Help Index
ABOUT
Welcome to Cogo! Cogo was developed as a free, accessible way of solving land survey computations.Anyone can use Cogo. It is aimed at land surveying and geomatics engineering students, and others wanting to do surveying computations without expensive coordinate geometry software. Cogo is web-based and does not require installation.
Cogo is easy to use, and provides the practiced user with a faster way of performing calculations. For now, it is exclusively a calculator, but future versions may be capable of producing survey drawings.
For more information, contact us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>COPYRIGHT, TERMS
Copyright © 2018 Mark R. Mason, BCLS.Cogo is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
Cogo is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
For more information, contact us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>VERSIONS
Each older version of Cogo will remain available here. Future versions of Cogo will be able to open all data produced by earlier versions.Cogo v. 1.5 – Apr 10, 2018
Overview:- Enabled sketch navigation on touch devices
- Improved curve calculator to allow solutions based on any two values
- Allowed entry of quadrantal bearings
- Moved HI and HT inputs to the main traverse area, removed from settings
- Added records contents and sketch states to saved file contents (backward compatible)
- Added ability to draw lines as points are being stored
- Improved tab order and element focus on return from prompts
- Added input by sketch point selection
- Allowed 'Enter' key to advance through input fields
- Added perimeter value to area calculations
- Bug fixes
- Sketch performance is laggy on lower-powered mobile devices
- Sketches behave erratically in some browsers when using a touch screen with a desktop computer
Cogo v. 1.4 – Nov 1, 2017
Overview:- Added "Adjust" tab featuring compass rule traverse adjustment with sideshots
- Added point-based line and arc drawing tools
- Added save/open feature, allowing archiving of named jobs (as .QCG file) to local computer
- Allowed editing of existing points without requiring previous deletion
- Added page exit warning to guard against accidental data loss
- Made Transform more flexible
- Improved sketch behaviour
- Bug fixes
- Compass rule adjustments must be performed by two fixed points, not by 1 fixed point and a fixed azimuth
Cogo v. 1.3 – Sept 1, 2017
Overview:- Update to HTML5 and modern standards
- Improved performance on mobile devices
- Added support for import of CSV as well as space separated points files
- Added support of DDD°MM'SS.SS..." style angle/azimuth input
- Sketches and reporting more user-friendly and complete
- Updated to SVG graphics for compatibility with future enhancements
- Added real-time input field checking, basic point name suggest
- Improved auto-complete behaviour
- Minor bug fixes
- Manipulation of sketches on touch devices is clumsy
- Not tested on many mobile platforms
- Zooming sketch far from active operation / near limits produces unpredictable results
- Tabbing far past end of form elements causes sketch controls to disappear
- Internet Explorer versions 11 and below struggle to render SVG graphics
Cogo v. 1.2 (Beta) – Jan 1, 2010
Overview:- Zooming and panning of all sketches
- Triangle and curve solver
- Shortcut keys for all major operations
- Input constants, distance and area units
- Input expressions / existing point expressions
- Improved auto-complete behaviour
- Bug fixes
- Removing focus from browser window while editing points record corrupts record behaviour in some browsers
- Zooming in on some curves produces nonsense sketch
- Meaningless "Charcode" JavaScript warning produced in some versions of Firefox
Cogo v. 1.1 (Beta) – Sept 1, 2009
Overview:- Capable of basic plane survey computations, area calculations, and point manipulations
- Point import and export possible
- Automatic sketches provided for cogo operations
- Improperly entered radial points produce confusing alerts and possible minor JavaScript error
- Improperly entered HA in traverse menu produces nonsense results
- Point sort does not work properly for mixed numbers and strings
- Point suggest disappears when scroll bar clicked in some browsers
Future Versions
Future versions of Cogo MAY include: cloud storage and account features, least squares adjustments, Helmert's transformation, automatic error propagation, sketch image outputting and DXF export, more complex linework, labelling and point-and-click drafting facilities, clothoid and roading calculations, map projections, heighting, and pro-rata operations.DOWNLOAD
Cogo can be downloaded to your computer and used when you're not connected to the internet.Download the zipped folder and unzip it. The folder contains the current source code (HTML, CSS, and JavaScript), for reference and improvement. To run Cogo, open "index.html" in an Internet browser.
Do not choose "Save Page As ..." in your browser. This method of saving Cogo is unreliable, and may produce a large variety of errors.
On some mobile devices, adding Cogo to your home screen will allow you to access Cogo like an app instead of a web page.
USING Q-COGO
You can start entering data and performing calculations as soon as Cogo loads. If you don't need to save your work, just exit the browser window when you're finished. Leaving Cogo or refreshing the page will erase any unsaved data.Saving Your Work
If you want to save your work (points, lines, settings and records) to your computer, first name your job at the left side of the title bar. Next, click the icon to save to your local machine. Control over the default save location is managed through your browser.Open saved jobs by clicking on the icon. Cogo files have a ".qcg" file extension and can only be used by Cogo.
You can import comma-separated or space-separated points files by choosing "Edit", then pasting the contents of your text file into the points record. Export space-separated points by choosing "Select", then copying the record into a text file.
You can copy and paste the contents of any output record into a text file to reference later by choosing "Select".
Navigation and Data Entry
Each area in Cogo includes pop-up help topics. Click on the nearest icon to learn more.Cogo will automatically sketch points, lines, and all COGO operations. Sketches automatically zoom to the most relevant area, but you can zoom or pan manually for a better view. Arcs and lines can be drawn at any time to provide context.
Azimuths and angles must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals allowed). Quadrantal bearings can be entered by indicating the quadrant, for example "SW" followed by the bearing. Entering (or clicking) two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points. Simple mathematical expressions are allowed. Data can be entered by clicking on sketch points.
Point names and descriptions may be up to 8 characters. Any spaces will be replaced with underscores ('_'). Point names must not include commas (',') asterisks ('*') or dashes ('-').
For faster input, move between data fields by pressing 'Tab'.
All Cogo operations have been extensively checked; however, the possibility of error (especially with erroneous input) still exists. Be sure that results make sense, and double-check important work.
Please report bugs in detail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>PERFORMANCE
Cogo was designed to be used in all modern browsers, but performance will vary depending on your choice of web browser and the capabilities of your computer. Cogo uses JavaScript for most functions: to use Cogo, you MUST enable JavaScript in your browser.Sketches
Cogo uses Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) to sketch calculations. If you can't see sketches being generated automatically while you work, update your browser or switch to a browser that supports SVG.Cogo has no maximum number of points, but zooming and panning sketches with a very large number of points and lines will result in laggy performance on slow computers. To improve performance, turn off point labelling or delete unnecessary points.
Browsers
Cogo was designed in Google Chrome. Using Cogo in Chrome is highly recommended for fast, error-free performance.Internet Explorer versions 11 and below render SVG graphics slowly, resulting in long lags and browser crashes. Using Internet Explorer is possible but NOT recommended.
Recent standards-compliant browsers should provide good performance. Because Cogo uses modern web components, update your browser to the latest version. In any browser, refreshing or leaving the page will result in your work being lost. Save your work often.
Cogo has not been tested with older browsers, many mobile devices, or obscure operating systems.
Please report bugs in detail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>SKETCH
To navigate around the sketch with a mouse, zoom by using the scroll wheel or 'Page Up' / 'Page Down'. Pan by holding the left mouse button or using the arrow keys. Double-click the sketch or press the middle circle to refresh the sketch. A clickable navigation area is also provided.On a touch-enabled device, zoom by pinching the sketch with two fingers. Drag the sketch with one finger to pan.
Clicking on sketch points from a data entry field will add data to the field in the appropriate format. For example, in a field that accepts a list of points, point names will be separated by commas. In a field that accepts an angle or a distance, a 'Pt1..Pt2' expression will be formed instead.
Draw arcs and lines by choosing the appropriate tool, then clicking on the points in the sketch as instructed. Delete lines or arcs by choosing the delete tool, then picking the segments. If the line tool is selected, Cogo will draw lines between points as they are stored.
Toggle point labels (Point Name | Elevation | Description | None) by clicking on the link.
TIPS AND TRICKS
Cogo will sort and suggest points more effectively if point names are numeric. On mobile platforms, only numbers can be entered. For best results, don't include letters or symbols unless you absolutely need to.If the default text size is too small in your desktop browser, try zooming the page. Cogo is completely scalable, so all components will adjust automatically to fit the screen.
To efficiently save files to your computer, set your browser to prompt for a save location instead of using the default download folder. This will allow you to over-write an existing file if you want to.
Data can be entered very quickly. Try using the Enter or Tab keys to navigate between fields, picking points by clicking on the drawing, and using "Pt..Pt" notation to retrieve bearing or distance inverses in any field.
POINTS RECORD
The Points Record displays a list of current points. Points are listed from left to right in the following columns:Pt:Point Name
N:Northing
E:Easting
Z:Elevation
Desc:Description
To sort the points record, click on the desired column header in the points record title.
To load points from a text file, click "edit", then paste the file contents into the text area. Points must be space or comma separated in PNEZD format with no special characters.
To expand the points record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
POINTS ( p )
To store a point, enter its details as follows, then click "Store". Entering an existing point number will edit that point:Pt:Point Name
N:Northing
E:Easting
Z:Elevation
Desc:Description
"Pt" and "Desc" may be up to 8 characters. Any spaces will be replaced with underscores ('_'). "Pt" must not must not contain simple mathematical characters, dots ('.'), or commas (',').
To delete a point, enter its name, then click "Delete". To delete a list of points, enter the point names separated by commas (','). Two points separated by a dash ('-') or dots ('..') indicate a range of points. Entering "*.*" indicates all current points.
To edit a point, enter the Point Name to retrieve the current point values. Edit the values, then choose "Store".
TRAVERSE RECORD
The Traverse Record displays a history of all traverses performed, whether a point was stored or not. To see previous traverses, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the traverse record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
TRAVERSE ( t )
To solve a traverse without storing a point, choose "Solve". To solve a traverse and store a point, choose "Trav" or "SS". ("Trav" will increment the "From" and "BS" inputs, while "SS" will not.) Entering an existing point number will edit that point.Traverses can be performed by "Azimuth" (angle clockwise from North) or by "Angle" (angle clockwise from a backsight point). Switch between traverse types by clicking on the title.
Traverses can be performed in 2D (horizontal distance) or 3D (slope distance and zenith angle). Switch between traverse dimensions by clicking on the title.
Azimuths and angles must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals and quadrantal bearings allowed). Entering (or clicking) two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points. Simple mathematical expressions are allowed.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Enter the traverse data – From "103", Azimuth "30.1245", Horizontal Distance "45.123", and choose "Solve". To Store a point, enter the point number and description and choose "Trav" or "SS".Next, click the "Azimuth" link to toggle to Angle mode. Enter "102" as the Backsight point (leave the other data in place) and choose "Solve". Notice that the angle is now measured from point 102 instead of from North.
Toggling from 2D to 3D will allow you to enter a Zenith Angle and Slope Distance instead of a Horizontal Distance. Don't forget to enter the heights of your instrument and target!
INVERSE RECORD
The Inverse Record displays a history of all inverses performed. To see previous inverses, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the inverse record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
INVERSE ( i )
Inverses can be performed between two points or between a point and a line, the line being defined by two points. Switch between inverse types by clicking on the title.Inverses can be performed in 3D or, for simplicity, in 2D. Switch between inverse dimensions by clicking on the title.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Enter the inverse points – From "514", To "512", and choose "Solve".Next, click the "Point" link to toggle to Line mode. 514 and 512 are now the Start and End points of a line. Enter "507" as the From point and choose "Solve".
INTERSECT RECORD
The Intersect Record displays a history of all intersections performed, whether a point was stored or not. To see previous intersections, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the intersect record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
INTERSECT ( x )
To solve an intersection without storing a point, choose "Solve". To solve an intersection and store a point, choose "Store". Entering an existing point number will edit that point.Intersections can be performed between any two points with a non-zero horizontal distance between them. The intersection may be "Brg-Brg" (two directions), "Brg-Dist" (a direction and a distance) or "Dist-Dist" (two distances). Switch between intersection types by clicking on the title.
Intersections may only be performed in 2D. Resulting points will be stored with an elevation of zero.
Azimuths must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals and quadrantal bearings allowed). Entering (or clicking) two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points. Simple mathematical expressions are allowed.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Enter the Bearing-Bearing intersection data – From "510", Azimuth "130.2345", To "513", Azimuth "245.3255", and choose "Solve". To Store a point, enter the point number and description and choose "Store".Next, click the "Brg-Brg" link to toggle to Bearing-Distance and Distance-Distance modes. Try entering your own data. The last two modes produce 2 solutions – you'll be asked which solution you want to use.
Remember that parallel bearings don't intersect, and calculations involving distances won't intersect if a distance is too small or too large!
TRANSFORM RECORD
The Transform Record displays a history of all transformations performed (shifts, scales and rotations). To see previous transformations, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the transform record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
TRANSFORM ( f )
To transform a list of points, enter the point names separated by commas (','). Two points separated by a dash ('-') or dots ('..') indicate a range of points. Entering "*.*" indicates all current points. Choose to transform By "Values" or By "Points" by clicking on the title.Points may be:
- Shifted ("+N", "+E", or "+Z" in By Values mode, or "Az" and "Dist" in By Points mode),
- Scaled by a scale factor ("SF"), or
- Rotated ("Rot" in By Values mode, or "Dir 1" and "Dir 2" in By Points mode).
The transformation will preserve parallel lines and distance ratios – that is, a transformed square will remain a square.
Angles must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals and quadrantal bearings allowed). Simple mathematical expressions are allowed when entering angles or distances.
In By Values mode ONLY, Entering (or clicking) two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the appropriate 1-dimensional difference between those points (Northing, Easting or Elevation). In By Points mode, this notation will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points as usual.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Enter the transform data – Points "601..606", About "605", Northing Shift "-5.125", Easting Shift "-4.915", Elevation Shift "1.000", Rotation "355.2705" and choose "Transform". Leave Scale Factor blank. Choose to commit to the transformation to edit the points.Notice that the house has been moved and rotated within the lot. Linework will follow points when they are edited or transformed.
Next, click the "Values" link to toggle to Points mode. Enter an azimuth of "6..1", a distance of "3", and an Elevation Shift of "601..6". Enter "606..601" for Direction 1, and "1..6" for Direction 2. Tranform the points.
Notice that the house has been turned to the destination direction – parallel to the West lot boundary. The elevations have all been shifted to 0, which was the difference between points 601 and 6. The house has been shifted along an azimuth parallel to the West boundary.
In the Values mode, try entering "104..515" in the Northing Shift, Easting Shift, and Elevation Shift areas. Notice how only the 1-dimensional component is returned instead of the usual 2-dimensional inverse value.
ADJUST RECORD
The Adjust Record displays a history of all traverse adjustments performed. To see previous adjustments, simply scroll through the text box. To see full details of even the most recent adjustment, you will need to expand the record or scroll up.To expand the adjust record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
ADJUST ( j )
To perform a traverse adjustment, enter the required existing points, always in the direction of the traverse progression. An asterisk ('*') after a point (eg: Pt*) indicates that the point is a sideshot from the last main traverse point."Start" point(s) are the 1-2 fixed points at the beginning of the traverse. These points cannot be sideshots and will not be adjusted.
"Close" point(s) are the 1-2 fixed points at the end of the traverse. These points cannot be sideshots and will not be adjusted. Start and Close points may be the same.
"Adj", or Adjust points, are the points which will be adjusted. At least 2 main traverse (non-sideshot) points must be entered, or at least 3 if 2 close points are entered. The last 1-2 main traverse Adjust points must match the 1-2 Close points.
If 2 Start points and 2 Close points are entered, an angle balance will be performed prior to the compass rule adjustment. If only 1 Start and/or Close point is entered, only a compass rule adjustment will be performed.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Enter data as follows to form a closed-loop traverse:- Start points: "101,102"
- Close points: "101,102"
- Adjust points: "103,1*,510*,514*,104,4*,515*,105,106"
Tips
Points, even Start and Close points, must always be entered in the direction of the traverse progression. The last 1-2 main traverse Adjust points must correspond to the 1-2 Close points.Always check the results and the sketch using the "Solve" button before using "Adjust" to permanently update the points database.
Review that the Adjust settings (in the Settings area) are configured correctly before performing an adjustment. To see more detailed analysis, choose "Detailed" info instead of "Quick".
Methodology
Adjustments are performed from existing points, not RAW observations. However, RAW observations are interpolated from existing point coordinates, which produces the same results without requiring a separate observation data file.Traverses are adjusted in two steps: Angle Balance and Compass Rule.
Angle Balance compares the calculated closing azimuth to the observed closing azimuth. If the closure is acceptable, each observed angle receives an identical adjustment, regardless of the length of the observation line. Angle balance requires 2 start points and 2 close points to work. If you want to adjust using only the compass rule, enter only 1 Start point and/or 1 Close point.
If you only wish to enter a closing angle (no distance was observed), a dummy point must be entered, preferably at the known closing distance.
Compass Rule adjusts points based on the traverse misclosure Angle Balance. (Remember, balancing angles can sometimes make the traverse closure larger.) Coordinates are adjusted based on line length, with longer observations receiving larger adjustments.
Balancing a traverse with only a fixed opening/closing azimuth is not yet possible in Cogo. Starting on 2 fixed points at the initial azimuth will approximate this result, but the first observed distance will be held fixed.
Misclosure Calculations
Angle misclosure is calculated by comparing opening and closing azimuths, only if 2 Start points and 2 Close points are entered.Distance misclosure is calculated at the first Close point. The second close point will be used for angle misclosure calculations only.
Traverse length is calculated from the last Start point to the first Close point. Distances between Start and Close points are not part of the traverse (and are not necessarily observed) and cannot be included in the traverse length.
Relative precision is computed by dividing the traverse length by the total misclosure and is rounded to 2 significant figures.
AREA RECORD
The Area Record displays a history of all area calculations performed. To see previous areas, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the area record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
AREA ( a )
To calculate the area bounded by a list of points, along with its corresponding perimeter, enter the point names separated by commas (','). Two points separated by a dash ('-') or dots ('..') indicate a range of points. Entering "*.*" indicates all current points, in their current order.An asterisk ('*') after a point (eg: Pt*) indicates a radial point on a curve with the shorter of two possible arc lengths. An asterisk before a point (eg: *Pt) indicates the longer arc length.
Bounding points and curves may be entered in a clockwise or counter-clockwise manner. The bounding path will automatically close to the first point. The bounding path must not cross itself or use a non-radial point more than once.
Before accepting an area calculation, inspect the sketch of the operation to ensure that your path does not intersect or meet itself, and that any curves deflect in the correct direction.
Example
Load sample data (Points area). Define the area of the outlined lot as follows: "1,6,5*,2,3,4". Notice that the "5*" denotes the centre of the curve. Eliminating this point and entering "1,6,2,3,4" excludes the segment area.SOLVER RECORD
The Solver Record displays a history of all solver calculations performed. To see previous triangle or curve solutions, simply scroll through the text box.To expand the solver record, double click inside it. Click outside the record to return to normal size.
SOLVER ( l )
Use the solver to solve triangles or circular curves. Switch between solver shapes by clicking on the title.To solve a triangle, enter 3 values, leave the other 3 blank, and choose "Solve". At least 1 of the values must be a side length.
To solve a circular curve, enter any 2 values, leave the other 3 blank, and choose "Solve". If entering Tangent and Length, Tangent must be negative to indicate a Delta greater that 180°.
In either Triangle or Curve mode, some value combinations may produce impossible shapes or shapes with extremely sensitive geometry.
Angles must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals allowed). Entering two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points. Simple mathematical expressions are allowed.
Example
In Triangle mode, enter 45°00'00" for A, "23.000" for a, "30.000" for b, and choose "Solve". Leave the other values blank. Notice that this input is ambiguous, so Cogo provides two possible solutions. Leaving A blank and entering 45°00'00" for B produces only 1 solution.Next, click "Triangle" to toggle to Curve mode. Enter "150.000" for Radius, "126.000" for Length, and choose "Solve". Entering "-23.000" for Tangent and "126.000" for Length will yield a curve with a Delta value larger than 180°. (Note that a positive Tangent in this same case would yield an impossible curve.)
PRECISION
To change the display precision for a particular value type, simply pick it from the appropriate drop down list. Settings will be reflected immediately in the points record. Other records will reflect the change in the results of the next operation.Changing display precision will not affect stored point precision. Stored points always carry ten decimal places to minimize rounding errors.
INPUT CONSTANTS
To apply a scale factor to entered distances, enter a value other than 1 for "SF". The scale factor will not be applied to coordinates, other scale factors, or HI / HT.To apply a rotation angle to entered azimuths, enter a non-zero value for "Rot". The angle will not be applied to other rotations, interior angles, or zenith angles.
Angles must be entered in DMS, of the form DDD.MMSSSS... or DDD°MM'SS.SS..." (seconds decimals and quadrantal bearings allowed). Entering (or clicking) two points separated by two dots ('Pt1..Pt2') will retrieve the distance or azimuth inverse between those points. Simple mathematical expressions are allowed.
UNITS
To change the working units, simply select a new value from the drop-down list. Changing units only changes the displayed units and does NOT apply a scale factor. To scale existing values, use "Transform". To scale input values, use "Input Constants" (above).Mixing metric and imperial units is not allowed. For example, selecting "Feet" as a distance unit will automatically change the area unit to "Acre". Changing "Disp?" changes the unit output visibility.
TRAVERSE TOLERANCES
To change the traverse closure tolerance settings, simply select new values from the drop-down lists.If the values calculated during the course of the traverse adjustment are higher than the chosen tolerances, the adjustment will fail.
"Prec" is the minimum relative precision for the traverse. "Misc" is the maximum allowable absolute distance misclosure. "Angle" is the maximum allowable angle adjustment to each traverse leg.
The "Info" toggle controls the level of detail in the traverse report. Choose "Quick" for a brief overview, and "Detailed" for full analysis.
HELP ( h )
To get help on a topic, choose the appropriate link from the list. The help content box will scroll to the topic. Scroll through the help content box to browse all help topics.Each area in Cogo includes pop-up help topics relevant to that area. Click on the nearest "?" icon learn more about using a feature.
SHORTCUT KEYS
For quick access, each menu item has a shortcut key – to find it, hover over the menu link. The following is a list of current menu shortcut keys:Points:p
Traverse:t
Inverse:i
Intersect:x
Transform:f
Adjust:j
Area:a
Solver:l
Settings:s
Help:h
To navigate through the sketch / inputs:
Pan:Arrow Keys
Zoom:Page up / Page Down
Refresh:Home
Next:Tab / Enter
To control the sketch linework tools:
Delete:Ctrl+d
Arcs:Ctrl+a
Lines:Ctrl+l
Cancel:Esc
ABBREVIATIONS
The following is a complete index of technical abbreviations used in Cogo:':Feet
+E:Easting Shift
+N:Northing Shift
+Z:Elevation Shift
BC:Beginning of Curve
Adj:Adjust
Ang:Angle
Az:Azimuth
Brg:Bearing
BS:Backsight
Desc:Description
Dir:Direction
Disp:Display
Dist:Distance
DMS:Degrees Minutes Seconds
E:Easting
EC:End of Curve
ft:Feet
Grd:Grade
Ha:Hectare
HA:Horizontal Angle
HD:Horizontal Distance
HI:Height of Instrument
HT:Height of Target
Len:Length
m:Metres
Misc:Misclosure
MO:Mid-Ordinate
N:Northing
Prec:Precision
Pt:Point Name
Rad:Radius
Rot:Rotation
SD:Slope Distance
SF:Scale Factor
sq:Square
SS:Sideshot
Stn:Stationing
Tang:Tangent
Trav:Traverse
VD:Vertical Distance
Z:Elevation
ZA:Zenith Angle


In The Beginning...


watchCurrentUserLocation()
Controller for geolocation. Monitors user's location. Uses browser built-in method 'navigator.geolocation.watchPosition' that triggers every time there is a change in user's location (triggered when $rootScope broadcasts that user is currently logged in).
Members
(static) options
Parameters for navigator.geolocation.watchPosition() that enable high accuracy mode (uses GPS, cellular tower signals, and WiFi, depending on avialability of each). It also accepts location information regardles of its age (Inifnity)
Methods
(static) success()
Triggers when change in user location is detected. Sends the user's location to the database (based on the user's unique ID)


Both of the text and source code of the contracts are licensed under MIT. Feel free to use them if you want.


With the launch of BF4 my feed is currently being "spammed" with a lot of shared battlepacks, reports, unlocks, campaign levels, etc... While I know they're actively shared by my friends I'm finding them very annoying and as far as I know there's no way to hide them just with Battlelog.
It would be awesome if someone can create a plugin to hide them.


Before Change
// Matches invalid increment: *count++, which moves pointer instead of
// incrementing a value.
_RE_PATTERN_INVALID_INCREMENT = re.compile(
r"^\s*\*\w+(\+\+|--);")
def CheckInvalidIncrement(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
Checks for invalid increment *count++.
After Change
") to ensure results are deterministic for a fixed Caffe seed.")
threading_list = (
("asctime(", "asctime_r("),
("ctime(", "ctime_r("),
("getgrgid(", "getgrgid_r("),
("getgrnam(", "getgrnam_r("),
("getlogin(", "getlogin_r("),
("getpwnam(", "getpwnam_r("),
("getpwuid(", "getpwuid_r("),
("gmtime(", "gmtime_r("),
("localtime(", "localtime_r("),
("strtok(", "strtok_r("),
("ttyname(", "ttyname_r("),
)
def CheckPosixThreading(filename, clean_lines, linenum, error):
Checks for calls to thread-unsafe functions.


Uses a 3x3 matrix thats determinate is relatively prime to 26. Then goes 3 letters at a time to encrypt.
If the message has an odd number of characters it will add one or two "Z" to the end. a = 1
Encrypt = [Matrix * [1st character, 2nd character, 3rd
character]] mod 26
Decrypt = [Inverse of Matrix * [1st character, 2nd character,
3rd character]] mod 26


class Solargraph::Diagnostics::Rubocop
This reporter provides linting through RuboCop.
Constants
- SEVERITIES
Conversion of RuboCop severity names to LSP constants
Public Instance Methods
diagnose(source, _api_map)
click to toggle source
@param source [Solargraph::Source] @param _api_map [Solargraph::ApiMap] @return [Array<Hash>]
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 25 def diagnose source, _api_map options, paths = generate_options(source.filename, source.code) store = RuboCop::ConfigStore.new runner = RuboCop::Runner.new(options, store) result = redirect_stdout{ runner.run(paths) } make_array JSON.parse(result) rescue RuboCop::ValidationError, RuboCop::ConfigNotFoundError => e raise DiagnosticsError, "Error in RuboCop configuration: #{e.message}" rescue JSON::ParserError raise DiagnosticsError, 'RuboCop returned invalid data' end
Private Instance Methods
make_array(resp)
click to toggle source
@param resp [Hash] @return [Array<Hash>]
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 41 def make_array resp diagnostics = [] resp['files'].each do |file| file['offenses'].each do |off| diagnostics.push offense_to_diagnostic(off) end end diagnostics end
offense_ending_position(off)
click to toggle source
@param off [Hash] @return [Position]
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 79 def offense_ending_position off if off['location']['start_line'] != off['location']['last_line'] Position.new(off['location']['start_line'], 0) else Position.new( off['location']['start_line'] - 1, off['location']['last_column'] ) end end
offense_range(off)
click to toggle source
@param off [Hash] @return [Range]
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 67 def offense_range off Range.new(offense_start_position(off), offense_ending_position(off)) end
offense_start_position(off)
click to toggle source
@param off [Hash] @return [Position]
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 73 def offense_start_position off Position.new(off['location']['start_line'] - 1, off['location']['start_column'] - 1) end
offense_to_diagnostic(off)
click to toggle source
Convert a RuboCop offense to an LSP diagnostic
@param off [Hash] Offense received from Rubocop
@return [Hash] LSP diagnostic
# File lib/solargraph/diagnostics/rubocop.rb, line 55 def offense_to_diagnostic off { range: offense_range(off).to_hash, # 1 = Error, 2 = Warning, 3 = Information, 4 = Hint severity: SEVERITIES[off['severity']], source: off['cop_name'], message: off['message'].gsub(/^#{off['cop_name']}\:/, '') } end


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Bionimbus is a collaboration between the Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology (IGSB) at the University of Chicago and the OSDC to develop open source technology for managing, analyzing, transporting, and sharing large genomics datasets in a secure and compliant fashion.
The Bionimbus Community Cloud, which the OSDC ran for several years, has now been integrated into the OSDC itself (you can use OSDC-Adler or OSDC-Sullivan), while open access biological and biomedical data is now part of the OSDC Data Commons (OSDC-Root). The OSDC Data Commons contains a variety of public biological datasets, including the 1,000 Genomes dataset.
The Bionimbus Protected Data Cloud (PDC) is a collaboration between the OSDC and the IGSB, the Center for Research Informatics (CRI), and the Institute for Translational Medicine (ITM) at the University of Chicago. The PDC allows users authorized by NIH to compute over human genomic data from dbGaP in a secure and compliant fashion. Currently, selected datasets from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) are available in the PDC.
More information about Bionimbus can be found at bionimbus.opensciencedatacloud.org
Matsu is a collaboration between NASA and the Open Commons Consortium to develop open source technology for cloud-based processing of satellite imagery to support the earth sciences.
The OSDC is used to process Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) satellite imagery from the Advanced Land Imager and the Hyperion instruments and to make this data available to interested users. We are currently working on developing services for detecting fires and floods and getting relevant information to first responders.
More information about Matsu can be found at matsu.opensciencedatacloud.org
OSDC supports Bookworm from Harvard's Cultural Observatory and offers a way to interact with digitized book content and full text search. Bookworm uses ngrams extracted from books in the public domain and integrates library metadata, including genre, author information, publication place and date. See bookworm.culturomics.org.
The Atwood Protected Data Cloud (aka Conte Cloud) is a Bionimbus based cloud computing infrastructure designed to store genomics, electronic medical records, and other sensitive data in a secure and compliant environment. The Atwood Protected Data Cloud is used by the Silvio O. Conte Center for Computational Neuropsychiatric Genomics. Based at the University of Chicago, the mission of the Conte Center is to apply integrated informatics and mathematical modeling to predict genetic and environmental factors underlying mental health and illness, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders and conduct disorder. Data includes legacy genetic association and linkage datasets, including over 60 TB of genomic (e.g. GWAS, whole exome) and phenotypic (e.g. clinical, brain imaging) data from the National Database of Autism Research (NDAR), as well as data sets from the Center for Collaborative Studies on Mental Disorders supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, which gives authorized researchers access to the relevant collections.
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) launched a public research consortium named ENCODE, the Encyclopedia Of DNA Elements, in September 2003, to carry out a project to identify all functional elements in the human genome sequence. The OSDC provides a hot back up of all the data from the ENCODE project and enables interested researchers the ability to compute over all this data using the OSDC.
The modENCODE project is described in Unlocking the Secrets of the Genome, Nature 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):927-30.
Knowledge does not arise from the simple accumulation of facts. Rather, it is a complex, dynamic system, and its emergent outcomes -including scientific consensus- are unpredictable. The complexity of knowledge creation has exploded with the growing number of participating scientists and citizens. If human knowledge is to grow efficiently, we need a deeper understanding of the processes by which knowledge is conceived, validated, shared and reinforced. We need to understand the limits of knowledge in relation to these processes. In short, we need knowledge about knowledge.
The current explosion of digitally available text, including journal publications, books, patents and news articles, makes it possible for the first time in history to study the dynamics that shape scientific research at scale, as the latest computational tools can capture some of the richness of these insights. The Metaknowledge Project develops leading edge machine learning and data mining tools and methods to catalyze a new field devoted to understanding the current shape and limits of human understanding. The project is lead by James Evans from the department of sociology and the Computation Institute at the University of Chicago.
The Open Science Data Cloud (OSDC) PIRE Program provides U.S. graduate students, post doctoral scientists, and early career scientists with fellowships so that they can work with OSDC PIRE partners in a variety of countries around the world on big data science.
The OSDC has PIRE Partners in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Brazil, the Netherlands, Japan, Korea and China. The OSDC PIRE program is hosted by the University of Chicago, Florida International University, and the University of Illinois at Chicago. The OSDC PIRE program is supported in part by a five-year grant from the National Science Foundation.
If you are a US Citizen or permanent resident and are interested in this unique opportunity, please contact info@occ-data.org


To begin, I created a github public key. For that, I have to create a private and public key using ssh-keygen program. For complete reference, read GitHub documentation.
Edited using Vim editor.
initial commit from visual studio.


In November 2019, This Is What Each Zodiac Should Be Thankful For
In November 2019, This Is What Each Zodiac Should Be Thankful For
By January Nelson Updated November 15, 2019
Kiy Turk It’s not always about thanking others. Sometimes, it’s about thanking yourself. By January Nelson Updated November 15, 2019
Aries
You should be thankful for your endurance. You never slow down. You never give up.
Taurus
You should be thankful for your enthusiasm.
Gemini
You should be thankful for your resourcefulness.
Cancer
You should be thankful for your self-control. Even when your emotions get the best of you, you’re still able to handle yourself with grace and dignity.
Leo
You should be thankful for your sincerity.
Virgo
You should be thankful for your versatility. You can adapt to any situation. You can overcome any obstacle.
Libra
You should be thankful for your gentleness. Life hasn’t hardened you. You still see the best in everyone.
Scorpio
You should be thankful for your charisma.
Sagittarius
You should be thankful for your sensitivity. Everything you feel, you feel strongly. Including happiness.
Capricorn
You should be thankful for your patience. You understand hard work takes time to pay off and have never strayed from your dreams.
Aquarius
You should be thankful for your generosity. You do so much for other people, even though they don’t alway appreciate it.
Pisces
You should be thankful for your optimism. No matter how bad things get, you always have faith something better is around the corner.
About the author
January Nelson is a writer, editor, dreamer, and occasional exotic dancer. Her work has appeared on Facebook, ... Read more articles from January on Thought Catalog.
Learn more about Thought Catalog and our writers on our about page.
- 0


---
layout: post
title: ! 'Ubuntu and Asus EEEpc: Optimizing your netbook experience'
date: 2010-09-08 01:40:09.000000000 +05:30
categories:
- tech
- ubuntu
tags: []
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_edit_last: '1'
_wp_old_slug: ''
author:
login: admin
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: admin
first_name: ''
last_name: ''
---
[caption id="" align="alignright" width="240" caption="Asus EEE"][/caption]
I recently became the owner of an Asus 1005HA netbook. It's a nice lightweight little machine, that runs spiffy, and looks good.
It came installed with Windows XP by default, and I replaced that with Ubuntu Netbook Remix. Well (EasyPeasy, actually.. but it's just UNR + some additional apps). Below are various mods I made to make the netbook interface much better, and more useful.
- The gnome-panel in the Netbook interface is locked.. so you cannot add additional items, nor remove unnecessary ones. To fix this follow the instructions on this page.
- The applet I wanted to add was sshmenu. As a lot of my work is on multiple remote machines, this applet is a must have. apt-get install sshmenu-gnome should install this applet.
- A Thinkpad T61 being my other machine, I missed the dedicated middle-click a lot on the Eee. Follow the instructions here to map the useless menu button to middle click (Need to add a script to startup applications).
- Multitouch. Though the Eee has a multitouch capable touchpad, it is not enabled by default. Just append the following to the startup script you wrote in the previous step:
# Now setup multitouch
sleep 2
xinput set-int-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Two-Finger Scrolling" 8 1
xinput set-int-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling" 8 1 1
xinput set-int-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure" 32 10
xinput set-int-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Synaptics Two-Finger Width" 32 8
- Install sshfs, and pysshfs for remote access to filesystems.
- Uninstall Tomboy notes. Install Gnotes.. much faster.
- Mic wont work with Skype. There's 2 mics on the Eee.. and apparently the fix is to zero volume on one. This and this post helped me get it working.
- Grab the Lucida/Mac fonts from the net and set your Appearance settings to use these at Size 9. Looks good.
- Install games for when you have a few minutes to kill. I setup some online multiplayer games like Frozen-bubble, Teeworlds, Gtetrinet. There's a whole bunch of games out there.
- Install Pidgin, tsclient, vnc if you are an IRC user, and work remotely.
- Firefox default eats up some screen estate. Install the addons AutoHideStatusbar, AdBlock Plus, Hide Menubar, Download StatusBar. These will free up space. Also get rid of the bookmarks bar (View > Toolbars > Uncheck Bookmarks)
- Install gnome-do. All your actions are now Win + Spacebar away. (apt-get install gnome-do)
- Install Audacious as the music player : apt-get install audacious.
- Install VLC and mplayer from Medibuntu.
- Disable unnecessary items from Preferences > Startup applications. In my case these were Bluetooth, Check for New Hardware, Ubuntu One, Update Notifier, Visual Assistance.
With these changes, your netbook is a meaner, more efficient version of itself. If there's some other things you've done to customize your Eee, leave a comment.


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5. Recursion and Early Returns
Direct Recursive Calls
Within a bound function (a method), the variable self
always refers to the object the function is bound to. Some languages use this
for that purpose. Sandpiper also has a keyword this
, but it refers to the function in which it appears. The most common usage is to perform recursive calls:
;; calls itself with ever-larger arguments
infinity => [ n -> (n inc) ::this ]
We can make a standard recursive Fibonacci generator without this
fibonacci => [ n ->
n: <= 1:
if-true [ n ]
if-false [
((n - 1) ::fibonacci) + ((n - 2) ::fibonacci) ] ].
but the function has to be named in order for it to work. We’d like to use this
instead, to make it more portable. A good attempt might be
fibonacci => [ n ->
n: <= 1:
if-true [ n ]
if-false [
((n - 1) ::this) + ((n - 2) ::this) ] ].
but there’s a big problem: this
refers to the body of the if-false
clause, which is not what we want to recurse into. (And, since that function doesn’t take any arguments, and we’re trying to pass a number in, we’ll immediately get an error.) Let’s start building this again, bit by bit.
A Fibonacci number is the sum of the two prior Fibonacci numbers in the sequence. This is easy to represent:
fibonacci => [ n ->
((n - 1) ::this) + ((n - 2) ::this) ].
We’re calling the right function with this
, because its scope is still the outer function. We’ll leave this as the usual case, the “happy path,” but add an additional early return if n
is at a base case:
fibonacci => [ n ->
^^ n: <= 1:
if-true [ ^n ].
((n - 1) ::this) + ((n - 2) ::this).
].
There’s some new syntax here, the caret and double caret. We call them the “Return-Throw” ^
and “Catch-Bounce-Return” ^^
operators. The return-throw takes the expression that comes after it (in this case n
) and immediately throws it up the call stack. It’s similar to throwing exceptions in other languages, but it takes any object, and is meant primarily for early returns, instead of error conditions. There is no “try-catch block” mechanism for handling these throws in Sandpiper; instead, we use the catch-bounce-return operator ^^
. It prefixes a declaration, and catches any early return that gets thrown from inside anywhere in that declaration. Instead of catching it for the surrounding code to use, however, it returns the thrown value one last time out of the function it immediately appears in (out of this
where it appears).
Our function does what it’s supposed to at this point, but it’s inefficient. As a final touch, we should ask the compiler to memoize this function for us, so that the Fibonacci numbers at certain indices n
are remembered across branches of recursion. We’ll do that by putting the letter ‘m’ right after the closing bracket. We also want to make sure negative numbers are not given by making n
an Unsigned integer:
fibonacci => [ n (Unsigned) ->
^^ n: <= 1:
if-true [ ^n ].
((n - 1) ::this) + ((n - 2) ::this).
]m.
There must be no space between the bracket and the ‘m.’
A brief note on boolean logic
The primary mechanism for logical branching is the if-true()if-false()
method that’s available on every object. It takes two functions as arguments, and is implemented by default to return the value of the first function, the if-true
function. The method is overridden by Nil
and False
to return the value of the second function instead. Thus, all objects except Nil
and False
are logically truthy.
There are a number of similar methods like the solo if-true()
we used above.


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No Beauty in the `Eye of the Beholder' by Homer Yen (c) 2000
Have you ever been in an automobile accident where you've miraculously walked away with only a few scratches, yet the car has been obliterated into an unrecognizable, mangled wreck? Well, that has never actually happened to me and I hope that none of us will ever experience this situation. But after watching this inane exercise of a movie, I certainly feel that I've miraculously walked away unscathed after a two-hour ride that mercilessly careens back and forth before finally plummeting into an icy pond.
Oddly, `Eye of the Beholder,' which is a psychological-romance-thriller, starts off promisingly enough when the opening sequence introduces us to a British Intelligence agent, called The Eye (Ewan McGregor), working in Washington DC.  Using an array of high-tech surveillance and communications equipment, he proceeds to transmit pictures of the bared lawyer to PC screens and fax machines in his office. The law firm's employees get a good chuckle. The audience gets a good chuckle.
The Eye is later given an assignment where he encounters a beautiful woman (Ashley Judd). There is something compelling about this mysterious woman. Despite her glamorous looks, however, we learn that she is a psychopath with a propensity to kill men that get too close to her. After the murders, she sobs while singing the Christmas tune `Little Bluebirds' and laments about being abandoned by her father long ago. After each killing, she puts on a different wig, assumes a new name, and then makes her way to another state.
The Eye has witnessed all her murderous transgressions. But he does not alert the authorities. He somehow empathizes with her sense of loss. The Eye, it turns out, also is haunted by his past. His daughter was taken away from him and he anguishes this loss every day of his life. His tormented psyche creates a ghost-like image of his daughter with which he engages in conversation. She becomes a sort of spectral adviser, and one thing that the ghostly daughter says is that he must help the woman. He now diverts his energies into trying to help her find some kind of salvation. It doesn't matter that he has witnessed all of her murders. And it doesn't matter that The Eye is abnormally reticent, hiding his entire life behind computer screens. He follows her to a dozen different locales and shadows her every move to keep her out of trouble. When a crazed druggie (Jason Priestley) attacks her, he shows up for some quick butt kicking. When the police are closing in to arrest her, he provides a distraction so that she can escape. All the while, the woman has no idea who her guardian angel is and The Eye stays just out of sight. Peculiar.
How bad is this movie? I refer you to my `Review Quote Source' litmus test. Just take a look at the full-page ad in the newspaper and see where they are pulling quotes. For this movie, they are from magazines called `Flaunt' and `Mirabella.' No doubt, they were impressed with Judd's series of catwalks and disguise changes. The major problem with `Eye of the Beholder' is that the film jerks forward, always unsure of its ultimate destination. If it was a thriller, there was little to keep us entranced. If it was a love story, there was absolutely no emotional pull. Completely disjointed in structure, it's only saving grace was its stylish look which reminded me of my favorite car commercial (the one where the `6' on the tachometer dissolves into a winding road and a passenger rail car dissolves into a small miniature on a child's train set). I am also still hopeful that Ashley Judd will find a serious role to showcase her potential talents. Beyond that, the film is hopelessly out-of-control and is in need of seriously better traction and handling.
Grade: D
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


You've been searching /r/WritingPrompts for over an hour now, and there hasn't been a single solitary mention of Hitler in this whole time. Now, I know what you're thinking, you can get by without Hitler for a while, but the situation's worse than that. There's no Batman. No Harry Potter. No God (not in the atheist sense, merely in the sense that no writing prompts have featured a divine being of any sort. ICFWPtm LLC makes no statement for or against the presence or absense, past or future, of zero or more god(s) or godlike being(s)). No devil (see above). Not even the second-string celebrities like Aquaman.
Well, you could go to one of the more original writing prompts and-
I'm glad you asked! If you can't get your time-travelling Hitler Batman fanfic fix from the source, you can come to us. We bring you the finest prompts distilled from the essense of the subreddit, at a fraction of the cost! Announcing:
Using state-of-the-art specifically tailored Markov Models, It Came From Writing Prompts (ICFWP) determines the most used terms in Writing Prompt titles, and creates brand-new prompts based on familiar terms so you'll never have to deal with an unfamiliar prompt again! You'll be able to enjoy such prompts as:
Act Now to get your high-quality derivative prompts for free! Remember: When you think "God steals Stalin from the Devil to fight a mind-controlled robot clone of Ghengis Kahn in the streets of Neo Tokyo", think It Came From Writing Prompts!


Multinomial_Naive_Bayes¶
A worked example is given below
Here is the Training.csv link.
Be sure to store it in the same directory or edit the code according to your file path.
Here is the code implementation of Multinomial Naive Bayes:
import csv
import math
class Multinnomial_Naive_Bayes(object):
'''
Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier.
chinese_data : list
For holding strings of chinese Class
japanese_data : list
For holding strings of Japanese Class
prior_prob_c : float
Calculated Prior Probability of Chinese Class
prior_prob_j : float
Calculated Prior Probability of Japanese Class
llh_c : dict
count of each word in Chinese Class is saved as {word: count(word)}
llh_j : dict
count of each word in Japanese Class is saved as {word: count(word)}
words_in_c: int
Total words in Chinese Class
words_in_j: int
Total words in Japanese Class
v_count: int
Number of different words
'''
def __init__(self):
self.chinese_data = []
self.japanese_data = []
self.prior_prob_c = 0
self.prior_prob_j = 0
self.llh_c = {}
self.llh_j = {}
self.words_in_c = 0
self.words_in_j = 0
self.v_count = 0
def Prior_Probability(self, filename):
'''
Estimates Prior Probability of each class
filename :
csv file of Training Dataset
return : self
'''
cCount = 0
jCount = 0
with open(filename) as docs:
doc = csv.reader(docs, delimiter=',')
for row in doc:
if row[1] == 'c':
self.chinese_data.append(row[0])
cCount += 1
else:
self.japanese_data.append(row[0])
jCount += 1
self.prior_prob_c = cCount/(cCount+jCount)
self.prior_prob_j = jCount/(cCount+jCount)
def likelihood(self):
'''
Estimates Likelihood of each word of each class
return: self
'''
for row in self.chinese_data:
for word in row.split():
if word in self.llh_c:
self.llh_c[word] += 1
else:
self.llh_c.update({word:1})
self.v_count += 1
self.words_in_c += 1
for row in self.japanese_data:
for word in row.split():
if word in self.llh_j:
self.llh_j[word] += 1
else:
self.llh_j.update({word: 1})
if word not in self.llh_c:
self.v_count += 1
self.words_in_j += 1
def fit(self, filename):
'''
Calls Prior_Probability and likelihood function
filename :
csv file of Training Dataset
return : self
'''
self.Prior_Probability(filename)
self.likelihood()
def predict(self, str):
'''
After getting the string it predicts the value and classifies it according to
majority rule.
str : string
Contains test string for prediction
return: string
returns which class the test string belongs
'''
prb_in_c = 0
prb_in_j = 0
for word in str.split():
if word in self.llh_c and word in self.llh_j:
prb_in_c += math.log10((self.llh_c[word] + 1)/ (self.words_in_c + self.v_count))
prb_in_j += math.log10((self.llh_j[word] + 1)/ (self.words_in_j + self.v_count))
elif word in self.llh_c and word not in self.llh_j:
prb_in_c += math.log10((self.llh_c[word] + 1) / (self.words_in_c + self.v_count))
prb_in_j += math.log10(1 / (self.words_in_j + self.v_count))
elif word not in self.llh_c and word in self.llh_j:
prb_in_c += math.log10(1 / (self.words_in_c+self.v_count))
prb_in_j += math.log10((self.llh_j[word] + 1)/ (self.words_in_j + self.v_count))
else:
prb_in_c += math.log10( 1 / (self.words_in_c + self.v_count))
prb_in_j += math.log10( 1 / (self.words_in_j + self.v_count))
prb_in_c += math.log10(self.prior_prob_c)
prb_in_j += math.log10(self.prior_prob_j)
if prb_in_c > prb_in_j:
return "Class: Chinese"
else:
return "Class: Japanese"
if __name__ == '__main__':
nb = Multinnomial_Naive_Bayes()
nb.fit('Training.csv')
print(nb.predict("Chinese Chinese Chinese Tokyo Japan"))
-
class
Multinomial_Naive_Bayes.
Multinnomial_Naive_Bayes
¶ Bases:
object
Multinomial Naive Bayes Classifier.
- chinese_data : list
- For holding strings of chinese Class
- japanese_data : list
- For holding strings of Japanese Class
- prior_prob_c : float
- Calculated Prior Probability of Chinese Class
- prior_prob_j : float
- Calculated Prior Probability of Japanese Class
- llh_c : dict
- count of each word in Chinese Class is saved as {word: count(word)}
- llh_j : dict
- count of each word in Japanese Class is saved as {word: count(word)}
- words_in_c: int
- Total words in Chinese Class
- words_in_j: int
- Total words in Japanese Class
- v_count: int
- Number of different words
-
Prior_Probability
(filename)¶ Estimates Prior Probability of each class
- filename :
- csv file of Training Dataset
return : self
-
fit
(filename)¶ Calls Prior_Probability and likelihood function
- filename :
- csv file of Training Dataset
return : self
-
likelihood
()¶ Estimates Likelihood of each word of each class
return: self
-
predict
(str)¶ After getting the string it predicts the value and classifies it according to majority rule.
- str : string
- Contains test string for prediction
- return: string
- returns which class the test string belongs


RT @kittylyst: It's finally here. @karianna @jasonrclark #java https://www.manning.com/books/the-well-grounded-java-developer-second-edition?utm_source=kittylyst&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=book_evans2_wellgrounded_12_8_20&a_aid=kittylyst&a_bid=d07f0670
10/20/2022, 6:32:46 AM
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I enjoy problem solving on a varietly of platforms and empowering others to use technology to increase efficiency and output.
I enjoy learning new things.
via email: rochelle.schlaud@gmail.com


Webrecorder Interoperability
Ilya Kreymer and Mark Beasley
What is Webrecorder?
- Web Archiving Tool for Everyone!
- Symmetrical Archiving
- Same system for recording and replay
- High-fidelity, interactive, user-driven archiving
- Open source you can run your own instance
- Goal: Contextual, Crowd Source Web Archiving
Webrecorder APIs
- User download and upload of WARCs (and ARCs)
- APIs for download and upload
- APIs for collection management, metadata, bookmarks
- Webrecorder comprised of distinct components
- Working towards comprehensive API
Interop: Archive Patching
- Patch or augment any existing web archive, per URL
- Record missing content from existing archives
- Supports any Memento API or CDX Server API capable web archives
- Download WARC of patched content
- Demo
WASAPI Use Case
- Users Patch an existing archive
- Client downloads WARCs from Webrecorder via WASAPI
- Client ingests WARCs into existing archive
- Repeat as necessary!
Interop: Archive Extraction
- Extract content from existing archives
- Create new precise WARCs
- Download WARC of extracted content
- Demo
Interop: Offline Player
- Introducing Webrecorder Player
- Standalone Desktop App
- View Webrecorder collections Locally
- Could use WASAPI to sync from remote Webrecorder
- DEMO!
Questions? Comments? Use Cases?


Place one hand over the Leap Motion Device to see it displayed on the screen.
Here's what the sign for the letter "D" looks like
Right hand
Left hand
Your hand should look like this on the screen.
When you think your hand is placed correctly, press the 'SPACEBAR' key to test for correctness.


It comes after years of speculation over his sexuality, with many fans believing he had a secret relationship with ex band mate Louis Tomlinson.
And his tumultuous love life has also grabbed headlines, following high profile flings with the likes of Taylor Swift and Caroline Flack.
But the star told Zane Lowe on his Apple Music radio show that he hates the attention.
When asked about his sex symbol status, he said it was "so uncomfortable".
"Honestly, I’d say I try and think about it as little as possible, because it’s a very strange, dynamic thing", he added.
“It’s also like a weird thing to think of about yourself.
“I guess the thing with like sex, in general, is like, it used to feel so much more taboo for me.
“Even like when we were in the band, the thought of people thinking that I had sex was like, oh no, that’s crazy. What if they know?”
He added that he finds it hard when his relationship break ups are reported in the press.
"I think a lot of the time, when there’s tabloid stuff, for example, of people breaking up, I think people forget that there’s a person who’s also broken up with someone, which is sad", he said.
"You get sad when you break up with someone.”
Also during the interview, Harry admitted he" experimented" with illegal substances after quitting the band, saying that he bit the end of his tongue off in Malibu while high on mushrooms during the recording of his new album, Fine Line.

"So I was like, now is the time in my life when you probably go out and experiment and do this and you take this and you do that and that's what you do with your friends.
 So I was like, I'm not going to do any of that stuff."
He also faced the wrath of former band mate Zayn Malik's fans after a cheeky joke he made while hosting Saturday Night Live.
Mentioning the group which made him famous, Harry said he thought of the lads as his family, before teasing the audience about them being there on the show.
s he reeled off their names Harry appeared to struggle over Zayn, who parted ways with the band before they officially announced their split.
"I love those guys, they're my brothers. Niall, Liam, Louis... Uh.. Ringo! Yeah, that's it."
Ringo Starr famously left The Beatles back in 1968, he quit the band for five months while they were recording their self-titled album, he later returned before they split for good in 1970.


For the corporate events when there are many food vendors available, Lazeez-E-Niyaz will surely be the center of attraction.
What is Corporate Event?
Putting your best foot forward is very important when hosting a corporate event. Whether you are
planning an intimate gathering for executives, a retreat to train staff, or the ultimate holiday party
to impress clients, we at Lazeez-E-Niyaz are going to make you look great! We are used by some notable
businesses in town time and again because we are one of the top special event caterers in Bangalore.
Crystal Menu
This is very basic package offered by Lazeez-E- Niyaz, which includes limited number of Dishes with
reasonable price. But the quality standard will be same as set by Lazeez-E- Niyaz.
Silver Menu
This package includes all the dishes offered in Crystal package but few extra delicious dishes will
included as well to make your appetite worthier.
Gold Menu
As the name suggests, The Gold package will offer you the tastiest and more delicious dishes which
on tasting, you will feel the Love with which our highly experienced chefs put in to prepare the
dishes.
Diamond
Menu
This is a best-in- class package offered by Lazeez-E- Niyaz team, to make your presence very special
after which this package will make a long lasting impression. You might want to visit again.


Flight Buddy
Oṃ
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Track Your Flights
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Verify
Flight Buddy by Team Om! All rights reserved, 2017~Present.


Hello {{user.name}} !
Here are the requests you have made for your pet!
Location to have your pet picked up at: {{request.location}}
Time to have your pet picked up at: {{cleanDate(request.time)}}
Here are your upcoming commitments!
Location to get the pet at: {{activity.location}}
Time to GET the pet at: {{cleanDate(activity.time)}}. Don't be late !


module BatLexing:{
..}
This module extends Stdlib's
Lexing
module, go there for documentation on the rest of the functions
and types.
ocamllex
.ocamllex
.type position=
Lexing.position
= {
|
pos_fname : |
|
pos_lnum : |
|
pos_bol : |
|
pos_cnum : |
position
describes a point in a source file.
pos_fname
is the file name; pos_lnum
is the line number;
pos_bol
is the offset of the beginning of the line (number
of characters between the beginning of the file and the beginning
of the line); pos_cnum
is the offset of the position (number of
characters between the beginning of the file and the position).
See the documentation of type lexbuf
for information about
how the lexing engine will manage positions.
let dummy_pos : position
position
, guaranteed to be different from any
valid position.type lexbuf=
Lexing.lexbuf
= {
|
refill_buff : |
|
mutable lex_buffer : |
|
mutable lex_buffer_len : |
|
mutable lex_abs_pos : |
|
mutable lex_start_pos : |
|
mutable lex_curr_pos : |
|
mutable lex_last_pos : |
|
mutable lex_last_action : |
|
mutable lex_eof_reached : |
|
mutable lex_mem : |
|
mutable lex_start_p : |
|
mutable lex_curr_p : |
At each token, the lexing engine will copy lex_curr_p
to
lex_start_p
, then change the pos_cnum
field
of lex_curr_p
by updating it with the number of characters read
since the start of the lexbuf
. The other fields are left
unchanged by the lexing engine. In order to keep them
accurate, they must be initialised before the first use of the
lexbuf, and updated by the relevant lexer actions (i.e. at each
end of line -- see also new_line
).
let from_input : BatIO.input => lexbuf
Lexing.from_input inp
returns a lexer buffer which reads
from the input inp
, at the current reading position.let from_string : string => lexbuf
let from_function : (string => int => int) => lexbuf
s
and a character
count n
. The function should put n
characters or less in s
,
starting at character number 0, and return the number of characters
provided. A return value of 0 means end of input.lexbuf
, which, in the code generated by
ocamllex
, is bound to the lexer buffer passed to the parsing
function.let lexeme : lexbuf => string
Lexing.lexeme lexbuf
returns the string matched by
the regular expression.let lexeme_char : lexbuf => int => char
Lexing.lexeme_char lexbuf i
returns character number i
in
the matched string.let lexeme_start : lexbuf => int
Lexing.lexeme_start lexbuf
returns the offset in the
input stream of the first character of the matched string.
The first character of the stream has offset 0.let lexeme_end : lexbuf => int
Lexing.lexeme_end lexbuf
returns the offset in the input stream
of the character following the last character of the matched
string. The first character of the stream has offset 0.let lexeme_start_p : lexbuf => position
lexeme_start
, but return a complete position
instead
of an offset.let lexeme_end_p : lexbuf => position
lexeme_end
, but return a complete position
instead
of an offset.let new_line : lexbuf => unit
lex_curr_p
field of the lexbuf to reflect the start
of a new line. You can call this function in the semantic action
of the rule that matches the end-of-line character.let flush_input : lexbuf => unit


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Joe Aribo reveals two word Rangers vs Livingston advice from Steven Gerrard
The midfielder suffered an horrific head injury in his last visit to West Lothian and revealed a pre-match pep talk with his boss.
by Jonathan McFarlaneJoe Aribo has divulged the advice of boss Steven Gerrard in the run up to today's win against Livingston where the midfielder grabbed the opening goal.
The Nigerian international may have been a key player in Rangers ' 2-0 win at the Tony Macaroni but his last visit to West Lothian ended in trauma after a challenge from Ricki Lamie left the silky midfielder needing 20 stitches to his head.
And now Aribo has revealed that Gerrard took him aside in the lead-up to the tie and gave him some simple words of encouragement.
He told Sky: "Before the game the gaffer said "stay safe."
The midfielder was over the moon to have scored and explained how his finish had been influenced by advice from Ibrox teammates on the training ground.
He revealed: "(I'm) Very happy. We just needed to come here, we knew it was going to be a difficult game and I'm delighted we managed to get the result.
"We needed to let the game settle down and by scoring that enabled us to get that and we needed just to go from there.
"I was really pleased (with the goal) because the the boys have been saying I just side foot it so they have been telling me to put my foot through it and I managed to do that."


Opened by the British saxophonist Ronnie Scott in 1959, this legendary Soho institution made its name as the first club to host American jazz musicians in the UK. As well as welcoming the biggest names on the jazz scene (Zoot Sims, Johnny Griffin, Lee Konitz, Sonny Rollins, Sonny Stitt) it's also made room for other artists that fit the distinctive Ronnie Scott's vibe – Tom Waits, Elkie Brooks and even Mark Knopfler have all performed here.
Find out more!The ground floor is nothing special: Pizza Express dishing out its reliable repertoire. Head downstairs, though, and it’s another story. A basement jazz club hosts regular music sessions and attracts some big names. Norah Jones and Scott Hamilton have taken to the stage, and Sting has even given an impromptu performance here. Emerging talent is also encouraged, with lesser-known acts often appearing.
Find out more!Perhaps the most adaptable venue in London, this wide, 350-capacity basement room has long provided a home for trad jazz, pub blues, northern soul and punk. Originally a restaurant, the 100 Club was first hired out as a live music venue in 1942 and was popular as a hangout/bomb shelter during World War II owing to its underground location.
Find out more!


For every visit to this page, a new MOF will be generated randomly from billions of combinations of functional group modifications of known MOFs.
More information can be found in Some info here.
Failed to make a MOF this time.


 It circulates through the body's heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
- Blood carries to the body nourishment, electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, antibodies, heat, and oxygen. Needless to say, its quite essential to life !
- Did you know ? A woman has approximately 4.5 liters of blood in her body, while men have 5.6 liters.
- By donating just one pint of blood, four lives can be saved. Imagine that!
- Blood carries away from the body waste matter and carbon dioxide.
- Blood fights against infection and helps heal wounds, keeping you healthy.
- Fun Fact ! Your blood takes a very long trip through your body. If you could stretch out all of a human's blood vessels, they would be about 60,000 miles long. That's enough to go around the world twice.
- Blood makes up about 7% of your body's weight.
- Each day 400 gallons of recycled blood are pumped through the kidneys.
- A newborn baby has about one cup of blood in his or her body.
- White blood cells are the body's primary defence against infection.

- Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's organs and tissues.
- There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three drops of blood.
- Half your body's red blood cells are replaced every seven days.
- Red blood cells live about 120 days in the circulatory system.
- Blood platelets help clotting and give those with leukemia and other cancers a chance to live.


Click the button and see how your Kickstarter pledge effects my desire to keep teaching Tensorflowjs. Or just go straight
to my kickstarter
and make a pledge.
Even 1$ is appreciated.
...
...
Please support my Kickstarter so that I can get rid of the Deeplearnjs web pages and videos and replace them
with new Tensorflowjs webpages and videos. This Kickstarter is only live until Friday midnight May 18th


public class Ring
extends java.lang.Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
Ring()
This is a basic constructor that initializes Ring.
|
Ring(Monomial monomial)
This constructor initializes Ring and adds the Monomial to the ring.
|
Ring(Monomial monomial1,
Operation operation,
Monomial monomial2)
This constructor initializes Ring and adds the Monomial1, Operation,
Monomial2 to the ring.
|
Ring(java.lang.String str)
This constructor initializes Ring using a String.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Ring |
addMonomial(Operation operation,
Monomial monomial)
This method processes a adds a Operation and Monomial to the Ring.
|
Ring |
addMonomial(Operation operation,
Ring ring)
This method processes a adds a Operation and "Monomial" (actually another
Ring) to the Ring.
|
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object obj)
Overridden equals method auto generated by eclipse IDE.
|
java.math.BigInteger |
evaluate(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.math.BigInteger> map)
This method evaluates a Ring.
|
java.lang.Object[] |
getArray()
This method returns array of object that Ring is based on.
|
Monomial[] |
getMonomials()
This method returns Monomials in the Ring as well as it's nested Rings.
|
int |
hashCode()
Overridden hashCode method auto generated by eclipse IDE.
|
static java.lang.String[] |
processComplexExpression(java.lang.String str)
This method processes a String (expression that was given to Ring(String)
constructor) and returns String array.
|
Ring |
replaceVariables(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> map)
This method gets as argument Map
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
Overridden toString method auto generated by eclipse IDE.
|
public Ring()
None
- public Ring(Monomial monomial)
None
- public Ring(Monomial monomial1, Operation operation, Monomial monomial2)
Monomial1
- Operation
- Monomial2
- public Ring(java.lang.String str)
None
- public Ring addMonomial(Operation operation, Monomial monomial)
Operation
- Monomial
- to be added to the Ringpublic Ring addMonomial(Operation operation, Ring ring)
Operation
- "Monomial"
- (Ring) to be added to the Ringpublic Ring replaceVariables(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String> map)
Map
- public java.math.BigInteger evaluate(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.math.BigInteger> map)
Map
- public Monomial[] getMonomials()
None
- public java.lang.Object[] getArray()
None
- public int hashCode()
hashCode
in class java.lang.Object
None
- public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)
equals
in class java.lang.Object
None
- public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
None
- public static java.lang.String[] processComplexExpression(java.lang.String str)
String
- that was given to Ring(String) constructor


Added --overwrite command line option.
glean --listtests --verbose now lists all tests with their descriptions.
Added the following new tests:
Updated documentation to reflect glean's new home page on SourceForge.
Adam Haberlach of Be added support for BeOS, as well as the "teapot" test.
Added hints to set window position as well as size, so that users of window managers without automatic window placement don't have to click to create each test window.
Replaced *.dsw and *.dsp files with nmake makefiles (named common.win and makefile.win) for building on Windows.
Added Johan Smet's documentation for building glean on Windows. This necessitated reworking the documentation structure somewhat.
Fixed a storage allocation bug in the Windows version of showvis.
Fixed a couple of problems in libs/dsurf/dsconfig.cpp related to the visual_rating extension that caused compilation errors on some systems. Thanks to Brian Paul for catching these.
Brian also reported some bizarre link errors. These occurred because there were multiple gl.h files installed on his system, and the makefiles searched different header file directories for different glean components. This has been worked around by changing common.mak and the individual makefiles to search for header files and libraries in the same order for all components. This is not a universal solution; if your system has a very unusual configuration of library or header directories, you may need to customize the makefiles.
Incorporated the second set of Johan Smet's changes to port glean to Microsoft Windows.
Added the ability to include or exclude specific tests from a run.
A recent change in the behavior of the C++ string
getline()
function in the GNU libraries caused
glean's test comparison operation to appear to hang. The new
behavior appears to be correct, but it was necessary to add a
workaround to glean so that it would run properly on both old
and new versions of the library.
Incorporated the first set of Johan Smet's changes to port glean to Microsoft Windows. These included:
WindowSystem& ws(env->winSys);had to be changed to
WindowSystem& ws = env->winSys;
In lib/dsurf, bit counts for green and blue channels were reversed. This caused incorrect drawing-surface configuration reports for normal color channels and accumulation buffer channels, and also confused code that determined errors in color values.
In lib/dsurf, the expression for computing bits-in-error was in error. :-)
Switched from egcs to g++ in common.mak.


WESTLIFE.
It was in 1997 in Sligo,Ireland where westlife members, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily and Shane Filan were discovered by "Boyzone's" manager Louise Walsh! He gave them an audition to be in his new Boyband "Westlife", but out of all the 6 boys in Ioyou only Kian, Mark, and Shane got through, then in Ireland the auditions continued for one more spot but 2 joined instead; Nicky Byren and Bryan Mcfadden. Later they were all signed to a record label by Simon Cowell and in 1999 Westlife released their first single "Swear it again." The amusing part with the band is their vocals, i just love their songs and choreography.
Mark, Shane and Kian grew up in Sligo City, they met at Summerhill College where they would perfom as leads in school plays.
Markus Feehily. born in 1980 May 28.He is an irish singer songwriter. He is one of the lead singers of the vocal group Westlife. He is the youngest in the band.
Francis Egan John Kian. He was born in 1980 April 29 Sligo General Hospital, his eye color is blue and loves to play the piano and his electric guitar. He is a singer, multi-instrmentalist and songwriter. He is a member of International group Westlife.
Shane Steven Filan. Born in 1979 July 5 . He loves horses and his eye color is hazel or rather green. He is one of the lead singers in the band.
Nicky and Bryan's home town is Dublin city.
Nicholas Benard James. Born in 1978 october 9. Loves football, blue is his eye color. He is a singer, songwriter, radio presenter,dancer, television presenter and former proffesional footballer. He is the band's oldest member.
Bryan Nicholas Mcfadden. Born in 1980 April 12. Loves to dance, he would attend dance classes on sartudays and mondays while young. His eye color is also blue. He is a singer, songwriter and television presenter.


Vote 1) An anesthetic liquid made from distilled and fermented juniper berries. Vote 2) A leather cape for hunting dogs. Vote 3) Of or relating to shepherds or herdsmen. Vote 4) Having to do with vegetables, specifically carrots.


--- layout: default title: Home ---
“I love designing elegant and engaging product experiences for humans.”


The example program in this lesson behaves exactly like the previous program (Opening an adapter and capturing the packets), but it uses pcap_next_ex() instead of pcap_loop().
The callback-based capture mechanism of pcap_loop() is elegant and it could be a good choice in some situations. However, handling a callback is sometimes not practical -- it often makes the program more complex especially in situations with multithreaded applications or C++ classes.
In these cases, pcap_next_ex() retrievs a packet with a direct call -- using pcap_next_ex() packets are received only when the programmer wants them.
The parameters of this function are the same as a capture callback -- it takes an adapter descriptor and a couple of pointers that will be initialized and returned to the user (one to a pcap_pkthdr structure and another to a buffer with the packet data).
In the following program, we recycle the callback code of the previous lesson's example and move it inside main() right after the call to pcap_next_ex().
#include "pcap.h" int main() { pcap_if_t *alldevs; pcap_if_t *d; int inum; int i=0; pcap_t *adhandle; int res; char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE]; struct tm ltime; char timestr[16]; struct pcap_pkthdr *header; const u_char *pkt_data; time_t local_tv_sec; /* Retrieve the device list on the local machine */ if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL, &alldevs, errbuf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr,"Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf); exit(1); } /* Print the list */ for(d=alldevs; d; d=d->next) { printf("%d. %s", ++i, d->name); if (d->description) printf(" (%s)\n", d->description); else printf(" (No description available)\n"); } if(i==0) { printf("\nNo interfaces found! Make sure WinPcap is installed.\n"); return -1; } printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):",i); scanf_s("%d", &inum); if(inum < 1 || inum > i) { printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n"); /* Free the device list */ pcap_freealldevs(alldevs); return -1; } /* Jump to the selected adapter */ for(d=alldevs, i=0; i< inum-1 ;d=d->next, i++); /* Open the device */ if ( (adhandle= pcap_open(d->name, // name of the device 65536, // portion of the packet to capture. // 65536 guarantees that the whole packet will be captured on all the link layers PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS, // promiscuous mode 1000, // read timeout NULL, // authentication on the remote machine errbuf // error buffer ) ) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by WinPcap\n", d->name); /* Free the device list */ pcap_freealldevs(alldevs); return -1; } printf("\nlistening on %s...\n", d->description); /* At this point, we don't need any more the device list. Free it */ pcap_freealldevs(alldevs); /* Retrieve the packets */ while((res = pcap_next_ex( adhandle, &header, &pkt_data)) >= 0){ if(res == 0) /* Timeout elapsed */ continue; /* convert the timestamp to readable format */ local_tv_sec = header->ts.tv_sec; localtime_s(<ime, &local_tv_sec); strftime( timestr, sizeof timestr, "%H:%M:%S", <ime); printf("%s,%.6d len:%d\n", timestr, header->ts.tv_usec, header->len); } if(res == -1){ printf("Error reading the packets: %s\n", pcap_geterr(adhandle)); return -1; } return 0; }
Why do we use pcap_next_ex() instead of the old pcap_next()? Because pcap_next() has some drawbacks. First of all, it is inefficient because it hides the callback method but still relies on pcap_dispatch(). Second, it is not able to detect EOF, so it's not very useful when gathering packets from a file.
Notice also that pcap_next_ex() returns different values for success, timeout elapsed, error and EOF conditions.
documentation. Copyright (c) 2002-2005 Politecnico di Torino. Copyright (c) 2005-2009 CACE Technologies. All rights reserved.


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Amazing Bistrò
in the Heart of Budapest
You can buy our wines at Klassz Winestore during opening hours,
on the price of the Bortársaság ("Wine Society").
You can choose almost 50 different types of wine.


Constructor new Surface(canvas) Parameters: Name Type Description canvas HTMLCanvas Canvas DOM element to draw on Source: raphael/surface.js, line 11


REMEMBER THE TITANS
Review by John Beachem
* * *
Directed by: Boaz Yakin Written by: Gregory Allen Howard
In the early '70s, a school in Alexandria, Virginia has just become integrated.  Coach Boone (Denzel Washington) has been chosen to lead this new school's football team, replacing long-time and much loved Coach Yoast (Will Patton). Yoast will go on to become Boone's assistant coach and defensive coordinator, but that doesn't please him too much. Nevertheless, the two coaches decide to take all the prospective players out to training camp in preparation for the coming season. Obviously, the two races don't get along too well at first. Boone runs the camp like a drill sergeant, and forces players of different races to spend time together. The players don't react well at first, but slowly come together as the team's captain, Greg Bertier (Ryan Hurst), and his new friend Julius (Wood Harris) set an example. Camp ends, the players have all become friends, but can their friendship survive when they return to town and find nothing there has changed at all?
What is the most powerful force in a Hollywood movie? Love? Of course not, that's not a strong enough emotion for Hollywood. Hatred? A case could be made, but I don't think so. Possibly tragedy? Nope. No, the correct answer is schmaltz. Schmaltz so strong it tugs at the heartstrings of audiences everywhere and brings tears to the eyes of the most jaded film critics amongst us (well, except me, but I don't think I have tear ducts). You know the stuff I'm talking about. I'm talking about dramatic music pounding in your ears while statements about family and friendship are proudly brought to the screen. I'm talking about the sort of thing Producer Jerry Bruckheimer ("Con Air") is a master of. Make no mistake, "Remember the Titans" isn't a football movie (unfortunately), because we see very little actual football. It's not even yet another statement about racism (fortunately). It's a Jerry Bruckheimer movie, through and through. If you don't like having your emotions manipulated to the point where you're ready to cry rape, avoid the film. If, on the other hand, you're the kind of person who cried a river at "Armageddon", you probably don't need me to tell you that you should see this movie.
"Remember the Titans" does have one thing working strongly in its favor: the cast. Denzel Washington ("The Hurricane") leads the way, doing a great impersonation of George C. Scott impersonating General George S. Patton. Yes, Washington overdoes it at times, but during the film's rare quiet moments (a scene where he's reviewing plays with Yoast's daughter), he does an admirable job showing a man with two very different sides. Will Patton ("Armageddon") has grown on me more and more with every film I've seen him in, and he continues this trend in "Remember the Titans". Patton underplays the role, which is a nice foil to Washington's occasional grandstanding. The other three stand-outs are nine year old Hayden Panettiere ("A Bug's Life") as Yoast's daughter; Wood Harris ("The Siege") as Julius; and the comical Ethan Suplee ("Road Trip") as Lastik, the only player who doesn't care one bit about race. Ryan Hurst ("Patch Adams") does an adequate job, but nothing special. The remaining cast members all do fine jobs, particularly considering the often painful dialogue they're given. One of my favorite lines was: "We aren't going to let anything, NOTHING, come between us! We're a team!" Ouch.
Only in a Jerry Bruckheimer movie could the problems of race relations be solved as easily as they are here. It turns out that all young people of different races need is to be yelled at by a drill sergeant, football coach, or whatever suitable authority figure might be handy. You think I'm joking, don't you? I wish I were, but the fact is, this is the sort of world Bruckheimer shows us in "Remember the Titans". I say Bruckheimer gives us these things, even those he's not the director. That's because Bruckheimer's legion of directors all direct in the exact same way (I've given up trying to tell them apart). Boaz Yakin (Ack, he wrote "The Punisher" back '89. How's that for a film credit?) is no exception, directing like all good Bruckheimer boys do. In other words, the film is frantically shot and chaotically choreographed, but it still manages to be quite dull. That's really all "Remember the Titans" is at its core: loud, frantic, predictable, and boring. Take the final game for example (oh come on, you knew in your heart it was all going to come down to a final game). It's loud, with players rushing about and yelling to the point where we can't understand anything; it's frantic, so much so in fact that I couldn't follow any of the action on the field; it's predictable because you know well in advance how it's going to end; and it's boring because we really see only a minute at the half, a minute in the locker room, and a minute at the end of the game. A game can't be interesting if we only see little bits and pieces of it.
So other than the acting, is there anything good about "Remember the Titans"? I suppose it depends on who you are. Being the cynical, hard-nosed critic I am, I don't get much enjoyment out of movies so predictable I've figured the ending out before the movie starts. If you like predictable, feel good movies you'll probably find more to like here than I did (that shouldn't be too hard). One last thing I want to note is the score, by composer Trevor Rabin ("Armageddon"). Rabin is a long time collaborator with Bruckheimer, and it's little surprise since the man is a master of dramatic music. Everything he composes swells to epic proportions at just the right moments. Take a scene where, uh, well every scene in the movie actually. Washington makes a dramatic speech (like his painfully bad one at Gettysburg); the camera pans slowly over the awed faces of his students; the camera flashes to the sun shining through dark clouds; the music swells high and our spirits are meant to soar. I, meanwhile, am rapidly jotting down notes about feelings of nausea sweeping over me. "Remember the Titans" runs far too long at 113 minutes. I'd recommend it to fans of cheesy, predictable, dramatic movies; or to any avid Bruckheimer devotees, and give it two and a half out of five stars.
Comments? Send to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Past reviews can be found at: http://www.epinions.com/user-elerad or http://us.imdb.com/ReviewsBy?John+Beachem
* * * * * - One of the best movies of the year. * * * * - Great flick, try and catch this one. * * * - Okay movie, hits and misses. * * - Pretty bad, see it at your own risk. * - See this one only if you enjoy pain.
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