Namespace ROT
Top-level ROT namespace
Defined in: <rot.js>.
| Constructor Attributes | Constructor Name and Description |
|---|---|
| Field Attributes | Field Name and Description |
|---|---|
| <static> |
ROT.DEFAULT_HEIGHT
Default height for display and map generators
|
| <static> |
ROT.DEFAULT_WIDTH
Default with for display and map generators
|
| <static> |
ROT.DIRS
Directional constants.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_0
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_1
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_2
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_3
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_4
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_5
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_6
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_7
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_8
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_9
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_A
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ACCEPT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ADD
+ on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ALT
Alt (Option on Mac) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ALTGR
AltGr key on Linux.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_AMPERSAND
Ampersand (&) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_AT
Atmark (@) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_B
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_BACK_QUOTE
Back tick (`) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_BACK_SLASH
Back slash (\) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_BACK_SPACE
Backspace key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_C
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CANCEL
Cancel key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CAPS_LOCK
Caps lock.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CIRCUMFLEX
Circumflex (^) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CLEAR
5 key on Numpad when NumLock is unlocked.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CLOSE_BRACKET
Close square bracket (]) key.
|
| <static> |
Close curly bracket (}) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CLOSE_PAREN
Close parenthesis ()) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_COLON
Colon (:) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_COMMA
Comma (,) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CONTEXT_MENU
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CONTROL
Control key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_CONVERT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_D
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DECIMAL
Decimal point on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DELETE
Del(ete) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DIVIDE
/ on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DOLLAR
Dollar sign ($) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DOUBLE_QUOTE
Double quote () key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_DOWN
Down arrow.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_E
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_EISU
英数 key on Japanese Mac keyboard.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_END
End key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ENTER
Reserved, but not used.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_EQUALS
Equals (=) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_ESCAPE
Escape key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_EXCLAMATION
Exclamation (!) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_EXECUTE
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F1
F1 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F10
F10 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F11
F11 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F12
F12 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F13
F13 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F14
F14 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F15
F15 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F16
F16 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F17
F17 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F18
F18 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F19
F19 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F2
F2 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F20
F20 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F21
F21 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F22
F22 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F23
F23 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F24
F24 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F3
F3 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F4
F4 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F5
F5 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F6
F6 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F7
F7 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F8
F8 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_F9
F9 key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_FINAL
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_G
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_GREATER_THAN
Greater-than (>) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_H
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HANGUL
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HANJA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HASH
Hash (#) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HELP
Help key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HOME
Home key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_HYPHEN_MINUS
Hyphen-US/docs/Minus (-) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_I
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_INSERT
Ins(ert) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_J
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_JUNJA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_K
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_KANA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_KANJI
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_L
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_LEFT
Left arrow.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_LESS_THAN
Less-than (<) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_M
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_META
Meta key on Linux, Command key on Mac.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_MODECHANGE
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_MULTIPLY
on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_N
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NONCONVERT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUM_LOCK
Num Lock key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD0
0 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD1
1 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD2
2 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD3
3 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD4
4 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD5
5 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD6
6 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD7
7 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD8
8 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_NUMPAD9
9 on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_O
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_OPEN_BRACKET
Open square bracket ([) key.
|
| <static> |
Open curly bracket ({) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_OPEN_PAREN
Open parenthesis (() key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_P
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PAGE_DOWN
Page Down key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PAGE_UP
Page Up key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PAUSE
Pause key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PERCENT
Percent (%) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PERIOD
Period (.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PIPE
Pipe (|) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PLUS
Plus (+) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PRINT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_PRINTSCREEN
Print Screen key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_Q
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_QUESTION_MARK
Question mark (?) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_QUOTE
Quote (''') key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_R
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_RETURN
Return/enter key on the main keyboard.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_RIGHT
Right arrow.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_S
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SCROLL_LOCK
Scroll Lock key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SELECT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SEMICOLON
Semicolon (;) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SEPARATOR
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SHIFT
Shift key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SLASH
Slash (/) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SLEEP
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SPACE
Space bar.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_SUBTRACT
- on the numeric keypad.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_T
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_TAB
Tab key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_TILDE
Tilde (~) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_U
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_UNDERSCORE
Underscore (_) key.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_UP
Up arrow.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_V
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_W
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_WIN
Windows logo key on Windows.
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_X
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_Y
|
| <static> |
ROT.VK_Z
|
| Method Attributes | Method Name and Description |
|---|---|
| <static> |
ROT.isSupported()
|
Field Detail
<static>
ROT.DEFAULT_HEIGHT
Default height for display and map generators
<static>
ROT.DEFAULT_WIDTH
Default with for display and map generators
<static>
ROT.DIRS
Directional constants. Ordering is important!
<static>
ROT.VK_0
<static>
ROT.VK_1
<static>
ROT.VK_2
<static>
ROT.VK_3
<static>
ROT.VK_4
<static>
ROT.VK_5
<static>
ROT.VK_6
<static>
ROT.VK_7
<static>
ROT.VK_8
<static>
ROT.VK_9
<static>
ROT.VK_A
<static>
ROT.VK_ACCEPT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_ADD
+ on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_ALT
Alt (Option on Mac) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_ALTGR
AltGr key on Linux. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_AMPERSAND
Ampersand (&) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_AT
Atmark (@) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_B
<static>
ROT.VK_BACK_QUOTE
Back tick (`) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_BACK_SLASH
Back slash (\) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_BACK_SPACE
Backspace key.
<static>
ROT.VK_C
<static>
ROT.VK_CANCEL
Cancel key.
<static>
ROT.VK_CAPS_LOCK
Caps lock.
<static>
ROT.VK_CIRCUMFLEX
Circumflex (^) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_CLEAR
5 key on Numpad when NumLock is unlocked. Or on Mac, clear key which is positioned at NumLock key.
<static>
ROT.VK_CLOSE_BRACKET
Close square bracket (]) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_CLOSE_CURLY_BRACKET
Close curly bracket (}) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_CLOSE_PAREN
Close parenthesis ()) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_COLON
Colon (:) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_COMMA
Comma (,) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_CONTEXT_MENU
<static>
ROT.VK_CONTROL
Control key.
<static>
ROT.VK_CONVERT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_D
<static>
ROT.VK_DECIMAL
Decimal point on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_DELETE
Del(ete) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_DIVIDE
/ on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_DOLLAR
Dollar sign ($) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_DOUBLE_QUOTE
Double quote () key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_DOWN
Down arrow.
<static>
ROT.VK_E
<static>
ROT.VK_EISU
英数 key on Japanese Mac keyboard. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_END
End key.
<static>
ROT.VK_ENTER
Reserved, but not used.
<static>
ROT.VK_EQUALS
Equals (=) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_ESCAPE
Escape key.
<static>
ROT.VK_EXCLAMATION
Exclamation (!) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_EXECUTE
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_F
<static>
ROT.VK_F1
F1 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F10
F10 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F11
F11 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F12
F12 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F13
F13 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F14
F14 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F15
F15 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F16
F16 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F17
F17 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F18
F18 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F19
F19 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F2
F2 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F20
F20 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F21
F21 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F22
F22 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F23
F23 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F24
F24 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F3
F3 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F4
F4 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F5
F5 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F6
F6 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F7
F7 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F8
F8 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_F9
F9 key.
<static>
ROT.VK_FINAL
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_G
<static>
ROT.VK_GREATER_THAN
Greater-than (>) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_H
<static>
ROT.VK_HANGUL
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_HANJA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_HASH
Hash (#) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_HELP
Help key.
<static>
ROT.VK_HOME
Home key.
<static>
ROT.VK_HYPHEN_MINUS
Hyphen-US/docs/Minus (-) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_I
<static>
ROT.VK_INSERT
Ins(ert) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_J
<static>
ROT.VK_JUNJA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_K
<static>
ROT.VK_KANA
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_KANJI
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_L
<static>
ROT.VK_LEFT
Left arrow.
<static>
ROT.VK_LESS_THAN
Less-than (<) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_M
<static>
ROT.VK_META
Meta key on Linux, Command key on Mac.
<static>
ROT.VK_MODECHANGE
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_MULTIPLY
on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_N
<static>
ROT.VK_NONCONVERT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUM_LOCK
Num Lock key.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD0
0 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD1
1 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD2
2 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD3
3 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD4
4 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD5
5 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD6
6 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD7
7 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD8
8 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_NUMPAD9
9 on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_O
<static>
ROT.VK_OPEN_BRACKET
Open square bracket ([) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_OPEN_CURLY_BRACKET
Open curly bracket ({) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_OPEN_PAREN
Open parenthesis (() key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_P
<static>
ROT.VK_PAGE_DOWN
Page Down key.
<static>
ROT.VK_PAGE_UP
Page Up key.
<static>
ROT.VK_PAUSE
Pause key.
<static>
ROT.VK_PERCENT
Percent (%) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_PERIOD
Period (.) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_PIPE
Pipe (|) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_PLUS
Plus (+) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_PRINT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_PRINTSCREEN
Print Screen key.
<static>
ROT.VK_Q
<static>
ROT.VK_QUESTION_MARK
Question mark (?) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_QUOTE
Quote (''') key.
<static>
ROT.VK_R
<static>
ROT.VK_RETURN
Return/enter key on the main keyboard.
<static>
ROT.VK_RIGHT
Right arrow.
<static>
ROT.VK_S
<static>
ROT.VK_SCROLL_LOCK
Scroll Lock key.
<static>
ROT.VK_SELECT
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_SEMICOLON
Semicolon (;) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_SEPARATOR
<static>
ROT.VK_SHIFT
Shift key.
<static>
ROT.VK_SLASH
Slash (/) key.
<static>
ROT.VK_SLEEP
Linux support for this keycode was added in Gecko 4.0.
<static>
ROT.VK_SPACE
Space bar.
<static>
ROT.VK_SUBTRACT
- on the numeric keypad.
<static>
ROT.VK_T
<static>
ROT.VK_TAB
Tab key.
<static>
ROT.VK_TILDE
Tilde (~) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_U
<static>
ROT.VK_UNDERSCORE
Underscore (_) key. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_UP
Up arrow.
<static>
ROT.VK_V
<static>
ROT.VK_W
<static>
ROT.VK_WIN
Windows logo key on Windows. Or Super or Hyper key on Linux. Requires Gecko 15.0
<static>
ROT.VK_X
<static>
ROT.VK_Y
<static>
ROT.VK_Z
Method Detail
<static>
{bool}
ROT.isSupported()
- Returns:
- {bool} Is rot.js supported by this browser?


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DELETE
Deletes rows from tables.
Note
The maximum size for a single SQL statement is 16 MB.
Syntax
DELETE [ FROM ] table_name [ {USING } table_name, ... ] [ WHERE condition ]
Parameters
- FROM
-
The FROM keyword is optional, except when the USING clause is specified. The statements
delete from event;
anddelete event;
are equivalent operations that remove all of the rows from the EVENT table.Note
To delete all the rows from a table, TRUNCATE the table. TRUNCATE is much more efficient than DELETE and does not require a VACUUM and ANALYZE. However, be aware that TRUNCATE commits the transaction in which it is run.
- table_name
-
A temporary or persistent table. Only the owner of the table or a user with DELETE privilege on the table may delete rows from the table.
Consider using the TRUNCATE command for fast unqualified delete operations on large tables; see TRUNCATE.
Note
After deleting a large number of rows from a table:
-
Vacuum the table to reclaim storage space and resort rows.
-
Analyze the table to update statistics for the query planner.
-
- USING table_name, ...
-
The USING keyword is used to introduce a table list when additional tables are referenced in the WHERE clause condition. For example, the following statement deletes all of the rows from the EVENT table that satisfy the join condition over the EVENT and SALES tables. The SALES table must be explicitly named in the FROM list:
delete from event using sales where event.eventid=sales.eventid;
If you repeat the target table name in the USING clause, the DELETE operation runs a self-join. You can use a subquery in the WHERE clause instead of the USING syntax as an alternative way to write the same query.
- WHERE condition
-
Optional clause that limits the deletion of rows to those that match the condition. For example, the condition can be a restriction on a column, a join condition, or a condition based on the result of a query. The query can reference tables other than the target of the DELETE command. For example:
delete from t1 where col1 in(select col2 from t2);
If no condition is specified, all of the rows in the table are deleted.
Examples
Delete all of the rows from the CATEGORY table:
delete from category;
Delete rows with CATID values between 0 and 9 from the CATEGORY table:
delete from category where catid between 0 and 9;
Delete rows from the LISTING table whose SELLERID values do not exist in the SALES table:
delete from listing where listing.sellerid not in(select sales.sellerid from sales);
The following two queries both delete one row from the CATEGORY table, based on a join to the EVENT table and an additional restriction on the CATID column:
delete from category using event where event.catid=category.catid and category.catid=9;
delete from category where catid in (select category.catid from category, event where category.catid=event.catid and category.catid=9);


This is the recommended visualization based on dataset you uploaded and your preferences. Please provide rating to the chart:
Built with ♥ by Keen IO


Former Geologist turned Software Engineer.
I originally studied Geology, Marine Science, and Art History at Rutgers University New Brunswick. After graduating, I began working as a Geologist in the environmental field. Finding myself not satisfied with non-academic geology, I looked for a new calling.
So while working as a geologist, I went back to school and got a second Bachelors in Computer Science. From there, I worked at BAE Systems as a Software Engineer and now at CACI as a Software Engineer and Network Security Engineer.
As of recently, I have also released my first mobile app the on the Play Store titled WaterMe! Follow the project link to check it out!
WaterMe is a helpful tool to make sure you never forget to care for your plants ever again!
Written with the Flutter/Dart. Utilizes Hexagonal design architecture.s


I wanted to marry Robert Pattinson – Kristen Stewart
Kristen Stewart has said she would have married Robert Pattinson, and that she thought their relationship “was it”.
The actress, who met and fell in love with her Twilight co-star on the set of the first film more than 10 years ago, also said she felt she was unable to talk about their romance for a long time, for fear of being seen as an “attention-seeker”.
Stewart, 29, told US radio host Howard Stern on his show that she “wanted to” marry Pattinson at one point.
Asked if she would have said yes had the British actor proposed, Stewart said: “I don’t know, I’m, like, a super-duper traditionalist … but at the same time, every relationship I’ve ever been in, I thought that was it.”
She said she has “never been the most casual person” in a relationship.
Told by Stern that falling in love with her co-star is “the biggest mistake an actor could make”, Stewart replied: “There was nothing I could do.”
On their chemistry, she said: “It’s weird, like, actually being honest about this, it’s been so heavily consumed … It’s like I have this fear that people would assume that maybe it’s kind of attention-y, like ‘Oh cool, you’re still pushing that narrative’ or whatever.
“But it’s like, no, I’ve never actually been allowed to say what happened. Because I was so self-conscious about seeming like an attention-seeker.”
She added of Pattinson: “We were together for years, that was my first (love). I was super in love with my high school boyfriend, but me and Rob were a little older and it was like ‘ga-gung!'”
The couple split up in 2012 after she was pictured in an intimate embrace with her Snow White And The Huntsman director Rupert Sanders, who is 19 years her senior and who was married to model Liberty Ross at the time.
Stewart – who issued an apology at the time alongside one from Sanders – reconciled with Pattinson for a short while, but they ended their relationship for good in 2013.
 It doesn’t even matter.”
Stewart also said that getting married “absolutely” appeals to her, and that she is already planning on proposing to her girlfriend, screenwriter Dylan Meyer, and that she “can’t f****** wait”.
The pair have been dating for a few months but she said they have known each other for around six years.
Stewart said: “I wanna be somewhat reasonable about it but I think good things happen fast.”


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This project details the form of way declaration known as the waycast. The waycast is a basic component of the wayic architecture, where it functions as the principal building block and propagule of the wayic in service to its purpose as a self-instituting system of way formation.
Copyright © 2019-2022 Michael Allan. The files for this project are released under an MIT licence.


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TELEPHONE
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Caroline Hennigan, Programme Director, Broadway
I’m really happy that webarch is able to offer support specifically tailored to creative businesses and I’d love Nottingham to become renowned for this.
Caroline Hennigan, Programme Director, Broadway
I’m really happy that webarch is able to offer support specifically tailored to creative businesses and I’d love Nottingham to become renowned for this.
Caroline Hennigan, Programme Director, Broadway


Tyler Sharp's Cars
510
Galaxie
Eclipse
MR2 Turbo
M3
Boxster
335i
911
FJ40
About Me
Cars I have owned
Make and Model List
Datsun 510
Ford Galaxie 500
Mitsubishi Eclipse
Toyota MR2 Turbo
BMW M3
Porsche Boxster
BMW 335i
Porsche 911 C4S
Toyota Landcruiser


|
Cortenn
|
Classes | |
| struct | GraphInfo |
| Contains all information necessary to recreate labelled ADE graph. More... | |
| struct | GraphSaver |
| Graph serialization traveler. More... | |
| struct | PathedTens |
| Tree node for labeling Tensptrs. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| using | TensT = std::vector< ade::TensptrT > |
| Tensptr vector type. More... | |
| using | DataSaverT = std::function< std::string(const char *, size_t, size_t)> |
| Data serialization functor. More... | |
| using | DataLoaderT = std::function< ade::TensptrT(const char *, ade::Shape, size_t, std::string)> |
| Data deserialization functor. More... | |
| using | StringsT = std::list< std::string > |
| String list type used for paths. More... | |
| using | PathedMapT = std::unordered_map< ade::TensptrT, StringsT > |
| Map Tensptrs to a string path type. More... | |
Functions | |
| void | load_graph (GraphInfo &out, const cortenn::Graph &in, DataLoaderT dataloader) |
| Return graph info through out available from in graph. More... | |
| static ade::CoordptrT | load_coord (const google::protobuf::RepeatedField< double > &coord) |
data.hpp pbm
Purpose: Define functions for marshaling equation graph
save.hpp pbm
Purpose: Define functions for marshaling equation graph
| using pbm::DataLoaderT = typedef std::function<ade::TensptrT(const char*,ade::Shape, size_t,std::string)> |
Data deserialization functor.
| using pbm::DataSaverT = typedef std::function<std::string(const char*,size_t,size_t)> |
Data serialization functor.
| using pbm::PathedMapT = typedef std::unordered_map<ade::TensptrT,StringsT> |
Map Tensptrs to a string path type.
| using pbm::StringsT = typedef std::list<std::string> |
String list type used for paths.
| using pbm::TensT = typedef std::vector<ade::TensptrT> |
Tensptr vector type.
|
static |
| void pbm::load_graph | ( | GraphInfo & | out, |
| const cortenn::Graph & | in, | ||
| DataLoaderT | dataloader | ||
| ) |
Return graph info through out available from in graph.


Drupal automations
Rules module
The Rules module allows site administrators to define conditionally executed actions based on occurring events (known as reactive or ECA rules).
Event condition action
Excerpt from Content Intake Functional Outline
- A notification email is generated when a user changes his/her password
- A notification email is generated when a user account is disabled or enabled.
- A notification email is generated when a Contributor account is assigned editing rights to content pages.
- ...numerous more
This is an engineering design pattern to loosely couple functionality
Rules module allows you to define new events, conditions, and actions.
A site administrator has the ability to connect functionality together through the UI
Extend Rules
- Define new Events
- Define new Conditions
- Define new Actions
Rules allows you to make an extensible site for Administrators without any writing code
Rules Module
Pros:
- Allows Site Admins to execute actions based on events
- Extend functionality of the site thru the UI
Cons:
- Rules framework is very complex
- Rules can be heavier than just writing code
- The Drupal 8 version of Rules doesn't seem to be fully working
IMO... don't use Rules unless it is a requirement for your site admins to add events and actions
If you use Rules... understand the extra complexity Rules brings with it.
Rules has not hit stable release yet
I would use Rules for GCR
- Help find bugs
- Help fix bugs
- Help release a stable version of Rules
Exercise
- Download the Rules module
- Setup a rule when a user is modified and blocked to send an email notifying them they are blocked
- Event, Condition, Action
Extending Rules
Out of scope for this training, possible next time?


| Generated by VoltDB Version | 6.0.1 |
| Last Schema Update on | Wed, 15 Feb 2017 07:52:12 GMT+00:00 |
| Table Count | 1 (0 partitioned / 1 replicated) |
| Materialized View Count | 0 |
| Index Count | 0 |
| Procedure Count | 2 (0 partitioned / 2 replicated) (2 read-only / 0 read-write) |
| SQL Statement Count | 2 |
| GetRed | Procedure GetRed has a statement with a non-deterministic result - statement: "select * from input where ? - TIME <= ? and ? - TIME >= 0;", reason: the query result does not guarantee a consistent ordering |
| GetBlack | Procedure GetBlack has a statement with a non-deterministic result - statement: "select * from input where ? - TIME <= ?*2 and ? - TIME > ?;", reason: the query result does not guarantee a consistent ordering |
| Name | Type | Partitioning | Columns | Indexes | PKey | TupleLimit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INPUT | Table | Replicated | 4 | 0 | No-PKey | No-limit |
CREATE TABLE INPUT ( ID integer, X float, Y float, TIME bigint ); Read-only by procedures: GetBlack, GetRed No indexes defined on table. |
-- This file was generated by VoltDB version 6.0.1 on: 2017-02-15 09:48:27 GMT+00:00. -- This file represents the current database schema. -- Use this file as input to reproduce the current database structure in another database instance. CREATE TABLE INPUT ( ID integer, X float, Y float, TIME bigint ); CREATE PROCEDURE FROM CLASS GetBlack; CREATE PROCEDURE FROM CLASS GetRed;
| Procedure Name | Parameters | Partitioning | R/W | Access | Attributes | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GetBlack | BIGINT, BIGINT | Multi | Read | None | JavaScans | |||||||||||||||
|
Read-only access to tables: INPUT
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| GetRed | BIGINT, BIGINT | Multi | Read | None | JavaScans | |||||||||||||||
|
Read-only access to tables: INPUT
|
CPU INFO: 4 Cores, 1 Sockets, 4 Hardware Threads
CPU DESC: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4440 CPU @ 3.10GHz 6144 KB cache
HOST MEMORY (MB): 32065
OS PROFILE: Linux 3.19.0-58-generic amd64 en_US
JAVA VERSION: 1.8.0_91
JAVA RUNTIME: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (1.8.0_91-b14)
JAVA VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.91-b14, mixed mode)
| This sizing worksheet is designed to help VoltDB application developers estimate the amount of memory the user data will require in an application. These estimates include user data and most of the per-row data structure overhead for that data. Memory use that is not proportional to the amount of data (e.g., the Java heap and any temporary buffers and caches) is not included. |
|
| Name | Type | Count | Row Min | Row Max | Index Min | Index Max | Table Min | Table Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| input | Table | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 28000 | 28000 | |
CREATE TABLE INPUT ( ID integer, X float, Y float, TIME bigint ); No indexes defined on table. |
| 1 | tables whose row data is expected to use about | 28000 | of memory. | ||
| 0 | materialized views whose row data is expected to use about | 0 | of memory. | ||
| 0 | indexes whose key data and overhead is expected to use about | 0 | of memory. | ||
| Total user data is expected to use about | 28000 | of memory. |


Labs
Questions and Solutions for all Labs held
Table of Contents
Lab 1
Question 1
Q: Fire the terminal and run the ps
command on the terminal without any arguments. What output do you see? Where is this program being run?
A: Reports a snapshot of the current processes. By default it returns the Process ID, the terminal, the duration, and command that is running. The TTY corresponding to ps gives the terminal in which this ps command is running.
Question 2
Q: Fire up a program. Can you see it using ps
?
A: No. To list all programs run by the user run ps -e
instead of ps
.
Question 3
Q: Look at the manual for ps using man ps. Try out the command with all the flags and note the output in each case.
A:
Run man ps
in your terminal
Question 4
Q: How can you get details of all the running processes?
A:
Run ps -e -l
in your terminal. The -e
option displays all processes running. The -l
option is for displaying the information in long format i.e. to display more information for each process than the plain ps
command.
Question 5
Q: Which order are the above processes sorted by? Can you sort them using same criteria but opposite order?
A:
They processes are sorted by the process ID by default. Inorder to reverse sort by process ID use ps --sort -pid -e
.
Question 6
Q: Can you sort them using some other criteria? i.e. by CPU usage?
A: Use ps --sort=-%cpu -au
. -au
gives all the information about the processes run by the current user.
Question 7
Q: Use ps to find unique users?
A:
Run ps -eo user --no-header | sort -u
.
Question 8
Q: Find number of processes per user.
A:
Run ps -eo user --no-header | sort | uniq -c
.
Question 9
Q: Find process by PID.
A:
Run ps <PID>
. If the process you want to see has PID 1234, run ps 1243
to find its parent.
Question 10
Q: Find its parent.
A:
Run ps -o ppid= -p <PID>
. If the child has PID 1234, run ps -o ppid= -p 1234
.
Question 11
Q: Find details of multiple processes using PID list.
A:
If you want to find information about PIDs 123, 234 and 456 run ps =p 123,234,456
.
Question 12
Q: Use -o
to output PID, PPID.
A: Run ps -o pid,ppid
.
Question 13
Q: Find total running time of all processes.
A: For running time of single process (suppose PID is 1) run ps -p -1 -o etime
. For running time of all processes run ps -eo user, label, etime
.
Question 14
Q: Sort processes in decreasing order of running time.
A: Run ps -eo user, label, etime --sort=-etime
.
Question 15
Q: Use watch
utility to perform real-time monitoring over ps
.
A: Run watch -n 1 'ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head'
. -n 1
specifies the refresh rate to be 1 second. You can set it to decimals like 0.1 seconds (-n 0.1
) too.
Question 16
Q: Change the monitoring period of watch
A: Run watch -n 0.1 'ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head'
. -n 0.1
specifies the monitoring frequency to be 0.1 seconds.
Lab 2
Question 1
Q: Write a program that calls fork()
. Before calling fork()
, have the main process access a variable (e.g., x
) and set its value to something (e.g., 100
). What value is the variable in the child process? What happens to the variable when both the child and parent change the value of x?
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int myVariable = 100;
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
printf("Value of myVariable before fork is %d\n", myVariable);
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit`
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
printf("Value of myVariable from child is %d\n", myVariable);
printf("Changing the value of myVariable in child to 200\n");
myVariable = 200;
printf("The changed value of myVariable from child is %d\n", myVariable);
}
else
{
// parent goes down this path (original process)
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (pid:%d)\n",
rc, (int)getpid());
printf("Value of myVariable from parent after fork is %d\n", myVariable);
printf("Changing the value of myVariable in parent to 300\n");
myVariable = 300;
printf("The changed value of myVariable from parent is %d\n", myVariable);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
hello world (pid:529)
Value of myVariable before fork is 100
hello, I am parent of 530 (pid:529)
Value of myVariable from parent after fork is 100
Changing the value of myVariable in parent to 300
The changed value of myVariable from parent is 300
hello, I am child (pid:530)
Value of myVariable from child is 100
Changing the value of myVariable in child to 200
The changed value of myVariable from child is 200
Observation: The child and parent have separate copies of the variable and changing one doesn’t affect the other.
Question 2
Q: Write a program that opens a file (with the open()
system call) and then calls fork()
to create a new process. Can both the child and parent access the file descriptor returned by open()
? What happens when they are writing to the file concurrently, i.e., at the same time?
Code for simultaneous reading:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
int fd = open("q2.c", O_RDONLY);
if(fd == -1 ){
printf("Unable to open the file\n exiting....\n");
return 0;
}
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit`
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
char myChar;
read(fd, &myChar,1);
printf("Reading a character from the file from child and printing it\n%c\n", myChar);
}
else
{
wait(NULL);
// parent goes down this path (original process)
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (pid:%d)\n",
rc, (int)getpid());
char myChar;
read(fd, &myChar,1);
printf("Reading a character from the file from parent and printing it\n%c\n", myChar);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
hello world (pid:754)
hello, I am child (pid:755)
Reading a character from the file from child and printing it
#
hello, I am parent of 755 (pid:754)
Reading a character from the file from parent and printing it
i
Observation: Both share the same descriptor.
Code for simultaneous writing:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
int fd = open("myFile.txt", O_CREAT|O_RDWR);
if(fd == -1 ){
printf("Unable to open the file\n exiting....\n");
return 0;
}
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit`
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
char myChar='a';
write(fd, &myChar,1);
printf("writing a character to the file from child\n");
}
else
{
//wait(NULL);
// parent goes down this path (original process)
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (pid:%d)\n",
rc, (int)getpid());
char myChar='b';
write(fd, &myChar,1);
printf("writing a character to the file from parent\n");
}
return 0;
}
Observation: Both can write to the same file, but their outputs in file will appear in some random order.
Question 3
Q: Write another program using fork()
. The child process should print “hello”; the parent process should print “goodbye”. You should try to ensure that the child process always prints first; can you do this without calling wait() in the parent?
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int myVariable = 100;
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit`
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
;
}
// parent goes down this path (original process)
printf("goodbye, I am parent of %d (pid:%d)\n",
rc, (int)getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Output:
hello world (pid:994)
hello, I am child (pid:995)
goodbye, I am parent of 995 (pid:994)
Observation: We can use for
loop to implement waiting for some time. Alternatively you could use sleep()
.
Question 4
Q: Write a program that calls fork()
and then calls some form of exec()
to run the program /bin/ls
. See if you can try all of the variants of exec()
, including (on Linux) execl()
, execle()
, execlp()
, execv()
, execvp()
, and execvpe()
. Why do you think there are so many variants of the same basic call?
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h> //this header is important
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
// int execl(const char *pathname, const char *arg, ...
// /* (char *) NULL */);
// int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...
// /* (char *) NULL */);
// int execle(const char *pathname, const char *arg, ...
// /*, (char *) NULL, char *const envp[] */);
// int execv(const char *pathname, char *const argv[]);
// int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
// int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[],
// char *const envp[]);
// Function Description POSIX?
// execl() NULL-terminated argument list Yes
// execle() NULL-terminated argument list, specify the new process's environment Yes
// execlp() NULL-terminated argument list, search for the new process in PATH Yes
// execlpe() NULL-terminated argument list, search for the new process in PATH, specify the new process's environment No
// execv() NULL-terminated array of arguments Yes
// execve() NULL-terminated array of arguments, specify the new process's environment Yes
// execvp() NULL-terminated array of arguments, search for the new process in PATH Yes
// execvpe() NULL-terminated array of arguments, search for the new process in PATH, specify the new process's environment No
char *myargs[3];
myargs[0] = strdup("ls"); // program: "ls"
myargs[1] = strdup("-a"); // argument:
myargs[2] = NULL; // marks end of array
char *const envp[2] = {"", NULL}; // here you can set environment variables.
//uncomment the next line to execute execvp
//execvp(myargs[0], myargs);
execle("/usr/bin/ls", "-a", NULL, envp);
printf("this shouldn't print out");
}
else
{
// parent goes down this path (original process)
int wc = wait(NULL);
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (wc:%d) (pid:%d)\n",
rc, wc, (int)getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Output:
hello world (pid:1213)
hello, I am child (pid:1214)
'1 copy.c' 1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c a.out myFile.txt
hello, I am parent of 1214 (wc:1214) (pid:1213)
Question 5
Q: Now write a program that uses wait()
to wait for the child process to finish in the parent. What does wait()
return? What happens if you use wait()
in the child?
Code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int) getpid());
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0) {
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
} else if (rc == 0) {
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int) getpid());
sleep(1);
} else {
// parent goes down this path (original process)
int wc = wait(NULL);
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (wc:%d) (pid:%d)\n",
rc, wc, (int) getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Code (with wait in child):
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
printf("hello world (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc == 0)
{
// child (new process)
printf("hello, I am child (pid:%d)\n", (int)getpid());
sleep(1);
int wc = wait(NULL);
printf("The value of return from wait in child program is %d\n", wc);
}
else
{
// parent goes down this path (original process)
int wc = wait(NULL);
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (wc:%d) (pid:%d)\n",
rc, wc, (int)getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Observations: wait()
returns the PID of the child process when used in the parent. wait()
returns the -1
when used in the child.
Question 6
Q: Write a slight modification of the previous program, this time using waitpid()
instead of wait()
. When would waitpid()
be useful?

// If PID is greater than 0, match any process whose process ID is PID.
// If PID is (pid_t) -1, match any process.
// If PID is (pid_t) 0, match any process with the
// same process group as the current process.
// If PID is less than -1, match any process whose
// process group is the absolute value of PID.
// If the WNOHANG bit is set in OPTIONS, and that child
// is not already dead, return (pid_t) 0. If successful,
// return PID and store the dead child's status in STAT_LOC.
// Return (pid_t) -1 for errors. If the WUNTRACED bit is
// set in OPTIONS, return status for stopped children; otherwise don't.
pid_t wc = waitpid(rc, &status, WUNTRACED);
printf("hello, I am parent of %d (wc:%d) (pid:%d)\n",
rc, wc, (int)getpid());
}
return 0;
}
Observation: waitpid
allows for more finegrained control over which process to wait for, what to wait
Question 7
Q: Write a program that creates a child process, and then in the child closes standard output (STDOUT FILENO
). What happens if the child calls printf()
to print some output after closing the descriptor?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int rc = fork();
if (rc < 0) {
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
} else if (rc == 0) {
// child: redirect standard output to a file
close(STDOUT_FILENO);
open("theoutput.txt", O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC, S_IRWXU);
printf("I am printing from the child\n");
} else {
// parent goes down this path (original process)
int wc = wait(NULL);
assert(wc >= 0);
}
return 0;
}
Observation: If you don’t open a file to redirect the output printed by the child, the output is lost.
Question 8
Q: Write a program that creates two children, and connects the standard output of one to the standard input of the other, using the pipe()
system call.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int fd1[2]; // Used to store two ends of first pipe
//[0] is the reading end
//[1] is the writing end
if (pipe(fd1) == -1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Pipe Failed");
return 1;
}
int rc1 = fork();
if (rc1 < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc1 == 0)
{ //body of the first child
// child: redirect standard output to a file
//setting the standard output of first child to end of the pipe
/* Standard file descriptors. */
// #define STDIN_FILENO 0 /* Standard input. */
// #define STDOUT_FILENO 1 /* Standard output. */
// #define STDERR_FILENO 2 /* Standard error output. */
dup2(fd1[1], 1); // redirect stdout
printf("Hello this is a message from first child\n");
}
else
{
int rc2 = fork();
if (rc2 < 0)
{
// fork failed; exit
fprintf(stderr, "fork failed\n");
exit(1);
}
else if (rc2 == 0)
{
//body of the second child
dup2(fd1[0], STDIN_FILENO); //setting the input of second child to output of first)
sleep(1);
char message[100];
//scanf("%s",message);
gets(message);
printf("The message from the first child is \"%s\"\n", message);
}
else
{
//body of the parent
//sleep(1);
wait(NULL);
}
}
return 0;
}


Thompson
In the following example we load the boolean ad dataset containing 10.000 samples and 10 features (ads). We will investigate which ad was most succesful.
# Import library
import thompson as th
# Load example data
df = th.import_example()
# Compute which ad is best using multi-armed bandits
results = th.thompson(df)
# Plot
fig = th.plot(results)
UCB-Upper confidence Bound
In the following example we load the boolean ad dataset containing 10.000 samples and 10 features (ads). We will investigate which ad was most succesful.
# Import library
import thompson as th
# Load example data
df = th.import_example()
# Compute which ad is best using multi-armed bandits
results = th.UCB(df)
# Plot
fig = th.plot(results)
Randomized data
In the following example we load the boolean ad dataset containing 10.000 samples and 10 features (ads). We will investigate which ad was most succesful when randomizing the data.
# Import library
import thompson as th
# Load example data
df = th.import_example()
# Compute which ad is best using multi-armed bandits
results = th.UCB_random(df)
# Plot
fig = th.plot(results)


Create a function called map that takes two inputs:
Have map return a new array filled with numbers that are the result of using the 'callback' function on each element of the input array.
map([1,2,3,4,5], multiplyByTwo); //-> [2,4,6,8,10] multiplyByTwo(1); //-> 2 multiplyByTwo(2); //-> 4


I am getting some weird effect with the temp readings from my DS18B20 temp sensor on an emonTX 2.2
I have tried it with the example temp sketches and my own modified CT123 sketch and get the same results
The readings from the sensor randomly jump up to 85 deg c and then back down to ambient successively. It then might have a period of stable operation and then go back to cycling up to 85 deg c again.
See attached screen grab of a typical emonCMS temp graph from today.
Anyone got any idea what might be causing this?
Thanks
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Wow, that's a lot of spikes! I think 85 dec C is an error value. Check the connections between the sensor and the emonTx. Have you got another sensor you can try?
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Interesting ; I'm seeing spikes also though I hope I'm not diverting from your problem which seems different.... For my application, I'm measuring 2 temps and every 10 hours, the reading spikes....see attached. Have you verified your connections - did you get this from the shop here or wire it up yourself? I would strip it down and check it ; as well as swapping to another emontx if you have one spare. Do you have a long cable run?
Eamonn
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Actually, my spikes were at 10 hours intervals initially, but to me, (for my issue) it looks like interference from the heat exchanger relay or something else that's 'kicking' in, in my installation. I bought the 2 sensors from the shop here but have extended the cable using standard 3 core non shielded cable. I think I need shielded cable....
Eamonn
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Hi Eamonn
Sorry been away for the weekend, yes I bought the sensor in the shop. I've looked at the soldering connections and all look OK. Will be trying the emonTX I have in another location to see if it makes any difference. I'm wondering if it's the jack sockets on the board which are a little fiddly?
Alastair
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Hi,
I've had the same issue in the past. I think you'll find that it registers 85c when there is no connection. As in, it thinks all the bits are low. If you are only using 2 wires I suggest moving to 3. Also I found having a larger gap between the readings can help.
If you have a look on the arduino play ground under the one wire sensors they have some info about these kinds of issues there.
The easiest option is to just discard anything > 80.
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
I'm in the process of moving my 1-wire network over to an Emontx (once I can get it working - see other thread). What you are seeing is not uncommon on a 1-wire network, rather than necessarily Emontx related. I currently run a 7 sensor daisy chain network over telephone wire into an eepc running ubuntu - and I was getting similar issues. Some people have reduced the problem by powering the 1-wire network separately from the data line (i.e move to 3 wires). I decided to just ignore >50C values for the house and outside sensors. For the solar HW and cylinder sensors (which may well legitimately see >80C values) I compare with the previous reading and throw away if there's a >10C difference. I read the network every 10 minutes.
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
OK, just looked at your PDF - that is a lot of spikes. I was only getting them 4-5 times in 24 hrs. What cable are your using,and what is the arrangement (daisy chain etc), are you operating with 2 wires ('parasitic') or 3 wires (powered)?
Re: DS18B20 temp spikes with emonTX
Dont know about the network topology (lenght of wiring, star or line) and does that meet 1-wire standards to comment directly on this problem, but as overall comment having built a 1-wire network of around 15meters in lenght with ~10 sensors for monitoring heatpumps and house heating system.
If parasitic design (two wires) there according to my memory are severe limitations and design recommendations to make it working ( http://www.1wire.org/Files/Articles/1-Wire-Design%20Guide%20v1.0.pdf ). Therefore I would only run the networks as powered (three wires) and even still ensure there is adequate voltage in the network.
Interested in to follow up this topic as starting to move the network gradually to emonTX and definately will only continue to use the powered (3 wire) design.


Image Classification with ml5.JS
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---
layout: weather_layout
backPage:
backPageLink:
nextPage:
nextPageLink:
bgColor: FFBF00
title: Developer
descr: "Do you want to develop an android weather app?. Read this tutorial and you can find all the information to create and android app. Here you can find source code about android weather"
---
Getting started
If you come here, you are a developer that wants to extend the library and add some new features.
The first step of course is downloading the source code and you can do it following github guide.
Once you have the code you can extend the library in several areas:
- Add new features
- Add new weather provider
- Add new transport layer
- Custom icons
- Custom UI components
Add new feature
Even if Android Weatherlib supports several features and several weather providers, there is of course space for
adding new features. By now the main features are supported like Current Weather, Forecast, Historical Data, and of course if you want to add new features you can improve the library. Keep in mind that
you should provide all weather provider implementation, or if one or more provider doesn't support this feature you should throw UnsupportedException.
Add new weather provider
If you want to add a new weather provider the first thing you have to do is implementing IWeatherProvider.
In this class, you have to implement specific protocol details and parse the response extracting the data from the response itself.
In this class, you don't have to worry about network implementation because it is already implemented in the transport layer.
Other that the specific class that parses the response you have to implement other two classes:
- One that implements IProviderType
- One that implements IWeatherCodeProvider
The first class, that implements IProviderType that is used to return the FQN of the classes that have to be instantiated.
For example in the case of Openweathermap the class is:
public class YahooProviderType implements IProviderType {
@Override
public String getProviderClass() {
return "com.survivingwithandroid.weather.lib.provider.yahooweather.YahooWeatherProvider";
}
@Override
public String getCodeProviderClass() {
return "com.survivingwithandroid.weather.lib.provider.yahooweather.YahooWeatherCodeProvider";
}
}


ESPN’s college football analysts have updated their bowl predictions following Week 13 of the 2019 college football season. There’s been a bit of a shakeup.
Week 13 was highlighted by Oregon’s stunning upset loss to Arizona State. The Ducks’ defeat has taken them out of the College Football Playoff race.
Ohio State notched the best win of the week, meanwhile. The Buckeyes took down Penn State at Ohio Stadium to lock up a spot in the Big Ten Championship Game.
ESPN’s bowl predictions have shifted a bit following Week 13’s games.
Here are the latest picks:
College Football Playoff Semifinal at the PlayStation Fiesta Bowl: Ohio State vs. Clemson
College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl: LSU vs. Oklahoma
Allstate Sugar Bowl: Alabama vs. Baylor
Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual: Utah vs. Wisconsin
Capital One Orange Bowl: Georgia vs. Virginia Tech


Find your special friend in the White House!
Take our 10 question quiz...
...to find your best dating match in Trump's pool of current and cormer white house staffers!
Take the Quiz!


Graduated 2016
Degree Computer Science
According to US News, Cal's Computer Science undergraduate program is amongst the top ten. My curriculum focused on SaaS, software engineering, networks, and user interfaces. I am also extensively trained in the fundamentals of computer science, data structures, and computer architecture.
Lower Division Courses
The Structure and Interpretation of Computer ProgramsCS 61A
Although commonly known as Berkeley's introductory Computer Science course, CS 61A goes above and beyond to teach the importance of knowing a programming language's environment, functional programming, and programming algorithms, and object-oriented programming. It also covers streams, generators, sqlite, compilers, and cluster programming. The course is taught in Python.
Data Structures CS 61B
With regards to Data Structures, the course extensively covered hash maps (dictionaries), linked lists, sorting algorithms, stacks/queues, and trees (with algorithms including but not limited to binary-search and balanced-search algorithms). It also extensively covered object-oriented programming with topics such as inheritance, variable/method types, access modifiers, and abstraction. The course is taught in Java.
Computer Architecture CS 61C
61C delves deep into memory management, I/O, parallelism, and virtual memory. It primarily focuses on low-level programming, teaching the use of pointers, openMP, MIPS, and caches. It also heavily covers clusters, teaching hadoop and MapReduce. The course is taught in C and Assembly.
Upper Division Courses
User Interfaces CS 160
Focusing on mobile and watch software development, this course teaches modality, storyboarding, the Design Cycle, affordance, and usability testing (amongst many other user-interface related topics). Primarily, the course project requires students to build an Android application that utilizes a smart watch. I used this course as motivation to build BACTracker. The course is taught in Java, or specifically, Android.
Software Engineering CS 169
Focusing on both the programming and practical methods of Software Engineering, this course covers networking, web engineering frameworks, SaaS, and the Agile Lifecycle. In this course, I was able to learn Javascript, Ruby, and the Ruby on Rails web framework. I also got to work with College Track, a company created by Steve Jobbs wife Laura. See more in projects. The course is taught in JavaScript and Ruby.
Networking CS 168
This course covers the essence of networking, including, E2E with TCP/IP, routing/routers, DNS, conjestion control, and internet security. In this class we were assigned four projects involving routing, TCP/IP, and Firewalls (which consisted of two parts). See projects for more details. The course was taught in Python.
Operating Systems CS 162
With a strong emphasis on machine architecture and low level programming, this course was almost an extension of 61C (yet more focused on operating systems). This course covered a lot of material. It covered HTTP and the Internet, filesystems, the kernal, memory management, the CPU, threads, processes, semaphores, locks, deadlocks, and more. The course was taught in C.
Artificial Intelligence CS 188
Split up into four projects, this course covers the different search-types (breadth, depth, a-star, and more), min/max, MDP, and machine learning. The course was taught in Python.


WITNESS LIST State Affairs Committee May 2, 2005 - 9:00A HB 633 Registering, but not testifying: On: Harrison, Tom (TX. Co. & District Retirement System), Austin, TX Krueger, Tom (Texas Co. & District Retirement System), Austin, TX HB 854 Registering, but not testifying: For: Smith, Patrick (Texas Society of Professional Surveyors), Austin, TX SB 469 FOR: Green, Shelton (Texas Association of Business), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Rummel, Leah (Texas Association of Healthplans), Austin, TX On: Bingham, Bill (Texas Department of Insurance), Austin, TX SB 1128 FOR: Borel, Dennis (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Austin, TX Carden, Kenneth (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Dallas, TX Cardenas, Gus (AARP), Austin, TX Guller, Gary (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Austin, TX Harris, Mikail John Rev. (Coalition of Texans with Disabilities), Austin, TX Middleton, Glen P. (Texas Paralyzed Veterans Association of America), Helotes, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Brown, William K. (AARP - Texans 98 San Jacinto #750), Austin, TX Lee, Tim (Texas Retired Teachers Association), Austin, TX Rodriguez, Tomas (AARP - Texas), Austin, TX Suiter, Kim (National Multiple Sclerosis Society), Austin, TX On: Hinojosa, Walter (Texas AFL-CIO), Austin, TX SB 1312 FOR: Levy, Rick (TX AFL-CIO), Austin, TX Littles, Paula (TX AFL-CIO), Austin, TX ON: Medley, Lee (United Steelworkers Region), Pasadena, TX Shipe, Bob (Texas Workers' Compensation Commission), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Arabie, Joseph R. (TX AFL-CIO), Austin, TX Hinojosa, Walter (TX AFL-CIO), Austin, TX On: Briseno, Elias (Department of State Health Services), Austin, TX SB 1404 FOR: Marsden, Julia (League of Women Voters of Texas), Austin, TX ON: Howard, Robert (Libertarian Party of Texas), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Barkan, Maxine (Self), Austin, TX Finch, Mary (Self), Austin, TX Smith, Tom "Smitty" (Public Citizen), Austin, TX Woodford, Suzy (Common Cause Texas), Austin, TX SB 1511 FOR: Bailey, Chuck (Texas Propane Gas Association), Austin, TX Dale, Tony (FerrellGas, Inc.), Austin, TX Denman, Jack (Texas Propane Gas Association, Denman Propane, Denman Cylinder Exch.), Dallas, TX Green, Joe (Green's Blue Flame Gas Co. Inc.), Houston, TX AGAINST: Choate, Guy (Texas Trial Lawyers Association), Austin, TX Registering, but not testifying: For: Bishop, Marty (FerrellGas), Killeen, TX Van Hoy, Bill (Texas Propane Gas Association), Austin, TX Against: Smith, Tom "Smitty" (Public Citizen), Austin, TX SB 1691 Registering, but not testifying: For: Rogers, Tom "L.T." Co-Chairman (TRTA State Legislative Committee), Austin, TX


Let ABC be a triangle, and let one side of it BC be produced to D.
I say that the exterior angle ACD equals the sum of the two interior and opposite angles CAB and ABC, and the sum of the three interior angles of the triangle ABC, BCA, and CAB equals two right angles.
Draw CE through the point C parallel to the straight line AB.
Since AB is parallel to CE, and AC falls upon them, therefore the alternate angles BAC and ACE equal one another.
Again, since AB is parallel to CE, and the straight line BD falls upon them, therefore the exterior angle ECD equals the interior and opposite angle ABC.
But the angle ACE was also proved equal to the angle BAC. Therefore the whole angle ACD equals the sum of the two interior and opposite angles BAC and ABC.
Add the angle ACB to each. Then the sum of the angles ACD and ACB equals the sum of the three angles ABC, BCA, and CAB.
But the sum of the angles ACD and ACB equals two right angles. Therefore the sum of the angles ABC, BCA, and CAB also equals two right angles.
Therefore in any triangle, if one of the sides is produced, then the exterior angle equals the sum of the two interior and opposite angles, and the sum of the three interior angles of the triangle equals two right angles.
Corollary 1. The sum of the interior angles of a convex rectilinear figure equals twice as many angles as the figure has sides, less four.
Corollary 2. The sum of the exterior angles of any convex rectilinear figure together equal four right angles.


{% extends 'skeleton.html' %} {% block body %} {% filter markdown %} # Missing The page or article you were looking for is not (or no longer) here. {% endfilter %} {% endblock %}


FBI set to swoop on Jeffrey Epstein pals alleged to have groomed underage girls
EXCLUSIVE: US prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to arrest former aides of US tycoon Jeffeey Epstein, found hanged in his prison cell in August while awaiting trial
by Mike ParkerFBI agents are poised to arrest at least four people alleged to have groomed underage girls for Prince Andrew’s paedophile friend Jeffrey Epstein, a legal source said.
But the insider said Andrew was not among the suspects.
One of Epstein’s alleged victims Virginia Giuffre has claimed the financier “trafficked” her to the Duke of York and she had sex with him when she was 17.
The prince, 59, has called the claims “false and without foundation” and said he was “appalled” by Epstein’s alleged crimes.
It was revealed US prosecutors believe they have enough evidence to arrest former aides of the US tycoon, 66.
The source said: “They are ready to ask a judge to issue arrest warrants which will, I understand, be acted on immediately.
“The FBI is targeting those suspected of being involved specifically in the recruitment of underage girls in America, Britain and even Brazil.”
If convicted, they could face life behind bars.
The insider added: “I doubt any will be offered the opportunity of a plea bargain deal based on the gravity of the offences and high profile of this case.
But some could be handed less severe sentences if they cooperate.
“Who knows how far up the food chain this investigation will eventually go? I have no doubt there will be less significant players willing to drop the hammer on those above.”
Giuffre, 35, is one of several women who claim Epstein abused them.
He was found hanged in his cell in August while awaiting trial.
His brother Mark says he could have been murdered.


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4146858: Wrong
DefaultButton behavior in Windows & Motif L&Fs
4166803:
Focus set incorrectly on JInternalFrames
4172991:
Microsoft Windows PLAF: Alt key for menus doesn't work
4183333:
Please provide different WindowsLookAndFeel Border for
JPopupMenu
4196518:
Windows L&F JInternalFrame menus Disabled system menu items
should get focus
4199085:
JButtons are too tall and too narrow in Windows look and
feel.
4199382:
Swing Menus - text/icon/checkmark alignment schemes severely
broken
4201986:
Swing Tooltips not honoring desktop setting for tooltip
font
4249732:
JComboBox (Windows L&F) does not resemble native Windows
combo
4252279:
JFileChooser behavior under the windows look and feel on a
"new folder"
4253171:
white JTabbedPane on a white JPanel in windows L&F does not
paint correctly
4264764:
JButton has wrong margin in a JToolBar with Windows LAF
4268204:
Windows Look&Feel doesn't look and feel like Windows
4268306:
JToolBar uses wrong interior padding w/ Windows LF
4302970:
WindowsDesktopManager does not look and feel like Windows
4337049:
Background color on JComboBox also changes color of drop down
button
Note: There may be additional Windows look&feel bugs not on this list because they have not yet been tagged with the "w2k" keyword.


Vincent Carey Biostatistics/Genome Bioinformatics
Vince Carey's team works on
Bioconductor
, NCI ITCR,
NHGRI AnVIL
, and various
NIH clinical
trials
Download
ZIP File
Download
TAR Ball
View On
GitHub
Our institutional and physical homes
Channing Division of Network Medicine
Landmark Center Boston
Recent talks
Software ecosystem concepts for federated genomic data science
GA4GH meets Bioconductor
Clustering and visualization from CSAMA 2019
Our apps for genomic data science
Interpreting RNA-seq derived haplotypes
Exploring and retrieving subsets of 43000 cancer transcriptomes not in TCGA
Exploring the IvyGAP Glioblastoma RNA-seq data with image-derived phenotyping
Software (aka the Channingverse)
Annotated index
More resources and references coming soon! This site was begun 20 June 2019!


pip_services3_rpc.services.HttpRequestDetector module
- class pip_services3_rpc.services.HttpRequestDetector.HttpRequestDetector
Bases:
object
Helper class that retrieves parameters from HTTP requests.
- static detect_address(req: bottle.BaseRequest) str
Detects the IP address from which the given HTTP request was received.
- Parameters
req – an HTTP request to process.
- Returns
the detected IP address (without a port). If no IP is detected -
None will be returned.
- static detect_browser(req: bottle.BaseRequest) str
Detects the browser (using “user-agent”) from which the given HTTP request was made.
- Parameters
req – an HTTP request to process.
- Returns
the detected browser. Detectable browsers: “chrome”, “msie”, “firefox”,
“safari”. Otherwise - “unknown” will be returned.
- static detect_platform(req: bottle.BaseRequest) str
Detects the platform (using “user-agent”) from which the given HTTP request was made.
- Parameters
req – an HTTP request to process.
- Returns
the detected platform and version. Detectable platforms: “mobile”, “iphone”,
“ipad”, “macosx”, “android”, “webos”, “mac”, “windows”. Otherwise - “unknown” will be returned.
- static detect_server_host(req: bottle.BaseRequest) str
Detects the host name of the request’s destination server.
- Parameters
req – an HTTP request to process.
- Returns
the destination server’s host name.
- static detect_server_port(req: bottle.BaseRequest) str
Detects the request’s destination port number.
- Parameters
req – an HTTP request to process.
- Returns
the detected port number or 80 (if none are detected).


The talented Man Utd youngster Wales fans are yet to see and the transfer decision he faces at Old Trafford
He's got a bright future ahead of him
by Ian MitchelmoreHe's one of two uncapped players in Wales' 27-man squad for the upcoming Euro 2020 qualifiers with Azerbaijan and Hungary.
And Dylan Levitt is a name members of the Red Wall can expect to hear plenty more about in the future.
The Bodelwyddan-born youngster - who turns 19 during the international break - signed a new long-term contract with Manchester United last week, with his new deal set to keep him at Old Trafford until 2022 while the Red Devils also have the option to extend that by one year.
He's clearly highly rated by those in Manchester, and the same applies when it comes to the coaching staff at the FAW.
Levitt impressed during Wales' training camps in Cardiff and the Algarve region of Portugal earlier this year, so much so that Ryan Giggs called him up to the Red Dragons' senior squad for the June double-header against Croatia and Hungary.
Speaking in May, Giggs said: "I know more about Dylan because he is at United.
"I have spoken to (Nicky) Butty about him a few times, seen him a few times live on TV and in person.
"He is similar to (Manchester City and Wales player) Matty Smith – he wants to get the ball down, wants to pass and get in different positions.
"He impressed me last week and that is why he is in the squad."
Despite not getting any minutes under his belt for the senior team in 2019, Levitt harbours hopes of making his bow in the current international break.
And Wales Under-21s manager Paul Bodin admits there's every chance Levitt could feature against either Azerbaijan or Hungary, particularly with Joe Allen being suspended against the former.
"Dylan Levitt dropped down to us for the last game and did really well in Moldova, he was one of the shining lights," said Bodin.
"With Joe Allen out, he's gone back up to the senior squad so it gives another player the opportunity to come into the under-21s. We wish Dyl well but obviously we wish he was with us.
"He's 19 during the next camp. I'm sure his mum will bring a cake along to the seniors as she did in the under-19s group last year!"

And former Wales international Bodin admits the youngster now needs to make the step up to senior football to further develop his game.
"He's a great player. What he has to do now at some stage is get some senior football at club level," added Bodin.
"Whether that's going out on loan or breaking into the first team and Manchester United, whether he can do that I'm not quite sure yet.
"But he's young and he's an incredible potential as Ryan has obviously realised.
"The fact he's gone back up against having dropped down to us shows he's more than capable.
"But at some stage he will need some senior exposure and hopefully he could even make his debut in the next campaign.
" He has progressed quite well. He plays under-23s football regularly and probably at his age and at a club like Man United, that is good progression.
"But at some stage, probably in the next 18 months, I'm sure that (possible loan move) will be something that's discussed."
Wales take on Azerbaijan at Baku's Bakcell Arena on Saturday, November 16 before ending their Euro 2020 qualifying campaign against Hungary at Cardiff City Stadium three days later.
The under-21s battle it out with Bosnia & Herzegovina in a Euro qualifier at Wrexham's Racecourse Ground on Tuesday, November 19.


User Story:
- I can POST a URL to
/api/shorturl/new
and I will receive a shortened URL in the JSON response.
Example :{"original_url":"www.google.com","short_url":1}
- If I pass an invalid URL that doesn't follow the
http(s)://www.example.com(/more/routes)
format, the JSON response will contain an error like{"error":"invalid URL"}
HINT: to be sure that the submitted url points to a valid site you can use the functiondns.lookup(host, cb)
from thedns
core module. - When I visit the shortened URL, it will redirect me to my original link.
Short URL Creation
example: POST /api/shorturl/new
- https://www.google.com
Example Usage:
/api/shorturl/3Will Redirect to:
https://forum.freecodecamp.com


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This is a crappy-looking login page for Publ's tests. It is purposefully sparse. {% if user %} The current user is {{user.name}}, who belongs to groups [{{', '.join(user.groups)}}]. {%else%} Nobody is currently logged in. {% endif %}
Some other Authl config stuff:
Accepted auth methods:


Let's get recursive
A superficial examination of recursion in JavaScript
May 8, 2015
Recursion happens when a function calls itself.
Let's start with a simple example, where the function countDown will log the first argument to the console and then calls itself, but this time with the argument - 1.
Take note that countDown also breaks out of the loop once the argument hits 0.
We can see how this example is really similar to a loop.
According to my various readings on recursion, loops will usually get the job done just fine. They cost less memory as well. But sometimes recursion looks better and is more logical to the human programmer.
One classic example of recursion is calculating a factorial. This is thoroughly worked through in the JavaScript Recursion course on Codecademy.
The factorial of a number is calculated by multiplying the number times the number minus 1, times the number minus 2, and all the way down until you hit 1.
So, if you wanted the factorial of 5, you multiply 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1. Let's look at this in JavaScript.
This is just a very first toe-dipping into recursion, but if you can grasp these simple concepts you'll be on your way to understanding the real stuff.


Linear Algebra I¶
| Learning Objectives | |
|---|---|
| 1 | Develop an intuition for matrix transpose |
| 2 | Become familiar with the notion of a determinant |
| 3 | Become familiar with the process of a matrix inverse |
transposes, dot products, determinants, and inverses¶
Quick reference¶
Here we provide a summary the important commands that have already been introduced.
| NumPy command | Note |
|---|---|
| a.ndim | returns the num. of dimensions or the rank |
| a.shape | returns the num. of rows and colums |
| a.size | returns the num. of rows and colums |
| arange(start,stop,step) | returns a sequence vector |
| linspace(start,stop,steps) | returns a evenly spaced sequence in the specificed interval |
| dot(a,b) | matrix multiplication |
| vstack([a,b]) | stack arrays a and b vertically |
| hstack([a,b]) | stack arrays a and b horizontally |
| where(a>x) | returns elements from an array depending on condition |
| argsort(a) | returns the sorted indices of an input array |
Transposes¶
A matrix transpose is an operation that Takes an \(m \times n\) matrix and turns into an \(n \times m\) matrix where the rows of the original matrix are the columns in the transposed matrix, and visa versa.
Recall that it is convention to represent vectors as column matrices.
A column matrix
and when written using NumPy is as follows.
>>> x = np.array([[3,4,5,6]]).T
The .T
indicates the use of a transpose, a matrix operation that you have been using already. A row matrix is then written as:
>>> x = np.array([[3,4,5,6]])
Just to ensure you really know this…
Questions
Create a row vector and a column vector version of the numbers 1-5 and print the shape of each.
Extra can you do it with
arange
?
You could write out 1-5, but here we show how to do it with arange
and the array function .reshape
.
>>> column_vector = np.arange(1,6).reshape(5,1)
>>> column_vector.shape
(5, 1)
>>> row_vector = np.arange(1,6).reshape(1,5)
>>> row_vector.shape
(1, 5)
The transpose of a \(n \times m\) matrix is a \(m \times n\) matrix with rows and columns interchanged A transpose can be thought of as the mirror image of a matrix across the main diagonal.
Properties of a transpose¶
Let \(X\) be an \(n \times m\) matrix and \(a\) a real number, then
\[(cX)^T = cX^T\]
>>> np.array_equal((X*a).T,(X.T)*a)
True
Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be \(n \times p\) matrices, then
\[(X \pm Y)^T = X^T \pm Y^T\]Let \(X\) be an \(n \times k\) matrix and \(Y\) be a \(k \times p\) matrix, then
\[(XY)^T = Y^TX^T\]
More on dot products¶
Dot products are a concept that will come up over and over in machine learning so just to be sure that you grasp it lets review and expand on the concept some.
>>> x = np.array([1,2,3,4])
Adding a constant to a vector adds the constant to each element
>>> print(x + 4)
[5 6 7 8]
Multiplying a vector by a constant multiplies each term by the constant
>>> print(x*4)
[ 4 8 12 16]
If we have two vectors \(\mathbf{x}\) and \(\mathbf{y}\) of the same length \(n\), then the dot product is given by
>>> y = np.array([4, 3, 2, 1])
>>> np.dot(x,y)
20
or more explicitly
>>> np.dot(np.array([[1,2,3,4]]), np.array([[4,3,2,1]]).T)
array([[20]])
One aspect of dot product that we have not mentioned is how dot products (and vectors for that matter) can be thought of as lines in geometric space. If \(\mathbf{x} \cdot \mathbf{y} = 0\) then \(x\) and \(y\) are orthogonal (aligns with the intuitive notion of perpindicular)
>>> w = np.array([1, 2])
>>> v = np.array([-2, 1])
>>> np.dot(w,v)
0
If we have two vectors \(\mathbf{x}\) and \(\mathbf{y}\) of the same length \(n\), then the dot product is give by matrix multiplication
Important
The dot product also called the inner product is just matrix multiplication of a \(1 \times n\) vector with an \(n \times 1\) vector.
We can also specify the outter product of two vectors as just the opposite
Matrix determinant¶
The determinant of a 2-D array is \(ad - bc\):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant
>>> a = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> np.linalg.det(a)
-2.0
The determinant is a useful value that can be computed for a square matrix. Just as the name implies a square matrix is any matrix with an equal number of rows and columns. Matrices are sometimes used as the engines to describe processes. Each step of the process may be considered a transition or transformation and the determinant in these cases serves as a scaling factor for the transformation.
Matrix inverse¶
To talk about matrix inversion we need to first introduce the identity matrix. An identity matrix is a matrix that does not change any vector when we multiply that vector by that matrix. We construct one of these matrices by setting all of the entries along the main diagonal to 1, while leaving all of the other entries at zero.
>>> np.eye(4)
array([[ 1., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 1., 0., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 1., 0.],
[ 0., 0., 0., 1.]])
The inverse of a square \(n \times n\) matrix \(X\) is an \(n \times n\) matrix \(X^{-1}\) such that
Where \(I\) is the identity matrix.
Important
If such a matrix exists, then \(X\) is said to be invertible or nonsingular otherwise \(X\) is said to be noninvertible or singular
>>> A = np.array([[-4,-2],[5,5]])
>>> A
array([[-4, -2],
[ 5, 5]])
>>> invA = np.linalg.inv(A)
>>> invA
array([[-0.5, -0.2],
[ 0.5, 0.4]])
>>> np.round(np.dot(A,invA))
array([[ 1., 0.],
[ 0., 1.]])
Because \(AA^{-1} = A^{-1}A = I\).
When \(A^{-1}\) exists, several different algorithms exist for finding it in closed form. The identify matrix is useful for solving systems of linear equations as we will see in the next section.
Properties of Inverse¶
If \(X\) is invertible, then \(X^{-1}\) is invertible and
\[(X^{-1})^{-1} = X\]If \(X\) and \(Y\) are both \(n \times n\) invertible matrices, then \(XY\) is invertible and
\[(XY)^{-1} = Y^{-1}X^{-1}\]If \(X\) is invertible, then \(X^T\) is invertible and
\[(X^T)^{-1} = (X^{-1})^T\]


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