|
Important
This document is not an official Census Bureau publication. It is compiled from publicly accessible information by Lars Vilhuber (Labor Dynamics Institute, Cornell University). Feedback is welcome. Please write us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
1. Scope
The public-use data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Program, including the Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) and Job-to-Job Flows (J2J), are available for download according to structural and file naming schema. The data themselves are available as Comma-Separated Value (CSV) files through the LEHD website’s Data page at http://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/ as well as through the LED Extraction Tool.
2. History
The first published schema for the Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) was v3.5, used for QWI files releases through R2013Q1. No formal document describing the schema was released, but a user-contributed "Cheatsheet" was available. A restructuring of the data and file naming conventions lead to V4.0 for releases starting with R2013Q2. The newer schema was described in the form of a PDF document that was occassionally updated to reflect corrections and enhancements. All data releases were accompanied by a set of CSV files for allowable values of variables and flags, accompanying each collection of tabulations for each state.
Starting with release R2015Q2, a more formal and flexible structure was implemented, and published as V4.0.1. As changes occur to elements of the schema, version numbers are incremented (see Versioning). Broader changes are first published as draft schemas (typically used by draft or "beta" releases of data), before becoming finalized. All versions are retained on this server.
3. Usage
Each data release is accompanied by a file specifying a compact notation for metadata. For instance, the R2015Q2 release of Missouri QWI by race and ethnicity for all firm types (archived here or here) would have a file called version_rh_f.txt with the following content:
QWIRH_F MO 29 1995:1-2014:3 V4.0.1 R2015Q2 qwipu_mo_20150601_1902
where the fifth component (V4.0.1) identifies the schema being used. Thus, all value labels, the naming and structure of the files, the geographic and industry coding vintages, etc. can be deduced from the information available in the V4.0.1 directory.
Names of data files follow certain rules, which are documented in the file "lehd_csv_naming".
-
In the example above, the file can be found at V4.0.1/lehd_csv_naming.html.
-
The latest version of "lehd_csv_naming" can be found at latest/lehd_csv_naming.html.
For each identifier variable on the data file, a set of allowable values is defined. Definitions of allowable values are provided as CSV files, with headers. Available indicator variables are defined, and labels provided. These definitions are summarized in the file "lehd_public_use_schema" (formerly named "QWIPU_Data_Schema.pdf").
-
For instance, in the example above, the file can be found at link:V4.0.1/lehd_public_use_schema.html
-
(QWI) indicators are named and listed in the section "Indicators" in V4.0.1/lehd_public_use_schema.html in human-readable form, and as machine-readable CSV files at V4.0.1/variables_qwipu.csv .
-
Identifiers for the QWI files are listed in the section "Identifiers" in machine-readable form, and as CSV files at V4.0.1/lehd_identifiers_qwi.csv (note: different files may have different identifiers).
-
One of the available identifiers is "agegrp", for which the allowable values are listed at "agegrp" and provided in machine-readable form at V4.0.1/label_agegrp.csv
-
The latest version of "lehd_public_use_schema" can be found at latest/lehd_public_use_schema.html
4. Versioning
Versioning rules follow Semantic Versioning V2.0.0, which states that
Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:
-
MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
-
MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
-
PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.
In practice,
-
LEHD increments the major number when a new data format is used that would break import procedures by outside systems (variables are dropped, are in a different order, existing variables change names; file naming conventions change for existing files)
-
LEHD increments the minor number when
-
variables are added, without changing order of existing variables
-
new types of data are added (e.g., J2J, LODES) without changing existing files
-
changes in values are of a "significant" nature
-
changes to the structure of the schema documentation are made
-
-
LEHD increments the "patch" number when changes are made to existing codes that do not break import of data, or change the interpretation of the data in a significant way
-
a description is corrected
-
a set of value labels is changed in a minimal way
-
-
LEHD does not increment the version number when corrections to the human readable schema documentation itself are made, but does indicate such changes in the CHANGE section with the calendar date of the revision.
Examples of "patch"-level changes are:
-
updated geography definitions (changes in state-specific geographies impacting a small set of areas, for instance a WIB or a small number of counties) (see CHANGES in V4.0.1, V4.0.2, V4.0.3 for examples)
-
change in NAICS coding affecting only a small number of industries (see CHANGES in V4.0.2 for an example).
Switching from SIC to NAICS would have been a major version number change, changing from NAICS 1997 to 2007 - which had more significant changes, but did not fundamentally change the way the data are read in - would have been a minor version number change.
Additional revisions within a "patch"-level schema will be identified in the CHANGES.txt by date, but will not otherwise carry a different version number. Revisions are only used to correct for bugs, and to improve documentation of the schema itself, but not to change the schema.
5. Draft Versions
LEHD will publish a draft version of minor or major schema changes, in order to be able to allow for comments by the community. A draft schema may also accompany beta data products, where both schema and data are published to elicit comments from the public. Draft versions do not necessarily lead to a final specification, and should be treated as work in progress.
6. Most Current Version
For convenience, the latest non-draft version is accessible at http://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/schema/latest/. However, users should note that at any point in time, data published by LEHD may reference an older schema, as noted in the Usage section above. Users are strongly encouraged to reference a well-specified revision number in their programs, derived from the "version*txt" file provided with each data release.
7. Curation
LEHD commits to keeping a public record of all major, minor, and patch versions of the schema in an accessible, public location (currently, at http://lehd.ces.census.gov/data/schema/). Additional revisions are stored internally in code versioning systems, and can be provided upon request.
8. Changes
This section is reserved for documentation of changes to this document. For documentation of changes to the schema, see the "CHANGES.txt" file in each versioned schema directory.
-
V1.0 2016-03-15: First release.


The challenge of R&D-driven business
Research and development remains one of the most vexing challenges in business. One way to solve the problem is through startups. The VC community is in many ways the early research funding arm of the technology industry. However, many important scientific and engineering challenges are not conducive to the VC cycle (e.g. most of biology). In addition, many large companies are interested in new ideas and can contribute significant value, but they are obviously not startups. These companies spend billions and billions of dollars on research and development projects every year trying to come up with the next big thing. But too often it feels like money down the drain due to canceled projects, missed deadlines, and broken promises. How can companies (large or small, new or old, private or public) effectively minimize the risk inherent in R&D programs, while also ensuring that projects are managed to seize on new opportunities?
At Innosight, I have focused on helping R&D-driven companies build research and commercialization strategies to bring cutting edge science out of the lab and onto the market. I have real world experience in using theories and models like disruptive innovation, technology road-mapping, and corporate venturing. I deeply understand the challenges of R&D and bringing complex science to market.
Consulting experience
Here are some of the spaces I worked in, experiences and expertise I gained, and solutions I helped create. To respect client confidentiality, I cannot discuss projects in detail, but I think that this gives a good flavor of my business, management, and corporate R&D experience.
Domain expertise
High technology and industrials
- Semiconductors and semiconductor manufacturing: Physics of semiconductors. Modern semiconductor manufacturing processes. ASIC design and manufacturing processes. Semiconductor industry trends.
- Utilities: Regulatory environment and business models of utilities in the US. Smart metering and smart grids. Power generation and distribution. Water regulations, pricing, and rights. Feasibility studies.
- Water and clean energy: Sourcing, treating, and distributing water. New sources and strategies for water in drought-stricken areas. Renewable energy including solar and wind.
- Consumer electronics: Conception and early development of new consumer electronics products. Building product development plans. Planning R&D for product development.
- Scientific cloud computing: Building systems to support improved computational capabilities and community collaboration. Sharing open source software, storing and securely collaborating on data sets. Facilitating reproducible research.
Pharmaceuticals, life sciences, and healthcare
- Immunology: The immune system, its genetic underpinnings, and immune-based drugs. Autoimmune diseases and R&D projects into new therapies and MOAs. R&D challenges and opportunities.
- Oncology: General genetic and biochemical processes that cause cancer. Evaluating new therapies and treatment modalities, especially in early cancer stages.
- Microbiome: Potential treatments relying on the microbiome. Experimental processes, especially in computational microbiology. Popular open source packages, databases, and end-to-end solutions for target genome, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analysis. Microbiome and therapeutic trends.
- Pharmaceutical R&D: Modern pharmaceutical R&D processes and practices. Pre-discovery, discovery, pre-clinical, and clinical (Phases I, II, and III) stages. Pharm R&D and biotech industry trends.
- Pharmaceutical life cycle planning: Building plans for patent expiration and biosimilar/generic introduction. Evaluating alternative business models. Market surveys. Patent litigation.
- Health insurance: Current health insurance market and payor dynamics. Future models for healthcare delivery and payment, especially value-based systems (e.g. ACOs).
Solutions designed
- Technical project management: Directing new R&D strategy. Driving timelines and collaborating with stakeholders. Facilitating communication and running meetings. Executing on milestones. Managing team members.
- Executive communication: Creating executive-level documentation and presentations. Building Board of Directors presentations. Executive memos and project updates.
- Writing technical specifications: Writing documentation for new computational R&D systems. Capturing needs of users and communicating to engineers. Creating user stories and designing experiences. Refining concepts with users and technical team.
- Industry trends survey: Identifying and evaluating trends relevant to new business models and R&D efforts. Industry dynamics. Macro trends.
- Capabilities development: Identifying key new business and R&D capabilities based on industry trends. Surveying and evaluating current capabilities. Generating plans to develop and leverage old and new capabilities to create new business models.
- Technology road-mapping: Creating and communicating plans to manage interdependent product development and research processes. Managing technology and business risks, especially when dealing with high uncertainty.
- Executive, expert, and customer interviews: Exploring the concerns, needs, and opinions of stakeholders. Assessing objectives and patterns across leadership. Building knowledge base and relationships. Empathizing with customers.
- Venture portfolio and project accelerators: Creating R&D accelerators to shepherd high-risk projects through milestones using funding tranches. Project evaluation criteria. Organizational design.
- Partnerships: Making connections and managing partnership processes to spur innovation and new businesses. Facilitating technical discussions between teams. Identifying new opportunities for partnership.
- Innovation workshops: Facilitating brainstorming and ideation sessions for R&D teams. Teaching innovation patterns and processes. Capturing and synthesizing output for execution.
- SAB recruitment: Identifying potential scientific advisory board candidates. Evaluating necessary knowledge and expertise.


{% include 'forms/includes/non_field_errors.html' with form=form %}
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{% include 'forms/includes/field.html' with field=field autofocus=forloop.first %}
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Mentions What should happen when someone mentions your name |
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Sounds Play a sound when your friends create a new update or when someone mentions your name |
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Tweet Count How many tweets do you want to see? |
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Mentions Count How many mentions do you want to see? |
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Refresh Interval Every how many seconds do you want to check for new updates or mentions? (Min. 20 secs.) |


Find us on…
A hodgepodge of mathematical routines written in modern Fortran. It provides functions for statistics, linear algebra, interpolation, search and sorts, root finding, fourier transforms, and differential equations. Some routines have been parallelized.
This project's codename refers to Guiseppe Peano, a prolific late 19th century mathematician who contributed much to set theory and mathematical logic, as well as the fields of calculus and differential equations. In perhaps his most famous contribution, Peano introduces the definition of the natural numbers in terms of sets, resulting in a set of axioms that have become a cornerstone in modern set theory and mathematical induction.
This project is licensed under the MIT License, and can be obtained at the project's github page, https://github.com/vincentjs/peano.


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#
Redux Fundamentals, Part 8: Modern Redux with Redux ToolkitWhat You'll Learn
- How to simplify your Redux logic using Redux Toolkit
- Next steps for learning and using Redux
Congratulations, you've made it to the last section of this tutorial! We've got one more topic to cover before we're done.
If you'd like a reminder of what we've covered so far, take a look at this summary:
info
Recap: What You've Learned
-
Part 1: Overview:
- what Redux is, when/why to use it, and the basic pieces of a Redux app
-
Part 2: Concepts and Data Flow:
- How Redux uses a "one-way data flow" pattern
-
Part 3: State, Actions, and Reducers:
- Redux state is made of plain JS data
- Actions are objects that describe "what happened" events in an app
- Reducers take current state and an action, and calculate a new state
- Reducers must follow rules like "immutable updates" and "no side effects"
-
Part 4: Store:
-
The
createStore
API creates a Redux store with a root reducer function - Stores can be customized using "enhancers" and "middleware"
- The Redux DevTools extension lets you see how your state changes over time
-
The
-
Part 5: UI and React:
- Redux is separate from any UI, but frequently used with React
- React-Redux provides APIs to let React components talk to Redux stores
-
useSelector
reads values from Redux state and subscribes to updates -
useDispatch
lets components dispatch actions -
<Provider>
wraps your app and lets components access the store
-
Part 6: Async Logic and Data Fetching:
- Redux middleware allow writing logic that has side effects
- Middleware add an extra step to the Redux data flow, enabling async logic
- Redux "thunk" functions are the standard way to write basic async logic
-
Part 7: Standard Redux Patterns:
- Action creators encapsulate preparing action objects and thunks
- Memoized selectors optimize calculating transformed data
- Request status should be tracked with loading state enum values
- Normalized state makes it easier to look up items by IDs
As you've seen, many aspects of Redux involve writing some code that can be verbose, such as immutable updates, action types and action creators, and normalizing state. There's good reasons why these patterns exist, but writing that code "by hand" can be difficult. In addition, the process for setting up a Redux store takes several steps, and we've had to come up with our own logic for things like dispatching "loading" actions in thunks or processing normalized data. Finally, many times users aren't sure what "the right way" is to write Redux logic.
That's why the Redux team created Redux Toolkit: our official, opinionated, "batteries included" toolset for efficient Redux development.
Redux Toolkit contains packages and functions that we think are essential for building a Redux app. Redux Toolkit builds in our suggested best practices, simplifies most Redux tasks, prevents common mistakes, and makes it easier to write Redux applications.
Because of this, Redux Toolkit is the standard way to write Redux application logic. The "hand-written" Redux logic you've written so far in this tutorial is actual working code, but you shouldn't write Redux logic by hand - we've covered those approaches in this tutorial so that you understand how Redux works. However, for real applications, you should use Redux Toolkit to write your Redux logic.
When you use Redux Toolkit, all the concepts that we've covered so far (actions, reducers, store setup, action creators, thunks, etc) still exist, but Redux Toolkit provides easier ways to write that code.
tip
Redux Toolkit only covers the Redux logic
- we still use React-Redux to let our React
components talk to the Redux store, including
useSelector
and
useDispatch
.
So, let's see how we can use Redux Toolkit to simplify the code we've already written in our example todo application. We'll primarily be rewriting our "slice" files, but we should be able to keep all the UI code the same.
Before we continue, add the Redux Toolkit package to your app:
#
Store SetupWe've gone through a few iterations of setup logic for our Redux store. Currently, it looks like this:
Notice that the setup process takes several steps. We have to:
- Combine the slice reducers together to form the root reducer
- Import the root reducer into the store file
-
Import the thunk middleware,
applyMiddleware
, andcomposeWithDevTools
APIs - Create a store enhancer with the middleware and devtools
- Create the store with the root reducer
It would be nice if we could cut down the number of steps here.
configureStore
#
Using
Redux Toolkit has a configureStore
API
that simplifies the store setup process. configureStore
wraps around the Redux
core createStore
API, and handles most of
the store setup for us automatically. In fact, we can
cut it down to effectively one step:
That one call to configureStore
did all
the work for us:
-
It combined
todosReducer
andfiltersReducer
into the root reducer function, which will handle a root state that looks like{todos, filters}
- It created a Redux store using that root reducer
-
It automatically added the
thunk
middleware - It automatically added more middleware to check for common mistakes like accidentally mutating the state
- It automatically set up the Redux DevTools Extension connection
We can confirm this works by opening up our example todo application and using it. All of our existing feature code works fine! Since we're dispatching actions, dispatching thunks, reading state in the UI, and looking at the action history in the DevTools, all those pieces must be working correctly. All we've done is switched out the store setup code.
Let's see what happens now if we accidentally mutate some of the state. What if we change the "todos loading" reducer so that it directly changes the state field, instead of immutably making a copy?
Uh-oh. Our whole app just crashed! What happened?
This error message is a good thing - we
caught a bug in our app!
configureStore
specifically added an
extra middleware that automatically throws an error
whenever it sees an accidental mutation of our state
(in development mode only). That helps catch mistakes
we might make while writing our code.
#
Package Cleanup
Redux Toolkit already includes several of the packages
we're using, like redux
,
redux-thunk
, and reselect
,
and re-exports those APIs. So, we can clean up our
project a bit.
First, we can switch our
createSelector
import to be from
'@reduxjs/toolkit'
instead of
'reselect'
. Then, we can remove
the separate packages we have listed in our
package.json
:
To be clear,
we're still using these packages and need to
have them installed. However, because Redux Toolkit depends on them,
they'll be installed automatically when we
install @reduxjs/toolkit
, so we
don't need to have the other packages
specifically listed in our
package.json
file.
#
Writing Slices
As we've added new features to our app, the slice
files have gotten bigger and more complicated. In
particular, the todosReducer
has gotten
harder to read because of all the nested object
spreads for immutable updates, and we've written
multiple action creator functions.
Redux Toolkit has a createSlice
API
that will help us simplify our Redux reducer logic
and actions. createSlice
does several important
things for us:
-
We can write the case reducers as functions inside
of an object, instead of having to write a
switch/case
statement - The reducers will be able to write shorter immutable update logic
- All the action creators will be generated automatically based on the reducer functions we've provided
createSlice
#
Using
createSlice
takes an object with three
main options fields:
-
name
: a string that will be used as the prefix for generated action types -
initialState
: the initial state of the reducer -
reducers
: an object where the keys are strings, and the values are "case reducer" functions that will handle specific actions
Let's look at a small standalone example first.
There's several things to see in this example:
-
We write case reducer functions inside the
reducers
object, and give them readable names -
createSlice
will automatically generate action creators that correspond to each case reducer function we provide - createSlice automatically returns the existing state in the default case
-
createSlice
allows us to safely "mutate" our state! - But, we can also make immutable copies like before if we want to
The generated action creators will be available as
slice.actions.todoAdded
, and we typically
destructure and export those individually like we did
with the action creators we wrote earlier. The
complete reducer function is available as
slice.reducer
, and we typically
export default slice.reducer
, again the
same as before.
So what do these auto-generated action objects look like? Let's try calling one of them and logging the action to see:
createSlice
generated the action type
string for us, by combining the slice's
name
field with the
todoToggled
name of the reducer function
we wrote. By default, the action creator accepts one
argument, which it puts into the action object as
action.payload
.
Inside of the generated reducer function,
createSlice
will check to see if a
dispatched action's
action.type
matches one of the names it
generated. If so, it will run that case reducer
function. This is exactly the same pattern that we
wrote ourselves using a
switch/case
statement, but
createSlice
does it for us automatically.
It's also worth talking about the "mutation" aspect in more detail.
#
Immutable Updates with ImmerEarlier, we talked about "mutation" (modifying existing object/array values) and "immutability" (treating values as something that cannot be changed).
warning
In Redux, our reducers are never allowed to mutate the original / current state values!
So if we can't change the originals, how do we return an updated state?
tip
Reducers can only make copies of the original values, and then they can mutate the copies.
As you've seen throughout this tutorial, we can write immutable updates by hand by using JavaScript's array / object spread operators and other functions that return copies of the original values. However, writing immutable update logic by hand is hard, and accidentally mutating state in reducers is the single most common mistake Redux users make.
That's why Redux Toolkit's
createSlice
function lets you write
immutable updates an easier way!
createSlice
uses a library called
Immer
inside. Immer uses a special JS tool called a
Proxy
to wrap the data you provide, and
lets you write code that "mutates" that
wrapped data. But,
Immer tracks all the changes you've tried to
make, and then uses that list of changes to return a
safely immutably updated value, as if you'd written all the immutable update
logic by hand.
So, instead of this:
You can write code that looks like this:
That's a lot easier to read!
But, here's something very important to remember:
warning
You can only write
"mutating" logic in Redux
Toolkit's createSlice
and
createReducer
because they use
Immer inside! If you write mutating logic in
reducers without Immer, it will mutate
the state and cause bugs!
Immer still lets us write immutable updates by hand
and return the new value ourselves if we want to. You
can even mix and match. For example, removing an item
from an array is often easier to do with
array.filter()
, so you could call that
and then assign the result to state
to
"mutate" it:
#
Converting the Todos Reducer
Let's start converting our todos slice file to
use createSlice
instead. We'll pick
a couple specific cases from our switch statement
first to show how the process works.
The todos reducer in our example app is still using
normalized state that is nested in a parent object, so
the code here is a bit different than the miniature
createSlice
example we just looked at.
Remember how we had to
write a lot of nested spread operators to toggle
that todo earlier? Now that same code is a lot shorter and
easier to read.
Let's add a couple more cases to this reducer.
The action creators for todoAdded
and
todoToggled
only need to take a single
parameter, like an entire todo object or a todo ID.
But, what if we need to pass in multiple parameters,
or do some of that "preparation" logic we
talked about like generating a unique ID?
createSlice
lets us handle those
situations by adding a "prepare callback" to
the reducer. We can pass an object that has functions
named reducer
and prepare
.
When we call the generated action creator, the
prepare
function will be called with
whatever parameters were passed in. It should then
create and return an object that has a
payload
field (or, optionally,
meta
and error
fields),
matching the
Flux Standard Action convention.
Here, we've used a prepare callback to let our
todoColorSelected
action creator accept
separate todoId
and
color
arguments, and put them together as
an object in action.payload
.
Meanwhile, in the todoDeleted
reducer, we
can use the JS delete
operator to remove
items from our normalized state.
We can use these same patterns to go rewrite the rest
of our reducers in todosSlice.js
and
filtersSlice.js
.
Here's how our code looks with all the slices converted:
#
Writing ThunksWe've seen how we can write thunks that dispatch "loading", "request succeeded", and "request failed" actions. We had to write action creators, action types, and reducers to handle those cases.
Because this pattern is so common,
Redux Toolkit has a
createAsyncThunk
API that will generate
these thunks for us. It also generates the action types and action
creators for those different request status actions,
and dispatches those actions automatically based on
the resulting Promise
.
createAsyncThunk
#
Using
Let's replace our fetchTodos
thunk
by generating a thunk with
createAsyncThunk
.
createAsyncThunk
accepts two arguments:
- A string that will be used as the prefix for the generated action types
-
A "payload creator" callback function that
should return a
Promise
. This is often written using theasync/await
syntax, sinceasync
functions automatically return a promise.
We pass 'todos/fetchTodos'
as
the string prefix, and a "payload creator"
function that calls our API and returns a promise
containing the fetched data. Inside,
createAsyncThunk
will generate three
action creators and action types, plus a thunk
function that automatically dispatches those actions
when called. In this case, the action creators and
their types are:
-
fetchTodos.pending
:todos/fetchTodos/pending
-
fetchTodos.fulfilled
:todos/fetchTodos/fulfilled
-
fetchTodos.rejected
:todos/fetchTodos/rejected
However, these action creators and types are being
defined outside of the
createSlice
call. We can't handle
those inside of the
createSlice.reducers
field, because those
generate new action types too. We need a way for our
createSlice
call to listen for
other action types that were defined
elsewhere.
createSlice
also accepts an
extraReducers
option, where we can have
the same slice reducer listen for other action
types. This field should be a callback function with a
builder
parameter, and we can call
builder.addCase(actionCreator, caseReducer)
to listen for other actions.
So, here we've called
builder.addCase(fetchTodos.pending,
caseReducer)
. When that action is dispatched, we'll run the
reducer that sets
state.status = 'loading'
, same
as it did earlier when we wrote that logic in a switch
statement. We can do the same thing for
fetchTodos.fulfilled
, and handle the data
we received from the API.
As one more example, let's convert
saveNewTodo
. This thunk takes the
text
of the new todo object as its
parameter, and saves it to the server. How do we
handle that?
The process for saveNewTodo
is the same
as we saw for fetchTodos
. We call
createAsyncThunk
, and pass in the action
prefix and a payload creator. Inside the payload
creator, we make an async API call, and return a
result value.
In this case, when we call
dispatch(saveNewTodo(text))
, the
text
value will be passed in to the
payload creator as its first argument.
While we won't cover
createAsyncThunk
in more detail here, a
few other quick notes for reference:
- You can only pass one argument to the thunk when you dispatch it. If you need to pass multiple values, pass them in a single object
-
The payload creator will receive an object as its
second argument, which contains
{getState, dispatch}
, and some other useful values -
The thunk dispatches the
pending
action before running your payload creator, then dispatches eitherfulfilled
orrejected
based on whether thePromise
you return succeeds or fails
#
Normalizing StateWe previously saw how to "normalize" state, by keeping items in an object keyed by item IDs. This gives us the ability to look up any item by its ID without having to loop through an entire array. However, writing the logic to update normalized state by hand was long and tedious. Writing "mutating" update code with Immer makes that simpler, but there's still likely to be a lot of repetition - we might be loading many different types of items in our app, and we'd have to repeat the same reducer logic each time.
Redux Toolkit includes a
createEntityAdapter
API that has
prebuilt reducers for typical data update operations
with normalized state. This includes adding, updating, and removing items
from a slice.
createEntityAdapter
also generates
some memoized selectors for reading values from the
store.
createEntityAdapter
#
Using
Let's replace our normalized entity reducer logic
with createEntityAdapter
.
Calling createEntityAdapter
gives us an
"adapter" object that contains several
premade reducer functions, including:
-
addOne
/addMany
: add new items to the state -
upsertOne
/upsertMany
: add new items or update existing ones -
updateOne
/updateMany
: update existing items by supplying partial values -
removeOne
/removeMany
: remove items based on IDs -
setAll
: replace all existing items
We can use these functions as case reducers, or as
"mutating helpers" inside of
createSlice
.
The adapter also contains:
-
getInitialState
: returns an object that looks like{ ids: [], entities: {} }
, for storing a normalized state of items along with an array of all item IDs -
getSelectors
: generates a standard set of selector functions
Let's see how we can use these in our todos slice:
The different adapter reducer functions take different
values depending on the function, all in
action.payload
. The "add" and
"upsert" functions take a single item or an
array of items, the "remove" functions take
a single ID or array of IDs, and so on.
getInitialState
allows us to pass in
additional state fields that will be included. In this
case, we've passed in a
status
field, giving us a final todos
slice state of {ids, entities, status}
,
much like we had before.
We can also replace some of our todos selector
functions as well. The
getSelectors
adapter function will
generate selectors like selectAll
, which
returns an array of all items, and
selectById
, which returns one item.
However, since getSelectors
doesn't
know where our data is in the entire Redux state tree,
we need to pass in a small selector that returns this
slice out of the whole state tree. Let's switch
to using these instead. Since this is the last major
change to our code, we'll include the whole todos
slice file this time to see what the final version of
the code looks like using Redux Toolkit:
We call todosAdapter.getSelectors
, and
pass in a
state => state.todos
selector that
returns this slice of state. From there, the adapter
generates a selectAll
selector that takes
the entire Redux state tree, as usual, and
loops over state.todos.entities
and
state.todos.ids
to give us the complete
array of todo objects. Since
selectAll
doesn't tell us
what we're selecting, we can use ES6
destructuring syntax to rename the function to
selectTodos
. Similarly, we can rename
selectById
to
selectTodoById
.
Notice that our other selectors still use
selectTodos
as an input. That's
because it's still returning an array of todo
objects this whole time, no matter whether we were
keeping the array as the entire
state.todos
, keeping it as a nested
array, or storing it as a normalized object and
converting to an array. Even as we've made all
these changes to how we stored our data, the use of
selectors allowed us to keep the rest of our code the
same, and the use of memoized selectors has helped the
UI perform better by avoiding unnecessary rerenders.
#
What You've LearnedCongratulations! You've completed the "Redux Fundamentals" tutorial!
You should now have a solid understanding of what Redux is, how it works, and how to use it correctly:
- Managing global app state
- Keeping the state of our app as plain JS data
- Writing action objects that describe "what happened" in the app
- Using reducer functions that look at the current state and an action, and create a new state immutably in response
-
Reading the Redux state in our React components with
useSelector
-
Dispatching actions from React components with
useDispatch
In addition, you've seen how
Redux Toolkit simplifies writing Redux
logic, and why
Redux Toolkit is the standard approach for writing
real Redux applications. By seeing how to write Redux code "by
hand" first, it should be clear what the Redux
Toolkit APIs like createSlice
are doing
for you, so that you don't have to write that
code yourself.
info
For more info on Redux Toolkit, including usage guides and API references, see:
- The Redux Toolkit docs at https://redux-toolkit.js.org
Let's take one final look at the completed todo application, including all the code that's been converted to use Redux Toolkit:
And we'll do a final recap of the key points you learned in this section:
Summary
-
Redux Toolkit (RTK) is the standard way to
write Redux logic
- RTK includes APIs that simplify most Redux code
- RTK wraps around the Redux core, and includes other useful packages
-
configureStore
sets up a Redux store with good defaults- Automatically combines slice reducers to create the root reducer
- Automatically sets up the Redux DevTools Extension and debugging middleware
-
createSlice
simplifies writing Redux actions and reducers- Automatically generates action creators based on slice/reducer names
-
Reducers can "mutate" state inside
createSlice
using Immer
-
createAsyncThunk
generates thunks for async calls-
Automatically generates a thunk +
pending/fulfilled/rejected
action creators - Dispatching the thunk runs your payload creator and dispatches the actions
-
Thunk actions can be handled in
createSlice.extraReducers
-
Automatically generates a thunk +
-
createEntityAdapter
provides reducers + selectors for normalized state- Includes reducer functions for common tasks like adding/updating/removing items
-
Generates memoized selectors for
selectAll
andselectById
#
Next Steps for Learning and Using ReduxNow that you've completed this tutorial, we have several suggestions for what you should try next to learn more about Redux.
This "Fundamentals" tutorial focused on the low-level aspects of Redux: writing action types and immutable updates by hand, how a Redux store and middleware work, and why we use patterns like action creators and normalized state. In addition, our todo example app is fairly small, and not meant as a realistic example of building a full app.
However, our "Redux Essentials" tutorial specifically teaches you how to build a "real-world" type application. It focuses on "how to use Redux the right way" using Redux Toolkit, and talks about more realistic patterns that you'll see in larger apps. It covers many of the same topics as this "Fundamentals" tutorial, such as why reducers need to use immutable updates, but with a focus on building a real working application. We strongly recommend reading through the "Redux Essentials" tutorial as your next step.
At the same time, the concepts we've covered in this tutorial should be enough to get you started building your own applications using React and Redux. Now's a great time to try working on a project yourself to solidify these concepts and see how they work in practice. If you're not sure what kind of a project to build, see this list of app project ideas for some inspiration.
The Recipes section has information on a number of important concepts, like how to structure your reducers, and our Style Guide page has important information on our recommended patterns and best practices.
If you'd like to know more about why Redux exists, what problems it tries to solve, and how it's meant to be used, see Redux maintainer Mark Erikson's posts on The Tao of Redux, Part 1: Implementation and Intent and The Tao of Redux, Part 2: Practice and Philosophy.
If you're looking for help with Redux questions,
come join
the #redux
channel in the Reactiflux
server on Discord.
Thanks for reading through this tutorial, and we hope you enjoy building applications with Redux!


Information on our team can be found here.
We accept any kind of mail, including donations, at the following mailing address.
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{% extends "diary/base.html" %} {% block title %} {{ day.Name }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This describes the day {{ day.Date }} of {{ day.Profile }}
Description: {{day.Description}}. My happiness on this day was {{ day.Happiness_Score }} {% endblock %}


JavaScript
Awesomeness
What is JavaScript, really?
- The most popular language in the world
-
Low level entrance
-
Easy to learn but harder to master.
-
Broad community
Brief history
-
Created for 10 days by Brandon Eich
-
It's Object-oriented language
-
JavaScript is used on both client and server side (NodeJs)
What JavaScript can do for you?
-
JavaScript is very easy to implement.
-
JavaScript allows you to create highly responsive
interfaces that improve the user experience.
-
JavaScript can load content dynamically.
-
JavaScript can "build" things.
Why to learn and use JavaScript today?
- Building Hybrid Mobile Apps
- Building Desktop App Extensions
- Building Server-Side Apps
- Internet Of Things


| Fuel Consumption | CO2 Emissions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City (L/100 km) | Highway (L/100 km) | Combined (L/100 km) | Combined (mpg) | Combined (g/km) |
| - | - | - | - | - |
| Fuel Consumption | CO2 Emissions | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City (L/100 km) | Highway (L/100 km) | Combined (L/100 km) | Combined (mpg) | Combined (g/km) |
| - | - | - | - | - |


Your current intent is {{ currentIntent }} {{ intentConfidenceLabel }}
Your current sentiment is {{ sentimentLabel }}
Your current emotion is {{ primaryEmotion }} {{ emotionLabel }}


AP Top Entertainment News at 6:13 a.m. EST
by EndPlayWoody Allen and Amazon end legal battle
AP sources: Former Trump adviser John Bolton has a book deal
Chrissy Teigen honored at Baby2Baby gala
Film probes history of Native Americans in the US military
Vanna White hosts 'Wheel of Fortune' after Sajak has surgery
ABC cancels 'Fresh Off the Boat,' sets finale for February
Beatles album cover photographer Robert Freeman dies at 82
'Jersey Shore' star pleads not guilty to domestic violence
A$AP Rocky returns to Sweden months after assault conviction
French paper: French woman claims rape by Polanski in 1975


I ended up meeting good people to spend the night with. I feel confident enough to go out like this more often.
Perhaps a smaller meeting with just them would be even better.
I ended up meeting good people to spend the night with. I feel confident enough to go out like this more often.
Perhaps a smaller meeting with just them would be even better.


Nick Cave on Love
“All beauty must die”
Arthur Cave, the fifteen-year-old son of musician Nick Cave, accidentally fell from the 18-metre cliffs on Ovingdean Gap in Brighton, East Sussex in 2015. He died later that day from his injuries. He’d taken a selfie just hours prior, showing the windmill in the background. He has a cheeky grin as he snaps the photo.
Nick Cave had written most of the songs for the yet to be recorded album, Skeleton Tree. In the aftermath of Arthur’s death, Cave insisted that the recording go ahead. He needed something to hold onto.
I Need You, in particular, is a song that seems to predict his impending sadness. Cave sings with grief spilling out in every syllable. Nothing really matters when the one you love is gone… ‘Cause nothing really matters We follow the line of the palms of our hands… I’ll miss you when you’re gone away forever… On the night we wrecked like a train…
Cave has never subscribed to the Hollywood version of love. He is a romantic, one that is grounded in reality where happily ever after doesn’t exist. Either God’s judgement or death will cheat you of ever getting there.
Cave’s music is an insurance policy against being overwhelmed by loss. The foundation of all his songs is love. Especially the ones that howl against the black night.
Love songs are “incendiary devices that bomb the heart to pieces”, according to Cave. There can be no love without heartache. They must always acknowledge the spectre of pain, that dark shadow that always accompanies the “wonder, the magic and the joy of love.”
Cave’s father, an English teacher, died when he was 19 in a car accident. And since 1978, he has been writing as he is running out of time. As if he needs to prove to himself that his father’s influence still shapes the writer son.
Nick Cave is a prolific songwriter who specialises in complex narrative-driven songs. His persona has been as the dark prince of rock, however, he defies categorisation.
Vice described him as “a caricature, … easy to paint; all black linearity and angular shadows like some Goya grotesque. A sinister lord of malevolent melancholy…” But this description doesn’t scratch the surface and ultimately distracts from the hopeless romantic that is the foundation of his musical career.
While his early performances were drug and alcohol-fueled orgies of anger, his lyrics have always shown this union between love and loss. In ‘Brave Exhibition’ on his first studio album, Door, Door, Cave sings: Looks like I’m on my own I’m so scared to be alone with you… I am a zoo if only You would kiss me just like you used to Then I might take a chance too, on you
There is a longing for love that is immediately thinged with the knowledge that it can’t and won’t last. That the risk of falling in love is worth all the pain.
Cave’s career began in 1973 when he and some friends from high school played cover versions of Lou Reed, David Bowie and Alice Cooper. Four years later, The Boys Next Door formed. They became a staple of Melbourne’s post-punk scene.
A band name change to The Birthday Party, and a change of city, first London and then West Berlin, heralded them onto the world stage. In 1981, music critic John Peel named Release the Bats as the album of the year.
Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds was formed in 1984, and have released seventeen albums, each different and unique. In addition, Cave has collaborated with bandmate Warren Ellis on scores for films, including The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford and The Road, the two-album side project Grinderman and 2021’s album Carnage.
On his own, Cave has written two novels, some scripts and acted in various films.
He has also been the subject of two documentaries, 2014’s 20,000 Days On Earth and 2016’s One More Time with Feeling that detailed the trauma following the death of his son, Arthur Cave and the making of the Bad Seed’s album Skeleton Tree.
Examining Cave’s lyrics reveal a preoccupation with religion, death and love. Often, all three are entwined within a song. However, it is the former two that shines a light on his distinct understanding of love.
According to Cave himself, love songs are “the very heart of my particular artistic quest.”
The 1996 album Murder Ballads and The Bad Seeds’ ninth studio album, illustrates this nexus of love. It is an album full of murder and mayhem that reportedly has a body count of 37. It remains the bands biggest commercial success, due almost exclusively to MTV’s high rotation of the duet with Kylie Minogue.
‘Where the Wild Roses Grow’, begins with Cave singing “From the first day I saw her I knew she was the one.” The two provide their own perspective on the courtship. Minogue’s character is innocent and pure, “He would be my first man.”
Minogue sings “On the second day he came with a single red rose/ He said “Will you give me your loss and your sorrow”/ I nodded my head…” This lies at the heart of Cave’s sensibility of romance. He can’t have happiness without acknowledging loss and sorrow.
Cave sings his final verse. And I kissed her goodbye, said, “All beauty must die” And I lent down and planted a rose ‘tween her teeth
Mingogue sings about her final moment alive: “As he knelt above me with a rock in his fist.”
The song’s end is inevitable. Not only because it is Nick Cave. Or the album’s title. But because, according to both Cave and his character, “all beauty must die.”
One of the most known love songs of all time, and certainly Cave’s most accessible love song is Into My Arms. His vision of love is devoid of cliches, even though his most famous love song has become a cliche for any couple devoid of imagination.
The first line is “I don’t believe in an interventionist, God”. The person of his affection, however, does believe in such a God, so he promises to ask her God to not change anything about her. There is the fear that such a God will change her, either in some small way or in that ultimate way.
In the final verse, he sings “And I believe in Love/ And I know that you do too”. There is a common yearning in all of us and love is how we connect and fight off the inevitable end of everything.
His lyrics acknowledge, at all times, this fragility. Nurturing love between two people is a precarious proposition. In Love Letter from 2001’s No More Shall We Part, Cave sings “Said something I did not mean to say/ It all came out the wrong way.” Love, to Cave, is never static.
This vision of love that avoids the romantic notions of happily ever after must be viewed in the wider context of what excites Cave, the songwriter. Love can only be understood because it is constantly in the shadows of death and religion. In many ways, Cave’s love is the antidote to fear instilled by both death and God. It is the one thing that we can reveal and destroy. In Lime Tree Arbour, Cave writes about love in language reminiscent of the New Testament: “There is a hand that protects me/ And I do love her so”.
Cave writes in Straight To You, perhaps his greatest pop song, “Now Heaven has denied us its kingdom”. The song tells of the end of time, with all of man’s creations crumbling, and all Cave wants to do is go to his lover. It is the only rational thing a human can do when nothing else makes sense. It is love that justifies the false belief in God, a God that bestows death upon us all.
Love is never simple, never straight forward and never the prelude to a happy ending. When Nick Cave writes a love song he is seeking to articulate the simple truth that love, whilst real and desirable, is fleeting.


Select candidates below to see a side-by-side comparison of their background and where they stand on the issues.
Refuses to comment
Unknown
Was last a WA State Assemblymember for District 45, businessman.
Supports DACA, Dream Act, and pathways to citizenship for immigrants. Link
Believes in climate change and is a support of Alliance for Clean Energy Jobs
Stanford and Berkeley trained pediatrician.


2020-05-23
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PERFORMANCE (director: Donald Cammell/Nicolas Roeg; screenwriter: Donald Cammell; cinematographer: Nicolas Roeg; editor: Frank Mazzola; cast: James Fox (Chas Devlin), Mick Jagger (Turner), Anita Pallenberg (Pherber), Michele Breton (Lucy), Johnny Shannon (Harry Flowers), Stan Meadows (Rosebloom), John Bindon (Moody ), Anthony Morton (Dennis), Anthony Valentine (Joey Maddocks), Kenneth Colley (Tony Farrell), Allan Cuthbertson (The lawyer), John Sterland (The Chauffeur), Laraine Wickens (Lorraine), 1970-U.K.)
Reviewed by Dennis Schwartz
Strange, bizarre, confusing, and psychedelic, all are apt descriptions for this easy to follow story but most difficult film to keep track of. That is mainly due to the elliptical editing, fast cuts, forward and backward flashbacks, and a montage of images with all kinds of implications behind them. It is a film, that of all studios, for Warner Bros. to come out with it, just doesn't make sense. This is not the type of independent artistic film they make over there. Their reaction to seeing the finished product was predictably one of disbelief and disgust. They felt they had been dirtied by having their name associated with this film; and with Donald Cammell, the former artist now film director, refusing the studio's demands to cut huge portions of the film, therefore the film was put on hold for a few years until Cammell was called back to finish the film his way. Nicolas Roeg, at that point, disassociated himself from the film, but since his name was left on it, and Cammell was an inexperienced 26-year-old director, Roeg unfairly received the lion's share of the critical credit that was to come from some of the established critics who, true to form, didn't recognize what an innovative and masterful film it was until much later. An underground audience, well-aware of the peyote mushrooms and psychedelic flashes throughout the film, rushed to see it in a partylike 'hippie' atmosphere during the midnight hours it was shown, to packed audiences. Warner Bros. was clueless how to market the film, whether to make it a Mick Jagger 'rock' experience or as a gangster film. Therefore the film floundered in the box offices across straight America, and was quickly pulled out of the theaters by the unhappy studio executives.
Chas (James Fox) is the muscle man for a London protection racket, run by a puff, the egotistical and perverted Harry Flowers (Johnny Shannon). That Chas is an anal compulsive, an artist in his field of enforcement (a takeoff on the British gangster Jimmy Evans), thoroughly enjoying his work of putting the fright into those who cross the organization, is shown, as he leaves the woman (Wickens) he just slept with and goes to work smartly dressed in a suit and tie, warning the accused on trial for an unethical merger that he'll be in a wheel chair if he implicates Harry Flowers in any way. When his lawyer butts in, saying he is not intimidated, Chas returns with the boys, Rosy (Meadows) and Dennis (Morton), and they gag the lawyer's Chauffeur and razor cut his hair, and take a bucket of acid to the lawyer's Rolls Royce, ruining the paint job. The next one they go after is one of the East Enders Chas grew up with and whom he now hates for various personal reasons, Joey Maddocks (Valentine), who is being forced into joining the organization and giving up control of his horse betting parlor. Harry warns Chas to stay out of this, keep your personal things out of the business. When the boys decorate Joey's place, Chas walks in when its over and rubs it into Joey, taking him to see Harry. Joey joins the organization, gleeful at seeing Harry admonish Chas for not listening to him and calling him mockingly the Lone Ranger.
Joey will jump Chas in his flat after they leave Harry's, wrecking the place and pouring red paint all over it, and with the help of two of his boys pin down Chas and whip the daylights out of him. Somehow Chas gets free and shoots Joey, which turns out to be his downfall, as he now has to go on the run from the gang and from the police.
One of the highlights of the first half of the film, was the nude dance number performed by the Harry Flowers gang. They danced, sang an ode to Harry, and we saw that they can be just as notorious as America's gangsters. Their overt homosexuality indicated that homosexuals wield tremendous power within his crime organization and probably have some impact in Britain's gangster world.
The next half of the film is about Chas finding shelter in the Notting Hill home of a once famous pop singer, Turner (Mick Jagger), who is now reclusive, living with two foreign women in an exotic sexual relationship, with the well-built Pherber (Anita) and the skinny masculine looking Lucy (Breton).  Each artist is currently stuck and in a dilemma on how to resolve their problem: Fox enjoyed his work too much and didn't know when to stop, and is now doomed. Jagger has lost his demon for madness, which gives him his creativity to perform. It seems as if, in a strange way, these two opposites, have similar impulses that give them their power to succeeed. This is Jagger's thought, as he attempts the merging of their personalities alchemically by feeding Fox those potent mushrooms and getting him confused about his masculinity and who he really is, until Jagger can digest his trip fully and trade places with him, even though he knows Fox is in extreme danger of losing his life.
Fox needs to get a passport from Tony (Colley), someone he can rely on, as he phones him for help to escape to America (a very good place for gangsters and performers to go to). Unfortunately for Fox, he is double-crossed by Tony, who tips Harry off to where he is.
As a reward for getting into Fox's head, Jagger is shot by him when Harry's boys come to take Chas away on a ride he will never return from. I guess it is one head trip exchanged for another, each doing it the way they know best.
The violent trip that Fox is on, has been around forever, as under the hallucinogenic drug, time becomes irrelevant and we are treated to all sorts of images from his past and present life, plus a glaring look at Francis Bacon's homo-erotic art work, which makes reality and fantasy become hard to distinguish. Chas is very uncomfortable with losing complete control of the situation; yet he sticks to who he thinks he is, pretending to be normal, even though he has been sexually crossed-dressed by Pherber, losing his sense of complete manliness and is scrutinized by Jagger as he tries to reclaim the image he has of himself. Chas looks and acts as anything but what society would take for normal. The last image we have of him, is as Pherber dressed him, as he enters Harry's white Cadillac and his face looks just like Jagger's; but Harry happily greets him as Chas, as if he was becoming reaquainted with an old friend.
Performance is also noted for its memorable music, as arranged by the rock genius, Jack Nietzche. Some of the music played was by the Last Poets, a bitter rap song about the 'The Big Apple,' Randy Newman ( Long Dead Train ), Buffy Saint Marie ( Dyed, Dead, Red ), and Ry Cooder ( Bootleneck guitar).
Warner Bros. tried suing the director Cammell after seeing how he completed the film, hoping not to release it, that's how bad the feelings were, for a film that lived on to become a cult favorite even though it never got its proper due with the straight critics and public. Cammell committed suicide in 1996, copying the style used by Fox when he executed Jagger, and supposedly remaining conscious for 45 minutes after the shooting, but was in no pain, as reported by friends. For him, murder turned out to be truly a work of art.
It was a film whose psychedelic flashes might seem a bit dated now, but all the best directors from Kubrick to Scorsese borrowed freely from it, as it changed the way many mainstream films were to be made after 1970. The freshness and energy and montages of the film are unique, as it was able to mix the world of art with violence, something that seems to be a natural fit, as shown in these kaleidoscope images. What results is the merging from the opposite worlds of the underworld and underground, as influenced by the business of making money, the Holy Grail at the end of the journey. It is a film that both gangsters and artists can sink their teeth into, even if the gangster might fail to recognize how he looks to others or to himself.
A one of a kind film, deserving of much critical praise, as it is a most efficacious look at the subculture of the gangster and artist worlds and, simultaneously, a most enigmatic film to try and take in all its fanciful images and perversions and drug induced fantasies, though time has taken away some of its freshness, it still is a work of considerable power.
REVIEWED ON 8/14/99 GRADE: A
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Dennis Schwartz: "Ozus' World Movie Reviews"
© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Where is everybody? In a big city, it can be difficult find this out. Websearches may describe 'shopping districts' or parks, but its often hard to determine where popular parks, street festivals, or other various congregations of people are located withoout painstakingly visiting every block by foot or car.
Twitter is a fantistic reservoir of information about where people are, and what they have to say. To uncover local hotspots, I mapped the frequency of tweets and message content across the neighborhoods of San Francisco.


Info about availabilty of oxygen cylinder and concentrators.
Details
Check nearby vaccine availability.
Check Oxygen cylinder availability.
Locate hospitals with ICU wards and Beds.
FAQ's about Covid
- Find answers -
Contribute by providing information
- Get in Touch -


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
In computer security, Capture the Flag (CTF) is a computer security competition. CTF contests are usually designed to serve as an educational exercise to give participants experience in securing a machine, as well as conducting and reacting to the sort of attacks found in the real world. Reverse-engineering, network sniffing, protocol analysis, system administration, programming, and cryptanalysis are all skills which have been required by prior CTF contests at DEF CON. There are two main styles of capture the flag competitions: attack/defense and jeopardy.
In an attack/defense style competition, each team is given a machine (or a small network) to defend on an isolated network. Teams are scored on both their success in defending their assigned machine and on their success in attacking other team's machines. Depending on the nature of the particular CTF game, teams may either be attempting to take an opponent's flag from their machine or teams may be attempting to plant their own flag on their opponent's machine. One of the more prominent attack/defense CTF's is held every year at the hacker conference DEF CON.
Jeopardy-style competitions usually involve multiple categories of problems, each of which contains a variety of questions of different point values. Teams race to be the first to solve the most number of points, but do not directly attack each other..
(from Wikipedia)


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Tal
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Although he had been an obedient child, growing up he had become oblivious to the age-old wisdom of his ancestors to respect oaks and all of nature's gifts. [G|D]
He moved onward with his life, constantly offering up his time and resources to assist those in need, never thinking that one day there would be an obituary written in his honor. [G|D]
His obsequiousness to authority caused him to obfuscate the truth and obediently accept whatever was told to him without question. [G|D]
He gazed into the oracle's eyes, searching for answers that lay hidden beneath the opacity of the deep blue sea, unaware of the majestic orca that swam below him. [G|D]


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block main %}
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from datetime import date, timedelta t = (2010, 2, 3) date(t[0], t[1], t[2]) # 3 february 2010 # or date(*t) # * does unpacking values for sequence
from datetime import date, timedelta f = date(2014, 12, 31) # 31 december 2014 s = date(2011, 1, 1) # 1 january 2011 f - s == datetime.timedelta(1460)
timedelta(5).days == 5 (date(2014, 12, 31) - date(2011, 1, 1)).days == 1460
abs(5) == abs(-5) == 5 (date(2011, 1, 1) - date(2014, 12, 31)).days == -1460 abs((date(2011, 1, 1) - date(2014, 12, 31)).days) == 1460
from datetime import date def days_diff(a: tuple[int, int, int], b: tuple[int, int, int]) -> int: return abs((date(*a)-date(*b)).days)Since this solution is short and simple, you may use lambda expression (anonymous function) to write such functions more compact:
from datetime import date days_diff = lambda a, b: abs((date(*a)-date(*b)).days)
def days_diff(date1, date2): total = [] for date in [date1, date2]: year = date[0] month = date[1] a = (14 - month)//12 y = year - a dayN = date[2]+(153*(month + 12*a - 3)+2)//5 + 365*y + y//4 - y//100 + y//400 total.append(dayN) return abs(total[0]-total[1])Click "Best solutions" in mission menu to get more interesting solutions!


Silly Phishing Scam Warns That Your Password Will be Changed
by Lawrence AbramsA silly phishing campaign is underway where the attackers state that your password will expire and be changed unless you login and confirm that you want to keep it the same.
As people get better at spotting the phishing scams pretending to be shipping information, receipts, and voicemails, scammers need to come with new methods to get people to click the links in their emails.
Such is the case with a new phishing email that states you need click on the "Keep same password" button or your password will expire.
The full text of this phishing email is below.
Your account<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password expires today 11/11/2019 6:26:44 a.m.
Please kindly use the button below to continue with the same password
Keep same password
NOTE : This is a one time user verification carried out in purpose to provide a more secured platform and shut down robot or malicious users created in purpose of spamming and other fraudulent activities .
Copyright © 2019 example.com security management
Of course, once you click on the "Keep same password" link you will be brought to a page asking you to login to your mail server.
Once you so, though, the attackers will now have your login credentials and be able to access your email account.
They can then perform BEC scams or take over other accounts that you use under the same email address.
As always, if you find a suspicious email related to your email accounts or login credentials, always contact your system administrator before clicking on any links in the emails you receive.


Portfolio
City Weather Dashboard
An application that provides current and forecast weather information for cities in the U.S. that the user wants to search.
- FontAwesome
- Bootstrap
- Moment.js
- JQuery
Password Generator
A simple random password generator that prompts the user for criteria inputs and then generates the password accordingly.
- HTML
- CSS
- Javascript
Dharma Center Bookstore Search and Suggestion Application
An application that returns book suggestions and searches based on user input so that the user can order a book.
- Foundation
- JQuery
- Google Books API
- NY Times API


--- layout: post title: New Year, New Egg date: 2015-01-08 23:52:26.000000000 -05:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - dinner - recipes - savory tags: - eggs - how-to - soft boiled meta: _oembed_d7f3cb4727e5c40acb2fefa7f7e34f4d: _edit_last: '1' author: login: sophie email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Pika first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
I love eggs. I love them as much as about the length of this song, put on a continuous loop for 10 hours:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifgEjv27fe0
To me, eggs are an example of perfect design: they are modular, portable, self-contained, cute, plentiful, cheap, and above all, delicious. Eggs also have this magic culinary quality of playing extremely well with others. You can put an egg on just about anything for an instant level-up: cheese sandwich = meh, egg + cheese sandwich = perfection; pizza = standard, pizza topped with egg = heavenly; ramen = good, ramen + perfect soft boiled egg = everything I ever wanted.
It is this last type of egg that I love the most. You know, perfectly coddled, soft boiled perfection that breaks easily with a spoon to reveal molten centers.
Unfortunately, boiling eggs is not as easy as it sounds. In fact, it’s an extremely delicate art: boil them for too long, and you’ll have revolting green-tinged yolks, dry as sawdust; undercook them and the eggs collapse when cracked. Worst of all, it’s almost always impossible to peel. You end up with either bits of shell sticking to the egg or pock-marked whites.
That’s why I avoid boiling altogether, saving the risk of headache and wasting a bucket of water (along with precious eggs). The trick to mastering the art of perfect boiled eggs is not to boil them at all. Steaming eggs is fool-proof: quick, consistent, and efficient. It’s also convenient: I just put a half dozen in the steamer basket of my rice cooker, for some delicious multi-tasking. Here’s how:
Perfect Soft (not) Boiled Eggs
makes 6 eggs, or half a dozen (large or extra large)
poached (hehe) from Serious Eats
This is it, folks. You never have to boil an egg again or pick away shell pieces. Soft boiled eggs are great to store in the fridge for busy weekdays. Add one or two to just about anything for an instant meal: toast, spinach, soup, sauteed greens, mashed potatoes, ramen: sky’s the limit!
Pour 1 inch of water into a pot with steamer insert; bring water to a boil.
When water is boiling, put eggs in steamer basket. Cover lid.
For soft centers steam exactly 6 minutes (remember: 6 minutes, 6 eggs!) or 10 minutes for hard boiled eggs.
Let eggs come to room temperature before peeling. Don’t run them under cold water or in ice or anything like that.
Enjoy warm eggs as a snack, in your ramen, salad, soup, or just about anything else. If not eating immediately, store in a sealed container in the fridge.
Update: Some Notes on Egg Specifics
I used extra large eggs, but the original cook times are for large eggs so both should be OK.
I made varying number of eggs 2 <= n <= 6 and used the same time regardless of egg number (unlike boiling, object increase does not lower temp., at least I don't think as much).
** A moment of applause for the fact that I made zero egg puns in the above. **


T H E F A C E L E S S M E N
Rescuing victims by the day and fighting criminals in the night,
(or in other words building this website)
the Team is running short of money to buy capes,masks and pants skin tight .
MR. SERENE
Developer
think tank
Designer
the visionary
Designer
pantomath
Developer
best web site creator


Audi RS 5 Coupé
Price: $138,700
Acceleration: 3.9 seconds from 0 to 100 km/h
Maximum torque: 600 Nm
Top Speed: 250 km/h
- Car Details
- Image Gallery
Car Details
A legendary race car to own
The RS 5 Coupé owes its significant increase in power and efficiency to the newly developed six-cylinder engine. The two turbochargers are positioned centrally between the cylinder banks. The air is drawn out of every two-flow turbocharger and into the combustion chambers, which makes the response spontaneous and dynamic - at any speed. The RS 5 Coupé accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 3.9 seconds. Its maximum torque of 600 Nm (170 Nm more than the previous model) lies in a wide range of 1900-5000 1/min. This power is achieved through the sporty eight-speed tiptronic with optimised switching times, superior to the standard permanent all-wheel drive quattro with centre differential. Dynamic handling, with excellent traction and simultaneously with maximum safety, is guaranteed with the driving forces, which are distributed at a ratio of 40:60. The robust RS-sound further emphasises the power of the engine.
The RS 5 Coupé was designed to incorporate the striking motorsport details of the Audi 90 quattro IMSA GTO: massive air intakes with typical RS honeycomb structure, a wider and lower single-frame grille, lateral air in and outlets and the typical RS sides which emphasise the broad wheel arches through the strong curvature. Sportiness is also evident at the rear. The applied spoiler lip, the RS-specific diffuser insert and oval tailpipes are a part of the RS character. These details can be further individualised through the optional styling packages which offer dull aluminum or fine carbon.


Hell yes, Leaflet! (or, Let's Make a Web Map)
PLEASE interrupt me to ask questions.
To follow along: https://lyzidiamond.com/maptimepdx/leaflet/
While I'm talking, please download a text editor if you don't have one already. I recommend Sublime Text 2.
First of all: What characterizes a web map?
1: Tiles*
*(This isn't ALWAYS the case, but we'll pretend it is for now.)
"... web maps are made up of many small, square images called tiles."
"These tiles are typically 256x256 pixels and are placed side-by-side in order to create the illusion of a very large seamless image."
You may be asking yourself: But what about when I zoom in? How come the resolution stays so good?
Well, each zoom level has its own set of tiles!
Zoom level 0: 1 tile for the world.
With each additional zoom level, the number of tiles increases exponentially.
Zoom level 1: 4 tiles for the world.
Zoom level 2: 16 tiles for the world.
Any guesses how many tiles are in zoom level 3?
Aw yeah, you got it. 64! Y'all are great at math.
Map tiles only render when you're looking at them in that moment, so tiles make maps hella fast.
Map tiles are just images on the web, so you can link to them individually.
In order to understand how this works, let's break down the URL.
https://tile.openstreetmap.org/4/2/3.png -- this is the name of the tile server.
https://tile.openstreetmap.org/4/2/3.png -- this is the z value, or the zoom level.
https://tile.openstreetmap.org/4/2/3.png -- This is the y/x value, or the place in the grid where the tile lives.
In a little bit, we will look at how to include tiles in our web map.
2: Feature Layers*
Feature layers are map layers that live on top of your base tiles. Sometimes you can interact with them (clicking to produce a popup, for example).
They are often vector layers (points, lines, polygons).
*(Not every web map contains a feature layer, but they are fairly typical.)
What data types can we use for adding feature layers to a web map?
KML is another. So is TopoJSON. And even SVG.
Some mapping libraries allow you to define vector data points within your script itself.
But we're getting ahead of ourselves. There's one more thing that makes a web map:
3: It's on the web!
This means you need to embed your map in an HTML page.
And in order to allow you to zoom and pan and add tooltips, you need some JavaScript.
Fortunately, we have mapping libraries that can help us out!
The one we're going to play with today is called Leaflet.
So with all of that functionality available, it should take us no time to make a map!
Let's go to it.
The full example is at https://lyzidiamond.com/leaflet.html (map) and https://lyzidiamond.com/leaflet.md (HTML).
First, open your text editor, create a new file, and save it as an HTML file.
You can call the file whatever you want, but make sure the file extension is .html.
An HTML file is broken into two parts: head and body.
The head section includes styling, links to external resources, and other things the page might need to load properly.
The body section includes all the elements that will be rendered on the page.
Oh: and the whole thing should be bookended by html tags.
In order to make our web map work, there are several things that need to be added to the head section of the page.
First, we need to add the Leaflet CSS file to the page. This allows us to add predefined mappy elements.
Add this to the
head:
Then we need to add the Leaflet JavaScript file. This will allow us to make a map object in which we can pan, zoom, and do other mappy activities.
Add this to the
head:
Finally, we need to add some of our own CSS to make the map as big or small as we want. We'll set it to a height of 600 pixels.
Add this to the
head:
Now let's add some code inside the body.
Step one is to make a div to contain our map.
Add this to the
body:
Great! Now we have a div that will contain our map, and we've added the scripts and stylesheets we will need to access.
Now, let's make it do stuff!
Inside the body, add a script tag.
Add this to the
body:
We will be making a map of Portland using OpenStreetMap tiles.
The first step is to initialize a map, set its view to Portland, and set a zoom level.
Add this inside the
script tag:
Hooray! Now there's a map in our map div, with the center in the Willamette River, set at zoom level 14.
But... there's nothing on the map. We have to add some map tiles!
Add this inside the
script tag:
Now we have to close the script tag, close the body tag, and close the html tag.
Add this to the end:
Go ahead and open up your HTML file in your browser. Do you see a map?
Awesome!
But a map of just tiles is kind of boring, right? Let's add a map marker.
The lat/lon for our current location (the Esri office) is [45.516469, -122.676208]. Let's add a marker here.
Add this inside the
script tag:
Reload your HTML in the browser. There's totally a map marker on SW 3rd and Salmon!
Go ahead and click on the marker. Does anything happen?
Nope. Let's do something about that. Let's give that point a popup.
Leaflet really likes popups. They're baked right into the JavaScript library! Let's add one for our marker that says "EsriPDX" on it.
Add this inside the
script tag:
Reload and click on the marker. Does the popup appear?
Hooray! It totally does! We made a popup!
In reference to the feature layers we talked about earlier: in addition to adding individual points, you can totally add full data layers on top of a Leaflet map.
That's a project for another time, though. :)
The Leaflet Quick Start Guide continues here to handle events and a couple other things, but let's take a quick assessment.
What did we do today?
We learned how map tiles work.
We broke down the different pieces of a web map.
We talked about the structure of an HTML file.
We made a web map of Portland with a map marker on it!
This is a lot. Give yourself a pat on the back.
So... What's next?
Learn about other mapping libraries. For example, you can learn about MapBox.js over at
mapbox.com/mapbox.js.
Download TileMill at
tilemill.com and make your own map tiles for use in future maps!
As you saw today, web maps are totally awesome. And you know what the best part is?
This is just the beginning.
Thanks.
Lyzi Diamond; @lyzidiamond on GitHub and Twitter; lyzidiamond@gmail.com


Contains, as a main contribution, a function to fit a regression model with possibly right, left or interval censored observations and with the error distribution expressed as a mixture of G-splines. Core part of the computation is done in compiled C++ written using the Scythe Statistical Library Version 0.3.
| Version: | 2.0.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.0), survival |
| Imports: | graphics, stats |
| Published: | 2018-08-10 |
| Author: | Arnošt Komárek |
| Maintainer: | ORPHANED |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: | http://msekce.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~komarek |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| Citation: | smoothSurv citation info |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| In views: | Survival |
| CRAN checks: | smoothSurv results |
| Reference manual: | smoothSurv.pdf |
| Package source: | smoothSurv_2.0.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: smoothSurv_2.0.1.zip, r-release: smoothSurv_2.0.1.zip, r-oldrel: smoothSurv_2.0.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: smoothSurv_2.0.1.tgz, r-oldrel: smoothSurv_2.0.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | smoothSurv archive |
| Reverse depends: | bayesSurv |
| Reverse imports: | icensBKL |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=smoothSurv to link to this page.


After my junior year, I worked at Factual in Los Angeles as a Full Stack developer on the Front Team. I primarily worked on a full redesign of the main website's Contact page and associated forms to enable updates directly from the marketing team. Before, all changes had to be done by engineers regardless of size or complexity, which was inefficient for everyone involved. I also moved the front-end stack for the forms from Angular V1 to Vue.js. Aside from the contact forms, I developed Patchwork, an open source dependency monitoring tool, as part of the company's 6th Annual Hackathon.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block pageTitle %} GOV.UK Prototype Kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %}
{% endblock %} {% set mainClasses = "govuk-main-wrapper--l" %} {% from "govuk/components/panel/macro.njk" import govukPanel %} {% block content %}Your data will be converted to the NeTEx format and will be emailed to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>within the next 5 minutes for the fares you have just told us about.
You will be contacted should there be a problem with your upload.
You now have two options; you can create another fare using this service or go straight to the Bus Open Data Service (BODS) to upload your NeTEx file.
Continue to BODS"Continue to BODS" tranfers you to the Bus Open Data Service where you can upload your NeTEx file
What did you think of this service? (takes 30 seconds)


during HackYSU, we created an increasingly verbose meme generator using Python and machine learning. an increasingly verbose meme is a series of multi-pane images featuring a preexisting meme poorly redrawn in MS Paint several times.
To create the second image panel we used OpenCV to create a cartoon filter for the image. afterward we used scikit-learn and opencv to render abstract versions of the image and used k-means color compression to create blotchy versions of the image.
we found the synonyms of nouns and verbs and added random adjectives to create new text for every panel.
in attempt to make the image worse, we tried to used a convolutional neural network to transfer another image's style (such as children's art or graffiti) to our base image.


Starting price: 1.5ETH ($3,472.03)
Created by artbygabeweis
One of seven of the collectors of “Blue Destiny” will win “Red Destiny”, which is a super rare twin 1/1 NFT with a red background. “Red Destiny” 1/1 will be listed for 3.85eth and gifted to the winner on the night of the Instagram drawing. I will do a live random number generator drawing for the winner on Instagram Live on the Sunday after all 7 of “Blue Destiny” sell at 5pm PST. We will see if Red is your Destiny.
Starting price: 1ETH ($2,258.50)
Created by RichieHawtin
This layer includes a rhythmic bassline and strong dark blue verticals which combine with the [Bassline] to provide the works stability. This layer has two states, On or Off.Pacific Islander Community. Stop AAPI Hate is a non-profit centered around raising awareness and providing a reporting resource for those of Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage.Stop AAPI Hate is a non-profit centered around raising awareness and providing a reporting resource for those of Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage.
Starting price: 1.5ETH ($3,472.03)
Created by artbygabeweis
Korean digital 3D idol J-Yung joins Shudu in an embrace against Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) hate and discrimination, in this inspirational hybrid of digital art, music, fashion, and activism. These two powerhouses stand proudly together against hate, promoting inclusivity and diversity.
100% of NFT proceeds go to StopAAPIHate.org to help build awareness and end hatred against the Asian American Pacific Islander Community. Stop AAPI Hate is a non-profit centered around raising awareness and providing a reporting resource for those of Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage.
Starting price: 0.15ETH ($339.70)
Created by iconpunks
Korean digital 3D idol J-Yung joins Shudu in an embrace against Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) hate and discrimination, in this inspirational hybrid of digital art, music, fashion, and activism. These two powerhouses stand proudly together against hate, promoting inclusivity and diversity.
100% of NFT proceeds go to StopAAPIHate.org to help build awareness and end hatred against the Asian American Pacific Islander Community. Stop AAPI Hate is a non-profit centered around raising awareness and providing a reporting resource for those of Asian-American and Pacific Islander heritage.
Starting price: 1.5ETH ($3,472.03)
Created by artbygabeweis
One of seven of the collectors of “Blue Destiny” will win “Red Destiny”, which is a super rare twin 1/1 NFT with a red background. “Red Destiny” 1/1 will be listed for 3.85eth and gifted to the winner on the night of the Instagram drawing. I will do a live random number generator drawing for the winner on Instagram Live on the Sunday after all 7 of “Blue Destiny” sell at 5pm PST. We will see if Red is your Destiny.
Starting price: 1.5ETH ($3,472.03)
Created by artbygabeweis
One of seven of the collectors of “Blue Destiny” will win “Red Destiny”, which is a super rare twin 1/1 NFT with a red background. “Red Destiny” 1/1 will be listed for 3.85eth and gifted to the winner on the night of the Instagram drawing. I will do a live random number generator drawing for the winner on Instagram Live on the Sunday after all 7 of “Blue Destiny” sell at 5pm PST. We will see if Red is your Destiny.
Starting price: 1.5ETH ($3,472.03)
Created by artbygabeweis
One of seven of the collectors of “Blue Destiny” will win “Red Destiny”, which is a super rare twin 1/1 NFT with a red background. “Red Destiny” 1/1 will be listed for 3.85eth and gifted to the winner on the night of the Instagram drawing. I will do a live random number generator drawing for the winner on Instagram Live on the Sunday after all 7 of “Blue Destiny” sell at 5pm PST. We will see if Red is your Destiny.
0 Raise Total: ETH. 0


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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.drools.jsr94.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSetRepository
public final class RuleExecutionSetRepository
Stores the registered RuleExecutionSet
objects.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
RuleExecutionSetRepository()
Private constructor; use getInstance instead. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
java.util.List |
getRegistrations()
Retrieves a List of the URIs that currently have
RuleExecutionSet s associated with them. |
javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSet |
getRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri)
Get the RuleExecutionSet bound to this URI, or return
null . |
void |
registerRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri,
javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSet ruleSet)
Register a RuleExecutionSet under the given URI. |
void |
unregisterRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri)
Unregister a RuleExecutionSet from the given URI. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public RuleExecutionSetRepository()
getInstance
instead.
| Method Detail |
|---|
public java.util.List getRegistrations()
List
of the URIs that currently have
RuleExecutionSet
s associated with them.
An empty list is returned is there are no associations.
List
of the URIs that currently have
RuleExecutionSet
s associated with them.public javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSet getRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri)
RuleExecutionSet
bound to this URI, or return
null
.
bindUri
- the URI associated with the wanted
RuleExecutionSet
.
RuleExecutionSet
bound to the given URI.public void registerRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri, javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSet ruleSet) throws javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSetRegisterException
RuleExecutionSet
under the given URI.
javax.rules.admin.RuleExecutionSetRegisterException
- if an error occurred that prevented registration (i.e. if
bindUri or ruleSet are null
)bindUri
- the URI to associate with the RuleExecutionSet
.ruleSet
- the RuleExecutionSet
to associate with the URIpublic void unregisterRuleExecutionSet(java.lang.String bindUri)
RuleExecutionSet
from the given URI.
bindUri
- the URI to disassociate with the RuleExecutionSet
.
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Dawn Witness Franz:
This Stone of Commune is used to communicate with the Tablet of Vision. Now, start communicating!


Using GORM Hooks to Clean up Test Fixtures in Golang
If you’ve ever written code in Golang that interfaces with the database, chances are that you already know GORM. With GORM, creating, updating, deleting records is super simple.
But GORM offers a lot more than just basic database operations. One of my favourites is the ability to attach database Hooks. Database hooks can be used to do all kinds of cool stuff like automatically deleting records created by test fixtures, logging information about when a record was inserted/deleted, updating records in one table when another is changed and so on.
Deleting Records Created by Test Fixtures with GORM
A common practice is to create test prerequisites via test fixtures. Let’s say you were testing an application which requires some data to be present in the database. The usual way of testing this would be to insert some test data in the database and then test the application. It is extremely important that the database is in a clean state between test runs and there are no leftovers in the database. You would never want the left over from the previous test affect your current test.
But there’s a problem — How do you remove all the records created by the test fixtures? You could drop the entire database but let’s assume you don’t want to do that. So how do you keep your test environment in a clean and consistent state?
One easy (not really!) and not-so-cool way of doing that would be to manually delete every record that you inserted in the database.
So how you do delete records elegantly? GORM Hooks to the Rescue!
The easiest way is to set up a onCreate
hook on the database and every time you create a record you store its information in a temporary data structure. Once your test completes, you can delete the all the records listed in the temporary data structure. The following code shows a simple function that can be used to remove all records created in the database after the hook was set up.
The entries
array in the above snippet stores the list of records created after the hook was set up and these records would automatically be deleted when the returned function is called.
The following code snippet shows a more thorough example
The test in the above code snippet creates 3 records in the database and the GORM hook stores those records in the entities
array. Once the test is done, all the records are automatically deleted from the database. The following code snippet shows the output of the test in the code snippet above
➜ (foo) go test -v
=== RUN TestCleanup
Inserted entities of products with id=40
Inserted entities of products with id=41
Inserted entities of products with id=42
Deleting entities from 'products' table with key 42
Deleting entities from 'products' table with key 41
Deleting entities from 'products' table with key 40
2019/01/27 15:12:12 [info] removing callback `cleanupHook` from /home/ijarif/Projects/go/src/github.com/jarifibrahim/foo/cleanup_test.go:81
--- PASS: TestCleanup (0.02s)
PASS
ok github.com/jarifibrahim/foo 0.022s
This is how you can ensure your test environment remains in a clean and consistent state across test runs. If you’d like to read more about GORM hooks, head over to http://gorm.io/docs/hooks.html


About Peaches N Seams
3 years ago Cheryl Tenney and Lari Peach traveled to Texas to learn the ins and outs of machines so they could create the company now known as Peaches & Seams.
Though Peaches & Seams is new, the people who work here are filled with years of experience.
We love to sovle the complex puzzles that is a sewing machine.
Amongst a box of gears and parts, our workers know these machines inside and out.
Cheryl Tenney
Cheryl started sewing 23 years ago and has loved making beautiful creations.
She's made from halloween costumes, to wedding dresses, to prom dresses.
She use to spend money to get her machines serviced all the time and it would add up.
She certified to fix sewing machines so she could help people fix their machines without having to spend big bucks.
She loves working with her hands, and the brain power that comes with finding and fixing broken sewing machines.
Cheryl Tenney
Company Starter/Machine Repair
Lari Peach
Lari is a wife, mother, and dear friend to many.
She loves to learn new skills and loves to solve puzzles. Which is one of the reasons she loves fixing machines.
She certified to fix sewing machine to help people continue their journey in creating amazing creations.
She loves to create things of her own. Usually small things like bags and doll clothes, but she enjoys every minute of it.
When she is not fixing machines she is teaching dance aerobics. She is mighty busy, but she loves what she does.
Lari Peach
Company Starter/Machine Repair
Katelyn Tenney
Katelyn is the daughter of Cheryl, and has watched her mother sew her whole life.
Though she doesn't do much for the company. Katelyn often helps her mother any way she can.
Whether it be cleaning the work stations, getting supplies, or bringing good vibes into the room.
She doesn't do much sewing herself, but loves to be the model for when her mother is working on a project.
Katelyn is currently studying at BYU-I in Rexburg, Idaho.
Katelyn Tenney
Daughter/Custodian


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