EDWARD WESTON from 'America and Photography' (1929)
Photography in America is in a sadly anemic condition, — only a few strong figures outstanding. Generally speaking, the stage has been held by dextrous technicians who depart as far as possible from photographic quality: or on the other hand by those who think photography an easy way to release and expose their excess personal emotions or aspirations. They could not do so with such an honest, direct, uncompromising medium without resorting to tricks, — diffusion of focus, manipulation of prints, or worse, recording of calculated expressions and postures.
Hundreds of tired businessmen or tradesmen, and idle women, play with photography as a holiday hobby, — then offer their results as 'art!'
Opposing this facile approach is a photography free from technical tricks and incoherent emotionalism. The finished print is previsioned on the ground glass while focussing, the final result felt at that moment, — in all its values and related forms: the shutter's release fixes forever these values and forms, — developing [,] printing becomes only a careful carrying on of the original idea.
Those who feel nothing, or not completely at the time of exposure, relying upon subsequent manipulation to reach an unpremeditated end, are predestined to failure.
Nothing can be transmitted to another unless an original problem has been felt, conceived and solved: not a trivial problem of clever decoration or the personal ego, but the recording of the very quintessence and interdependence of all life.
Vincent Van Gogh wrote: 'A feeling for things in themselves is much more important than a sense of the pictorial.'
Photographers take note!
With a medium capable of revealing more than the eye sees, 'things in themselves' could be recorded, clearly, powerfully: but instead these 'pictorial' photographers resort to impressionistic blur.
Impressionism is scepticism; it puts what one casually notices above what one positively knows.
Not to interpret in terms of personal fancy, transitory and superficial moods, but present with utmost exactness, — this is the way in photography, — and it is not an easy way. Vision, sensitive reaction, the knowing of life, all are requisite in those who would direct through the lens forms from out of nature, — maybe only a fragment, but indicating or symbolising life rhythms.
I have written of photography as 'direct, honest, uncompromising,' — and so it is when used in its purity, if the worker himself is equally sincere and understanding in selection and presentation. Then it has a power and vitality which moves and holds the spectator. There can be no lie in such photography. No human hand of possible frailty has in the recording lessened its pristine beauty, nor misrepresented its meaning, destroying significance.
A once well known photographer stated as an argument for controlled or manipulated prints that photography needed the vitalising influence of the hand. Then why photograph at all! The artist of brush and palette has a trained hand with which to better execute and express all things in a better way. Photography has, as already indicated, intrinsic value and use, apart from any other medium.
I have allowed the word 'art' to enter in? In this day of ever changing values it is immaterial whether or not photography can be labelled art. It is of our day, — we understand, respond to and need photography as a vital contemporary expression.
But for the sake of argument, — the difference between good and bad art in any medium or of any age lies in the creative mind rather than in skill of hands. The way of seeing is what counts and that is conditioned by the artist's attitude, not by his skill as craftsman. Given a big enough artist and lie will make of himself a consummate craftsman to better express his thoughts.


Lakehead
Lakehead University is located in Thunder Bay Ontario with a smaller campus located in Orillia.
Lakehead is known for its advanced computer science program and its unique location in Western
Ontario in the heart of nature. Lakehead has many different clubs and committees you can join such as
PC Gaming Society and Ski and Snowboard Club, as well as many varsity sports such as Basketball,
Volleyball and Nordic Skiing.
- Top Programs
- Business
- Engineering
- Architecture
- Location
- Map
- Heart of downtown Toronto
- Number of Students:
- 36,347
- Average Tuition:
- Tuition varies on the program
- Domestic tuition 7,574.96 CAD
- International tuition 24,792.2 CAD
- Entry Requirements:
- *Need low 80s to be considered for most programs
- No supplementary application form
- International rating:
- 801
- Canadian rating:
- 22
- Average class size:
- 25
Lakehead University
955 Oliver Rd
Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1
Tel:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Admissions:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
www.lakeheadu.ca


Please use |
|---|---|
| effect | A string indicating which animation effect to use for the transition. |
| options | A list of effect-specific properties and easing. |
| duration | A string or number determining how long the animation will run. |
| complete | A function to call once the animation is complete, called once per matched element. |
These functions are R wrappers of
effect(),
hide(),
show() and
toggle() from jQuery UI library. They
should be used in server
of a shiny document.
# NOT RUN { # in shiny ui create a plot plotOutput('foo') # in shiny server apply a 'bounce' effect to the plot jqui_effect('#foo', 'bounce') # in shiny server hide the plot with a 'fold' effect jqui_hide('#foo', 'fold') # in shiny server show the plot with a 'blind' effect jqui_show('#foo', 'blind') # }


{% include "includes/bootstrap_css.html" %} {% include "includes/font_awesome_css.html" %} {% block extra_css %} {% end %}


Copyright (c) 1970s Eric Solomon
Crystals starts on an square empty board (say, 19x19):
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| Some valid
crystals
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| Some invalid
crystals
The top left is symmetric, but has an hole on it and the stones are not orthogonally connected. All the others are not horizontal or vertical symmetric at the center. |
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|
Growing
crystals
White may grow a crystal with those four stones. White usually should choose the biggest crystal he can according to the restrictions. In this case, the crystal is defined by the green dots. Players may drop friendly stones over the crystal or just make a drawing (if playing on paper) defining the crystal. In any case, the opponent cannot drop stones inside grown crystals. |


Class Reunion
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integer
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string
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| Corona SDK APIs Over 500 APIs that enable you to transform your ideas into stunning and innovative app experiences. |
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| Corona Enterprise APIs Extend Corona with native C or Java code. And wrap it behind a cross-platform interface. |
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| Why you'll love Corona | Developers Like You | Dream. Build. Ship. |
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ABHIJEET
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Thank You!
Thanks a lot for contacting me. I will get in touch with you as soon as I can.


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--- permalink: /chapters/ title: Chapters redirect_from: /alumni-chapters/ ---
Alumni chapters are groups of alumni who share a common ground and come together to foster the Jacobs network. As such, chapters form the hubs of the alumni network where alumni not only stay in touch, but also forge new connections. They are about keeping the spirit of our University alive by supporting each other a life long wherever we are on the globe. In this manner, they also spread the name of our University all over the world. The common goals of all alumni chapters are the following:
Every Alumni Chapter has a Chapter Leader who serves as a contact point for both members and the board of the Alumni Association. The specific common grounds Alumni Chapters are based on, can in principle be very diverse. However, there are two basic types of chapters:
Local chapters are groups of alumni living in a certain geographical area, who come together and live the Jacobs network locally. They are the physical meeting point away from Jacobs. Local chapters act as a first point of contact not only for new alumni in a particular area, but also for current students located in the area temporarily, e.g. for their internships.
Currently there are the following local chapters:
Thematics chapters are digital platforms on based on common majors, clubs, causes or careers. The members of a thematic chapter share a common interest in one topic. The focus of those chapters is not on physically meeting but on discussing the common topic and sharing content on it. The Chapter Leader also functions as a moderator here.
Currently, there are the following subject chapters:
Simply click on the respective chapter above to be directed to either a Facebook group or an email address. Most Alumni Chapters can be joined by searching on Facebook for "Jacobs Alumni Chapter ...". If you do not find your chapter - or even would like to found your own one - get in touch with the Assessor for Network Development of the Alumni Board. We are working on streamlining the processes related to Alumni Chapters to make it easier for you to find and join them.


In order to use the SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser, please accept the following license agreement:
SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser includes SNOMED Clinical Terms® (SNOMED CT®) which is used by permission of SNOMED International. All rights reserved. SNOMED CT® was originally created by the College of American Pathologists. “SNOMED”, “SNOMED CT” and “SNOMED Clinical Terms” are registered trademarks of the SNOMED International (www.snomed.org).
Use of SNOMED CT in SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser is governed by the conditions of the following SNOMED CT license issued by the SNOMED International:
1. The meaning of the terms “Affiliate”, or “Data Analysis System”, “Data Creation System”, “Derivative”, “End User”, “Extension”, “Member”, “Non-Member Territory”, “SNOMED CT” and “SNOMED CT Content” are as defined in the SNOMED International Affiliate License Agreement (see www.snomed.org/license.pdf).
2. Information about Affiliate Licensing is available at http://snomed.org/license-affiliate. Individuals or organizations wishing to register as SNOMED International Affiliates can register at mlds.ihtsdotools.org, subject to acceptance of the Affiliate License Agreement (see http://snomed.org/license-affiliate).
3. The current list of SNOMED International Member Territories can be viewed at www.snomed.org/members. Countries not included in that list are “Non-Member Territories”.
4. End Users, that do not hold an SNOMED International Affiliate License, may access SNOMED CT® using SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser subject to acceptance of and adherence to the following sub-license limitations:
a) The sub-licensee is only permitted to access SNOMED CT® using this software (or service) for the purpose of exploring and evaluating the terminology.
b) The sub-licensee is not permitted the use of this software as part of a system that constitutes a SNOMED CT “Data Creation System” or “Data Analysis System”, as defined in the SNOMED International Affiliate License. This means that the sub-licensee must not use SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser to add or copy SNOMED CT identifiers into any type of record system, database or document.
c) The sub-licensee is not permitted to translate or modify SNOMED CT Content or Derivatives.
d) The sub-licensee is not permitted to distribute or share SNOMED CT Content or Derivatives.
5. SNOMED International Affiliates may use SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser as part of a “Data Creation System” or “Data Analysis System” subject to the following conditions:
a) The SNOMED International Affiliate, using SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser must accept full responsibility for any reporting and fees due for use or deployment of such a system in a Non-Member Territory.
b) The SNOMED International Affiliate must not use SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser to access or interact with SNOMED CT in any way that is not permitted by the Affiliate License Agreement.
c) In the event of termination of the Affiliate License Agreement, the use of SNOMED International SNOMED CT Browser will be subject to the End User limitations noted in 4.


As a uSDLC administrator
I want to be able to easily create a new install
so that project settings can be transferred to new instances in the distributes system
uSDLC is designed to be placed in version control in the same repository as the project source code. Start by choosing a package from below and copying it into a blank directory at the top of your project.


--- layout: about title: About ---
:Interests: Medical Image, Coding, Deep Learning, Mathematics, Physics
:Ocupation: M.D.
:Nationality: Repubric of Korea
Welcome to my blog. This blog will support you a lot of information of real coding.


Berkeley Cox
Managing Partner, Banking & Finance and Projects & Real Estate
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Dedicated to the Craft of Building Websites
Every year the brightest web designers and front-end developers descend on Chicago to discuss the latest technologies. Join us this August!
SPEAKERS
World-Class Speakers
Joining us from all around the world are over twenty fantastic speakers, here to share their stories.
SCHEDULE
Three Inspiring Days
Enjoy three inspiring and action-packed days of tals, gatherings, and all-around good times.
VENUE
The Chicago Theatre
Within the heart of downtown Chicago, The Chicago Theatre will provide a beautiful conference venue


Details of Castable Epoxy Resin
Project information
- Category: Castable Epoxy Flooring
Castable Epoxy Flooring.
Introduction to Castable Epoxy Flooring
Casting resins are specially developed epoxy resins, which are designed for casting moulds, figures, jewellery and some other applications. We show you where a casting resin should be used and what to consider when buying a casting resin.
Casting resin is a low-viscosity epoxy resin, which consists of two components: the actual resin and the matching hardener. When these two components are mixed, a chemical reaction occurs, which causes the mass to harden for some time. And this brings us to the special features of casting resin – its thin consistency. This property allows the resin to penetrate and fill even the smallest gaps and cavities. The thinner consistency also has an influence on the curing time, which is considerably longer. With the casting resin, we therefore have a highly specialised product for very specific applications.
Casting Resin Properties :
- Low viscosity consistency
- Significantly longer curing times
- Therefore longer processing times
- With casting resin thicker layers can be cast
- Due to the thin consistency, layers of paint mix quickly
- High quality Epoxy resin with hard surface once hardened
- UV, stain and scratch resistant
- It dries out ultra clear and is very durable. It dries in 36 hours
Colouring Casting Resin
Casting resin can be coloured like epoxy resin with colour pastes, alcohol inks and colour pigments.
ResinTint Liquid Pigment Set
Glow In The Dark Pigment Powder
Since casting resin is low viscous, i.e. thin-bodied, different layers of paint mix faster than with epoxy resin. This does not play a role in most applications, but for example in resin art a good colour separation is important.
Casting Resin Molds
The fastest way to start with Resin casting is using silicone molds. They are available in different shapes and sizes – from small resin casting molds for producing resin jewelry to big molds for casting spheres and other geometric shapes.
Silicone Resin Casting Molds
Resin Casting Molds and Tools Set
Maximum possible Layer Thickness
Casting resins usually cure much more slowly, so they produce less heat. This allows significantly thicker casting layers of up to 10 centimeters. The maximum amount that can be processed at once is also increased, so that depending on the product, up to 10 kg can be processed at once. However, please note the manufacturer’s instructions, as there are also products with which a maximum of 5 centimetres thick layer can be cast at once.
The heat development is generally a very important issue, because if the layer is too thick or too large, epoxy resin in particular can become so hot that it can cause burns. The quality of the cured mixture also suffers, so that total damage to the project can be the result. If the casting resin also becomes too hot due to the exothermic reaction, toxic fumes are released. Therefore, always wear protective clothing and a breathing mask.
Curing Times
Casting resins need up to one week to cure completely. The huge advantage lies in the processing time: If epoxy resin can only be processed for a few minutes up to one hour, Resin Casting Resin offers products with a processing time of up to 24 hours. This has several positive effects:
- For larger areas, this leaves more time for casting and embedding.
- Especially with large quantities of resin with different colours a lot of time is needed.
- Air bubbles can escape much longer due to the open time.
In order not to suffer any setbacks, you should always consider using the right product before pouring resin. Cast resin can be used for the following applications:
Cast resin table / River Table
- Resin Jewellery
- Pouring into silicone molds or other molds
- To fill wood with epoxy resin
Preparation your Resin Casting
- Provide all necessary materials so that they are always at hand
- Protect the workplace with a cardboard or plastic sheet
- If you want to pour out wood or other materials, tape off any holes well so that the resin remains where you want it to be. It is always astonishing where the thin-bodied casting resin finds a way where it does not belong.
- If you want to cast objects or pour wood, seal the surface with a little epoxy resin first
- Read the cast resin manufacturer’s instructions regarding mixing ratio and other safety-relevant information
- Protect yourself with the appropriate protective clothing, safety goggles, nitrile gloves and breathing mask
- Weigh resin and hardener accurately
- Mix both components carefully and for a few minutes
- If you want to colour the epoxy casting resin, add the colour paste or colour pigments and mix the whole thing again thoroughly
- Let the whole thing stand for one minute so that some of the air mixed in can escape
- Pour the resin mixture into the mold or the cavity to be filled
- Any air bubbles can be removed with a hot air dryer or a Butane Torch
- If you want to cast objects, first pour a small amount of resin
- Then place the objects to be poured in with a toothpick or wooden spatula
- With heavy materials, the first layer should already be dry so that they do not sink to the bottom
- Fill up the mold generously afterwards, as the material may shrink a little during curing
Clear Casting Resin – How to Achieve transparent Results
If you do not want to colour your casting resin, then for most applications it is desired that the casting resin hardens crystal clear.
Hardness of the Surface
In general it can be said that epoxy resin surfaces are harder than those of cast resins. This need not always be a bad thing, because lower hardness means more flexibility, which can be a great advantage especially when working with wood, glass or other changing materials. For example, wood shrinks due to changing temperatures or humidity. It is important to consider whether these properties are desired or not. For a table or a surface with a high mechanical load, an epoxy resin, which forms a hard and abrasion-resistant layer, is the better choice. It is therefore worth applying a layer of epoxy resin as a finish to achieve better mechanical strength, for example on a wooden table.
Susceptibility to the Inclusion of Air Bubbles
Both epoxy resin and cast resin Both materials are equally susceptible to air bubble entrapment. Air bubbles can escape more easily with epoxy resin because it is a thinner layer. This allows the bubbles to rise to the surface faster and thus burst. However, cast resin also has an advantage with regard to air inclusions: Due to the long pot life, the air bubbles have longer time to escape from the cast resin.
But also when working with casting resin, you can make some preparations to avoid air bubbles as far as possible, even with thicker layers. If you are working with porous surfaces such as wood, you can apply a thin layer of epoxy resin in advance. This will seal the surface and prevent air bubbles from escaping from these porous surfaces and getting into the resin. The same applies to objects that you want to embed in the resin – a sealant always helps to reduce air inclusions in case of doubt.


Travis Howey
Welcome to my Portfolio. Here I am showing off projects that I have worked on that I am the most proud of
I hope you enjoy my work. If you have any questions or enquiries, shoot me an email
My Work
Here is a few examples of the work that I have done.
Calldrip Redesign
I was lucky enough to get the chance to help redesign the website for my employer Calldrip. Done completely in Hubspot, this was a huge learning experience for me
VueJS Stock Trader App
While in school, one of my final assignments was a game using VueJS. While not design intensive in the slightest, it taught me a lot about how to use VueJS.
My Photos
I am passionate about taking photos. I truly believe that design and photography skills go hand in hand. Both are visual representations of beauty.
Contact me
Let me design your next great website
Shoot me an email or give me a ring.
801-462-6552
traviswhowey@gmail.com


Going offline: Elon Musk says he is disconnecting from Twitter
SAN FRANCISCO, Nov 2 — Tesla chief Elon Musk fired off a tweet yesterday indicating that he is disconnecting from Twitter, perhaps in favour of popular news and discussion platform Reddit.
Kicking the Twitter habit would be a radical change for the colourful serial entrepreneur who is known for tweeting so freely that he landed in hot water with the US Securities and Exchange Commission which accused him of misleading investors on the platform.
“Not sure about good of Twitter,” Musk told his more than 29 million followers in a series of rapid-fire tweets.
“Reddit still seems good.”
“Going offline,” Musk concluded.
Musk is being sued for defamation in Los Angeles by a man who helped in the dramatic rescue of 12 boys trapped in an underwater cave in Thailand last year.
Musk called the British caver a “pedo guy” on Twitter following a highly public spat between the two after Musk travelled to Thailand and offered to assist in rescue efforts.
Musk said in a court filing last month that he did not mean to accuse the caver of paedophilia when he referred to him as “pedo guy.”
In the filing, Musk claimed the term was a common insult used in South Africa when he was growing up, synonymous with “creepy old man.”
The case is set to go to trial on December 2.
Musk’s trouble with the SEC meanwhile stems from multiple tweets.
In February 2018 he posted that Tesla would make 500,000 cars in 2019 — up from the 400,000 that the company had estimated until then, an apparent increase on a benchmark tied to profitability, which elicited a rebuke from the SEC.
In a separate Twitter incident the following August, Musk claimed on the platform that he had secured funding to take Tesla private, which was quickly aborted, leading the SEC to accuse him of defrauding investors.
The SEC subsequently required Musk to step down as chairman and pay US$20 million to settle charges over the matter.
Musk and the SEC early this year reached a deal to settle their differences over his Twitter use.
The agreement set out clearer guidelines on topics Musk should avoid on Twitter or other social media, including statements about acquisitions, mergers, new products and production numbers.
Musk’s Friday farewell tweet was met with thousands of replies, many expressing sadness and urging him to make his next online commentary platform definitively known. — AFP


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{/block}
{block name="style"}{/block}
{block name="body"}
{block name="header"} {include file="manage/view@common/header" /} {/block}
{block name="sidebar"} {include file="manage/view@common/sidebar" /} {/block}
{block name="content"}{/block}
{/block} {block name="js"} {/block} {block name="script"}{/block}


Here's a time I got blocked on a simple problem and a time I solved a problem in an elegant way.
I was trying to learn a new built in method .find() ]in the JavaScript language, somewhat like how you would learn how to use a new word in a sentence. I knew what the word itself meant, but not how to use it. It seemed easy enough to look up how to use the method.
I first reflected on the instructions of the task: what was it really asking me to do? I tried to write this as pseudocode (comments that tell me how I want the code to eventually look without all the technical stuff). Then I googled .find(), to try and understand how to use it. Once I was comfortable with that, I tried to use the method. I tried multiple different ways, and none of them worked. This was frustrating.
I read the error message. That didn’t really help. I tried to put brackets in different places. Tried reorganising the order of my code. Tried to look for more examples of how to use the method on google. This was annoying now.
I asked for help. I asked my peers what I had missed in this exercise. The tests were not returning enough information for me to make another attempt.  When they responded and offered ideas, it helped me to think for myself by adding a different perspective. They also offered some reassurance that they had found it hard as well.
They were super helpful. They helped me understand I needed another part to make the method work (a function), and they also helped me understand I needed to think about what would happen if I couldn’t find the thing I was looking for.
I learnt that I’m too proud to ask for help but that was really the turning point for me. It opened up alternatives that I understood which reassured me I knew enough about what I was trying to achieve to keep trying.
The task was to take a sentence and put it through a function to return the whole sentence backwards. The problem was that I thought I knew how to do this with numbers in an array but couldn’t work out how to apply my .push method to a sentence (a string).
I spent a good 10minutes on this before re-reading the question and noticing the title of the exercise ‘reverse a string’. I watched a video which helped me understand I could split up the word turning it into an array, which I could then use the .reverse() method on. I also forgot I needed to put it back together again, which I think I will now remember as a humpty dumpty situation. If I split something up, I most likely will need to .join() it back together again.
During this I felt a little frustrated as I thought it would be manageable. I got annoyed that I couldn’t make my method work and then was embarrassed that I didn’t read the instructions well.
I learnt that having a go with my own knowledge isn’t that bad of a thing but it is worth reading the questions properly to begin with.


Account ID
Account ID
Account BalanceNXT Account Balance NXT
Account BalanceCalculating CoinoUSD Balance...
Enter your NXT account number below. This will allow FreeMarket to know which items for sale are yours, and to display your NXT account balance. Your secret passphrase is NOT required for this.


Stepwise regression analysis for variable selection can be used to get the best candidate final regression model in univariate or multivariate regression analysis with the 'forward' and 'stepwise' steps. Procedure uses Akaike information criterion, the small-sample-size corrected version of Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, Hannan and Quinn information criterion, the corrected form of Hannan and Quinn information criterion, Schwarz criterion and significance levels as selection criteria, where the significance levels for entry and for stay are set to 0.15 as default. Multicollinearity detection in regression model are performed by checking tolerance value, which is set to 1e-7 as default. Continuous variables nested within class effect are also considered in this package.
| Version: | 1.0.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.13) |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp, RcppEigen |
| Published: | 2017-11-03 |
| Author: | Junhui Li,Kun Cheng,Wenxin Liu |
| Maintainer: | Junhui Li <junhuili at cau.edu.cn> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | StepReg results |
| Reference manual: | StepReg.pdf |
| Package source: | StepReg_1.0.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: StepReg_1.0.0.zip, r-release: StepReg_1.0.0.zip, r-oldrel: StepReg_1.0.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: StepReg_1.0.0.tgz, r-oldrel: StepReg_1.0.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=StepReg to link to this page.


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I am the evolution of a Linux system administrator to a Technical Manager,
Passionate by DevOps technologies and in love with the Golang Programming Language
Check out the languages i'm most proficient with:
The easiest way to contact me is via Twitter: @AxelDEAU


Gain the foresight to prevent weather from impacting your business
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Half a year ago, I was asked ' what is the difference of "span" tag and "div" tag' , I answered that "span is for storing small things and div is for storing bigger things", because that's my sence for these two tags, after that interview, I googled them and found that span is a inline tag and div is a block tag, I know them, seriously, I know that span is an inline tag and div is a block element tag but for some reason I take that for granted, it was like you breathe the air everyday and you can not tell what are in the air, I think this is a common situation for those developers who just code everyday and do not prepare for the interviews (of course it was my fault that I did not prepare enough for that interview), so I create this page to write some examples about inline tags and block tags, for those who are preparing for an interview, you might use this as an example if you do not know what inline tags and block tags look like.
I googled an answer from HERE, which says: The difference between span and div is that a span element is in-line and usually used for a small chunk of HTML inside a line (such as inside a paragraph) whereas a div (division) element is block-line (which is basically equivalent to having a line-break before and after it) and used to group larger chunks of code.

 tag is block tag
Here is a list of block element tags, they all take a whole line space. Of course I use a block tag

 to display them.


[gecode-users] random / mod
Christian Schulte
schulte at imit.kth.se
Fri Aug 25 10:01:56 CEST 2006
Yes, the reason why I did not reply immediately is like with Guido: I
believe that our current engines never mix the generation of branching
descriptions with their use in recomputation. But in general this invariant
does not hold.
The good news, though, is the contrary to what you have asked: if you happen
to implement a randomized branching then batch recomputation will come
without extra cost.
And I really would like to stress the point that making randomized branching
with recomputation is not magic: random generators are stateful but
deterministic programs generating sequences of pseudo-random numbers. So
recording the state of the generator will always be sufficient to make it
work with recomputation.
The only problem I see is that the standard Unix random generator has an
interface that does not expose this fact.
Cheers
Christian
--
Christian Schulte, http://www.imit.kth.se/~schulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Guido Tack
Sent: Friday, August 25, 2006 9:56 AM
To: Torsten Anders
Cc: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] random / mod
Hi Torsten.
> Here is a related question: would batch recomputation simplify the
> definition of randomized selection schemes? That is, are the
> decisions made by the branching recorded by the batch recomputation
> mechanism such that randomized selection schemes come fore free?
It could be achieved using batch recomputation, but there is a
caveat: a search engine is allowed to ask the same space for a
branching description more than once.
It is possible (in fact not hard) to implement a search engine that
only computes descriptions once for a space. These search engines
would work well with randomized branchings. I don't know what our
built-in search engines currently do, I'll have to take a closer look.
Cheers,
Guido
--
Guido Tack
Programming Systems Lab, Saarland University, Germany
http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/~tack
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Package and module writing guidelines¶
If you want to extend functionality in VIKI, you can make your own module. The module basically describes the ROS package, which you have written. When developing a ROS package for use in VIKI, it is good to follow some general guidelines to optimize the use and re-use of your package.
Modularity¶
VIKI aims at creating and maintaining a highly modular environment. This means we highly encourage you to write your modules as modular as possible. It is good to really think beforehand what you want the module to do and keep it as general as possible.
Location¶
If you want to add your own module, you can place this in your own folder in the viki_modules directory. If you have installed VIKI properly, you should have a viki_modules directory inside the src directory in your workspace. In there, there is the core directory that supplies the basic modules for VIKI. You can place a directory next to that, where your own modules and packages will live. You can place the viki.xml for VIKI in the same folder as you create your ROS package with.
+--- catkin_ws/src
|------ viki/
|------ viki_modules/
| |--- core/
| |--- <user>
| | |--- <your_module>
| | | |--- src/
| | | |--- package.xml
| | | |--- viki.xml
| | |--- <your_second_module>
| | |--- src/
| | |--- package.xml
| | |--- viki.xml
Since VIKI does have good dependency management, you can also just put your ROS package in its own seperate repository and define the dependency in the module file.
Checklist¶
When writing a (ROS package for a) VIKI module you must:
- Use catkin to build your package
- Specify the right dependencies in the package.xml file (from ROS)
- Specify your name and contact information within the viki.xml file
- Specify your own package name in the dependency in the viki.xml file
Your module must:
- Publish its topics in its base namespace (so no ‘/’ at the start of your topic name). (For more information about namespaces, see http://wiki.ros.org/Names ) If you use python, this is done automatically, but if you’re using C++, make sure you have the right nodehandle.
Your module should
- Have a clear (and preferably short) answer to the question: ‘What is the task of this module?’
Your ROS package/node should:
- Live in the same folder as the viki.xml file
- Have clear documentation within the code


https://www.powershellempire.com/
https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire
Empire
Empire is a post-exploitation framework that includes a pure-PowerShell2.0 Windows agent, and a pure Python 2.6/2.7 Linux/OS X agent. It is the merge of the previous PowerShell Empire and Python EmPyre projects. The framework offers cryptologically-secure communications and a flexible architecture. On the PowerShell side, Empire implements the ability to run PowerShell agents without needing powershell.exe, rapidly deployable post-exploitation modules ranging from key loggers to Mimikatz, and adaptable communications to evade network detection, all wrapped up in a usability-focused framework. PowerShell Empire premiered at BSidesLV in 2015 and Python EmPyre premeiered at HackMiami 2016.
Empire relies heavily on the work from several other projects for its underlying functionality. We have tried to call out a few of those people we've interacted with heavily here and have included author/reference link information in the source of each Empire module as appropriate. If we have failed to improperly cite existing or prior work, please let us know.
Empire is developed by @harmj0y, @sixdub, @enigma0x3, rvrsh3ll, @killswitch_gui, and @xorrior.
Feel free to join us on Slack! http://adaptiveempire.slack.com/
Install
To install, run the ./setup/install.sh script or use the corresponding docker image docker pull empireproject/empire.
There's also a quickstart here and full documentation here.
Contribution Rules
Contributions are more than welcome! The more people who contribute to the project the better Empire will be for everyone. Below are a few guidelines for submitting contributions.
Submit pull requests to the dev branch. After testing, changes will be merged to master.
Depending on what you're working on, base your module on ./lib/modules/powershell_template.py or ./lib/modules/python_template.py. Note that for some modules you may need to massage the output to get it into a nicely displayable text format with Out-String.
Cite previous work in the 'Comments' module section.
If your script.ps1 logic is large, may be reused by multiple modules, or is updated often, consider implementing the logic in the appropriate data/module_source/* directory and pulling the script contents into the module on tasking.
Use approved PowerShell verbs for any functions.
PowerShell Version 2 compatibility is STRONGLY preferred.
TEST YOUR MODULE! Be sure to run it from an Empire agent before submitting a pull to ensure everything is working correctly.
For additional guidelines for your PowerShell code itself, check out the PowerSploit style guide.


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block title %}Catalog{% endblock %} {% block layout-content %}
This list is sorted by olympiad category, then alphabetically by name.
Each topic has one or more units which is designated by a three-letter code.
This page was last updated {% now "r" %}.
{% regroup object_list by get_subject_display as grouped_unit_list %} {% for subject, item_list in grouped_unit_list %}
{{ unitgroup.name }}
[{{ unitgroup.get_subject_short_display }},
{% for unit in unitgroup.unit_set.all %} {{ unit.code }}{% endfor %}].
{{ unitgroup.description }}


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See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Authenticator |
Handles SASL authentication with Cassandra servers.
|
| AuthProvider |
Provides
Authenticator instances for use when connecting
to Cassandra nodes. |
| Cluster.Initializer |
Initializer for
Cluster instances. |
| GettableByIndexData |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can be retrieved by index (starting at zero).
|
| GettableByNameData |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can be retrieved by name.
|
| GettableData |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can be retrieved either by index (starting at zero) or by name.
|
| Host.StateListener |
Interface for listeners that are interested in hosts added, up, down and
removed events.
|
| LatencyTracker |
Interface for objects that are interested in tracking the latencies
of the driver queries to each Cassandra nodes.
|
| PreparedStatement |
Represents a prepared statement, a query with bound variables that has been
prepared (pre-parsed) by the database.
|
| ResultSet |
The result of a query.
|
| ResultSetFuture |
A future on a
ResultSet . |
| Row |
A CQL Row returned in a
ResultSet . |
| SchemaChangeListener |
Interface for objects that are interested in tracking schema change events in the cluster.
|
| Session |
A session holds connections to a Cassandra cluster, allowing it to be queried.
|
| Session.State |
The state of a Session.
|
| SettableByIndexData<T extends SettableByIndexData<T>> |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can be set by index (starting at zero).
|
| SettableByNameData<T extends SettableData<T>> |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can set by name.
|
| SettableData<T extends SettableData<T>> |
Collection of (typed) CQL values that can be set either by index (starting at zero) or by name.
|
| SSLOptions |
Defines how the driver configures SSL connections.
|
| TimestampGenerator |
Generates client-side, microsecond-precision query timestamps.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractGettableData | |
| AbstractSession |
Abstract implementation of the Session interface.
|
| AbstractTableMetadata |
Base class for Tables and Materialized Views metadata.
|
| AggregateMetadata |
Describes a CQL aggregate function (created with
CREATE AGGREGATE... ). |
| AtomicMonotonicTimestampGenerator |
A timestamp generator based on
System.currentTimeMillis() , with an incrementing atomic counter
to generate the sub-millisecond part. |
| BatchStatement |
A statement that groups a number of
Statement so they get executed as
a batch. |
| BoundStatement |
A prepared statement with values bound to the bind variables.
|
| CloseFuture |
A future on the shutdown of a Cluster or Session instance.
|
| Cluster |
Information and known state of a Cassandra cluster.
|
| Cluster.Builder |
Helper class to build
Cluster instances. |
| CodecRegistry |
A registry for
TypeCodec s. |
| CodecUtils |
A set of utility methods to deal with type conversion and serialization.
|
| ColumnDefinitions |
Metadata describing the columns returned in a
ResultSet or a
PreparedStatement . |
| ColumnDefinitions.Definition |
A column definition.
|
| ColumnMetadata |
Describes a Column.
|
| Configuration |
The configuration of the cluster.
|
| Configuration.Builder |
A builder to create a new
Configuration object. |
| DataType |
Data types supported by cassandra.
|
| DataType.CollectionType |
Instances of this class represent collection types, that is,
lists, sets or maps.
|
| DataType.CustomType |
A "custom" type is a type that cannot be expressed as a CQL type.
|
| DataType.NativeType |
Instances of this class represent CQL native types,
also known as CQL primitive types.
|
| DefaultPreparedStatement | |
| DelegatingCluster |
Base class for custom
Cluster implementations that wrap another instance (delegate / decorator pattern). |
| ExecutionInfo |
Basic information on the execution of a query.
|
| FunctionMetadata |
Describes a CQL function (created with
CREATE FUNCTION... ). |
| Host |
A Cassandra node.
|
| IndexMetadata |
An immutable representation of secondary index metadata.
|
| JdkSSLOptions |
SSLOptions implementation based on built-in JDK classes. |
| JdkSSLOptions.Builder |
Helper class to build JDK-based SSL options.
|
| KeyspaceMetadata |
Describes a keyspace defined in this cluster.
|
| LocalDate |
A date with no time components, no time zone, in the ISO 8601 calendar.
|
| MaterializedViewMetadata |
An immutable representation of a materialized view.
|
| Metadata |
Keeps metadata on the connected cluster, including known nodes and schema definitions.
|
| Metrics |
Metrics exposed by the driver.
|
| MetricsOptions |
Metrics options. |
| NettyOptions |
A set of hooks that allow clients to customize the driver's underlying Netty layer.
|
| NettySSLOptions |
SSLOptions implementation based on Netty's SSL context. |
| PagingState |
The paging state of a query.
|
| ParseUtils |
Simple utility class used to help parsing CQL values (mainly UDT and collection ones).
|
| PerHostPercentileTracker |
A
LatencyTracker that records latencies for each host over a sliding time interval, and exposes an
API to retrieve the latency at a given percentile. |
| PerHostPercentileTracker.Builder |
Helper class to builder
PerHostPercentileTracker instances with a fluent interface. |
| PlainTextAuthProvider |
A simple
AuthProvider implementation. |
| PoolingOptions |
Options related to connection pooling.
|
| PreparedId |
Identifies a PreparedStatement.
|
| ProtocolOptions |
Options of the Cassandra native binary protocol.
|
| QueryLogger |
A configurable
LatencyTracker that logs all executed statements. |
| QueryLogger.Builder |
Helper class to build
QueryLogger instances with a fluent API. |
| QueryLogger.ConstantThresholdQueryLogger |
A QueryLogger that uses a constant threshold in milliseconds
to track slow queries.
|
| QueryLogger.DynamicThresholdQueryLogger |
A QueryLogger that uses a dynamic threshold in milliseconds
to track slow queries.
|
| QueryOptions |
Options related to defaults for individual queries.
|
| QueryTrace |
The Cassandra trace for a query.
|
| QueryTrace.Event |
A trace event.
|
| RegularStatement |
A regular (non-prepared and non batched) CQL statement.
|
| ServerSideTimestampGenerator |
A timestamp generator that always returns
Long.MIN_VALUE , in order to let Cassandra
assign server-side timestamps. |
| SimpleStatement |
A simple
RegularStatement implementation built directly from a query
string. |
| SocketOptions |
Options to configure low-level socket options for the connections kept
to the Cassandra hosts.
|
| Statement |
An executable query.
|
| StatementWrapper |
Base class for custom
Statement implementations that wrap another statement. |
| TableMetadata |
Describes a Table.
|
| TableOptionsMetadata | |
| ThreadLocalMonotonicTimestampGenerator |
A timestamp generator based on
System.currentTimeMillis() , with an incrementing thread-local counter
to generate the sub-millisecond part. |
| Token |
A token on the Cassandra ring.
|
| TokenRange |
A range of tokens on the Cassandra ring.
|
| TupleType |
A tuple type.
|
| TupleValue |
A value for a Tuple.
|
| TypeCodec<T> | |
| TypeCodec.AbstractCollectionCodec<E,C extends Collection<E>> | |
| TypeCodec.AbstractMapCodec<K,V> | |
| TypeCodec.AbstractTupleCodec<T> |
Base class for codecs mapping CQL
tuples to Java objects. |
| TypeCodec.AbstractUDTCodec<T> |
Base class for codecs mapping CQL
user-defined types (UDTs) to Java objects. |
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveBooleanCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive booleans,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveByteCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive bytes,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveDoubleCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive doubles,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveFloatCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive floats,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveIntCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive ints,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveLongCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive longs,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeCodec.PrimitiveShortCodec |
A codec that is capable of handling primitive shorts,
thus avoiding the overhead of boxing and unboxing such primitives.
|
| TypeTokens |
Utility methods to create
TypeToken instances. |
| UDTValue |
A value for a User Defined Type.
|
| UserType |
A User Defined Type (UDT).
|
| UserType.Field |
A UDT field.
|
| VersionNumber |
A version number in the form X.Y.Z with optional pre-release labels and build metadata.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| BatchStatement.Type |
The type of batch to use.
|
| ClusteringOrder |
Clustering orders.
|
| ConsistencyLevel | |
| DataType.Name |
The CQL type name.
|
| HostDistance |
The distance to a Cassandra node as assigned by a
LoadBalancingPolicy (through its distance method). |
| IndexMetadata.Kind | |
| ProtocolOptions.Compression |
Compression supported by the Cassandra binary protocol.
|
| ProtocolVersion |
Versions of the native protocol supported by the driver.
|
| WriteType |
The type of a Cassandra write query.
|
Cluster
class.


Main Focus
Designing and oulaying your content throuhout the website, and creating a beautiful landing page.
Good for
an online presence to represent you and your work/business.
youl be able to log in to the backend of your site and easily add, remove and change things, based on the custom build we decide on.
Main Focus
Building a system for your ideas vision.
Good for
an online presence to sell/rent your products.
youl be able to log in to the backend of your site and easily add, remove and change things, based on the custom build we decide on.


AFRIMA 2019: Burna Boy Wins African Artiste Of The Year
by Donatus AnichukwuezeRave of the moment, Burna Boy’s year keeps getting better as the Nigerian superstar grabbed yet another trophy Saturday night following his Grammy nomination earlier in the week.
The African Giant was crowned the African Artiste of the year at the 6th AFRIMA staged at Eko Hotel and Suites in Lagos.
He also won Best Male artiste in West Africa.
The annual event was attended by Nigeria’s Minister of Information and Culture, Lai Mohammed.
Almost like the Headies Awards a few weeks back, many of the Nigerian artistes who won awards, including Burna Boy were absent.
Most of them were represented by their managers, but award winners from other regions in Africa turned up for the show.
Wizkid won song of the year in Africa, with his song ‘Fever’, while Tiwa Savage won Best Female Artiste in Western Africa. The award was collected by her manager.


To ensure a safe environment players need to feel secure and comfortable while using our services by preventing bullying, intimidation, manipulation, discrimination, and similar activities.
To ensure an enjoyable environment players need to be welcomed in a friendly yet competitive community in which nobody deliberately spoils their game. This includes watching out for malicious behaviour such as spawn killing, bug and command abuse, ruining a cruise, as well as spam and excess profanity, while finding the assistance they need to get familiar with our game.
To ensure a fair environment players need to have the same opportunities for success. This means preventing unfair advantages such as cheating, and consistently applying punishment when necessary.
This goal applies to all players on the server, which includes administrators and management members.


WMS Factory Design
glideclientglobal ClassAd
Jump to:
Frontend Advertisement of Globals
The Frontend advertises the one ClassAd per Frontend Group per Factory. The ClassAd contains the credentials that are mapped to that Factory and are categorized by security class.
- Information used to identify the Classad.
- Values used to manage Classads in the Collector.
- Name = "glidein_name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(this is just ReqName@ClientName)
- Internal ClassAd type of Master
- Values used to distinguish the different ClassAd types and used by GlideinWMS to query the Collector
- GlideinMyType = "glideclientglobal"
- Values set by GlideinWMS to be used by HTCondor but not by GlideinWMS
- MyType = "glideclientglobal"
- Values used to manage Classads in the Collector.
- Information about the configuration and installation. This is used by admins for
querying the collector or possibly in match expressions.
- These describe the Frontend and group making the request.
- ClientName = "frontend_name.group_name"
- FrontendName = "frontend_name"
- GroupName = "group_name"
- GlideinWMSVersion = "glideinWMS UNKNOWN"
- These describe the Frontend and group making the request.
- Encrypted security parameters. The Factory and Frontend use these to identify and
talk with each other. These values will be encrypted in the actual Classad.
- The Frontend needs to tell the Factory what security name it is mapped to.
- GlideinEncParamSecurityName = "encrypted security name"
- The symmetric key used for encryption. The Frontend generates this key and encrypts it using the Factory
public key. All other encrypted parameters passed to the Factory are encrypted with the symmetric key.
- ReqPubKeyID = "03910dfe2d1101f80fd4f7c388fd2e1c"
- ReqPubKeyCode = "03910dfe2d1101f80fd4f7c388fd2e1c"
- Encrypted identity that is mapped to expected identity (as listed in the Factory configuration).
- ReqEncIdentity =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- The Frontend needs to tell the Factory what security name it is mapped to.
- Credentials allowed for this Frontend group for this Factory. The credentials are
identified by an ID, which needs to be unique and must stay the same for the lifetime of the requests that use it (a renewed proxy
will have the same ID as the expired proxy with the same subject). Credential ids should not based on the type or content of the
credential. An example would be to base the ID on a hash of the filename. All these attributes are encrypted with the
Frontend-generated symmetric key.
- Credential and associated security class.
- GlideinEncParamID = "encrypted credential with id_1"
- GlideinEncParamSecurityClassID = "encrypted security class for credential id_1"
- GlideinEncParamID = "encrypted credential with id_2"
- GlideinEncParamSecurityClassID = "encrypted security class for credential id_2"
- Etc.
- Total number of credentials sent which is used for verification in the Factory.
- GlideinEncParamNumberOfCredentials = encrypted number of credentials
- Credential and associated security class.
Example glideclient ClassAd
MyType = "glideclientglobal" GlideinMyType = "glideclientglobal" **ReqEncIdentity = "fb5c26ceaca17ead" Name = "glidein_name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AuthenticatedIdentity =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>**GlideinEncParam16118 = "15bb98e16d8a062dad0eec6312c53cb6970" MyAddress = "<<IP_ADDRESS>:0>" UpdatesHistory = "0x00000000000000000000000000000000" GlideinWMSVersion = "glideinWMS Version" UpdatesLost = 0 ReqPubKeyID = "b3dde1f9a255898119c1ca2de46e1a38" UpdatesSequenced = 0 UpdatesTotal = 3 GlideinEncParamNumberOfCredentials = "1dcc07fd85a3ed4b63703e26511faa17" GlideinEncParamSecurityName = "0c8cc8ed2c70d1e3611485094a71c97b" CurrentTime = time() **GlideinEncParamSecurityClassCREDID = "fb5c26dc228c85e7d5f1b28cff017" LastHeardFrom =<PHONE_NUMBER> **ReqEncKeyCode = "bea430068f971255df594a5c4f4cbed8157a8a7511d20f13ab" **Note: This attribute was shortened to fit into this document.


Task SLAs and Prioritization
Due Dates and Alerts
Most manual tasks within MDW should have an SLA configured to signify the maximum expected duration for the task.
This helps to track which tasks are taking longer to complete than expected.
You define the SLA for a task using the Design tab of a Manual Task Activity (see screenshot below).
SLAs are specified in Minutes, Hours or Days.
The time intervals for both SLAs and Alerts are measured in actual duration rather than in business hours (e.g. an interval of 24 hours means the deadline will pass tomorrow).
Both SLAs and alerts affect the State of a task instance (as opposed to its Status, which is independent).
When a task instance is created at runtime, a Due Date is established and the clock starts ticking.
By default, the Due Date is calculated based on the defined SLA (but this calculation can be customized -- see Prioritization).
This means if the SLA value is 8 hours, the Due Date will pass 8 hours after the task is first created.
When a Due Date for a task instance passes, the State of the task instance is set to Jeopardy.
The Alert state offers an opportunity for users to receive advance warning when a deadline for task completion is approaching.
When a task instance's Due Date has approached within the configured Alert Interval, the State of the task instance is set to Alert.
In the example above, where the SLA is 8 hours, if the Alert Interval were 1 hour then the task instance State would change to Alert after 7 hours.
During the lifecycle of a task instance, both Jeopardy and Alert state transitions can trigger e-mail or desktop Notifications.
In the MDW Task Manager webapp, users can filter and sort on the Advisory column, which reflects the Alert or Jeopardy state of a manual task.
Users can also filter and sort by Due Date.
Note: if a task definition does not include an SLA or Due Date specification, no Due Date will be inserted for its instances,
and the Due Date Range criteria must be cleared in order to display them. In this case it's recommended to utilize the MDWHub Configuration feature to either populate the Due Date Range with empty values or remove this criteria field altogether.
Prioritization
As depicted in the above screenshot, users can use Due Date and Advisory to help manage and prioritize task instances.
Another mechanism that MDW provides is Task Prioritization, which can be used by itself or in conjunction with Due Dates.
Task priorities can take on any integer value, with the convention being that lower numbers represent higher priorities (except that zero means no priority is defined).
The priority value is assigned according to a customizable Prioritization Strategy.
Strategies are provided in the form of Java classes that implement the PrioritizationStrategy interface.
Two prioritization strategy implementations are provided out-of-the-box with MDW:
- Specified:
Priority is pre-wired according to a value specified with the task definition.
- Rules-Based:
Determines priority based on a configured rules definition Workflow Asset (either a Drools DRL document or an Excel decision table).
To select a prioritization strategy, use the dropdown on the Manual Task activity Design tab (see screenshot above).
For a completely custom strategy, simply type your fully-qualified implementor class name in the Prioritization Strategy combo box.
However, a high degree of customization can be achieved through the prebuilt rules-based strategy. An example of this is provided with the SimplePrioritizationRules.xlsx spreadsheet in the MDW Baseline package.
Prioritization strategies can be used to customize both task Priority and task Due Date. The PrioritizationStrategy interfaces specifies two methods for this purpose (determineDueDate() and determinePriority()).
The due date calculation is performed first, and its value is passed to the priority calculation so that it can be used as an input if desired. Task template attributes and indexed process variable values are also available as inputs to both calculations (through the getParameters() method).
It should be noted that the same strategy implementor instance is used for both calculations, so instance-level variables can be stored and accessed between the two.
Notices
Task Notices and (less commonly) Task Observers can be configured so that they are triggered when a task enters Jeopardy or Alert State.
Regardless of whether notices or observers are configured, the Alert and Jeopardy state of manual tasks are displayed in red highlighted text in Task Manager as illustrated in the screen shot below.


Weather Report Dashboard
Search by City
Clear History
Temperature:
Humidity:
Wind Speed:
Heat Index:
UV Index:
5-Day Forecast


Help
Please also see
https://github.com/GSIAzureCOE/COECheck
for more details
Tutorial Video
Coming Soon


This example displays the Wicket integration components of the Yahoo UI library.
Menu Animation Container Menu Menu 2 - Menu Bar Menu 2 - Menu Menu 2 - Group Menu Menu 2 - Context Menu Menu 2 - Context Menu on a Tree Stretch Animation - Animation Effects Animation 2 - AnimatedThumbnail Animation 3 - Ellipse Gallery Animation 4 - Thumbnail Gallery Dialog Yui Panel Yui Panel as window Drag Drop Editor Misc Sortable list Reordering List Dynamic Tabbed Panel Yui Editor Yui SimpleEditor Calendar Slider YuiSlider Carousel Resize ImageCropper


Man suffering psychiatric condition died in Limerick Prison after "systems failure"
by NewstalkA "vulnerable" man suffering with a psychiatric medical condition died in his cell at Limerick Prison after a "systems failure, in relation to his incarceration", his inquest has heard.
Sean Hayes Barrett died six days before his 32nd birthday, while he was being held on remand at the jail, between April 16th and May 5th 2017.
His family said they had still not been told why he had been arrested.
Prior to his incarceration, Mr Hayes Barrett had spent five weeks in a psychiatric ward at University Hospital Limerick.
He was on medication to treat signs of suicidal ideation, but it was accepted that while he was being held in prison he was not given adequate doses of his medication.
He had no record of being arrested prior to his incarceration and he no previous convictions.
He was found dead in his cell which he did not share with anyone on May 5th.
A number of prison officers, who were on duty at the jail on the night, gave evidence they had no prior knowledge of Mr Hayes Barrett's psychiatric medical history.
They said they were "not aware" he was on a list of "special observations" prisoners, who as part of the prison's own protocols, required they be checked every fifteen minutes.
The inquest heard that Mr Hayes Barrett should have been checked 36 times, but he was checked on only nine occasions.
He had complained to a loved one during a recorded telephone call made from the prison that his mental health was suffering because he was being kept in a cell on his own.
"It's too hard, I'm not able for the isolation - the isolation is too hard on me," he said.
Investigations were carried out by Gardaí, the Inspector of Prisons and by Limerick Prison.
Governor of Limerick Prison, Mark Kennedy, said CCTV footage from the jail - which was requested by the Inspector of Prisons -had "disappeared", most likely due to human error, when it was being transferred "by our IT department" to the Inspector's office.
He agreed prison officers were not aware of Mr Hayes Barrett was a special obs prisoner.
He said the prison's "manual system" at the time - whereby a list of special obs prisoners would be printed out and left for staff on a sheet of paper - "wasn't robust".
"We weren't 100% that the officers on the night got the up to date special obs list," Mr Kennedy said.
Sean's death was "landmark case" which proved to be a "watershed" for the prison service that led to a "root and branch review" of how prisons deal with vulnerable prisoners, it was heard.
New protocols have been implemented to try to prevent such a tragedy occurring again, he said: "The whole system has changed."
An internal prison probe discovered the "practicalities of what we were doing as a service didn't stack up".
Prison protocols at the time meant it was "physically impossible" for staff to make all their checks and deal with any other emergency situations that could arise within the prison population, he said.
Staff were "diverted" to another serious injury on the night, it was heard.
"We didn't abide by our own protocols. Our own protocols were that he needed to be checked every fifteen minutes and that didn't happen," Mr Kennedy said.
"It is fair to say this case was a landmark case, and, as a result of Sean's death the whole system has changed throughout the prison service."
Coroner, John McNamara, recorded an open verdict.
The family's solicitor Jerry Twomey spoke outside Limerick Coroner's Court.
"Sean Hayes Barrett was a loving and loved son, nephew and friend.
"Sean unfortunately suffered from a diagnosed psychiatric issue immediately prior to his death.
"Sean had never been in any trouble whatsoever in his life - to this day, he's never been convicted of a single criminal offence.
"Despite this, Sean found himself incarcerated in Limerick Prison where, after being deprived of his correct and prescribed medication - alone and vulnerable - he took his own life".
Reporting by David Raleigh


In this guide, we give you an introduction to the world of design patterns.For each pattern, we understand 1) the pattern a2) the context in which it is applicable - with a real-world example.
You will learn
- What are Design Patterns?
- Why do you use Design Patterns?
- What are the different types of Design Patterns?
- When do you use Design Patterns?
- How do you implement different Design Patterns in Java?
- What are the real world examples for Design Patterns?
What Are Design Patterns?
We have been building object-oriented software for over 40 years now, starting with Smalltalk, which was the first object-oriented language.
The programming world has encountered a large number of problems, and a variety of solution have been proposed to tackle them.
An attempt was made by a group of four people, famously called the “Gang-Of-Four” or GoF, to come up with a set of common problems and solutions for them, in the given context.
This catalog of common problems and their solutions is labeled as GOF (Gang of Four) Design Patterns.
Why Design Patterns?
The advantages of design patterns are:
- To provide standard terminology that everybody understands
- Not to repeat the same mistakes over and over again
What Are The Types Of Design Patterns?
The design patterns we talk about here, are from the perspective of an object-oriented world. There are mainly three different kinds of design patterns:
- Creational Patterns
- Structural Patterns
- Behavioral Patterns
Creational
Creational patterns deal with the creation of objects.
Structural
Structural patterns deal with the composition of objects.
It deals with questions such as:
- What does a class contain?
- What are the relationships of a class with other classes? Is it inheritance or composition?
Behavioral
Behavioral patterns focus more on the behavior of objects, or more precisely, interactions between objects.
How does an object communicate with another object?
Exploring Creational Design Patterns
We explore the following creational design patterns:
The Prototype Pattern
A Prototype represents a fully initialized instance, to be copied or cloned.
Let’s take an example:
Let’s consider the design of a Chess game. Every game of Chess has the same initial setup - The King, Queen, Rook, Bishop, Knight and the Pawns all have their specific places. Let’s say we want to build software to model a Chess game.
Every time a new Chess game is played, we need to create the initial board layout.
Instead of repeating the creation of chess board each time
- We can create an object that contains the initial setup
- Clone from it - each time a new Chess game is played.
The object with the initial setup of the chess board is the prototype. And, we are using the prototype pattern.
Isn’t it simple?
In the Prototype pattern, you have a fully initialized instance - here, the initial board layout - that is readily available.
Whenever a new Chess game is started - for example, in any of the numerous online Chess portals - this initialized instance is merely copied, or cloned.
The Builder Pattern
The Builder Pattern separates object construction from its representation. What does that mean?
Assume that you go out for a multi-course dinner to a Restaurant. Such a dinner would have many options, such as Starters, Main course and Desserts. You would probably choose two or three out of the presented options. A particular client may want to have dinner with the first two options only, leaving out the Desserts option. Yet another would prefer the Main course and Desserts, skipping the Starters entirely.
Similar situations might arise in designing software. You may need to build an object using a subset of the options that are available - or, create the object in multiple ways. This is where the Builder pattern comes in handy.
To understand it further, let’s look at a small piece of code.
public class BuilderPattern {
static class Coffee {
private Coffee(Builder builder) {
this.type = builder.type;
this.sugar = builder.sugar;
this.milk = builder.milk;
this.size = builder.size;
}
private String type;
private boolean sugar;
private boolean milk;
private String size;
public static class Builder {
private String type;
private boolean sugar;
private boolean milk;
private String size;
public Builder(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public Builder sugar(boolean value) {
this.sugar = value;
return this;
}
public Builder milk(boolean value) {
this.milk = value;
return this;
}
public Builder size(String value) {
this.size = value;
return this;
}
public Coffee build() {
return new Coffee(this);
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("Coffee [type=%s, sugar=%s, milk=%s, size=%s]", this.type, sugar, milk, size);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Coffee coffee = new BuilderPattern.Coffee.Builder("Mocha").milk(true).sugar(false).size("Large").build();
System.out.println(coffee);
}
}
Let’s say you’re writing software for a machine that prepares coffee. The main ingredients of coffee are coffee, milk and sugar.
Depending from which part of the world you are from, you choose whether or not you have sugar and milk.
The Builder pattern steps in to provide these Coffee creation options for you.
Have a look at the code inside main()
.
What we have inside the Coffee
is a Builder
, to which we pass the mandatory type
of the coffee. Chained to that call, we make other calls adding in our preferences of the other ingredients.
Someone else who wants a different coffee can easily build it. This leads to a huge amount of flexibility in building objects.
Other approaches to solving this problem, such as the use of setters, have many inherent problems. These solutions lead to code that is difficult to read, and also behave erratically in multithreaded programs. The Builder pattern solves all those problems.
The advantages of using the Builder pattern are:
- It simplifies object creation
- Leads to more readable code
- Does not allow the values to be modified
The Singleton Pattern
The Singleton pattern is the most famous among all the design patterns. What this pattern does is very clear from its name - allow only one instance of a class per JVM at any point in time.
A good real-world comparison would probably be the President of a Nation.
However, there is a disclaimer here - there can only be one instance of that class, per JVM. If you have a Java application that runs as part of a cluster of application servers, each server runs a separate JVM instance. Therefore, you are allowed to have one instance of the Singleton created on each application server, at any given point of time.
There are a few things to remember whenever you create a Singleton class.
- The constructor needs to be
private
, to prevent the possibility of other objects creating instances of your class. - In Java, build a Singleton using a
Enum
. - JEE 7 has a built-in annotation named
@Singleton
, along with other related annotations. - The main disadvantage of using the Singleton pattern is that the resulting code is difficult to unit test. Make a clear decision as to where you absolutely need to use a Singleton, and where you don’t.
- In frameworks such as Spring, the objects that are managed are called beans, and beans are Singletons by default. What Spring does well is to ensure all this is in the background.
The Factory Method Pattern
The intent of the Factory Method pattern is to create a family of object types. Let’s look at a code example.
public class FactoryPattern {
public static class PersonFactory {
public static Person getPerson(String name, String gender) {
if(gender.equalsIgnoreCase("M")) {
return new Male(name);
} else if(gender.equalsIgnoreCase("F")) {
return new Female(name);
} // So on
return null;
}
}
}
static abstract class Person {
Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private String name;
abstract String getSalutation();
String getNameAndSalutation() {
}
}
static class Male extends Person {
public Male(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
String getSalutation() {
return "Mr";
}
}
static class Female extends Person {
public Female(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
String getSalutation() {
return "Miss/Mrs";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person male = PersonFactory.getPerson("Robinhood", "M");
System.out.println(male.getNameAndSalutation);
Person female = PersonFactory.getPerson("Mary", "F");
System.out.println(female.getNameAndSalutation);
}
This code implements a PersonFactory
. This class has a static method named getPerson()
that accepts a person’s name and gender as parameters. Depending on the gender String
passed in, it either returns a Male
or a Female
object.
If somebody wants to create a male person, they invoke the getPerson()
method on the PersonFactory
with a gender argument of "M"
. Similarly, you can create a female person by invoking the getPerson()
method on the PersonFactory
with a gender argument of "F"
.
We are passing in an identifier of the type of object we need, at the time of creation, while still referring to the generic type, Person
.
The Male
and Female
classes are hidden behind the PersonFactory
implementation.
The advantage of using the Abstract Method pattern is that you can add additional types to the factory, without much change in the other classes using this class. In our example, you can add more types of gender, without affecting the existing code that deals with other genders, which all use Person
.
What about the complexity involved in creating an object?
It greatly simplifies the task of object creation. The PersonFactory
makes the decision of what object to create, and delivers it to us.
Structural Design Patterns
Let us now have a look at the structural design patterns we want to explore.
The Proxy Pattern
A Proxy is an object that represents another object.
Let’s look at a real-world example.
Your debit card is a proxy for your bank account. Whenever you make a transaction using a debit card, the corresponding money is deducted from the bank account.
The debit card is a proxy for your bank account, which is the actual object.
Similar to that, in programming, you might have to program interactions with remote objects. In such situations, you create a proxy object that takes care of all external communications. You would communicate with the proxy as if it were residing on your local machine.
Good examples are the EJB Home and Remote interfaces.
A proxy hides the complexity involved in communicating with the real object.
The Decorator Pattern
The Decorator pattern allows us to add responsibilities to objects, dynamically.
In object-oriented programming, we typically use a lot of inheritance.
Example 1
Let’s say a particular Pizza outlet has ten types of pizza. Our implementation has ten classes for these Pizza types.
Now there is a requirement to make these pizzas available with three types of toppings. If we would want to create individual classes for each pizza and topping combination, we have a total of 30 classes to manage.
Instead of doing this, can we make the pizza-topping relationship dynamic? Can we add a topping on top of an existing pizza?
We need to use a topping as a decorator on top of any pizza.
Example 2
Another example would be adding a discount on a pizza order.
Let’s say, you have an order, and based on some criteria, you want to offer a discount to the customer. There might be a variety of discounts which might be applicable at different times. If you add a different type of a discount to every kind of order, then in a static relationship, you need to maintain hundreds of classes.
Treating a discount as a decorator on order makes the relationship dynamic.
Example 3
A perfect example where the Decorator pattern is implemented in Java is the Java I/O packages. This is reflected in the way we create an input stream in an I/O program:
new LineNumberInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream()));
You have a FileInputStream
. If you want to make it buffered, then add a decorator to it in the form of a BufferedInputStream
. If you want the buffered FileInputStream
to have line numbers also, then add a decorator for a LineNumberInputStream
.
Summary
Decorator Pattern enables you to add behavior to existing objects, at run time. This allows the user of the interface to decide, how he/she wants to create the objects.
The drawback of this approach is the complexity involved in creating objects. The user needs to understand a lot of classes and their relationships before being able to use the power of the Decorator.
The Facade Pattern
A Facade is a single class that represents an entire subsystem.
Let’s take the example of an event manager. An event manager is a go-to person when you want to organize an event. He/She would handle several aspects of an event such as the decorations, the food, sending out invitations to guests, the music arrangements, and similar things. The event manager acts as the facade of the event organization subsystem.
Consider the case of a distributed system. You typically have the need for multiple calls, across layers.
Take for instance, a system that offers the service for online book orders. Whenever an order comes in, several things need to be taken care of, such as checking for the stock, reserving the order, accepting the payment, updating the stock, and generating the invoice.
We can create a single facade, such as the order interface, which would manage all incoming orders and provide an interface to the customer.
The advantage of using the Facade pattern is that it reduces the number of network calls, as well as reduces coupling among classes.
It succeeds in establishing a transaction boundary between communicating objects. Facades, like services, are good hubs to implement transactions.
As long as the interface of the facade remains the same, the implementation details of the subsystem can change.
The Adapter Pattern
An Adapter is used to match interfaces of different classes.
Let’s take the real world example of power adapters.
Problem : If you buy a mobile phone in India, it comes with a charger that only works with power sockets used in India. If you take the same charger to the US for example, it will not work, as it will not fit into sockets there.
Solution : The solution is to use a travel adapter, to use with your charger when you travel. You can plug in your charger into the travel adapter, and the travel adapter is used to connect to the socket in a particular country.
Similarly, when you try to talk to a system that uses a different message format or a language, you need an adapter to translate messages.
An interesting example is a communication between a Java program and a web service. Before sending out the data to the service, we need to convert the object into XML or JSON format. We are implementing the Adapter pattern!
The Flyweight Pattern
Let’s consider a few scenarios
- Creation of an object takes a lot of time and involves multiple instances
- Each instance of an object occupies a lot of memory
- Some objects might be used several times across the same application with the same values
In these scenarios, you might not want to create a new instance every time it is needed.
How about caching an instance and reusing it when needed?
A Flyweight represents creating a fine-grained instance, that is being used for efficient sharing.
Example 1
A really good real work example is the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
In the PSTN, there are always a limited number of lines, and for simplicity, let’s assume this number is 10. However, there are thousands of customers that use these lines. Since all 1000 customers would not make calls at about the same time, it is possible to efficiently switch calls coming in, among the existing 10 lines.
Example 2
In the software world, a good example of a Flyweight pattern is JDBC connections.
A connection pool is a set of connections to the database. The application may be firing a lot of queries, but we don’t create a new connection whenever a new query comes in. As soon as a query comes in, we match it to an available connection, and the query gets fired. Once query execution is done, the connection is released back into the pool.
Using such a pool allows us to avoid the cost involved in creating and closing a connection.
Behavioral Design Patterns
Let us now have a look at the behavioral design patterns.
The Chain Of Responsibility Pattern
The Chain Of Responsibility Pattern represents a way of passing a request between a chain of objects.
Example 1
The best example of this pattern can be seen in the exception handling mechanism of most programming languages.
Suppose you have a method1()
calling method2()
, and method2()
in turn calls method3()
. Assume that method3()
throws an exception.
If method3()
has no exception handling, then the exception is passed on to method2()
to handle it. If again method2()
has no exception handling inside it, then the exception is passed on to method1()
. If even method1()
cannot handle it, it gets thrown out of method1()
as well.
Example 2
Consider a real-world example of a loan approval process.
A bank clerk has permissions to approve loans within a certain amount. If the amount goes above that, then it goes to the supervisor. The supervisor has a similar, albeit larger loan approval limit set for him. If the loan amount exceeds that limit, then it goes to his supervisor, and so on.
Summary
With Chain Of Responsibility, we have a chain of objects already ready, that wait to process requests. When a new request enters the system, it goes to the first object in the chain to attempt processing. Depending on the processing condition, the request travels up the chain and gets fully processed at some level, or maybe not processed at all.
The Iterator Pattern
The Iterator pattern is one of the most simple design patterns. You have a set of elements arranged in a collection, and you want to access those elements sequentially. A good example of an Iterator is a TV remote, which has the “next” and “previous” buttons to surf TV channels. Pressing the “next” button takes me one channel in the forward direction, and pressing the “previous” button takes me one channel in the backward direction.
In the programming works, examples of the Iterator
class and the enhanced for
loop in Java are examples of the Iterator pattern.
The State Pattern
The State Pattern is used to alter an object’s behavior when its state changes.
Take a look at this Java example:
public class StatePattern {
static class FanWallControl {
private SpeedLevel current;
public FanWallControl() {
current = new Off();
}
public void set_state(SpeedLevel state) {
current = state;
}
public void rotate() {
current.rotate(this);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("Fan Wall Control [current = %s]", current);
}
}
interface speedLevel {
void rotate(FanWallControl fanWallControl);
}
static class Off implements SpeedLevel {
public void rotate(FanWallControl fanWallControl) {
fanWallControl.set_state(new SpeedLevel1());
}
}
static class SpeedLevel1 implements SpeedLevel {
public void rotate(FanWallControl fanWallControl) {
fanWallControl.set_state(new SpeedLevel2());
}
}
static class SpeedLevel2 implements SpeedLevel {
public void rotate(FanWallControl fanWallControl) {
fanWallControl.set_state(new SpeedLevel3());
}
}
static class SpeedLevel3 implements SpeedLevel {
public void rotate(FanWallControl fanWallControl) {
fanWallControl.set_state(new Off());
}
}
}
Let’s take the example of a fan wall control. The fan wall control controls the speed with a fan rotates. It has speed levels ranging from 0 to 5. When it is at level 0, the fan does not rotate, and it rotates the fastest at level 5.
When you rotate the knob of the fan control, the level changes, and this causes the speed of the fan to change as well. This is a classic case of a change in state (level) causing a change in behavior (speed).
A FanwallControl
object is composed of a SpeedLevel
object. SpeedLevel
is an interface that has four different implementations. Initially, the level is at Off
, and when you click rotate at that time, the new speed is at SpeedLevel1
. The happens successively, and if you rotate at SpeedLevel3
, the level returns to Off
.
In case you need to define an additional speed level, just add in a new class that implements the SpeedLevel
interface, and implement its rotate method.
This is an excellent example that highlights the advantages of an extensible class.
The Strategy Pattern
The strategy has the task of encapsulating an algorithm inside a class. Let’s look at a Java code example:
public class StrategyPattern {
interface Sortable {
public int[] sort(int[] numbers);
}
static class BubbleSort implements Sortable {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] numbers) {
//sort using bubble sort algorithm
return numbers;
}
}
static class QuickSort implements Sortable {
@Override
public int[] sort(int[] numbers) {d
//sort using quicksort algorithm
return numbers;
}
}
static class ComplexClass {
private Sortable sorter;
ComplexClass(Sortable sorter) {
this.sorter = sorter;
}
void doAComplexThing() {
int[] values = null;
//logic...
sorter.sort(values);
//logic...
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ComplexClass complexClassInstance = new ComplexClass(new BubbleSort());
complexClassInstance.doAComplexThing();
}
}
The class ComplexClass
intends to perform a lot of complex logic within it. One part of that logic is to sort a set of values. One direct way would be to implement the entire sorting logic within ComplexClass
. This would make it very inflexible, since if you wanted to change the sorting logic tomorrow, that entire code needs to change.
When we use the Strategy pattern, we separate the algorithm of how the sorting is done, from ComplexClass
.
We define an interface named Sortable
, which has a method named sort()
. Any actual sort algorithm is an implementation of Sortable
, and needs to override sort()
method.
Now, ComplexClass
is given a particular Sortable
implementation as a constructor argument. ComplexAlgorithm
does not care what exact sorting algorithm is being used; it is happy that that object implements the sort()
method of Sortable
.
A lot of flexibility results due to the use of the Strategy pattern. You can dynamically change the strategy, and pass in the right one according to the context.
The Observer Pattern
The Observer pattern is a way of notifying a change, to a number of classes.
If you are a fan of cricket, you may want to know whenever Sachin Tendulkar scores a century, so that you can celebrate.
All such similar people would register themselves to the event of Sachin scoring a century. Each of these people is now an Observer for that event. Whenever Sachin does score a century, a centralized program will notify each observer.
Another example is that of online bidding. A group of bidders at an auction register themselves to receive notifications when a higher bid is placed. As soon as a bid higher than the current one is placed, all the registered bidders get to know about it.
There are two main parts to implementing the Observer design pattern.
- Registration - where the interested objects register themselves with the centralized program to receive notifications
- Notification - where the registered observers receive notifications from the centralized program
Here is a simple implementation of the Observer pattern:
public class Observer Pattern {
static class SachinCenturyNotifier {
List<SachinFan> fans = new ArrayList<SachinFan>();
void register(SachinFan fan) {
fans.add(fan);
}
void sachinScoredACentury() {
for(SachinFan fan: fans) {
fan.announce();
}
}
}
static class SachinFan {
private String name;
SachinFan(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
void announce() {
System.out.println(name + " notified");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SachinCenturyNotifier notifier = new SachinCenturyNotifier();
notifier.register(new SachinFan("Ranga"));
notifier.register(new SachinFan("Ramya"));
notifier.register(new SachinFan("Veena"));
notifier.sachinScoredACentury();
}
}
We have created an instance of SachinCenturyNotifier
, and registered three fans with it.
Whenever Sachin scores a century, the call notifier.sachinScoredACentury()
would be made, and all three fans would be notified.
The Visitor Pattern
The Visitor pattern allows us to add a new operation to a class, without changing the class.
There are a lot of scenarios when designing frameworks, where we don’t want other people to modify the code in the framework. We want others to extend the functionality without touching the framework code. They are allowed to add new operations, but not to change the existing operations.
The Visitor pattern allows you to do this.
A good real-world example of the Visitor pattern is the operation of a taxi company.
As soon as a person calls a taxi company, and a cab is dispatched, the company accepts a visitor. Once the visitor, or customer enters the taxi, he is no longer in control of where he is going. The cab driver is now in control.
If we look at it as object-oriented code, the driver class is in control of the customer class. The driver class can add new operations on top of the customer/visitor.
The Template Method Pattern
The Template Method pattern is used to defer the exact steps of an algorithm, to a subclass.
A good real-world example of this pattern is how we go about creating a house plan. Any good house plan consists of a floor plan, the foundation, plumbing, framing and wiring. Such a plan is almost identical for each house.
If you were to model this in software, you could create a template class with this standard behavior defined. A subclass could extend this and give actual implementations. Such details could include the wooden flooring type, the wall paint colors, and any added wings as required.
A good example of the Template Method pattern is within the Spring framework, in the form of AbstractController
:
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
checkRequest(request);
prepareResponse(response);
if(this.synchronizeOnSession) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
if(session != null) {
ObjectMutex mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session);
synchronized(mutex) {
return handleRequestInternal(request, response);
}
}
}
return handleRequestInternal(request, response);
}
handleRequest()
merely takes care of the basic things. However, it leaves the lions to share for the implementation to the method handleRequestInternal()
. This method is defined by subclasses, where more specific logic can be implemented.
The Template Method pattern is all about doing the high-level steps, and leaving the low-level details to the subclasses. The subclasses can override the low steps and provide their own implementation.
The Command Pattern
The Command pattern encapsulates a command request as an object.
Let’s take a real-world example.
Consider the scenario when a customer goes to a restaurant and wants to place an order for a meal. The writer merely writes the order he gets on a piece of paper, and passes it on to the chef. The chef executes the order, and then prepares the meal. He passes the piece of paper to the manager.
The verbal order from the customer has now become a paper object. This piece of paper is the command object. The command object contains all the details needed to execute the request.
Similarly in object-oriented programming, we can encapsulate all the details of a request into an object, and pass that object to execute it.
In web applications, when a user types in the details on a form, these details are captured in a single request object, which is then passed across.
The interface java.lang.Runnable
is also a good example of how this pattern is implemented. We create threads in Java by extending the Runnable
interface, which has all the logic for execution in its start()
method. When we want to create and start a thread, we pass this class to the start()
method.
The Memento Method
The Memento pattern captures and later restores an object’s internal state.
A lot of games that we play offer the option of performing an intermediate save. At a certain point in the game, you can save it and later come back to it.
To implement this, we need to save the internal states of the game objects, and restore them at a certain point in time.
This save-revert functionality can be implemented by using serialization in a language such as Java.
The memento pattern is very useful for implementing undo/redo operations.
For example, if you are working on a text document in a word processor. If at a certain point, you decide to undo changes, you can see each undo until you reach a point where you are satisfied. You have now reverted to an earlier saved state of the document.
The Mediator Pattern
The Mediator pattern is used to define simplified communication between classes.
Take the example of an Air Traffic Controller (ATC). Let’s say that at any point of time in India, we have about 500 flights in the air. We need to decide the routes that each of these flights needs to take. This also includes deciding the times at which each of these flights takes off and lands. It will be a highly complex situation if each of these 500 flights needs to talk with each other and arrive at an acceptable schedule of routes.
That’s why we have the concept of an ATC. The flights communicate with the ATC, and having assimilated the information from all the flights, the ATC makes the decisions and communicates them back the flights.
In the software world, a good example of the Mediator pattern is the ESB (Enterprise Service Bus). In a distributed system, instead of letting the applications talk to each other, an application drops in a message to the ESB. The ESB routes the request to the application that needs to handle the request. It acts as the Mediator.
Summary
In this article, we had a quick look over a variety of design patterns.
A design pattern is an approach to solve a problem in a given context. We focused on understanding the context in which a particular pattern may be applicable with real-world examples.
Software Design
This is the article in a series of articles on Software Design:
- 1 - How do you keep your design simple?
- 2 - Design Patterns For Beginners - with Java Examples
- 3 - What is Abstraction?
- 4 - Encapsulation - with examples
- 5 - Coupling - with examples
- 6 - Cohesion - with examples
- 7 - Introduction to Evolutionary Design


kdl.prox.gui2
Class GUIContentGenerator
java.lang.Object
kdl.prox.gui2.GUIContentGenerator
public class GUIContentGenerator
- extends java.lang.Object
This is the central class that knows how to generate HTML for GUI screens,
based on a Proximity URL.
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
ATTR_VAL_PARAM
public static final java.lang.String ATTR_VAL_PARAM
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
SORT_BY_COUNT_PARAM
public static final java.lang.String SORT_BY_COUNT_PARAM
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
SORT_BY_VALUE_PARAM
public static final java.lang.String SORT_BY_VALUE_PARAM
- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
GUIContentGenerator
public GUIContentGenerator()
getActionsForURL
public java.util.List getActionsForURL(java.lang.String proxURLStr)
- Parameters:
proxURLStr
-
- Returns:
- List of ProxAction instances to be used at the top of the page
showing proxURLStr
getActionsHTML
public java.lang.String getActionsHTML(java.util.List actionList)
getBodyHTMLForURL
public java.lang.String getBodyHTMLForURL(java.lang.String proxURLStr)
getGraphForSubgURL
public static void getGraphForSubgURL(ProxURL proxURL,
edu.uci.ics.jung.graph.Graph graph)
- In the subgraph table we don't store information about exactly which
objects a particular link is connecting. For that information we query
the database-wide link table. The problem is that the same objectID can
appear more than once in a subgraph; if so, we cannot tell which instance
of that objectID is to be connected by the given link.
We resolve this by showing the two (or more) instances of the objectID,
and connecting all of them with multiple copies of the same link.
- Parameters:
proxURL
- subgraph URL to create the graph fromgraph
- Graph to fill with objects and links in the subgraph specified
by subgURL. NB: cleared first!
getLabelAttributeForObjects
public java.lang.String getLabelAttributeForObjects()
getLabelAttributeForLinks
public java.lang.String getLabelAttributeForLinks()
getNextOrPrevSubgraphOID
public static int getNextOrPrevSubgraphOID(ProxURL subgraphURL,
boolean isGoNext)
- Utility that helps with calculating next and previous subgraphs.
- Parameters:
subgraphURL
- isGoNext
- true if "next"; false if "previous"
- Returns:
- previous subgraph OID. returns -1 if can't go back any further
getPagerHTML
public java.lang.String getPagerHTML(Pager pager,
ProxURL proxURL)
getUniqueNamesInContainer
public static java.lang.String[] getUniqueNamesInContainer(Container container)
- Parameters:
container
-
- Returns:
- unique names in container, across all objects in all subgraphs
resetRowsPerPage
public void resetRowsPerPage()
setLabelAttributeForObjects
public void setLabelAttributeForObjects(java.lang.String attrName)
setLabelAttributeForLinks
public void setLabelAttributeForLinks(java.lang.String attrName)
setLabelLengthForObjects
public void setLabelLengthForObjects(int length)
setLabelLengthForLinks
public void setLabelLengthForLinks(int length)
setRowsPerPage
public void setRowsPerPage(int newRowsPerPage)


Numbers 24:6
As the valleys are they spread forth, as gardens by the river's side, as the trees of lign aloes which the LORD hath planted, and as cedar trees beside the waters.


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