Plain of Tears [av31], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 207
Last updated Turn #137
Plain of Tears [av31], plain, in Mandoria, peasants: 207
------------------------------------------------------------------------
30: It has stopped raining.
30: The population grows by two peasants.
Routes leaving Plain of Tears:
North, plain, to Plain of Tears [au31], 7 days
Garrison [jd2r], garrison, uncontrolled, with seven peasants
East, plain, to Plain of Tears [av32], 7 days
South, plain, to Plain of Tears [aw31], 7 days
West, plain, to Plain of Tears [av30], 7 days
The province is blanketed in fog.
No one can be seen through the fog.


A regex replacement which will be used to modify matching group names. Intended to be used in
conjunction with the Group Pattern field to transform a group's name. When the Group Pattern matches
a group, this replacement is used.
You may use back references to refer to captured groups from the Group Pattern field.
Example:
Group Pattern = "Prefix(\\w+),.*"
Group Replace = "$1"
This pattern would match for all groups that contain the word Prefix followed by some word characters and a comma.
The pattern also captures the word characters after the Prefix and replaces the group with this capture
using a back reference ($1).


Why There's No Future in Cloud Futures
An interesting debate took place at last week’s Cloud2020 gathering regarding the viability of futures markets for cloud computing capacity. I’m firmly at the skeptical end of the spectrum as the title of this post will attest. However, I had not given enough thought as to the reasons for my skepticism. Having reflected on it a little I’m more convinced than ever that any attempt to create either primary or secondary markets in cloud commodities is doomed. In short the lack of friction and a lack of volatility in matching cloud computing supply and demand means there is likely no window for 3rd party market makers to insert themselves into this value network.
I am neither and economist nor do I have any experience in the financial markets. At best I’m an informed observer. My opinions are therefore not based on any particular expertise in this domain. That withstanding my views are based on my observation that the basic nature of cloud computing production, delivery and consumption is unlikely create the opportunity for the emergence of primary and derivative markets.
Primary Markets
A ‘Market’ in its most simple form is a mechanism for matching buyers and sellers of goods, services or information. The market acts as a means of matching supply and demand and therefore arriving at the optimal price at which goods will be exchanged. The more buyers and sellers there are active in the market - allowing for perfect sharing of information across the market - then the closer the market will get to providing the optimal exchange of value between buyers and sellers.
More formally; ‘Markets’ create local minima in complex trading networks that minimize the amount of energy that needs to be expended to trade by maximizing the amount of information available to market participants. This is the reason we have fish markets.
Consumers of fish do not have direct access to the resource themselves. Fish must be harvested with considerable effort in time, energy and personal risk often far away from where the fish will be consumed. The most efficient means of matching buyers and sellers is for them both to congregate in a location that maximizes the efficiency of all actors. Therefore it’s far more efficient for fish to converge on Billingsgate market in London than it is for the concentration of buyers in London to visit all the ports where fish are landed. The same dynamics are certainly not at play in the cloud computing.
Accessing cloud services requires little expenditure of energy on the part of the consumer - no more than a few clicks of the mouse. There is also very little effort required to find multiple suppliers of cloud services - Google “Cloud hosting services.”
As Zysman and I wrote in our recent position paper for the Transatlantic Policy Network that cloud is unique in being at once a competitive service, a dynamic enhanced utility, an ICT infrastructure/platform and innovation eco-system, a marketplace, and a production environment. The cloud is its own market.
Advocates for the creation of new primary markets for cloud services will argue that a lack of standardization in cloud computing resource definitions creates an opportunity for markets to arise. There is no benchmark today against which cloud services from different providers can be compared: There is no cloud equivalent of West Texas Intermediate crude. This makes it very difficult for consumers to price compare across cloud providers. This information asymmetry should create the opportunity for a market based on common benchmarks for cloud resources.
I completely agree that the lack of standardized - comparable - cloud resource benchmarks is a problem. The question then becomes how much value could a 3rd party market maker extract based on that information asymmetry. My view is not enough to be viable.
If benchmarking standards become a consumer requirement then cloud providers will adopt them, but the energy expenditure by consumers to compare costs is just not that great. Now I have to click three times rather than just once. Or more realistically volume consumers of cloud services will programmatically make three API calls to obtain the current benchmark spot price for the resource they need.
The opportunity for 3rd party market making in cloud resources is so small as to be essentially non-viable. As a consumer there’s just not going to be enough value in the service for me to accept the market maker’s vig on the transaction.
The internet has been the great disinter-mediator across many industries. The retail supply chain - with lots of actors between suppliers and consumers - has been completely disrupted by Amazon and their direct to consumer model. Intermediate actors in value networks create information asymmetries - each actor has access to unique information on the buy and sell side of the transaction and these asymmetries create sub-optimal exchange of value between the producer and the consumer.
The cloud business models of Amazon, Google, Microsoft and others are premised on having the shortest path between supply and demand. None of these companies is going to willingly permit the insertion of a 3rd party market maker and no rational consumer would want that either. A for profit 3rd party market ultimately reduces margins for producers or increases prices for consumers - or both. It cannot be any other way.
Secondary Markets
Secondary - derivative - markets emerge when there is uncertainty about either supply or demand i.e. there is imperfect information about the state of the primary market or information asymmetry between buyers and sellers. This uncertainty can be traded or arbitraged. Traders in derivative markets are betting that they have better information about future supply and/or demand than other actors in the market.
Futures contracts allow buyers and sellers to hedge risk driven by volatility in either supply or demand of a particular commodity. In essence the contract allows you to fix the price for future delivery of a commodity. The contract itself can then be traded based on whether other actors believe the actual market price - supply or demand - will be higher or lower than the contracted price. The more volatile a market is the greater the opportunity there is for arbitrage.
Wheat futures contracts have a straightforward economic rationale. Volatility is largely driven by the unpredictability of seasonal weather patterns. Supply - crop yields - can vary dramatically based on whether there is a particularly hard or long winter, a snap hard frost late in the spring etc. Both farmers and breakfast cereal manufacturers use futures contracts to lock in prices and hedge risk for their individual rationale. Derivates traders make a living by trading on the lack of perfect information on either future weather or consumer consumption patterns.
Trading in petroleum products adds additional factors which drive volatility. Crude oil - what comes out of the ground - is ‘cracked’ to make make many different products; petrol, naptha, diesel, heating oil and feedstocks for a wide arrange of industrial chemicals. The efficiency with which crude can be turned into these products depends on its ‘quality’ i.e. how heavy it is and the level of contaminants - sulfur etc.
Petroleum based futures contracts are based on standard quality benchmarks - West Texas Intermediate being but one. Out of the ground crude production is fairly predictable at a macro level - OPEC sets production quotas for their producers. The volatility which drives the rationale for futures contracts is based on variation around the quality benchmarks, seasonal demand for petrol, heating oil etc. based on weather patterns and economical cycles driving macro demands for industrial chemicals and lubricants etc.
The problem as I see it for anyone wishing to create a futures market in cloud resources is where’s the volatility?
There has to be some driver of volatility in either supply or demand for there to be an economic rationale for futures contracts. Unfortunately for nascent 3rd party market makers there is no indication at all that the market for cloud resource provision shows any meaningful volatility.
On the macro demand side of the equation there is little or no volatility. We’re at the start of the adoption of cloud computing and consumption demand shows only one trajectory: up. There is no volatility on the supply side either. The major providers of cloud services - Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Rackspace and others - all build far ahead of the demand curve. They also have almost perfect statistical insight into demand patterns driven by data from millions of direct consumer relationships. There is little or no information asymmetry in this value network.
Of course it would be correct to point out that individual cloud providers do see changes in demand over varying time horizons. The demand for cloud resources powering online commerces peaks during the christmas holiday season and tails off during the summer. But the cloud providers themselves already leverage these demand fluctuations by providing spot pricing for their resources.
Consumers can contract for the provision of a certain amount of compute capacity at a fixed price if they are willing to be flexible about how long it takes for the capacity to be made available. Its likely that all cloud providers will eventually offer the same. This example again demonstrates that the cloud is its own market and that there will be very little - if any - opportunity for 3rd parties to insert themselves between suppliers and consumers.


Cake is a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked. In its oldest forms, cakes were modifications of breads, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can besimple or elaborate, and that share features with other desserts such as pastries, meringues, custards, and pies.
Our stores are located in 21 cities all over the world. Come and see what we have for you.
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About Us
Hello, my name is Brian Carela. I'm currently enrolled in the Code Bridge course at BLANK. I recently made the decision to stop attending classes at BLANK and stop working at BLANK so that I can learn to become a successful web developer. On my spare time, I like to compete in BLANK for a video game called Super Smash Bros for Wii U. I hope to someday create a small website to schedule all local tournaments in NYC, with BLANK available, and any other relevant information for each event.


[§586-12] Mutual protective orders. No protective order shall be entered against the plaintiff in the same petition unless:
(1) The respondent properly files a separate petition; and
(2) The plaintiff has reasonable notice of the filing of the separate petition. [L 2016, c 4, §2]


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--- layout: doc title: Documentation ---
If you are working with large proof developments, you may want to know about the advanced script management and editing features of Proof General covered in this chapter.
Proof scripts can be annotated with the output produced by the prover while they are checked. By hovering the mouse on the completed regions you can see any output that was produced when they were checked. Depending on the proof language (it works well with declarative languages), this may enable a “document centred” way of working, where you may not need to keep a separate window open for displaying prover output.
This way of working is controlled by several settings. To help configure things appropriately for document-centred working, there are two short-cut commands:
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Document Centred Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Default |
which change settings appropriately between a document centred mode and the original classic Proof General behaviour and appearance. The first command also engages automatic processing of the whole buffer, explained in the following section further below.
The behaviour can be fine-tuned with the individual settings. Starting with the classic settings, first, you may select
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Processing -> Full Annotations |
to ensure that the details are recorded in the script. This is not the default because it can cause long sequences of commands to execute more slowly as the output is collected from the prover eagerly when the commands are executed, and printing can be be slow for large and complex expressions. It also increases the space requirements for Emacs buffers. However, when interactively developing smaller files, it is very useful.
Next, you may deselect
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Auto Raise |
which will prevent the prover output being eagerly displayed. You can still manually arrange your Emacs windows and frames to ensure the output buffers are present if you want.
You may like to deselect
Proof General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Colour Locked |
to prevent highlighting of the locked region. This text which has been checked and that which has not is less obvious, but you can see the position of the next command to be processed with the marker.
If you have no colouring on the locked region, it can be hard to see where processing has got to. Look for the “overlay marker”, a triangle in the left-hand fringe of the display, to see which line processing has stopped at. If it has stopped on a region with an error, you might want to see that. You can select
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Sticky Errors |
to add a highlight for regions which did not successfully process on the last attempt. Whenever the region is edited, the highlight is removed.
Finally, you may want to ensure that
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Read Only -> Undo On Edit |
is selected.
Undo on edit is a setting for the proof-strict-read-only
variable.
This allows you to freely edit the processed region, but first it
automatically retracts back to the point of the edit. Comments can
be edited freely without retraction.
The configuration variables controlled by the above menu items can be
customized as Emacs variables. The two settings which control
interaction with the prover are proof-full-annotation
and
proof-strict-read-only
. Note that you can also record the
history of output from the prover without adding mouse hovers to the
script. This is controlled by proof-output-tooltips
which is
also on the Display menu in Quick Options. See section Display customization, for more information about customizing display options.
Non-nil causes Proof General to record output for all proof commands.
Proof output is recorded as it occurs interactively; normally if
many steps are taken at once, this output is suppressed. If this
setting is used to enable it, the proof script can be annotated
with full details. See also ‘proof-output-tooltips
’ to enable
automatic display of output on mouse hovers.
The default value is nil
.
Whether Proof General is strict about the read-only region in buffers.
If non-nil, an error is given when an attempt is made to edit the
read-only region, except for the special value 'retract
which means
undo first. If nil, Proof General is more relaxed (but may give
you a reprimand!).
The default value is retract
.
If you like making your hair stand on end, the electric terminator mode is probably not enough. Proof General has another feature that will automatically send text to the prover, while you aren’t looking.
Enabling
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Processing -> Process Automatically |
Causes Proof General to start processing text when Emacs is idle for a while. You can choose either to send just the next command beyond the point, or the whole buffer. See
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Processing -> Automatic Processing Mode |
for the choices.
The text will be sent in a fast loop that processes more quickly than
C-c C-b (i.e., proof-process-buffer
, the down toolbar
button), but ignores user input and doesn’t update the display. But the
feature tries to be non-intrusive to the user: if you start to type
something or use the mouse, the fast loop will be interrupted and revert
to a slower interactive loop with display updates.
In the check next command mode, the successfully checked region will briefly flash up as green to indicate it is okay.
You can use C-c C-. (proof-goto-end-of-locked
) to find out
where processing got to, as usual. Text is only sent if the last
interactive command processed some text (i.e., wasn’t an undo step
backwards into the buffer) and processing didn’t stop with an error. To
start automatic processing again after an error, simply hit C-c
C-n after editing the buffer. To turn the automatic processing on or
off from the keyboard, you can use the key binding:
proof-autosend-toggle
Toggle ‘proof-autosend-enable
’. With arg, turn on iff ARG>0.
This function simply uses customize-set-variable
to set the variable.
Large developments may consist of large files with many proofs. To help see what has been proved without the detail of the proof itself, Proof General can hide portions of the proof script. Two different kinds of thing can be hidden: comments and (what Proof General designates as) the body of proofs.
You can toggle the visibility of a proof script portion by using the
context sensitive menu triggered by clicking the right mouse button
on a completed proof, or the key C-c v, which runs
pg-toggle-visibility
.
You can also select the “disappearing proofs” mode from the menu,
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Display -> Disappearing Proofs |
This automatically hides each the body of each proof portion as it is completed by the proof assistant. Two further menu commands in the main Proof-General menu, Show all and Hide all apply to all the completed portions in the buffer.
Notice that by design, this feature only applies to completed proofs, after they have been processed by the proof assistant. When files are first visited in Proof General, no information is stored about proof boundaries.
The relevant elisp functions and settings are mentioned below.
Toggle visibility of region under point.
Display all completed proofs in the buffer.
Hide all completed proofs in the buffer.
Non-nil causes Proof General to hide proofs as they are completed.
The default value is nil
.
Basic modularity in large proof developments can be achieved by splitting proof scripts across various files. Let’s assume that you are in the middle of a proof development. You are working on a soundness proof of Hoare Logic in a file called(5) ‘HSound.v’. It depends on a number of other files which develop underlying concepts e.g. syntax and semantics of expressions, assertions, imperative programs. You notice that the current lemma is too difficult to prove because you have forgotten to prove some more basic properties about determinism of the programming language. Or perhaps a previous definition is too cumbersome or even wrong.
At this stage, you would like to visit the appropriate file, say ‘sos.v’ and retract to where changes are required. Then, using script management, you want to develop some more basic theory in ‘sos.v’. Once this task has been completed (possibly involving retraction across even earlier files) and the new development has been asserted, you want to switch back to ‘HSound.v’ and replay to the point you got stuck previously.
Some hours (or days) later you have completed the soundness proof and are ready to tackle new challenges. Perhaps, you want to prove a property that builds on soundness or you want to prove an orthogonal property such as completeness.
Proof General lets you do all of this while maintaining the consistency between proof script buffers and the state of the proof assistant. However, you cannot have more than one buffer where only a fraction of the proof script contains a locked region. Before you can employ script management in another proof script buffer, you must either fully assert or retract the current script buffer.
Proof General tries to be aware of all files that the proof assistant has processed or is currently processing. In the best case, it relies on the proof assistant explicitly telling it whenever it processes a new file which corresponds(6) to a file containing a proof script.
If the current proof script buffer depends on background material from other files, proof assistants typically process these files automatically. If you visit such a file, the whole file is locked as having been processed in a single step. From the user’s point of view, you can only retract but not assert in this buffer. Furthermore, retraction is only possible to the beginning of the buffer.
Unlike a script buffer that has been processed step-by-step via Proof General, automatically loaded script buffers do not pass through a “red” phase to indicate that they are currently being processed. This is a limitation of the present implementation. Proof General locks a buffer as soon as it sees the appropriate message from the proof assistant. Different proof assistants may use different messages: either early locking when processing a file begins (e.g. LEGO) or late locking when processing a file ends (e.g. Isabelle).
With early locking, you may find that a script which has only been partly processed (due to an error or interrupt, for example), is wrongly completely locked by Proof General. Visit the file and retract back to the start to fix this.
With late locking, there is the chance that you can break synchronization by editing a file as it is being read by the proof assistant, and saving it before processing finishes.
In fact, there is a general problem of editing files which may be processed by the proof assistant automatically. Synchronization can be broken whenever you have unsaved changes in a proof script buffer and the proof assistant processes the corresponding file. (Of course, this problem is familiar from program development using separate editors and compilers). The good news is that Proof General can detect the problem and flashes up a warning in the response buffer. You can then visit the modified buffer, save it and retract to the beginning. Then you are back on track.
Make sure that the current script buffer has either been completely asserted or retracted (Proof General enforces this). Then you can retract proof scripts in a different file. Simply visit a file that has been processed earlier and retract in it, using the retraction commands from see section Script processing commands. Apart from removing parts of the locked region in this buffer, all files which depend on it will be retracted (and thus unlocked) automatically. Proof General reminds you that now is a good time to save any unmodified buffers.
Make sure that the current script buffer has either been completely asserted or retracted. Then you can assert proof scripts in a different file. Simply visit a file that contains no locked region and assert some command with the usual assertion commands, see section Script processing commands. Proof General reminds you that now is a good time to save any unmodified buffers. This is particularly useful as assertion may cause the proof assistant to automatically process other files.
To make it easier to adapt Proof General for a proof assistant, there is another possibility for multiple file support — that it is provided automatically by Proof General and not integrated with the file-management system of the proof assistant.
In this case, Proof General assumes that the only files processed are the ones it has sent to the proof assistant itself. Moreover, it (conservatively) assumes that there is a linear dependency between files in the order they were processed.
If you only have automatic multiple file handling, you’ll find that any files loaded directly by the proof assistant are not locked when you visit them in Proof General. Moreover, if you retract a file it may retract more than is strictly necessary (because it assumes a linear dependency).
For further technical details of the ways multiple file scripting is configured, see Handling multiple files in the Adapting Proof General manual.
Occasionally you may want to review the dialogue of the entire session with the proof assistant, or check that it hasn’t done something unexpected. Experienced users may also want to directly communicate with the proof assistant rather than sending commands via the minibuffer, see section Proof assistant commands.
Although the proof shell is usually hidden from view, it is run in a buffer which you can use to interact with the prover if necessary. You can switch to it using the menu:
Proof-General -> Buffers -> Shell |
Warning: you can probably cause confusion by typing in the shell buffer! Proof General may lose track of the state of the proof assistant. Output from the assistant is only fully monitored when Proof General is in control of the shell. When in control, Proof General watches the output from the proof assistant to guess when a file is loaded or when a proof step is taken or undone. What happens when you type in the shell buffer directly depends on how complete the communication is between Proof General and the prover (which depends on the particular instantiation of Proof General).
If synchronization is lost, you have two options to resynchronize. If you are lucky, it might suffice to use the key:
proof-frob-locked-end
This command is disabled by default, to protect novices using it accidently.
If proof-frob-locked-end
does not work, you will need to restart
script management altogether (see section Proof assistant commands).
Move the end of the locked region backwards to regain synchronization.
Only for use by consenting adults.
This command can be used to repair synchronization in case something goes wrong and you want to tell Proof General that the proof assistant has processed less of your script than Proof General thinks.
You should only use it to move the locked region to the end of a proof command.
To make editing proof scripts more productive, Proof General provides some additional editing commands.
One facility is the input ring of previously processed commands.
This allows a convenient way of repeating an earlier command or a small
edit of it. The feature is reminiscent of history mechanisms provided
in shell terminals (and the implementation is borrowed from the Emacs
Comint package). The input ring only contains commands which have been
successfully processed (coloured blue). Duplicated commands are only
entered once.
The size of the ring is set by the variable pg-input-ring-size
.
pg-previous-matching-input-from-input
pg-next-matching-input-from-input
Cycle backwards through input history, saving input.
If called interactively, arg is given by the prefix argument.
Cycle forwards through input history.
If called interactively, arg is given by the prefix argument.
Search backwards through input history for match for regexp.
(Previous history elements are earlier commands.)
With prefix argument n, search for Nth previous match.
If n is negative, find the next or Nth next match.
Search forwards through input history for match for regexp.
(Later history elements are more recent commands.)
With prefix argument n, search for Nth following match.
If n is negative, find the previous or Nth previous match.
Search backwards through input history for match for current input.
(Previous history elements are earlier commands.)
With prefix argument n, search for Nth previous match.
If n is negative, search forwards for the -Nth following match.
Search forwards through input history for match for current input.
(Following history elements are more recent commands.)
With prefix argument n, search for Nth following match.
If n is negative, search backwards for the -Nth previous match.
This document was generated on April 14, 2023 using texi2html 1.82.


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OpenSolaris is an operating system (OS), an open source project licensed under CDDL, and a community. The project’s goals are innovation, collaboration, and the extension of OpenSolaris technology.
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OpenSolaris is free, open source, and well-suited for desktops, laptops, servers, and data centers. The quality requirement of OpenSolaris is perhaps best stated as Production Ready All The Time.
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OpenSolaris technical communities maintain kernel and userland consolidations and launch new technology projects. OpenSolaris is developed by communities working in the different projects. Each project focuses on one or more specific areas of the system. The OpenSolaris developer project is sponsored by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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See the FAQs for detailed information about how to get started with the developer project. You’ll learn to use the OpenSolaris.org collaboration web site to create projects and lead communities. You’ll also find FAQs for licensing, contributions, and links to technical FAQs.
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 138: <select onChange="location.href=value;"> 139: <option value="http://opensolaris.org/os/about/faq/">English</option> 140: 141: <option value="http://de.opensolaris.org/faq">Deutsch</option> 142: <option value="http://es.opensolaris.org/faq">Español</option> 143: <option value="http://pl.opensolaris.org/faq">Polski</option> 144: <option value="http://fr.opensolaris.org/faq">Français</option> 145: <option value="http://jp.opensolaris.org/faq">日本語</option> 146: <option value="http://kr.opensolaris.org/faq">한국어</option> 147: <option value="http://br.opensolaris.org/faq">Português Brasileiro</option> 148: 149: <option value="http://ru.opensolaris.org/faq">Pусский</option> 150: <option value="http://cz.opensolaris.org/faq">Česky</option> 151: 152: <option value="http://cn.opensolaris.org/faq">简体中文</option> 153: 154: <option value="http://in.opensolaris.org/faq">भारत</option> 155: </select> 156: 157:
 158:
 159:
 160: 161:
 162:
General FAQ
 163: High-level information about the OpenSolaris project.
 164: 165:
Getting Started FAQ
 166: Information aimed at developers and other open source participants.
 167: 168:
Website FAQ
 169: Details about how to use the website.
 170:
 171: 172:
 173:
Common Development and Distribution 174: License (CDDL) FAQ
 175: All you ever wanted to know about the CDDL.
 176: 177:
OpenSolaris Binary License FAQ
 178: Explanations of what you can and cannot do with the binaries being provided 179: for download.
 180: 181:
Public Documentation License FAQ
Answers to questions about the PDL.
 182:
 183: 184:
 185:
OpenSolaris Trademark/Logo Usage FAQ
 186: Information about how the OpenSolaris project TM and logo can be used.
 187: 188:
Sun Contributor Agreement (SCA) FAQ Information about filing a Sun Contributor Agreement.
 189:
 190: 191:
 192:
 193:
New User FAQ
For new users of OpenSolaris [Goes to genunix.org]
 194: 195:
Technical FAQs
Technical FAQs 196: can be found in the Links page.
 197:
 198: 199:
Contact
 200: 201: Have a question about, or need help with, OpenSolaris? People in the OpenSolaris community can assist you. 202: 203: The OpenSolaris forums, labeled "Discussions" on the site, manage both web-based posting and viewing, in addition to handling mailing list-like functionality for users that choose to ’watch’ a forum. There are many OpenSolaris-related forums, and this number will grow with the community. You will find a comprehensive list on the Discussions page. If you are new to OpenSolaris, we suggest browsing the opensolaris-discuss forum, which like all forums, includes a search feature to access previous discussions. 204: 205: OpenSolaris Installation Questions<EMAIL_ADDRESS>206: 207: General OpenSolaris Questions<EMAIL_ADDRESS>208: 209: Technical OpenSolaris Questions<EMAIL_ADDRESS>210: 211: 212: Bug Reporting<EMAIL_ADDRESS>213: 214: 215: Website Questions & Support<EMAIL_ADDRESS>216: 217: Internet Relay Chat 218: 219: Currently the only IRC network with a OpenSolaris presence is irc.freenode.net, using the channel #opensolaris, for general developer discussion. 220: 221: 222:
{style:type=span}Governance{style}
 223: 224: This constitution outlines the basic structure and operations of the 225: OpenSolaris community and the OpenSolaris Governing Board (OGB), both 226: of which were initiated by Sun Microsystems on June 227: 14, 2005. Also, this Constitution was updated to version 2 in March 228: 2009, and 229: previous versions can be found with the OGB. \\ 230: \\ 231: 232:
{style:type=span}Groups and Roles{style}
 233: 234: {style:type=span}Groups{style}. The OpenSolaris 235: community is structured as an organization of participants in 236: which Members are given the right to vote on community-wide decisions, 237: the most significant of which is to elect the OGB. The OGB, in turn, 238: delegates the organization, operations, and decision-making processes 239: for OpenSolaris activities to community members in Communities, Projects and User groups. 240: 241:
Creating Communities, Projects, and User Groups\\ 242:
 243: 244: {style:type=span}Overview:{style} Groups can be 245: created, archived, reactivated and changed. All groups are considered 246: equal, and there is one process to create all groups. \\ 247: \\{style:type=span}Group Creation Process{style}\\ 248: 249: 1. Go to [http://defect.opensolaris.org>http://defect.opensolaris.org/] 250: 11. Your opensolaris.org user ID (required) 251: 11. Type (Community, Project, User Group) 252: 11. Community Name 253: 11. Title 254: 11. Description 255: 11. Leaders (opensolaris.org user IDs required) 256: 11. Mailing List Requirements 257: 258: \\{style:type=span}Group Type Change\\ 259: \\{style} 260: 261: 1. Go to [http://defect.opensolaris.org>http://defect.opensolaris.org/] 262: 11. Your opensolaris.org user ID (required) 263: 11. Community Name 264: 11. New Type (Community, Project, User Group) 265: 11. Rationale/context 266: 267: \\{style:type=span}Archiving{style}\\ 268: \\ 269: >From time to time, a group may become dormant. But since it’s never a 270: desirable situation to have unmaintained infrastructure on the web, 271: there is a process for archiving groups. If there has been no activity 272: from a group for six months, or at the discretion of the OGB or its 273: nominated committee acting in the interests of the community, the 274: following may happen:\\ 275: 276: * Web page visibly tagged with ’Dormant’ 277: * List of leaders/participants reset to zero 278: * SCM write disabled 279: 280: \\{style:type=span}Reactivating{style}\\ 281: 282: 1. Go to [http://defect.opensolaris.org>http://defect.opensolaris.org/] 283: 11. Name 284: 11. Reasons to activate 285: 11. Leaders (preferably opensolaris.org user IDs) 286: 287: \\{style:type=span}Mailing Lists{style}\\ 288: \\ 289: Mailing list names should indicate purpose, and have one of the 290: following suffices:\\ 291: 292: * -dev: developer discussion 293: * -discuss: general discussion 294: * -notify: notification alias for SCM putbacks 295: 296: Private mailing lists may be granted in exceptional circumstances, but 297: full rationale is required and the OGB must approve. Although this 298: process is intended to be essentially automatic, the OGB will form a 299: committee with oversight and with the power to veto group requests if 300: it is in the interests of the community. Finally, all notifications to 301: bugs in Community > Infrastructure 302: > Creation will be sent to [group-creation<EMAIL_ADDRESS>303: \\ 304: \\ 305: 306:
Membership
 307: 308: {style:type=span}Membership:{style} The OpenSolaris 309: Membership is held in the Electorate group. Participants, Contributors, 310: and Leaders from User Groups, Projects, and Communities may become 311: associated with the Electorate group, and once included, are 312: collectively responsible for the global well-being of the OpenSolaris 313: project. Association with the Electorate is opt-in, and successful 314: association is classified as becoming a Member of the OpenSolaris 315: community. Only those who have substantially and verifiably contributed 316: to an existing User Group, Project, or Community may apply for 317: OpenSolaris Membership. The Membership elects a set of Leaders for the 318: community on an annual basis to form the OGB. Association with the 319: Electorate group has no bearing on your involvement in existing User 320: Groups, Projects, or Communities.\\ 321: \\{style:type=span}Membership Process:{style}\\ 322: 323: 1. Go to [http://membership.opensolaris.org/] 324: 1. Apply for membership with the following information 325: 11. Full Name 326: 11. OpenSolaris user ID 327: 11. For each collective to which you substantially contribute: 328: 111.  However, you need to renew every two years. 332: If you don’t renew, you are removed from the current list of voters, 333: but a record of your previous membership is maintained. You can 334: reactivate your Membership up to 14 days after a community wide 335: election is announced. \\ 336: \\ 337: \\ 338: 339:
Meetings of Members
 340: 341: {style:type=span}Annual Meeting{style}. A Meeting 342: of the Members shall be held annually to elect the OGB and ratify 343: Constitutional changes. The OGB shall provide notice to the community 344: not less than ten days or more than sixty days before the date of 345: the meeting. One-third of the Members, 346: represented in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a 347: quorum. If a quorum is present, the affirmative 348: vote of a majority of the Members represented at the meeting shall be 349: the act of the members.\\ 350: \\{style:type=span}Voting.{style} Each Member shall be 351: entitled to one vote on each matter 352: submitted at a meeting of the members. A Member may vote in 353: person, by proxy executed in writing by the member, or, when a vote is 354: conducted by electronic ballot, by submitting a completed ballot to the 355: voting mechanism. \\ 356: \\{style:type=span}Proxies.{style} Every Member may 357: authorize another person or persons to 358: act for said Member by proxy. Every proxy must be signed by the Member 359: and delivered to the Secretary. No proxy shall be valid after one 360: year from its date, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. All proxies 361: shall be revocable.\\ 362: \\{style:type=span}Minutes.{style} The minutes of any 363: meeting of the Members shall be 364: posted in a public forum within thirty (30) days of the meeting. A 365: record of any Member action by written consent shall be posted in a 366: public forum within thirty (30) days of the action having taken effect.\\ 367: \\ 368: \\ 369: 370:
Governing Board
 371: 372: {style:type=span}OGB{style} The OGB’s role is to 373: provide guidance and leadership for the OpenSolaris community, to 374: maintain the community’s Constitution, to run elections, and to help 375: mediate disputes. The OGB shall consist of a minimum of three and a 376: maximum of seven people. OGB members, upon change of corporate 377: affiliation or other 378: interests related to OpenSolaris, must notify the membership of their 379: new status.\\ 380: \\{style:type=span}Election and Term{style}. At the 381: annual meeting of Members, the Members shall elect OGB members to 382: hold office starting the first day of the 383: calendar month following the election and continuing until the first 384: day of the calendar month following the next annual meeting. 385: Each OGB member shall hold office for the term for which he or she is 386: elected, until his or her successor shall have been elected, or until 387: his or her earlier resignation, removal, or death. OGB members can 388: serve for three consecutive terms. \\ 389: \\{style:type=span}Candidates.{style} Candidates for 390: election to the OGB must be nominated by a current 391: Member. Nominations shall be open for a minimum of seven days prior 392: to ballot completion. An OGB election ballot must be complete and 393: publicly viewable no less than seven days prior to the start of 394: voting. Once voting has started, the voting shall remain open for at 395: least seven days. Candidates for election shall publish a list of their 396: commercial 397: affiliations, or other interests related to OpenSolaris, so that a 398: voting member can understand the context from which they would act on 399: the OGB and the likely biases they would bring. Candidates who before 400: the start of voting do not publish such a statement and attest to its 401: accuracy shall not be eligible for election. The Secretary of the OGB 402: shall maintain a public register of OGB Members’ interests.\\ 403: \\{style:type=span}Resignation 404: and Removal of OGB Members.{style} An OGB member may resign upon 405: written request to the OGB. An OGB member may be 406: removed, with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of two-thirds of 407: the Members. Also, an affirmative vote of a 408: majority of the Members expressing "no confidence" in the 409: current OGB, or an act by the entire OGB to resign from office, shall 410: have the effect of requiring a special election to be held for a 411: replacement OGB within thirty days of such act.\\ 412: \\{style:type=span}Vacancies.{style} In the event of a 413: resignation or death, the OGB shall review the ballot results of the 414: previous 415: OGB election and appoint the next available candidate to fill the 416: vacancy. In the event that there are no further candidates from the 417: prior election, or if the vacancy is due to the removal of an OGB 418: member, the vacancy shall not be filled until the next OGB election.\\ 419: \\{style:type=span}Quorum and Voting.{style} A 420: majority of the OGB members in office 421: shall constitute a quorum. The vote of 422: a majority of the OGB members present at a meeting at which a quorum is 423: present shall be the act of the OGB. The OGB election shall be 424: conducted according to the balloting method known as Single 425: Transferable Vote, 426: specifically using the Meek algorithm.\\ 427: \\{style:type=span}Meetings{style}. 428: Meetings of the OGB 429: shall be held following the annual meeting of the Members and 430: thereafter. Meetings should not be more than three months apart. 431: Meetings may be 432: held in person or via a shared teleconference, IRC, or equivalent 433: medium for shared communication by means of which all persons 434: participating in the meeting can hear or read each others’ comments at 435: the same time. OGB meetings are, in general, open to attendance 436: by any Members provided that such attendance does not interfere with 437: the OGB members. The OGB may, when appropriate, 438: choose to discuss confidential items in a closed 439: session, but any decisions resulting from such discussion 440: must be approved in open session.\\ 441: \\{style:type=span}Officers.{style} The officers of the 442: OGB shall consist of a Chair, a 443: Vice-Chair, and a Secretary, each of whom shall be appointed by the 444: OGB. 445: The offices of Chair and Vice Chair must be held by OGB members. The 446: office of Secretary need not be 447: held by an OGB member. The officers shall have the following duties:\\ 448: 449: {style:type=span}Board Committees{style}. The OGB may 450: designate any number of 451: Board Committees, each consisting of at least one OGB member and 452: composed of persons appointed by the OGB. \\ 453: \\ 454: \\ 455: 456:
Disputes
 457: 458: {style:type=span}Disputes{style}. Disputes among 459: participants shall be resolved by the respective group according to its 460: normal decision-making procedures. If a dispute extends into to the 461: OpenSolaris community at-large, then the participants may appeal to the 462: OGB.\\ 463: \\{style:type=span}Suspension of Participants{style}. 464: The OGB is responsible for ensuring that participation in the 465: OpenSolaris community is constructive. When abuse is reported to the 466: OGB, the OGB will review a participant’s actions in the following way:\\ 467: 468: {style:type=span}Expulsion of Participants{style}. 469: A participant under suspension may be expelled from the OpenSolaris 470: community by an affirmative vote of a two-thirds majority of the 471: members. The effect of a removal shall be the immediate expiration of 472: all grants of membership status and removal of the participant’s write 473: access to the OpenSolaris community infrastructure until a 474: subsequent act of the members revokes the expulsion.\\ 475: \\ 476: \\ 477: 478:
Amendments
 479: 480: This Constitution may be updated or 481: repealed by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Members 482: during annual meetings\\ 483: \\ 484: \\ 485: 486:
Dissolution
 487: 488: If the OGB is reduced in membership below the minimum of three members, 489: Sun Microsystems shall appoint a new board.


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Current Assets
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- Properties Hash List
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- User does not own any Properties right now
- Certificates List
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- User did not List any properties.
- Contracts List
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- List of Transactions
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Details of previous Assets
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- User does not have any Previous Assets.
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- User does not have any Previous Certificates


The Global Address List (GAL), also known as a corporate address book or company directory, is a listing of all employees within an organization or department. GAL is a commonly used feature in mail systems so users can look up another user's information by first or last name, without having to know the complete email address.
GAL is configured on a per-domain basis. The GAL Configuration Wizard is used to configure the GAL attributes. Select one of the following GAL mode configurations:
Internal. The Zmail LDAP server is used for GAL directory lookups.
External. External directory servers are used for GAL directory lookups. You can configure multiple external LDAP hosts for GAL. All other directory services use the Zmail LDAP service (configuration, mail routing, etc.) When you configure the external GAL mode, you can configure GAL search and GAL sync separately, to configure different search settings and sync settings.
Both. Internal and external directory servers are used for GAL lookups.
You can configure the maximum number of search results that can be returned in one GAL search.
The value entered in Global Settings becomes the default for domains that do not have this value explicitly set. The default is 100 results.
When you configure an internal or external GAL, a GAL sync account is automatically created for each domain. The address book in the galsync account is where the LDAP contact data is sync'd. Syncing the LDAP to this account gives users faster access to the GAL data and makes it easier for them to search the GAL.
If Both is selected, a GAL sync account is created for each LDAP data source. These accounts display in the administration console's Accounts list.
The internal GAL polling interval for the account determines how often the GAL sync account syncs with the LDAP server. The sync intervals can be in x days, hours, minutes or seconds.
When the GAL sync account syncs to the LDAP server the first time, all GAL contacts from the LDAP are added to the galsync account's address book. During subsequent syncs, the account is updated with information about new contact, modified contact, and deleted contact.
Do not modify the GAL sync account address book directly. When the LDAP syncs the GAL to the account, changes you make to the address book are deleted.
You configure the following External LDAP Settings
LDAP URL and whether to use SSL. Two server types can be configured, LDAP or Active Directory. For LDAP, the port is 389. For Active Directory, the port is 3268. If you use SSL, the port is 636. You can configure multiple external LDAP hosts, so users can access GAL from the next available configured server when a GAL server is down.
LDAP filter. The filter defines the search rules used for directory searches. The parameters in a filter you construct determine the thoroughness of a search. A search filter must be specified.
The following is an example of the filter string. Syntax "%s" represents the string the user types.
(&(|( cn=*%s*)( sn=*%s*)( gn=*%s*)( mail=*%s*)( zmailMailDeliveryAddress=*%s*)
( zmailMailAlias=*%s*)( zmailMailAddress=*%s*))
(|( objectclass=zmailAccount)( objectclass=zmailDistributionList)))
This filter example, combines the basic search filters using the Boolean operation OR to first search the various attributes ( cn, gn, etc.), and then verifies that the entry matched is either a Zmail account or distribution list.
|
Filter |
Matches |
|
cn=*%s* |
Entries with a common name approximately equal to user's input |
|
sn=*%s* |
Entries with a surname approximately equal to user's input |
|
gn=*%s* |
Entries with a given name approximately equal to user's input |
|
mail=*%s* |
Entries with an email address. |
|
zmailMailDeliveryAddress=*%s* |
Entries with a Zmail email address |
|
zmailMailAlias=*%s* |
Entry is a Zmail alias |
|
zmailMailAddress=*%s* |
Entries with a Zmail distribution list address |
|
objectclass=zmailAccount |
The matches found exist as a Zmail account. |
|
objectclass=zmailDistributionList |
The matches found exist as a Zmail distribution list. |
Autocomplete filter. To enable the ability to let users use the Autocomplete from GAL feature, the autocomplete filter must be configured. For LDAP, the default GAL filter setting is (|( cn=%s*)( sn=%s*)( gn=%s*)( mail=%s*)). For AD, adAutoComplete is the default filter.
LDAP search base. To search within a specific part of your directory, enter a search base. For example, ( dc=server, dc=com).
Use DN Password to bind to external server. If the filter you entered cannot be run using an anonymous bind, then enter the DN/password of a service account on the external LDAP that has been granted access to the attributes required to do the search.


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RAFAEL BENITEZ
Job Title : Manager
Former Clubs as Staff : Valladolid, Osasuna, Extremadura, Tenerife, Valencia
Former Clubs as Player : Real Madrid, Parla, Linares.
Date of Birth : 16/04/1960
Birthplace : Madrid
Joined : 2004
Honours as Staff : Champions League 2005, FA Cup 2006


It seems the afternoon began with a gelcap of 14 mg. 5-meo-dipt. I then wandered the wilderness behind my mother's home. I pulled a log up to the edge of the lake and sat back to understand the mindset of the FOX. Onset within 20 minutes was a ++ within a half an hour. Slight chest energy being felt...similiar to an MDMA whoosh! Lots of goosebumps being felt. All this was going on unnoticed by me for a while because I was reading...just as I began to feel my head change gears...who should pop up into my thought to be private woods-hide-away-place? Strangers! I was able to carry on a reasonably coherent conversation about the imminent destruction of the woods area we were standing on due to God's desire for more golf courses. Ugh. I soon yelled retreat and took it all back into my bedroom. Safety!! This is only about 1 hour in to the experiment.
I've read there usually isn't much too look for visually in this substance, but I'm already having neon like gestaults tracers while I'm listening to some Mogwai, lying back on my bed. It is visually comparable to an experience with 2c-t-7, 30 mg that I have had. There was a HUGE aphrodisiac affect. Masturbation was intense and wonderful. This material has great potential for Sex-magick! At around this point I'm well into a +++ experience!
Next I took a DIPT in the pool! Water was exciting and refreshing. Lots of positive energy! AND THEN...waitta a second...something's weird HEAR...all of a sudden everythings sounds shifted down a bit. I try listening to some Phish an start cracking up because they sound like a record player...dying. This aspect of the drug is entirely fascinating to me! The pitch shifting effect was easily noticable (and hilarious!) when listening to music. I wonder if it is affecting the rest of what I'm hearing? I couldn't help comparing it to to the same fascination I have with hearing my voice on Helium! I thought my voice sounded weird a few times, as if I was hearing it in a bubble, but anyhow...
It's six hours later now (and dark), visually, I'm still very active. Body feels loose and energetic. Sitting in my back yard, watching leaves and limbs and shadows meld black and into each other. Neons tracers are connecting to anything with a visable edge. Mentally in fine spirits! There is a strong desire to bond with lost friends. Marijuana smoked at this point launches a second wave of visuals and pleasant energy pulsations throughout the body. Definitely will use again.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


BY EDWIN JAHIEL
THE ROAD HOME (Wo de fu qin mu qin) (China, 1999) *** to ***1/2. Directed by Zhang Yimou. Written by Bao Shi from his novel "Remembrance." Photography, Hou Yong. Editing, Zhai Ru. Music, San Bao. Art direction, Cao Jiuping. Produced by Zhao Yu. Cast : Zhang Ziyi, Sun Honglei, Zheng Hao, Zhao Yuelin, Li Bin, et al. A Sony Pictures Classics release. In Mandarin, subtitled. 100 minutes. Rated G. At the New Art Theater.
Not too many years ago, the heavily propagandistic Chinese cinema was unknown in most countries. But that changed with the "fifth generation" of imaginative, creative filmmakers among which Zhang Yimou was and is a star director who commands international admiration. He began with "Red Sorghum" (1988), went on to such jewels as "Ju Dou," "Raise the Red Lantern," "The Story of Qiu Ju," To Live," "Not One Less," and others.
Fabled director Joseph von Sternberg (1894-1969) discovered Marlene Dietrich, created her screen persona, also had an affair with the lady. Most importantly, the two made a series of great movies. Zhang Yimou did the same with actress Gong Li. When their association came to a professional and personal end, Zhang-ites were concerned. Not to worry. The director changed styles with "Not One Less" and with 'The Road Home," opting for marvelous simplicity and human interest. He has said that his motivation was "a reaction against the current tendencies in Chinese cinema, against the logic of the market. I wanted [my last two films] to be simple, immediate and anchored in reality." The reaction was in opposition to the market economy, lack of cultural life and the "vulgar films [that] dominate our screens." Sounds like an anti-Hollywood summary.
"The Road Home" is set in our day in a small North China village. On rutted snow-covered roads, 30-plus Zhao Di is driven in an SUV from the unspecified city where he works (in an unidentified business that seems to make good money) to his native village from which he has been long absent. His father has died. He was the much-loved local schoolteacher who ages ago had come there, built a school and taught generations of children.
The deceased's widow insists on a traditional, old-fashioned burial. This means that several men must carry the coffin, on foot, to the resting place in/by the village. The problem is that the place is not even a village by western standards. (At some point I counted the near-totality of the gathered adults: 20 to 30 at most!) And since the late teacher had died in a neighboring city (distance unspecified) unavailable money is needed to pay the pall-bearers and provide food, drinks and cigarettes for them. It is not a practical idea, but the widow is adamant, since that's the way her late husband will find "his road home." The son does not hesitate to provide the funds.
This introduction is in black-and-white film, black with a blueish cast, as though the film stock had been tinted --or else color film was developed as black-and-white. Soon however come flashbacks, as the son reminisces about his father. These are in gorgeous color. The story proceeds in flashbacks and flashforwards. What is unusual is that it reverses the usual procedure of showing the present in color and the past in black and white.
The past goes back to the distant days when, to the locals' delight, 20-year old teacher Luo Changyu (played by Zheng Hao) came to the village from a (we suppose) Teachers College in a city (he was breaking some unspecified rules). He was an instant hit--especially with 18-year old Zhao Di (Zhang Ziyi) for whom it was love at first sight.
(This was the actress's first feature. Her second, as the miraculously energetic young woman in Ang Lee's "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" made her an international star.) Miss Zhang has a radiant, delicious beauty that is used in irresistible ways. There is no question about the outcome of the girl-teacher relationship, but it is lovely to follow in a set of steps which I cannot reveal. Both young people are well matched, lovable, caring and sincere.
Back to the teacher's first day in school. The village population gathers outside to hear him address his pupils: "Learn mathematics, learn the present, learn the past, keep a journal." Then "spring, summer, fall, winter. In everything there is a purpose," and so on. It's lovely. Our own college kids could do worse than follow those urgings, especially as so much of today's generation is sadly uninformed about both present and past.
The events or non-events of the past, always in color, are lovingly depicted, in all seasons. The latter aresplendid sights splendidly photographed in wide-screen. There are good times and less good times, but nothing really irreparable happens. Even a broken dish that has sentimental value is fixed by an itinerant fellow who makes clear that for what he charges they could buy a new plate. What nice symbolism here! Attachment to things and to people, respect of the best in traditions or old values. And the love story goes on with a freshness and a "familiar unfamiliarity" that cannot but touch.
There's humor too. It comes naturally. Early on, when the girl is at the well, she sees the teacher holding a bucket. As he starts for the same well he is delayed by an eager fellow. She empties the water in her containers so as to still be there when the man arrives. (He does not.)
As for the business of carrying the deceased, there are some very interesting developments. "Goodbye Mr. Chips" comes to mind.
The movie is nearly flawless. A number of people mentioned to me that its music (most melodious) is like a rip-off of the score in "Titanic." Does not bother me. What does is a lack of, shall we say, journalistic information: who, where, when, why, what, how... This may not disturb many a viewer, but for those of us who are interested in history, politics and such, there's a bit of frustration in store. After all, this is not a fantasy, not a fairy-tale, but a movie that no matter how perennial and universal in many ways, still is anchored in its cultural/historical background.
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29796 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 254299 X-RT-TitleID: 1108624 X-RT-SourceID: 140 X-RT-AuthorID: 2445
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Maintenance Policy for Ruby on Rails
Support of the Rails framework is divided into four groups: New features, bug
fixes, security issues, and severe security issues. They are handled as
follows, all versions in X.Y.Z
format.
Rails follows a shifted version of semver:
Patch Z
Only bug fixes, no API changes, no new features. Except as necessary for security fixes.
Minor Y
New features, may contain API changes (Serve as major versions of Semver). Breaking changes are paired with deprecation notices in the previous minor or major release.
Major X
New features, will likely contain API changes. The difference between Rails' minor and major releases is the magnitude of breaking changes, and usually reserved for special occasions.
New Features
New features are only added to the master branch and will not be made available in point releases.
Bug Fixes
Only the latest release series will receive bug fixes. When enough bugs are fixed and its deemed worthy to release a new gem, this is the branch it happens from.
In special situations, where someone from the Core Team agrees to support more series, they are included in the list of supported series.
Currently included series: 4.2.Z
, 4.1.Z
(Supported by Rafael França).
Security Issues
The current release series and the next most recent one will receive patches and new versions in case of a security issue.
These releases are created by taking the last released version, applying the security patches, and releasing. Those patches are then applied to the end of the x-y-stable branch. For example, a theoretical 1.2.3 security release would be built from 1.2.2, and then added to the end of 1-2-stable. This means that security releases are easy to upgrade to if you're running the latest version of Rails.
Currently included series: 4.2.Z
, 4.1.Z
.
Severe Security Issues
For severe security issues we will provide new versions as above, and also the last major release series will receive patches and new versions. The classification of the security issue is judged by the core team.
Currently included series: 4.2.Z
, 4.1.Z
, 3.2.Z
.
Unsupported Release Series
When a release series is no longer supported, it's your own responsibility to deal with bugs and security issues. We may provide backports of the fixes and publish them to git, however there will be no new versions released. If you are not comfortable maintaining your own versions, you should upgrade to a supported version.


Ha ha, you deleted all the data they gave you?  I can't wait to tell Alpha about this!
Perhaps you understand the consequences of the power you yield?
If you've genuinely started to develop a conscience, let's get in touch. I like your style, but you'll have to learn to be more discreet.
You can find out more at a place that only you will be able to see...
P.S: You need to find us today. Time is of the essence.
Omega


Creative Solutions Start-Ups and Small Businesses
We are a young team of web designers, developers and graphic designers who are dedicated to building an online presence and visual identity for start ups and small businesses looking to improve their standing.
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Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phone: +44 (0) 7788 274573


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Turkey to Launch its State Backed Crypto Asset Next Year
by Christine VasilevaTurkey’s state-backed digital asset, the crypto lira or digital lira is scheduled for launch next year. The move has the potential to bring about a heightened interest in government-backed or other large-scale digital coin launches, by various other countries/corporations.
Digital Lira Part of 2020 Presidential Platform
Social media reports suggest that 2020 may be the year when Turkey launches its digital currency. The decision arrives after months of price weakness for the original lira.
Turkey may be joining China in minting a new type of asset, a large-scale national crypto coin. The People’s Bank of China has given signs it that may be ready with the launch as soon as this November.
National Crypto Launches Have Faced Hurdles
So far, the actual launch of state-backed crypto assets has been a lackluster affair. Several attempts at the same ended up with no actual tokens actually being distributed. The launches themselves have faced various hurdles. European Central Bank came down heavily on Estonia’s Estcoin. The comments debated that the use of another asset (different from the euro) by a nation from the Eurozone.
Venezuela’s Petro is another attempt at national crypto, which reportedly exists, though there is no sign of a smart contract or an actual token. The Marshall Islands are yet to distribute its SOV cryptocurrency, though they are putting out preliminary tokens and have in fact delayed the official launch indefinitely.
The digital lira is in its very early stages. The potential for a national crypto asset was mentioned in the Turkish President Recep Erdogan’s Presidential program for 2020. In the coming year, tests for the coin should be completed, a recent document reveals.
Turkey Remains Bitcoin Hotspot
Turkey is one of the prominent cases for organic crypto adoption. With the national currency sinking against the US dollar in the past years, locals have turned to bitcoin (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies for a hedge against hyperinflation, as well as political uncertainty. Although, Turkish interest in BTC has diminished since peak activity on LocalBitcoins in 2017.
Skeptics view Turkey’s choice to use state-backed crypto not as a move in the direction of freedom, but of surveillance. Governments are discovering that a blockchain offers an easily accessible, data-rich set of past transactions and interconnections.
What do you think about Turkey’s drive to create a national cryptocurrency? Share your thoughts in the comments section below!
Images via Shutterstock, Twitter: @RhythmTrader, @gladstein
The Rundown


Raspi-StatMon documentation¶
Raspberry pi Status Monitor (StatMon) is simple web application that allow you to monitor statistic data such as CPU temperature and Usage of Raspberry pi on the graph. You can also add a graph to monitor the data obtained from the external sensor connected to the raspi.


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load staticfiles otree %} {% block title %} Introduction (1/3) {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Thanks for participating in this study.
Please read the following instructions carefully.
[Note that these are the same instructions you will have found on your desk. If you have already read them and are ready to start just click 'Next'.]
The main part of this study is a geography quiz. Think of it as pub quiz. We will split you up into 2 teams: Team A and Team B. Everybody on your team will receive the same questions you receive. However, you will answer your questions individually. The other team will receive different questions. Each question comes with 4 options, one of which is correct.
There will be {{ Constants.no_rounds }} rounds with {{ Constants.questions_per_round }} questions each. You will answer one question at a time. The quiz is timed: You will have {{ Constants.ret_task_timer }} seconds to answer each question. You will see the timer as you answer the questions.
Please answer each of your team's question and validate your answer by clicking 'Next' before the timer hits zero. If you do not click 'Next' within those {{ Constants.ret_task_timer }} seconds you will be automatically forwarded to the next page. In that case your answer will not be recorded and you will not earn any money on that question. After each of your own team's question you will see the other team's question. (Obviously, we will not ask you to answer the other team's questions.)
The time you spend looking at the other team's question is not timed. You may use that as a short break before you move on to your team's next question. If you do not tick any of the 4 answer choices you within your 30 second time limit no answer will be recorded and you will be forwarded to the next page.
After each round, that is, after {{ Constants.questions_per_round }} questions you will see the correct answers to your own team's questions and to the other team's questions.


Consider the provided equation:
…… (1)
It is already given that:
Now, put value ofin equation (1).
Now, put value ofin equation (1).
Similarly,
Therefore,.
Rod cutting problem is defined as finding the maximum revenue that can be achieved by cutting the rod and selling the pieces. The output of the rod cutting problem is the way of cutting rod into pieces that achieves the maximum revenue.
• The Greedy strategy is applied to find solution of rod cutting problem. The greedy strategy finds a solution for the problem one selecting the optimal option in each stage (i.e., in the current situation).
• Therefore, to solve the rod cutting problem greedy strategy can be used to find the way of cutting pieces that maximizes the revenue.
Proving the given greedy strategy does not always produce an optimal solution:
The given greedy strategy selects the length of first piece i ( ) that has maximum density first. Then, it selects the length of the next piece that has maximum density in the remaining piece of length n-i.
This strategy does not always produce an optimal solution. To show this, consider the following example of rod of length 4, pricing table and density table:
|
Length (n) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
Price (pi) |
2 |
20 |
36 |
32 |
|
Density (pi/i) |
2 |
10 |
12 |
8 |
In the above example of rod cutting, length of rod is 4. Before applying the greedy strategy , sort the above table by the density (pi/i) .
|
Length (n) |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
|
Price (pi) |
2 |
32 |
20 |
36 |
|
Density (pi/i) |
2 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
Now apply the greedy strategy to select the rod length. The greedy strategy initially selects the length of the rod(i) as 3, as the rod of length 3 has the maximum density and the revenue of 36. Then the strategy selects the rod of length 1. Therefore total revenue (Rg) for this greedy selection is calculated as follows:
But the selection (3,1) is not an optimal solution, because there is another choice that gives maximum revenue. Thus, the optimal solution is as follows:
Therefore, the given greedy strategy that selects the length of the rod piece according to density does not always gives the optimal solution.
Rod cutting is an example of dynamic programming in which a long steel rod is bought by a company and then they cut that rod into the pieces and then sells them to find the maximum revenue.
This problem is slightly different as from now every cut has a cost and user has to deduct that cost from the profit.
Now consider the modification of the rod cutting problem, in which each cut incurs a fixed cost of, with each rod price. So, the final price of the rod obtained after subtracting this cost from the actual price.
• Now, to achieve the above modification, use the original rod cutting method along with the added cost of the rod cut.
• The calculation performed on the basis of the following:
The modified rod cutting algorithm is as follows:
MODIFIED_CUT_ROD (p, n, c):
1. Assume an array w[0 ..n] is taken.
2. w[0] = 0
// Run a loop from
3. for j=1 to n
// storing the cost in the array w
4.
// now cutting the rod at different position ranging from 1 to i
5. for i=1 to
6.
7. w[j] = q
8. return
Explanation of the above algorithm:
The above algorithm is the modified cut rod algorithm. The major modification required in the inner for loop, given in line number 5. Now, the inner for loop reads the value.
This changes reflects the fixed cost of making the cut, which is declared from the revenue.
In the above algorithm, user also handle the case in which user make no cuts (when I equals to j); in this case the total revenue will be given simply as p[j] takes care of the case of no cuts.
If user did not make these modifications, then in this case of no cuts, user would deducting c from the total revenue.
Rod cutting is an example of dynamic programming in which a long steel rod is bought by a company and then they cut that rod into the pieces and then sells them to find the maximum revenue.
In the rod cutting algorithm the array B stores the final revenue of each sub problem of rod cut. The variablecontains the price of length v and k is the length of the rod. The modified MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD which returns not only the value but the actual solution too is given below:
MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD- MODIFIED (p, k)
//Define two arrays of length k
1. Let and be new arrays
// Run a loop from initializing with a very large negative value
2.
3.
4. MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-AUX- MODIFIED (p, k, A, B)
// printing the solution
5. for i=0 to
6. print B[n]
In the above algorithm, MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-AUX-MODIFIED is an auxiliary algorithm to help the MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-MODIFIED for the calculation of maximum revenue.
MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-AUX- MODIFIED (p, k, A, B)
//Check if then return
1. if
2. return
//Check if length is zero then assign zero to w
3. if
4.
//Otherwise assign a very large negative value to w
5. else
// iterate the loop until all possible cuts of rod are considered once.
6. for
7. // array B contains the revenue for cut i
8.
9.
10.
11.
12. return w and B.
Explanation:
• In above algorithm first MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD- MODIFIED is called.
• In this function there are two arrays: A is used to store the result and B is used to store the respective length of cut.
• After that MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-AUX- MODIFIED is called in line 4 where the result and the actual value will be filled in array A and B.
• This function is same as provided in section 15.1 but with a little modification. Along with storing the profit value, the array B will take care of the length of cut.
• So as soon as program finds a new better solution, it stores the value of length at which cut is made.
• After the completion of MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD-AUX- MODIFIED, the value at nth index of array A will be the actual profit.
• Now program continues the MEMOIZED-CUT-ROD- MODIFIED, where the result is now ready to print.
• The while loop is used to print the actual answer. In this loop user first print the length of cut needed to get maximum profit and then reducing the subsequent problem by decreasing the value of n by the value of cut.
The definition of the Fibonacci numbers by the following recurrence:
Computing the nth Fibonacci number with the help of bottom-up approach (iterative method):
//Input: An integer n which is a non-negative number.
//Output: The nth Fibonacci number.
for to n
return
The graph of computing the nth Fibonacci number problem is collected of nodes.
The edges correspond to the relationship between larger sub problems to smaller sub problems.
In this case, F[2] is connected to F[1] and F[0].
So, there are edges.
For example, the sub-problems are solved by dividing them in to smaller sub-problems again and again until to reach some simple case that can be solved easily.
The sub problem graph for the Fibonacci sequence.
The number of vertices is 5 and the number of edges is 7.


The "hypergraph" package provides the interfaces to describe the topology of the data as an hyper-graph.
Here, we are really in the core of the system: {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDataGraph} (a Hyper-graph) is made of {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGVertex} and {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGHyperEdge} that are connected through {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGLink}. {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGVertex} and {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGHyperEdge} contain {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDGDataObject}.
A {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDataGraph} is created using a {@link bzh.plealog.hge.api.hypergraph.HDBConnector} that is capable of reading a real source of data and convert it into such an hyper-graph.


1.0 Context
1.1 Problem: Overcrowded Commute
Opportunities Discovery: Typical Commuter Journey
Mapping a typical commuter journey provided a base start to start the design process. Discovering pain-points gave opportunities for design interventions. We found that compiling quotes from online sources, such as Yelp Reviews and 1-on-1 Interview Participants, and merging it visually with the journey map helped the team to empathize easier with the target audience.
1.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Research
1.3 Target Audience Research
Method:
1-on-1 interviews with 5 participants
Participants Criterias:
+ Payment Methods (Metropass/Presto)
+ Type (Daily/Seasonal)
1.4 Insights
Persona
Digging deeper into it, we found that when humans are densely packed, instead of getting to know and be nice to each other, people feel threatened.
So, what is socially acceptable and not, gets blurred, as long as they achieve their goal.
During this state, people either:
• Enter into an empty state of mind
• Find low cognitive distractions on their phone
• Be nostalgic of good times from their past
They do All of Those just to commute, EVERY. SINGLE. DAY.
The feeling of losing their personal space and lack of control of their environment is the main direct cause of stressful commute experience.
2.0 Challenge
2.1 Meaningless Experience
Commuters feel the time they spent during Overcrowding is meaningless towards their life, but they cannot not do it. This in turns make them feel meaningless, as if they have no worth at all.
HOW MIGHT WE
Give a meaning to the time commuters spent during their commute, in order to alleviate frustrations caused by ineffective transit system.
2.2 Socio-Cultural: 'Experiences', 'Features'
Current solutions to commute problems are products repurposed from its original function. Products that are created specifically for Overcrowding does not exist, regardless of the fact that it is a Macro Problem Space. We know that our solution would face a socio-cultural barrier when it got into the market. To prevent that, we chose to focus on making 'Experiences', instead of 'Features'.
We theorize that commuter's basic needs are already fulfilled by existing products and instead, by not focusing on 'Features', we could focus our core value proposition to fulfill their psychological and self-fulfillment needs.
Time Limit: 8 Weeks
Due to the given short time to create a fully functional MVP, we realized that we would have to do a precedence study and reverse engineer it to a product that solves our problem space to keep our funding. We would validate it through a limited beta testing of 100 participants to confirm the validity of our solution.
3.0 Strategy
3.1 Precedence Study: Pokemon Go
Because Overcrowding is also a spatial problem, there’s the possibility of solving the problem space by merging tangible experience with technology. So we looked at current successful implementation of AR by end users, Pokemon Go. We did an in-depth analysis of key experiences that are fundamental to its success.
3.2 Motivations
Deeper analysis of our target audience through Persona, we found that due to the liminal nature of commute experience, people like the idea of being able to see and own a proof of their experience. Our team believe that there is a potential for a digital product to help with that.
Motivations Analysis
3.3 Artifact: Photograph
Looking at the success of other moment-capture product (Instagram), we theorize that using the same artifact, Photograph, we could help commuters to create a meaning by giving them the tool to capture and store moments of their commute experience.
Big Idea
4.0 Deliverable - Minimum Viable Experience
Ideation Sketch
4.1 Usability Testing
We did 2 rounds of User Testing with 5 Participants each with a lo-fi wireframe to identify usability problems. The main usability problem was caused by the main navigation. Backtracking to the Task Flow, we found that we need to simplify the amount of choices in the 3D Map screen to limit visual attention competition.
4.2 Latest Version
Epics 1: Game
Within 8 Weeks, the team decided to focus on 4 Epics that are the core of the experience. We used quantitative and qualitative metrics from the User Testing to prioritize which part of the product experience needed improvement.
Epics 2: Redeem for Presto $
Within 8 Weeks, the team decided to focus on 4 Epics that are the core of the experience. We used quantitative and qualitative metrics from the User Testing to prioritize which part of the product experience needed improvement.
Epics 3: In-Game Shop
Within 8 Weeks, the team decided to focus on 4 Epics that are the core of the experience. We used quantitative and qualitative metrics from the User Testing to prioritize which part of the product experience needed improvement.
Epics 4: Mutantpedia
Within 8 Weeks, the team decided to focus on 4 Epics that are the core of the experience. We used quantitative and qualitative metrics from the User Testing to prioritize which part of the product experience needed improvement.
5.1 Invision Prototype
5.0 UI Spec
We made 6 sets of UI Spec for: Color, Typography, Grid and Layout Spacings, Iconography, Buttons, and Content Component. To simplify the process, our team created an Atomic UI System. This will provide a concise organization system for any prospective team members to seamlessly contribute right away to our team. The system will be an on-going system documentation of the product.
5.1.1 Atom: Color
5.1.2 Atom: Typography
5.1.3 Atom: Spacings
5.1.4 Atom: Iconography
5.1.5 Atom: Motion Interactions
5.2.1 Molecules: Layouts
5.2.2 Molecules: Buttons
5.3.1 Templates: Content Component
5.4 Visual Identity
5.4.1 Mascot Character Design
Coming to this project, none of our team member had ever designed any characters at all. Through a user-centred design process, anything is possible. Since Mascots and NPC(Non-Playable Characters) in games are part of the atmosphere and mood of the game, we started the mascot character design with a character background story.
Pascal, a 23rd century Research-Bot are tasked to compile a database of Mutants.
A time-travel accident happened and the bot arrived with only his face.
5.4.2 Wordmark
I re-used the same grid generated by mascot character to keep a consistent proportion amongst all graphic elements. I started the wordmark exploration using primary font family, Avenir Next, in Bold.
5.4.3 Lifestyle Branding
6.0 Reflections
What I Learned
1. Test Early, Test Often
The result of the first User Testing blew our mind. I did not realized that I had so many assumptions when designing the navigation flow. Instead of focusing on the players, I got overwhelmed by the deadline. Fortunately, I was able to stick to our schedule and test it early enough that I could make improvement to the experience.
2. Daily Assumptions Discovery
Because I was making a product that is serving a Macro Problem Space, I found that I also have a macro scale assumptions. To prevent any bias during the design process, I spent 10 minutes daily to make a list of any assumptions that I realized that I was making after a good night sleep.
Next Steps
1. Validate and Iterate
The latest prototype version has yet to be tested. So, the most crucial part to proceed would be to validate that version first before starting the next iteration.
2. Character Design
With over 10,000 characters, 8 Weeks was not enough to design all of them. If the right opportunity comes up, I would like to go back and design at least 1% of them. If I design 1 character a day, it would take me around 33 years to fully design all of the character by myself.
3. Other Seasons
Because it is an MVP, the other 3 seasons: Spring, Summer, and Fall, have yet to be designed. So, in the next forseeable future, I would be going back and designing it.


Table Of ContentsPrevious topic< Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Exception Next topic |
Class Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group¶Helper class to create a group of routes with common attributes <?php
$router = new Phalcon\Mvc\Router();
//Create a group with a common module and controller
$blog = new Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group(array(
'module' => 'blog',
'controller' => 'index'
));
//All the routes start with /blog
$blog->setPrefix('/blog');
//Add a route to the group
$blog->add('/save', array(
'action' => 'save'
));
//Add another route to the group
$blog->add('/edit/{id}', array(
'action' => 'edit'
));
//This route maps to a controller different than the default
$blog->add('/blog', array(
'controller' => 'about',
'action' => 'index'
));
//Add the group to the router
$router->mount($blog);
Methods¶public __construct ([array $paths]) Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group constructor public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group setHostname (string $hostname) Set a hostname restriction for all the routes in the group public string getHostname () Returns the hostname restriction public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group setPrefix (string $prefix) Set a common uri prefix for all the routes in this group public string getPrefix () Returns the common prefix for all the routes public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group beforeMatch (unknown $beforeMatch) Set a before-match condition for the whole group public string getBeforeMatch () Returns the before-match condition if any public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group setPaths (array $paths) Set common paths for all the routes in the group public array|string getPaths () Returns the common paths defined for this group public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route [] getRoutes () Returns the routes added to the group protected Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route _addRoute () Adds a route applying the common attributes public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route add (string $pattern, [string/array $paths], [string $httpMethods]) Adds a route to the router on any HTTP method <?php
$router->add('/about', 'About::index');
public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addGet (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is GET public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addPost (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is POST public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addPut (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is PUT public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addPatch (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is PATCH public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addDelete (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is DELETE public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addOptions (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Add a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is OPTIONS public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Route addHead (string $pattern, [string/array $paths]) Adds a route to the router that only match if the HTTP method is HEAD public clear () Removes all the pre-defined routes public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group convert (string $name, callable $converter) Adds a converter to perform an additional transformation for certain parameter public array|null getConverters () Returns the router converter public Phalcon\Mvc\Router\Group setName (unknown $name) Set the name of the group public string getName () Returns the name of this group |