixing ratio’ | |
| <species>_volume_mixing_ratio_dry_air | surface | apriori, avk, dfs, sic | X | X | X |
The supported aerosol types are:
| Aerosol type | Description |
|---|---|
| sea_salt | sea salt |
| dust | dust |
| organic_matter | organic matter |
| black_carbon | black carbon |
| sulphate | sulphate |
The supported PM (particulate matter) types are:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| PM1 | particulate matter with d < 1 um |
| PM2p5 | particulate matter with d < 2.5 um |
| PM10 | particulate matter with d < 10 um |
The supported species are:
| Name | Description | Aliases (not used by HARP) |
|---|---|---|
| dry_air | dry air | |
| BrO | bromine oxide | |
| BrO2 | bromine dioxide | |
| CCl2F2 | dichlorodifluoromethane | freon-12, CFC-12, R-12, F12 |
| CCl3F | trichlorofluoromethane | freon-11, CFC-11, R-11, F11 |
| CCl4 | tetrachloromethane | |
| CF4 | tetrafluoromethane | CFC-14, F14 |
| CHClF2 | chlorodifluoromethane | HCFC-22, R-22, F22 |
| CH3Cl | chloromethane, methyl chloride | HCC-40, R-40 |
| CH3CN | acetonitrile, methyl cyanide | |
| CH3OH | methanol | |
| CH4 | methane | |
| CO | carbon monoxide | |
| COF2 | carbonyl fluoride | |
| COS | carbonyl sulfide | OCS |
| CO2 | carbon dioxide | |
| C2H2 | acetylene | HCCH |
| C2H2O2 | glyoxal | OCHCHO, CHOCHO |
| C2H3NO5 | peroxyacetyl nitrate | PAN |
| C2H6 | ethane | |
| C3H8 | propane | |
| C5H8 | isoprene | |
| ClNO3 | chlorine nitrate | |
| ClO | chlorine monoxide | |
| HCHO | formaldehyde | CH2O, H2CO |
| HCOOH | formic acid | HCO2H |
| HCN | hydrogen cyanide | |
| HCl | hydrogen chloride | |
| HF | hydrogen fluoride | |
| HNO2 | nitrous acid | |
| HNO3 | nitric acid | |
| HNO4 | peroxynitric acid | |
| HOCl | hypochlorous acid | |
| HO2 | hydroperoxyl | |
| H2O | water | |
| H2O_161 | water (H1/O16/H1 isotopes) | |
| H2O_162 | water (H1/O16/H2 isotopes) | HDO |
| H2O_171 | water (H1/O17/H1 isotopes) | |
| H2O_181 | water (H1/O18/H1 isotopes) | |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide | |
| IO | hypoiodite | |
| IWC | ice water content; H2O in ice state | |
| LWC | liquid water content; H2O in liquid state | |
| NH3 | ammonia | |
| NO | nitric oxide | |
| NOCl | nitrosyl chloride | |
| NO2 | nitrogen dioxide | |
| NO3 | nitrate | |
| N2 | nitrogen gas | |
| N2O | nitrous oxide | NOS |
| N2O5 | dinitrogen pentoxide | |
| OClO | chlorine dioxide | ClO2 |
| OH | hydroxyl | |
| O2 | oxygen | |
| O3 | ozone | |
| O3_666 | ozone (O16/O16/O16 isotopes) | |
| O3_667 | ozone (O16/O16/O17 isotopes) | |
| O3_668 | ozone (O16/O16/O18 isotopes) | |
| O3_686 | ozone (O16/O18/O16 isotopes) | |
| O4 | tetraoxygen, oxozone | |
| SF6 | sulfur hexafluoride | |
| SO2 | sulfur dioxide |
Variables for which a prefix and/or postfix is provided can have any of the given prefixes and/or any of the given postfixes (separated by underscores). It is not allowed to provide more than one prefix or more than one postfix. Variables having an ‘X’ in the Quality column can have any of the following additional versions of the variable (where <variable> can include any of the allowed prefix and/or postfix combinations):
- <variable>_covariance
- <variable>_uncertainty
- <variable>_uncertainty_random
- <variable>_uncertainty_systematic
- <variable>_validity
Some examples of valid variable names are: tropospheric_O3_column_number_density
,
tropospheric_O3_column_number_density_apriori
, O3_column_number_density_apriori
,
tropospheric_O3_column_number_density_uncertainty
, O3_column_number_density_apriori_uncertainty
.
The Vert, Lat/Lon, and Spec columns indicate whether a variable can be dependent on the vertical
,
latitude
& longitude
, and/or spectral
dimensions (any variable can be dependent on the time
dimension).
The ‘surface’ prefix should only be used when quantities are combined together with quantities that have a vertical dimension. If a product just contains surface quantities then don’t use a ‘surface’ prefix but just omit the vertical dimension and indicate the vertical level (i.e. location of the surface) using a ‘pressure’, ‘altitude’, and/or ‘geopotential_height’ variable.
Surface wind velocity variables are actually near-surface wind velocities (usually at surface_altitude + 10m).
All (horizontal) azimuth angles in HARP should follow the convention that 0 is North facing and the angle is increasing when moving Eastwards (i.e. clockwise). Wind direction follows the same rules as for azimuth angles (North = 0, East = 90 degrees), but the direction indicates where the wind is coming from.
In addition to the conventions above there can also be variables that describe a ‘difference’. These difference variables can only be used to describe differences of the same quantity between different datasets (‘x’ and ‘y’) and only for variables that have a unit. All difference variables in a single product should apply to the same datasets ‘x’ and ‘y’ (i.e. the difference variables should only reflect a single comparison of datasets; you should not combine one difference variable for ‘x-y’ and another for ‘x-z’ (even for different quantities) within the same product). A difference variable is indicated by a postfix. The ‘difference postfix’ can come before a ‘quality postfix’ if we are talking about the ‘quality of the difference’. If the ‘difference postfix’ comes after a ‘quality postfix’ then we are talking about the ‘difference of the quality quantity’. The supported differences are:
- <variable>_diff (\(x-y\))
- <variable>_diffrelx (\(\frac{x-y}{x}\))
- <variable>_diffrely (\(\frac{x-y}{y}\))
- <variable>_diffrelmin (\(\frac{x-y}{\min(x,y)}\))
- <variable>_diffrelmax (\(\frac{x-y}{\max(x,y)}\))
- <variable>_diffrelavg (\(\frac{2(x-y)}{x+y}\))
- <variable>_diffabs (\(|x-y|\))
- <variable>_diffabsrelx (\(\frac{|x-y|}{|x|}\))
- <variable>_diffabsrely (\(\frac{|x-y|}{|y|}\))
- <variable>_diffabsrelmin (\(\frac{|x-y|}{\min(|x|,|y|)}\))
- <variable>_diffabsrelmax (\(\frac{|x-y|}{\max(|x|,|y|)}\))
- <variable>_diffabsrelavg (\(\frac{2|x-y|}{|x+y|}\))
The postfix ‘avk’ is used for averaging kernels of atmospheric vertical profiles. An AVK that only depends once on the vertical dimension is a column averaging kernel, and an AVK that depends twice on the vertical dimension is a profile averaging kernel. The ‘amf’ postfix is used for air mass factors. The ‘dfs’ postfix is used for the ‘degree of freedom for signal’ for vertical profiles which equals the trace or diagonal of the two-dimensional AVK and provides information on the vertical resolution and information content of profiles. The ‘sic’ postfix is used for the ‘Shannon information content’ for vertical profiles which can be derived from the two-dimensional AVK.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Flat Iron Student/ Middle School Math Teacher


Track 1: Telecommunications:
Abstracts and Biographies
Track 1, Session 1: 8:30-9:30am
Directional Frequency
Reuse for Cellular Communications
by
Dr. Saleh Faruque, Northern
Telecom
Abstract: This paper presents a method of directional
frequency reuse for high density, high capacity cellular networks. Unlike
the classical method of cluster reuse, the proposed directional frequency
reuse is based on group reuse, having multiple reuse distances. Consequently,
the carrier to interference ratio (C/I) appears as a function of multiple
reuse distances with fewer cochannel interferers. Moreover, antenna downtilt
and beamwidth becomes more effective thus enhancing C/I and capacity.
Biography: Saleh Faruque has received B.Sc. in Physics
and M.Sc. in Applied Physics from Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in
1969 and 1970 respectively. He received M.A.Sc. and Ph.D degrees, both
in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada in 1976 and 1980 respectively. Dr. Faruque has been with Northern
Telecom, Brampton, Ontario, Canada, where he contributed extensively in
the area of wireless communication systems and actively participated in
the deployment of Northern Telecom's Cellular products in the Canadian
market place. Later in mid 1994 he moved to the United States, Richardson,
Texas . At present, he is a manager of radio architecture planning. Dr.
Faruque is the recipient of NORTEL's 1997 President's award of excellence
for innovation. He is the author of the Book: "Cellular Mobile systems
engineering", Artech House Inc., Boston, 1997. He has received one
U.S patent and over ten U.S & International patents pending. He has
published over 50 technical articles in IEEE & IEE Journals and Conference
Proceedings.
Return to TechCon Schedule
Track
1, Session 2: 9:45-10:45am
Comparison of W-CDMA
and DSSS-TDMA Systems
by
Donald L. Schilling,
Ph.D., Chairman of the Board,
Golden Bridge Technology
Inc., NJ.
Abstract: W-CDMA is a preferential CAI since it provides
significant immunity to multpath fading. However, in a multpath access
mode, the capacity of a CDMA system is limited by the lack of orthogonality
of the received transmissions from the users terminals and the resulting
near-far problem. TDMA is a time-orthogonal system, which, when spread,
provides both orthogonality, as well as, immunity to multipath. This paper
compares a wireless system employing W-CDMA transmissions from terminal-to-base
and from base-to-terminal, with a novel system which employs spread-TDMA
transmission from terminal-to-base and W-CDMA transmission from base-to-terminal,
thereby providing optimum performance in both directions.
The systems are compared on the basis of capacity in a multipath, multiple
cell, environment and on the basis of complexity. The spread spectrum receivers
employed in both systems employ matched filters which permit connectionless
as well as connection based packet switched communications.
Biography: Donald L. Schilling, Ph.D. is Chairman of the
Board of Directors with Golden Bridge Technology, Inc. Dr. Schilling
was formerly Vice Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
of InterDigital Communications Corporation where he invented and led the
development of Broadband-CDMA, and began the field of PCS in the U.S.A.
Wideband-CDMA, currently being developed by Dr. Schilling, is being proposed
for standardization in the TIA.
Dr. Schilling is Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering at the
City College of New York. Dr. Schilling retired in May 1992 as the Herbert
G. Kayser Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering at the City
College of the City University of New York. Prior to moving to CCNY, he
was a Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of New York.
Dr. Schilling is an internationally known expert in the field of communications
systems., He has made many notable contributions in spread spectrum communications
systems, FM and phase-locked systems, meteor burs= t communications systems
and HF systems. His design of an adaptive delta modulator is used on the
Space Shuttle.
Dr. Schilling was President of the IEEE Communications Society from
1980-1981, and a member of the Board of Directors of the IEEE from 1982-1983.
He was Editor of the Transactions on Communications, Director of Publication
from 1968-1978, and initiated the Comsoc Magazine and JSAC. During his
term as President, he also initiated the MILCOM and INFOCOM conferences.
He is a Fellow of the IEEE and a member of Sigma Xi. He has co-authored
twelve textbooks, more than 200 papers and has 40 patents, granted and
pending, in telecommunications and electronics.
Return to TechCon Schedule
Track
1, Session 3: 11:00-12:00pm
CDMA Reverse Link Signal Detection
and Demodulation
by
Jon St. Clair, Motorola
Abstract: This talk presents a practical treatment of
the methods, trade-offs, and design of a CDMA PCS direct sequence spread
spectrum signal receiver. The talk includes a walk-through of how a narrow
band signal is recovered from a wideband signal, the Hadamard transform
process, the multi-channel rake receiver, and how the deinterleaving and
decoding blocks all work and play together to provide clear reception of
a faded subscriber signal.
Biography: Jon St. Clair has worked with wireless communications
for the last 16 years with Motorola in Fort Worth. The last seven years
have been spent working on the design of Cellular and PCS products in the
infrastructure branch of the larger Cellular Networks and Space Sector
of Motorola, where he is currently a Senior Staff Engineer.
Return to TechCon Schedule
Track 1, Session 4: 1:30-2:30pm
Short-Term Fading
in Mobile Communications: Characterization & Mitigation Techniques
by
Dr. Ali R. Shah, Ericsson
Inc.
Abstract: In this talk, short-term fading problems in
mobile communications are characterized and mitigation techniques are presented.
The effect of multipath, delay spread, coherence bandwidth, Doppler shift,
Doppler spread, and coherence time are presented and discussed. The different
types of short-term fading: flat & frequency selective fading, and
slow & fast fading are also presented. The mitigation techniques to
combat fading are then discussed, including time diversity (equalization),
multipath (rake), and space (antennas).
Biography: Dr Ali R. Shah is currently working for Ericsson
Inc., Wireless Engineering Technologies, Ericsson Radio Systems since July
1996. In this capacity he has been involved in publishing and patenting
ideas related to wireless communications. He obtained his doctoral degree
from the School of Information Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax,
VA in 1996. He received his Master's degree from the Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia in
1992. Before that he worked as an ICSC-World Labs Fellow at the National
Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rome, Italy on the "Large Volume Detector"
1989-90. He graduated with his bachelor's from the Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, Pakistan in 1989.
Dr Ali R. Shah has been the recipient of a graduate fellowship, from the
Graduate School, George Mason University, Fairfax VA. In 1989 he received
a World Labs Fellowship to work as a research fellow at the National Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Frascati, Italy. He is a position-holder in his undergraduate
engineering class at NED University of Engineering and Technology. In 1982,
he secured a Karachi Merit Scholarship from the Karachi Board of Intermediate
Education.
Dr Shah has also taught as a guest lecturer at the University of Texas
at Dallas. His areas of interest range from self-adaptive equalization
to coverage verification and analysis in cellular systems. He has several
publications in the field of wireless communications and is in the process
of applying for patents in this area.
Return to TechCon Schedule
Track
1, Session 5: 2:45-3:45am
Design of WDM Optical
Transport Networks
by
Francesco Masetti, PhD,
Alcatel Corporate Research Center
Abstract: Optical communications will enable radical
changes within future transport networks. This presentation examines the
main options and issues towards the design and implementation of telecommunication
optical core networks based on multi-wavelength transmission and routing.
After a short introduction, addressing essentially the context for the
adoption of optical techniques to implement routing functions, the node
functional requirements (different optical cross-connects and add-drop
multiplexers) are then illustrated, and this introduces also the relationships
between the node and network functional architectures, which affect the
design phase and the management techniques. This design must ensure proper
allocation of resources and network survivability, together with engineering
rules to ensure physical feasibility. Finally some technological and experimental
results are given as examples to show feasibility of the concepts.
Biography: Francesco Masetti received a M.S. degree in
Electronic Engineering, a postgraduation Master in Information Technology
and a Ph. D. in Computer Science. He is currently the Location Director
of the Alcatel Corporate Research Center in Richardson, TX. He has authored/co-authored
several articles in refereed journals and conferences and is a member of
the IEEE.
Return to TechCon Schedule
Track
1, Session 6: 4:00-5:00am
Multimedia Communications Over Low
Rate Wireless Channels
by
Dr. Jerry D. Gibson,
SMU
Abstract: As the basic telecommunications paradigm shifts
from one centered onseparate voice and data networks to a focus on developing
ubiquitousmultimedia communications, we are faced with the challenge of
providingexceptional quality of service (QoS) and seamless user connectivity
over avast array of heterogeneous networks. Low rate wireless communicationsoffers
some of the greatest difficulties because of the unreliable natureof the
transmission medium, the need to conserve battery power, and therestricted
bandwidth available. We first examine the issues in thetransmission of
voice signals over mobile connections at 8 kbits/s andbelow, with particular
emphasis on the speech coder design, unequal errorprotection, and the effects
of background impairments. We then address theproblem of wireless video
transmission at 28.8 kbits/s, exploring a newmultiframe block motion compensation
technique. Audio and videodemonstrations will be presented.
Biography: Jerry D. Gibson currently serves as Chairman
of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Southern Methodist University
in Dallas, Texas. He has held positions at General Dynamics-Fort Worth,
the University of Notre Dame, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Texas
A&M University. He served as President of the IEEE Information Theory
Society in 1996. Dr. Gibson is Editor-in-Chief of The Mobile Communications
Handbook ( 1995) and of The Communications Handbook (1997). In 1990, Dr.
Gibson received The Fredrick Emmons Terman Award from The American Society
for Engineering Education, and in 1992, was elected Fellow of the IEEE
for contributions to the theory and practice of adaptive prediction and
speech waveform coding. He was co-recipient of the 1993 IEEE Signal Processing
Society Senior Paper Award for the Speech Processing area. His research
interests include data, speech, image, and video compression, multimedia
over networks, wireless communications, information theory, and digital
signal processing.
Return to TechCon Schedule


How?
Enter a pattern of letters and symbols to find matching English words! Use a * to represent any number of arbitrary letters (including 0), or use a number to represent exactly that many letters. Try this:
{#if pattern.length > 0 && words.length === 0 }
Loading word list …
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No words match {pattern}.
{:else}
{#each results as result}


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As technology continues to shift and grow, a gap has emerged in how Enterprises can leverage a community of experienced and skilled developers. More important, is how to leverage this community in a scalable and secure way that enables both sides to thrive in the delivery of business-critical solutions and products.
The Fathym Forge supports a configuration driven development experience that separates developers from the technology infrastructure configured by enterprise engineers. This enables developers to create solutions against an application spec that enterprise managers can configure to their platform.
The Forge is a collection of Low Code development workflows for building rich Data Applications in a distributed, secure, and scalable architecture. As we continue to roll out our Low Code tool sets, we will also be adding additional infrastructure providers. For now, we have partnered with Microsoft Azure to deliver a best-in-class architecture for applications built with the Forge.
Before digging in to the features of the Forge, you'll need to make your first infrastructure decision. Are you just Exploring the features, looking for support with a managed Azure Subscription, or do you have your own Azure accounts setup?
The best and easiest way to get started is with your own Azure Subscriptions. There are great cost saving opportunities for new users and you only ever pay for what you need. To get started with a new Azure Account, head over here!
Not ready to dive in, no worries you can start poking around and doing whatever you want. Just know that there is no guarantee at the length of time your setup will be available and that it may be shut off at any time. The most logical place to get started in this context would be at the Application Forge. Here you can learn how to begin building Data Applications on your domain.
Get Started with the Application ForgeIf you don't have a team to manage and support your efforts in Azure, we can help you with it all. Reach out to us and we'll get you setup with a subscription of your own that we help manage on your behalf.
Contact Us for Managed Subscription OptionsDon't worry, we are still going to help manage your infrastructure with our Low Code tools, we'll just do it all in your Enterprise Infrastructure. To get started, use the link below to enable the Forge Provisioning Solution, and then we'll take you to the documentation for setting up and configuring your Enterprise Forge Subscription.
Enable Your Enterprise Infrastructure


| 004:007 Khan | : |
There is a share for men and a share for women from what is left by parents and those nearest related, whether, the property be small or large - a legal share. |
| 004:007 Maulana | : |
For men is a share of what the parents and the near relatives leave, and for women a share of what the parents and the near relatives leave whether it be little or much -- an appointed share. |
| 004:007 Pickthal | : |
Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share. |
| 004:007 Rashad | : |
The men get a share of what the parents and the relatives leave behind. The women too shall get a share of what the parents and relatives leave behind. Whether it is a small or a large inheritance, (the women must get) a definite share. |
| 004:007 Sarwar | : |
Male and female are entitled to their legal share in the legacy of their parents and relatives, whether it be small or large. |
| 004:007 Shakir | : |
Men shall have a portion of what the parents and the near relatives leave, and women shall have a portion of what the parents and the near relatives leave, whether there is little or much of it; a stated portion. |
| 004:007 Sherali | : |
For men is a share of that which parents leave and near relations leave; and for women is a share of that which parents and near relations leave, whether it be little or much - a determined share. |
| 004:007 Yusufali | : |
From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the property be small or large,-a determinate share. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: تنظيم العلاقات المالية > أموال النساء Organizing Financial Relationships>Women's Property تنظيم العلاقات المالية > الميراث Organizing Financial Relationships>Inheritance
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


The Worry With Wedding Whales
The Worry With Wedding Whales
For the software start-up, finding product-market fit and achieving a scalable customer acquisition process are the be-all, end-all. It’s hard to imagine having solved for these two major hurdles without feeling like the hardest battles are behind you.
Of course, then comes the growth race, which itself brings challenges as the leadership team grows, creating newfound struggles to pick a lane as perspectives diversify.
While that phase of a company’s lifecycle is worth books unto itself, there’s one particular activity therein that seems to occur with enough frequency that it has become conspicuous to me: whale hunting.
True Places Never Are
Consider an email start-up we’ll call “Ishmail”.
Ishmail is killing it. Ishmail has found product-market fit. Ishmail has scaled from dozens total to dozens per department. Ishmail could be cash-flow positive in seconds. Ishmail could be a lifestyle company for years.
And, most importantly, Ishmail is beloved by, and now under immense pressure from, its investors.
With the act of scaling through people and process underway, Ishmail must now find ways to succeed exponentially. Multiplying recurring revenue or marketshare, whatever the key metric, is now the month-over-month tablestakes for existence.
So what does Ishmail do?
Ishmail’s Sales team can expand to new regions. Its Marketing team can target new lead sources. Its Account Management team can pursue growth of existing accounts.
But what of the product itself? Ishmail’s Product team now faces an existential dilemma. What’s next?
Product can help grow the business by adding net new product features—features to qualify leads previously disqualified or convert opportunities previously lost.
Alternatively, Product can expand the company portfolio with net new products—products that extend the company’s reach into adjacent markets or create new markets.
Product could help the business move up or down market by expanding the target customer of your existing products. This often necessitates new features—sometimes, entirely new products.
Truth Hath No Confines
These are product-oriented solutions, though. And as many a founder will point out to us, Product isn’t thinking holistically: it’s only considering customer revenue.
For Ishmail, as with any start-up, raising customer revenue is only one financial metric to push: raising capital is another—and the tactics required for each are often different and sometimes opposed.
The desire to raise capital oft leads to this post’s raison d’être.
What if Ishmail were to attract a big-named customer and treat them like a partner? What if it can land a whale who it can use as publicity to generate demand? Marketing is a cost, but partnership? Partnership is a revenue opportunity!
This is quite often a tactic that many founders lean on, and for some fortunate, and many unfortunate, this has proven effective in the past. The classic Unidesk and Dell example comes to mind. This tactic can also go very , very wrong.
Be it a partnership or a customer relationship, wedding a whale can bring with it a significant set of challenges. Like an ugly introvert wed to a beautiful extravert, the start-up can too easily fall prey to its insecurity.
The resulting kneejerk can do incredible damage as the start-up veers its product roadmap to keep its partner or customer happy at the expense of everyone else, top customers and talent alike.
That said, such a tactic can also lead to massive success—if our fair Ishmail can manage its Moby Dick, of course. But that’s no easy task.
And such is the worry with wedding whales.


Four Shadows Demo
Current Hour:
Direction of shadow is based on direction of 'hour hand' on an analog clock.
Simulate Time


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Factory Delegates
You can register delegates in a Rezolver container so that, when the associated service type is resolved, your delegate will be executed and its result returned as the instance.
The delegate can be of any type, subject to the following constraints:
- The delegate must have non-
void
return type - It must not have any
ref
orout
parameters
To register delegates you can use one of the many RegisterDelegate extension methods for ITargetContainer.
To create delegate targets you can either:
- Manually create an instance of DelegateTarget through its constructor
- Use the ForDelegate overload, which provides specialisations for variants of the
System.Func<>
generic delegate
Delegates are a useful tool in the context of IOC containers as support for them gives you the opportunity to perform much more complex tasks in order to resolve an object than the functionality offered by the standard targets in Rezolver.
Whether you should perform excessively complex logic in these factories is a topic of debate. Our view is that you should be able to if you want, or need, to, so Rezolver's support for delegates is extensive, including the ability to inject arguments to your delegate from the container, or resolve additional services inside your delegate through IResolveContext.
Basic Examples
Here are some straightforward examples
RegisterType
analogue
In this example, we simply register a delegate that fires a type's constructor:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterDelegate(() => new MyService());
var result = container.Resolve<MyService>();
Assert.NotNull(result);
As a Singleton
We can also use the Singleton and the Scoped extension methods to modify the lifetime of the object produced by the delegate:
var container = new Container();
container.Register(
// RegisterSingleton specialises for types only, so
// we create the target manually and apply this .Singleton
// extension method to to it before registering
Target.ForDelegate(() => new MyService()).Singleton()
);
var result = container.Resolve<MyService>();
var result2 = container.Resolve<MyService>();
Assert.Same(result, result2);
Honouring Scopes (IContainerScope)
As you would expect, if the object is resolved through a scope, then it will be tracked and disposed by that scope when it is disposed:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterDelegate(() => new DisposableType());
DisposableType result, result2;
using (var scope = container.CreateScope())
{
result = scope.Resolve<DisposableType>();
using (var childScope = scope.CreateScope())
{
result2 = childScope.Resolve<DisposableType>();
}
Assert.True(result2.Disposed);
}
Assert.True(result.Disposed);
Advanced Examples
Argument injection
As mentioned in the introduction, Rezolver can inject arguments into your factory delegates just like they were constructors bound by ConstructorTarget or GenericConstructorTarget.
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<MyService, IMyService>();
// delegate requires an IMyService to feed as a dependency, along with
// another value which is not injection-friendly (DateTime)
DateTime expectedStartDate = new DateTime(2014, 5, 5);
container.RegisterDelegate((IMyService service) =>
new RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime(service, new DateTime(2014, 5, 5)));
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresIMyServiceAndDateTime>();
Assert.NotNull(result.Service);
Assert.Equal(expectedStartDate, result.StartDate);
Any delegate type, with any number of parameters, is supported, so long as it has a return type.
Injecting IResolveContext
All Resolve operations have an IResolveContext at their heart. Through the context, you can get the Container that originally received the call, the Scope and the RequestedType. It can also be used to create a new child scope (through its implementation of the IScopeFactory interface).
If you need the context to be passed to your delegate - just make sure to declare a parameter of that type, most commonly you'll probably use the single parameter specialisation of the RegisterDelegate or ForDelegate methods, but ultimately the parameter can appear anywhere in the delegate's signature and it will be injected.
This example shows the Func<IRezolveContext, TResult>
overload in action:
var container = new Container();
// RegisterDelegate has a specialisation for a delegate which takes ResolveContext
container.RegisterDelegate(rc => new RequiresResolveContext(rc));
var result = container.Resolve<RequiresResolveContext>();
// the context was injected
Assert.NotNull(result.Context);
// and the container on the context will be the one on which we called Resolve<>
Assert.Same(container, result.Context.Container);
Resolving inside a delegate
Building on the above, here's an example which injects the IResolveContext in order to perform a late-bound Resolve operation to inject a different dependency based on some ambient information about a user (which is also injected into the delegate).
This is quite a long example which, admittedly, can be solved in a few different ways. We're not saying this is the only way :)
public class AppIdentity : IIdentity
{
public string AuthenticationType { get; } = "Magic";
public bool IsAuthenticated { get; } = true;
public string Name { get; } = "Joe Bloggs";
}
public class AppPrincipal : IPrincipal
{
public IIdentity Identity { get; }
private string[] Roles { get; }
public AppPrincipal(IIdentity identity, string[] roles)
{
Identity = identity;
Roles = roles ?? new string[0];
}
public bool IsInRole(string role)
{
return Roles.Contains(role, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
}
}
public interface IUserActionsService
{
IEnumerable<string> GetActions();
}
public interface IRoleBasedActionsService : IUserActionsService
{
}
public class CustomerActionsService : IRoleBasedActionsService
{
public IEnumerable<string> GetActions() =>
new[] {
"View Products"
};
}
public class SalesActionsService : IRoleBasedActionsService
{
public IEnumerable<string> GetActions() =>
new[] {
"Create Customers",
"View Products"
};
}
public class AdminActionsService : IRoleBasedActionsService
{
public IEnumerable<string> GetActions() =>
new[] {
"Manage Users",
"Manage Products",
"Create Customers",
"View Products"
};
}
public class UserControlPanel
{
public IUserActionsService ActionsService { get; }
public UserControlPanel(IUserActionsService actionsService)
{
ActionsService = actionsService;
}
}
The goal is to create a UserControlPanel
which is correct for the current User (identified by a static property CurrentPrincipal
),
so that it has access to a list of actions the user can perform based on their role. The UserControlPanel
class requires an
IUserActionsService
which provides access to that list of actions, and we have three separate implementations of that interface
which we could use, based on the user's role.
We will use the @RezolveContext.Resolve* operation to create the instance we want to inject after deciding which type to resolve based on the user's role:
static IPrincipal CurrentPrincipal { get; set; }
[Fact]
public void ShouldGetDifferentImplementationFromResolveContextForUser()
{
IIdentity identity = new AppIdentity();
// three principals, one for each role
var adminPrincipal = new AppPrincipal(identity, new[] { "Admin" });
var salesPrincipal = new AppPrincipal(identity, new[] { "Sales" });
var customerPrincipal = new AppPrincipal(identity, new[] { "Customer" });
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterType<AdminActionsService>();
container.RegisterType<SalesActionsService>();
container.RegisterType<CustomerActionsService>();
container.RegisterType<UserControlPanel>();
// register delegate to read the CurrentPrincipal property, to make it dynamic
container.RegisterDelegate(() => CurrentPrincipal);
// now register the delegate handler for the IUserActionsService, which does the
// role sniffing over the principal
container.RegisterDelegate((IPrincipal p, IResolveContext rc) => {
IUserActionsService toReturn = null;
if (p != null)
{
if (p.IsInRole("Customer"))
toReturn = rc.Resolve<CustomerActionsService>();
else if (p.IsInRole("Sales"))
toReturn = rc.Resolve<SalesActionsService>();
else if (p.IsInRole("Admin"))
toReturn = rc.Resolve<AdminActionsService>();
}
return toReturn;
});
// set the principal, and resolve
CurrentPrincipal = adminPrincipal;
var result1 = container.Resolve<UserControlPanel>();
// now swap principals
CurrentPrincipal = salesPrincipal;
var result2 = container.Resolve<UserControlPanel>();
// and again
CurrentPrincipal = customerPrincipal;
var result3 = container.Resolve<UserControlPanel>();
Assert.IsType<AdminActionsService>(result1.ActionsService);
Assert.IsType<SalesActionsService>(result2.ActionsService);
Assert.IsType<CustomerActionsService>(result3.ActionsService);
}
Next Steps
That's about it for delegate registrations. There are plans to add functionality to decorate instances via delegate, but in the meantime feel free to explore the table of contents or head back to the main service registration overview to explore more features of Rezolver.


NetPacketProcessor
Fast specialized for network purposes serializer.
It supports classes with public properties with "get" and "set" methods or classes/structs which implements INetSerializable
.
Serializer adds some overhead to packet size: 64 bit hash of class name and namespace (8 bytes). All other class fields will be as is in resulting packet.
Serialization speed comparsion
Serialization 100000 times of simple structure from example (NET 4.5
):
Serializer|Time|Size
---|---|---|
BinaryFormatter|3334 ms|1096 bytes
NetSerializer (first run)|45 ms|204 bytes
NetSerializer (second run)|37 ms|204 bytes
Raw|24 ms|204 bytes
Supported property types
byte sbyte short ushort int uint long ulong float double bool string char IPEndPoint
Arrays of all these types (and custom types) are also supported.
Enums are supported but work a bit slower than other types.
Custom types
NetPacketProcessor doesn't support nested structs or classes, but you can register your own custom type processors.
That useful for game engine types such as Vector3 and Quaternion (in Unity3d).
// Your packet that will be sent over network
class SamplePacket
{
// Both property and array are supported
public MyType SomeMyType { get; set; }
public MyType[] SomeMyTypes { get; set; }
}
// Some custom type variant 1: Basic struct
struct MyType
{
public int Value1;
public string Value2;
public static void Serialize(NetDataWriter writer, SomeMyType mytype)
{
writer.Put(mytype.Value1);
writer.Put(mytype.Value2);
}
public static MyType Deserialize(NetDataReader reader)
{
MyType res = new MyType();
res.Value1 = reader.GetInt();
res.Value2 = reader.GetString();
return res;
}
}
...
netPacketProcessor = new NetPacketProcessor();
netPacketProcessor.RegisterNestedType( MyType.Serialize, MyType.Deserialize ); // Supply Serialization methods
You can also implement INetSerializable interface:
// Some custom type variant 2: INetSerializable struct
struct MyType : INetSerializable
{
public int Value1;
public string Value2;
public void Serialize(NetDataWriter writer)
{
writer.Put(Value1);
writer.Put(Value2);
}
public void Deserialize(NetDataReader reader)
{
Value1 = reader.GetInt();
Value2 = reader.GetString();
}
}
...
netPacketProcessor = new NetPacketProcessor();
netPacketProcessor.RegisterNestedType<MyType>(); // Serialization handled automatically thanks to INetSerializable
If you want to use a class instead of a struct you must implement the INetSerializable interface and provide a constructor:
// Some custom type variant 3: Class, must implement INetSerializable
class MyType : INetSerializable
{
public int Value1;
public string Value2;
public void Serialize(NetDataWriter writer)
{
writer.Put(Value1);
writer.Put(Value2);
}
public void Deserialize(NetDataReader reader)
{
Value1 = reader.GetInt();
Value2 = reader.GetString();
}
}
...
netPacketProcessor = new NetPacketProcessor();
netPacketProcessor.RegisterNestedType<MyType>(() => { return new SomeMyType(); }); // Must provide constructor
Usage example
For full example look at source SerializerBenchmark
Packet
class SamplePacket
{
// All of these will be automatically serialized and deserialized
public string SomeString { get; set; }
public float SomeFloat { get; set; }
public int[] SomeIntArray { get; set; }
}
Sending / recieving
// Client
class SomeClientListener : INetEventListener
{
private readonly NetPacketProcessor _netPacketProcessor = new NetPacketProcessor();
...
public void OnPeerConnected(NetPeer peer)
{
// After connection is established you will have the server as a NetPeer
SamplePacket packet = new SamplePacket
{
SomeFloat = 3.42f,
SomeIntArray = new[] {6, 5, 4},
SomeString = "Test String",
}
// Serialize the packet with NetSerializer and send it to the peer (server)
peer.Send(_netPacketProcessor.Write(packet), DeliveryMethod.ReliableOrdered);
//You can also use _netPacketProcessor.Send(peer, packet, DeliveryMethod.ReliableOrdered);
}
}
// Server
class SomeServerListener : INetEventListener
{
private readonly NetPacketProcessor _netPacketProcessor = new NetPacketProcessor();
public SomeServerListener()
{
// Subscribe to recieving packets.
_netPacketProcessor.SubscribeReusable<SamplePacket, NetPeer>(OnSamplePacketReceived);
}
// Handler for SamplePacket, registered in constructor above
private void OnSamplePacketReceived(SamplePacket samplePacket, NetPeer peer)
{
Console.WriteLine("[Server] ReceivedPacket:\n" + samplePacket.SomeString);
}
// INetEventListener function.
public void OnNetworkReceive(NetPeer peer, NetPacketReader reader, DeliveryMethod deliveryMethod)
{
Console.WriteLine("[Server] received data. Processing...");
// Deserializes packet and calls the handler registered in constructor
_netPacketProcessor.ReadAllPackets(reader, peer);
}
}
Mini FAQ
Q: NetPacketProcessor
throws "Undefined packet in NetDataReader
" but all packets are registered.
A: This can happen when packet definitions resides in different namespaces. Check that registered packet classes/structs are in the same namespace on both ends.
To avoid this error altogether, use shared code/-assembly for packets.


The Coalition of Pakistani Students - US is a network of Pakistani students/students of Pakistani origin studying in the United States. We aim to provide Pakistani students and alumni an opportunity to connect with each other and pool their collective resources to solve pressing issues concerning Pakistani communities at both home, and abroad. The Coalition also aims to serve as a social and professional networking hub for students, allowing them a platform to take initiative, organize, and collaborate to affect change, with support from the Coalition.


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Our corporate office is located in central Phoneix, Arizona. We will film anywhere within a 30 mile radius of downtown Phoenix without charge. We would be happy to travel for your event, however travel expenses may occur.


A homepage for my programming projects
Charles Ewel
May 27th 2016
HTML, CSS, Bootstrap
Making it look good at every screen size
A homepage for a fictional ski resort
Charles Ewel
May 26th 2016
HTML, CSS, Bootstrap
Building a dropdown nav
A homepage for a fictional animal shelter
Charles Ewel and Sam Park
May 25th 2016
HTML and CSS
Making it look good(ish) at every screen size
A homepage for a fictional beach resort
Charles Ewel and Bang Nguyen
May 24th 2016
HTML and CSS
Syntax and cascading rules, git branching and github pages
A list of my and Halle's favorite things
Charles Ewel and Halle Williams
May 23rd 2016
HTML
Syntax and Indentation, GIT


Syntax - Tasty Web Development Treats
Wes Bos & Scott Tolinski - Full Stack JavaScript Web Developers
Tasty Treats — Rems VS Ems, Remote Work, Making Money, Getting good at Design + more! 🍬
Advice for New Developers, Imposter Syndrome and Interviewing at Google
Our Stacks Explained 🖥 💪
The Command Line for Web Developers
Why is everyone switching to VS Code?
Our favourite Productivity Hacks 🔥
CSS in JS 💅👩🎤💁🚒 (Drama Free!)
Dang, that's handy! JavaScript Utility Libraries 🛠
Wes Bos Origin Story 🎸💼💻🔥🐷
Scott Tolinski Origin Story 🎧 📹 💻 🕺
Accepting Money on the Internet 💰💸
How to Slam Dunk Freelancing 🏀🤑
JavaScript Tooling - 004
CSS Preprocessors and Structuring CSS - 003
Webcam and audio access with WebRTC and getUserMedia() - 002
React Tools - 001
Syntax 000 - PREVIEW


See: Description
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| Actions |
Helper class for Action interfaces.
|
| AsyncSubject<T> |
Represents the result (last value or exception) of an asynchronous operation
delivered through observation.
|
| Atomics |
Utility classes to perform some AtomicXYZ related operations
not supported by the classes themselves.
|
| CircularBuffer<T> |
A simple circular buffer with absolute indices.
|
| Closeables |
Utility methods for various closeable objects.
|
| ComparingHashMap<T,U> |
A hash map which uses custom equality comparer on its items.
|
| ComparingHashMap.Entry |
The set entry.
|
| ComparingHashSet<T> |
A hash set which uses custom equality comparer on its items.
|
| ComparingHashSet.Entry |
The set entry.
|
| CompositeCloseable |
A composite closeable which maintains a list of sub-closeables and has its
own alive state.
|
| DefaultCloseableObserver<T> |
Class to wrap a raw observer and provide it with
enforced event-sequence constraints and closeability.
|
| DefaultConnectableObservable<T,U> |
Default implementation of the connectable observable which can be disconnected
from its source independently from the registered observers.
|
| DefaultGroupedIterable<K,V> |
The default implementation for a grouped iterable
which holds the values in a
LinkedList . |
| DefaultGroupedObservable<Key,Value> |
A variant of the registering observable which stores a group key.
|
| DefaultObservable<T> |
An observable + observer implementation which keeps track of the registered observers and
common methods which dispatch events to all registered observers.
|
| DefaultObserver<T> |
The default implementation of the Observer interface
used by the Reactive operators.
|
| DefaultObserverEx<T> |
Extension to the default observer for cases when the observer itself
needs to track sub-observers and their close handlers.
|
| DefaultRunnable |
A default runnable implementation which may
use an internal or external lock to synchronize
access to its alternative onRun method.
|
| DefaultSink<T> |
A default sink implementation which wraps
an observer and closes a closeable on error
or finish.
|
| Func0Builder<T> |
Class holding a Func0 object and providing various relevant methods
of the
Functions utility class as instance methods. |
| Func1Builder<T,U> |
Class holding a Func1 object and providing various relevant methods
of the
Functions utility class as instance methods. |
| Func2Builder<T,U,V> |
Class holding a Func2 object and providing various relevant methods
of the
Functions utility class as instance methods. |
| Functions |
Helper class with function types.
|
| HybridSubject<T> |
A combination of the java and reactive observable and observer
classes and interfaces.
|
| Lambdas |
Utility class to create functions which have
their body as Javascript (or other script) language.
|
| LockedObserver<T> |
Class to wrap an observer's method calls via a lock to prevent
concurrent callback of its methods.
|
| Observables |
Utility class that helps in creating various observable instances.
|
| ObservableToIterableAdapter<T,U> |
Base class to help receive values from an observable sequence
through customizable iterator and observer.
|
| ObserverAdapter<T> |
A simple class that has empty implementations for all
observer methods.
|
| Observers |
Utility class that helps in creating various observer instances.
|
| ObserverToIteratorSink<T,U> |
Base class to help transition from reactive to interactive
world.
|
| OriginalObservableWrapper<T> |
Helper class that wraps a Java Observable and makes its
services availabel as java- and reactive- observable.
|
| OriginalObserverWrapper |
Wraps a java-observer and its associated helper observable.
|
| Producer<T> |
Base class to help implement various operators for observable sequences.
|
| Producer.State<U> |
The internal state of the observer registrations.
|
| R4JConfigManager |
The configuration manager for this library.
|
| ReactiveObservableWrapper<T> |
Wrapper for an existing reactive-observable and maps its
features to the java-observable.
|
| RefCountCloseable |
Represents a closeable resource that only allows closing
when all dependent closeable objects have been closed.
|
| RefCountCloseable.InnerCloseable |
The dependent closeable implementation.
|
| RefCountObservable<T> |
Observable which wraps an observable and manages a reference counting closeable.
|
| RunOnce |
Helper class which ensures that only a single action is invoked.
|
| SafeObserver<T> |
A simple wrapping observer which closes the specified
handle in case of error or finish message, or
an exception raised by the wrapped next.
|
| ScheduledCloseable |
A closeable instance which invokes the managed closeable's
close method on the given scheduler.
|
| Schedulers |
Utility class for schedulers, and manages
the global default scheduler.
|
| SequentialCloseable |
A closeable container which closes the previously managed
closeable if a new closeable is assigned to it.
|
| SingleCloseable |
Represents a closeable which allows only a single wrapped
closeable instance.
|
| SingleContainer<T> |
Helper class that stores a single element.
|
| SingleOption<T> |
Container that may contain a single value or an exception, but not both.
|
| Sink<T> |
Base class for implementing operators via lightweight sink that can be closed
to prevent events to flow to the wrapped observer.
|
| Subjects |
Utility class to wrap existing pairs of Observers and Observables under the Subject
interface.
|
| SynchronizedObserver<T> |
Class to wrap an observer's method calls via a synchronized to prevent
concurrent callback of its methods.
|
| TaggedCompositeCloseable |
A composite, modifyable holder of Closeable values with tag objects.
|
| Throwables |
Utility methods for handling exceptions and throwables.
|
| Unique<T> |
A single-element container that doesn't delegate
its equals and hashCode methods to the underlying value,
instead, it is equal only to itself and has a hashCode
as such.
|


--- layout: page status: publish published: true title: Workshops author: display_name: admin login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: admin author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 57 wordpress_url: http://rday.simpleit.us/?page_id=57 date: '2012-03-11 07:02:19 +0000' date_gmt: '2012-03-10 23:02:19 +0000' categories: [] tags: [] comments: [] ---
Employees are one of the most crucial elements contributing to the success of the business. Hence, recruitment process is a very important step in choosing the right persons for your companies. But it is not the end of the story, companies also need to manage your human resources effectively to earn the most values from this assets and create satisfaction for the employees at the same time. Are you confident in handling all of these procedures?
Here, Connecting Talents, Gathering Business is not only a day for you to seek for the best employees but also a chance for you to learn human resources management from our advisers.
There will be two different workshops as followed:
Workshop 1:
Content: How to attract the right talent for your company’s growth need? The essential of workforce with international experiences and global visions for Vietnamese firms to expose to the international playground
Time: 10h30h - 11h
Date: June 23, 2012
Venue: NUS Shaw Foundation House, Discussion Room
Workshop 2:
Content: Defining the next generation of talent: Who are they? How to effective manage talents, your most valuable assets? Communication to success.
Time: 14h - 16h
Date: June 23, 2012
Venue: NUS Shaw Foundation House, Discussion Room
To register for the workshops, please email us at hr@gatheringtalents.com.


My First Salvia Experience
February 14 2005
Crack EEE McGee
First Time Smoking Salvia: February 13 2005
Smoked 0.2 g of Salvia Divinorum of Extract 20x
I was first introduced to the wonderfully complicated and mystical plant, Salvia Divinorum yesterday, by a friend of a friend, who was willing to give me a chance at an undescribable experience.
My friend A. after just seeing a movie, invited me to come over to his friend Z.'s house to relax and to smoke a joint or two. I had met Z. before at my friend A.'s work, but I had never introduce myself formally. After proper introductions, and after easing into the environnment, also including Z.'s girlfriend N., and her sister, S., I was told that Z. would be willing to let me try some of the salvia he had purchased at the local head shop.
I was a bit apprehensive at first having not really had time to prep myself, I had just found out I might try it earlier in the day. But after overcoming fears, I decided I would go ahead and try it. Z. prepared about 0.2 g of crushed salvia, it was a dark color, almost black, I had never seen salvia before. I was told this was the lighter dose in comparison to what my friend A. had taken recently, about 0.5 g. It was prepared in a nice glass water bong in the shape of a dragon. I was told to sit down on the futon, due to common dis-orientation, and to make myself more comfortable.
I was told to inhale it all in one go, or two, and to hold it in as long as i could. I light the bowl and took a nice long hit, held it in, and instantly felt a nice buzz hit me, almost like being drunk, or on the start of a mushroom trip. Z. and A. told me to finish what was left in the bowl, so I took another long hit, the bowl was still lit, and I inhaled the rest of the smoke, holding it in with my previous hit. As exhaled not long after, and I was definetely having it hit me. I tried to place the bong on the table, but had trouble grasping the fact that the bottom of the bong was at a weird angle, or maybe it didnt. I eventually managed to place the bong down without knocking it over.
I can barely describe the feelings produced, and the reality that seemingly was all around me, consuming this reality. At first, after exhaling, I broke into a laughter I couldnt control, and I felt very ecstatic, and the laughter hurt to a point of feeling very pleasurable. I soon after felt a pressure all around me, as I lay back into the couch, but there was a central point of pressure somewhere below me, but I also feel that the pressure was coming from somewhere inside me, perhaps my legs. It's very hard to describe. It was uncomfortable, I remember it pulling at my belt and hurting my stomach, so I began to hold my belt. I soon adjusted to this pressure, which shifted into a cube like reality I could discern, its very hard to put in words, but try and stay with me.
What I can only describe as a cube liked pattern absorbed part of my reality, and shifted with what was in the room, though my ability to see everyone and everything in the room stayed the same. I can only describe this space as something emanating from within the salvia within me, but it also felt as though it were external, and on a separate plane of reality.
This cube pattern focused around me, and absorbed a certain part of the room. N., Z.'s girlfriend, was playing a video game at the time, and it was apart of this pattern. As she changed the colors and shapes, it would make the most astounding movements, and the colors were visually enticing. She was creating courses in a golf game, and at one point I felt within the game, as she scrolled the environnment, a certain part of me felt like I was running around within it.
I remember trying to stand up at one point, which was caused both visual and bodily confusion. I tried to speak, but my words were not coherent to me. The environnment behind A. and Z. changed to what I can only describe as the contours of my lips, I both felt this in my lips, the wall, and I saw it visually. I tried to describe this, but only babbled incoherently while touching my lips.
Sitting back down helped me regain some compusure, as the previous feeling left me dazed. The cube pattern was still remnant, though to a lesser extent,and the pressure exerted from it, and from me, and from around me, had eased. I began to relax, as the plateau of the trip was over. and I felt quite a weird buzz, a feeling of drunkeness, due to loss of coordination, and the type of buzz I usually get, right before mushrooms really hit me.
The pattern soon wore off, and Z. began to discuss certain possibilities, and things that are known to occur with salvia. I remember him saying something about reaching the highest level in astral projection, how sometimes entities are contacted, and how sometimes everything seems to diseappear. I felt at this point, almost like a presence, but a feeling like something encased the building we were in, I felt a weird type of wind, rushing in to the room, that seemed to feel like it encircled it. I only felt that this presence in itself was a different plane of existence or reality, that I was able to feel. I was a little fearful at this point, and I tried relaxing myself, just going with the flow. This helped, and soon the feeling went away. I woudn't say it was a bad feeling, nor necessarily good, but I didn't feel ready, this being my first time, for what was outside.
I'm not sure as to timeframe of the whole experience, as it very intense, and there is alot of sensory experience going on at once. After the first deep inhalation, I was hit with buzz, about 30 secs. I would say my comin up was about 1-2 minutes. My plateau very intense, very visual, and I had a very powerful bodily experience. It felt like it lasted about 15 mins. I felt pretty buzzed, and a little distorted for awhile, I'd say my coming down period might have been more than 25 mins. I felt pretty tired when I got home, and I went to bed pretty early, no bad symptoms other than tiredness. I felt fine this morning when I woke up, no after effects the following day. I'm writing this the day after.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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When activities admit using more resources than required, this means they can be started as soon as the required number of resources are available, but they can also be started with a larger number of resources, typically implying a faster performance.


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