Draw bar plot
draw.mutation.type.barplot( data, color = "jco", alpha = 0.8, title = "", x = "Sample", y = "Number of mutations (SNV+INDEL)", position = "stack", flip = FALSE )
| data | A data.frame. Column names for ggplot2 :x=Sample, y=as.numeric(value), fill=variable |
|---|---|
| color | ggsci color palette |
| alpha | Color alpha |
| title | Titile of plot |
| x | X label |
| y | Y label |
| position |
ggplot2 object
data <- data.frame( variable = c("exonic","exonic","exonic","intronic","intronic","intronic"), Sample = c("S1","S2","S3","S1","S2","S3"), value = c(1,2,3,4,5,6) ) draw.mutation.type.barplot(data)


Unicode library for C++ by Ross Smith
#include "unicorn/options.hpp"
The Options
class defined in this module handles parsing of command line
options, and automatic generation of help messages for the user. It provides
some commonly expected command line features:
"--long-option"
."-x"
."-abc" = "-a -b -c"
."--name value"
or "--name=value"
."--option arg1 arg2 arg3"
."--"
) marks the end of explicitly named options;
any text following it is read as unattached arguments, even if it looks like an option.Example:
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
Options opt("My Program 1.0");
opt.add("--alpha", "The most important option", Options::abbrev="-a");
opt.add("--omega", "The least important option");
opt.add("--number", "How many roads to walk down", Options::abbrev="-n", Options::defvalue="42", Options::integer);
if (opt.parse(argc, argv))
return 0;
// ... main program code goes here ...
}
If this program is invoked with the --help
option (or -h
), it will display
the following information on the standard output:
My Program 1.0
Options:
--alpha, -a <arg> = The most important option
--omega <arg> = The least important option
--number, -n <num> = How many roads to walk down (default 42)
--help, -h = Show usage information
--version, -v = Show version information
class Options::
command_error
: public std::runtime_error
explicit command_error::
command_error
(const Ustring& details, const Ustring& arg = {}, const Ustring& arg2 = {})
Thrown by Options::parse()
during argument parsing, to report that the
command line arguments supplied by the user were not consistent with the
option specification.
class Options::
spec_error
: public std::runtime_error
explicit spec_error::
spec_error
(const Ustring& option)
spec_error::
spec_error
(const Ustring& details, const Ustring& option)
Thrown by Options::add()
during the creation of an option specification, to
report an invalid combination of properties.
enum class Options::
help
help::
automatic
help::
std
Options passed to add()
to control the placement of help request options.
explicit Options::
Options
(const Ustring& info)
Constructor to initialize an option specification. The info
argument is a
string containing the basic description of the program, typically something
like "Foobar 1.0 - Goes ding when there's stuff"
; this will be returned if
the user runs it with the "--version"
option.
Options::
Options
() noexcept
Options::
Options
(const Options& opt)
Options::
Options
(Options&& opt) noexcept
Options::
~Options
() noexcept
Options& Options::
operator=
(const Options& opt)
Options& Options::
operator=
(Options&& opt) noexcept
Other life cycle functions. (The default constructor should not normally be used and is supplied only to enable move initialization in some cases.)
template <typename... Args> Options& Options::
add
(const Ustring& name, const Ustring& info, const Args&... args)
Options& Options::
add
(const Ustring& info)
Options& Options::
add
(help h)
A program will normally construct an Options
object and use multiple calls
to add()
to construct the option specification before calling parse()
to
parse the actual command line arguments. Once the arguments have been parsed,
the get()
, get_list()
, and has()
functions can be used to query them.
The first version of add()
adds an option to the parser. The name
argument
is the full name of the option, which users can invoke with "--name"
(the
option name can be supplied to the add()
function with or without the
leading hyphens). The info
string is the description of the option that will
be presented to the user when help is requested. These may be followed by
optional keyword arguments, as listed below.
| Keyword | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Option names | ||
Options:: abbrev |
Ustring |
A single letter abbreviation for the option (e.g. "-x" ; the hyphen is optional in add() ). |
| Relationships between options | ||
Options:: group |
Ustring |
Assign the option to a mutual exclusion group; multiple options from the same group are not allowed. |
Options:: implies |
Ustring |
This option's presence implies another option. |
Options:: prereq |
Ustring |
This option requires another option to already be selected. |
| Argument types | ||
Options:: boolean |
bool |
This option is a boolean switch and does not take arguments. |
Options:: enumtype |
(see below) | The argument value must be the unqualified name of an enumeration value. |
Options:: file |
bool |
The argument value is expected to be a file path (this is just for documentation and does no checking). |
Options:: floating |
bool |
The argument value must be a floating point number (an integer is accepted). |
Options:: integer |
bool |
The argument value must be an integer. |
Options:: pattern |
Ustring |
The argument value must match this regular expression. |
Options:: si |
bool |
Numeric arguments can use SI abbreviations. |
Options:: uinteger |
bool |
The argument value must be an unsigned integer. |
| Other tags | ||
Options:: anon |
bool |
Anonymous arguments (not claimed by any other option) will be assigned to this option. |
Options:: defvalue |
Ustring |
Use this default value if the option is not supplied by the user. |
Options:: multi |
bool |
This option may be followed by multiple arguments. |
Options:: required |
bool |
This option is mandatory. |
Boolean options can be supplied in negated form, by giving a name starting
with "--no-"
(or "no-"
). This creates a boolean option whose default value
is true
; the "--no-whatever"
form can be used to switch it off.
Adding an option will throw spec_error
if any of the following is true:
parse()
or help_text()
) has already been called.add()
)."--no-"
is not boolean or has an abbreviation.boolean
tag is combined with anon
, defvalue
, enumtype
, multi
, pattern
, or require
.require
tag is combined with boolean
, defvalue
, group
, or prereq
.si
) is supplied.si
tag is combined with boolean
, enumtype
, or file
.defvalue
and enumtype
tags are both present, but the default value is not one of the enumeration values.defvalue
and pattern
tags are both present, but the default value does not match the pattern.implies
or prereq
tag does not exist or is the same as the current option.implies
tag is not boolean or is true by default.anon
and multi
flags (only one of these can receive leftover arguments).The value attached to the Options::enumtype
keyword must be a value of an
enumeration type (plain or strong) that was defined using one of the
RS_ENUM()
or RS_ENUM_CLASS()
macros. The actual value supplied here is not
significant; it only serves to identify the enumeration type. Normally you
would supply a default value, e.g. Options::enumtype=MyEnum()
. Underscores
in enumeration value names are converted to hyphens in the strings expected as
arguments.
The second version of add()
adds some information text to the option list.
This will be reproduced verbatim at the corresponding point among the options
listed in the help text.
The third version of add()
can be used to explicitly add the help and
version options. Use this if you want to place them somewhere other than at
the end of the list of options in the help message, or if you want to set the
automatic help flag. Either value will add the "--help"
and "--version"
options, with the abbreviations "-h"
and "-v"
if these have not already
been assigned to other options. They will be automatically added at the end of
the option list if you do not add them this way. If the automatic
flag is
used, calling the program with no arguments will be interpreted as a request
for help (i.e. an empty argument list is equivalent to "--help"
).
Ustring Options::
help_text
(uint32_t flags = 0)
Ustring Options::
version_text
() const
These are the same texts that will be presented to the user by the "--help"
and "--version"
options. The help text is constructed automatically by the
Options
object; the version text is simply the original info
string that
was supplied to the Options
constructor.
The only flag that has any effect on help_text()
is Options::colour
, which
causes the text to be colourized using terminal control sequences. By default
the text is not colourized (note that this is different to the behaviour of
parse()
with respect to the colour flags).
template <typename C> bool Options::
parse
(const std::vector<std::basic_string<C>>& args, std::ostream& out = std::cout, uint32_t flags = 0)
template <typename C> bool Options::
parse
(const std::basic_string<C>& args, std::ostream& out = std::cout, uint32_t flags = 0)
template <typename C> bool Options::
parse
(int argc, C** argv, std::ostream& out = std::cout, uint32_t flags = 0)
After the option specification has been constructed, call one of the parse()
functions to parse the actual command line arguments. The arguments can be
supplied as a vector of strings, as a single combined string that will be
split apart during parsing, or as the standard (argc,argv)
arguments from
main()
(or a similar source such as the UTF-16 _wmain()
often used on
Windows). Normally the supplied argument list is assumed to start with the
command name (which will be discarded); use the noprefix
flag to
override this.
Boolean options will be recognised in normal or negated form (e.g. "--magic"
vs "--no-magic"
). Integer options will accept hexadecimal options prefixed
with "0x"
. Integer or floating point options that were specified with the
si
flag will accept values tagged with SI prefix abbreviations (e.g. "50k"
or "2.5M"
).
If a given option added to the specification more than once with different prerequisites, which part of the spec that option matches will be determined by which prerequisite is present. If there is more than one matching prerequisite, the first one found will be used. Prerequisites in this situation should normally be part of a mutual exclusion group.
If help or version information is requested, it will be written to the given
output stream (standard output by default). The parse()
function will return
true if all requested processing has already been handled (i.e. if help or
version information has been presented to the user); the caller should check
the return value from parse()
and end the program if it is true, or use the
exit
flag.
The flags
argument can be any combination of these:
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
Options:: colour |
Always colourize the help text |
Options:: nocolour |
Do not colourize the help text |
Options:: exit |
Call exit() instead of returning true |
Options:: locale |
The argument list is in the local encoding |
Options:: noprefix |
The first argument is not the command name |
Options:: quoted |
Allow arguments to be quoted |
If the output stream is standard output, and no redirection is detected (using
isatty()
), any help text generated will be colourized using terminal control
sequences. The colour
and nocolour
flags override this rule, forcing the
help text to always or never be colourized (if both are present, the effect is
the same as if neither was present).
The locale
flag is only relevant to 8 bit strings, which are assumed to be
UTF-8 by default; the flag is ignored if the C
type is not char
, since 16
or 32 bit strings are always assumed to be UTF-16/32.
The parse()
functions will throw command_error
if any of the following is
true:
multi
flag.Behaviour is undefined if parse()
is called more than once on the same
Options
object.
template <typename T> T Options::
get
(const Ustring& name) const
template <typename T> std::vector<T> Options::
get_list
(const Ustring& name) const
bool Options::
has
(const Ustring& name) const
These return information about the options and arguments found in the command line. The option name can be supplied with or without leading hyphens. Only the full name is recognized here, not an abbreviation.
The get()
function returns the argument attached to an option, converted to
the given type. If the return type is an arithmetic type, the argument string
will be converted; it may have a leading "0x"
for hexadecimal, or a trailing
SI multiplier (e.g. "42k"
is interpreted as 42000); any other trailing
characters that are not part of a number are ignored. If multiple arguments
were supplied for the option, they are concatenated into a space delimited
list first. If the option was not present on the command line, its default
value is used.
The get_list()
function returns multiple arguments as a vector. Its
behaviour is otherwise the same as get()
.
The has()
function simply indicates whether an option was present on the
command line.
All of these will throw spec_error
if the name
string does not match one
of the registered options. The get()
and get_list()
functions may also
throw exceptions generated by from_str<T>()
.


☰
Experimental Design
Simulate data
Factor name
Factor type
Fixed
Random
Levels
Nested in
None
Add Factor
Help
Linear Model
Data
Results
n
(replicates)
μ (average)
σ (stdev)
Max
Min
Seed
Generate
Download
Reset


Graph2d | External custom legend
This example shows how to create an external custom legend using the getLegend function. We use normal JavaScript to show and hide the groups by updating the dataset.


cyclejs - coupling event handlers to view description, while keeping testability
- functional programming reactive programming components 3 min read
Having event handlers declared together with the view
- In sources, inject a subject factory
- In component, with that subject factory, create subject
- subject will have automatically generatd unique id from the trace settings property
- In view, with helper function, link the event listener to the subject
- in component, returns the subject
- when testing, send values through the subject
think some more I am close
- conclusion : whatever I do is the same as what I have,
- event@selector is necessary to test anyways. Even if I remove it from implementation, I need it
for test, so it is all the same to keep it separated or joined.
- so keep mock :
DOM!event@selector
- BUT change syntax to remove subject factory declaration in runTestScenario.
- example :
handler!event@selector
-> factory will be for events (E) -> new Subject() - example :
document!property@selector
-> factory will be for state (S) -> new- the latter means I need to change document driver to have common syntax to access DOM state
- possibly reimplementing the DOM interface, so us 80-20 approach
- for the 20, well, test by hand or with selenium
- so keep mock :
BUT maybe it is worth to have the factor as dependency in sources
- sources.eventHandler(selector, event) curried to accept only selector
- in the snabbdom, change module listener to accept {handlers : {event : curriedHandler}
- instead of
on
so no telescoping, and fit the naming of the source - in the implementation of module apply curriedHandler to
[event]
, and attach handler which passes the event to the subject as any handler - pass the subject as output
- BENEFITS :
- no more DOM driver, just snabbdom!
- BUT : we still have to declare handler on body! do it through a specific driver -> so DOM
driver again? no, there is always a body so should be simple. How to manage the lifecycle?
body never goes away. Same : explicit removal, just like explicit creation
- NO, can work with same curried API? TO THINK ABOUT
- YES : pass the subject as argument in the body driver, i.e. just like snabbdom does, but isntead of snabbdom driver, body driver
- KEEP document driver to query DOM state, call it domQuery driver? like domainQuery driver?
- YES, same as domainQuery, a factory which returns a shared replay stream, mock as usual
- instead of getCurrent(domain entity) I will have dom.getCurrent(selector, property)
- handler driver : that is a subject factory,
makeHandlerDriver(subjectFactory)
- FOR TESTS:
- example :
handler!event@selector
-> factory will be for events (E) -> new Subject() - example :
document!property@selector
-> factory will be for state (S) -> new ReplaySubject(1)- be careful in implementation vs. test
- if test returns stream (replayed), then
sources.document
must also return a stream. To keep semantics, that stream should have only one value and be queried withwithLatestFrom
always, or sample (beware of termination semantics, there is only one value). Ok, that is how it works, query driver returns a stream no matter what SOLVED!!! I can test and I get rid of the dom driver. I also solve the body selector problem
- if test returns stream (replayed), then
- be careful in implementation vs. test
React
- does not allow to define handler on body either


Crashworthiness
Moderate overlap front
G
Side
G
Roof strength
G
Head restraints & seats
A
Check for NHTSA
recalls


|
SdFat
|
FAT file structures. More...
Classes | |
| struct | directoryEntry |
| FAT short directory entry. More... | |
| struct | fat32_boot |
| Boot sector for a FAT32 volume. More... | |
| struct | fat32_fsinfo |
| FSINFO sector for a FAT32 volume. More... | |
| struct | fat_boot |
| Boot sector for a FAT12/FAT16 volume. More... | |
| struct | masterBootRecord |
| Master Boot Record. More... | |
| struct | partitionTable |
| MBR partition table entry. More... | |
Typedefs | |
| typedef struct directoryEntry | dir_t |
| typedef struct fat32_boot | fat32_boot_t |
| typedef struct fat32_fsinfo | fat32_fsinfo_t |
| typedef struct fat_boot | fat_boot_t |
| typedef struct masterBootRecord | mbr_t |
| typedef struct partitionTable | part_t |
Functions | |
| static uint8_t | DIR_IS_FILE (const dir_t *dir) |
| static uint8_t | DIR_IS_FILE_OR_SUBDIR (const dir_t *dir) |
| static uint8_t | DIR_IS_LONG_NAME (const dir_t *dir) |
| static uint8_t | DIR_IS_SUBDIR (const dir_t *dir) |
Variables | |
| uint8_t const | BOOTSIG0 = 0X55 |
| uint8_t const | BOOTSIG1 = 0XAA |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_ARCHIVE = 0X20 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_DEFINED_BITS = 0X3F |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_DIRECTORY = 0X10 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_FILE_TYPE_MASK = (DIR_ATT_VOLUME_ID | DIR_ATT_DIRECTORY) |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_HIDDEN = 0X02 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME = 0X0F |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME_MASK = 0X3F |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_READ_ONLY = 0X01 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_SYSTEM = 0X04 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_ATT_VOLUME_ID = 0X08 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_NAME_0XE5 = 0X05 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_NAME_DELETED = 0XE5 |
| uint8_t const | DIR_NAME_FREE = 0X00 |
| uint8_t const | EXTENDED_BOOT_SIG = 0X29 |
| uint16_t const | FAT12EOC = 0XFFF |
| uint16_t const | FAT12EOC_MIN = 0XFF8 |
| uint16_t const | FAT16EOC = 0XFFFF |
| uint16_t const | FAT16EOC_MIN = 0XFFF8 |
| uint32_t const | FAT32EOC = 0X0FFFFFFF |
| uint32_t const | FAT32EOC_MIN = 0X0FFFFFF8 |
| uint32_t const | FAT32MASK = 0X0FFFFFFF |
| uint32_t const | FSINFO_LEAD_SIG = 0x41615252 |
| uint32_t const | FSINFO_STRUCT_SIG = 0x61417272 |
FAT file structures.
| typedef struct directoryEntry dir_t |
Type name for directoryEntry
| typedef struct fat32_boot fat32_boot_t |
Type name for FAT32 Boot Sector
| typedef struct fat32_fsinfo fat32_fsinfo_t |
Type name for FAT32 FSINFO Sector
| typedef struct fat_boot fat_boot_t |
Type name for FAT Boot Sector
| typedef struct masterBootRecord mbr_t |
Type name for masterBootRecord
| typedef struct partitionTable part_t |
Type name for partitionTable
| static uint8_t DIR_IS_FILE | ( | const dir_t * | dir | ) | [inline, static] |
Directory entry is for a file
| [in] | dir | Pointer to a directory entry. |
| static uint8_t DIR_IS_FILE_OR_SUBDIR | ( | const dir_t * | dir | ) | [inline, static] |
Directory entry is for a file or subdirectory
| [in] | dir | Pointer to a directory entry. |
| static uint8_t DIR_IS_LONG_NAME | ( | const dir_t * | dir | ) | [inline, static] |
Directory entry is part of a long name
| [in] | dir | Pointer to a directory entry. |
| static uint8_t DIR_IS_SUBDIR | ( | const dir_t * | dir | ) | [inline, static] |
Directory entry is for a subdirectory
| [in] | dir | Pointer to a directory entry. |
| uint8_t const BOOTSIG0 = 0X55 |
Value for byte 510 of boot block or MBR
| uint8_t const BOOTSIG1 = 0XAA |
Value for byte 511 of boot block or MBR
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_ARCHIVE = 0X20 |
Old DOS archive bit for backup support
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_DEFINED_BITS = 0X3F |
defined attribute bits
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_DIRECTORY = 0X10 |
Entry is for a directory
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_FILE_TYPE_MASK = (DIR_ATT_VOLUME_ID | DIR_ATT_DIRECTORY) |
Mask for file/subdirectory tests
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_HIDDEN = 0X02 |
File should hidden in directory listings
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME = 0X0F |
Test value for long name entry. Test is (d->attributes & DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME_MASK) == DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME.
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_LONG_NAME_MASK = 0X3F |
Test mask for long name entry
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_READ_ONLY = 0X01 |
file is read-only
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_SYSTEM = 0X04 |
Entry is for a system file
| uint8_t const DIR_ATT_VOLUME_ID = 0X08 |
Directory entry contains the volume label
| uint8_t const DIR_NAME_0XE5 = 0X05 |
escape for name[0] = 0XE5
| uint8_t const DIR_NAME_DELETED = 0XE5 |
name[0] value for entry that is free after being "deleted"
| uint8_t const DIR_NAME_FREE = 0X00 |
name[0] value for entry that is free and no allocated entries follow
| uint8_t const EXTENDED_BOOT_SIG = 0X29 |
Value for bootSignature field int FAT/FAT32 boot sector
| uint16_t const FAT12EOC = 0XFFF |
FAT12 end of chain value used by Microsoft.
| uint16_t const FAT12EOC_MIN = 0XFF8 |
Minimum value for FAT12 EOC. Use to test for EOC.
| uint16_t const FAT16EOC = 0XFFFF |
FAT16 end of chain value used by Microsoft.
| uint16_t const FAT16EOC_MIN = 0XFFF8 |
Minimum value for FAT16 EOC. Use to test for EOC.
| uint32_t const FAT32EOC = 0X0FFFFFFF |
FAT32 end of chain value used by Microsoft.
| uint32_t const FAT32EOC_MIN = 0X0FFFFFF8 |
Minimum value for FAT32 EOC. Use to test for EOC.
| uint32_t const FAT32MASK = 0X0FFFFFFF |
Mask a for FAT32 entry. Entries are 28 bits.
| uint32_t const FSINFO_LEAD_SIG = 0x41615252 |
Lead signature for a FSINFO sector
| uint32_t const FSINFO_STRUCT_SIG = 0x61417272 |
Struct signature for a FSINFO sector


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Disney+ Alters Scene Between Greedo and Han Solo
by Andrew OrrDisney+ has altered the shoot out scene between Greedo and Han Solo, making this the third alteration over the years.
You can see the footage isn’t as lightened as some previous editions. It does lean on the grainier look used in the 1977 reel, but it is longer overall. That is because an additional bit of dialogue was added to Greedo. Not only does the version make it more difficult to tell whether Greedo shot first, but it sees them shout something at Han Solo before being killed.
Check It Out: Disney+ Alters Scene Between Greedo and Han Solo


Parent Pre Link -> Child Pre Link -> Child Post Link -> Parent Post Link
Don't pollute the scope passing down values with the scopes, instead use a controller - controllers are run before pre and post link functions


---
layout: post
title: Securing your Mach-ii setup
tags: []
status: draft
type: post
published: false
meta: {}
---
Introduction
Here are my thoughts on setting up a mach-ii site, I am going to assume that you have some knowledge of the framework, like what the mach-ii.xml file is. Also I am assuming that you have configured your web server to use virtual hosts and that you'll be using one of these virtual hosts for your development. This is not a getting started guide in OO and mach-ii, for that have a read of Trond Ulseth's Mach-ii for newbies - part 1 Getting started.
The core files
First off place the Mach-ii core files outside of the webroot so if you have a webroot located here
[code]c:\Projects\htdocs[/code]
You might want to consider creating a "webapps" (you can call it whatever and place whereever [as long as it;s outside of the webroot] you like really) folder like such:
[code]c:\Projects\webapps[/code]
And placing your mach-ii core files there
[code]C:\Projects\webapps\MachII[/code]
Next you should create a ColdFusion mapping called "MachII" to the Mach-II folder, just as the normal Mach-ii instructions show.
Now you may wonder what the point is of creating a webapps folder just for your Mach-ii core files and even why you should place your Mach-ii core files outside of the webroot. Well security is the obvious answer, you don't really want just any one browsing your CFCs now, even less someone getting access to your mach-ii.xml file.
Setting up your site.
Next let's take a look at how we can shore up the rest of your application. As an example we'll be using the MachAppSkeleton, so go ahead download these from mach-ii.com and extract them into your webroot. The best way to protect your CFCs and mach-ii.xml file is to also keep them outside of your webroot and that's where the webapps folder comes in.
So back to the administrator to create another mapping. Now depending on your project you could create a single mapping or one for each application you are developing. In our case, a simple webapps mapping works very well.
Now create another MachAppSkeleton folder in the webapps folder and move the config. filters, model and plugin directories from your webroot to that new folder. And the views? You can safely keep those in the webroot of your webserver.
Ok we are nearly ready to launch our skeleton app, but first we need to edit a few files. First we'll want to edit our index.cfm (under c:\Projects\htdocs\MachAppSkeleton\) and change it from:
[code]
[/code]
If you were to now attempt to browse your site it would not return a page so we'll quickly edit the mach-ii.xml file and create a quick view. Ok so open your mach-ii.xml file locate:
[code]
[/code]Change that to:
[code]
[/code]If you are not using ?? you can try and change that value from "/" to /MachAppSkeleton. We'll leave the defaultEvent unchanged at this point, so skip down to:
[code]
[/code]
And change that to:
[code]
[/code]
Nearly done now, we just specified a view so jump down in the mach-ii.xml file to:
[code]
[/code]And change that to:[code]
[/code]The final step before hitting your browser, creating the actual view "hellWorld.cfm". Simply copy and paste the following code into the a cfm template called helloWorld.cfm and save it to your views folder:[code]
Hooray
If you can read this, then everything is just dandy!![/code]
Right if you open up your browser and view the site you just set up. If you are using virtual hosts: http://www.mydomain.com/ or if you specified a subfolder to your webroot as the application root try http://localhost/MachAppSkeleton/. You should see this:
(completed site browser view.png)
A few more points
Now having to keep your code and work on it in two different locations is a little painful: so I can recommend using symbolic links. We are going off on a slight tangent here, but it'll make your life easier if you maintain everything within a site in Dreamweaver (or whatever your favourite editor is). Do note though that if you apply this, you will be able to access your CFCs and configuration xml file with your web browser, so do not apply these steps to your production environment!!! To be completely clear only apply them to your development environment.
Unix
On a unix system you can the "ln -s" command to create your links. So assuming that you have set your /Projects/htdocs/MachAppSkeleton as your site root in Dreamweaver, then you would want to create the following links from /Projects/webapps/MachAppSkeleton:
[code]ln -s /Projects/webapps/MachAppSkeleton/config /Projects/htdocs/MachAppSkeleton/config
ln -s /Projects/webapps/MachAppSkeleton/model /Projects/htdocs/MachAppSkeleton/model
ln -s /Projects/webapps/MachAppSkeleton/filters /Projects/htdocs/MachAppSkeleton/filters
ln -s /Projects/webapps/MachAppSkeleton/plugins /Projects/htdocs/MachAppSkeleton/plugins[/code]
Windows
On a windows system there is no built in way to create symbolic links so you either need access to the Windows Resource Kit (the utility is called dlink) or head on over to http://www.sysinternals.com/ntw2k/source/misc.shtml#junction and download the utility called junction. And here is how you would use junction utility:
[code]junction c:\Projects\htdocs\MachAppSkeleton\config c:\Projects\webapps\MachAppSkeleton\config
junction c:\Projects\htdocs\MachAppSkeleton\filters c:\Projects\webapps\MachAppSkeleton\filters
junction c:\Projects\htdocs\MachAppSkeleton\model c:\Projects\webapps\MachAppSkeleton\model
junction c:\Projects\htdocs\MachAppSkeleton\plugins c:\Projects\webapps\MachAppSkeleton\plugins[/code]
Also when you come to work with your listeners, plugins, filters and whatever other objects you decide to create you'll need to provide the full path (in terms of the ColdFusion mapping) to these. For example, if you had an application listener, previously you would have defined it in mach-ii.xml as follows:
[code]
[/code]Instead you need to do this now:
[code]
[/code]Equally if you were to call an object from within your listener you would need to declare it like this:
[code]variables.appConstants = createObject("component", "webapps.MachAppSkeleton.model.applicationConstantsBean").init();[/code]
And since certain return types can be objects, you would need to define the return type like such for example:
[code]
[/code]
The above are all good reasons to resort to a individual ColdFusion mapping for each application as you could at least save yourself the hassle of typing "webapps."
Some resources
- http://www.corfield.org/index.cfm?event=machii.main
- http://livedocs.macromedia.com/wtg/public/machiidevguide/concepts.html
- http://livedocs.macromedia.com/wtg/public/machiidevguide/structure.html


Authentication
- Introduction
- Authenticating Users
- Retrieving The Authenticated User
- Protecting Routes
- HTTP Basic Authentication
- Password Reminders & Reset
- Social Authentication
Introduction
Laravel makes implementing authentication very simple. In fact, almost everything is configured for you out of the box. The authentication configuration file is located at config/auth.php
, which contains several well documented options for tweaking the behavior of the authentication services.
By default, Laravel includes an App\User
model in your app
directory. This model may be used with the default Eloquent authentication driver.
Remember: when building the database schema for this model, make the password column at least 60 characters. Also, before getting started, make sure that your users
(or equivalent) table contains a nullable, string remember_token
column of 100 characters. This column will be used to store a token for "remember me" sessions being maintained by your application. This can be done by using $table->rememberToken();
in a migration. Of course, Laravel 5 ships migrations for these columns out of the box!
If your application is not using Eloquent, you may use the database
authentication driver which uses the Laravel query builder.
Authenticating Users
Laravel ships with two authentication related controllers out of the box. The AuthController
handles new user registration and "logging in", while the PasswordController
contains the logic to help existing users reset their forgotten passwords.
Each of these controllers uses a trait to include their necessary methods. For many applications, you will not need to modify these controllers at all. The views that these controllers render are located in the resources/views/auth
directory. You are free to customize these views however you wish.
The User Registrar
To modify the form fields that are required when a new user registers with your application, you may modify the App\Services\Registrar
class. This class is responsible for validating and creating new users of your application.
The validator
method of the Registrar
contains the validation rules for new users of the application, while the create
method of the Registrar
is responsible for creating new User
records in your database. You are free to modify each of these methods as you wish. The Registrar
is called by the AuthController
via the methods contained in the AuthenticatesAndRegistersUsers
trait.
Manual Authentication
If you choose not to use the provided AuthController
implementation, you will need to manage the authentication of your users using the Laravel authentication classes directly. Don't worry, it's still a cinch! First, let's check out the attempt
method:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Auth;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
class AuthController extends Controller {
/**
* Handle an authentication attempt.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function authenticate()
{
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password]))
{
return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
}
}
}
The attempt
method accepts an array of key / value pairs as its first argument. The password
value will be hashed. The other values in the array will be used to find the user in your database table. So, in the example above, the user will be retrieved by the value of the email
column. If the user is found, the hashed password stored in the database will be compared with the hashed password
value passed to the method via the array. If the two hashed passwords match, a new authenticated session will be started for the user.
The attempt
method will return true
if authentication was successful. Otherwise, false
will be returned.
Note: In this example,
The intended
redirect function will redirect the user to the URL they were attempting to access before being caught by the authentication filter. A fallback URI may be given to this method in case the intended destination is not available.
Authenticating A User With Conditions
You also may add extra conditions to the authentication query:
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password, 'active' => 1]))
{
// The user is active, not suspended, and exists.
}
Determining If A User Is Authenticated
To determine if the user is already logged into your application, you may use the check
method:
if (Auth::check())
{
// The user is logged in...
}
Authenticating A User And "Remembering" Them
If you would like to provide "remember me" functionality in your application, you may pass a boolean value as the second argument to the attempt
method, which will keep the user authenticated indefinitely, or until they manually logout. Of course, your users
table must include the string remember_token
column, which will be used to store the "remember me" token.
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password], $remember))
{
// The user is being remembered...
}
If you are "remembering" users, you may use the viaRemember
method to determine if the user was authenticated using the "remember me" cookie:
if (Auth::viaRemember())
{
//
}
Authenticating Users By ID
To log a user into the application by their ID, use the loginUsingId
method:
Auth::loginUsingId(1);
Validating User Credentials Without Login
The validate
method allows you to validate a user's credentials without actually logging them into the application:
if (Auth::validate($credentials))
{
//
}
Logging A User In For A Single Request
You may also use the once
method to log a user into the application for a single request. No sessions or cookies will be utilized:
if (Auth::once($credentials))
{
//
}
Manually Logging In A User
If you need to log an existing user instance into your application, you may call the login
method with the user instance:
Auth::login($user);
This is equivalent to logging in a user via credentials using the attempt
method.
Logging A User Out Of The Application
Auth::logout();
Of course, if you are using the built-in Laravel authentication controllers, a controller method that handles logging users out of the application is provided out of the box.
Authentication Events
When the attempt
method is called, the auth.attempt
event will be fired. If the authentication attempt is successful and the user is logged in, the auth.login
event will be fired as well.
Retrieving The Authenticated User
Once a user is authenticated, there are several ways to obtain an instance of the User.
First, you may access the user from the Auth
facade:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
class ProfileController extends Controller {
/**
* Update the user's profile.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function updateProfile()
{
if (Auth::user())
{
// $request->user() returns an instance of the authenticated user...
}
}
}
Second, you may access the authenticated user via an Illuminate\Http\Request
instance:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
class ProfileController extends Controller {
/**
* Update the user's profile.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function updateProfile(Request $request)
{
if ($request->user())
{
// $request->user() returns an instance of the authenticated user...
}
}
}
Thirdly, you may type-hint the Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
contract. This type-hint may be added to a controller constructor, controller method, or any other constructor of a class resolved by the service container:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Routing\Controller;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
class ProfileController extends Controller {
/**
* Update the user's profile.
*
* @return Response
*/
public function updateProfile(Authenticatable $user)
{
// $user is an instance of the authenticated user...
}
}
Protecting Routes
Route middleware can be used to allow only authenticated users to access a given route. Laravel provides the auth
middleware by default, and it is defined in app\Http\Middleware\Authenticate.php
. All you need to do is attach it to a route definition:
// With A Route Closure...
Route::get('profile', ['middleware' => 'auth', function()
{
// Only authenticated users may enter...
}]);
// With A Controller...
Route::get('profile', ['middleware' => 'auth', 'uses' => 'ProfileController@show']);
HTTP Basic Authentication
HTTP Basic Authentication provides a quick way to authenticate users of your application without setting up a dedicated "login" page. To get started, attach the auth.basic
middleware to your route:
Protecting A Route With HTTP Basic
Route::get('profile', ['middleware' => 'auth.basic', function()
{
// Only authenticated users may enter...
}]);
By default, the basic
middleware will use the email
column on the user record as the "username".
Setting Up A Stateless HTTP Basic Filter
You may also use HTTP Basic Authentication without setting a user identifier cookie in the session, which is particularly useful for API authentication. To do so, define a middleware that calls the onceBasic
method:
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
return Auth::onceBasic() ?: $next($request);
}
If you are using PHP FastCGI, HTTP Basic authentication may not work correctly out of the box. The following lines should be added to your .htaccess
file:
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} ^(.+)$
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
Password Reminders & Reset
Model & Table
Most web applications provide a way for users to reset their forgotten passwords. Rather than forcing you to re-implement this on each application, Laravel provides convenient methods for sending password reminders and performing password resets.
To get started, verify that your User
model implements the Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Remindable
contract. Of course, the User
model included with the framework already implements this interface, and uses the Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\Remindable
trait to include the methods needed to implement the interface.
Generating The Reminder Table Migration
Next, a table must be created to store the password reset tokens. The migration for this table is included with Laravel out of the box, and resides in the database/migrations
directory. So all you need to do is migrate:
php artisan migrate
Password Reminder Controller
Laravel also includes an Auth\PasswordController
that contains the logic necessary to reset user passwords. We've even provided views to get you started! The views are located in the resources/views/auth
directory. You are free to modify these views as you wish to suit your own application's design.
Your user will receive an e-mail with a link that points to the getReset
method of the PasswordController
. This method will render the password reset form and allow users to reset their passwords. After the password is reset, the user will automatically be logged into the application and redirected to /home
. You can customize the post-reset redirect location by defining a redirectTo
property on the PasswordController
:
protected $redirectTo = '/dashboard';
Note: By default, password reset tokens expire after one hour. You may change this via the
reminder.expire
option of yourconfig/auth.php
file.
Social Authentication
In addition to typical, form based authentication, Laravel also provides a simple, convenient way to authenticate with OAuth providers using Laravel Socialite. Socialite currently supports authentication with Facebook, Twitter, Google, and GitHub.
To get started with Socialite, include the package in your composer.json
file:
"laravel/socialite": "~2.0"
Next, register the Laravel\Socialite\SocialiteServiceProvider
in your config/app.php
configuration file. You may also register a facade:
'Socialize' => 'Laravel\Socialite\Facades\Socialite',
You will need to add credentials for the OAuth services your application utilizes. These credentials should be placed in your config/services.php
configuration file, and should use the key facebook
, twitter
, google
, or github
, depending on the providers your application requires. For example:
'github' => [
'client_id' => 'your-github-app-id',
'client_secret' => 'your-github-app-secret',
'redirect' => 'http://your-callback-url',
],
Next, you are ready to authenticate users! You will need two routes: one for redirecting the user to the OAuth provider, and another for receiving the callback from the provider after authentication. Here's an example using the Socialize
facade:
public function redirectToProvider()
{
return Socialize::with('github')->redirect();
}
public function handleProviderCallback()
{
$user = Socialize::with('github')->user();
// $user->token;
}
The redirect
method takes care of sending the user to the OAuth provider, while the user
method will read the incoming request and retrieve the user's information from the provider. Before redirecting the user, you may also set "scopes" on the request:
return Socialize::with('github')->scopes(['scope1', 'scope2'])->redirect();
Once you have a user instance, you can grab a few more details about the user:
Retrieving User Details
$user = Socialize::with('github')->user();
// OAuth Two Providers
$token = $user->token;
// OAuth One Providers
$token = $user->token;
$tokenSecret = $user->tokenSecret;
// All Providers
$user->getNickname();
$user->getName();
$user->getEmail();
$user->getAvatar();


The Era Of The System On Chip
This blog post was written as part of CS305 by Team Atlanna’s Quindent
One of the biggest changes that we have seen recently in the field of computer hardware, has been the introduction of System On Chips for personal computing. Previously SoCs were limited to computing devices that needed limited power, mostly handheld devices. But recently Apple has starting using their M1 family of SoCs across their entire Macintosh line of devices. Qualcomm has also jumped into the bandwagon, and started manufacturing ARM based laptops. On the other side we have Tesla using their custom designed SoCs to power self driving cars. Clearly a lot has changed that has resulted in this shift in direction, many computers now no longer have the flexibility that a motherboard and distinct components provide. We will try to see what brought about this change and look at possible benefits to us as users and also drawbacks in this blog. But before we get there we must look into the history of personal computing and see where the idea of SoC chimes in.
A History Of ICs in Personal Computing
Before the advent of integrated circuits, computers were bulky and heavy. One of the earliest general purpose programmable computers, the ENIAC was known for occupying an entire room and used to consume 150 kW of power. Those computers were known for using vacuum tubes for controling the flow of electricity and this was used for a lot of the components of the computer. Not only was it enormous in size, it was also quite inefficient and needed massive cooling. Indeed the size of this computer could rival several supercomputers now despite having the computing power that today’s simplest devices can beat a million times over.
| ENIAC: one of the earliest general purpose computer |
But humanity did not stop there, with new generations of devices now using the then relatively new transistor. The use of transistor meant that vaccuum tubes could be replaced by them for control of electricity flow. This massive reduction in size meant that the dreams of smaller computers were finally achievable although it took a few more decades for that to be possible.
The stepping stone towards personal computing was the introduction of integrated circuits, in which electronic circuits are embedded onto semiconductors. Integrated Circuits allowed a massive number of transistors to be embedded onto a single die. Indeed Microprocessors and SoCs are only possible due to integrated circuits forming the backbone of all modern chipsets.
What began as a simple integrated circuit led to even more efficient fabrication schemes resulting in chips being able to pack more and more transistors into a small chip surface area. Techniques like VLSI allowed more advanced microprocessors and soon personal computers that your average joe could purchase became a reality.
It is at this point that a corporation that all of us are familiar with, Intel, became a major player in the computer architecture industry. Intel created the world’s first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, the Intel 4004. This microprocessor was a big advance as it minitaurised the entire central processing unit of the computer. Intel became the primary microprocessor supplier to IBM and other leading companies dealing in personal computers. This along with some very clever marketing tactics like the Intel Inside campaign and lack of major competitors ensured that Intel and their Pentium line of CPUs became household names by the 90s.
Intel is known for cementing the x86 instruction set architectures as the most widely used ISA, being the developers of the x86 series of microprocessors. Intel also manufactured other components like graphics chips, flash memory, DRAM controllers, motherboard chipsets. Intel’s dominance in the personal computing space resulted in the traditional motherboard based paradigm of computer components, where one can plug in desired components, as per the requirements.
However recently things have not gone very well for Intel. Intel had to face various issues, ranging from their latest chips have faced various security flaws (Meltdown and Spectre), manufacturing issues in into their latest 10 nm manufacturing process, to inefficient designs that consumed a lot of power and therefore caused a lot of battery drain and heating in laptop devices. The last issue was infact paramount in causing Apple to switch away from Intel based processors for their entire line of devices. The last generation MacBook with the latest i9 processors from Intel had to constantly throttle to prevent overheating and these devices caused a lot of battery drain. Apple felt that they were not able to advance due to limitations from Intel’s side which led them into looking for alternate architectures.
| Recent cache-based attacks on intel chips |
While Intel was facing these issues, on the other end of the spectrum, in handheld devices, a rival ISA was becoming more and more powerful and popular. Dubbed ARM and spearhelded by ARM Limited, it had quickly become the dominent choice for handled and IoT devices. ARM chips used SoCs integrated with all the components. This was a necessity for smaller devices that did not have enough space like a conventional motherboard. But ARM was becoming more and more powerful and in the last few years, ARM has finally been able to catch up and in case of Apple M1, even beat Intel in many areas. The uprising of ARM and the SoC has been an interesting tale and in the following sections, we will look at how they have evolved over the years.
What are SoC’s? Why do we care?
Essentially, a SoC, or a System on Chip is an integrated circuit that integrates most components of the device, like the CPU, memory and secondary storage. These also quite often include a graphical processing unit (GPU) and digital signal processor (DSP).
The concept of an SoC which was first introduced during 1970’s when the first LED wristwatch was announced, however some of the circuitry was still too large to fit in a single chip for that time so cannot be called as a complete system. It was not until the 1980’s-90’s that SoC started to gain popularity. By this time, the number of transistors that could be added on a single die had increased a lot as predicted by Moore’s Law, this allowed for more complex units to be integrated into the chip.
| SoC Design Flow |
By the late 1990’s, ARM holdings began to license its processor designs to other markets and the popularity of the system rose. In 2001, the iPod released by Apple was based on a dual core SoC by ARM and the first iPhone back in 2007 was also based on this which contained an ARM core and a GPU. By now, SoC design is the mainstream design choice for all mobile phones and have been seeing remarkable breakthrough with the newer models.
However, even with all this, why do we not see a similar situation for PC’s? Why were PC’s still using board based circuitry and why was there a resurgence in SoC design for PC’s now? That is what we look at next.
Problems with SoC
While the SoC looks like a good concept and has seen its use in mobiles, there are a lot of challenges that come to switching from a board design to an SoC design. The first and foremost being to integrate the various components into a single chip. There is a huge task when it comes to integration as it requires development of compatible process technologies and hardware/software verification tools making the testability proess much harder. The design choices for the interconnectivity and peripherals often condition the scalability and parallelism of the components.
Another issue is the thermal discharge and power dissipation. While the transistor density on the die is increasing in the SoC, the power dissipated per transistor is not falling at the same rate, this ends up causing a lot of heat discharge and power consumption, this is especially visible in PC’s with more heavy processing tasks.
Another problem is the Intellectual Property (IP) reusability. To successfully deploy SoC chips, it is very time consuming to manufacture all components from start and is instead usually done by using existing and high performing IP. Since no company would manufacture all of the products on their own due to the difficulty and diversity in each task, making SoC for PC’s used to be a much harder task.
Then there is also the issue that comes with improvement in transistor technology. Researchers have observed that as the transistor sizes are decreasing, the variability in their behaviour is increasing. This behaviour is also not just limited to the variability due to design technology, but other factors like environment energy, thermal resources and even the application itself can lead to dynamic variability. This ends up giving birth to inherent unrealiability in the chip designs.
And finally, one last big problem was that upgradibility of the chip. Since the components of the chip are highly integrated, it is not possible to replace a single component to a better version or replace if damaged. The chip once created, dies the same way it was born, thus reducing the willingness for companies to shift to such a model with the rapid growth in some components like GPU while a much slower rate of improvement in others like CPU’s.
Apart from this, the community also prefers cheap upgrades when it comes to personal computers. Therefore the idea of using SoCs in computers was actually laughed upon. Sure you can use them in mobile phones. Rarely anyone wants to add RAM to their mobiles but sticking another DIMM in the motherboard when things weren’t going fast enough is an old time habit.
However, with the birth of Apple’s M1 Chip, this might all soon change. What did they do so differntly for being able to succeed? What does the future hold for SoC? This is what we look at now.
Overcoming the Challenges : Looking into the M1
Apple has recently released the newest generation of macbooks which all feature the “M1/M1 Pro/M1 Max” chips. Contrary to popular belief, the M1 family is not a family of microprocessors. It is a family of SoC designs.
There you have it, Apple is using SoCs in its latest computers and they are outperforming the best in the industry, in performance and in efficiency, which tells us that they should’ve overcome the plethora of problems we talked about in the last section. In this section, we search for the answer to “how?”.
The move to ARM
ARM is a RISC architecture which is dominantly used in mobile devices where performance per watt and cooling are of the essence. Therefore, CPUs running ARM are the ones that you would want to include in any SoC design. But one might ask, if ARM based processors run with such power efficiency why were they not used in computers?
The problem is that ARM (the company) itself does not produce any microprocessors. They maintained and distributed the soft ARM IP (Intellectual Property) and those who used ARM for their devices were unable to match the performance achieved by Intel’s Core series. This was primarily due to lack of specialized hardware in RISC based systems which meant many tasks which a CISC based system does on hardware, a RISC based one needs to emulate in software. That was the difference between x86 and ARM based microarchitectures before the last year : “x86 based designs were powerful as well as power hogs, ARM bases designs were efficient but modest in their capabilities”.
This was until Apple entered the ARM arena and started utilizing its full potential. The main idea was to improve ILP (instruction level parallelism) when using ARM based microprocessors. Now a major difference between ARM and x86 is the length of instructions. While an x86 instruction can have length of upto 15 bytes, an ARM instruction is a fixed 4 byte instruction. This means that decoding a series of ARM instructions is much faster than decoding a series of x86 ones. Now one might argue that the instruction decode stage was not the limiting stage in Intel’s pipelines and so this change is insignificant, yet Apple managed to use this to their advantage.
In an out of order (OoO) processor (basically any viable processor you can find today), multiple instructions are loaded by each core in series, executed at different sites in the pipeline independently and out of order, and commited back in series. This makes possible efficient usage of all components of the system. The instruction decode stage in the latest x86 based microprocessors was able to decode 4 instructions at a time and add them to the OoO stations. With the improved decodability of ARM, M1’s cores are able to add 8 instructions at a time, potentially doubling the ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism). Of course, just adding more instructions to the buffer is not enough and these instructions need to be executed as well, which brings us to the second subtopic.
| Out of Order Execution, ref. CS305: IITB |
Executing the Many Instructions
In the goal of improving the ILP of ARM based processors, we’re off to a good start. We can now bring decoded instructions faster into our pipeline. But for this to be of any use, we also need components like ALUs that can handle these instructions.
A simple solution would be to “throw hardware at the problem” and just add more computing units. But we can infer from the past endeavours of AMD and Intel that such a solution will come with a massive price tag. Except, we’re using ARM. Once again, ARM saves the day because the instructions are much simpler and do not require some of the expensive hardware x86 instructions use, making their duplication much cheaper.
Apart from that, Apple was not designing a microprocessor, they were designing a SoC. This meant that memory was now much closer to the cores and memory access need not go through a long bus on the motherboard anymore. As obvious as it may sound, it meant that loads and stores which constitute a significant part of instructions could now be serviced faster. This may not be a feat in itself but consider the fact that there might be instructions in the OoO buffers waiting for these loads and stores, and instructions waiting on those instructions, and so on. And with increased ILP, this degree of waiting also increases. And therefore however obvious, the closeness of RAM and cores gives the M1 a massive advantage.
“Bandwidth problems can be cured with money. Latency problems are harder because the speed of light is fixed – you can’t bribe God” - except latency has a $distance / c$ component and you can just bring stuff closer together.
But this is not all that goes in favor of the all-powerful M1 chip.
Specialized Components and Unified Memory
The contents of this section are not new developments in computer architecture. Apple more or less did their job by increasing the ILP of their ARM based microprocessor. This section majorly deals with the fact that they’ve created an SoC and the inherent advantages that follow.
You will be familiar with “x-core GPU y-core Neural Engine” advertising if you’ve gone phone shopping in the past 5 years or so. Since the M1 chip is not very different from a mobile chip (other than being significantly more powerful), it too contains specialized on-chip components. These components perform very specific tasks, they perform them blazingly fast and in an extremely efficient fashion. Computer programs can then use instructions that execute on these components and gain performance.
But this is not limited to SoCs. You’ve obviously played video games before and they do pretty much the same thing. A dedicated GPU is good at shading pixels, and doing lighting computation and such tasks. When you play a game, your CPU essentially asks your GPU to do these tasks for you. Except they have different memory and communicate via a PCI-e bus and the data used by the GPU needs to be first transferred from the RAM to the GPU memory, and the RAM bandwith is usually no match for the humongous amount of data a GPU operates parallely on and may end up being a bottleneck in your system’s performance.
A SoC deals with this problem very simply. There are no seperate memories, no bus on which data needs to be transferred. Instead, memory is unified. Therefore the blob of memory running all around the chip
| Apple’s Unified Memory design |
is not the cores’ property but is shared by the cores, the GPU, the NPU and any other little components that may need it. And therefore there is no need of duplication into GPU’s memory when a core wants it to compute, say, lighting of a scene. Instead the core can just point the GPU to it. Apart from the GPU and the NPU, an SoC also brings the I/O controllers, the network card and all the other pieces that modern computing utilizes closer to the CPU. And eliminating the use of long common buses means speed.
But does unified memory deal with the problem effectively ? We’ve already dealt with the latency issue. But a GPU or a NPU (which optimizes computing vector operations like convolutions) would need access to high bandwidth memory. And in fact, increasing the bandwith is easier when you do not have to use a common bus to transfer your data. You just have to “throw some money into it”, which you would do in a split second after this long a discussion.
Why only Apple?
Apple’s M1 chips are a win for computer architecture and engineering. But more than that they are the symbols of resounding success of RISC ISAs and the SoC model. Sure, you cannot upgrade them but that’s not a problem if they are powerful enough that you never really need to.
But here’s a question : If this idea works so nicely, why can’t Intel or AMD just use (copy) it as well? Why can’t we have a company other than Apple entering into the market of producing ARM based SoCs for PCs?
Because, frankly, they are not diverse enough to build them. Take the example of a typical personal computer today - it has an Intel based CPU, a dedicated Nvidia GPU, 4 sticks of RAM on a Gigabyte motherboard and runs Microsoft Windows. To create a SoC which competes with the M1s, the first 2 companies (and some others) will have to first miniturize their components without sacrificing performance, limit power usage and combine them together on a chip. Then they’d have to licence their IPs to a company like company 3 which will manufacture devices using it. Then they’d have to go to the 4th company and ask them to optimize their OS on the new architecture.
After all this collaboration, if company X’s component on the SoC fails, it will hinder sales for every other company.  And even if these companies ended up making a working product without getting at each other’s throats, Apple still has the first mover’s advantage.
Apple pulled this off because they design and manufacture their own hardware and their own OS. Turns out their frowned upon policy of “end-to-end control” has actually paid off. Perhaps Steve Jobs was a man well ahead of his time.


school schools recovery academic School Hurricane Texas students trajectories public risk percent {border-style research (TEA, Schools px;} #ffffff;} Ike Public data .–. Education Recovery High‐Stable Low‐Interrupted study Academic TAKS disaster disasters factors student trajectory used Policy Risk attendance functioning performance (e.g., collab: disasters. growth schools, year Disaster disadvantaged economically health higher identify percent, Children National associated mixture number patterns Accountability Indicator Management New Trajectories analysis examined focused important (i.e., Factors Growth Lai, Research areas examination grade levels likely modeling outcomes potential px; slope {font-family ———. AEIS American Ann‐Margaret Assessment Betty Educational Grades Hazards Health Peek, SES Social Teacher available experience font-size high hurricane individual latent low n = ), overall percentage policy recovery. score studies teacher trajectories. versus Class Elementary Esnard, Figure Ike, Information Natural Peacock, Q = . SE = ., State Table Using Van a). children communities double; emergency future given identified included level lower models natural paper que scale scores vulnerability years Aim Approaches Average Center Crisis Economically Excellence Experience Florida Georgia Percent Ratio Results TEA TX: Trajectory University. Vulnerability approach article average based border-color border-width class critical data. different duration ed. evidence examine example, following form impact impacts information literature los means minority más need noted post‐hurricane recuperación reported sample schools. significant social solid; test trajectory, trajectory. two‐trajectory {font-style {font-weight (C) Association Bayesian COVID- Central Disadvantaged Districts Early Emergency Esnard Ferretti Hurricanes Impact Lai Mixture Note: Press. Report Resilience Robert Robinson, Science Test Years Young access achievement acknowledgement addition, affect affected area bold campus closed community courier; differing directly disasters, disaster‐affected economic educational em; emergency. escolar exhibit exhibited falling fell focus freely likelihood limited measure modeling, numbers original particularly pattern pre‐ primary pt;} p < .), ranged rates re-use reduced relative resources response. results riesgo socioeconomic source, student‐teacher supported trayectoria unrestricted


| 007:106 Khan | : |
[Fir'aun (Pharaoh)] said: "If you have come with a sign, show it forth, - if you are one of those who tell the truth." |
| 007:106 Maulana | : |
He said: If thou hast come with a sign, produce it, if thou are truthful. |
| 007:106 Pickthal | : |
(Pharaoh) said: If thou comest with a token, then produce it, if thou art of those who speak the truth. |
| 007:106 Rashad | : |
He said, "If you have a sign, then produce it, if you are truthful." |
| 007:106 Sarwar | : |
The Pharaoh asked Moses to show his miracles if he was telling the truth. |
| 007:106 Shakir | : |
He said: If you have come with a sign, then bring it, if you are of the truthful ones. |
| 007:106 Sherali | : |
Pharaoh replied, 'If thou hast indeed come with a Sign, then produce it, if thou art truthful.' |
| 007:106 Yusufali | : |
(Pharaoh) said: "If indeed thou hast come with a Sign, show it forth,- if thou tellest the truth." |
Concepts/Themes Covered:
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


class ADC – analog to digital conversion¶
Usage:
import pyb
adc = pyb.ADC(pin) # create an analog object from a pin
val = adc.read() # read an analog value
adc = pyb.ADCAll(resolution) # create an ADCAll object
adc = pyb.ADCAll(resolution, mask) # create an ADCAll object for selected analog channels
val = adc.read_channel(channel) # read the given channel
val = adc.read_core_temp() # read MCU temperature
val = adc.read_core_vbat() # read MCU VBAT
val = adc.read_core_vref() # read MCU VREF
val = adc.read_vref() # read MCU supply voltage
Constructors¶
-
class
pyb.
ADC
(pin)¶ Create an ADC object associated with the given pin. This allows you to then read analog values on that pin.
Methods¶
-
ADC.
read
()¶ Read the value on the analog pin and return it. The returned value will be between 0 and 4095.
-
ADC.
read_timed
(buf, timer)¶ Read analog values into
buf
at a rate set by thetimer
object.buf
can be bytearray or array.array for example. The ADC values have 12-bit resolution and are stored directly intobuf
if its element size is 16 bits or greater. Ifbuf
has only 8-bit elements (eg a bytearray) then the sample resolution will be reduced to 8 bits.timer
should be a Timer object, and a sample is read each time the timer triggers. The timer must already be initialised and running at the desired sampling frequency.To support previous behaviour of this function,
timer
can also be an integer which specifies the frequency (in Hz) to sample at. In this case Timer(6) will be automatically configured to run at the given frequency.Example using a Timer object (preferred way):
adc = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X19) # create an ADC on pin X19 tim = pyb.Timer(6, freq=10) # create a timer running at 10Hz buf = bytearray(100) # creat a buffer to store the samples adc.read_timed(buf, tim) # sample 100 values, taking 10s
Example using an integer for the frequency:
adc = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X19) # create an ADC on pin X19 buf = bytearray(100) # create a buffer of 100 bytes adc.read_timed(buf, 10) # read analog values into buf at 10Hz # this will take 10 seconds to finish for val in buf: # loop over all values print(val) # print the value out
This function does not allocate any heap memory. It has blocking behaviour: it does not return to the calling program until the buffer is full.
-
ADC.
read_timed_multi
((adcx, adcy, ...), (bufx, bufy, ...), timer)¶ This is a static method. It can be used to extract relative timing or phase data from multiple ADC’s.
It reads analog values from multiple ADC’s into buffers at a rate set by the timer object. Each time the timer triggers a sample is rapidly read from each ADC in turn.
ADC and buffer instances are passed in tuples with each ADC having an associated buffer. All buffers must be of the same type and length and the number of buffers must equal the number of ADC’s.
Buffers can be
bytearray
orarray.array
for example. The ADC values have 12-bit resolution and are stored directly into the buffer if its element size is 16 bits or greater. If buffers have only 8-bit elements (eg abytearray
) then the sample resolution will be reduced to 8 bits.timer must be a Timer object. The timer must already be initialised and running at the desired sampling frequency.
Example reading 3 ADC’s:
adc0 = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X1) # Create ADC's adc1 = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X2) adc2 = pyb.ADC(pyb.Pin.board.X3) tim = pyb.Timer(8, freq=100) # Create timer rx0 = array.array('H', (0 for i in range(100))) # ADC buffers of rx1 = array.array('H', (0 for i in range(100))) # 100 16-bit words rx2 = array.array('H', (0 for i in range(100))) # read analog values into buffers at 100Hz (takes one second) pyb.ADC.read_timed_multi((adc0, adc1, adc2), (rx0, rx1, rx2), tim) for n in range(len(rx0)): print(rx0[n], rx1[n], rx2[n])
This function does not allocate any heap memory. It has blocking behaviour: it does not return to the calling program until the buffers are full.
The function returns
True
if all samples were acquired with correct timing. At high sample rates the time taken to acquire a set of samples can exceed the timer period. In this case the function returnsFalse
, indicating a loss of precision in the sample interval. In extreme cases samples may be missed.The maximum rate depends on factors including the data width and the number of ADC’s being read. In testing two ADC’s were sampled at a timer rate of 210kHz without overrun. Samples were missed at 215kHz. For three ADC’s the limit is around 140kHz, and for four it is around 110kHz. At high sample rates disabling interrupts for the duration can reduce the risk of sporadic data loss.
The ADCAll Object¶
Instantiating this changes all masked ADC pins to analog inputs. The preprocessed MCU temperature, VREF and VBAT data can be accessed on ADC channels 16, 17 and 18 respectively. Appropriate scaling is handled according to reference voltage used (usually 3.3V). The temperature sensor on the chip is factory calibrated and allows to read the die temperature to +/- 1 degree centigrade. Although this sounds pretty accurate, don’t forget that the MCU’s internal temperature is measured. Depending on processing loads and I/O subsystems active the die temperature may easily be tens of degrees above ambient temperature. On the other hand a pyboard woken up after a long standby period will show correct ambient temperature within limits mentioned above.
The ADCAll
read_core_vbat()
, read_vref()
and read_core_vref()
methods read
the backup battery voltage, reference voltage and the (1.21V nominal) reference voltage using the
actual supply as a reference. All results are floating point numbers giving direct voltage values.
read_core_vbat()
returns the voltage of the backup battery. This voltage is also adjusted according
to the actual supply voltage. To avoid analog input overload the battery voltage is measured
via a voltage divider and scaled according to the divider value. To prevent excessive loads
to the backup battery, the voltage divider is only active during ADC conversion.
read_vref()
is evaluated by measuring the internal voltage reference and backscale it using
factory calibration value of the internal voltage reference. In most cases the reading would be close
to 3.3V. If the pyboard is operated from a battery, the supply voltage may drop to values below 3.3V.
The pyboard will still operate fine as long as the operating conditions are met. With proper settings
of MCU clock, flash access speed and programming mode it is possible to run the pyboard down to
2 V and still get useful ADC conversion.
It is very important to make sure analog input voltages never exceed actual supply voltage.
Other analog input channels (0..15) will return unscaled integer values according to the selected precision.
To avoid unwanted activation of analog inputs (channel 0..15) a second parameter can be specified. This parameter is a binary pattern where each requested analog input has the corresponding bit set. The default value is 0xffffffff which means all analog inputs are active. If just the internal channels (16..18) are required, the mask value should be 0x70000.
Example:
adcall = pyb.ADCAll(12, 0x70000) # 12 bit resolution, internal channels
temp = adcall.read_core_temp()


"HIDDEKEL "called by the Accadians id Idikla; i.e., “the river of Idikla”, the third of the four rivers of Paradise (Genesis 2:14). Gesenius interprets the word as meaning “the rapid Tigris.” The Tigris rises in the mountains of Armenia, 15 miles south of the source of the Euphrates, which, after pursuing a south-east course, it joins at Kurnah, about 50 miles above Bassorah. Its whole length is about 1,150 miles.
"HIDDEKEL "called by the Accadians id Idikla; i.e., “the river of Idikla”, the third of the four rivers of Paradise (Genesis 2:14). Gesenius interprets the word as meaning “the rapid Tigris.” The Tigris rises in the mountains of Armenia, 15 miles south of the source of the Euphrates, which, after pursuing a south-east course, it joins at Kurnah, about 50 miles above Bassorah. Its whole length is about 1,150 miles.


Allows checking and running unreviewed patches when connection is established.
If unreviewed patchsets have been created during Jenkins server down time,
Jenkins will trigger "patchset created" events for those patches when the
connection is re-established.
Caution!


Include data in CSV format. The first row are the headers and the first column is the class names.
Width: Height:
Draw!


---
layout: theorems
---
The Extreme Value Theorem
Let $K$ be a nonempty compact subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and let $f:K\to\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function. Then there exists $\vec{a}, \vec{b}\in K$ such that $f(\vec{a})\leq f(\vec{x})\leq f(\vec{b})$ for all $\vec{x}\in K$.
Concepts
Coming soon
Hypothesis
Coming soon
Results
Coming soon
Proof
$K$ is compact and $f$ is continuous implies that $f(K)$ is compact which means $f(K)$ is closed and bounded.
$f(K)\subseteq\mathbb{R}$ is nonempty and bounded. Then there exists some $M=\text{sup}f(K)$ exists. By the definition of a supremum, a sequence $(y_k)_{k=1}^{\infty}$ in $f(k)$ such thta $M-\frac{1}{k}
A similar argument for the infinimum.
Related
Coming soon


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Kicker Power Measuring Device - Rules{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Last Modified: January 1, 2016 • View Official PDF
1.1.1. To test the kicker power of a robot:
<IP_ADDRESS>. Place the ball at the bottom of the ramp, as shown in the figure above, and place the robot behind the ball. The robot must be facing towards the ramp and be positioned relative to the ball as it would be during normal gameplay when kicking.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Activate the robot’s kicker for a single shot. Hint: A special program or program mode is required that keeps the robot stationary, charges or prepares the kicker to its maximum power and then kicks.
<IP_ADDRESS>. For a kicker to be legal, the ball must not travel past the 220mm mark on the ramp (i.e. it must not reach the trough at the end).
| Quantity | Item |
|---|---|
| 1 | Plastic board (A4 paper size) |
| 5 | M3 Spacers (40mm length) |
| 10 | M3 Screws |
2.2.1. To assemble the Kicker Power Measuring Device:
<IP_ADDRESS>. Print out the attached device schematics onto A4 paper at 100% size
<IP_ADDRESS>. Paste the paper onto the plastic board so that the incline line (in red) is on a smooth edge.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Cut out the ramp shape and drill out the holes.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Connect the two ramp pieces using the 40mm spacers.
The Kicker Power Measuring Device, and the majority of these instructions, are the work of the RoboCupJunior Soccer Technical Committee and have been used with permission by RoboCupJunior Australia.
{% endblock %}


Buttons
Buttons trigger actions throughout the interface. They can also be used for navigation.
Text Input


In order to adapt, humans had no choice but to find somewhere else to live. We turned to the underwaters – there were not many options, since most of our planet was underwater anyway.
Life underwater was a far cry from what everyone was used to. We could only try our best to replicate portions of life above the ground. Without sunlight, many flora and fauna we had could no longer survive. In place of the beautiful forests we once had, stands a piece of land filled with artificial trees and flowers. This was all we could do for those who still wanted to appreciate the beauty of nature. As for the animals, only a few of each species were brought underwater. They were kept in special conditions with temperatures suited for their survival, and only a limited number of people could visit them each day.


I would like to...
Request a Script
Script Request
Patient's Full Name:
E-mail address:
Mobile Phone Number:
Medication
Pharmacy
Reason for request/notes:
Proceed to payment


Megan Thee Stallion Gets Real About Those Trey Songz Dating Rumors
November 21, 2019
Megan Thee Stallion Gets Real About Those Trey Songz Dating Rumors
Twitter went crazy after a sultry video of the two surfaced on the internet.
Twitter went crazy after a sultry video of the two surfaced on the internet.
Megan Thee Stallion set the record straight about the Trey Songz dating rumors that set the internet ablaze this morning, tweeting that nothing has ever happened between the two.
As a video of the two cozying up to each other began circulating Twitter, fans shipped the “Big Ole Freak” rapper and “Mr. Steal Your Girl” singer intensely, and it’s not hard to see why. In the video, the two were filmed getting super close at a busy club when Trey Songz’s track “Panty Droppa” came on.
“I wanna make love to you / This right here’s a panty-dropper / This is my panty-droppin’ love song,” Trey crooned on the chorus.
The slow jam certainly upped the ante as the two embraced and swayed to the beat. Megan Thee Stallion put her hands on the side of Trey Songz’s face and chest. But as The Inquisitr has reported, the rapper is no stranger to seductively (and regularly) dancing up a storm.
At one point in the 35-second clip, the rapper slowly dropped it low as she stared intensely into the singer’s eyes. At different points in the video, the two appeared to be whispering in each other’s ears and holding each other close as they danced.
The video came at a time when fans have been speculating that Megan Thee Stallion and boyfriend Moneybagg Yo called it quits after two months together.
Megan Thee Stallion put the Trey Songz rumors to rest on Wednesday when she bluntly replied she never slept with the singer.
“Why y’all want me to be a ‘h*e’ so bad?” she continued on Twitter. “Lol I’ve only dated ONE person y’all know about… all that other sh*t is RUMORS/LIES… I ain’t addressing sh*t else bye.”
This isn’t the first time the Megan Thee Stallion and Trey Songz rumors have spread. In March, the two overtly flirted on Twitter.
“Big Ol Freak make me wanna knock the stallion head off for the culture,” the singer tweeted.
“Somebody tell Trigga he can’t handle me…,” the “Hot Girl Summer” rapper replied, following it up with multiple crying-laughing emoji.
He also reacted with the crying-laughing emoji in his next response.
“lemme see sumn right quick…” he said.
Loading...
Just yesterday, Megan Thee Stallion denied even more romance rumors, shooting down the theory that she’s dating Khloe Kardashian’s ex, Tristan Thompson.
According to CNN, the rumors started when Thompson reportedly invited the rapper to a New York Knicks vs. Cleveland Cavaliers basketball game (he plays for the Cavs). However, once she got wind of the story, she tweeted that it was nothing but lies — even going so far as to emphasize that she doesn’t even know him.


- ELLIPSE - Static variable in class ui.PaintPanel
-
- equals(Object) - Method in class tools.Coordinate
-
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in interface app.cmd.CMD
-
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.DrawEllipse
-
Draws an ellipse based on area's getRectagnle() to MyImage object.
Due to Graphics2D draw method it may not paint very small areas like 1x1.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.DrawLine
-
Draws a line based on area to img.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.DrawRect
-
Draws a rectangle based on area's getRectangle() to img.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.FillColor
-
Fills an area using breadth search starting from current values of point to img.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.FillEllipse
-
Draws an ellipse based on area's getRectangle() to img.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.FillRect
-
Fills a rectangle based on area's getRectangle() to img.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.ReplaceColor
-
Finds all pixels of same color as point's current values are pointing to
and replaces their color by img's current color.
- execute(MyImage, TwoPoint) - Method in class app.cmd.SetAvgColor
-
Calculates average color based on area's getRectangle() and sets it onto
img.
- execute(TwoPoint) - Method in class app.ControlUnit
-
Adds to log current image of MyImage first if logging is true.


§Seneca Roadmap
Seneca tries to follow a quarterly release schedule with major changes gated behind subsequent releases.
This is to enforce the continuity of development, and to ensure that semver is properly followed.
These goals may change at any time based on challenges encountered or contributions from the community.
§3.0.0 - August 2016
- Add new logging system to support object based logging.
- Announce deprecation of ‘old’ logging system.
- Full removal of entity logic from seneca.
- Full removal of seneca-web from seneca.
- Release of seneca-mesh 1.0 for production.
- Completion of ‘Golden Circle’ set of highly maintained plugins.
§4.0 - Late 2016
- Plugin seneca-web no longer included by default.
- Transport specification versioned and updated.
- Transport refactored fully into seneca-transport.
- New base Transport layer for preview.
- Full transport pluggability supported.
§5.0 - Early 2017
- Full deprecation of seneca.pin.
- Removal of rarely used default plugins.
- Reworking of seneca plugin system.
- Performance optimisations.


Delaware man accused of transporting drugs while on drugs
LEWES, Del. (AP) - Delaware State Police say a driver failed to signal a lane change, and a subsequent traffic stop found the driver to be in possession of heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine, opioids and prescription pills.
A police statement says a trooper pulled over 51-year-old Harry Johnson Jr. after witnessing the traffic violation and smelled marijuana coming from the vehicle. It say further investigation determined that Johnson was driving under the influence of drugs, and a search of his vehicle uncovered the drugs and drug paraphernalia.
WBOC-TV reports Johnson was arrested last week and charged with related offense including possession of a controlled substance with an intent to deliver. It’s unclear if Johnson has a lawyer. He was given a secured bond of about $80,000.
Information from: WBOC-TV, http://www.wboc.com/
Sign up for Daily Newsletters
Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


This task takes an SQL Stored procedure name as an input and subscribes to changes in it's resultstep. This means that the task will wait in executing state until the timeout passes or the resultset of the stored procedure changeds.
Input Parameters
StoredProcedureName
- The name of the stored procedure that's result set will be subscribed to.
ConnectionString
- The connection string of the database the query is executed to.
TimeoutS
- The timeout of the stored procedure execution in seconds.
Output Result
Boolean
- True when the resultset changes.


Ferrari Roma front engined V8 coupe unveiled
by Team ODFerrari has unveiled its fifth new car for 2019, the Ferrari Roma. The Roma is a front-engined, rear-wheel-drive V8 coupe and competes with the likes of the Aston Martin Vantage, the Mercedes-AMG GT-R and more powerful versions of the Porsche 911.
Although Ferrari hasn't confirmed this, the Roma seems to be based on the same basic structure as the Portofino convertible. It has the same wheelbase as the Portofino, 2,670mm, but is just shy of its length (4,656mm) and width (1,974mm). It is also 80 kgs lighter than the Portofino at 1,472kg. Unlike its mid-engined models or even the larger front-engined cars, this Ferrari seems to have a more sedate look to it. There are soft, flowing lines, clean bodywork and quite a few elements from older Ferrari models like the teardrop silhouette and muscular haunches. The inward-facing front face and the sharp rake to the boot, with the split taillamps, are other unique touches.
The interiors are also a departure from recent Ferraris. The digital instrument cluster, with the button-heavy steering wheel, remains. But the central tunnel is now placed much higher, flowing in from a high-set dashboard. There is a new infotainment screen in the middle and a separate screen for the passenger. There seem to be more capacitive touch buttons and a new gear selector. Ferrari calls Roma a 2+ coupe, so we expect tiny seats at the back.
The Roma uses another iteration of the brand's 3.9-litre twin-turbo V8. Here it is mounted in the font-mid configuration and makes 620PS and 760 Nm. The claimed 0 to 100 kmph time is of 3.4s, while the 200kmph mark comes up in 9.3s. Top speed is on the better side of 320 kmph. This is paired with the eight-speed DCT that debuted on the SF90 Stradale, mounted on the rear axle


I'm a Full Stack Web Developer and Financial Analyst who is on the lookout for fresh new opportunities.
Excited by the possibilities of code I am seeking an environment where I can be constantly challenged and stimulated, continuing my growth as a developer.
Currently London based.
Read more below.
I was the lead OPEX analyst in central finance UK headquarters and maintained key financial rhythms and business partnering of a $20m OPEX fund. During my four and a half years I developed numerous data cubes and financial reports using Excel, Access, PowerPivot, DAX and MDX, whilst learning key business competencies.
Attended the Web Development Immersive course which enabled me to gain a strong foundational understanding in Full Stack Web Development as well as developing industry standard practices such as AGILE workflow, TDD and Git version control. Developed primarily in JavaScript, using NodeJS, Express, Angular and MongoDB.
Developing fully responsive websites and applications from design to development. Teaching code on an individual basis. Always learning new stuff like Leap Motion, Raspberry Pi and Arduino development


As our story opens young Grumdrig has returned to Horbug following a trying stint in Spilwaer Spond where his laconic disposition and fertile mind bred a series of misadventures which had landed him outside the good graces of the Jordref there, Welham, who had secretly begun a long term course of slow but disaccomodating illpeel in the lad's morning fanwael. Meanwhile, though scarce a tuft of mansefur had yet made its appearance on the boy's manssach, a number of visiting Roilwachhs have begun to exhibit a discreet and seemingly inexplicable interest in the boy. Strange indeed, as he would not reach his krouchensterm for another harvest or more. And when Grumdrig's resiliant compatriot Paedri appears at Grumdrig's lochnotat with a Scrolstamp from the old Speldrig, a woozy foreboding feeling rises from his young gut...
New Game (Single Player)
button,
or click New Game (Multiplayer)
and select a Realm to
compete against players from all over the world.
You will then be presented with the character creation screen.
Select a name, race and class for the new character. Then, use the Roll
button
until you are statisfied with the stats
for your character. Tip: You can use the Unroll
button (a feature exclusive to Progress Quest)
to go back to any previous roll if you find that you've
clicked too hastily.
If you choose to play an online game, your character will share adventures with other Progress Quest characters in an online virtual world. Online play requires internet connectivity, though sophisiticated algorithms keep the bandwidth usage to a minimum. You can compare your character against the top Progress Quest players by visiting http://progressquest.com/realms.php (or hit <Ctrl>-<B> from within the game).
Finally, hit the Sold!
button to begin the game. The game will start immediately and
you can safely familiarize yourself with the game's single interface screen as the game progresses
on its own.
Soon your avatar will will be seeking and destroying an exotic panopoly of beasts while you
gaze proudly on. Missing, you will notice, is the tedious march from town, the bewildering maze of cookie cutter
streets hiding some specific merchant or NPC,
and the repetetive hunt for just the right beast to execute. Progress Quest supplies
your character with an endless series of victims, as well as exciting quests which keep your quest
log full to the brim at all times.
TREASURE: Each slain creature yields a trophy, which can be sold in any town. When the encumbrance bar reaches maximum, your character automatically returns to the nearest town to sell your loot. If sufficiently liquid, he may then purchase an upgrade in equpiment (weapon or armor). That being done, the interpid adventurer then returns to the frontier to spill more blood. Tip: The amount your character can carry before his encumbrance bar fills up increases as his STR stat improves.
QUESTS: When a quest is complete, your character is rewarded with one of: a) a special, valuable, treasure item, b) an improved weapon or piece of armor, c) a boost in stats, or d) a new spell for his spellbook. The character is then assigned a follow-up quest, which he immediately begins to make progress on.
EXPERIENCE AND LEVELING UP: Experience represents your character's knowledge about the world around him, as well as his battle prowess and ability to channel the forces of magical power. Your character gains experience by killing monsters and sentient beings, over and over again. Once the experience bar is full, your character levels up, and is given an automatic boost in several of his stats and a new spell for his spellbook.
DYING: Be warned that your character can be slain by monsters which are tougher than he can handle. However, this concept has been abstracted out of the game and takes effect simply by somewhat reducing the experience accumulated for each successful murder.
 You can pick up where you left off by restarting Progress Quest and clicking the Load Game
button.
You can quit Progress Quest by using the window close box, or by hitting <Alt>-<F4> (hold down the <Alt> key while hitting <F4>), but there is really little need to ever do so. Please note that your character will not make any progress except when Progress Quest is running. Your character will make no progress once you quit the program, until you start Progress Quest again.
| Key | Description |
|---|---|
| Alt-F4 | Exit Progress Quest |
©:Copyright 2003 grumdrig@progressquest.com


---
title: 'Package releases for July 2013'
date: '2013-07-15 17:30:45'
layout: post
slug: package-releases-for-july-2013
categories:
- Uncategorized
tags: { }
---
There have been a few months of quiet on this site, but we've been working toward getting our foundational packages for Phergie 3 stable and continuing work toward a full-featured bot. Stay tuned for further developments.
phergie-irc-parser 1.2.0
Github, Packagist
- Fixed issues with parsing of prefix hostnames (elazar)
- Fixed parsing of messages with an undemarcated trailing parameter (elazar)
- Added Composer vendor directory to .gitignore (julien-c)
phergie-irc-generator 1.1.0
Github, Packagist
- Fixed typo in README example code (chrisbarr)
- Fixed overly general filtering of optional parameters from generated commands (elazar)
phergie-irc-connection 1.1.0
Github, Packagist
- Added default values for servername and hostname per RFC 2812 (elazar)
phergie-irc-client-react beta
Github, Packagist
- Improved documentation (elazar)
- Added unit tests for WriteStream (elazar)
Roadmap
- Add an easily configurable bot runner to phergie-irc-client-react
- Complete unit tests for phergie-irc-client-react
- Create a plugin system that integrates with phergie-irc-client-react


| fkDataAnalysis reference pages | |
process_cluster_theta
synopsis
assign theta amplitude/phase to cluster timestamps
syntax
PROCESS_CLUSTER_THETA(rootdir,epoch)
PROCESS_CLUSTER_THETA(rootdir,epoch,parm1,val1,...)
description
PROCESS_CLUSTER_THETA(rootdir,epoch) assign theta amplitude and phase
to spikes in all clusters for the specified epoch. For each cluster,
the theta signal from the corresponding tetrode is used.
PROCESS_CLUSTER_THETA(rootdir,epoch,parm1,val1,...) specifies
additional options. Valid options are:
- theta_source
- Inf=find signal with highest theta power, 0=use signal of tetrode the cluster is from, 1..n=use the signal from the source with this number (default=0)
- propname
- name under which the porperty is saved (default=theta)
- eeg_selection
- options for select_eeg function to select a subset of eeg signals
Other parameter/value pairs can be used to select a subset of
clusters and are passed directly to the select_cluster function
| calc_trajectory_behavior | Toolbox page | cluster_theta_analysis |


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content_title %} About iotoro {% endblock %} {% block content %}
iotoro is an IOT platform that aims to make connecting devices to the cloud embarrasly easy. The platform is completely free to use and the source code for everything is open-source and can be found on github.