desyrel (trazodone
hydrochloride) tablet
[Bristol-Myers Squibb Company]
Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in short-term studies in children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of DESYREL or any other antidepressant in a child or adolescent must balance this risk with the clinical need. Patients who are started on therapy should be observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. DESYREL is not approved for use in pediatric patients. (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use).
Pooled analyses of short-term (4 to 16 weeks) placebo-controlled trials of 9 antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and others) in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or other psychiatric disorders (a total of 24 trials involving over 4400 patients) have revealed a greater risk of adverse events representing suicidal thinking or behavior (suicidality) during the first few months of treatment in those receiving antidepressants. The average risk of such events in patients receiving antidepressants was 4%, twice the placebo risk of 2%. No suicides occurred in these trials.
DESYREL (trazodone hydrochloride) is an antidepressant chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other known antidepressant agents. Trazodone hydrochloride is a triazolopyridine derivative designated as 2-[3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one hydrochloride. It is a white odorless crystalline powder which is freely soluble in water. Its molecular weight is 408.3. The empirical formula is C19H22ClN5O • HCl and the structural formula is represented as follows:
DESYREL is supplied for oral administration in 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg tablets.
DESYREL Tablets, 150 mg, contain the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, FD&C Yellow No. 6 (aluminum lake), magnesium stearate, pregelatinized starch, and stearic acid.
DESYREL Tablets, 300 mg, contain the following inactive ingredients: microcrystalline cellulose, yellow ferric oxide, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate, pregelatinized starch, and stearic acid.
The mechanism of DESYREL’s antidepressant action in man is not fully understood. In animals, DESYREL selectively inhibits serotonin uptake by brain synaptosomes and potentiates the behavioral changes induced by the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan. Cardiac conduction effects of DESYREL in the anesthetized dog are qualitatively dissimilar and quantitatively less pronounced than those seen with tricyclic antidepressants. DESYREL is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and, unlike amphetamine-type drugs, does not stimulate the central nervous system.
In humans, DESYREL is well absorbed after oral administration without selective localization in any tissue. When DESYREL is taken shortly after ingestion of food, there may be an increase in the amount of drug absorbed, a decrease in maximum concentration and a lengthening in the time to maximum concentration. Peak plasma levels occur approximately one hour after dosing when DESYREL is taken on an empty stomach or two hours after dosing when taken with food.
In vitro studies in human liver microsomes show that trazodone is metabolized to an active metabolite, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Other metabolic pathways that may be involved in metabolism of trazodone have not been well characterized.
In some patients DESYREL may accumulate in the plasma.
See also PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions. In vitro drug metabolism studies reveal that trazodone is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and trazodone metabolism can be inhibited by the CYP3A4 inhibitors ketoconazole, ritonavir, and indinavir. The effect of short-term administration of ritonavir (200 mg twice daily, 4 doses) on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of trazodone (50 mg) has been studied in 10 healthy subjects. The Cmax of trazodone increased by 34%, the AUC increased 2.4-fold, the half-life increased by 2.2-fold, and the clearance decreased by 52%. Adverse effects including nausea, hypotension, and syncope were observed when ritonavir and trazodone were co-administered.
Carbamazepine induces CYP3A4. Following co-administration of carbamazepine 400 mg/day with trazodone 100 mg to 300 mg daily, carbamazepine reduced plasma concentrations of trazodone (as well as mCPP) by 76 and 60%, respectively, compared to pre-carbamazepine values.
For those patients who responded to DESYREL, one-third of the inpatients and one-half of the outpatients had a significant therapeutic response by the end of the first week of treatment. Three-fourths of all responders demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect by the end of the second week. One-fourth of responders required 2–4 weeks for a significant therapeutic response.
DESYREL is indicated for the treatment of depression. The efficacy of DESYREL has been demonstrated in both inpatient and outpatient settings and for depressed patients with and without prominent anxiety. The depressive illness of patients studied corresponds to the Major Depressive Episode criteria of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, III.a
Major Depressive Episode implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least two weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least four of the following eight symptoms: change in appetite, change in sleep, psychomotor agitation or retardation, loss of interest in usual activities or decrease in sexual drive, increased fatigability, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, and suicidal ideation or attempts.
DESYREL is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to DESYREL.
Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), both adult and pediatric, may experience worsening of their depression and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior, whether or not they are taking antidepressant medications, and this risk may persist until significant remission occurs. There has been a long-standing concern that antidepressants may have a role in inducing worsening of depression and the emergence of suicidality in certain patients. Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in short-term studies in children and adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders.
Pooled analyses of short-term placebo-controlled trials of 9 antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and others) in children and adolescents with MDD, OCD, or other psychiatric disorders (a total of 24 trials involving over 4400 patients) have revealed a greater risk of adverse events representing suicidal behavior or thinking (suicidality) during the first few months of treatment in those receiving antidepressants. The average risk of such events in patients receiving antidepressants was 4%, twice the placebo risk of 2%. There was considerable variation in risk among drugs, but a tendency toward an increase for almost all drugs studied. The risk of suicidality was most consistently observed in the MDD trials, but there were signals of risk arising from some trials in other psychiatric indications (obsessive compulsive disorder and social anxiety disorder) as well. No suicides occurred in any of these trials. It is unknown whether the suicidality risk in pediatric patients extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond several months. It is also unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to adults.
All pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for any indication should be observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, and unusual changes in behavior, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes, either increases or decreases. Such observation would generally include at least weekly face-to-face contact with patients or their family members or caregivers during the first 4 weeks of treatment, then every other week visits for the next 4 weeks, then at 12 weeks, and as clinically indicated beyond 12 weeks. Additional contact by telephone may be appropriate between face-to-face visits.
Adults with MDD or co-morbid depression in the setting of other psychiatric illness being treated with antidepressants should be observed similarly for clinical worsening and suicidality, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes, either increases or decreases.
The following symptoms, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, and mania, have been reported in adult and pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder as well as for other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric. Although a causal link between the emergence of such symptoms and either the worsening of depression and/or the emergence of suicidal impulses has not been established, there is concern that such symptoms may represent precursors to emerging suicidality.
Consideration should be given to changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing the medication, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidality or symptoms that might be precursors to worsening depression or suicidality, especially if these symptoms are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient's presenting symptoms.
Families and caregivers of pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder or other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric, should be alerted about the need to monitor patients for the emergence of agitation, irritability, unusual changes in behavior, and the other symptoms described above, as well as the emergence of suicidality, and to report such symptoms immediately to health care providers. Such monitoring should include daily observation by families and caregivers. Prescriptions for DESYREL should be written for the smallest quantity of tablets consistent with good patient management, in order to reduce the risk of overdose. Families and caregivers of adults being treated for depression should be similarly advised.
A major depressive episode may be the initial presentation of bipolar disorder. It is generally believed (though not established in controlled trials) that treating such an episode with an antidepressant alone may increase the likelihood of precipitation of a mixed/manic episode in patients at risk for bipolar disorder. Whether any of the symptoms described above represent such a conversion is unknown. However, prior to initiating treatment with an antidepressant, patients with depressive symptoms should be adequately screened to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder; such screening should include a detailed psychiatric history, including a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression. It should be noted that DESYREL is not approved for use in treating bipolar depression.
TRAZODONE HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF PRIAPISM. IN MANY OF THE CASES REPORTED, SURGICAL INTERVENTION WAS REQUIRED AND, IN A SOME OF THESE CASES, PERMANENT IMPAIRMENT OF ERECTILE FUNCTION OR IMPOTENCE RESULTED. MALE PATIENTS WITH PROLONGED OR INAPPROPRIATE ERECTIONS SHOULD IMMEDIATELY DISCONTINUE THE DRUG AND CONSULT THEIR PHYSICIAN.
The detumescence of priapism and drug-induced penile erections has been accomplished by both pharmacologic, e.g., the intracavernosal injection of alpha-adrenergic stimulants such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as surgical procedures.b-g Any pharmacologic or surgical procedure utilized in the treatment of priapism should be performed under the supervision of a urologist or a physician familiar with the procedure and should not be initiated without urologic consultation if the priapism has persisted for more than 24 hours.
DESYREL (trazodone hydrochloride) is not recommended for use during the initial recovery phase of myocardial infarction.
Caution should be used when administering DESYREL to patients with cardiac disease, and such patients should be closely monitored, since antidepressant drugs (including DESYREL) have been associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias. Recent clinical studies in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease indicate that DESYREL may be arrhythmogenic in some patients in that population. Arrhythmias identified include isolated PVCs, ventricular couplets, and in two patients short episodes (3–4 beats) of ventricular tachycardia.
The possibility of suicide in seriously depressed patients is inherent in the illness and may persist until significant remission occurs. Therefore, prescriptions should be written for the smallest number of tablets consistent with good patient management.
Hypotension, including orthostatic hypotension and syncope, has been reported to occur in patients receiving DESYREL. Concomitant administration of antihypertensive therapy with DESYREL may require a reduction in the dose of the antihypertensive drug.
Little is known about the interaction between DESYREL and general anesthetics; therefore, prior to elective surgery, DESYREL should be discontinued for as long as clinically feasible.
As with all antidepressants, the use of DESYREL should be based on the consideration of the physician that the expected benefits of therapy outweigh potential risk factors.
Prescribers or other health professionals should inform patients, their families, and their caregivers about the benefits and risks associated with treatment with DESYREL and should counsel them in its appropriate use. A patient Medication Guide About Using Antidepressants in Children and Teenagers is available for DESYREL. The prescriber or health professional should instruct patients, their families, and their caregivers to read the Medication Guide and should assist them in understanding its contents. Patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the contents of the Medication Guide and to obtain answers to any questions they may have. The complete text of the Medication Guide is reprinted at the end of this document.
Patients should be advised of the following issues and asked to alert their prescriber if these occur while taking DESYREL.
Patients, their families, and their caregivers should be encouraged to be alert to the emergence of anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, mania, other unusual changes in behavior, worsening of depression, and suicidal ideation, especially early during antidepressant treatment and when the dose is adjusted up or down. Families and caregivers of patients should be advised to observe for the emergence of such symptoms on a day-to-day basis, since changes may be abrupt. Such symptoms should be reported to the patient's prescriber or health professional, especially if they are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient's presenting symptoms. Symptoms such as these may be associated with an increased risk for suicidal thinking and behavior and indicate a need for very close monitoring and possibly changes in the medication.
Because priapism has been reported to occur in patients receiving DESYREL, patients with prolonged or inappropriate penile erection should immediately discontinue the drug and consult with the physician (see WARNINGS).
Antidepressants may impair the mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks, such as operating an automobile or machinery; the patient should be cautioned accordingly.
DESYREL may enhance the response to alcohol, barbiturates, and other CNS depressants.
DESYREL should be given shortly after a meal or light snack. Within any individual patient, total drug absorption may be up to 20% higher when the drug is taken with food rather than on an empty stomach. The risk of dizziness/lightheadedness may increase under fasting conditions.
Occasional low white blood cell and neutrophil counts have been noted in patients receiving DESYREL. These were not considered clinically significant and did not necessitate discontinuation of the drug; however, the drug should be discontinued in any patient whose white blood cell count or absolute neutrophil count falls below normal levels. White blood cell and differential counts are recommended for patients who develop fever and sore throat (or other signs of infection) during therapy.
In vitro drug metabolism studies suggest that there is a potential for drug interactions when trazodone is given with CYP3A4 inhibitors. Ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, increased the Cmax, AUC, and elimination half-life, and decreased clearance of trazodone after administration of ritonavir twice daily for 2 days. Adverse effects including nausea, hypotension, and syncope were observed when ritonavir and trazodone were co-administered. It is likely that ketoconazole, indinavir, and other CYP3A4 inhibitors such as itraconazole or nefazodone may lead to substantial increases in trazodone plasma concentrations, with the potential for adverse effects. If trazodone is used with a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, a lower dose of trazodone should be considered.
Carbamazepine reduced plasma concentrations of trazodone when co-administered. Patients should be closely monitored to see if there is a need for an increased dose of trazodone when taking both drugs.
Increased serum digoxin or phenytoin levels have been reported to occur in patients receiving DESYREL concurrently with either of those two drugs.
It is not known whether interactions will occur between monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and DESYREL. Due to the absence of clinical experience, if MAO inhibitors are discontinued shortly before or are to be given concomitantly with DESYREL, therapy should be initiated cautiously with gradual increase in dosage until optimum response is achieved.
Concurrent administration with electroshock therapy should be avoided because of the absence of experience in this area.
There have been reports of increased and decreased prothrombin time occurring in warfarinized patients who take DESYREL.
No drug- or dose-related occurrence of carcinogenesis was evident in rats receiving DESYREL in daily oral doses up to 300 mg/kg for 18 months.
DESYREL has been shown to cause increased fetal resorption and other adverse effects on the fetus in two studies using the rat when given at dose levels approximately 30–50 times the proposed maximum human dose. There was also an increase in congenital anomalies in one of three rabbit studies at approximately 15–50 times the maximum human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. DESYREL should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
DESYREL and/or its metabolites have been found in the milk of lactating rats, suggesting that the drug may be secreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when DESYREL is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established (see BOX WARNING and WARNINGS—Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk).
Anyone considering the use of DESYREL in a child or adolescent must balance the potential risks with the clinical need.
Because the frequency of adverse drug effects is affected by diverse factors (e.g., drug dose, method of detection, physician judgment, disease under treatment, etc.) a single meaningful estimate of adverse event incidence is difficult to obtain. This problem is illustrated by the variation in adverse event incidence observed and reported from the inpatients and outpatients treated with DESYREL. It is impossible to determine precisely what accounts for the differences observed.
The table below is presented solely to indicate the relative frequency of adverse events reported in representative controlled clinical studies conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DESYREL® (trazodone hydrochloride).
The figures cited cannot be used to predict precisely the incidence of untoward events in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors often differ from those which prevailed in the clinical trials. These incidence figures, also, cannot be compared with those obtained from other clinical studies involving related drug products and placebo as each group of drug trials is conducted under a different set of conditions.
| Treatment-Emergent Symptom Incidence | ||||
| Inpts. | Outpts. | |||
| D | P | D | P | |
| * Incidence less than 1% | ||||
| D = DESYREL P = PLACEBO | ||||
| Number of Patients | 142 | 95 | 157 | 158 |
| % of Patients Reporting | ||||
| Allergic | ||||
| Skin Condition/Edema | 2.8 | 1.1 | 7.0 | 1.3 |
| Autonomic | ||||
| Blurred Vision | 6.3 | 4.2 | 14.7 | 3.8 |
| Constipation | 7.0 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 5.7 |
| Dry Mouth | 14.8 | 8.4 | 33.8 | 20.3 |
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| Hypertension | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
| Hypotension | 7.0 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 0.0 |
| Shortness of Breath | * | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
| Syncope | 2.8 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 1.3 |
| Tachycardia/Palpitations | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| CNS | ||||
| Anger/Hostility | 3.5 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 2.5 |
| Confusion | 4.9 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 7.6 |
| Decreased Concentration | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
| Disorientation | 2.1 | 0.0 | * | 0.0 |
| Dizziness/Lightheadedness | 19.7 | 5.3 | 28.0 | 15.2 |
| Drowsiness | 23.9 | 6.3 | 40.8 | 19.6 |
| Excitement | 1.4 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 5.7 |
| Fatigue | 11.3 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 2.5 |
| Headache | 9.9 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 15.8 |
| Insomnia | 9.9 | 10.5 | 6.4 | 12.0 |
| Impaired Memory | 1.4 | 0.0 | * | * |
| Nervousness | 14.8 | 10.5 | 6.4 | 8.2 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Abdominal/Gastric Disorder | 3.5 | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.4 |
| Bad Taste in Mouth | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Diarrhea | 0.0 | 1.1 | 4.5 | 1.9 |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 9.9 | 1.1 | 12.7 | 9.5 |
| Musculoskeletal | ||||
| Musculoskeletal Aches/Pains | 5.6 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 2.5 |
| Neurological | ||||
| Incoordination | 4.9 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.0 |
| Paresthesia | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | * |
| Tremors | 2.8 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 3.8 |
| Sexual Function | ||||
| Decreased Libido | * | 1.1 | 1.3 | * |
| Other | ||||
| Decreased Appetite | 3.5 | 5.3 | 0.0 | * |
| Eyes Red/Tired/Itching | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Head Full-Heavy | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Malaise | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nasal/Sinus Congestion | 2.8 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 3.2 |
| Nightmares/Vivid Dreams | * | 1.1 | 5.1 | 5.7 |
| Sweating/Clamminess | 1.4 | 1.1 | * | * |
| Tinnitus | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | * |
| Weight Gain | 1.4 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 1.9 |
| Weight Loss | * | 3.2 | 5.7 | 2.5 |
Occasional sinus bradycardia has occurred in long-term studies.
In addition to the relatively common (i.e., greater than 1%) untoward events enumerated above, the following adverse events have been reported to occur in association with the use of DESYREL® (trazodone hydrochloride) in the controlled clinical studies: akathisia, allergic reaction, anemia, chest pain, delayed urine flow, early menses, flatulence, hallucinations/delusions, hematuria, hypersalivation, hypomania, impaired speech, impotence, increased appetite, increased libido, increased urinary frequency, missed periods, muscle twitches, numbness, and retrograde ejaculation.
Although the following adverse reactions have been reported in DESYREL users, the causal association has neither been confirmed nor refuted.
Voluntary reports received since market introduction include the following: abnormal dreams, agitation, alopecia, anxiety, aphasia, apnea, ataxia, breast enlargement or engorgement, cardiospasm, cerebrovascular accident, chills, cholestatis, clitorism, congestive heart failure, diplopia, edema, extrapyramidal symptoms, grand mal seizures, hallucinations, hemolytic anemia, hirsutism, hyperbilirubinemia, increased amylase, increased salivation, insomnia, leukocytosis, leukonychia, jaundice, lactation, liver enzyme alterations, methemoglobinemia, nausea/vomiting (most frequently), paresthesia, paranoid reaction, priapism (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS, Information for Patients; some patients have required surgical intervention), pruritus, psoriasis, psychosis, rash, stupor, inappropriate ADH syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, unexplained death, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, urticaria, vasodilation, vertigo and weakness.
Cardiovascular system effects which have been reported include the following: conduction block, orthostatic hypotension and syncope, palpitations, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, and ventricular ectopic activity, including ventricular tachycardia (see WARNINGS).
The oral LD50 of the drug is 610 mg/kg in mice, 486 mg/kg in rats, and 560 mg/kg in rabbits.
Death from overdose has occurred in patients ingesting DESYREL (trazodone hydrochloride) and other drugs concurrently (namely, alcohol; alcohol + chloral hydrate + diazepam; amobarbital; chlordiazepoxide; or meprobamate).
The most severe reactions reported to have occurred with overdose of DESYREL alone have been priapism, respiratory arrest, seizures, and EKG changes. The reactions reported most frequently have been drowsiness and vomiting. Overdosage may cause an increase in incidence or severity of any of the reported adverse reactions (see ADVERSE REACTIONS).
There is no specific antidote for DESYREL. Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive in the case of hypotension or excessive sedation. Any patient suspected of having taken an overdose should have the stomach emptied by gastric lavage. Forced diuresis may be useful in facilitating elimination of the drug.
The dosage should be initiated at a low level and increased gradually, noting the clinical response and any evidence of intolerance. Occurrence of drowsiness may require the administration of a major portion of the daily dose at bedtime or a reduction of dosage. DESYREL should be taken shortly after a meal or light snack. Symptomatic relief may be seen during the first week, with optimal antidepressant effects typically evident within two weeks. Twenty-five percent of those who respond to DESYREL require more than two weeks (up to four weeks) of drug administration.
An initial dose of 150 mg/day in divided doses is suggested. The dose may be increased by 50 mg/day every three to four days. The maximum dose for outpatients usually should not exceed 400 mg/day in divided doses. Inpatients (i.e., more severely depressed patients) may be given up to but not in excess of 600 mg/day in divided doses.
Dosage during prolonged maintenance therapy should be kept at the lowest effective level. Once an adequate response has been achieved, dosage may be gradually reduced, with subsequent adjustment depending on therapeutic response.
Although there has been no systematic evaluation of the efficacy of DESYREL beyond six weeks, it is generally recommended that a course of antidepressant drug treatment should be continued for several months.
DESYREL® (trazodone hydrochloride)
Tablets, 150 mg—orange, in the Dividose® tablet design (debossed with MJ and 778 on front; “50,”“50,”“50” on reverse)
NDC 0087-0778-43 Bottles of 100
Tablets, 300 mg—yellow, in the Dividose® tablet design (debossed with MJ and 796 on front; “100,”“100,”“100” on reverse)
NDC 0087-0796-41 Bottles of 100
Store at room temperature. Protect from temperatures above 104° F (40° C).
Dispense in tight, light-resistant container (USP).
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Princeton, NJ 08543-4500, USA
Revised January 2005
DESYREL® (Trazodone Hydrochloride) TABLETS
Medication Guide
About Using Antidepressants in Children and Teenagers
What is the most important information I should know if my child is being prescribed an antidepressant?
Parents or guardians need to think about 4 important things when their child is prescribed an antidepressant:
1. There is a Risk of Suicidal Thoughts or Actions
Children and teenagers sometimes think about suicide, and many report trying to kill themselves.
Antidepressants increase suicidal thoughts and actions in some children and teenagers. But suicidal thoughts and actions can also be caused by depression, a serious medical condition that is commonly treated with antidepressants.
A large study combined the results of 24 different studies of children and teenagers with depression or other illnesses. In these studies, patients took either a placebo (sugar pill) or an antidepressant for 1 to 4 months. No one committed suicide in these studies, but some patients became suicidal. On sugar pills, 2 out of every 100 became suicidal. On the antidepressants, 4 out of every 100 patients became suicidal.
For some children and teenagers, the risk of suicidal actions may be especially high. These include patients with
If any of these are present, make sure you tell your healthcare provider before your child takes an antidepressant.
2. How to Try to Prevent Suicidal Thoughts and Actions
To try to prevent suicidal thought and actions in your child, pay close attention to changes in her or his moods or actions, especially if the changes occur suddenly. Other important people in your child’s life can help by paying attention as well (e.g., your child, brothers and sisters, teachers, and other important people). The changes to look out for are listed in Section 3, on what to watch for.
Whenever an antidepressant is started or its dose is changed, pay close attention to your child.
After starting an antidepressant, your child should generally see his or her healthcare provider:
You should call your child’s healthcare provider between visits if needed.
3.  Stopping an antidepressant suddenly can cause other symptoms.
4. There are Benefits and Risks When Using Antidepressants
Antidepressants are used to treat depression and other illnesses. Depression and other illnesses can lead to suicide. In some children and teenagers, treatment with an antidepressant increases suicidal thinking or actions. It is important to discuss all the risks of treating depression and also the risks of not treating it. You and your child should discuss all treatment choices with your healthcare provider, not just the use of antidepressants.
Other side effects can occur with antidepressants (see section below).
Of all antidepressants, only fluoxetine (Prozac®) has been FDA approved to treat pediatric depression.
For obsessive compulsive disorder in children and teenagers, FDA has approved only fluoxetine (Prozac®), sertraline (Zoloft®), fluvoxamine, and clomipramine (Anafranil®).
Your healthcare provider may suggest other antidepressants based on the past experience of your child or other family members.
Is this all I need to know if my child is being prescribed an antidepressant?
No. This is a warning about the risk for suicidality. Other side effects can occur with antidepressants. Be sure to ask your healthcare provider to explain all the side effects of the particular drug he or she is prescribing. Also ask about drugs to avoid when taking an antidepressant. Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist where to find more information.
Prozac® is a registered trademark of Eli Lilly and Company
Zoloft® is a registered trademark of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
Anafranil® is a registered trademark of Mallinckrodt Inc.
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration for all antidepressants.
Revised January 26, 2005
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Revised: 06/2007


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The market can range or trend. A market is ranging when the price goes up and down continuously without a specific direction. On the other hand, when the price momentum increases in a specific direction you can say that the market is trending.
The market usually moves in and irregular fashion. Nevertheless, there are frequent moments where the price moves this way:
That's a clear trend. We can identify three moments: beginning, retracement, and resumption.
Let's see this two charts:
In the first image, we can observe a ranging market. It doesn't move in a well-defined direction. Then it starts to strongly move upwards originating a new bullish trend.
In the second image we see a bullish trend that, once it's finished, it's followed by a new bearish trend. This new tendency is also strong and lasts enough time to take a profit out of it.
It is very important to recognize when a new trend begins. We could do that just by watching at the chart. But that's a subjective method where different traders could have contrasting opinions. Some would say that it is the beginning of a new bullish trend. Others say that it is just a temporal retracement that will later resume.
That's why systematic trading seeks to measure trends with the help of technical indicators. There a lot of them that can help you measure a trend. Among the most famous you find the Moving Averages, the Momentum Oscillator and the ADX.
Every trend needs to take a breath at some point before it continues. Look at the next chart:
You can see how the trend is not linear. Instead, it moves backward many times. These are key moments to 'surf the trend'.
The first moment of a trend can be abrupt, therefore it is prone to slippage and human errors. On the contrary, retracements are more peaceful. That's why they are good entry points, with low slippage risks. The final goal of such entrance is to make a profit off a continuation of the previous trend.
We can also use indicators to measure trends' pull backs and so determine an entry point.
Finaly, after a break, the price may or may not continue the prior trend. Although not every trend continues after retracing, when they do, they do it strongly. Trend trading takes advantage of this pattern.
Let's summarize with an image of an 'ideal' trend.


| Gifting Experiences | “The more you love, the more love you are given to love with.” |
“I think it is great how you are providing an opportunity for people to recycle what they no longer wish to keep and give it to a good cause. Plus, I love knowing that someone will have the delight of opening a surprise gift for the holidays that he/she otherwise would not have. Your project makes me feel a part of something bigger than me, which is very gratifying”
Laura Maria Hornsby
I helped distribute unsolicited gifts to random people with Kalei in December of 2012. It was a memorable experience. The others had wrapped and bagged gifts and filled stockings for several days. They had designated some as best for kids, men or women so we tried to select an appropriate gift for whomever we stopped. People were so surprised to have something offered to them. I think some people may have thought we were strange but then amazed when they realized that this was a random act of kindness/generosity and that all we wanted was for them to pass it on as possible.
Wanda
“It is so much fun to watch the ripple effect of this and to see total strangers tear up with joy from receiving a gift from a stranger who wants nothing from them but who simply wants to spread some positive energy in the community”
Kalei
"Up until recently, Random Acts of Kindness were something I only appreciated on bumper stickers. When Kalei approached me to participate in her gift givers project last winter, I jumped on the occasion. Initially many people were cautious when we approached them as total strangers, only to light up like Christmas trees when they realized we were gifting them. A few months later I was in a retail store when a total stranger approached me and several others with store-wide savings coupons. She informed me she always prints extra coupons when she shops and hands them out. Both of these experiences lifted my spirit and give me hope that a brighter future lies ahead and begins with each and every one of us."
Stephen P. Weiss, M.D.
I cannot express to you the joy that being a part of this brings. From the collecting, bagging, to giving the joy within you builds. When you see a stranger’s face go from confusion, then slowly to understanding. That's when their smile appears,changing everything. At that moment pure joy has taken over. It is amazing! In a world that teaches us it's all about self. It is a blessing for my girls to be involved with the sole purpose of others. Here is the best part. It doesn't matter what your skin is, what your job or income is, or how different your life's might be. This is a heart thing. Hearts working side by side….Why? Here is the kicker. Just because. Giving what every one of us desires. Simple kindness, love and joy. There is nothing like it! __JENNA
I was fascinated with the project when you first told me about it. I think it is awesome to see people give to those in need without expecting anything in return.
It is great to see how just a little gift and thought can really make someone else’s day and make their face glow! It has been a good experience to get my other friends involved in as well.
Giving from the heart is the most rewarding feeling. We are all so blessed and it is great to have an opportunity to share that blessing with others as well.
(This project) has grown like an epidemic and epidemic of giving!!
-Emily Arzate
Kalei,
I was overjoyed to receive gifts to help our women with breast cancer!! I felt like an angel had come out of nowhere to help our struggling women and their children. I was so happy to be able to deliver these gifts to the families with our partnering organizations. You should have seen the faces of the families as they received gifts just because….just because they are special, just because they are going through a hard time, just because someone out there was thinking of them and wanted to pay it forward!!! The spirit of giving and healing go together. As I received, I gave. And as the women and children received they will pass it on. It changes hearts and lives and I am so honored to be part of it!!!
Diane DaCamara
Anita Salas Memorial Fund
Donors:
Sharon’s Estate Sales
Since our estate sale company has been using Gift Givers Anonymous at the end of our sales, it has not only simplified our function both for us and for our clients, but it has also enriched our lives so much knowing that the things we didn’t sell will be used to do good in the community. Gift Givers Anonymous is an incredibly amazing organization, and we enjoy and appreciate Kalei and Theresa and their volunteers so much.
Sharon Lusk
Owner of Sharon’s Estate Sales
Albuquerque Meadows Estate Sales
I would like to Thank You for your donation to our community. I have worked with many organizations that have offered services but never seem to be reliable.
I have referred your organization to many other donors because you schedule your pickups, arrive in a timely manner, bring sufficient help and are very professional.
I understand the items donated are given to people getting a new start in life or sometimes people that just need a Boost.
Again, thank you for your Community service.
Natalie Guidry
Rod Johnson
Estate Sales by Wings
We have had the distinct pleasure of working closely with Gift Givers and, can say with out question that they provide an essential service to both client and, community combined. Their dedication and, hard work is beyond measure. No job is too big and, no need goes unfurnished. They are a blessing to our city and, a definite joy to work with.
Beverly Hubbard
Owner of Estate Sales by Wings
MCH Family Outreach
MCH Family Outreach (family) case managers have been partnering with Gift Givers Anonymous since before they had their current storage space. GGA has filled a huge gap in the giving community – prior to GGA, there were almost no resources for furniture and household items our families desperately need when they are trying to recover from disastrous life events. Thank you GGA for your cheerful generosity! You guys are a joy to work with and you make our families’ and our lives much easier!
Virginia M. Lawlor (Ginger): Case Manager
St. Martin’s
Gift Givers Anonymous makes a huge impact in the lives of the clients of St. Martin’s Hospitality Center. Since August 2013, over 4,000 unique individuals have passed through our doors. These clients enter the shelter in desperate need of everything: shoes, clothing, undergarments, food, and hygiene products. The generosity of Gift Givers Anonymous allows us to fill these most basic needs, especially since GGA donates throughout the year and not just during the holiday season. GGA is also extremely important to clients moving into new housing, as they provide furniture, kitchenware, and linens for our clients. St. Martin’s has many programs but only with the help of sister programs, like Gift Givers Anonymous, could we fully support our clients at each stage of their journeys.
Linda Fuller Director of Employment Services/ St. Martin’s Hospitality Center
Barrett Foundation
First of all I would like to say Gift Givers Anonymous has been a BLESSING to my Ladies and Families in the Bridges Housing Program. The furniture and other household items that you all have donated have help out so many of my clients.
From the ladies and children in the Bridges Housing Program and myself, we want to thank Gift Givers Anonymous for all of their Generosity in giving and helping people in need. Thanks again.
Laura Benjamin: Case Manager for Barrett Foundation / Bridges Transitional Housing


Hi, I'm Sarah. This site is home to my casual writings and curiosity-driven projects; usually about the law, occasionally about running.


After its establishment in 1990, TES has evolved from a process oriented Engineering Company to one of India’s largest private sector engineering companies. We are a well recognized, pre-qualified full scope Consultant with most major National & International Oil & Gas Operating Companies.
We are a company that has been approved for engineering services with BP, BHP Petroleum, ENI, Exxon, IOCL, KNPC, KOC, National Oil Company of Nigeria, ORPIC, ONGC, Petrobras, Shell, Total and a host of other important players in the Oil & Gas Sector worldwide. With an impressive track record for high end Process Design, Basic Engineering, FEED, Detailed Engineering, Project Management Consultancy (PMC), Engineering & Project Management consultancy(EPMC), Procurement Engineering & Associated Services, Construction Management & Commissioning Services.
The company employs staff strength of about 400 qualified & experienced technical personnel and Management consultants in variety of specialist fields to take-up any magnitude of complex projects in the hydrocarbon sector.
We offer comprehensive and interdisciplinary engineering and consultancy support to meet stiff challenges and job requirements. We provide the entire spectrum of engineering services from conceptual stage to commissioning.
TES has built up a formidable track record in the Engineering and Design of Topsides of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Systems (FPSO) and Fixed Platforms, besides having extensive experience in Onshore Oil & Gas, Refining & Petrochemicals, Pipeline Projects, etc.
TES is committed to provide sound engineering, project management and construction supervision services. It continually strives to further enhance the quality of its services with active participation from all employees and with feedback from stakeholders thus enhancing the satisfaction of its clients.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Possimus aut mollitia eum ipsum fugiat odio officiis odit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Possimus aut mollitia eum ipsum fugiat odio officiis odit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Possimus aut mollitia eum ipsum fugiat odio officiis odit.


Innsights
This is the client gem to communicate with the Innsights API.
Innsights is the service that gives you the power to answer:
- ¿What are your users doing?
- ¿Which ones are behaving the way you want?
- ¿How can you replicate this behaviour?
Innsights answers these questions by giving you an easy way to track the features in your application, the users getting involved with those features and the characteristics of those users.
Getting Started
You have an Innsights account right?
Not yet? Get one right here.
1. Get the gem
On your Gemfile
gem 'innsights', :github => "innku/innsights-gem"
Living on the edge (Gem's latest bells and whistles)
gem 'innsights', :github => "innku/innsights-gem", :branch => 'develop'
2. Set it up
Run the generator:
rails generate innsights:install
The generator will prompt for your email
and password
. Be kind and comply.
Two files will be created:
- config/innsights.yml (Credentials and configuration)
- config/initializers/innsights.rb (Action tracking configuration)
Not using Rails? See Stand alone setup
3. Setup the users
To relate the actions happening on your application with your actual users, we need you to specify the class that stores your users information and the methods that hold the pieces of data that Innsights needs.
Innsights.setup do
...
user User do
display :name
id :your_id
group :group_class
end
...
end
The user
DSL specifies:
display
: Human readable string of your user. Defaults to::to_s
id
: Unique identifier. Defaults to::id
Optionally, if your users belong to a group such as a company or a team and it has an attribute that relates the two you can specify it with:
group
: You'll need to specify the id and display for the group as well. More on that on the next section
If your using the defaults and your users do not belong to any group, your user setup could look like this:
Innsights.setup do
...
user User
...
end
4. Setup the groups
If you want to group your users in a group model such as a company, or a team, you will also need to specify an id and display for that group.
Innsights.setup do
...
group GroupClass do
display :name
id :your_id
end
...
end
The group
DSL specifies:
display
: Human readable string of your group. Defaults to::to_s
id
: Unique identifier. Defaults to::id
If your groups use both the specified defaults, the configuration might loook like:
Innsights.setup do
...
group GroupClass
...
end
5. Track your actions
There are three ways to report what your users are doing to Innsights.
The Fast way
The only mandatory attribute is the name
Innsights.report('Purchased Book').run
Optional attributes can be added. The user is strongly encouraged to be:
Innsights.report('Purchased Book', user: current_user, :created_at: 1.day.ago).run
If the tracked action moves any actionable metrics, you are encouraged to track them as well
Innsights.report('Purchased Book', user: current_user, measure: {money: @book.price}).run
The attributes of an action are:
name
created_at
user
measure
(hash of actionable metrics with numeric values)
This Innsights module method can be called anywhere in your application.
Also important: a group can be explicitly set and it will supercede that of the user configuration.
The DSL way
A cleaner way of specifying the reports is at the initializer in: config/initializers/innsights.rb
Report on model callbacks
Innsights.setup do
...
watch Tweet do
report 'New Tweet'
user :user
created_at :created_at
upon :after_create
end
...
end
Every DSL method can receive a block that will yield the Model Record
Innsights.setup do
...
watch Tweet do
report 'Delete Tweet'
user :user
created_at :created_at
measure :chars, with: lambda {|tweet| tweet.body.size }
upon :after_destroy
end
...
end
The DSL has the same methods that the Innsights.report optional attributes, with the addition of:
upon
Defaults to::after_create
Report after a controller action
This will send a report to Innsights after accessing to the users#new
action.
watch 'account#prices' do
report 'Upgrade intention'
user :current_user
measure :
end
watch 'home#contact' do
report 'Seeking Information'
end
NOTE: if you pass a block to a dsl method, it will yield the controller instance
Special cases
A condition can be added to a report to specify when the action will be triggered.
watch Tweet do
report :tweet_with_link, if: lambda{|tweet| tweet.has_link? }
end
The measure attribute can be called more than once to add additional Actionable Metrics
watch Tweet do
report 'New Tweet'
measure words:, with: :word_count #calls tweet.word_count
measure characters:, with: :char_count #calls tweet.char_count
end
6. Queueing action reports
- Resque: Requires that you have resque installed and resque workers running.
Innsights.setup do
...
config do
queue :resque
end
...
end
- Delayed_job: Requires that you have delayed_job installed and delayed_job workers running.
Innsights.setup do
...
config do
queue :delayed_job
end
...
end
Also check outother configuration Options for details.
License
We have a LICENSE File. Check it out.


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Welcome to PyMan’s documentation!
¶
Contents:
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All config options you can turn on/off from the theme box configuration (green icon on the left side of page).
Available configure options
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Check the Dashboard v.4 with basic layout
Check the Outlook view in in full height page
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Linked Data means connecting individual pieces of data on the Web, so that automated clients can interpret them more easily. Servers can offer access to such data through different standardized and non-standardized interfaces, the properties of which profoundly influence the characteristics of clients and servers during interactions. This document defines Linked Data Fragments, a uniform view on all possible interfaces to publish Linked Data. This view allows us to analyze the properties of existing interfaces, and to define new interfaces with different combinations of properties. Additionally, this document explains how existing interfaces fit into this uniform view.
This specification was published by the Hydra W3C Community Group. It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track. Please note that under the W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA) there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply. Learn more about W3C Community and Business Groups.
To participate in the development of this specification, please join the Hydra W3C Community Group. If you have questions, want to suggest a feature, or raise an issue, please send a mail to the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list.
A gigantic amount of digital information exists, and new documents are created every day. Most of them are written in natural languages, which machines cannot fully interpret yet. And even if a document contains machine-interpretable information, the appropriate context is often missing. For instance, what do thousands of numbers in a comma-separated file mean?
Machines prefer structured data using unambiguous identifiers. Linked Data [[LINKED-DATA]] combines both to make it easier for machines to process and integrate data from different sources. URLs—the unambiguous identifiers of the Web—not only identify a resource, they also allow to retrieve a representation thereof. Machine-interpretable structured data is possible using the triple-based model of RDF [[RDF11-CONCEPTS]].
All RDF triples have a subject, predicate, and object,
and in the case of Linked Data, these components are dereferenceable URLs.
For example, the following triple expresses that Walt Disney is a person:
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walt_Disney>
<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>.
Linked Data is thus linked on two levels:
on one level, we link “Walt Disney” and “Person” together with the “type” relation;
on another level, each of those three components is a link toward more information.
This combination of structure and URLs is the essence of Linked Data:
if you don't know what
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walt_Disney
or
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
mean,
you can look up information about those topics through their URL.
You can convey Linked Data in the RDF model through various concrete forms:
The most straightforward way to access Linked Data
is to follow the URL of a Linked Data document.
In other words, we use the HTTP protocol [[RFC7230]]
to retrieve a representation
of the resource identified by that URL.
This process is called dereferencing.
For example, you can copy and paste the URL
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walt_Disney
in your browser, which will lead to an HTML document with triples in RDFa.
Automated clients might ask for other representations of this resource,
for instance, in JSON-LD or Turtle.
However, such an interface based on Linked Data documents and dereferencing
has its limitations.
For example, while the URL
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person
describes the notion of “a person”,
it does not give access to a list of all persons.
This would in fact be impossible:
the Web server at xmlns.com
is not supposed to know
which resources from dbpedia.org
use this type.
The alternative to scan all documents on dbpedia.org
and extract this information would be highly impractical.
Therefore, if we want to retrieve the members of this list efficiently,
we need another interface.
An alternative interface is a data dump,
which is a typically large file that contains all triples from a certain dataset.
Using a data dump of dbpedia.org
,
we could find the list of all people.
Unfortunately, this would involve downloading a lot of information,
even though we are only interested in a small fraction.
SPARQL endpoints [[SPARQL11-PROTOCOL]] offer an interface
that allows to select data much more granularly.
This is more convenient for clients,
but individual requests are considerably more expensive for servers.
The above indicates that each type of interface to Linked Data comes with its own characteristics, which can lead to advantages or disadvantages in particular situations.
The goal of Linked Data Fragments is to provide a uniform view on all possible interfaces to Linked Data. Thereby, we want to provide a conceptual framework to characterize all Linked Data interfaces in order to enable qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Furthermore, we want to stimulate the development of new kinds of interfaces that address the current and emerging needs of the Semantic Web.
This documents defines Linked Data Fragments, and specifies what clients and servers of Linked Data Fragments are. It does not redefine existing interfaces or introduce new ones. Instead, it explains how these interfaces can be seen from the Linked Data Fragments perspective.
If you want to analyze existing Linked Data interfaces or define new interfaces, we encourage you to read this document. If instead you want to implement one of the discussed interfaces, the individual specifications (which are linked from this document) will serve you better.
We write triples in this document in the Turtle RDF syntax [[!TURTLE]] using the following namespace prefixes:
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
PREFIX dbpedia-owl: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
Any piece of data always occurs in a certain context; it never stands on its own. Unsurprisingly, this also applies to data structured as RDF triples [[!RDF11-CONCEPTS]]. In order to refer to collections of RDF triples, we introduce the following definition, derived from the VoID Vocabulary [[VOID]]:
A Linked Data dataset is a collection of RDF triples that are published, maintained or aggregated by a single provider.
Often, we are interested in specific parts of a dataset. Such parts can be a few or several triples in size, ranging from an empty part to the whole dataset. To be able to define what a specific part looks like, we introduce the following concept.
A selector is a boolean function that decides whether or not a certain triple (or graph of triples) belongs to a part of a dataset.
Some selectors are more closely related than others. For instance, a group of selectors might have a similar structure or computational complexity. The following definition allows us to talk about them collectively.
A selector type is a class of selectors with similar structural characteristics.
Apart from the triples that describe data in a (part of a) dataset, some triples capture data about it. They do not belong to the dataset as such, but they can nonetheless be helpful to understand properties of this dataset.
Metadata of a dataset, or a part thereof, consists of RDF triples that describe data about that dataset or part, but that do not belong to the dataset itself.
Pieces of data and information on the Web can be connected to each other. This is because the Web is filled with hypermedia controls: most HTML pages contain several hyperlinks, some pages also contain forms with text fields and buttons. HTML is not the only format with hypermedia support; specific RDF vocabularies can be used to express hypermedia controls as well. Regardless of format, what all hypermedia controls on the Web have in common is that they somehow lead to an URL a client can visit. The following definition generalizes this notion.
A hypermedia control is a function that generates an IRI [[!RFC3987]] based on zero or more arguments. In particular, a hyperlink is a zero-argument function (i.e., an IRI), and a hypermedia form is a multi-argument function.
The read aspect of each interface to Linked Data is characterized by its possible set of responses. We therefore introduce a concept to capture such responses.
A Linked Data Fragment of a Linked Data dataset is a set of RDF triples that consists of three parts:
The selector, elements of the metadata set, and elements of the control sets are specific to each Linked Data Fragment. Each of the three parts is allowed to be empty. Any (proper or improper) subset of a Linked Data dataset, regardless of how this subset was created, is by thus definition a Linked Data Fragment.
In the general definition of a Linked Data Fragment, there are no restrictions on what selectors should look like. They could be triple patterns, basic graph patterns, SPARQL queries, or even natural language queries. Like selectors, Linked Data Fragments can be organized in types.
A Linked Data Fragment type is a class of Linked Data Fragments with the same selector type and metadata and control sets with similar characteristics.
We can analyze existing and new Linked Data interfaces by characterizing their responses as a specific Linked Data Fragment type.
Linked Data Fragment types of existing interfaces are listed in the next section.
The data part of some Linked Data Fragments can become quite large. For instance, the fragment that contains all triples of a dataset can contain millions of triples. To make such large fragments more manageable, their data can be split across multiple pages.
A Linked Data Fragments page contains a subset of all data triples of a Linked Data Fragment, together with all of its metadata and control triples.
Conceptually speaking, each fragment remains one whole, but its data can be retrieved through several requests. This additionally allows to retrieve the metadata and control set without having to download a disproportionally large part of the dataset. Not all fragments support paging.
A Linked Data Fragments server is a server that offers all possible Linked Data Fragments of one or more specific Linked Data Fragment types of one or more datasets. It MUST support at least one RDF-based representation for each fragment.
Servers can choose what types of Linked Data Fragments they offer, whether or not they support paging, and what representations they provide.
A Linked Data Fragments client is a client that can access Linked Data Fragments of at least one specific Linked Data Fragments type. It MUST be able to consume at least one RDF-based representation of the fragments it supports.
Since the goal of Linked Data Fragments is to provide a uniform view on Linked Data interfaces on the Web, this section describes how existing types of Linked Data interfaces fit into the Linked Data Fragments definition. Basically, each interface offers Linked Data Fragments of a specific type, which is thus characterized by its data selector, metadata set, and control set.
A data dump of a dataset is an instance of a Linked Data Fragment type with the following characteristics:
f(t) = true
for all triples t
.
In other words,
a data dump is an RDF representation
of all triples of its dataset.
Many publishers of Linked Data offer such downloadable data dumps of their datasets. They can be used to set up a local triple store, but are not fit for live querying because of their typically large file size.
A Linked Data document of a dataset is an instance of a Linked Data Fragment type with the following characteristics:
{ <s> ?p ?o. }
and possibly triples matching { ?o ?p <s>. }
,
with <s>
the chosen entity argument.
Linked Data documents can be used to browse a dataset, or to execute queries using link-traversal-based query execution.
A SPARQL query result of a dataset is an instance of a Linked Data Fragment type with the following characteristics:
CONSTRUCT
query;
the data consists of those triples that result from executing this query.
SPARQL results allow to extract very specific fragments of a dataset.
The fact that a SPARQL query result is a Linked Data Fragment means that each SPARQL endpoint is, by definition, a Linked Data Fragments server.
Only results of CONSTRUCT
(and thus not SELECT
or ASK
) SPARQL queries
are considered Linked Data Fragments.
This is because only the execution of CONSTRUCT
queries
results in data triples.
However, the CONSTRUCT
query can contain SELECT
subqueries.
A triple pattern fragment (also known as basic Linked Data Fragment) is an instance of a Linked Data Fragment type with the following characteristics:
{ ?s ?p ?o. }
,
in which each of the three components can be variable or constant.
The data consists of those triples that match the triple pattern.
Triple pattern fragments can be used to browse a dataset with more flexibility than Linked Data documents, because they can also select based on predicates and objects (instead of only subjects).
Triple pattern fragments are described in detail in a separate document.


| DOSE: |
10 g |
oral |
Nutmeg |
(ground / crushed) |
I was browsing the internet and I found some pages on Nutmeg. Could it really get you high? It seemed really strange but I decided that I one day would try it out.
Not having done any drugs except for alcohol and a quite intimidating closeness to a number of inhalants, I had no idea what to expect from the nutmeg, except from what I'd read. I had been talking about doing this for 6 months, so my expectations were really high. Planned to eat the stuff at 15.00 to match it with dinner later that night (eating with my dad, I didn't wanna be stoned and trippy when conversating with him).
15.00
T+0h
Grinded the nutmeg with a fine grater. Two dried up nuts ended up in about 2 tablespoons. I came to the conclusion that the WEIGHT of the stuff is more important than the volume. The nuts had weighed about 10 g in nut form and it was pretty similar after they were ground. This could be because they were old. It might be different with new nuts.
Took about 10 minutes to grind them, I was left with two small parts that I couldn't grind because I'd rip my fingertips if I tried. Started ingesting the powder. Used a technique where I put some of it on a small spoon, threw it into my mouth, on the tongue, drank a big gulp of water and just tilted the head back to get it down. The texture reminded me of eating some kind of tree. And the taste. It doesn't kill you, but I'm not very eager to put nutmeg in my recipes in a near future.
I immediately started getting nutmeg burps and if I got the taste in my mouth, I'd just kill it off with some orange juice. I think sour things are good to neutralize the bitterness of the nuts. Planned on drinking a big glass of water (4 dl) at least once an hour during the whole trip since I'd read alot about the redeyes and cottonmouth (and the hangover!) I'd started drinking large amounts of water when I woke up that morning, to get a head start.
15.30
T+30min
Nothing (of course) but nutmeg burps. Although, I felt a slight lightheadedness, but I 100% give my expectations the blame. Not that it was a placebo effect, but rather high expectations of what could be a wonderful night.
16.30
T+1h 30min
Something IS different. Don't know what though. Reading a magazine and listening to some music. When I got up to get some water, I suddenly felt some kind of lightheadedness. Is this placebo? It couldn't be kicking in already, could it? A slight stomachache and mild headache. Should be cured by the water.
17.30
T+2h 30min
Settled down and realized the lightheadedness must've been caused by something else. Right now I feel as if nothing is going to happen. Thoughts of eating more or perhaps trying something else runs through my head. Just started to feel some light cottonmouth. Downed another glass of water. The headache is not going away.
18.00
T+3h
Nausea. Is that lightheadedness I feel? Again?
19.00
T+4h
I had really counted on the buzz coming at this point, but still all I feel is a slight lightheadedness. Close to how I am after a few beers.  He's still not done with the dinner so perhaps this is the best thing that could happen. Really hope it'll come on harder soon. Still, I feel it rising.
20.00
T+5h
The good things have started. Mild closed-eye visuals. Was listening to pretty tripped out music (Mikael Ramel) and when I closed my eyes, I saw memories from all my life coming back to me. I could control them pretty easily. If one sound or note in the music reminded me of something I had experienced, I'd immediately see the picture memory I've got from that moment. The interesting thing though, was that, sometimes when I remember something this way, the picture would surround me. I'd be there, in 3D. This time it was like watching super-8 movies.  Later, a drum solo became a doll that danced perfectly to the groove.
Had dinner, and got quite a severe stomachache. This could be for other reasons though. Just experiencing some shakings from coldness. My fingers especially have grown cold suddenly. Hmm? I've started saying more and more stupid things to mom and dad (stupid, like trying to act normally when you're drunk) and I'm getting harder to form sentences and keep talking without forgetting what I wanna say. Also, I can
listen to people for a long while and suddenly realize that my mind is somewhere else and I have no idea what they've talked about.
Going over to a friend's now. Therefore, all below times are approximate.
20.30
T+5h 30min
Trying to tell my friend something concerning a DVD or something like that, and for some reason, I CAN'T stop laughing! I was laughing so much that I started getting tears in my eyes. I really tried to fight it, because I saw a strange look in my pal's eyes. I didn't want alot of questions and having to tell them my high came from a NUT!
Was able to calm down but I felt as if I was a real bad conversator, although I was very open and social. Started drinking LOTS of water. Approx. 2 liters from 20.30 to 22.00. Started to get a severe cottonmouth.
21.00
T+6h
I suddenly realize that I've thought of something completely else than the current conversation in the room. As if I was ripped out of some kind of dream and back into reality. Cottonmouth worse.
22.00
T+7h
Now I was really sure.  This dose was pretty close to perfect for me (definitely perfect for the beginner). A stomachache came on quite hard though. I wouldn't blame only nutmeg, since I'm a lactose intolerant and have
stomachaches on a regular basis. A wonderful tingling in my muscles and bones. Still growing. Cut down on the water. Perhaps 1 liter during the next two hours. Cottonmouth worse than ever. First observation of something red in my eyes.
23.00
T+8h
Realizes I've passed the first part of the trip, where I was very social and energetic. I think I almost started irritating my mates by the constant talking about nothing. Now I started to land on some sort of high plateau of comfortness. The plane softly touching the ground, and the captain telling me 'You may stay here for a
long while'.
24.00
T+9
Now I'm in a very nice place. The nutmeg sends kicks of wellbeing through my nerves. Fills me with great joy. Sounds starting to act weird, like they're cubic or metallic. I've experienced this every time I've done butane and nitrous, and this is much milder. I love it anyway, since it makes music sound very exciting.
01.00
T+10h
Starting to feel a bit tired. Head home from the friends. This is where the times are more accurate again.
01.30
T+10h 30min
Getting enormous injections of wellbeing from, what it seems, my own muscles. It's like pulses of bright light flowing though my nervous system, filling me up with some beautiful feeling. Sounds start turning slightly inside out. Some sound hallucinations from outside my headphones. Numbness in the whole body, especially the face. Very pleasant. Getting hungry.
01.45
T+10h 45min
Perhaps peanutbutter on your sandwich and cottonmouth isn't the best combinations. Stomachache is very severe when standing up. Sitting is also combined with pain. Lying down seems to be the best solution. It somehow feels as if every single impression, every little movement in your nervous system leaves a beautiful white
fog after it, like the stunt airpilots leave. If I encourage these mild visuals, they start showing with open eyes, so that they show more of the stuff I wanna see. Starting to feel that every sense is connected to the others in an amazing way. The music intertwines with the visuals, the sensation in my whole body fluctuates perfectly with everything else.
02.00
T+11h
Going to bedroom to listen to music and meditate as long as I can keep awake. I know I'll leave this place when I wake up tomorrow, so I wanna enjoy it as long as I can. Cottonmouth easing down, drinking much less water.
02.20
T+11h 20min
Falls asleep.
10.30
T+19h 30min
Wakes up several times during the night from extreme dry mouth. Eventually wakes up for good at 10.30. Feels as if only 50% of my brain works. Cottonmouth is still there but I seem to have white eyes. Never experienced any red eyes during the whole trip. Must've been the water. Eats some and stomachache returns.
12.00
T+21h
Feels like when an alcohol hangover turns into a mellow day. I CAN do stuff if I want to, but I rather don't. Stomachache and headache gone. The only thing that keeps bugging me is this goddam cottonmouth!
17.00
T+26h
Still feeling that horrible cottonmouth, otherwise I'm pretty close to normal.
02.00
T+36h
Still experiencing some cottonouth, otherwise, I'm back on my normal level.
I seemed to hit just below my perfect dosage on the first try. The next time I'll increase it to say 14-15 grams to explore the trip. My evening was filled with social life and moviewatching, so I could never really sit down and explore my own head and all the things going on inside of it. I wish I'd spent more time doing that, since I found all the effects of the nutmeg pleasurable and, even better, easily controlled. I never felt scared or even unpleasant, but if I would've, I think I quite easily had been able to change that. The mild visuals that grew stronger as the evening passed were probably the most enjoyable thing, together with the sense of well-being that washed over me.
I drank enormous amounts of water. My throat was actually irritated from having to wash down that much. The fact that I drank all the time and also (naturally) had to get the water out again was irritating. I couldn't really relax when I kept thinking about drinking and having to go fill up the glass. Although, when the cottonmouth was at it's strongest, I couldn't got 30 secs without having a sip, so there wasn't much choice. Also, my stomachaches kept reminding me of the normal world, something that made it harder to really relax. I'm happy the cottonmouth and the stomachache were the only side effect I ever experienced. It's also the only thing speaking against ever doing nutmeg again. But I found it so pleasurable I'll most definitely go buy fresh nuts from the store and increase the dosage sligthly.
Hope this guide and the tips I tried to include will help you
Happy Tripping
/M
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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My name is Bill Barekas, I am an experienced software engineer. I live in Patras, Greece. This site is my little space on web to write anything I want to write. I use Github Pages to host this and Jekyll to edit my blog. I have big plans for this site but not much time to do them. My little son get all my free time when I am at home.
One of the things I want to do is to maintain a personal blog, writing about my activities mainly the non-computerized ones. I like to share experiences from things I do, places I visit and some usual useless information that might be interesting for someone.


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Class WidgetCreationResponse
Class WidgetCreationResponse
- Echosign\Responses\WidgetCreationResponse implements Echosign\Interfaces\ApiResponse
Namespace: Echosign\Responses
Package: Echosign\Responses
Located at Responses/WidgetCreationResponse.php
Package: Echosign\Responses
Located at Responses/WidgetCreationResponse.php
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I am originally from Corpus Christi, Texas. At the age of 18 I enlisted into the Army and was stationed here in the PNW. After 10 years of service I decided to stay in Washington because I enjoy the outdoors and the weather. Since leaving the military I went right into the civilian workforce. For the past three years I have worked mainly in Marketing, Social Media, and Design.
My education consists of the School of Hard Knocks aka The Army and some college courses at Pierce College in Lakewood, WA. My goals are to complete all code courses at Code Fellows and earn my way to becoming a web developer in the tech industry. Below is a list of some biography elements mentioned above.


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Pretty as a Picture: The Art of David Lynch
Produced and Directed by Tony Shallon
As Reviewed by James Brundage
Although this is not the first documentary I have watched, it would have to be the first one I have reviewed. Sure, every once in a while I see some PBS special or HBO documentary that I find fascination. For instance, I recommend PBS' `From Jesus to Christ', a fascinating 13 part compilation of interviews with theological experts that will turn on the brain of any student of religious history. I would also sometimes check out and HBO's occasionally good, occasionally thrill-of-the-week `America Undercover' series. However, for the most part I avoid seeing any film that will seriously educate me.
However, I was at a college campus recently, was bored, and someone directed me to the library where they have a good collection of videos. I went looking for Lynch's Eraserhead, his only feature-length American film that I have yet to see. Instead I saw the documentary Pretty as a Picture: The Art of David Lynch, which was advertised on the Lost Highway videocassette.
Documentaries are just like any other type of film: done well, they are compelling, intriguing works.  Shallon's documentary was an interesting piece, one that I didn't sleep through, didn't have any trouble watching, and found very interesting besides.
To think of it best, imagine looking at yourself in a funhouse mirror. That is what watching David Lynch is like. Now imagine looking at the same pictures through a lens that clears things up a little bit. That is what watching this documentary is like. For anyone who doesn't understand Lynch films (most of the general population) and would like to, I recommend checking out this film.
The first thing you will notice as the curtain falls away is the Lynch is not at all the person whom you would expect.  The thing that will strike you about David Lynch is that, in contrast to his truly insane and ambiguous films, he is a very direct, grounded person.
Pretty As a Picture takes us through the making of his latest film Lost Highway, an extremely ambiguous film that I have watched about six times and still don't have a damn clue as to what is going on. Using this as a base, it travels back to his experiences that led him to a career in art, provides us a window into his surprisingly normal family (although you get about the weirdest treatment for ants in the kitchen you'll ever hear), and shows us his humanity in ways we never though possible.
It takes us onto the set of Lost Highway, shows us the fanatical devotion cast and crew have for the incredibly amicable and charismatic individual. Rarely do you have an entire cast that works with no one else, even rarer is the crew that does so. However, with David Lynch you have actors such as Kyle MacLachlan who never did anything without Lynch until 1987, and producers such as Mary Sweeny, who have been with David Lynch since 1986.
With such segments of the film as showing us scenes from Lynch's first three shorts (Six Men Getting Sick, The Alphabet, The Grandmother) and a part devoted entirely to Lynch's paintings and photography (which, I daresay, is even more impressive than the incredible visual aspects to his films), the skilled director displays for us a much more in depth version of Lynch than one will ever be able to glean from his films.
Much as, when someone watches the first good film, no one needs to tell them its good, no one needs to tell me that Pretty as a Picture is good. I simply know.
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I'm an aspiring web developer with a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science degree from University of Wisconsin Madison. I enjoy running, playing video games, and skiing in my free time. I have one cat named "Emmy," and she has an insatiable need for attention!
In November of 2018 I had the opportunity to invest in and help open a Sushi Omakase restaurant in the SoHo neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was just me and the chef working there for the first three months. It was a lot of work, but we established it to a point that we could hire staff to operate the restaurant for us! Now I help out behind the scenes by maintaining our website.
I hope to be able to apply the skills I gained from my university degree and bootcamp certification to kick off my web dev career. Plus, it'd be real nice to get a desk job after all that standing on the stone floor of the restaurant. The plantar's foot is REAL


WITNESS LIST Elections Committee May 9, 2001-12:00A SB 1309 For: Carr, Cathie (Self and Escapees RV Club) Carr, Robert (Self and Escapees Inc) Winn, Gerald "Buddy" (Self and Bill Shanklin, Voter Registrar-Tax Collector) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Sanchez, Joe (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF)) SB 1311 For: Carr, Cathie (Self and Escapees RV Club) Carr, Robert (Self and Escapees Inc.) Winn, Gerald "Buddy" (Self and Bill Shanklin, Tax Collector Angelina County) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Sanchez, Joe (Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF))


General
How to open the main menu
The main menu gives you access to the following items:
There are two ways to open the main menu:
- Click Settings in the left panel and select TweetDuck, or...
- Right-click anywhere and you will either see the listed options, or a TweetDuck entry that contains these options
How to customize the theme and layout
- Click Settings in the left panel
- Continue to Edit layout & design
- Now you can customize many aspects of the website; note that unlike the default TweetDeck settings, the column width and font size can be configured here in much greater detail
This is done using an official plugin called Edit layout & design, which is enabled by default. If the plugin is disabled, you can still access the default TweetDeck settings:
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- Here you can customize the theme, column width, and font size
How to add emoji to tweets
When writing a new tweet, click the heart icon to open an emoji picker. If you're writing a reply, click the Popout icon to bring the reply into the New Tweet panel.
Then you can immediately type into the Search field, which accepts keywords separated by space. Pressing Enter in the search field (when not empty) will insert the first result into your tweet. Pressing Escape closes the emoji picker.
You can also use your mouse to change the skin tone, scroll through the emoji, and click on the emoji to insert them.
Typing :emoji_name: in the New Tweet panel will automatically search for an emoji using those keywords. If a single emoji is found, it will be inserted into the tweet (press Backspace or Escape to revert it). If multiple emojis are found, it will open the emoji picker where you can refine the search, or press Escape to go back.
Emoji are provided by an official plugin called Emoji keyboard, which is enabled by default. The heart icon will not show if the plugin is disabled.
How to use tweet templates
To create a simple template to use when writing a new tweet or reply:
- Click Manage templates in the New Tweet panel; if you're writing a reply, click the Popout icon first to bring the reply into the large panel
- Click New template on the bottom right
- Fill in the template name and contents
- Click Confirm to create the template
After you create a template, it will be added to the list. There are two icons next to each entry:
- Click the pencil icon to edit the template
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To use the template, click the template name to replace your current tweet text with the template, or click while holding Shift to append the template to your tweet instead. You can use the Shift+click functionality to quickly chain multiple templates.
When writing a template, you can use special tokens listed in the Advanced section. Here is an example of one of the tokens:
How to upload images from clipboard
When writing a tweet/reply, press Ctrl+V to upload an image from clipboard. You can use this to quickly paste a selection from an image editor such as Paint, or after copying an image in your browser.
Make sure you're in the tweet input field before you press Ctrl+V, otherwise the keyboard shortcut won't trigger.
Note that this will only work when your clipboard contains the image itself; it will not work if you copy a file or URL.


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Imo begins training for civil servants
by Chidiebube OkeomaChidiebube Okeoma
The Imo State Government has commenced the training of civil servants on public procurement processes.
The Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Public Enlightenments, Mr Eze Ugochukwu, said the programme was to enhance the civil servants’ capacity on international best practices in public procurement processes.
He said Governor Emeka Ihedioha was committed to the training and retraining of civil servants.
Ugochukwu said, “The government of Imo State, through the Bureau of Public Procurement and Price Intelligence, has commenced a series of first level procurement training for public officers involved in the public procurement processes.
“The training will cut across all state Ministries, Departments and Agencies. The training programme was flagged off by the Secretary to the State Government of Imo State, Uche Onyeagocha, with the Head of Service in attendance.
“The first group of officers, on grade levels 10 to 15, were selected from the Ministries of Works, Housing, Public Utilities, Environment, and their parastatals/agencies.
“The next training is for officers in the Ministries of Transport, Justice, Commerce, and Industry, Gender and Vulnerable Groups Affairs and their agencies and parastatals.
“The training is in keeping with the assurances made by His Excellency, Emeka Ihedioha to re-tool and enhance the productive capacity of civil servants in the state to meet global standards,” he said.
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{% assign country = site.countries | where: "title", post.country | first %}
{% for item in site.data.indian-language.language %}
{% endfor %}


Researcher & Designer, with support from Nikk Bonneau, Moises Melano, Doireann Renzi • January 2020 - January 2022
Key Skills: Information Architecture • User Interviews • Figma • User Testing • Drupal Website Editing
Creating and distributing teaching materials to the faculty of the Smith School is a core function of the Office of Transformational Learning (OTL). This website was created to be an organized repository of resources and policies for faculty and staff to access in an "as-need" basis.
We iterated on sketches and digital designs over the course of this project to develop the best product


I am a computer science student from the Central Valley of California currently attending California State University, Fresno. I am pursuing my Bachelor's degree in computer science and hope to work as a Data Scientist once I graduate. In my free time I enjoy spending time with my dogs Suki (right) and Sophie (left), building computers, and riding my motorcycle (particularly around the mountains near Lake Kaweah). I also enjoy playing video games on occasion, my favorite of which is the Borderlands series.
My first adventure into programming was at the age of 13. I was really into modded Minecraft and one mod in particular, ComputerCraft, was very interesting to me. The mod allowed the use of the Lua programming language to control robots that could interact with the world around them. Through ComputerCraft I learned the basic fundamentals of programming including functional programming, object-oriented programming, and basic abstraction. From here I began to look into other programming languages, primarily C++ and eventually Python. This early interest led me to pursuing a career in computer science.


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template<typename T>
class drake::multibody::benchmarks::Acrobot< T >
The Acrobot - a canonical underactuated system as described in Chapter 3 of Underactuated Robotics.
This system essentially is a double pendulum consisting of two links. Link 1 is connected to the world by a "shoulder" revolute joint parameterized by angle theta1 and Link 2 is connected to Link 1 by an "elbow" revolute joint parameterized by angle theta2.
- Template Parameters
-
|
| | Acrobot (const Vector3< T > &normal, const Vector3< T > &up, double m1=1.0, double m2=1.0, double l1=1.0, double l2=1.0, double lc1=0.5, double lc2=0.5, double Ic1=.083, double Ic2=.33, double b1=0.1, double b2=0.1, double g=9.81) |
| | Creates an acrobot model in a plane passing through the world's origin and normal to normal . More...
|
| |
| Matrix2< T > | CalcMassMatrix (const T &theta2) const |
| | Computes the mass matrix H(q) for the double pendulum system. More...
|
| |
| Vector2< T > | CalcCoriolisVector (const T &theta1, const T &theta2, const T &theta1dot, const T &theta2dot) const |
| | Computes the bias term C(q, v) * v containing Coriolis and gyroscopic effects as a function of the state of the pendulum. More...
|
| |
| Vector2< T > | CalcGravityVector (const T &theta1, const T &theta2) const |
| | Computes the effective joint-space torques induced by gravity tau_g(q) containing the effect of gravity as a function of the configuration of the pendulum. More...
|
| |
| math::RigidTransform< T > | CalcLink1PoseInWorldFrame (const T &theta1) const |
| | Computes the pose of the center of mass of link 1 measured and expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| math::RigidTransform< T > | CalcLink2PoseInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta2) const |
| | Computes the pose of the center of mass of link 2 measured and expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| math::RigidTransform< T > | CalcElbowOutboardFramePoseInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta2) const |
| | Computes the pose of the elbow outboard frame Eo in the world frame W. More...
|
| |
| Vector6< T > | CalcLink1SpatialVelocityInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta1dot) const |
| | Computes the spatial velocity of the center of mass of link 1 expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| Vector6< T > | CalcLink2SpatialVelocityInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta2, const T &theta1dot, const T &theta2dot) const |
| | Computes the spatial velocity of the center of mass of link 2 expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| Vector6< T > | CalcLink1SpatialAccelerationInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta1dot, const T &theta1dotdot) const |
| | Computes the spatial acceleration of the center of mass of link 1 expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| Vector6< T > | CalcLink2SpatialAccelerationInWorldFrame (const T &theta1, const T &theta2, const T &theta1dot, const T &theta2dot, const T &theta1dotdot, const T &theta2dotdot) const |
| | Computes the spatial acceleration of the center of mass of link 2 expressed in the world frame. More...
|
| |
| T | CalcPotentialEnergy (const T &theta1, const T &theta2) const |
| | Computes the total potential energy due to gravity of the acrobot system for the state given by angles theta1 and theta2 . More...
|
| |
| Acrobot |
( |
const Vector3< T > & |
normal, |
|
|
const Vector3< T > & |
up, |
|
|
double |
m1 = 1.0 , |
|
|
double |
m2 = 1.0 , |
|
|
double |
l1 = 1.0 , |
|
|
double |
l2 = 1.0 , |
|
|
double |
lc1 = 0.5 , |
|
|
double |
lc2 = 0.5 , |
|
|
double |
Ic1 = .083 , |
|
|
double |
Ic2 = .33 , |
|
|
double |
b1 = 0.1 , |
|
|
double |
b2 = 0.1 , |
|
|
double |
g = 9.81 |
|
) |
| |
Creates an acrobot model in a plane passing through the world's origin and normal to normal
.
Vector up
defines the upwards direction on this plane. Both normal
and up
are expressed in the world's frame. Essentially the two dimensional equations of the acrobot are described in a model frame D within a x-y plane with y the vertical direction and gravity pointing downwards. Therefore the axes defining the model frame D are:
z_W = normal_W.normalized()
y_W = (up - up.dot(z_W) * z_W).normalized()
x_W = y_W.cross(z_W)
The remaining arguments define the properties of the double pendulum system:
- m1: mass of the first link.
- m2: mass of the second link.
- l1: length of the first link.
- l2: length of the second link.
- lc1: length from the shoulder to the center of mass of the first link.
- lc2: length from the elbow to the center of mass of the second link.
- Ic1: moment of inertia about the center of mass for the first link.
- Ic2: moment of inertia about the center of mass for the second link.
- b1: damping coefficient of the shoulder joint.
- b2: damping coefficient of the elbow joint.
- g: acceleration of gavity.


'Skies clear, no need to reimplement odd-even scheme,' says Delhi CM Kejriwal
Kejriwal also replied to Ram Vilas Paswan on the recent study of low quality drinking water.
by PTI/ANINew Delhi: Delhi chief minister (CM) Arvind Kejriwal on Monday said that there is currently no need to reimplement odd-even scheme in the pollution-hit city.
''The sky is clear now, so there is no need of it,'' Kejriwal said.
In an attempt to reduce traffic congestion and tackle pollution, the odd-even scheme was enforced in the national capital from November 4 to 15.
The traffic rationing scheme prohibited plying of private vehicles based on the last digit of their registration numbers.
Vehicles with even digits were only allowed to ply on even dates, and those with odd numbers on odd dates.
Commenting on the bad quality of tap water in the city, Kejriwal said, "Any city's water quality cannot be judged on basis of 11 samples."
Replying to Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Ram Vilas Paswan, who on Sunday had said that tap water in Delhi is not safe for drinking, Kejriwal said, "Moreover, Ram Vilas Paswan ji isn't disclosing where were samples taken from. I'll take 5 samples from each ward of Delhi, get it checked and put data in public."
A study by the Union Consumer Affairs Ministry found that the samples collected from Mumbai are compliant with the Indian standards for drinking water.
However, other metro cities -- Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai, failed in almost 10 out of 11 quality parameters tested by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) which is under the aegis of the Consumer Affairs Ministry.
''In the first phase, the BIS had found all the 11 samples drawn from Delhi did not comply with the quality norm and the piped water was not safe for drinking purpose,'' Paswan had said.
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