New to the world of electronics? Or are you a regular tinkerer who is having troubles in some basic concepts? Well you have come to the right place then. A bunch of electronics enthusiasts have compiled a wonderful list of topics that you might need in your projects.
Contents:
Operational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers
The Operational Amplifier, or OpAmp is an extremely versatile device. It can be used for anything from simple amplification of a signal to solving differential Equations. Here we will discuss mainly OpAmp as an amplifier.
The OpAmp is represented by the symbol-
(The +Vss and –Vss pins are often not shown)
The +input is called the non-inverting terminal and the –input is called the inverting terminal. The +Vss pin is generally connected to +15 V and the –Vss to -15 V, with respect to some ground.
The output and the input voltages are related by the expression
Vout= A*(V+-V-)
Where A is of the order of 105. (This varies from OpAmp to OpAmp). Another thing to note about the OpAmp is that it has very high input impedance and very low output impedance- meaning very little current can go into or out of the input pins, and a large current (usually a few hundred milliampere) can flow through the output pin. More about why this is important later.
A simple amplifier can be built by grounding the inverting terminal and applying the signal to the Non-inverting terminal. However, this places some severe restrictions. For one, the output voltage, Vout cannot go above +Vss or below –Vss. Hence if the signal voltage exceeds around 150 microvolt, the Output pin saturates to 15 V and the OpAmp no longer works as an amplifier. Moreover, the amplification factor, A is not precisely known and the output voltage cannot be predicted with certainty. This behaviour can be seen in the OpAmp characteristics. (Here, Vd = V+
- V- and Vcc = Vss).
(The region where Vout varies in proportion to Vd is called the linear region and beyond that it is called the saturation region – Vout is said to have saturated to a constant voltage.)
To overcome this difficulty, we come up with another configuration.
The Output voltage is taken between Vout and ground.
Since no current flows into the V- terminal,
V- = Vout * R2/ (R2+RF).
The OpAmp equation becomes- Vout = A (VIN – VoutR2/ (R2+RF)) Vout = AVIN/ (1+AR2/ (R2+RF)) Vout ~ Vin (R2+RF)/R2, (Since A is very large.) Well, that was rather tedious, wasn’t it? Turns out there is an easier way. Let’s take a closer look at the OpAmp Equation.
(V+-V-) = Vout/A
Well, what does this mean? It means that
“The OpAmp will do whatever it can to keep the potential at the input terminals the same”.
And all it can do is change the voltage at the output terminal. This is called a virtual short. The potential at the input terminals is the same, even though they are not connected. This assumption is valid only when the OpAmp is working in the linear region. In the saturation region, the potential at the input terminals need not be the same.
Let’s analyse the above circuit once again. ) Current through Resistor R2 would be Vs/R2, and the same current flows through RF. Hence voltage at Vout is Vs/R2 * (R2+RF). The amplification factor now becomes 1+RF/R2. The input signal can now be anything from a few millivolts to a few volts, and the precise value of A no longer matters. This is one configuration in which the OpAmp can be used as an amplifier.
Another such configuration would be,
The output voltage turns out to be Vout = - Vin * RF/Rin. Note that the output is inverted with respect to the input signal. Hence this is the Inverting Amplifier Configuration. The previous configuration was called Non Inverting Mode.
Another use of an OpAmp is to provide a ‘buffer stage’. Normally, large currents cannot be drawn out of sensors, to be used for further processing. However, a reasonably large current can be drawn out of the OpAmp’s output terminal, when used in the following configuration.
(Do note that the current drawn by the external circuit comes through the output terminal of the OpAmp, and negligible current flows into any of the input pins) While in the expression for the amplification factor, only the ratio of resistances appear, care has to be taken to ensure that the resistance values to be used are in the range of 1k to 100k. For a voltage magnification of ten in inverting mode, the most preferred resistances should be 1.5k and 15k.
Another thing to note is that the circuit has to be as ‘clean’ as possible. If the circuit is made in a bread board, care has to be taken to ensure that the wires are as straight as possible, do not form loops, and are only as long as required. The stray inductance that may be formed otherwise may lead to severe distortion of the signal.
When connecting the resistor between the output and input pins( RF in this case) only the inverting terminal has to be used. This resistor is said to provide ‘Negative feedback’. (If the non-inverting terminal is used, the resulting positive feedback would lead to the OpAmp moving to the saturation region easily. However, in some cases, positive feedback is intentionally introduced to create instability. An astable multivibrator, where the output swings between positive and negative values without any user intervention, uses a positive feedback system.)
Some popular OpAmp ICs are the LM741 and the LM 324. The LM324 has four high quality OpAmps integrated into a single chip. You can find the datasheet of the LM324 here. Take a look at the LM741 datasheet here. The datasheet provides additional information on the positions of the pins, supply voltage, maximum output current, blah, blah, blah…..in short, everything you need to get your circuit running.
Multiplexer - Demultiplexer
Multiplexer
Multiplexing is the generic term used to describe the operation of sending one or more analog or digital signals over a common transmission line at different times or speeds and as such, the device we use to do just that is called a Multiplexer. The following is a black-box view of the common digital multiplexer, or MUX (as we fondly call it), which has N selection lines, 2N, input lines, and a single output line.
The 4-to-1 channel multiplexer that is depicted in the adjoining diagram, selects an input line corresponding to the input provided to the selection bits. In this way, a MUX somehow acts like an equivalent of a mechanical multi-way switch.
From a coder’s perspective, a multiplexer could be seen as an analogue of the switch-case statement, with the case values represented by the different input values, say I0, I1, I2, and I3, while the value being tested under switch, represented by the binary number S1S0.
Going a little into the logic aspect of it, the multiplexer’s (4:1) truth table looks like the following:
So when does one use a multiplexer? In general, a multiplexer helps transmit multiple data using a single line. For example, a multiplexer is used to increase the efficiency of the communication system by allowing the transmission of data such as audio & video data from different channels via cables and single lines. Another similar application is in linking computer memory to various I/O devices, where multiplexers help reduce number of connecting copper wires.
Demultiplexer
The data distributor, known more commonly as a Demultiplexer or “Demux” for short, is the exact opposite of the Multiplexer. The demultiplexer takes one single input data line and then switches it to any one of a number of individual output lines one at a time. The demultiplexer converts a serial data signal at the input to a parallel data.
The function of the Demultiplexer is to switch one common data input line to any one of the 4 output data lines A to D in our example above. As with the multiplexer the individual solid state switches are selected by the binary input address code on the output select pins “a” and “b” as shown.
Truth table for demultiplexer:
A typical application of the demultiplexer is to control multiple circuit lines using few selection lines. Demultiplexers are used in combination with multiplexers communication system to carry out the process of data transmission. Demultiplexer are also used in serial to parallel conversion. In this technique, serial data is given as an input to the De-multiplexer at a regular interval, and a counter is attached to the demultiplexer at the control input to detect the data signal at the output of the demultiplexer.
The Demonstration
We did a small demonstration to see the working of a De-multiplexer in action. We made use of an IC called SN7442A. (You can find the Datasheet at here.)
Let’s look at the pin configuration of the IC.
Connections of the circuit
Connected Vcc with 5v. Ground to 0v (duh!) As we see in the datasheet (do have a look), D is the most significant input bit and A the least. Since, we wanted to do a quick demo, we keep C and D connected to ground (Low always). So now, we can play with only input pins A and B.
Looking at the output table of the circuit
We see that toggling A,B input pins , we can control pins 0, 1, 2, 3 and hence, we connected 4 LEDs to it. To display the output. A,B were made to toggle from 5v to 0v and vice versa by connecting a button each between inputs and 5v. Also, connecting a resistor between the input and ground does the job. Think about it!
So now, on clicking the 2 buttons separately and together, we see the expected LEDs going Low according to the output table!
Infrared - Passive Infrared Sensors
This summers I took my first project ever in life. Meanwhile I came to stop by a problem in which i had to detect a movement of a object relative to its postion. After lots of googling and stuff , I found the solution to this with the help of sensors , namely IR (infrared) PIR (passive infra red sensors. Lets explore what they are !
IR Sensor
IR sensor consists of a LED and a photodiode. In the same branch as the LED and photodiode there are two resistances with the larger one in the branch with photodiode ( since, it is reverse biased , we demand greater potential drop with small resistance ).The LED is a infrared LED which emits infrared rays and those rays are received by the photodiode when they are reflected by some surface. The circuit is assembled as following :
To check the circuit connect it with arduino:
Now keep your hand at some height above the LED . Meanwhile open the serial monitor on arduino IDE and notice the values on it . Now slowly start bringing your hand towards the LED and notice the increase in value on the serial monitor. These values are a measure of amount of reflection received by the photodiode. The closer your hand is , more is the value on the serial monitor. Thus , this serves as a measure of distance relative to the sensor.
PIR sensor
The next task which i had to conquer was to detect movement . The best way to find this out was a PIR sensor .  The answer lies in PIR sensor . Let’s see how this works. The basic function of a PIR sensor is to detect a CHANGE in movement.
It is called passive because unlike the IR sensor it does not have something which produces energy. In IR sensor IR sensor produces IR rays which are detected by the photodiode but here there is no such source. The IR rays which the PIR sensor collects is produced by the movement of body near it . The circuit of the sensor is as follows :
The PIR sensor contains , inside it , a material called pyroelectric material which produces current on receiving infrared waves. It contains two sensor inside it which give output in opposing ways , thus , any constant position isn’t detected whereas a movement is detected.
Thus if you keep your hand moving in front of it you will constantly receive output but if you will stabilise it the output reading stops. This principle is thus used in washrooms to light up light by itself .
Flex Sensor
A flex sensor is a variable resistor whose resistance changes when it bent. More the sensor is bend, more is the resistance.
The working principle: The black strip is a thin layer of carbon/graphite (for flexibility). The light grey material is patterned and segmented metal electrode. Deformation of the flex apparently increases/decreases the amount of metal in contact with the carbon.
In this tutorial you will learn how to use a flex sensor. In the demo we will control the brightness of a LED using a flex sensor.
Material you will need:
-
A flex sensor
-
Arduino UNO
-
Breadboard
-
10K Ω and 220Ω resistor
-
A LED
The circuit:
In the circuit, we have attached a fixed resistor of 10kΩ. Thus creating a voltage divider arrangement. Now when the flex sensor is bent, the resistance increases thus increasing the voltage at the junction. This voltage is read by the Arduino and it is mapped to control the brightness of the LED.
Code:
We have read the voltage values using the A0 pin on the Arduino.
For controlling the LED we use Pin 3 which is a PWM pin.
For setting the range of the voltage read, you will have to see what the voltage is when the sensor is not bent and when the sensor is bent to its maximum value.
Flex sensors can be used to detect finger movements in a gesture control robotic arm. Reading the voltage values can tell you how much the finger is bent.
Ultrasonic Sensor
It is more often than not that we require our model cars or bots or even basic circuits to measure distance of various objects in their surroundings. For this we require ultrasonic sensors. I am going to discuss the use of a ultrasonic sensor module HC-SR04.
It has a range of 5-400 cm. It contains two transducers- one ultrasonic transmitter and one receiver as well as a control circuit.
HC-SR04 has 4 pins:
-
5V vcc pin
-
Ground pin
-
Trig pin (to input an electronic pulse)
-
Echo pin (to output electronic signal when receiver receives the reflected ultrasonic pulse)
Working
We have to provide a 10uS electronic pulse to Trig pin due to which the transmitter sends a 8 cycle 40kHz ultra sound pulse. Now we calculate the time interval between the sending and receiving of the pulse.
Since, we know the speed of sound in air and we now also know the time taken by the time to go to the object and come back, we can calculated the distance.
So the distance of the object will be at half of our calculated distance.
The Demonstration
I did a small demonstration showing how to use ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04. You can find the datasheet here.
Connections of the circuit
Connections of the circuit are as shown in the below diagram:
Connected Vcc with 5v. Ground to 0v. Trigpin and echopin are connected to pins 8 and 7 respectively of arduino.
Code is given below. So, after the code is uploaded to arduino, press Ctrl + Shift + M to start the Serial Monitor. You can see the distance in cm as well as inches that we are printing after converting the signal recieved from the sensor.


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Multiple axis support showing the raw oil price in US $/barrel of crude oil vs. the exchange rate from US $ to €.
As illustrated, you can put in multiple axes if you need to. For each data series, simply specify the axis number. In the options, you can then configure where you want the extra axes to appear.
Position axis or .


UTC -4
120 volts.
US dollars
Euros are widely accepted.
All major credit cards are accepted.
International dialing code for Bonaire is +599
There are several mobile phone service providers.
Digicel update December 2014:
Anyone cruising through the islands using Digicel should be aware that you cannot top up a sim from one island in another as used to be able to. So if for example you want to use the sim bought here while cruising through other islands, you should either put on a large enough sum to cover your needs, or you can set up an account and do it online, but you cannot get it topped up in another island.
You can top-up Digicel at https://online-top-up.digicelgroup.com/
There is an internet cafe at the Harbourside Mall in Kralendijk as well as various hot-spots around the town and in several restaurants.
There is little Public transport, but hire cars are available.
Driving is on the right.
There are no foreign embassies located on Bonaire. Make sure to visit your national embassy's website for information about travel to the Caribbean.
Venezuelan Consulate in Bonaire
Kaya Grandi, No. 52 (Altos)
Kranledijk, Bonaire
Phone: +<PHONE_NUMBER>
E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Office Hours 09:00-13:00 and 15:00-18:00
October Bonaire Regatta
Bonaire Ambulance Emergency Number 114
Bonaire Police Emergency Numbers - Call 911 first. This number is manned by one person, so if no one answers, call 717-8000.
Bonaire Hospital -<PHONE_NUMBER>
IMRAY AND ADLARD COLES PILOT BOOKS are available at a discounted price for Noonsite.com users via World Cruising Club
A Cruising Guide to the ABC Islands (January 2015)
www.FreeCruisingGuides.com (free download)
The 2nd edition of the Free Cruising Guide produced by Frank Virgintino.
Now available in Spanish.
A Cruising Guide to the Lesser Antilles
Author: Frank Virgintino
Published by www.freecruisingguide.com (July 2012)
Available at Kindle as well as all other EPub bookstores (September 2012)
The three .pdf files are free to download at: www.freecruisingguide.com
See Noonsite further details here
A Thinking Mans Guide to Voyages South - the many facets of Caribbean Cruising
Author: Frank Virgintino
Published: 3rd Edition January 2013
Available as a Kindle version at www.amazon.com as well as other EPub bookstores.
The latest edition of this route planner is larger than ever. For more details see this report
Cruising Guide Bonaire
By John Hoedemakers and Jolanda Geerdink
Published 2010
Available to download from www.sailadventures.nl
An excellent guide to this small Caribbean island.
Grenada to the Virgin Islands
By Jacques Patuelli
Publisher Imray Laurie Norie & Wilson- 3rd Edition 2014
ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>818
This edition covers each island between Grenada and Barbados to the Virgin Islands and is a translation from Jacques Patuelli's original French version with pilotage notes, tourist information, formalities and facilities
Bonaire Official Tourist Board Website
The Bonaire Information Website
Updated daily live from the island
The Bonaire Reporter
A free, twice-monthly English language newsletter published, printed, and distributed on Bonaire for the benefit of tourists and residents. Now on-line as well.


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| Title | Author(s) | Publish Date | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal 7 | David Mercer | September 2010 | $44.99 | |
| Amazon SimpleDB: LITE | Prabhakar Chaganti, Rich Helms | May 2011 | $9.99 | |
| Object-Oriented JavaScript | Stoyan Stefanov | July 2008 | $39.99 | |
| jQuery 1.4 Reference Guide | Karl Swedberg, Jonathan Chaffer | January 2010 | $39.99 | |
| Cocoa and Objective-C Cookbook | Jeff Hawkins | May 2011 | $39.99 | |
| Python Testing Cookbook | Greg L. Turnquist | May 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook | Sarath Lakshman | January 2011 | $44.99 | |
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| HTML5 Multimedia Development Cookbookcov.jpg | Dale Cruse, Lee Jordan | May 2011 | $39.99 | |
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| CakePHP 1.3 Application Development Cookbook | Mariano Iglesias | March 2011 | $39.99 | |
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| Django JavaScript Integration: AJAX and jQuery | Jonathan Hayward | January 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Magento 1.4 Development Cookbook | Nurul Ferdous | December 2010 | $44.99 |
| Title | Author(s) | Publish Date | Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal 7 | David Mercer | September 2010 | $44.99 | |
| Amazon SimpleDB: LITE | Prabhakar Chaganti, Rich Helms | May 2011 | $9.99 | |
| Object-Oriented JavaScript | Stoyan Stefanov | July 2008 | $39.99 | |
| jQuery 1.4 Reference Guide | Karl Swedberg, Jonathan Chaffer | January 2010 | $39.99 | |
| Cocoa and Objective-C Cookbook | Jeff Hawkins | May 2011 | $39.99 | |
| Python Testing Cookbook | Greg L. Turnquist | May 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook | Sarath Lakshman | January 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Nginx 1 Web Server Implementation Cookbook | Dipankar Sarkar | May 2011 | $39.99 | |
| HTML5 Multimedia Development Cookbookcov.jpg | Dale Cruse, Lee Jordan | May 2011 | $39.99 | |
| Core Data Essentials.jpg | B.M. Harwani | April 2011 | $44.99 | |
| WordPress 3 Plugin Development Essentials | Brian Bondari, Everett Griffiths | March 2011 | $39.99 | |
| LaTeX Beginner's Guide | Stefan Kottwitz | March 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Panda3D 1.7 Game Developer's Cookbook | Christoph Lang | March 2011 | $44.99 | |
| CakePHP 1.3 Application Development Cookbook | Mariano Iglesias | March 2011 | $39.99 | |
| Magento 1.4 Themes Design | Richard Carter | January 2011 | $39.99 | |
| Django JavaScript Integration: AJAX and jQuery | Jonathan Hayward | January 2011 | $44.99 | |
| Magento 1.4 Development Cookbook | Nurul Ferdous | December 2010 | $44.99 |
| Title | Author(s) | Publish Date | Price |
|---|


Nieves v. Secretary, DOC
Description
ORDER denying 1 Petition for writ of habeas corpus and dismissing case with prejudice; clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly and close the case. Signed by Judge Gregory A. Presnell on 8/20/2009. (TKW)
IMPORTANT NOTICE NOT TO BE PUBLISHED OPINION THIS OPINION IS DESIGNATED "NOT TO BE PUBLISHED." PURSUANT TO THE RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE PROMULGATED BY THE SUPREME COURT, CR 76.28(4)(C), THIS OPINION IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED AND SHALL NOT BE CITED OR USED AS BINDING PRECEDENT IN ANY OTHER CASE IN ANY COURT OF THIS STATE; HOWEVER, UNPUBLISHED KENTUCKY APPELLATE DECISIONS, RENDERED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2003, MAY BE CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT IF THERE IS NO PUBLISHED OPINION THAT WOULD ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE ISSUE BEFORE THECOURT. OPINIONS CITED FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE COURT SHALL BE SET OUT AS AN UNPUBLISHED DECISION IN THE FILED DOCUMENT AND A COPY. OF THE ENTIRE DECISION SHALL BE TENDERED ALONG WITH THE DOCUMENT TO THE COURT AND ALL PARTIES TO THE ACTION.  A Lincoln Circuit Court jury found him guilty of all three charges and recommended sentences of life imprisonment for sodomy, fifty years' imprisonment for incest, and twenty years' imprisonment for use of a minor in a sexual performance. Appellant now appeals as a matter of right, Ky. Const. § 110(2)(b), and raises the following issues: (1) he was unfairly prejudiced by the trial court's joinder of his case with his brother's, (2) the trial court erroneously admitted evidence of numerous bad acts, and (3) the trial court erred in ordering that his sentence in the case at bar be run consecutively to a sentence he was already serving in a separate case. TRUE INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND Appellant lived in a two-bedroom mobile home with his wife, the couple's seven children, and one of his step-daughters, Suzie. 1 Appellant's brother, James Matthew Robinson (Matt), visited Appellant's home frequently, often drinking beer with Appellant until both were intoxicated. Several witnesses testified at trial that the events described below took place when Appellant and Matt got drunk. Appellant and Matt were each charged with the first-degree sodomy of Appellant's son, Sam, who was under the age of twelve at the time the abuse occurred. Appellant was also indicted for incest and use of a minor in a sexual performance—both these counts related to his sodomy of Sam. The Grand Jury indicted Matt of seven counts of use of a minor in a sexual performance and six counts of first-degree sexual abuse in a separate indictment. All of Matt's charges concerned Appellant's children and Suzie. TRUE ANALYSIS II. ANALYSIS TRUE STATEMENT OF THE CASE A. Joinder CASE Over Appellant's objection and motion to sever, the trial court granted the Commonwealth's motion to consolidate the two indictments and heard the brothers' cases jointly, as the two were "alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction . . . constituting an offense." RCr 6.20. All but one of We have changed the names of the minors in this opinion. Matt's charges were brought in a separate indictment from Appellant's, however, RCr 9.12 provides: The court may order two (2) or more indictments, informations, complaints or uniform citations to be tried together if the offenses, and the defendants, if more than one (1), could have been joined in a single indictment, information, complaint or uniform citation. The procedure shall be the same as if the prosecution were under a single indictment, information, complaint or uniform citation. Appellant argues that he was prejudiced by the joinder of his and Matt's cases. Pursuant to RCr 8.31, lig it appears that a defendant or the Commonwealth is or will be prejudiced by a joinder of offenses or of defendants in an indictment, information, complaint or uniform citation or by joinder for trial, the court shall order separate trials of counts, grant separate trials of defendants or provide whatever other relief justice requires." As this Court recently held, "[w]e review the trial court's denial of a motion to sever for abuse of discretion . . . and the burden is on the appellant to show that the denial was in fact unfairly prejudicial." Peacher v. Commonwealth,391 S.W.3d 821
, 834 (Ky. 2013) (citing Quisenberry v. Commonwealth,336 S.W.3d 19
(Ky. 2011)); see also Rearick v. Commonwealth,858 S.W.2d 185
, 187 (Ky. 1993) ("We start with the general proposition that a trial court has broad discretion with respect to joinder, and will not, be overturned absent a showing of prejudice and clear abuse of discretion."); Rachel v. Commonwealth,523 S.W.2d 395
, 400 (Ky. 1975) ("If upon the consideration of the case a trial judge orders a joint trial, we cannot reverse unless we are clearly convinced that prejudice occurred and that the likelihood of prejudice was so clearly demonstrated to the trial judge as to make his failure to grant severance an abuse of discretion.").Appellant and Matt did not present antagonistic defenses at trial and the trial court admonished the jury any time testimony applied only to one of the brothers. Accordingly, the trial court instructed the jury several times during the course of the trial that the testimony of various witnesses would be considered only for purposes of Matt and had no bearing on Appellant's case. We have held "[a] jury is presumed to follow an admonition to disregard evidence and the admonition thus cures any error." Johnson v. Commonwealth,105 S.W.3d 430
, 441 (Ky. 2003). The only argument Appellant makes to this court to rebut the presumption that the jury followed the trial court's admonitions is that the jury recommended the maximum sentence for each of his charges and recommended that those sentences run consecutively to one another.Appellant points out that Matt was charged with thirteen counts unrelated to the sodomy charge for which both brothers were jointly indicted. He insists that the testimony solely related to Matt's sexual abuse and use of a minor in a sexual performance charges was often extremely inflammatory. TRUE STANDARD OF REVIEW Standard of Review Specifically, Appellant claims that Matt was tried for an additional indictment of first-degree sodomy "of a separate child in which [Appellant] was not alleged to have been involved." However, this claim is patently false. The only charge of first-degree sodomy against Matt tried jointly with Appellant's case was the charge for which Appellant was also indicted: in which both Appellant and Matt were charged with sodomizing Appellant's son, Sam. Relying on our statement in Rearick v. Commonwealth,858 S.W.2d 185
, 187 (Ky. 1993), that "[a] significant factor in identifying such prejudice is the extent to which evidence of one offense would be admissible in a trial of the other offense," Appellant argues that because none of the evidence presented against Matt in the charges stemming from his second indictment would be admissible in Appellant's trial, this created sufficient prejudice. However, as stated above (and as Appellant acknowledges), we will not overturn the decision of the trial court absent a showing that it abused its discretion. "The test for abuse of discretion is whether the trial judge's decision was arbitrary, unreasonable, unfair, or unsupported by sound legal principles." Commonwealth v. English,993 S.W.2d 941
, 945 (Ky. 1999). As to the brothers' sodomy charge, Sam testified in graphic detail about his father and uncle anally raping him. Sam testified that his father had first sodomized him when he was in first or second grade. He went on to testify that when he was in third grade, his father and Matt took turns having sex with him in the bathroom of the mobile home Sam lived in with his parents and seven siblings. When the Commonwealth asked what he meant by his statement that Appellant and Matt had sex with him, Sam responded that he meant that they stuck their penises in his butt. Clearly, so far as the charges arising from Appellant and Matt's sodomy of Sam, the brothers were "alleged to have participated in the same act or transaction . . . constituting an offense" pursuant to RCr 6.20 and the cases were properly joined under our Rules. Appellant was not prejudiced by the joinder of his and Matt's charges under this indictment. All of the "evidence of one offense would be admissible in a trial of the other offense." Rearick, 858 S.W.2d at 187. Therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Appellant's motion for severance of the charges included in the same indictment.The charges arising from Matt's separate indictment are a bit more problematic. Under that indictment, Matt was charged with six counts of first- degree sexual abuse and seven counts of use of a minor in a sexual performance. The alleged victims were six of Appellant's children, including Sam, and Appellant's step-daughter, Suzie. In addition to Sam and Suzie, three of Appellant's other children testified about Matt touching them inappropriately, or about seeing Matt touch their siblings or step-sister inappropriately. While the evidence of these other charges would not have been admissible in Appellant's trial, we have reviewed the trial record at length and are satisfied with the admonitions the trial court gave the jury. In each instance, the jury was instructed to only consider the testimony as it related to Matt and not to use it against Appellant in any way. Appellant does not attempt to rebut the presumption that the jury followed the trial court's admonitions.Appellant also complains that a statement a witness (Matt's ex-girlfriend) made prejudiced him.   The jury was also admonished that this testimony only concerned Matt and that it was not to use any of this witness's testimony against Appellant. We note again that "[a] jury is presumed to follow an admonition to disregard evidence and the admonition thus cures any error." Johnson 105 S.W.3d at 441. "Nor does [Appellant] present any argument to rebut the presumption that the trial court's admonition cured the error," Mills v. Commonwealth,996 S.W.2d 473
, 485 (Ky.1999) overruled on other grounds by Padgett v. Commonwealth,312 S.W.3d 336
(Ky. 2010). As such, we hold that the trial court's admonitions cured any error resulting from the joinder of Appellant's and Matt's indictments. TRUE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE Furthermore, Appellant's argument that the evidence should not have been admitted, as "unless a collateral act has some direct relationship to the charge being tried, its admission necessarily depends on the view that the defendant's character and predisposition are probative of his guilt," Rearick, 858 S.W.2d at 187, is without merit. None of the complained of testimony was admitted against Appellant; but, rather, it was admitted against Matt and the jury was specifically directed not to use it in any way against Appellant. As to Appellant's contention that his sentence reflects the fact that evidence of his brother's crimes prejudiced the jury against him, we point out that the most inflammatory witness statements in the case would have come in as evidence in Appellant's trial regardless of whether it was joined with his brother's. In addition to Sam's testimony that his father sodomized him on at least two occasions in the bathroom of their home, Suzie (who had lived with Appellant since she was around eighteen months old) also testified that Appellant had anally raped her in the same bathroom described by Sam. (This testimony will be discussed in more detail below.) While the evidence against Matt included testimony by several of the children that he had fondled their breasts and/or genital areas inside or outside their clothing or exposed himself to the children or had the children disrobe for him, the trial court admonished the jury not to consider this evidence against Appellant. We believe that the fact that two child witnesses testified that Appellant had anally raped them— and the fact Appellant served as a father figure to both of them—is enough to account for the jury's recommended sentence without accounting for any alleged prejudice. We are not "clearly convinced that prejudice occurred and that the likelihood of prejudice was so clearly demonstrated to the trial judge as to make his failure to grant severance an abuse of discretion." Rachel, 523 S.W.2d at 400. Therefore, we affirm the trial court as to the joinder of Appellant and Matt's trials. TRUE ACT B. Other Bad Acts Evidence Appellant next alleges that the introduction of evidence of Appellant's other bad acts constitutes reversible error. First, Appellant argues that Suzie's testimony about Appellant sodomizing her should not have been admitted. This issue was preserved by contemporaneous objection at trial. Appellant also argues that other instances of other bad acts testimony should not have been admitted at trial, though no objections were made regarding this evidence. These unobjected-to instances include: Appellant's daughter's testimony that her father had sexually abused her, Sam's testimony that Appellant had physically abused him, and testimony of Appellant's drug and alcohol use. Appellant argues that the trial court was on notice that such evidence should not be admitted in spite of his failure to object and that we should treat these errors as preserved. In the alternative, he requests that we review this testimony for palpable error. TRUE TESTIMONY II) TESTIMONIES TRUE TESTIMONY 1. Suzie's Testimony Kentucky Rules of Evidence 404 deals with character evidence and evidence of other crimes. More specifically, KRE 404(b) provides: (b) Other crimes, wrongs, or acts. Evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts is not admissible to prove the character of a person in order to show action in conformity therewith. It may, however, be admissible: (1) If offered for some other purpose, such as proof of motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or absence of mistake or accident; or (2) If so inextricably intertwined with other evidence essential to the case that separation of the two (2) could not be accomplished without serious adverse effect on the offering party. TRUE ARGUMENT A. Opening Argument In Bell v. Commonwealth,875 S.W.2d 882
, 889 (Ky. 1994), this Court stated "trial courts must apply the rule cautiously, with an eye towards eliminating evidence which is relevant only as proof of an accused's propensity to commit a certain type of crime." We set out a three-prong test that should be followed in determining if KRE 404(b) evidence should have been excluded at trial: . (1) the first factor goes to relevance and asks, "[i]s the other crimes evidence relevant for some purpose other than to prove the criminal disposition of the accused?," Id.; (2) the second factor goes to probativeness and asks, "[i]s evidence of the uncharged crime sufficiently probative of its commission by the accused to warrant its introduction into evidence?," Id. at 890; and (3) the third factor goes to prejudice and asks, "[d]oes the potential for prejudice from the use of other crimes evidence substantially outweigh its probative value?," Id. We review a trial court's evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Thompson,11 S.W.3d 575
, 577 (Ky. 2000). TRUE STATEMENT OF FACTS B. STATEMENT OF FACTS Before Suzie testified at trial, the jury was instructed that it could consider the testimony for the limited purpose of Appellant's pattern of conduct—and could not consider her testimony for any other purpose. Suzie testified at trial that Appellant had sex with her.  He said that he was cleaning it." Suzie had lived in the same house as Appellant from the time she was eighteen months old until she was removed from the home at age fourteen. The described abuse happened sometime between the time she was twelve and fourteen in the same bathroom Sam identified as the location of his abuse. The fact that Appellant had already pled guilty to sexually abusing Suzie and signed a written letter apologizing to her for said abuse was not admitted at trial. The trial court admitted Suzie's testimony, finding that it was relevant and admissible as it established a pattern of conduct. Specifically, the trial court looked at the Bell factors and found: [Suzie] lived in Appellant's household since the time that she had any recollection or memory. Appellant was in the role of father to [Sam] and [Suzie] when the sexual abuse occurred against each.  [Suzie] described an act of anal penetration that was the same act to which [Sam] testified. TRUE ARGUMENT C. Closing Argument In Pendleton v. Corn.,685 S.W.2d 549
, 552 (Ky. 1985), this Court held "[e]vidence of independent sexual acts between the accused and persons other than the victim are admissible if such acts are similar to that charged and not too remote in time provided the acts are relevant to prove intent, motive or a common plan or pattern of activity." Appellant argues that Pendleton is distinguishable from his case for several reasons. First, he argues that the facts that Suzie and Sam are of different genders and ages, and that Suzie is not his biological daughter, while Sam is his biological son, make the acts dissimilar. We disagree. The sexual act—anal sodomy—was the same in both instances. The fact that Suzie happened to be female did not alter the type of sexual act Appellant subjected her to. Sam was likely around eight years old when his father and uncle sodomized him, while Suzie was between twelve and fourteen when Appellant sodomized her. We do not believe this approximate four-year age difference is enough to say that the acts are not of a similar nature. Finally, Appellant was the only father figure Suzie had ever known. She and Appellant had lived in the same home since she was eighteen months old. As the trial court found, Appellant was a father figure for both Suzie and Sam when he sodomized them. TRUE STANDARD OF REVIEW II. Standard Of Review Next, Appellant argues that, under Pendleton, the acts were too remote in time for Suzie's allegations to be properly admitted at trial. We disagree. When they testified at trial, Suzie was sixteen years old and Sam was twelve. Suzie's abuse occurred when she was between the ages of twelve and fourteen (or two to four years prior to the trial) and the last time Sam described being sodomized occurred when he was about eight years old (or about four years before trial). So, these events occurred at the most two years apart, but possibly even closer in time. Under the Bell factors, the trial court had to first determine that the evidence was relevant to prove something apart from Appellant's criminal disposition before it could admit Suzie's testimony. The trial court found that the testimony was relevant to show Appellant's pattern of conduct. The next Bell factor required the trial court to determine if Suzie's testimony of Appellant's other sexual acts was sufficiently probative and, if so, whether the probative value was outweighed by undue prejudice. Appellant points out our language in Driver v. Commonwealth,361 S.W.3d 877
, 885-86 (Ky. 2012), that "prior acts of violence or threats of violence against persons other than the victim in the case on trial have significantly less probative value than similar prior acts and threats against the same victim." He goes on to note that lain exception has been recognized when the threat against the third person is so close in time to the charged offense as to be considered a part of the same transaction." Id. at 886 citing Chatt v. Commonwealth,268 Ky. 141
,103 S.W.2d 952
, 954-955 (Ky. 1937). However, we emphasize that these were not threats of violence as contemplated by Driver and Chatt; nor were they unproven allegations of sexual abuse brought up for the first time at trial, as was the case in Bell. Rather, Suzie's testimony was describing abuse for which Appellant had been previously charged and to which he had already pled guilty (thought this fact was not revealed to the jury). We cannot hold that the trial court abused its discretion in allowing the testimony to come in under these factors—it was close enough in time and circumstances to be considered part of the same transaction and to show a course of conduct. Moreover, as this Court held in Commonwealth v. English,993 S.W.2d 941
, 945 (Ky. 1999): [t]he test of relevancy having been satisfied by proof of a modus operandi, the evidence of [Appellant's] prior sexual misconduct was properly admitted unless its probative value was substantially outweighed by the danger of undue prejudice. KRE 403. This is the point at which the issue of temporal remoteness becomes a factor in determining admissibility. Robey v. Commonwealth, Ky.,943 S.W.2d 616
, 618 (1997). However, it is not the sole determining factor. While temporal remoteness tends to lessen the probative value of the evidence of Appellee's prior sexual misconduct, its probativeness is conversely heightened by the multiplicity of victims, the multiplicity of occurrences, and the fact that the abuse was perpetrated against members of several generations of the same family. Lear v. Commonwealth, Ky.,884 S.W.2d 657
(1994). The balancing of the probative value of such evidence against the danger of undue prejudice is a task properly reserved for the sound discretion of the trial judge. Rake v. Commonwealth, Ky.,450 S.W.2d 527
, 528 (1970). See also Jones v. Commonwealth, No. 2002-SC-1011-DG,2005 WL 635051
, at *2 (Ky. Mar. 17, 2005) ("When the charged crime and the uncharged crime are so similar and so unique as to indicate a reasonable probability that the crimes were committed by the same person, under the same circumstances, the evidence of the uncharged crime is admissible."). Suzie's testimony tended to show that Appellant had a common scheme or pattern of conduct: sodomizing his children in the bathroom of their home. Of course this testimony is prejudicial to his case—just as any adverse evidence is. However, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding that Suzie's testimony was not only probative, but that it was also more probative than prejudicial. Suzie's testimony was properly admitted for the limited purpose of showing Appellant's pattern of conduct. TRUE STATE 2. The State Cause of Action Appellant alleges that, although unobjected to, the remainder of his allegations of error were, in fact, preserved, as the trial court "was on notice that such evidence should not be admitted." This argument is disingenuous, as Appellant admits that "his trial counsel inexplicably did not object." In fact, trial counsel failed to object even after the trial court sua sponte asked counsel to approach the bench and raised KRE 404(b) concerns. Even after the trial court pointed out that there had been no objection on those grounds, Appellant's trial counsel still failed to make one. Appellant asks, in the alternative, that we review these allegations for palpable error pursuant to RCr 10.26. "Palpable error affects the substantial rights of the party and results in manifest injustice. Furthermore, an appellant claiming palpable error must show that the error was more likely than ordinary error to have affected the jury." Boyd v. Commonwealth,439 S.W.3d 126
, 129-30 (Ky. 2014). "In determining whether an error is palpable, 'an appellate court must consider whether on the whole case there is a substantial possibility that the result would have been any different."' Commonwealth v. Pace,82 S.W.3d 894
, 895 (Ky. 2002) (citing Commonwealth v. McIntosh,646 S.W.2d 43
. 45 (Ky. 1983)). We will not examine whether any error occurred in these instances, but only, if there was an error, if it rose to the level of palpable error. TRUE TESTIMONY a. Patty's testimony Appellant's first unpreserved contention arose from the testimony of his daughter, Patty, who was eight years old at the time of trial. When the Commonwealth asked Patty if she had been sexually abused, she responded in the affirmative. Then, when the Commonwealth asked Patty who had abused her, she said, "my dad." Appellant did not object, but now complains that he had no notice under KRE 404(c) that this testimony would be provided and that it failed to meet the admissibility requirements under the Bell test. The Commonwealth points out that it did not follow up on Patty's response that Appellant had sexually abused her. Rather, it immediately asked Patty if anyone else had sexually abused her and began asking her questions about Matt. The Commonwealth did nothing to emphasize Patty's statement about Appellant. We hold that any error in the admission of Patty's testimony was not "more likely than ordinary error to have affected the jury." Boyd, 439 S.W.3d at 129-30 (Ky. 2014). Furthermore, considering the other evidence presented against Appellant, there is no "substantial possibility that the result would have been any different" in the absence of any such error. Pace, 82 S.W.3d at 895. TRUE TESTIMONY b. Sam's testimony of physical abuse During Sam's testimony, he recounted an event during which Appellant slammed his head into the bathroom wall, leaving a hole visible in pictures he and Suzie were shown to identify the bathroom in which Appellant sodomized them. When the Commonwealth asked Sam about this event, the trial court asked counsel to approach the bench and expressed concerns about KRE 404(b). Appellant's counsel's only remark was that he did not "have notice of 404(c)." Appellant never objected to the line of questioning. The trial judge informed the Commonwealth that if these claims could be related to the charges, that would be fine, but, "just general evidence about these are bad people despite the lack of objection, I am not going to allow that." (Emphasis added.)The Commonwealth argues that this testimony should have come in to avoid any unanimous verdict issues. There is no need for us to address that contention, because, due to the lack of objection—even though the trial court indicated that it may be a concern—we will review only for palpable error. Sam testified in depth about what Appellant did to him sexually. There is no substantial possibility that a manifest injustice occurred such that the result - in the case would have been any different absent testimony of physical abuse. Therefore, we hold that there was no palpable error. Again, Appellant raised no objection to any admission of testimony that he drank, used drugs, or was unemployed. Much of the testimony regarding his alcohol use was when the children were "setting the scene" for the events surrounding their abuse. The testimony concerning his unemployment only came up when a witness testified that he stayed home with the kids. Due to the testimonial evidence the jury heard from Sam and Suzie concerning being sodomized by Appellant, there is no substantial possibility that a manifest injustice occurred such that the result in the case would have been any different absent testimony of physical abuse. Therefore, we hold that there was no palpable error. TRUE COMPLAINT C. Complaint Sentence The jury recommended that Appellant be sentenced to life imprisonment for sodomy, fifty years' imprisonment for incest, and twenty years' imprisonment for use of a minor in a sexual performance. The judgment is silent as to whether the sentences are to run concurrently or consecutively. Appellant claims that the trial court erred in ordering that his life sentence be run consecutively to a twenty year sentence he was already in the process of serving. He points out that this ruling was made orally, but that the sentencing order failed to reflect whether the sentences were to be run concurrently or consecutively. TRUE STANDARD OF REVIEW Standard Of Review As the Commonwealth points out, the sentences must be served concurrently pursuant to KRS 532.110, which provides: (2) If the court does not specify the manner in which a sentence imposed by it is to run, the sentence shall run concurrently with any other sentence which the defendant must serve unless the sentence is required by subsection (3) of this section or KRS 533.060 to run consecutively. While the trial court did orally rule from the bench that Appellant's life sentence should be served consecutively to the twenty-year sentence he had already begun serving (and even indicated he would like a ruling from this Court on the issue), the written order did not reflect this. In fact, the order did not refer to Appellant's twenty-year sentence at all. "[T]he rule in Kentucky is that when there is an inconsistency between oral statements of the presiding judge and an order or judgment reduced to writing, the written order or judgment prevails." Cardwell v. Commonwealth,12 S.W.3d 672
, 678 (Ky. 2000), citing RCr 13.04; CR 54.01; Commonwealth v. Taber, Ky.,941 S.W.2d 463
, 464 (1997); Commonwealth v. Hicks, Ky.,869 S.W.2d 35
, 37-38 (1994). Appellant's sentence, as pronounced in the written sentencing order, comports with the law. There is no relief to be granted upon this issue and we will not address it further. TRUE CONCLUSION III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, we affirm Appellant's convictions and sentence.Minton, C.J., Abramson, Barber, Cunningham, Keller, and Noble, JJ., concur. Venters, J., dissents by separate opinion.VENTERS, J., DISSENTS: I respectfully dissent because I believe that Appellant's trial on three counts involving a single victim should not have been joined for trial with the multitude of charges against his brother, Matt, involving seventeen crimes against seven different' victims. The majority concedes that much of the evidence presented against Matt would have been inadmissible in a trial against Appellant. The fact that Appellant was being tried alongside his brother does not render such evidence admissible against Appellant; in fact, the association of Appellant at trial with his brother on the unrelated crimes enhanced the prejudicial effect of the improper evidence. I do not believe any trial judge could fashion an admonition to the jury sufficient to remove that taint. Introducing such prejudicial evidence and telling the jury not to consider it was like throwing hot pepper into the stew and telling the jury not to taste it. I believe Appellant's conviction should be reversed.


User Administration - Tokens can be accessed as follows:
- Click the Continue button on User Administration - Availability.
- or -
- Click Tokens on the User Record tab within User Administration - Navigation.
User Administration - Tokens allows you to specify token issuance information.
User Administration - Tokens contains the following information:
Key Information (contains view-only fields)
- First Name – First name of the user.
- Last Name – Last name of the user.
- Logo – Four-character alphanumeric client identifier.
- User ID – Client-Central user ID of the user.
Note: The user ID displays only when an existing user record is being accessed.
Token Information (contains modify fields)
The screen contents vary based on the selection below:
- Issue Token – Initiates request for a new token to be issued to the user being added to Client-Central.
- Reassign Token – Initiates request to reassign an existing token to the user being added to Client-Central.
Note: To reassign a token, you must delete the user security record of the original owner of the token.
- Replace Token – Initiates request to replace the token for an existing user.
- Token Serial Number – Serial number of the token allocated to the user.
- Replacement Reason – Reason for the token replacement request.
Note: Replace Token, Token Serial Number, and Replacement Reason display only when an existing user record is being accessed.
Original Owner Information (contains modify fields)
- Token Serial Number – Serial number of the token allocated to the original user.
- First Name – First name of the original owner of the token.
- Last Name – Last name of the original owner of the token.
- User ID – Client-Central user ID of the original owner of the token.
Note: The Original Owner Information section displays only if Reassign Token is selected.
Shipping Address (contains view-only and modify fields)
- Administrator – Selecting this option prefills the address fields with the address of the administrator (person adding or editing this record).
- User – Selecting this option prefills the address fields with the user address specified on User Administration - User Record.
- Default – Selecting this option prefills the address fields with the address specified in the Shipping Address section on User Administration – Defaults.
- Other – Selecting this option allows the user to specify a different shipping address.
Note: The Other option does not display when pages are accessed via the Copy User button on User Administration - Choose User.
- Copied User – Selecting this option prefills the address fields with the user address specified in the copied user's security record.
Note: The Copied User option displays only when pages are accessed via the Copy User button on User Administration - Choose User.
- Institution – Name of the institution to which the token is being shipped.
- Deliver To – Name of the person designated to receive the token.
- Address – Shipping address.
- Country – Destination country of the shipment.
- City – Destination city of the shipment.
- State – Destination state of the shipment.
- ZIP – Destination ZIP code of the shipment.
- Phone – Phone number of the person designated to receive the token.
- Ext – Extension of the person designated to receive the token.
- Fax – Fax number of the person designated to receive the token.
- Email – E-mail address of the person designated to receive the token.
Comments (contains modify fields)
- Comments – Comments that may be useful when processing the token request.
Buttons, links, and icons contained in User Administration - Tokens:
Buttons
Back – Takes you back to User Administration - Availability.
Continue – Takes you to User Administration - Navigation.
Cancel – Takes you to User Administration - Choose User or User Administration - Navigation without saving changes.
OK – Allows you to temporarily save the modifications made to the page. Click the Save or Update button on User Administration - Navigation to permanently save your changes.
Note: The Back and Continue buttons display when pages are accessed from the Add button on User Administration - Choose User. Otherwise, the OK button displays.
Links
None
Icons
None


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20.7 Other Integration TopicsIn this book, the term integration has largely meant mixing Python with components written in C or C++ (or other C-compatible languages) in extending and embedding modes. But from a broader perspective, integration also includes any other technology that lets us mix Python components into larger systems. This last section briefly looks at a handful of integration technologies beyond the C API tools we've seen in this part of the book. 20.7.1 JPython (a.k.a. Jython) IntegrationWe met JPython in Chapter 15but it is worth another mention in the context of integration at large. As we saw earlier, JPython supports two kinds of integration:
In other words, JPython allows Python to be both extended and embedded in Java, much like the C integration strategies we've seen in this part of the book. With the addition of the JPython system, Python may be integrated with any C-compatible program by using C API tools, as well as any Java-compatible program by using JPython. Although JPython provides a remarkably seamless integration model, Python code runs slower in the JPython implementation, and its reliance on Java class libraries and execution environments introduces Java dependencies that may be a concern in some development scenarios. See Chapter 15 for more JPython details; for the full story, read the documentation available online at http://www.jython.org (also available in the JPython package at http://examples.oreilly.com/python2). 20.7.2 COM Integration on WindowsWe briefly discussed Python's support for the COM object model on Windows when we explored Active Scripting in Chapter 15, but it's really a general integration tool that is useful apart from the Internet too. Recall that COM defines a standard and language-neutral object model with which components written in a variety of programming languages may integrate and communicate. Python's win32all Windows extension package tools allow Python programs to implement both server and client in the COM interface model. As such, it provides a powerful way to integrate Python programs with programs written in other COM-aware languages such as Visual Basic, Delphi, Visual C++, PowerBuilder, and even other Python programs. Python scripts can also use COM calls to script popular Microsoft applications such as Word and Excel, since these systems register COM object interfaces of their own. Moreover, the newcomer Python implementation (tentatively called Python.NET) for Microsoft's C#/.NET technology mentioned in Chapter 15 provides another way to mix Python with other Windows components. On the downside, COM implies a level of dispatch indirection and is a Windows-only solution at this writing. Because of that, it is not as fast or as portable as some of the lower-level integration schemes we've studied in this part of the book (linked-in, in-process, and direct calls between Python and C-compatible language components). For nontrivial use, COM is also considered to be a large system, and further details about it are well beyond the scope of this book. For more information on COM support and other Windows extensions, refer to Chapter 15 in this book, and to O'Reilly's Python Programming on Win32. That book also describes how to use Windows compilers to do Python/C integration in much more detail than is possible here; for instance, it shows how to use Visual C++ tools to compile and link Python C/C++ integration layer code. The basic C code behind low-level extending and embedding on Windows is the same as shown in this book, but compiling and linking details vary. 20.7.3 CORBA IntegrationThere is also much support, some of it open source, for using Python in the context of a CORBA-based application. CORBA stands for the Common Object Request Broker; it's a language-neutral way to distribute systems among communicating components, which speak through an object model architecture. As such, it represents another way to integrate Python components into a larger system. Python's CORBA support includes the public domain systems ILU (from Xerox) and fnorb (see http://www.python.org). At this writing, the OMG (Object Management Group, responsible for directing CORBA growth) is also playing host to an effort to elect Python as the standard scripting language for CORBA-based systems. Whether that ultimately transpires or not, Python is an ideal language for programming distributed objects, and is being used in such a role by many companies around the world. Like COM, CORBA is a large system -- too large for us to even scratch the surface in this text. For more details, search Python's web site for CORBA-related materials. 20.7.4 Integration Versus OptimizationGiven so many integration options, choosing between them can be puzzling. When should you choose something like COM over writing C extension modules, for instance? As usual, it depends on why you're interested in mixing external components into your Python programs in the first place. Basically, frameworks such as JPython, COM, and CORBA allow Python scripts to leverage existing libraries of software components, and do a great job of addressing goals like code reuse and integration. However, they say almost nothing about optimization: integrated components are not necessarily faster than the Python equivalents. On the other hand, Python extension modules and types coded in a compiled language like C serve two roles: they too can be used to integrate existing components, but also tend to be a better approach when it comes to boosting system performance. <IP_ADDRESS> Framework rolesLet's consider the big picture here. Frameworks such as COM and CORBA can perhaps be understood as alternatives to the Python/C integration techniques we met in this part of the book. For example, packaging Python logic as a COM server makes it available for something akin to embedding -- many languages (including C) can access it using the COM client-side interfaces we met in Chapter 15. And as we saw earlier, JPython allows Java to embed and run Python code and objects through a Java class interface. Furthermore, frameworks allow Python scripts to use existing component libraries: standard Java class libraries in JPython, COM server libraries on Windows, and so on. In such a role, the external libraries exposed by such frameworks are more or less analogous to Python extension modules. For instance, Python scripts that use COM client interfaces to access an external object are acting much like importers of C extension modules (albeit through the COM indirection layer). <IP_ADDRESS> Extension module rolesPython's C API is designed to serve in many of the same roles. As we've seen, C extension modules can serve as code reuse and integration tools too -- it's straightforward to plug existing C and C++ libraries into Python with SWIG. In most cases, we simply generate and import the glue code created with SWIG to make almost any existing compiled library available for use in Python scripts[9]. Moreover, Python's embedding API allows other languages to run Python code, much like client-side interfaces in COM.
One of the primary reasons for writing C extension modules in the first place, though, is optimization: key parts of Python applications may be implemented or recoded as C or C++ extension modules to speed up the system at large (as in the last chapter's stack examples). Moving such components to compiled extension modules not only improves system performance, but is completely seamless -- module interfaces in Python look the same no matter what programming language implements the module. <IP_ADDRESS> Picking an integration technologyBy contrast, JPython, COM, and CORBA do not deal directly with optimization goals at all; they serve only to integrate. For instance, JPython allows Python scripts to automatically access Java libraries, but generally mandates that non-Python extensions be coded in Java,a language that is itself usually interpreted and no speed demon. COM and CORBA focus on the interfaces between components and leave the component implementation language ambiguous by design. Exporting a Python class as a COM server, for instance, can make its tools widely reusable on Windows, but has little to do with performance improvement. Because of their different focus, frameworks are not quite replacements for the more direct Python/C extension modules and types we've studied in these last two chapters, and are less direct (and hence likely slower) than Python's C embedding API. It's possible to mix-and-match approaches, but the combinations are rarely any better than their parts. For example, although C libraries can be added to Java with its native call interface, it's neither a secure nor straightforward undertaking. And while C libraries can also be wrapped as COM servers to make them visible to Python scripts on Windows, the end result will probably be slower and no less complex than a more directly linked-in Python extension module. As you can see, there are a lot of options in the integration domain. Perhaps the best parting advice I can give you is simply that different tools are meant for different tasks. C extension modules and types are ideal at optimizing systems and integrating libraries, but frameworks offer other ways to integrate components -- JPython for mixing in Java tools, COM for reusing and publishing objects on Windows, and so on. As ever, your mileage may vary. |
| I l@ve RuBoard |


National Shrine not a priority for Government – Minister
The Minister of Chieftaincy and Religious Affairs, Samuel Kofi Dzamesi has denied media reports suggesting government’s intention of building a national shrine for traditional worshipers.
The report attributed to the Minister, had indicated that the construction of a shrine was a step in the right direction since Christian and Islamic faiths in the country will have a national cathedral and mosque respectively.
“Since I took office, as I said, we have a national mosque and now we are in the process of building a national cathedral. And few times, some traditional groupings have also approached me. There was a group of Wulom?i [Ga Traditional Priests] who also approached me and actually asked for a traditional shrine,” he’s quoted by GraphicOnline.
He continued: “I think that since the constitution allows freedom of worship, we will study it very well and see how possible that will also be. We are not ruling out traditional shrines”.
But the Minister in a reaction on Anopa Kasapa on Kasapa 102.5 FM said the report is false insisting that he’d been misquoted.
“I never said that; what is trending now is a misquotation and that’s not what I said. I never said government is going to build a national shrine as being purported.”
He admitted that indeed there have been several requests for such project, but was quick to add that this was not a priority for government.


Show Arrows:
Point masses rotating about a stationary axis
Point masses travelling linearly
The following simulation will compare linear and rotational quantities.
Use the sliders on the left to change different physical quantities.
All circles shown are treated as point masses and attached to a 'massless' string.
Each 'point mass' has the same energy as every other, which may be varied through the
'Energy' slider.
Click on the 'Theory' button to be redirected to in-depth explanations of moments of inertia.
Click on the 'Next' button to be redirected to the next simulation. Enjoy!
$$\omega (rad.s^{-1})$$
$$v_t (m.s^{-1})$$
$$L (kg.m^2.s^{-1})$$
$$I (kg.m^2)$$
$$v(m.s^{-1})$$
$$\rho (kg.m.s^{-1})$$
Mass #1
Mass #2


{{! Stats Tab }}
{{> "systems/wtrpg/templates/actors/parts/tab-character-stats.html"}}
{{! Abilities Tab }}
{{> "systems/wtrpg/templates/actors/parts/tab-character-abilities.html"}}
{{! Magic Tab }}
{{> "systems/wtrpg/templates/actors/parts/tab-character-magic.html"}}
{{! Inventory Tab }}
{{> "systems/wtrpg/templates/actors/parts/tab-character-inventory.html"}}
{{! Background Tab }}
{{> "systems/wtrpg/templates/actors/parts/tab-character-background.html"}}


For the 3D scan I use as a model a small living plant.
I decided to use a plant because it is part of my project, and I thought it would be interesting to scan an organic and delicate object.
I used to do 3D scanning - a Sense 3D Scanner and Sense software that reads the object.
You can find more about this kind of scan at: 3D System
To scan, it is quite simple, just turn the Sense instrument with your hand around the object.
A rotary table can be used to facilitate the capture of the object.
After scanning the plant I tried to scan my face.
The scan captures shape and structure and also captures the object's colors and shadows.
My eyes got a little weird, but 3D did not look too bad.
From the scan of my face I clicked on "solidify" which allowed me to make my bust in 3D.
Then I decided to print on a 3D printer.


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Prodigal son Rory Feely returns to St. Pat's after two years away
by Richie McCormackSt. Patrick's Athletic have continued building for the new season by re-signing Rory Feely.
The 22-year old spent the past two seasons with Waterford having originally left the Saints in January of 2018.
A player of great versatility, Feely played the majority of last season at the RSC at right-back, but can also fill-in at centre-half and as a defensive midfielder. He played 32 games for the Blues last term.
Feely looks back on his original spell at Richmond Park with fondness, "It was a successful underage career - we won the U19 league. We did well the next year.
"When I was breaking into the first team, we did well - lost in the final, which was unfortunate.
"Breaking into the first team under [ex-Pats boss] Liam [Buckley], it was a really good experience.
"I got to play with some experienced players, I got to learn a new position at centre-back. It was great, and just unfortunately it didn't work out at that time and I found myself down at Waterford but... I'm back now".
Feely is Pat's third major arrival under recently-recruited manager Stephen O'Donnell, following Robbie Benson and Jay McClelland.
Feely says O'Donnell has sold him a promising vision of life at Pat's from next season, "As he said himself, he's looking for young ambitious players, and that's the kind of squad I was looking at and want to be part of.
"He's got a clear message across that it's going to be a very ambitious squad, it's going to be good training sessions - everyone's going to be active and enjoying themselves.
"If that's there in a club, the whole squad's happy and the morale's up then results can only go up from that."


The {{ project.title }} has the following features:
Explore all of the dimensions and metrics —
Search or browse by group. Select a dimension or metric for additional
details such as descriptions and attributes.
Identify valid combinations — Learn which
dimensions and metrics can be used together to create valid
combinations.
Modes — Switch modes to organize and view
dimensions and metrics in different ways based on API and UI names.


I tried PowerShell when it was first released, but never used it for real work. I recently attended a “brown bag” presentation about PowerShell. This presentation spurred me to augment our team’s environment with PowerShell and I have been using it every day since.
In the past weeks using and abusing PowerShell, I have drawn two conclusions:
- PowerShell has a killer set of standard tools with brilliantly designed usability.
- The PowerShell team doesn’t understand UNIX and therefore were condemned to reinvented it, poorly — with apologies to Henry Spencer.
First things first: if you spend any time working with Windows, get PowerShell. Now. Stop reading my blog and go download it immediately. It mops the floor with cmd.
The key premise behind PowerShell is that it operates on live .NET objects.
This is beneficial because it eliminates a lot of the text cutting and
manipulation common in shell scripts. Additionally, it puts the full .NET Base
Class Library into your scripting toolbox. PowerShell tools, known as
commandlets, typically only render the most common fields for their objects,
but the less common fields are easily available in memory. By convention,
Commandlets are named with a verb-noun
pattern and support a common command
line parsing behavior. The repository of commandlets and the command line
options of each are easily queried and highly consistent. All this meta-data
makes PowerShell a breeze to learn.
I fell in love with the the discoverablity and ease of use when I tried to kill a collection of runaway processes:
|
OK, that’s pretty cool and oh-so-very Unixy — right? Wrong. Notice the “CommandType” column in the results of get-command. There are many other types of commands besides commandlets: functions, filters, scripts, applications, etc. Each of these has slightly different semantics for pipes and parameters. Applications, for example, have no way of accepting .NET object pipes. You must develop a separate commandlet. Yikes!
Compare to Unix: all commands are applications which accept a command line and
pipe byte streams in and out. Much simpler, but byte streams aren’t as
friendly, discoverable, and maintainable as object streams. However, the
brilliantly simple thing about Unix is that, when you get right down to it,
object streams are just byte streams! There is absolutely nothing stopping you
from implementing get-process
and stop-process
as Unix programs which pipe
object references, JSON, pickled Python objects, XML, S-expressions, or any
other data format you fancy. Doug Mcllroy, the inventor of Unix pipes, was
right: text streams are the universal interface.
Actually, this is no different on Windows. All of the PowerShell commandlets
could have been implemented as applications which import a library. This
library would replace main
in much the same way as winmain
, provide a
metadata enriched implementation of getopt, man
, etc. There is no need to
invent a new shell in order to acquire the power of piping objects. Sure, cmd
is old and needed to be retired for many other reasons, but it is a real shame
that the PowerShell toolset is not available to those of us stuck in batch
scripts.
Personally, I would really like to see such a library developed. Microsoft has certainly proved one thing with PowerShell: steep learning curves are not intrinsic to command line interfaces. Unfortunately, commandlets are two steps forward and one step backwards. I have no doubt that we can retake that forward step.
Imported Comments
klumsy
I find the 2nd point interesting given that most of the powershell team were unix only guys before this project.
Brandon Bloom
I don’t know the history of PowerShell or any of the team members. I’m sure they are all very smart and have a strong grasp of Unix in general. Maybe they understand exactly what I’m getting at, but explicitly rejected it for some non-obvious reasons (such as scheduling, implementation complexity, target users, etc). They probably know better than I do. My apologies for exaggerating to make a point :–)
Howard T. Snidbiscuits
I agree, PowerShell is way better than the primitive, DOS style Windows CMD. However, it’s nothing like a normal Unix shell for me… and I’d rather just use cygwin.
Kosta
Sorry but no: Pipelining objects is much smarter. You can still pipe strings or binary data if you want, but you don’t have all the drawbacks.
And then there’s the security implications. While theoratically possible, are
all your scripts safe against whitespace|“‘`` injection? Piping objects is sooo
much easier AND it does not kill your system if the bytestream contains
rm -rf /`.
Just my two cents…
Powershell Jedi
Unix is optimized around flat files windows is optimized around objects. It’s not the they don’t understand Unix. The Powershell Team has a strong unix Background. It’s just just that M$ has 87% market share and a trillion dollars in the bank share that says F@ck unix.
Brandon Bloom
Piping objects has draw backs too. Here’s a case that came up on the internal PowerShell mailing list…
Unix:
|
PowerShell:
|
Ignore the line length, as I didn’t use any aliases for the PowerShell version. The issue here is that Get-Content returns a String, not a StreamReader. The result is that for large files, the entire String must be read into memory and for really large files, swapped back out to disk!
You could easily work around this with objects; this example is just to show that objects have drawbacks just as byte streams do. Everything is always a balance. I like the Unix approach because it is a simple system with drawbacks that are well understood. I dislike the object approach because it is a complex system with less obvious drawbacks that don’t bite you until much later.
Len
Are you kidding? MS couldn’t even get the simplest thing right. Their “compare-object” is supposed to be their “equivalent” to diff. Not so. Not even close. Try comparing these two files:
|
Unix diff correctly shows how they are different. MS compare-objects says they are the same. Why? Because the latter doesn’t care about order.
Microsoft is not “very smart”. They are demented.


Description
Viral infections are the most common cause of meningitis, followed by bacterial infections and, rarely, fungal infections. Because bacterial infections can be life-threatening, identifying the cause is essential. Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain and spinal cord cause acute bacterial meningitis. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges. This may be caused by an ear or sinus infection, a skull fracture, or, rarely, after some surgeries.Symptoms


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JANE EYRE A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1996 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ***
You have all been to movies that were dogs, but which, nevertheless, contain one or two outstanding performances. Well, tonight I got to see one of those rare examples of the reverse! The great director Franco Zeffirelli, who created the best movie production of Shakespeare in my lifetime, ROMEO AND JULIET (1968), has turned his tremendous creative genius and crafted a wonderful new JANE EYRE.
The substantial flaw that prevents this film from greatness is that Zeffirelli made one terrible casting choice in Charlotte Gainsbourg to play Jane Eyre. This is compounded further by William Hurt approaching his role as the other lead, Edward Rochester, with a cerebral and ethereal approach that lacks the passion and liveliness of past actors (Orson Wells, George C. Scott, and Timothy Dalton) who successfully brought this role to the screen. Even with problems with the leads, the majesty of the film and wonderful story of the novel (by Charlotte Bronte with screenplay by Hugh Whitemore and Franco Zeffirelli) shine through.
The sad tale starts with the lonely voice of 10 year old Jane Eyre, played marvelously by past Academy Award winner for THE PIANO Anna Paquin. She tells us, "My parents died when I was very young ... I went to stay with my Aunt who didn't love me." Her aunt, Mrs. Reed (Fiona Shaw), soon packs her off with the stern and self-righteous Mr. Brocklehurst (John Wood from RICHARD III) who runs the Lowood Charity School. She gives strict instructions that she wants Jane to stay there year round even during vacation. Sound is important in this show. Listen in these scenes the way the sound effects editor has removed almost all ambient noises to accentuate the dialogue and the small sounds in the room.
Mr. Brocklehurst promises to "tame her spirit" which he does by introducing her to her new fellow students with ridicule and making her stand her first day on a stool without food. There are many other scenes of abuse from him and from the head teacher Miss Scatcherd (Geraldine Chaplin). Jane makes instant friends with Helen Burns (Leanne Rowe) whose hair the headmaster chops off because her natural curls are a blasphemy to God. A happy lot, that school.
After an excellent beginning, Zeffirelli sends in the second team. The beautiful and expressive Anna Paquin is replaced by the morose Charlotte Gainsbourg who was able to play a quirky teenager in THE CEMENT GARDEN, but was out of her league as Jane Eyre. She has the long neck of giraffe and enunciates her words without nuance or emotion as if she is angry at the director for requiring her to speak. She creates Jane Eyre as an unlikable and unsympathetic character. Joining Gainsbourg is William Hurt who spends all of the movie brooding.
Jane comes to live at Mr. Rochester's large castle called Thornfield Hall, actually filmed in England at Haddon Hall. She is coming in response to a letter from a Mrs. Fairfax (Joan Plowright) looking for a governess to a young Adele Varens (Josephine Serre) who lives there. Adele is a sweet little girl who asks her new teacher about their relationship, "Mademoiselle, will we be very happy?" Jane sternly replies, "We will work hard, and we will be content."
When Rochester meets Jane, he asks, "Are you fond of presents?" With blank eyes she replies, "I hardly know. I have little experience of them." Jane is painfully honest and tells her master that he is not handsome, but that "tastes differ. Beauty is of little consequence."  Jane learns that Thornfield Hall holds some deep dark secret. The servant Grace Poole (Billie Whitelaw) warns her, "If I were you Miss, I'd get in the habit of bolting my doors when I go to bed."
Soon Rochester is engaged to the beautiful and rich Blanche Ingram (Elle Macpherson from SIRENS). She has radiant, curly, blond hair in sharp contrast to Jane dull, straight, and black hair.
So much about the peripheral aspects of the film are outstanding. The sets by Roger Hall are rich and evocative of the early nineteenth century. They feel real and not like museum pieces. The cinematography (David Watkin) is a somber blend of dark shades of gray, blue, brown, and green. The movie has pervasive and rich music by Claudio Cappani and Alessio Vlad. The music moves seamlessly between the sweeping grandeur and the delicate personal pieces.
After a strong beginning and then a middle featuring too much footage of Gainsbourg, the film really comes into its own in the last part and begins to engage the viewer much more than the middle part. I really liked the show absent the issue of the two leads. The conundrum is why did Zeffirelli cast Charlotte Gainsbourg as Jane Eyre, and why didn't he give better directorial guidance to William Hurt? This is the same director that made the risky decision to cast two young and unknown actors (Olivia Hussey and Leonard Whiting) in the lead rules in ROMEO AND JULIET. This was a decision as brilliant as his logic was flawed in choosing the lifeless Charlotte Gainsbourg as Jane Eyre. I frankly have no idea how he could have made a choice so bad.
JANE EYRE runs a bit long at 1:52 and some parts would have better been left on the cutting room table by editor Richard Marden. The film is correctly rated PG for a single scene of a bloody wound and a couple of mild profanities. There is no violence, nudity, or sex other than a couple of almost platonic kisses. The film would be fine for any kid old enough to be interested in the material which I would guess to be about 9. I really liked the show, flaws and all, and recommend it to you. To be fair, I should point out that my wife thought the movie was "appalling bad," and said she was almost ready walk out. Usually when we disagree, it is a movie that I hate, and she thinks is pretty good, but here we reversed. Finally, I give the film ***.
**** = One of the top few films of this or any year. A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show.  Totally unbearable.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: April 19, 1996
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Web Developer
Coding is the most amazing job:
you get to solve puzzles all day! What could be better than that?
Figuring out how things work has always fascinated me. I'm also intrigued by the concepts of perception/what constitutes reality, the "airy-fairy parts" of quantum physics (as was once amusingly said to me), and cooking and baking various cuisines.
I co-created and produced a short film festival for many years.
Also a recovering post-production worker bee.
Ask lots of questions. And then a few more. What is the purpose and desired outcome? What is the scope? What are the "must haves", the "like to haves", and the "absolutely can't haves"? Who is our user- what do they like, what are they all about? Are we starting from scratch, or is there a previous site/design/blueprint that needs to be followed?
Is 42 really the answer?
What, if anything, is already out there, and what can we learn from it? What worked; what didn’t? Which packages, frameworks, and/or databases should be used- what's best suited for the tasks at hand? What is the most efficient way to deliver the best possible product in a timely manner?
Pseudo code it.
Build it.
Break it.
Rebuild it.
Rinse, repeat, refactor as needed.


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Description: Amaryah Gambol is a 11th grader in high school interested in Film and Digital Tech.


Frequency Response
A sample showing the frequency response graphs of various kinds of BiquadFilterNodes
.
frequency = 1277.46 Hz
Q = 8.59 dB
gain = 3.12
A sample showing the frequency response graphs of various kinds of BiquadFilterNodes
.


--- title: Working with Plugins from PhoneGap Day EU 2012 author: Steve Gill format: html tags: - Plugin - PhoneGap Day - Video ---
Thank you to everyone who attended PhoneGap Day EU and made it such a huge success. We're sharing videos from the event for those of you who weren't able to attend.
Our next video is from Rohde Fischer, who presented about working with plugins at PhoneGap Day EU. He speaks about the plugin architecture and how it helped him with his own projects. You can view the slides from the presentation on Github and view the recording from PhoneGap Day EU below!


perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
This document describes differences between the 5.8.3 release and the 5.8.4
release.
Many minor bugs have been fixed. Scripts which happen to rely on previously
erroneous behaviour will consider these fixes as incompatible changes :-) You
are advised to perform sufficient acceptance testing on this release to
satisfy yourself that this does not affect you, before putting this release
into production.
The diagnostic output of Carp has been changed slightly, to add a
space after the comma between arguments. This makes it much easier for tools
such as web browsers to wrap it, but might confuse any automatic tools which
perform detailed parsing of Carp output.
The internal dump output has been improved, so that non-printable
characters such as newline and backspace are output in
"\x" notation, rather than octal. This
might just confuse non-robust tools which parse the output of modules such
as Devel::Peek.
Perl can now be built to detect attempts to assign pathologically large chunks
of memory. Previously such assignments would suffer from integer wrap-around
during size calculations causing a misallocation, which would crash perl, and
could theoretically be used for "stack smashing" attacks. The
wrapping defaults to enabled on platforms where we know it works (most AIX
configurations, BSDi, Darwin, DEC OSF/1, FreeBSD, HP/UX, GNU Linux, OpenBSD,
Solaris, VMS and most Win32 compilers) and defaults to disabled on other
platforms.
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5.8 has been updated
to 4.0.1 from 4.0.0.
Paul Szabo has analysed and patched "suidperl"
to remove existing known insecurities. Currently there are no known holes in
"suidperl", but previous experience shows
that we cannot be confident that these were the last. You may no longer invoke
the set uid perl directly, so to preserve backwards compatibility with scripts
that invoke #!/usr/bin/suidperl the only set uid binary is now
"sperl5.8."n
("sperl5.8.4" for this release).
"suidperl" is installed as a hard link to
"perl"; both
"suidperl" and
"perl" will invoke
"sperl5.8.4" automatically the set uid
binary, so this change should be completely transparent.
For new projects the core perl team would strongly recommend that
you use dedicated, single purpose security tools such as
"sudo" in preference to
"suidperl".
In addition to bug fixes, "format"'s features
have been enhanced. See perlform
The (mis)use of "/tmp" in core modules and
documentation has been tidied up. Some modules available both within the perl
core and independently from CPAN ("dual-life modules") have not yet
had these changes applied; the changes will be integrated into future stable
perl releases as the modules are updated on CPAN.
- Attribute::Handlers
- B
- Benchmark
- CGI
- Carp
- Cwd
- Exporter
- File::Find
- IO
- IPC::Open3
- Local::Maketext
- Math::BigFloat
- Math::BigInt
- Math::BigRat
- MIME::Base64
- ODBM_File
- POSIX
- Shell
- Socket
- There is experimental support for Linux abstract Unix domain sockets.
- Storable
- Switch
- Synced with its CPAN version 2.10
- Sys::Syslog
- "syslog()" can now use numeric constants
for facility names and priorities, in addition to strings.
- Term::ANSIColor
- Time::HiRes
- Unicode::UCD
- Win32
- Win32.pm/Win32.xs has moved from the libwin32 module to core Perl
- base
- open
- threads
- Detached threads are now also supported on Windows.
- utf8
The Perl debugger (lib/perl5db.pl) can now save all debugger commands for
sourcing later, and can display the parent inheritance tree of a given class.
The build process on both VMS and Windows has had several minor improvements
made. On Windows Borland's C compiler can now compile perl with PerlIO and/or
USE_LARGE_FILES enabled.
"perl.exe" on Windows now has a
"Camel" logo icon. The use of a camel with the topic of Perl is a
trademark of O'Reilly and Associates Inc., and is used with their permission
(ie distribution of the source, compiling a Windows executable from it, and
using that executable locally). Use of the supplied camel for anything other
than a perl executable's icon is specifically not covered, and anyone
wishing to redistribute perl binaries with the icon should check
directly with O'Reilly beforehand.
Perl should build cleanly on Stratus VOS once more.
More utf8 bugs fixed, notably in how "chomp",
"chop",
"send", and
"syswrite" and interact with utf8 data.
Concatenation now works correctly when "use
bytes;" is in scope.
Pragmata are now correctly propagated into (?{...}) constructions
in regexps. Code such as
my $x = qr{ ... (??{ $x }) ... };
will now (correctly) fail under use strict. (As the inner
$x is and has always referred to
$::x)
The "const in void context" warning has been suppressed
for a constant in an optimised-away boolean expression such as
"5 || print;"
"perl -i" could
"fchmod(stdin)" by mistake. This is
serious if stdin is attached to a terminal, and perl is running as root. Now
fixed.
"Carp" and the internal diagnostic routines
used by "Devel::Peek" have been made
clearer, as described in "Incompatible Changes"
Some bugs have been fixed in the hash internals. Restricted hashes and their
place holders are now allocated and deleted at slightly different times, but
this should not be visible to user code.
Code freeze for the next maintenance release (5.8.5) will be on 30th June 2004,
with release by mid July.
This release is known not to build on Windows 95.
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently
posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at
http://bugs.perl.org. There may also be information at http://www.perl.org,
the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the
perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug
down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the
output of "perl -V", will be sent off to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to be analysed by the Perl porting team. You can browse and
search the Perl 5 bugs at http://bugs.perl.org/
The Changes file for exhaustive details on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright
information.


GVUserDefaults 0.9.0 Reference
GVUserDefaults – NSUserDefaults access via properties
Tired of writing all that code to get and set defaults in NSUserDefaults? Want to have code completion and compiler checks by using properties instead?
Usage
Create a category on GVUserDefaults
, add some properties in the .h file and make them @dynamic
in the .m file.
// .h
@interface GVUserDefaults (Properties)
@property (nonatomic, weak) NSString *userName;
@property (nonatomic, weak) NSNumber *userId;
@property (nonatomic) NSInteger integerValue;
@property (nonatomic) BOOL boolValue;
@property (nonatomic) float floatValue;
@end
// .m
@implementation GVUserDefaults (Properties)
@dynamic userName;
@dynamic userId;
@dynamic integerValue;
@dynamic boolValue;
@dynamic floatValue;
@end
Now, instead of using [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"userName"]
, you can simply use [
[GVUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]](Classes/GVUserDefaults.html#//api/name/standardUserDefaults).userName
.
You can even save defaults by setting the property:
[GVUserDefaults standardUserDefaults].userName = @"myusername";
Key prefix
The keys in NSUserDefaults are the same name as your properties. If you’d like to prefix or alter them, add a transformKey:
method to your category. For example, to turn “userName” into “NSUserDefaultUserName”:
- (NSString *)transformKey:(NSString *)key {
key = [key stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0,1) withString:[[key substringToIndex:1] uppercaseString]];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"NSUserDefault%@", key];
}
Registering defaults
Registering defaults can be done as usual, on NSUserDefaults directly (use the same prefix, if any!).
NSDictionary *defaults = @{
@"NSUserDefaultUserName": @"default",
@"NSUserDefaultUserId": @1,
@"NSUserDefaultBoolValue": @YES
};
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:defaults];
However, it’s a lot easier to create a setupDefaults method on the category, which takes care of the transformed keys automatically:
- (NSDictionary *)setupDefaults {
return @{
@"userName": @"default",
@"userId": @1,
@"boolValue": @YES
};
}
Performance
Performance is nearly identical to using NSUserDefaults directly. We’re talking about a difference of 0.05 milliseconds or less.
Install
Install via CocoaPods (pod 'GVUserDefaults'
) or drag the code in the GVUserDefaults subfolder to your project.
Issues and questions
Have a bug? Please create an issue on GitHub!
Contributing
GVUserDefaults is an open source project and your contribution is very much appreciated.
- Check for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug.
- Fork the repository on Github and make your changes on the develop branch (or branch off of it). Please retain the code style that is used in the project.
- Write tests, make sure everything passes.
- Make sure to add yourself to AUTHORS and send a pull request.
License
GVUserDefaults is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.
Thanks
A huge thank you goes to ADVUserDefaults for its method of creating accessors for primitive types.


Joakim Hentula
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