Installation
Install the Theme
There are several ways to install the theme:
1. For a new site, fork the Minimal Mistakes repo on GitHub. If you plan on hosting your site with GitHub Pages follow the steps outlined in the Quick-Start Guide.
2. For an existing site you have some more work ahead of you. What I suggest is to fork and rename the theme’s repo as before, then clone it locally by running git clone https://github.com/USERNAME/REPONAME.git
— replacing USERNAME and REPONAME with your own.
3. And for those who don’t want to mess with Git, you can download the theme as a ZIP file to work with locally.
Download Minimal Mistakes Theme
ProTip: Be sure to delete the gh-pages
branch if you forked Minimal Mistakes. This branch contains the documentation and demo site for the theme and you probably don’t want that showing up in your repo.
To move over any existing content you’ll want to copy the contents of your _posts
folder to the new site. Along with any pages, collections, data files, images, or other assets you may have.
Next you’ll need to convert posts and pages to use the proper layouts and settings. In most cases you simply need to update _config.yml
to your liking and set the correct layout
in their YAML Front Matter.
Front Matter defaults are your friend and I encourage you to leverage them instead of setting a layout and other global options in each post/page’s YAML Front Matter.
Posts can be configured to use the single
layout — with reading time, comments, social sharing links, and related posts enabled. Adding the following to _config.yml
will set these defaults for all posts:
defaults:
# _posts
- scope:
path: ""
type: posts
values:
layout: single
read_time: true
comments: true
share: true
related: true
Post/Page Settings: Be sure to read through the “Working with…” documentation to learn about all the options available to you. The theme has been designed to be flexible — with numerous settings for each.
Install Dependencies
If this is your first time using Jekyll be sure to read through the official documentation before jumping in. This guide assumes you have Ruby v2 installed and a basic understanding of how Jekyll works.
To keep your sanity and better manage dependencies I strongly urge you to install Bundler with gem install bundler
and use the included Gemfile
. The theme’s Gemfile includes the github-pages
gem to maintain a local Jekyll environment in sync with GitHub Pages.
If you’re not planning to host with GitHub Pages and want to leverage features found in the latest version of Jekyll, uncomment the gem "jekyll"
line in your Gemfile
. In either case run the following:
$ bundle install
Note: The GitHub Pages gem installs additional dependencies that may need to be added to your Gemfile
if you decide to remove the gem "github-pages"
.
Depending on what gems you already have installed you may have to run bundle update
to clear up any dependency issues. Bundler is usually pretty good at letting you know what gems need updating or have issues installing, to further investigate.
When using Bundler to manage gems you’ll want to run Jekyll using bundle exec jekyll serve
and bundle exec jekyll build
.
Doing so executes the gem versions specified in Gemfile.lock
. Sure you can test your luck with a naked jekyll serve
, but I wouldn’t suggest it. A lot of Jekyll errors originate from outdated or conflicting gems fighting with each other.


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|
Light Board
1
Led strip controller based on jump heights
|
Light board class used to control the leds on the board. More...
#include <light_board.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| light_board (led_strip &strip, HCSR04 &height_sensor, ADXL335 &accelerometer) | |
| Constructor Initializes the led strip and height sensor. More... | |
| void | update () |
| Update method that does all the logic Basing the lighting of the current mode (idle, riding, jumping) Calculating the current height and updating and sorting highscores. | |
| void | set_height_range (uint8_t min, uint8_t max) |
| A method that give the ability of changing the min and max jumpheight limits. More... | |
| Color | get_score_color (int score) |
| Simple helper method that returns a color based on a given highscore. More... | |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | idle_lights () |
| Simple method that starts the idle light animation. | |
| void | jump_lights (int distance) |
| Simple method that shows the jumping light animation based on height. | |
| void | riding_lights () |
| Simple method that shows the last highscore in colored lights. | |
Private Attributes | |
| led_strip | strip |
| Led strip class to be used on the light board. | |
| ADXL335 | accelerometer |
| Accelerometer class that is currently not used. | |
| HCSR04 | height_sensor |
| The height sensor that will track the height of your jumps. | |
| highscore_controller | highscores |
| Highscore controller that will keep track of the highscores. | |
| bool | jump_started = false |
| Simple flag to check if the jump has been started. | |
| long long int | jump_time |
| Simple variable to keep track of the jump time. | |
| int | current_jump_height |
| Simple variable to keep track of the current jump height. | |
| bool | peak_reached = false |
| Simple flag to keep track if the peak of the jump has been reached. | |
| int | last_jump = 0 |
| Keeps track of the last jumpheight. | |
| uint8_t | min_jump_height = MIN_JUMP_HEIGHT |
| Minimum achievable jump height. | |
| uint8_t | max_jump_height = MAX_JUMP_HEIGHT |
| Maxium achievable jump height. | |
Light board class used to control the leds on the board.
This class gives the ability of using a led strip and a HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor. Based on the ultrasonic sensor value the led strip will illuminate in different colors. The lights are based on 3 modes - idle, jumping, riding Idle = if the board is upside down staring into the sky this will make the leds light up in a kitt like manner Jumping = If the board is in the air (jumping) it will show a red glow with brightness based on the height Riding = If you're cruising around on the board it will display your latest highscore
Definition at line 21 of file light_board.h.
Constructor Initializes the led strip and height sensor.
| strip | an instance of a led strip |
| height_sensor | an instance of HCSR04 |
| accelerometer | an instance of ADXL335 |
Definition at line 8 of file light_board.cpp.
| Color light_board::get_score_color | ( | int | score | ) |
Simple helper method that returns a color based on a given highscore.
| score | value of the score you want a color based on |
Definition at line 121 of file light_board.cpp.
| void light_board::set_height_range | ( | uint8_t | min, |
| uint8_t | max | ||
| ) |
A method that give the ability of changing the min and max jumpheight limits.
| min | the new minimum jump height |
| max | the new maximum jump height |
Definition at line 47 of file light_board.cpp.


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Wiki ▸ [[API Reference]] ▸ [[SVG]] ▸ SVG Shapes
| SVG has a number of built-in simple shapes, such as axis-aligned rectangles and circles. For greater flexibility, you can use SVG’s [[path | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathElement]] element in conjunction with D3’s path data generators. If you’re familiar with Protovis, you’ll note that D3’s path generators are similar to Protovis marks. |
A shape generator, such as that returned by d3.svg.arc, is both an object and a function. That is: you can call the shape like any other function, and the shape has additional methods that change its behavior. Like other classes in D3, shapes follow the method chaining pattern where setter methods return the shape itself, allowing multiple setters to be invoked in a concise statement.
| All SVG shapes can be transformed using the [[transform | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/coords.html#TransformAttribute]] attribute. You can apply the transform either to the shape directly, or to a containing [[g | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/struct.html#Groups]] element. Thus, when a shape is defined as “axis-aligned”, that merely means axis-aligned within the local coordinate system; you can still rotate and otherwise transform the shape. Shapes can be filled and stroked using the [[fill | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/painting.html#FillProperties]] and [[stroke | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/painting.html#StrokeProperties]] styles. (You can also use the attributes of the same name, but styles are recommended as they are compatible with external stylesheets.) |
# svg:rect x=”0” y=”0” width=”0” height=”0” rx=”0” ry=”0”
| The [[rect | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#RectElement]] element defines an axis-aligned rectangle. The top-left corner of the rectangle is positioned using the x and y attributes, while its size is specified using width and height. A rounded rectangle can be produced using the optional rx and ry attributes. |
# svg:circle cx=”0” cy=”0” r=”0”
| The [[circle | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#CircleElement]] element defines a circle based on a center point and a radius. The center is positioned using the cx and cy attributes, while the radius is specified using the r attribute. |
# svg:ellipse cx=”0” cy=”0” rx=”0” ry=”0”
| The [[ellipse | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#EllipseElement]] element defines an axis-aligned ellipse based on a center point and two radii. The center is positioned using the cx and cy attributes, while the radii are specified using the rx and ry attributes. |
# svg:line x1=”0” y1=”0” x2=”0” y2=”0”
| The [[line | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#LineElement]] element defines a line segment that starts at one point and ends at another. The first point is specified using the x1 and y1 attributes, while the second point is specified using the x2 and y2 attributes. The line element is a popular choice for drawing rules, reference lines, axes and tick marks. |
# svg:polyline points=””
| The [[polyline | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#PolylineElement]] element defines a set of connected straight line segments. Typically, polyline elements define open shapes. The points that make up the polyline are specified using the points attribute. Note: in D3, it is typically more convenient and flexible to use the d3.svg.line path generator in conjunction with a path element. |
# svg:polygon points=””
| The [[polygon | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/shapes.html#PolygonElement]] element defines a closed shape consisting of a set of connected straight line segments. The points that make up the polygon are specified using the points attribute. Note: in D3, it is typically more convenient and flexible to use the d3.svg.line path generator in conjunction with a path element. The line can be closed using the [[closepath | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathDataClosePathCommand]] “Z” command. |
# svg:text x=”0” y=”0” dx=”0” dy=”0” text-anchor=”start”
| The [[text | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/text.html#TextElement]] element defines a graphics element consisting of text. The text content of the text element (see the [[text | Selections#text]] operator) define the characters to be rendered. The anchor position of the text element is controlled using the x and y attributes; additionally, the text can be offset from the anchor using dx and dy attributes. This offset is particularly convenient for controlling the text margin and baseline, as you can use “em” units which are relative to the font size. The horizontal text alignment is controlling using the text-anchor attribute. Here are a few examples: |
xml
<svg:text text-anchor="start">left-align, bottom-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text text-anchor="middle">center-align, bottom-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text text-anchor="end">right-align, bottom-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".35em" text-anchor="start">left-align, middle-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".35em" text-anchor="middle">center-align, middle-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".35em" text-anchor="end">right-align, middle-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".71em" text-anchor="start">left-align, top-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".71em" text-anchor="middle">center-align, top-baseline</svg:text>
<svg:text dy=".71em" text-anchor="end">right-align, top-baseline</svg:text>
| It’s possible that there is a better way to specify the text baseline using SVG’s [[baseline alignment properties | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/text.html#BaselineAlignmentProperties]], but these don’t seem to be widely supported by browsers. Lastly, the font color is typically specified using the fill style (you can also use stroke), and the font is controlled using the font, font-family, font-size and related styles. Some browsers also support CSS3 properties, such as text-shadow. |
# svg:path d=”” transform=””
| The [[path | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathElement]] element represents the outline of a shape which can be filled, stroked, used as a clipping path, or any combination of the three. The d attribute defines the path data, which is a [[mini-language | http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathData]] of path commands, such as moveto (M), lineto (L) and closepath (Z). The path element is a generalization of all other shapes in SVG, and can be used to draw nearly anything! |
| To simplify the construction of the d attribute for path elements, D3 includes a number of helper classes for generating path data. If you’re familiar with [[Protovis | http://vis.stanford.edu/protovis/]], you’ll find that these path generators are similar to Protovis mark types: each generator is a function of data. So, if your data is a sequence of xy coordinates, you can define accessor functions that the path generators use to produce path data. For example, you might define a line generator: |
javascript
var line = d3.svg.line()
.x(function(d) { return d.x; })
.y(function(d) { return d.y; })
.interpolate("basis");
Then later on, you can use this function to set the d attribute:
javascript
g.append("path")
.attr("d", line);
Whatever data is bound to g
(in this example) will be passed to the line
instance. Thus, the data must be specified as an array. For every element in the data array, the x- and y-accessor functions are used to pull out the control point coordinates.
A path generator, such as that returned by d3.svg.line, is both an object and a function. That is: you can call the generator like any other function, and the generator has additional methods that change its behavior. Like other classes in D3, path generators follow the method chaining pattern where setter methods return the generator itself, allowing multiple setters to be invoked in a concise statement.
# d3.svg.line()
Constructs a new line generator with the default x- and y-accessor functions (that assume the input data is a two-element array of numbers; see below for details), and linear interpolation. The returned function generates path data for an open piecewise linear curve, or polyline, as in a line chart:
By changing the interpolation, you can also generate splines and step functions. Also, don’t be afraid to tack on additional path commands at the end. For example, if you want to generate a closed path, append a closepath (Z) command:
javascript
g.append("path")
.attr("d", function(d) { return line(d) + "Z"; });
The line generator is designed to work in conjunction with the area generator. For example, when producing an area chart, you might use an area generator with a fill style, and a line generator with a stroke style to emphasize the top edge of the area. Since the line generator is only used to set the d attribute, you can control the appearance of the line using standard SVG styles and attributes, such as fill, stroke and stroke-width.
# line(data)
Returns the path data string for the specified array of data elements, or null if the path is empty.
# line.x([x])
If x is specified, sets the x-accessor to the specified function or constant. If x is not specified, returns the current x-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the line generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function x(d) {
return d[0];
}
| Typically, an x-accessor is specified because the input data is in a different format, or because you want to apply a [[scale | Quantitative Scales]]. For example, if your data is specified as an object with x and y attributes, rather than a tuple, you might dereference these attributes and apply the scales simultaneously: |
```javascript var x = d3.scale.linear().range([0, w]), y = d3.scale.linear().range([h, 0]);
var line = d3.svg.line() .x(function(d) { return x(d.x); }) .y(function(d) { return y(d.y); }); ```
| The x-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The this context of the function is the current element in the selection. (Technically, the same this context that invokes the line function; however, in the common case that the line generator is passed to the [[attr | Selections#attr]] operator, the this context will be the associated DOM element.) The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). In this context, the index is the index into the array of control points, rather than the index of the current element in the selection. The x-accessor is invoked exactly once per datum, in the order specified by the data array. Thus, it is possible to specify a nondeterministic accessor, such as a random number generator. It is also possible to specify the x-accessor as a constant rather than a function, in which case all points will have the same x-coordinate. |
# line.y([y])
If y is specified, sets the y-accessor to the specified function or constant. If y is not specified, returns the current y-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the line generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function y(d) {
return d[1];
}
For an example of how to specify a y-accessor, see the similar x accessor. Note that, like most other graphics libraries, SVG uses the top-left corner as the origin and thus higher values of y are lower on the screen. For visualization we often want the origin in the bottom-left corner instead; one easy way to accomplish this is to invert the range of the y-scale by using range([h, 0]) instead of range([0, h]).
# line.interpolate([interpolate])
If interpolate is specified, sets the interpolation mode to the specified string or function. If interpolate is not specified, returns the current interpolation mode. The following named interpolation modes are supported:
The behavior of some of these interpolation modes may be further customized by specifying a tension.
If interpolate is a function, then this function will be invoked to convert an array of points of the form [[x0, y0], [x1, y1], …], returning an SVG path data string that will be used to display the line. The “M” at the start of the string is implied and should not be returned. For example, linear interpolation is implemented as:
js
function interpolateLinear(points) {
return points.join("L");
}
This is equivalent to (and more efficient than):
js
function interpolateLinear(points) {
var path = "";
for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
if (i) path += "L";
path += points[i][0] + "," + points[i][1];
}
return path;
}
See bl.ocks.org/3310323 for another example of custom line interpolation.
# line.tension([tension])
If tension is specified, sets the Cardinal spline interpolation tension to the specified number in the range [0, 1]. If tension is not specified, returns the current tension. The tension only affects the Cardinal interpolation modes: cardinal, cardinal-open and cardinal-closed. The default tension is 0.7. In some sense, this can be interpreted as the length of the tangent; 1 will yield all zero tangents, and 0 yields a Catmull-Rom spline.
Note that the tension must be specified as a constant, rather than a function, as it is constant for the entirety of the line. However, it is still possible to generate multiple lines with different tensions using the same generator. For example:
javascript
svg.selectAll("path")
.data([0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1])
.enter().append("path")
.attr("d", function(d) { return line.tension(d)(data); });
In this example (see the live version), the tension is set before each invocation of the line generator, thus resulting in lines with the same data but different paths.
# line.defined([defined])
Gets or sets the accessor function that controls where the line is defined. If defined is specified, sets the new accessor function and returns the line. If defined is not specified, returns the current accessor which defaults to function() { return true; }
. The defined accessor can be used to define where the line is defined and undefined, which is typically useful in conjunction with missing data; the generated path data will automatically be broken into multiple distinct subpaths, skipping undefined data. For example, if you want to ignore y-values that are not a number (or undefined), you can say:
js
line.defined(function(d) { return !isNaN(d[1]); });
# d3.svg.line.radial()
Constructs a new radial line generator with the default radius- and angle-accessor functions (that assume the input data is a two-element array of numbers; see below for details), and linear interpolation. The returned function generates path data for an open piecewise linear curve, or polyline, as with the Cartesian line generator.
# line(data)
Returns the path data string for the specified array of data elements.
# line.radius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the radius-accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current radius-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the line generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function radius(d) {
return d[0];
}
This method is a transformation of the Cartesian line.x method.
# line.angle([angle])
If angle is specified, sets the angle-accessor to the specified function or constant in radians. If angle is not specified, returns the current angle-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the line generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function angle(d) {
return d[1];
}
This method is a transformation of the Cartesian line.y method.
# line.interpolate([interpolate])
See the Cartesian line.interpolate method. The interpolation occurs after projecting to Cartesian space.
# line.tension([tension])
See the Cartesian line.tension method. The interpolation occurs after projecting to Cartesian space.
# line.defined([defined])
See the Cartesian line.defined method.
# d3.svg.area()
Constructs a new area generator with the default x-, y0- and y1-accessor functions (that assume the input data is a two-element array of numbers; see below for details), and linear interpolation. The returned function generates path data for a closed piecewise linear curve, or polygon, as in an area chart:
Conceptually, the polygon is formed using two lines: the top line is formed using the x- and y1-accessor functions, and proceeds from left-to-right; the bottom line is added to this line, using the x- and y0-accessor functions, and proceeds from right-to-left. By setting the transform attribute to rotate the path element by 90 degrees, you can also generate vertical areas. By changing the interpolation, you can also generate splines and step functions.
The area generator is designed to work in conjunction with the line generator. For example, when producing an area chart, you might use an area generator with a fill style, and a line generator with a stroke style to emphasize the top edge of the area. Since the area generator is only used to set the d attribute, you can control the appearance of the area using standard SVG styles and attributes, such as fill.
To create streamgraphs (stacked area charts), use the stack layout. This layout sets the y0 attribute for each value in a series, which can be used from the y0- and y1-accessors. Note that each series must have the same number of values per series, and each value must have the same x-coordinate; if you have missing data or inconsistent x-coordinates per series, you must resample and interpolate your data before computing the stacked layout.
# area(data)
Returns the path data string for the specified array of data elements, or null if the path is empty.
# area.x([x])
If x is specified, sets the x-accessor to the specified function or constant. If x is not specified, returns the current x-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the area generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function x(d) {
return d[0];
}
| Typically, an x-accessor is specified because the input data is in a different format, or because you want to apply a [[scale | Quantitative Scales]]. For example, if your data is specified as an object with x and y attributes, rather than a tuple, you might dereference these attributes and apply the scales simultaneously: |
```javascript var x = d3.scale.linear().range([0, w]), y = d3.scale.linear().range([h, 0]);
var area = d3.svg.area() .x(function(d) { return x(d.x); }) .y0(h) .y1(function(d) { return y(d.y); }); ```
| The x-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The this context of the function is the current element in the selection. (Technically, the same this context that invokes the area function; however, in the common case that the area generator is passed to the [[attr | Selections#attr]] operator, the this context will be the associated DOM element.) The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). In this context, the index is the index into the array of control points, rather than the index of the current element in the selection. The x-accessor is invoked exactly once per datum, in the order specified by the data array. Thus, it is possible to specify a non-deterministic accessor, such as a random number generator. It is also possible to specify the x-accessor as a constant rather than a function, in which case all points will have the same x-coordinate. |
# area.x0([x0])
…
# area.x1([x1])
…
# area.y([y])
…
# area.y0([y0])
If y0 is specified, sets the y0-accessor to the specified function or constant. If y0 is not specified, returns the current y0-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the area generator. The default accessor is the constant zero, thus using a fixed baseline at y = 0. For an example of how to specify a y0-accessor, see the similar x accessor.
# area.y1([y1])
If y1 is specified, sets the y1-accessor to the specified function or constant. If y1 is not specified, returns the current y1-accessor. This accessor is invoked for each element in the data array passed to the area generator. The default accessor assumes that each input element is a two-element array of numbers:
javascript
function y1(d) {
return d[1];
}
For an example of how to specify a y1-accessor, see the similar x accessor. Note that, like most other graphics libraries, SVG uses the top-left corner as the origin and thus higher values of y are lower on the screen. For visualization we often want the origin in the bottom-left corner instead; one easy way to accomplish this is to invert the range of the y-scale by using range([h, 0]) instead of range([0, h]).
# area.interpolate([interpolate])
If interpolate is specified, sets the interpolation mode to the specified string or function. If interpolate is not specified, returns the current interpolation mode. The following named modes are supported:
The behavior of some of these interpolation modes may be further customized by specifying a tension. Technically, the basis-closed and cardinal-closed interpolation modes are also supported, but these make more sense in the context of a line rather than an area.
If interpolate is a function, then this function will be invoked to convert an array of points of the form [[x0, y0], [x1, y1], …], returning an SVG path data string that will be used to display the area. The “M” at the start of the string is implied and should not be returned. For example, linear interpolation is implemented as:
js
function interpolateLinear(points) {
return points.join("L");
}
This is equivalent to (and more efficient than):
js
function interpolateLinear(points) {
var path = "";
for (var i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
if (i) path += "L";
path += points[i][0] + "," + points[i][1];
}
return path;
}
See bl.ocks.org/3310323 for another example of custom interpolation.
# area.tension([tension])
If tension is specified, sets the Cardinal spline interpolation tension to the specified number in the range [0, 1]. If tension is not specified, returns the current tension. The tension only affects the Cardinal interpolation modes: cardinal, cardinal-open and cardinal-closed. The default tension is 0.7. In some sense, this can be interpreted as the length of the tangent; 1 will yield all zero tangents, and 0 yields a Catmull-Rom spline. Note that the tension must be specified as a constant, rather than a function, as it is constant for the entirety of the area.
# area.defined([defined])
Gets or sets the accessor function that controls where the area is defined. If defined is specified, sets the new accessor function and returns the area. If defined is not specified, returns the current accessor which defaults to function() { return true; }
. The defined accessor can be used to define where the area is defined and undefined, which is typically useful in conjunction with missing data; the generated path data will automatically be broken into multiple distinct subpaths, skipping undefined data. For example, if you want to ignore y-values that are not a number (or undefined), you can say:
js
area.defined(function(d) { return !isNaN(d[1]); });
# d3.svg.area.radial()
…
# area(data)
Returns the path data string for the specified array of data elements.
# area.radius([radius])
…
# area.innerRadius([radius])
…
# area.innerRadius([radius])
…
# area.angle([angle])
…
# area.startAngle([angle])
…
# area.endAngle([angle])
…
# d3.svg.arc()
Constructs a new arc generator with the default inner radius, outer radius, start angle and end angle accessor functions (that assume the input data is an object with named attributes matching the accessors; see below for details). While the default accessors assume that the arc dimensions are all specified dynamically, it is very common to set one or more of the dimensions as a constant, such as setting the inner radius to zero for a pie chart. The returned function generates path data for a closed solid arc, as in a pie or donut chart:
In fact, four forms are possible: a circle (when the inner radius is zero and the angular span is greater than or equal to 2π), a circular sector (when the inner radius is zero and the angular span is less than 2π), an annulus (when the inner radius is non-zero and the angular span is greater than or equal to 2π), and an annular sector (when the inner radius is non-zero and the angular span is less than 2π).
# arc(datum[, index])
Returns the path data string for the specified datum. An optional index may be specified, which is passed through to the arc’s accessor functions.
# arc.innerRadius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the inner radius accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current inner radius accessor, which defaults to:
javascript
function innerRadius(d) {
return d.innerRadius;
}
The arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function. An inner radius accessor function is useful for handling data in a different format or for applying a quantitative scale to encode data. A constant inner radius may be used to create a standard pie or donut chart.
# arc.outerRadius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the outer radius accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current outer radius accessor, which defaults to:
javascript
function outerRadius(d) {
return d.outerRadius;
}
The arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function. An outer radius accessor function is useful for handling data in a different format or for applying a quantitative scale to encode data. A constant outer radius may be used to create a standard pie or donut chart.
# arc.cornerRadius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the corner radius accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current outer radius accessor, which defaults to zero. Although a constant corner radius is typically used, the corner radius may also be specified as a function. The arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function.
# arc.padRadius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the pad radius accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current pad radius accessor, which defaults to “auto”. The “auto” pad radius method computes the pad radius based on the previously-computed inner and outer as:
javascript
function padRadius(innerRadius, outerRadius) {
return Math.sqrt(innerRadius * innerRadius + outerRadius * outerRadius);
}
This implementation is designed to preserve the approximate relative area of arcs in conjunction with pie.padAngle.
The pad radius is the radius at which the pad angle is applied: the nominal padding distance between parallel edges of adjacent arcs is defined as padRadius * padAngle. (The padding distance may be smaller if the inner radius is small relative to the pad angle.) The pad radius typically does not need to be changed from “auto”, but can be useful to ensure parallel edges between arcs with differing inner or outer radii, as when extending an arc on hover.
If the pad radius is specified as an accessor function, the arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function.
# arc.startAngle([angle])
If angle is specified, sets the start angle accessor to the specified function or constant. If angle is not specified, returns the current start angle accessor, which defaults to:
javascript
function startAngle(d) {
return d.startAngle;
}
Angles are specified in radians; 0 corresponds to 12 o’clock (negative y) and proceeds clockwise, repeating at 2π. If the start angle is specified as an accessor function, the arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function.
For constructing pie or donut charts, you will need to compute the start angle of each arc as the end angle of the previous arc. This can be done conveniently using the pie layout, which takes an array of input data and returns arc objects with startAngle
and endAngle
attributes compatible with the default arc accessors.
# arc.endAngle([angle])
If angle is specified, sets the end angle accessor to the specified function or constant. If angle is not specified, returns the current end angle accessor, which defaults to:
javascript
function endAngle(d) {
return d.endAngle;
}
Angles are specified in radians; 0 corresponds to 12 o’clock (negative y) and proceeds clockwise, repeating at 2π. If the end angle is specified as an accessor function, the arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function.
For constructing pie or donut charts, you will need to compute the end angle of each arc as appropriate. This can be done conveniently using the pie layout, which takes an array of input data and returns arc objects with startAngle
and endAngle
attributes compatible with the default arc accessors.
# arc.padAngle([angle])
If angle is specified, sets the pad angle accessor to the specified function or constant. If angle is not specified, returns the current pad angle accessor, which defaults to:
javascript
function padAngle(d) {
return d.padAngle;
}
Angles are specified in radians. If the pad angle is specified as an accessor function, the arc generator arguments (typically d
and i
) and context (this
) are passed through to the accessor function.
Although the pad angle can be specified as a constant, it is preferable to use the default pad angle accessor and instead use pie.padAngle to compute the appropriate pad angle, and to recompute the start and end angles of each arc so as to preserve approximate relative areas.
# arc.centroid(arguments…)
Computes the centroid of the arc that would be generated from the specified input arguments; typically, the arguments are the current datum (d), and optionally the current index (i). The centroid is defined as the midpoint in polar coordinates of the inner and outer radius, and the start and end angle. This provides a convenient location for arc labels. For example:
javascript
arcs.append("text")
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + arc.centroid(d) + ")"; })
.attr("dy", ".35em")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.text(function(d) { return d.value; });
Alternatively, you can use SVG’s transform attribute to rotate text into position, though you may need to convert radians back into degrees. Yet another possibility is to use a textPath element to curve the label along the path of the arc!
# d3.svg.symbol()
Constructs a new symbol generator with the default type- and size-accessor functions (that make no assumptions about input data, and produce a circle sized 64 square pixels; see below for details). While the default accessors generate static symbols, it is common to set one or more of the accessors using a function, such as setting the size proportional to a dimension of data for a scatterplot. The returned function generates path data for various symbols, as in a dot plot:
Note that the symbol does not include accessors for x and y. Instead, you can use the path element’s transform attribute to position the symbols, as in:
javascript
vis.selectAll("path")
.data(data)
.enter().append("path")
.attr("transform", function(d) { return "translate(" + x(d.x) + "," + y(d.y) + ")"; })
.attr("d", d3.svg.symbol());
In the future, we may add x- and y-accessors for parity with the line and area generators. The symbol will be centered at the origin (0,0) of the local coordinate system. You can also use SVG’s built-in basic shapes to produce many of these symbol types, though D3’s symbol generator is useful in conjunction with path elements because you can easily change the symbol type and size as a function of data.
# symbol(datum[, index])
Returns the path data string for the specified datum. An optional index may be specified, which is passed through to the symbol’s accessor functions.
# symbol.type([type])
If type is specified, sets the type-accessor to the specified function or constant. If type is not specified, returns the current type-accessor. The default accessor is the constant “circle”, and the following types are supported:
Types are normalized to have the same area in square pixels, according to the specified size. However, note that different types’ sizes may be affected by the stroke and stroke width in different ways. All of the types are designed to be visible when only a fill style is used (unlike the Protovis cross), although they generally look better when both a fill and stroke is used.
| The type-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The this context of the function is the current element in the selection. (Technically, the same this context that invokes the arc function; however, in the common case that the symbol generator is passed to the [[attr | Selections#attr]] operator, the this context will be the associated DOM element.) The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the type-accessor as a constant rather than a function. |
# symbol.size([size])
If size is specified, sets the size-accessor to the specified function or constant in square pixels. If size is not specified, returns the current size-accessor. The default is 64. This accessor is invoked on the argument passed to the symbol generator. Typically, a size-accessor is specified as a function when you want the size of the symbol to encode a quantitative dimension of data, or a constant it you simply want to make all the dots bigger or smaller. If you want to specify a radius rather than the size, you must do so indirectly, for example using a pow scale with exponent 2.
# d3.svg.symbolTypes
The array of supported symbol types.
# d3.svg.chord()
Constructs a new chord generator with the default accessor functions (that assume the input data is an object with named attributes matching the accessors; see below for details). While the default accessors assume that the chord dimensions are all specified dynamically, it is very common to set one or more of the dimensions as a constant, such as the radius. The returned function generates path data for a closed shape connecting two arcs with quadratic Bézier curves, as in a chord diagram:
A chord generator is often used in conjunction with an arc generator, so as to draw annular segments at the start and end of the chords. In addition, the chord layout is useful for generating objects that describe a set of grouped chords from a matrix, compatible with the default accessors.
# chord(datum[, index])
Returns the path data string for the specified datum. An optional index may be specified, which is passed through to the chord’s accessor functions.
# chord.source([source])
If source is specified, sets the source-accessor to the specified function or constant. If source is not specified, returns the current source-accessor. The purpose of the source accessor is to return an object that describes the starting arc of the chord. The returned object is subsequently passed to the radius, startAngle and endAngle accessors. This allows these other accessors to be reused for both the source and target arc descriptions. The default accessor assumes that the input data is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function source(d) {
return d.source;
}
| The source-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The this context of the function is the current element in the selection. (Technically, the same this context that invokes the arc function; however, in the common case that the symbol generator is passed to the [[attr | Selections#attr]] operator, the this context will be the associated DOM element.) The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the source-accessor as a constant rather than a function. |
# chord.target([target])
If target is specified, sets the target-accessor to the specified function or constant. If target is not specified, returns the current target-accessor. The purpose of the target accessor is to return an object that describes the ending arc of the chord. The returned object is subsequently passed to the radius, startAngle and endAngle accessors. This allows these other accessors to be reused for both the source and target arc descriptions. The default accessor assumes that the input data is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function target(d) {
return d.target;
}
The target-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the target-accessor as a constant rather than a function.
# chord.radius([radius])
If radius is specified, sets the radius-accessor to the specified function or constant. If radius is not specified, returns the current radius-accessor. The default accessor assumes that the input source or target description is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function radius(d) {
return d.radius;
}
The radius-accessor is invoked in a similar manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current source description (derived from the current datum, d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the radius-accessor as a constant rather than a function.
# chord.startAngle([angle])
If startAngle is specified, sets the startAngle-accessor to the specified function or constant. If startAngle is not specified, returns the current startAngle-accessor. Angles are specified in radians; 0 corresponds to 12 o’clock (negative y) and proceeds clockwise, repeating at 2π. The default accessor assumes that the input source or target description is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function startAngle(d) {
return d.startAngle;
}
The startAngle-accessor is invoked in a similar manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current source or target description (derived from the current datum, d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the startAngle-accessor as a constant rather than a function.
# chord.endAngle([angle])
If endAngle is specified, sets the endAngle-accessor to the specified function or constant. If endAngle is not specified, returns the current endAngle-accessor. Angles are specified in radians; 0 corresponds to 12 o’clock (negative y) and proceeds clockwise, repeating at 2π. The default accessor assumes that the input source or target description is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function endAngle(d) {
return d.endAngle;
}
The endAngle-accessor is invoked in a similar manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current source or target description (derived from the current datum, d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the endAngle-accessor as a constant rather than a function.
# d3.svg.diagonal()
Constructs a new diagonal generator with the default accessor functions (that assume the input data is an object with named attributes matching the accessors; see below for details). The returned function generates the path data for a cubic Bézier connecting the source and target points; the tangents are specified to produce smooth fan-in and fan-out when connecting nodes, as in a node-link diagram:
Although diagonals default to Cartesian (axis-aligned) orientations, they can be used in radial and other orientations using a projection.
# diagonal(datum[, index])
Returns the path data string for the specified datum. An optional index may be specified, which is passed through to the diagonal’s accessor functions.
# diagonal.source([source])
If source is specified, sets the source-accessor to the specified function or constant. If source is not specified, returns the current source-accessor. The purpose of the source accessor is to return an object of the form {x, y}
that describes the starting point of the diagonal. (The returned object is subsequently passed to the projection.) The default accessor assumes that the input data is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function source(d) {
return d.source;
}
| The source-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The this context of the function is the current element in the selection. (Technically, the same this context that invokes the diagonal function; however, in the common case that the symbol generator is passed to the [[attr | Selections#attr]] operator, the this context will be the associated DOM element.) The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the source-accessor as a constant rather than a function. |
# diagonal.target([target])
If target is specified, sets the target-accessor to the specified function or constant. If target is not specified, returns the current target-accessor. The purpose of the target accessor is to return an object of the form {x, y}
that describes the ending point of the diagonal. (The returned object is subsequently passed to the projection.) The default accessor assumes that the input data is an object with suitably-named attributes:
javascript
function target(d) {
return d.target;
}
The target-accessor is invoked in the same manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current datum (d) and the current index (i). It is also possible to specify the source-accessor as a constant rather than a function.
# diagonal.projection([projection])
If projection is specified, sets the projection to the specified function. If projection is not specified, returns the current projection. The projection converts a point (such as that returned by the source and target accessors) of the form {x, y}
to a two-element array of numbers. The default accessor assumes that the input point is an object with x and y attributes:
javascript
function projection(d) {
return [d.x, d.y];
}
The default accessor is thus compatible with D3’s various node layouts, including tree, partition and cluster. For example, to produce a radial diagonal, assuming that the y attribute defines the radius in pixels, and the x attribute defines the angle in degrees:
javascript
function projection(d) {
var r = d.y, a = (d.x - 90) / 180 * Math.PI;
return [r * Math.cos(a), r * Math.sin(a)];
}
The projection is invoked in a similar manner as other value functions in D3. The function is passed two arguments, the current source or target point (derived from the current data, d) and the current index (i).
# d3.svg.diagonal.radial()
…
# diagonal(datum[, index])
Returns the path data string for the specified datum. An optional index may be specified, which is passed through to the diagonal’s accessor functions.


Popover demos with different body content.
Notes:
It appears that popovers have a fixed width of 20rem (320px). Maybe we should consider changing this to max-width:[...] and not truncate the title in a effort to make the component more flexible?
Example 1: Record Edit Error.
This shows in the footer when live editing record fields.
Example 2: Record Edit Error ALT.
This shows in the footer when live editing record fields, with added CSS to color error items.
Example 2: Builders Rich content Warnings.
This shows in the header of builders when warnings are present.
Activation Warnings (2)
General Warnings (3)


Lyft Details
Driver: {{driver.first_name}}
Rating: {{driver.rating}}/5.0
Additional Info
Additional Info
Destination: {{driverEvent.destination.address}}
Price: ${{amount}}You saved over ${{calculateSavings()}}!
Car Details:
- Make: {{vehicle.make}}
- Model: {{vehicle.model}}
- Color: {{vehicle.color}}


Mission:Impizzable is a personal business founded by our owner, Tom Luther, who after coming from Italy, decided to start this business as an April Fool's Joke, against the wishes of several Italians. Due to this, the kitchen staff are referred to as 'Impizzanators'. The pizzas offered are crafted to the customer's liking, since the menu only serves as a selection of presets. For regular customers, their custom-made pizzas are saved as 'Impizzanations', which can only be ordered by said regular customer. Welcome to try our special, the Mona Pizza, said to be first made by Da Vinci himself.
Mission:Impizzable HQ is in Buruburu, 500 Metres east of Tuskys Eastlands, opposite Just Meno. Delivery services are available, and if the pizza arrives late, we offer in on the house as an apology.
| Taste | Amount | Size | Crust | Extra Toppings | Grand Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wait 30 Minutes. Just Do It. (Not sponsored by Nike).
Do You Want To:
, Your Summon Has Successfully Been Performed!
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+254 694206942
Mon-Sat: 1100-2200 hrs
Sundays & Public Holidays: Closed
We Value You As An Impizzanator! Tell Us Of Your Experience! :


The following example extends the example above by adding server side filtering and sorting. Any column can be sorted by clicking the header. When this happens, the datasource is called again with the new sort options.
The columns Age, Country and Year can be filtered. When this happens, the datasource is called again with the new filtering options. Note that the set filters are provided with the list of available values. This is because it is not possible for the grid to know the entire set of values as they reside on the server.
Related page in ag-grid docs (second sample)


Who is Nadine Coyle's ex Jason Bell, do they have kids and why did they split?
Nadine Coyle has been getting to grips with life in the jungle in I’m A Celebrity – kicking her time on the show off with a terrifying skydive as well as spilling gossip on her fellow Girls Aloud stars while in camp.
The former girl band-er comes to the show just a couple of months after it was reported that she had split from her long-term partner Jason Bell after an 11-year relationship.
Just who is Jason and what happened between the pair of them?
Here’s what you need to know…
Who is Nadine Coyle’s ex-partner Jason Bell?
Jason is an American football star who’s played for the Dallas Cowboys, Houston Texans and New York Giants.
Since retiring in 2008 he has moved into private wealth management, specialising in the financial needs of athletes and entertainers.
He is also an NFL pundit who has appeared on BBC coverage of American football.
Advertisement Advertisement
Nadine and Jason began dating in 2008 when they met in the US after the singer moved there for work.
They got engaged in 2010 but split up a year later – albeit briefly, before reconciling – with Nadine later revealing that she got cold feet after deciding she was too young to be married.
I got with Jason when I was 23 and [got] engaged, and I suddenly thought: ‘Hang on. I can’t get married, I’m only 25,’ she told Fabulous magazine in 2018.
Do Nadine and Jason have children?
Nadine and Jason are parents to a daughter, Anaiya, who was born in February 2014.
At the time, Nadine announced: ‘I am overjoyed to let you know our little girl is here. She is amazing! I love being a mammy & will fill you all in soon.’
It’s been reported that she and Jason will co-parent their now five-year-old daughter following their split.
Why did Nadine and Jason split?
Although no official reason has been given for the split, it was thought to have been down to the pressure put on the couple by living in different countries – with Nadine moving back to her native Northern Ireland in 2016 while Jason remained in the US.
‘Although Nadine and Jason were never married, they lived as a close family unit and remain good friends as they co-parent their young daughter,’ an insider told The Sun at the time.
Advertisement Advertisement
I’m A Celebrity continues on ITV on Thursday night at 9pm.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


MR. WONDERFUL A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1993 James Berardinelli
MR. WONDERFUL
Rating (Linear 0 to 10): 7.0
Date Released: 10/15/93 Running Length: 1:39 Rated: PG-13 (Mature themes, language, sexual situations)
Starring: Matt Dillon, Anabella Sciorra, Mary Louise Parker, William Hurt Director: Anthony Minghella Producer: Marianne Moloney Screenplay: Amy Schor and Vicki Polon Music: Michael Gore Released by The Samuel Goldwyn Company through Warner Brothers
It's very difficult to do a romantic comedy right. Because the outcome is almost never in doubt, the plot becomes little more than a conveyance - a means to an end. As a result, no matter how strong the storyline is, there are limits to its effectiveness. Successful romantic comedies work because of solid performances by the actors; well-rounded, developing characters for them to play; and that certain je ne sais quoi (often referred to as "chemistry") which allows the audience to believe, however momentarily, that these two people are actually in love. Happily for those who enjoy these sorts of movies, MR. WONDERFUL meets the criteria.
Once upon a time, Gus (Matt Dillon) and Lee (Anabella Sciorra) were happily married, but that was before a separation, a court settlement, and alimony. Now, Gus wants to enter a business venture with four close friends, but he can't find the funds because the terms of the divorce stipulates that he has to put his ex-wife through college. The only solution he can see (and even he acknowledges it to be a long-shot) is to get her married again so he no longer has to pay the alimony. Lee, however, is involved with a married professor (William Hurt), and that makes Gus' job all the more difficult. Adding to his problems is a certain instability in his own life - his girlfriend Rita (Mary Louise Parker) wants to move in with him, but Gus is experiencing difficulty making a commitment. Of course, what's obvious to the audience from the beginning, but takes the characters much longer to figure out, is that the pair who split up still love each other.
MR. WONDERFUL is a generally well-written, mostly intelligent romance that's more of a light drama than a comedy. Most of the silly cliches and ridiculous plot elements that clutter up most entries of the genre are absent. Instead of the story forcing the characters into silly situations created solely to spark laughter, this movie tries hard to place Gus and Lee in believable circumstances that allow their personalities to come out. Because, as the writers and director Anthony Minghella (who made TRULY, MADLY, DEEPLY) obviously realize, for this type of movie to work, it's necessary for the audience to care about the people on screen.
And we do care. Not only about the principals, but about some of the minor characters as well. While the script clearly shortchanges William Hurt's Tom, reducing him to a philandering husband having an affair with a student, Mary Louise Parker's Rita is developed more fully. The actress is excellent in tragic roles (she played much the same sort of person in GRAND CANYON), and many of her scenes contain an element of pathos. There are times when the viewer sympathizes far more with Rita than with either Gus or Lee. Throughout much of MR. WONDERFUL, she seems the victim.
Manipulation, another staple of the genre, is kept to a minimum. It's present, as is requisite with this type of movie, but Minghella keeps things low-key. There are several opportunities left unused that another script might have shamelessly plundered to tweak the viewer's emotions.
At first, the choice of Matt Dillon and Anabella Sciorra might seem an odd one, but the two work well together. Their chemistry is not sexually-charged, and it's clear that there's something beyond the physical between them. They connect, which is not the case for Gus and Rita , and Lee and Tom.
MR. WONDERFUL does the little things right, which is also important. Although highly symbolic, when electricity is used in a literal sense (Gus works for New York City's Con Edison power company), the technical details are in order. There are also a number of small scenes that, taken on their own merit, work very well (the meeting between "Funny Face" and "Mr. Wonderful", the charity auction, Gus' breaking his wedding dishes to prove his love for Rita).
The things that are wrong with MR. WONDERFUL are the same things that are wrong with just about every other movie of its kind - it's sentimental and occasionally silly, but as a romance, it's rock solid. MR. WONDERFUL doesn't aspire to anything more than it is, and such a simple, uncomplicated presentation, coupled with generally-likable and believable characters, makes this film a fine piece of entertainment.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Medicare for All
Medicare for all is a hot topic these days. It might be one of the hottest topics in the election coming up next year. Almost all democratic candidates for president in the next election have embraced it, some have put out plans for it as well. Personally, I am for medicare for all, but on a fiscal level I think all of the candidates are wrong on how to implement it.
Why are they wrong?
The biggest argument that the republican party gives is that we cannot afford medicare for all. This is where I want to start. I do not think under any of the proposed plans that we can actually afford it. All of the plans end up ballooning our debt, this is something I am strictly against.
Here is my proposal
I think we need to add a new tax. People hate new taxes, that makes my idea immediately unpopular. While I am being unpopular, I want to raise taxes as well. Hear me out before you click away. Bernie’s plan comes the closest to what I would propose, but I would take it a step further.
The Sanders plan includes adding a new 11% tax to payroll to help fund the medicare for all. 7.5% to be paid by the employer and 4% to be paid by the employee. This is one key place I would raise taxes. I would introduce a sliding scale. My idea would raise the payroll tax to 15%, but add a couple new caveats. The first of which, is that the employer can choose to pay the whole 15%, but can pay no less than 7.5%. The second caveat is that I would introduce a CITY by CITY income scale, based on where the employer’s office is and where the employees work. In this scale, there will be a floor income range. In this income range, it will penalize the employer by assigning a different percentage of the health care tax they have to pay.
Here is an illustration, for the sake of round numbers I am going to work off the current federal minimum wage and the cost of living in Nashville. The minimum wage is where the floor needs to be set, since it is the minimum that an employee can be paid.
7.25 * 40 * 52 = 15,080 per year
Because I cannot find good reliable statistics, lets say the cost of living in Nashville is $2000 a month. An employee making the federal minimum wage is $4,820 below the floor in Nashville. So employees making minimum wage would realize no new tax on their checks, instead the employer would pay the full 15%. Once an employees pay hits the floor, for every percent they are above the floor, a half percent will be reduced from the employers contribution and shifted to the employee.
The idea behind this is two fold. The first is that there are huge differences in the quality of living in different parts of the country. When a 1 bedroom apartment costs $2000 in NYC and costs $600 for the same level of apartment in another city, we cannot use the same scale. The second line of thought is you do not consume the whole employee raise with new taxes, it is a gradual shift.
As a side note, when you age out of the workforce, the new tax for medicare for all vanishes, but also, the standard medicare and social security taxes vanish as well. This will free up more money for seniors, without the government having to take more money in and spend an overcost to disburse it.
I am just a regular guy, I do not have a CBO behind me to calculate the numbers, the economic impact, I am just building off of what I have seen other candidates use.
Shoring up the other gap
There is another gap with medicare. It does not bring in enough money to actually fund itself. For both the new tax I am proposing and the existing medicare social security tax, the limit would need to be lifted. Right now, individuals that make over $128k a year do not pay any social security on the earnings over $128k. I propose to lift these ceilings. Sure, some people will not like it, namely the people that make over $128k. Taxes are supposed to be proportional, this is not proportional.
I am prepared to argue all day long that the $3750 that a person makes $50,000 a year is worth more to them than the $37,500 that a person that makes $500,000 a year.
This is a good starting place, I would love to see the numbers it generates, but unfortunately I am not in a position to actually be able to generate them.


|
MkE API v1.0
Documentation
|
Represents the MkE API request. More...
#include <mkeapi.h>
Public Attributes | |
| char | magik [8] |
| char | type [4] |
| uint32_t | reqid |
| struct MkERequest_Params | params |
Represents the MkE API request.
MkE API request is always 24 bytes long, starting with the string 'MKERQ100'. Parameters of the respective API request can be set via the MkERequest_Params
member.
| char mke::api::MkERequest::magik[8] |
MkE API request packet identifier, must be set to : "MKERQ100".
| struct MkERequest_Params mke::api::MkERequest::params |
Represents the respective MkE API request parameters.
| uint32_t mke::api::MkERequest::reqid |
ID number of a request. A respective response will have the same ID.
| char mke::api::MkERequest::type[4] |
Request type as a zero padded decimal string, e.g., "0001" for request type 1.


Syntax:
array-total-size array => size
Arguments and Values:
array---an array.
size---a non-negative integer.
Description:
Returns the array total size of the array.
Examples:
(array-total-size (make-array 4)) => 4 (array-total-size (make-array 4 :fill-pointer 2)) => 4 (array-total-size (make-array 0)) => 0 (array-total-size (make-array '(4 2))) => 8 (array-total-size (make-array '(4 0))) => 0 (array-total-size (make-array '())) => 1
Affected By: None.
Exceptional Situations:
Should signal an error of type type-error if its argument is not an array.
See Also:
Notes:
If the array is a vector with a fill pointer, the fill pointer is ignored when calculating the array total size.
Since the product of no arguments is one, the array total size of a zero-dimensional array is one.
(array-total-size x) == (apply #'* (array-dimensions x)) == (reduce #'* (array-dimensions x))


---
layout: post
title: Panasonic LX5 vs Canon S95
tags:
- Canon S95
- General Photography
- Panasonic LX5
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
aktt_notify_twitter: "yes"
_edit_lock: "1285248398"
_edit_last: "2"
_thumbnail_id: "2530"
ghostpool_post_template: Default
ghostpool_link: Full Size Image/Video
ghostpool_post_image: http://photo.rwboyer.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/P1000401.jpg
ghostpool_post_faded_image: http://photo.rwboyer.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/P1000401.jpg
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aktt_tweeted: "1"
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dsq_thread_id: "370276797"
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About 3000 people have shot me an email asking me "why did you decide on the LX5 vs the S95". To tell the truth, it was a tough call. Both of these cameras are really nice and both the S95 and LX5 will do pretty much the same job. I cannot definitively say which one is better. I can say the factors that shoved me towards the LX5, so here goes. I am not reading off of spec sheets here, I rarely do that. If you want, do it yourself.
- Better lens on the LX5 - this is just my visual impression and could be argued.
- Wider lens on the LX5 - this one cannot be argued 24e on the LX5 vs 28e on the S95.
- I like the controls better on the LX5
- I like the build quality and feel of the Panasonic vs the Canon.
- Full manual control of exposure, focus and zoom for Video on the LX5.
- I really like the way the "My mode" works with the LX5.
- Oh - The LX5 is much much faster than the S95. It feels really quick shot to shot and the focus seems faster to me but that was not some sort of scientific test.
- My own casual evaluation of image quality at the ISO's I actually use seemed to suit my taste better.
- I like the little side grip on the LX5 (something the Leica version doesn't have) Hmmm, lets remove the grip, add the red dot and charge $500 more.
- No EVF on the S95
So what does the S95 have going for it? Well to tell you the truth, the only thing that I can see is that the S95 is slightly smaller and has a more "pocket friendly" profile. Honestly as pockets go there are two kinds of pockets that will fit either of these cameras. The first type are pockets that are too small for either. The second kind are pockets that would be comfortable for either - like a big jacket or coat pocket. Who cares - In my reality you can either stick either one in the pockets you have or not. In my jeans neither would be too comfortable. In my shirt? Are you kidding? In my coat - both are fine.
RB


| < Day Day Up > |
12.1. The Uses of Version ControlIf you write either large programs or long documents, you have probably been caught at least once in a situation where you've made changes that turned out to be a bad thing, only to be confused and stymied because you weren't sure exactly how to reverse them and get back to a known good state. Or, perhaps you've released a program or document to someone else, then gotten a bug fix or a comment that you couldn't integrate properly because you couldn't recover the old version that person was working with. Perhaps you're a member of a development or documentation team and have felt the need for some way to keep change histories, indicating who was responsible for each change. These common kinds of problems can be addressed with a version control system. A version control system gives you automated help at keeping a change history for a file or group of files. It allows you to recover any stage in that history, and it makes getting reports on the differences between versions easy. Today a variety of version control systems are widely available on machines that run Emacs. Some are commercial, but there are a wealth of free, open, and powerful choices, and it seems appropriate for our discussion to focus on these. Historically, Emacs evolved largely in a Unix environment alongside the SCCS and RCS systems, and its built-in support for version control reflects their approach and terminology. Today the most popular by far is CVS (which builds on RCS, giving it more flexibility and power), and there is a new system called Subversion that is starting to catch on. Preliminary support for working with Subversion shipped with Emacs 21.3.5; its documentation suggests you check the Subversion site, http://subversion.tigris.org/, for updates. Given that when you need version control, you generally need it very badly (and you have enough other challenges to occupy your mind), it's not surprising that most integrated development environments today offer automated support for these tools. And if any other IDE does it, by now you can certainly predict that Emacs does too! In this chapter, we'll introduce you to the Emacs facility called VC, an Emacs Lisp minor mode that makes using version control systems very easy. VC runs all version control commands for you (using Emacs' subprocess facilities in the same way that compiler modes do). VC hides almost all the details of their interfaces from you; instead, you can trigger most basic version control operations with a single command, with Emacs correctly deducing what needs to be done next. As noted above, the VC architecture was designed with the behavior of RCS in mind. So as we explain VC, we'll explain the RCS terminology and behavior as Emacs presents it. Where needed, we'll point out key differences in the way CVS behaves. Subversion, in turn, is being designed as a more modern version of CVS, and acts like CVS with respect to its interactions with Emacs. |
| < Day Day Up > |


[Shamelessly steal borrow from Eli Fitch.]
Eli’s presentation
# Clone the repo to your machine.
git clone git@github.com:jlengstorf/perceived-perf.git
# Move into the code.
cd perceived-perf/
# Install dependencies.
yarn install # or npm install
Jason Lengstorf
Follow me on Twitter: @jlengstorf
Tweet: @jlengstorf #generateconf


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Take some seafood, pasta and a bit of inspiration from the The Hairy Bikers and cook a quick and easy meal for two.
For the garlic bread, heat a griddle pan until hot, brush both sides of the bread with the oil and cook both sides until browned. Mix the butter, garlic and parsley together and spread on the hot toast. Keep warm.
For the pasta, bring a large pan of salted water to the boil. Add the pasta and cook according to packet instructions then drain, reserving some of the cooking water, and keep warm.
Meanwhile, for the seafood, heat the olive oil in a large frying pan over a medium heat. Add the shallot and garlic and fry gently for 2-3 minutes until softened. Stir in the chilli flakes, cherry tomatoes and vermouth, increase the heat to high and boil for 3-4 minutes.
Add the mussels, cover the pan and cook for 1-2 minutes then add the prawns and squid and stir into the hot sauce. Cook for 2-3 minutes, or until the prawns turn pink and the mussels open (discard any that remain closed at this stage).
Add the pasta and crème fraîche and toss the contents of the pan to mix everything together, adding a little of the pasta water to bring it to a saucy consistency. Stir in the tarragon and basil and season with sea salt and freshly ground black pepper.
To serve, transfer the pasta into serving bowls, making sure you have some seafood on top. Finish with a sprig of basil and a squeeze of lemon and serve with the garlic bread and salad on the side.


balloonian variable
`Prev `__
B
`Next `__
--------------
**balloonian variable**: n.
[Commodore users; perh. a deliberate phonetic mangling of boolean
variable?] Any variable that doesn't actually hold or control state, but
must nevertheless be declared, checked, or set. A typical balloonian
variable started out as a flag attached to some environment feature that
either became obsolete or was planned but never implemented.
Compatibility concerns (or politics attached to same) may require that
such a flag be treated as though it were `*live* <../L/live.html>`__.
--------------
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+
| `Prev `__ | `Up <../B.html>`__ | `Next `__ |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+
| baggy pantsing | `Home <../index.html>`__ | bamf |
+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+-------------------------+


TODO
title: A post you wish to read before considering using MongoDB for your next app author: David Bruant layout: post permalink: /?p=324 geo_public:
- 0 categories:
- Uncategorized
This post details lessons learned from a 8 months experience with MongoDB. Although I’m writing this article alone, my experience of MongoDB was in the context of teamwork, so I’ll be using “us” often in this article.
In this blog post, I’ll be sharing experience with MongoDB that you can only get when working with it for quite some time. It will also contains elements of understanding of upcoming MongoDB improvements as well as general thoughts on data modeling.
I’ll be mostly focusing on downsides, but keep in mind that I’m only sharing my own experience which may not apply to your case. Also, I haven’t been in the situation of working with all the features of MongoDB. Especially, I have never used sharding and all other scalability-related features, so I have no opinion whatsoever on these.
Quick intro to MongoDB
Core concepts
In MongoDB, a database is composed of collections (somehow the equivalent of tables of those who are used to SQL). A collection contains documents which are JSON objects (with some additions), this means that a document can represent objects in the naive JavaScript sense (mapping between string and values) and even arrays, but also nested objects (when values are themselves objects or arrays).
Among the document values, you have the classic strings, numbers, booleans, but also ObjectIDs. Each document in a collection is uniquely identified by an ObjectID and you can store a reference to the document as a value using this ObjectID which is nothing more than an object wrapper around a unique string.
That’s about it for the core concepts. In a nutshell, it means that when you model your data, you have to think in terms of tree-shapes entities that you’ll put in collections. Cross-collection references are possible using ObjectIDs (there is a DBRef thing which isn’t strictly necessary and is just a built-in structure bundling an ObjectID and a collection name).
Queries
MongoDB has its own query system. It does the job for the most part with a couple of limitations. One good point is that you can query over data nested deep and get deep data if you need without the need to pull the entire document.
One minor limitation is very specific (occurs when you have nested arrays) and is planned to be fixed. Another minor limitation is that since the query language relies on dots, dots can’t be used in object keys. This is usually not a problem except when you want to use urls as keys as it has been my case. It has to be noted that apparently, when using the update primitives (like $push), dot-key’d objects can be inserted anyway, putting your database in a quite inconsistent state (and that’s how I discovered the dot restriction :-s Needless to say the error message was rather cryptic).
The second limitation is more fundamental: any query you do is performed on a single collection. In a nutshell, there is no equivalent to the SQL JOIN. This has a very important consequence for any application written on top which is that whenever you need data from different collections using the ID values in one to reach some objects in another, you need to do several round trips between your application and your database. That’s fine-ish if they’re on the same server; that’s an outrageous constraint when they are on different servers, because it means network latency is imposed by a database design choice.
MongoDB justifies that there is no need for joins because data are denormalized in MongoDB. I have to disagree with that. First off, data modeling is hard and people make mistake. Sometimes, what should have been one collection is two. Changing a data model is a perious task and having to pay a systematic performance cost for that is unacceptable. Then, from experience, it seems that all applications data model cannot be represented as trees. Some are graphs, true graphs. And when it’s the case, I don’t see why Mongo would impose a performance cost (either in round-trip or data duplication), that’s just ridiculous.
That reason alone makes that I don’t recommend Mongo. Although sold for being flexible, the inability to make multi-collection queries makes Mongo quite inflexible. This got me thinking that from now on, I will be looking at databases that enable to do any query in one round-trip.
The no-schema fantasy and reality
Data in the database
MongoDB as one champion of the NoSQL movement claims that you don’t need a schema for your data. It is true from a technical standpoint that MongoDB doesn’t enforce a model. Reality of use and maintainability make that within the same collection, you tend to structure objects roughly the same way. Mongo allows optional fields where SQL doesn’t, but that’s pretty much where the difference stops in practice.
I have to share that in one case, there was one field for which we had decided to do no validation over, because we knew that the data supposed to be stored there would change over time. It did happen and having the freedom to store whatever we needed in this field at “no cost” really was a life-saving feature in our context.
Experience in storing objects from code without model quickly leads to a maintenance issue, because since you don’t have a model, you start wondering “do we already have a field X in the collection Y?”, or “how is structured field Z, b.t.dubs?” which inevitably forces you to write a schema documentation to compensate the lack of enforced schema.
Once you have acknowledged that you do need a form of schema anyhow, an interesting question is where to set the bar of strictness. Imposing a schema at the database level is a development burden that devs using SQL experience the hard way. Reality is that the data model of an application changes. Maybe because the need changes, maybe because the current design is imperfect. The data model does change and the cost of this reality is too high in SQL. No schema or documentation schema induce too high of a cognitive burden on the developer though.
A middleground we have found was to use Mongoose which enables to programmatically define a model in a fairly readable and somewhat declarative way. Documentation can easily be added as comments to the schema declaration and checks on data integrity can be performed at runtime. I have a good share of rants against Mongoose specifically, but for the most part, it does the 80% part of the job that you need to move on safely and conveniently with your communication with the database.
When the world around the database changes
So you have an application and a database. Your application necessarily relies on assertion regarding your database; names of collections, field names, value types, value ranges, nesting structure shape, etc. At some point, the application you write on top of the database will need to see the database model change. in SQL, it systematically means to do an “ALTER table” or equivalent operation. Interestingly, in Mongo, some classes of assertion changes will require no change to the database whatsoever. For example, if you add a field to new documents in a collection, you don’t need to add it to all existing documents. Depending on the case, you can ignore the missing field or deal with it at the application level.
But of course, for other classes of changes, you’ll need to write a script to reorganise it. To the best of my knowledge, there is no way to send a script to the database so that it reorganises itself in situ. You need to pull the data, remodel it and re-push it. Needless to say that it feels really dirty. I hope I have missed something.
Regardless, it seems that the problem is somewhat equivalent in SQL. Data model change is part of the development flow and I wish it was treated as a first-class use case in database designs. I’m not an expert in that field. If I’m plain wrong, feel free to share your knowledge in the comments.
The Map-Reduce Eldorado
Map reduce promises huge performance gains under the condition of writing code in a certain way (I’m giving a practical definition, not a formal one here). Be aware it’s not a silver bullet applicable to any problem.
I have found the API more complicated than necessary, but once you understand it, you’re good to go; I let you judge by yourself, but at least, the map, reduce and finalize functions can be written in JS… I mean… sort of… which brings me to:
Third-world JavaScript
The JS engine is SpiderMonkey 1.7 (the one shipped along with Firefox 2 for the curious). It means you have no Object.keys, only Array#forEach as array extra, etc. It fills like writing grandma’s JS when you actually know the language and the goodness added in ES5.
In theory, all map and reduce calls could be done in parallel independently; that’s the reason you need to write your code with some discipline. In practice, on one MongoDB install, all operations occur in sequence because of SpiderMonkey I have read somewhere. That and SpiderMonkey 1.7 pure performance, of course…
Good news, there is a plan to switch to V8 and that should solve all JS-related problems. Bad news, it’s unclear when the switch will be effective.
Debugging
The debugging experience is very painful. There is no proper debugger, no console.log. The best tool you have is conditionally throwing, because the only thing you can get back from a MapReduce operation is the final data or the first uncaught error (which stops the operation). That’s annoying when your map or reduce or finalize function gets above 30 lines. I came to a point where I wrote a small browser-based emulator and pulled data out of the database to test my MapReduce code in an environment where I could debug it (I probably should open source that actually…).
… and a couple of noobish design mistakes
Points here are not major drawbacks. They are just some WTF I came across
Can’t rename a database
Self-explanatory title.  Are we really at Mongo 2.2 and still can’t rename a database? To track the bug.
Global lock
Until Mongo 2.0 included, there is a global MongoDB lock. It means that write (or write+read) operations on completely unrelated database on the same install can’t be performed concurrently.
As per Mongo 2.2, there is a per-database lock, which means that operations on independent collections within the same collection can’t be done concurrently. Same issue than before at a different level (the one that matter when you have only one database). They are working on that issue to have locks at finer-grained entities. I have no info as to when this will happen, but they seem committed to fix the problem.
Safe off by default
I have read in some blog posts that safe mode is off by default. I haven’t experienced data loss, so I have no clue of what is the danger in being in “unsafe mode”. It can be changed anyway, but it really is not a good default value it seems.
Additional readings
Some insightful readings. Informations in these posts partially overlap with one another and with what I have said already.
http://www.quora.com/MongoDB/How-much-credibility-does-the-post-Dont-use-MongoDB-have
http://architects.dzone.com/articles/why-i-said-goodbye-mongodb
http://blog.engineering.kiip.me/post/20988881092/a-year-with-mongodb
Conclusion
MongoDB has some major design mistakes in it. Its developer experience is overall much better than the SQL one, but I still feel dissatisfied by both and wouldn’t recommend any for now. Sadly, I don’t know any database software I would recommend. Likely, I’ll be interested in exploring Neo4j for a next experience. I’m open to suggestions, of course.


Forgot to take your Pill or change your Ring or Plaster? Maybe you
just want a daily reminder to take your pills. Had unprotected
sex? Should you take your morning after pill?
Pills
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Cycle
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Did you forget to take one or more pills? We got your
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var Utils = require("./utils");
var Component = require("./component.js");
var inherits = require('util').inherits;
/**
* The Deck class
* Should probably be subclassed to create the cards for the deck in the constructor
* @constructor
* @extends {Component}
*/
function Deck() {
Component.call(this);
this.cards = [];
this.currentPosition = 0;
};
inherits(Deck, Component);
/**
* Shuffle the deck in place
* @returns {void}
*/
Deck.prototype.shuffle = function() {
Utils.shuffle(this.cards);
};
// draw card currently assumes that the card goes back on the bottom of the deck
// doesn't quite work for get out of jail, but will for everything else.
// In the future we could build two types of decks or two different draw methods
/**
* @param {Boolean} isReplaced - Whether or not the card should be replaced at the bottom of the deck
* @returns {Card} The card drawn from the deck
*/
Deck.prototype.drawCard = function(isReplaced) {
var card = this.cards[this.currentPosition];
if (isReplaced) {
this.currentPosition++;
// wrap index of the card around
this.currentPosition = this.currentPosition % this.cards.length;
} else {
this.cards.splice(this.currentPosition, 1);
}
return card;
};
module.exports = Deck;


Numbers 32:13
And the LORD's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation, that had done evil in the sight of the LORD, was consumed.


Introduction¶
The Finite Amplitude Impulse Response (FAIR) model is a simple emissions-based climate model. It allows the user to input emissions of greenhouse gases and short lived climate forcers in order to estimate global mean atmospheric GHG concentrations, radiative forcing and temperature anomalies.
The original FAIR model (v1.0) was developed to simulate the earth system response to CO2 emissions, with all non-CO2 forcing implemented as an “external” source. It was developed by Richard Millar, Zebedee Nicholls, Pierre Friedlingstein and Myles Allen. The motivation for developing it and its formulation is documented in a paper published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics in 2017.
The emissions-based model (v1.3) extends FAIR by replacing all sources of non-CO2 forcing with relationships that are based on the source emissions, with the exception of natural forcings (variations in solar irradiance and volcanic eruptions). It is useful for assessing future policy commitments to anthropogenic emissions (something which we can control) than to radiative forcing (something which is less certain and which we can only partially control).
If you use this model, please cite the following references:
- Smith, C. J., Forster, P. M., Allen, M., Leach, N., Millar, R. J., Passerello, G. A., and Regayre, L. A.: FAIR v1.3: A simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model, Geosci. Model Dev. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-266, 2018.
- Millar, R. J., Nicholls, Z. R., Friedlingstein, P., and Allen, M. R.: A modified impulse-response representation of the global near-surface air temperature and atmospheric concentration response to carbon dioxide emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 7213-7228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7213-2017, 2017.
For assistance, set up an issue on the GitHub site or contact Chris Smith (c.j.smith1 <AT> leeds <DOT> ac <DOT> uk).


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Below are my objectives in life in my career as an enginneer and aspiring software developer
Web application development and mobile apps
Also did Introduction to the following courses
Bachelor’s degree in information and communication technology Management Software engineering option
Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Electronics Option
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Below are the duties and responsibilities
Below are the duties and responsibilities
Below are the duties and responsibilities
Below are the duties and responsibilities
Below are the duties and responsibilities


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