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{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
A lot of undergraduate students are interested doing a post graduate course. This website is aimed at helping students understand the current status of admissions in universities and calculate their chance of admittance into a university.
The data used here was collected by Mohan S Acharya et al. for their work A Comparison of Regression Models for Prediction of Graduate Admissions.
It has the following features, all of which are taken into consideration in this website.
In this website, the importance of the above mentioned features is described in term of SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations). It is a unified approach to explain the output of any machine learning model. Basically, a higher SHAP value means a higher influence on the model's prediction.
Now we take a look at how each of the features effect the model's prediction.
The Graduate Record Examinations is a standardized test that is an admissions requirement for most graduate schools in the United States. The GRE is owned and administered by Educational Testing Service.
We can see in the above plot that a high GRE score with Research experience can have a positive effect on your chances and a low GRE score with no Research experience can bring your chances down.
Test of English as a Foreign Language® is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enroll in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by many English-speaking academic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS
A good TOEFL score and a good GRE score seems to have a good effect on your chances of getting into the college you want.
CGPA (Cumulative Grade Points Average) is a grade pointing system used in the educational sector. Cumulative Grade Points is the average of grade points obtained in all the subjects.
Whoa! CGPA and GRE score together seem to have a the most effect on your chances. A good GRE score can still have a negative effect on your chance if your CGPA is low.
When compared to the rest of the features, these have relatively low effect on your chances. but they still matter. An interesting thing to note here is that no matter how high your GRE score is, a lack of research experience can still bring your chance down and vice versa.
Now that you have seen how the different features affect your chances see where you stand by clicking here.
{% endblock %}


How annotations can be used to enhance field validations.
The @FormField annotation adds data entry parameters to Java types. These parameters are available to built in types as well as custom types.
@FormField supports the following parameters:
A screen label associated with this data entry field. The “label” must be a String.
If no “label” is specified, a default label is calculated from the field name using camel case
conventions to break the name into words. If the field name is “purchaseDate” the field name
will be “Purchase date”. If the field name is “isGSTApplicable” the field label
will be “Is GST applicable”.
The screen label can also be calculated at runtime by using the @LableFor annotation on a method.
The runtime method overrides this parameter.
A specified data entry type. Normally the data entry type is derived from the type of the Java field.
If “type” is specified it replaces the derived type. “type” must be a Java class that implements
IType (see custom types).
“type” is used to explicitly specify custom types for common Java fields. For example, if you write a
customer data entry type for validating payment card numbers, you could write:
@FormField(type=PaymentCardNumberType.class)
String paymentCardNumber;
The data entry type can also be calculated at runtime by using the @TypeFor annotation on a method.
The runtime method overrides this parameter.
For String based types, the maximum length of the string. The data entry field will only allow “length” number of characters.
The “length” parameter can be used to limit String data entry without having to write a custom type. For example, if you only want to capture a payment card number without validating it, you could write:
@FormField(length=16)
String paymentCardNumber;
It is also possible to specify a String length using the javax.persistance.Column annotation.
It is an error if both are specified with different “length” values.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing ILengthSettable.
For String based types, a regular expression that data must match.
The “pattern” parameter can be used to limit String data entry without having to write a custom type.
For example, if you only want to capture a payment card number, checking only that it is made up
of 16 digits, you could write:
@FormField(pattern="^[0-9]{16}$")
String paymentCardNumber;
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing IPatternSettable.
For String based types that have a “pattern” parameter, this is the message shown when the data entry does not conform to the pattern. For example:
@FormField(pattern="^[0-9]{16}$", message="16 digits are required")
String paymentCardNumber;
If a “message” is not specified, the regular expression is displayed as the message. In the following, the message shown will be “[0-9]{16}”. In most cases, a “message” should be specified when “pattern” is used.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing IPatternSettable.
For String based types, the case of the entered characters:
If “pattern” is specified, it is possible to derive the case. For example, the pattern “^[A-Z]*$” will assume “xcase” is TextCase.UPPER. Deriving the character case from a pattern is not perfect—it may be necessary to also specify “xcase” as well.
This parameter is called “xcase” rather than the more obvious “case” because “case” is a reserved word in Java.
For numeric types, whether the entered number can be signed or not:
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing ISignAndPrecisionSettable.
For decimal types, how many digits are allowed to the left of the decimal point.
It is also possible to specify a precision using the javax.persistance.Column annotation.
It is an error if both are specified with different “precision” values.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing ISignAndPrecisionSettable.
For decimal types, how many digits are allowed to the right of the decimal point.
It is also possible to specify a scale using the javax.persistance.Column annotation.
It is an error if both are specified with different “scale” values.
If not specified, the scale defaults to 0.
Default values used in data entry are displayed with trailing zeros removed from decimal digits. For example, assume a field with a scale of 2. If the field has a value of 123.40 the default valuee will be displayed as “123.4”. If the field value is 123.00 the default value will be displayed as “123”.
For reports and other display fields, trailing zeros are displayed, up to the number specified by the scale value.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing ISignAndPrecisionSettable.
For integer types, the minimum allowed value.
The “min” and “max” parameter values determine the sign and number of digits allowed but with the additional minimum and maximum value checking. For example, specifying min=-999 and max=999 is equivalent to sign=SIGNED and precision=3. Specifying min=0 and max=100 is eqivalent to sign=UNSIGNED and precision=3, but with the additional check that the entered value must be less than or equal to 100.
Either “min” and “max” or “sign” and “precision” parameter values can be used on an integer field, but not both.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing IMinMaxSettable.
For integer types, the maximum allowed value. See the description of “min” parameter above.
Custom types can get access to this parameter by implementing IMinMaxSettable.
Obsolete. No longer used.


This page connects to AWS IOT using the MQTT protocol, and listens for updates from an Alexa skill Lambda function.
When an update is received, the map is updated via browser Javascript.
Build your own version of this skill via the alexa-cookbook !
Thanks to New Signature for the jQuery map concept.
Not working? Check your browser's Developer Tools - Console for any Javascript errors.


|
Container_bptree
Bibliography
|
1. B. Stroustrup. The C++ Programming Language. 3rd Edition,
Addison Wesley, 2007.
The development of STL variants of containers using advanced data structures
is not a trivial task in principle. This book has provided valuable guidelines
in resolving various implementation issues and achieving the best possible
conformance to interfaces of STL containers and iterators.
2. D. Comer. The Ubiquitous B-trees. ACM Computing Surveys,
11(2), 121-137, 1979.
3. P. Brass. Advanced Data Structures.
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
4. T.H. Cormen, C.E. Leiserson, R.L. Rivest and C. Stein. Introduction
to Algorithms. 2nd Edition, MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Revised
23 June, 2012
Copyright © 2011
Vadim Stadnik
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or
copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)


Setting up a new machine for data science work can be frustrating and time consuming. After having to go through this process twice quite recently, and with several new starters about to join my team, I decided to invest some time to create a step-by-step guide that helps to automate the process of machine setup. This gets you from zero to Data Science in minutes on MacOS
I’ve had to set up new data science laptops twice in the last couple of months and got frustrated with the tedious setup procedures. Installing libraries, customising settings, how do I switch RStudio to night mode again? Moreover, I have two new starters joining my team in the coming weeks which means that more system setups are just around the corner. So I decided to compile a guide with scripts and commands that make this process smoother and faster.
There is many things to be said for an automatic setup over manual installation.
Speed, reproducibility, a standardised configuration between all team members,
and the opportunity for programmatic customisation. Among software developers
this approach, called .dotfile
configuration, is common practice and great
introductions are available
here
and here.
However, so far I have only rarely encountered it on data science teams.
This is despite the fact that data scientists frequently work with complex
statements at the command line, have to pay particular attention to system
setup to ensure reproducibility of their experiments, use version control, and
commonly deal with data from a wide range of sources, many of which will require
API tokens or access credentials. So think of this as a data science specific
dotfile
setup. There are three main components to this approach:
- using command line tools and package managers instead of graphic installers automate first-time system setup, because this is faster, more reproducible, and more easily maintainable.
- set up a beautiful, efficient, and powerful command line configuration, because it will make everyday tasks easier, because it’s awesome and because we can!
- create a
.dotfile
repository that saves settings, application preferences, api keys, and access tokens, because it is more convenient and more secure than glueing post-its to our monitor or hard-coding passwords and tokens into our code that is then pushed to GitHub.
Most parts of this article can be used in isolation, so unlike the British Prime Minister you are free to “cherry-pick” if you are so inclined.
I am assuming here that you’re using MacOS. Parts of it may be transferable to a linux machine, much of it will need modification. If you’re on Windows… good luck! It may work with the new Ubuntu for Windows? If you get a chance to test this, please let me know in the comment section below.
Initial Setup
We start of by installing install Homebrew,
the “missing package manager for MacOS”! This bit actually requires some user
input (
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Once that is done we can use homebrew
for some additional household essentials.
brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask
brew tap caskroom/cask
brew cask install
brew install wget htop git keychain
brew cask install google-chrome atom vlc spotify dropbox
# You can launch and configure dropbox with
open ~/Applications/Dropbox.app
# Java SDK
brew cask install java
# (this may require your password again)
Powerlevel9k Command Line
Now it’s time to beef up our command line. This is something that many software developers and engineers spend a lot of time on, to the point where some are holding competitions to show off their great shells. Many Data Scientists, on the other hand, seem to neglect command line customisation. I think that this is a mistake. Let me convince you by highlighting some of the neat extra features that we can add with a little bit of extra setup effort:
- beautiful command prompt
- syntax highlighting
- auto completion
- read/write flags
- execution timing
- git support with repo status tracking
(powerlevel9k demo)[https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b5d7eb49a30bfe6bdb5706fa3c9be95fe8e5956e/687474703a2f2f67696679752e636f6d2f696d616765732f70396b6e65772e676966]
The most nerdy set of productivity tools on the block! To make this work
we will need iTerm2 and zsh.
iTerm2 is a macOS terminal replacement with many additional features, such as
more display customisation, better hotkeys, and fantastic split pane
functionality. Zsh is a shell designed for interactive use. It works
particularly well with oh-my-zsh
, a configuration tool
that helps with setting up everything just the way we like it. They have great
stickers, too ;)
While we’re at it we will also install the Powerline terminal fonts, which will be needed for powerlevel9k, the zsh theme of my choosing.
# install iTerm2
brew cask install iterm2
# install zsh
brew install zsh
# get oh-my-zsh configuration tool
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# (this may require your password again)
# get powerlevel9k theme for zsh
git clone https://github.com/bhilburn/powerlevel9k.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/themes/powerlevel9k
# and the corresponding font
wget -O /Library/Fonts/font_sourcecodepro_powerline_awesomeregular.ttf https://github.com/Falkor/dotfiles/blob/master/fonts/SourceCodePro+Powerline+Awesome+Regular.ttf?raw=true
# change zsh theme to powerlevel9k
sed -i '' 's/ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"/POWERLEVEL9K_MODE='awesome-patched'\
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel9k\/powerlevel9k"/g' .zshrc
Now you should add iTerm2 to the dock bar and/or assign a hot key of your
choosing. Change the colour scheme (Menu bar
> Profiles
>
Open Profiles...
> Select "Default"
> Edit Profiles...
) as you see fit.
Definitively change the font to SourceCodePro+Powerline+Awesome Regular
.
This last step is important as POWERLEVEL9K WON’T WORK PROPERLY WITHOUT THIS
and you will end up with cryptic symbols on your prompt instead.
If you don’t have strong feelings about colour style preference, feel free to use my profile template. You can install it as a dynamic profile with the command below. DynamicProfiles enable you to share your preferences between different machines. You can create your own by exporting your profile from the profile menu to a JSON file and copying it to the same location:
# copy the profile settings for iTerm2 to DynamicProfiles folder
wget -O ~/Library/Application Support/iTerm2/DynamicProfiles https://github.com/JanLauGe/.dotfiles/blob/master/iterm_profile.json
There is a wide range of plugins available for iTerm2 and zsh. I
automatically add a few that I find useful by installing them with homebrew or
cloning the code from github. Afterwards I add them to the .zshrc
configuration file with sed
. Side note: Alternatively, we could just copy
a pre-existing .zshrc
but I felt that adding lines using sed
kept things
more transparent and would allow for applying individual parts of the script
to already set up machines.
# Add auto suggestions (for Oh My Zsh)
# This plugin suggests the commands you used in your terminal history.
 We need R & Python, and while the GUI installers for Rstudio and Anaconda make the installation child’s play, it would be nice to have it as part of this initial setup script as well. Moreover, I find myself accumulating eclectic collections of packages and libraries. Instead of reinstalling all of these manually I have included them here as well:
#### install anaconda ----
# May need updating for conda version
wget -O anaconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-5.3.0-MacOSX-x86_64.sh
./anaconda.sh -b -p ~/anaconda3
rm anaconda.sh
# append conda path to bash profile
echo 'export PATH="~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
# reload profile
source .zshrc
# create new anaconda virtual environments
conda update conda
conda config --add channels conda-forge
conda create --name dev2 python=2.7
conda create --name dev3 python=3.6
# and switch to it to avoid using the system python
source activate dev3
# do this every time we start a new session
echo 'source activate dev3' >> ~/.zshrc
# Install a few libraries that do not ship with anaconda
pip install awscli tensorflow tensorflow-gpu keras
#### install R and RStudio ----
# this is required for some advanced plotting
brew cask install xquartz
# (will need password again)
brew install --with-x11 r
brew cask install --appdir=/Applications rstudio
# Note the --appdir option which will use /Applications instead of ~/Applications
# install R packages
RScript -e "install.packages(c(
'caret','cluster','crayon','crosstalk','curl','CVST','data.table','DBI',
'devtools','doMC','dtplyr','foreach','foreign','ggplot2','ggthemes','glmnet',
'haven','here','htmltools','htmlwidgets','httr','igraph','jsonlite','knitr',
'labeling','lattice','lazyeval','leaflet','lubridate','magrittr','markdown',
'mime','praise','psych','purrr','raster','RColorBrewer','Rcpp','readr',
'rmarkdown','rpart','rvest','scales','shiny','stringr','survival','testthat',
'tidyverse','units','viridis','xml2','aws.s3','checkmate','feather','future',
'gapminder','keras','lintr','plotly','plotROC','prettyunits','pROC','progress',
'randomForest','ranger','reticulate','rJava','RJDBC','RJSONIO','RODBC',
'roxygen2','RPostgreSQL','Rtsne','slackr','sf','stringdist','tensorflow',
'text2vec','vegan','xgboost','XML'),
repos='http://cran.us.r-project.org')"
# This library for snowflake from github
RScript -e "library(devtools); install_github('snowflakedb/dplyr-snowflakedb')"
Settings and Access
So now we are done with the basic setup on our local machine. However, there are still ssh keys, api access tokens, and config files to configure. This can take a lot of time and energy, and having different tokens on different machines can be confusing or even unsafe (I have seen far too many people hard-code their AWS credentials into their notebooks!).
I’ve therefore gone for an approach of creating a central repository for
identity management and protecting it with a single strong master password.
For obvious reasons I will not go into too much detail on my exact approach to
this, but let’s just say that we have synced all our identity files to a local
folder called .dotfiles
. From there we can sync them into our home directory,
as succinctly explained by Ajmal Siddiqui
in this post.
rsync .dotfiles ~
and since we want to do that whenever we start a new terminal session:
echo 'rsync .dotfiles ~' >> .zshrc
This will synchronise all files in the .dotfiles
folder to the home directory
where they are available to the various applications or our custom scripts
that may use them. Files that I now use this for include:
- .ssh - ssh keys for Github, AWS, etc.
- .aws - AWS credentials needed for the
aws cli
- .gitconfig - To track my contributions to version controlled code bases
- .kaggle.json - Access token to use the new Kaggle API
- .google - Access token for the google maps SDK that I used here
So that’s all! As always, I hope it is useful for someone. Please let me know any thoughts you may have in the comments below. Also, follow me on twitter, connect with me on linkedIn, and feel free to email me.


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At lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form by injected humour.
At lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form by injected humour.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit majority have suffered alteration
Someone famous in Source Title
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit majority have suffered alteration
Someone famous in Source Title


Wind Speed vs. Latitude
This plot shows the relationship between the latitude of the cities and their wind speed. Most cities have wind speeds less than 20 mph, and there does not seem to be much correlation between latitude and wind speed.
For more on this project, including the source code, please see my Python API Challenge repo on Github.
Linear Regression of Wind Speeds by Hemisphere
Here we can see the linear regression of the wind speed values by hemisphere. The r-value of the southern hemisphere is -0.09069 and the r-value of the northern hemisphere is 0.045. The correlation here is extremely weak, and demonstrates that wind speed does not appear to have a meaningful connection to latitude.


- What do the ratings questions actually mean?
Q. How nice is this person in their professional interactions?
- This refers to the interpersonal abilities of a practitioner particularly as they relate to effectively engaging team members around them. It entails their EQ, managerial acumen, and ability to motivate their team towards achieving the ultimate goal
Q. How competent is this person in their domain of expertise?
- Competence can refer to a practitioner's raw horsepower, problem solving skills or collective knowledge base in a functional or industry domain that can be applied to new problems. In other words, competence refers to content focused expertise. It's what ultimately ‘cracks the case’ on tough engagements
Q. How much did you learn from this person while working with them?
- This question gets at how much the practitioner actively invests in building the skills and capabilities of the junior practitioners on their teams
Q. Would you work with this person again if you had the choice?
- When all is said and done, given the choice, would you want to work with this practitioner again?
- How should I think about the numerical scoring scale? What does a 5 constitute?
1 = Poor
2 = Below average
3 = Average
4 = Great
5 = Amongst the best I’ve seen at the firm
In other words, a 5 rating should be reserved for a truly exceptional display of that capability
- Are there any benefits to leaving more reviews?
Absolutely! Members who post 10 or more reviews and ‘like’ at least 15 posted reviews are upgraded to ‘Elite’ status. Elite members receive access to premium content such as lists of highest rated consulting practitioners by Service Line and Office and moderator privileges (i.e. they can ‘downvote’ less relevant reviews, flag inappropriate items etc.)
- What does ‘liking’ a review mean? And how does it work?
If you think that a posted review is an accurate depiction of the skills and capabilities of a practitioner, you can ‘like’ the review. Reviews for practitioners are sorted based on the number of ‘likes’ they receive similar to Reddit or Quora. This system of upvoting ensures that the most relevant reviews assessed by the community are displayed more prominently. You can only 'like' a review once
- How are the ratings per practitioner calculated for each of the rating questions?
The scoring algorithm weights practitioner scores based on the number of normalized ’likes’ received. Posts that receive greater ‘likes’ carry a disproportionate weight in determining practitioner scores
- What constitutes a good review?
An impactful review is one that is factual, detailed and gets at the ‘why’ behind the numerical ratings score given
- Can I edit a review once I’ve posted it?
We do not currently allow posted reviews to be edited by members. If you would like to edit a review please contact a platform moderator at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Is the content on this site moderated?
Yes! All reviews are assessed for appropriateness and professionalism. Posts that don’t adhere to professional standards are immediately removed


Hey all. This time we are here to talk about a very important enumerable method called map. Now there isn't too much to say about this one, but it is a very powerful tool. As always, I will provide an example to help nail down the idea.
Alright so to start this explanation it is important to note that map is a method that primarily works with arrays. The way map works is that you can pass a codeblock to it as well as an array, and it will apply the codeblock to each array element. Consider the following example: I have a list of numbers and I want each one to be multiplied by 10. This is a fairly simple request with map. Take a look at this block of code...
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array.map {|x| x * 10}
It is important to note that you can also use do and end instead of the curly brackets. Now you might be thinking, "How is this any different from using each"? Well, I will tell you just that. If you tried using each for this task, your return would be...
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Your return from using map would be...
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Notice that each doesn't even give us what we asked for. That's because each does the task we ask for, but it doesn't chaneg the original array. Map takes our directions and returns to us the brand new array. Each is used more for printing things rather than changing anything.
Now that pretty much covers the explanation on map, but before we finish I want to leave a couple more interesting examples to illustrate the cool things you can do with this method.
Let's consider two more examples. In the first, we will write a map statement that takes each element of the array and deletes each element individually. In the second method we will add 1 to each array element. The code for those map statements would look like this...
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array.map {|x| x.delete}
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array.map {|x| x + 1}
The results from these would be an empty array, and the array [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Now that pretty much covers the discussion on map. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me.


5 Standout Things to Know About the 2033 Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Film Festival is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world. Here are nine of the films that generated the most buzz...
266 3


DC.subject
sports law
Sports law is an umbrella term used to describe the legal issues at work in the world of both amateur and professional sports.
Sports law overlaps substantially with labor law, contract law, competition or antitrust law, and tort law.


[§304A-3154] Cooperation with other state agencies. The commission may be assisted by other state agencies, including but not limited to the university, the department of education, and the department of commerce and consumer affairs. [L 2006, c 75, pt of §2]


end
EventThis demonstrates how to use the end
event to chain animations runs together.
Click the X in the header to fade the element out, then shrink its height to zero.
This an example of what you can do with the YUI Animation Utility.
Follow the instructions above to see the animation in action.
This is placeholder text used to demonstrate how the above animation affects subsequent content.


| Date | Title | Author(s) |
| Thursday, August 13, 2015 | Announcing Steve Souders Keynote at Angular U | Angular U Staff |
| Monday, June 08, 2015 | Rangle.io's Women Who Code Contest Announced | Angular U Staff |
| Wednesday, May 20, 2015 | RANGLE.IO and Pluralsight Join Sponsors at Angular U | Angular U Staff |
| Tuesday, April 07, 2015 | Honored To Have Angular U On AngularJS.Org Site! | Angular U Staff |
| Sunday, March 29, 2015 | Introducing the Angular U Conference | Dan Wahlin |
| Thursday, March 26, 2015 | Why Am I So Excited About Angular U? | Peter Kellner |


| Trees | Indices | Help |
|---|
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Utilities for Google App Engine Utilities for making it easier to use OAuth 2.0 on Google App Engine.
Author<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(Joe Gregorio)
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InvalidClientSecretsError The client_secrets.json file is malformed or missing required fields. |
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InvalidXsrfTokenError The XSRF token is invalid or expired. |
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SiteXsrfSecretKey Storage for the sites XSRF secret key. |
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SiteXsrfSecretKeyNDB NDB Model for storage for the sites XSRF secret key. |
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AppAssertionCredentials Credentials object for App Engine Assertion Grants |
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FlowProperty App Engine datastore Property for Flow. |
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FlowNDBProperty App Engine NDB datastore Property for Flow. |
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CredentialsProperty App Engine datastore Property for Credentials. |
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CredentialsNDBProperty App Engine NDB datastore Property for Credentials. |
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StorageByKeyName Store and retrieve a credential to and from the App Engine datastore. |
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CredentialsModel Storage for OAuth 2.0 Credentials |
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CredentialsNDBModel NDB Model for storage of OAuth 2.0 Credentials |
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OAuth2Decorator Utility for making OAuth 2.0 easier. |
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OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets An OAuth2Decorator that builds from a clientsecrets file. |
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
|
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OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE = 'oauth2client#ns'
|
|||
XSRF_MEMCACHE_ID = 'xsrf_secret_key'
|
|
Escape text to make it safe to display. Args: s: string, The text to escape. Returns: The escaped text as a string. |
Return the secret key for use for XSRF protection. If the Site entity does not have a secret key, this method will also create one and persist it. Returns: The secret key. |
Composes the value for the 'state' parameter. Packs the current request URI and an XSRF token into an opaque string that can be passed to the authentication server via the 'state' parameter. Args: request_handler: webapp.RequestHandler, The request. user: google.appengine.api.users.User, The current user. Returns: The state value as a string. |
Parse the value of the 'state' parameter. Parses the value and validates the XSRF token in the state parameter. Args: state: string, The value of the state parameter. user: google.appengine.api.users.User, The current user. Raises: InvalidXsrfTokenError: if the XSRF token is invalid. Returns: The redirect URI. |
Creates an OAuth2Decorator populated from a clientsecrets file. Args: filename: string, File name of client secrets. scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) of the credentials being requested. message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. The message may contain HTML and will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the decorator. cache: An optional cache service client that implements get() and set() methods. See clientsecrets.loadfile() for details. Returns: An OAuth2Decorator
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| Trees | Indices | Help |
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| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Thu Jan 24 16:14:31 2013 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


Config values
Initialise a constants object
Constant Motor values of the truck like gearCount, rations, ... for more information
Capacity of fuel and adblue of the truck
Warning Factors of the truck for more information
Constant wheel values of the truck like radius, liftable, ... for more information
Brand id for configuration purposes. Limited to C-identifier characters
Brand for display purposes.
Name for internal use by code. Limited to C-identifier characters and dots.
Name for display purposes Localized using the current in-game language


You are more of a person who enjoys the cold wether. Tell us if you live in the United States
In U.S.A
Out U.S.A


The perspectives and skills acquired by students in politics classes will serve them in a wide range of career fields, including business, journalism, law, politics, and public service.
| Faculty Names | Pictures |
|---|---|
| Dina Badie | |
| Robert Bosco | |
| Benjamin Knoll | |
| Daniel G. Stroup |


The Bride and Groom
SARAH
Sarah is most thankful to her parents for the gift of two loving big brothers & five amazing role-model sisters. As the second-youngest, Sarah spent her childhood twirling & dancing around, putting on talent shows for her parents & grandparents. Her creative spirit and eye for design was established at a young age, as she highly disapproved of Mattel’s © furnishings and décor within her Barbie House. If Barbie needed an interior makeover (which was frequent) Sarah looked through Sunday newspaper ads & IKEA magazines for inspiration, drew the new contents by hand and placed them as backdrops in the Barbie house. After graduation from Mater Dei High School, Sarah explored the metropolitan life in San Francisco and graduated with a BS in Interior Design from San Francisco State University. Sarah is adding to her vows that she will forever allow a one-room “man-den” with it’s contents and décor subject to Bradley’s discretion.
BRADLEY
Born in Mission Viejo, California, Bradley spent half of his life living with his mother in San Diego and half with his wonderful Wisconsin family. Bradley grew up playing ice hockey while secretly learning how to build computers. Half jock, half nerd, he has cultivated these interests well into his adult life, that make him who he is today. After his graduation from the University of San Francisco with a degree in Information Systems, Bradley worked for Yahoo! for seven years, and continued to explore the tech startup scene in San Francisco. With an entrepreneurial spirit and passion for technology, Bradley now runs his own software company, Scal.io, building hand-crafted mobile, web, and desktop apps for tech companies in the Silicon Valley and beyond. Bradley is adding to his vows a lifetime IT guarantee to Sarah, that he will be readily available 24/7 to troubleshoot... anything & everything technical.
HOW WE MET
In 2010 the two were both wild and running free around San Francisco’s Marina District, as most singles do. Bradley was quite the bachelor- planning weekend getaways with friends, float trips, and taking last minute trips to Ibiza, Cabo, wherever the wind blew. Sarah was quite the bachelorette, wining and dining around San Francisco, on a strict agenda which included over-extending herself, saying yes to every social engagement that came her way. After a mutual friend of the two suggested they would make a cute couple, a date was on the books and they began to discover just how compatible they were. In no time, they also discovered they were inseparable and very in love. The rest is history- they’ve shared some amazing adventures around the world, each other's toothbrushes, and now they’re ready to share the rest of their lives together, too.
THE ENGAGEMENT
Down in San Diego for a weekend to visit Bradley’s mom, the pair decided to spend the beautiful morning at Balboa Park. After returning to their hotel, Bradley asked Sarah to run up to their room for a bottle of wine that had been chilling. Bradley said he was going to ask concierge for a “wine opener” and that he’d meet her in the courtyard. As Sarah opened the door to the room, she “freaked out”, thinking she was in the wrong room. It was decorated with bouquets of her favorite flowers, decadent treats and champagne. Rose petals on the floor led her to the open balcony, and as she walked out she saw Bradley waiting for her down below, with a huge grin on his face. And like out of a fairy tale, Romeo asked Juliet to be his wife. She giggled, and said yes. Bradley had it all captured by a hidden, sniper-style photographer.
Wedding
CEREMONY
The Inn at Rancho Santa Fe
Rancho Santa Fe, California
Friday, September 6, 2013
6:00 PM at the Croquet Lawn
Reception to follow
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
Rehearsal Dinner
Thursday, September 5th at 8pm
Golf
Friday, September 6th at 9am
Ceremony
Friday, September 6th at 6pm (reception to follow)
Breakfast & Bocce
Saturday, September 7th at 10am
BRIDAL PARTY
Bridesmaids
Erika Montford
Heidi Hills
Claire Namdar
Tenaya Hills
Kelsey Hills
Shahira Kardous
Christy Baird
Marea Clark
Groomsmen
Sean Perkins
David DiNucci
Alex Anderson
Brant Grimes
Zachary Blatteis
Robby Bowser
Jeremy Hills
Michael Hills
Accomodations
HOTELS
(At the venue)
The Inn at Rancho Santa Fe
5951 Linea Del Cielo
Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067
(858) 756-1131
$279
-
Morgan Run Resort & Club (1.9 miles away)
5690 Cancha De Golf
Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92091
(866) 599-6674
$90
-
(Closer to the beach)
Courtyard San Diego Solana Beach/Del Mar (4.5 miles away)
717 S Hwy 101
Solana Beach, CA
(858) 792-8200
$109
DIRECTIONS
Northbound from San Diego
Take Interstate 5 North to the Villa de La Valle exit #36. Turn right (east) onto Via de La Valle, and proceed for 4 miles. After crossing La Gracia, turn left on Via de Santa Fe following the signs to Rancho Santa Fe. At the first stop sign, turn left onto Paseo Delicias and drive 2 blocks to a five way stop. Take a slight right onto Linea del Cielo and proceed for one block. The Inn is located on the left side of the road at 5951 Linea del Cielo.
Southbound from LA, Riverside & OC
Take Interstate 5 South to the Lomas Santa Fe exit #37. Turn left (east) onto Lomas Santa Fe, and proceed 4.5 miles. The road name will change to Linea Del Cielo. The Inn is located on the right side of the road at 5951 Linea del Cielo.
VICINITY MAP
ABOUT RANCHO SANTA FE
Choose to relax and soak up the California sunshine at the resort's pool, or meander across the street to explore the boutiques, jewelry stores, restaurants and antique shops at The Village of Rancho Santa Fe (fondly referred to as "The Village" by the residents). A friday morning tee time will be arranged for those who are interested, at Rancho Santa Fe Golf Club- a private, 18-hole championship golf course considered one of the Top 20 Best Golf Courses in California.
HISTORY OF THE INN
Ninety years ago, construction began on La Morada (“dwelling” in Spanish), the first building in what would become Rancho Santa Fe. Now known as The Inn at Rancho Santa Fe, “The Inn” to locals, it was then a guesthouse for prospective land buyers, a place to “put them up” while they looked at lots owned by the Santa Fe Land Improvement Company. The company, a subsidiary of the Santa Fe Railway, had bought up parcels, planting eucalyptus trees for railroad spikes. But as history has so often shown, not everything goes according to plan. The wood, the company discovered, was too soft to hold the spikes. It was on to plan B.
That plan turned out to be fortuitous. It led to the master-planned community of Rancho Santa Fe, designed by Lilian Rice, a National City-born architect and U.C. Berkeley graduate, who would earn acclaim for her signature Spanish Colonial Revival style. Rice designed the village’s key commercial and residential buildings, many now considered so historically significant that they are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Throughout the decades The Inn has been a favorite destination for many years of famous and influential people. In 1932, singer-actor Bing Crosby purchased one of Juan Osuna’s original adobes with 50 acres, and hired Lilian Rice as his architect. Legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright was married in the parlor of the Inn in 1928.
Just as the architecture of the missions tells a story about the history of California, so does Lilian Rice’s legendary design of The Inn. It is a perfect representation of old California charm and Rice's belief that true beauty lies in simplicity rather than ornateness. The Inn is a perfect reflection of Rice's dream - a place where time stands still amidst the simplistic, natural beauty that is Rancho Santa Fe. Go here and here for more information.
Registry
Due to the nature of city life (not a great deal of storage space), we have decided to embrace the HONEYMOON REGISTRY site, (link coming soon). However, if your prefer the traditional route, we are registered at Macy’s & Sur La Table.
LOVE NOTES FOR SARAH & BRADLEY
Email us at sarahhills85@gmail.com


This is fine.
How do we grapple with unhappiness within a student body that considers it a foregone conclusion?
By Rachel Hawley
Leonard Bernstein dropped dead from a heart attack five days after retiring from his career as the most celebrated conductor of the twentieth century. He had grown erratic and melancholy in the later years of his life, racked with grief and guilt from the death of his wife more than a decade earlier. But to the public, and even many of his close friends, he betrayed little sign of inner turmoil.
I thought about this as I warmed up onstage last winter amid the thrum of an orchestra, waiting for the conductor to enter from offstage — the opening to our concert program was the famous overture from Bernstein’s Candide. I thought about it throughout the concert, and again later that evening, when I called my mother to tell her that I wouldn’t be returning to Northwestern in the spring.
***
A year ago, I joined a public Facebook group called “Northwestern places i’ve cried.” At the time, it had several hundred members, and now has a membership of 2,665. It’s part of the subcultural renaissance of college-centric Weird Facebook groups that have popped up over the past few years. Yale, Stanford, Oberlin and Rice all have “Places I’ve Cried” groups, where students post the locations they’ve cried on campus as a tongue-in-cheek, commiseratory joke.
Northwestern’s iteration began with similar posts —“Norbucks,” “lost in Tech,” “crossing Sheridan,” “sober at Cheesie’s.” But as fall became winter, and winter dragged on, the tenor of “Northwestern places i’ve cried” changed. The light- hearted entries were replaced by paragraphs of urgent confessions about the constant barrage of academic and extracurricular stress, isolating loneliness, social anxiety and mental health issues. The comments on these posts filled up quickly with support and affirmation from friends and strangers alike. I kept finding myself typing out comments that I would delete before hitting ‘send,’ uncertain of how to offer comfort to a stranger over the internet.
Productivity culture. The phrase has been used to describe the pervasive pressure to be overcommitted and overworked that seeps into every exposed corner of our lives. It was highlighted by name in The Daily Northwestern last March, when students complained about professors’ unwillingness to cancel class or postpone assessments immediately following the active gunman scare, after students had spent over an hour on lockdown fearing for their lives. In its less egregious form, productivity culture manifests in fifth classestaken to stave off guilt about not “challenging yourself,” in the innumerable constellations of mind-bending dual degree/triple major/double minor/certificate combinations, and in arm-length lists of extracurricular affiliations and leadership positions. And it’s all laughed off with a smile and a “well, that’s Northwestern for you!”
Yet a not-insignificant portion of our student body is, on a day- to-day level, genuinely unhappy. On Facebook, it’s close to the surface; outside of the internet, the burden of shared sadness reveals itself in little, everyday things, like conversations with friends, or split seconds of eye contact with a stranger who has clearly been crying as you cross paths on the sidewalk.
***
There was never a question of whether my older brother would attend college, and at first, a degree seemed inevitable for me too. But by the time I was a high school senior mulling over applications, “if” began to insert itself into conversations, standing forebodingly in the shadow of “where.” For decades, my parents sacrificed for our education, every penny dedicated to the priority that their children attend excellent schools. But I was not well-positioned for academic success; I had poorly-managed mental illness and a learning disability, and generally found the experience of school to be pedantic and frustrating. I submitted one application and let deadlines for the others pass by, unable to find an answer to “Why ____?”
The letter from Northwestern arrived, and I accepted. I had ostensibly studied SAT vocabulary, but couldn’t find the words to express to my family, friends, and teachers that I wasn’t ready for college, that I might never be ready.
In the three and a half years since, I have changed degree programs and majors, dropped countless classes, joined clubs and moved into an apartment the size of a small storage unit. And I have only recently been able to articulate what I think I’ve known on some level since the beginning — college, at least for me, was probably a mistake.
A big part of what prevented me from articulating this knowledge was a force of culture, one that made itself increasingly clear to me as I scrolled through “Northwestern places i’ve cried” posts. It’s more than productivity culture. Let’s call it misery culture — one that normalizes the idea that de facto unhappiness and stress is the necessary cost of getting through college. That constant frustration in our academic, extracurricular, and social lives shouldn’t compel us to make major changes, because we don’t deserve more than to be sad and frustrated.
Maybe this is true at elite institutions more generally. The stakes are higher than ever before, and plenty of people you know are even more miserable than you and press on with their daily grind regardless. So the available options that might actually improve your quality of life — changing your major, leaving behind extracurricular commitments that don’t bring you fulfillment, dropping that goddamn class, maybe transferring altogether — seem unthinkable.
Whether those options are readily available to you is in many ways a matter of privilege; for students from low-income backgrounds, first-generation college students, non-citizens, and the like, there is often little room for error or change of heart. But even if you do have the option — to prioritize your quality of life over your accomplishments, to strip some of that odious “AND” from your DNA — you’ll still find yourself swimming upstream of a social current.
Misery culture thrives on the moralization of our shared sadness. We’ve been asked to believe, subconsciously or not, that being deeply unhappy during college (and deeply in debt for a decade or two afterwards) is a form of paying dues toward a better future. Without that belief, the jig would be up, the exploitation laid bare. So, naturally, what follows is an unspoken judgment of those who aren’t willing to partake in elective agony via precipitously high achievement standards: don’t they know that in ten years, I’ll be rewarded for this suffering, and they’ll be left behind?
This is bullshit, of course — a line of magical thinking that inevitably leads to disappointment. But hell, if it isn’t enticing.
***
One of the most famous dogs on the internet is not a flesh-and-blood pupper, but rather, a cartoon enshrined in memery. “This is Fine,” as it has become known, is an iconic two-panel excerpt from a comic by KC Green in which a dog sits in a room surrounded by flames and billowing smoke, and announces to himself, “This is fine.”
It’s hard to overstate the online ubiquity of “This is Fine,” particularly in the two years since the 2016 election. The feeling of pressing through a whirlwind of chaos is cathartically universal. The concluding panels of the comic, excluded from the meme version, show the dog being promptly burned to a crisp.
The issue, for us and for this ill-fated dog, is not the presence of misery, frustration, hopelessness, and chaos in our lives, but rather, the persistence of those things. Life without sadness would be impossible, but life with so much compounding sadness that we lose the perspective necessary to see it as anything other than ordinary and acceptable is disastrous.
I left school, briefly, but at the time, indefinitely. When I told people, most assumed that I was in the throws of a mental health crisis of some kind (some even congratulating me, awkwardly, for “getting help”). In reality, I was within the upper bounds of regular-Northwestern sad, but that no longer seemed acceptable to me, not as a foregone conclusion, anyway. I found a job to hold me over for several months, and eventually, I re-enrolled for my senior year.
College, for me, was likely a mistake, but mistakes are probably a better entry route to one’s place in the world than meticulous execution, anyway. As of now, I don’t know if I’m going to graduate this spring, or if I’ll have to stay a little bit longer. That’s alright by me — I feel optimistic about the future for the first time in a long while. This is fine.


--- layout: default title: DEVit Conference - Thessaloniki 15 May 2015 ---
Get ready to step out of your comfort zone! Learn about the latest trends and techniques for Frontend, Backend, DevOps and Security! Meet the experts, the evangelists, the masterminds! We are 360° and proud of it!


Berat Izgordu
Berat graduated at the University of Pisa in Computer Science and completed an internship at the University of San Diego working on low level packet filtering and analysis. She is now working at SIGHUP, hacking on the Kubernetes internals and on software defined infrastructures.
Workshop: The state of Serverless on Kubernetes: A dive into the future of running serverless applications on top of Kubernetes
In this workshop we are going to explore the state of Serverless on Kubernetes diving into frameworks, tooling and best practices to run faas and event-driven applications on your Cloud Native infrastructure based on Kubernetes.
This will be your chance to have a comprehensive overview and to understand projects like OpenFaaS, knative, kubeless and fission.


Pragmatic weekend project - apartments bot Starting and completing a weekend project, is often challenging. Feature creep, tech stack choices and unwaranted tech excelency (100% test coverage for a weekend project anyone?) are your enemies, making the project timeline go beyond one...
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State of the Market - Infinite State Hidden Markov Models My dirichletprocess package for R has the ability to fit Infinite Hidden Markov Models using a Dirichlet process. To demonstrate this functionality I will fit a Hidden Markov model to some financial data to see how the states change over time and hopefull...
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Why does this lazy sequence work? | Phillippe Siclait I explore a succinct, corecursive definition for the sequence of prime numbers in Clojure — and why it works.
SQLite Forum: Caution: clang-11.0.0 miscompiles SQLite It appears that the clang-11.0.0 compiler mis-compiles sqlite3.c version 3.32.1. I have checked in a change to SQLite that appears to work around the problem. But there might be other bugs. Therefore, use clang-11.0.0 with caution and test your applicat...
Configuring Errors and Warnings in C# Prevent accidental mistakes or apply best practices through Roslyn analyzers by configuring errors and warnings in C# that can fail the build.
.NET Rocks! vNext .NET Rocks! is a weekly talk show for anyone interested in programming on the Microsoft .NET platform. The shows range from introductory information to hardcore geekiness.
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Agenda - NDC Melbourne 2020 NDC Melbourne 2020 is a 4-day online workshop event for software developers. Topics will include: .NET, AI, Architecture, Big Data, Cloud, Concurrency, Continuous Delivery, Cross-Platform, Database, Design, DevOps, Embedded, Ethics, Fun, Functional Progra...
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Those Win9x Crashes on Fast Machines… It is well known that Win9x variants prior to Windows 98 have a tendency to crash on fast CPUs. The definition of “fast” is of course fuzzy but the problems were known to occur on AMD K6-2 processors running at 350 MHz or faster as early as 1998. This led...
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My Project
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Helper class for resolving cross-references while deserializing BlockGraph objects. More...
#include <block.hh>
Public Member Functions | |
| BlockMap (const AddrSpaceManager *m) | |
| Construct given an address space manager. | |
| BlockMap (const BlockMap &op2) | |
| Copy constructor. | |
| const AddrSpaceManager * | getAddressManager (void) const |
| Get the address space manager. | |
| void | sortList (void) |
| Sort the list of FlowBlock objects. | |
| FlowBlock * | findLevelBlock (int4 index) const |
| Find the FlowBlock matching the given index. More... | |
| FlowBlock * | createBlock (const string &name) |
| Create a FlowBlock of the named type. More... | |
Helper class for resolving cross-references while deserializing BlockGraph objects.
FlowBlock objects are serialized with their associated index value and edges are serialized with the indices of the FlowBlock end-points. During deserialization, this class maintains a list of FlowBlock objects sorted by index and then looks up the FlowBlock matching a given index as edges specify them.
| FlowBlock * BlockMap::createBlock | ( | const string & | name | ) |
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inline |


Coronaviruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the common cold (which is caused also by certain other viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Symptoms in other species vary: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea. There are as yet no vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.
Coronaviruses were first discovered in the 1930s when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens was shown to be caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
The researchers compared the new Coronavirus lifespan on surfaces to that of SARS virus in a 70 degree Fahrenheit room at 40% relative humidity.They live the longest on stainless steel and polypropylene .
The new coronavirus is a respiratory illness, which means it typically spreads via airborne droplets. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, droplets carrying viral particles can land on someone else's nose or mouth or get inhaled.


--- layout: page title: Zazu App ---
Zazu is an open source productivity app used by a handful of developers who wish to be more productive.
Unlike other solutions, there are no built in integrations, meaning you can swap out any plugin for another or roll your own.
Accepts some common equations for you to copy to your clipboard.
Remembers thing so you don't have to! Fuzzy search and browser all the things you've copied.
Find Applications or files deep in your file system.
Switch on your screen saver, lock your computer, and more!
Zazu is completely open, so build your plugins. You can get started building your plugin then head over and submit it to the packages gallery!


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL PRINCIPAL BENCH NEW DELHI ............... Original Application No.127/2013 And Original Application No. 155/2013 And Original Application No. 156/2013 And Original Application No. 120/2013 In the matters of: 1. Mrs. Ranjana Jetley R/o House No. 185, National Media Centre, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana 2. Mrs. Harsaran Bir Kaur Pandey R/o House No. 87, National Media Centre, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana 3. Mrs. Sudha Kumar R/o House No. 100, National Media Centre, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana 4. Mr. Sanjay Ahirwal R/o House No. 184, 1 National Media Centre, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana 5. Mr. Lavneet Gyani R/o House No. 65, National Media Centre, Gurgaon-122002 Haryana .....Applicants AND 1. Union of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest Through the Environment Secretary Government of India Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003 2. Central Pollution Control Board Through its Secretary Parivesh Bhawan, CBD-cum-Office Complex East Arjun Nagar, Delhi-110032 3. The State of Haryana Through the Chief Secretary, Having office at: 4th Floor, Haryana, Civil Secretariat, Sector-1, Chandigarh 4. Haryana State Pollution Control Board Through its Secretary C-11, Sector-6, Panchkula, Haryana 2 5. Haryana Urban Development Authority Through its Chairman HUDA Office Complex, C-3, Sector 6, Panchkula Haryana 6. Deputy Commissioner Gurgaon Division DC Office Gurgaon 7. Commissioner of Police, Gurgaon Police Commissionerate, Gurgaon, Haryana 8. DLF Limited Through its Managing Director, Having registered office at: Shopping Mall, 3rd Floor, Arjun Marg, DLF City Phase-I, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002 Also at DLF Centre, Sansad Marg, Connaught Place, New Delhi .....Respondents Counsel for Applicant: Mr. Chetan Chawla, Sr. Adv. Along with Ms. Megha Mehta Agarwal, Adv. 3 Mr. Rahul Choudhary, Adv. along with Ms. Richa Relhan, Adv. in Original Application No. 120/2013. Counsel for Respondents: Mr. Narender Hooda, Sr. Adv. , Mr. Vineet Malik, Adv. & Mr. D.P. Singh, Adv. for Respondent No. 1 & 2 in Original Application No. 120/2013 Ms. P. Batra Singh, Adv. and Mr. Salauddin Khan, Adv. for Respondent No. 1 in Original Application Nos. 127, 155, 156/2013 Mr. Rajkumar, Adv. for Respondent No. 2 Mr. Narender Hooda, Sr. Adv. with Mr. D.P. Singh, Adv. and Mr. Vineet Malik, Adv. for Respondent Nos. 3,4,6,7 & 10 Ms. Anubha Agrawal, Adv. with Mr. Ravneet Joshi and Mr. Pratham Devedi, Adv. for Respondent No. 5 Mr. Rajiv Nayar, Sr. Adv. and Mr. Karan Chopra, Adv., Ms. Deepti Sarin, Adv., Mr. Ishant Gaur, Adv. for Respondent No. 8 Mr. S. Nanda Kumar, Adv., Mr. Parivesh Singh & Mr. R. Satish Kumar, Adv., Mr. P. Dhayanand, Adv. for Respondent No. 9 4 JUDGMENT
PRESENT:
HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE DR. P. JYOTHIMANI (JUDICIAL MEMBER) HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE M.S. NAMBIAR (JUDICIAL MEMBER) HON'BLE DR. G.K. PANDEY (EXPERT MEMBER) HON'BLE PROF. A. R. YOUSUF (EXPERT MEMBER) Hon'ble Dr. G.K. Pandey (EM) Date: 1st, April, 2014 j
1. The above applications were filed in NGT against the proposed widening of sectoral roads involving cutting of number of trees in front of National Media Centre (NMC). The Project Proponents stated to be involved in the project are Haryana Development Authority (HUDA) and DLF Ltd. The main contention of the applicants is that there will be significant air and noise pollution problems due to movement of traffic in the area due to cutting of trees which were acting as a buffer and reducing noise & dust pollution. Incidentally, an email was received by NGT from Haryali Welfare Society addressed to the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Haryana and the Copy was sent to NGT raising the similar issues pertaining to the cutting of trees by DLF/HUDA, which was treated as an Application no. 120/2013. Regarding this Application No. 120/2013, NGT passed the order restraining the Respondents from cutting/felling or uprooting any tree on the site in 5 question on 2/08/2013. Besides these two applications, other two applications were registered i.e. Application No. 156/2013 filed by Mrs. Krishan Devi and Application No. 155/2013 filed by Mr. Rajpal Yadav & Ors. VS Union of India & Ors.
2. The applicants have mentioned that there have been violations of numerous environmental obligations by the Respondents in respect of road widening project in Gurgaon being undertaken by Respondent no. 8 (DLF) and Respondent no. 5 (HUDA). The applicants have stated in their applications that there is NH-8 passing close to the National Media Centre (hereinafter referred to as "NMC") which is a housing society in which the applicants are residing. The area of NMC is about 2 acres having 200 meters of length and 50 meters of width. The plot of 2 acres was stated to be owned by the society. However, when the licence was issued by the State of Haryana (Respondent No.3), it was mentioned that the said area shall be retained as green belt. According to the applicant, there were 111 trees of various species and sizes with 51 trees of above 20 feet height. The contention of the applicant is that respondent no. 8 (DLF) has obtained right on the said 2 acres of land to expand the slip road appurtenant to NH-8 into their own projects and properties which are next to the NMC. Even though the slip road is adjacent to National Highway but the 6 extension of the slip road is being done privately by Respondent no. 8 for its own private use and for the purpose of making value addition of its own properties. It is alleged by the Applicant that this project will increase value of DLF property but is being undertaken by HUDA in a 50:50 participation basis. The Applicants submit that in order to achieve the goal of expanding the slip road, the Respondent No. 8, is seeking to destroy the entire green belt and to achieve the said purpose is removing the trees from the said plot of land. The entire extended 8 lanes fall upon the 50 meters green belt and would thereby destroy all trees on the said green belt which acts as a buffer against vehicular pollution. It is averred that the destruction of green belt would expose the residents to severe and incessant pollution which is likely to cause respiratory diseases as well as cancer, with the elderly and children being more prone to the ill effects.
3. Another Applicant, Haryali Welfare Society through Application No. 120/2013, has submitted that maintaining of green belt is a part of Para 4.2 of the National Forest Policy, 1988, which provides that green belt should be raised in urban/industrial areas as well as in arid tracts. The policy also provides for modifying the laws wherever necessary to facilitate and motivate individual institution to undertake tree farming. Further, in Lafarge Umiam Mining (P) Ltd. v. Union of India (2011) 7 7 SCC 338, the Hon'ble Supreme Court has held that the principles/guidelines mentioned in the National Forest Policy, 1988 should be read as part of the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 read together with the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. According to the applicant there is no requirement of widening of road from 60 meters to 78 meters from NH-8 to Sector-55 & 56 in Gurgaon. Also an accusation has been made by the applicants that the land available for compensatory plantation or the type of trees which will be planted by the HUDA is doubtful and without looking at the availability of land with HUDA, the Forest Department simply granted permission for cutting down 1055 trees in April 2012 for the purpose of the widening of the aforementioned road. The counsel for the applicants has also raised the requirement of seeking EC under the EIA Notification 2006 for the said project of widening of sectoral road. Ld. Counsel for the applicant has, further, submitted that the said road widening project has been done in the green belt area and no new green belt areas are being developed and already existing green belt areas are being shown as the areas for compensatory plantation works indicating that we are losing the green belt area for developmental works but not adding any further areas to be compensated for the losses of the green belt. In addition, there is no disclosure of the location of 246 transplanted trees and 8 their status about survival and the Forest Department has not verified the same.
4. While hearing the applications, the NGT felt the need of directing vide its order dated 06/01/2014 to the State of Haryana to file a specific affidavit to the effect as to whether the disputed land forms part of the extent of 1,54,706 hectares of land which includes 12,527.94 hectares stated to have been declared as forest land by the Government of Haryana. In addition to that the Ld. Additional Advocate General under took to produce copy of the affidavits before NGT which were filed before the Hon'ble Supreme Court on earlier occasion. In a written statement of Sh. SR Jotriwal, Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF), Haryana, it has been submitted that the land in question is a green belt maintained by Haryana Urban Development Authority where avenue plantations were raised by HUDA on either side of the HUDA sector road connecting National Highway No. 8 to HUDA sector 55/56 of Gurgaon. The said green belt in question has never been treated or maintained in Government record as forest and is not a part of 1,54,706 hectares of land including 11513/12527.94 hectares of land notified under section 4 and 5 of The Punjab Land Preservation Act (PLPA), 1900 as mentioned in the affidavit dated 8/12/1996 filed by the PCCF, Haryana in the Hon'ble Supreme Court in civil writ petition number 171 of 1996 9 in the case titled Environmental Awareness Forum vs State of Jammu & Kashmir and others. It has further been submitted by the PCCF, Haryana that the Forest Department has no jurisdiction or control on the said land except for giving permission for felling of trees on the land in question. It is seen from the document submitted before NGT that HUDA had written to the Forest Department on 24/11/2011 and 25/11/2011 seeking permission for cutting of 1080 Nos. of trees including transplantation of trees in respect of the upgradation of 60 meter wide road adjacent to NH-8 in Sector 55-56, Gurgaon for which the work was awarded to M/s DLF Ltd. The Forest Department on 22 March 2012 has accorded permission for transplantation of 236 trees with certain conditions. The Forest Department also granted permission on 4/4/2012 for felling of 1055 trees under Section 4 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 with a condition that 10 times of the trees felled be planted at owners cost and preferably on owners land which will be monitored by the Forest Department. It also stated in its permission that out of 1055 trees, there are 246 trees falling in Misc. categories such as Eucalyptus, Poplar, etc. which are exempted and need no permission. A notification dated 28/11/1997 was brought out by the Forest Department which is valid for the period of 15 years from the date of its publication in the official gazette for 10 the specified areas that the cutting of trees or timber except Eucalyptus and Poplar or the collection or removal or subjection to any manufacturing process of any forest produce other than flower, fruit and honey, are allowed for bonafide domestic or agricultural purposes to the right holders in the land, provided that the owners of the land may sell trees or timber after obtaining permit to do so from the Forest Department. This notification was valid for 15 years from the date of its publication in the official gazette which has expired on 27/11/2012, and it is not known from the records available to us as to whether the notification/order dated 28/11/1997 has been further extended or not.
5. The horticultural division of HUDA of Gurgaon has intimated to the Range Forest Department, Gurgaon on 3/7/2013 that 11000 number of plants of various species have been planted/being planted by HUDA in the various sectors which include sector 9A Gurgaon, Sector 31, STP plant area in Gurgaon, Sector 90, 91, 92 in Gurgaon and Sector 53 in Gurgaon and photographs of afforestation were also submitted. It is seen from the photographs that mostly champa plants (smaller trees) have been planted which doesn't provide proper green cover and is of basically ornamental nature. As such, it may not serve the purpose of green belt which is expected to provide coverage at 3 levels i.e. Lower level, middle level and 11 upper level. In fact, this has been one of the contentions of the Ld. Counsel Mr. Rahul Choudhary for the Appellant No. 120/2013 that HUDA has mainly planted champa trees and such other species which do not provide proper green coverage to cover the 3 levels and the species planted can be cut without seeking permission from the Forest Department, thereby defeating the aims and objectives of the purpose of compensatory afforestation. The Ld. Counsel for the applicant Haryali Welfare Society also submitted that HUDA/DLF require EC for the road widening project and as the area under construction is more than 20,000 sq. meters, he felt that the provisions as given in the Schedule of the EIA notification, 2006 under 7(f) and 8(a) be read together and as such EC would be needed for the said project. He also emphasised that under the Forest Policy, it is necessary as per para 4.2 to maintain green belt in the urban areas, especially para 4.2.2 which reads as below:
"It is necessary to encourage the planting of trees alongside of roads, railway lines, rivers and streams and canals, and on other unutilised lands under State/corporate, institutional or private ownership. Green belts should be raised in urban/industrial areas as well as in arid tracks. Such a programme will help to check erosion and desertification as well as improve the microclimate." But 12 then the Forest Policy has not been statutorily recognised so as to make it enforceable.
6. Ld. Counsel Mr. Rahul Choudhary for the applicant has also argued that HUDA has not indicated any new areas where green belt will be provided as also the details of the plant species to be planted have not been given. Also, there is no averment made by the Forest Department with respect to the monitoring of the stipulated conditions which were provided by them during the time of according permission for cutting of various trees.
7. Mr. Rahul Choudhary, Ld. Adv. has also cited the NGT judgement dated 08/04/2013 passed in Application No. 15/13 (P.B. No. 13/2011 THC) in the matter of Association of Socio Environmental Assistance & Action Vs Union of India, wherein the need of raising green belt was emphasised and project proponent was directed to provide the same failing which the project proponent was made liable to pay a compensation of Rs. 5 crores.
8. Mr. Chetan Chawla, Ld. Senior Adv. for the appellant contended that it is HUDA and the State Government that are answering the issues raised during the hearing and the DLF did not answer/ reply to the arguments on merit in respect of environmental concerns raised. The provision of Section 14 of the NGT Act are applicable in this case as water table is diminishing in Gurgaon and the provisions of The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) 13 Act, 1981 are also attracted due to the said widening of sectoral road project which may lead to air pollution creating noise problems to the residents of the area due to movement of vehicles. He also submitted that the prevailing ambient noise levels in the area which were already on higher side may further go up.
9. The Counsel for the respondents have however refuted the contentions made by the advocate for the applicant and stated that the relevant issues are not covered in the Forest Conservation Act 1986 as forest land is not involved in cutting of the green belt as also the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 and EPA, 1986 are not attracted as no EC is required. However, the Advocate for the Applicant, disagreeing with the above submissions stated that India is signatory to a number of International Treaties and Conventions on environment and there are substantial questions of environment involved due to cutting of large number of trees and emissions of toxic gases from the vehicles which may have adverse effects on the residents of the area, especially on the NMC residents who are located in close proximity to the widening of sectoral road project. He vehemently opposed the project in question which he felt is against the protection provided to the citizens under the Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which states that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except through the procedure 14 established by law. Right to Life is one of the basic human right and not even the State has the authority to violate that right; Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra, JT 2010 (13) SC 247: (2010) 12 SCALE 691.
10. He, further, argued that about 150 trees have already been cut by DLF/HUDA and 75 trees are only left in the area in question. However, according to the Ld. Additional Advocate General, Haryana, only 26 trees are required to be cut. Mr. Chetan Chawla, Ld. Senior Adv. for the appellant further stated that urban areas should have green belt as per para 4.2 of the National Forest Policy 1988. He also cited Lafarge Case decided by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in I.A. NOs.1868, 2091, 2225-2227, 2380, 2568 AND 2937 IN WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) No. 202 OF 1995 highlighting the importance of green belt/cover and afforestation. He also cited NGT judgement on Goa Foundation in M.A. 49 of 2013 in Application No. 26 of 2012 regarding maintainability in terms of the provisions of the NGT Act. All cases where substantial question relating to environment and disputes are involved, they fall in the domain of NGT.
11. Mr. Narender Hooda, Ld. Sr. Adv. appearing for R-3, R- 4, R-6, R-7 and R-10, has stated that in the matter of T.N. Godavarman Thirumulkpad vs Union of India & Ors. on 12 December, 1996, the State Government has informed to the Hon'ble Apex Court that about 12,000 hectares of 15 land is forest land in Haryana. He clarified that the project in question does not fall under the category of the said forest land and as such the provisions of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980, are not attracted. He, further, informed that the project is not falling under the Aravalli Notification of MoEF and is about 20 Km. away from the Sultanpur National Park. The documents submitted by HUDA also indicate that the plants to be cut are not part of Aravalli Plantations. He, also stated that the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006, are also not applicable to the project in question as it does not fall under widening of the National Highways or State Highways. In fact the project in question involves the widening of the Slip/sectoral road and at best the project is covered under The Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900 and for cutting of trees proper permission was taken under Section 4 of The Punjab Land Preservation Act. In fact, Mr. Hooda, Sr. Adv. also raised the issue of maintainability of the application under Section 14 of the NGT Act as none of the Acts included under the Schedule given to the NGT Act, 2010 are involved in this case.
12. Ms. Anubha Agrawal, Adv. for R-5(HUDA) informed the court that no forest land is involved for the project site in question and the land in the disputed site falls in the category of the green belt which is out of the purview of the forest land. EC is also not required from MoEF for the 16 widening of the side/ sectoral roads and she categorically stated that the project in question is not an extension of the National Highway or the State Highway. Efforts have already been made to save maximum number of trees possible and the plants/trees have been cut or proposed to be cut to the bare minimum and after taking proper permission from the Forest Department. She, further, stated that the larger public interest is involved in the project in question and as such interest of individuals or small group of people may not be looked into as laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court. She also stated that the project in question is also out of the Aravalli Notification. Ld. Advocate for DLF has also expressed the similar views, akin to HUDA & State Govt's views on the disputed site in question.
13. From the above averments and documents placed before us, basically the following issues are required to be settled in respect of the project in question:-
1. Whether the land falling in the widening of the side/ sectoral road (project in question) is a forest land?
2. Whether required permission for cutting of trees was taken?
3. Whether the residents of the NMC will be affected due to the project in question?
4. Whether proper permission from environmental angle was obtained by the project proponent?
17
5. Whether afforestation work has been proposed/ undertaken in lieu of cutting of the trees at the site of the project in question?
14. Now we propose to address the above issues one by one.
Issue No: 1 It has been clearly stated by the Ld. Senior Counsel for Respondents- 3, 4, 6, 7 and 10 that the project site involving widening of the side road does not fall in the forest area as informed by the State Government to the Hon'ble Supreme Court. Even though, the land in question is basically impinging on the green belt which was raised by the State Government as side road plantations for the purpose of raising green belt. However, it can be put to other uses after taking the required permission, including permission for cutting of trees. The documents filed to show that the land in question does not fall in the forest land are quite clear. We hold no reason to that the land in question does not fall within the domain of the forest land and as such the provision of the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 are not attracted as has been categorically asserted by the Ld. Sr. Counsel of the State Government. The issue is answered accordingly. Issue No: 2 According to the project proponent all efforts were made to save the trees but certain trees which are coming on the 18 way of alignment/widening of the said road cannot be saved and are required to be cut (about 26 trees). He has stated that efforts have been made/will be made to transplant certain trees if it is feasible and for every tree cut at least 10 trees will be planted as per the permission obtained from the Forest Department. As permission has already been obtained from the competent authority, while answering the issue in favour of the respondents, we feel it necessary to issue suitable directions for compensatory afforestation.
Issue No: 3 It has been stated by the Ld. Counsel for Applicants that about 190 families are living for the last several years in NMC and a green cover of 50 m. wide and 200 m. in length existed which the project proponent started cutting and it was pointed out by the Ld. Counsel for Applicant that a number of trees have already been illegally cut. The project proponent mentioned that as per the revised plan only 26 trees will be required to be cut in front of the NMC in the land which belongs to the Government. No tree will be cut from the land belonging to the NMC which has considerable width of green belt in front of the project in question. Due to the widening of the slip road/ sectoral road proposed to be undertaken, it is expected that the same will result in smooth flow of traffic and as such the congestion and traffic jams will be taken care of. This 19 may result in containing air and noise pollution which would have otherwise been continued if no expansion or widening of the sectoral road have been taken due to the resultant congestion and slow movement of vehicles in the area in question.
Ambient noise levels encountered in the area are exceeding the residential area standards as per the report submitted by the Applicant which was measured on 05.02.2014 by Shri Ram Analytical Laboratory, Ghaziabad. Similarly, the report filed by HUDA on ambient noise levels indicated that the noise levels were found to exceed the prescribed standards. This report was got prepared by M/s. Perfact Researchers Pvt. Ltd. which is NABL accredited laboratory. In both the reports, the ambient noise levels in residential areas were found exceeding the prescribed threshold limits. Therefore, we feel that there is need to provide proper measures including acoustical barriers to reduce vehicular noise so as to minimise the adverse impact on the residents on NMC and other human settlements of the nearby areas. In view of this matter, we strongly feel that acoustic barriers must be provided to safeguard nearby residents from the noise pollution problems. In addition, wherever possible plantation work must be taken up in close proximity of the project in question as also in the other areas not very far from the said project. By this process the noise level 20 would be mitigated to the benefit of the residents. Issue answered accordingly.
Issue No: 4 From the various averments, documents and submissions made before us, it is quite clear that for the project in question EC is not required under the EIA notification 2006. Also no forest clearance is required under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980. The project is also far away from Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary (about 20 km) and the provision of Aravalli Notification brought by MOEF are also not attracted as the plants in question are not part of Aravalli Plantations as per the records submitted before us. However, permission is required to be taken from the Forest Department for the cutting of trees for which it was stated before us by the counsel for the respondents that no tree will be cut without taking proper permission and that afforestation work will be undertaken in lieu of the trees which are required to be removed as per the conditions stipulated by the regulatory authority. Issue answered accordingly.
Issue No. 5 It was stated by the Ld. Counsel appearing for the Applicants that HUDA has cut number of trees in different sectors and no proper afforestation work has been undertaken by the HUDA or other concerned departments which has resulted in considerable reduction of green 21 cover in Gurgaon. According to him, the green cover left in Gurgaon is only 3.8 per cent in the year 2010 and it might have gone further down due to massive urbanisation policy of HUDA. He, further, mentioned that 3.8 per cent green cover in Gurgaon is against the State Policy of having 20 per cent green cover which is even much shorter of the requirement of 33 per cent of green cover as per the National Forest Policy. Be that as it may, there are no two opinions that there is need to have more and more greenery in the urban areas where significant concretisation/number of building structures have come up in Gurgaon making it difficult for the residents to have fresh air to breath. We, therefore, call upon the Forest Department and HUDA to make it compulsory that environmental issues right from beginning at the project planning stage itself should become the necessary component of the project so that environmental and forestry issues are addressed early and become an integral part of the project.
The concept of sustainable development is to be considered in terms of the pressing requirement of expanding infrastructure pertaining to transport sector. Urban city roads/sectoral roads are required to be expanded in order to avoid congestion and traffic jams due to increased Vehicular population and are required to be addressed by increasing the supportive and assimilating 22 capacity of traffic movement in the area. While applying the concept of sustainable development, one has to keep in mind the "Principle of Proportionality" based on the concept of balance and there is a need to have trade-off between the development & environment. As such, we have to balance the priorities of development on the one hand and environmental problems on the other. So sustainable development should address the requirement of development that can be allowed and which can be sustained by environment with or without any significant adverse impacts, keeping in view the public interests rather than the interests of handful of persons or group of persons, according to a 'reasonable person's test'. NGT in its recent judgement in Appeal No. 12/2012 in the matter of M.P. Patil Vs. UOI & Ors. has stated as below:- "It has to be respectfully accepted as a proposition of law that individual interest or, for that matter, smaller public interest must yield to the larger public interest. To an extent, there is a right to development. However, even this right is not free of limitations and regulations. It is not an unfettered right so as to completely give a go by to the issues of environment. Development may be carried out to satisfy the need of a developing society but it has to be regulated so as to satisfy the requirement of preservation and nurturing of the natural recourses, which are the real assets of the society."
23
15. In the light of the above principles, we have to ensure that the widening of road project does not unduly affect the residents of nearby areas.
16. Traversing through the documents, affidavits, counter affidavits, and submissions made by the applicants and respondents and banking upon the Principles of Sustainable Development and recognising the need of the project in question which will serve the larger public interest by way of resulting in smoother flow of traffic, we are of the opinion that the project in question may be allowed subject to the environmental safeguard which would keep the likely adverse impacts to the bare minimum. We, therefore, feel that the following directions are required to be issued for implementation of the project without causing any significant adverse impacts on environment:-
1. Afforestation work- The project proponent must have a proper plan with time frame and financial commitment to undertake afforestation work according to the permission given by the Forest Department. Local plant species should be preferred involving smaller, medium and larger trees to be forming part of the green belt. The Forest Department must ensure that the project proponent implement the conditions so stipulated by them and the periodical check- up/verification be undertaken. In case it is found that the project proponent has done any violation with respect of 24 raising of green belt, a penalty upto Rs. 5 crore will be imposed on DLF/HUDA.
We direct HUDA to internalise environmental issues at the project planning stage and all efforts should be made to cut bare minimum number of trees and undertake massive afforestation works wherever possible in the urban areas. As was stated by Ld. Additional Advocate General, Haryana that not more than 26 trees will be cut in the area in question (in front of NMC) after re-orientation of alignment of sectoral road, we direct HUDA/DLF not to cut more than 26 trees in the project area. The Forest Department will supervise the cutting operation and maintain record. They shall submit a status report on the total number of trees cut at the project site along with the details of afforestation done by the Project Proponent within six months.
2. Noise Prevention- The project proponent should provide adequate and effective acoustic barrier in front of NMC and other nearby human settlements to avoid any noise pollution problems to the residents. Also, this stretch of land in question be declared as "No Honking Zone". The Haryana Pollution Control Board and Traffic Police through Superintendent of Police, Gurgaon, will ensure that such measures are provided and there is no violation of the noise standards as per the provision of The Air (Prevention and 25 Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
3. Internalisation of Environmental Issues- In order to internalise environmental issues at the planning stage of the projects, it will be desirable for DLF & HUDA to have an Environmental Adviser who would report to the top Executive, say Chairman or Managing Director so that environmental issues get addressed quickly by way of policy interventions and financial commitments at the initial stage of the projects.
The above directions shall be implemented pari passu with the construction work of the proposed project.
The applications are disposed of with the above directions. The concerned Departments shall submit compliance report within 6 months before the Registry.
Hon'ble Mr. Justice Dr. P. JYOTHIMANI Judicial Member Hon'ble Mr. Justice M.S. NAMBIAR Judicial Member Hon'ble Dr. G.K. Pandey Expert Member Hon'ble Prof. A. R. Yousuf Expert Member New Delhi 26


DocOnce Troubleshooting and FAQ¶
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