| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.apache.jena.query |
ARQ - A query engine for Jena, implementing SPARQL.
|
| org.apache.jena.sparql.core | |
| org.apache.jena.sparql.core.mem |
In-memory, transactional dataset
|
| org.apache.jena.sparql.modify | |
| org.apache.jena.system | |
| org.apache.jena.update |
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
Dataset
Query is over a Dataset, a collection of named graphs
and a background graph (also called the default
graph or unnamed graph).
|
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
DatasetGraph
DatasetGraph: The graph representation of an RDF Dataset.
|
interface |
TransactionalNotSupportedMixin
Mixin interface for the "un-Transactional" interface.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
DatasetGraphBase
DatasetGraph framework : readonly dataset need only provide find(g,s,p,o), getGraph() and getDefaultGraph()
although it may wish to override other operations and do better.
|
class |
DatasetGraphBaseFind
DatasetGraph framework.
|
class |
DatasetGraphCollection
Base class for implementations of a DatasetGraph as a set of graphs.
|
class |
DatasetGraphMap
Implementation of a
DatasetGraph as an extensible set of graphs. |
class |
DatasetGraphMapLink
Implementation of a DatasetGraph as an extensible set of graphs.
|
class |
DatasetGraphMonitor
Connect a DatasetGraph to a DatasetChanges monitor.
|
class |
DatasetGraphOne
DatasetGraph of a single graph as default graph.
|
class |
DatasetGraphQuads
A DatasetGraph base class for pure quad-centric storage.
|
class |
DatasetGraphReadOnly
Read-only view of a DatasetGraph.
|
class |
DatasetGraphTrackActive
Check the transactional state of a DatasetGraph
|
class |
DatasetGraphTriplesQuads
A DatasetGraph base class for triples+quads storage.
|
class |
DatasetGraphViewGraphs
Wrap a DatasetGraph with implementations of
DatasetGraph.getDefaultGraph() and
DatasetGraph.getGraph(org.apache.jena.graph.Node)
that use the view graph mechanism. |
class |
DatasetGraphWithLock
A DatasetGraph that uses the dataset lock to give weak transactional
behaviour, that is the application see transaction but they are not durable.
|
class |
DatasetGraphWrapper |
class |
DatasetImpl
An implementation of a Dataset.
|
static class |
DynamicDatasets.DynamicDatasetGraph |
class |
TransactionalLock
An implementation of Tranactional that provides MRSW locking but no abort.
|
class |
TransactionalMutex
Transactional by mutual exclusion.
|
class |
TransactionalNotSupported
Implementation for "un-Transactional" interface.
|
class |
TransactionalNull |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
DatasetGraphInMemory
A
DatasetGraph backed by an QuadTable . |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
GraphStoreBasic
Deprecated.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
TxnCounter
A MR+SW transactional Counter
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static <T extends Transactional,X> |
Txn.calculateRead(T txn,
Supplier<X> r)
Execute and return a value in a read transaction
|
static <T extends Transactional,X> |
Txn.calculateWrite(T txn,
Supplier<X> r)
Execute and return a value in a write transaction.
|
static <T extends Transactional> |
Txn.executeRead(T txn,
Runnable r)
Execute the Runnable in a read transaction.
|
static <T extends Transactional> |
Txn.executeWrite(T txn,
Runnable r)
Execute the Runnable in a write transaction
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static ThreadAction |
ThreadTxn.threadTxnRead(Transactional trans,
Runnable action)
Create a thread-backed delayed READ transaction action.
|
static ThreadAction |
ThreadTxn.threadTxnWrite(Transactional trans,
Runnable action)
Create a thread-backed delayed WRITE action.
|
static ThreadAction |
ThreadTxn.threadTxnWriteAbort(Transactional trans,
Runnable action)
Create a thread-backed delayed WRITE-abort action (mainly for testing).
|
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
GraphStore
Deprecated.
|
Licenced under the Apache License, Version 2.0


A keto diet is well known for being a low carb diet, where the body produces ketones in the liver to be used as energy.
Keep in mind that it's a high fat diet so nutrient intake should be 70% fats, 25% protein and 5% carbohydrate. The lower the carb the better!
Ketosis is a natural process the body initiates to help us survive when food intake is low. During this state, we produce ketones, which are produced from the breakdown of fats in the liver.
When transitioning to keto, you may feel some slight discomfort including fatigue, headache, nausea, cramps, etc but it goes away in few days


Basic tk-explain demo
iridescent
Advanced tk-explain demo
a red tooltip
No label tk-explain demo
Can you even tell where the
tk-explain
is?


New Banksy mural features homeless man on bench
The secretive artist’s latest work has been unveiled in Birmingham.
A new Banksy artwork includes a homeless man sleeping on a Birmingham bench.
The latest mural from the secretive street artist features two reindeer painted onto a brick wall appearing to pull along a bench on Vyse Street in the city’s Jewellery Quarter like Santa’s sleigh.
A video posted by Banksy on his Instagram page shows a man with a white beard, apparently homeless, drinking from a bottle before climbing on to the bench to lie down as some passers-by walk past.
In his post, Banksy wrote: “God bless Birmingham.
“In the 20 minutes we filmed Ryan on this bench passers-by gave him a hot drink, two chocolate bars and a lighter – without him ever asking for anything.”
The artist’s publicist did not immediately respond to a question as to whether the man in the video was a rough sleeper or an actor.
Local jewellery wax carver Martin Clarke, 52, said: “About five o’clock in the morning there was a small tent with a couple of lads in high vis.
“(I) just thought it was to do with the upkeep of the jewellery quarter, and it turned out to be a lot more.”


Info about climate change here
Info about the game
This week I have...


I am currently an AI/ML Engineer, with experience working with lean teams on AI products and MVPs for large corporates.
Interested in the intersection between design, strategy, and technology to create useful products for people.
In an AI project for a top healthcare company with an APAC reach of ~500k customers across 3 countries, as a team of 3, we:
Industry analysis
Fundraising
Cross-cultural coordination and support
Honours with Distinction
Average Score for 6 courses: 84
I spend most of my free time reading, building things, and doing sports. For 2020, my fitness goal is to complete my first triathlon.
As hobbies, I enjoy playing the guitar and learning languages
Case Competitions
Writing and Communications
Academia


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Copyright 2013-2020 the original author or authors. | |
| 3 | * | |
| 4 | * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); | |
| 5 | * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. | |
| 6 | * You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 7 | * | |
| 8 | * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 9 | * | |
| 10 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 11 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 12 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 13 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 14 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 15 | */ | |
| 16 | package org.springframework.data.repository.core.support; | |
| 17 | ||
| 18 | import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory; | |
| 19 | import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory; | |
| 20 | import org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor; | |
| 21 | import org.springframework.data.repository.core.RepositoryInformation; | |
| 22 | import org.springframework.util.Assert; | |
| 23 | ||
| 24 | /** | |
| 25 | * {@link RepositoryProxyPostProcessor} to register a {@link PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor} on the | |
| 26 | * repository proxy. | |
| 27 | * | |
| 28 | * @author Oliver Gierke | |
| 29 | */ | |
| 30 | public class PersistenceExceptionTranslationRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implements RepositoryProxyPostProcessor { | |
| 31 | ||
| 32 | private final PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor interceptor; | |
| 33 | ||
| 34 | /** | |
| 35 | * Creates a new {@link PersistenceExceptionTranslationRepositoryProxyPostProcessor} using the given | |
| 36 | * {@link ListableBeanFactory}. | |
| 37 | * | |
| 38 | * @param beanFactory must not be {@literal null}. | |
| 39 | */ | |
| 40 | public PersistenceExceptionTranslationRepositoryProxyPostProcessor(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) { | |
| 41 | ||
| 42 |
1
1. |
Assert.notNull(beanFactory, "BeanFactory must not be null!"); |
| 43 | ||
| 44 |
2
1. 2. |
this.interceptor = new PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor(); |
| 45 |
1
1. |
this.interceptor.setBeanFactory(beanFactory); |
| 46 |
1
1. |
this.interceptor.afterPropertiesSet(); |
| 47 | } | |
| 48 | ||
| 49 | /* | |
| 50 | * (non-Javadoc) | |
| 51 | * @see org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryProxyPostProcessor#postProcess(org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory, org.springframework.data.repository.core.RepositoryInformation) | |
| 52 | */ | |
| 53 | public void postProcess(ProxyFactory factory, RepositoryInformation repositoryInformation) { | |
| 54 |
1
1. postProcess : removed call to org/springframework/aop/framework/ProxyFactory::addAdvice → KILLED |
factory.addAdvice(interceptor); |
| 55 | } | |
| 56 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 42 |
1.1 |
|
| 44 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 45 |
1.1 |
|
| 46 |
1.1 |
|
| 54 |
1.1 |


Welcome!
ShopRite is a laptop shopping environment aimed at delivering a more informative and intuitive shopping experience. We'll help you brush up on comparing technology and give you the tools you need to find the right match.
Learn
If you're new to buying laptops and aren't sure where to start, we'll walk you through what you need to know to make an educated decision. You'll get a brief overview of the bits that come together to make your laptop and wat to look for based on your lifestyle.
Shopping
If you know exactly what you're after come here to jump right into the action. This takes you directly to the filtering stage.
Compare
The comparison portal allows you to see a side-by-side comparison between products you've selected in the personal box.


To prioritize tasks using an effective time management system based on your values.
Team Lead
Web Dev UI | Marketing Page
Frontend Developer
Backend Developer


In Internet Explorer, type 'alsdkjs://helloworld' into the address bar and press enter. After the dialog this sample will be launched. This sample sets the DesiredView element within the Protocol extension category to "useLess". When you launch the sample from another app, such as IE, this preference tells the system to attempt to use a smaller portion of the screen for the sample and leave the rest for other apps.
Use a different language version of this sample (e.g., the C# version), in scenario 2, type 'alsdkjs://helloworld' into the textbox and tap the "Launch Default Handler" button above. It will launch this sample app into this page.


Initially we planned on the website to follow a hierarchical organization with 4 pages titled 'Home', 'About Us', 'Portfolios', 'Contact Us'. But upon starting to work on the creating the website and reviewing examples and templates, we came to a decision that a Linear organization with a single flow that takes visitors from one content to another.
We felt that this flow makes it easier for the visitors to get from one section to another and the webpage loads faster than in a hierarchical organization. We were still able to include the sections we wanted to include and the website better depicts the business.


{% extends "page_with_title_and_lede.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block head_title %}Events{% endblock %} {% block heading %}Events{% endblock %} {% block body_class %}program{% endblock %} {% block lede %} North Bay Python 2017 is coming, and with it: more Python. We'll add satellite events and more to this page as details are available. {% endblock %} {% block content %}
A pre-conference event with local meetup group, Web & Interactive Media Professionals (WIMP). At least three of the North Bay Python organizers will be present at this potluck-style event at Santa Rosa Junior College. Find more information and join us!
We are running a free speaker training the day before the conference. Everyone is invited to attend, but seating is limited so people who are accepted to speak at the conference are given priority.
You must register to attend. Due to the location, the training is only open to people age 21 and older.
The Blue Room
Jamison's Roaring Donkey
146 Kentucky Street
Petaluma, CA 94952
Getting into town early? Come meet other attendees at the Pre-conference Social Hour! We have a table reserved for 20, come find us and say hello. The venue is quite large so once the table fills up we'll just start seeding tables in unreserved space.
Brewster's
229 Water Street North
Petaluma, CA 94952
This year's main event will run from 10:00am to about 6:15pm each day with check-in starting at 8:30am on Saturday. There are 20 sessions and 2 keynotes that make up the North Bay Python 2017 program.
There will be a variety of official and unofficial events running during the conference, each day before opening, during lunch, and after closing. You can find a regularly updated list of events on the Attendee Wiki. You can find events, and organize your own, on the Meetups page.
Come hear some awesome talks and then have lunch with your favorite women and non-binary programmers and their friends!
It's free to join and lunch is on us, but space is limited so you must register to attend.
{% endblock %}


Learn More
Where Our Students Work
Click a marker to learn more about the jobs at that location
Our People
To view more about our faculty and staff, click below.
Faculty Research: Areas of Interest
Click the area you’re interested in to explore our faculty publications
Faculty Research: Lookup by Faculty
Click the faculty member to explore their recent publications


Kamome
Send Data to Native
Error from Native
Timeout Sample
Cancel Request
Hook Sample
Non-existent Command
message


Swedish word of the day: smörgåstårta
by Catherine EdwardsHere's a word to describe a Swedish food that may, on first glance, sound quite bizarre: smörgåstårta.
Smörgås means 'sandwich' (although perhaps not quite the way you think of a sandwich, as we've discussed in a previous Word of the Day), while tårta means cake (generally a soft, large cake for sharing, as explained here).
A smörgåstårta, then, is a 'sandwich cake'.
And yes, it's pretty much exactly what it sounds like.
Sandwich ingredients, layered and decorated just like a dessert cake, except it's cold, savoury and often fishy.
To build a smörgåstårta, you layer up white or rye bread with savoury creamy fillings such as pâté, cream cheese or mayonnaise. Additional typical smörgås toppings such as cold meats, cheese, fish, and vegetables can be added into the mix too.
The finished product is decorated with more creamy toppings and garnishes that may include shrimps, tomatoes, cucumber or herbs, for example.
The smörgåstårta is served at special occasions such as parties or an office fika, when it's cut into slices like a cake. The big advantage is that it can be prepared or ordered in advance, making it a simpler choice for hosts than hot food.
But it doesn't usually make an appearance at national celebrations such as Midsummer or Christmas, when buffet-style food is the normal choice.
The first recorded reference to smörgåstårta was in a Småland newspaper in 1934, and it appears to have grown in popularity after the Second World War, possibly due to the free availability of ingredients such as butter and cheese after rationing ended.
In 2012, November 13th was chosen as the official Smörgastårta Day, following in the Swedish tradition of giving beloved national foods their own day of celebration. The day was popularized by the group Smörgåstårtans Vänner (literally Friends of the Sandwich Cake), which counts over 1,000 members nationwide.
So, happy sandwich cake day one and all!
Examples
Mums, smörgåstårta med lax och räkor!
Yum, sandwich cake with salmon and prawns!
Jag vill beställa tre smörgåstårtor till min födelsedagsfest
I want to order three sandwich cakes for my birthday party
Do you have a favourite Swedish word you would like to nominate for our word of the day series? Get in touch by email or if you are a Member of The Local, log in to comment below.


Utility functions for the handling, analysis and visualisation of data from portable emissions measurement systems ('PEMS') and other similar mobile activity monitoring devices. The package includes a dedicated 'pems' data class that manages many of the quality control, unit handling and data archiving issues that can hinder efforts to standardise 'PEMS' research.
| Version: | <IP_ADDRESS> |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10.0), lattice, loa |
| Imports: | methods, utils, grid, RColorBrewer, latticeExtra, baseline, ggplot2, rlang, dplyr, Rcpp (≥ 0.12.19) |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Published: | 2018-11-18 |
| Author: | Karl Ropkins [aut, cre], Adrian Felipe Ortega Calle [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | Karl Ropkins <karl.ropkins at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://pems.r-forge.r-project.org/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Citation: | pems.utils citation info |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | pems.utils results |
| Reference manual: | pems.utils.pdf |
| Package source: | pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-release: pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip, r-oldrel: pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz, r-oldrel: pems.utils_<IP_ADDRESS>.tgz |
| Old sources: | pems.utils archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pems.utils to link to this page.


-
Initial Patient Population =
- AND: "Diagnosis, Active: Asthma (ordinality: 'Principal')" starts during "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed: Encounter
Inpatient"
- AND: "Patient Characteristic Birthdate: birth date" >= 2 year(s) starts before start of "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed:
Encounter Inpatient"
- AND: "Patient Characteristic Birthdate: birth date" <= 17 year(s) starts before start of "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed:
Encounter Inpatient"
- AND: "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient (length of stay <= 120 day(s))"
- AND: "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient" ends during "Measurement Period"
-
Denominator =
- AND: "Initial Patient Population"
- AND: "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient (discharge status: 'Discharge To Home Or Police Custody')"
-
Denominator Exclusions =
-
Numerator =
- AND:
- OR: "Communication: From Provider to Patient: Asthma Management Plan"
- OR: "Communication: From Provider to Patient not done: Patient Refusal" for "Asthma Management Plan "
- during "Occurrence A of Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient"
-
Denominator Exceptions =
-
"Communication: From Provider to Patient not done: Patient Refusal" using "Patient Refusal SNOMEDCT Value Set (2.16.840.1.1138<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.93)"
-
"Communication: From Provider to Patient: Asthma Management Plan" using "Asthma Management Plan LOINC Value Set (2.16.840.1.1138<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.131)"
-
"Diagnosis, Active: Asthma" using "Asthma Grouping Value Set (2.16.840.1.1138<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.271)"
-
"Encounter, Performed: Encounter Inpatient" using "Encounter Inpatient SNOMEDCT Value Set (2.16.840.1.113883.3.666.5.307)"
-
"Patient Characteristic Birthdate: birth date" using "birth date LOINC Value Set (2.16.840.1.113883.3.560.100.4)"
-
Attribute: "Discharge status: Discharge To Home Or Police Custody" using "Discharge To Home Or Police Custody SNOMEDCT Value Set (2.16.840.1.1138<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.82)"
-
Attribute: "Ordinality: Principal" using "Principal SNOMEDCT Value Set (2.16.840.1.1138<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.14)"
-
"Patient Characteristic Ethnicity: Ethnicity" using "Ethnicity CDCREC Value Set (2.16.840.1.114<IP_ADDRESS>7)"
-
"Patient Characteristic Payer: Payer" using "Payer SOP Value Set (2.16.840.1.114<IP_ADDRESS>91)"
-
"Patient Characteristic Race: Race" using "Race CDCREC Value Set (2.16.840.1.114<IP_ADDRESS>6)"
-
"Patient Characteristic Sex: ONC Administrative Sex" using "ONC Administrative Sex AdministrativeSex Value Set (2.16.840.1.1137<IP_ADDRESS>)"


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Russia's Novak: Would rather take decision on output extension close to April
by Eren SengezerRussian Energy Minister Alexander Novak said that he favoured OPEC and its non-OPEC allies to make a decision on whether to extend the crude oil production curb agreement closer to the group's meeting in April next year, Russian news agency TASS reported on Friday.
Crude oil prices continued to push lower on these comments and the barrel of West Texas Intermediate was last seen trading at $56.50, erasing 2.8% on a daily basis.
"Gas condensate accounts for 7-8% of Russia's total oil production," Novak further added.


Leicester surges up EPL table with eighth straight victory
LONDON – A club-record eighth successive Premier League victory for Leicester. An eighth straight game scoring for Jamie Vardy.
Leicester has rolled the clock back four years with another title challenge that gathered more momentum with Vardy netting twice in a 4-1 victory over Aston Villa on Sunday.
The problem for Leicester manager Brendan Rodgers is that Liverpool is eight points in front. There is still more than half the season remaining and a meeting between the top two on Dec. 26.
“I don’t think anyone expects us to be near the top,” Rodgers said. “After Manchester United won at Manchester City on Saturday, the caption came up about how far City are away from Liverpool (14 points). We respect that, we get on with our work and keep developing as a team.”
Rodgers knows all about title challenges, winning the Scottish top flight twice with Celtic after falling just short of City in the 2014 title race while managing Liverpool.
He watched from afar as Claudio Ranieri defied 5,000-1 odds to win the Premier League for Leicester in 2016.
“We have finished ninth in the last two seasons but today we looked like a top team,” Rodgers said. “It was a real historic day, to surpass the club record of straight wins in the top flight was fantastic for us.”
Vardy opened the scoring in the 20th minute and Kelechi Iheanacho doubled the lead four minutes before halftime.
Jack Grealish pulled a goal back in first-half stoppage time but Jonny Evans’ header after the break restored Leicester’s two-goal advantage. Vardy wrapped the game up with 15 minutes left and the striker is three games from matching his record of scoring in 11 straight Premier League games in the title-winning campaign.
“Jamie is such a top-level player, he is always ready when the chances come,” Rodgers said. “I don’t think there’s any doubt he isn’t going to score.”
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Rema returns to the stage reloaded
by Mary NambwayoBy her own confession, she said she was a new Rema. "Sili muyembe (I am not a mango fruit). I am a new person." The show that took place in Namugongo,was her first since her glamorous introduction ceremony and honeymoon.
Rema


NTFS-3G.USERMAP(8) NTFS-3G.USERMAP(8) NAME ntfs-3g.usermap - NTFS Building a User Mapping File SYNOPSIS ntfs-3g.usermap windows-system-device [other-ntfs-device...] Where windows-system-device is the device containing the Windows system whose users are to be mapped to current Linux system. And other-ntfs-device is another device containing files which are to be accessed both by the Windows mentioned above and current Linux system. the ntfs-3g.usermap command must be started as root, and the designated devices must not be mounted. Typing ntfs-3g.usermap with no args will display a summary of command arguments. DESCRIPTION ntfs-3g.usermap creates the file defining the mapping of Windows accounts to Linux logins for users who owns files which should be visible from both Windows and Linux. It relies on existing files which were created on Windows, trying to locate significant files and asking which Linux user or group should own them. When a Linux owner or group is requested, the reply may be : - the uid or gid (numeric or symbolic) of Linux owner or group of the file. In that situation, no more file with the same Windows owner will be selected. - or no answer, when not able to define the owner or group. In that situation another file owned by the same Windows user or group may be selected later so that a mapping can be defined. The mappings for standard Windows users, such as "Administrator" or "All Users" are defined implicitly. As a consequence a user mapping should never be defined as Linux root. When there are no more significant files, ntfs-3g.usermap create the map‐ ping file into the file UserMapping in the current directory. This file has to be moved to the hidden directory .NTFS-3G in the root of all the NTFS file systems to be shared between Windows and Linux. This requires the file system to be mounted, but the created file will not be taken into account if not present at mount time, which means the file system has to be unmounted and mounted again for the new mapping file to be taken into account. OPTIONS No option is defined for ntfs-3g.usermap. EXAMPLES Map the users defined on the Windows system present on /dev/sda1 : ntfs-3g.usermap /dev/sda1 A detailed example, with screen displays is available on http://pages‐ perso-orange.fr/b.andre/usermap.html EXIT CODES ntfs-3g.usermap exits with a value of 0 when no error was detected, and with a value of 1 when an error was detected. KNOWN ISSUES Please see http://www.tuxera.com/community/ntfs-3g-faq/ for common questions and known issues. If you would find a new one in the latest release of the software then please send an email describing it in detail. You can contact the development team on the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>address. AUTHORS ntfs-3g.secaudit has been developed by Jean-Pierre AndrÃ©. THANKS Several people made heroic efforts, often over five or more years which resulted the ntfs-3g driver. Most importantly they are Anton Alta‐ parmakov, Richard Russon, Szabolcs Szakacsits, Yura Pakhuchiy, Yuval Fledel, and the author of the groundbreaking FUSE filesystem development framework, Miklos Szeredi. SEE ALSO ntfsprogs(8), attr(5), getfattr(1) ntfs-3g.usermap 1.1.2 February 2010 NTFS-3G.USERMAP(8)


2015 PlantSEED Metabolic Modeling Workshop
A two-day workshop on plant genome annotation, metabolic modeling, and reconstruction
comprising formal lectures and hands-on instruction held at
University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl from the 13th to the 15th of August, 2015.
The workshop content is of interest to computational scientists associated to agriculture
and biology departments as well as plant scientists interested in metabolic modeling
including plant breeders, geneticists, physiologists and biochemists.
Participants
- Claudia Lerma-Ortiz, University of Florida, Research Assistant
- Louis Bradbury, York College, CUNY, Faculty
- Janaka Edirisinghe, Argonne National Laboratory, Postdoctoral Fellow and Workshop Instructor
- Pu Huang, Danforth Center, Postdoctoral Fellow
- Sarah Unruh, University of Missouri, Graduate Student
- Yue Hao, University of Missouri, Graduate Student
- Andrew Hanson, University of Florida, PI and Faculty
- Hai Shi, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Postdoctoral Fellow
- Chris Henry, Argonne National Laboratory, Co-PI, Faculty and Workshop Instructor
- Marceline Egnin, Tuskegee University, Faculty
- Manaki Mimura, University of Florida, Postdoctoral Fellow
- Rodrigo Furtado dos Santos, University of Florida, Postdoctoral Fellow
- Eric Bishop Von Wettberg, Florida International University, Faculty
- Jacob Daniel Washburn, University of Missouri, Graduate Student
- Don McCarty, University of Florida, Co-PI and Faculty
- Sam Seaver, Argonne National Laboratory, Asst. Computational Scientist and Workshop Instructor
- Samuel McInturf, University of Missouri, Graduate Student
- Antje Tamm, University of Florida, Postdoctoral Fellow
- Masaharu Suzuki, University of Florida, Faculty
Program
Day 1: Annotation and modeling of plant genomes in PlantSEED
A. Introduction to PlantSEED
B. Annotation of transcripts (Learn about signature k-mers and FIGFams)
C. View and Comparison of PlantSEED annotations
D. Introduction to metabolic modeling
E. Interactive Walkthrough of PlantSEED using Sandbox Model
Day 2: Application of models to understand and discover plant biology
A. Demonstration of model applications with sandbox model
B. Question and answer session
C. Application of full genomes, transcriptomes, and models to answer biological questions
Grant Support
The PlantSEED resource was created with support by the National Science Foundation Grant IOS-1025398, by an endowment from the C. V. Griffin Sr. Foundation, and by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-ACO2-06CH11357, as part of the DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase.
The National Science Foundation Grant IOS-1444202 has provided support for both the improvement of the PlantSEED resource and the production of new modeling tools within ModelSEED to be able to annotate plant genomes using the PlantSEED platform and develop plant metabolism models. This grant also supports the implementation of four PlantSEED metabolic modeling workshops to train faculty, post-doctoral fellows and graduate students of American universities (with an emphasis on recruitment of faculty from minority serving institutions) in the use of these novel computational tools.


A user should have the option to enter a year.
If the given year is a leap year the result message should be 'XXXX is a leap year' otherwise 'XXXX is not a leap year'.
The year:


Two ex-members of banned outfit shot dead in Quetta
by https://www.dawn.com/authors/396/the-newspaper-s-staff-correspondent, The Newspaper's Staff CorrespondentQUETTA: Two brothers were shot dead by unidentified attackers in the Killi Shabo area of the provincial capital on Sunday.
According to police, the armed men targeted Daro Khan and Abdul Aziz when they were going home in a car.
They said the attackers were riding two motorcycles and used automatic weapons for targeting the two brothers.
One of the brothers died on the spot as he suffered six bullet wounds and the other died in the hospital. He suffered six bullet injuries.
Daro Khan and Abdul Aziz, who once belonged to a banned organisation, had joined hands with the government last year, abandoning their fight against the state and surrendering their weapons to security forces.
No arrest was made till late in the night.
Published in Dawn, November 18th, 2019


| Yassour2009 {cubfits} | R Documentation |
Experiments and data are obtained from Yassour et. al. (2009).
yassour
A data.frame
contains 6303 rows and 5 columns:
ORF
is for gene names in character, and
YPD0.1
, YPD0.2
, YPD15.1
, and YPD15.2
are
gene expressions in positive double corresponding to 4 controlled
Yeast experiments.
The original data are available as the URL of the section of Source next.
As the section of Examples next, data are selected from SD3.xls
and
reordered by ORF
.
For further analysis, the Examples section also provides how to
convert them to phi.Obs
values either in geometric means or individually.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/02/10/0812841106
http://www.pnas.org/content/vol0/issue2009/images/data/0812841106/DCSupplemental/SD3.xls
Yassour M, Kaplan T, Fraser HB, Levin JZ, Pfiffner J, Adiconis X, Schroth G, Luo S, Khrebtukova I, Gnirke A, Nusbaum C, Thompson DA, Friedman N, Regev A. (2009) “Ab initio construction of a eukaryotic transcriptome by massively parallel mRNA sequencing.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(9):3264-9. [PMID:19208812]
Wallace E.W.J., Airoldi E.M., and Drummond D.A. “Estimating Selection on Synonymous Codon Usage from Noisy Experimental Data” Mol Biol Evol (2013) 30(6):1438–1453.
## Not run: ### SD3.xls is available from the URL provided in the References. da <- read.table("SD3.xls", header = TRUE, sep = "\t", quote = "", stringsAsFactors = FALSE) ### Select ORF, YPD0.1, YPD0.2, YPD15.1, YPD15.2. da <- da[, c(1, 8, 9, 10, 11)] colnames(da) <- c("ORF", "YPD0.1", "YPD0.2", "YPD15.1", "YPD15.2") ### Drop inappropriate values (NaN, NA, Inf, -Inf, and 0). tmp <- da[, 2:5] id.tmp <- rowSums(is.finite(as.matrix(tmp)) & tmp != 0) >= 3 tmp <- da[id.tmp, 1:5] yassour <- tmp[order(tmp$ORF),] # cubfits::yassour ### Get geometric mean of phi.Obs and scaling similar to Wallace (2013). GM <- apply(yassour[, -1], 1, function(x) exp(mean(log(x[x != 0])))) phi.Obs <- GM / sum(GM) * 15000 ### Get individual of phi.Obs. GM <- apply(yassour[, -1], 1, function(x) exp(mean(log(x[x != 0])))) phi.Obs.all <- yassour[, -1] / sum(GM) * 15000 phi.Obs.all[phi.Obs.all == 0] <- NA ## End(Not run)


Those are active apartments.
Id
Type
Number rooms
Number guests
Price per night
Location
Date for log in
Date for log off
Amenities
Those are the comments for the apartments
Go back


Sheryl Lyn Mitchell
Unafffiliated
Retired
MA, Communications/Humanities, University of Colorado Denver, 1991; BS, Vocational Home Economics Education, Colorado State University, 1975; Colorado Professional Teacher License, CDE 1975-2010; Colorado CTE Certification 1975-2010 Colorado Teacher Cadet State Coordinator, CERRA Certified Trainer 2003-2011; Adjunct Professor School of Education, Colorado State University 2011-2019
80235
Jefferson County Schools School Board Campaigns * Normally I do not actively donate to political campaigns, however, the last for years have been exceptional politically. Donations: -Joe Biden -John Hickenlooper -Amy McGrath -Jason Crow -Ed Perlmutter -Tammy Story -Andy Kerr -Chris Kennedy -Karla Esser -DNC -NARAL -Planned Parenthood National Programs Community and Charity Donations: -Leukemia/Lymphoma Society -Community Grief Center, Greeley CO -United Way -Food Bank of the Rockies -Colorado State University -Denver 7, Fire Victims -Betts Legacy Foundation -Meals on Wheels -Denver Hospice -Colorado COVID Relief Fund -Planned Parenthood of the Rockies
* Community Grief Center, Greeley, CO C0-Facilitator 2017-2019 * Marston Slopes HOA Welcome/social Committee 2015- Present
As a long time public educator, I have worked on many committees, held many offices and constantly pursued excellence as an educator and for the many professional organizations to which I belonged. During my full-time professional years, I planned and coordinated trainings and conferences for teachers across the state. I also worked on district and state committees to update curriculums. I worked with the Colorado Community College System, other states, and private foundations to facilitate funding and activities for educational workshops. In addition, I worked as a team teacher both at the high school and college level. Team teaching takes a great deal of communication and time in order to produce quality educational experiences for students as well as a positive collegial working relationship. In 2015 my husband stepped up to run for the Board of Education in Jefferson County. I worked actively with his campaign, as well as the campaigns of the other BOE candidates. I listened to constituents, organized outreach efforts, helped track campaign donations and a variety of other tasks as needed. He served as board president; and I have supported, advised and attended many school districts functions and activities. In 2017 I joined the work of the Community Grief Center of Greeley to help the Family Trek Program. As a facilitator I was trained to conduct eight sessions with different age groups to assist families with the loss of a loved one. The services were free to families and I volunteered my time to train and work with the teen groups. In recent years I have volunteered through our Homeowners Association to welcome new neighbors and assist in planning and conducting social/get-acquainted activities.
I am a Colorado native and very proud of our beautiful state. As a longtime unaffiliated voter in a state with a growing number of independent voters I am very interested in seeing equity in representation of Coloradoans across the state. I recognize that balancing numbers and equity issues is important in electing public officials that will represent their constituents not just a political ideology. I am interested in this committee and at a time in my life where I can devote the time and energy to the process which hopefully results in fair and balanced districts across the state.
1) It is important to do your homework, read and study the data provided, consider the various geographic areas and needs across the state. 2) Listening is a key skill to working effectively within a committee. Ask questions, listen and respect opinions. 3) Points or arguments should be made based on facts and legitimate needs not a political platform. 4) In the last four years, I have leaned more to one party than the other. However, that has not been true throughout my life. I have supported candidates from both parties and causes that lean both conservative and liberal. I do not have a need to gerrymander a district to represent a particular party or group of people, but would rather see a balance as much as distance and populations of the area will allow.
Over my career and life experiences I have served on many problem solving and decision-making committees. The ultimate goal has always been to arrive at an outcome based on consensus that is acceptable to all members. I understand and value data and statistics. I welcome discussion and reasoning to arrive at decisions, and have excellent listening skills.
Female


--- layout: post title: Todo not showing up in 'Content' context menu after adding contoller content.php permalink: todo-not-showing-up-in-content-context-menu-after-adding-contoller-content-php/ date: 2012-12-24 07:57:49.000000000 +08:00 categories: - coding - Copy Paste - php tags: - ci bonfire not working - cibonfire todo tutorial problem - todo custom module not showing up - todo module not showing in content menu status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' review_rating: '' _wpas_done_all: '1' _wpas_skip_1611607: '1' _wpas_skip_2203490: '1' _wpas_skip_2452381: '1' _wpas_skip_2452385: '1' _wpas_skip_2452386: '1' _thumbnail_id: '851' dsq_thread_id: '2960806630' cleaned: true ---
This post is for PHP Developers that was trying to do the "ToDo" module tutorial in CI Bonfire.
There seems a fundamental problem in the supposedly "basic" tutorial of CI Bonfire. Maybe due to the fast transition of changes in the current version of the said CI flavor. But either way, let me teach you how to solve this problem.
First, in the Migration of your module, you have to edit that file and add this array in the migration class:
private $permission_array = array(
'MODULE.Content.Manage' => 'Manage ...',
'MODULE.Content.Add' => 'Add ...',
'MODULE.Content.Delete' => 'Delete ...',
'MODULE.Content.View' => 'To view the .... Content menu.'
);
Note that you should replace the MODULE with the actual module name. Also the value of each key should be adjusted to whatever caption you would like.
Next. Add this in the up method of your migration class.
$prefix = $this->db->dbprefix;
foreach ($this->permission_array as $name => $description)
{
$this->db->query("INSERT INTO {$prefix}permissions(name, description) VALUES('".$name."', '".$description."')");
// give current role (or administrators if fresh install) full right to manage permissions
$this->db->query("INSERT INTO {$prefix}role_permissions VALUES(1,".$this->db->insert_id().")");
}
This will insert those permissions in the permissions table, so that Bonfire will be aware of those permissions.
It will also insert those permission to the Admin role, so that the admin roles will gonna have those permissions.
Add this in your migration file's down method so that the permissions will be revoked when the module is uninstalled.
$prefix = $this->db->dbprefix;
foreach ($this->permission_array as $name => $description)
{
$query = $this->db->query("SELECT permission_id FROM {$prefix}permissions WHERE name = '".$name."'");
foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
{
$permission_id = $row['permission_id'];
$this->db->query("DELETE FROM {$prefix}role_permissions WHERE permission_id='$permission_id';");
}
//delete the role
$this->db->query("DELETE FROM {$prefix}permissions WHERE (name = '".$name."')");
}
Then on the Content controller, make sure you add this line to the method to enforce the permission:
$this->auth->restrict('MODULE.Content.Manage');
After saving the changes, go to admin,
Developer > Database Tools > Migrations
Modules tab
run the uninstall of your module
then re-install it again.
You should be fine now.


User Name is required!
Email is required!
Phone number is required!
Password is required!
Confirmation is required!
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khome
/
khome.communicating
/
ServiceCommandResolver
ServiceCommandResolver
interface
ServiceCommandResolver
<
S
>
Functions
resolve
abstract
fun
resolve
(
desiredState
:
S
)
:
ResolvedServiceCommand


| Summaries {bit} | R Documentation |
Fast aggregation functions for booltype
vectors. namely bit
, all
, any
, anyNA
,
min
, max
, range
,
sum
and summary
.
Now all boolean summaries (except for anyNA
because the generic does not allow it) have an optional range
argument to restrict the range of evalution.
Note that the boolean summaries have meaning and return values differing from logical aggregation functions: they treat NA
as FALSE
,
min
, max
and range
give the minimum and maximum positions of TRUE
, summary
returns counts of FALSE
, TRUE
and the range
.
Note that you can force the boolean interpretation by calling the booltype method explicitely on any booltypes
input, e.g. min.booltype()
, see the examples.
## S3 method for class 'bit' all(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' any(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' anyNA(x, recursive = FALSE) ## S3 method for class 'bit' sum(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' min(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' max(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' range(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bit' summary(object, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' all(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' any(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' anyNA(x, recursive = FALSE) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' sum(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' min(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' max(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' range(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'bitwhich' summary(object, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' all(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' any(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' anyNA(x, recursive = FALSE) ## S3 method for class 'which' sum(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' min(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' max(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' range(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'which' summary(object, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' all(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' any(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' anyNA(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' sum(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' min(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' max(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' range(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'booltype' summary(object, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' all(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' any(x, range = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' anyNA(x, recursive = FALSE) ## S3 method for class 'ri' sum(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' min(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' max(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' range(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'ri' summary(object, ...)
x |
an object of class bit or bitwhich |
range |
a |
... |
formally required but not used |
recursive |
formally required but not used |
object |
an object of class bit |
Summaries of bit
vectors are quite fast because we use a double loop that fixes each
word in a processor register. Furthermore we break out of looping as soon
as possible. Summaries of bitwhich
vectors are even faster, if the selection is very skewed.
as expected
Jens Oehlschlägel
l <- c(NA, FALSE, TRUE) b <- as.bit(l) all(l) all(b) all(b, range=c(3,3)) all.booltype(l, range=c(3,3)) min(l) min(b) sum(l) sum(b) summary(l) summary(b) summary.booltype(l)


{% extends parent_template|default:'base.html' %} {% block title %} HTTP Forbidden {% endblock title %} {% block content %} Permission Denied You are not allowed to see this content. {% endblock content %}
You are not allowed to see this content.


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Shafik Kiwanuka’s traininig drills get lighter
by James BakamaHe is done with all the hard training. It is now time for light sessions to conserve energy
November 29
WBF Africa heavyweight
Title fight Venue- IUEA’s auditorium
Charges
Sh20,000
Sh 50,000
Sh100,000(table)
International University of East Africa (IUEA) sponsored boxer Shafik Kiwanuka has this week started toning down on his training.
Kiwanuka will be in action on November 29 in IUEA’s auditorium against Zimbabwe’s Thamsanqa Dube. They will be fighting for the vacant World Boxing Federation crown.
“He is done with all the hard training. It is now time for light sessions to conserve energy,” stated Kiwanuka manager Emmanuel Mwesigwa. “He will do more swimming, sprints, shadow boxing and hitting pads.”
Mwesigwa explained that Kiwanuka has gained the required stamina and power and it is now time to relax. IUEA will host the 12 round fight in its 1,600 seater auditorium. The auditorium is part of an over sh60m offer towards boxer Kiwanuka’s upcoming fight.
IUEA’s package includes a 1600 seater modern auditorium, the fight’s sanction fees, fight publicity on top of giving Kiwanuka an IUEA scholarship.
The fight will be telecast live by Urban television and will also be covered across all Vision Group’s platforms. A win for Kiwanuka will boost his chances of making it into the top 15 rankings of major world boxing bodies.


TooDue is a beautifully designed to-do list app for your browser to manage all your due tasks and get stuff done. TooDue is here to help you tick off all your personal and professional to-dos.
Know More
Add, Delete, Prioritize Your Tasks


Kite creates a personal digital identity in Blockchain's decentralized network that absolutely no one is able to manipulate.
We allow friction-less Login and Sign-up to your favourite sites. No more dull registration procedures or password headaches!
Integration to your website is as simple as sending RESTful requests! We take care of the rest. Clear and exhaustive documentation.
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This chapter groups macros (which are also available as subroutines) to classify characters into several categories (alphabetic, numeric, control characters, whitespace, and so on), or to perform simple character mappings.
The header file ctype.h defines the macros.


September 17, 36 AC (2009)
Dear Brother Cook,
I am happy to have indeed received your two identical letters of 9/2/09 today which is the first correspondence I have received from you since the mail ban was lifted on August 19Th. As I know that you are very anxious to hear back from me, I will keep this letter relatively brief.
I appreciate all of your kind, loyal words and take them very much to heart. My lawyer had told me that you had been in contact with him and that pleased me as well. We have been working diligently to obtain my deserved and long overdue vindication. We must be determined but calm and obey all laws and rules as we proceed towards resolution. This has been a long ordeal but as you say , it should be ending soon.
I close for now and look forward to your confirmation that you duly received this letter.
For Our Folk,
Matt Hale
"Perseverance and spirit have done wonders in all ages''
-George Washington


About increasing maxconnections:
Bitcoin by default will not make more than 8 outgoing connections, and -maxconnections only controls how many incoming connections you allow. Feel free to set this higher, but it will take time before others connect to you in large numbers.
Please don't change this, as there is no need. Connectable peers on the network are a scarce resource, and essential to the decentralization. If people go try connect to all of them like some sites do, we'll very quickly run out.
In case you're a merchant or miner, you perhaps want to set up a few fixed connections to trusted others (see the -addnode command line/config option), but having more connections does not mean stronger verification (the reference client always verifies everything) or even faster relaying (as you'll slow down by distributing new blocks and transactions to all your peers). It is mostly a matter of providing a service to the network.
shareimprove this answer
edited Apr 10 '17 at 6:10
answered Mar 5 '13 at 10:27
Pieter Wuille
48k3100162


I am a recent graduate from Penn State University (WE ARE) . I have full stack experience gained from internships and my current role as a software engineer. I, along with 4 other Penn State alumni, own the company Slanted Semicolon LLC.
I have professional experience with .NET Core 2.0 Web API's with SQL Server Connections via third party ORMs (NPoco Specifically). I maintain and develop personal projects on the side, constantly using the newest technologies available. My different projects and Github account can be found below. I use Microsoft Azure currently to host my .NET related entities such as my SQL Database and Web API. I enjoy learning new front-end languages and frameworks, currently I am learning VueJS with Axios to make calls to my external API with authentication.
This site is open source and can be found on my Github page as well. I created this site using the basic HTML and bootstrap for styling. My other projects, where I utilize different frameworks, can be viewed on my github page. Along with development experience I also have experience in consulting and troubleshooting problems either in code or devices, due to my previous work as a Computer Technician at Penn State for 2 years.
Use modern frameworks like Bootstrap to provide nicely laid out sites.
Work with SQL Server Databases as well as NoSQL Databases such as MongoDB and Redis
Implement and Utilize frameworks such as Vue, Angular2, and ExtReact(Sencha)
Deploy .NET Core 2.0 Web APIs. Use of PHP and Java through college course work
If you'd like to get in contact with me, shoot me an email or give me a call!


Valerii Samoilenko
Résumé
— Hello! I'm a Civil Engineer with 10 years of experience working in Ukraine and recently Latvia and Estonia. I have a lot of experience working with AutoCAD (Revit and Tekla in structural engineering, good knowledge of calculations steel and reinforcement concrete, proficient MS Office skills and excellent PC skills in general.
Experience
Now
Structural Engineer at ORIGIN, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Sep 2020 - PresentWork remotely with the building company in USA (California rigor). Design and calculation of reinforced concrete and steel structures according to ASCE documentation. Modeling and making drawings in Revit, Tekla Structures.
Recent
Civil Engineer at INNOPOLIS ENGINEERING, Tallinn, Estonia, Sep 2019 - Aug 2020Design and calculation of reinforced concrete and steel structures according to Eurocode. Modeling and making drawings in Tekla Structures.
Back then
Structural Engineer at REM PRO, Daugavpils, Latvia, Apr 2019 - Aug 2019Inspection of the technical condition of buildings and structures. Designing of projects for the reconstruction of buildings and structures.
Independent engineering contractor, Ukraine, Apr 2014 - Mar 2019Steel, brick, wooden and reinforced concrete structure design (calculations and drawings) for single and multi-story buildings. Projects for companies PolymerStalKonstrukciya, DniproAgroProject, KhmelnytskStroyProekt, SunCity.
Engineer at DniproAgroProject, Dnipro, Ukraine, Jun 2011 - Apr 2014Design of large fruit storage facilities, warehouses and production factories. Inspection of the technical condition of buildings and structures.
Languages
Skills
Character
Likes😃
Dislikes😞
Wants🥺
Education
Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Dnipro, Ukraine
Master’s Degree in Civil Engineering, 2005 - 2010
Articles
None published yet


Before Change
Returns:
A dict from feature names to FixedLenFeature/SparseFeature/VarLenFeature.
return self.transformed_metadata.schema.as_feature_spec()
def vocabulary_file_by_name(self, vocab_filename):
Returns the vocabulary file path created in the preprocessing function.
After Change
Returns:
A dict from feature names to FixedLenFeature/SparseFeature/VarLenFeature.
return schema_utils.schema_as_feature_spec(
self.transformed_metadata.schema).feature_spec
def transformed_domains(self):
Returns domains for the transformed features.


This is a demo of AjaxContactForm.
You can find some documentation at https://github.com/Gix075/ajax-contact-form/wiki
To use this demo you need to configure the contact form customizing the following files: acf-demo.js and ajax-contact-form/php/config.php
Before using this tool you must obtain public and private keys for the Google Recaptcha.
You can find keys at https://www.google.com/recaptcha/


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Magic Trader Cema:
Collectors are dwarves who specialize in gathering rare goods. Most collectors are Bounty Hunters who belong to the Gold Key Guild.
But I found out that the two dwarves that I've hired are only known for their laziness and cunning, even among collectors. I blame myself, for trusting dwarves with important work in the first place... Sigh...


The following demo searches my personal tweet archive (1916 tweets through August 5, 2015). Be sure to build the index first!


XACC Plugins¶
Rigetti¶
Rigetti Computing, Inc (rigetti.com) is a recently founded startup that is focused on developing quantum computing hardware and software and bring it to market. They are working to build a cloud quantum computing platform for AI and computational chemistry. They currently have a QVM simulation server that can be accessed via a REST API with a private API key. Rigetti has also done great work as of late in providing open source programming tools for interfacing with their QVM - specifically, the PyQuil python framework PyQuil.
Recently, the ORNL QCI (quantum.ornl.gov), the XACC project, and the Software and Applications Team from Rigetti have begun collaborating in an effort to expose the Rigetti QVM server and programming tools to XACC and its user community. This article describes the results of that work - specifically, a new XACC Accelerator implementation that executes quantum kernels on the Rigetti QVM server. For a more hands-on tutorial on how to use XACC and the Rigetti Accelerator, check out Rigetti Tutorial).
RigettiAccelerator¶
The RigettiAccelerator is an implementation or realization of the pluggable XACC Accelerator interface. The RigettAccelerator class architecture diagram is shown in Figure 1. The RigettiAccelerator’s implementation of the Accelerator::execute() method is charged with two primary tasks: (1) the translation of the XACC IR to an equivalent Quil string, and (2) constructing and executing an appropriate HTTPS Post on the Rigetti QVM server. The only remaining thing to do once those two tasks are complete is to processes the resultant response from the server.
Mapping XACC IR to Quil¶
Basically,
at its core, the XACC IR provides a tree-like, in-memory representation and API for a
compiled quantum kernel. The leaves of this tree are XACC Instructions and the nodes
of the tree are XACC Functions, which are composed of further child Instructions. The
XACC Quantum IR implementation provides a number of standard gate Instruction implementations
(Hadamard, CNOT, rotations, etc…) These serve as the leaves of the IR tree. These
instruction implementations know nothing of the Quil intermediate language and it would be tedious
and a poor design decision to to update the entire XACC Quantum IR package (we would have to do the
same for any and all current and future low-level languages). So XACC employs a common
software engineering design pattern to enable this XACC IR to Quil mapping: the
visitor pattern, which provides a mechansim for adding new operations to an
existing object without modifying the design of that object (Visitor Pattern). For each derived gate Instruction, a Visitor class implements a
corresponding `visit`
method (`visit(Hadamard& h)`
, etc…). All gate instructions have the
ability to accept an incoming Visitor, and upon doing so, invoke the `visit`
method that
corresponds to their type, thus giving the Visitor type information for the Gate Instruction.
Therefore, mapping to Quil simply involves walking the IR tree, and telling each Instruction to
accept the visitor:
auto visitor = std::make_shared<QuilVisitor>();
InstructionIterator it(kernel);
while (it.hasNext()) {
// Get the next node in the tree
auto nextInst = it.next();
if (nextInst->isEnabled()) nextInst->accept(visitor);
}
auto quilStr = visitor->getQuilString();
The visitor implementation is known as the QuilVisitor, and its visit methods look like this (Hadamard for example):
void visit(Hadamard& h) {
quilStr += "H " + std::to_string(h.bits()[0]) + "\n";
}
or for a more complicated gate Instruction:
void visit(ConditionalFunction& c) {
auto visitor = std::make_shared<QuilVisitor>();
auto classicalBitIdx = qubitToClassicalBitIndex[c.getConditionalQubit()]; // populated in visit(Measure)
quilStr += "JUMP-UNLESS @" + c.getName() + " [" + std::to_string(classicalBitIdx) + "]\n";
for (auto inst : c.getInstructions()) {
inst->accept(visitor);
}
quilStr += visitor->getQuilString();
quilStr += "LABEL @" + c.getName() + "\n";
}
After walking the IR tree, the Quil representation is produced with a call to getQuilString().
Executing Quil code on Rigetti QVM¶
With the XACC IR mapped to Quil, the RigettiAccelerator is ready to execute on the Rigetti QVM. The main task here is to construct the proper JSON payload string that contains information about the type of the execution, the classical memory address indices, and the Quil instructions string. The types of execution that the QVM allows are multishot, multishot-measure, wavefunction, and expectation. In this work, we have primarily focused on the multishot method. If the execution type is multishot, then we can provide a further JSON key that is an integer that gives the number of executions of the Quil code to run.
IBM¶
D-Wave¶
Scaffold¶
TNQVM¶
Python —— -


Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine Class Reference
Parallel depth-first search engine More...
#include <engine.hh>
Classes | |
| class | Worker |
| Parallel depth-first search worker More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| const Options & | opt (void) const |
| Provide access to search options. | |
| unsigned int | workers (void) const |
| Return number of workers. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| const Options | _opt |
| Search options. | |
Commands from engine to workers and wait management | |
|
| |
| enum | Cmd { C_WORK, C_WAIT, C_RESET, C_TERMINATE } |
Commands from engine to workers. More... | |
| volatile Cmd | _cmd |
| The current command. | |
| Support::Mutex | _m_wait |
| Mutex for forcing workers to wait. | |
| Cmd | cmd (void) const |
| Return current command. | |
| void | block (void) |
| Block all workers. | |
| void | release (Cmd c) |
| Release all workers. | |
| void | wait (void) |
| Ensure that worker waits. | |
Termination control | |
|
| |
| Support::Mutex | _m_term |
| Mutex for access to termination information. | |
| volatile unsigned int | _n_term_not_ack |
| Number of workers that have not yet acknowledged termination. | |
| Support::Event | _e_term_ack |
| Event for termination acknowledgment. | |
| Support::Mutex | _m_wait_terminate |
| Mutex for waiting for termination. | |
| volatile unsigned int | _n_not_terminated |
| Number of not yet terminated workers. | |
| Support::Event | _e_terminate |
| Event for termination (all threads have terminated). | |
| void | ack_terminate (void) |
| For worker to acknowledge termination command. | |
| void | terminated (void) |
| For worker to register termination. | |
| void | wait_terminate (void) |
| For worker to wait until termination is legal. | |
| void | terminate (void) |
| For engine to peform thread termination. | |
Reset control | |
|
| |
| Support::Mutex | _m_reset |
| Mutex for access to reset information. | |
| volatile unsigned int | _n_reset_not_ack |
| Number of workers that have not yet acknowledged reset. | |
| Support::Event | e_reset_ack_start |
| Event for reset acknowledgment started. | |
| Support::Event | e_reset_ack_stop |
| Event for reset acknowledgment stopped. | |
| Support::Mutex | m_wait_reset |
| Mutex for waiting for reset. | |
| void | ack_reset_start (void) |
| For worker to acknowledge start of reset cycle. | |
| void | ack_reset_stop (void) |
| For worker to acknowledge stop of reset cycle. | |
| void | wait_reset (void) |
| For worker to wait for all workers to reset. | |
Search control | |
|
| |
| Support::Mutex | m_search |
| Mutex for search. | |
| Support::Event | e_search |
| Event for search (solution found, no more solutions, search stopped). | |
| Support::DynamicQueue< Space *, Heap > | solutions |
| Queue of solutions. | |
| volatile unsigned int | n_busy |
| Number of busy workers. | |
| volatile bool | has_stopped |
| Whether a worker had been stopped. | |
| void | idle (void) |
| Report that worker is idle. | |
| void | busy (void) |
| Report that worker is busy. | |
| void | stop (void) |
| Report that worker has been stopped. | |
| bool | signal (void) const |
| Whether search state changed such that signal is needed. | |
Engine interface | |
|
| |
| Engine (const Options &o) | |
| Initialize with options o. | |
| virtual Space * | next (void) |
| Return next solution (NULL, if none exists or search has been stopped). | |
| virtual bool | stopped (void) const |
| Check whether engine has been stopped. |
Detailed Description
Parallel depth-first search engine
Definition at line 49 of file engine.hh.
Member Enumeration Documentation
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::Engine | ( | const Options & | o | ) | [inline] |
Member Function Documentation
| const Options & Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::opt | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| unsigned int Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::workers | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| Engine::Cmd Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::cmd | ( | void | ) | const [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::block | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::release | ( | Cmd | c | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::wait | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::ack_terminate | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::terminated | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::wait_terminate | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::terminate | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::ack_reset_start | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::ack_reset_stop | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::wait_reset | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| bool Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::signal | ( | void | ) | const [inline, protected] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::idle | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::busy | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| void Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::stop | ( | void | ) | [inline] |
| Space * Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::next | ( | void | ) | [virtual] |
Return next solution (NULL, if none exists or search has been stopped).
Implements Gecode::Search::Engine.
Definition at line 50 of file engine.cpp.
| bool Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::stopped | ( | void | ) | const [virtual] |
Check whether engine has been stopped.
Implements Gecode::Search::Engine.
Definition at line 101 of file engine.cpp.
Member Data Documentation
const Options Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::_opt [protected] |
volatile Cmd Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::_cmd [protected] |
volatile unsigned int Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::_n_term_not_ack [protected] |
volatile unsigned int Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::_n_not_terminated [protected] |
volatile unsigned int Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::_n_reset_not_ack [protected] |
volatile unsigned int Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::n_busy [protected] |
volatile bool Gecode::Search::Parallel::Engine::has_stopped [protected] |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- gecode/search/parallel/engine.hh (Revision: 14471)
- gecode/search/parallel/engine.cpp (Revision: 13823)


| School Code | {{element.SCHOOL_CODE}} | School Name | {{element.SCHOOL_NAME}} | School State | {{element.SCHOOL_ADDRESS}} | School City | {{element.SCHOOL_CITY}} | School Coordinator | {{element.SCHOOL_COORDINATOR}} | Coordinator Phone No | {{element.SCHOOL_PHONE_NUMBER}} | Coordinator Email | {{element.SCHOOL_PHONE_EMAIL}} | Total School | {{element.TOTAL_SCHOOL_COUNT}} | Total Subject | {{element.TOTAL_SUBJECT_COUNT}} |
|---|


Hungary, Poland, Romania were the first Soviet bloc countries to receive foreign aid in early 1980s, which conflicts with communist ideology.
The beginning of the collapse of the Communist Regimes in the Soviet bloc countries of Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia saw these countries receive aid for the first time in 1989. Soviet bloc countries continue to soley receive aid from 1995 to 2006.
It is interesting to note that the start of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis coincided with the time period when many countries went from being receivers to donors: Czech Republic, Hungary, Korea, Qatar, Taiwan, Slovakia. Since 2011, Poland, Slovenia, UAE joined this group of countries.
Percentage change in given donation amounts do not vary much over the years per country.
The slowdown of Japanese economy saw aid given by Japan diminish for the first time in early 2000s.
Germany’s willingness to continue giving large amounts of aid was undermined by the financial, economic, and political costs of reunification.
Percentage change in in aid amount received by specific countries over the years were more obvious.
After initial injection of aid to Czech Republic, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, these countries saw a slight drop in the amount of aid in the late 1990s. Reductions in aid could be driven by the disappearance of an important motive for aid: an instrument for fighting communism.
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AID
DONORS AND RECIPIENTS
1973-2013
In many countries the increasing burden of foreign debt suggests that new aid, particularly loans, would only compound the problem. An ideology of international political economy that privileges private capital flows and trade over aid is becoming increasingly influential, shifting responsibility for development to the developing and transition economies themselves.
AidData maintains the most comprehensive project-level database tracking international development finance and have publically released the data. This visualization is based on data of bilateral development aid between 1973 and 2013 collected by AidData. It aims to answer questions on how country-to-country aid flows have changed over time and serves as an exploration tool of donations distributed across countries.
Press Start to begin the story, or click the circles to jump into the intermediary views.
42 donors committed $367 Billion in country to country aid. While over half of the 42 donors are in Europe, United States and Japan accounted for over half of the $367 Billion aid. India is the biggest recipient of aid.
How are donations distributed across countries? Select a donor or
recipient country from the dropdown or click one on the map to explore. To filter by year, select a year from the dropdown or scrub your mouse over the timeline chart. Top 5 donor countries are highlighted on the map.
Overall growth of development aid has slowed down since early 2000s. Most countries swing heavily in a direction, either as a net donor or recipient country through decades as shown by the strong colors of the bubbles.


The Emerald City of Oz
by L. Frank Baum
Chapter 28: “How They Drank at the Forbidden Fountain”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1910
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Baum, L. F. (1910). The Emerald City of Oz. Chicago, IL: Reilly and Britton.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.0
- Word Count: 1,711
- Genre: Fantasy
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
The Scarecrow had no need to sleep; neither had the Tin Woodman or Tik-Tok or Jack Pumpkinhead. So they all wandered out into the palace grounds and stood beside the sparkling water of the Forbidden Fountain until daybreak. During this time they indulged in occasional conversation.
“Nothing could make me forget what I know,” remarked the Scarecrow, gazing into the fountain, “for I cannot drink the Water of Oblivion or water of any kind. And I am glad that this is so, for I consider my wisdom unexcelled.”
“You are cer-tain-ly ve-ry wise,” agreed Tik-Tok. “For my part, I can on-ly think by ma-chin-er-y, so I do not pre-tend to know as much as you do.”
“My tin brains are very bright, but that is all I claim for them,” said Nick Chopper, modestly. “Yet I do not aspire to being very wise, for I have noticed that the happiest people are those who do not let their brains oppress them.”
“Mine never worry me,” Jack Pumpkinhead acknowledged. “There are many seeds of thought in my head, but they do not sprout easily. I am glad that it is so, for if I occupied my days in thinking I should have no time for anything else.”
In this cheery mood they passed the hours until the first golden streaks of dawn appeared in the sky. Then Ozma joined them, as fresh and lovely as ever and robed in one of her prettiest gowns.
“Our enemies have not yet arrived,” said the Scarecrow, after greeting affectionately the sweet and girlish Ruler.
“They will soon be here,” she said, “for I have just glanced at my Magic Picture, and have seen them coughing and choking with the dust in the tunnel.”
“Oh, is there dust in the tunnel?” asked the Tin Woodman.
“Yes; Ozma placed it there by means of the Magic Belt,” explained the Scarecrow, with one of his broad smiles.
Then Dorothy came to them, Uncle Henry and Aunt Em following close after her. The little girl’s eyes were heavy because she had had a sleepless and anxious night. Toto walked by her side, but the little dog’s spirits were very much subdued. Billina, who was always up by daybreak, was not long in joining the group by the fountain.
The Wizard and the Shaggy Man next arrived, and soon after appeared Omby Amby, dressed in his best uniform.
“There lies the tunnel,” said Ozma, pointing to a part of the ground just before the Forbidden Fountain, “and in a few moments the dreadful invaders will break through the earth and swarm over the land. Let us all stand on the other side of the Fountain and watch to see what happens.”
At once they followed her suggestion and moved around the fountain of the Water of Oblivion. There they stood silent and expectant until the earth beyond gave way with a sudden crash and up leaped the powerful form of the First and Foremost, followed by all his grim warriors.
As the leader sprang forward his gleaming eyes caught the play of the fountain and he rushed toward it and drank eagerly of the sparkling water. Many of the other Phanfasms drank, too, in order to clear their dry and dusty throats. Then they stood around and looked at one another with simple, wondering smiles.
The First and Foremost saw Ozma and her companions beyond the fountain, but instead of making an effort to capture her he merely stared at her in pleased admiration of her beauty—for he had forgotten where he was and why he had come there.
But now the Grand Gallipoot arrived, rushing from the tunnel with a hoarse cry of mingled rage and thirst. He too saw the fountain and hastened to drink of its forbidden waters. The other Growleywogs were not slow to follow suit, and even before they had finished drinking the Chief of the Whimsies and his people came to push them away, while they one and all cast off their false heads that they might slake their thirst at the fountain.
When the Nome King and General Guph arrived they both made a dash to drink, but the General was so mad with thirst that he knocked his King over, and while Roquat lay sprawling upon the ground the General drank heartily of the Water of Oblivion.
This rude act of his General made the Nome King so angry that for a moment he forgot he was thirsty and rose to his feet to glare upon the group of terrible warriors he had brought here to assist him. He saw Ozma and her people, too, and yelled out:
“Why don’t you capture them?  Why do you stand there like a lot of dummies?”
But the great warriors had become like little children. They had forgotten all their enmity against Ozma and against Oz. They had even forgotten who they themselves were, or why they were in this strange and beautiful country. As for the Nome King, they did not recognize him, and wondered who he was.
The sun came up and sent its flood of silver rays to light the faces of the invaders. The frowns and scowls and evil looks were all gone. Even the most monstrous of the creatures there assembled smiled innocently and seemed light-hearted and content merely to be alive.
Not so with Roquat, the Nome King. He had not drunk from the Forbidden Fountain and all his former rage against Ozma and Dorothy now inflamed him as fiercely as ever. The sight of General Guph babbling like a happy child and playing with his hands in the cool waters of the fountain astonished and maddened Red Roquat. Seeing that his terrible allies and his own General refused to act, the Nome King turned to order his great army of Nomes to advance from the tunnel and seize the helpless Oz people.
But the Scarecrow suspected what was in the King’s mind and spoke a word to the Tin Woodman. Together they ran at Roquat and grabbing him up tossed him into the great basin of the fountain.
The Nome King’s body was round as a ball, and it bobbed up and down in the Water of Oblivion while he spluttered and screamed with fear lest he should drown. And when he cried out, his mouth filled with water, which ran down his throat, so that straightway he forgot all he had formerly known just as completely as had all the other invaders.
Ozma and Dorothy could not refrain from laughing to see their dreaded enemies become as harmless as babies. There was no danger now that Oz would be destroyed. The only question remaining to solve was how to get rid of this horde of intruders.
The Shaggy Man kindly pulled the Nome King out of the fountain and set him upon his thin legs. Roquat was dripping wet, but he chattered and laughed and wanted to drink more of the water. No thought of injuring any person was now in his mind.
Before he left the tunnel he had commanded his fifty thousand Nomes to remain there until he ordered them to advance, as he wished to give his allies time to conquer Oz before he appeared with his own army. Ozma did not wish all these Nomes to overrun her land, so she advanced to King Roquat and taking his hand in her own said gently:
“Who are you? What is your name?”
“I don’t know,” he replied, smiling at her. “Who are you, my dear?”
“My name is Ozma,” she said; “and your name is Roquat.”
“Oh, is it?” he replied, seeming pleased.
“Yes; you are King of the Nomes,” she said.
“Ah; I wonder what the Nomes are!” returned the King, as if puzzled.
“They are underground elves, and that tunnel over there is full of them,” she answered. “You have a beautiful cavern at the other end of the tunnel, so you must go to your Nomes and say: ‘March home!’ Then follow after them and in time you will reach the pretty cavern where you live.”
The Nome King was much pleased to learn this, for he had forgotten he had a cavern. So he went to the tunnel and said to his army: ‘March home!’ At once the Nomes turned and marched back through the tunnel, and the King followed after them, laughing with delight to find his orders so readily obeyed.
The Wizard went to General Guph, who was trying to count his fingers, and told him to follow the Nome King, who was his master. Guph meekly obeyed, and so all the Nomes quitted the Land of Oz forever.
But there were still the Phanfasms and Whimsies and Growleywogs standing around in groups, and they were so many that they filled the gardens and trampled upon the flowers and grass because they did not know that the tender plants would be injured by their clumsy feet. But in all other respects they were perfectly harmless and played together like children or gazed with pleasure upon the pretty sights of the royal gardens.
After counseling with the Scarecrow Ozma sent Omby Amby to the palace for the Magic Belt, and when the Captain General returned with it the Ruler of Oz at once clasped the precious Belt around her waist.
“I wish all these strange people—the Whimsies and the Growleywogs and the Phanfasms—safe back in their own homes!” she said.
It all happened in a twinkling, for of course the wish was no sooner spoken than it was granted.
All the hosts of the invaders were gone, and only the trampled grass showed that they had ever been in the Land of Oz.‘


At WeBuild Tools, the software delivery workflow is critical to our success as we are invested in the software as much our customers. Having an efficient workflow ensures that we are able to deliver effective software with predictable outcomes. You can expect the following sequence of events to happen once you get in touch with us.
Touchbase
We get in touch with you. You've told about yourself and the problem you are trying to solve. We are excited to get started on this journey!
| Activity | Outcome |
|---|---|
| Analyse if there are any off the shelf products that you can use to solve the problem. | List of alternative tools. |
| Analyse if there are other people who require the same solution. | Potential market base. |
Fist Bump
We've analysed your problem statement and like your idea. We want to build your solution.
| Activity | Outcome |
|---|---|
| 1 hour video conference sessions | Understand solution and agree on a minimum viable product |
| Build Trello board | Stories for development |
Iterate
We understand your solution and ironed out an MVP. Our dev team get cracking on the code.
| Activity | Outcome |
|---|---|
| Iteration 1,2,3 with showcases | MVP |
Validate
We've built you a working product and super excited to get feedback from you about it.
| Activity | Outcome |
|---|---|
| Tool Usage | Feedback |
| Build SaaS components | SaaS tool which can be used by other customers. |


You are not a Trooper, and I only teach Troopers.


The Standard C++ Locale
A version of the following article has been published in Dr. Dobb's Journal.
by Nathan C. Myers
<http://www.cantrip.org/>
When your users' language matches your own, it is not hard to make your programs use it correctly in menus, dates, messages, and sorted lists.  The market for your code becomes immensely larger if it can accommodate their needs, too.
The description of where your program is running, and of your user's preferences, is called its locale. Keeping the locale separate from the program code so that it can be changed easily is called internationalization. In C the locale describes only what is common to an entire country, but the C++ locale is more flexible.
In supporting internationalization, the C++ Standard Library confronts many challenges. Your server programs may have many clients around the world, so the standard library must support more than one locale per program. You use (or will soon use) multi-threading, so it must be re-entrant. The ways your users' cultures and preferences differ are unlimited, so it must be extensible. Because you may not (yet) care about locales, it must be ignorable. Finally, because it is standard, it must be efficient, easy, and safe to use.
The answer in the Standard C++ library to all these requirements uses the full power of the language, including new standard features not yet implemented in all compilers. This article suggests how the C++ locale library may be used. It also shows how it might be implemented, so you can use the same techniques in your own programs.
A locale in the C (not C++) standard describes a character encoding (with sorting rules) and the formats for a few value types: numbers, dates, money. These represent only the edge of a vast continent of real cultural and personal choices; others commonly expressed include time zone, measurement system, paper size, window colors and fonts, citizenship, letterhead, e-mail address, sex, and shoe size. No standard or standards can list all your preferences. The C++ standard only provides (as examples) those categories found in the traditional C locale libraries--but you can extend it.
The key to understanding the C++ locale library is the facet. A facet, informally, is a class interface for a service that may be obtained from a locale object. For example, the Standard C++ library facet num_put<> formats numeric values, and collate<> provides an ordering for string values. A facet is also an object contained in a locale. Each locale object contains a set of facet objects to provide these services.
The C++ locale is a simple object that can be (efficiently) passed around, copied, and assigned just like any built-in value. Functions that take a locale argument can declare a default argument value, locale(), which is a copy of the current global locale; this allows you to omit the argument and get reasonable behavior. Each iostream instance keeps a locale object on hand, for use by the operators >> and <<. These measures give the locale facilities a low profile so they won't intrude where their more powerful features are not needed.
How does this look, in code? Example 1 is a simple Date class.
// file: date.h #include <iosfwd> // for istream, ostream #include <ctime> // for struct tm namespace ChronLib { class Date { long day; // days since 1752-09-14 public: enum Month { jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jul, aug, sep, oct, nov, dec }; Date(int year, Month month, int day); void asCLibTime(struct std::tm*) const; }; std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, Date const& date); std::istream& operator>> (std::istream& is, Date& date); }
Don't let the "std::" namespace notation throw you; all the library components of Standard C++ are members of the namespace std. The new standard headers <iosfwd> and <ctime> declare the standard names used in the example, and the "::" notation gives access to those members.
Nothing about locales or facets is visible here; just a constructor, stream operators, and a single member function, asCLibTime(), which fills a Standard C library struct tm for communication with other libraries. (See your strftime() manual page for more information about struct tm.) Thus, you don't need to know anything about locales to be able to use class Date.
The formats your users expect to see for dates vary all over the map. If you coded a format into operators >> and <<, you would leave most of your potential users dissatisfied. Instead, when you write those operators, you can delegate the formatting to the locale object kept by the stream. This will be demonstrated in example 3.
How can your users control the format produced by an operator<< that uses locales? Example 2 may be the simplest possible example.
#include <iostream> /* for cout */ #include <locale> /* for locale */ #include "date.h" int main() { using namespace std; using ChronLib::Date; cout.imbue( locale("") ); cout << Date(1942, Date::dec, 7) << endl; return 0; }
The new standard headers, <iostream> and <locale>, declare the names std::locale, std::cout, and std::endl, used here, and "date.h" has the declarations from Example 1. The line that begins with "using" lets you leave the "std::" off standard names used later in the function.
The constructor call locale("") creates a locale object that represents the user's preferences. The standard doesn't say what this means, but on many systems the library substitutes whatever is found in an environment variable (often LANG or LC_ALL) in place of the empty string. A common name for the American locale, for example, is "en_US". (On POSIX systems you can type "locale -a" to list the names of supported locales.)
The call to cout.imbue() installs the newly constructed locale in the ostream cout, for use by the various operators <<. The next line uses Date's operator<< (declared in Example 1) which delegates the work to a facet of the locale that it obtains from cout.
To use a facet of a locale, you call the Standard C++ library global function template use_facet<>(), found in the standard header <locale>. Figure 1 shows its declaration.
namespace std { template <class Facet> Facet const& use_facet(locale const& loc); };
For a facet class Stats with a member function shoeSize(), for example, and a locale object named loc, a call would look like:
use_facet<Stats>(loc).shoeSize();
This syntax for calling a function template, where you supply the template parameter explicitly instead of the compiler deducing it from one of the arguments, is not implemented in all compilers yet; it is called "explicit template function qualification". It resembles the syntax for the new cast expressions, such as dynamic_cast<>, and in fact use_facet<>() acts as a safe cast. In the example above, the resulting reference is used immediately to call the member function Stats::shoeSize() on the instance of Stats stored in the locale object loc.
Example 3 is a complete implementation of Date::operator<<. It uses the standard facet time_put<char>.
// date_insert.C #include <ctime> /* for struct tm */ #include <ostream> /* for ostream */ #include <locale> #include "date.h" namespace ChronLib { std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Date const& date) { using namespace std; ostream::sentry cerberus(os); //1 if (!bool(cerberus)) return os; //2 struct tm tmbuf; date.asCLibTm(&tmbuf); //3 time_put<char> const& timeFacet = use_facet< time_put<char> >( os.getloc() ); //4 if (timeFacet.put( os,os,os.fill(),&tmbuf,'x').failed()) //5 os.setstate(os.badbit); return os; //6 } }
A lot is going on here. The lines marked //1 and //2 create and check a standard "ostream::sentry" object. (This is a new class in the standard iostream library; its constructor prepares the ostream for output. In a multi-threaded environment it might lock the stream.) Line //3 fills in the local struct variable tmbuf with the components of the date argument.
The interesting part follows: In line //4, os.getloc() obtains the locale object kept by the ostream argument os, and the call to use_facet<>() gets a reference to the standard facet time_put<char> in that locale. In line //5, the call to time_put<char>::put actually writes the characters out to the stream os and returns a value to report any errors. (Ignore the arguments to put, for now.) Line //6 destroys the locale::sentry object (perhaps unlocking the stream) and returns the stream os.
Reflect on what this means. The header "date.h" didn't mention locales, but because of this code hidden in operator>>, a couple of lines in main() let you format dates appropriately for users anywhere in the world. (Without those lines in main(), you get the default "C" locale behavior.)
The standard facets are designed so you can derive from them to get finer control of locale behavior. Such a derived facet inherits the interface of the base facet, but you can override its virtual members to change its behavior.
Derivation is not the only way you can extend a locale. You can make your own facet, and construct a locale to hold it. Example 4 is the sample Stats facet mentioned earlier.
// stats.h #include <locale> class Stats : public std::locale::facet { public: static std::locale::id id; Stats(int ss) : shoeSize_(ss) {} int shoeSize() const { return shoeSize_; } private: Stats(Stats&); // not defined: void operator=(Stats&); // not defined: int shoeSize_; }; // stats.C #include "stats.h" std::locale::id Stats::id;
What makes the class Stats a facet? It's derived from locale::facet, it has a public static member named id of type locale::id, and its member functions are declared const. That's all. It does not need a default constructor, copy constructor, or assignment operator. (They are declared here so that anybody who tries to use them will get a compiler error.)
A facet class instance is only useful as part of a locale. Example 5 shows one way to install a facet instance as part of a locale.
locale aLocale( locale(), new Stats(48) ); int s = use_facet<Stats>(aLocale).shoeSize();
The first statement constructs a locale object named aLocale as a copy of the current global locale, with the addition of a newly created Stats facet. (In a real program you would probably get the Stats constructor argument from a file.) It uses one of the locale class's template constructors (see figure 5), which deduces the facet type from the pointer argument. (Support for template constructors, as for other member templates, is a recent addition to the language, and is not yet implemented in all compilers.) The locale takes ownership of the facet object, so that you never need to delete it, and its memory can't leak. The second statement demonstrates using it, as in the earlier examples.
Facets are most useful if they are standard, so that you can use them without preparing, or making your users prepare, data files for every language. The most useful of any new facets you invent can be published and standardized, independently of the C++ Standard; then the data files for each language can be collected and posted on the internet for use by anyone's programs.
How does all this work? It can all be implemented in ordinary C++. You can use the same techniques in your own programs.
First, the locale object itself is efficient to copy and assign because it really contains only a pointer, as in Figure 2.
class locale { public: class facet; class id; ~locale() { if (imp_->refs_-- == 0) delete imp_; } locale() : imp_(__global_imp) { ++imp_->refs_; } locale(locale const& other) : imp_(other.imp_) { ++imp_->refs_; } template <class Facet> locale(locale const& other, Facet* f); explicit locale(char const* name); // other constructors locale& operator=(locale const& l); template <class Facet> friend Facet const& use_facet(locale const&); private: struct imp { size_t refs_; vector<facet*> facets_; imp(const imp&); ~imp(); }; imp* imp_; };
(Only the members used in examples above are listed here.) The only non-const member function is assignment, so all copies can share the same "implementation vector", pointed to by member imp_. The copy constructor copies imp_ and bumps the reference count; the default constructor copies a pointer to a global instance, the same way. (This definition uses one new language feature not mentioned yet: the constructor from "char const *" is declared "explicit" so the compiler will not use it as an implicit conversion.)
The facet base class, locale::facet, shown in Figure 3, is also reference-counted.
class locale::facet { friend class locale; friend class locale::imp; size_t refs_; protected: explicit facet(int refs = 0); virtual ~facet(); };
It has a virtual destructor so that when the count goes to zero, the locale can safely destroy an instance of any class derived from it. (This definition depends on another recent language feature: a nested class can now be defined outside the containing class.)
Note that the examples here follow the convention that a reference count value of zero implies a single reference. This gives any static instances an initial use count of one before any static constructors have been executed. This property is often useful, though it is not actually used in the code presented here.
The only tricky bit is in the class locale::id, in Figure 4.
class locale::id { friend class locale; size_t index_; static size_t mark_; };
Recall that each facet type contains a static member of type locale::id. Thus, there is one static instance per facet type. The default constructor id() (carefully) does not initialize the member index_. Because "static constructors" are called at times that are (for most practical purposes) random, they may be called after the value has already been used, so it is essential that initialization not depend on a constructor. The members of each static instance are reliably set to zero by the program loader, and remain zero until they are set to something else. When does the member index_ get set?
Figure 5 shows the definition of the locale template constructor used back in Example 5.
template <class Facet> locale::locale( locale const& other, Facet* f) { imp_ = new imp(*other.imp_); imp_->refs_ = 0; // one reference size_t& index = Facet::id.index_; if (!index) index = ++Facet::id.mark_; if (index >= imp_->facets_.size()) imp_->facets_.resize(index+1); ++f->facet::refs_; facet*& fpr = imp_->facets_[index]; if (fpr) --fpr->refs_; fpr = f; }
The constructor begins by copying the implementation vector from other, which increments all the facet reference counts. Then it sets Facet::id.index_ to assign the facet an identity if it has none yet, and (if necessary) grows the new vector to fit. Finally, it installs the new facet, being careful to keep the reference counts right. Thus, the id::index_ member is zero until it is actually used, and it is considered used only when a locale object exists which contains the facet that owns it. (This code is not thread-safe; the thread-safe version would be a bit harder to read, but otherwise similar.)
Notice that this template constructor, and use_facet<>(), can be instantiated only if the Facet parameter really qualifies as a facet in every way; otherwise, you get a compile or link error. Hence, the library enforces its own interface requirements.
The template use_facet, declared in Figure 1 and called in several of the examples, is (finally) defined in Figure 6.
template <class Facet> inline Facet const& use_facet(locale const& loc) { size_t index = Facet::id.index_; locale::facet* fp; if (index >= loc.imp_->facets_.size() || (fp = loc.imp_->facets_[index]) == 0) throw bad_cast(); return static_cast<Facet const&>(*fp); }
If the facet has not yet been assigned an identity, or if no instance of it (or anything derived from it) is found in the argument locale, use_facet<>() throws an exception. (The test, here, is tricky: if index is bigger than the vector, or if the pointer at offset index is zero, then the facet is not present; the pointer at offset zero, corresponding to an uninitialized facet index, is always zero.)
I have omitted definitions of assignment operators and destructors because they are not very interesting. I also have omitted the definition of the locale constructor from a string (as used in Example 2), because it would not fit in a magazine article.
The Standard C++ locale library offers much more than what is presented here. Still, the most interesting facets are yet to be designed. The C++ Standard committee is closing up shop; it remains for people like you, working with POSIX and ad hoc internet interest groups, to standardize bindings for what now clog the "preferences" menu of every interactive application. Perhaps the most pressing need is for a standard time zone facet which can check the current version of a timezone database out on the internet (such as the "TZ" database at ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/).
[Thank you to all my reviewers, but particularly to Chris Lopez and John Gilson.]
Bio: Nathan developed the facilities found in chapter 22 of the Draft C++ Standard mainly so he would be able to write portable C++ programs without bothering about locales. He can be reached via his web page, http://www.cantrip.org/.