Logic: Deductive and Inductive
by Carveth Read, M.A.
“Chapter 9”
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1914
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Read C. (1914). Logic: Deductive and Inductive.London, England; Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. LTD.
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- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 8.0
- Word Count: 4,171
- Genre: Informational
- Keywords: math history
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CHAPTER IX
FORMAL CONDITIONS OF MEDIATE INFERENCE
Section 1. A Mediate Inference is a proposition that depends for proof upon two or more other propositions, so connected together by one or more terms (which the evidentiary propositions, or each pair of them, have in common) as to justify a certain conclusion, namely, the proposition in question. The type or (more properly) the unit of all such modes of proof, when of a strictly logical kind, is the Syllogism, to which we shall see that all other modes are reducible. It may be exhibited symbolically thus:
M is P;
S is M
.’. S is P.
Syllogisms may be classified, as to quantity, into Universal or Particular, according to the quantity of the conclusion; as to quality, into Affirmative or Negative, according to the quality of the conclusion; and, as to relation, into Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive, according as all their propositions are categorical, or one (at least) of their evidentiary propositions is a hypothetical or a disjunctive.
To begin with Categorical Syllogisms, of which the following is an example:
All authors are vain;
Cicero is an author:
.’. Cicero is vain.
Here we may suppose that there are no direct means of knowing that Cicero is vain; but we happen to know that [Pg 108]all authors are vain and that he is an author; and these two propositions, put together, unmistakably imply that he is vain. In other words, we do not at first know any relation between ‘Cicero’ and ‘vanity’; but we know that these two terms are severally related to a third term, ‘author,’ hence called a Middle Term; and thus we perceive, by mediate evidence, that they are related to one another. This sort of proof bears an obvious resemblance (though the relations involved are not the same) to the mathematical proof of equality between two quantities, that cannot be directly compared, by showing the equality of each of them to some third quantity:
A = B = C
.’. A = C.
Here B is a middle term.
We have to inquire, then, what conditions must be satisfied in order that a Syllogism may be formally conclusive or valid. A specious Syllogism that is not really valid is called a Parasyllogism.
Section 2. General Canons of the Syllogism.
(1) A Syllogism contains three, and no more, distinct propositions.
(2) A Syllogism contains three, and no more, distinct univocal terms.
These two Canons imply one another. Three propositions with less than three terms can only be connected in some of the modes of Immediate Inference. Three propositions with more than three terms do not show that connection of two terms by means of a third, which is requisite for proving a Mediate Inference. If we write–
All authors are vain;
Cicero is a statesman–
there are four terms and no middle term, and therefore there is no proof. Or if we write–
All authors are vain;
Cicero is an author:
.’. Cicero is a statesman–
All authors are vain;
Cicero wrote on philosophy:
.’. Cicero is vain–
the term 'statesman' occurs without any voucher; it appears in the inference but not in the evidence, and therefore violates the maxim of all formal proof, 'not to go beyond the evidence.' It is true that if any one argued–
this could not be called a bad argument or a material fallacy; but it would be a needless departure from the form of expression in which the connection between the evidence and the inference is most easily seen.
Still, a mere adherence to the same form of words in the expression of terms is not enough: we must also attend to their meaning. For if the same word be used ambiguously (as ‘author’ now for ‘father’ and anon for ‘man of letters’), it becomes as to its meaning two terms; so that we have four in all. Then, if the ambiguous term be the Middle, no connection is shown between the other two; if either of the others be ambiguous, something seems to be inferred which has never been really given in evidence.
The above two Canons are, indeed, involved in the definition of a categorical syllogism, which may be thus stated: A Categorical Syllogism is a form of proof or reasoning (way of giving reasons) in which one categorical proposition is established by comparing two others that contain together only three terms, or that have one and only one term in common.
The proposition established, derived, or inferred, is called the Conclusion: the evidentiary propositions by which it is proved are called the Premises.
The term common to the premises, by means of which the other terms are compared, is called the Middle Term; the subject of the conclusion is called the Minor Term; the predicate of the conclusion, the Major Term.
The premise in which the minor term occurs is called the Minor Premise; that in which the major term occurs is called the Major Premise. And a Syllogism is usually written thus:
Major Premise–
All authors (Middle) are vain (Major);
Minor Premise–Cicero (Minor) is an author (Middle):
Conclusion–.’. Cicero (Minor) is vain (Major).
Here we have three propositions with three terms, each term occurring twice. The minor and major terms are so called, because, when the conclusion is an universal affirmative (which only occurs in Barbara; see chap. x. Section 6), its subject and predicate are respectively the less and the greater in extent or denotation; and the premises are called after the peculiar terms they contain: the expressions ‘major premise’ and ‘minor premise’ have nothing to do with the order in which the premises are presented; though it is usual to place the major premise first.
(3) No term must be distributed in the conclusion unless it is distributed in the premises.
It is usual to give this as one of the General Canons of the Syllogism; but we have seen (chap. vi. Section 6) that it is of wider application. Indeed, ‘not to go beyond the evidence’ belongs to the definition of formal proof. A breech of this rule in a syllogism is the fallacy of Illicit Process of the Minor, or of the Major, according to which term has been unwarrantably distributed. The following parasyllogism illicitly distributes both terms of the conclusion:
All poets are pathetic;
Some orators are not poets:
.’.
(4) The Middle Term must be distributed at least once in the premises (in order to prove a conclusion in the given terms).
For the use of mediate evidence is to show the relation of terms that cannot be directly compared; this is only possible if the middle term furnishes the ground of comparison; and this (in Logic) requires that the whole denotation of the middle should be either included or excluded by one of the other terms; since if we only know that the other terms are related to some of the middle, their respective relations may not be with the same part of it.
It is true that in what has been called the “numerically definite syllogism,” an inference may be drawn, though our canon seems to be violated. Thus:
60 sheep in 100 are horned;
60 sheep in 100 are blackfaced:
.’. at least 20 blackfaced sheep in 100 are horned.
But such an argument, though it may be correct Arithmetic, is not Logic at all; and when such numerical evidence is obtainable the comparatively indefinite arguments of Logic are needless. Another apparent exception is the following:
Most men are 5 feet high;
Most men are semi-rational:
.’. Some semi-rational things are 5 feet high.
Here the Middle Term (men) is distributed in neither premise, yet the indisputable conclusion is a logical proposition. The premises, however, are really arithmetical; for ‘most’ means ‘more than half,’ or more than 50 per cent.
Still, another apparent exception is entirely logical. Suppose we are given, the premises–All P is M, and All S is M–the middle term is undistributed. But take the obverse of the contrapositive of both premises:
All m is p;
All m is s:
.’. Some s is p.
Here we have a conclusion legitimately obtained; but it is not in the terms originally given.
For Mediate Inference depending on truly logical pre[Pg 112]mises, then, it is necessary that one premise should distribute the middle term; and the reason of this may be illustrated even by the above supposed numerical exceptions. For in them the premises are such that, though neither of the two premises by itself distributes the Middle, yet they always overlap upon it. If each premise dealt with exactly half the Middle, thus barely distributing it between them, there would be no logical proposition inferrible. We require that the middle term, as used in one premise, should necessarily overlap the same term as used in the other, so as to furnish common ground for comparing the other terms. Hence I have defined the middle term as ‘that term common to both premises by means of which the other terms are compared.’
(5) One at least of the premises must be affirmative; or, from two negative premises nothing can be inferred (in the given terms).
The fourth Canon required that the middle term should be given distributed, or in its whole extent, at least once, in order to afford sure ground of comparison for the others. But that such comparison may be effected, something more is requisite; the relation of the other terms to the Middle must be of a certain character. One at least of them must be, as to its extent or denotation, partially or wholly identified with the Middle; so that to that extent it may be known to bear to the other term, whatever relation we are told that so much of the Middle bears to that other term. Now, identity of denotation can only be predicated in an affirmative proposition: one premise, then, must be affirmative.
If both premises are negative, we only know that both the other terms are partly or wholly excluded from the Middle, or are not identical with it in denotation: where they lie, then, in relation to one another we have no means of knowing. Similarly, in the mediate comparison of quantities, if we are told that A and C are both of them [Pg 113]unequal to B, we can infer nothing as to the relation of C to A. Hence the premises–
No electors are sober;
No electors are independent–
however suggestive, do not formally justify us in inferring any connection between sobriety and independence. Formally to draw a conclusion, we must have affirmative grounds, such as in this case we may obtain by obverting both premises:
All electors are not-sober;
All electors are not-independent:
.’. Some who are not-independent are not-sober.
But this conclusion is not in the given terms.
(6) (a) If one premise be negative, the conclusion must be negative: and (b) to prove a negative conclusion, one premise must be negative.
(a) For we have seen that one premise must be affirmative, and that thus one term must be partly (at least) identified with the Middle. If, then, the other premise, being negative, predicates the exclusion of the remaining term from the Middle, this remaining term must be excluded from the first term, so far as we know the first to be identical with the Middle: and this exclusion will be expressed by a negative conclusion. The analogy of the mediate comparison of quantities may here again be noticed:
if A is equal to B, and B is unequal to C, A is unequal to C.
(b) If both premises be affirmative, the relations to the Middle of both the other terms are more or less inclusive, and therefore furnish no ground for an exclusive inference. This also follows from the function of the middle term.
For the more convenient application of these canons to the testing of syllogisms, it is usual to derive from them three Corollaries:
(i) Two particular premises yield no conclusion.
For if both premises be affirmative, all their terms are undistributed, the subjects by predesignation, the predicates by position; and therefore the middle term must be undistributed, and there can be no conclusion.
If one premise be negative, its predicate is distributed by position: the other terms remaining undistributed. But, by Canon 6, the conclusion (if any be possible) must be negative; and therefore its predicate, the major term, will be distributed. In the premises, therefore, both the middle and the major terms should be distributed, which is impossible: e.g.,
Some M is not P;
Some S is M:
.’. Some S is not P.
Here, indeed, the major term is legitimately distributed (though the negative premise might have been the minor); but M, the middle term, is distributed in neither premise, and therefore there can be no conclusion.
Still, an exception may be made by admitting a bi-designate conclusion:
Some P is M;
Some S is not M:
.’. Some S is not some P.
(ii) If one premise be particular, so is the conclusion.
For, again, if both premises be affirmative, they only distribute one term, the subject of the universal premise, and this must be the middle term. The minor term, therefore, is undistributed, and the conclusion must be particular.
If one premise be negative, the two premises together can distribute only two terms, the subject of the universal and the predicate of the negative (which may be the same premise). One of these terms must be the middle; the other (since the conclusion is negative) must be the major. The minor term, therefore, is undistributed, and the conclusion must be particular.
(iii) From a particular major and a negative minor premise nothing can be inferred.
For the minor premise being negative, the major premise must be affirmative (5th Canon); and therefore, being particular, distributes the major term neither in its subject nor in its predicate. But since the conclusion must be negative (6th Canon), a distributed major term is demanded, e.g.,
Some M is P;
No S is M:
.’. –––
Here the minor and the middle terms are both distributed, but not the major (P); and, therefore, a negative conclusion is impossible.
Section 3. First Principle or Axiom of the Syllogism.–Hitherto in this chapter we have been analysing the conditions of valid mediate inference. We have seen that a single step of such inference, a Syllogism, contains, when fully expressed in language, three propositions and three terms, and that these terms must stand to one another in the relations required by the fourth, fifth, and sixth Canons. We now come to a principle which conveniently sums up these conditions; it is called the Dictum de omni et nullo, and may be stated thus:
Whatever is predicated (affirmatively or negatively) of a term distributed,
With which term another term can be (partly or wholly) identified,
May be predicated in like manner (affirmatively or negatively) of the latter term (or part of it).
Thus stated (nearly as by Whately in the introduction to his Logic) the Dictum follows line by line the course of a Syllogism in the First Figure (see chap. x. Section 2). To return to our former example: All authors are vain is the same as–Vanity is predicated of all authors; Cicero is an author is the same as–Cicero is identified as an author; therefore[Pg 116] Cicero is vain, or–Vanity may be predicated of Cicero. The Dictum then requires: (1) three propositions; (2) three terms; (3) that the middle term be distributed; (4) that one premise be affirmative, since only by an affirmative proposition can one term be identified with another; (5) that if one premise be negative the conclusion shall be so too, since whatever is predicated of the middle term is predicated in like manner of the minor.
Thus far, then, the Dictum is wholly analytic or verbal, expressing no more than is implied in the definitions of ‘Syllogism’ and ‘Middle Term’; since (as we have seen) all the General Canons (except the third, which is a still more general condition of formal proof) are derivable from those definitions. However, the Dictum makes a further statement of a synthetic or real character, namely, that when these conditions are fulfilled an inference is justified; that then the major and minor terms are brought into comparison through the middle, and that the major term may be predicated affirmatively or negatively of all or part of the minor. It is this real assertion that justifies us in calling the Dictum an Axiom.
Section 4. Whether the Laws of Thought may not fully explain the Syllogism without the need of any synthetic principle has, however, been made a question. Take such a syllogism as the following:
All domestic animals are useful;
All pugs are domestic animals:
.’. All pugs are useful.
Here (an ingenious man might urge), having once identified pugs with domestic animals, that they are useful follows from the Law of Identity. If we attend to the meaning, and remember that what is true in one form of words is true in any other form, then, all domestic animals being useful, of course pugs are. It is merely a case of subalternation: we may put it in this way:
All domestic animals are useful:
.’. Some domestic animals (e.g., pugs) are useful.
The derivation of negative syllogisms from the Law of Contradiction (he might add) may be shown in a similar manner.
But the force of this ingenious argument depends on the participial clause–’having once identified pugs with domestic animals.’ If this is a distinct step of the reasoning, the above syllogism cannot be reduced to one step, cannot be exhibited as mere subalternation, nor be brought directly under the law of Identity. If ‘pug,’ ‘domestic,’ and ‘useful’ are distinct terms; and if ‘pug’ and ‘useful’ are only known to be connected because of their relations to ‘domestic’: this is something more than the Laws of Thought provide for: it is not Immediate Inference, but Mediate; and to justify it, scientific method requires that its conditions be generalised. The Dictum, then, as we have seen, does generalise these conditions, and declares that when such conditions are satisfied a Mediate Inference is valid.
But, after all (to go back a little), consider again that proposition All pugs are domestic animals: is it a distinct step of the reasoning; that is to say, is it a Real Proposition? If, indeed, ‘domestic’ is no part of the definition of ‘pug,’ the proposition is real, and is a distinct part of the argument. But take such a case as this:
All dogs are useful;
All pugs are dogs.
Here we clearly have, in the minor premise, only a verbal proposition; to be a dog is certainly part of the definition of ‘pug.’ But, if so, the inference ‘All pugs are useful’ involves no real mediation, and the argument is no more than this:
All dogs are useful;
.’. Some dogs (e.g., pugs) are useful.
Similarly, if the major premise be verbal, thus:
All men are rational;
Socrates is a man–
conclude that 'Socrates is rational' is no Mediate Inference; for so much was implied in the minor premise, 'Socrates is a man,' and the major premise adds nothing to this.
Hence we may conclude (as anticipated in chap. vii. Section 3) that ‘any apparent syllogism, having one premise a verbal proposition, is really an Immediate Inference’; but that, if both premises are real propositions, the Inference is Mediate, and demands for its explanation something more than the Laws of Thought.
The fact is that to prove the minor to be a case of the middle term may be an exceedingly difficult operation (chap. xiii. Section 7). The difficulty is disguised by ordinary examples, used for the sake of convenience.
Section 5. Other kinds of Mediate Inference exist, yielding valid conclusions, without being truly syllogistic. Such are mathematical inferences of Equality, as–
A = B = C .’. A = C.
Here, according to the usual logical analysis, there are strictly four terms–(1) A, (2) equal to B, (3) B, (4) equal to C.
Similarly with the argument a fortiori,
A > B > C .’. (much more) A > C.
This also is said to contain four terms: (1) A, (2) greater than B, (3) B, (4) greater than C. Such inferences are nevertheless intuitively sound, may be verified by trial (within the limits of sense-perception), and are generalised in appropriate axioms of their own, corresponding to the Dictum of the syllogism; as ‘Things equal to the same thing are equal to one another,’ etc.
Now, surely, this is an erroneous application of the usual logical analysis of propositions. Both Logic and Mathematics treat of the relations of terms; but whilst Mathematics employs the sign = for only one kind of relation, and for that relation exclusive of the terms; Logic employs [Pg 119]the same signs (is or is not) for all relations, recognising only a difference of quality in predication, and treating every other difference of relation as belonging to one of the terms related. Thus Logicians read A–is–equal to B: as if equal to B could possibly be a term co-relative with A. Whence it follows that the argument A = B = C .’. A = C contains four terms; though everybody sees that there are only three.
In fact (as observed in chap. ii. Section 2) the sign of logical relation (is or is not), whilst usually adequate for class-reasoning (coinherence) and sometimes extensible to causation (because a cause implies a class of events), should never be stretched to include other relations in such a way as to sacrifice intelligence to formalism. And, besides mathematical or quantitative relations, there are others (usually considered qualitative because indefinite) which cannot be justly expressed by the logical copula. We ought to read propositions expressing time-relations (and inferences drawn accordingly) thus:
B–is before–C;
A–is before–B:
.’. A–is before–C.
And in like manner A–is simultaneous with–B; etc. Such arguments (as well as the mathematical) are intuitively sound and verifiable, and might be generalised in axioms if it were worth while: but it is not, because no method could be founded on such axioms.
The customary use of relative terms justifies some Mediate Inferences, as, The father of a father is a grand-father.
Some cases, however, that at first seem obvious, are really delusive unless further data be supplied. Thus A co-exists with B, B with C; .’. A with C–is not sound unless B is an instantaneous event; for where B is perdurable, A may co-exist with it at one time and C at another.
Again: A is to the left of B, B of C; .’. A of C. This may [Pg 120]pass; but it is not a parallel argument that if A is north of B and B west of C, then A is north-west of C: for suppose that A is a mile to the north of B, and B a yard to the west of C, then A is practically north of C; at least, its westward position cannot be expressed in terms of the mariner’s compass. In such a case we require to know not only the directions but the distances of A and C from B; and then the exact direction of A from C is an affair of mathematical calculation.
Qualitative reasoning concerning position is only applicable to things in one dimension of space, or in time considered as having one dimension. Under these conditions we may frame the following generalisation concerning all Mediate Inferences: Two terms definitely related to a third, and one of them positively, are related to one another as the other term is related to the third (that is, positively or negatively); provided that the relations given are of the same kind (that is, of Time, or Coinherence, or Likeness, or Equality).
Thus, to illustrate by relations of Time–
B is simultaneous with C;
A is not simultaneous with B:
.’. A is not simultaneous with C.
Here the relations are of the same kind but of different logical quality, and (as in the syllogism) a negative copula in the premises leads to a negative conclusion.
An examination in detail of particular cases would show that the above generalisation concerning all Mediate Inferences is subject to too many qualifications to be called an Axiom; it stands to the real Axioms (the Dictum, etc.) as the notion of the Uniformity of Nature does to the definite principles of natural order (cf. chap. xiii. Section 8).


public class ScriptEngineManager extends Object
ScriptEngineManager
implements a discovery and instantiation
mechanism for ScriptEngine
classes and also maintains a
collection of key/value pairs storing state shared by all engines created
by the Manager. This class uses the service provider mechanism to enumerate all the
implementations of ScriptEngineFactory
. ScriptEngineManager
provides a method to return a list of all these factories
as well as utility methods which look up factories on the basis of language name, file extension
and mime type.
The Bindings
of key/value pairs, referred to as the "Global Scope" maintained
by the manager is available to all instances of ScriptEngine
created
by the ScriptEngineManager
. The values in the Bindings
are
generally exposed in all scripts.
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ScriptEngineManager()
The effect of calling this constructor is the same as calling
ScriptEngineManager(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()) . |
ScriptEngineManager(ClassLoader loader)
This constructor loads the implementations of
ScriptEngineFactory visible to the given
ClassLoader using the service provider mechanism.If loader is null , the script engine factories that are
bundled with the platform and that are in the usual extension
directories (installed extensions) are loaded. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Object |
get(String key)
Gets the value for the specified key in the Global Scope
|
Bindings |
getBindings()
getBindings returns the value of the globalScope field. |
ScriptEngine |
getEngineByExtension(String extension)
Look up and create a
ScriptEngine for a given extension. |
ScriptEngine |
getEngineByMimeType(String mimeType)
Look up and create a
ScriptEngine for a given mime type. |
ScriptEngine |
getEngineByName(String shortName)
Looks up and creates a
ScriptEngine for a given name. |
List<ScriptEngineFactory> |
getEngineFactories()
Returns a list whose elements are instances of all the
ScriptEngineFactory classes
found by the discovery mechanism. |
void |
put(String key,
Object value)
Sets the specified key/value pair in the Global Scope.
|
void |
registerEngineExtension(String extension,
ScriptEngineFactory factory)
Registers a
ScriptEngineFactory to handle an extension. |
void |
registerEngineMimeType(String type,
ScriptEngineFactory factory)
Registers a
ScriptEngineFactory to handle a mime type. |
void |
registerEngineName(String name,
ScriptEngineFactory factory)
Registers a
ScriptEngineFactory to handle a language
name. |
void |
setBindings(Bindings bindings)
setBindings stores the specified Bindings
in the globalScope field. |
public ScriptEngineManager()
ScriptEngineManager(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader())
.Thread.getContextClassLoader()
public ScriptEngineManager(ClassLoader loader)
ScriptEngineFactory
visible to the given
ClassLoader
using the service provider mechanism.null
, the script engine factories that are
bundled with the platform and that are in the usual extension
directories (installed extensions) are loaded. loader
- ClassLoader used to discover script engine factories.public void setBindings(Bindings bindings)
setBindings
stores the specified Bindings
in the globalScope
field. ScriptEngineManager sets this
Bindings
as global bindings for ScriptEngine
objects created by it.bindings
- The specified Bindings
IllegalArgumentException
- if bindings is null.public Bindings getBindings()
getBindings
returns the value of the globalScope
field.
ScriptEngineManager sets this Bindings
as global bindings for
ScriptEngine
objects created by it.public void put(String key, Object value)
key
- Key to setvalue
- Value to set.NullPointerException
- if key is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if key is empty string.public Object get(String key)
key
- The key whose value is to be returned.public ScriptEngine getEngineByName(String shortName)
ScriptEngine
for a given name.
The algorithm first searches for a ScriptEngineFactory
that has been
registered as a handler for the specified name using the registerEngineName
method.
ScriptEngineFactory
instances
stored by the constructor for one with the specified name. If a ScriptEngineFactory
is found by either method, it is used to create instance of ScriptEngine
.shortName
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implementation.
returned by the getNames
method of its ScriptEngineFactory
.ScriptEngine
created by the factory located in the search. Returns null
if no such factory was found. The ScriptEngineManager
sets its own globalScope
Bindings
as the GLOBAL_SCOPE
Bindings
of the newly
created ScriptEngine
.NullPointerException
- if shortName is null.public ScriptEngine getEngineByExtension(String extension)
ScriptEngine
for a given extension. The algorithm
used by getEngineByName
is used except that the search starts
by looking for a ScriptEngineFactory
registered to handle the
given extension using registerEngineExtension
.extension
- The given extensionnull
if not found.NullPointerException
- if extension is null.public ScriptEngine getEngineByMimeType(String mimeType)
ScriptEngine
for a given mime type. The algorithm
used by getEngineByName
is used except that the search starts
by looking for a ScriptEngineFactory
registered to handle the
given mime type using registerEngineMimeType
.mimeType
- The given mime typenull
if not found.NullPointerException
- if mimeType is null.public List<ScriptEngineFactory> getEngineFactories()
ScriptEngineFactory
classes
found by the discovery mechanism.ScriptEngineFactory
s.public void registerEngineName(String name, ScriptEngineFactory factory)
ScriptEngineFactory
to handle a language
name. Overrides any such association found using the Discovery mechanism.name
- The name to be associated with the ScriptEngineFactory
.factory
- The class to associate with the given name.NullPointerException
- if any of the parameters is null.public void registerEngineMimeType(String type, ScriptEngineFactory factory)
ScriptEngineFactory
to handle a mime type.
Overrides any such association found using the Discovery mechanism.type
- The mime type to be associated with the
ScriptEngineFactory
.factory
- The class to associate with the given mime type.NullPointerException
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ScriptEngineFactory
to handle an extension.
Overrides any such association found using the Discovery mechanism.extension
- The extension type to be associated with the
ScriptEngineFactory
.factory
- The class to associate with the given extension.NullPointerException
- if any of the parameters is null. Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


Half-Life: Alyx trailer drops – it’s coming out in March 2020
by Stefan LHalf-Life: Alyx has just been revealed in a sensational new trailer, with the first Half-Life game in well over a decade (and Valve’s first flagship VR exclusive) set to release in March 2020 for Valve Index, HTC Vive, Oculus Rift and Windows Mixed Reality.
The game is set somewhere between Half-Life and Half-Life 2, so it’s not a continuation from the cliffhanger ending to Half-Life 2: Episode 2. It features Alyx Vance and her father Eli as they kickstart the resistance to the Combine’s occupation of Earth.
You play as Alyx through the narrative action adventure, with some stunning looking world interactions, puzzle solving, exploration and some realistic combat, where you can lean around combat, rummage through shelves for ammo, and more.
Built in the Source 2 engine, the graphics look incredible for a VR game – no doubt helped by being able to throw the resources of a gaming PC at it – and Valve look to be making full use of the Knuckles controllers of the Valve Index, with finger tracking on show at multiple points in the trailer. However, the game is compatible with all PC VR systems, resorting back to grip and trigger buttons on Vive, Rift and WMR. You can play room scale, sitting or standing, you have teleport, shift and full analogue motion, and so on.
It will be free to anyone who has a Valve Index, regardless of when you buy one, but if you do so before the end of 2019 you a few additional bonuses:
- Explore environments from Half-Life: Alyx in your SteamVR Home space
- Alternate gun skins to embellish Alyx’s arsenal
- Special Half-Life: Alyx-themed content for Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
It looks truly impressive, and I can’t wait to see more.
Source: Half-Life


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--- name: panel url: /panel ---
You can create Panels with this basic HTML
This is example panel text, totes neat man.
Left panel
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Request for an access token
---------------------------
Endpoint:
https://auth.iudx.org.in/auth/v1/token
Description:
This API is used to request an access token from the Auth server.
The "token" can then be used to get data from a resource server.
Called by:
A "data consumer" with a valid class-2 or above certificate.
Methods:
POST
Headers:
content-type : "application/json"
Please note that "text/plain" can also be used to avoid CORS issues.
Body in JSON format:
There are two ways of giving inputs to this API:
1. simple:
{
"request" : <resource id(s) for which access is requested>
"token-time" : <the time in seconds, till which the token should be valid>
}
2. complex:
{
"request" : {
"id" : <a resource id for which access is requested>
"apis" : <an array of APIs for which access is requested>
"methods" : <an array of methods a consumer wishes to call on the APIs>
"body" : <a dictionary of body variables to be called with the API>
},
"token-time" : <the time in seconds, till which the token should be valid>
}
Note:
The "request" field could also be an "array" of strings/objects.
The "request" fields are:
1. id:
The "id" is the identifer of the resource (a data-set) the consumer is interested in accessing.
Data consumers are not expected to create these "ids" themselves;
but are expected to get these "id"s from a catalogue server.
An example catalog server is: https://varanasi.iudx.org.in
And an example query to get ids is:
https://varanasi.iudx.org.in/catalogue/v1/search?item-type=resourceItem
The resource "id" consists of at least 4 parts seperated by a '/' indicating:
1. The email domain of the data provider.
2. SHA-1 hash of the data provider's email-id (to mask the provider's email).
3. The hostname (FQDN) of the resource server where the resource is hosted.
4. The name of the resource (which may contain additional '/'s).
For example:
"example.com/9cf2c2382cf661fc20a4776345a3be7a143a109c/rs.com/resource-name"
2. apis
The "apis" is the set of APIs a consumer wants to access on a "id".
Instead of "apis", just "api" (a string) could also be used.
For example: ["/latest", "/query"]
As the field is optional, the default value of "apis" is: ["/*"]
3. methods
The "methods" is the set of methods a consumer wants to access on an 'api'.
Instead of "methods", just "method" (a string) could also be used.
For example: ["GET", "POST"]
As the field is optional, the default value of "methods" is: ["*"]
4. body
The body indicates the JSON body to be passed with the "apis".
For example: {"operation" : "select", "on" : "all"}
As the field is optional, the default value of "body" is: null
HTTP response code:
200
If access is allowed.
403
If access is denied.
429
If the client makes too many requests.
Using pyIUDX SDK:
from pyIUDX.auth import auth
iudx_auth = auth.Auth("certificate.pem","private-key.pem")
request = [
"example.com/9cf2c2382cf661fc20a4776345a3be7a143a109c/rs.com/r1",
"example.com/5332dabcd033fffca0a3332abcdefe7a143a109c/rs.com/r2"
]
iudx_auth.get_token(request)
CURL examples:
1. Requesting token for data from a single resource server
Request:
curl -XPOST https://auth.iudx.org.in/auth/v1/token
--cert certificate.pem --key private-key.pem
-H 'content-type: application/json'
-d '{
"request" : [
"example.com/9cf2c2382cf661fc20a4776345a3be7a143a109c/rs.com/r1",
"example.com/5332dabcd033fffca0a3332abcdefe7a143a109c/rs.com/r2"
]
}'
Response:
200 OK
content-type : "application/json"
{
"token"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"token-type" : "IUDX",
"expires-in" : 3600,
"server-token" : {
"rs.com" : true
}
}
Response fields:
1. token
Is the access token required to access data from a resource server
("rs.com" in this case), and is in the format: 'auth-server/consumer/random-bytes'
A valid IUDX token consist of 3 fields (delimited by '/'):
1. Who has issued the token (The Auth server)
2. To whom the token has been issued (The consumer)
3. Random string
In the above example:
token =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>2. expires-in
Indicates how long the token is valid in seconds.
3. server-token
This is the token for the resource server, it can be ignored
if request only contains "id"s from a single resource-server.
In the above example, there is only 1 resource-server : "rs.com".
2. Requesting token for data from multiple resource servers
Request:
curl -XPOST https://auth.iudx.org.in/auth/v1/token
--cert certificate.pem --key private-key.pem
-H 'content-type: application/json'
-d '{
"request" : [
"example.com/9cf2c2382cf661fc20a4776345a3be7a143a109c/rs1.com/r1"
"example.com/9cf2c2382cf661fc20a4776345a3be7a143a109c/rs2.com/r2"
]
}'
Response:
200 OK
content-type : "application/json"
{
"token"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>"token-type" : "IUDX",
"expires-in" : 3600,
"server-token" : {
"rs1.com" : "rs1.com/91834abcd323924339ab",
"rs2.com" : "rs2.com/52338cdfff3222699900"
}
}
Other response fields:
3. server-token
The "server-token" field is meaningful if the request body
contains id's from multiple resource servers
In this example:
"rs1.com" and "rs2.com"
In the above example, when requesting data from a resource server,
the consumer must also provide the "server-token" of the respective resource server,
along with the consumer's "token".
In the above example:
token =<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and the "server-token" when a consumer requests data from:
"rs1.com" is "rs1.com/91834abcd323924339ab",
and
"rs2.com" is "rs2.com/52338cdfff3222699900"
The "server-token" ensures that only a genuine resource server can access its token.
See also:
token introspect API:
http://auth.iudx.org.in/token-introspect.html
token revoke API:
http://auth.iudx.org.in/token-revoke.html
token revoke all API:
http://auth.iudx.org.in/token-revoke-all.html


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Latest Findings on Unconditional Cash Transfers: GiveDirectly
A policy brief on the NGO GiveDirectly was just released today. GiveDirectly is an NGO founded by two MIT Economics PhD students to provide unconditional cash transfers (UCTs) to poor households in Kenya, in which they give large lump sums of money (up to two years worth of income) with no strings attached. Unconditional cash transfers have become one of the most exciting opportunities and areas of research in development economics over the past few years. GiveDirectly, one of the foremost UCT programs in the field, has received some press in the past year, and this marks the first thorough study of GiveDirectly. I think the promising results of the study hold exciting potential for a new paradigm of charity-giving for the poor.
In brief, this report demonstrates that UCTs have large potential to improve the lives of the impoverished, especially those who primarily struggle from a lack of income. In a RCT conducted in poor villages in Western Kenya, the study randomized UCTs along three dimensions: whether it is paid to the husband or wife of the household, the payment schedule, and the total amount paid. Haushofer and Shapiro, the authors of the study, are able to show that their UCTs allow households to build assets (particularly in household repairs and accumulation of livestock), increase consumption, reduce hunger, increase business profits, and improve overall happiness and well-being. The money was not spent on alcohol or tobacco — one of the historical concerns with giving poor people money directly, as opposed to in-kind services. Notably, the study was not able to demonstrate any change in education or health during the time period of the study. Of course, there are some minor concerns with the study, as with nearly any study, but it seems like experts are generally happy with the methodology and results.
For an overview of the current literature and state of the field on UCTs, take a look at this excellent article by the Economist, which does a good job of reviewing much of the academic literature at this point and giving a sense of the continuing debate between conditional cash transfers (CCTs) and UCTs. Conditional cash transfers have shown to be effective, and have become a favored tool by policymakers around the world to support impoverished households while encouraging good behavior, such as sending children to school. Progresa and Oportunidades, CCT programs started by the government of Mexico in the late 90s, were some of the earliest large-scale CCT programs, and their successes have engendered more programs like it around the world. For a detailed analysis of the impact of Progresa in Mexico, take a look at this report. Note however that it is a policy report, not a peer-reviewed journal article, and so it may be somewhat less objective. For a more rigorous comparison between CCTs and UCTs, take a look at “Cash or Condition? Evidence From a Cash Transfer Experiment” by Baird et al., a 2011 paper published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics (might be paywalled).
I was impressed by the use of technology in GiveDirectly’s operation, from the use of satelite imaging and Amazon Mechanical Turk to identify poor villages by the material of roofs (thatched vs. iron) to the use of M-Pesa for the cash transfers themselves. I have long seen M-Pesa as a very exciting opportunity for social interventions to provide monetary gifts or incentives in a low-cost and scalable manner.
In the same way that the positive results of Progresa and Oportunidades at the turn of the millenium helped to kick off a wave of CCT programs, I believe that the strength of this study could similarly result in new UCT interventions in poor regions of the world. UCT programs appear to be effective in improving social outcomes, seem to be cheaper to run (GiveDirectly reported that 92.1% of their donations were transferred to recipients), and most of all, respect the autonomy and agency of the poor to make their own decisions about their lives. I am eager to hear more about how the research in this area continues to progress.
Update: David McKenzie on the World Bank Impact Evaluations blog has also posted his thoughts on the report.


module Ogre:sig
..end
OGRE is a self-describing data storage. It is open for extensibility, i.e., adding new types of knowledge doesn't break the storage. It also has a well-specified open representation, so that any tool written in any language (or even a human itself) can create, modify and understand the contents (like XML). Ogre provides data persitance and, more importantly, a type safe way of querying and updating the data. The query language is rich enough, and supports joins and boolean constraints
It can be seen as a document NoSQL database engine. As a backing storage Ogre uses S-Expressions, and the structure of a document is close to JSON. In fact it is a restricted subset of JSON, where only scalar values are allowed.
A database, called a "document" (or just "doc") in Ogre parlance, is a set of facts. Each fact is described with a proposition having the following syntax,
(<attribute-name> <v1> <v2> ... <vM> )
where <attribute-name>
is a name of a proposition and <vN>
is
the value of N
'th object (or subject) of a proposition. For
example,
(student (name Joe) (gpa 3.5))
is a proposition that a student named Joe
has a GPA rate
3.5
. Thus a proposition is a tuple with named fields. All
propositions must be well-typed, so the predicate student
should
be declared before used. The field values maybe stored (and are by
default) without the names in the order in which they are
specified in the declaration, e.g., the following definition is
equivalent to the previous one:
(student Joe 3.5)
Given, that the predicate is declared as:
(declare student (name str) (gpa float))
where the declaration has the following syntax:
declaration ::= ( declare <attribute-name> <field> <field> ... ) field ::= ( <field-name> <field-type> ) field-type ::= int | str | bool | float
Each declaration declare an attribute, that defines a type of the
propositions. Unlike the SQL, we denote each tuple type with the
word attribute, as under our model each document describes some
knowledge (an attribute) about some abstract entity. For example,
a document "college.ogre" that contains definitions of attributes
named student
, teacher
, class
, assignments
is a set of
knowledge about a college. Thus an attribute maps to a SQL notion
of table (or a relvar). Correspondingly, a column of a table (that
is usually referred as an attribute in the relational model), maps
to Ogre's field.
type
doc
type ('a, ('b -> 'c))
typeinfo
type('a, ('b -> 'c))
attribute =unit -> ('a, 'b -> 'c) typeinfo
Used to construct attribute values, and to query
documents. Created with declare
function.
Note, that due to a value restriction, an attribute should be
defined as a function returning a type information.
type 'a
field
t field
a descriptor of an attribute field.
Used to construct attributes, and to construct variables that reference particular fields of an attribute.
the type variable t
range is float
, int64
, string
or
bool
.
type 'a
query
attrs query
constructs a query type.
Created using the Query
module. The attrs
type variable
encodes the types of requested attributes. For example,
((student -> teacher -> 'a) -> 'a) query
represents a query for two attributes of type student
and
teacher
correspondingly. It is represented as a continuation,
denoting the fact, that the query can be executed later for an
arbitrary result.
type'a
seq ='a Std.Sequence.t
type (('a -> 'b), ('c -> 'd))
scheme
The two type variables describe the constructor and destructor
interface. The 'a
variable, the accessor, describes how an
attribute can be constructed. The 's
variable, describes how an
attribute can be packed in the database. These two types come
along and differ only in a return type. The general form of a type
variable is ('a -> 'r) -> 'r
, where 'r
is the return type (a type of
attribute for instance), and 'a
variable is extended every time a
new field is added to a scheme.
val declare : name:string ->
('f -> 'a, 'b -> 'c) scheme -> 'f -> ('a, 'b -> 'c) typeinfo
let attr () = declare ~name scheme
declares an attribute named
with name
, and having a type described by the scheme
.
Due to a value restriction, each attribute should be defined as
a thunk (a function).
module Type:sig
..end
module Query:sig
..end
module Doc:sig
..end
module type S =sig
..end
module Make(
M
:
Std.Monad.S
)
:S
with type 'a m := 'a M.t
Make(M)
returns an Ogre monad implementation wrapped in a monad M
.
include Ogre.S


Development process
Code Versioning and Working Practice
- The code of the MIP is versioned into Github.
- Each project should contain at least a master branch and a stable branch.
- The stable branch should contain only strongly tested code that can be used in a production environment.
- The master branch should contain the latest working features that needs to be strongly tested before being merged to the stable branch.
- Each developer should create new branches (usually from the master branch) to implement new features and/or to fix bugs.
- No one should directly commit changes into the stable or master branch. Once feature/bug-fix branch is working the branch can be merged into the master one.
- For big changes, a merge request should be created and assigned to another developer.
- AUTOMATION: The stable branch should never be updated manually. The CI system should look for changes in the master branch and automatically run some tests on it. If the automatic tests are successfully passed, the CI system will create a merge request from the master branch to the stable branch or automatically do the merge.
Testing (Unit and Integration)
- Each component should include unit tests which should be executed each time will build it.
- Each built component (usually a Docker image) should also be tested with integration tests before being pushed on a repository (usually Docker Hub). These tests are needed by the CI system to decide whether a feature can be considered stable enough for the stable branch.
Docker Images Versioning
As Docker is a key technology in our platform, each Docker component we build should be versioned using a "Git commit hash" and pushed on Docker Hub (at https://hub.docker.com/u/hbpmip/) or on our private Docker Registry server. In this way, we will always be able to retrieve the precise code (on GitLab) that was used to build an Docker image.
We also will be able to rollback or commit a new version of a component in a very easy way.
Binaries Versioning
As a few components like libraries should be built for "non-docker" use. These will be versioned and pushed on Artifactory.


Run cdk diff
- command that compares currently-provisioned AWS infrastructure (of the CI/CD pipeline in this case) and created earlier by the infra-as-code “stack”, with the infrastructure modified by the changes to the project codebase. You should see output looking like
Synthesized to "cdk.out".
Stack Unicorn-Store-CI-CD-PipelineStack
The Unicorn-Store-CI-CD-PipelineStack stack uses assets, which are currently not accounted for in the diff output! See https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/issues/395
Resources
[~] AWS::CodeBuild::Project CodeBuildProject CodeBuildProject4B91CF3F
└─ [~] Environment
└─ [~] .EnvironmentVariables:
└─ @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
[ ] {
[ ] "Name": "DbEngine",
[ ] "Type": "PLAINTEXT",
[-] "Value": "Postgres"
[+] "Value": "MySQL"
[ ] },
[ ] {
[ ] "Name": "BuildConfig",
@@ -64,6 +64,6 @@
[ ] {
[ ] "Name": "ImageTag",
[ ] "Type": "PLAINTEXT",
[-] "Value": "Postgres"
[+] "Value": "MySQL"
[ ] }
[ ] ]
[~] AWS::CodeBuild::Project DeploymentEnvCreationProject DeploymentEnvCreationProject70D82E6D
└─ [~] Environment
└─ [~] .EnvironmentVariables:
└─ @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
[ ] {
[ ] "Name": "DbEngine",
[ ] "Type": "PLAINTEXT",
[-] "Value": "Postgres"
[+] "Value": "MySQL"
[ ] },
Please note parts reflecting the RDBMS type change in the output above:
[-] "Value": "Postgres"
[+] "Value": "MySQL"
cdk diff
is a very, very useful command, allowing developers to build-out an infrastructure base line, and then make changes to the infra-as-code project code and run “cdk diff” to see what will be changed in the cloud infrastructure if they run “cdk deploy”. That provides fast and non-destructive way of understanding what changes in the the infra-as-code project will be made by corresponding changes in the CDK project.
Run “cdk deploy --require-approval never
” and it should complete in a minute or two without errors, updating the CI/CD pipeline infrastructure in AWS with MySQL configured as the database engine.
Now we need to trigger the pipeline by committing and pushing code changes to the AWS CodeCommit. For that please run following commands from the root directory of the Solution:
git add .
git commit -m "Added MySQL support"
git push aws
In a few moments you should see the CI/CD pipeline running.
Since hosting environment “stack” will now need to replace PostgreSQL database with MySQL database, it will again take roughly 15 minutes to complete the transition. Please keep monitoring the state of the pipeline, and once it finishes, please verify everything is well by using these steps.
Another important point: switching from Postgres to MySQL does not transfer data from Postgres to MySQL. All data stored in the Postgres database will be lost, and an empty MySQL database will be crated.


| SLABINFO(5) | Linux Programmer's Manual | SLABINFO(5) |
$ sudo cat /proc/slabinfo slabinfo - version: 2.1 # name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> ... sigqueue 100 100 160 25 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 4 4 0 sighand_cache<PHONE_NUMBER> 15 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 27 27 0 kmalloc-8192 96 96 8192 4 8 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 24 24 0 ...
The first line of output includes a version number, which allows an application that is reading the file to handle changes in the file format. (See VERSIONS, below.) The next line lists the names of the columns in the remaining lines.
Each of the remaining lines displays information about a specified cache. Following the cache name, the output shown in each line shows three components for each cache:
The statistics are as follows:
The tunables entries in each line show tunable parameters for the corresponding cache. When using the default SLUB allocator, there are no tunables, the /proc/slabinfo file is not writable, and the value 0 is shown in these fields. When using the older SLAB allocator, the tunables for a particular cache can be set by writing lines of the following form to /proc/slabinfo:
# echo 'name limit batchcount sharedfactor' > /proc/slabinfo
Here, name is the cache name, and limit, batchcount, and sharedfactor are integers defining new values for the corresponding tunables. The limit value should be a positive value, batchcount should be a positive value that is less than or equal to limit, and sharedfactor should be nonnegative. If any of the specified values is invalid, the cache settings are left unchanged.
The tunables entries in each line contain the following fields:
The slabdata entries in each line contain the following fields:
Note that because of object alignment and slab cache overhead, objects are not normally packed tightly into pages. Pages with even one in-use object are considered in-use and cannot be freed.
Kernels configured with CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB will also have additional statistics fields in each line, and the first line of the file will contain the string "(statistics)". The statistics field include : the high water mark of active objects; the number of times objects have been allocated; the number of times the cache has grown (new pages added to this cache); the number of times the cache has been reaped (unused pages removed from this cache); and the number of times there was an error allocating new pages to this cache.
The total amount of memory allocated to the SLAB/SLUB cache is shown in the Slab field of /proc/meminfo.
The kernel source file Documentation/vm/slub.txt and tools/vm/slabinfo.c.
| 2017-09-15 |


WITNESS LIST
Business & Industry Committee
March 22, 2016 - 1:00 PM
Charge 10- Legislative oversight
On:
Brannan, W. Ryan (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Tribout, Kevin (Helios)
Voegele, Chris (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Zurek, Matt (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Registering, but not testifying:
On:
Bristow Schlachter, Deborah (Self)
Charge 7- Designated Doctors
On:
Brannan, W. Ryan (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Bristow Schlachter, Deborah (Self)
Cunningham DC, Jeff (Texas Chiropractic Association)
DeFoyd, D.C., Bill (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
McElrath, Joe (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Norwood, Stephen (Texas Medical Association and Texas Orthopaedic Association)
Charge 8- Lifetime Income & Death benefits
On:
Bristow Schlachter, Deborah (Self)
Carnery, Teresa (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Dewitt, Cathy (Texas Association of Business)
Holt, Todd (SORM)
Lara, Rene (Texas AFL-CIO)
Lee, Amy (Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers' Compensation)
Tripp, J. Red (State Office of Risk Management)
1


|
Friends,
We hope you are as excited about the upcoming holiday as we are. The 4th of July is a great time to get together with family and friends, enjoy some delicious food and beverages, and celebrate the fact that we live in the greatest country on earth. It’s a great time to be alive in America, and it’s a great time to honor those who came before us and keep our country free.
Just wanted to send out a quick email today and wish you all the best for your festivities this holiday weekend. Whether you’re hosting a gathering, going to a neighbor’s, or traveling to see family, we wanted to remind you to stay safe, be patriotic, and enjoy the long weekend. Enjoy the fireworks!
If you have any questions for us in the meantime about real estate, you can always give us a call or send us an email.
Have a Happy 4th!
Allison McMickell
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>402-218-1917
|


Generate a ramp signal, starting at "value" (default 0) and incrementing by step size "step" (default 1) on each firing.
Derived from: SDFStar
Location: SDF main library
Version: 1.1 "10/13/96"
Author: D. G. Messerschmitt
| output | float |
| step | FloatState | Increment from one sample to the next. | "1.0" |
| value | FloatState | Initial (or latest) value output by Ramp. | "0.0" |
Copyright (c) 1990-1995 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. See the file $PTOLEMY/copyright for copyright notice, limitation of liability, and disclaimer of warranty provisions.


The Way Back Is the Only Way Forward
by Matt
It's 2013 and I have a feeling that this will be a watershed year in many important ways. Personally, Tasha and I have vowed that this will be the year that we get off the hamster wheels of our jobs, buy some land in the country and stop contributing to the ongoing slow-motion disaster of modern American life. Slow motion, so we thought, anyway, until the weather events of 2012.
Last year was the hottest year on record, ever. It started with a completely snowless winter, with some of the warmest days in my memory. I remember days in the 80s in March. And it stayed hot, throughout the summer and into the fall, punctuated by freak storms like the completely unpredicted derecho front that slammed into the mid-Atlantic on June 20th and knocked out power for days. Superstorm Sandy was icing on the cake, though Maryland was spared much of the damage inflicted on New Jersey, New York and elsewhere. It doesn’t take a weatherman to tell which way the wind blows.
But weather is just one facet of our predicament, even as it contributes to the global social, geographic, and demographic shifts that are accelerating every day. Last week, the nation went over the so-called “fiscal cliff,” even if hours later a solution was retroactively implemented. Setting aside the fact that this was pure political theater, a made-for-TV stunt from the get-go, a puerile, partisan game of chicken, the American public was at least reminded of the fact that we are bankrupt, and in more senses than the merely fiscal. As far as America’s fiscal determination goes, we are indeed in a bad state. Regardless of whether we can successfully raise taxes against the 1% or whether we cut every social program to the bone, America is still on the road to becoming a much poorer society. This is because there is no real money here to fund anything.
The mechanism that drove the last 300 years of industrial expansion was based on access to cheap fossil fuels—coal, methane, diesel, gasoline, whatever. The crowning achievement of high modernity was the extraction of petroleum and its by-products and their myriad uses for everything from fuel for passenger cars to plastics to “green revolution” fertilizers. Our current consumer-driven economy is based on trading various abstract products and services for consumer goods and foods produced at bottom dollar, often half a world away, and the complex logistical networks essential to their delivery, which are utterly reliant on cheap fuel.
When these products can’t be produced cheaply, let alone shipped anywhere because of the cost of fuel prices, then this system crashes and everyone starves. Peak oil and the realization that global oil production probably peaked around 2005 are gaining traction in the same fashion that climate change did a few years ago--rapidly moving from scientific theory to generally accepted, demonstrable fact. But regardless of whether or not peak-oil-induced scarcity does or does not materialize in the coming few years, we have come to the realization that we can no longer take from the planet in the way that we have become accustomed to, that we have been conditioned to since birth.
Instead, we’d rather live off on our own, outside of the artificial timescales and deadlines of the rat-race. We’d rather be working our own land to provide food for ourselves and others, producing something of concrete, definite worth rather than something of dubious, abstract value. This is not to say that there is no value in the abstract. On the contrary, we’re looking forward to have the time and space to do more writing: but writing that is reflective of our spirits and our minds—not “content” to be consumed and quickly forgotten by a Ritalin culture bent on entertaining itself to death while the world burns. So it seems to me that the way back is the only way forward. Let the journey begin.
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--- layout: post title: "Homework 3-Resume Authoring" date: 2018-10-31 21:15:05 +0000 image: /assets/images/contact3.jpg ---
이름
목표
학적
경력
자격증


⚠ Documentation is version-specific: This page was generated for ScottPlot 4.1.4-beta
Additional documentation and more version-specific cookbooks are on the ScottPlot Website
SignalConst plots pre-processes data to render much faster than Signal plots. Pre-processing takes a little time up-front and requires 4x the memory of Signal.
var plt = new ScottPlot.Plot(600, 400);
double[] values = DataGen.RandomWalk(1_000_000);
plt.AddSignal(values);
plt.Title("One Million Points");
plt.Benchmark();
plt.SaveFig("signalconst_quickstart.png");


[1]
the crater were a bit frustrating at times.
[2]
while it was so close to the crater were a bit frustrating at times.


{{site.user_description}}
Other languages: Yaml, Shell, Typescript, HTML, CSS, .Net
Other technologies: Kubernetes, Nginx, Apache, Selenium
Other tools: OpenStack, MongoDB, MySQL, Zabbix


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > BENEDICTINES: THE SHORTER CATALOGUES > Norwich-Yarmouth > Inventory, ?c. 1425
{% endif %}16 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


%GAME_DESCRIPTION%
Written in C++ & OpenGL and compiled to Flash with Adobe FlasCC & GLS3D.
© %COMPANY_NAME%.


{% extends "default_base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block jumbotron %}
Sure you can watch, it's just a bit creepy.


Marvel character's gender data
Filters:
Brown Hair
Blond Hair
Brown Eyes
Blue Eyes
OVERALL FEMALE
OVERALL MALE
GENDER GAP BY DECADE


This is rviz plugin to edit scenario for Ai Driving Instructure application using Rviz. Written in C++ and Qt.
Requirement
Install/Build
No additional package required
mkdir -p catkin_make/src
cd catkin_make/src
catkin_init_workspace
git clone git@github.com:kuriatsu/scenario_editor_plugin.git
cd ..
catkin_make
How to use
Start
- Start Rviz
- Add panel
- Import File and click
OK
- Add visualization topic
- Click
Scenario
tab
- Focus on the map coodinate (It's better to inport pcl/lanelet map and publish static tf for /map) or you must adjust current view position manually.
- Start Editing
Interface
Layer
: Edit layer (layer=0 means 0-300 waypoints are editing target)
Layer Size
: Editor batch size of waypoint
Add Scenario
Add new scenario
Remove Scenario
: Remove selected scenario
Scenario
/ Start
/ End
: Selected scenario info
- List view :
- Left : Not added errors in selected scenario
- Right : Added errors
Speed Limit
: Speed Limit value of selected scenario
- Error Info : Description of selected error
Highlight
: Highlight selected error in 3D view
Edit existing scenario
- add/remove error id
- Double click error item in left box to add
- Double click error item in right box to remove
- move checkpoint position
- Move circle around point in 3Dview (Realigned on the current waypoints when released)
- If the direction is wrong, start and end id turn to Red. Swap start and end point.
Add new scenario
- Click
Add Scenario
button. (All waypoints appear)
- Select Start point from 3D view
- Select End point from 3D view
Remove scenario
- Select scenario
- Click
Remove Scenario
Contribution
Recommended Tool
- Fork
- Clone
- Create Pull Request
Change Log
- 2021/9/19 : First Release
Todo
- Add doxygen
- Handle Japanese character


 That child has a means for acquiring knowledge, and does exactly that He acquires the knowledge he needs. Acquiring knowledge is all about learning and since Scient is an agent that needs to Know; just like the way You and I know maths; she needs to be one thing:
Learning means keeping all your knowledge somewhere (for the child, it has to be his brain). That means Scient
should have a repository of knowledge somewhere, think of this repository like her brain
After learning data (acquiring knowledge on a particular piece of information); Scient should be able to process, analyze and come up with
What happens after that child completely understands calculus? he should be able to provide any information that's related to calculus. Scient has only one end goal,
Hey Scient, I told you to go through wikipedia and learn about the Single Responsibility Principle so can you tell me what the SR principle has in common with Inversion of Control and Dependency Injection Containers?
.
.
interesting,


 Scratch a dog and you'll find a permanent job. Scratch a dog and you'll find a permanent job. Scratch a dog and you'll find a permanent job.
Franklin P. Jones


| Top |
A GtkFileFilter can be used to restrict the files being shown in a
GtkFileChooser. Files can be filtered based on their name (with
gtk_file_filter_add_pattern()
), on their mime type (with
gtk_file_filter_add_mime_type()
), or by a custom filter function
(with gtk_file_filter_add_custom()
).
Filtering by mime types handles aliasing and subclassing of mime types; e.g. a filter for text/plain also matches a file with mime type application/rtf, since application/rtf is a subclass of text/plain. Note that GtkFileFilter allows wildcards for the subtype of a mime type, so you can e.g. filter for image/*.
Normally, filters are used by adding them to a GtkFileChooser,
see gtk_file_chooser_add_filter()
, but it is also possible
to manually use a filter on a file with gtk_file_filter_filter()
.
The GtkFileFilter implementation of the GtkBuildable interface
supports adding rules using the <mime-types>, <patterns> and
<applications> elements and listing the rules within. Specifying
a <mime-type> or <pattern> has the same effect as as calling
gtk_file_filter_add_mime_type()
or gtk_file_filter_add_pattern()
.
An example of a UI definition fragment specifying GtkFileFilter rules:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
<object class="GtkFileFilter"> <mime-types> <mime-type>text/plain</mime-type> <mime-type>image/ *</mime-type> </mime-types> <patterns> <pattern>*.txt</pattern> <pattern>*.png</pattern> </patterns> </object> |
gboolean (*GtkFileFilterFunc) (const GtkFileFilterInfo *filter_info
,gpointer data
);
The type of function that is used with custom filters, see
gtk_file_filter_add_custom()
.
filter_info |
a GtkFileFilterInfo that is filled according
to the |
|
data |
user data passed to |
[closure] |
GtkFileFilter *
gtk_file_filter_new (void
);
Creates a new GtkFileFilter with no rules added to it.
Such a filter doesn’t accept any files, so is not
particularly useful until you add rules with
gtk_file_filter_add_mime_type()
, gtk_file_filter_add_pattern()
,
or gtk_file_filter_add_custom()
. To create a filter
that accepts any file, use:
1 2 |
GtkFileFilter *filter = gtk_file_filter_new (); gtk_file_filter_add_pattern (filter, "*"); |
Since: 2.4
void gtk_file_filter_set_name (GtkFileFilter *filter
,const gchar *name
);
Sets the human-readable name of the filter; this is the string that will be displayed in the file selector user interface if there is a selectable list of filters.
filter |
||
name |
the human-readable-name for the filter, or |
[allow-none] |
Since: 2.4
const gchar *
gtk_file_filter_get_name (GtkFileFilter *filter
);
Gets the human-readable name for the filter. See gtk_file_filter_set_name()
.
The human-readable name of the filter,
or NULL
. This value is owned by GTK+ and must not
be modified or freed.
[nullable]
Since: 2.4
void gtk_file_filter_add_mime_type (GtkFileFilter *filter
,const gchar *mime_type
);
Adds a rule allowing a given mime type to filter
.
Since: 2.4
void gtk_file_filter_add_pattern (GtkFileFilter *filter
,const gchar *pattern
);
Adds a rule allowing a shell style glob to a filter.
Since: 2.4
void
gtk_file_filter_add_pixbuf_formats (GtkFileFilter *filter
);
Adds a rule allowing image files in the formats supported by GdkPixbuf.
Since: 2.6
void gtk_file_filter_add_custom (GtkFileFilter *filter
,GtkFileFilterFlags needed
,GtkFileFilterFunc func
,gpointer data
,GDestroyNotify notify
);
Adds rule to a filter that allows files based on a custom callback
function. The bitfield needed
which is passed in provides information
about what sorts of information that the filter function needs;
this allows GTK+ to avoid retrieving expensive information when
it isn’t needed by the filter.
filter |
||
needed |
bitfield of flags indicating the information that the custom filter function needs. |
|
func |
callback function; if the function returns |
|
data |
data to pass to |
|
notify |
function to call to free |
Since: 2.4
GtkFileFilterFlags
gtk_file_filter_get_needed (GtkFileFilter *filter
);
Gets the fields that need to be filled in for the GtkFileFilterInfo
passed to gtk_file_filter_filter()
This function will not typically be used by applications; it is intended principally for use in the implementation of GtkFileChooser.
Since: 2.4
gboolean gtk_file_filter_filter (GtkFileFilter *filter
,const GtkFileFilterInfo *filter_info
);
Tests whether a file should be displayed according to filter
.
The GtkFileFilterInfo filter_info
should include
the fields returned from gtk_file_filter_get_needed()
.
This function will not typically be used by applications; it is intended principally for use in the implementation of GtkFileChooser.
Since: 2.4
GtkFileFilter *
gtk_file_filter_new_from_gvariant (GVariant *variant
);
Deserialize a file filter from an a{sv} variant in
the format produced by gtk_file_filter_to_gvariant()
.
Since: 3.22
GVariant *
gtk_file_filter_to_gvariant (GtkFileFilter *filter
);
Serialize a file filter to an a{sv} variant.
Since: 3.22
struct GtkFileFilterInfo { GtkFileFilterFlags contains; const gchar *filename; const gchar *uri; const gchar *display_name; const gchar *mime_type; };
A GtkFileFilterInfo is used to pass information about the
tested file to gtk_file_filter_filter()
.
GtkFileFilterFlags |
Flags indicating which of the following fields need are filled |
|
const gchar * |
the filename of the file being tested |
|
const gchar * |
the URI for the file being tested |
|
const gchar * |
the string that will be used to display the file in the file chooser |
|
const gchar * |
the mime type of the file |
These flags indicate what parts of a GtkFileFilterInfo struct are filled or need to be filled.


1960
per 100,000 people. Use the slider to move through time.
Raw data downloaded from
Department of Justice
.


Share your favorite music and videos with your friends. With MusiFavs you can embed content from YouTube, SoundCloud, and more, in a single place!


HOME
ABOUT
PORTFOLIO
CONTACT
HOME
ABOUT
PORTFOLIO
CONTACT
About
Hi! I'm Heidi, a web design & developer!
I'm from South Korea. And I'm stydung in New Zealand.
I worked as a programmer for a telecom company in Korea for 2 years.
I like make a website design and development.
Portfolio
Contact
Name
Email
Message
Send
Get in touch
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>290 Queen street, Auckland
021 297 2226
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Jaytronics
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Hyukoh fan page Web design
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The Evolution of SimpleHG/SimpleGalaxy
-
Closed Beta Release
1 April 2016
-
Open Beta Release
22 April 2016
We're pleased to announce that we've opened now - have fun! Please remember we're still in the beta stage! Address: https://t.co/o3kdriGs2N
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 22 April 2016 - 300 Concurrent Players 23 April 2016
-
666 Followers on Twitter
6 May 2016
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 6 May 2016
- 11.000 Unique Players 6 May 2016
-
777 Followers on Twitter
15 May 2016
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 15 May 2016
-
Short-Term Event
10 June 2016
There are so many players at the feast! pic.twitter.com/3YoSPZMxzs
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 10 June 2016 -
25.000 Unique Players
14 June 2016
?? Thank you for more than 25.000 unique players! ??
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 14 June 2016
It's amazing to see how the server becomes more popular by time. ???? - Kit Update 18 June 2016
- 1.7 Client Support 20 June 2016
- Kit Update 21 June 2016
- 300 Concurrent Players 25 June 2016
-
300 Concurrent Players
28 July 2016
Featuring @MinecraftExpertDE and @byStegi
Wow, 300+ players! Thank you for your support! :) pic.twitter.com/KtIMvWOoAA
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 28 July 2016 - Major Summer Update 3 August 2016
- Announcement of the 1st Quarter Quell 4 August 2016
-
Start of the 1st Quarter Quell Qualification
5 August 2016
The Quarter Quell Qualification has started. Good luck! Information, rules and leaderboards can be found at https://t.co/2vyyLaVob3.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 5 August 2016 -
End of the 1st Quarter Quell Qualification
12 August 2016
The Quarter Quell Qualification ends in about 45 minutes (5 pm GMT+2). Make sure you are qualified to take part! https://t.co/UmgmpqME3t
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 12 August 2016 -
1st Quarter Quell Final
12 August 2016
Fun during the Preparation for the 1st Quarter Quell Final
Ooops... I guess something went wrong when preparing the server for the Quarter Quell.. :D pic.twitter.com/hYZrMalFDR
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 12 August 2016Have fun and good luck to all QQ participants! https://t.co/eBc7P7ShTu will be up in a few minutes. German Stream: https://t.co/5ITKE9CZnk
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 12 August 2016 -
50.000 Unique Players
12 August 2016
WOW! Thank you for 50.000 unique players on SimpleHG! ?
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 11 August 2016 -
Stable Release
22 August 2016
?? END OF BETA - Thank you for the support ??
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 22 August 2016
More information about ranks, kits and the end of beta: https://t.co/ArQH2j0jGH -
TeamSpeak 3 Server Release
22 August 2016
We have officially released our TeamSpeak³ server together with @KitPvP_DE.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 22 August 2016
JOIN NOW: https://t.co/DAkyqKdwBf -
Involvement of the Community via Forum
31 August 2016
Are you already registered on our forum (https://t.co/NVbRTxSqcf)? - You can easily register in-game using the /register command!
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 31 August 2016 - Autumn Kit Update 2 October 2016
- 2.000 Followers on Twitter 8 October 2016
-
YouTuber Event
22 October 2016
Everyone who signed up for the YouTuber-Event two hours ago or earlier should have received a mail. More info here: https://t.co/AH0kVfTk7r
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 21 October 2016The event server is now open. All participants can join via https://t.co/eBc7P7ShTu.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 22 October 2016
- https://t.co/AH0kVfTk7r -
Halloween Update
29 October 2016
?? HALLOWEEN SALE: 15% off of all ranks - https://t.co/xf3GuPdkjf! We have also fixed some issues with this update.https://t.co/9nD1XwVrpl
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 29 October 2016 - Short-Term Event 12 November 2016
-
SimpleHG Support for the The 5zig Mod
18 November 2016
Did you already know that The 5zig Mod (@the5zig) has built-in SimpleHG support? Download the latest version here: https://t.co/0fcW1r2d4Y
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 18 November 2016 -
Xmas Sale
6 December 2016
XMAS SALE:
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 6 December 2016
20% DISCOUNT on ALL PREMIUM MEMBERSHIPS / RANKS in our store! - https://t.co/xf3GuPdkjf pic.twitter.com/tM4xtjRNLz - SimpleHG → SimpleGalaxy 26 December 2016
-
650 Concurrent Players
30 December 2016
Featuring @BastiGHG
Thanks to @kompetenzGHG for bringing 650 players at once to SimpleGalaxy! Our servers couldn't handle all that players, but we will fix that
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 30 December 2016 -
New Year Sale
1 January 2017
We wish you a HAPPY NEW YEAR ??
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 31 December 2016
To celebrate the new year, here is a limited coupon code for 20% discount on all ranks in our store: SOUP2017 -
820 Concurrent Players
1 January 2017
Featuring @BastiGHG
Thank you for over 800 players on SimpleGalaxy! Join the stream of @kompetenzGHG at https://t.co/LBNsWCOvXW. pic.twitter.com/HftC8Vwkeu
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 1 January 2017 -
Announcement of Raid (never released)
5 January 2017
What could this mean for SimpleGalaxy? MCPVP Veterans should know it! pic.twitter.com/IYLNcJihYY
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 5 January 2017 -
New Hub Map
6 January 2017
Special thanks to @bySpezi, @Kingofwarcraft_, @kompetenzAsiate and @ahlucaa for building our new hub! pic.twitter.com/Mybhs2lLt7
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 6 January 2017 -
Biome Update
14 January 2017
Have you already seen our HG biome update? We have added new biomes, remade the old ones and added new structures to make HG more exciting!
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 14 January 2017 -
600 Concurrent Players
20 January 2017
Come and join 600 other players currently playing SimpleHG! pic.twitter.com/XRlzIU88dM
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 20 January 2017 -
Winter Kit Update
29 January 2017
The Winter Kit Update has been released! It includes, among other things, Viking changes and 2 new kits.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 29 January 2017
Read more: https://t.co/OvNZBOyqQE -
Short-Term Event
17 February 2017
We will host an Hardcore Games event on https://t.co/4hcAZjtjMf in about 35 minutes (10 PM CET). Everyone will be able to join (150 slots).
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 17 February 2017 -
Announcement of Customized Events
18 February 2017
Do not worry, there will be more Hardcore Games events with different settings and rules. This is just the beginning.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 18 February 2017 -
Announcement of an Event
2 March 2017
Featuring @PatrickGHG
We will host an HG event tomorrow (Friday) at 7.15 pm CET on https://t.co/4hcAZjKVaP — 150 slots, 1-2 games.https://t.co/VrLZHw2RdM
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 2 March 2017 -
Spring Kit Update
5 March 2017
The HG Spring Kit Update has been released! Check out the new Vampire kit, kit changes and bugfixes. Read more: https://t.co/oo630elPHx
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 5 March 2017 -
Promotion of SimpleHG Top 5 Series
11 March 2017
Featuring @SchweiniPlaysMC
Do you already know the SimpleHG Top 5 video series by @Schweiney_? Submit now your best HG clips!
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 11 March 2017
Read more: https://t.co/B2PUr8iqgR -
Short-Term Event
11 March 2017
We will host an HG event today at 8 pm CET on https://t.co/4hcAZjKVaP — 175 slots, maximum team size is 3 players.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 11 March 2017 -
Short-Term Event
25 March 2017
We will host an HG event today at 8.15 pm CET on https://t.co/4hcAZjKVaP
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 25 March 2017
— 200 slots, maximum team size is 2 players. -
Easter Sale
16 April 2017
Happy Easter! ??
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 16 April 2017
Our Easter Sale is now live! 20% off all premium memberships in our store!https://t.co/PPTXqi2QRe pic.twitter.com/MDF1tqVyIL -
Remembrance of MCPVP
17 May 2017
Today we want to remember MCPVP: It has been offline for exactly two years now.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 17 May 2017
HG and the soup pvp community arose on the servers of MCPVP. -
620 Concurrent Players
21 May 2017
The player count has significantly increased during the past few weeks.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 21 May 2017
We want to thank you for supporting HG and the Soup PvP community! pic.twitter.com/aDyCYGR4S7 -
Announcement of the BastiGHG Cup
10 July 2017
750 € Price Pool
- Start of the BastiGHG Cup Qualification 21 July 2017
- End of the BastiGHG Cup Qualification 26 July 2017
-
Round 1 of the BastiGHG Cup Final
28 July 2017
-
Round 2 of the BastiGHG Cup Final
29 July 2017
-
Round 3 of the BastiGHG Cup Final
30 July 2017
-
Merry Christmas from Content Creators
31 December 2017
Featuring @SchweiniPlaysMC and @BastiGHG
?? Frohe Weihnachten! ?? https://t.co/UQ5cSVZef5
— Niklas | Schweiney (@Schweiney_) 24 December 2017 -
Resignation of Core Staff Members
10 February 2018
@Krymonota (Founder, Co-Owner, Lead Developer), @Theschweini5399 (Administrator), @MrGamerZockerLP (Administrator, Developer), @Floyal (Moderator), @Paulot (KitPvP.de Moderator)
Our Resignation.https://t.co/TffwNMsChA
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 9 February 2018 -
2nd Quarter Quell Final
8 April 2018
-
Repetition of the 2nd Quarter Quell Final
15 April 2018
-
Kit Rotation Update
27 May 2018
-
Short-Term Event
16 June 2018
Custom HG Event:
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 16 June 2018
- Today, 16th of June, 8 PM (CEST)
- https://t.co/4hcAZjKVaP
- Kits enabled: Only Surprise
- Feast at 35mins
- Pit at 60mins (75mins game-end) -
Major Database Attack
24 June 2018
?? IMPORTANT INFORMATION ??
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 24.June 2018
Hackers have compromised our database and deleted all data (including player stats, ranks, etc.).
There are no database backups.
It cannot be ruled out that they have also stolen sensitive data such as e-mail addresses and encrypted passwords.It is not known who the attackers are. It can be assumed that a bot that automatically scans servers for unprotected databases (ransomware) has found and compromised our database.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 24 June 2018
The problem is that no firewall has been set up and database authentication was/is still disabled.This message (attached screenshot) was left by the ransomware.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 24 June 2018
Unfortunately, this is not uncommon - it is indeed a criminal system.
This is most likely a scam because paying the ransom usually does not result in receiving the backup, as none is created at all. pic.twitter.com/wqBUxwKMXYIn case someone uses the password of his SimpleGalaxy account for other services too, it is strongly advised to change it there.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 24 June 2018 -
Final Shutdown
25 June 2018
We need to break new ground.
— SimpleGalaxy Network (@SimpleGalaxyNET) 25 June 2018
Currently, I cannot recommend any other HG servers, but I am quite certain that there will be replacements in the near future.
Upcoming changes to the Minecraft combat system in a few months might revive the community and cause new servers to rise.


Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Syntax
int(number)
Number is any valid numeric expression you want to round down to an integer.
Remarks
Both int and fix remove the fractional part of number and return the resulting integer value.
The difference between int and fix is that if number is negative, int returns the first negative integer less than or equal to number, whereas fix returns the first negative integer greater than or equal to number. For example, int converts -8.4 to -9, and fix converts -8.4 to -8.
Example
| Expression | Description (Result) |
|---|---|
| int(8.4) | Rounds 8.4 down (8) |
| int(-8.4) | Rounds -8.4 down (-9) |


Android users need to press play
Your browser is not compatible with the plaver. Mozilla Firefox for Android is.


Buick's Coolest Model Receives Huge Discount This Month
But the clock is ticking.
by Jay TraugottBuick had done an excellent job of turning itself into an upmarket premium brand just short of all-out luxury. The latter duty is handled by GM's Cadillac division. Meanwhile, Buick has proven to be a formidable competitor against the likes of Acura and Lincoln, mainly in the crossover segments. But there's still yet another current Buick model that goes too unnoticed way too often. The 2020 Buick Regal TourX wagon is one of the Subaru Outback's main competitors thanks to its standard all-wheel drive, sufficient power, and cool styling.
Like the Outback, the Regal TourX is the less expensive alternative to the Audi A4 allroad, which carries a base MSRP of $45,700. The Regal TourX? Just under $30,000. And now Buick is offering up to a 20 percent discount on most 2020 Regal TourX wagons this month, but considering we're already heading into Thanksgiving this week, time is limited to take advantage of this offer.
If you're a non-GM owner or current competitive owner, then you're eligible for up to 20 percent off MSRP, which equates to nearly $8,000 in savings for "most" Regal TourX models. The offer does not state exactly what "most" means in this case, but Buick does provide the following example: a Regal TourX Essence model with an MSRP of $39,675 receives a $1,364 price reduction below MSRPR along with a $6,571 purchase allowance, adding up to $7,935 in savings for a new total of $31,740.
The Regal TourX Essence also happens to be the highest trim level. There's also the base TourX 1SV and mid-level Preferred, with MSRPs of $29,995 and $33,595, respectively. The second Regal TourX offer this month is $1,000 cash plus 0 percent APR for 72 months. Both offers, however, must be with GM Financial.
Along with standard AWD, all Regal TourX wagons come powered by a turbocharged 2.0-liter inline-four good for 250 horsepower and paired to an eight-speed automatic transmission. Features such as dual-zone climate control are now standard for 2020. This current offer specifically states buyers must take delivery by December 2, 2019.


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Aliba Webber
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Interior desinger
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- Designed in 2020 by Aliba Webber
Modern interior
A full-Service residential & commercial interior design and staging company offering proffessional organizing & eco-services.
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Claude Vervoort - Architect, MindTap team - Jeff Lewis PhD, CLO, YouSeeU
synchronous (live capture) and asynchronous speech video delivery, recording and grading
Courseware platform assembling rich content and activities in a customizable environment.
MindApps are used to actually deliver Content and Activities.
Rating on how LTI played out for main integration points:
When clicking on the Learning Path, the right assessment opens in the right state for current user.
POST http://youseeu.com/lti
lti_message_type: basic-lti-launch-request
#where
context_id: 46
context_title: 'Course Name'
#who
user_id: 1234455
roles: 'Instructor'
lis_person_name_family: 'Smith'
lis_person_name_given: 'Samantha'
#what
custom_ref_id: 'asst-345'
custom_activity_enddate:<PHONE_NUMBER>
custom_course_enddate:<PHONE_NUMBER>
#trust
oauth_consumer_key: 'mindtap'
oauth_sign: '6mzAT1/8K9y3Bu2co417WT2g0Dc='
custom_activity_end_date
That is what Basic Launch is for, however too much reliance on custom params
As an editor or an Instructor, I want an integrated authoring environment to add or edit YouSeeU activities in MindTap.
POST http://youseeu.com/lti
lti_message_type: ContentItemSelectionRequest
#add flow continutation
content_item_return_url: http://mindtap.com/nb/service/lti/contentItemSelectionReturn
data: mindtap-continutation-data
#where
context_id: 46
context_title: 'Course Name'
#who
user_id: 1234455
roles: 'Instructor'
#trust
oauth_consumer_key: 'mindtap'
oauth_sign: '6mzAT1/8K9y3Bu2co417WT2g0Dc='
POST http://mindtap.com/nb/service/lti/contentItemSelectionReturn
content-items: {
"@context": ["http://purl.imsglobal.org/ctx/lti/v1/ContentItemPlacement",
"http://mindtap.cengage.com/static/nb/jsonld/contentitem.jsonld"],
"@graph": [{
"@type": "ContentItemPlacement",
"placementOf": {
"@type": "LtiLink",
"mediaType": "application/vnd.ims.lti.v1.launch+json",
"title": "Subjective Assessment",
"activityRefId": "12ad5g",
"mtScorable": {
"pointsPossible": 34.53
}
}
}]
}
data: mindtap-continutation-data
Instructor submits
...or cancel
Fills a key gap. Will evolve!
As an Student, I need to know in MindTap the status of my activity, in progress, submitted, graded.
POST http://youseeu.com/lti
lti_message_type: basic-lti-launch-request
#who, where, what, trust as before
#Outcome
lis_outcome_service_url: http://local.mindtap/nb/service/ltiOutcome/saveAttempt/
lis_result_sourcedid: '3e39d9bd-77df-4cb4-8070-07ca76c75c52'
3124567
en
0.92
No information about the actor :(
As an Instructor, I want a course with great content and activities that I can then customize
POST http://youseeu.com/lti
lti_message_type: basic-lti-launch-request
#where
context_id: 46
#on every launch, used to do Lazy copy of YouSeeU context
source_context_id: 34
As an Instructor, I need to setup group activities in advance. Late enrollment on 1st student launch is not enough.
# All Course enrollment
GET http://{mindtap}/roster/{contextId}
# Feed like Pull api for update
GET http://{mindtap}/roster/{contextId}?since={unix_timestamp}
#secured with simple HTTP Header signature using LTI Shared Secret
But bot for long! Membership Service cooking...


Ivan Belyavtsev
05.02.2022
In the case of 1 ray per pixel without additional ray casting the complexity of ray tracing is rays number * (triangles number * MT algorithm cost + Closest Hit cost)
[2]
Obj file was parsed to a vector of shapes. Each shape has its own vertex and index buffers. Let’s use the each shape as a single chunk for traversing. How we can find the shape-ray intersection?
float3 invRaydir = float3(1.0) / ray.direction;
float3 t0 = (aabb_max - ray.position) * invRaydir;
float3 t1 = (aabb_min - ray.position) * invRaydir;
float3 tmin = min(t0, t1);
float3 tmax = max(t0, t1);
return maxelem(tmin) <= minelem(tmax);
[3]
Surface area heuristic (SAH):
\[C(A, B) = t_{trav}+p_{A}\sum_{i=1}^{N_A}t_{int}(a_i) + p_{B}\sum_{i=1}^{N_B}t_{int}(b_i)\]
where \(C\) - cost of traversing the node, \(p_{A}\) and \(p_{B}\) are the probabilities that the ray passes through the subvolumes \(A\) and \(B\) [4]
aabb
classbuild_acceleration_structure
method of raytracer
classtrace_ray
method of raytracer
class to traverse the acceleration structureray_tracing_renderer
class to build the acceleration structure


page; $game = $page->getGame(); $choices = $page->getChoices(); $form = $this->createBootstrapForm($this->createChoice); ?>


Standard Group journalist’s daughter scores 439 marks to top in KCPE
by Mireri JuniorStandard Group journalist Jonathan Komen’s daughter, June Cheptoo Koech, is the second-best overall student in the 2019 Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE).
June scored 439 marks out of 500 marks and was among the three candidates; Flavian Koech and Sean Michael who tied in the second position nationally. The top student this year, Michael Munyiri, scored 440 marks. Reacting to the news, her father Komen, who has been christened The Lion by colleagues in the newsroom, said that in Cheptoo, a real lioness had been born. “They call me the lion in the newsroom, well, today I want to announce that a real lioness has been found,” said Komen.
SEE ALSO : Death of KCPE as Uhuru puts end to debate on curriculum
Cheptoo sat her examination at Sangalo Central Primary in Nandi County, a public school. Speaking to Standard Digital on phone, Komen described her daughter as an avid reader with a cool head, adding that her performance did not surprise the family having scored 446 marks in the final mock examinations. Komen, a household name among sports journalists in the country courtesy of his nice sports stories has made the headlines, not because of an eye-catching story, but because his daughter is among the best in the country this year.
Do not miss out on the latest news. Join the Standard Digital Telegram channel HERE.


UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES CEBU - HIGH SCHOOL
Gorordo Avenue, Lahug, Cebu City
Hello -student- !
-content- You may access the website here: -website_link-
EMAIL: -email-
PASSWORD: -password-
We also hope to be in touch with you before the SET period will commence by the end of the semester. Thank you.


apples and Apples
Semi-supervised learning for WSD
Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a task that consists in determining the correct sense of a particular occurrence of a word that have multiple meanings. An example is the word “bank”, with a usual meaning related to finance and other referring to a slope of grass or earth. Disambiguating word occurrences is a key task for many basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) components, since they assume that there is no ambiguity in an input text. A strategy widely adopted by the methods for this task is to emulate the disambiguation process carried out by humans when reading, this is, by using information about the context of a word occurrence.
I conducted a research project around a classic word sense disambiguation algorithm introduced by Yarowsky. By a close inspection of this algorithm, I identify factors that result relevant for its performance, some of which are only implicitly considered in the original literature where the algorithm is firstly described. The factors are the following:
- strategy for initial labeling,
- types of collocations or evidences,
- consideration of the one-sense-per-discourse heuristics,
- formalization of rule confidence,
- rule confidence threshold,
- allowance for change or removal of a label for an instance, and
- coverage criteria.
I then propose a lightly supervised version of the decision rule algorithm for WSD, and study the impact of settings for the identified factors. The work makes use of an evaluation strategy based on pseudo-words to show that the proposed approach achieves comparable performance to those of highly optimized versions of the algorithm.
If you are interested in more of this, please read my article, for the technical details about the original algorithm, the identified factors, the proposed version of the method, the evaluation strategy, and the experimental results.