PCI interrupt routing consists of figuring out which platform-specific interrupt is asserted when a given PCI interrupt signal is asserted. On x86 machines, this consists of figuring out which input pin on an interrupt controller is asserted when a given PCI interrupt signal is asserted. This can include a detour through a programmable interrupt router in between the PCI interrupt signal and the interrupt controller.
Most PCI interrupt routing information is platform-specific; however, the PCI specification does define a specific case where interrupt routing is platform independent. Specifically, if an add-in card contains its own PCI-PCI bridge, then the interrupt pins are for the PCI slots behind the PCI-PCI bridge are mapped onto the interrupt pins on the upstream side of the PCI-PCI bridge.
If you assign the values 0 - 3 to INTA# - INTD# then the mapping can be described as:
where is the upstream interrupt pin on the PCI-PCI bridge and and are the PCI slot and pin, respectively, of the interrupt signal being routed across the bridge. Thus, INTA# of slot 0 is mapped to INTA# on the bridge. For slot 1, INTA# is mapped to INTB# on the bridge, and INTD# is mapped to INTA# on the bridge. A full table of the mapping can be found in Table 24-13 of PCI System Architecture [5].
Although the PCI specification only defines this routing for PCI-PCI bridges in add-in cards, some x86 systems also use this mapping for PCI slots behind PCI-PCI bridges that are not in add-in cards but are part of the main chassis. The rule there appears to be that if no other routing information is provided by the BIOS for a given PCI bus behind a PCI-PCI bridge, the above mapping should be used to route the interrupts across the PCI-PCI bridge to the parent PCI bus.
The first PCI interrupt routing table provided by the x86 BIOS is the $PIR table, so named for it's four character signature: ``$PIR''. This table describes how PCI interrupt signals are connected to input pins on a programmable interrupt router. In addition, it provides details that can be used by the operating system to either program the interrupt router directly or to ask the PCI BIOS to route individual links. Note that the $PIR table only knows about ISA IRQs, so it cannot in general be used with APIC. An exception to this rule is that some early APIC systems only route ISA IRQs via their sole I/O APIC and still use an programmable interrupt router and a $PIR table to route PCI interrupts onto ISA IRQs. Details on the format and layout of the $PIR table can be found in pages 233 - 238 of PCI System Architecture [5].
The main body of the $PIR table consists of a variable-sized array of slot entries. Each slot entry contains details about a single PCI slot such as whether or not the slot is an embedded device in the main chassis or whether the slot represents a physical slot on the motherboard. Each slot entry also contains an array of four pin entries containing the routing information for INTA#, INTB#, INTC#, and INTD# for the slot. Each pin entry contains a byte holding a link identifier and a bitmap of valid ISA IRQs for this pin entry. Since each slot entry always contains pin entries for all four pins, but not all slots on embedded devices use all four pins, a pin can be marked as disconnected by using a link identifier of zero.
Each non-zero link identifier refers to a specific input pin on the programmable interrupt router. Thus, all of the (slot, pin) entries that have the same link identifier are all physically connected to the same input pin and will always share the same interrupt. Also, routing a link to an IRQ routes all of the (slot, pin) entries connected to that link to that IRQ.
Routing a PCI interrupt to an ISA IRQ using $PIR is a mostly straightforward process. First, the bus, slot, and pin of the PCI interrupt to be routed are used to lookup a (slot, pin) entry in the $PIR table. The link for the PCI interrupt is then taken from the (slot, pin) entry. If the link is already routed to an IRQ, then the routing is complete. Otherwise, an IRQ must be chosen and the link must be routed to the IRQ.
Once the operating system has picked an IRQ for an unrouted link, there are two ways the link can be routed to that IRQ. First, the operating system can manually program the interrupt router to route the link. Second, the PCI BIOS provides a BIOS call to route an individual link to a specific IRQ.
To aid with the first approach, the $PIR table includes the PCI location (bus, slot, and function) and device ID of the interrupt router. The device ID can be used to determine an interrupt router driver. For some routers, for example, the programming model is that the link identifier in the (slot, pin) entries is the offset of a single byte register and that the IRQ to be used is written to the register to route the link. This approach requires the operating system to maintain several different interrupt router drivers, and new routers aren't supported until a new driver is written or an existing driver updated.
To support $PIR routing, FreeBSD maintains data about each link that appears in the $PIR table. During boot, the kernel walks the $PIR table to build a list of links and allocate per-link data such as whether or not the link is routed, and which IRQ it is routed to. The kernel also determines if each link has already been routed by the BIOS (and if so, to which IRQ). To do this, it walks each slot entry in the $PIR table. It then examines the intpin and intline PCI config registers for each function at the PCI bus and slot specified in the slot entry. If a function has a valid intline config register, then the kernel assumes that the BIOS has routed the link associated with this function to the IRQ in the intline register. It determines the link by using the intpin register to index the pin entry in the $PIR slot entry. The kernel also builds the bitmap of valid IRQs for each link during this table walk. In theory, all of the (slot, pin) entries that refer to the same link should have the same bitmap of valid IRQs. In practice, this is not always the case. As a result, FreeBSD uses the intersection of the various bitmaps (via a bitwise AND) to determine the bitmap of valid IRQs for a given link.
The trickiest part of $PIR routing is figuring out which IRQ to use for a link that was not routed by the BIOS. FreeBSD uses a rather conservative approach that favors reliability at the expense of possibly forcing more interrupt sharing than is strictly necessary. If the link has only one valid IRQ in its bitmap, then that IRQ is used. However, if there is more than one valid IRQ, the process is slightly more complex. When the kernel does its initial scan of the $PIR table to build the per-link data, it also builds a bitmap of IRQs that the BIOS used to route links. Then when it comes time to pick an IRQ for an unrouted link, the kernel will try to use one of the IRQs that the BIOS used as those IRQs are known to work. If none of the IRQs used by the BIOS are valid for the link, then the kernel tries to use one of the IRQs in a system-wide bitmap of PCI-only IRQs in the $PIR header. If the kernel is still not able to find an IRQ at this point, it tries to pick an IRQ from a static bitmap of IRQs.
FreeBSD just uses the PCI BIOS call to route a link to an IRQ to avoid the maintenance overhead of interrupt router drivers. While some older systems may not include the BIOS call, these older systems also will typically route all the links to IRQs during boot (or provide a BIOS option to do so). Thus, for these systems the ability to route links is not critical.
An example of the link table portion of the output from pirtool can be find in Figure 3. This machine contains at least six different links: 0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x68, and 0x6b. The first entry indicates that the INTA# pin for slot 2 on bus 0 is connected to the 0x60 link, for example. This machine only has one expansion slot, and the four intpins in that slot are routed to links 0x62, 0x63, 0x60, and 0x61.
FreeBSD allows the user to tweak the $PIR routing via loader tunables. First, the bitmap of IRQs used as the last resort when choosing an IRQ for an unrouted IRQ can be set via hw.pci.irq_override_mask. Probably more useful, however, is the ability to specify the IRQ for individual links. The tunable for this is hw.pci.link.link.irq where link is the link to route, and the value of the tunable is the IRQ to route the link to. The link is specified as a hexadecimal value with a leading ``0x'' identical to the output from pirtool as well as all kernel output containing $PIR link identifiers. For example, to route link 0x60 to IRQ 11, set the loader tunable hw.pci.link.0x60.irq=11. Any IRQs used in user-specified routings are included in the mask of IRQs used by the BIOS when choosing IRQs for unrouted links. Thus, if a BIOS routes only some links and routes them all to IRQ 10, but IRQ 11 is known to be free for PCI interrupts, one can force the system to route one or more of the unrouted links to IRQ 11 to split some of the interrupt load simply by routing a single link to IRQ 11 using a tunable.
When APIC was introduced on x86, a new table was introduced to describe the routing of PCI interrupts to I/O APIC input pins. This table is known as the MP Table, and its format is described in the Multiprocessor Specification [4]. The MP Table contains several different types of entries including entries enumerating processors and I/O APICs. It also contains entries describing all device interrupts that are connected to I/O APIC input pins, and these entries are used for routing PCI interrupts.
Each interrupt entry in the MP Table contains a device interrupt as the source, and an I/O APIC input pin as the destination. The source interrupt contains a bus type (such as ISA or PCI), a bus ID, and an IRQ value. For PCI interrupts, the bus ID is the PCI bus number of the slot the interrupt belongs to. The IRQ value contains both the PCI slot and intpin. The lower two bits contain the intpin (0 means INTA#, etc.), and bits 2 through 6 contain the slot. The destination is specified as an APIC ID of an I/O APIC and an input pin number.
Given this, routing a PCI interrupt using the MP Table is fairly simple. The kernel simply walks the MP Table until it finds an entry whose source interrupt matches the PCI bus, slot, and intpin. It then uses the destination I/O APIC input pin as the PCI interrupt's destination.
An example of the interrupt entries output from mptable(8) can be find in Figure 4. This system contains three I/O APICs with APIC IDs of 8, 9, and 10. The ISA IRQs are connected to the first sixteen pins on the first I/O APIC. The PCI interrupts for PCI busses 0 and 4 are connected to other pins on the first I/O APIC. The only PCI interrupt on PCI bus 2 is connected to the first pin on the second I/O APIC, and the PCI interrupts on PCI bus 3 are connected to the first four pins on the third I/O APIC.
The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) was developed in part to provide a unified interface to configuration management for x86 machines [1]. Both the $PIR table and the MP Table are among the configuration methods and tables merged into the ACPI umbrella. Thus, ACPI provides a unified interface to PCI interrupt routing on x86 that replaces both $PIR and the MP Table. There are four main components to ACPI's interrupt routing support: global system interrupts (GSIs), the global _PIC method, PCI interrupt link devices, and per-PCI bus _PRT methods.
ACPI uses a cookie system to ``name'' interrupts known as Global System Interrupts. Each interrupt controller input pin is assigned a GSI using a fairly simple scheme. For the 8259A case, the GSIs map directly to ISA IRQs. Thus, IRQ 0 is GSI 0, etc. The APIC case is slightly more complicated, but still simple. Each I/O APIC is assigned a base GSI by the BIOS. Each input pin on the I/O APIC is mapped to a GSI number by adding the pin number (zero-based) to the base GSI. Thus, if an I/O APIC has a base GSI of N, pin 0 on that I/O APIC has a GSI of N, pin 1 has a GSI of N + 1, etc. The I/O APIC with a base GSI of 0 maps the ISA IRQs onto its first 16 input pins. Thus, the ISA IRQs are effectively always mapped 1:1 onto GSIs. More details about GSIs can be found in Section 5.2.11 of the ACPI 2.0c spec [2].
The global _PIC method is a global ACPI function that the operating system calls during boot to inform ACPI which set of interrupt hardware it plans to use. It accepts a single input parameter which indicates the interrupt mode to use. For x86 platforms, the parameter has two possible values: 0 indicates PIC mode (that is, 8259As), and 1 indicates APIC mode. The mode defaults to PIC mode on boot. Typically, the implementation of _PIC saves the interrupt mode in a global variable that is used by subsequent calls to _PRT methods to determine which routing tables to return. Figure 5 contains a sample implementation of _PIC. More details can be found in Section 5.8.1 of the ACPI 2.0c spec [2].
Each input pin on a programmable interrupt router is represented as a device in the ACPI namespace. These devices are called PCI interrupt link devices and are identified with a PnP ID of PNP0C0F. The destination of the link is set via an IRQ resource in the device's resource list. It is managed using the _CRS, _PRS, and _SRS methods just like the IRQ resource is managed for other ACPI devices such as built-in serial ports on the LPC bus.
FreeBSD manages PCI interrupt link devices in much the same way it handles links in the $PIR table. One difference is that ACPI provides a standard way to query the link for its current setting via the _CRS method. In practice, however, _CRS is not always implemented, so the PCI interrupt link driver does examine the PCI intline config register of any devices that use a link to determine which IRQ, if any, the BIOS routed the link to. Another difference is that ACPI allows links to be turned off completely via the _DIS method. In fact, FreeBSD turns off all links during boot and explicitly turns them on only when they are needed to route interrupts.
Routing a link to an ISA IRQ follows much the same process for both PCI interrupt link devices and $PIR links. One difference is that all PCI interrupt link devices are disabled during boot, so all of them must be routed to an IRQ on first use. However, the PCI interrupt link device will simply route the link to the IRQ assigned by the BIOS if the BIOS assigned one during boot and that IRQ is still valid (the IRQ might not be valid if a link device is used in APIC mode and has a different set of valid GSIs in APIC mode than in PIC mode). The PCI interrupt link driver builds a mask of known-good ISA IRQs from the IRQs used by the BIOS similar to the $PIR driver. However, ACPI doesn't provide a global mask of PCI-only IRQs similar to the one found in the $PIR table header. The PCI interrupt link driver also does not include a static mask of possible ISA IRQs or honor the hw.pci.irq_override_mask sysctl. On the other hand, the ACPI System Control Interrupt (SCI) is always shareable with PCI interrupts, so it is added to the mask of known-good ISA IRQs when in PIC mode. Thus, there is always at least one IRQ in that mask when operating in PIC mode, removing the need for both the global mask of PCI-only IRQs and the static mask of possible ISA IRQs.
Routing a link to a non-ISA GSI is fairly simple. In that case, there aren't any complications with trying to determine which of the possible interrupts really are usable. Instead, all of the possible GSIs are usable, and a simple weighting scheme is used to balance the links across the available GSIs.
As with the $PIR code, the PCI interrupt link driver allows the user
to override the routing for individual links via tunables. The format
of the tunable is hw.pci.link.link.irq where
link is the link to route, and the value of the tunable is the
GSI to route the link to. The link is specified as the last
component of the PCI interrupt link devices path in the ACPI
namespace. For example, to route the PCI interrupt link device
_SB_.PCI0.ISA0.LNKA to ISA IRQ 11, set the loader tunable
hw.pci.link.LNKA.irq=11. Unlike the $PIR code, any IRQs
used in user-specified routings are not included in the mask of
known-good ISA IRQs used by the BIOS.
The meat of PCI interrupt routing via ACPI is the _PRT method. Each PCI bus that ACPI provides interrupt routing information for appears as a device in the ACPI namespace. Each of these devices contains a _PRT method that returns an array of objects describing the interrupt routing for slots on that PCI bus.
Each object contains four members that describe the routing for a single PCI interrupt. The first member is an ACPI PCI address using the same format as _ADR. Thus, the upper four bytes contain the slot, and the lower four bytes contain the function. Since the PCI function is not part of a PCI interrupt's address, it is always specified as a wildcard value of 0xFFFF and should be ignored by the operating system. The second member is a single byte indicating the intpin. A value of 0 specifies INTA#, 1 specifies INTB#, etc.
The third and fourth members define the destination of the interrupt. If the third value is either zero or an empty string, then the fourth value is a GSI and the PCI interrupt is hard-wired to that GSI. This type of mapping is just like the MP Table I/O interrupt entries which map PCI interrupts to specific I/O APIC input pins. If the third value is not empty, then it is the name of a PCI interrupt link device in the ACPI namespace, and the fourth value is a resource index. The resource index indicates which of the resources of the PCI interrupt link device the interrupt is connected to. In practice, though, some BIOSes bogusly include a name of a link device even in entries that are routed via a hardwired GSI, and no systems to date use a resource index other than zero. Thus, as a workaround for the busted systems, FreeBSD ignores the third value and assumes the fourth value is a hardwired GSI if the fourth value is not zero. The _PRT method is described in further detail in Section 6.2.8 of the ACPI 2.0c spec [2].
Figure 6 contains a portion of an example _PRT. Specifically, it includes the first entry in the table. This corresponds to the PCI interrupt for PCI bus 3, slot 7, INTA# and can be compared with the routing for this same interrupt in Figures 3 and 4. First, note there are actually two routing tables declared as constants: PIC3 is used for PIC mode, and APC3 is used for APIC mode. The _PRT method checks the value of the PICF global variable to determine which table to return to the operating system. Recall that PICF is set in the _PIC method in Figure 5. For PIC mode, the interrupt is routed to the LNKC device, which is an ACPI PCI interrupt link device corresponding to link 0x62 from the $PIR table. For APIC mode, the interrupt is routed to GSI 66. For this machine, ACPI assigns a base GSI of 64 to the I/O APIC with an APIC ID of 10. Thus, GSI 66 corresponds to pin 2 on that I/O APIC which matches the routing in the MP Table for this PCI interrupt.
Note that ACPI allows PCI interrupt link devices to be specified in _PRT entries in APIC mode. Thus, ACPI allows the BIOS to communicate an interrupt routing where a PCI interrupt signal is connected to an input pin on a programmable interrupt router whose output pins are connected to arbitrary input pins on one or more I/O APICs. Neither the $PIR table or MP Table allow for this configuration since the $PIR table assumes all IRQ values are less than 16, and the MP Table assumes all PCI interrupts are mapped to hardwired I/O APIC input pins.


ARISE, MY LOVE (1940) A film review by Edwin Jahiel Copyright 1996 Edwin Jahiel
ARISE, MY LOVE (1940) Directed by the often great Mitchell Leisen, this is one of the best American romantic adventures with comedy. Written by the terrific team of Charles Brackett and Billy Wilder from an original story (Academy Award) by Benjamin Glazer and John S. Toldy. With Claudette Colbert, Ray Milland, Dennis O'Keefe, Walter Abel, Dick Purcell, George Zucco, Frank Puglia, Esther Dale, Ann Codee.
Leisen said that he made this film day by day from headlines, waiting to improvise as things changed. In 1939 , when the Loyalists have lost the Spanish Civil War, reporter Augusta ("Gusto") Nash (Claudette Colbert ) rescues American volunteer flyer Tom Martin (Ray Milland ) from a Franco jail and execution, in a great, suspenseful,farcical and black-humorous sequence.
They hijack a plane, escape to Paris, have a wonderful interlude there. The sequence of Colbert in her hotel room, trying to be a professional first and resist her attraction to Milland is a gem. That's when, to force herself not to meet Milland who's waiting in a cafe across the street, she has the astounded hotel's night clerk lock all her shoes in the safe.
Later, Gusto and Tom, respectively on their way to Berlin and Warsaw, don't make it as Hitler attacks Poland. Returning home on the S.S. Athenia which gets torpedoed, they survive and return to the Continent, she to cover the war, he to fly against Germany. Reunited after the fall of France they now will go to America to prepare flyers and appeal for an end to America's isolationism. There's definitely a resemblance between the end of this film and the pep-up broadcast to America by Joel McCrea Alfred Hitchcock's "Foreign Correspondent" of the same year, 1940.
Walter Abel, in of his very best supporting roles, plays Colbert's harried, frustrated editor who keeps repeating "I'm not happy; I'm not happy at all..." He has superb comic timing.
Good, sophisticated touches of humor and sentiment abound, on a then-delicate,tricky and ever-changing political background. The camerawork (Charles Lang) and the score (Victor Young) were Academy nominated. In 1988 Miss Colbert said it was her favorite film because "it started out as a farce and became very serious."
Joel McCrea was the original choice for the male lead and might have been better than Milland, whose harsh voice and sometimes monotonous acting are a mild liability. But Colbert is superb and the film is a delight.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
| virtual ? bool | FlipXY [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | DataMaxX [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | DataMaxY [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | DataMinX [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | DataMinY [get, set] |
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| virtual string | Field [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | LabelOverflowPadding [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | SelectionTolerance [get, set] |
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| virtual ? bool | Step [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | InGroupGapWidth [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | MaxBarWidth [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | MinBarWidth [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | MinGapWidth [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | Radius [get, set] |
| |
| virtual Sprite | RaiseStyle [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | BarWidth [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | Padding [get, set] |
| |
| virtual string | OhlcType [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? bool | FillArea [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? bool | PreciseStroke [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? bool | Smooth [get, set] |
| |
| virtual string | BaseColor [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | BevelWidth [get, set] |
| | Pie3DPart: the size of the 3D pie bevel. Defaults to: 5 More...
|
| |
| virtual ? double | BaseRotation [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | CenterX [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | CenterY [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | ColorSpread [get, set] |
| | Pie3DPart: an attribute used to control how flat the gradient of the sprite looks. More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | Distortion [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | EndAngle [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | EndRho [get, set] |
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| virtual string | Label [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | Margin [get, set] |
| |
| virtual string | Part [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | StartAngle [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | StartRho [get, set] |
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| virtual ? double | Thickness [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? bool | DoCallout [get, set] |
| |
| virtual Sprite | DropStyle [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | YCap [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | CenterX [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | CenterY [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | EndAngle [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | StartAngle [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | EndRho [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | StartRho [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | Margin [get, set] |
| |
| virtual string | Path [get, set] |
| | The SVG based path string used by the sprite. More...
|
| |
| virtual string | SpriteID [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | Height [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | Width [get, set] |
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| virtual ? int | X [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | Y [get, set] |
| |
| virtual int[] | LineDash [get, set] |
| | array of non-negative numbers specifying a dash/space sequence. More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | LineDashOffset [get, set] |
| | A number specifying how far into the line dash sequence drawing commences. More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | FillOpacity [get, set] |
| | The opacity of the fill. Limited from 0 to 1. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual string | FillStyle [get, set] |
| | The color of the shape (a CSS color value). Defaults to: "none" More...
|
| |
| virtual ? double | GlobalAlpha [get, set] |
| | The opacity of the sprite. Limited from 0 to 1. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | Opacity [get, set] |
| | The opacity of the sprite. Limited from 0 to 1. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual string | GlobalCompositeOperation [get, set] |
| | Indicates how source images are drawn onto a destination image. globalCompositeOperation attribute is not supported by the SVG and VML (excanvas) engines. Defaults to: source-over More...
|
| |
| virtual ? bool | Hidden [get, set] |
| | Determines whether or not the sprite is hidden. Defaults to: false More...
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| |
| virtual StrokeLinecap | LineCap [get, set] |
| | The style of the line caps. Defaults to: "butt" More...
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| |
| virtual StrokeLinejoin | Linejoin [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? double | LineWidth [get, set] |
| | The width of the line stroke. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | MiterLimit [get, set] |
| | Sets the distance between the inner corner and the outer corner where two lines meet. Defaults to: 10 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | RotationCenterX [get, set] |
| | The central coordinate of the sprite's scale operation on the x-axis. Defaults to: null More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | RotationCenterY [get, set] |
| | The central coordinate of the sprite's scale operation on the y-axis. Defaults to: null More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | RotationRads [get, set] |
| | The radians of rotation of the sprite. Defaults to 0. More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | RotationDegrees [get, set] |
| |
| virtual ? int | ScalingCenterX [get, set] |
| | The central coordinate of the sprite's scale operation on the x-axis. Defaults to: null More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | ScalingCenterY [get, set] |
| | The central coordinate of the sprite's scale operation on the y-axis. Defaults to: null More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | Scaling [get, set] |
| | The scaling of the sprite on the xy-axis. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | ScalingX [get, set] |
| | The scaling of the sprite on the x-axis. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | ScalingY [get, set] |
| | The scaling of the sprite on the y-axis. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | ShadowBlur [get, set] |
| | The amount blur used on the shadow. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual string | ShadowColor [get, set] |
| | The amount blur used on the shadow. Defaults to: 0 More...
|
| |
| virtual ? int | ShadowOffsetX [get, set] |
| | The offset of the sprite's shadow on the x-axis. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | ShadowOffsetY [get, set] |
| | The offset of the sprite's shadow on the y-axis. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | StrokeOpacity [get, set] |
| | The opacity of the stroke. Limited from 0 to 1. Defaults to: 1 More...
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| |
| virtual string | StrokeStyle [get, set] |
| | The color of the stroke (a CSS color value). Defaults to: "none" More...
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| |
| virtual bool | TransformFillStroke [get, set] |
| | Determines whether the fill and stroke are affected by sprite transformations. Defaults to: false More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | TranslationX [get, set] |
| | The translation of the sprite on the x-axis. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual ? double | TranslationY [get, set] |
| | The translation of the sprite on the y-axis. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | ZIndex [get, set] |
| | The stacking order of the sprite. Defaults to: 0 More...
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| |
| virtual ? int | Duration [get, set] |
| | Time in milliseconds for the animation to last. More...
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| |
| virtual Easing | Easing [get, set] |
| | This describes how the intermediate values used during a transition will be calculated. It allows for a transition to change speed over its duration. More...
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| virtual string | EasingArgs [get, set] |
| | This describes how the intermediate values used during a transition will be calculated. It allows for a transition to change speed over its duration. More...
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| |


Design&coding
Using bootstrap I have created a webpage for people who wants to quit smoking.
Skills used:Bootstrap,HTML,CSS,jQuery
Design&coding
In this project, I've created a responsive HTML email for advert of the new iPhone 6S.
Skills used:Photoshop,HTML,CSS


Could not connect to the server. The server may be restarting, in which case it will restart in a minute or so. If this does not happen, contact iTecX#8050 on Discord.
Change nickname:
Enter sheet URL (GSheet2 share link):
Enter Critter or Bestiary URL (Make sure that link sharing is turned ON):
| STR | DEX | CON | INT | WIS | CHA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STR Modifier: 0 | DEX Modifier: 0 | CON Modifier: 0 | INT Modifier: 0 | WIS Modifier: 0 | CHA Modifier: 0 |
| STR Save: 0 | DEX Save: 0 | CON Save: 0 | INT Save: 0 | WIS Save: 0 | CHA Save: 0 |
| Athletics: 0 | Acrobatics: 0 | - | Arcana: 0 | Animal Handling: 0 | Deception: 0 |
| - | Sleight of Hand: 0 | - | History: 0 | Insight: 0 | Intimidation: 0 |
| - | Stealth: 0 | - | Investigation: 0 | Medicine: 0 | Performance: 0 |
| - | - | - | Nature: 0 | Perception: 0 | Persuasion: 0 |
| - | - | - | Religion: 0 | Survival: 0 | - |


Dear UD CIS Community,
Welcome to the latest issue of our newsletter, CIS CONNECTIONS. We are
excited to bring you another collection of recent stories. Young people
among your friends and family may be planning applications for college
or graduate study. I urge you to discuss computer science-related
careers with them, and encourage them to check out our computer science
programs at UD! I also encourage your feedback and story ideas, please
feel free to submit them
here. I look forward to hearing from you.
Errol Lloyd,
Chair | Department of Computer & Information Sciences
Top Stories:
Impressive finish at ACM International
The University of Delaware programming team finished an impressive 11th
among 188 teams in the Mid-Atlantic regionals of the ACM International
Collegiate Programming Contest. Said team coach David Saunders,
professor of Computer and Information Sciences, “We are mightily proud
of our team’s excellent showing. They are game and they are good.”
Click here for the full story.
NSF award for search engine research
Ben
Carterette was awarded a prestigious Faculty Early Career Development
Award from the National Science Foundation to support research aimed at
brokering the perfect marriage between what a user is looking for and
what a search engine finds. The associate professor of Computer and
Information Sciences believes the key to making that marriage work is a
better understanding of how the user and the system interact with each
other. He hopes his research will help decrease the number of steps in
the internet search process, pointing users more quickly in the right
direction. Click here for the full story.
Prosthetics of the future with Google Glass
Professor Jingyi Yu and team are using Google Glass, a wearable
technology with an optical head-mounted display, for a more efficient
and affordable way to fit and manufacture leg braces and fabricate
prosthetics. The team has made three foot braces that, Yu says,
come close to the quality and precision of those created using more
traditional measuring methods. Their ultimate goal: to allow people to
take measurements and print prosthetics all from home, game-changing a
process that once took a half hour on a $50,000 machine in a clinician’s
office to one that takes 20 seconds at home with $1,500 Google Glass.
Yu is also using Google Glass to help analyze toddlers’ movements to for
earlier detection of delays and disabilities.
Click here for the full story and video.
Supercomputing 2014
UD enjoyed a
strong presence at the Supercomputing 2014 conference held in New
Orleans last fall with several students—both undergradate and
doctoral—and faculty members presenting research and serving as event
panelists or in leadership positions for the conference. Michela Taufer,
the David and Beverly J.C. Mills Career Development Chair of Computer
and Information Sciences, was the technical program co-chair of the 2014
conference, and will serve on the steering committee for the next three
years. Click here for the full story.


PAT'S SALMON COOKIE STAND. "Stand in line instead of behind the fishing line."
How Salmon Cookies Are Made... First we get the fish, then we cookie cut the fish, and last we frost the fish.
Limited Edition T-Shirts.
Add to Cart!


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Ready to Leave?
×
Select "Logout" below if you are ready to end your current session.


The mobile application collects fine precision geolocation (GPS) data of the user's movements. This data is shared to other people only if the user decides so. Geolocation data is generally considered sensitive because it can reveal user's whereabouts and, if stored, the history of their travels.
In addition to geolocation data, application collects photos taken and text written by the user in the application that are part of the route tasks. It also collects user feedback. All this data is shared to other people only if the user decides so.
It is also possible to create routes on the mobile phone application as well as and on the web site. While the routes created on the website are immediately visible to everyone, the routes created in the mobile phone application are shared to other people only if the user decides so.
The collected data can be used for research purposes.


Suspect arrested over kidnapping of UFC fighter’s stepdaughter
A man wanted over the disappearance of UFC fighter Walt Harris’s stepdaughter has been apprehended in Florida, but the whereabouts of the missing teenager remain a mystery.
Ibraheem Yazeed was arrested and booked into Escambia County Jail early on Friday. Jail records show he is being held as a fugitive after being charged in Alabama with first-degree kidnapping in the disappearance of Aniah Blanchard.
The 19-year-old was last seen at a fuel station in Auburn, Alabama, on October 23.
Ms Blanchard, a student at Southern Union State Community College, was reported missing the next day.
Her car was later found abandoned in Montgomery, more than 50 miles away.
Police said the car was damaged and contained evidence that she had been harmed.
“I am prayerful that the lord touches this young man’s heart so he will be honest and truthful and tell the authorities where our daughter is located,” Ms Blanchard’s stepmother, Yashiba Blanchard, told Al.com.
“I feel as if the lord has heard our cries and the community’s cries for help with finding our daughter.”
Yazeed, 29, was already known to authorities. He was freed from an Alabama jail in February after prosecutors said he beat a man unconscious and “near death” in a vicious robbery, court records show.
He faces attempted murder, first-degree kidnapping and first-degree robbery charges in that case.
Prosecutors say he was armed with a handgun in January when he beat William Joseph Fuller, Alabama court records state. He and two other people also stole Mr Fuller’s Rolex watch, rifle, handgun, wallet, bank card and cash, authorities said.
Yazeed was out on bond at the time of Ms Blanchard’s disappearance.
In Florida, officers were called by US marshals to help them with the arrest alongside the Pine Forest exit on Interstate 10, Escambia Sheriff’s Major Andrew Hobbs said.
“When we arrived, the suspect fled the area, but he was located by Escambia sheriff’s officers and marshals in a wooded area near the exit,” Maj Hobbs said.
Yazeed left the scene in an ambulance. His jail booking photo shows him with a swollen left eye.
“The marshals were the ones who handcuffed him and took him into custody, you’d have to contact them about any injuries he received,” Maj Hobbs said.


- Action - Interface in menuClases
-
This interface describes every action executed by every option in every MEnu.
- activate() - Method in class menuClases.Menu
-
Executes the Action related o the user selection of the option in question.
- AddNewCompanyAction - Class in menuClases
-
This class Describes the Add New Company Action of the Administration of Company's Menu.
- AddNewCompanyAction() - Constructor for class menuClases.AddNewCompanyAction
-
- AddNewShareholderAction - Class in menuClases
-
This Class describes the Add new Shareholder Option of the Shareholder Administration Menu.
- AddNewShareholderAction() - Constructor for class menuClases.AddNewShareholderAction
-
- addSharesToCompany(Company, int) - Method in class dataManagment.DMComponent
-
This method will add an amount of Shares to a Company respectively inputed in the parameters;
- AddSharesToCompanyAction - Class in menuClases
-
This Class describes the Add Shares to Company of the Administration of Stocks Menu
- AddSharesToCompanyAction() - Constructor for class menuClases.AddSharesToCompanyAction
-
- addShareToHolder(String) - Method in class dataManagment.DMComponent
-
Takes a string from the file where data is stored to be persisted and converts the data
from string to object of type share and adds it to respective Shareholder and Company portfolio.
- addToList(String, E) - Method in class dataManagment.DMComponent
-
This method is used to add Shareholders and Companies to their respective NamedList.
- AdministrationOfCompaniesActions - Class in menuClases
-
This class describes the action related to the Administration of Company's option in the Main Menu.
- AdministrationOfCompaniesActions() - Constructor for class menuClases.AdministrationOfCompaniesActions
-
- AdministrationOfCompaniesMenu - Class in menuClases
-
This Class describes the Administration of Company's Menu
- AdministrationOfShareHoldersActions - Class in menuClases
-
This class describes the action related Administration of Shareholders option from the Main Menu.
- AdministrationOfShareHoldersActions() - Constructor for class menuClases.AdministrationOfShareHoldersActions
-
- AdministrationOfShareHoldersMenu - Class in menuClases
-
This Class Describes the Administration of Shareholder's Menu.
- AdministrationOfStocksAction - Class in menuClases
-
This Class describes the action executed by the Administration of Stocks option in the Main Menu.
- AdministrationOfStocksAction() - Constructor for class menuClases.AdministrationOfStocksAction
-
- AdministrationOfStocksMenu - Class in menuClases
-
This Class describes the Administration of Stock's Menu.


MotoGP, Lorenzo riding with Criville: "the first time at 3, the license at 23"
A day with the two champions between chitchat and bends. Jorge: "First I drove with my instinct, then with my head". Alex: "The 500 2 times were wild, I liked them"
by GPoneA day with the two champions between chitchat and bends. Jorge: "First I drove with my instinct, then with my head". Alex: "The 500 2 times were wild, I liked them"


Posted by Paul Ducklin on September 24, 2014
Posted by Lisa Vaas on September 18, 2014
Posted by Lee Munson on August 24, 2014
Posted by Lisa Vaas on July 8, 2014


When Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines on November 7 it was the strongest tropical storm ever to hit land. Thousands of people have called for help and donations on Twitter. This interactive map shows every geotagged Tweet mentioning the word ‘help’ (in 22 different languages) combined with key terms around the disaster. Click on a region to see how the message spread on Twitter.


|
THANK YOU FOR VERIFICATION! |
|
|
Dear user, You are required to provide information on the source of funds / cryptocurrencies. You've requested this Questionnaire. Please see the attached document. You'll need to send the scan copy of the filled and duly signed Questionnaire along with the supporting documents to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|


Here at Disney, we want to make your time as enjoyable as possible. To help us do that, we have re-useable strollers that you can rent out while supplies last. We also have Child Care Vouchers so you can enjoy all the rides, worry free. When our customers are not using these vouchers, this is our program to give away free vouchers to families in need.


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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object fr.umlv.escapeirandroid.utils.FileManager
public class FileManager
The Class ConfigLoader offers to load XML configuration files.
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
boolean |
copyLevelAssetToInternalDir(android.content.Context context,
android.content.res.AssetManager asset)
Copy level from asset if the have been accidentally deleted |
void |
deleteLevel(java.lang.String name)
Deletes a level |
static FileManager |
getInstance()
Gets the single instance of the ConfigLoader object. |
java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> |
loadAvailableLevel()
List the available level from the app local storage |
GameBoard |
loadGameBoard(java.lang.String gameBoardName)
Loads a gameboard XML file from it's name passed as a String. |
android.gesture.GestureLibrary |
loadGestureLibrary()
Loads the gesture library from asset |
GameBoard |
loadLevelConfigFile(java.io.InputStream filePath)
This method parses a gameboard XML file as it should be formed and returns the object GameBoad according to the values in the file |
GameBoard |
loadLevelOverHttp(java.net.URL url)
Loads a level overt Internet |
boolean |
saveGameBoard(GameBoard gb)
Saves the gameboard to a zip file |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Method Detail |
|---|
public static FileManager getInstance()
public boolean copyLevelAssetToInternalDir(android.content.Context context, android.content.res.AssetManager asset)
context
- the contextasset
- the asset
public java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.String> loadAvailableLevel()
public void deleteLevel(java.lang.String name)
name
- the name of the levelpublic GameBoard loadGameBoard(java.lang.String gameBoardName) throws java.io.FileNotFoundException, java.io.IOException, javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException, org.xml.sax.SAXException
gameBoardName
- the name of the gameboard XML file, without the extension (example : "board1")
java.io.IOException
java.io.FileNotFoundException
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
org.xml.sax.SAXException
public boolean saveGameBoard(GameBoard gb)
gb
- the gameboard
public android.gesture.GestureLibrary loadGestureLibrary()
public GameBoard loadLevelOverHttp(java.net.URL url)
public GameBoard loadLevelConfigFile(java.io.InputStream filePath) throws javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException, org.xml.sax.SAXException, java.io.IOException
filePath
- the path of the XML file
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
- if a DocumentBuilder cannot be created which satisfies the configuration requested
org.xml.sax.SAXException
- If any parse errors occur
java.io.IOException
- Signals If an I/O error has occurred.
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


MUSIC
ARTISTS
SHOP
CONTACT
Demos:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Want to be the first to know when we release new music? Click
here
to join our E-Mail list!
GHOSTS
HAKUZU
Released on March 6, 2020 on Clear Skies Records.
STREAM
BUY
Demos: demos@clearskiesrecords.com


- seek(long) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuRandomAccessFile
-
- set(int, E) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.CallbackList
-
- setContainer(Shell.Container) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Config
-
Set the container to store the global Shell
instance.
- setExecutable(boolean, boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setExecutable(boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setFlags(int) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Config
-
Set flags that controls how Shell
works and how a new Shell
will be
constructed.
- setInitializer(Class<? extends Shell.Initializer>) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Config
-
Set a desired Initializer
.
- setLastModified(long) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
Sets the last-modified time of the file or directory named by this abstract pathname.
- setLength(long) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuRandomAccessFile
-
- setReadable(boolean, boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setReadable(boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setReadOnly() - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setShell(Shell) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.ContainerApp
-
- setShell(Shell) - Method in interface com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Container
-
- setTimeout(long) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Config
-
Set the maximum time to wait for a new shell construction.
- setup(Context) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.BusyBox
-
Setup a busybox environment using the bundled busybox binaries.
- setWritable(boolean, boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- setWritable(boolean) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- sh(String...) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-
- sh(InputStream) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-
- Shell - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
A class providing an API to an interactive (root) shell.
- Shell() - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-
- Shell.Config - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
Static methods for configuring the behavior of
Shell
.
- Shell.Container - Interface in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
The container to store the global Shell
instance.
- Shell.GetShellCallback - Interface in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
- Shell.Initializer - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
The initializer when a new Shell
is constructed.
- Shell.Job - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
Represents a Job that could later be executed or submitted to background thread.
- Shell.Result - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
- Shell.ResultCallback - Interface in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
- Shell.Task - Interface in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
- ShellUtils - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser
-
Some handy utility methods that are used in libsu
.
- size() - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.CallbackList
-
- su(String...) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-
- su(InputStream) - Static method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell
-
- submit() - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Job
-
Submit the job to an internal queue to run in the background.
- submit(Shell.ResultCallback) - Method in class com.topjohnwu.superuser.Shell.Job
-
Submit the job to an internal queue to run in the background.
- SuFile - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
A
File
implementation with root access.
- SuFile(File) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
Create a new SuFile
using the path of the given File
.
- SuFile(String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- SuFile(String, String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- SuFile(File, String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- SuFile(URI) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFile
-
- SuFileInputStream - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
An
InputStream
that read files using the global shell instance.
- SuFileInputStream(String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileInputStream
-
- SuFileInputStream(File) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileInputStream
-
- SuFileOutputStream - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
An
OutputStream
that read files using the global shell instance.
- SuFileOutputStream(String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileOutputStream
-
- SuFileOutputStream(String, boolean) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileOutputStream
-
- SuFileOutputStream(File) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileOutputStream
-
- SuFileOutputStream(File, boolean) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuFileOutputStream
-
- SuProcessFileInputStream - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
An
InputStream
that read files by opening a new root process.
- SuProcessFileInputStream(String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileInputStream
-
- SuProcessFileInputStream(File) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileInputStream
-
- SuProcessFileOutputStream - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
An
OutputStream
that write files by opening a new root process.
- SuProcessFileOutputStream(String) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileOutputStream
-
- SuProcessFileOutputStream(String, boolean) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileOutputStream
-
- SuProcessFileOutputStream(File) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileOutputStream
-
- SuProcessFileOutputStream(File, boolean) - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuProcessFileOutputStream
-
- SuRandomAccessFile - Class in com.topjohnwu.superuser.io
-
- SuRandomAccessFile() - Constructor for class com.topjohnwu.superuser.io.SuRandomAccessFile
-


{{/* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file. */}} {{ define "main" }}
{{ T "blog-subtitle" }}
{{ range .Pages }} {{ $authors := .Params.authors }}{{ .Date.Format "Jan 2, 2006" }} {{ with $authors }} • {{ $count := len . }} {{ range $index, $authorId := . }} {{ if and (ne $index 0) (gt $count 2) }},{{ end }} {{ if and (eq $index (sub $count 1)) (gt $count 1) }} &{{ end }} {{ with index $.Site.Data.authors $authorId }} {{ .name }} {{ with .twitter }}[@{{ . }}]{{ end }} {{ else }} {{ $authorId }} {{ end }} {{ end }} {{ end }}
{{ .Summary | markdownify }} {{ if .Truncated }} {{ end }}


Week 9 Cultural Blog
BootCoder
Learning Styles
multi-modal / kinesthetic learner
Template stuff
As a multimodal - kiesthetic learner I have the advantage of being able to grasp topics presented from several different view points. This post asks me to consider my learning style and how it has challenged me throughout phase 0. The answer to that is..not really. The biggest challenge for me in phase 0 was definitely time management. Balancing a 50-60 hour work week with pairs and blog post was not an easy task. I'm hoping that as I transition to phase 1 I will be able to ramp up my learning on all fronts.


Wayfair’s best Black Friday 2019 deals include discounts of up to 80% on furniture, appliances, and more
by Mara Leighton, Business Insider US- Wayfair has announced some of its Black Friday deals.
- Discounts of up to 80% off sitewide will begin November 22 at 9 a.m. EST, with free shipping on all purchases on Black Friday.
- We’re tracking Wayfair’s best Black Friday deals, so be sure to bookmark this page.
- We’re also keeping tabs on the best deals available online at Amazon, Target, Walmart, Best Buy, Nordstrom, The Home Depot, and more stores.
- To potentially save more on Black Friday deals this year, visit Business Insider Coupons to find the most up-to-date Wayfair coupons and promo codes.
Wayfair is one of the internet’s largest and most affordable home goods suppliers on any day of the year, but its prices get even better on Black Friday.
This year, you’ll find discounts of up to 80% off on everything from area rugs to decor. You can also expect great flash deals; discounts on Wayfair brands like AllModern, Birch Lane, Perigold, and Joss & Main; and free shipping on Black Friday with no minimums.
Wayfair’s Black Friday deals will be available starting on November 22 at 9 a.m. EST.
Wayfair’s Black Friday 2019 discounts:
- Up to 70% off small electrics
- Up to 75% on kitchen essentials
- Up to 75% off mattresses, and up to 40% off Sealy mattresses
- Up to 80% off on area rugs
- Entertainment furniture from $59.99
- Bedroom furniture from $79
- Dining room furniture from $75
- Major appliances from $199
Find all of Wayfair’s Black Friday deals here. But for the very best Black Friday deals, bookmark this page and check back closer to November 22 when we’ll be updating this page in real-time.
Wayfair Black Friday 2019 FAQs:
Does Wayfair have Black Friday deals?
Yes, it offers Black Friday deals. You can find a sneak peek of the 2019 discounts and sales here.
When does Wayfair’s Black Friday sale start?
Wayfair’s Black Friday deals will start on November 22 at 9 a.m. EST and end on December 2 at 12 a.m. EST.
Does Wayfair have Cyber Monday deals?
Yes, we’ll also be selecting the best Wayfair deals on Cyber Monday when they’re announced.
What should you buy?
According to shopping experts, the best deals across all retailers will be on the following products: TVs, smart home devices, gaming consoles, video games, and kitchen appliances. But Wayfair is an exception to that rule with discounts of up to 75% on big-ticket items such as mattresses and furniture, especially when you factor in free shipping for large, bulky items.
Early Wayfair Black Friday deals:
Check back for sale details closer to Black Friday. In the meantime, we’d recommend checking out the best strategies to maximize your holiday shopping like using cards that offer purchase protection.


this is html form experiment
name
class:
Email:
Gender: Male
FeMale
Salary:
Date:
Select car
BMW
Mercediz Benz
Hayati
Buggati
About:
Agree Terms & Conditions


Purchased Flight Tickets
You didn't purchase any tickets, yet
| Airline |
Type |
Class |
From City |
To City |
From Airport |
To Airport |
Ticket Price |
Approx. Flight Duration |
Boarding Date/Time |
|
| {{ ticket.name }} |
{{ ticket.type }} |
{{ ticket.class }} |
{{ ticket["origin.name"] }} |
{{ ticket["destination.name"] }} |
{{ ticket["source_airport.name"] }} |
{{ ticket["dest_airport.name"] }} |
${{ ticket.ticket_price.toFixed(2) }} |
{{ (ticket.aprox_duration / 60).toFixed(1) }} hours |
{{ ticket.flight_datetime }} |
|
Reservations
You didn't make any reservations
| Accommodation Type |
City |
Address |
Name |
Price |
Stars |
Breakfast |
Internet |
Starts |
|
|
| {{ reservation.type }} |
{{ reservation["cities.name"] }} |
{{ reservation.street_address }} |
{{ reservation.name }} |
${{ reservation.total_price }} |
|
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
{{ reservation.date }} |
View
|
|


In this challenge, you design and create a web API to manage the following resources: Projects
and Actions
.
Read these instructions carefully. Understand exactly what is expected before starting to code.
This is an individual assessment, please work on it alone. It is an opportunity to demonstrate proficiency of the concepts and objectives introduced and practiced in preceding days.
If the instructions are not clear, please seek support from your TL and Instructor on Slack.
The Minimum Viable Product must be completed in three hours.
Follow these steps to set up and work on your project:
firstName-lastName
.
firstName-lastName
.
Follow these steps for completing your project.
firstName-lastName
Branch into master on your fork, don’t make Pull Requests against Lambda’s repository.
Commit your code regularly and use descriptive messages. This helps both you (in case you ever need to return to old code) and your Team Lead.
Demonstrate your understanding of this Sprint’s concepts by answering the following free-form questions. Edit this document to include your answers after each question. Make sure to leave a blank line above and below your answer so it is clear and easy to read by your Team Lead.
[X] Mention two parts of Express that you learned about this week.
routing, middleware, convenience helpers
[X] Describe Middleware?
array of functions that get executed in the order they are introduced into the server code
[X] Describe a Resource?
○ everything is a resource. ○ each resource is accessible via a unique URI. ○ resources can have multiple representations. ○ communication is done over a stateless protocol (HTTP). ○ management of resources is done via HTTP methods.
[X] What can the API return to help clients know if a request was successful?
200/201 status code
[X] How can we partition our application into sub-applications?
By dividing the code up into multiple files and ‘requiring’ them in the main server file.
Design and build the necessary endpoints to:
project_id
provided belongs to an existing project
. If you try to add an action with an id
of 3 and there is no project with that id
the database will return an error.
Please read the following sections before implementing the Minimum Viable Product, they describe how the database is structured and the files and methods available for interacting with the data.
The description of the structure and extra information about each resource stored in the included database (./data/lambda.db3
) is listed below.
| Field | Data Type | Metadata |
|---|---|---|
| id | number | no need to provide it when creating projects, the database will generate it |
| name | string | required. |
| description | string | required. |
| completed | boolean | used to indicate if the project has been completed, not required |
| Field | Data Type | Metadata |
|---|---|---|
| id | number | no need to provide it when creating posts, the database will automatically generate it. |
| project_id | number | required, must be the id of an existing project. |
| description | string | up to 128 characters long, required. |
| notes | string | no size limit, required. Used to record additional notes or requirements to complete the action. |
| completed | boolean | used to indicate if the action has been completed, not required |
The /data/helpers
folder includes files you can use to manage the persistence of project and action data. These files are projectModel.js
and actionModel.js
. Both files publish the following api, which you can use to store, modify and retrieve each resource:
All these helper methods return a promise. Remember to use .then().catch() or async/await.
get()
: resolves to an array of all the resources contained in the database. If you pass an id
to this method it will return the resource with that id if one is found.
insert()
: calling insert passing it a resource object will add it to the database and return the newly created resource.
update()
: accepts two arguments, the first is the id
of the resource to update, and the second is an object with the changes
to apply. It returns the updated resource. If a resource with the provided id
is not found, the method returns null
.
remove()
: the remove method accepts an id
as it’s first parameter and, upon successfully deleting the resource from the database, returns the number of records deleted.
The projectModel.js
helper includes an extra method called getProjectActions()
that takes a project id as it’s only argument and returns a list of all the actions for the project.
We have provided test data for all the resources.
create-react-app
to create an application in a separate folder (outside the API project folder). Name it anything you want.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %}
{% endblock %} {% block content %}The File metadata cleanup drive is an effort started in September 2014 by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its goal is to fix file description pages and tweak templates to ensure that multimedia files consistently contain machine-readable metadata across Wikimedia wikis.
See also:
As of 2014-12-10, these numbers include Wikimedia Commons.


Brazil: Paraná reports increase in dengue
by News DeskBy NewsDesk @infectiousdiseasenews
Health officials in Paraná state have reported (computer translated) a 20 percent increase in dengue fever since last week. Officials report 1,234 people have been confirmed with the disease – since August, up from 1,029 cases reported the week prior.
During the same period last year, 59 dengue cases were confirmed.
Officials also note that 898 of the cases were contracted in Paraná with seven cities in an epidemic situation-Angulo , Floraí , Inajá , Nova Cantu , Quinta do Sol , Santa Isabel do Ivaí and Uniflor.
In addition, health officials reported the first chikungunya case in the capital city of Curitiba. Their are now five municipalities in the state that have reported chikungunya, with all cases classified as imported to the state.
Dengue in the Americas 2019 sees the highest cases recorded
Syphilis in Brazil: Most cases in nearly a decade
Dengue cases double in Rio de Janeiro
Brazil: Dengue cases up 67 percent in Paraíba state


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If i put your head under water, could you speak? If i put your head under water, could you speak? If i put your head under water, could you speak? If i put your head under water, could you speak? If i put your head under water, could you speak?


{% csrf_token %}
Songs Register
Song Id
Sub-Category Id
Title:
Release year:
Lyrics:
Status:
Movie
Album
Type:
Audio
Video
Singers:
Director:
Music Company:
{% csrf_token %}
Poster:


This website is an easy way for me and my friends to listen to our local police and fire department scanners. This is not relevant to anyone except for people local to my area.


The letter-spacing property can take either a positive or negative length value. The higher the value, the farther apart the letters; the lower the value, the closer together the letters.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > NEW FRIARS > Lincoln-Carmelite > Lincolnshire list, 1528
{% endif %}27 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


Batman: The Animated Series is an American superhero animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Mitch Brian, and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes. For the final fifteen episodes, the series was given the on-screen title The Adventures of Batman and Robin, which was also used for reruns of earlier episodes. The series became the first in the continuity of the shared DC animated universe, spawning further animated TV series, feature films, comic books and video games with most of the same creative talent.


The JUnit tests were used in the development phase and only test core functionality.
Tests that require an internet connection to download are disabled. @Test annotations for the tests are commented out.


Given a triangle, find the minimum path sum from top to bottom. Each step you may move to adjacent numbers on the row below.
For example, given the following triangle
[
[2],
[3,4],
[6,5,7],
[4,1,8,3]
]
The minimum path sum from top to bottom is 11
(i.e., 2 + 3 + 5 + 1 = 11).
Note:
Bonus point if you are able to do this using only O(n) extra space, where n is the total number of rows in the triangle.
Define f(i, j)
to be the minimum path sum from triangle[0][0]
to triangle[i][j]
.
f(i, 0) = f(i-1, j) + triangle[i][0]
f(i, j) = min( f(i-1, j-1), f(i-1, j) ) + triangle[i][j], 0 < j < i
f(i, i) = f(i-1, i-1) + triangle[i][i], i > 0
Dynamic array can be used.
/**
* @param {number[][]} triangle
* @return {number}
*/
var minimumTotal = function(triangle) {
if (triangle.length <= 0) { return 0 }
const dp = [triangle[0][0]]
for (let i = 1; i < triangle.length; i++) {
dp[i] = dp[i-1] + triangle[i][i]
for (let j = i - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
dp[j] = Math.min(dp[j], dp[j-1]) + triangle[i][j]
}
dp[0] += triangle[i][0]
}
return Math.min(...dp)
};
Template generated via Leetmark.


|
KratosMultiphysics
KRATOS Multiphysics (Kratos) is a framework for building parallel, multi-disciplinary simulation software, aiming at modularity, extensibility, and high performance. Kratos is written in C++, and counts with an extensive Python interface.
|
An algorithm that derives numerically the constitutive tangent tensor at one GP. More...
#include <tangent_operator_calculator_utility.h>
Public Member Functions | |
Life Cycle | |
| TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility () | |
| Constructor. More... | |
| virtual | ~TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility () |
| Destructor. More... | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
Operations | |
| static void | CalculateTangentTensor (ConstitutiveLaw::Parameters &rValues, ConstitutiveLaw *pConstitutiveLaw, const ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure &rStressMeasure=ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure_Cauchy, const bool ConsiderPertubationThreshold=true, const IndexType ApproximationOrder=2) |
| Main method that computes the tangent tensor. More... | |
| static void | CalculateTangentTensorSmallDeformationProvidedStrain (ConstitutiveLaw::Parameters &rValues, ConstitutiveLaw *pConstitutiveLaw, const ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure &rStressMeasure=ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure_Cauchy, const bool ConsiderPertubationThreshold=true, const IndexType ApproximationOrder=2) |
| Main method that computes the tangent tensor (provided strain) More... | |
| static void | CalculateTangentTensorSmallDeformationNotProvidedStrain (ConstitutiveLaw::Parameters &rValues, ConstitutiveLaw *pConstitutiveLaw, const ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure &rStressMeasure=ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure_Cauchy, const bool ConsiderPertubationThreshold=true, const IndexType ApproximationOrder=2) |
| Main method that computes the tangent tensor (not provided strain) More... | |
| static void | CalculateTangentTensorFiniteDeformation (ConstitutiveLaw::Parameters &rValues, ConstitutiveLaw *pConstitutiveLaw, const ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure &rStressMeasure=ConstitutiveLaw::StressMeasure_PK2, const bool ConsiderPertubationThreshold=true, const IndexType ApproximationOrder=2) |
| Main method that computes the tangent tensor (for finite deformation problems) More... | |
Type Definitions | |
| typedef std::size_t | SizeType |
| Definition of size type. More... | |
| typedef std::size_t | IndexType |
| Definition of index type. More... | |
| static constexpr double | tolerance = std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() |
| Definition of the zero tolerance. More... | |
| static constexpr double | PerturbationCoefficient1 = 1.0e-5 |
| static constexpr double | PerturbationCoefficient2 = 1.0e-10 |
| static constexpr double | PerturbationThreshold = 1.0e-8 |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility) | |
| Pointer definition of TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility. More... | |
An algorithm that derives numerically the constitutive tangent tensor at one GP.
The procedure is defined in the PAPER "Caracterización de la delaminación en materiales compuestos mediante la teoría de mezclas serie/paralelo" X. Martinez, S. Oller y E. Barbero.
| typedef std::size_t Kratos::TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility::IndexType |
Definition of index type.
| typedef std::size_t Kratos::TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility::SizeType |
Definition of size type.
|
inline |
Constructor.
|
inlinevirtual |
Destructor.
|
inlinestatic |
Main method that computes the tangent tensor.
| rValues | The properties of the CL |
| pConstitutiveLaw | Pointer to the CL |
| rStressMeasure | The stress measure of the law |
|
inlinestatic |
Main method that computes the tangent tensor (for finite deformation problems)
| rValues | The properties of the CL |
| pConstitutiveLaw | Pointer to the CL |
| rStressMeasure | The stress measure of the law |
|
inlinestatic |
Main method that computes the tangent tensor (not provided strain)
| rValues | The properties of the CL |
| pConstitutiveLaw | Pointer to the CL |
| rStressMeasure | The stress measure of the law |
|
inlinestatic |
Main method that computes the tangent tensor (provided strain)
| rValues | The properties of the CL |
| pConstitutiveLaw | Pointer to the CL |
| rStressMeasure | The stress measure of the law |
| Kratos::TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility::KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION | ( | TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility | ) |
Pointer definition of TangentOperatorCalculatorUtility.
|
staticconstexpr |
|
staticconstexpr |
|
staticconstexpr |
|
staticconstexpr |
Definition of the zero tolerance.


¹ Rayo is not intended to be an Express replacement, thus the API is similar, inspired-by, but not identical.
$> npm i rayo
import rayo from 'rayo'; rayo({ port: 5050 }) .get('/hello/:user', (req, res) => res.end(`Hello ${req.params.user}`)) .start();
import rayo from 'rayo'; // "age" handler const age = (req, res, step) => { req.age = 21; step(); }; // "name" handler const name = (req, res, step) => { req.name = `Super ${req.params.user}`; step(); }; rayo({ port: 5050 }) .get('/hello/:user', age, name, (req, res) => { res.end( JSON.stringify({ age: req.age, name: req.name }) ); }) .start();
handler functions
accept an IncomingMessage (a.k.a req
), a ServerResponse (a.k.a res
) and a step through (a.k.a step
) function. step()
is optional and may be used to move the program's execution logic to the next handler in the stack.
step()
may also be used to return an error at any time. See error handling.
An error will be thrown if step()
is called on an empty stack.
Each handler
exposes Node's native ServerResponse (res
) object and it's your responsibility to deal with it accordingly, e.g. end the response (res.end()
) where expected.
If you need an easier and more convenient way to deal with your responses, take a look at @rayo/send.
Please keep in mind that: "Your code, your errors."¹ - It's your responsibility to deal with them accordingly.
² Rayo is WIP, so you may encounter actual errors that need to be dealt with. If so, please point them out to us via a pull request. 👍
If you have implemented a custom error function (see onError
under options) you may invoke it at any time by calling the step()
function with an argument.
import rayo from 'rayo'; const options = { port: 5050, onError: (error, req, res) => { res.end(`Here's your error: ${error}`); } }; rayo(options) .get('/', (req, res, step) => step('Thunderstruck!')) .start();
In the above example, the error will be returned on the /
path, since step()
is being called with an argument. Run the example, open your browser and go to http://localhost:5050 and you will see "Here's your
error: Thunderstruck!".
If you don't have an error function, you may still call step()
(with an argument), which will use Rayo's own error function.
@param {object} [options] @returns {Rayo}
options.port {number}
options.host {string}
options.server {http.Server}
options.notFound {function}
Invoked when undefined paths are requested.
/** * @param {object} req * @param {object} res */ const fn = (req, res) => { // Your custom logic. }
By default, Rayo will send a "Page not found." message with a 404` status code.
options.onError {function}
Invoked when step() is called with an argument.
/** * @param {*} error * @param {object} req * @param {object} res * @param {function} [step] */ const fn = (error, req, res, step) => { // Your custom logic. }
@param {string} path @param {function} handlers - Any number, separated by a comma. @returns {rayo}
Rayo exposes all HTTP verbs as instance methods.
Requests that match the given verb and path will be routed through the specified handlers.
This method is basically an alias of the .route method, with the difference that the verb is defined by the method name itself.
import rayo from 'rayo'; /** * Setup a path ('/') on the specified HTTP verbs. */ rayo({ port: 5050 }) .get('/', (req, res) => res.end('Thunderstruck, GET')) .head('/', (req, res) => res.end('Thunderstruck, HEAD')) .start();
@param {string} path @param {function} handlers - Any number, comma separated. @returns {rayo}
Requests which match any verb and the given path will be routed through the specified handlers.
import rayo from 'rayo'; /** * Setup a path ('/') on all HTTP verbs. */ rayo({ port: 5050 }) .all('/', (req, res) => res.end('Thunderstruck, all verbs.')) .start();
@param {function} handlers - Any number, comma separated. @returns {rayo}
All requests, any verb and any path, will be routed through the specified handlers.
import rayo from 'rayo'; // "age" handler const age = (req, res, step) => { req.age = 21; step(); }; // "name" handler const name = (req, res, step) => { req.name = 'Rayo'; step(); }; rayo({ port: 5050 }) .through(age, name) .get('/', (req, res) => res.end(`${req.age} | ${req.name}`)) .start();
@param {string} verb @param {string} path @param {function} handlers - Any number, comma separated. @returns {rayo}
Requests which match the given verb and path will be routed through the specified handlers.
import rayo from 'rayo'; rayo({ port: 5050 }) .route('GET', '/', (req, res) => res.end('Thunderstruck, GET')) .start();
@param {string} path - The URL path to which verbs should be mapped. @returns {bridge}
Route one path through multiple verbs and handlers.
A bridge
instance exposes all of Rayo's routing methods (.through, .route, .verb and .all). You may create any
number of bridges and Rayo will automagically take care of mapping them.
What makes bridges
really awesome is the fact that they allow very granular control over what your application exposes. For example, enabling content compression only on certain paths.
import rayo from 'rayo'; const server = rayo({ port: 5050 }); /** * Bridge the `/home` path to the `GET` and `HEAD` verbs. */ server .bridge('/home') .get((req, res) => res.end('You are home, GET')) .head((req, res) => res.end('You are home, HEAD')); /** * Bridge the `/game` path to the `POST` and `PUT` verbs. */ server .bridge('/game') .post((req, res) => res.end('You are at the game, POST')) .put((req, res) => res.end('You are at the game, PUT')); const auth = (req, res, step) => { req.isAuthenticated = true; step(); }; const session = (req, res, step) => { req.hasSession = true; step(); }; /** * Bridge the `/account` path to the `GET`, `POST` and `PUT` verbs * and through two handlers. */ server .bridge('/account') .through(auth, session) .get((req, res) => res.end('You are at the account, GET')) .post((req, res) => res.end('You are at the account, POST')) .put((req, res) => res.end('You are at the account, PUT')); server.start();
@param {function} [callback] - Invoked on the server's `listening` event. @returns {http.Server}
Rayo will return the server address with the callback, if one was provided. This is useful, for example, to get the server port in case no port was specified in the options.
Starts Rayo -Your server is now listening for incoming requests.
import rayo from 'rayo'; rayo({ port: 5050 }); .get((req, res) => res.end('Thunderstruck')) .start((address) => { console.log(`Rayo is up on port ${address.port}`); });
Run on your own hardware; clone this repository, install the dependencies and run npm run bench
. Optionally, you may also define your test's parameters:
$> npm run bench -- -u http://localhost:5050 -c 1000 -p 25 -d 10
-u
url -Default: http://localhost:5050-c
connections -Default: 100-p
pipelines -Default: 10-d
duration -Default: 10 (seconds)-o
only Run only one particular benchmark. -Defaults to null.These resultsmaywill vary on different hardware.
Can be found here.
See our contributing notes.
👏🏼 Thank you to everyone who has made Node.js possible and to all community members actively contributing to it.
🚂 Most of Rayo
was written in chunks of 90 minutes per day and on the train while commuting to work.


Distributions¶
This page gives the details about the code in biasd.distributions.
Some standard probability distributions¶
-
class
distributions.
beta
(alpha, beta)¶ The beta distribution is often used for probabilities or fractions.
It is \(p(x\vert\alpha ,\beta) = \frac{ x^{\alpha-1}(1-x)^{\beta-1}}{B(\alpha ,\beta)}\)
-
class
distributions.
gamma
(alpha, beta)¶ The gamma distribution is often used for compounded times.
It is \(p(x\vert\alpha ,\beta) = \frac{ \beta^\alpha x^{\alpha - 1} e^{-\beta x} }{\Gamma(\alpha)}\)
Parameters are alpha (shape), and beta (rate)
-
class
distributions.
normal
(mu, sigma)¶ The normal/Gaussian distribution is useful for everything Parameters are mean, and the standard deviation
It is \(p(x\vert\mu ,\sigma) = \frac{ 1}{\sqrt{2\pi\sigma^2}}e^{\frac{-1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2}\)
-
class
distributions.
uniform
(a, b)¶ The uniform distribution is useful limiting ranges Parameters are a (lower bound), and b (upper bound)
It is \(p(x\vert a , b) = \frac{1}{b-a}\)
Convert between distributions¶
-
distributions.
convert_distribution
(this, to_this_type_string)¶ Converts this distribution to to_this_type_string distribution
- Input:
- this is a biasd.distribution._distribution
- to_this_type_string is a string of ‘beta’, ‘gamma’, ‘normal’, or ‘uniform’
- Returns:
- a biasd.distribution._distribution
Example:
from biasd import distributions as bd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt n = bd.normal(.5,.01) x = np.linspace(0,1,10000) c = bd.convert_distribution(n,'gamma') cc = bd.convert_distribution(n,'uniform') ccc = bd.convert_distribution(n,'beta') plt.plot(x,n.pdf(x)) plt.plot(x,c.pdf(x)) plt.plot(x,cc.pdf(x)) plt.plot(x,ccc.pdf(x)) plt.yscale('log') plt.show()
Distributions can be collected for priors or posteriors¶
-
class
distributions.
parameter_collection
(e1, e2, sigma, k1, k2)¶ A collection of distribution functions that are used for the BIASD two-state model as parameters for Bayesian inference. parameter_collection’s are used as priors for BIASD.
- Input:
- e1 is the probability distribution for \(\epsilon_1\)
- e2 is the probability distribution for \(\epsilon_2\)
- sigma is the probability distribution for \(\sigma\)
- k1 is the probability distribution for \(k_1\)
- k2 is the probability distribution for \(k_2\)
Collections can be visualized¶
-
class
distributions.
viewer
(data)¶ Allows you to view BIASD parameter probability distributions
- Input:
- parameter_collection is a biasd.distributions.parameter_collection
Example:
from biasd import distributions as bd # Make the parameter_collection e1 = bd.normal(5.,1.) e2 = bd.beta(95.,5.) sigma = bd.gamma(5.,100.) k1 = bd.gamma(1.,1.) k2 = bd.uniform(-1,1.) d = bd.parameter_collection(e1,e2,sigma,k1,k2) # Start the viewer v = bd.viewer(d)
Finally, you can easily generate a few useful collections using¶
-
distributions.
uninformative_prior
(data_range, timescale)¶ Generate an uninformative prior probability distribution for BIASD.
- Input:
- data_range is a list or array of the [lower,upper] bounds of the data
- timescale is the frame rate (the prior will be centered here +/- 3 decades)
- Returns:
- a flat biasd.distributions.parameter_collection
-
distributions.
guess_prior
(y, tau=1.0)¶ Generate a guess for the prior probability distribution for BIASD. This approach uses a Gaussian mixture model to learn both states and the noise, then it idealizes the trace, and calculates the transition probabilities. Rate constants are then calculated, and an attempt is made to correct these with virtual states.
- Input:
- y is a numpy.ndarray of the time series
- tau is the measurement period of the time series (i.e., inverse acquisition rate)
- Returns:
- a guessed biasd.distributions.parameter_collection


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Functions | |
| int | ADL2_Display_ColorCaps_Get (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int *lpCaps, int *lpValids) |
| Function to get the Color Caps display information. | |
| int | ADL_Display_ColorCaps_Get (int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int *lpCaps, int *lpValids) |
| Function to get the Color Caps display information. | |
| int | ADL2_Display_Color_Set (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iColorType, int iCurrent) |
| Function to set the current value of a specific color and type. | |
| int | ADL_Display_Color_Set (int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iColorType, int iCurrent) |
| Function to set the current value of a specific color and type. | |
| int | ADL2_Display_Color_Get (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iColorType, int *lpCurrent, int *lpDefault, int *lpMin, int *lpMax, int *lpStep) |
| Function to retrieve the detailed information a specified display color item. | |
| int | ADL_Display_Color_Get (int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iColorType, int *lpCurrent, int *lpDefault, int *lpMin, int *lpMax, int *lpStep) |
| Function to retrieve the detailed information a specified display color item. | |
| int | ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Get (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int *lpTempSource) |
| Function to get color temperature source. | |
| int | ADL_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Get (int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int *lpTempSource) |
| Function to get color temperature source. | |
| int | ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSourceDefault_Get (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int *lpTempSourceDefault) |
| Function to get default color temperature source. | |
| int | ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Set (ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE context, int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iTempSource) |
| Function to set the color temperature source. | |
| int | ADL_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Set (int iAdapterIndex, int iDisplayIndex, int iTempSource) |
| Function to set the color temperature source. |
| int ADL2_Display_ColorCaps_Get | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int * | lpCaps, | |||
| int * | lpValids | |||
| ) |
Function to get the Color Caps display information.
This function retrieves the display Color Caps information for a specified adapter and display.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [out] | lpCaps | The pointer to the Color Caps information retrieved from the driver. Display Color Type and Source |
| [out] | lpValids | The pointer to the bit vector indicating which bit is valid on the lpCaps returned. |
| int ADL_Display_ColorCaps_Get | ( | int | iAdapterIndex, | |
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int * | lpCaps, | |||
| int * | lpValids | |||
| ) |
Function to get the Color Caps display information.
This function retrieves the display Color Caps information for a specified adapter and display.
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [out] | lpCaps | The pointer to the Color Caps information retrieved from the driver. Display Color Type and Source |
| [out] | lpValids | The pointer to the bit vector indicating which bit is valid on the lpCaps returned. |
| int ADL2_Display_Color_Set | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iColorType, | |||
| int | iCurrent | |||
| ) |
Function to set the current value of a specific color and type.
This function sets the display color for a specified adapter, display, and color type.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iColorType | The desired color type. It can be any of the defined type. Display Color Type and Source |
| [in] | iCurrent | The desired color value. |
Clients can use ADL2 version of the API to assure that there is no interference with other ADL clients that are running in the same process . Such clients have to call ADL2_Main_Control_Create first to obtain ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE instance that has to be passed to each subsequent ADL2 call and finally destroyed using ADL2_Main_Control_Destroy.
| int ADL_Display_Color_Set | ( | int | iAdapterIndex, | |
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iColorType, | |||
| int | iCurrent | |||
| ) |
Function to set the current value of a specific color and type.
This function sets the display color for a specified adapter, display, and color type.
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iColorType | The desired color type. It can be any of the defined type. Display Color Type and Source |
| [in] | iCurrent | The desired color value. |
| int ADL2_Display_Color_Get | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iColorType, | |||
| int * | lpCurrent, | |||
| int * | lpDefault, | |||
| int * | lpMin, | |||
| int * | lpMax, | |||
| int * | lpStep | |||
| ) |
Function to retrieve the detailed information a specified display color item.
This function retrieves the detailed information for a specified display color.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iColorType | The desired color type. It can be any of the defined type. Display Color Type and Source |
| [out] | lpCurrent | The pointer to the current color value. |
| [out] | lpDefault | The pointer to the default color value. |
| [out] | lpMin | The pointer to the minimum color value. |
| [out] | lpMax | The pointer to the maximum color value. |
| [out] | lpStep | The pointer to the increment of the color setting. |
| int ADL_Display_Color_Get | ( | int | iAdapterIndex, | |
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iColorType, | |||
| int * | lpCurrent, | |||
| int * | lpDefault, | |||
| int * | lpMin, | |||
| int * | lpMax, | |||
| int * | lpStep | |||
| ) |
Function to retrieve the detailed information a specified display color item.
This function retrieves the detailed information for a specified display color.
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iColorType | The desired color type. It can be any of the defined type. Display Color Type and Source |
| [out] | lpCurrent | The pointer to the current color value. |
| [out] | lpDefault | The pointer to the default color value. |
| [out] | lpMin | The pointer to the minimum color value. |
| [out] | lpMax | The pointer to the maximum color value. |
| [out] | lpStep | The pointer to the increment of the color setting. |
| int ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Get | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int * | lpTempSource | |||
| ) |
Function to get color temperature source.
This function retrieves the current color temperature source.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [out] | lpTempSource | The pointer of the retrieved current color temperature source. Display Color Type and Source |
| int ADL_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Get | ( | int | iAdapterIndex, | |
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int * | lpTempSource | |||
| ) |
Function to get color temperature source.
This function retrieves the current color temperature source.
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [out] | lpTempSource | The pointer of the retrieved current color temperature source. Display Color Type and Source |
| int ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSourceDefault_Get | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int * | lpTempSourceDefault | |||
| ) |
Function to get default color temperature source.
This function retrieves the default color temperature source.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [out] | lpTempSourceDefault | The pointer of the retrieved default color temperature source. Display Color Type and Source |
| int ADL2_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Set | ( | ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE | context, | |
| int | iAdapterIndex, | |||
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iTempSource | |||
| ) |
Function to set the color temperature source.
This function sets the current color temperature source.
| [in] | context,: | Client's ADL context handle ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE obtained from ADL2_Main_Control_Create. |
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iTempSource | The desired color temperature source. Display Color Type and Source |
Clients can use ADL2 version of the API to assure that there is no interference with other ADL clients that are running in the same process . Such clients have to call ADL2_Main_Control_Create first to obtain ADL_CONTEXT_HANDLE instance that has to be passed to each subsequent ADL2 call and finally destroyed using ADL2_Main_Control_Destroy.
| int ADL_Display_ColorTemperatureSource_Set | ( | int | iAdapterIndex, | |
| int | iDisplayIndex, | |||
| int | iTempSource | |||
| ) |
Function to set the color temperature source.
This function sets the current color temperature source.
| [in] | iAdapterIndex | The ADL index handle of the desired adapter. |
| [in] | iDisplayIndex | The desired display index. It can be retrieved from the ADLDisplayInfo data structure. |
| [in] | iTempSource | The desired color temperature source. Display Color Type and Source |


apache_beam.io.avroio module¶
PTransforms
for reading from and writing to Avro files.
Provides two read PTransform``s, ``ReadFromAvro
and ReadAllFromAvro
,
that produces a PCollection
of records.
Each record of this PCollection
will contain a single record read from
an Avro file. Records that are of simple types will be mapped into
corresponding Python types. Records that are of Avro type ‘RECORD’ will be
mapped to Python dictionaries that comply with the schema contained in the
Avro file that contains those records. In this case, keys of each dictionary
will contain the corresponding field names and will be of type string
while the values of the dictionary will be of the type defined in the
corresponding Avro schema.
For example, if schema of the Avro file is the following. {“namespace”: “example.avro”,”type”: “record”,”name”: “User”,”fields”: [{“name”: “name”, “type”: “string”}, {“name”: “favorite_number”, “type”: [“int”, “null”]}, {“name”: “favorite_color”, “type”: [“string”, “null”]}]}
Then records generated by read transforms will be dictionaries of the following form. {u’name’: u’Alyssa’, u’favorite_number’: 256, u’favorite_color’: None}).
Additionally, this module provides a write PTransform
WriteToAvro
that can be used to write a given PCollection
of Python objects to an
Avro file.
-
class
apache_beam.io.avroio.
ReadFromAvro
(file_pattern=None, min_bundle_size=0, validate=True)[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for reading avro files.Initializes
ReadFromAvro
.Uses source
_AvroSource
to read a set of Avro files defined by a given file pattern.If
/mypath/myavrofiles*
is a file-pattern that points to a set of Avro files, aPCollection
for the records in these Avro files can be created in the following manner.with beam.Pipeline() as p: records = p | 'Read' >> beam.io.ReadFromAvro('/mypath/myavrofiles*')
Each record of this
PCollection
will contain a single record read from a source. Records that are of simple types will be mapped into corresponding Python types. Records that are of Avro typeRECORD
will be mapped to Python dictionaries that comply with the schema contained in the Avro file that contains those records. In this case, keys of each dictionary will contain the corresponding field names and will be of typestr
while the values of the dictionary will be of the type defined in the corresponding Avro schema.For example, if schema of the Avro file is the following.
{ "namespace": "example.avro", "type": "record", "name": "User", "fields": [ {"name": "name", "type": "string"}, {"name": "favorite_number", "type": ["int", "null"]}, {"name": "favorite_color", "type": ["string", "null"]} ] }
Then records generated by
_AvroSource
will be dictionaries of the following form.{u'name': u'Alyssa', u'favorite_number': 256, u'favorite_color': None}).
Parameters:
-
class
apache_beam.io.avroio.
ReadAllFromAvro
(min_bundle_size=0, desired_bundle_size=67108864)[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for readingPCollection
of Avro files.Uses source ‘_AvroSource’ to read a
PCollection
of Avro files or file patterns and produce aPCollection
of Avro records.Initializes
ReadAllFromAvro
.Parameters: - min_bundle_size – the minimum size in bytes, to be considered when splitting the input into bundles.
- desired_bundle_size – the desired size in bytes, to be considered when splitting the input into bundles.
-
DEFAULT_DESIRED_BUNDLE_SIZE
= 67108864¶
-
class
apache_beam.io.avroio.
WriteToAvro
(file_path_prefix, schema, codec='deflate', file_name_suffix='', num_shards=0, shard_name_template=None, mime_type='application/x-avro')[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for writing avro files.Initialize a WriteToAvro transform.
Parameters: - file_path_prefix – The file path to write to. The files written will begin with this prefix, followed by a shard identifier (see num_shards), and end in a common extension, if given by file_name_suffix. In most cases, only this argument is specified and num_shards, shard_name_template, and file_name_suffix use default values.
- schema – The schema to use, as returned by avro.schema.parse
- codec – The codec to use for block-level compression. Any string supported by the Avro specification is accepted (for example ‘null’).
- file_name_suffix – Suffix for the files written.
- num_shards – The number of files (shards) used for output. If not set, the service will decide on the optimal number of shards. Constraining the number of shards is likely to reduce the performance of a pipeline. Setting this value is not recommended unless you require a specific number of output files.
- shard_name_template – A template string containing placeholders for the shard number and shard count. When constructing a filename for a particular shard number, the upper-case letters ‘S’ and ‘N’ are replaced with the 0-padded shard number and shard count respectively. This argument can be ‘’ in which case it behaves as if num_shards was set to 1 and only one file will be generated. The default pattern used is ‘-SSSSS-of-NNNNN’ if None is passed as the shard_name_template.
- mime_type – The MIME type to use for the produced files, if the filesystem supports specifying MIME types.
Returns: A WriteToAvro transform usable for writing.


plot_spikes(spikes)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.show()
results = torch.zeros(tests)
for i in range(tests):
// Run the network on the input for time `run_time`.
start = timeit.timeit()
spikes = network.run(inpts={}, time=run_time)
end = timeit.timeit()
results[i] = end - start
print("Average: ",torch.mean(results)," std: ",torch.std(results))
//plot_spikes(spikes)
//