When a character does something wrong (such as in school) or does something remarkably stupid they're shown wearing a large, white, coned shaped hat. "DUNCE" in large red letters, or a large "D", may be added for humiliation related purposes, or to exaggerate it. The character will likely be sitting on a stool in the corner, staring at the walls, as a punishment.
A variant is the "donkey ears" cap, formerly favored in France. It's what a court jester stereotypically wears.
Dunce (earlier, "dunce disciple") was derived from the name of John Duns Scotus (from Duns in Scotland), the Franciscan Scholastic philosopher, by the 16th century Renaissance and Protestant opponents of Scholasticism.
Historically, heretics on their way to the stake were forced to wear such a tall pointed cap, often with a letter painted on it to identify their type of heresy against God and the Church. This denoted that in the eyes of the Inquisition, the wearer was an obdurate heretic who had refused every reasonable offer to renounce their heresy and return to the straight and narrow path. In the eyes of people watching, it was supposed to be public humiliation.
While it is now long out of practice it is still often used in cartoons for a rather comedic effect. Compare the Japanese counterpart, Standing in the Hall, which has a similar status.
Examples:
- The Flash: Bart Allen often thinks in Rebus Bubbles; sometimes, when he (or anyone else in the immediate vicinity) says or does something stupid, or he simply does not understand what the hell is going on, a bubble will appear with the person of scorn wearing a dunce hat.
- The French "donkey ears" variant is occasionally seen in Asterix, when Getafix is trying to teach the village children.
- Green Lantern: Golden Age Green Lantern foe The Fool's costume incorporated one.

- Happens all the time in Our Gang shorts when they're in school.
- Pete's Dragon (1977) has the titualar character Pete get a dunce cap put on his head, among other things, by his teacher when he gets in trouble for things that Elliot (the dragon) has actually done as well as his seemingly farfetched claims that "It was Elliot!"
- Iron Man 3: "Dummy" is wearing one while sweeping up Tony's lab. Dummy is a robotic arm.
Tony: Do you know why you're wearing that cap? Because you EARNED it.
- Though minus the dunce cap, in Anne of Green Gables, Anne Shirley is forced to stand in front of the class with "Ann Shirley has a very bad temper. Ann Shirley must learn to control her temper" written on the board behind her as punishment for smashing her slate over Gilbert Blythe's head for calling her "Carrots".
- In The Extraordinary Education of Nicholas Benedict, a prequel book in the The Mysterious Benedict Society series, children in the orphanage which Nicholas Benedict is sent to that wake up screaming from a nightmare are forced to wear a dunce cap, at least until Nicholas changes things and makes the orphanage a better place.
- Our Miss Brooks: Dumb Jock Stretch Snodgrass is forced to wear a dunce cap in "The Mambo".
- On the old Comedy Central game show Win Ben Stein's Money, whenever a contestant would begin an answer with "What is__?", Ben Stein would slap a dunce cap on them and shout "This is not Jeopardy!"
- On Street Smarts, you could challenge you opponent to answer a question that was asked of the people on the street. If they didn't know it they'd have to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round and you won money. But if they did know it then they got the money and you got the cap.
- El Chavo del ocho: El Chavo, Quico and La Chillindrina were on remedial classes and Don Ramon and Dona Florinda were allowed to be present at class as spectators. At the end of the episode, Professor Jirafales was glad only one person in there deserved donkey ears. Don Ramon was shown wearing them.

- Saturday Night Live Digital Short "Shy Ronnie" features a kid wearing a dunce cap sitting in the back of the classroom.
- In "Little Guy, Black Hair," from Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency, Farah and Todd are both made to wear these for their execution. They even have "DUNCE" written on them.
- Kate Bush wears one in the video for "Sat In Your Lap".
- Missy Elliott briefly wears one in the video for "Work It."
- This is referenced by Jiminy Cricket in a classic Disney safety song called "Stop, Look and Listen/I'm No Fool (As a Pedestrian)", now available on the Pinocchio Legacy Collection set.
- In Calvin and Hobbes, Calvin occasionally gets a dunce cap for mouthing off in class.
- Used as a silly Bragging Rights Reward in Bully. It makes sense, though, when you realize you get it by failing three straight Classes (read: minigames).
- In Escape from Monkey Island, one puzzle is to do as badly as possible in a school so you're stuck with a dunce cap. You then have to wear it so you don't leave a splash as you hit the water during a diving competition.
- In MechQuest, your character gets one upon arriving late to his Mech Combat 101 class (by 3.0456 seconds) on his first day at GEARS University, after thinking "At least she's not going to make me wear a silly hat."
- A cursed item in NetHack that causes your intelligence and wisdom to drop when you wear it. Before being identified, it appears as "a conical hat"... indistinguishable from the useful Wizard's Hat.note
- If you try to summon an "Idiot" on Scribblenauts, you'll get a kid wearing one of these. He loves eating bugs.
- In Swim Ika Chan, a dunce cap is your main weapon (you swim upwards to poke enemies with the pointed bit).
- One of the new additional powerups in the Afertbirth DLC of The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth is a dunce cap that gives the player character permanently crossed eyes. It's also one of the biggest examples of a Power Up Letdown as it makes it so your shots only go at diagonals instead of straight, almost as if saying the player would have to be a dunce to take it (outside of certain item combinations)
- Weird and Unfortunate Things Are Happening: The Dumbass Ghosts wear such caps, "DUNCE" being written from the tip to the bottom.
- Mentioned in an episode of Freeman's Mind: "I'm going to make a dunce cap, and you're going to wear it."
- Hark! A Vagrant has a strip where someone dies in a dunce cap.
- Seen in this Scandinavia and the World page with "IDIOT" written on both of them.
- Adventurers!: As a schoolboy, Khrima is sent to the corner for making his school project about his plans for taking over the universe. He wonders if his dunce cap could be converted into an energy funnel.
- In Latchkey Kingdom, Lenne has to settle for a dunce cap labeled "Witch" instead of the witch hat they wanted in "Lenne gets a Hat".
 After Clyde gets home:
Bugs: Well, Clyde! How did you make out on your history exam?
Clyde: [Puts dunce cap on his head] Does this answer your question? - Happens in the 1938 Merrie Melodies short, Katnip Kollege, to the bespectacled cat hero, Johnnie, who lacks rhythm and can't swing.
- In "The Little School Mouse", Tuffy displeases Jerry, flees to the stool in the corner and puts the dunce cap on his own head. At the end of the short, Tuffy is leading his own class consisting of Tom and Jerry - the latter is now wearing it.
- There was a character in a dunce cap in Disney's animated series Adventures In Music, which consisted of two shorts, "Melody" and "Toot, Whistle, Plunk, and Boom". These went on to be the Disney Sing Along Songs opening. It was on the beginning of every video, seen here.
- Popeye:
- In one short, his sailor's cap mutates into a dunce cap when Olive goes into Sarcasm Mode for his being completely wrong about his prediction of a sunny day!
- One short has Popeye and Olive attend an adult education class. When Popeye can't even get what 5 plus 4 is, he is made to wear a dunce cap and repeat "Five and four are nine" over and over. He falls asleep and goes into a Dream Sequence where he's lauded as a genius and then captured by spies.
- Futurama:
- "The Day the Earth Stood Stupid", Leela's pet Nibbler "wins" a conical hat for being the Dumbest Pet in Show. The hat has the word "DUMB" written on it.
- Professor Farnsworth gets a holographic Dunce Cap in the episode "The Duh-Vinci Code".
- Ed, Edd n Eddy:
- When Kevin calls Edd a dork for trying to teach the cul-de-sac common sense, Edd shoves a cap on him.
Eddy: What a DUNCE!!  - In one episode when Eddy is walking home from school, there is a dunce cap on his head.
- When Kevin calls Edd a dork for trying to teach the cul-de-sac common sense, Edd shoves a cap on him.
- One Treehouse of Horror episode of The Simpsons had Homer Simpson make a dunce cap out of a torn storybook page, only to have it burned off after accidentally leaning next to a candle on the shelf above him.
- The Powerpuff Girls:
- Back when he was a kid, Professor Utonium was a prankster who once put a whoopie cushion at another boy's chair. The teacher forced the other boy to wear a dunce cap with "Class Clown" written on it as punishment while young Utonium became a Karma Houdini.
- Blossom has a dunce cap on during her nightmare sequence of "Power-noia" as she appears to be tanking in school. But once she finds out Him is behind things, Blossom puts on her game face.
- In the ChalkZone episode "Hole in the Wall", the gang enters an old school house and Rudy finds one of these, saying that he'd be wearing it all the time if Mr. Wilter had one.
- In "Never Too Late To Loon" (part of "Test Stressed") on Tiny Toon Adventures, Plucky has to wear one after he is put in detention for failing his math test. (He had asked Shirley to "channel Einstein" for him, not realizing that Einstein was a dunce at basic math as a child.Note )
- Parodied in the South Park episode "Go God Go", where Mr. Garrison punished Stan for believing in God by putting him in the "dunce chair", putting a cap on him that reads "I HAVE FAITH".
- In the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episode "Hearts and Hooves Day", after Big Mac and Cheerilee fall victim to the love poison, Apple Bloom has an Imagine Spot of Ponyville being overrun with uneducated starving ponies, one of whom, Lily Valley, is wearing one of these.
- Fozzie is forced to wear one of these on an episode of Muppet Babies (1984) after interrupting Baby Piggy's lesson plans in (make-believe) school with one of his many jokes.
- The Fairly OddParents: In "The Secret Origin of Denzel Crocker", Mr. Crocker, who is more sadistic than usual today, tortures Timmy by putting a cap on him and seating him in a corner surrounded by rabid dogs.
- In the Teen Titans episode "Mad Mod", after all the titans get trapped in the titular villain's massive school, Beast Boy turns up in a science lab with a white cap on his head, while drooling in front of one of Mad Mod's hypno-screens.
- Cow and Chicken: In "Cow's Pie", Chicken gets sent to the corner, and made to wear a cap reading "STUPID", after he yells a Big "SHUT UP!" meant for Cow.
- Hans gets made to wear one and sit on a stool in Education for Death, because he dared to empathize with the rabbit in the teacher's parable about a fox eating a rabbit. The intended moral was "The world belongs to the strong".
- The Bump in the Night episode "Story Problems" has Mr. Bumpy put a dunce cap on his head while bemoaning his inability to redo the boy's homework after he ate it.
- In the DuckTales (1987) episode "Bubba's Big Brainstorm", Bubba Duck is shown wearing a dunce cap when he shows his report card to Scrooge McDuck (which is all Z's). Later, when Bubba Duck demonstrates his new intelligence enabled by Gyro Gearloose's thinking cap to the class, the teacher Mrs. Quackenbush responds by putting on a dunce cap and packing her bags to go back to college.
- In the Mickey Mouse (2013) short "Hats Enough", a dunce cap is one of the hats Mickey tries on.
- In the Little Lulu short "Bored of Education", Lulu is asked to answer history questions and receives wrong answers from Tubby. She is forced to the corner with a dunce cap after this exchange.
- Teacher: Lulu, when did Ben Franklin die?
Lulu: Gee, did he die? I didn't know he was even sick.
- In the Little Audrey short "Goofy Goofy Gander", Audrey wears one after she is caught reading a comic book in class.
- Around 271 AD Roman soldiers had attacked a group of Gothic soldiers and captured some of them as prisoners of war. Among them were 16 women who were crossdressing as men. Before their inevitable death or enslavement as POWs they were paraded through the streets of Rome with signs hanged on them that mockingly proclaimed them Amazons.
- Some Holy Week traditions in Spain involve wearing a pointed cap as a form of penitence. The cap is tall, with cloth covering the cap and face, with holes cut out for the eyes. There's usually a flowing robe to go along with it. Visitors from the US are sometimes scandalized by the uncanny resemblance of this garment to those of The Klan, but, and this can't be stressed enough, the resemblance ends with the uniform.


More randomness. Less time. Still an instance of java.util.Random.
BetterRandom is a library that helps you get the best performance and the best pseudorandomness from your pseudorandom-number generators (PRNGs) and their seed sources. With it, you can:
- Wrap a
SplittableRandom
, with its improved speed and randomness-test performance, as ajava.util.Random
so that methods like Collections.shuffle(List<>,Random) can use it.- Have it automatically split when accessed from a new thread, so that it's even faster than a
ThreadLocalRandom
but still safe to pass between threads.
- Have it automatically split when accessed from a new thread, so that it's even faster than a
- Wrap any
Supplier<Random>
to create aRandom
that's thread-local, but can be accessed just like any otherRandom
. - Use
AesCounterRandom
, a PRNG that's as secure as AES but much faster thanSecureRandom
. - Use any of 5 other great PRNG algorithms.
- Use the above PRNGs anywhere you can use
java.util.Random
, because they're subclasses ofjava.util.Random
. - Be confident that your PRNGs will serialize and deserialize correctly.
- Make the most of a custom PRNG algorithm by extending the abstract class
BaseRandom
. - Keep track of how much entropy your PRNG has left (bits of output versus bits of seed).
- Automatically reseed your PRNGs whenever it's possible and beneficial, without blocking the
threads that use them while a seed is generated. The
RandomSeederThread
class does this and can use any of the following seed sources:/dev/random
- random.org
- A
SecureRandom
- Automatically choose the best of the above three with
DefaultSeedGenerator
. - Or roll your own by implementing just one method from the
SeedGenerator
interface.
But java.util.Random is already fast enough for me!
Yeah, but it's not random enough for you. Monte Carlo simulations have been known to
give misleading results because of low-quality
PRNGs, and the implementation in java.util.Random
is low-quality for two reasons:
- It's a linear congruential generator, a notoriously bad algorithm.
- It only has 48 bits of internal state, so some
long
anddouble
values are impossible to generate. This means "uniform distributions" aren't uniform.
Many standard tests of randomness amount to Monte Carlo simulations. And since widespread pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) pass most but not all such tests in standard suites such as BigCrush and Dieharder, this suggests that any Monte Carlo simulation may turn out to be a test of randomness, and to give misleading or untrustworthy results because of an unfortunate choice of PRNG. There are two ways to minimize this risk, both of which BetterRandom can help with:
- Have several different PRNG algorithms available, all with the same interfaces, so that you can swap one out and compare results.
- Reseed PRNGs as often as possible, ideally with a seed source that continues to receive entropy in parallel with your simulation.
Don't take chances on randomness -- get it right with BetterRandom.
Professional support
io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom:BetterRandom for enterprise
Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription
The maintainers of io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom:BetterRandom and thousands of other packages are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance for the open source dependencies you use to build your applications. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of the exact dependencies you use. Learn more.
Your name or ad here!
GitHub Sponsors can get mentions or ad space in this section of this page, both on GitHub and GitHub Pages. You can even get a mention in the Javadocs. Get publicity from a library that was downloaded 13,854 times from Maven Central in October 2019. Visit https://github.com/sponsors/Pr0methean for details.
Get it from MavenCentral
- Get the latest version from Maven Central.
- Get dependency codes for Maven, Gradle, SBT, Ivy, Grape, Leiningen and Buildr from mvnrepository.com (more full-featured than Maven Central, but not always up-to-date).
At both links, choose BetterRandom if using JDK 8+ and/or Android API 24+ at both compile-time and runtime. Otherwise, choose BetterRandom-Java7.
Quick start: picking a PRNG
When you need an instance of java.util.Random
, the recommended BetterRandom solution depends on how you're using it.
It's for cryptography or gambling
Only AesCounterRandom
has cryptographically secure output.
Continuous reseeding is recommended if you don't need reproducible output.
- If you need reproducible output, use:
byte[] seed; // Use an input seed if provided, or else: if (seed == null) { seed = DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR.generateSeed(AesCounterRandom.MAX_SEED_LENGTH_BYTES); // Then output the seed } random = new AesCounterRandom(seed);
- If you need multi-thread concurrency (incompatible with reproducibility), use:
new ReseedingThreadLocalRandomWrapper(AesCounterRandom::new, new RandomSeederThread(DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR))
- Otherwise, use:
random = new AesCounterRandom(); new RandomSeederThread(DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR).add(random);
It's for a scientific simulation, competitive multiplayer game, or professional creative work
For these purposes, the SplittableRandomAdapter family is fastest and passes the Dieharder pseudo-randomness tests. Continuous reseeding is recommended if you don't need reproducible output.
- If you need reproducible output, use:
Seebyte[] seed; // Get an input seed if provided, then: if (seed == null) { seed = DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR.generateSeed(Long.BYTES); // Then output the seed } random = new SingleThreadSplittableRandomAdapter(seed);
FifoFiller
for an example that reads the seed from an environment variable. - If you need multi-thread concurrency (incompatible with reproducibility), use:
new ReseedingSplittableRandomAdapter()
- Otherwise, use:
random = new SingleThreadSplittableRandomAdapter(); new RandomSeederThread(DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR).add(random);
It's for a single-player game, screensaver, playlist shuffle, etc.
- If you need multi-thread concurrency and to be able to use a specific seed on each thread, use:
new SplittableRandomAdapter()
- If you need to be able to use a specific seed, but you don't need concurrency, use:
new SingleThreadSplittableRandomAdapter()
- Otherwise, use:
(On OpenJDK 8 and Android API 24+, this is as good as a SplittableRandom.)ThreadLocalRandom.current()
Simple tricks
Disable random.org unless explicitly specified
// Run this before creating any PRNG instances.
DefaultSeedGenerator.set(new SeedGeneratorPreferenceList(
new BufferedSeedGenerator(DevRandomSeedGenerator.DEV_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATOR, 128),
SecureRandomSeedGenerator.DEFAULT_INSTANCE));
Specify the SecureRandom algorithm for seed generation
SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom("SHA1PRNG");
DefaultSeedGenerator.set(new SecureRandomSeedGenerator(secureRandom));
Use a different seed generator for one specific PRNG
random = new SingleThreadSplittableRandomAdapter(SecureRandomSeedGenerator.DEFAULT_INSTANCE);
Ridiculously long period
random = new Cmwc4096Random();
Full examples
Cryptographic PRNG that uses Random.org for frequent reseeding
import static io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed.RandomDotOrgSeedGenerator.RANDOM_DOT_ORG_SEED_GENERATOR;
import io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed.RandomSeederThread;
import io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed.SeedException;
import io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.util.BinaryUtils;
public class AesCounterRandomDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SeedException {
AesCounterRandom random = new AesCounterRandom(RANDOM_DOT_ORG_SEED_GENERATOR);
RandomSeederThread.add(SECURE_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATOR, random);
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[32];
for (int i=0; i<20; i++) {
random.nextBytes(randomBytes);
System.out.format("Bytes: %s\n", BinaryUtils.convertBytesToHexString(randomBytes));
}
}
}
ReseedingSplittableRandomAdapter for fast, high-quality, parallel duplicate-bridge dealing
package io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.prng.adapter;
import io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed.SecureRandomSeedGenerator;
import io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed.SeedException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public enum SplittableRandomAdapterDemo {
;
private static final String[] VALUE_LABELS =
{"A", "K", "Q", "J", "10", "9", "8", "7", "6", "5", "4", "3", "2"};
private static final String[] SUIT_LABELS = {"♥", "♣", "♦", "♠"};
public static void main(final String[] args) throws SeedException, InterruptedException {
final String[] cards = new String[52];
int i = 0;
for (final String suit : SUIT_LABELS) {
for (final String value : VALUE_LABELS) {
cards[i] = value + suit;
i++;
}
}
final ThreadLocal<List<String>> deckCopies =
ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> Arrays.asList(cards.clone()));
final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(4);
final SplittableRandomAdapter random =
new SplittableRandomAdapter(SecureRandomSeedGenerator.DEFAULT_INSTANCE);
for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
executor.submit(() -> {
final List<String> deck = deckCopies.get();
Collections.shuffle(deck, random);
System.out.format("North: %s%nEast: %s%nSouth: %s%nWest: %s%n%n",
String.join(",", deck.subList(0, 13)), String.join(",", deck.subList(13, 26)),
String.join(",", deck.subList(26, 39)), String.join(",", deck.subList(39, 52)));
});
}
executor.shutdown();
executor.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
}
Full javadocs
Javadocs for the latest snapshot, including both public and protected members (to support your subclassing), are at pr0methean.github.io.
Tested environments and supported versions
BetterRandom has 2 branches from which releases have been cut: one for Java 8 and newer, and one for Java 7 -- including
Android API levels below 24. These produce the Maven artifacts named
BetterRandom-Java7
and BetterRandom
respectively.
Java 8 (master branch)
Beginning with version 3.1.2, continuous integration takes place on Azure Pipelines. It is designed to include the following environments:
- Ubuntu: HotSpot 8,11,12; OpenJ9 11 and 14
- OSX: HotSpot 8,11,14
- Windows: HotSpot 8,11,14
HotSpot is Azul Zulu. OpenJ9 is AdoptOpenJDK. See https://github.com/Pr0methean/BetterRandom/issues/445 for the implementation status of this build matrix.
For versions up to 3.1.1, continuous integration took place in the following environments:
- Linux (on Travis): OpenJDK and Oracle JDK 8 and up
- OS X (on Travis): OpenJDK 8 and up, Xcode 7.3 and up
- Windows Server 2008 R2 (on Appveyor): Oracle JDK 8
- Cygwin (on Appveyor): Oracle JDK 8
- MinGW (on Appveyor): Oracle JDK 8
CI on BSD or Android isn't likely any time soon, since no free providers of BSD CI seem to be integrated with GitHub, and there seems to be no actively-maintained Android-app wrapper for TestNG suites. However, Android API levels 24 and up (required as both source and target) should work.
Java 7 (java7 branch)
Since version 5.0.0, the Java 7 branch is no longer being maintained with backported improvements from the Java 8 branch. Exceptions will be made at the request of a Tidelift subscriber or a Gold or higher GitHub sponsor, or possibly on other forms of paying demand. However, pull requests against this branch will still be considered and, if accepted, released.
This branch was mainly intended to support Android API levels 19 through 23; support for other environments is best-efforts.
Continuous integration takes place in OpenJDK 7 on Linux. Up to and including version 3.1.1, this was done on Travis CI; beginning with 3.1.2, Azure Pipelines is used. Until the release of version 5.0.0, the Java 7 branch was re-tested nightly.
Alternative random number generators
BetterRandom provides several pseudorandom number generators that are intended as drop-in
replacements for java.util.Random
.
Features common to all PRNGs in betterrandom.prng
-
Reproducible: The
getSeed()
function retrieves a seed that can be passed into the constructor to create another PRNG giving the same output. If any random numbers have been generated since construction or a call tosetSeed(byte[])
, this may rewind the state to before that happened. -
Serializable: All these PRNGs can be serialized and deserialized, copying their full internal state.
-
setSeed(byte[])
: Reseed even if more than along
is needed to do so. ** UsegetNewSeedLength()
to get the recommended seed size. -
entropyBits()
: Find out when the PRNG has output more random data than it has been seeded with, and thus could benefit from being reseeded. Even when the PRNG is reseeded repeatedly without being used, the entropy count won't ever go above the size of the PRNG's internal state. -
withProbability(double)
: Get a boolean with any probability of being true, not just 50/50, and the PRNG will still know you're only spending 1 bit of entropy. (Technically it may be less than 1 bit, but we don't implement fractional-bit counting yet.) -
Lockless
nextGaussian()
. -
doubles
,ints
andlongs
will return parallel streams whenever possible, whereas their implementations inRandom
always return sequential streams. -
gaussians()
andgaussians(long streamSize)
: Get an endless or finite stream of normally-distributed doubles. -
setSeederThread(RandomSeederThread)
: Reseeds the PRNG whenever its entropy is spent, but only as long as a seed generator can keep up. See below.
SplittableRandom adapters
These classes use java8.util.SplittableRandom
instances to implement the methods of Random
,
despite that the two classes are unrelated and have slightly different method signatures. Several
adapters are available:
SingleThreadSplittableRandomAdapter
: Simple and fast, but not thread-safe.SplittableRandomAdapter
: Backed by aThreadLocal<SplittableRandom>
, whose instances ofSplittableRandom
are all split from a single master.ReseedingSplittableRandomAdapter
: Also backed by aThreadLocal<SplittableRandom>
, this registers each thread'sSplittableRandom
instance with aRandomSeederThread
(see below). This is probably the best PRNG implementation that allows concurrent access from multiple threads.
Table of algorithms
| Class | Seed size (bytes) | Period (bits) | Speed | Speed with RandomSeederThread | Effect of setSeed(long) |
getSeed() rewinds? |
Algorithm author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AesCounterRandom | 16-48* | 2135 | Slow | Slow | Combines with existing seed | No | NIST |
| Cmwc4096Random | 16384 | 2131104 | Medium | Very slow | Not supported | Yes | George Marsaglia |
| MersenneTwisterRandom | 16 | 219937 | Medium | Medium | Not supported | Yes | Makoto Matsumoto |
| XorShiftRandom | 20 | ~2160 | Medium | Medium | Not supported | Yes | George Marsaglia |
| SplittableRandomAdapter | 8** | 264 | Fast | Fast† | Replaces existing seed (calling thread only) | Yes | Guy Steele and Doug Lea |
| Pcg64Random | 8 | 262 | Fast | Fast | Replaces existing seed | Yes | M. E. O'Neill |
Period assumes exactly 32 or 64 bits are consumed at a time, using nextInt()
, nextLong()
, ints()
or longs()
.
*Seed sizes above 32 for AesCounterRandom require jurisdiction policy files that allow 192- and 256-bit AES seeds.
**Can be reseeded independently on each thread, affecting only that thread.
†Use specialized subclass ReseedingSplittableRandomAdapter.
AesCounterRandom
Retrieving the internal state of an AesCounterRandom
instance from its output is considered
equivalent to breaking the AES cipher. Thus, this class should be able to replace SecureRandom
in
many applications, such as generating session keys or erasing files on a magnetic disk or tape.
AesCounterRandom only generates a permutation of the space of 128-bit integers, so if it is used
to generate about 264 128-bit strings without reseeding, its statistical properties will
begin to differ from those of /dev/random
in that it won't have
generated the same string twice. This could be
prevented by using a hash function rather than a reversible cipher, but the hash functions in
standard JVMs are less cryptographically secure than AES and won't run as fast on hardware featuring
AES-NI.
Reseeding
SeedGenerator
A SeedGenerator
produces seeds for PRNGs. All the provided implementations are singletons, because
the seed sources cannot be parallelized. They include:
DevRandomSeedGenerator.DEV_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATOR
: Works only on Unix-like systems; reads seeds from/dev/random
.RandomDotOrgSeedGenerator.RANDOM_DOT_ORG_SEED_GENERATOR
: Connects to random.org to retrieve random numbers over HTTPS. Random.org collects randomness from atmospheric noise using 9 radios, located at undisclosed addresses in Dublin and Copenhagen and tuned to undisclosed AM/FM frequencies. (The secrecy is intended to help prevent tampering with the output using a well-placed radio transmitter, and the use of AM/FM helps ensure that any such tampering would cause illegal interference with broadcasts and quickly attract regulatory attention.) Uses the legacy API by default, but can be configured to use the JSON-RPC API.RandomDotOrgSeedGenerator.RATE_LIMITED_ON_FAIL
: Avoids spamming Random.org or your router, by instantly reporting failure for 10 seconds after every I/O or HTTP error.
SecureRandomSeedGenerator.SECURE_RANDOM_SEED_GENERATOR
: Usesjava.security.SecureRandom.generateSeed
. On Oracle and OpenJDK, this in turn usessun.security.provider.SeedGenerator
; when/dev/random
isn't available, that in turn uses the timing of newly-launched threads as a source of randomness, relying on the unpredictable interactions between different configurations of hardware and software and their workloads.DefaultSeedGenerator.DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR
: Uses the best of the above three that is currently available.
SimpleRandomSeeder
This is a daemon thread that loops over all the ByteArrayReseedableRandom
instances registered
with it and reseeds them. Those that implement EntropyCountingRandom
are skipped when they still
have entropy left from a previous seeding. Example usage:
// Obtain the seeder thread for this seed generator; launch it if it's not already running.
RandomSeederThread seederThread = RandomSeederThread.getInstance(DEFAULT_SEED_GENERATOR);
// Thread is now running, but is asleep if no PRNGs have already been added to it.
// Begin including myRandom in the loop, and wake up the thread.
seederThread.add(myRandom);
// Manually trigger reseeding ASAP (myRandom must be added first)
if (myRandom instanceof EntropyCountingRandom) {
seederThread.asyncReseed(myRandom);
}
// Adding the same PRNG a second time has no effect
seederThread.add(myRandom);
LegacyRandomSeeder
This class is similar to SimpleRandomSeeder
, but can handle any instance of java.util.Random
.
Folders
betterrandom/
contains BetterRandom's source code.benchmark/
defines the JMH benchmarks as a separate Maven project.FifoFiller/
is a simple utility used for Dieharder randomness tests, and is also a separate Maven project.etc/
contains scripts, templates used inazure.yml
, and miscellaneous files used for building and testing.docs/
is a Git submodule used for publishing updates to this project's Javadoc on github.io.
Credits
The following classes are forked from Uncommons Maths:
- All of
betterrandom.prng
exceptBaseRandom
andbetterrandom.prng.adapter
- All of
betterrandom.seed
exceptRandomSeederThread
BinaryUtils
- Test classes corresponding to the above.
License
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom |
This root package contains interfaces for
Random subclasses with specific extra
features. |
| io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.prng |
Subclasses of
Random using different random-number generation algorithms. |
| io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.prng.adapter |
Implementations of
BaseRandom that are backed by
instances of SplittableRandom or Random , many of them wrapped
in ThreadLocal <?> to allow concurrent use of a shared instance by
multiple threads. |
| io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.seed |
Tools to obtain and apply truly-random seeds for
Random implementations,
especially those that also implement
ByteArrayReseedableRandom . |
| io.github.pr0methean.betterrandom.util |
Miscellaneous utilities.
|


|
Custom Libraries for Propeller
1.5
List of custom libraries
|
Interface to Nextion display. More...
Go to the source code of this file.
Functions | |
| int | Nextion_open (int rx, int tx, int baud) |
| Open connection to display panel. More... | |
| void | Nextion_cmd (char *c) |
| Send Nextion command to panel. More... | |
| void | Nextion_setProperty (char *obj, char *prop, char *val) |
| Set Object Property Value. More... | |
| int | Nextion_error (void) |
| get Nextion display error value More... | |
| short | Nextion_event (void) |
| get Nextion return event number More... | |
| char * | Nextion_serialno (void) |
| get Nextion serial number More... | |
| int | Nextion_color (short blue, short green, short red) |
| build color value 565 More... | |
| int | Nextion_page (void) |
| get page number More... | |
| void | Nextion_setpage (int page) |
| set Nextion Page number More... | |
| void | Nextion_cls (int color) |
| clear screen More... | |
| int | Nextion_getnumeric (void) |
| get numeric value from panel More... | |
| char * | Nextion_gettext (void) |
| get text value from panel More... | |
| int | Nextion_touchxy (short *x, short *y) |
| get touch event location More... | |
| void | Nextion_settext (char *var, char *val) |
| set text value for text object More... | |
| void | Nextion_setnumeric (char *var, int val) |
| set numeric value More... | |
| void | Nextion_setbaud (int baud) |
| set baud rate for panel More... | |
| void | Nextion_close (void) |
| close connection to panel | |
| void | Nextion_setsleep (int t) |
| put panel to sleep More... | |
| void | Nextion_setbrightness (int b) |
| set brightness level of panel More... | |
| int | Nextion_gettouch (short *page, short *id) |
| get object touch event More... | |
| void | Nextion_touch (int events) |
| enable/disable page touch events More... | |
| void | Nextion_xstr (short x, short y, short w, short h, char f, int pco, int bco, char xcen, char ycen, char sta, char *text) |
| send string to display More... | |
| void | Nextion_fill (short x, short y, short width, short height, int color) |
| fill area with a color More... | |
| void | Nextion_line (short x, short y, short x1, short y1, int color) |
| draw line More... | |
| void | Nextion_circle (short x, short y, short radius, int color) |
| draw circle More... | |
| void | Nextion_fillcircle (short x, short y, short radius, int color) |
| draw filled circle More... | |
| void | Nextion_click (char *item, char value) |
| send click event 0/1 up/down More... | |
| void | Nextion_settime (long i) |
| set date/time on display More... | |
| void | Nextion_debug (void) |
| debug output | |
Interface to Nextion display.
| void Nextion_circle | ( | short | x, |
| short | y, | ||
| short | radius, | ||
| int | color | ||
| ) |
draw circle
| x | position |
| y | position |
| radius | |
| color | value |
| void Nextion_click | ( | char * | item, |
| char | value | ||
| ) |
send click event 0/1 up/down
| item | item name to click |
| value | 0 or 1 for up or down click |
| void Nextion_cls | ( | int | color | ) |
clear screen
| color | value 565 |
| void Nextion_cmd | ( | char * | c | ) |
Send Nextion command to panel.
| c | command string |
| int Nextion_color | ( | short | blue, |
| short | green, | ||
| short | red | ||
| ) |
build color value 565
| blue | 0 - 31 |
| green | 0 - 63 |
| red | 0 - 31 |
| int Nextion_error | ( | void | ) |
get Nextion display error value
| short Nextion_event | ( | void | ) |
get Nextion return event number
| void Nextion_fill | ( | short | x, |
| short | y, | ||
| short | width, | ||
| short | height, | ||
| int | color | ||
| ) |
fill area with a color
| x | position |
| y | position |
| width | of area |
| height | of area |
| color | of area |
| void Nextion_fillcircle | ( | short | x, |
| short | y, | ||
| short | radius, | ||
| int | color | ||
| ) |
draw filled circle
| x | position |
| y | position |
| radius | |
| color | value |
| int Nextion_getnumeric | ( | void | ) |
get numeric value from panel
| char* Nextion_gettext | ( | void | ) |
get text value from panel
| int Nextion_gettouch | ( | short * | page, |
| short * | id | ||
| ) |
get object touch event
| page | value |
| id | object id |
| void Nextion_line | ( | short | x, |
| short | y, | ||
| short | x1, | ||
| short | y1, | ||
| int | color | ||
| ) |
draw line
| x | position |
| y | position |
| x1 | position |
| y1 | position |
| color | value |
| int Nextion_open | ( | int | rx, |
| int | tx, | ||
| int | baud | ||
| ) |
Open connection to display panel.
| rx | Receive pin |
| tx | Transmit pin |
| baud | serial transmit/receive speed |
| int Nextion_page | ( | void | ) |
get page number
| char* Nextion_serialno | ( | void | ) |
get Nextion serial number
| void Nextion_setbaud | ( | int | baud | ) |
set baud rate for panel
| baud | baud rate value |
| void Nextion_setbrightness | ( | int | b | ) |
set brightness level of panel
| b | brightness level 0 - 100 |
| void Nextion_setnumeric | ( | char * | var, |
| int | val | ||
| ) |
set numeric value
| var | numeric object to set |
| val | numeric value to set |
| void Nextion_setpage | ( | int | page | ) |
set Nextion Page number
| page | number zero based |
| void Nextion_setProperty | ( | char * | obj, |
| char * | prop, | ||
| char * | val | ||
| ) |
Set Object Property Value.
| obj | object varable |
| prop | property to set |
| val | text value to set property to |
| void Nextion_setsleep | ( | int | t | ) |
put panel to sleep
| t | seconds to sleep |
| void Nextion_settext | ( | char * | var, |
| char * | val | ||
| ) |
set text value for text object
| var | text object variable |
| val | text string to set |
| void Nextion_settime | ( | long | i | ) |
set date/time on display
| i | unix time value |
| void Nextion_touch | ( | int | events | ) |
enable/disable page touch events
| events | 0 - disable, 1 - enable |
| int Nextion_touchxy | ( | short * | x, |
| short * | y | ||
| ) |
get touch event location
| x | pointer to x value |
| y | pointer to y value |
| void Nextion_xstr | ( | short | x, |
| short | y, | ||
| short | w, | ||
| short | h, | ||
| char | f, | ||
| int | pco, | ||
| int | bco, | ||
| char | xcen, | ||
| char | ycen, | ||
| char | sta, | ||
| char * | text | ||
| ) |
send string to display
| x | x coordinate |
| y | y coordinate |
| w | width of the defined area |
| h | height of the defined area |
| f | font resource number |
| pco | foreground color value |
| bco | background color value |
| xcen | position of text 0-left, 1-center, 2-right |
| ycen | position of text 0-top, 1-center, 3-bottom |
| sta | background fill 0-crop, 1-solid, 2-image, 3-none |
| text | data to display |


Binary
07 Jan 2021Patching binary
In this post we will discuss about how to patch a binary with the help of radare2
and it’s plugin r2dec
.
The link of the binary to be patched is this .
To patch the binary run the radare2 in write mode.
r2 -w ./PatchMe0x01.bin
Here some functions are not named properly, creating a little bit confusion.
To understand the detailed explanation of the patching of binary, here is the link
Here I am showing the before and after assembly code along with the decompiled code.
Run the following commands in r2
and make sure r2dec
is correctly installed to see the expected output.
[0x08048310]> aaaa
[0x08048310]> afl
[0x08048310]> s main
[0x08048424]> pdda
So, the below image shows the assembly code along with the decompiled code which is a very helpful and interesting features of r2dec
for the beginners.
So, in above figure if we see that the value of argc is stored into register ecx
which is then moved to eax
and then eax
is compared with 0. Since value of argc will always be greater than 1( to understand it see the page), the condition at location 0x08048443
always evaluates to false. And also then 1 is assigned to variable var_ch
and then compared with 2 which also evaluates to false, therefore the condition at 0x80485b
always evaluates to zero. Also there is no any buffer overflow or string or any type of vulnerability. Therefore we have to patch the binary.
So, starting at the address, we would invert the condition.wa
(write assembly)
First seek to the address where we have to write by using s(seek) followed by address (0x0804843a)
[0x08048424]> s 0x0804843a
Now writing the assembly code(inverting the 1st condition)
[0x0804843a]> wa je 0x8048462
Written 2 byte(s) (je 0x8048462) = wx 7426
Seeking to second writing location
[0x0804843a]> s 0x08048447
Now writing the assembly code again here to invert the 2nd condition
[0x08048447]> wa je 0x804845b
Written 2 byte(s) (je 0x804845b) = wx 7412
To check the binary is patched or not, seek to the main function and run pdda
.
[0x08048447]> s main
[0x08048424]> pdda
So now run the patched binary and hurray, we patched it.


11 mm 16 MHz Crystal - XT16
Summary
Name: 11 mm 16 MHz Crystal
ID: XTAL-11-X-MZ16-01
Hex ID: XT16
WebPage: https://github.com/oomlout/oomlout-OOMP/wiki/XTAL-11-X-MZ16-01
Short URL: http://oom.lt/XT16
Revision History: https://github.com/oomlout/oomlout-OOMP/blob/master/parts/XTAL-11-X-MZ16-01/
| Type |
Size |
Color |
Description |
Index |
XTAL Crystal |
11 11 mm |
X
|
MZ16 16 MHz |
01
|
Images
About
A 16MHz Crystal, in a commonly used through hole size.
This part is awaiting a description.
Common Uses
This part is commonly used as:
*Used to provide a clock source to a microcontroller. Commonly used with Atmel 8bit microcontrollers operating at 5v.
Specifications
| Info |
Value |
| Type |
Crystal |
| Size |
11 mm |
| Description |
16 MHz |
| Pitch |
4.88 mm |
| Width |
4.65 mm |
| Height |
3.5 mm |
| Length |
11.05 mm |
| Package Marking |
16.000 |
| Number of Pins |
2 |
Extra Details
Spotted a mistake, want to add more? Let us know<EMAIL_ADDRESS>All images and resources are licensed [CC BY-SA] unless otherwise stated (ie. the datasheets)


FIVE WOMEN WEARING THE SAME DRESS
January 29-February 1, 2004
Director - Michael Garner
Assistant Director - John Gant
THE CAST
Frances - Carrie Johnikin
Meredith - Jennifer Iverson
Trisha - Anjie Price
Georgeanne - Cynthia Welborn
Mindy - Brandi Butler
Tripp - Brent WIlson


|
image = variable containing the image handle
value# = floating number from 0 to 360 degrees |
|
I'm going to start this description off with:
This command is not fast enough to render rotations in real time! Now, the purpose of this command is to rotate an image a specified number of degrees. Since it is slow, you will need to pre-calculate rotated images with this command. This means, before the program actually displays the images you rotate, you will want to rotate them ahead of time. This command automatically dithers/anti-aliases the rotated graphic image, so it might mess with your transparency. To avoid this issue, use the TFormFilter command. This will render the rotated images with bi-linear filtering. I'm going to end this command with: This command is not fast enough to render rotations in real time! |
|
; RotateImage/TFormFilter Example
; Turn on graphics mode Graphics 640,480,16 ; Change the 0 to a 1 to see the difference ; between filter on and off. TFormFilter 0 ; Create new empty graphic to store our circle in gfxBox=CreateImage(50,50) ; Draw the box image ; Set drawing operations to point to our new empty graphic SetBuffer ImageBuffer(gfxBox) Color 255,0,0 ; Note the extra space between the box and the edge of the graphic Rect 10,10,30,30,1 SetBuffer FrontBuffer() While Not KeyHit(1) ; Make a copy of the image so we are always using a fresh one each time ; we rotate it. gfxTemp=CopyImage(gfxBox) ; Rotate it a random value and draw it at a random location RotateImage gfxTemp,Rnd(360) DrawImage gfxTemp,Rnd(640),Rnd(480) Wend |


ctx = tvm.gpu()
if not nvcc.have_tensorcore(ctx.compute_version):
print("the gpu has no tensorcore, skipping...")
sys.exit(0)
M, N, L = 512, 32, 512
dtype = "float16"
layout = "NN"
ctx = tvm.gpu()
if not nvcc.have_tensorcore(ctx.compute_version):
raise Exception("the gpu has no tensorcore, skipping...")
M, N, L = 512, 32, 512
dtype = "float16"
layout = "NN"


{% extends 'template-lab-4b.html' %} {% set mainClasses = 'nhsuk-u-padding-top-0' %} {% block pageTitle %} Symptoms - NHS {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Hallucinations are where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that don't exist outside their mind.
They're common in people with schizophrenia, and are usually experienced as hearing voices.
Hallucinations can be frightening, but there's usually an identifiable cause. For example, they can occur as a result of:
See your GP straight away if you're experiencing hallucinations. The recommended treatment options for hallucinations will depend on the underlying cause. For example, antipsychotic medication may help with hallucinations for people living with schizophrenia.
Hallucinations can make you feel nervous, paranoid and frightened, so it's important to be with someone you can trust.
The following information explains the typical types of hallucinations, including why they occur and what you can do.
It covers:
Hallucinations can also occur as a result of extreme tiredness or recent bereavement. However, these and other rarer causes are not covered here.
Hearing voices in the mind is the most common type of hallucination in people with mental health conditions such as schizophrenia. The voices can be critical, complimentary or neutral, and may make potentially harmful commands or engage the person in conversation. They may give a running commentary on the person's actions.
The experience is usually very distressing, but it's not always negative. Some people who hear voices are able to live with them and get used to them, or may consider them a part of their life.
It's not uncommon for recently bereaved people to hear voices, and this may sometimes be the voice of their loved one.
If you're hearing voices, discuss any concerns you have with your GP. If necessary, they'll refer you to a psychiatrist. This is important in determining whether you have a serious mental illness.
If your voices are due to schizophrenia, the earlier your treatment is started, the better the outcome.
You may also find the following advice helpful:
The Mental Health Foundation has more information and practical advice about how to deal with hearing voices.
People can experience hallucinations when they're high on illegal drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, LSD or ecstasy. They can also occur during withdrawal from alcohol or drugs if you suddenly stop taking them.
Drug-induced hallucinations are usually visual, but they may affect other senses. They can include flashes of light or abstract shapes, or they may take the form of an animal or person. More often, visual distortions occur that alter the person's perception of the world around them.
The hallucinations can occur on their own or as a part of drug-induced psychosis. After long-term drug use, they may cause schizophrenia.
Some people take cannabis to "calm themselves" and relieve their psychotic symptoms, without realising that in the longer term, the cannabis makes the psychosis worse.
Heavy alcohol use can also lead to psychotic states, hallucinations and dementia.
Find out how to get help for a drug problem.
Various prescription medicines can occasionally cause hallucinations. Elderly people may be at particular risk.
Hallucinations caused by medication can be dose-related and they usually stop when you stop taking the medicine. However, never stop taking a medicine without speaking to your doctor first and, if necessary, after being assessed by a psychiatrist.
Speak to your GP about how the medication is affecting you, so you can discuss the possibility of switching to another medicine.
Some people experience hallucinations just as they're falling asleep (hypnagogic), or as they start to wake up (hypnopompic).
The hallucination may take the form of sounds, or the person may see things that don't exist, such as moving objects, or a formed image, such as a person (the person may think they've seen a ghost).
Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations are particularly common in people with narcolepsy. However, they can also occur in people without narcolepsy or any disorder. They're essentially like dreams, and in themselves are nothing to worry about.
Hallucinations can sometimes occur in children who are ill with a fever. Call your GP if your child is unwell with a body temperature of 38C or above and you think they're hallucinating.
In the meantime, stay calm, keep your child cool and reassure them. Encourage them to drink plenty of fluids and give them paracetamol or ibuprofen (always read the patient information leaflet to find out the correct dose and frequency for your child's age, and check they're not allergic to medicines you give). The hallucinations should pass after a few minutes.
Read more about fever in children.
Some people with visual impairment may experience temporary visual hallucinations.
This is known as Charles Bonnet syndrome and it tends to affect older people who have started to lose their sight, although it can affect people of any age.
The hallucinations usually last for about 12 to 18 months and can take the form of simple, repeated patterns or complex images of people, objects or landscapes.
Some of the most common causes of visual impairment include:
In the UK, around 100,000 people are thought to be affected by Charles Bonnet syndrome.
Hallucinations can sometimes occur in frail older people who are ill. The hallucinations may start before other signs that the person is unwell. They may be caused by a chest infection or urine infection, for example.
Call the GP or 111 if your elderly relative suddenly develops hallucinations, particularly if they appear unwell in any other way.
Page last reviewed: 02 August 2019
Next review due: 02 August 2022


Before Change
dtype=[tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32],
parallel_iterations=parallel_iterations)
nms_dict = {
"detection_boxes": batch_detection_boxes,
"detection_scores": batch_detection_scores,
"detection_classes": batch_detection_classes,
"num_detections": batch_num_detections
}
if original_masks is not None:
nms_dict["detection_masks"] = batch_detection_masks
return nms_dict
After Change
if batch_size is None:
batch_size = tf.shape(boxes)[0]
if num_anchors is None:
num_anchors = tf.shape(boxes)[1]
// If num valid boxes aren"t provided, create one and mark all boxes as
// valid.
if num_valid_boxes is None:
num_valid_boxes = tf.ones([batch_size], dtype=tf.int32) * num_anchors
// If masks aren"t provided, create dummy masks so we can only have one copy
// of single_image_nms_fn and discard the dummy masks after map_fn.
if masks is None:


Incident Tracker
Add New Incident
Summary
Description
Severity
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Assigned To:
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Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634
Imaginary Beings
Neri Oxman
...
Sculpting
186
1634


|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
How do you use this calculator?Just like a real one! The only big difference is that you can click the ± button and then enter the (absolute) uncertainty for that value. What is an uncertainty?In real life, you can't measure something perfectly. Take a moment to think about that. Take a ruler for example - you can measure that a pencil is 15cm long, you can probably measure that it's 15.1cm if you look closely. But can we say that the pencil is 15.100000cm long? No, we can't, because we aren't sure if all those 0's are actually 0, they could be 5's, of 9's or anything! So what can we do about this? This is where uncertainties come in. when we can say that the pencil is 15.1cm long plus or minus 0.05cm! What this means is that the actual length of the pencil could be anywhere between 15.1+0.05cm (15.15cm) and 15.1-0.05cm (15.05cm). In mathematical terms we use the funny ± symbol to mean plus or minus, so our pencil length would be this: 15.01±0.05cm. Now when someone comes along with a fancy new super-ruler, and says "Aha! This pencil isn't 15.1cm long, it's 15.09cm long!" we can still say that we're right, because 15.09 is between 15.05 and 15.15. This is why it's always important to record the uncertainty of things that you measure, because it means that you always know exactly how exact your measurement is (smaller uncertainties mean a more exact measurement). What is "real mode"?The way to calculate uncertainty estimates that I was taught at university was wrong (or at least very simplified for certain uses). By default this calculator still uses this way, as it is what I use it most for, however, by using "real mode" you can calculate more accurate error estimates. The real mode uses a type of mathematics called "interval arithmetic", which bascially means that we are doing maths with ranges of numbers. The actual maths is pretty complicated, and I don't pretend to understand it all, but by standing on the shoulders of giants (Jeff Tian), I have managed to build it into this calculator. In most cases you shouldn't see massive differences, except when dealing with very large errors. It should be noted that real mode is much better at dealing (correctly) with errors in exponents, square roots, logs, and all those more advanced functions. I've found a bug, or have a suggestion!Wonderful! Please send me an email either by filling in the form on my website, or just send me an email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I love hearing about bugs and improvements people want, as it means that this calculator will always be improving. If you yourself know your way around javascript, you can feel free to make changes and submit pull requests to this calculator on Github. |


Certified training center
Uniquely drive long-term high-impact value without 2.0 strategic theme areas
Practice what you've learned through quizzes and interactive Code Challenges. This style of practicing will allow you to retain information you've learned so you can apply it to your own future projects. You'll earn badges as you journey through our extensive library of courses.
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Area51 Training Center, es un centro de entrenamiento OFICIAL de Adobe y Autodesk que reúne a los principales profesionales e instructores del país.
Area51 Training Center, es un centro de entrenamiento OFICIAL de Adobe y Autodesk que reúne a los.
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Perform Sequential Modular Analysis Use-Case.Description:Performs a (Full) Sequential Modular Analysis on a flowsheet.Assumptions:None.Exceptions:None.


|
kelp-engine
|
#include <RenderLine.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| RenderLine (kep::Vector3 _p0, kep::Vector3 _p1, kep::Vector3 _colour=kep::Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f)) | |
| ~RenderLine () | |
| void | init () |
| void | update () |
| void | render () |
| Public Member Functions inherited from kelp::Component | |
| Component () | |
| virtual | ~Component ()=0 |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static void | renderLines (Shader *_shader, Camera *_rc) |
Public Attributes | |
| kep::Vector3 | m_p0 |
| kep::Vector3 | m_p1 |
| kep::Vector3 | m_colour |
| Public Attributes inherited from kelp::Component | |
| Entity * | m_owner |
| bool | m_enabled |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static std::vector< kep::Vector3 > | m_verticies = std::vector<kep::Vector3>() |
| static std::vector< kep::Vector3 > | m_colours = std::vector<kep::Vector3>() |
| RenderLine::RenderLine | ( | kep::Vector3 | _p0, |
| kep::Vector3 | _p1, | ||
| kep::Vector3 | _colour = kep::Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f) |
||
| ) |
| RenderLine::~RenderLine | ( | ) |
|
virtual |
Implements kelp::Component.
|
virtual |
Reimplemented from kelp::Component.
|
virtual |
Implements kelp::Component.
| kep::Vector3 kelp::RenderLine::m_colour |
|
static |
| kep::Vector3 kelp::RenderLine::m_p0 |
| kep::Vector3 kelp::RenderLine::m_p1 |
|
static |


Description
An Interlocked Arithmetic Type
is an
Interlocked Natural Type
which supports common
arithmetic operations.
Notation
-
I
-
An
Interlocked Arithmetic Type
. -
i
-
A value of type
I
. -
C1
-
A type which is convertible to
remove_cv<I>::type&
. -
c1
-
A value of type
C1 const&
.
Refinement of
Expression Requirements
In order to be considered a valid Interlocked Arithmetic Type
,
given the variable definitions below, the following expressions must be
well-formed and have the indicated effects, in addition to those requirements
of
Interlocked Natural Type
. Interlocked
Arithmetic Types
also support all operations specified in the
C++ standard for arithmetic types. Such operations do not imply memory
barriers of any kind.
Each of the following operations is a valid
Interlocked Operation
, therefore user-specified
semantics may be applied. In addition to this, all operations listed
below have a return type of boost::remove_cv<IV>::type
and yield the value of target object prior to the operation being applied.
Allowed user-specified semantics for these operations are acquire
, release
,
acq_rel
, unordered
, and default_
.
If no semantics are explicitly specified or if default_
semantics are specified, then the operation is performed with acq_rel
semantics.
Table 6. Interlocked Arithmetic Type Requirements
|
Expression |
Operation (Returns Old Value) |
|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Headers
// Brings in all interlocked operations. #include <boost/act/interlocked.hpp> // Only forward declarations. #include <boost/act/interlocked_fwd.hpp> // increment headers. #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment_acquire.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment_release.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment_acq_rel.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment_unordered.hpp> // Forward declarations. #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment_fwd.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/increment/increment_fwd.hpp> /* etc. */ // decrement headers. #include <boost/act/interlocked/decrement.hpp> #include <boost/act/interlocked/decrement/decrement.hpp> /* etc. */ //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Headers for the remaining operations follow the same pattern as above. // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Example
ToDo: Put a code example here.


The Source
Salvia Divinorum 10x Extract (57mg of Salvinorin A to 1g plant matter)
dose: 1/6th of a gram
July 1st 2005
Level 5/6
To start this trip report off I would like to give a little background about myself and the circumstances leading up to the trip. I am an 18 year old recent high school graduate. I am a pretty laid back person. I don't usually call myself a hippy but that is certainly the way of life I try to live. On this particular day I woke up in a very good mood, my friend V had a free house for the weekend so we decided that we would be able to finally try Salvia Divinorum. I had been waiting for about 9 months for an appropriate time to try it. I purchased the 1 gram of Salvia Divinorum 10x extract from a local headshop about a month earlier.
I would like to state that I had done all my research on Salvia Divinorum prior to this experience and I did indeed have a huge amount of respect for it. I wanted to reach either a level 3 or 4 on the salvia scale. We prepared a 'trip room' in V's living room. I had read that the best method to use Salvia is to smoke out of a water cooled bong with a torch lighter, so we did just that. My other friend then arrived, we'll call him B, and we started to discuss how we were going to this. We decided to use 1/6th of a gram, and smoke one at a time so there were always 2 sober sitters to watch the intoxicated person.
I will now explain what happened in my trip, I would like to stress that a Salvia experience cannot accurately be described with words, as it is a completely surreal and almost indescribable experience. It is a completely different dimension, and all awareness that I am who I am disappeared. I will use the word 'reality' to describe the normal recognizable atmosphere; I only refer to 'I' or 'myself' as a consciousness not anything with any sort of human or familiar being.
We decided I would indulge first. I sat down, got comfortable and meditated for a minute or so. I was feeling slightly nervous, just the feeling of not knowing what to expect. I raised the bong to my mouth and had V light the bowl. I took a monstrous hit and held it in for about 25 seconds, and then exhaled. As soon as I exhaled I felt a strange gravity take hold of me. I fell backwards and saw trails of myself as I did, this represented the dissociation from my body. I must have been in a level 6 state for the first 'minute' (I had no perception of time), because I do not remember at all what happened. All of a sudden I was hurled into a new world (dimension?), the blankets on the floor had become geometric patterns of V and B's faces, and they were engulfing me, laughing at me. There was a landscape all with the same geometric patterns of V and B's faces.
There were two 'roller' type things at the end of the horizon. The rollers, which also bore my friends faces, were drawing the landscape into a 'source'. I felt as though I was being pulled towards the source, and this was extremely frightening. I told them I didn't want to go and I tried to run, but I was being pulled towards the source and there was nothing I could do about it. I finally managed ran up some sort of 'hill' where I could not be drawn into the source, at this point there was still a slight feeling of gravity pulling me towards the source but I could resist it. I began to feel tingly and really hot as I was thrust back into my body. I felt physically and mentally exhausted, but I was back in reality with a minor body high. The Salvia divinorum afterglow is really something else, even after being scared shitless I felt a tremendous sense of well being, and happiness.
My sober friends told me that after I took the hit I started laughing really hard, I then got up and started yelling jibberish, and then ran up the stairs and said 'I know what your trying to do, don't do it'. I then sat down and asked for something cold to drink. I have no recollection of any of those events.
Since the trip I have been contemplating what would happen if I had indeed ventured into 'the source'. Death? Birth? in the future I plan to venture into Salvia Space once again, hopefully I will find the answer I'm looking for.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Android-x86
Run Android on your PC
How to boot the Android-x86 Live-CD when you have problems with your graphiccard
From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>When you start the Live-CD and see the menu with the different boot options, hit the <tab> key to see the boot prompt.
Now you should see something like:
kernel initrd=/initrd.img root=/dev/ram0
androidboot_hardware=generic_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode video=-16
quiet SRC= DATA= DPI=240
You can edit this line. When you're finished, hit <enter&ft; to boot the system.
I suggest you to remove the word "quiet" to see the kernel messages.
Now the kernel should tell you what he does.
The parameter "nomodeset" disables "the kernel mode setting" (tells the kernel to not set the graphic resolution, let X do that instead).
The parameter "xforcevesa" enforces to use the VESA driver for X.
I would play with both parameters:
• Booting with parameter "nomodeset"
• Booting with parameter "xforcevesa"
• Booting with parameter "nomodeset xforcevesa"


Definition
Average seasonal Crop (Corn) Heat Units (CHU)
Method of calculation
CHUnormal values are calculated from average daily maximum and minimum air temperatures as described by Brown and Bootsma (1993), and accumulated from Start_CHU to Stop_CHU. The CHU formula is the same for all regions of Canada.
However, the criteria for estimating the average start and end date for accumulating CHU over the average growing season vary from region to region.


|
MkE Client v1.0
Documentation
|
Client class provides simple interface for interaction with Device via MkE API. After successful connection, you can send requests to Device by using methods with either synchronous or asynchronous interface. More...
#include <client.h>
Public Types | |
| typedef uint32_t | Handle |
Public Member Functions | |
| Client (BaseBus *bus) | |
| Contructor of the client. More... | |
| virtual | ~Client () |
| Destructor of the client. More... | |
| virtual size_t | frameLen (mke::api::MkEFrameType type) |
| Get length (in bytes) of frame by its type. More... | |
| void | connect () |
| Connect to the device. More... | |
| bool | is_connected () const |
| Is the device connected? More... | |
| void | disconnect () |
| Disconnect from the device. More... | |
| void | cancelRequest (Handle handle) |
| Cancel request. More... | |
| Handle | getState (StateCallback callback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Get current state of the device - async call. More... | |
| api::MkEStateType | getState (unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Get current state of the device - sync call. More... | |
| void | setPayloadBuffer (Buffer *buffer) |
| Set payload buffer should be used. More... | |
| Handle | setState (api::MkEStateType state, AckCallback ackCallback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Set state of the device - async call. More... | |
| void | setState (api::MkEStateType state, unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Set state of the device - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | getFirmwareInfo (FirmwareInfoCallback callback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Get firmware info of the device - async call. More... | |
| mke::api::MkEReply_FirmwareInfo | getFirmwareInfo (unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Get firmware info of the device - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | getDeviceInfo (DeviceInfoCallback callback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Get device info of the device - async call. More... | |
| mke::api::MkEReply_DeviceInfo | getDeviceInfo (unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Get device info of the device - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | terminate (api::MkETerminateMethodType term_type, AckCallback ackCallback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Terminate device - Async call. More... | |
| void | terminate (mke::api::MkETerminateMethodType term_type, unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Terminate device - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | getFrame (api::MkEFrameType frame_type, FrameCallback callback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Get current frame from the device (depth-sensor) - async call. More... | |
| Frame | getFrame (api::MkEFrameType frame_type, Buffer &buff, mke::api::MkEReply_Frame ¶ms, unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Get current frame from the device (depth-sensor) - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | startFramePush (api::MkEFrameType frame_type, FrameCallback callback, StatusCallback transferCallback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Start pushing frames - async call. More... | |
| Handle | stopFramePush (AckCallback ackCallback, ErrorCallback errorCallback) |
| Stop pushing frames - async call. More... | |
| void | stopFramePush (unsigned timeout_ms=TIMEOUT_INFINITE) |
| Stop pushing frames - sync call. More... | |
| Handle | getPolicy (PolicyCallback callback, ErrorCallback err) |
| Get policy - async call. More... | |
| Handle | setPolicy (const char *policy, AckCallback stats, ErrorCallback err) |
| Set policy - async call. More... | |
| Handle | listPolicies (ListPoliciesCallback callback, ErrorCallback err) |
| List policies - async call. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| priv::RawClient * | raw_ |
Client class provides simple interface for interaction with Device via MkE API. After successful connection, you can send requests to Device by using methods with either synchronous or asynchronous interface.
| typedef uint32_t mke::cli::Client::Handle |
| Client::Client | ( | BaseBus * | bus | ) |
Contructor of the client.
| bus | communication bus to be used |
|
virtual |
Destructor of the client.
| void Client::cancelRequest | ( | Client::Handle | handle | ) |
Cancel request.
| void Client::connect | ( | ) |
Connect to the device.
| void Client::disconnect | ( | ) |
Disconnect from the device.
|
virtual |
Get length (in bytes) of frame by its type.
| Client::Handle Client::getDeviceInfo | ( | DeviceInfoCallback | callback, |
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Get device info of the device - async call.
| mke::api::MkEReply_DeviceInfo Client::getDeviceInfo | ( | unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE | ) |
Get device info of the device - sync call.
| Client::Handle Client::getFirmwareInfo | ( | FirmwareInfoCallback | callback, |
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Get firmware info of the device - async call.
| mke::api::MkEReply_FirmwareInfo Client::getFirmwareInfo | ( | unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE | ) |
Get firmware info of the device - sync call.
| Handle mke::cli::Client::getFrame | ( | api::MkEFrameType | frame_type, |
| FrameCallback | callback, | ||
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Get current frame from the device (depth-sensor) - async call.
| frame_type | type of items given in frame |
| Frame mke::cli::Client::getFrame | ( | api::MkEFrameType | frame_type, |
| Buffer & | buff, | ||
| mke::api::MkEReply_Frame & | params, | ||
| unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE |
||
| ) |
| Client::Handle Client::getPolicy | ( | PolicyCallback | callback, |
| ErrorCallback | err | ||
| ) |
Get policy - async call.
| Client::Handle Client::getState | ( | StateCallback | callback, |
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Get current state of the device - async call.
| mke::api::MkEStateType Client::getState | ( | unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE | ) |
Get current state of the device - sync call.
| bool Client::is_connected | ( | ) | const |
Is the device connected?
| Client::Handle Client::listPolicies | ( | ListPoliciesCallback | callback, |
| ErrorCallback | err | ||
| ) |
List policies - async call.
| void Client::setPayloadBuffer | ( | Buffer * | buffer | ) |
Set payload buffer should be used.
| buffer | payload buffer |
| Client::Handle Client::setPolicy | ( | const char * | policy, |
| AckCallback | stats, | ||
| ErrorCallback | err | ||
| ) |
Set policy - async call.
| policy | policy to be set |
| Handle mke::cli::Client::setState | ( | api::MkEStateType | state, |
| AckCallback | ackCallback, | ||
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Set state of the device - async call.
| state | state should be set |
| void mke::cli::Client::setState | ( | api::MkEStateType | state, |
| unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE |
||
| ) |
Set state of the device - sync call.
| state | state should be set |
| Client::Handle Client::startFramePush | ( | api::MkEFrameType | frame_type, |
| FrameCallback | callback, | ||
| StatusCallback | transferCallback, | ||
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Start pushing frames - async call.
| frame_type | type of items given in frame |
| Client::Handle Client::stopFramePush | ( | AckCallback | ackCallback, |
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Stop pushing frames - async call.
| void Client::stopFramePush | ( | unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE | ) |
Stop pushing frames - sync call.
| Handle mke::cli::Client::terminate | ( | api::MkETerminateMethodType | term_type, |
| AckCallback | ackCallback, | ||
| ErrorCallback | errorCallback | ||
| ) |
Terminate device - Async call.
| term_type | type of termination |
| void Client::terminate | ( | mke::api::MkETerminateMethodType | term_type, |
| unsigned | timeout_ms = TIMEOUT_INFINITE |
||
| ) |
Terminate device - sync call.
| term_type | type of termination |
|
protected |


Holds the Enet_Pn_FIFO_Status register contents. More...
#include <csl_cpsw.h>
Data Fields | |
| Uint32 | estBufAct |
| Uint32 | estAddErr |
| Uint32 | estCntErr |
| Uint32 | txExpressMacAllow |
| Uint32 | txPriActive |
Holds the Enet_Pn_FIFO_Status register contents.
| Uint32 CSL_CPGMAC_SL_FIFOSTATUS::estAddErr |
EST Address Error Indicates that the fetch ram was read again after the previous maximum buffer address read (the previous fetch from the maximum address is reused).
| Uint32 CSL_CPGMAC_SL_FIFOSTATUS::estBufAct |
EST RAM active buffer . Indicates the active 64-word fetch buffer when pn_est_onebuf is cleared to zero. Indicates the fetch ram address MSB when pn_est_onebuf set to one.
| Uint32 CSL_CPGMAC_SL_FIFOSTATUS::estCntErr |
EST Fetch Count Error Indicates that insufficient clocks were programmed into the fetch count and that another fetch was commanded before the previous fetch finished.
| Uint32 CSL_CPGMAC_SL_FIFOSTATUS::txExpressMacAllow |
EST transmit mac allow Bus that indicates the actual priorities assigned to the express queue (and inversely the priorities assigned to the prempt queue). The pn_mac_prempt[7:0] field in the Enet_Pn_IET_Control register indicates which priorities should be assigned to the express/prempt queues. The switch between queues happens only when the priority is empty and the actual assignment is shown in this field.
| Uint32 CSL_CPGMAC_SL_FIFOSTATUS::txPriActive |
EST Transmit Priority Active Bus that indicates which priorities have packets (non-empty) at the time of the register read.


| Jump to DART Documentation Main Index |
The DART Iceland release (23 Nov 2005) is expected to be the last update that makes major modifications to the user interfaces to DART and the DART interfaces to models or observations. The primary purpose of this release is to improve the way that DART handles observation sequences. The goal is to provide a more modular fashion for adding new types of observations with potentially complex forward operators and arbitrary amounts and types of metadata that are needed to define a particular observation. Limited backward compatibility has been implemented for existing observation sequence files, however, it is strongly recommended that users switch to the new format as quickly as possible.
The changes to the observation sequences impact large portions of the DART code. In addition, Iceland also implements a number of other improvements and additions to DART and fixes several known bugs from earlier releases. Highlights of the changes from the workshop and Hawaii releases are:
| assim_model | Uses digits12 for netcdf time computations allowing reduced precision models; automatic detection of restart file input format, read_binary_restart removed from namelist, namelist error checking. |
| assim_tools | Namelist error checking added. Order in which computation of ensemble prior and observation to state distance are computed has been changed in attempt to increase efficiency (should have only round-off level impact on results). Added ability to print out regional regression coefficients when using the parallel implementation. |
| common: types_mod.f90 | Added digits12 real precision kind for doing times with required precision when rest of assimilation is done with reduced real precision, added gravity to constants list. |
| converters | These WRF specific routines have been significantly modified to use the updated release of WRF. See the files and the WRF specific documentation for details. |
| cov_cutoff | added optional argument localization_override to comp_cov_factor to override the namelist selection of the localization_type for a single call. Changed to more computationally efficient method for computing value of Gaspari Cohn function. Namelist error checking. |
| diagnostics | Observation space diagnostics are now included in this directory. There are directories for oned models and threed_sphere models, each contains an obs_diag.f90 program along with its namelist and documentation. The matlab directory contains matlab scripts for plotting the results of observation space diagnostics. |
| ensemble_manager | Includes commented block needed to write out ensemble mean for WRF boundary forcing computations. Namelist error checking. |
| filter | Incorporated new namelist error checking, modified calls to read_obs_seq_header to support automatic file format detection, changed to new qc values (see summary above). Namelist error checking. |
| integrate_model | Namelist error checking. |
| location/threed_sphere | Added 5 VERTIS**** variables for describing vertical location kinds. Corrected error in table lookup for approximate computation of cos and sin by doubling range of lookup table. Added public logical functions vert_is_undef and vert_is_surface. Improved menu for interactive definition of locations. Namelist error checking. |
| matlab | Minor modifications to several scripts. |
| mkmf | Templates cleaned up and templates for additional platforms added. |
| models | All with namelists have namelist error detection. |
| models/bgrid_solo | Use new generic kind definitions to decide how to interpolate observations. |
| models/lorenz_04 | Added nc_read_model_vars to read in netcdf file format. |
| ncep_obs | The code from NCEP to read bufr files has been added to the directory. This is not technically part of DART but is required as a first phase for BUFR file translation. Program create_real_obs has been generalized to read in portions of days if required and to use the new obs_kind and obs_def modules and the obs_def_reanalysis_bufr_mod.f90 to include much more detailed descriptions of the types of observations. The obs_diag programs have been moved to the diagnostics directory. The matlab diagnostic routines have also been moved to the diagnostics directory and generalized. |
| DEFAULT_obs_def_mod.F90 | Replaces obs_def_mod.f90, preprocessed to create obs_def_mod.f90. No longer has a namelist (previous namelist moved to obs_kind_nml). Function get_obs_name returns the name string for an observation kind given the integer kind index. Routine set_obs_def_key added to set the value of the integer key associated with an obs_def_type. Provides default mapping for obs_sequence files in the old format that do not have a header table mapping indices to obs_kind strings. |
| obs_def_dew_point_mod.f90 | New module for doing dew point forward operators. |
| obs_def_metar_mod.f90 | New module for doing surface observation forward operators. |
| obs_def_radar_mod.f90 | Revised version of radar forward operator module that works with DEFAULT_obs_def_mod.F90. |
| obs_def_1d_state_mod.f90 | Computes forward operators for interpolation and integrals of low-order models with a single state variable type on a cyclic domain. |
| obs_def_reanalysis_bufr_mod.f90 | Computes forward operators for all types of observations available in the reanalysis BUFR files. |
| DEFAULT_obs_kind_mod.F90 | Replaces obs_kind_mod.f90, preprocessed to create obs_kind_mod.f90. Includes new 'generic' kind definitions list with associated integers. Each observation kind must be associated with one of these generic kinds. Now has namelist to define what observation kinds are being assimilated or evaluated plus new namelist error checking. Provides new interfaces to get information about obs_kind: get_obs_kind_name returns the observation name string given a kind index; get_obs_kind_index does the inverse, assimilate_this_obs_kind and evaluate_this_obs_kind return true if this observation index is one that is to be used in this way; get_obs_kind_var_type returns the generic kind associated with an observation type, get_kind_from_menu offers interactive creation capability. |
| obs_sequence_mod.f90 | obs_sequence files now have a header that maps from obs_kind indices to a string that uniquely identifies the observation kind. Automatic detection of obs_sequence file formats and old format without header. Automatic namelist error detection and removal of read_binary_obs_sequence from namelist. Removal of code for WRF radar observations. |
| perfect_model_obs.f90 | Uses revised calls to read_obs_seq_header and read_obs_seq to use automatic file format detection. Automatic namelist error detection. |
| preprocess.f90 | Now preprocesses the DEFAULT_obs_kind_mod.F90 and DEFAULT_obs_def_mod.F90 and inputs information from obs_def_???_mod.f90 files such as obs_def_reanalysis_bufr_mod. Looks for fixed format text strings in the input files to determine what sections of code to extract and where to insert them in the DEFAULT files. Namelist includes the names of the two input DEFAULT files, the names of the output preprocessed files (normally obs_def_mod.f90 and obs_kind_mod.f90 in the appropriate directories) and a list of all the obs_def_???_mod.f90 files that are to be incorporated. |
| reg_factor_mod.f90 | Automatic namelist error detection. |
| shell_scripts | Several new scripts for managing files and cleaning up DART directories have been added. Significant modifications have been made to the platform specific scripts advance_ens, assim_filter, and filter_server. Versions for additional platforms have been added. |
| time_manager_mod.f90 | Use of digits12 precision for real computations allows reduced precision to be used for rest of dart. Optional error return added to read_time to support automatic file detection for dart state vector files. |
| tutorial | The workshop tutorial scripts have been updated to correct several errors and to be consistent with the preprocessing changes. Section 21 has been added to describe the new obs_sequence implementation. |
| utilities_mod.f90 | Namelist error detection added. |
DART software - Copyright UCAR. This open source software is provided by UCAR, "as is", without charge, subject to all terms of use at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/DART_download


October 16, 2013
Daily Digest
Primary Care
NEWS
European Hypertension Guidelines Help Fill U.S. Void
IMNG Medical Media; 2013 Sep 24; ML Zoler
NHLBI Hands Off Hypertension Guidelines to ACC, AHA
IMNG Medical Media; 2013 Sep 24; ML Zoler
Respiratory Virus Season Hits Health Care Personnel Hard
IMNG Medical Media; 2013 Oct 11; S Worcester
Malpractice Premiums Steady in 2013, Vary Widely By Region
IMNG Medical Media; 2013 Oct 14; A Gallegos
Obamacare Exchanges Open for Enrollment During Shutdown
IMNG Medical Media; 2013 Oct 01; ME Schneider
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I decided to implement a decoupled solution based on these amazing tools:Angular 2, WSO2, Auth0
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>phone: (+57)<PHONE_NUMBER>


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
To link your facebook account to OneFeed click below.
IMPORTANT: During this development cycle your url must be localhost:5000 for this to run the facebook feature properly.


An ultimate guide for Liberal Arts College students to land on tech internships
Share this page with friends!
Index
- Motivation of this webpage
- Things to do before applying for a job or an internship
- Getting Experience
- Project
a. Personal Project
b. Course Project
c. Hackathon - Experience
a. On-Campus Organization
b. On-Campus Employment
- Project
- Preparing a Resume
- Networking
a. Recruiters
b. Alumni
c. Community Organizations
d. Conferences and Scholarships
e. Career Fair and Other Events - Preparing for Technical Interviews
- Getting Experience
- Timeline for getting an internships offer
Motivation of this page
As a person who goes to a liberal arts college (LAC), LAC students tend to be surrounded by less information about career development compared to those who go to big universities. This page aims to provide students at Lawrence with concrete, useful, and up-to-date resources. These are what I wish I knew when I was a freshman or a sophomore. The title says landing on an internship, but the preparation part is almost the same for landing on full-time job IMO. The intended audiences of this page are those who hope to get into the Software Engineering.
Can I get an internship as an underclassman?
The companies do not necessarily target underclassmen for internship opportunities. Yet, there are tons of things that you can do to gain experience other than internships. I hear that starting early and applying to smaller companies can help you get an internship.
Questions? Typos?
Currently, I am activity editing content for this website. If you find useful information that you want to share, incorrect information or typo, please send a pull request. If you are not familiar with Github, just open an Issue
Ask a question
Have a question? Request for more information? Ask here.
Disclaimer : Information listed here may be wrong or outdated because this list initially started as a personal note for the author. If you find incorrect information, please let me know by making a pull request or opening an issue. Also, this note does not cover enough information for Product Mangement or Data Science track folks. I am working on it :)
Things to do before applying for a job or an internship
1. Getting experience
Before you start making a resume, you need to have some stuff to put on your resume! The technical resumes usually have four sections - Education, Skills, Experience, and Projects. In this page, I would like to show some ways to fill the last two sections - Experience and Projects.
Projects
It is standard that a resume for technical roles has a project section. The next three are things I recommend you to include in your resume
a. Personal Project
I highly recommend starting this as soon as possible. I am emphasizing this because you can start personal projects from right now. Growing technical skills in an internship is a good plan, but getting one technical internship can be hard if you have no prior experience in software development.
The project can start small, a simple Java game or a single webpage with HTML for instance. It is a good practice to come up with some software solution to your daily issues. If you do not come up with a project idea, think about tools or languages that you hope to learn
Here are some references
- What are the projects a first year computer science student can do in the summer?
- 24 Ultimate Data Science Projects To Boost Your Knowledge and Skills
- How to Develop Project Ideas for Your UX Portfolio
If you just started learning how to code and do not know where to start, following online tutorials is a good idea. You can find tutorial videos on YouTube(free) or Udemy($10+ per course)
Here are some references
- Web Development Courses on Udemy
- Web Development Tutorial for Beginners (#1) - How to build webpages with HTML, CSS, Javascript
- Introduction to Data Science with R - Data Analysis Part 1
b. Course Project
You can call the stuff you made in the course as a project (IMO). For example, when you made a website front-end in Web Client Programming class, you can call it a project. If an assignment you completed in a course is tangible, you can call it a project (as far as you can explain what you accomplished in the project). For more information about classes at Lawrence, this.
c. Hackathon
When you have time, go to Hackathon. It is a great place to learn new skills and tools, work on projects that you can put on a resume, and network with recruiters. Some hackathon covers a part of your traveling cost. Check out each hackathon’s website for more info. Find nearby hackathons here
Work Experience
a. On-Campus Organization
- Makerspace
- Womxn in Computer Science - I just started running from Fall 2019 Woohoo
b. On-Campus Employment
They do recruiting in Spring Term, check Handshake regulary
- Student Web Developer - IT - Web Dev. (PHP, frontend)
- IT Assistant - IT - Probably more hardware maintainance(?)
- Research Assistant - CS/Math faculty
- Tech Crew - Warch - Probably more hardware maintainance(?)
2. Preparing a Resume
I first recommend you to read this guide on how to build a rockstar resume, especially page 14-18 on how to write effective bullets. Then, use this guide by a software engineer to make it more tech industry specific. The latter guide is possibly the best guide for those who aim to be working in the tech industry. Also, this email blog by a person who made the former guide helps learn how to strategically go through recruiting. I highly recommend subscribing
3. Networking
Alumni
When you find alumni who do interesting works, do reach out! LinkedIn, Voyager directory, Career Services are all useful tools to do so. Get their contact information and reach out. Ask for a coffee/phone call/email exchange to know more about them and their works. If possible, ask them about recruiting information they may know. Be respectful of their time and commitment!
Recruiters
Recruiters can be a direct point of contact for companies. You can reach out to them at a career fair. After meeting, send emails and LinkedIn requests to the people you met. Ask if you can speak to them more about companies on call. Alternatively, you can send cold emails/messages. This Facebook Group helps you find recruiters’ email addresses
Community Organization
These communities help you connect to people with similar interests and informs you about what other students are doing in order to get more experience and to develop their careers.
I recently find a spreadsheet that lists online communities around technology
Facebook groups that I found helpful to be a part of
- Tech Recruiter Email Sharing - A list of technical recruiters’ emails is posted weekly here. Good resource to have when you want to follow up after your application
- Subtle Asian Tech - The membership is not limited to Asians, everyone is welcome to join!
- Subtle Asian Product Management - Again, anyone interested in Product Management can join
- (SF, Bay Area) Hire Club - Job postings in Bay Area
- (SF, Bay Area) Albert’s List - Job postings in Bay Area. Non-technical jobs are also posted
Women in Tech
- Rewriting The Code - Membership, Fellowship - Highly Recommend!!!
- Built By Girls - Mentorship, Job Board
- Tech Ladies - Job Board
- Girls Who Code
- Women Tech Makers - Membership, Scholarship
- Women in Tech Wisconsin - Membership - Highly Recommend!!!
Conferences and Scholarships
- Forbes Under 30 Summit - They have scholarship that you can purchase the conference pass with 90% discount, the application for which usually is open during summer
- This super usuful website listing scholarhsip information for CS conferences
- (Minority in Tech)ACM Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing - A couple of scholarships available, opens sometime in Winter term
- (Women in Tech)Grace Hopper Celebration - The biggest gathering of women in tech. There is an unofficial list of scholarships sponsored by various companies
Career Fair and other events
- Xterns.com - A website listening tech/business/non-profits short-term events sponsored by variety of companies and organizations
- Shadow Silicon Valley Trip organized by LU Career Service in Spring Break. The application opens in Winter term
- Lawrence Scholars in Business Chicago trip organized by LU Career Services in Fall term reading period
Preparing for Technical Interviews
- This post by Lawrence CS alumna
- Leetcode
- Cracking The Coding Interview - A book that has everything, reach out to me if you want a free pdf copy
- Cracking The PM Interview - This is for aspiring Product Manager
Timeline for getting an internship offer
Throughout year and especillay during breaks
Summer
(Summer after freshmen/sophomore/junior year)
- Get organized
Think about what roles and which companies you will apply for coming fall, make a spreadsheet to organize application status. - Make your resume perfect
If possible, try to have your resume reviewed by professionals - Network with alumni
If you are traveling to somewhere, network with alumni in the area. - Attend career fairs/company open house/webinar and network with recruiters
Find the nearby events to get to know recruiters and companies. If you are not in city, find webinars online where companies introduce their works. In my case, information about these come from active communtiy organizations. - Work on your personal projects
- Study for technical interviews
- Get referrals
I highly recommend getting a referral from someone worked/working in the company before applying for internships. Referrals make your application stand a little (a tiny little) out of candidates pool. For me, most of my referrals come from members of active communtiy organizations. (Now you see the importance of getting into communities, right?) - [August] Apply to internships in big companies. Big companies open their application for competitive positions in July to Auguest
Fall
- Apply to internships in big companies.
For summer 2020, this Github repo lists a bunch of internships - Follow up with recruiters when you do not hear back in 2 weeks after applying
- Attend career fair/hackathon/webinars (see Summer section)
- Prepare for interviews
Either it is an onsite or a phone call interview, research about companies and think about why you want to work for them beforehand. Prepare questions to ask to interviewers as well. Read Glassdoor reviews and talk to past interns to know the atmosphere of the interview. You can also ask to recruiters what they look to know more in the interivew (Do they look to know your technical skills? personalities?)
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[CHAPTER 257]
INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT ACCOUNTS
Section
257-1 Definitions
257-2 Eligible individuals
257-3 Fiduciary organizations
257-4 Penalties
257-5 Death
257-6 Financial institutions
257-7 Assets; disregarded
257-8 Matches
257-9 Tax exemption
257-10 Tax credit
257-11 Administration; evaluation; information; reporting


The ESUG Board as elected 2010
ESUG is a french-law association, and hence it is not subject to the VAT. It does not have a siret number but is registered under the number W751167780.
ESUG is a non-profit association that gathers all European users of all dialects of Smalltalk. It was registered in 1991 under French status "Association de Loi 1901".
Its goals are to:
ESUG users usually meets at Object-Oriented Conferences, such as ECOOP and SPLASH, and the ESUG users conference. Board members can be reached through e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(which broadcasts to all board members) for information.
For mailings to members and everybody who subscribed directly to the mailing list you can send a mail to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To visit the mailing list go to http://lists.esug.org/mailman/listinfo/esug-list_lists.esug.org, currently more than 500 Smalltalkers all over Europe and beyond!.
Info on the ESUG board members is also available. If you want to become an ESUG member, you can check out the Membership page.


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userdata¶
reference to a userdata
class userdata : public table;
class light_userdata : public table;
These types are meant to hold a reference to a (light) userdata from Lua and make it easy to push an existing userdata onto the stack. It is essentially identical to table in every way, just with a definitive C++ type that ensures the type is some form of userdata (helpful for trapping type errors with safety features turned on). You can also use its .is<T>()
and .as<T>()
methods to check if its of a specific type and retrieve that type, respectively.


source code documentationah.hGo to the documentation of this file.00001 /* 00002 * embedded IPsec 00003 * Copyright (c) 2003 Niklaus Schild and Christian Scheurer, HTI Biel/Bienne 00004 * All rights reserved. 00005 * 00006 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, 00007 * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 00008 * 00009 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 00010 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 00011 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 00012 * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 00013 * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 00014 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 00015 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 00016 * 00017 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED 00018 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 00019 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT 00020 * SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, 00021 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT 00022 * OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 00023 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 00024 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 00025 * IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY 00026 * OF SUCH DAMAGE. 00027 * 00028 */ 00029 00043 #ifndef __AH_H__ 00044 #define __AH_H__ 00045 00046 #include "ipsec/sa.h" 00047 #include "ipsec/util.h" 00048 00049 00050 #define IPSEC_AH_HDR_SIZE (12) 00053 typedef struct ah_hdr_struct 00054 { 00055 __u8 nexthdr; 00056 __u8 len; 00057 __u16 reserved; 00058 __u32 spi; 00059 __u32 sequence; 00060 __u8 ah_data[IPSEC_AUTH_ICV]; 00061 } ipsec_ah_header; 00062 00063 00064 extern __u32 ipsec_ah_bitmap; 00065 extern __u32 ipsec_ah_lastSeq; 00067 int ipsec_ah_check(ipsec_ip_header *, int *, int *, void *); 00068 int ipsec_ah_encapsulate(ipsec_ip_header *, int *, int *, void *, __u32, __u32); 00069 00070 #endif 00071 00072 |