Regression discontinuity designs exploit substantive knowledge that treatment is assigned in a particular way: everyone above a threshold is assigned to treatment and everyone below it is not. Even though researchers do not control the assignment, substantive knowledge about the threshold serves as a basis for a strong identification claim.
Thistlewhite and Campbell introduced the regression discontinuity design in the 1960s to study the impact of scholarships on academic success. Their insight was that students with a test score just above a scholarship cutoff were plausibly comparable to students whose scores were just below the cutoff, so any differences in future academic success could be attributed to the scholarship itself.
Regression discontinuity designs identify a local average treatment effect: the average effect of treatment exactly at the cutoff. The main trouble with the design is that there is vanishingly little data exactly at the cutoff, so any answer strategy needs to use data that is some distance away from the cutoff. The further away from the cutoff we move, the larger the threat of bias.
We’ll consider an application of the regression discontinuity design that examines party incumbency advantage – the effect of a party winning an election on its vote margin in the next election.
Model:
Regression discontinuity designs have four components: A running variable, a cutoff, a treatment variable, and an outcome. The cutoff determines which units are treated depending on the value of the running variable.
In our example, the running variable \(X\) is the Democratic party’s margin of victory at time \(t-1\); and the treatment, \(Z\), is whether the Democratic party won the election in time \(t-1\). The outcome, \(Y\), is the Democratic vote margin at time \(t\). We’ll consider a population of 1,000 of these pairs of elections.
A major assumption required for regression discontinuity is that the conditional expectation functions for both treatment and control potential outcomes are continuous at the cutoff.1 To satisfy this assumption, we specify two smooth conditional expectation functions, one for each potential outcome. The figure plots \(Y\) (the Democratic vote margin at time \(t\)) against \(X\) (the margin at time \(t-1\)). We’ve also plotted the true conditional expectation functions for the treated and control potential outcomes. The solid lines correspond to the observed data and the dashed lines correspond to the unobserved data.
Inquiry:
Our estimand is the effect of a Democratic win in an election on the Democratic vote margin of the next election, when the Democratic vote margin of the first election is zero. Formally, it is the difference in the conditional expectation functions of the control and treatment potential outcomes when the running variable is exactly zero. The black vertical line in the plot shows this difference.
Data strategy:
We collect data on the Democratic vote share at time \(t-1\) and time \(t\) for all 1,000 pairs of elections. There is no sampling or random assignment.
Answer strategy:
We will approximate the treated and untreated conditional expectation functions to the left and right of the cutoff using a flexible regression specification estimated via OLS. In particular, we fit each regression using a fourth-order polynomial. Much of the literature on regression discontinuity designs focuses on the tradeoffs among answer strategies, with many analysts recommending against higher-order polynomial regression specifications. We use one here to highlight how well such an answer strategy does when it matches the functional form in the model. We discuss alternative estimators in the exercises.
N <- 1000
cutoff <- .5
bandwidth <- cutoff
tau <- .15
poly_order <- 4
# Model -------------------------------------------------------------------
control <- function(X) {
as.vector(poly(X, 4, raw = T) %*% c(.7, -.8, .5, 1))}
treatment <- function(X) {
as.vector(poly(X, 4, raw = T) %*% c(0, -1.5, .5, .8)) + tau}
population <- declare_population(
N = N,
X = runif(N,0,1) - cutoff,
noise = rnorm(N,0,.1),
Z = 1 * (X > 0))
potential_outcomes <- declare_potential_outcomes(
Y_Z_0 = control(X) + noise,
Y_Z_1 = treatment(X) + noise)
# Inquiry -----------------------------------------------------------------
estimand <- declare_estimand(LATE = treatment(0) - control(0))
# Data Strategy -----------------------------------------------------------
sampling <- declare_sampling(handler = function(data){
subset(data,(X > 0 - bandwidth) & X < 0 + bandwidth)})
# Answer Strategy ---------------------------------------------------------
estimator <- declare_estimator(
formula = Y ~ poly(X, poly_order) * Z,
model = lm,
estimand = estimand)
# Design ------------------------------------------------------------------
design <- declare_design(
population, potential_outcomes, estimand, sampling, reveal_outcomes, estimator)
diagnosis <- diagnose_design(rd_design, sims = 10000, bootstrap_sims = 1000)
| Mean Estimate | Mean Estimand | Bias | SE(bias) | Power | SE(Power) | Coverage | SE(Coverage) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.104 | 0.15 | -0.046 | 0.008 | 0.051 | 0.002 | 0.951 | 0.002 |
We highlight three takeaways. First, the power of this design is very low: with 1,000 units we do not achieve even 10% statistical power. However, our estimates of the uncertainty are not too wide: the coverage probability indicates that our confidence intervals indeed contain the estimand 95% of the time as they should. Our answer strategy is highly uncertain because the fourth-order polynomial specification in regression model gives weights to the data that greatly increase the variance of the estimator (Gelman and Imbens (2017)). In the exercises we explore alternative answer strategies that perform better.
Second, the design is biased because polynomial approximations of the average effect at exactly the point of the threshold will be inaccurate in small samples (Sekhon and Titiunik (2017)), especially as units farther away from the cutoff are incorporated into the answer strategy. We know that the estimated bias is not due to simulation error by examining the bootstrapped standard error of the bias estimates.
Finally, from the figure, we can see how poorly the average effect at the threshold approximates the average effect for all units. The average treatment effect among the treated (to the right of the threshold in the figure) is negative, whereas at the threshold it is positive. This clarifies that the estimand of the regression discontinuity design, the difference at the cutoff, is only relevant for a small – and possibly empty – set of units very close to the cutoff.
Since its rediscovery by social scientists in the late 1990s, the regression discontinuity design has been widely used to study diverse causal effects such as: prison on recidivism (Mitchell et al. (2017)); China’s one child policy on human capital (Qin, Zhuang, and Yang (2017)); eligibility for World Bank loans on political liberalization (Carnegie and Samii (2017)); and anti-discrimination laws on minority employment (Hahn, Todd, and Van der Klaauw (1999)).
We’ve discussed a “sharp” regression discontinuity design in which all units above the threshold were treated and all units below were untreated. In fuzzy regression discontinuity designs, some units above the cutoff remain untreated or some units below take treatment. This setting is analogous to experiments that experience noncompliance and may require instrumental variables approaches to the answer strategy (see Compliance is a Potential Outcome).
Geographic regression discontinuity designs use distance to a border as the running variable: units on one side of the border are treated and units on the other are untreated. Keele and Titiunik (2016) use such a design to study whether voters are more likely to turn out when they have the opportunity to vote directly on legislation on so-called ballot initiatives. A complication of this design is how to measure distance to the border in two dimensions.
Gelman and Imbens (2017) point out that higher order polynomial regression specifications lead to extreme regression weights. One approach to obtaining better estimates is to select a bandwidth, \(h\), around the cutoff, and run a linear regression. Declare a sampling procedure that subsets the data to a bandwidth around the threshold, as well as a first order linear regression specification, and analyze how the power, bias, RMSE, and coverage of the design vary as a function of the bandwidth.
The rdrobust
estimator in the rdrobust
package implements a local polynomial estimator that automatically selects a bandwidth for the RD analysis and bias-corrected confidence intervals. Declare another estimator using the rdrobust
function and add it to the design. How does the coverage and bias of this estimator compare to the regression approaches declared above?
Reduce the number of polynomial terms of the the treatment()
and control()
functions and assess how the bias of the design changes as the potential outcomes become increasingly linear as a function of the running variable.
Redefine the population function so that units with higher potential outcome are more likely to locate just above the cutoff than below it. Assess whether and how this affects the bias of the design.
Carnegie, Allison, and Cyrus Samii. 2017. “International Institutions and Political Liberalization: Evidence from the World Bank Loans Program.” British Journal of Political Science. Cambridge University Press, 1–23.
Gelman, Andrew, and Guido Imbens. 2017. “Why High-Order Polynomials Should Not Be Used in Regression Discontinuity Designs.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, no. Forthcoming.
Hahn, Jinyong, Petra Todd, and Wilbert Van der Klaauw. 1999. “Evaluating the Effect of an Antidiscrimination Law Using a Regression-Discontinuity Design.” National Bureau of Economic Research.
Keele, Luke, and Rocío Titiunik. 2016. “Natural Experiments Based on Geography.” Political Science Research and Methods 4 (1). Cambridge University Press: 65–95.
Mitchell, Ojmarrh, Joshua C. Cochran, Daniel P. Mears, and William D. Bales. 2017. “Examining Prison Effects on Recidivism: A Regression Discontinuity Approach.” Justice Quarterly 34 (4). Routledge: 571–96.
Qin, Xuezheng, Castiel Chen Zhuang, and Rudai Yang. 2017. “Does the One-Child Policy Improve Children’s Human Capital in Urban China? A Regression Discontinuity Design.” Journal of Comparative Economics 45 (2): 287–303.
Sekhon, Jasjeet S., and Rocío Titiunik. 2017. “On Interpreting the Regression Discontinuity Design as a Local Experiment.” In Regression Discontinuity Designs, 1–28.
An alternative motivation for some designs that do not rely on continuity at the cutoff is “local randomization”.↩


/* * eva * https://github.com/gamtiq/eva * * Copyright (c) 2014 Denis Sikuler * Licensed under the MIT license. */ /** * Functions to create functions and evaluate expressions. * * @module eva */ "use strict"; /** * Create function to further use. * * @param {String} sCode * Function's code. * @param {Object} [settings] * Operation settings. Keys are settings names, values are corresponding settings values. * The following settings are supported (setting's default value is specified in parentheses): * * * `expression`: `Boolean` (`false`) - specifies whether function's code is an expression; * when `true` value is specified, `return` statement is added at the beginning of function's code * * `paramNames`: `String` (`''`) - specifies names of function parameters * * `scope`: `Boolean` (`false`) - specifies whether function's code should be wrapped in `with` statement; * the value of function's first parameter is used as expression for `with` statement * @return {Function} * Created function. * @alias module:eva.createFunction */ function createFunction(sCode, settings) { /*jshint evil:true*/ var nI, params, sName; if (! settings) { settings = {}; } params = settings.paramNames; if (settings.expression) { sCode = "return (" + sCode + ");"; } if (settings.scope) { if (params) { nI = params.indexOf(","); if (nI > -1) { sName = params.substring(0, nI); } else { sName = params; } } else { params = sName = "sc"; } sCode = "with(" + sName + ") {" + sCode + "}"; } return params ? new Function(params, sCode) : new Function(sCode); } /** * Calculate/evaluate value of specified expression using given context and scope. * * @param {String} sExpression * Expression whose value should be calculated. * @param {Object} [context] * Object that should be used as context (`this`) when expression is evaluated. * @param {Object} [scope] * Object that should be used as scope when expression is evaluated. * @return {Any} * Result of expression evaluation. * @see {@link module:eva.createFunction createFunction} * @alias module:eva.evalWith */ function evalWith(sExpression, context, scope) { var f = createFunction(sExpression, {expression: true, scope: Boolean(scope)}); return f.apply(context || null, scope ? [scope] : []); } /** * Create function that executes specified method of the given object. * * @param {Object} delegate * Object whose method will be executed when created function is called. * @param {String} sMethod * Name of method that will be executed. * @param {Object} [settings] * Operation settings. Keys are settings names, values are corresponding settings values. * The following settings are supported: * * * `destination`: `Object` - target object into which the method will be added that should be used * to access the created function * * `destinationMethod`: `String` - name of method of the target object that will be used to access * the created function; the value of `sMethod` parameter by default * @return {Function} * Created function. * @alias module:eva.createDelegateMethod */ function createDelegateMethod(delegate, sMethod, settings) { var result = function() { return delegate[sMethod].apply(delegate, arguments); }; if (settings && settings.destination) { settings.destination[settings.destinationMethod || sMethod] = result; } return result; } // Exports module.exports = { createFunction: createFunction, evalWith: evalWith, createDelegateMethod: createDelegateMethod };


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| PERL5280DELTA(1) | Perl Programmers Reference Guide | PERL5280DELTA(1) |
If you are upgrading from an earlier release such as 5.24.0, first read perl5260delta, which describes differences between 5.24.0 and 5.26.0.
CURRENT NEW SYNONYMS ------ ------------ (?=...) (*pla:...) or (*positive_lookahead:...) (?!...) (*nla:...) or (*negative_lookahead:...) (?<=...) (*plb:...) or (*positive_lookbehind:...) (?<!...) (*nlb:...) or (*negative_lookbehind:...) (?>...) (*atomic:...)
These are considered experimental, so using any of these will raise (unless turned off) a warning in the "experimental::alpha_assertions" category.
qr/(*script_run: \d+ \b )/x
And the digits matched will all be from the same set of 10. You won't get a look-alike digit from a different script that has a different value than what it appears to be.
Or:
qr/(*sr: \b \w+ \b )/x
makes sure that all the characters come from the same script.
You can also combine script runs with "(?>...)" (or "*atomic:...)").
Instead of writing:
(*sr:(?<...))
you can now run:
(*asr:...) # or (*atomic_script_run:...)
This is considered experimental, so using it will raise (unless turned off) a warning in the "experimental::script_run" category.
See "Script Runs" in perlre.
Without backups this would result in loss of data if there was an error, such as a full disk, when writing to the output file.
This has changed so that the input file isn't replaced until the output file has been completely written and successfully closed.
This works by creating a work file in the same directory, which is renamed over the input file once the output file is complete.
Incompatibilities:
[perl #127663] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127663>
Additionally, perl now sets the close-on-exec flag more reliably, whether it does so atomically or not. Most file descriptors were getting the flag set, but some were being missed.
use feature "bitwise"; use v5.28; # "bitwise" now included
They are also now enabled by the -E command-line switch.
The "bitwise" feature no longer emits a warning. Existing code that disables the "experimental::bitwise" warning category that the feature previously used will continue to work.
One caveat that module authors ought to be aware of is that the numeric operators now pass a fifth TRUE argument to overload methods. Any methods that check the number of operands may croak if they do not expect so many. XS authors in particular should be aware that this:
SV * bitop_handler (lobj, robj, swap)
may need to be changed to this:
SV * bitop_handler (lobj, robj, swap, ...)
The implication is that you are now free to use locales and change them in a threaded environment. Your changes affect only your thread. See "Multi-threaded operation" in perllocale
By default Perl is configured to support SBOX hashing of strings up to 24 characters, in conjunction with StadtX hashing on 64 bit builds, and Zaphod32 hashing for 32 bit builds.
You may control these settings with the following options to Configure:
-DPERL_HASH_FUNC_SIPHASH -DPERL_HASH_FUNC_SIPHASH13 -DPERL_HASH_FUNC_STADTX -DPERL_HASH_FUNC_ZAPHOD32
To disable SBOX hashing you can use
-DPERL_HASH_USE_SBOX32_ALSO=0
And to set the maximum length to use SBOX32 hashing on with:
-DSBOX32_MAX_LEN=16
The maximum length allowed is 256. There probably isn't much point in setting it higher than the default.
sub f :lvalue ($a = do { $x = "abc"; return substr($x,0,1)}) { ...}
 Affected code can use "do{...}" to put a yada-yada into an arbitrary expression context.
That exception is now generalized to include various other such cases where the "{" will not be repurposed.
Note that these uses continue to raise a deprecation message.
The core versions of these modules will now issue "deprecated"-category warnings to alert you to this fact. To silence these deprecation warnings, install the modules in question from CPAN.
Note that these are (with rare exceptions) fine modules that you are encouraged to continue to use. Their disinclusion from core primarily hinges on their necessity to bootstrapping a fully functional, CPAN-capable Perl installation, not usually on concerns over their design.
$s .= "a=$a b=$b\n"
As a special case, if the LHS of an assignment is a lexical variable or "my $s", the op itself handles retrieving the lexical variable, which is faster.
In general, the more the expression includes a mix of constant strings and variable expressions, the longer the expression, and the more it mixes together non-utf8 and utf8 strings, the more marked the performance improvement. For example on a "x86_64" system, this code has been benchmarked running four times faster:
my $s; my $a = "ab\x{100}cde"; my $b = "fghij"; my $c = "\x{101}klmn"; for my $i (1..10_000_000) { $s = "\x{100}wxyz"; $s .= "foo=$a bar=$b baz=$c"; }
In addition, "sprintf" expressions which have a constant format containing only %s and "%%" format elements, and which have a fixed number of arguments, are now also optimised into a "multiconcat" op.
if (index(...) != -1) { ... }
This had a slight effect (for the better) on the output of WARNING_BITS in B::Deparse.
This update also handled CVE-2018-12015: directory traversal vulnerability. [cpan #125523] <https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=125523>
NOTE: B::Debug is deprecated and may be removed from a future version of Perl.
It includes many bug fixes, and in particular, it now deparses variable attributes correctly:
my $x :foo; # used to deparse as # 'attributes'->import('main', \$x, 'foo'), my $x;
If a package on the call stack contains a constant named "ISA", Carp no longer throws a "Not a GLOB reference" error.
Carp, when generating stack traces, now attempts to work around longstanding bugs resulting from Perl's non-reference-counted stack. [perl #52610] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=52610>
Carp has been modified to avoid assuming that objects cannot be overloaded without the overload module loaded (this can happen with objects created by XS modules). Previously, infinite recursion would result if an XS-defined overload method itself called Carp. [perl #132828] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132828>
Carp now avoids using "overload::StrVal", partly because older versions of overload (included with perl 5.14 and earlier) load Scalar::Util at run time, which will fail if Carp has been invoked after a syntax error.
This addresses a security vulnerability in older versions of the 'zlib' library (which is bundled with Compress-Raw-Zlib).
Quoting of glob names now obeys the Useqq option [perl #119831] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=119831>.
Attempts to set an option to "undef" through a combined getter/setter method are no longer mistaken for getter calls [perl #113090] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=113090>.
Devel::PPPort has moved from cpan-first to perl-first maintenance
Primary responsibility for the code in Devel::PPPort has moved into core perl. In a practical sense there should be no change except that hopefully it will stay more up to date with changes made to symbols in perl, rather than needing to be updated after the fact.
Its documentation now shows the use of "__PACKAGE__" and direct object syntax [perl #132247] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132247>.
It will now use the sub-second precision variant of utime() supplied by Time::HiRes where available. [perl #132401] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132401>.
Its documentation now explains that "each" and "delete" don't mix in hashes tied to this module [perl #117449] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=117449>.
It will now retry opening with an acceptable block size if asking gdbm to default the block size failed [perl #119623] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=119623>.
This module is now available on all platforms, emulating the system nl_langinfo(3) on systems that lack it. Some caveats apply, as detailed in its documentation, the most severe being that, except for MS Windows, the "CODESET" item is not implemented on those systems, always returning "".
It now sets the UTF-8 flag in its returned scalar if the string contains legal non-ASCII UTF-8, and the locale is UTF-8 [perl #127288] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=127288>.
This update also fixes a bug in which the underlying locale was ignored for the "RADIXCHAR" (always was returned as a dot) and the "THOUSEP" (always empty). Now the locale-appropriate values are returned.
NOTE: Locale::Codes scheduled to be removed from core in Perl 5.30.
A title for the HTML document will now be automatically generated by default from a "NAME" section in the POD document, as it used to be before the module was rewritten to use Pod::Simple::XHTML to do the core of its job [perl #110520] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=110520>.
Man page references and function names now follow the Linux man page formatting standards, instead of the Solaris standard.
Some more cautions were added about using locale-specific functions in threaded applications.
The documentation now better describes the problems that arise when returning values from threads, and no longer warns about creating threads in "BEGIN" blocks. [perl #96538] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=96538>
The function "num" now accepts an optional parameter to help in diagnosing error returns.
It now includes new functions with names ending in "_at_level", allowing callers to specify the exact call frame. [perl #132468] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132468>
Its documentation now shows the use of "__PACKAGE__", and direct object syntax for example "DynaLoader" usage [perl #132247] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132247>.
Platforms that use "mod2fname" to edit the names of loadable libraries now look for bootstrap (.bs) files under the correct, non-edited name.
Additionally, the following selected changes have been made:
perlapi
perldata
perldebguts
perldiag
This now gives more ideas as to workarounds to the issue that was introduced in Perl 5.18 (but not documented explicitly in its perldelta) for the fact that some Unicode "/i" rules cause a few sequences such as
(?<!st)
to be considered variable length, and hence disallowed.
This entry has been removed, as the experimental support of this construct was removed in perl 5.24.0.
perlembed
This has been changed to a call to croak_sv().
An alternative could have been to supply a trivial format string:
croak("%s", SvPV_nolen(ERRSV));
or as a special case for "ERRSV" simply:
croak(NULL);
perlfunc
require Foo::Bar; require "Foo/Bar.pm";
perlgit
perlguts
perlintern
perlobj
perlop
perlrequick
perlretut
perlrun
perlsec
perlsyn
perluniprops
perlvar
perlfunc, perlop, perlsyn
(F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a "given" block. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in perlfunc.
Use of "goto" to jump into the parameter of a binary or list operator has been prohibited, to prevent crashes and stack corruption. [perl #130936] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=130936>
You may only enter the first argument of an operator that takes a fixed number of arguments, since this is a case that will not cause stack corruption. [perl #132854] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132854>
New Warnings
(W syntax) You used the old package separator, "'", in a variable named inside a double-quoted string; e.g., "In $name's house". This is equivalent to "In $name::s house". If you meant the former, put a backslash before the apostrophe ("In $name\'s house").
Perl has been documented as requiring a C89 compiler to build since October 1998. A variety of simplifications have now been made to Perl's internals to rely on the features specified by the C89 standard. We believe that this internal change hasn't altered the set of platforms that Perl builds on, but please report a bug if Perl now has new problems building on your platform.
regen/mk_invlists.pl, unlike the other regen/*.pl scripts, used $0 to name itself in the dependencies stored in the files it generates. It now uses a literal so that the path stored in the generated files doesn't depend on how regen/mk_invlists.pl is invoked.
This lack of canonical names could cause test failures in t/porting/regen.t. [perl #132925] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132925>
This test can take a long time to run, so there is a timer to keep this in check (currently, 5 minutes). This commit adds checking the environment variable "PERL_TEST_TIME_OUT_FACTOR"; if set, the time out setting is multiplied by its value.
CRTL features can now be set by embedders before invoking Perl by using the "decc$feature_set" and "decc$feature_set_value" functions. Previously any attempt to set features after image initialization were ignored.
my $x = "foo=$foo, bar=$bar\n";
the constant string would be "foo=, bar=\n" and the segment lengths would be (4,6,1). If the string contains characters such as "\x80", whose representation changes under utf8, two sets of strings plus lengths are precomputed and stored.
By adding
#define PERL_REENTRANT
near the beginning of an "XS" file, it will be compiled so that whatever reentrant functions perl knows about on that system will automatically and invisibly be used instead of the plain, non-reentrant versions. For example, if you write "getpwnam()" in your code, on a system that has "getpwnam_r()" all calls to the former will be translated invisibly into the latter. This does not happen except on threaded perls, as they aren't needed otherwise. Be aware that which functions have reentrant versions varies from system to system.
It partially fixes the rare bug of deferred elements getting out of synch with their arrays when the array is shifted or unshifted. [perl #132729] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=132729>
These internal stack usage checks introduced are also done by the "entersub" operator when calling XSUBs. This means we can report which XSUB failed to allocate enough stack space. [perl #131975] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=131975>
sub DESTROY { eval { die "died in DESTROY"; } } eval { bless []; }; # $@ used to be equal to "died in DESTROY" here; it's now "".
Previously compilation could continue in order to report other errors, but the failed sub-parse could leave partly parsed constructs on the parser shift-reduce stack, confusing the parser, leading to perl crashes. [perl #125351] <https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=125351>
Excluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there were approximately 580,000 lines of changes to 1,300 .pm, .t, .c and .h files.
Perl continues to flourish into its fourth decade thanks to a vibrant community of users and developers. The following people are known to have contributed the improvements that became Perl 5.28.0:
Aaron Crane, Abigail, AEvar Arnfjoerd` Bjarmason, Alberto Simo~es, Alexandr Savca, Andrew Fresh, Andy Dougherty, Andy Lester, Aristotle Pagaltzis, Ask Bjorn Hansen, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Craig A. Berry, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaaker, Dan Collins, Daniel Dragan, David Cantrell, David Mitchell, Dmitry Ulanov, Dominic Hargreaves, E. Choroba, Eric Herman, Eugen Konkov, Father Chrysostomos, Gene Sullivan, George Hartzell, Graham Knop, Harald Joerg, H.Merijn Brand, Hugo van der Sanden, Jacques Germishuys, James E Keenan, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Jerry D. Hedden, J. Nick Koston, John Lightsey, John Peacock, John P. Linderman, John SJ Anderson, Karen Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Ken Brown, Ken Cotterill, Leon Timmermans, Lukas Mai, Marco Fontani, Marc-Philip Werner, Matthew Horsfall, Neil Bowers, Nicholas Clark, Nicolas R., Niko Tyni, Pali, Paul Marquess, Peter John Acklam, Reini Urban, Renee Baecker, Ricardo Signes, Robin Barker, Sawyer X, Scott Lanning, Sergey Aleynikov, Shirakata Kentaro, Shoichi Kaji, Slaven Rezic, Smylers, Steffen Mueller, Steve Hay, Sullivan Beck, Thomas Sibley, Todd Rinaldo, Tomasz Konojacki, Tom Hukins, Tom Wyant, Tony Cook, Vitali Peil, Yves Orton, Zefram.
The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically generated from version control history. In particular, it does not include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.
Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN modules included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN community for helping Perl to flourish.
For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors, please see the AUTHORS file in the Perl source distribution.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of "perl -V", will be sent off to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
If the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then see "SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION" in perlsec for details of how to report the issue.
perlthanks
This will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of thanks.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
| 2019-10-21 | perl v5.30.3 |


You've spend {{ total_time }} minutes focusing today
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The Tags You've Been Using Today
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Nothing to see here (at miner/templates/miner/base.html)... Keep moving right along.
{% endblock content %}
{% block plot %}
Plot (Chart) Goes Here
{% endblock plot %}


Satan ipsum was created to provide you with simple ways to celebrate your love for the Great One. Fill your layouts with Satan Ipsum, use His placeholder images in comps. Use our API endpoints in your code. Above all else, however, hail Satan.
Created by Keith Hamilton ©2014


More than 40 fire crews tackle ‘intense’ blaze at Bolton student flats
One witness said: ‘A lot of students got out very fast, someone was very distressed, the rest were on phones calling for help.’
Two people have been injured in a large blaze at a student accommodation building in Bolton, Greater Manchester.
Images posted on social media showed firefighters tackling the blaze on the top floors of a six-storey building known as The Cube on Bradshawgate at around 8.30pm on Friday night.
Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service (GMFRS) confirmed paramedics had treated two people at the scene, including one person rescued by crews via an aerial platform.
A spokesman said more than 40 fire engines were still at the scene on Saturday morning tackling “the last few fighting pockets of fire” in the building, which had been evacuated.

Ace Love, 35, told the PA news agency: “The fire kept getting more intense, climbing up and to the right because the wind was blowing so hard.
“We could see it bubbling from the outside and then being engulfed from the outside.
“A lot of students got out very fast, someone was very distressed, the rest were on phones calling for help.
“The fire got worse and worse, to the point where you could see through the beams, it was just bare frame.”
University of Bolton student Shannon Parker, 22, lives in the building.
She told PA: “I was in my room whilst it was happening. I heard the fire alarm going off but it kept on going off so I just thought it was a drill at first until one of my flatmates shouted down the corridor that it was a real fire.
“So I ran out the flat as quickly as I could and I saw that it was one of the flats below mine and we went out by the fire exit.”
She said she was being relocated to either a nearby hotel or another student accommodation building.
Authorities have asked anyone who was living at or visiting The Cube to register at the nearby Orlando Village student accommodation facility.
“We have divided the fire itself into four sectors of firefighting, allowing us to target our efforts on particular hotspots,” GMFRS area manager Jim Hutton said in a statement.
“While the building does remain on fire, we are doing all we can to stay on top of this situation and soon extinguish the flames.”
Road closures remain in place around the area.
Professor George E Holmes DL, President and Vice Chancellor of the University of Bolton, said: “Supporting the welfare of our students is our number one priority and we have moved swiftly to assist in any way we can.
“University colleagues have worked through the night to make sure support is in place for students over the weekend.
“We have assisted in ensuring students have been given temporary alternative accommodation at the Orlando student halls and in some Bolton hotels.
“We have also arranged to provide necessities such as toiletries for all students affected and are opening the University over the weekend so students can be supported. We will also provide food for them.
“I would like to stress that The Cube is not owned by the University of Bolton. It is owned and managed by a private landlord and the students were not on our premises when during this incident.”
Secretary of State for Housing, Communities & Local Government, Robert Jenrick, tweeted to say officials were ready to offer assistance if required.
Incumbent Labour candidate for Bolton South East, Yasmin Qureshi, warned people to stay away from the area and said she would be in contact with the emergency services.
She said on Twitter: “There is an ongoing incident in Bolton town centre and the emergency services are asking people to stay away from the area for the time being. I will be liaising with the police and fire services to stay informed of developments.”


|
Halide
|
A base class for passes over the IR which modify it (e.g. More...
#include <IRMutator.h>
Inherited by Halide::Internal::IRGraphMutator2.
Public Member Functions | |
| IRMutator2 () | |
| virtual | ~IRMutator2 () |
| virtual Expr | mutate (const Expr &expr) |
| This is the main interface for using a mutator. More... | |
| virtual Stmt | mutate (const Stmt &stmt) |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual Expr | visit (const IntImm *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const UIntImm *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const FloatImm *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const StringImm *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Cast *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Variable *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Add *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Sub *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Mul *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Div *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Mod *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Min *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Max *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const EQ *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const NE *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const LT *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const LE *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const GT *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const GE *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const And *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Or *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Not *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Select *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Load *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Ramp *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Broadcast *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Call *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Let *) |
| virtual Expr | visit (const Shuffle *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const LetStmt *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const AssertStmt *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const ProducerConsumer *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const For *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Store *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Provide *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Allocate *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Free *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Realize *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Block *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const IfThenElse *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Evaluate *) |
| virtual Stmt | visit (const Prefetch *) |
A base class for passes over the IR which modify it (e.g.
replacing a variable with a value (Substitute.h), or constant-folding).
Your mutator should override the visit() methods you care about and return the new expression or stmt. The default implementations recursively mutate their children. To mutate sub-expressions and sub-statements you should override the mutate() method, which will dispatch to the appropriate visit() method and then return the value of expr or stmt after the call to visit.
Definition at line 106 of file IRMutator.h.
| Halide::Internal::IRMutator2::IRMutator2 | ( | ) |
|
virtual |
This is the main interface for using a mutator.
Also call these in your subclass to mutate sub-expressions and sub-statements.
Reimplemented in Halide::Internal::IRGraphMutator2.
Reimplemented in Halide::Internal::IRGraphMutator2.
|
protectedvirtual |
|
protectedvirtual |
|
protectedvirtual |


The SVG library gives control over vector work imported into PlotDevice. Rectangles, circles and paths from an SVG file are imported as native PlotDevice paths, so their individual points and colors can be manipulated (see the tutorial on Paths).
’SVG’ means Scalable Vector Graphics and is an XML format. You can save SVG files from Inkscape and Illustrator. Hand-draw your shapes there and then manipulate them further in PlotDevice.
The SVG library has been tested for the following Illustrator functionalities: rectangles, ellipses, polygons, lines, curves constructed with the pen-tool, fill colors, stroke colors, stroke widths and transparency. Complicated things like gradient fills are ignored.
| svg.zip (400KB) Last updated for NodeBox <IP_ADDRESS> Licensed under GPL Author: Tom De Smedt |
Put the svg library folder in the same folder as your script so PlotDevice can find the library. You can also put it in ~/Library/Application Support/PlotDevice/.
svg = ximport("svg")
To export files as SVG from Adobe Illustrator do the following:
parse(str, cached=False)
The parse() command reads SVG source and returns a list of paths that are drawable with drawpath(). The command has an optional cached parameter. When set to True, the SVG source is analyzed only once and the parsed paths stored in memory so they load faster.
Each returned path in the list has the following properties:
These can be used to copy color information from the original vector drawing. Read the tutorial on paths to see what you can do with the points of a path.
For example, here’s one of Ludivine Lechat’s Illustrator drawings. We can import the paths into PlotDevice. Those that have a fill color will retain their original fill.
data = open("flower.svg").read() paths = svg.parse(data) for path in paths: try: fill(path.fill) except: fill(random(), 0, 0) drawpath(path)
In the following example we override the colors in the original document. We only fill paths that are closed, in shades of the same color:
Since all of the imported artwork are standard PlotDevice paths, I can also manipulate them with path mathematics, transform them like the LetterKnitter. After some fumbling with paths and a nice gradient background, here is a hairy version of our flower. The bottom paths are darker to create a sense of depth.
Below is some example code used to alter the path.
You can see it in use in the Superfolia project in the gallery.
def draw_furry(path): prev = None autoclosepath(False) nofill() for pt in path.points(100): stroke(1, 0.5) strokewidth(random(0.5)) if prev != None: beginpath(prev.x, prev.y) curveto( pt.ctrl1.x - random(30), pt.ctrl1.y, pt.ctrl2.x, pt.ctrl2.y + random(30), pt.x, pt.y ) curveto( pt.ctrl1.x + random(10), pt.ctrl1.y, pt.ctrl2.x, pt.ctrl2.y - random(10), pt.x + random(-20, 20), pt.y + random(-20, 20) ) endpath() prev = pt
More path filters can be found here.
When you import an SVG file a list of paths is returned. All of these paths may make up a single drawing and you may encounter difficulties when rotating and scaling the drawing a whole. Below are two commands to help you along.
The first command, bounds(), calculates the position and total size of a list of paths. The second command, drawpaths(), draws all of the paths rotating and scaling from the given origin. By default origin is (0.5, 0.5) which means the center of the group.
def bounds(paths=[]): """ Returns (x, y), (width, height) bounds for a group of paths. """ if len(paths) == 0: return (0,0), (0,0) l = t = float("inf") r = b = float("-inf") for path in paths: (x, y), (w, h) = path.bounds l = min(l, x) t = min(t, y) r = max(r, x+w) b = max(b, y+h) return (l, t), (r-l, b-t)
def drawpaths(paths=[], x=0, y=0, rotate=0, scale=1.0, origin=(0.5,0.5)): """ Draws a group of paths that rotate and scale from the given origin. """ _ctx.transform(CORNER) _ctx.push() _ctx.translate(x, y) _ctx.rotate(rotate) _ctx.scale(scale) (x, y), (w, h) = bounds(paths) _ctx.translate((-x-w)*origin[0], (-y-h)*origin[1]) for path in paths: #_ctx.fill(path.fill) #_ctx.stroke(path.stroke) #_ctx.strokewidth(path.strokewidth) # Use copies of the paths that adhere to the transformations. _ctx.drawpath(path.copy()) _ctx.pop()
Finally, remember that when you want to supply one path multiple times to drawpath(), each with its own translation and rotation, you need to feed copies of the path to drawpath:
path = svg.parse(data)[0] for i in range(5): rotate(i*10) drawpath(path.copy())


| OLD line(s): 483
<LineNumber>19a - 33a</LineNumber> | NEW line(s): 483
<LineNumber>19a - 37a</LineNumber> |
| OLD line(s): 493
<LineNumber>34</LineNumber> | NEW line(s): 493
<LineNumber>38</LineNumber> |
| OLD line(s): 752
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 752
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 842
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 842
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 892
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 892
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 982
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 982
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1072
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 1072
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1122
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1122
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1212
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 1212
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1302
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 1302
<Description>Divide line 12 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1352
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1352
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1442
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3</Description> | NEW line(s): 1442
<Description>Divide line 7 by 3.0</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1524
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1524
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1657
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1657
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1799
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1799
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 1941
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 1941
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 2083
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 4 and 5c</Description> | NEW line(s): 2083
<Description>For each period, enter the same type of credits as allowed on Form 2220, lines 1 and 2c</Description> |
| OLD line(s): 2518
| NEW line(s): 2519,2558
<!-- Late Days In 7th Date Range --> <xsd:element name="LateDaysIn7thDateRange" type="NumberOfDaysType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> <Description>Number of days on line 20</Description> <LineNumber>33a</LineNumber> </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <!-- Penalty For 7th Date Range --> <xsd:element name="PenaltyFor7thDateRange" type="USAmountType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> <Description>Underpayment on line 17</Description> <LineNumber>34a</LineNumber> </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <!-- Late Days In 8th Date Range --> <xsd:element name="LateDaysIn8thDateRange" type="NumberOfDaysType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> <Description>Number of days on line 20</Description> <LineNumber>35a</LineNumber> </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> <!-- Penalty For 8th Date Range --> <xsd:element name="PenaltyFor8thDateRange" type="USAmountType" minOccurs="0"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> <Description>Underpayment on line 17</Description> <LineNumber>36a</LineNumber> </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:element> |
| OLD line(s): 2524
<LineNumber>33a</LineNumber> | NEW line(s): 2564
<LineNumber>37a</LineNumber> |
| OLD line(s): 2539
| NEW line(s): 2580,2581
<xsd:minInclusive value="000"/> <xsd:maxInclusive value="366"/> |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block main %} {% if activated %}
{% trans "Thanks! You are now subscribed to our newsletter." %}
{% else %} {% if token_found %}{% trans "The link you clicked was no longer valid. Your subscription is already active." %}
{% else %}{% trans "The link was invalid. Please check if it was correct or try to subscribe again." %}
{% endif %} {% endif %} {% endblock %}


---
layout: game-page
redirect_from: /game/dreamscape
title: Dreamscape
year: 2007
semester: Spring
description: "2D Fighter smoother than butter.
Dreamscape is a fresh take on a classic genre, the 2D fighter, set in a restless world of imagination created by the collective dreaming of every living thing on earth. The King Dreamer of this world is going into retirement, so a new king must be found! Play as the King Dreamer, Shaktool Fremont, and his would be successors: a collection of characters including squid ladies, school girls, and a foetus controlled robot (?!)."
tags: Windows Multiplayer
# tag options: "Windows", "Mac", "Linux",
# "Singleplayer", "Multiplayer",
# "Controller-Compatible", "VR",
# "Game-Jam"
project_members: {
Adam Lederer: Music Composition,
CJ Hostetter: Character Design,
Eric Butler: Animation,
Eric Foote: Animation,
Erin McCarty: "Animation, Character Design",
Greg Peng: "Game Direction, Lead Design",
John Nesky: Animation and Art Lead,
Matthew Glisson: "Animation, Character Design",
Stelios Melachrinoudis: SFX Art,
Tom Cauchois: Engineering Lead,
Yang Shan: "Character Portrait Art, Character Design"
}
stage_game_path: dreamscape/
builds: {
Windows: dreamscape-2.0.win32.zip
}
thumbnail: dreamscape-1.jpg
top-img: dreamscape-1.jpg
screenshots: [
dreamscape-1.jpg,
dreamscape-2.png
]
# Optional
awards: [
GCS Gold Award
]
top-img-fit: cover
# top-img-fit options:
# "cover" - Cover the entire top area with the image, without squashing/stretching
# "fill" - Fit the FULL image into the top area, squashing/stretching as necessary
---


Library: Input/output
Predefined stream that controls output to a stream buffer associated with the object stdout declared in <cstdio>
#include <iostream> namespace std { extern ostream cout; }
The object cout controls output to a stream buffer associated with the object stdout declared in <cstdio>. By default the standard C and C++ streams are synchronized, but performance improvement can be achieved by using the ios_base member function synch_with_stdio to desynchronize them.
After the object cin is initialized, cin.tie() returns &cout, which implies that cin and cout are synchronized.
The formatting is done through member functions or manipulators.
| Manipulators | Member functions |
showpos |
setf(ios_base::showpos) |
noshowpos |
unsetf(ios_base::showpos) |
showbase |
setf(ios_base::showbase) |
noshowbase |
unsetf(ios_base::showbase) |
uppercase |
setf(ios_base::uppercase) |
nouppercase |
unsetf(ios_base::uppercase) |
showpoint |
setf(ios_base::showpoint) |
noshowpoint |
unsetf(ios_base::showpoint) |
boolalpha |
setf(ios_base::boolalpha) |
noboolalpha |
unsetf(ios_base::boolalpha) |
unitbuf |
setf(ios_base::unitbuf) |
nounitbuf |
unsetf(ios_base::unitbuf) |
internal |
setf(ios_base::internal, ios_base::adjustfield) |
left |
setf(ios_base::left, ios_base::adjustfield) |
right |
setf(ios_base::right, ios_base::adjustfield) |
dec |
setf(ios_base::dec, ios_base::basefield) |
hex |
setf(ios_base::hex, ios_base::basefield) |
oct |
setf(ios_base::oct, ios_base::basefield) |
fixed |
setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield) |
scientific |
setf(ios_base::scientific, ios_base::floatfield) |
resetiosflags (ios_base::fmtflags flag) |
setf(0,flag) |
setiosflags (ios_base::fmtflags flag) |
setf(flag) |
setbase(int base) |
see above |
setfill(char_type c) |
fill(c) |
setprecision(int n) |
precision(n) |
setw(int n) |
width(n) |
endl |
|
ends |
|
flush |
flush( ) |
showpos |
Generates a + sign in non-negative generated numeric output. |
showbase |
Generates a prefix indicating the numeric base of generated integer output |
uppercase |
Replaces certain lowercase letters with their uppercase equivalents in generated output |
showpoint |
Generates a decimal-point character unconditionally in generated floating-point output |
boolalpha |
Inserts and extracts bool type in alphabetic format |
unitbuf |
Flushes output after each output operation |
internal |
Adds fill characters at a designated internal point in certain generated output. If no such point is designated, it's identical to right. |
left |
Adds fill characters on the right (final positions) of certain generated output |
right |
Adds fill characters on the left (initial positions) of certain generated output |
dec |
Converts integer input or generates integer output in decimal base |
hex |
Converts integer input or generates integer output in hexadecimal base |
oct |
Converts integer input or generates integer output in octal base |
fixed |
Generates floating-point output in fixed-point notation |
scientific |
Generates floating-point output in scientific notation |
resetiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags flag) |
Resets the fmtflags field flag |
setiosflags(ios_base::fmtflags flag) |
Sets up the flag flag |
setbase(int base) |
Converts integer input or generates integer output in base base. The parameter base can be 8, 10 or 16. |
setfill(char_type c) |
Sets the character used to pad (fill) an output conversion to the specified field width |
setprecision(int n) |
Sets the precision (number of digits after the decimal point) to generate on certain output conversions |
setw(int n) |
Sets the field width (number of characters) to generate on certain output conversions |
endl |
Inserts a newline character into the output sequence and flushes the output buffer |
ends |
Inserts a null character into the output sequence |
flush |
Flushes the output buffer |
precision() 6 width() 0 fill() the space character flags() skipws | dec getloc() locale::locale()
Keep in mind that while the manipulator endl flushes the stream buffer, outputting the character '\n' is not guaranteed to flush the stream buffer. You should output the '\n' character without endl only if you do not need the buffer flushed. Note that outputting the '\n' character in such cases, and hence not forcing a buffer flush, may result in a performance improvement. It greatly improves performance when C and C++ streams are not synchronized.
basic_ostream, basic_iostream, basic_filebuf, cin, cerr, clog, wcin, wcout, wcerr, wclog
ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems --Programming Language C++, Section 27.3.1


--- layout: default page_id: home ---
Always write code with the knowledge that others will be reading it now and in the future:
errorType
makes a hell of a lot more sense than et
.When you write code with a team, simple beats clever, every time. If your clever trick requires an explanatory comment that is longer than the code itself, consider simplifying it so it’s easier to read, understand, and maintain.
Set your editor to the following settings to avoid common code inconsistencies and dirty diffs:
Consider documenting and applying these preferences to your project's .editorconfig
file. For an example, see the one in Bootstrap. Learn more about EditorConfig.
The rules in this guide, once agreed upon by your team, can and should be referred to and cited in code reviews.
Also consider setting up code linters in your test suite to enforce these standards, to reduce the pain of instilling good citizenship and keeping the code clean.


Game ID Game Date
Home Team Name Home Score Away Team Name Away Score
Team Name
League Name
Game ID Date Home Team Away Team


{{ key }}
-
{% for x in values %}
{{ x.name }}
{% endfor %}
{% load static %}
I'm trying to organize some of my recipes and you'll soon have access to all of them!
Hey there, so I'm working on compiling all my usual recipes into one site. I got tired of going through different bookmarks in different sites and wanted them all in a single colleciton so now they're here. I'm working to enable more features beyond manually adding recipes one by one. I'll create some tools to allow you to pull most of a recipe from verious popular sites with minimal editing.


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SERVICES
Custom development
What is custom software? Custom software is also known as custom software. The customized software is one that has been developed for a specific user or organization, based on the needs of the users who will use the application and complying with specific characteristics. The administrative software allows you to easily manage merchandise entries and exits as well as the accounting process that implies, in a simple and intuitive way.
OFFERS PRODUCTIVE SOLUTIONS
SERVICES
Sesicomp Group is a company dedicated to helping our clients achieve their objectives in the field of information technology.
We have more than 20 years of experience in the development of information systems in the following areas of knowledge:
Development of custom software
Artificial intelligence
Internet of Things (IoT)
What we offer is the development of custom and the outsourcing of the languages we work with are:
- PHP
- .NET
- Spring
- Java
- Vaadin
Operating systems: Linux and Windows Mobile platforms: iOS, Android and Windows Phone DBMS: Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, Informix, DB2 and Interbase.
Please do not hesitate to contact us about any project you might want to consider the possibility that we could be of your help to achieve it
About us
We are a group of companies dedicated to the information technology industry in the States of: Querétaro, Distrito Federal, Guerrero and Monterrey with more than 25 years of experience in The national and international market.
Having as main business verticals:
MISSION
Provide the best information technology service, with the best products, offering a better cost / benefit ratio, trying to increase their competitiveness, innovation and continuous improvement, always being the customer satisfaction our main objective.
VISION
To be a service provider of T.I. that seeks through training and continuous improvement, offer services that provide solutions and updated information that benefits the companies in the sector
Values
HONESTY
Respect, care and make proper and rational use of all values and technical, material, economic and informational resources, demonstrate respect for others, cordiality, harmony, acceptance inside and outside our company.
QUALITY
In search of the best quality of the products and services we offer, we implement the quality models that guarantee our software engineering services such as Moprosoft Level 2, ISO 20000 (Quality of IT Services), PMP project management, Certification of structured cabling for data and voice networks, certification in software technologies such as Oracle, Java .net, PPS, etc.
COMMITMENT
With our clients, by providing quality service, act with availability, conviction and delivery in fulfilling our obligations.
INNOVATION
It is preponderant in our daily activities, always offering the best avant-garde alternatives with the most up-to-date technologies, to transfer a value-added product to the customer.
RESPONSIBILITY
Truthful and timely delivery of each of our activities.


01 Apr 2014
After installing nginx web server I managed to make it work with hhvm. Further more SugarCRM works just fine in this configuration except for some errors on some pages. I wasn’t able to run it under apache, my app server is Arch Linux since apache 2.4.7 gives HipHop notice of file not found. It was able under ubuntu as in one of my previous posts but the app wasn’t working properly. So now with nginx I got my luck to try some results for SugarCRM.
Continue reading...
23 Feb 2014
HHVM, facebook hiphop virtual machine gets a lot of popularity recently due to good performance results. There are some benchmarks made by people showing how good hhvm is as a result of non-blocking I/O and better caching. It is also result of hiphop bytecode, the caching mahanism that is implement that translates eventually everything to c++ but in this case hhvm goes one step further instead of just keeping the php scripts in memory as apc does.
Continue reading...
27 Nov 2013
Part I: Installation of VMWare Workstation
Continue reading...
27 Nov 2013
Tests are performed on CentOS VM with 4GB RAM. I am running 10 queries from application w/o binding parameters in the sql statements in order to verify if i would get less time for bind rather than without. It turns out i am not getting much performance gain using the sql example and data set below.
Continue reading...
27 Nov 2013
Graphics show the results I got from measuring response time using mysql and mongo with php yii framework. First I took Yii so I could get an environment up and running quickly and concentrate on the results. I inserted 110000 records in both databases and did simple selects to print data out. I print out 6 sqls with measuring time for each of them with incrementing the total.
Continue reading...


THtmlViewer, TFrameViewer, and TFrameBrowser components
property ImageCacheCount: Integer;
To save time in reloading HTML files with images, image caching may be used to save images already loaded. The ImageCacheCount property determines the extent to which this is done.
With an ImageCacheCount of 5, for instance, images will be saved through 5 document reloads. If the image is not used during that period, it will be dropped from the cache. However, anytime an image is used, the count is reset to zero and it will remain for 5 more reloads.
The default value for ImageCacheCount is 5. A value of 0 indicates no caching. The cache may be flushed by setting the count to 0 temporarily and then resetting it to the desired value.
Since image storage can use a lot of memory, care should be taken not to overdo the amount of caching.


start your local web server
Mac OS X: Apple menu > System preferences > Sharing > Web sharing
copy the test.cgi into the cgi-directory
Mac OS X: /Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/
copy this html page into your http directory
Mac OS X: <user_directory>/Sites
retrieve this page via http from your web server
Mac OS X: http:localhost/~<your_user_name>/test.cgi.html
now the forms below should call the test.cgi script to generate a test page.


|
Home ~ Scale Models ~ Architectural Models ~ Slide Show
Engineering Models
Diana at Auxilliary Unit
Lorem ipsum, quia dolor sit, amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur? Nuclear Power PlantInner Enclosure of Reactor 1 Inner Enclosure of Reactor 2 Reactor 1 Reactor 2 Portion of Auxiliary Unit Outer Enclosure of Reactor
Fossil Fuel Plant
Fossil Fuel Plant 1 Fossil Fuel Plant 2
Study for Overhead CraneStudy for Overhead Crane 1 Study for Overhead Crane 2
Mining and Metallurgical PlantMining and Metallurgical Plant 1 Mining and Metallurgical Plant 2
Orthene ExpansionOrthene Expansion 1 Orthene Expansion 2 Orthene Expansion 3
Diana at Auxilliary Unit2
Home ~ Scale Models ~ Architectural Models ~ Slide Show
|


--- title: "Default" description: |
The SVG pagination is a evolution component. It is only supported in IE 11+, Firefox 51+, Chrome 49+, Safari 10+ and Opera 43+. It use SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) to display the current selectedpagination. We use an unordered list to display pagination. It contains the basic style with `evo_c-svg-dot--default` class and each type will have its own specific style, such as `evo_c-svg-dot--cross`. Each `li` contains the `svg` tag to display the specific selected type and `a` tag is used to display the round dot. The selected style is triggered by some JS code. When you click the dot, it will add `is-active` class to that `li` tag, then the specific `svg` tag will change style.
You can easily use this component in your next project by using the following HTML code (along with the JavaScript code) as a base.
author: Yerui Yu category: evolution type: SVG pagination order: 1 ---


The only data that gets saved is image data which is uploaded to the Imgur website. As such, the user should review the Imgur Privacy Policy as well. This image data is not transmitted to any server after posting on Imgur. Realize that all image data uploaded using Gallery Hangout app can be viewed publicly by anyone should they have the URL to the image.
In addition to Imgur's privacy policy, the user should also review the Google+ Privacy Policy to see what potential data may be collected by Google.


ST_CONNECT_ 56 ssrp.c { stHdlConnect_, ST_CONNECT_ }, ST_CONNECT_ 105 ssrp.c return (current_state_ == ST_CONNECT_) ? _TRUE: _FALSE; ST_CONNECT_ 178 ssrp_skel.c current_state_ = ST_CONNECT_;


Before
Diagram DecoratorPattern +dynamic {
[@76,30]
interface Component {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@76,128]
class RealComponent : Component {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@208,118]
class Decorator : Component +abstract {
Attribute aComponent : Component +private;
Operation doSomething;
}
association x {
role decorator : Decorator +composite;
role decorated : Component +navigable;
}
[@175,222]
class RealDecoratorA : Decorator {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@295,222]
class RealDecoratorB : Decorator {
Operation doSomething;
}
dependency d {
supplier sup : Decorator;
client cl : RealDecoratorB;
}
}
|
After
Diagram DecoratorPattern +dynamic {
[@76,30]
interface Component {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@76,128]
class RealComponent : Component {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@208,118]
class Decorator : Component +abstract {
Attribute aComponent : Component +private;
Operation doSomething;
}
[@corner:nne-e] association x {
role decorator : Decorator +composite;
role decorated : Component +navigable;
}
[@175,222]
class RealDecoratorA : Decorator {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@295,222]
class RealDecoratorB : Decorator {
Operation doSomething;
}
[@corner:nne-e]
dependency d {
supplier sup : Decorator;
client cl : RealDecoratorB;
}
}
|


{% import 'components/samples/charts.html' as samples %}
A line chart is a way of plotting data points on a line. Often, it is used to show trend data, or the comparison of two data sets.
An area chart or area graph displays graphically quantitative data. It is based on the line chart.
Excellent at showing the relational proportions between data.
A bar chart provides a way of showing data values represented as vertical bars. It is sometimes used to show trend data, and the comparison of multiple data sets side by side.
Easily toggle an additional set of data with a simple interface based on the data
attributes.
A radar chart provides a way of showing multiple data points and the variation between them. They are often useful for comparing the points of two or more different data sets.


- Runs: 3 / 5
- ✘Errors: 1
- ✘Failures: 1
Module A
- ✔test10 (1ms)
- ✔test11 (2ms)
Module B
- ✔test20 (3ms)
Module E
- ✘test50
(4ms)
An exception was thrown!
Module F
- ✘test60
(5ms)
expected: 5, actual: 'six'
An exception was thrown!
expected: 5, actual: 'six'


BS/MS in CS, or equivalent. Additional Certifications in the relevant fields preferred.
4+ years of professional development experience. Work experience for a US client would be an added advantage.
Minimum of 3 years hands on experience in the development of mobile applications and solutions.
Experience with iOS platform (apps for iPhone and iPad) is a MUST.
Experience with developing native Applications using Objective-C, Xcode, Cocoa Touch.
Should have strong understanding of major iOS Design & Development paradigms spanning User Experience (native, HTML 5/Webkit), data ingestion, Story Boards, Web Analytics, Web Services and REST.
Candidate must have independently designed and developed mobile applications.
Candidate should be familiar with and articulate the differences and trade-offs between competing mobile platforms such as Android, Windows mobile, RIM, BlackBerry, iPhone, IPad or Symbian.
Experience on backend technologies like SQLite, Core Data.
Experience with HTML5, JQuery Mobile, PhoneGap or Appcelerator is a plus.
Should have excellent communication, client interaction and interpersonal Skills.
Any exposure on Swift, Kony, Xamarin will be an additional advantage.
Requirement (iOS / Android / Mobility Architect)
BS/MS in CS, or equivalent. Additional Certifications in the relevant fields preferred.
10+ years of software development experience.
5+ years of Enterprise level Architecture Experience.
4+ years hands on application development and architecture experience with iOS, Android, Windows Mobile or BlackBerry.
4+ years of experience with Objective-C, C#, C++, or Java in an Enterprise Environment.
Expert knowledge on one of the following Objective-C or Android SDK in Java environment.
Proficient in fundamentals of object-oriented design, data structures, algorithm design, problem solving, and complexity analysis.
Experience on backend technologies like SQLite or Core Data.
Exposure / knowledge on Swift, Kony, Xamarin, PhoneGap, Storyboards, Web Services.
Experience working in an Agile environment.
Experience working with Ajax, HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript is a plus.
Requirement (Android Lead / Developer)
BS/MS in CS, or equivalent. Additional Certifications in the relevant fields preferred.
4+ years of professional development experience, preferably with US clients.
3+ years of Java development experience
3+ Years of experience building mobile applications within the Android platform.
Experience with Android Toolkit and Frameworks is a MUST.
Candidate should be familiar with and articulate the differences and trade-offs between competing mobile platforms such as Android, Windows mobile, RIM, BlackBerry, iPhone, iPad or Symbian.
Have in-depth and hands-on knowledge of Web 2.0 strategies. Including Experience designing and building UI components.
Candidate must have independently designed and developed mobile applications.
Familiar with server side technologies using Java and understanding of web programming.
Experience working with one of the following platforms; phone gap, Appcelerator or monotouch.
Should have excellent communication, client interaction and interpersonal Skills.
Experience on backend technologies like SQLite.
Exposure / knowledge on Kony, PhoneGap, Xamarin.
Requirement (Android Lead / Developer)
BS/MS in CS, or equivalent. Additional Certifications in the relevant fields preferred.
4+ years of professional development experience, preferably with US clients.
3+ years of Java development experience
3+ Years of experience building mobile applications within the Android platform.
Experience with Android Toolkit and Frameworks is a MUST.
Candidate should be familiar with and articulate the differences and trade-offs between competing mobile platforms such as Android, Windows mobile, RIM, BlackBerry, iPhone, iPad or Symbian.
Have in-depth and hands-on knowledge of Web 2.0 strategies. Including Experience designing and building UI components.
Candidate must have independently designed and developed mobile applications.
Familiar with server side technologies using Java and understanding of web programming.
Experience working with one of the following platforms; phone gap, Appcelerator or monotouch.
Should have excellent communication, client interaction and interpersonal Skills.


CD-READ
Section: User Commands (1)Updated: August 2010
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
cd-read - manual page for cd-read version 0.81SYNOPSIS
cd-read OPTION...- Reads Information from a CD or CD-image.
DESCRIPTION
- -a, --access-mode=STRING
- Set CD control access mode
- -m, --mode=MODE-TYPE
- set CD-ROM read mode (audio, auto, m1f1, m1f2, m2mf1, m2f2)
- -d, --debug=INT
- Set debugging to LEVEL
- -x, --hexdump
- Show output as a hex dump. The default is a hex dump when output goes to stdout and no hex dump when output is to a file.
- -j, --just-hex
- Don't display printable chars on hex dump. The default is print chars too.
- --no-header
- Don't display header and copyright (for regression testing)
- --no-hexdump
- Don't show output as a hex dump.
- -s, --start=INT
- Set LBA to start reading from
- -e, --end=INT
- Set LBA to end reading from
- -n, --number=INT
- Set number of sectors to read
- -b, --bin-file[=FILE]
- set "bin" CD-ROM disk image file as source
- -c, --cue-file[=FILE]
- set "cue" CD-ROM disk image file as source
- -i, --input[=FILE]
- set source and determine if "bin" image or device
- -C, --cdrom-device[=DEVICE]
- set CD-ROM device as source
- -N, --nrg-file[=FILE]
- set Nero CD-ROM disk image file as source
- -t, --toc-file[=FILE]
- set "TOC" CD-ROM disk image file as source
- -o, --output-file=FILE
- Output blocks to file rather than give a hexdump.
- -V, --version
- display version and copyright information and exit
Help options:
- -?, --help
- Show this help message
- --usage
- Display brief usage message
AUTHOR
Rocky Bernstein<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 R. BernsteinThis is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Have driver: GNU/Linux ioctl and MMC driver Have driver: cdrdao (TOC) disk image driver Have driver: bin/cuesheet disk image driver Have driver: Nero NRG disk image driver No CD-ROM device found.
SEE ALSO
cd-info(1) for information about a CD; cd-drive(1) for CD-ROM characteristics; iso-read(1) for information about an ISO-9660 image.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:02 GMT, December 24, 2015


{% extends "base.html" %} {% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %} {% import "bootstrap/fixes.html" as fixes %} {% import "bootstrap/utils.html" as util %} {% import "macros.html" as pbw %} {% block title %}Omic {{ omic.id }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{ omic.description }}


MPI_SCAN( sendbuf, recvbuf, count, datatype, op, comm )
[ IN sendbuf] starting address of send buffer (choice)
[ OUT recvbuf] starting address of receive buffer (choice)
[ IN count] number of elements in input buffer (integer)
[ IN datatype] data type of elements of input buffer (handle)
[ IN op] operation (handle)
[ IN comm] communicator (handle)
int MPI_Scan(void* sendbuf, void* recvbuf, int count, MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Op op, MPI_Comm comm )
MPI_SCAN(SENDBUF, RECVBUF, COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR)
<type> SENDBUF(*), RECVBUF(*)
INTEGER COUNT, DATATYPE, OP, COMM, IERROR
MPI_SCAN is used to perform a prefix reduction on data distributed across the group. The operation returns, in the receive buffer of the process with rank i, the reduction of the values in the send buffers of processes with ranks 0,...,i (inclusive). The type of operations supported, their semantics, and the constraints on send and receive buffers are as for MPI_REDUCE.
[] Rationale.
We have defined an inclusive scan, that is, the prefix reduction on
process i includes the data from process i. An alternative
is to define scan in an exclusive manner, where the result on i
only includes data up to i-1. Both definitions are useful.
The latter has some advantages:
the inclusive scan can always be computed from the exclusive scan with
no additional communication; for non-invertible operations
such as max and min, communication is required to compute
the exclusive scan from the inclusive scan.
There
is, however, a complication with exclusive scan since one must define the
``unit'' element for the reduction in this case. That is, one must
explicitly say what occurs for process 0. This was thought to
be complex for user-defined operations and hence, the exclusive scan
was dropped.
( End of rationale.)


Wendy Wasserstein's screenplay of *The Object of My Affection* has borne out good movie. It's based upon Stephen MacCauley's novel of the same name--one of my all-time favorites. The two works are, however, mutually exclusive.
George Hansen (Paul Rudd) and Nina Barowski (Jennifer Aniston) are introduced awkwardly at a dinner party, when George's lover Joley (Tim Daly) breaks up with George via Nina. George discovers they have broken up when Nina offers him a place to stay in her Brooklyn apartment. Luckily, they soon become fast friends and actually get along much better with each other than they do their respective mates.
When Nina becomes pregnant by the overbearing Vince (John Pankow), she ultimately decides she would rather have George raise the baby with her. What ensues is a struggle for George--wanting some form of fatherhood or a life of his own.
Some people might object to the theme of the woman who goes over the unobtainable man because it's safer than facing her own issues (a la My Best Friend's Wedding). But, Nina comes to her own conclusions, and finds a way to be happy. There is also the overused device of ending the film in the future, and equalizing all the characters with fairy-tale happy endings.
Expecting the movie to be completely awful, based on advance press and Wendy Wasserstein's admission that the George character was "a lump" and that she decided to play up the Nina story more, I was pleasantly surprised. Wasserstein's screenplay is both funny and touching, and the performances by Rudd and Aniston save this film from being a complete flop. In fact, Aniston's performance here alone was enough to win me as a fan. She's quite endearing.
The supporting cast is also good: Tim Daly excels as the narcissistic Joley; Allison Janney as Nina's stepsister Connie and Alan Alda as Connie's husband do not overdo their comic roles. In fact, this is one of the first times I have not wanted to see Ald a shot to death on film (which he finally was in *Murder at 1600*). Nigel Hawthorne plays the older drama critic who points out to Nina, "What happens when all these homosexual men at your dinner table leave you for other men?" It's a nice change from the "lonely gay man" image.
The weakest member of the cast is Amo Gulinello as Paul. It's hard to see why he and George get together and fall in love. It's pretty clear that he is only there to accentuate to Nina that George might not be hopeless devoted to her for long, as she grows very jealous.
One frustration with this adaptation is that George was meant to be a lump--not a stud. There is little of MacCauley's sensibilities left in this story. Paul Rudd is one of the cutest actors alive, and he can also act. It's not difficult to see why both men and women would want to rope him in. He is actually cuter than most of the men Nina goes out with; why wouldn't she fall for him? It might have been more poignant of she fell for a man who was both gay and not absolutely stunning; Paul Rudd is the latter.
Some of the best scenes are the ones in which Nina and George take dancing lessons. It showed both their growing fondness for one another, as well the passing seasons. Unfortunately, an otherwise funny and touching movie experience is marred by two very poor editing mistakes. One occurs when George and Paul go swimming, and the other is when we finally see Nina's baby born. It is obvious some last-minute editing was going on, and there is no excuse for such blunder in this day and age.
Bottom line: If you feel you must choose, read the book. You will probably laugh a lot more at the self-deprecating humor of George.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


BMI Calculator
Enter Your Height and Weight (in Metric) to Calculate Your BMI
Height in Centimeters:
*
Weight in Kilograms:
*
Your BMI is:
Category:


Heartland deputy injured in crash
by ASSOCIATED PRESSMIDDLETOWN, Iowa — (AP) - A Des Moines County sheriff's office deputy has been injured when his car collided with a truck hauling a trailer.
The Iowa Department of Public Safety says 51-year-old Lt. Clinton Williams was injured in the crash Monday on Highway 79 between Middletown and Lake Geode.
The crash happened about 12:15 p.m. when an eastbound car driven by Williams crossed into the westbound lane and collided with a truck pulling a grain trailer. The truck driver wasn't injured.
Williams was flown to a hospital at the University of Iowa.


Tropos
No dew points or ads.
Only weather information you can act on.
Coming soon.
Notify Me
An iPhone with the Tropos app open. The app locates the phone to Boston and says “It”s warmer tonight than last night.”
Sign up so that we can let you know when we launch.
Full Name
Email Address


Play: General Facts
HP MIDIFILE offers functions to play MIDI events of the actual MIDI-file session on all
MIDI output devices of the soundcard. The first action is to find out the right MIDI device ID.
The function HP_GetMIDIDevices creates a list of all ID's together with its names. After this
the wanted device must be set with the function HP_SelectMIDIDevice, which is selected global for
all MIDI-file sessions. If you want to select the Microsoft MIDI-Mapper always, you need not
to use these function; the inital ID is connected to this device.
The function HP_Play plays all or all selected MIDI events of a MIDI-file session. If the selection does
starts with time > 0; the user can specify, that all SysEx-, Controller- and Program-Change-events
of earlier times will be send before in order to get the correct voice-effects.
HP_Play does not send any System-Common-Events like MIDI Start, MIDI Clock or MIDI Stop to synchronise
a slave MIDI device.
It is not possible, to finish a MIDI-file session with HP_Free, if a play is still
running.
HP MIDIFILE applies the functions of the "Platform SDK: Windows Multimedia"
and the timer of the IReferenceClock Interface.
HP MIDIFILE offers an interface for monitoring takt and beat, lyrics and YAMAHA chords while playing.


Definitions of “inherently governmental activity” and other terms applicable to this subpart are set forth at Attachment D of the Office of Management and Budget Circular No. A-76 (Revised), Performance of Commercial Activities, dated May 29, 2003 (the Circular).
(a) The Circular provides that it is the policy of the Government to—
(1) Perform inherently governmental activities with Government personnel; and
(2) Subject commercial activities to the forces of competition.
(b) As provided in the Circular, agencies shall—
(1) Not use contractors to perform inherently governmental activities;
(2) Conduct public-private competitions in accordance with the provisions of the Circular and, as applicable, these regulations;
(3) Give appropriate consideration relative to cost when making performance decisions between agency and contractor performance in public-private competitions;
(4) Consider the Agency Tender Official an interested party in accordance with 31 U.S.C. 3551 to 3553 for purposes of filing a protest at the Government Accountability Office; and
(5) Hear contests in accordance with OMB Circular A-76, Attachment B, Paragraph F.
(c) When using sealed bidding in public-private competitions under OMB Circular A-76, contracting officers shall not hold discussions to correct deficiencies.
(a) The contracting officer shall, when soliciting offers and tenders, insert in solicitations issued for standard competitions the provision at 52.207-1, Notice of Standard Competition.
(b) The contracting officer shall, when soliciting offers, insert in solicitations issued for streamlined competitions the provision at 52.207-2, Notice of Streamlined Competition.
(c) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.207-3, Right of First Refusal of Employment, in all solicitations which may result in a conversion from in-house performance to contract performance of work currently being performed by the Government and in contracts that result from the solicitations, whether or not a public-private competition is conducted. The 10-day period in the clause may be varied by the contracting officer up to a period of 90 days.


|
SSD1306 OLED display driver
1.4.6
This library is developed to control SSD1306/SSD1331 RGB i2c/spi OLED displays and spi PCD8544 LED display
|
Functions | |
| void | pcd8544_84x48_init () |
| Inits 84x48 LED display (based on PCD8544 controller). More... | |
| void | pcd8544_84x48_spi_init (int8_t rstPin, int8_t cesPin, int8_t dcPin) |
| void | sh1106_128x64_init () |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SH1106 controller). More... | |
| void | sh1106_128x64_i2c_init () |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SH1106 controller). More... | |
| void | sh1106_128x64_spi_init (int8_t rstPin, int8_t cesPin, int8_t dcPin) |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SH1106 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_128x32_i2c_init () |
| Inits 128x32 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_128x32_init () |
| Inits 128x32 OLED display (based on ssd1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_128x64_init () |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SSD1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_128x64_i2c_init () |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_128x64_spi_init (int8_t rstPin, int8_t cesPin, int8_t dcPin) |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SSD1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_init () __attribute__((deprecated)) |
| Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1331_96x64_init () |
| Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display (based on SSD1331 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1331_96x64_spi_init (int8_t rstPin, int8_t cesPin, int8_t dcPin) |
| Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display over spi (based on SSD1331 controller). More... | |
| void | ssd1306_displayOff () |
| void | ssd1306_displayOn () |
| void | ssd1306_setContrast (uint8_t contrast) |
| void | ssd1306_invertMode () |
| void | ssd1306_normalMode () |
| uint8_t | ssd1306_displayHeight () |
| uint8_t | ssd1306_displayWidth () |
| void pcd8544_84x48_init | ( | ) |
Inits 84x48 LED display (based on PCD8544 controller).
Inits 84x48 LED display (based on PCD8544 controller). User must init communication interface (i2c, spi) prior to calling this function.
Definition at line 71 of file pcd8544_84x48.c.
| void pcd8544_84x48_spi_init | ( | int8_t | rstPin, |
| int8_t | cesPin, | ||
| int8_t | dcPin | ||
| ) |
Inits 84x48 LED display over spi (based on PCD8544 controller)
| rstPin | - pin controlling LCD reset (-1 if not used) |
| cesPin | - chip enable pin to LCD slave (-1 if not used) |
| dcPin | - data/command pin to control LCD dc (required) |
Definition at line 87 of file pcd8544_84x48.c.
| void sh1106_128x64_i2c_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SH1106 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SH1106 controller) This function uses hardcoded pins for i2c communication, depending on your hardware. If you use non-standard pins in your project, please perform call ssd1306_i2cInitEx() and sh1106_128x64_init().
Definition at line 88 of file sh1106_128x64.c.
| void sh1106_128x64_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SH1106 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SH1106 controller). User must init communication interface (i2c or spi) prior to calling this function.
Definition at line 74 of file sh1106_128x64.c.
| void sh1106_128x64_spi_init | ( | int8_t | rstPin, |
| int8_t | cesPin, | ||
| int8_t | dcPin | ||
| ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SH1106 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SH1106 controller)
| rstPin | - pin controlling LCD reset (-1 if not used) |
| cesPin | - chip enable pin to LCD slave (-1 if not used) |
| dcPin | - data/command pin to control LCD dc (required) |
Definition at line 94 of file sh1106_128x64.c.
| void ssd1306_128x32_i2c_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x32 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller).
Inits 128x32 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller) This function uses hardcoded pins for i2c communication, depending on your hardware. If you use non-standard pins in your project, please perform call ssd1306_i2cInitEx() and ssd1306_128x32_init().
Definition at line 99 of file ssd1306_128x32.c.
| void ssd1306_128x32_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x32 OLED display (based on ssd1306 controller).
Inits 128x32 OLED display (based on ssd1306 controller) spi or i2c bus must be initialized prior to calling this function.
Definition at line 84 of file ssd1306_128x32.c.
| void ssd1306_128x64_i2c_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller) This function uses hardcoded pins for i2c communication, depending on your hardware. If you use non-standard pins in your project, please perform call ssd1306_i2cInitEx() and ssd1306_128x64_init().
Definition at line 104 of file ssd1306_128x64.c.
| void ssd1306_128x64_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SSD1306 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display (based on SSD1306 controller). User must init communication interface (i2c, spi) prior to calling this function.
Definition at line 90 of file ssd1306_128x64.c.
| void ssd1306_128x64_spi_init | ( | int8_t | rstPin, |
| int8_t | cesPin, | ||
| int8_t | dcPin | ||
| ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SSD1306 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display over spi (based on SSD1306 controller)
| rstPin | - pin controlling LCD reset (-1 if not used) |
| cesPin | - chip enable pin to LCD slave (-1 if not used) |
| dcPin | - data/command pin to control LCD dc (required) |
Definition at line 110 of file ssd1306_128x64.c.
| uint8_t ssd1306_displayHeight | ( | ) |
| uint8_t ssd1306_displayWidth | ( | ) |
| void ssd1306_init | ( | ) |
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller).
Inits 128x64 OLED display over i2c (based on SSD1306 controller) This function uses hardcoded pins for i2c communication, depending on your hardware. If you use non-standard pins in your project, please perform call ssd1306_i2cInitEx() and ssd1306_128x64_init().
Definition at line 84 of file ssd1306_128x64.c.
| void ssd1306_invertMode | ( | ) |
| void ssd1306_normalMode | ( | ) |
| void ssd1306_setContrast | ( | uint8_t | contrast | ) |
| void ssd1331_96x64_init | ( | ) |
Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display (based on SSD1331 controller).
Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display (based on SSD1331 controller). User must init communication interface (i2c, spi) prior to calling this function.
Definition at line 108 of file ssd1331_96x64.c.
| void ssd1331_96x64_spi_init | ( | int8_t | rstPin, |
| int8_t | cesPin, | ||
| int8_t | dcPin | ||
| ) |
Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display over spi (based on SSD1331 controller).
Inits 96x64 RGB OLED display over spi (based on SSD1331 controller)
| rstPin | - pin controlling LCD reset (-1 if not used) |
| cesPin | - chip enable pin to LCD slave (-1 if not used) |
| dcPin | - data/command pin to control LCD dc (required) |
Definition at line 122 of file ssd1331_96x64.c.


House Members & Officers
Balzano
Hannah is a member of the class of 2013, earning a BS in brain and cognitive sciences and a BA in psychology.  In her spare time, she enjoys horseback riding, writing, drawing, and is on the club water polo team. When she is older/better financed, she endeavors to rescue as many animals as possible.
I only have three toes and I live in an aquatic marble cake.
Hannah Bazarian
Betley (Scheduling Officer)
Breeding
Chinelli (Financial Officer)
Eric Cohen (Logistics Officer)
Cassandra Donatelli
Major: Officially-CS + a million and a half minors, In Reality-I'm creating my own major
Stuff I Do: Work in the Biochemistry department of Strong and in the HLP lab in the dungeon of Meliora Hall, lights and stage management for Todd, D-house, Class all day and homework late into the night, sometimes I sleep ... it's exciting
A description of the Technicall Officer position can be found here.
Cassandra Donatelli (Technical Officer)
Hayden Ford is currently a Sophmore attending Harvard University, although he takes classes at, lives at and will graduate from the University of Rochester. He loves foreign things in general. He will probably be majoring in History and and minoring in Journalism, but as he often says: "Who knows." He never cracks a smile, unless of course he is happy. His name in Romanian is probably just "Hayden.".
A description of the House Secretary position can be found here.
Hayden Ford (House Secretary)
Jimenez
Kim
Lascell
Liu
Marks
Not to be confused with the Logisitics Officer.
Mayor
Soon everything will be updated.
McCarthy
Ben Mitchell is a part robot. It(he) is a Math and Business major with minors in Computer Science and Psychology. He is also an afficianado of digital art, who loves to capture the true identity of his subjects. In order to immerse himself with the human race he infiltrates many groups on campus such as dodgeball, cinema, and security.
Ben Mitchell (Website Administrator)
Not to be confused with Chandler.
Moran
Hailing from San Jose, CA William Vezinaw finds upstate New York unfamiliar and unsettling. Finding him on a bad day will result in bites. An actor from a rich preforming background he currently spends all his time learning or working in Hutch trying to earn his BS in Molecular Genetics. William also is a DJ for WRUR's The Sting and wants to spend more time Urban Exploring.

William Vezinaw (Historian)
Last but not least.
Young-Ward
Will be updated as soon as more Bios come in!


$def with (token) $:{RENDER("common/stage_title.html", ["Get Confirmation Link", "Administrator Control Panel", "/admincontrol"])}
https://www.weasyl.com/verify/account?token=${token}


Bringing the video game experience to real life
American Company - American Made
Located in Lewsiville, Texas
15 years of laser tag experience
Started in mobile laser tag
Locally Manufactured over 20,000 guns
Supplied over 2,000 locations
We Live and Breath Laser Tag
Not only for the players but the operators too
| Durability | High Through-put |
| Fast ROI | Modular |
| Plug and Play | Ease of Operation |
operator... not player
People still use our first taggers 16 years later
Designed with common sense in mind
Keep guns on field, not in the armory
Change settings within secoonds
Swiss army knife of taggers
Authentic sights
Real grips and stocks
Military cool factor
Domination Box
Game Boxes
Delta Box
King of the hill on steroids
DMX lighting connections
Runs native with American DJ
Compatible with any DMX brand
Different Game Modes
Interactive zombies with a twist
Defend your base against another team
Take the flag and return your base!
| Claymore | Knocks out opponents on a time interval |
| FlashBang | Stuns opponents |
| EMP | Takes shields down |
Forces players to respawn at a specific point in the arena
Activates auxiliary electronics with a contact set
virtually anything can be controlled on-field
No wifi required
No internet required
15 minute setup time
Rolling restarts
Inspired by go-kart racing
Gives the operator full control
Number of teams
Duration
On Boarding
Start and Stop Time
Auto-que new groups as they come in
Ending one group does not effect others
Hot-swappable player groups
Nobody has to leave the arenaOn-Site
Guided Repair
Manufacture Repair
Sometimes equipment breaks but your schedule never should
Fix now, don't wait
Follow along with our experts
Based in America
Minimizes downtime
Don't get stuck at the border
| Routine | Urgent |
|---|---|
| 3-5 Days | 24 Hour |
| No Fee | 25 dollar fee |
Proprietary Technology
In-house Engineering
Our own boards
Our own repairs
Failure is not an option
Built to higher standards than the entertainment industry