Class Arc
An arc defined as a CCW rotation from the +X axis around a center between a start angle and an end angle.
Examples
var arc = new Arc(Vector3.Origin, 2.0, 0.0, 90.0);
Assert.True(new Vector3(2, 0, 0).IsAlmostEqualTo(arc.Start));
Assert.True(new Vector3(0, 2, 0).IsAlmostEqualTo(arc.End));
var arc1 = new Arc(Vector3.Origin, 2.0, 0.0, -90.0);
Assert.True(new Vector3(2, 0, 0).IsAlmostEqualTo(arc1.Start));
Assert.True(new Vector3(0, -2, 0).IsAlmostEqualTo(arc1.End));
// A transformed arc.
var arc2 = new Arc(new Transform(Vector3.Origin, Vector3.XAxis), 2.0, 0, Math.PI);
Inherited Members
Namespace: Elements.Geometry
Assembly: Hypar.Elements.dll
Syntax
public class Arc : TrimmedCurve<Circle>, ICurve, ITransformable<Curve>, IBoundedCurve, ITrimmedCurve<Circle>, IEquatable<Arc>
Constructors
Arc(Circle, Double, Double)
Create an arc.
Declaration
public Arc(Circle circle, double startParameter, double endParameter)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Circle | circle | The circle on which this arc is based. |
| System.Double | startParameter | The parameter, from 0.0->2PI, of the start of the arc. |
| System.Double | endParameter | The parameter, from 0.0->2PI, of the end of the arc. |
Arc(Transform, Double, Double, Double)
Create an arc. Constructs a circular basis curve internally with the provided transform.
Declaration
public Arc(Transform transform, double radius = 1, double startParameter = 0, double endParameter = 6.2831853071795862)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Transform | transform | The transform for the basis curve of the arc. |
| System.Double | radius | The radius of the arc. |
| System.Double | startParameter | The parameter, from 0.0->2PI, of the start of the arc. |
| System.Double | endParameter | The parameter, from 0.0->2PI, of the end of the arc. |
Arc(Vector3, Double, Double, Double)
Create an arc.
Declaration
[JsonConstructor]
public Arc(Vector3 center, double radius, double startAngle, double endAngle)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector3 | center | The center of the arc. |
| System.Double | radius | The radius of the arc. |
| System.Double | startAngle | The angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will start with respect to the positive X axis. |
| System.Double | endAngle | The angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will end with respect to the positive X axis. |
Remarks
If the end angle is smaller than the start angle, they will be flipped and the underlying circle reversed to preserve a positive parameter domain.
Arc(Double)
Create a circular arc.
Declaration
public Arc(double radius)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | radius |
Arc(Double, Double, Double)
Create an arc. Constructs a circular basis curve internally with a default transform.
Declaration
public Arc(double radius, double startAngle, double endAngle)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | radius | The radius of the arc. |
| System.Double | startAngle | The CCW angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will start with respect to the positive X axis. |
| System.Double | endAngle | The CCW angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will end with respect to the positive X axis. |
Properties
Center
The center of the arc.
Declaration
public Vector3 Center { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector3 |
Domain
The domain of the curve.
Declaration
[JsonIgnore]
public override Domain1d Domain { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Domain1d |
Overrides
End
The end point of the arc.
Declaration
[JsonIgnore]
public override Vector3 End { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector3 |
Overrides
EndAngle
The angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will end with respect to the positive X axis.
Declaration
[JsonProperty("EndAngle", Required = Required.Always)]
public double EndAngle { get; protected set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Radius
The radius of the arc.
Declaration
public double Radius { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Start
The start point of the arc.
Declaration
[JsonIgnore]
public override Vector3 Start { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector3 |
Overrides
StartAngle
The angle from 0.0, in degrees, at which the arc will start with respect to the positive X axis.
Declaration
[JsonProperty("StartAngle", Required = Required.Always)]
public double StartAngle { get; protected set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Methods
ArcLength(Double, Double)
Calculate the length of the arc between start and end parameters.
Declaration
public override double ArcLength(double start, double end)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | start | |
| System.Double | end |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Overrides
Bounds()
Get a bounding box for this arc.
Declaration
public override BBox3 Bounds()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| BBox3 | A bounding box for this arc. |
Overrides
ByThreePoints(Vector3, Vector3, Vector3)
Create an arc by three points.
Declaration
public static Arc ByThreePoints(Vector3 a, Vector3 b, Vector3 c)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector3 | a | The first point. |
| Vector3 | b | The second point. |
| Vector3 | c | The third point. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arc | An arc through the three points. |
Complement()
Return the arc which is the complement of this arc.
Declaration
public Arc Complement()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arc |
Equals(Arc)
Is this arc equal to the provided arc?
Declaration
public bool Equals(Arc other)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Arc | other | The arc to test. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | Returns true if the two arcs are equal, otherwise false. |
Fillet(Line, Line, Double)
Create a fillet arc between two lines.
Declaration
public static Arc Fillet(Line a, Line b, double radius)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Line | a | The first line. |
| Line | b | The second line. |
| System.Double | radius | The radiuse of the fillet arc. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arc | A fillet arc between the two lines. |
GetSubdivisionParameters(Double, Double)
Get parameters to be used to find points along the curve for visualization.
Declaration
public override double[] GetSubdivisionParameters(double startSetbackDistance = 0, double endSetbackDistance = 0)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | startSetbackDistance | An optional setback from the start of the curve. |
| System.Double | endSetbackDistance | An optional setback from the end of the curve. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double[] | A collection of parameter values. |
Overrides
Length()
Calculate the length of the arc.
Declaration
public override double Length()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Overrides
Mid()
The point at the middle of the curve's parameter space.
Declaration
public override Vector3 Mid()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector3 |
Overrides
ParameterAtDistanceFromParameter(Double, Double)
Get the parameter at a distance from the start parameter along the curve.
Declaration
public override double ParameterAtDistanceFromParameter(double distance, double start)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | distance | The distance from the start parameter. |
| System.Double | start | The parameter from which to measure the distance. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Double |
Overrides
Plane()
Compute the plane of the arc.
Declaration
public Plane Plane()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Plane | The plane in which the arc lies. |
PointAt(Double)
Get the point at parameter u.
Declaration
public override Vector3 PointAt(double u)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | u |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vector3 | The point at parameter u if us is within the trim, otherwise an exception is thrown. |
Overrides
Reversed()
Get an arc which is the reverse of this Arc.
Declaration
public Arc Reversed()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arc |
ToPolyline(Int32)
Create a polyline through a set of points along the curve.
Declaration
public override Polyline ToPolyline(int divisions = 10)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | divisions | The number of divisions of the curve. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Polyline | A polyline. |
Overrides
TransformAt(Double)
Get the transform at parameter u.
Declaration
public override Transform TransformAt(double u)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Double | u |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Transform | The transform at parameter u if us is within the trim, otherwise an exception is thrown. |
Overrides
Transformed(Transform)
Create a transformed copy of this curve. Use of non-affine transforms (i.e. scale) will result in unpredictable results for curve methods such as Length().
Declaration
public override Curve Transformed(Transform transform)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Transform | transform | The transform to apply. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Curve |
Overrides
TransformedArc(Transform)
Construct a transformed copy of this Arc.
Declaration
public Arc TransformedArc(Transform transform)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Transform | transform | The transform to apply. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Arc |


Specs
| Range | 1000km |
| Top speed | 30km/h |
| Drive | All-wheel drive |
| Effect | 300 kW / 408 hk |
| Dimensions | 400 x 300 x 800 |
| Storage | 60L |
Oldsmobile is very much alive and well, as one of the world’s most innovative companies.
Oldsmobile is very much alive and well, as one of the world’s most innovative companies.
As an all-electric terraincar, Blackstar maximizes the potential of flex engineering—with record-setting performance and efficiency.
| Range | 1000km |
| Top speed | 30km/h |
| Drive | All-wheel drive |
| Effect | 300 kW / 408 hk |
| Dimensions | 400 x 300 x 800 |
| Storage | 60L |
Get our product folder here
Get our product folder here
Stay hydrated
Keep yourself updated
Continue the journey


The AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X and 3970X Review: 24 and 32 Cores on 7nm
by Dr. Ian Cutress, Gavin Bonshor, Andrei FrumusanuThe AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X and 3970X Review
- The AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X and 3970X Review
- Power Consumption: 6-13W Per Core
- Zen2 Platform for HEDT - Improvements over Last-Gen
- Test Bed and Setup
- CPU Performance: Rendering Tests
- CPU Performance: System Tests
- CPU Performance: Encoding Tests
- CPU Performance: Web and Legacy Tests
- Gaming: World of Tanks enCore
- Gaming: Final Fantasy XV
- Gaming: Shadow of War
- Gaming: Strange Brigade (DX12, Vulkan)
- Gaming: Grand Theft Auto V
- Gaming: F1 2018
- History is Written By The Victors
One of the constant themes of 2019 has been to ask AMD employees about the future of its Threadripper line of products. Since the start of the year we’ve seen AMD advertise for a new head of workstation products, we’ve seen AMD accidentally use an old roadmap slide which didn’t have Threadripper listed (leading to speculation it was canceled), and during August I was promised that we would hear more this year. Today that time has come, with AMD launching its 3rd Generation Threadripper platform for the high-end desktop market. With two processors and 12+ motherboards available, AMD is going above and beyond the previous definition of high-end desktop.
Threadripper: Redefining HEDT Yet Again
AMD’s march on the high-end desktop market since the launch of the first generation of Ryzen has been somewhat brutal. In a market where we were barely moving up by an average of less than 2 cores a generation, in the last three years AMD has slapped 8-cores in the mainstream and 16 for HEDT, swiftly followed up by 32 in HEDT then moving mainstream up to 16, all while the competition rushed to get something up to 18 cores available. The first generations of products, on the Zen and Zen+ microarchitecture, were about AMD being aggressive in pricing and core counts in order to provide high parallel throughput machines. With the launch of Zen 2 for the Threadripper series today, AMD is now going after raw throughput, and combining that with almost double the number of cores that Intel can offer.
When Threadripper as a brand came to market, AMD promoted it as a product that could tackle any high-parallel throughput tasks. Thread + Ripper was a clever play on words: anything that had plenty of threads, the hardware was designed to ‘rip’ through the workload. The only downsides to this hardware was the lack of true AVX2 support (a key addition for some of these workloads), that the per-MHz performance was still a little behind, and that the way the hardware was arranged led to memory access variances that didn’t work great in all scenarios. With the third generation Threadripper being launched today, all of those issues go away: we get AVX2, we get better per-MHz performance, and a more unified memory solution. That’s on top of PCIe 4.0 support, more PCIe lanes, and faster DRAM. On paper alone, one has to ask what the flaws are.
Today’s launch covers two products: the 24-core TR 3960X and the 32-core TR 3970X. Both of these processors are built from four Zen 2 chiplets paired with a single I/O die, with each chiplet having 6 cores or 8 cores respectively. Both CPUs support 64 PCIe 4.0 lanes, four DDR4-3200 memory channels, and are built on a new sTRX4 socket with a new all-AMD TRX40 chipset.
AMD has also lifted the lid on an upcoming 64-core variant, called the TR 3990X. We’re covering that news in a separate post, but in a nutshell AMD is bringing its high-frequency variant of the 280 W EPYC 7H12 to the mass market in 2020, with potential room for a 48-core version as well. Just don’t ask how much that one will cost: the ‘slow’ 225W version of the 7H12 has an MSRP of $6950, so the Threadripper version is going to be at least 2x the 32-core $1999 price.
| AMD HEDT SKUs | |||||||
| AnandTech | Cores/ Threads |
Base/ Turbo |
L3 | DRAM 1DPC |
PCIe | TDP | SRP |
| Third Generation Threadripper | |||||||
| TR 3970X | 32 / 64 | 3.7 / 4.5 | 128 MB | 4x3200 | 64 | 280 W | $1999 |
| TR 3960X | 24 / 48 | 3.8 / 4.5 | 128 MB | 4x3200 | 64 | 280 W | $1399 |
| Second Generation Threadripper | |||||||
| TR 2990WX | 32 / 64 | 3.0 / 4.2 | 64 MB | 4x2933 | 64 | 250 W | $1799 |
| TR 2970WX | 24 / 48 | 3.0 / 4.2 | 64 MB | 4x2933 | 64 | 250 W | $1299 |
| TR 2950X | 16 / 32 | 3.5 / 4.4 | 32 MB | 4x2933 | 64 | 180 W | $899 |
| TR 2920X | 12 / 24 | 3.5 / 4.3 | 32 MB | 4x2933 | 64 | 180 W | $649 |
| Ryzen 3000 | |||||||
| Ryzen 9 3950X | 16 / 32 | 3.5 / 4.7 | 32 MB | 2x3200 | 24 | 105 W | $749 |
Both of our new TR CPUs have a 280W TDP, which means they will require substantial cooling regardless of the system they are in. This is a step higher than the peak 250W TDP we saw with previous generation Threadripper processors, as we are probably approaching a realistic limit as to how high consumer processor power numbers should go without sticking them into a server. This means that the new TRX40 motherboards are built to be hard and tough, and also support overclocking.
AMD is pricing these two processors at $1399 and $1999, which also means that AMD’s high-end desktop processors start at a price (and a core count) above where Intel’s HEDT market finishes. Intel’s best chip in this market is the Core i9-10980XE, which has 18 cores and an OEM price of $979, which is a way below the TR 3960X with 24 cores and a retail price of $1399. For the first time in living memory, AMD and Intel are launching their CPUs on the same day, and you can catch our separate Core i9-10980XE review at AnandTech today.
New Socket: sTRX4
One of the key messaging when AMD launched its first Ryzen processors was set to be the longevity of its consumer platforms. Technically the mainstream Ryzen AM4 socket has now gone through four generations of products, and if it weren’t for some poor BIOS choices in the early days, every AM4 motherboard should have been able to support the oldest to the newest AM4 processor. But it does mean a single socket has scaled from a peak of 4 cores when it was first launched all the way to 16 cores.
With Threadripper, it has been a little different. The transition from PCIe 3.0 to PCIe 4.0 has been a tough one to manage, especially when trying to keep parity with sockets and chipset compatibility. The main issue has been PCIe 4.0 validation: supporting PCIe 4.0 with the traces on a motherboard is difficult to the point that the board has to be built with PCIe 4.0 in mind in order to adequately qualify. On top of that, AMD has seen an opportunity to usurp the competition, and has changed the CPU-to-chipset bandwidth link from PCIe 3.0 x4 to PCIe 4.0 x8, quadrupling the total amount of CPU-to-chipset bandwidth available. This is ultimately what breaks compatibility between the previous Threadripper motherboards and the new Threadripper motherboards.
In order to cater for Zen 2, there are also some pin-out changes, however AMD stated that they kept the physical socket the same. What was surprising is that AMD stated that they kept the keying, the little notches that make it easier to see if a CPU is/isn’t supported, the same as well. This means that you can physically fit a new TR CPU in an old motherboard and vice versa. When asked what would happen if you did, AMD said that the system will just refuse to boot. I won’t be the first one to try that, in case the magic smoke appears.
From our pre-briefings, we’ve identified 12 new sTRX4 motherboards bearing the TRX40 name for new TR3 users to get hold of. These are all pretty expensive, in order to both support the CPUs and have the latest technology, and we will have our overview report on these out later this week. Stay tuned for that.
Competition for 3rd Generation Threadripper
In each of these reviews, we try and take a look at what CPUs our new hardware is going to compete against. In this instance, AMD has zero competition from Intel without going into Intel’s enterprise range of hardware. When AMD starts at 24-cores and $1399, while Intel finishes at 18-cores and $979, there is no overlap here – the price difference is substantial enough for each side of the equation not to be involved with each other. If we started looking into the Xeon range from Intel, we’re adding in RDIMM support which TR3 doesn’t have, and the added cost of RAS features and vPro etc.
| Intel vs AMD HEDT |
|||
| Core i9-10980XE |
AnandTech | TR 3960X |
TR 3970X |
| 18 / 36 | Cores / Threads | 24 / 48 | 32 / 64 |
| 3.0 GHz | Base Frequency | 3.8 GHz | 3.5 GHz |
| 4.6 / 4.8 GHz | Turbo Frequency | 4.5 GHz | 4.7 GHz |
| 18 MB | L2 Cache | 12 MB | 16 MB |
| 24.75 MB | L3 Cache | 128 MB | 128 MB |
| 256 GB | DRAM Capacity | 512 GB | 512 GB |
| DDR4-2933 | DRAM Frequency | DDR4-3200 | DDR4-3200 |
| 48 | PCIe Lanes | 64 | 64 |
| 165 W | TDP | 280 W | 280 W |
| $979 (1ku) | Price | $1399 | $1999 |
Technically I’m going to pull one CPU out here, the Xeon W-3175X. This is a 28-core unlocked processor that Intel launched last year to much fanfare, but with four less cores than the 3970X and another +50% in cost, well, the benchmarks speak for themselves.
| CPU Pricing | ||||
| AMD (MSRP Pricing) |
Cores | AnandTech | Cores | Intel* (OEM Pricing) |
| $2000+ | 28/56 | Xeon W-3175X ($2999) | ||
| TR 3970X ($1999) | 32/64 | $1750-$1999 | ||
| $1500-$1749 | ||||
| TR 3960X ($1399) | 24/48 | $1250-$1499 | ||
| $1000-$1249 | ||||
| $900-$999 | 18/36 | Core i9-10980XE ($979) | ||
| $800-$899 | ||||
| Ryzen 9 3950X ($749) | 16/32 | $700-$799 | 14/28 | Core i9-10940X ($784) |
| $600-$699 | 12/24 | Core i9-10920X ($689) | ||
| $550-$599 | 10/20 | Core i9-10900X ($590) | ||
| $500-$549 | 8/16 | Core i9-9900KS ($513) | ||
| Ryzen 9 3900X ($499) | 12/24 | $450-$499 | 8/16 | Core i9-9900K/F ($488) |
| $400-$449 | ||||
| Ryzen 7 3800X ($399) | 8/16 | $350-$399 | 8/8 | Core i7-9700K/F ($374) |
| Ryzen 7 3700X ($329) | 8/16 | $300-$349 | ||
| $250-$299 | 6/6 | Core i5-9600K ($262) | ||
| Ryzen 5 3600X ($249) | 6/12 | $200-$249 | ||
| Ryzen 5 3600 ($199) | 6/12 | Below $200 | 4/4 | Core i3-9350K ($173) |
| *Intel quotes OEM/tray pricing. Retail pricing will sometimes be $20-$50 higher. |
Ultimately AMD’s competition for the new Threadripper processors are the old Threadripper processors: the 32-core 3970X can compete against the 32-core 2990WX. But this isn’t so much of a competition as an evolution: the 3970X has a newer Zen 2 core for more IPC, a higher frequency, a unified memory system, and supports PCIe 4.0. On paper, you’d say that previous Threadripper processors pale in comparison. There’s going to be a lot of that in our following benchmarks.
Power Consumption: 6-13W Per Core
The AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X and 3970X Review
- The AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X and 3970X Review
- Power Consumption: 6-13W Per Core
- Zen2 Platform for HEDT - Improvements over Last-Gen
- Test Bed and Setup
- CPU Performance: Rendering Tests
- CPU Performance: System Tests
- CPU Performance: Encoding Tests
- CPU Performance: Web and Legacy Tests
- Gaming: World of Tanks enCore
- Gaming: Final Fantasy XV
- Gaming: Shadow of War
- Gaming: Strange Brigade (DX12, Vulkan)
- Gaming: Grand Theft Auto V
- Gaming: F1 2018
- History is Written By The Victors


Windows:
Go to Windows
Cascade/Tile Vertical/Tile Horizontal/Close All/Arrange Icons.
To arrange the various windows within the application.


What did you learn from your 'mindfulness conversation'? How did the other person find it?
I noticed more.
The other person doesn't like it, who don't want to be pushed to have mindfulness conversation.
Which of the three suggested techniques will you use to sustain your practice?
- Take one breath a day.
- Do as much as I can, as I don't find mindfulness boring. The technique is Do less than you can.
- Have a buddy


Watch: P!nk plays sip, savour, spit
by Algoa FMWe know her as P!nk, the singer who plays on our sad and happy emotions with her poignant lyrics or light hearted comical take on serious matters.
When she isn't performing acrobatic stunts while singing your favourite song on stage, she is Alicia Moore, a mother, a wife, and the owner of a vineyard and the wine Two Wolves.
Earlier this month, Pink was interviewed by Executive Wine Editor, Ray Isles and her about how she made the lead from being a singer to buying a vineyard and making wine.
As added entertainment, P!nk is asked to play sip, savour , spit with three mystery whiskeys and she reveals a secret talent for identifying the exact year and brand of one of it.
Watch the video here:


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Akinyele’s death, a monumental loss – Lai Mohammed
by The Eagle OnlineThe Minister of Information and Culture, Alhaji Lai Mohammed, has described the death of Chief Alex Akinyele as “a monumental loss to his family, the people of Ondo State and Nigerians in general”.
In a statement issued in Abuja on Friday, Mohammed expressed deep shock and sadness over the death of the former Minister of Information.
The statement was signed by Segun Adeyemi, Special Assistant to the President (Media) Office of the Minister of Information and Culture.
The minister, in the statement, described Akinyele, to whom he was well acquainted in his lifetime especially in the realms of public relations, as ‘an astute administrator and a highly-respected public relations practitioner’.
He said Akinyele’s tenure as Minister of Information, and later as the Chairman of the National Sports Commission, was characterised by his uncommon passion for Nigeria.
Mohammed said the family of the deceased, as well as his friends and associates, should be comforted by his legacy of service to humanity.
He prayed to God for the repose of Akinyele’s soul as well as for strength and comfort for his family.
Akinyele reportedly died on Thursday after a brief illness according to a statement by one of his sons, Akinfolarin Akinyele,
The late Ondo Chief was a former president of the Nigerian Institute of Public Relations and former chairman of the Nigerian Sports Commission.
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A Mole Is A Unit
By Crowley, Devin and Feng, Edward
A mole is \( 6.02 \times 10^{23} \) "things." Similar to a dozen, a mole represents the amount of items in a group.
AMU, or the atomic mass unit, is a made up measure of how an atom is weighed. Because protons and neutrons are so simillar in their weights, one AMU is equivilant to one proton or one neutron. Electrons are ignored in this estimate because of how tiny their size is.
Because this was a made up measurement for sake of relative weights, scientists wanted a way to relate this unit to actual scientific calculations. A scientist named Avogadro set out to tackle this problem.
The Carbon-12 atom has an atomic mass of 12 AMUs (6 protons and 6 neutrons). Avogadro set out to calculate how many Carbon-12 atoms were in 12 grams of Carbon-12. He found that in 12 grams of Carbon-12, there are \( 6.02 \times 10^{23} \) Carbon-12 atoms. This number has come to be known as a mole. In other words:
\[ 12 \text{ grams of Carbon-12 atoms} = 6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ Carbon-12 atoms} = 1 \text{ mole of Carbon-12 atoms} \]If we had a mole of t-shirts, we'd have quite a lot of shirts. But what exactly is the scale of \( 6.02 \times 10^{23} \) t-shirts?
First, lets see how big a shirt really is.
We piled 32 t-shirts on top of each other to get the thickness of a t-shirt. Using a ruler, the pile was 4 cm tall.
Some quick conversions give us our results:
\[ \frac{4 \text{ cm}}{32 \text{ t-shirts}} = \frac{1}{8} \text{ cm per t-shirt.} \]Let's pose two questions to find how big a mole of shirts really is.
Let's tackle that first one. There is one piece of information we need: how many people there are on Earth. According to the U.S. Census, there are roughly 7.625 billion people on the planet. That's 76.25 billion shirts! That in itself is a lot of shirts, but how much of our job have we completed:
\[ \frac{76.25 \text{ t-shirts}}{6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ t-shirts in total}} = .000000000013 \text{\% done} \]The question is no longer about if we can complete the job, but how many times over the job can be completed; in other words, to how many Earths full of people can we give give shirts? Let's do some more dimensional analysis:
\[ 1 \text{ mol shirts} \times \frac{6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ shirts}}{1 \text{ mol shirts}} \times \frac{1 \text{ person}}{10 \text{ shirts}} \times \frac{1 \text{ Earth}}{7.625 \times 10^{9} \text{people}} \approx 7.90 \times 10^{12} \text{ Earths} \]That's almost 8 trillion Earths! To put that into a better perspective, about 1.3 million Earths could fit into the Sun. That's about 6.1 million suns! That's a lot of suns, which means a mole must be pretty big.
Now, let's take a look at that second question again: if every person on each of those Earths were to stack their shirts one on top of another, how tall would a wardrobe to store these shirts have to be?
If we remember our measurements from earlier, we said that 1 cm is the height of 8 shirts. Let's do some math again:
\[ 1 \text{ mol shirts} \times \frac{6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ shirts}}{1 \text{ mol shirts}} \times \frac{1 \text{ cm}}{8 \text{ shirts}} \times \frac{1 \text{ km}}{1 \times 10^{5} \text{cm}} \approx 7.53 \times 10^{17} \text{ kilometers} \]That's really tall. Putting this into a better perspective, let's think about this relative to Pluto, the farthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, at a distance of \( 5.91 \times 10^{9} \) km. How many one way trips from the Sun to Pluto would need to be taken to cover the same distance that a mole of stacked shirts covers?
\[ \frac{7.53 \times 10^{17} \text{ km shirts}}{5.91 \times 10^{9} \text{ km to Pluto}} \approx 127 \times 10^{8} \text{ one way trips} \]It would take more than 100 million trips from the Sun to Pluto to cover the same distance that the height of the wardrobe would cover, so I wouldn't bank on picking one of these up at IKEA.
The shirts we measured are 100% cotton (fancy, I know). Cotton, however, is not 100% anything but is primarily made up of cellulose. Let's figure out how much a mole of cellulose is .
First, we'll find the molar mass of cellulose. The chemical formula for Cellulose is \(\text{C}_6\text{H}_{10}\text{O}_5\). We need to use the molar masses of each of those elements to get that of cellulose. Here we go:
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Carbon: } & 12.01 \text{ g/mol} \times 6 = 72.06 \text{ g/mol} \\ \text{Hydrogen: } & 1.01 \text{ g/mol} \times 10 = 10.10 \text{ g/mol} \\ \text{Oxygen: } & 16.00 \text{ g/mol} \times 5 = 80.00 \text{ g/mol} \\ \end{aligned} \] \[ \text{Cellulose: } 72.06 + 10.01 + 80.00 = 162.16 \text{ g/mol} \]Now that we have the molar mass of cellulose, let's find the mass of our shirts. When we are finished with our calculations, we should be able to tell how much of a shirt can be made with a mol of cellulose.
We used the scale in our chemistry lab to weigh three of our shirts.
We can use those weights to find an average shirt weight:
\[ \frac{170.36 \text{g} + 169.68 \text{g} + 156.96 \text{g}}{3} \approx 165.67 \text{g} \]Now that we have our measurements, we can find out how much of shirt can be made with a mole of cellulose. Using our calculation for the molar mass (the grams per mole measurement) of cellulose and the average weight (in grams) of the t-shirts, we get the following:
\[ 1 \text{ mol cellulose} \times \frac{162.12 \text{ g cellulose}}{1 \text{ mol cellulose}} \times \frac{1 \text{ shirt}}{165.57 \text{g}} = 0.97881 \text{ shirts} \]Almost 98% of a shirt is made up of a mole of cellulose. Though it's important to remember that we are generalizing a cotton t-shirt as being made of entirely cellulose, it is crazy to think that a medium-sized cotton t-shirt is made up of about a mole of cellulose!
By now, we hope you can appreciate and start to understand just how big a mole is! It is an extremely practical number in chemistry used to help relate a super small (microscopic) thing to a something we can see and comprehend, like a gram.
In case you haven't figured out that a mole is
We hope you've enjoyed learning about the monstrous entity that is a mole and wish you the best of luck in your chemistry endeavors! Oh, and don't forget-
A Mole is a Unit!
Best Wishes,
Devin and Edward
You can use \(6.02e23\) to enter scientific notation in the calculator.
Let's take a look at another example. NPR says that there is somewhere around \(7.5 \times 10^{18}\) grains of sand on Earth.
That's a lot!
When you go to the beach, it already feels like there's sand everywhere. That doesn't even take into account all the other beaches and deserts and rivers around the world.
Say there's 0 shirts. (This is based on the calculator above)
If each shirt was a grain of sand, you would have roughly 0 Earths of sand.
Here's a visualization, to make things clearer:


Information
I challenged myself in recreating a complex frontend experience using HTML, CSS and Javascript.
Launch project


Common Options
Motor distance (mm):
Pulls Radius (mm):
Steps per Rotation:
Step Delay (ms):
Pen Down Angle (deg):
Pen UP Angle (deg):
Pen Delay (ms):
Debug Display (is the RPI plug to a screen):
OF Addon Mode
Osc Port:
Queue


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Test Post
12 Mar 2015Big Heading
Some content here Some content here Some content here Some content here Some content here
Some content here Some content here
Some content hereSome content here
// Example can be run directly in your JavaScript console
// Create a function that takes two arguments and returns the sum of those arguments
import pandas as pd
pd.read_csv('Test.csv', nrows = 10)_


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Windows 7 can maintain the processor speed without sacrificing reliability.
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---
layout: homepage
title: Julia Downloads (Old releases)
---
{% include mainmenu.html %}
Old releases are available should you need to use them to run Julia code written for those releases. Note that these are not actively developed nor maintained anymore.
| Windows Self-Extracting Archive (.exe) [help] | 32-bit | 64-bit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 7/Windows Server 2012 users also require TLS "Easy Fix" update, and Windows Management Framework 3.0 or later | ||||||
| macOS Package (.dmg) [help] | 10.8+ 64-bit | |||||
| Generic Linux Binaries for x86 [help] | 32-bit (GPG) | 64-bit (GPG) | ||||
| Source | Tarball (GPG) | Tarball with dependencies (GPG) | GitHub |
| Windows Self-Extracting Archive (.exe) | 32-bit | 64-bit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| macOS Package (.dmg) | 10.8+ 64-bit | |||||
| Generic Linux binaries | 32-bit (X86) (GPG) | 64-bit (X86) (GPG) | ||||
| Linux builds for other architectures | ARMv7 32-bit hard float (GPG) | PowerPC 64 little endian (GPG) | ||||
| Source | Tarball (GPG) | Tarball with dependencies (GPG) | GitHub |
| Windows Self-Extracting Archive (.exe) | 32-bit | 64-bit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| macOS Package (.dmg) | 10.7+ 64-bit | |||||
| Generic Linux binaries | 32-bit (GPG) | 64-bit (GPG) | ||||
| Fedora/RHEL/CentOS/SL packages (.rpm) | 32/64-bit | |||||
| Source | Tarball (GPG) | Tarball with dependencies (GPG) |
GitHub |
| Windows Self-Extracting Archive (.exe) | 32-bit | 64-bit |
|---|---|---|
| macOS Package (.dmg) | 10.7+ 64-bit | |
| Ubuntu packages (.deb) | 32/64-bit | |
| Fedora/RHEL/CentOS/SL packages (.rpm) | 32/64-bit | |
| Generic Linux binaries | 32-bit (GPG) | 64-bit (GPG) |
| Source | Tarball (GPG) | GitHub |
| Windows (7+) | 32-bit | 64-bit |
|---|---|---|
| macOS (10.8+) | 64-bit | |
| Linux | 32-bit | 64-bit |
| Windows Self-Extracting Archive (.exe) | 32-bit | 64-bit |
|---|---|---|
| macOS Package (.dmg) | 10.7+ 64-bit | |
| Ubuntu packages (.deb) | 32/64-bit | |
| Source | GitHub |
| Windows Archive (.zip) | 32-bit | 64-bit (Unavailable) |
|---|---|---|
| macOS Package (.dmg) | 32-bit (Unavailable) | 64-bit |
| Source | GitHub | Tarball |


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/179818-Lean-Together-2019/topic/Dinner.20on.20Sunday.html ---
So, who would like to meet up for dinner? Jeremy suggested https://deveranda.nl/ in the other topic. Since everybody seems to be heading to de Hortus afterwards, how about something more in the center? Yesterday we saw a nice Indonesian place: http://www.restaurantdesa.com/
sounds good to me
I'm gonna skip dinner, but I'll see you all at de Hortus, or tomorrow morning!
Ok, so how about 19:30 at Dèsa? It takes about 30 minutes from Amsterdam Forest Hotel to Dèsa and 20 minutes from Dèsa to de Hortus.
Chris and I have arrived at Schiphol
where should we go?
You've probably missed dinner with Gabriel and Mario. We're meeting at https://www.dehortus.nl/ in 30 min to walk around the light show. But they close at 10, won't be a lot of time if you go to the hotel first.
I just got some fries from Frietfabrik, close to the Forest Hotel. Definitely recommendable, if you want something to take away...
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Este reporte financiero fue generado automaticamente por la libreria de analisis estadistico ICapital.py. A continuacion It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Desarrollador: Juan Esteban Cepeda.
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/juan-e-cepeda-gestion/
Correo<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.000000 | 0.003249 | 0.000220 |
| 2 | 0.003249 | 1.000000 | 0.005918 |
| 3 | 0.000220 | 0.005918 | 1.000000 |
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Positive Outcomes (%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Negatives Outcomes (%) | 1000 (100.0%) |
| Montecarlo Simulated Days | 626 |
| Montecarlo Initial Balance | 4570.09 |
| Montecarlo Mean Final Balance | 1679.95 |
| Montecarlo Mean Net Profit | -2890.14 |
| Montecarlo Profiability | -63.24% |
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
| Statistic | Value |
|---|---|
| Optimal Sharpe Ratio | 3.43 |
| Current Investment Fund Value | 4570.09 |
| Expert | Optimal Allocation |
|---|---|
| Expert_4321 | 4510.67883 (98.7%) |
| Expert_4376 | 59.41117 (1.3%) |
| Expert_5874 | 0.0 (0.0%) |
| Expert | Investment in dlls | Risk per Trade (2%) | Lot Size per Trade |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expert_4321 | 4510.67883 | 90.2135766 | 0.451067883 |
| Expert_4376 | 59.41117 | 1.1882234 | 0.003960744666666667 |
| Expert_5874 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |


Hi!
Im an MSCS student at the University of the Philippines. I am looking
for a thesis topic to work on. I am hopeful that this JOS project
can provide me a problem that can address my primary concern. I looking
at the prospect of working on a filesystem, such as, those of reiserfs, JFS and the likes, which can be plugged into JOS.
Please tell me if there's still room for me to join your team.
Best regards,
Ed
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First, understanding what each one is and how they're different is probably what I should cover. Arrays can be looked at as a list that contains a collection of data/information in some kind of order. Hashes can be looked at as a collection of pairs of data/information and each pair is used as a name(key) and it's value.
Now you might question when/why you would need to use one over the other, I'm going to help explain that. A lot of times accessing array elements is efficient, but hashes provide a much needed flexibility with custom keys. Arrays are ordered, integer-indexed collections of any object, which starts at 0 (You would access the first value of "array_name" with "array_name[0]"). Hashes on the other hand, can be defined with keys (name) and a value that can be accessed with their custom keys (i.e. "hash_name[key_name]" would return the value of "key_name"). View below for examples of both arrays and hashes.Array Example:
Array = ["Albert", 27]
Hash Example:
Hash = { "Name" => "Albert", "Age" => 27 }


Teachme
I co-founded this startup. A web app for matching experts with learners in different fields of knowledge. It's a combination of a marketplace, with a booking system, and a virtual classroom with WebRTC video chat and a digital chalkboard.
Featured Work
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This a brasilian fintech startup that requested a dashboard to handle their investment portfolio. This included: customers management, investment strategies, assests real-time pricing through websockets, and a quotation system using an interactive graph so the agent could define the strategy based on price and investment actions through time.
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Jamie Vermiglio says Chorley CAN survive in National League
by Craig SalmonChorley have not reached the stage where miracles are needed to get out of the predicament they currently find themselves in.
That is the view of manager Jamie Vermiglio, who believes his men can still haul themselves out of the relegation zone in the National League.
The Magpies currently prop up the table having won just once in the league all season, and are currently eight points away from safety.
To the outsider looking in, Chorley appear to be staring down the barrel of the drop – even at this early stage.
However, Vermiglio believes things can change at the bottom in a matter of a few games.
“When you’re near the top of the league and you drop a game or two, you can drop down a few positions,” he said.
“But when you are down at the bottom, the teams around you are not picking up points either.
“So when you do manage to accumulate some points, quite quickly you can move.
“There is a real difference in terms of the value of points, certainly in the bottom six or seven.
“There is some scope there. I know we are languishing near the bottom – it is tough, it is tough for the supporters – but there is still hope.”
This weekend’s opponents Chesterfield are a case in point. The Spireities were struggling near the foot of the table but have pulled themselves up to 18th in table after winning four and drawing two of their last seven games.
“They didn’t start the season particularly well,” he said.
“But they have started to pick up recently. I think they have got five wins now and that just goes to show.
“They were near the bottom – I know we are talking about Chesterfield, who are a very well established club – but they were near the bottom.
“They are doing all right now – they are looking quite comfortable.
“They have got themselves a little buffer and I still believe that we can do the same.
“We keep saying to the lads that we have got to play all these teams again.
“All those teams that we came close to and we came off the pitch thinking we should have got something out of it, we can play them again and things can turn around quickly.”
Despite Chesterfield’s current lowly position, they are arguably the biggest club in English football’s non-league pyramid.
It was not too long ago that they were battling for promotion to the Championship.
“We are looking forward to the game this weekend – going to a big club like Chesterfield,” he said. “It’s a lovely stadium to go to – a nice playing surface. They play decent football.
“They have a few players who we are familiar with so hopefully it should be a good game.”


Make: a facial-recognition confounding "Opt Out Cap"
by Cory DoctorowMac Pierce created a simple wearable to challenge facial recognition: do a little munging to an image of a face, print it on heat transfer paper, iron it onto see-through mosquito netting, slice, and affix to a billed cap -- deploy it in the presence of facial recognition cameras and you'll be someone else. It's the kind of "adversarial example" countermeasure that fools computers pretty reliably but wouldn't work on a human. (via JWZ)


Let's examine a few of the ways you can use existing C++ Standard Library containers to create your own containers. For example, say you want to implement a set container that enforces unique values that are not inherently sorted. You also want a group of algorithms to operate on that set. The container is certainly a sequence but not an associative container, since an associative container is sorted by definition. The algorithms will presumably work on other sequences, assuming those sequences provide appropriate iterator types, since the iterator required by a set of algorithms determines the range of containers those algorithms can be applied to. The algorithms will be universally available if they require only forward iterators. On the other hand, they'll be most restrictive if they require random access iterators.
Simple implementations of this set container could make use of existing C++ Standard Library containers for much of their mechanics. Three possible ways of achieving this code reuse are:
inheritance
generic inheritance
generic composition.
Let's take a look at each of these approaches in the next sections.
As you recall, inheritance is the powerful feature of object-oriented programming that allows objects to derive attributes and behavior from other objects. To create your own container, you could derive from an existing Standard C++ container, then override certain functions to get the desired behavior. One approach would be to derive from the vector container, as shown here:
#include <vector> // note the use of a namespace to avoid conflicts with standard // or global names namespace my_namespace { template <class T, class Allocator = std::allocator> class set : public std::vector<T,Allocator> { public: // override functions such as insert iterator insert(iterator position, const T& x) { if (find(begin(),end(),x) == end()) return std::vector<T,Allocator>::insert(position,x); else return end(); // This value already present! } ... }; } // End of my_namespace
A second approach to creating your own container is to create a generic adaptor, rather than specifying vector. You do this by providing the underlying container through a template parameter:
namespace my_namespace { template <class T, class Container = std::vector<T> > class set : public Container { public: // Provide typedefs (iterator only for illustration) typedef typename Container::iterator iterator; // override functions such as insert iterator insert(iterator position, const T& x) { if (find(begin(),end(),x) == end()) return Container::insert(position,x); else return end(); // This value already present! } ... }; } // End of my_namespace
If you use generic inheritance through an adaptor, the adaptor and users of the adaptor cannot expect more than default capabilities and behavior from any container used to instantiate it. If the adaptor or its users expect functionality beyond what is required of a basic container, the documentation must specify precisely what is expected.
The third approach to building your own container uses composition rather than inheritance. You can see the spirit of this approach in the C++ Standard Library adaptors queue, priority queue, and stack. When you use generic composition, you have to implement all of the desired interface. This option is most useful when you want to limit the behavior of an adaptor by providing only a subset of the interface provided by the container.
namespace my_namespace { template <class T, class Container = std::vector<T> > class set { protected: Container c; public: // Provide needed typedefs typedef typename Container::iterator iterator; // provide all necessary functions such as insert iterator insert(iterator position, const T& x) { if (find(c.begin(),c.end(),x) == c.end()) return c.insert(position,x); else return c.end(); // This value already present! } ... }; } // End of my_namespace
The advantages of adapting existing containers are numerous. For instance, you get to reuse the implementation and the specifications of the container that you're adapting.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
In this very moment, Macchina has detected arbitrage opportunities between the following {{ curr_list|length }} currencies:


Creates or restores a persistent set with a given storage prefix. Always use a unique storage prefix for different collections.
A prefix to use for every key of this set.
Deletes all items.
Remove the given item from the set
The item to remove
Returns whether the set contains the item
Boolean indicating whether the set contains the item
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A vector class that implements a persistent array.
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Alexandria Egypt in 1905 kept a record of the news they deemed to be important via their newspaper. The title of the newspaper is “The Egyptian Gazette”. The newspaper kept a general record of the lives of not only the common person, but also the royalty. The third page was usually the most informative because it described the lives of the people, their festivities, their losses, and their own writings. However, I have drawn my focus more to the first page. The cover of “The Egyptian Gazette” provides details that can push us to understand the way the Egyptians lived. The first page is full of advertisements by different companies. The very first things you see when you grab the newspaper are advertisements. The reccuring advertisements are, generally speaking, deemed the most crucial or the most well targeted ads. In comparison to modern times, that is what culturally seems to make the most sense. This newspaper was distributed to millions of people all over the city. So my question and intrigue is, why did these ads get put on the first page? Why did companies, assumedly, pay all of this extra money just to have their company advertised on the front page?
The reason I chose to study the advertisements is because the economy has a lot to do with the culture of a civilization.  If a company is willing to spend crucial time, money, and resources to advertise their product or company, then people of that time ,generally, believe that it is quintessential to their lives. Another reason I chose to look into the published advertisements is because I am a business major. I like looking into the trends and fads of certain time periods. The comparison of how things were in 1905 and how they were important to society then, in comparison to the economic activities we partake in now, can be studied and examined to track cultural history. Looking through the advertisements we can see what people find to be desirable and the products society as a whole believes to be invaluable to their lives. The abundance of advertisements gives us ample amounts of material to examine the pieces of people lives and the way society valued specific companies. Each advertisements word choice and their designs were well thought out and planned. That gives us an additional perspective on the civilization. The way they advertise to people is specified and intentional. It is very interesting to me to see that some of the marketing tactics we utilize today were used over one hundred years ago. For these reasons I have chosen to analyze the different genres and the ways in which they are utilized in the society. I really feel that we can get more insight into the lives of people and the fads that were important to them if we look at their possible spending.
In order to answer this question I had to first categorize or at least recognize the different categories of advertisements that were posted on the front page. The Eastern Telegraph advertisement is the very first one to be printed on the first pages. This advertisement falls under the category of communications. The prominency of the add and the fact that it is completely separated from the rest of the page of advertisements could possibly go to show that this was one of the more popular choices for sending information to other cities and countries. There are competing companies that were fighting for business as well. The Khedival Mail Line, Bibby Line Mail Steamers, and the Telephone Company of Egypt are all examples of competing firms. I have found that another major category of advertisements is travel and lodge. Each company is targeting a different group of people and travels to a different place. Some examples of these companies are Norddeutscher Lloyd, The Moss S.S company LLTD.,Messageries Maritime, Hotel Brisco in Cairo, and Navigation Generale Ialienne are just a few of the most commonly appearing advertisements about travel and lodge. The excessive amounts of companies that offer travel opportunities can provide us with a wealth of information. It tells us that technological advances are allowing people to access the rest of the world without trouble. It might also tell us that 1905 Alexandria was a thriving time. If people were able to travel and pay the fees that go along with it, especially some of the more luxurious travel companies, then it had to have been a prosperous time. The mail line advertisements can tell us that information was reaching all ends of the world. People had the ability to send a note or a letter and receive one back in a relatively short period of time. This innovation and increase in technology fueled the economy and also allowed for access to pertinent information. This, culturally, goes to show that major advancements were being made to better people’s standard of living. The healthy competition gives us further evidence that there were limited issues with the growth of the economy in Alexandria, Egypt in the year 1905. We can conclude this because businesses would be scarce in an economic decline, whereas in this situation there are many companies in the market.
There is also this idea of a class divide. There are a lot of luxury items being marketed to people, but there are also more economic choices. While some companies target the luxury buyer other companies target the middle to lower class. Each advertisement, through its use of diction and syntax, allows us to see who their targeted audience is going to be. For example, the Norrdeutscher Lloyd company advertises “regular service” to the consumers, whereas the International Sleeping and Restaurant Cars company is more directed towards those looking for a luxurious trip. People who are looking for a fast and cheap traveling experience are not necessarily going to be looking for a train that can supply them with fine dining and a comfortable experience. The division of the classes is a major factor played in advertisements. Companies will tend to embolden words such as “regular” or “luxury” to draw more attention to the intended audience. The Khedival Mail Line uses words such as “express” to differentiate their delivery time from another company. This tactic of differentiation is one that is even still used today. From a cultural stand- point this says the same thing it does about companies today. It says that people want to promote their product in the most efficient and positive way possible.
For the most part, the advertisements on the first page all fit relatively the same mold. Each one advertises their company name in large emboldened text and provides their company description and information in a lot finer print. This can go to show that companies were looking for the most efficient and cheap way of advertising, the most succinct way. Or this could also go to show that the marketing tactics in this time frame and location were not as well developed as you might see now a days. The simplistic form of the advertisement could also just be The Egyptian Gazette having guidelines for what an ad can look like to be included on the front page. There are a lot of unanswered questions still at large, however we can still get a small glimpse into the possible answers and ultimately allows us to see small portions of their culture.
In order to analyze the information and correctly answer my serial question I was forced to draw in some background knowledge on marketing. Being a marketing and finance major, and growing up in a business minded house helped me draw some important conclusions about what some of these ads might tell us. I was able to identify what these advertisements could mean for the society and also what their economy might have been like in 1905. Every advertisement grants small bits of information that can lead us to drawing important conclusions. The conclusions can be anything from the evolution of marketing tactics and how different cultures might use different techniques to what these advertisements mean for their culture and ultimately their civilization.
In conclusion I found the advertisements to be quintessential to analyzing crucial aspects of their culture and economy. They provide evidence of economic and technological advancements and where they were in relativity to the rest of the world in 1905. I discovered that the economy appeared to be booming due to the abundance of businesses, the division by social class, and the money spent on advertising to consumers. None of those would have been possible had the city been in a recession. Also I was able to find that transportation, lodging, mail, and insurance were all very important to the people of that time. The majority of the advertisements fell under one of those categories. This proved to me that people’s main concerns weren’t necessarily fashion or large houses, but they were looking for information and means of travel. These are all pieces of a bigger puzzle, and when we put them together we can see what life was like in Alexandria, Egypt in the year 1905.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
For the sautéed potatoes, heat the oil in a frying pan over a medium heat. Add the bacon and fry gently for 4-5 minutes, until the fat is rendered and the bacon turns lightly golden-brown.
Add the sliced potatoes and fry for 4-5 minutes, turning the potatoes occasionally, until the potatoes turn golden-brown.
Add the spring onions to the pan and stir into the other ingredients.
Sprinkle the cheese over the ingredients in the pan, remove the pan from the heat and set aside so the cheese melts slightly in the residual heat.
Season with freshly ground black pepper and taste for salt (you may not need to add any salt because of the saltiness of the bacon).
For the pork, gently flatten each pork slice with the palm of your hand.
Rub each slice with olive oil and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Heat a griddle pan until hot, add the pork slices and cook for 2-3 minutes on both sides, or until just cooked (you may need to do this in batches to avoid overcrowding the pan). Remove the slices from the pan and set aside to rest for a few minutes.
For the gherkin and dill sauce, place the gherkin and dill in a bowl and mix well. Add just enough olive oil to bind the ingredients together.
To serve, spoon the sautéed potatoes onto four serving plates. Top with slices of the pork and finish with a spoonful of the sauce. Dust with a little paprika. and serve.


Interested in playing with codes and learning Complex things around, I'm an active member of our college software development club, where I enjoy spending my day in coding and solving problems.
Coders is a platform where anyone can start a buisness.
Persuing bachelor degree in MVJ college department of CSE, under VTU University.
Best memories i have ever had :)


The trial data for the practice phase consists of 99 articles from the AQUAINT, TimeBank and te3-platinum subsets of TempEval-2013, i.e. "Newswire" domain.
You can automatically download and prepare the input data for this phase running the prepare_time_dataset.py
script available in the task repository. If you don't already have the task repo checked out and the requirements installed, you need to do so first:
$ git clone https://github.com/Machine-Learning-for-Medical-Language/source-free-domain-adaptation.git && cd source-free-domain-adaptation $ pip3 install -r baselines/time/requirements.txt $ python3 prepare_time_dataset.py practice_text/
This will create a practice_text/time
directory containing the plain text of the documents used in this task.
The baseline for the time expression recognition is based on the pytorch implementation of RoBERTa by Hugging Face.
We have used the RobertaForTokenClassification
architecture from Hugging Face/transformers library to fine-tune roberta-base
on 25,000+ time expressions in de-identified clinical notes.
The resulting model is a sequence tagger that we have made available in Hugging Face model hub: clulab/roberta-timex-semeval.
The following table shows the in-domain and out-of-domain (practice_data) performances:
| P | R | F1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| in-domain_data | 0.967 | 0.968 | 0.968 |
| practice_data | 0.775 | 0.768 | 0.771 |
The task repository contains scripts to load and run the model: time baseline
.
These scripts are based on the Hugging Face/transformers library that allows easily incorporating the model into the code.
See for example, the code from the baseline that loads the model and its tokenizer.
The first time you run such code, the model will be automatically downloaded in your computer.
The scripts also include the basic functionality to read the input data and produce the output Anafora annotations.
You can use the run_time.py
script to parse raw text and obtain time expressions.
For example, to process the practice data, run:
$ python3 baselines/time/run_time.py -p practice_text/time/ -o submission/time/
This will create one directory per document in submission/time
containing one .xml
file with predictions in Anafora format.
There are many ways to try to improve the performance of this baseline on the practice text (and later, on the evaluation text).
Should you need to continue training the clulab/roberta-timex-semeval
model on annotated data that you have somehow produced, you can run the train_time.py
script:
$ python3 baselines/time/train_time.py -t /path/to/train-data -s /path/to/save-model
The train-data
directory must follow a similar structure to the practice_text/time
folder and include, for each document, a the raw text file (with no extension) and an Anafora annotation file (with .xml
extension).
After running the training, the save-model
directory will contain three files (pytorch_model.bin
, training_args.bin
and config.json
) with the configuration and weights of the final model, and the vocabulary and configuration files used by the tokenizer (vocab.json
, merges.txt
, special_tokens_map.json
and tokenizer_config.json
).


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Egypt, Ivory Coast secure places at 2020 Tokyo Olympics
by BeSoccerEgypt and the Ivory Coast secured places on Tuesday at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games football tournament after contrasting qualifying tournament semi-finals victories in Cairo.
Abdel Rahman Magdy scored two late goals to complete a 3-0 triumph for Egypt over South Africa after captain Ramadan Sobhy had broken the deadlock by converting a 59th-minute penalty.
Egyptian footballers last appeared at the Olympics seven years ago in London, where they fell to Japan in the quarter-finals.
Featured links
- Pochettino sacked as Tottenham manager
- The latest football transfers news and rumours
- Who has the most free-kicks goals: Messi or Cristiano?
- Luis Enrique returns to Spain national team
The victory over South Africa maintained a perfect record by the host nation in the qualifying tournament after one-goal group victories over Mali, Ghana and Cameroon. Ivory Coast edged Ghana 3-2 in a penalty shootout following a 2-2 draw after extra time to secure a second qualification for the Olympics, having reached the 2008 quarter-finals.
Youssouf Dao twice put the Ivorians ahead in regulation time and the second Ghana equaliser came from Evans Mensah in the second minute of stoppage time. Ghana had several chances to win the match in extra time while Czech Republic-based Dao fluffed a last-minute opportunity to complete his hat-trick. The shootout was won by the Ivorians when a weak fifth Ghanaian spot-kick from Owusu Kwabena was saved by Eliezer Tape Ira.
Africa has been allocated three places at the Tokyo Games and the third slot will go to the winners of a play-off between Ghana and South Africa this Friday. There have been five Olympics football medallists from Africa with Nigeria winning gold, silver and bronze, Cameroon gold and Ghana bronze.


| ExportCsvCommand | Transltion csv export command. |
| ExportYamlCommand | Translation yaml export command. |
| ImportCommand | Translation import command. |
| ExportCsvCommand | Transltion csv export command. |
| ExportYamlCommand | Translation yaml export command. |
| ImportCommand | Translation import command. |


--- title: nbdevtut keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "This is the beginner tutorial of nbdev" description: "This is the beginner tutorial of nbdev" nb_path: "00_core.ipynb" ---
Example of how to user the HelloSayer.say
sayer = HelloSayer("CC")
sayer.say()
This is how you say hello to Renoir
say_hello("Renzo")
You can also include figures in your documentation. We are draw a circle using SVG below.
from IPython.display import display,SVG
display(SVG('<svg height="100"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40"/></svg>'))
Check that the function returns the correct value
assert say_hello("Clarey")=="Hello Clarey!"
Export modules from notebook
from nbdev.export import notebook2script; notebook2script()