Hello, my name is Frank,
I'm an IT student at NMIT
I am in my first year of study into IT and I have not yet decided which area of IT I want to focus on but I feel as though I lean more towards programming. I enjoy automation and am interested in Artificial Intelligence (AI) though I have yet to look into AI in greater detail.


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With Open Board, you can assign, submit, and grade wherever you can do.
Once students get accessed their assignment from Open Board, Google Calendar event will be added on their calendar(mobile and Google Account).
Students and instructor don't need to organize files from their computer anymore. Open Board takes care of managing your files from Cloud.
Open Board uses Google Drive, Docs, and Add-Ons. Students and instructors no more need to bring own USB.
Instructors can directly grade assignments from Google Docs and Open Board immediately updates grades.
For access to Openboard, you need to create new user account.
You can create your own class. Once you have a class you can assign homework
You can make a copy of assignment template by clicking open button. Open Board will upload new file onto your Google Drive
Once you submitted an assignment, a notification email will be sent to Instructor's email account. For this tutorial, you are the instructor. Check your email Account.
You also can access student's file without checking your email account. You can just click open button. Open Board will follow you to student file.


## Claim
The binary between Digital Scholarly Editions and Printed Scholarly Editions is not only false
but *harmful*.
## Why harmful?
It is harmful because it reinforces an outmoded publishing paradigm, to which continued adherence works against what is now technologically possible.
## Problems with the Old Paradigm
* The old paradigm conflates data and presentation.
* This welds data to a particular presentation.
* This particular presentation restricts data to a particular use.
## Why this paradigm persists
* Welding data to presentation is no longer technologically required.
* It lingers only because of social and political intransigence.
## Aims of the SCTA
### [http://scta.info](http://scta.info)
* The SCTA or Scholastic Commentaries and Texts Archive exists to break this social intransigence.
* It exists to be a new type of social community dedicated to the publication of scholastic texts divorced from presentation, freeing that data to be used in a plurality of presentations for a plurality of use cases.
## What the SCTA does
1. Maintains a set of domain specific standards for the publication of textual data *as data* anywhere on the web.
2. Helps publish this decentralized data by organizing it with detailed metadata.
3. Makes this metadata available through various APIs that client applications can make use of to display this data in any way desired.
# Presentation Plurality
# The Promise of Networked Connections
# Example
# Client Applications and Networked Connections


Watch the Ford Mustang Mach-E live unveiling
Ford electrifies the Mustang family with an all-electric crossover
by John Beltz SnyderAt long last, the wait is over. Ford is unveiling its all electric crossover, called the Mustang Mach-E live at an event in Los Angeles. This will be our first official look at the full vehicle, and Ford will begin taking reservations at its website after the webcast is over.
Unofficially, we've already seen the new EV, as well as what may or may not be accurate specs and pricing, in a leak from a Ford site on Thursday. We'll find out tonight whether or not those numbers were just placeholders, and we'll get a lot of other important details about the Mach-E.
Watch along with us, and keep an eye out for Autoblog's own Joel Stocksdale, who is on the ground at the event. Stay tuned for more information, followups and more L.A. Auto Show coverage right here on Autoblog.


Report Generation
This add-on allows you to generate a
variety of reports in a flexible and
extensible way.
It provides a dialog that can be accessed via menu "Report /
Generate Report..." menu item or via the "Generate Report..." toolbar
button.
It also supports the Automation
Framework.
Generate Report Dialog
Scope Fields
The Scope tab has the following fields:
Report Title
The title that will be used in the report.
Report Name
The filename that will be used for the report. This name can include
the following patterns:
{{
date/time pattern }}
Any
Java Date/Time pattern, e.g. yyyy-MM-dd
[[site]]
The name of the first site selected
The name will be automatically updated with the site selected and
extension for the report type.
To change the default name used change the 'Report Name Pattern'
Report Directory
The directory into which the report will be written. This directory
will be selected when the dialog is next opened.
Description
The description that will be included in the report.
Contexts
A list of all of the Contexts currently available. Select one or more
to only include alerts and other information from those contexts in the
report. You can use the shift or control keys to select and unselect
more than one context.
By default all contexts will be included.
Sites
A list of all of the Sites currently available. Select one or more to
only include alerts and other information from those sites in the
report. You can use the shift or control keys to select and unselect
more than one site.
By default all sites will be included.
If you select sites that are not in the contexts that you have
also selected then no data will be included in the report.
Generate If No Alerts
By default the dialog will prevent you from generating a report with no
alerts. Select this check box if you do want to generate a report with
no alerts.
Display Report
If selected then ZAP will attempt to open the report using the default
program used by your operating system for that report type.
Template Fields
The Template tab has the following fields:
Template
A pulldown containing all of the available templates. The template
names include the format that they will be generated in, e.g. HTML, MD,
PDF etc.
Theme
Templates may optionally define 'themes' - typically different colours
and styles which apply to the same content. If any themes are defined
for the selected template then you can select them here.
Sections
Templates may optionally define 'sections' - parts of the report which
can be included or excluded. If the selected template defines sections
then a checkbox for each section will be displayed here. By default all
checkboxes will be selected. If you unselect any of the sections then
they will not be included in the report.
Filter Fields
The Filter tab has the following fields:
Include Risks
Include alerts with the selected risks.
Include Confidences
Include alerts with the selected confidences.
Options Fields
The Options tab has the following fields:
Report Name Pattern
The pattern that will be used to generate the report name.
Template Directory
The directory from which templates will be loaded. You should not
typically need to change unless you are designing new reports, in which
case it can be useful to change to point to your local source code
reports directory. The "reports" folder in your ZAP home directory is
used by default.
See also


It appears from what is left on record of the age in which XXPROPHET lived, that the foundation of the heathen mythology was laid, and that a large portion of the world digressed from the path of rectitude and righteousness, and were fast tending forward to that disgraceful confusion and idolatry, that they afterward were thrust into; however, I admit that some few strictly adhered to the principles of righteousness, and that the majority of the nations retained some few vestiges of the pure religion of heaven; as is evident from many things that are recorded in connection with the history of XXPROPHET, and those immediately connected with him. The Lord therefore, foreseeing the result of this apostacy, called XXPROPHET and commanded him to leave the land of his nativity, and go into the land of Canaan. It seems, that the object the Lord had in view in doing this, was to cause a knowledge of him to be retained on earth, which was likely to be lost among those who had turned to idolatry.  All these considerations were included in the covenant the Lord made with him.
asXXsoonXXasXXxxprophet soonXXasXXxxprophetXXreached asXXxxprophetXXreachedXXthe xxprophetXXreachedXXtheXXland reachedXXtheXXlandXXof theXXlandXXofXXcanaan landXXofXXcanaanXXthe ofXXcanaanXXtheXXlord canaanXXtheXXlordXXappeared theXXlordXXappearedXXto lordXXappearedXXtoXXhim appearedXXtoXXhimXXand toXXhimXXandXXmade himXXandXXmadeXXknown andXXmadeXXknownXXin madeXXknownXXinXXfull knownXXinXXfullXXhis inXXfullXXhisXXintentions fullXXhisXXintentionsXXwhich hisXXintentionsXXwhichXXwere intentionsXXwhichXXwereXXas whichXXwereXXasXXabove wereXXasXXaboveXXand asXXaboveXXandXXceded aboveXXandXXcededXXto andXXcededXXtoXXhim cededXXtoXXhimXXand toXXhimXXandXXhis himXXandXXhisXXposterity andXXhisXXposterityXXafter hisXXposterityXXafterXXhim posterityXXafterXXhimXXforever afterXXhimXXforeverXXand himXXforeverXXandXXever foreverXXandXXeverXXall andXXeverXXallXXthe everXXallXXtheXXland allXXtheXXlandXXthat theXXlandXXthatXXhe landXXthatXXheXXcould thatXXheXXcouldXXsee heXXcouldXXseeXXfrom couldXXseeXXfromXXan seeXXfromXXanXXeminent fromXXanXXeminentXXplace anXXeminentXXplaceXXon eminentXXplaceXXonXXwhich placeXXonXXwhichXXhe onXXwhichXXheXXstood whichXXheXXstoodXXhe heXXstoodXXheXXalso stoodXXheXXalsoXXpromised heXXalsoXXpromisedXXhim alsoXXpromisedXXhimXXthat promisedXXhimXXthatXXhis himXXthatXXhisXXprogeny thatXXhisXXprogenyXXshould hisXXprogenyXXshouldXXbe progenyXXshouldXXbeXXcomparatively shouldXXbeXXcomparativelyXXspeaking beXXcomparativelyXXspeakingXXas comparativelyXXspeakingXXasXXnumerous speakingXXasXXnumerousXXas asXXnumerousXXasXXthe numerousXXasXXtheXXstars asXXtheXXstarsXXof theXXstarsXXofXXheaven starsXXofXXheavenXXand ofXXheavenXXandXXthat heavenXXandXXthatXXin andXXthatXXinXXand thatXXinXXandXXthrough inXXandXXthroughXXhis andXXthroughXXhisXXseed throughXXhisXXseedXXall hisXXseedXXallXXthe seedXXallXXtheXXfamilies allXXtheXXfamiliesXXof theXXfamiliesXXofXXthe familiesXXofXXtheXXearth ofXXtheXXearthXXshould theXXearthXXshouldXXbe earthXXshouldXXbeXXblessed shouldXXbeXXblessedXXall beXXblessedXXallXXthese blessedXXallXXtheseXXconsiderations allXXtheseXXconsiderationsXXwere theseXXconsiderationsXXwereXXincluded considerationsXXwereXXincludedXXin wereXXincludedXXinXXthe includedXXinXXtheXXcovenant inXXtheXXcovenantXXthe theXXcovenantXXtheXXlord covenantXXtheXXlordXXmade theXXlordXXmadeXXwith lordXXmadeXXwithXXhim
asXXsoonXXas soonXXasXXxxprophet asXXxxprophetXXreached xxprophetXXreachedXXthe reachedXXtheXXland theXXlandXXof landXXofXXcanaan ofXXcanaanXXthe canaanXXtheXXlord theXXlordXXappeared lordXXappearedXXto appearedXXtoXXhim toXXhimXXand himXXandXXmade andXXmadeXXknown madeXXknownXXin knownXXinXXfull inXXfullXXhis fullXXhisXXintentions hisXXintentionsXXwhich intentionsXXwhichXXwere whichXXwereXXas wereXXasXXabove asXXaboveXXand aboveXXandXXceded andXXcededXXto cededXXtoXXhim toXXhimXXand himXXandXXhis andXXhisXXposterity hisXXposterityXXafter posterityXXafterXXhim afterXXhimXXforever himXXforeverXXand foreverXXandXXever andXXeverXXall everXXallXXthe allXXtheXXland theXXlandXXthat landXXthatXXhe thatXXheXXcould heXXcouldXXsee couldXXseeXXfrom seeXXfromXXan fromXXanXXeminent anXXeminentXXplace eminentXXplaceXXon placeXXonXXwhich onXXwhichXXhe whichXXheXXstood heXXstoodXXhe stoodXXheXXalso heXXalsoXXpromised alsoXXpromisedXXhim promisedXXhimXXthat himXXthatXXhis thatXXhisXXprogeny hisXXprogenyXXshould progenyXXshouldXXbe shouldXXbeXXcomparatively beXXcomparativelyXXspeaking comparativelyXXspeakingXXas speakingXXasXXnumerous asXXnumerousXXas numerousXXasXXthe asXXtheXXstars theXXstarsXXof starsXXofXXheaven ofXXheavenXXand heavenXXandXXthat andXXthatXXin thatXXinXXand inXXandXXthrough andXXthroughXXhis throughXXhisXXseed hisXXseedXXall seedXXallXXthe allXXtheXXfamilies theXXfamiliesXXof familiesXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXearth theXXearthXXshould earthXXshouldXXbe shouldXXbeXXblessed beXXblessedXXall blessedXXallXXthese allXXtheseXXconsiderations theseXXconsiderationsXXwere considerationsXXwereXXincluded wereXXincludedXXin includedXXinXXthe inXXtheXXcovenant theXXcovenantXXthe covenantXXtheXXlord theXXlordXXmade lordXXmadeXXwith madeXXwithXXhim
asXXsoon soonXXas asXXxxprophet xxprophetXXreached reachedXXthe theXXland landXXof ofXXcanaan canaanXXthe theXXlord lordXXappeared appearedXXto toXXhim himXXand andXXmade madeXXknown knownXXin inXXfull fullXXhis hisXXintentions intentionsXXwhich whichXXwere wereXXas asXXabove aboveXXand andXXceded cededXXto toXXhim himXXand andXXhis hisXXposterity posterityXXafter afterXXhim himXXforever foreverXXand andXXever everXXall allXXthe theXXland landXXthat thatXXhe heXXcould couldXXsee seeXXfrom fromXXan anXXeminent eminentXXplace placeXXon onXXwhich whichXXhe heXXstood stoodXXhe heXXalso alsoXXpromised promisedXXhim himXXthat thatXXhis hisXXprogeny progenyXXshould shouldXXbe beXXcomparatively comparativelyXXspeaking speakingXXas asXXnumerous numerousXXas asXXthe theXXstars starsXXof ofXXheaven heavenXXand andXXthat thatXXin inXXand andXXthrough throughXXhis hisXXseed seedXXall allXXthe theXXfamilies familiesXXof ofXXthe theXXearth earthXXshould shouldXXbe beXXblessed blessedXXall allXXthese theseXXconsiderations considerationsXXwere wereXXincluded includedXXin inXXthe theXXcovenant covenantXXthe theXXlord lordXXmade madeXXwith withXXhim
Now the matter seems to stand thus, the Lord in order to accomplish his purposes, resolved to raise up a people and commit to them his oracles or the holy priesthood, and make them the repositories of his knowledge, and stewards over the affairs of his kingdom. This forms a most exquisite solution of the scriptural doctrine of election and reprobation.The prophets, Christ, and the apostles, unanimously agree that the Israelite nation, were the chosen or elect people of God; or in other words, they were the chosen seed. The idea is, they were elected to hold the office of the priesthood, that all the world might be blessed through their administration; -- for indeed, Christ after the flesh was a descendant of XXPROPHET. In a scriptural sense, the whole Gentile world were reprobated; that is, they were not chosen to hold the office of the priesthood, or to be stewards over the affairs of the kingdom; but this reprobation did not effect their salvation in eternity, provided they were adopted into the family of XXPROPHET or kingdom of God, through obedience to the proper ordinances, administered by those holding the office of the priesthood.
nowXXtheXXmatterXXseems theXXmatterXXseemsXXto matterXXseemsXXtoXXstand seemsXXtoXXstandXXthus toXXstandXXthusXXthe standXXthusXXtheXXlord thusXXtheXXlordXXin theXXlordXXinXXorder lordXXinXXorderXXto inXXorderXXtoXXaccomplish orderXXtoXXaccomplishXXhis toXXaccomplishXXhisXXpurposes accomplishXXhisXXpurposesXXresolved hisXXpurposesXXresolvedXXto purposesXXresolvedXXtoXXraise resolvedXXtoXXraiseXXup toXXraiseXXupXXa raiseXXupXXaXXpeople upXXaXXpeopleXXand aXXpeopleXXandXXcommit peopleXXandXXcommitXXto andXXcommitXXtoXXthem commitXXtoXXthemXXhis toXXthemXXhisXXoracles themXXhisXXoraclesXXor hisXXoraclesXXorXXthe oraclesXXorXXtheXXholy orXXtheXXholyXXpriesthood theXXholyXXpriesthoodXXand holyXXpriesthoodXXandXXmake priesthoodXXandXXmakeXXthem andXXmakeXXthemXXthe makeXXthemXXtheXXrepositories themXXtheXXrepositoriesXXof theXXrepositoriesXXofXXhis repositoriesXXofXXhisXXknowledge ofXXhisXXknowledgeXXand hisXXknowledgeXXandXXstewards knowledgeXXandXXstewardsXXover andXXstewardsXXoverXXthe stewardsXXoverXXtheXXaffairs overXXtheXXaffairsXXof theXXaffairsXXofXXhis affairsXXofXXhisXXkingdom ofXXhisXXkingdomXXthis hisXXkingdomXXthisXXforms kingdomXXthisXXformsXXa thisXXformsXXaXXmost formsXXaXXmostXXexquisite aXXmostXXexquisiteXXsolution mostXXexquisiteXXsolutionXXof exquisiteXXsolutionXXofXXthe solutionXXofXXtheXXscriptural ofXXtheXXscripturalXXdoctrine theXXscripturalXXdoctrineXXof scripturalXXdoctrineXXofXXelection doctrineXXofXXelectionXXand ofXXelectionXXandXXreprobation electionXXandXXreprobationXXthe andXXreprobationXXtheXXprophets reprobationXXtheXXprophetsXXchrist theXXprophetsXXchristXXand prophetsXXchristXXandXXthe christXXandXXtheXXapostles andXXtheXXapostlesXXunanimously theXXapostlesXXunanimouslyXXagree apostlesXXunanimouslyXXagreeXXthat unanimouslyXXagreeXXthatXXthe agreeXXthatXXtheXXisraelite thatXXtheXXisraeliteXXnation theXXisraeliteXXnationXXwere israeliteXXnationXXwereXXthe nationXXwereXXtheXXchosen wereXXtheXXchosenXXor theXXchosenXXorXXelect chosenXXorXXelectXXpeople orXXelectXXpeopleXXof electXXpeopleXXofXXgod peopleXXofXXgodXXor ofXXgodXXorXXin godXXorXXinXXother orXXinXXotherXXwords inXXotherXXwordsXXthey otherXXwordsXXtheyXXwere wordsXXtheyXXwereXXthe theyXXwereXXtheXXchosen wereXXtheXXchosenXXseed theXXchosenXXseedXXthe chosenXXseedXXtheXXidea seedXXtheXXideaXXis theXXideaXXisXXthey ideaXXisXXtheyXXwere isXXtheyXXwereXXelected theyXXwereXXelectedXXto wereXXelectedXXtoXXhold electedXXtoXXholdXXthe toXXholdXXtheXXoffice holdXXtheXXofficeXXof theXXofficeXXofXXthe officeXXofXXtheXXpriesthood ofXXtheXXpriesthoodXXthat theXXpriesthoodXXthatXXall priesthoodXXthatXXallXXthe thatXXallXXtheXXworld allXXtheXXworldXXmight theXXworldXXmightXXbe worldXXmightXXbeXXblessed mightXXbeXXblessedXXthrough beXXblessedXXthroughXXtheir blessedXXthroughXXtheirXXadministration throughXXtheirXXadministrationXXfor theirXXadministrationXXforXXindeed administrationXXforXXindeedXXchrist forXXindeedXXchristXXafter indeedXXchristXXafterXXthe christXXafterXXtheXXflesh afterXXtheXXfleshXXwas theXXfleshXXwasXXa fleshXXwasXXaXXdescendant wasXXaXXdescendantXXof aXXdescendantXXofXXxxprophet descendantXXofXXxxprophetXXin ofXXxxprophetXXinXXa xxprophetXXinXXaXXscriptural inXXaXXscripturalXXsense aXXscripturalXXsenseXXthe scripturalXXsenseXXtheXXwhole senseXXtheXXwholeXXgentile theXXwholeXXgentileXXworld wholeXXgentileXXworldXXwere gentileXXworldXXwereXXreprobated worldXXwereXXreprobatedXXthat wereXXreprobatedXXthatXXis reprobatedXXthatXXisXXthey thatXXisXXtheyXXwere isXXtheyXXwereXXnot theyXXwereXXnotXXchosen wereXXnotXXchosenXXto notXXchosenXXtoXXhold chosenXXtoXXholdXXthe toXXholdXXtheXXoffice holdXXtheXXofficeXXof theXXofficeXXofXXthe officeXXofXXtheXXpriesthood ofXXtheXXpriesthoodXXor theXXpriesthoodXXorXXto priesthoodXXorXXtoXXbe orXXtoXXbeXXstewards toXXbeXXstewardsXXover beXXstewardsXXoverXXthe stewardsXXoverXXtheXXaffairs overXXtheXXaffairsXXof theXXaffairsXXofXXthe affairsXXofXXtheXXkingdom ofXXtheXXkingdomXXbut theXXkingdomXXbutXXthis kingdomXXbutXXthisXXreprobation butXXthisXXreprobationXXdid thisXXreprobationXXdidXXnot reprobationXXdidXXnotXXeffect didXXnotXXeffectXXtheir notXXeffectXXtheirXXsalvation effectXXtheirXXsalvationXXin theirXXsalvationXXinXXeternity salvationXXinXXeternityXXprovided inXXeternityXXprovidedXXthey eternityXXprovidedXXtheyXXwere providedXXtheyXXwereXXadopted theyXXwereXXadoptedXXinto wereXXadoptedXXintoXXthe adoptedXXintoXXtheXXfamily intoXXtheXXfamilyXXof theXXfamilyXXofXXxxprophet familyXXofXXxxprophetXXor ofXXxxprophetXXorXXkingdom xxprophetXXorXXkingdomXXof orXXkingdomXXofXXgod kingdomXXofXXgodXXthrough ofXXgodXXthroughXXobedience godXXthroughXXobedienceXXto throughXXobedienceXXtoXXthe obedienceXXtoXXtheXXproper toXXtheXXproperXXordinances theXXproperXXordinancesXXadministered properXXordinancesXXadministeredXXby ordinancesXXadministeredXXbyXXthose administeredXXbyXXthoseXXholding byXXthoseXXholdingXXthe thoseXXholdingXXtheXXoffice holdingXXtheXXofficeXXof theXXofficeXXofXXthe officeXXofXXtheXXpriesthood
nowXXtheXXmatter theXXmatterXXseems matterXXseemsXXto seemsXXtoXXstand toXXstandXXthus standXXthusXXthe thusXXtheXXlord theXXlordXXin lordXXinXXorder inXXorderXXto orderXXtoXXaccomplish toXXaccomplishXXhis accomplishXXhisXXpurposes hisXXpurposesXXresolved purposesXXresolvedXXto resolvedXXtoXXraise toXXraiseXXup raiseXXupXXa upXXaXXpeople aXXpeopleXXand peopleXXandXXcommit andXXcommitXXto commitXXtoXXthem toXXthemXXhis themXXhisXXoracles hisXXoraclesXXor oraclesXXorXXthe orXXtheXXholy theXXholyXXpriesthood holyXXpriesthoodXXand priesthoodXXandXXmake andXXmakeXXthem makeXXthemXXthe themXXtheXXrepositories theXXrepositoriesXXof repositoriesXXofXXhis ofXXhisXXknowledge hisXXknowledgeXXand knowledgeXXandXXstewards andXXstewardsXXover stewardsXXoverXXthe overXXtheXXaffairs theXXaffairsXXof affairsXXofXXhis ofXXhisXXkingdom hisXXkingdomXXthis kingdomXXthisXXforms thisXXformsXXa formsXXaXXmost aXXmostXXexquisite mostXXexquisiteXXsolution exquisiteXXsolutionXXof solutionXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXscriptural theXXscripturalXXdoctrine scripturalXXdoctrineXXof doctrineXXofXXelection ofXXelectionXXand electionXXandXXreprobation andXXreprobationXXthe reprobationXXtheXXprophets theXXprophetsXXchrist prophetsXXchristXXand christXXandXXthe andXXtheXXapostles theXXapostlesXXunanimously apostlesXXunanimouslyXXagree unanimouslyXXagreeXXthat agreeXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXisraelite theXXisraeliteXXnation israeliteXXnationXXwere nationXXwereXXthe wereXXtheXXchosen theXXchosenXXor chosenXXorXXelect orXXelectXXpeople electXXpeopleXXof peopleXXofXXgod ofXXgodXXor godXXorXXin orXXinXXother inXXotherXXwords otherXXwordsXXthey wordsXXtheyXXwere theyXXwereXXthe wereXXtheXXchosen theXXchosenXXseed chosenXXseedXXthe seedXXtheXXidea theXXideaXXis ideaXXisXXthey isXXtheyXXwere theyXXwereXXelected wereXXelectedXXto electedXXtoXXhold toXXholdXXthe holdXXtheXXoffice theXXofficeXXof officeXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXpriesthood theXXpriesthoodXXthat priesthoodXXthatXXall thatXXallXXthe allXXtheXXworld theXXworldXXmight worldXXmightXXbe mightXXbeXXblessed beXXblessedXXthrough blessedXXthroughXXtheir throughXXtheirXXadministration theirXXadministrationXXfor administrationXXforXXindeed forXXindeedXXchrist indeedXXchristXXafter christXXafterXXthe afterXXtheXXflesh theXXfleshXXwas fleshXXwasXXa wasXXaXXdescendant aXXdescendantXXof descendantXXofXXxxprophet ofXXxxprophetXXin xxprophetXXinXXa inXXaXXscriptural aXXscripturalXXsense scripturalXXsenseXXthe senseXXtheXXwhole theXXwholeXXgentile wholeXXgentileXXworld gentileXXworldXXwere worldXXwereXXreprobated wereXXreprobatedXXthat reprobatedXXthatXXis thatXXisXXthey isXXtheyXXwere theyXXwereXXnot wereXXnotXXchosen notXXchosenXXto chosenXXtoXXhold toXXholdXXthe holdXXtheXXoffice theXXofficeXXof officeXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXpriesthood theXXpriesthoodXXor priesthoodXXorXXto orXXtoXXbe toXXbeXXstewards beXXstewardsXXover stewardsXXoverXXthe overXXtheXXaffairs theXXaffairsXXof affairsXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXkingdom theXXkingdomXXbut kingdomXXbutXXthis butXXthisXXreprobation thisXXreprobationXXdid reprobationXXdidXXnot didXXnotXXeffect notXXeffectXXtheir effectXXtheirXXsalvation theirXXsalvationXXin salvationXXinXXeternity inXXeternityXXprovided eternityXXprovidedXXthey providedXXtheyXXwere theyXXwereXXadopted wereXXadoptedXXinto adoptedXXintoXXthe intoXXtheXXfamily theXXfamilyXXof familyXXofXXxxprophet ofXXxxprophetXXor xxprophetXXorXXkingdom orXXkingdomXXof kingdomXXofXXgod ofXXgodXXthrough godXXthroughXXobedience throughXXobedienceXXto obedienceXXtoXXthe toXXtheXXproper theXXproperXXordinances properXXordinancesXXadministered ordinancesXXadministeredXXby administeredXXbyXXthose byXXthoseXXholding thoseXXholdingXXthe holdingXXtheXXoffice theXXofficeXXof officeXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXpriesthood
nowXXthe theXXmatter matterXXseems seemsXXto toXXstand standXXthus thusXXthe theXXlord lordXXin inXXorder orderXXto toXXaccomplish accomplishXXhis hisXXpurposes purposesXXresolved resolvedXXto toXXraise raiseXXup upXXa aXXpeople peopleXXand andXXcommit commitXXto toXXthem themXXhis hisXXoracles oraclesXXor orXXthe theXXholy holyXXpriesthood priesthoodXXand andXXmake makeXXthem themXXthe theXXrepositories repositoriesXXof ofXXhis hisXXknowledge knowledgeXXand andXXstewards stewardsXXover overXXthe theXXaffairs affairsXXof ofXXhis hisXXkingdom kingdomXXthis thisXXforms formsXXa aXXmost mostXXexquisite exquisiteXXsolution solutionXXof ofXXthe theXXscriptural scripturalXXdoctrine doctrineXXof ofXXelection electionXXand andXXreprobation reprobationXXthe theXXprophets prophetsXXchrist christXXand andXXthe theXXapostles apostlesXXunanimously unanimouslyXXagree agreeXXthat thatXXthe theXXisraelite israeliteXXnation nationXXwere wereXXthe theXXchosen chosenXXor orXXelect electXXpeople peopleXXof ofXXgod godXXor orXXin inXXother otherXXwords wordsXXthey theyXXwere wereXXthe theXXchosen chosenXXseed seedXXthe theXXidea ideaXXis isXXthey theyXXwere wereXXelected electedXXto toXXhold holdXXthe theXXoffice officeXXof ofXXthe theXXpriesthood priesthoodXXthat thatXXall allXXthe theXXworld worldXXmight mightXXbe beXXblessed blessedXXthrough throughXXtheir theirXXadministration administrationXXfor forXXindeed indeedXXchrist christXXafter afterXXthe theXXflesh fleshXXwas wasXXa aXXdescendant descendantXXof ofXXxxprophet xxprophetXXin inXXa aXXscriptural scripturalXXsense senseXXthe theXXwhole wholeXXgentile gentileXXworld worldXXwere wereXXreprobated reprobatedXXthat thatXXis isXXthey theyXXwere wereXXnot notXXchosen chosenXXto toXXhold holdXXthe theXXoffice officeXXof ofXXthe theXXpriesthood priesthoodXXor orXXto toXXbe beXXstewards stewardsXXover overXXthe theXXaffairs affairsXXof ofXXthe theXXkingdom kingdomXXbut butXXthis thisXXreprobation reprobationXXdid didXXnot notXXeffect effectXXtheir theirXXsalvation salvationXXin inXXeternity eternityXXprovided providedXXthey theyXXwere wereXXadopted adoptedXXinto intoXXthe theXXfamily familyXXof ofXXxxprophet xxprophetXXor orXXkingdom kingdomXXof ofXXgod godXXthrough throughXXobedience obedienceXXto toXXthe theXXproper properXXordinances ordinancesXXadministered administeredXXby byXXthose thoseXXholding holdingXXthe theXXoffice officeXXof ofXXthe theXXpriesthood
Paul, speaking of this chosen people, says: "..." * The adoption alluded to here, is already explained in the preceding chapter. -- All the covenants that God ever made with any people respecting priesthood and blessings, are embodied in those made with the house of Israel. The servicealluded to, appears to be that of the priests, while acting in their official capacity, and not the devotional service required of all mankind: for the former was restricted to the Israelites. Christ said: "..." † All the inspired writers, hold forth the idea, that God elected the Israelite nation to be stewards over the affairs of His house or Kingdom, and to hold the office of the priesthood, by virtue of which, all the world could be transplanted into the family of XXPROPHET, and be numbered with the "..." and sustain an allegiance with God; hence, came the saying; "..." The Lord commanded XXPROPHET, Isaac, Jacob, and all the house of Israel, to circumcise all the males of their families, which was to be as a sign, or token of their relationship with Israel; and that they might be preserved a separate and distinct people by themselves, and not mix with other nations. The covenant made with XXPROPHET concerning the land of Canaan, circumcision, and the multiplication of his posterity, was extra of the covenant of priesthood, which he had received the same as others had before him.  Paul says: "..." * This is conclusive that the gospel was preached to XXPROPHET; but the following is more definite still: "..." The administration of bread and wine as a sacrament, is one of the institutions of the gospel, and was practiced by Christ and his apostles; and no doubt, Melchizedek administered them with the same views, and for the same purpose, that the disciples of Christ did.
theXXfirstXXthingXXthat firstXXthingXXthatXXi thingXXthatXXiXXshall thatXXiXXshallXXnow iXXshallXXnowXXintroduce shallXXnowXXintroduceXXas nowXXintroduceXXasXXevidence introduceXXasXXevidenceXXto asXXevidenceXXtoXXprove evidenceXXtoXXproveXXthat toXXproveXXthatXXthe proveXXthatXXtheXXpriesthood thatXXtheXXpriesthoodXXwas theXXpriesthoodXXwasXXconferred priesthoodXXwasXXconferredXXupon wasXXconferredXXuponXXman conferredXXuponXXmanXXin uponXXmanXXinXXthis manXXinXXthisXXage inXXthisXXageXXis thisXXageXXisXXthe ageXXisXXtheXXfact isXXtheXXfactXXthat theXXfactXXthatXXthe factXXthatXXtheXXgospel thatXXtheXXgospelXXwas theXXgospelXXwasXXpreached gospelXXwasXXpreachedXXin wasXXpreachedXXinXXit preachedXXinXXitXXpaul inXXitXXpaulXXsays itXXpaulXXsaysXXthis paulXXsaysXXthisXXis saysXXthisXXisXXconclusive thisXXisXXconclusiveXXthat isXXconclusiveXXthatXXthe conclusiveXXthatXXtheXXgospel thatXXtheXXgospelXXwas theXXgospelXXwasXXpreached gospelXXwasXXpreachedXXto wasXXpreachedXXtoXXxxprophet preachedXXtoXXxxprophetXXbut toXXxxprophetXXbutXXthe xxprophetXXbutXXtheXXfollowing butXXtheXXfollowingXXis theXXfollowingXXisXXmore followingXXisXXmoreXXdefinite isXXmoreXXdefiniteXXstill moreXXdefiniteXXstillXXthe definiteXXstillXXtheXXadministration stillXXtheXXadministrationXXof theXXadministrationXXofXXbread administrationXXofXXbreadXXand ofXXbreadXXandXXwine breadXXandXXwineXXas andXXwineXXasXXa wineXXasXXaXXsacrament asXXaXXsacramentXXis aXXsacramentXXisXXone sacramentXXisXXoneXXof isXXoneXXofXXthe oneXXofXXtheXXinstitutions ofXXtheXXinstitutionsXXof theXXinstitutionsXXofXXthe institutionsXXofXXtheXXgospel ofXXtheXXgospelXXand theXXgospelXXandXXwas gospelXXandXXwasXXpracticed andXXwasXXpracticedXXby wasXXpracticedXXbyXXchrist practicedXXbyXXchristXXand byXXchristXXandXXhis christXXandXXhisXXapostles andXXhisXXapostlesXXand hisXXapostlesXXandXXno apostlesXXandXXnoXXdoubt andXXnoXXdoubtXXmelchizedek noXXdoubtXXmelchizedekXXadministered doubtXXmelchizedekXXadministeredXXthem melchizedekXXadministeredXXthemXXwith administeredXXthemXXwithXXthe themXXwithXXtheXXsame withXXtheXXsameXXviews theXXsameXXviewsXXand sameXXviewsXXandXXfor viewsXXandXXforXXthe andXXforXXtheXXsame forXXtheXXsameXXpurpose theXXsameXXpurposeXXthat sameXXpurposeXXthatXXthe purposeXXthatXXtheXXdisciples thatXXtheXXdisciplesXXof theXXdisciplesXXofXXchrist disciplesXXofXXchristXXdid
theXXfirstXXthing firstXXthingXXthat thingXXthatXXi thatXXiXXshall iXXshallXXnow shallXXnowXXintroduce nowXXintroduceXXas introduceXXasXXevidence asXXevidenceXXto evidenceXXtoXXprove toXXproveXXthat proveXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXpriesthood theXXpriesthoodXXwas priesthoodXXwasXXconferred wasXXconferredXXupon conferredXXuponXXman uponXXmanXXin manXXinXXthis inXXthisXXage thisXXageXXis ageXXisXXthe isXXtheXXfact theXXfactXXthat factXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXgospel theXXgospelXXwas gospelXXwasXXpreached wasXXpreachedXXin preachedXXinXXit inXXitXXpaul itXXpaulXXsays paulXXsaysXXthis saysXXthisXXis thisXXisXXconclusive isXXconclusiveXXthat conclusiveXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXgospel theXXgospelXXwas gospelXXwasXXpreached wasXXpreachedXXto preachedXXtoXXxxprophet toXXxxprophetXXbut xxprophetXXbutXXthe butXXtheXXfollowing theXXfollowingXXis followingXXisXXmore isXXmoreXXdefinite moreXXdefiniteXXstill definiteXXstillXXthe stillXXtheXXadministration theXXadministrationXXof administrationXXofXXbread ofXXbreadXXand breadXXandXXwine andXXwineXXas wineXXasXXa asXXaXXsacrament aXXsacramentXXis sacramentXXisXXone isXXoneXXof oneXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXinstitutions theXXinstitutionsXXof institutionsXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXgospel theXXgospelXXand gospelXXandXXwas andXXwasXXpracticed wasXXpracticedXXby practicedXXbyXXchrist byXXchristXXand christXXandXXhis andXXhisXXapostles hisXXapostlesXXand apostlesXXandXXno andXXnoXXdoubt noXXdoubtXXmelchizedek doubtXXmelchizedekXXadministered melchizedekXXadministeredXXthem administeredXXthemXXwith themXXwithXXthe withXXtheXXsame theXXsameXXviews sameXXviewsXXand viewsXXandXXfor andXXforXXthe forXXtheXXsame theXXsameXXpurpose sameXXpurposeXXthat purposeXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXdisciples theXXdisciplesXXof disciplesXXofXXchrist ofXXchristXXdid
theXXfirst firstXXthing thingXXthat thatXXi iXXshall shallXXnow nowXXintroduce introduceXXas asXXevidence evidenceXXto toXXprove proveXXthat thatXXthe theXXpriesthood priesthoodXXwas wasXXconferred conferredXXupon uponXXman manXXin inXXthis thisXXage ageXXis isXXthe theXXfact factXXthat thatXXthe theXXgospel gospelXXwas wasXXpreached preachedXXin inXXit itXXpaul paulXXsays saysXXthis thisXXis isXXconclusive conclusiveXXthat thatXXthe theXXgospel gospelXXwas wasXXpreached preachedXXto toXXxxprophet xxprophetXXbut butXXthe theXXfollowing followingXXis isXXmore moreXXdefinite definiteXXstill stillXXthe theXXadministration administrationXXof ofXXbread breadXXand andXXwine wineXXas asXXa aXXsacrament sacramentXXis isXXone oneXXof ofXXthe theXXinstitutions institutionsXXof ofXXthe theXXgospel gospelXXand andXXwas wasXXpracticed practicedXXby byXXchrist christXXand andXXhis hisXXapostles apostlesXXand andXXno noXXdoubt doubtXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXadministered administeredXXthem themXXwith withXXthe theXXsame sameXXviews viewsXXand andXXfor forXXthe theXXsame sameXXpurpose purposeXXthat thatXXthe theXXdisciples disciplesXXof ofXXchrist christXXdid
The profound reverence that Abimeleck king of Gerar, who took XXPROPHET's wife from him supposing she was his sister, had for the Lord, and the principles of virtue and righteousness, is sufficient evidence that he was acquainted with the religion of heaven, and proves to a demonstration, that the law of righteousness; or in other words, the gospel, was understood in his day. Paul expressly says, the gospel was preached to the children of Israel in the wilderness, Eusebius Pamphfus, bishop of Cessrae in Palestine, one of the noted fathers of the church, who flourished in the fourth century, has written in his "..." a whole chapter to prove that the gospel of Christ was no new thing; but was preached, not only in the days of XXPROPHET, but long before his day. This is of [undoubted] authority; for Eusebius had a good opportunity to become acquainted with the history of this circumstance.  -- I suppose XXPROPHET was ordained during this interview.
iXXhaveXXbeforeXXmentioned haveXXbeforeXXmentionedXXthat beforeXXmentionedXXthatXXxxprophet mentionedXXthatXXxxprophetXXhad thatXXxxprophetXXhadXXthe xxprophetXXhadXXtheXXpriesthood hadXXtheXXpriesthoodXXand theXXpriesthoodXXandXXin priesthoodXXandXXinXXall andXXinXXallXXprobability inXXallXXprobabilityXXhe allXXprobabilityXXheXXwas probabilityXXheXXwasXXordained heXXwasXXordainedXXby wasXXordainedXXbyXXmelchizedek ordainedXXbyXXmelchizedekXXfor byXXmelchizedekXXforXXit melchizedekXXforXXitXXis forXXitXXisXXsaid itXXisXXsaidXXthat isXXsaidXXthatXXwhen saidXXthatXXwhenXXhe thatXXwhenXXheXXreturned whenXXheXXreturnedXXfrom heXXreturnedXXfromXXthe returnedXXfromXXtheXXslaughter fromXXtheXXslaughterXXof theXXslaughterXXofXXthe slaughterXXofXXtheXXkings ofXXtheXXkingsXXmelchizedek theXXkingsXXmelchizedekXXmet kingsXXmelchizedekXXmetXXand melchizedekXXmetXXandXXblessed metXXandXXblessedXXhim andXXblessedXXhimXXi blessedXXhimXXiXXsuppose himXXiXXsupposeXXxxprophet iXXsupposeXXxxprophetXXwas supposeXXxxprophetXXwasXXordained xxprophetXXwasXXordainedXXduring wasXXordainedXXduringXXthis ordainedXXduringXXthisXXinterview
iXXhaveXXbefore haveXXbeforeXXmentioned beforeXXmentionedXXthat mentionedXXthatXXxxprophet thatXXxxprophetXXhad xxprophetXXhadXXthe hadXXtheXXpriesthood theXXpriesthoodXXand priesthoodXXandXXin andXXinXXall inXXallXXprobability allXXprobabilityXXhe probabilityXXheXXwas heXXwasXXordained wasXXordainedXXby ordainedXXbyXXmelchizedek byXXmelchizedekXXfor melchizedekXXforXXit forXXitXXis itXXisXXsaid isXXsaidXXthat saidXXthatXXwhen thatXXwhenXXhe whenXXheXXreturned heXXreturnedXXfrom returnedXXfromXXthe fromXXtheXXslaughter theXXslaughterXXof slaughterXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXkings theXXkingsXXmelchizedek kingsXXmelchizedekXXmet melchizedekXXmetXXand metXXandXXblessed andXXblessedXXhim blessedXXhimXXi himXXiXXsuppose iXXsupposeXXxxprophet supposeXXxxprophetXXwas xxprophetXXwasXXordained wasXXordainedXXduring ordainedXXduringXXthis duringXXthisXXinterview
iXXhave haveXXbefore beforeXXmentioned mentionedXXthat thatXXxxprophet xxprophetXXhad hadXXthe theXXpriesthood priesthoodXXand andXXin inXXall allXXprobability probabilityXXhe heXXwas wasXXordained ordainedXXby byXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXfor forXXit itXXis isXXsaid saidXXthat thatXXwhen whenXXhe heXXreturned returnedXXfrom fromXXthe theXXslaughter slaughterXXof ofXXthe theXXkings kingsXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXmet metXXand andXXblessed blessedXXhim himXXi iXXsuppose supposeXXxxprophet xxprophetXXwas wasXXordained ordainedXXduring duringXXthis thisXXinterview
This Melchizedek, who was priest of the most high God and king of Salem, was an extraordinary man in his day; a man of great faith and piety; although, there are some things connected with his history, that are very singular. He no doubt enjoyed all the privileges of the priesthood, and by virtue of the same, reigned as patriarch or king over Salem; and so great was his faith, and fame, that after his day, the priesthood was called after his name. Mr. XXFIRSTNAME XXLASTNAME explains this as follows: "..." There is an apparent contradiction, in the account given by the apostle Paul of this great man: I mean the following: "..." Some have considered the saving, "..." sufficient ground for a great many enthusiastic speculations: for instance, that Melchizedek is Christ, or Jehovah; also that he was not a man. But the absurdity of such notions, is seen from the succeeding verses; "..." "..." From these declarations we discover that this Melchizedek was a man, and had descent; but what does the apostle mean by saying that he was "..." I answer that he did not allude either to the person of Christ or Melchizedek; for each had a father and mother; but to the principle of authority or the holy priesthood, which has existed from all eternity, and has neither father, mother, or descent; and is without beginning in days, or end of life.  This idea is corroborated by Josephus, who says: "..." * From this we learn that the Melchizedek priesthood, may be with propriety termed, the Righteous kingly priesthood; or to reverse it, a Kingly priesthood or authority adopted to the law of righteousness.
theXXapostleXXholdsXXout apostleXXholdsXXoutXXthe holdsXXoutXXtheXXidea outXXtheXXideaXXthat theXXideaXXthatXXthis ideaXXthatXXthisXXpriesthood thatXXthisXXpriesthoodXXis thisXXpriesthoodXXisXXa priesthoodXXisXXaXXkingly isXXaXXkinglyXXone aXXkinglyXXoneXXwhich kinglyXXoneXXwhichXXappears oneXXwhichXXappearsXXto whichXXappearsXXtoXXbe appearsXXtoXXbeXXcorrect toXXbeXXcorrectXXfrom beXXcorrectXXfromXXthe correctXXfromXXtheXXfact fromXXtheXXfactXXthat theXXfactXXthatXXit factXXthatXXitXXemanated thatXXitXXemanatedXXfrom itXXemanatedXXfromXXgod emanatedXXfromXXgodXXand fromXXgodXXandXXhe godXXandXXheXXis andXXheXXisXXa heXXisXXaXXking isXXaXXkingXXof aXXkingXXofXXkings kingXXofXXkingsXXand ofXXkingsXXandXXlord kingsXXandXXlordXXof andXXlordXXofXXlords lordXXofXXlordsXXand ofXXlordsXXandXXit lordsXXandXXitXXis andXXitXXisXXalso itXXisXXalsoXXthe isXXalsoXXtheXXauthority alsoXXtheXXauthorityXXof theXXauthorityXXofXXhis authorityXXofXXhisXXkingdom ofXXhisXXkingdomXXand hisXXkingdomXXandXXby kingdomXXandXXbyXXit andXXbyXXitXXas byXXitXXasXXi itXXasXXiXXhave asXXiXXhaveXXbefore iXXhaveXXbeforeXXmentioned haveXXbeforeXXmentionedXXmelchizedek beforeXXmentionedXXmelchizedekXXreigned mentionedXXmelchizedekXXreignedXXas melchizedekXXreignedXXasXXa reignedXXasXXaXXking asXXaXXkingXXover aXXkingXXoverXXthe kingXXoverXXtheXXinhabitants overXXtheXXinhabitantsXXof theXXinhabitantsXXofXXthe inhabitantsXXofXXtheXXcity ofXXtheXXcityXXof theXXcityXXofXXsalem cityXXofXXsalemXXthis ofXXsalemXXthisXXidea salemXXthisXXideaXXis thisXXideaXXisXXcorroborated ideaXXisXXcorroboratedXXby isXXcorroboratedXXbyXXjosephus corroboratedXXbyXXjosephusXXwho byXXjosephusXXwhoXXsays josephusXXwhoXXsaysXXfrom whoXXsaysXXfromXXthis saysXXfromXXthisXXwe fromXXthisXXweXXlearn thisXXweXXlearnXXthat weXXlearnXXthatXXthe learnXXthatXXtheXXmelchizedek thatXXtheXXmelchizedekXXpriesthood theXXmelchizedekXXpriesthoodXXmay melchizedekXXpriesthoodXXmayXXbe priesthoodXXmayXXbeXXwith mayXXbeXXwithXXpropriety beXXwithXXproprietyXXtermed withXXproprietyXXtermedXXthe proprietyXXtermedXXtheXXrighteous termedXXtheXXrighteousXXkingly theXXrighteousXXkinglyXXpriesthood righteousXXkinglyXXpriesthoodXXor kinglyXXpriesthoodXXorXXto priesthoodXXorXXtoXXreverse orXXtoXXreverseXXit toXXreverseXXitXXa reverseXXitXXaXXkingly itXXaXXkinglyXXpriesthood aXXkinglyXXpriesthoodXXor kinglyXXpriesthoodXXorXXauthority priesthoodXXorXXauthorityXXadopted orXXauthorityXXadoptedXXto authorityXXadoptedXXtoXXthe adoptedXXtoXXtheXXlaw toXXtheXXlawXXof theXXlawXXofXXrighteousness
theXXapostleXXholds apostleXXholdsXXout holdsXXoutXXthe outXXtheXXidea theXXideaXXthat ideaXXthatXXthis thatXXthisXXpriesthood thisXXpriesthoodXXis priesthoodXXisXXa isXXaXXkingly aXXkinglyXXone kinglyXXoneXXwhich oneXXwhichXXappears whichXXappearsXXto appearsXXtoXXbe toXXbeXXcorrect beXXcorrectXXfrom correctXXfromXXthe fromXXtheXXfact theXXfactXXthat factXXthatXXit thatXXitXXemanated itXXemanatedXXfrom emanatedXXfromXXgod fromXXgodXXand godXXandXXhe andXXheXXis heXXisXXa isXXaXXking aXXkingXXof kingXXofXXkings ofXXkingsXXand kingsXXandXXlord andXXlordXXof lordXXofXXlords ofXXlordsXXand lordsXXandXXit andXXitXXis itXXisXXalso isXXalsoXXthe alsoXXtheXXauthority theXXauthorityXXof authorityXXofXXhis ofXXhisXXkingdom hisXXkingdomXXand kingdomXXandXXby andXXbyXXit byXXitXXas itXXasXXi asXXiXXhave iXXhaveXXbefore haveXXbeforeXXmentioned beforeXXmentionedXXmelchizedek mentionedXXmelchizedekXXreigned melchizedekXXreignedXXas reignedXXasXXa asXXaXXking aXXkingXXover kingXXoverXXthe overXXtheXXinhabitants theXXinhabitantsXXof inhabitantsXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXcity theXXcityXXof cityXXofXXsalem ofXXsalemXXthis salemXXthisXXidea thisXXideaXXis ideaXXisXXcorroborated isXXcorroboratedXXby corroboratedXXbyXXjosephus byXXjosephusXXwho josephusXXwhoXXsays whoXXsaysXXfrom saysXXfromXXthis fromXXthisXXwe thisXXweXXlearn weXXlearnXXthat learnXXthatXXthe thatXXtheXXmelchizedek theXXmelchizedekXXpriesthood melchizedekXXpriesthoodXXmay priesthoodXXmayXXbe mayXXbeXXwith beXXwithXXpropriety withXXproprietyXXtermed proprietyXXtermedXXthe termedXXtheXXrighteous theXXrighteousXXkingly righteousXXkinglyXXpriesthood kinglyXXpriesthoodXXor priesthoodXXorXXto orXXtoXXreverse toXXreverseXXit reverseXXitXXa itXXaXXkingly aXXkinglyXXpriesthood kinglyXXpriesthoodXXor priesthoodXXorXXauthority orXXauthorityXXadopted authorityXXadoptedXXto adoptedXXtoXXthe toXXtheXXlaw theXXlawXXof lawXXofXXrighteousness
theXXapostle apostleXXholds holdsXXout outXXthe theXXidea ideaXXthat thatXXthis thisXXpriesthood priesthoodXXis isXXa aXXkingly kinglyXXone oneXXwhich whichXXappears appearsXXto toXXbe beXXcorrect correctXXfrom fromXXthe theXXfact factXXthat thatXXit itXXemanated emanatedXXfrom fromXXgod godXXand andXXhe heXXis isXXa aXXking kingXXof ofXXkings kingsXXand andXXlord lordXXof ofXXlords lordsXXand andXXit itXXis isXXalso alsoXXthe theXXauthority authorityXXof ofXXhis hisXXkingdom kingdomXXand andXXby byXXit itXXas asXXi iXXhave haveXXbefore beforeXXmentioned mentionedXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXreigned reignedXXas asXXa aXXking kingXXover overXXthe theXXinhabitants inhabitantsXXof ofXXthe theXXcity cityXXof ofXXsalem salemXXthis thisXXidea ideaXXis isXXcorroborated corroboratedXXby byXXjosephus josephusXXwho whoXXsays saysXXfrom fromXXthis thisXXwe weXXlearn learnXXthat thatXXthe theXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXpriesthood priesthoodXXmay mayXXbe beXXwith withXXpropriety proprietyXXtermed termedXXthe theXXrighteous righteousXXkingly kinglyXXpriesthood priesthoodXXor orXXto toXXreverse reverseXXit itXXa aXXkingly kinglyXXpriesthood priesthoodXXor orXXauthority authorityXXadopted adoptedXXto toXXthe theXXlaw lawXXof ofXXrighteousness
It is evident that the only form of government, by which the people were governed in these early times, that met the approbation of the Lord was the Patriarchal. This government, was strictly ecclesiastical, yet it included all the rules and regulations necessary for the well-being of society, and preservation of good morals. The chief ruler was the patriarch, or high-priest, who reigned as king by virtue of the office of the priesthood which he held.  All the shepherds kings, and those of Canaan, originally presided by virtue of this priesthood; but as these kingdoms degenerated into apostacy, they incorporated with their religion, many mythological institutions; their government many political, despotic, forms and rules, and each king in time assumed the title of absolute monarch. I infer all this, from some few hints dropped by the sacred historians: for instance, such as the account of Melchizedek reigning as king, in Salem, the profound reverence that Abimeleck had for the Lord, many things connected with the biography of
melchizedekXXpresidedXXoverXXa presidedXXoverXXaXXchurch overXXaXXchurchXXor aXXchurchXXorXXbranch churchXXorXXbranchXXof orXXbranchXXofXXthe branchXXofXXtheXXkingdom ofXXtheXXkingdomXXof theXXkingdomXXofXXthis kingdomXXofXXthisXXkind ofXXthisXXkindXXwhich thisXXkindXXwhichXXwas kindXXwhichXXwasXXat whichXXwasXXatXXsalem wasXXatXXsalemXXand atXXsalemXXandXXin salemXXandXXinXXall andXXinXXallXXprobability inXXallXXprobabilityXXabimeleck allXXprobabilityXXabimeleckXXof probabilityXXabimeleckXXofXXgerar abimeleckXXofXXgerarXXwas ofXXgerarXXwasXXa gerarXXwasXXaXXking wasXXaXXkingXXof aXXkingXXofXXthis kingXXofXXthisXXdescription ofXXthisXXdescriptionXXall thisXXdescriptionXXallXXthe descriptionXXallXXtheXXshepherds allXXtheXXshepherdsXXkings theXXshepherdsXXkingsXXand shepherdsXXkingsXXandXXthose kingsXXandXXthoseXXof andXXthoseXXofXXcanaan thoseXXofXXcanaanXXoriginally ofXXcanaanXXoriginallyXXpresided canaanXXoriginallyXXpresidedXXby originallyXXpresidedXXbyXXvirtue presidedXXbyXXvirtueXXof byXXvirtueXXofXXthis virtueXXofXXthisXXpriesthood ofXXthisXXpriesthoodXXbut thisXXpriesthoodXXbutXXas priesthoodXXbutXXasXXthese butXXasXXtheseXXkingdoms asXXtheseXXkingdomsXXdegenerated theseXXkingdomsXXdegeneratedXXinto kingdomsXXdegeneratedXXintoXXapostacy degeneratedXXintoXXapostacyXXthey intoXXapostacyXXtheyXXincorporated apostacyXXtheyXXincorporatedXXwith theyXXincorporatedXXwithXXtheir incorporatedXXwithXXtheirXXreligion withXXtheirXXreligionXXmany theirXXreligionXXmanyXXmythological religionXXmanyXXmythologicalXXinstitutions manyXXmythologicalXXinstitutionsXXtheir mythologicalXXinstitutionsXXtheirXXgovernment institutionsXXtheirXXgovernmentXXmany theirXXgovernmentXXmanyXXpolitical governmentXXmanyXXpoliticalXXdespotic manyXXpoliticalXXdespoticXXforms politicalXXdespoticXXformsXXand despoticXXformsXXandXXrules formsXXandXXrulesXXand andXXrulesXXandXXeach rulesXXandXXeachXXking andXXeachXXkingXXin eachXXkingXXinXXtime kingXXinXXtimeXXassumed inXXtimeXXassumedXXthe timeXXassumedXXtheXXtitle assumedXXtheXXtitleXXof theXXtitleXXofXXabsolute titleXXofXXabsoluteXXmonarch ofXXabsoluteXXmonarchXXi absoluteXXmonarchXXiXXinfer monarchXXiXXinferXXall iXXinferXXallXXthis inferXXallXXthisXXfrom allXXthisXXfromXXsome thisXXfromXXsomeXXfew fromXXsomeXXfewXXhints someXXfewXXhintsXXdropped fewXXhintsXXdroppedXXby hintsXXdroppedXXbyXXthe droppedXXbyXXtheXXsacred byXXtheXXsacredXXhistorians theXXsacredXXhistoriansXXfor sacredXXhistoriansXXforXXinstance historiansXXforXXinstanceXXsuch forXXinstanceXXsuchXXas instanceXXsuchXXasXXthe suchXXasXXtheXXaccount asXXtheXXaccountXXof theXXaccountXXofXXmelchizedek accountXXofXXmelchizedekXXreigning ofXXmelchizedekXXreigningXXas melchizedekXXreigningXXasXXking reigningXXasXXkingXXin asXXkingXXinXXsalem kingXXinXXsalemXXthe inXXsalemXXtheXXprofound salemXXtheXXprofoundXXreverence theXXprofoundXXreverenceXXthat profoundXXreverenceXXthatXXabimeleck reverenceXXthatXXabimeleckXXhad thatXXabimeleckXXhadXXfor abimeleckXXhadXXforXXthe hadXXforXXtheXXlord forXXtheXXlordXXmany theXXlordXXmanyXXthings lordXXmanyXXthingsXXconnected manyXXthingsXXconnectedXXwith thingsXXconnectedXXwithXXthe connectedXXwithXXtheXXbiography
melchizedekXXpresidedXXover presidedXXoverXXa overXXaXXchurch aXXchurchXXor churchXXorXXbranch orXXbranchXXof branchXXofXXthe ofXXtheXXkingdom theXXkingdomXXof kingdomXXofXXthis ofXXthisXXkind thisXXkindXXwhich kindXXwhichXXwas whichXXwasXXat wasXXatXXsalem atXXsalemXXand salemXXandXXin andXXinXXall inXXallXXprobability allXXprobabilityXXabimeleck probabilityXXabimeleckXXof abimeleckXXofXXgerar ofXXgerarXXwas gerarXXwasXXa wasXXaXXking aXXkingXXof kingXXofXXthis ofXXthisXXdescription thisXXdescriptionXXall descriptionXXallXXthe allXXtheXXshepherds theXXshepherdsXXkings shepherdsXXkingsXXand kingsXXandXXthose andXXthoseXXof thoseXXofXXcanaan ofXXcanaanXXoriginally canaanXXoriginallyXXpresided originallyXXpresidedXXby presidedXXbyXXvirtue byXXvirtueXXof virtueXXofXXthis ofXXthisXXpriesthood thisXXpriesthoodXXbut priesthoodXXbutXXas butXXasXXthese asXXtheseXXkingdoms theseXXkingdomsXXdegenerated kingdomsXXdegeneratedXXinto degeneratedXXintoXXapostacy intoXXapostacyXXthey apostacyXXtheyXXincorporated theyXXincorporatedXXwith incorporatedXXwithXXtheir withXXtheirXXreligion theirXXreligionXXmany religionXXmanyXXmythological manyXXmythologicalXXinstitutions mythologicalXXinstitutionsXXtheir institutionsXXtheirXXgovernment theirXXgovernmentXXmany governmentXXmanyXXpolitical manyXXpoliticalXXdespotic politicalXXdespoticXXforms despoticXXformsXXand formsXXandXXrules andXXrulesXXand rulesXXandXXeach andXXeachXXking eachXXkingXXin kingXXinXXtime inXXtimeXXassumed timeXXassumedXXthe assumedXXtheXXtitle theXXtitleXXof titleXXofXXabsolute ofXXabsoluteXXmonarch absoluteXXmonarchXXi monarchXXiXXinfer iXXinferXXall inferXXallXXthis allXXthisXXfrom thisXXfromXXsome fromXXsomeXXfew someXXfewXXhints fewXXhintsXXdropped hintsXXdroppedXXby droppedXXbyXXthe byXXtheXXsacred theXXsacredXXhistorians sacredXXhistoriansXXfor historiansXXforXXinstance forXXinstanceXXsuch instanceXXsuchXXas suchXXasXXthe asXXtheXXaccount theXXaccountXXof accountXXofXXmelchizedek ofXXmelchizedekXXreigning melchizedekXXreigningXXas reigningXXasXXking asXXkingXXin kingXXinXXsalem inXXsalemXXthe salemXXtheXXprofound theXXprofoundXXreverence profoundXXreverenceXXthat reverenceXXthatXXabimeleck thatXXabimeleckXXhad abimeleckXXhadXXfor hadXXforXXthe forXXtheXXlord theXXlordXXmany lordXXmanyXXthings manyXXthingsXXconnected thingsXXconnectedXXwith connectedXXwithXXthe withXXtheXXbiography
melchizedekXXpresided presidedXXover overXXa aXXchurch churchXXor orXXbranch branchXXof ofXXthe theXXkingdom kingdomXXof ofXXthis thisXXkind kindXXwhich whichXXwas wasXXat atXXsalem salemXXand andXXin inXXall allXXprobability probabilityXXabimeleck abimeleckXXof ofXXgerar gerarXXwas wasXXa aXXking kingXXof ofXXthis thisXXdescription descriptionXXall allXXthe theXXshepherds shepherdsXXkings kingsXXand andXXthose thoseXXof ofXXcanaan canaanXXoriginally originallyXXpresided presidedXXby byXXvirtue virtueXXof ofXXthis thisXXpriesthood priesthoodXXbut butXXas asXXthese theseXXkingdoms kingdomsXXdegenerated degeneratedXXinto intoXXapostacy apostacyXXthey theyXXincorporated incorporatedXXwith withXXtheir theirXXreligion religionXXmany manyXXmythological mythologicalXXinstitutions institutionsXXtheir theirXXgovernment governmentXXmany manyXXpolitical politicalXXdespotic despoticXXforms formsXXand andXXrules rulesXXand andXXeach eachXXking kingXXin inXXtime timeXXassumed assumedXXthe theXXtitle titleXXof ofXXabsolute absoluteXXmonarch monarchXXi iXXinfer inferXXall allXXthis thisXXfrom fromXXsome someXXfew fewXXhints hintsXXdropped droppedXXby byXXthe theXXsacred sacredXXhistorians historiansXXfor forXXinstance instanceXXsuch suchXXas asXXthe theXXaccount accountXXof ofXXmelchizedek melchizedekXXreigning reigningXXas asXXking kingXXin inXXsalem salemXXthe theXXprofound profoundXXreverence reverenceXXthat thatXXabimeleck abimeleckXXhad hadXXfor forXXthe theXXlord lordXXmany manyXXthings thingsXXconnected connectedXXwith withXXthe theXXbiography
XXPROPHET, the circumstance of XXPROPHET finding a priest among the Midianites, who had a knowledge of God, the whole history of, Baalam the prophet, (who in one instance however is called a soothsayer,) and many other allusions to the condition of the nations, with regard to their relationship with God, too numerous to mention. One thing is certain, no people so much deserve the extreme severity of God's judgments, as a set of apostates; and it is evident that these kingdoms had corrupted the holy priesthood, sacrificed to idols, and turned their temples into public brothel houses. They thus provoked the Lord, and kindled the flame of his anger against them, till he sent the Israelites to destroy and dispossess them. This idea of their being apostates, in a great measure, accounts for the severity of his judgments upon them.  XXPROPHET in his brief account of this age frequently mentions that there were eldersand priests; but some of the modern writers, conjecture they were idolators. This is only supposition and be it as it may, it is evident the authority used in the heathen temples or at their alters was only a corruption of the holy priesthood.
xxprophetXXreferringXXtoXXthe referringXXtoXXtheXXcircumstance toXXtheXXcircumstanceXXof theXXcircumstanceXXofXXjoseph circumstanceXXofXXjosephXXbuying ofXXjosephXXbuyingXXthe josephXXbuyingXXtheXXland buyingXXtheXXlandXXof theXXlandXXofXXegypt landXXofXXegyptXXsays
xxprophetXXreferringXXto referringXXtoXXthe toXXtheXXcircumstance theXXcircumstanceXXof circumstanceXXofXXjoseph ofXXjosephXXbuying josephXXbuyingXXthe buyingXXtheXXland theXXlandXXof landXXofXXegypt ofXXegyptXXsays
xxprophetXXreferring referringXXto toXXthe theXXcircumstance circumstanceXXof ofXXjoseph josephXXbuying buyingXXthe theXXland landXXof ofXXegypt egyptXXsays
It is said, when Jacob died: "..." It is also said, that Joseph married the daughter of the priest of On. † And when we consider the piety of Joseph his untiring zeal in the cause of righteousness, and avertion to idolatry, we cannot for a moment suppose that such an alliance was made with the daughter of an idolatrous priest; not that Joseph would have polluted his piety by so doing; but the antipathy that existed against each other's religion, would have imposed a barrier in the way. If the foregoing quotations are not positive, I regard them at any rate, as the strongest kind of presumptive evidence, to sustain the before mentioned idea of the priesthood. I cannot consistently close this chapter, without saying something more of what is written in the XXSCRIP, who in all probability lived in this age. -- What he say's about the "..."  [From] XXPROPHET to Joseph; moreover it is quite probable, that the twelve sons of Jacob were all priests, for they are regarded as patriarchs. But after the decease of Joseph it seems that idolatry triumphed in Egypt.


Structure that stores a LetterTile type attribute and a pointer to the next node.
More...
#include <Node.hpp>
Structure that stores a LetterTile type attribute and a pointer to the next node.
◆ Node()
Constructor for Node class.
- Parameters
-
| letterTile | LetterTile type object to store in this node. |
◆ getLetterTile()
Returns the letterTile attribute.
- Returns
- LetterTile type value stored in letterTile.
◆ getNextNode()
| Node* Node::getNextNode |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Returns the nextNode attribute.
- Returns
- Node type value stored in nextNode.
◆ operator delete()
| void Node::operator delete |
( |
void * |
nodeToDelete | ) |
|
|
inline |
It is responsible for sending the memory nodes to the Collector to be recycled.
- Parameters
-
| memory | Memory space that will be stored for later use. |
◆ operator new()
| void* Node::operator new |
( |
size_t |
size | ) |
|
|
inline |
New operator overloaded.
The new operator is overloaded to access the collector in search of a recycled memory space, if it is not available a new space is reserved in the memory.
- Parameters
-
| size | Size that the compiler assigns to the Node class. |
- Returns
- Memory address where the Node is going to be stored.
◆ setLetterTile()
| void Node::setLetterTile |
( |
LetterTile * |
letterTile | ) |
|
|
inline |
Stores the received parameter on letterTile attribute.
- Parameters
-
| letterTile | LetterTile type value to store in letterType. |
◆ setNextNode()
| void Node::setNextNode |
( |
Node * |
nextNode | ) |
|
|
inline |
Stores the received parameter on nextNode attribute.
- Parameters
-
| nextNode | Node type value to store in nextNode. |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


public class LinearLocation
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.lang.Comparable
LineString
or MultiLineString
.
The referenced geometry is not maintained within
this location, but must be provided for operations which require it.
Various methods are provided to manipulate the location value
and query the geometry it references.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
LinearLocation()
Creates a location referring to the start of a linear geometry
|
LinearLocation(int segmentIndex,
double segmentFraction) |
LinearLocation(int componentIndex,
int segmentIndex,
double segmentFraction) |
LinearLocation(LinearLocation loc)
Creates a new location equal to a given one.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
clamp(Geometry linear)
Ensures the indexes are valid for a given linear
Geometry . |
java.lang.Object |
clone()
Copies this location
|
int |
compareLocationValues(int componentIndex1,
int segmentIndex1,
double segmentFraction1)
Compares this object with the specified index values for order.
|
static int |
compareLocationValues(int componentIndex0,
int segmentIndex0,
double segmentFraction0,
int componentIndex1,
int segmentIndex1,
double segmentFraction1)
Compares two sets of location values for order.
|
int |
compareTo(java.lang.Object o)
Compares this object with the specified object for order.
|
int |
getComponentIndex()
Gets the component index for this location.
|
Coordinate |
getCoordinate(Geometry linearGeom)
Gets the
Coordinate along the
given linear Geometry which is
referenced by this location. |
static LinearLocation |
getEndLocation(Geometry linear)
Gets a location which refers to the end of a linear
Geometry . |
LineSegment |
getSegment(Geometry linearGeom)
Gets a
LineSegment representing the segment of the
given linear Geometry which contains this location. |
double |
getSegmentFraction()
Gets the segment fraction for this location
|
int |
getSegmentIndex()
Gets the segment index for this location
|
double |
getSegmentLength(Geometry linearGeom)
Gets the length of the segment in the given
Geometry containing this location.
|
boolean |
isEndpoint(Geometry linearGeom)
Tests whether this location is an endpoint of
the linear component it refers to.
|
boolean |
isOnSameSegment(LinearLocation loc)
Tests whether two locations
are on the same segment in the parent
Geometry . |
boolean |
isValid(Geometry linearGeom)
Tests whether this location refers to a valid
location on the given linear
Geometry . |
boolean |
isVertex()
Tests whether this location refers to a vertex
|
static Coordinate |
pointAlongSegmentByFraction(Coordinate p0,
Coordinate p1,
double frac)
Computes the
Coordinate of a point a given fraction
along the line segment (p0, p1). |
void |
setToEnd(Geometry linear)
Sets the value of this location to
refer to the end of a linear geometry.
|
void |
snapToVertex(Geometry linearGeom,
double minDistance)
Snaps the value of this location to
the nearest vertex on the given linear
Geometry ,
if the vertex is closer than minDistance. |
LinearLocation |
toLowest(Geometry linearGeom)
Converts a linear location to the lowest equivalent location index.
|
java.lang.String |
toString() |
public LinearLocation()
public LinearLocation(int segmentIndex, double segmentFraction)
public LinearLocation(int componentIndex, int segmentIndex, double segmentFraction)
public LinearLocation(LinearLocation loc)
loc
- a LinearLocationpublic static LinearLocation getEndLocation(Geometry linear)
Geometry
.linear
- the linear geometrypublic static Coordinate pointAlongSegmentByFraction(Coordinate p0, Coordinate p1, double frac)
Coordinate
of a point a given fraction
along the line segment (p0, p1).
If the fraction is greater than 1.0 the last
point of the segment is returned.
If the fraction is less than or equal to 0.0 the first point
of the segment is returned.
The Z ordinate is interpolated from the Z-ordinates of the given points,
if they are specified.p0
- the first point of the line segmentp1
- the last point of the line segmentfrac
- the length to the desired pointpublic void clamp(Geometry linear)
Geometry
.linear
- a linear geometrypublic void snapToVertex(Geometry linearGeom, double minDistance)
Geometry
,
if the vertex is closer than minDistance.linearGeom
- a linear geometryminDistance
- the minimum allowable distance to a vertexpublic double getSegmentLength(Geometry linearGeom)
linearGeom
- a linear geometrypublic void setToEnd(Geometry linear)
linear
- the linear geometry to use to set the endpublic int getComponentIndex()
public int getSegmentIndex()
public double getSegmentFraction()
public boolean isVertex()
public Coordinate getCoordinate(Geometry linearGeom)
Coordinate
along the
given linear Geometry
which is
referenced by this location.linearGeom
- the linear geometry referenced by this locationpublic LineSegment getSegment(Geometry linearGeom)
LineSegment
representing the segment of the
given linear Geometry
which contains this location.linearGeom
- a linear geometrypublic boolean isValid(Geometry linearGeom)
Geometry
.linearGeom
- a linear geometrypublic int compareTo(java.lang.Object o)
compareTo
in interface java.lang.Comparable
o
- the LineStringLocation
with which this Coordinate
is being comparedLineStringLocation
is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified LineStringLocation
public int compareLocationValues(int componentIndex1, int segmentIndex1, double segmentFraction1)
componentIndex1
- a component indexsegmentIndex1
- a segment indexsegmentFraction1
- a segment fractionLineStringLocation
is less than, equal to, or greater than the specified locationValuespublic static int compareLocationValues(int componentIndex0, int segmentIndex0, double segmentFraction0, int componentIndex1, int segmentIndex1, double segmentFraction1)
componentIndex0
- a component indexsegmentIndex0
- a segment indexsegmentFraction0
- a segment fractioncomponentIndex1
- another component indexsegmentIndex1
- another segment indexsegmentFraction1
- another segment fractionpublic boolean isOnSameSegment(LinearLocation loc)
Geometry
.loc
- a location on the same geometrypublic boolean isEndpoint(Geometry linearGeom)
linearGeom
- the linear geometry referenced by this locationpublic LinearLocation toLowest(Geometry linearGeom)
Specifically:
linearGeom
- the linear geometry referenced by this locationpublic java.lang.Object clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object


Apache Lucene - Getting Started Guide
Getting Started
This document is intended as a "getting started" guide. It has three audiences: first-time users looking to install Apache Lucene in their application or web server; developers looking to modify or base the applications they develop on Lucene; and developers looking to become involved in and contribute to the development of Lucene. This document is written in tutorial and walk-through format. The goal is to help you "get started". It does not go into great depth on some of the conceptual or inner details of Lucene.
Each section listed below builds on one another. More advanced users may wish to skip sections.
- About the command-line Lucene demo and its usage. This section is intended for anyone who wants to use the command-line Lucene demo.
- About the sources and implementation for the command-line Lucene demo. This section walks through the implementation details (sources) of the command-line Lucene demo. This section is intended for developers.
- About installing and configuring the demo template web application. While this walk-through assumes Tomcat as your container of choice, there is no reason you can't (provided you have the requisite knowledge) adapt the instructions to your container. This section is intended for those responsible for the development or deployment of Lucene-based web applications.
- About the sources used to construct the demo template web application. Please note the template application is designed to highlight features of Lucene and is not an example of best practices. (One would hopefully use MVC architecture such as provided by Jakarta Struts and taglibs, but showing you how to do that would be WAY beyond the scope of this guide.) This section is intended for developers and those wishing to customize the demo template web application to their needs.


CrimPapers
Articles published on 14 April 2019
On 14 April 2019, 3 new articles were published in 3 journals.
“Just Do It? An Examination of Race on Attitudes Associated With Nike’s Advertisement Featuring Colin Kaepernick” by Jonathan Intravia, Alex R. Piquero, Nicole Leeper Piquero, Bryan Byers
Best Practices For Identifying Men Who Have Sex With Men For Corrections-Based Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Provision by Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Meghan Peterson, Nickolas D. Zaller and David A. Wohl
Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Dutch Juvenile Justice System by Albert Boon, Melissa van Dorp, Sjouk de Boer
Note: although this article was published on 31 January 2019, the publisher only added it to the journal RSS feed on 14 April 2019, which is why it is shown in the list of articles for that date.


---
layout: page
weight: 0
title: Recipients
navigation:
show: true
---
This module allows you to manage which lists are assigned to marketing email.
{% anchor h2 %}
add
{% endanchor %}
Assign a List to a Marketing Email.
| Parameter |
Required |
Requirements |
Description |
| list |
Yes |
None |
The name of the list to assign to the marketing email |
| name |
Yes |
None |
The name of the marketing email |
{% apiexample add POST https://api.sendgrid.com/api/newsletter/recipients/add name=SendGrid%20NL%20Test2&list=test&api_user=your_sendgrid_username&api_key=your_sendgrid_password %}
{% response json %}
//success
{
"message": "success"
}
//error
{
"message": "error",
"errors": [
"...error messages..."
]
}
{% endresponse %}
{% response xml %}
success
error: reason
{% endresponse %}
{% endapiexample %}
{% anchor h2 %}
get
{% endanchor %}
Get all lists assigned to a particular marketing email
| Parameter |
Required |
Requirements |
Description |
| name |
Yes |
None |
The name of the marketing email for which to retrieve lists. |
{% apiexample get POST https://api.sendgrid.com/api/newsletter/recipients/get name=test&api_user=your_sendgrid_username&api_key=your_sendgrid_password %}
{% response json %}
//success
[
{
"list": "Training Contacts"
}
]
//error
{
"message": "error",
"errors": [
"...error messages..."
]
}
{% endresponse %}
{% response xml %}
Training Contacts
error: reason
{% endresponse %}
{% endapiexample %}
{% anchor h2 %}
delete
{% endanchor %}
Remove assigned lists from marketing email
| Parameter |
Required |
Requirements |
Description |
| name |
Yes |
Must be an existing marketing email |
To marketing email from which the list will be unassigned. |
| list |
Yes |
Must be an existing Recipient List. |
Remove this list from the marketing email |
{% apiexample delete POST https://api.sendgrid.com/api/newsletter/recipients/delete name=SendGrid%20NL%20Test1&list=test&api_user=your_sendgrid_username&api_key=your_sendgrid_password %}
{% response json %}
//success
{
"message": "success"
}
//error
{
"message": "error",
"errors": [
"...error messages..."
]
}
{% endresponse %}
{% response xml %}
success
error: reason
{% endresponse %}
{% endapiexample %}


MCipher
A Simple Encryption and Decryption Library for Android
Compatible with from **SDK 19**
Recommended to **SDK 23+**.
VERSION 0.1


IMultipleRowDbCommandBuilder Members
The IMultipleRowDbCommandBuilder type exposes the following members.
Methods
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Equals(System.Object) |
Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (Inherited from Object.) |
|
| Finalize |
Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (Inherited from Object.) |
|
| GetHashCode |
Serves as the default hash function. (Inherited from Object.) |
|
| GetType |
Gets the Type of the current instance. (Inherited from Object.) |
|
| MemberwiseClone |
Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (Inherited from Object.) |
|
| ToBooleanList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of booleans.
|
|
| ToBooleanList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of booleans.
|
|
| ToByteArrayList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of byte arrays.
|
|
| ToByteArrayList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of byte arrays.
|
|
| ToCollection<(Of <<'(TObject>)>>)(CollectionOptions) |
Materializes the result as a list of objects.
|
|
| ToCollection<(Of <<'(TObject, TCollection>)>>)(CollectionOptions) |
Materializes the result as a list of objects.
|
|
| ToDataTable |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a DataSet.
|
|
| ToDateTimeList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of DateTime.
|
|
| ToDateTimeList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of DateTime.
|
|
| ToDateTimeOffsetList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of DateTimeOffset.
|
|
| ToDateTimeOffsetList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of DateTimeOffset.
|
|
| ToDateTimeOffsetSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of DateTimeOffset.
|
|
| ToDateTimeOffsetSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of DateTimeOffset.
|
|
| ToDateTimeSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of DateTime.
|
|
| ToDateTimeSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of DateTime.
|
|
| ToDecimalList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
|
|
| ToDecimalList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
|
|
| ToDecimalSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
|
|
| ToDecimalSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
|
|
| ToDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject>)>>)(String, DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject>)>>)(Func<(Of <<'(TObject, TKey>)>>), DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject, TDictionary>)>>)(String, DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject, TDictionary>)>>)(Func<(Of <<'(TObject, TKey>)>>), DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToDoubleList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
|
|
| ToDoubleList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
|
|
| ToDoubleSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
|
|
| ToDoubleSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
|
|
| ToDynamicCollection |
Materializes the result as a list of dynamically typed objects.
|
|
| ToGuidList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of Guids.
|
|
| ToGuidList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of Guids.
|
|
| ToGuidSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of Guids.
|
|
| ToGuidSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of Guids.
|
|
| ToImmutableArray<(Of <<'(TObject>)>>) |
Materializes the result as an immutable array of objects.
|
|
| ToImmutableDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject>)>>)(Func<(Of <<'(TObject, TKey>)>>), DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a immutable dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToImmutableDictionary<(Of <<'(TKey, TObject>)>>)(String, DictionaryOptions) |
Materializes the result as a immutable dictionary of objects.
|
|
| ToImmutableList<(Of <<'(TObject>)>>) |
Materializes the result as an immutable list of objects.
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| ToInt16List(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt16List(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt16Set(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToInt16Set(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToInt32List(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt32List(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt32Set(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToInt32Set(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToInt64List(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt64List(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of integers.
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| ToInt64Set(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToInt64Set(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of integers.
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| ToSingleList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
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| ToSingleList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of numbers.
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| ToSingleSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
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| ToSingleSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of numbers.
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| ToString |
Returns a string that represents the current object. (Inherited from Object.) |
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| ToStringList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of strings.
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| ToStringList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of strings.
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| ToStringSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of strings.
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| ToStringSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of strings.
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| ToTable |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a Table.
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| ToTimeSpanList(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of TimeSpan.
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| ToTimeSpanList(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a list of TimeSpan.
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| ToTimeSpanSet(ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of TimeSpan.
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| ToTimeSpanSet(String, ListOptions) |
Indicates the results should be materialized as a set of TimeSpan.
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| ToXElement(ListOptions) |
Materializes the result as a list of XDocuments.
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| ToXElement(String, ListOptions) |
Materializes the result as a list of XDocuments.
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Copyright Bruce Wilcox<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Revision 11/21/2021 cs11.6
If you want to make your chatbot visible on the web, you need a server. As it turns out, for low traffic, Amazon will let you have a server machine for free for a year and a low fee thereafter. Here is an overview of how to create a ChatScript server on Amazon’s cloud services.
First, you need an Amazon AWS account. Go to http://aws.amazon.com/account/ and sign up for one if you don’t have one.
Second, you need to acquire a server machine. You get one by going to the AWS console: https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home and clicking on the EC2 (virtual servers in the cloud) link.
You need to alter security for a machine you will create. By default only you can talk to it. Locate the security tab on the left. Click the “Create Security Group” button and name your group a name and description. When it shows up in the list, click the name. Click on the Inbound tab. This will allow you to change incoming port access to your machine.
You want to enable HTTP if this will be a web server. Select
HTTP
from the dropdown and then click
Add Rule
. You’ll see the rule added to the right side of
the panel. It will use <IP_ADDRESS>/0 as the IP addresses, which means let
anyone come into the HTTP port.
Click the Apply Rule Changes
button to apply both of
these rules. If this machine is just to be a chatscript server instead
with the webpage on some other machine, you need to enable the port for
ChatScript. Select Inbound, custom TCP, select port 1024 (or whichever
you want), select ANYWHERE instead of custom. Then
Save
.
You’ll need a public-private key to talk to your machine. You may have had this generated when you created the server, else find Keypairs and Select New Keypairs. This will prompt you for a name and then immediately start a file download of a file with .pem. You need this file to access your future server.
There is a button there that says Launch Instance
. Click
on that. I use the quick launch wizard choice. Enter a machine label
(like My ChatScript Server) then select an Amazon Linux AMI machine
(64-bit free tier eligible). The default login id for an AMI machine is
ec2-user.
If you choose an Ubuntu linux, the default user is ubuntu. Once the instance is launched, it will return you to the console where it will show it starting up. Eventually it will be running. Nowaways the interface to selecting your machine is different but the choices are the same.
Third, you need to add stuff to the machine. There are a couple of
ways you might be using the ChatScript server. First, by itself, with a
port open to the web and talked to from your client program or webpage.
Second, from a webpage on the same machine, opening no port to users for
the ChatScript server. I chose the latter, so I had to have a webserver
installed and a webpage to talk to ChatScript. A demo webpage named
index.php
exists in the WEBINTERFACE/SIMPLE
directory of chatscript and uses PHP to do the work.
Thanks to Wade for the initial copy of this webpage.
Which means you need a way to communicate with it. I used WinSCP to talk to it along with Putty, and PuttyGen to generate a key from my keypair that WinSCP can use to authenticate itself. Let’s assume (non-trivial) that you can get a Putty terminal talking to your instance. You are going to need a few pieces of software on this machine.
To compile CS src or even just to execute it, you will need to have Curl installed, which for some machines is:
sudo yum install curl-devel
For AMI linux do: (centos?)
sudo -s
yum -y update
yum install Apache
and it should tell you there is nothing
to do.In fact, for some machines like CentOS, to get json stuff and evserver stuff, and you want to compile the source, you may need
sudo yum -y install -y libc -devel gcc libc6 -compat libcurl libcurl-devel libstdc++ libgcc glibc make gcc-c++
For Ubuntu linux:
sudo apt-get install make
- to get make installedsudo apt-get update
- to get current versions of
thingssudo apt-get install g++
- to get the compilersudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo apt-get install apache2
and
sudo apt-get install php5
sudo apt-get install gdb
— for debugger for C++ if you
can use it (unlikely)Using WinSCP I created a top level folder named ChatScript and transferred a standard ChatScript release up to the server, having first built my bot (so the TOPICS folder was ready). I then had to make ChatScript executable, by the following from Putty:
cd ChatScript
chmod +x LinuxChatScript32
or
cd ChatScript
chmod +x LinuxChatScript64
(depending on your machine)
I also needed the webserver running, so I did
service httpd start
. Since that starts the webserver, you
can prove that works by typing in the web name of your server (found on
the console) into a browser and getting back an Apache test page. The
server will stop if your machine ever stops, so you might want it to
automatically start up whenever the machine does.
/sbin/chkconfig httpd on
will set autorestart on
apache.
You need to set the IP address in the file
WEBINTERFACE/SIMPLE/index.php
to be the IP address of your
instance. If your webpage is on the same machine as your chatscript
server, you should use localhost
as the ip address, meaning
the current machine. My webpage is on a different machine than my
chatscript server. In the Amazon EC2 instances display is a line
corresponding to my EC2 machine, which names both my public DNS and my
public IP. Either can be used in the script, but I use the IP since it’s
simpler. I edited the ChatScript test webpage to:
$host = "<IP_ADDRESS>"; // <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< YOUR CHATSCRIPT SERVER IP ADDRESS GOES HERE
Once you have edited that (I did it using a local editor on my laptop and then uploaded the change along with ChatScript so I didn’t have to use a linux editor).
With the file changed, I copied it to the web server page folder via:
sudo cp WEBINTERFACE/SIMPLE/*.* /var/www/html
Then I ran ChatScript via
./LinuxChatScript32
and tried to browse see my site again. And talked to my bot!
If it doesn’t talk, you can test to see if its the server or not that is having the problem by using another terminal window and while in the ChatScript directory typing
./LinuxChatScript32 client=localhost:1024
and try talking thru that. If that works, the server is fine and your index.php script isn’t right for some reason.
Of course as soon as I leave the WinSCP connection, ChatScript comes down. And if the machine ever restarts or ChatScript ever crashes, your server is dead. So you need a cron job to automatically restart ChatScript.
crontab LINUX/jobs.cron
will set an auto restart attempt every 5 minutes. Now I can exit my connection to the instance and ChatScript will start up on its own and keep going.
The SIMPLE webinterface just shows two lines of text. The BETTER webinterface has a scrollable text box to see the history and supports the loopback/callback/alarm OOB messages. You install that just like you did the SIMPLE interface, by
sudo cp WEBINTERFACE/BETTER/*.* /var/www/html
Thanks to Dave Morton for the improved interface. You need to edit ui.php to set your IP address and bot name.
Making a Linux service Create a file called /etc/systemd/system/chatscript.service:
[Unit] Description=ChatScrip service After=network.target StartLimitIntervalSec=0 [Service] Type=simple Restart=always RestartSec=1 User=ec2-user ExecStart=/ec2-user/ChatScript/BINARIES/ChatScript
[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
systemctl start chatscript
And beyond that is a SPEECH WEB INTERFACE


Here's one with a simple array of numbers.
model: {{otherProbs}}
Here's one with an array of objects and a setp size.
model: {{probs}}
property: "p"
step: .05
model: {{otherProbs}}
model: {{probs}}
property: "p"
step: .05


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Call us anytime! 1(866)-PATS-MOM
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Joe Jonas Is Getting His Own Quibi Travel Series, 'A Cup of Joe'
Eight-part series is inspired by the musician’s Instagram account
by Margeaux SippellJoe Jonas has become the latest celebrity to star in his own Quibi series.
Called “Cup of Joe,” the eight-part travel series will follow the Jonas Brother as he takes some time to really experience all the travel destinations he’s only briefly encountered on his band’s whirlwind tours.
“You often think you know about a certain place or a person until you take some time to dig deeper. I’m fortunate to get to travel around the world through my profession and you often see me on the other side of the lens but ‘Cup of Joe’ is giving me the opportunity to dig a little deeper and point the lens at some of the world’s most interesting people… and some more of the weird, fun things I’m into,” Jonas said.
Also Read:
Here is the official logline from Quibi:
Inspired by his eponymous Instagram account, CUP OF JOE will combine Joe’s love for travel, photography and adventure. Before he hits the stage on his sold-out Happiness Begins tour, Joe will experience each city like a true native – as a local guides him through each destination. This global superstar is finally seeing the world.
Joe and his fellow brothers/band members Nick and Kevin were nominated Wednesday for a Grammy for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance Wednesday for their song “Sucker.” The group reunited after a long hiatus earlier this year, and recently released their new album “Happiness Begins.”
Quibi, a mobile streaming platform, is set to debut on April 6, 2020. Quibi shows will only be available on mobile devices, with each episode running no longer than 10 minutes. The app will cost viewers $4.99 per month for ad-supported viewing, or run $7.99 for ad-free viewing when it debuts next spring.


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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # 04 Gradient descent ### STAT 535A ### Daniel J. McDonald ### Last modified - 2021-01-20 --- ## Last time $$ \newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\argmin}[1]{\underset{#1}{\textrm{argmin}}} \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\left\lVert #1 \right\rVert} \newcommand{\indicator}{1} \renewcommand{\bar}{\overline} \renewcommand{\hat}{\widehat} \newcommand{\tr}[1]{\mbox{tr}(#1)} \newcommand{\Set}[1]{\left\{#1\right\}} \newcommand{\dom}[1]{\textrm{dom}\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\st}{\;\;\textrm{ s.t. }\;\;} $$ .pull-left[ A convex optimization problem $$ `\begin{aligned} \min\limits_{x \in D} &\quad f(x) \\ \text{subject to} &\quad g_i(x) \leq 0 & \forall i \in 1,\ldots, m \\ &\quad A x = b \end{aligned}` $$ where `\(f, g_i\)` are convex and `\(D = \dom{f} \cap \dom{g_i}\)`. ] -- .pull-left[ * Saw transformations. * First Order Condition (FOC) ] -- .pull-right[ **Relations** .center[ ![:scale 80%](gfx/cp-hierarchy.png) ] ] --- ## Very basic example .pull-left[ Suppose I want to minimize `\(f(x)=(x-6)^2\)` numerically. I start at a point (say `\(x^{(0)}=23\)`) I want to "go" in the negative direction of the gradient. The gradient (at `\(x^{(0)}=23\)`) is `\(f'(23)=2(23-6)=34\)`. OK go that way by some small amount: `\(x^{(1)} = x^{(0)} - \gamma 34\)`, for `\(\gamma\)` small. In general, `\(x^{(k+1)} = x^{(k)} -\gamma f'(x^{(k)})\)`. ] .pull-right[ ```r niter = 10 gam = 0.1 x = double(niter) x[1] = 23 grad <- function(x) 2*(x-6) for(i in 2:niter) x[i] = x[i-1] - gam*grad(x[i-1]) ```  ] --- ## Today 1. Gradient descent implementation 2. Techniques for increasing speed of convergence 3. What if `\(f\)` isn't differentiable? --- ## First order methods For simplicity, consider unconstrained optimization `\begin{equation} \min_x f(x) \end{equation}` assume `\(f\)` is convex and differentiable __Gradient descent__ - Choose `\(x^{(0)}\)` - Iterate `\(x^{(k)} = x^{(k-1)} - \gamma_k\nabla f(x^{(k-1)})\)` - Stop sometime --- ## Why does this work? __Heuristic interpretation:__ * Gradient tells me the slope. * negative gradient points toward the minimum * go that way, but not too far (or we'll miss it) __More rigorous interpretation:__ - Taylor expansion $$ f(x) \approx f(x_0) + \nabla f(x_0)^{\top}(x-x_0) + \frac{1}{2}(x-x_0)^\top H(x_0) (x-x_0) $$ - replace `\(H\)` with `\(\gamma^{-1} I\)` - minimize the quadratic approximation in `\(x\)`: $$ 0\overset{\textrm{set}}{=}\nabla f(x_0) + \frac{1}{\gamma}(x-x_0) \Longrightarrow x = x_0 - \gamma \nabla f(x_0) $$ --- ## Visually  --- ## What `\(\gamma\)`? What to use for `\(\gamma_k\)`? __Fixed__ - Only works if `\(\gamma\)` is exactly right - Usually does not work __Sequence__ `$$\gamma_k \quad \st \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \gamma_k = \infty ,\quad \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \gamma^{2}_k < \infty$$` __Exact line search__ - Tells you exactly how far you want to go - At each `\(k\)`, solve $$\gamma = \arg\min_{s \geq 0} f\big( x^{(k)} - s f(x^{(k-1)})\big) $$ - Usually can't solve this. --- ## Backtracking line search Approximation to exact line search 1. Set `\(0 <\beta < 1 , 0 < \alpha \leq\frac{1}{2}\)` 2. At each `\(k\)`, set `\(\gamma=\gamma_0\)`. While `$$f\left(x^{(k)} - \gamma \nabla f(x^{(k)})\right) > f(x^{(k)}) - \alpha \gamma \norm{ \nabla f(x^{(k)})}^{2}_{2}$$` set `\(\gamma \leftarrow \beta \gamma\)` 3. `\(x^{(k+1)} = x^{(k)} - \gamma \nabla f(x^{(k})\)` --- $$ f(x_1,x_2) = x_1^2 + 0.5x_2^2$$  --- ```r x <- matrix(0,40,2) x[1,] <- c(1,1) grad <- function(x) c(2, 1) * x gamma <- .1 for (k in 2:40) x[k,] <- x[k-1,] - gamma * grad(x[k-1,]) ```  --- ```r x <- matrix(0,40,2) x[1,] <- c(1,1) gamma <- .9 for (k in 2:40) x[k,] <- x[k-1,] - gamma * grad(x[k-1,]) ```  --- ```r x <- matrix(0,40,2) x[1,] <- c(1,1) gamma <- .5 for (k in 2:40) x[k,] = x[k-1,] - gamma / sqrt(k) * grad( x[k-1,]) ```  --- .pull-left[ ```r fb <- function(x) drop(c(1,0.5) %*% x^2) gamma0 <- .9 alpha <- 0.5 beta <- 0.9 backtrack <- TRUE for (k in 2:40) { gamma <- gamma0 gg <- grad(x[k - 1, ]) while (backtrack) { gamma <- beta * gamma prop <- x[k-1,] - gamma * gg backtrack <- (fb(prop) > fb(x[k-1,]) - alpha * gamma * sum(gg^2)) } x[i,] <- prop backtrack <- TRUE } ``` ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## Convergence properties If `\(\nabla f\)` is Lipschitz, use fixed `\(\gamma\)` 1. GD converges at rate `\(O(1/k)\)` 2. `\(\epsilon\)`-optimal in `\(O(1/\epsilon)\)` iterations If `\(f\)` is strongly convex as well 1. GD converges at rate `\(O(c^k)\)` `\((0<c<1)\)`. 2. `\(\epsilon\)`-optimal in `\(O(\log(1/\epsilon))\)` iterations We call this second case "linear convergence" because it's linear on the `\(\log\)` scale. --- ## Momentum Carry along some information from the previous iterate, (usually `\(\eta=0.9\)`) .pull-left[ `\(v \leftarrow \eta v + \gamma \nabla f(x^{(k)})\)` `\(x^{(k+1)} \leftarrow x^{(k)} - v\)` ```r x[1,] <- c(1,1) gamma <- .2 eta <- .9 v <- c(0,0) for (i in 2:40) { v <- eta * v + gamma * grad(x[i-1,]) x[i,] <- x[i-1,] - v } ``` ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## Nesterov's version (sometimes called "acceleration") Idea is to let the gradient depend on the momentum as well .pull-left[ `\(v \leftarrow \eta v + \gamma \nabla f(x^{(k)}-\gamma v)\)` `\(x^{(k+1)} \leftarrow x^{(k)} - v\)` ```r x[1,] <- c(1,1) gamma <- .2 eta <- .9 v <- c(0,0) for (i in 2:40) { v <- eta * v + gamma * grad(x[i-1,] - gamma * v) x[i,] <- x[i-1,] - v } ``` ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## When do we stop? For `\(\epsilon>0\)`, small Check any/all of 1. `\(\|f'(x)\| < \epsilon\)` 2. `\(\|x^{(k)} - x^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon\)` 3. `\(\|f(x^{(k)}) - f(x^{(k-1)})\| < \epsilon\)` --- ## Subgradient descent What happens when `\(f\)` isn't differentiable? A __subgradient__ of convex `\(f\)` at a point `\(x\)` is any `\(g\)` such that `$$f(y) \geq f(x) + g^\top (y-x)\quad\quad \forall y$$` - Always exists - `\(f\)` differentiable `\(\Rightarrow g=\nabla f(x)\)` (unique) - Just plug in the subgradient in GD - `\(f\)` Lipschitz gives `\(O(1/\sqrt{k})\)` convergence --- ## Example (LASSO) `$$\min_{\beta} \frac{1}{2n}\norm{y - X\beta}_2^2 + \lambda\norm{\beta}_1$$` - Subdifferential (the set of subgradients) `$$\begin{aligned} g(\beta) &= -X^T(y - X\beta) + \lambda\partial\norm{\beta}_1 \\ & =-X^\top(y - X\beta) + \lambda v \\ v_i &= \begin{cases} \{1\} & \quad \text{if } \beta_i > 0\\ \{-1\} & \quad \text{if } \beta_i < 0\\ [-1,1] & \quad \text{if } \beta_i = 0\\ \end{cases} \end{aligned}$$` So `\(\textrm{sign}(\beta) \in \partial\norm{\beta}_1\)`


Junior Dugue
Project lead and all around good guy.
Thank you Junior!
Project lead and all around good guy.
Thank you Junior!
Marketing UI
Front end development
Java back end development
React back end development
Java back end development
Marketing UI
Front end development
React front end development


seneca and alan watts on dying and living
there is some tension between these three quotes below, but they’re related for me. the first two are from seneca’s letter to lucilius titled ‘on taking one’s own life.’. the last is a quote from a popular talk by alan watts on the acceptance of death and the meaning of life.
“An ordinary journey will be incomplete if you come to a stop in the middle of it, but life is never incomplete if it is an honourable one.  As it is with a play, so it is with life – what matters is not how long the acting lasts, but how good it is. It is not important at what point you stop. Stop wherever you will – only make sure that you round it off with a good ending.” –– seneca, letter LXXVII
“No one imagines that a symphony is supposed to improve as it goes along, or that the whole object of playing is to reach the finale. The point of music is discovered in every moment of playing and listening to it. It is the same, I feel, with the greater part of our lives, and if we are unduly absorbed in improving them we may forget altogether to live them.” –– alan w. watts
as i sort of stew (in the best way) in my thinking about death this week, i keep coming back to an idea about living and dying. what keeps sticking is that we must be (culturally) afraid of dying because we haven’t figured out how to live.
seneca’s line about life being complete as long as it’s honorable definitely reminds me of how i think about living each day. the 2nd and 3rd quotes are, to me, similarly about the important of knowing how to live well.
there is a strange, but coherent irony in our fear of death as it manifests in our continued avoidance of the one question that would end that fear. how should one live?
writing data
| writing | 9:22 |
| spell-check, link-finding, & formatting | 14:30 |