Dua Lipa Flaunts Toned Bod In Crop Top & Poses In A Green Glow
November 17, 2019
Dua Lipa Flaunts Toned Bod In Crop Top & Poses In A Green Glow
Dua Lipa shared a new Instagram update yesterday, and her outfit gave her a chance to show off her toned midriff. The singer was seen posing outdoors in an almost surreal environment, as everything was bathed in a bright green glow. Dua’s top was a tan, long-sleeved crop top, which had a basic crew neckline. She paired this with dark, baggy bottoms. The singer also pulled her blond hair back in a high ponytail, which she secured with a black scrunchie. She left a few strands of hair to frame her face.
The first photo of the set showed her standing with her left shoulder facing the camera. She held a green lollipop with her right hand, while her left hand was jammed into her pocket. Dua sported heavy eye makeup, which included dark purple on her lower and upper lids. This was accented by light eyeshadow below her eyebrows. She smiled with her lips slightly parted.
The second photo showed Dua with the lollipop in her right hand, as she placed it by her mouth. This time, the candy appeared bright yellow.
The “Don’t Stop Me Now” singer stood in what appeared to be a park with a checkered sidewalk. Behind her, there were spotlights on the ground that glowed green.
The geotag revealed that she was in Mumbai, which is the capital of Maharashtra.
Dedicated fans likely already knew that Dua was in India, as she’s been sharing the news on her feed. It’s been a busy time for her, as today, she performed at the OnePlus Music Festival at DY Patil Stadium. The show also included a performance by Katy Perry.
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Even with the busy schedule, it looks like the singer is taking the time to enjoy the local sights.
Those who are hoping to catch Dua live will need to wait a bit longer. So far, she hasn’t announced any tour dates in the United States for the near future.
In related news, Dua recently showed off her toned abs during a London promo.  The top was fuzzy with lettering on the front left. The singer completed the look with a pair of denim, which she secured with a black belt. She sported dark sunglasses, slicked her hair back, and held a green handbag.


---
description: This Container profile specification presents a representation of a Container
such as Docker or Singularity that is used in scientific compute.
edit_url: https://github.com/openschemas/specifications/blob/master/_specifications/ContainerImage.html
gh_folder: https://github.com/openschemas/specifications/tree/master/_specifications
gh_tasks: https://github.com/openschemas/specifications/labels/type%3A%20ContainerImage
hierarchy:
- Thing
mapping:
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: An alias for the item.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Recommended
parent: Thing
property: alternateName
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: This OPTIONAL property contains arbitrary metadata for the image
manifest. This OPTIONAL property MUST use the annotation rules.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This OPTIONAL property contains arbitrary metadata for the image manifest.
This OPTIONAL property MUST use the annotation rules.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: annotations
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Type of software e.g. database, tool, service. **Note:** Bioschemas
have removed [URL](http://schema.org/URL) from the Expected Types.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: Please indicate the container technology in all lowercase
description: Type of software application, e.g. 'Game, Multimedia'.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Container"], "applicationCategory":
"singularity" }'
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: applicationCategory
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Publication about this software.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: A citation or reference to another creative work, such as another publication,
web page, scholarly article, etc.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "citation": "https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"
}'
expected_types:
- CreativeWork
- Text
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: citation
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This REQUIRED property references a configuration object for a container,
by digest.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: config
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This descriptor property has additional restrictions for config.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: configMediaType
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: The date on which the CreativeWork was created or the item was added
to a DataFeed.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "dateCreated": "2108-06-13"
}'
expected_types:
- Date
- DateTime
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: dateCreated
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: The date on which the CreativeWork was most recently modified or when
the item's entry was modified within a DataFeed.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "dateModified": "2108-08-07"
}'
expected_types:
- Date
- DateTime
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: dateModified
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: a linux container
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: A description of the item.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Minimum
parent: Thing
property: description
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: If the file can be downloaded, URL to download the binary. For containers
without an exposed wget url or similar, this can be the pull command.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "downloadURL": "https://github.com/sacdallago/cellmap"
}'
expected_types:
- URL
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: downloadUrl
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Please choose values from [EDAM:Operation](http://edamontology.org/operation_0004).
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: '[EDAM:Operation](http://edamontology.org/operation_0004)'
description: Features or modules provided by this application (and possibly required
by other applications).
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "featureList": ["http://edamontology.org/topic_0821",
"http://edamontology.org/topic_0128"] }'
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Minimum
parent: ContainerImage
property: featureList
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Used to describe tools included into suites/bundles/workflows.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: 'Indicates a CreativeWork that is (in some sense) a part of this CreativeWork.
Inverse property: isPartOf.'
example: ''
expected_types:
- CreativeWork
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: hasPart
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Unique identifier for the container, typically corresponding to
a uri to designate a registry source
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind
of Thing, such as ISBNs,
GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing
many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background
notes for more details.
example: /:@
expected_types:
- PropertyValue
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: Thing
property: identifier
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: The media type of the container image
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/media-types.md
description: The media type of the container image
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: ImageMediaType
type: external
type_url: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/media-types.md
- bsc_description: The input format of the data. Must be one of the [EDAM:Data](http://edamontology.org/data_0006)
concept labels or one of its synonyms.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: '[EDAM:Data](http://edamontology.org/data_0006)'
description: 'The input format of the data.'
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "input": ["http://edamontology.org/data_2977",
"http://edamontology.org/data_2976"] }'
expected_types:
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: input
type: external
type_url: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000230
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: '[EDAM:Topic](http://edamontology.org/topic_0003)'
description: Keywords or tags used to describe this content. Multiple entries in
a keywords list are typically delimited by commas.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "ketwords": "Biology, chemistry,
medicine" }'
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: keywords
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Each item in the array MUST be a descriptor. The array MUST have
the base layer at index 0. Subsequent layers MUST then follow in stack order (i.e.
from layers[0] to layers[len(layers)-1]). The final filesystem layout MUST match
the result of applying the layers to an empty directory. The ownership, mode,
and other attributes of the initial empty directory are unspecified.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: Each item in the array MUST be a descriptor. The array MUST have the
base layer at index 0. Subsequent layers MUST then follow in stack order (i.e.
from layers[0] to layers[len(layers)-1]). The final filesystem layout MUST match
the result of applying the layers to an empty directory. The ownership, mode,
and other attributes of the initial empty directory are unspecified.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: layers
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: This descriptor property has additional restrictions for layers[].
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This descriptor property has additional restrictions for layers[].
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: layersMediaType
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: The applicable software license. **Note:** Bioschemas have changed
the Expected Types to [URL](http://schema.org/URL) or [Text](http://schema.org/Text).
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: A license document that applies to this content, typically indicated
by URL.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "license": "https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0"
}'
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: license
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: This property is reserved for use, to maintain compatibility. When
used, this field contains the media type of this document, which differs from
the descriptor use of mediaType.
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This property is reserved for use, to maintain compatibility. When
used, this field contains the media type of this document, which differs from
the descriptor use of mediaType.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: mediaType
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: The name of the item.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Minimum
parent: Thing
property: name
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: Operating systems on which the container runs, typically Linux
derivatives and (for some containers) Windows.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: Operating systems supported (Windows 7, OSX 10.6, Android 1.6).
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "operatingSystem": ["Windows
7 or above", "Linux/Unix", "Mac/Apple"] }'
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: operatingSystem
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: The output format of the data. Must be one of the [EDAM:Data](http://edamontology.org/data_0006)
concept labels or one of its synonyms.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: '[EDAM:Data](http://edamontology.org/data_0006)'
description: 'The output format of the data.'
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "input": ["http://edamontology.org/data_1383",
"http://edamontology.org/data_1384"] }'
expected_types:
- URL
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: output
type: external
type_url: http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000229
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: The publisher of the creative work.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "publisher": { "@type":
"Organization", "name": "National Center for Biotechnology Information National
Library of Medicine", "alternatName": "NCBI NLM" } }'
expected_types:
- Organization
- Person
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: publisher
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: This REQUIRED property specifies the image manifest schema version.
For this version of the specification, this MUST be 2 to ensure backward compatibility
with older versions of Docker. The value of this field will not change. This field
MAY be removed in a future version of the specification.
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
description: This REQUIRED property specifies the image manifest schema version.
For this version of the specification, this MUST be 2 to ensure backward compatibility
with older versions of Docker. The value of this field will not change. This field
MAY be removed in a future version of the specification.
example: ''
expected_types:
- Number
- Text
marginality: Recommended
parent: ContainerImage
property: schemaVersion
type: ''
type_url: https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/blob/master/manifest.md
- bsc_description: A documentation for the container, typically showing install steps,
usage, and a changelog.
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: Software application help.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "softwareHelp": "https://biotools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/"
}'
expected_types:
- CreativeWork
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: softwareHelp
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: ''
cardinality: MANY
controlled_vocab: ''
description: 'Component dependency requirements for application. This includes runtime
environments and shared libraries that are not included in the application distribution
package, but required to run the application (Examples: DirectX, Java or .NET
runtime). Supersedes requirements.'
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "softwareRequirements":
"JRE 8.0 or above" }'
expected_types:
- Text
- URL
marginality: Optional
parent: ContainerImage
property: softwareRequirements
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: version of the container instance
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: Version of the software instance.
example: '{ "@type": ["SoftwareApplication", "Tool"], "softwareVersion": "1.0.2"
}'
expected_types:
- Text
marginality: Minimum
parent: ContainerImage
property: softwareVersion
type: ''
type_url: ''
- bsc_description: URL of the container, typically associated with a registry that
shows the ContainerRecipe, vulnerability scans, and other metadata. This property
can be used on a page listing many containers to indicate each individual container's
page.
cardinality: ONE
controlled_vocab: ''
description: URL of the item.
example: ''
expected_types:
- URL
marginality: Minimum
parent: Thing
property: url
type: ''
type_url: ''
name: ContainerImage
parent_type: Thing
spec_info:
description: This Container profile specification presents a representation of a
Container such as Docker or Singularity that is used in scientific compute.
full_example: https://www.github.com/openschemas/spec-container
version: 0.0.1
version_date: 20181021T214745
spec_type: Profile
status: revision
subtitle: Bioschemas specification describing a ContainerImage (e.g., Docker, Singularity)
used in Scientific Compute
use_cases_url: https://www.github.com/openschemas/spec-container
version: 0.0.1
---
{% include head.html %}
{% include header.html %}
{% include navbar.html %}
{% include profile_start.html %}
{% include specification_table.html %}


Bibtex → Simple List
Convert your
Bibtex
literature list into a simple list.
open you exported bibtext-file (.bib) with a text editor
copy the text (ctrl+a and ctrl+c)
paste the text (ctrl+v) into the textarea below
press "convert"


Identify user’s transportation modes through observations of the user, or observation of the environment, is a growing topic of research, with many applications in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). Transportation mode detection can provide context information useful to offer appropriate services based on user’s needs and possibilities of interaction.
User transportation mode recognition can be considered as a HAR task (Human Activity Recognition). Its goal is to identify which kind of transportation - walking, driving etc..- a person is using. Transportation mode recognition can provide context information to enhance applications and provide a better user experience, it can be crucial for many different applications, such as device profiling, monitoring road and traffic condition, Healthcare, Traveling support etc..
A sensor measures different physical quantities and provides corresponding raw sensor readings which are a source of information about the user and their environment. Due to advances in sensor technology, sensors are getting more powerful, cheaper and smaller in size. Almost all mobile phones currently include sensors that allow the capture of important context information. For this reason, one of the key sensors employed by context-aware applications is the mobile phone, that has become a central part of users lives.
We collect sensors data from thriteen volunteer subjects, ten male, and three female.
The set of classes we classify is composed by walking, car,
still, train and bus.
In total, our dataset is composed of 226 labeled files (in continuous updating)
representing the same number of activities corresponding to more than 31 hours of data:
26% of data is annoted as walking, 25% as driving a car,
24% as standing still, 20% as being on train,
and 5% as being on bus.
Initial data pre-processing phase: data cleaning operations are performed, such as delete measure from the sensors to exclude, make the values of the sound and speed sensors positive etc...
Furthermore some sensors, like ambiental (sound, light and pressure) and proximity, returns a single data value as the result of sense, this can be directly used in dataset. Instead, all the other return more than one values that are related to the coordinate system used, so their values are strongly related to orientation. For almost all we can use an orientation-independent metric, magnitude.
After the data is cleaned, the dataset is divided into time windows (5 seconds or half second). Once the dataset has been divided into time windows, we extract four feature from any sensors.
We build three different sensors set and for each set, we build four model with four different classification algorithms(Decision Tree, Neural Network, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines) and we got as best accuracy 96%. Then we perform other experimentation such as the class-to-class classification, in which we perform a similar analysis but considering only two classes to discriminate between.


The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculates the Discrete Fourier Transform in O(n log n) time. It is foundational to a wide variety of numerical algorithms and signal processing techniques since it makes working in signals’ “frequency domains” as tractable as working in their spatial or temporal domains.
As part of PyTorch’s goal to support hardware-accelerated deep learning and scientific computing, we have invested in improving our FFT support, and with PyTorch 1.8, we are releasing the torch.fft
module. This module implements the same functions as NumPy’s np.fft
module, but with support for accelerators, like GPUs, and autograd.
Getting started
Getting started with the new torch.fft
module is easy whether you are familiar with NumPy’s np.fft
module or not. While complete documentation for each function in the module can be found here, a breakdown of what it offers is:
fft
, which computes a complex FFT over a single dimension, andifft
, its inverse- the more general
fftn
andifftn
, which support multiple dimensions - The “real” FFT functions,
rfft
,irfft
,rfftn
,irfftn
, designed to work with signals that are real-valued in their time domains - The “Hermitian” FFT functions,
hfft
andihfft
, designed to work with signals that are real-valued in their frequency domains - Helper functions, like
fftfreq
,rfftfreq
,fftshift
,ifftshift
, that make it easier to manipulate signals
We think these functions provide a straightforward interface for FFT functionality, as vetted by the NumPy community, although we are always interested in feedback and suggestions!
To better illustrate how easy it is to move from NumPy’s np.fft
module to PyTorch’s torch.fft
module, let’s look at a NumPy implementation of a simple low-pass filter that removes high-frequency variance from a 2-dimensional image, a form of noise reduction or blurring:
import numpy as np
import numpy.fft as fft
def lowpass_np(input, limit):
pass1 = np.abs(fft.rfftfreq(input.shape[-1])) < limit
pass2 = np.abs(fft.fftfreq(input.shape[-2])) < limit
kernel = np.outer(pass2, pass1)
fft_input = fft.rfft2(input)
return fft.irfft2(fft_input * kernel, s=input.shape[-2:])
Now let’s see the same filter implemented in PyTorch:
import torch
import torch.fft as fft
def lowpass_torch(input, limit):
pass1 = torch.abs(fft.rfftfreq(input.shape[-1])) < limit
pass2 = torch.abs(fft.fftfreq(input.shape[-2])) < limit
kernel = torch.outer(pass2, pass1)
fft_input = fft.rfft2(input)
return fft.irfft2(fft_input * kernel, s=input.shape[-2:])
Not only do current uses of NumPy’s np.fft
module translate directly to torch.fft
, the torch.fft
operations also support tensors on accelerators, like GPUs and autograd. This makes it possible to (among other things) develop new neural network modules using the FFT.
Performance
The torch.fft
module is not only easy to use — it is also fast! PyTorch natively supports Intel’s MKL-FFT library on Intel CPUs, and NVIDIA’s cuFFT library on CUDA devices, and we have carefully optimized how we use those libraries to maximize performance. While your own results will depend on your CPU and CUDA hardware, computing Fast Fourier Transforms on CUDA devices can be many times faster than computing it on the CPU, especially for larger signals.
In the future, we may add support for additional math libraries to support more hardware. See below for where you can request additional hardware support.
Updating from older PyTorch versions
Some PyTorch users might know that older versions of PyTorch also offered FFT functionality with the torch.fft()
function. Unfortunately, this function had to be removed because its name conflicted with the new module’s name, and we think the new functionality is the best way to use the Fast Fourier Transform in PyTorch. In particular, torch.fft()
was developed before PyTorch supported complex tensors, while the torch.fft
module was designed to work with them.
PyTorch also has a “Short Time Fourier Transform”, torch.stft
, and its inverse torch.istft
. These functions are being kept but updated to support complex tensors.
Future
As mentioned, PyTorch 1.8 offers the torch.fft module, which makes it easy to use the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on accelerators and with support for autograd.
While this module has been modeled after NumPy’s np.fft
module so far, we are not stopping there. We are eager to hear from you, our community, on what FFT-related functionality you need, and we encourage you to create posts on our forums at https://discuss.pytorch.org/, or file issues on our Github with your feedback and requests. Early adopters have already started asking about Discrete Cosine Transforms and support for more hardware platforms, for example, and we are investigating those features now.
We look forward to hearing from you and seeing what the community does with PyTorch’s new FFT functionality!


Configure Slots Configure Slots
Slots are where you store login information such as a login URL, username, password, and two-factor. Click here for more information and to see common use examples.
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Set a label on your slot and it will show up above to help you remember. If you are unsure about slot settings, test it out first by browsing to the login page and use a keyboard to login. Learn more about slots . Learn more about slots .
* = device must be in config mode to change
Use the [Keys] tab to load OpenPGP or OpenSSH keys onto your OnlyKey. Keys can be used with OnlyKey Agent and OnlyKey Webcrypt.
Need an OpenPGP key? Follow our guide here for generating an OpenPGP key with Keybase.
Before loading a key, you must first put your OnlyKey into config mode.
To do this
hold down button #6 on your OnlyKey for 5+ seconds and release.
hold down button #1 on your OnlyKey DUO for 10+ seconds and release.
The light will turn off.
If a PIN was previously set, re-enter the PIN to enter config mode.
You will notice the OnlyKey flashes red in config mode.


Files CCore/inc/String.h CCore/src/String.cpp
The class String implements immutable, atomically reference counted string. The implementation of the class is a very simple, because it uses AtomicRefArray. The String is not zero-terminated.
class String
{
AtomicRefArray<char> data;
public:
String() noexcept;
String(NothingType) noexcept;
String(StrLen str);
#ifdef CCORE_UTF8
String(PtrLen<const Char> str);
#endif
String(DoBuildType,BuilderType<char> builder) : data(DoBuild,builder) {}
~String() {}
// methods
bool isEmpty() const;
bool notEmpty() const;
PtrLen<char> modify();
// range access
const char * getPtr() const;
const char * getPtr_const() const;
ulen getLen() const;
// print object
using PrintOptType = StrPrintOpt ;
void print(PrinterType &obj,PrintOptType opt) const;
// swap/move objects
void objSwap(String &obj);
explicit String(ToMoveCtor<String> obj);
// static string
template <char ... CC>
class StaticObject
{
String str;
public:
operator const String & () const { return str; }
static StaticObject Object;
};
};
String can be constructed from a character range. It also has a custom Builder constructor.
String is copyable, swappable and movable. These operations are efficient.
String implements the read-only Range Access Interface.
modify() makes the string modifiable providing access to the string buffer (buf you cannot change the string length).
String is printable, usual string print options are accepted.
String::StaticObject<CC> makes a static object, identified by the character sequence CC. This sequence determines the string text.
You can get a reference on the static string using the user-defined literal ""_str:
const String &obj = "This is a static string"_str ;
PrintString can be used to print into "string". Printed characters are accumulated in some internal memory storage, once you have finished, you can build a string using the method close().
class PrintString : public PrintBase
{
....
public:
static const ulen DefaultFrameLen = 1_KByte ;
explicit PrintString(ulen max_len=MaxULen,ulen frame_len=DefaultFrameLen);
~PrintString() { cleanup(); }
String close();
void cleanup();
};
In a constructor call you may specify the maximum string length and the frame length (printed characters are stored in a list of frames of the given length).
cleanup() erases all printed characters.
close() creates a string from printed characters. You may continue printing after a call of this method, extending the printed sequence.
Stringf() and StringCat() are convenient functions to create a string, using printing:
template <PrintableType ... TT> String Stringf(const char *format,const TT & ... tt); template <PrintableType ... TT> String StringCat(const TT & ... tt);
They are implemented using PrintString. Stringf() does usual formatted printing and returns the result as a String. StringCat() concatenates printed objects.
You can add an object to the string, if the object is castable to const char *, StrLen or the Range_const() is applied and gives the PtrLen<const char>.
template <StrLenCastableType T>
String operator + (const String &a,const T &t) { return StringSum(a,t); }
To sum more than two such objects, use the function StringSum().
template <StrLenCastableType ... TT>
String StringSum(const TT & ... tt);


GFC Bookmarklet Test
Follow the instructions
- Open this page using IE7 with Google Chrome Frame installed
- Add the following bookmarklet: test
- Run the bookmarklet
- You should see an alert box with a message "OK"
OBS: Please note that if you click the link it will work,
but if you load it via bookmarklet it won't.


Billion Bits
studios
Games
News
Team
Navbar Link
menu
Card Towers
A puzzle inspired take on tower-defense games.
More information
stay_primary_portrait
Our Games
Card Towers
A tower-defense puzzle game based on card.
More information


buy a sword
& join guild
…Create a docker-compose.yml
with the following
---
version: '2'
services:
zookeeper:
image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:latest
environment:
ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 32181
ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000
expose:
- "2181"
- "2888"
- "32181"
- "3888"
kafka:
image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:latest
depends_on:
- zookeeper
environment:
KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1
KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:32181
KAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://kafka:29092
KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1
expose:
- "9092"
- "29092"
mids:
image: midsw205/base:0.1.8
stdin_open: true
tty: true
volumes:
- ~/w205:/w205
expose:
- "5000"
ports:
- "5000:5000"
docker-compose up -d
events
docker-compose exec kafka \
kafka-topics \
--create \
--topic events \
--partitions 1 \
--replication-factor 1 \
--if-not-exists \
--zookeeper zookeeper:32181
Created topic "events".
You’re a mobile game developer. During gameplay, your users perform various actions such as
etc
To process these actions, your mobile app makes API calls to a web-based API-server.
POST /purchase
GET /purchase_a_sword
flask
library to write our simple API server.~/w205/flask-with-kafka/game_api.py
and run it viadocker-compose exec mids env FLASK_APP=/w205/flask-with-kafka/game_api.py flask run
docker-compose exec mids curl http://localhost:5000/
docker-compose exec mids curl http://localhost:5000/purchase_a_sword
-Kill flask with ctrl-c
.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from kafka import KafkaProducer
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
event_logger = KafkaProducer(bootstrap_servers='kafka:29092')
events_topic = 'events'
@app.route("/")
def default_response():
event_logger.send(events_topic, 'default'.encode())
return "This is the default response!"
@app.route("/purchase_a_sword")
def purchase_sword():
# business logic to purchase sword
# log event to kafka
event_logger.send(events_topic, 'purchased_sword'.encode())
return "Sword Purchased!"


AWS::EC2::VPCDHCPOptionsAssociation
Associates a set of DHCP options (that you've previously created) with the specified VPC.
Topics
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPCDHCPOptionsAssociation", "Properties" : { "DhcpOptionsId" :
String
, "VpcId" :String
} }
YAML
Type: AWS::EC2::VPCDHCPOptionsAssociation Properties: DhcpOptionsId:
String
VpcId:String
Properties
DhcpOptionsId
-
The ID of the DHCP options you want to associate with the VPC. Specify
default
if you want the VPC to use no DHCP options.Required: Yes
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
VpcId
-
The ID of the VPC to associate with this DHCP options set.
Required: Yes
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
Return Values
Ref
When the logical ID of this resource is provided to the Ref
intrinsic
function, Ref
returns the resource name.
For more information about using the Ref
function, see Ref.
Example
The following snippet uses the Ref
intrinsic function to associate the
myDHCPOptions
DHCP options with the myVPC
VPC. The VPC and
DHCP options can be declared in the same template or added as input parameters. For
more
information about the VPC or the DHCP options resources, see AWS::EC2::VPC or AWS::EC2::DHCPOptions.
JSON
"myVPCDHCPOptionsAssociation" : { "Type" : "AWS::EC2::VPCDHCPOptionsAssociation", "Properties" : { "VpcId" : {"Ref" : "myVPC"}, "DhcpOptionsId" : {"Ref" : "myDHCPOptions"} } }
YAML
myVPCDHCPOptionsAssociation: Type: AWS::EC2::VPCDHCPOptionsAssociation Properties: VpcId: Ref: myVPC DhcpOptionsId: Ref: myDHCPOptions
See Also
-
AssociateDhcpOptions in the Amazon EC2 API Reference.


Shih Hsin University
September 2017 -
Department of Information and Communications
我是目前正在臺灣臺北市就讀大學的學生。
I am a college student in Taiwan, Taipei now.
私は今、台北の大学で勉強している学生です
Specialized research in Japanese anime, comic, game, and so on.
The voluntary club which through organize activities to train our ability of teamwork.
Doing Communication with people and expressing ourselves opinion.
September 2017 -
Department of Information and Communications
September 2014 - June 2017
General Education
September 2011 - June 2014
General Education
Apart from studying in university, I enjoy in watching my favorite idol's live concert and Japanese anime.
I am fond of Japanese anime, comic, game, light-novel, which called "OTAKU culture" so much.
My favorite anime is "ラブライブ!", "うたの☆プリンスさまっ♪", "俺の妹がこんなに可愛いわけがない", "魔法少女まどか☆マギカ" and "おそ松さん".
What's more, I have deep interest in Japanese anime's voice actor and my dream is go to Japan to watch their live concert one day.
I prefer indoor activities than outdoors. I like singing and drawing during personal time.
Surfing the net with computer and watching TV are also my interest, I think I can interact with different people and extend my horizon through do them.
Recently, go to Japanese KTV is one of my love. It takes me enjoy in music and feel delight.
I believe music can step over the limits of time and space, making people get resonance.
Of course, I like get along with friends. Occasionally, I will go to outside and do some sport, like running.
★ Childhood's Dream ——— Pastry Chef
☆ Elementary school Period's Dream ——— Comic Printer
★ Junior high school Period's Dream ——— Multimedia Designer
☆ Senior high school Period's Dream ——— Voice Actor
★ University Period's Dream ——— Computer Art Designer


The grid is built around three key elements: containers, rows, and columns. Containers create base padding for the page; rows create a max-width and contain the columns; and columns create the final structure.
Based on the 12 column Bootstrap grid. Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns. Including predefined classes for easy layout options. Echo Calendar layout uses single set of .col-sm-* grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns in any .row.
In the Grid you can nest columns down as far as you'd like. Just embed rows inside columns and go from there. Each embedded row can contain up to 12 columns

The layout for the Echo Marketing Calendar is optimized to respond from High Definition Desktop monitors down to tablet devices (such as iPads & MS Surfaces) only. The Grid is wrapped in a fluid container class class="container-fluid"
with a minimum width set to min-device-width : 768px
The Echo Marketing Calendar logo draws a direct relationship the Echo brand & corporate identity
These are yet to be finalised.
Colors — is almost the most important part of the Echo Brand. The Echo Brand Colour Scheme is based on a complimentary colour rule based on a set of design principles that specifically relate to color by using two opposing colors on the color wheel to create a theme with complementary colors.
For your convenience we also provide Swatches Preset (Echo-Complementary-ColorSwatches.ase in the Pack folder).
No gradients, no shadows.
@echo-brand: #8b6f4d;
@echo-brand-lt: #d8b791;
@echo-brand-lt-bg: #ede9e6;
@echo-brand-dk: #40301e;
@echo-brand-link: #507a8c;
@echo-brand-focus: #183440;
@event-gaming: #e2a5a4;
@event-gaming-label: #a77c7b;
@event-nongaming: #90b3e6;
@event-nongaming-label: #354f77;
@event-public: #39d2b4;
@event-public-label: #1e7f6c;
@event-competition: #F1C40F;
@event-competition-label: #F39C12;
The Echo Online Brand uses two san-serif fonts from the Google Font API. Headers use Montserrat and body text such as paragraphs call the Open Sans font.
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,800,700,300);
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:700,400);
@font-family-sans-serif: 'Open Sans', "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
@headings-font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
Headings are used to denote different sections of content, usually consisting of related paragraphs and other HTML elements. They range from h1 to h5 and should be styled in a clear hierarchy (i.e., largest to smallest).
A lead paragraph in literature is the opening paragraph of an article, essay, news story or book chapter
Paragraphs are block level elements, meaning they stack vertically when repeated. Use them as such.
A form should be marked up using it's default HTML properties. The ones we make use of include (in hierarchical order):
Lists are great for presenting a series of related phrases or sentences that need to be read faster (skimming).
Example Text. Shoreditch gastropub distillery Truffaut hella beard +1 hoodie, vinyl tattooed mumblecore fixie ugh.
Austin 90's chambray ennui seitan 8-bit. Bicycle rights pork belly drinking vinegar ennui, bitters meh YOLO Neutra iPhone chambray beard 8-bit.


Mobius
Sidd Vadgama
@siddvee siddv.netMobius is a platform for creating wireless Arduino projects with web-based control and zero code. Using standardized, accessible and cost-effective components Mobius allows you to deploy projects easily and with little financial cost. Mobius generates both, the web-based control and the Arduino code, allowing you to create huge portions of projects without writing a single line of code.
All you have to do select a control method (slider, colour picker, number etc) and a template that for what the device does (motors, servos, lights etc). Then Mobius generates the control method and code, along providing you with a wiring diagram. This lowers the barrier of entry for anyone with ideas, but not the technical prowess to pursue them. Mobius is a completely open and expandable system too, allowing you to upload your own templates and add your own control inputs. If you’re a developer it’s easy to mess with the system too due to its modular design.


--- layout: post title: 'Mobile 2.0: Beyond Free, Panel' date: 2009-06-20 00:00:00 categories: digital-media interfaces-&-interaction ---
Mobile 2.0: Beyond Free, Panel
Moderator: Inma Martinez, Stradbroke
Harald Neidhardt, Smaato
Fee Beyer, Berlin
Ian Ginn, Amsterdam
Dr Lai Kok Fung, BuzzCity
Priya Prakash, Nokia
IM: It's hard to fund mobile-specific busines
IM: What digital goods are being sold for a decent price?
PP: It depends on context. What goods are being sold on ebay?
PP: There's a distinction between creating an application and a service. In the song analogy, it's like being a creative musician. Anyone know of any apps which are service-like?
IM: There's a company in Madrid who does betting on mobile goods. They auction cars, games consoles, by text message: you bid for the ident, lowest price.
IM: What are the services worth paying for?
FB: Infrastructure companies like Orbster ("infrastructure on the phone").
IM: Imagine your service complementing others, so the uptake of users is faster. What elements are worth paying for? PP stresses UI...
PP: It's not just about the UI, that's where we're going wrong. UI can be lipstick on a pig. It's the whole ecosystem, there's as much design in the business model as in the presentation layer.
FB: To push a service through the operator organisation is very different.
IM: So many people create nice applications, but not apps you'd want to pay for.
LKF: In some emerging markets, we saw mobile banking as strong.
Q (Andrew Scott, Rummble): You need to focus on product, not revenue.
Q: (Martin, Layar) How should we charge?
IG: It feels like a killer app. I'd make a 30m drama about it to get the story out.
LKF: Make it work on all phones.
PP: Think about the discovery - who's going to help me find it?
IG: Make it newsworthy. Save a life with it, get it on the news.
Q: I keep hearing talk about money. But I like the iPhone because people can make an app without having money, and release it to a community - for social capital. Why do we focus on financial game? Why can't we help make life better?
A: If you're talking about a venture funded business, VCs have a different model. Bootstrap, don't talk to a VC - unless you're making something beyond amazing or your team has already done it before, your valuation will be so low... VCs are banks. The app store today is a good model for small developers, or Salesforce etc (having a mobile implementation of a pre-existing platform online).


The developer section contains information on using Git to keep your copy up to date, and building your own modules, plugins, and widgets. CodeIgniter classes are also listed as a helpful shortcut to the CodeIgniter User Guide.


STAR WARS EPISODE I - THE PHANTOM MENACE A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1999 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ***
Let's cut to the chase and answer the second most important question in every moviegoer's mind. Is the new STAR WARS, more formally known as STAR WARS EPISODE I - THE PHANTOM MENACE, as good as the last 3?
No.
But, THE PHANTOM MENACE is a visually audacious triumph whose look far surpasses the first three.  This brings me to the most asked question, how do you snag some early tickets to the most widely anticipated film since GONE WITH THE WIND? To this cinematic conundrum, this review will offer no guidance.
Written and directed by George Lucas, the movie works best when it's at its busiest. As armies of computer-generated figures war with each other, the movie infuses the audience with a visceral excitement that's palpable. Your adrenaline will pump as if you personally are taking on those cleverly designed robotic soldiers of the future.
If the look and the impressive sound are the picture's high points, the charisma-challenged characters are its low points. The uninspired casting features some well-known actors who seem oddly out of place and some new actors who don't.
There isn't a Han Solo class character to be found anywhere on this mission. Harrison Ford, with his macho swagger and his humorous energy and charm, is sadly missed.  If some are to the manor born, Ford's natural home is in a space opera series like STAR WARS or an old-fashioned adventure anthology like INDIANA JONES.
In this STAR WARS prequel, Liam Neeson plays the Jedi master Qui-Gon Jinn, and Ewan McGregor plays his apprentice, Obi-Wan Kenobi. Giving restrained and wooden performances, these fine actors look like they feel awkward and somehow slightly embarrassed in their roles. I expected them to warm up to their characters, but they never did. Both act way below their potential.
The biggest disappointment comes from the story's villain, Darth Maul (Ray Park), who looks like a lumpy-headed soccer hooligan. With all looks and no menace, Darth Maul's no Darth Vader, not even close.  To emphasize how mean he's supposed to be, they give him a double-ended lightsaber. This reminded me of the scene from SPINAL TAP, in which they claim that their band is the best because the volume on their amplifier goes to 11 rather 10 like the other bands' amplifiers do.
The pleasures in the casting come from relative newcomers Natalie Portman as Queen Amidala and Jake Lloyd as Anakin Skywalker. Much has already been written about the latter, with people divided between those who find Jake Lloyd's performance endearing and those who think it's lifeless. I'm in the former camp. With his confident charm he is the one of the best reasons to get excited about the future episodes.
The movie's most exhilarating scene comes in a big pod racing extravaganza that's lifted straight out of BEN HUR. The technological tour de force crowd scenes alone are worth the price of admission. A two-headed race announcer supplies the humor in a picture that is sadly bereft of much comedy.
The lovable R2-D2 (Kenny Baker) and C-3PO (Anthony Daniels) are back, but they aren't allocated anywhere near the screen time that they deserve -- a waste of one of moviedom's best comedy duos.
The dialog has classic STAR WARS lingo. ("Be wary, I feel a disturbance in the force," is one of the many canonical lines.) Yoda, with his famous fractured syntax, is back for a cameo part. "Ah, hard to see, the dark side is," he lectures Anakin. The retreads are fun, but what is missing are many memorable new lines.
John Williams's wonderfully dramatic music draws heavily on his previous work for the series yet still manages to be fresh. Gavin Bocquet's lavish sets are visually enthralling with the Queen's large Italian Renaissance palace with its massive marble columns being among the handsomest.
The typical STAR WARS plot involves the federation trying to kidnap the queen and enslave her people. But the thin and sometimes confusing plot is all just a backdrop for the action. The middle section of the movie gets bogged down with the machinations of Senate bureaucrats squabbling over issues ranging from taxes to trade to leadership. Sometimes, you may feel like screaming at the screen, "all right already, let's get back to the action." If we want to hear about bickering politicians, we can read the newspaper.
So is THE PHANTOM MENACE a disappointment? A little. The first three movies were such a huge success and built such a loyal following of fans; the hype that ensued was to be expected. With such enormous hype comes an inevitable disappointment. But is the movie one that you wouldn't want to miss? Absolutely. See it on the largest screen you can find and with the best sound possible. This is a big event. Don't miss it. And don't even consider waiting until it comes out on video.
STAR WARS EPISODE I - THE PHANTOM MENACE runs 2:11. It is rated PG for some sci-fi violence and would be fine for all ages.
My son Jeffrey, age 10, thought it was almost better than the first 3 and gave it ****. He liked the dialog, especially, "destroy them (pause) all of them." He went on and on about the things he liked, including the music, the relationships, the figures and the action. He couldn't think of anything in the movie he didn't like.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Who Can I Vote For tells you who you can vote for in your area in the 2015 UK General Election, using data from yournextmp.com. It was developed by Dylan McKee and has its source code available on GitHub. Modifications to the orginal source have been made by David Robinson
Who Can I Vote For uses the following components (thank you!)...
Copyright (c) 2014, Ashley Mills All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source, with or without modification, is permitted provided that the following condition is met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
Copyright (c) 2014 Alamofire (http://alamofire.org/) Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Copyright (c) 2015 Marin Todorov


1.1. Introduction: Background¶
Why a Single Element Driver?¶
Single element drivers allow the constituive model developer to concentrate on model development and not the finite element response. Advantages of Matmodlab2 (or, more generally, of any stand-alone constitutive model driver) are
- Matmodlab2 is a very small, special purpose, code. Thus, maintaining and adding new features to Matmodlab2 is very easy;
- simulations are not affected by irrelevant artifacts such as artificial viscosity or uncertainty in the handling of boundary conditions;
- it is straightforward to produce supplemental output for deep analysis of the results that would otherwise constitute an unnecessary overhead in a finite element code;
- specific material benchmarks may be developed and automatically run quickly any time the model is changed; and
- specific features of a material model may be exercised easily by the model developer by prescribing strains, strain rates, stresses, stress rates, and deformation gradients as functions of time.
Why Python?¶
Python is an interpreted, high level object oriented language. Programs can be written rapidly and, because it is an interpreted language, do not require a compiling step. While this might make programs written in python slower than those written in a compiled language, modern packages and computers make the speed up difference between python and a compiled language for single element problems almost insignificant.
For numeric computations, the NumPy and SciPy modules allow programs written in Python to leverage a large set of numerical routines provided by lapack, blas, eigpack, etc. Python’s APIs also allow for calling subroutines written in C or Fortran (in addition to a number of other languages), a prerequisite for model development as most legacy material models are written in Fortran. In fact, most modern material models are still written in Fortran to this day.
Python’s object oriented nature allows for rapid installation of new material models.


Contains helper methods for loading and managing the available services.
- A
- D
- E
- G
- V
| DEFAULT_VERSION | = | 200909 |
Set defaults |
||
| DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT | = | 'PRODUCTION' |
Add a new environment to the list.
Args:
name: the name for the new environment
endpoint_hash: a hash of base endpoint URLs, indexed by version number, e.g.:
{ 13 => 'URL_FOR_v13', 200906 => 'URL_FOR_v200906' }
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 265 265: def self.add_environment(name, endpoint_hash) 266: @@environments[name] = endpoint_hash 267: end
Perform the loading of the necessary source files for a version
Args:
version: the API version (as an integer)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 274 274: def self.do_require(version) 275: get_services(version).each do |service| 276: eval("require 'adwords4r/v#{version}/#{service}ServiceWrapper.rb'") 277: end 278: end
Does the given environment exist and contain the given version?
Returns: Boolean indicating whether the given environment exists and contains the given version
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 135 135: def self.environment_has_version(environment, version) 136: return (!@@environments[environment].nil? and 137: !@@environments[environment][version].nil?) 138: end
Get the authentication server details for an environment
Args:
environment: the service environment to be used (as a string)
Returns: Array containing
the hostname for the auth server (as a string)
the port for the auth server (as an integer)
whether to use SSL or not (as a boolean)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 247 247: def self.get_auth_server(environment) 248: # If we don't have an entry for this environment, we just return the 249: # default server (the same one being used for the default environment) 250: if @@auth_servers[environment].nil? 251: return @@auth_servers[DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT] 252: end 253: 254: return @@auth_servers[environment] 255: end
Get the default environment.
Returns: Default environment (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 186 186: def self.get_default_environment 187: return DEFAULT_ENVIRONMENT 188: end
Get the default API version.
Returns: Default version (as an integer)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 156 156: def self.get_default_version 157: return DEFAULT_VERSION 158: end
Get the endpoint for a service on a given environment and API version.
Args:
environment: the service environment to be used (as a string)
version: the API version (as an integer)
service: the name of the API service (as a string)
Returns: The endpoint URL (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 200 200: def self.get_endpoint(environment, version, service) 201: base = @@environments[environment][version] 202: path = @@subdirs[[version, service]] 203: return base.to_s + path.to_s if base 204: return nil 205: end
Get the available environments.
Returns: List of available environments (as strings)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 177 177: def self.get_environments 178: @@environments.keys 179: end
Returns the full interface class name for a given service
Args:
version: the API version (as an integer)
service: the service name (as a string)
Returns: The full interface class name for the given service (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 302 302: def self.get_interface_name(version, service) 303: if version.is_a? Integer and version <= 13 304: return get_module_name(version, service) + "::#{service}Interface" 305: else 306: return get_module_name(version, service) + 307: "::#{service}ServiceInterface" 308: end 309: end
Get the latest API version.
Returns: Latest version (as an integer)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 125 125: def self.get_latest_version 126: @@services.keys.select { |service| service.is_a? Integer }.max 127: end
Returns the full module name for a given service
Args:
version: the API version (as an integer)
service: the service name (as a string)
Returns: The full module name for the given service (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 289 289: def self.get_module_name(version, service) 290: return "AdWords::V#{version.to_s}::#{service}Service" 291: end
Returns the namespace for a version and service
Args:
driver: the service driver
Returns: String with the namespace
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 331 331: def self.get_namespace_v2009(driver) 332: # This is a huge hack to get the correct namespace for a given service, 333: # but short from configuring it ourselves there seems to be no other 334: # option. This accesses one of the fields in the description of the 335: # service's methods, which indicates the namespace. 336: # Thankfully, since it's a constant and checked as part of our unit tests, 337: # it should always work. 338: return driver.class::Methods[0][2][0][2][1] 339: end
Get the download URL for reports.
Args:
environment: the service environment to be used (as a string)
version: the API version (as an integer)
Returns: The endpoint URL (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 216 216: def self.get_report_download_url(environment, version) 217: base = @@environments[environment][version] 218: path = 'reportdownload' if version >= 201003 219: return base.to_s + path.to_s if base and path 220: return nil 221: end
Get the list of service names for a given version
Args:
version: the API version (as an integer)
Returns: List of names of services (as strings) available for given version
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 168 168: def self.get_services(version) 169: @@services[version] 170: end
Get the subdirectory for a service, for a given API version.
Args:
Returns: The endpoint URL (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 232 232: def self.get_subdir(version, service) 233: return @@subdirs[[version, service]] 234: end
Get the available API versions.
Returns: List of versions available (as integers)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 116 116: def self.get_versions 117: @@services.keys 118: end
Returns the full wrapper class name for a given service
Args:
version: the API version (as an integer)
service: the service name (as a string)
Returns: The full wrapper class name for the given service (as a string)
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 320 320: def self.get_wrapper_name(version, service) 321: return get_module_name(version, service) + "::#{service}ServiceWrapper" 322: end
Validates whether a parameter is of the correct type This method is invoked by the wrappers during runtime to check the validity of every parameter.
Args:
param_name: the parameter name (as a String)
param: the parameter value
type: the expected type (the class object itself)
Returns: nil, upon success
Raises:
ArgumentError: in case of an unexpected type
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 356 356: def self.validate_param(param_name, param, type) 357: return nil if param.is_a? type 358: 359: begin 360: type.new(param) 361: rescue 362: raise ArgumentError, "Parameter '#{param_name}'" + 363: " should be convertible into type #{type.to_s}" 364: end 365: return nil 366: end
Does the given version exist and contain the given service?
Returns: Boolean indicating whether the given version exists and contains the given service
Source: show
# File lib/adwords4r/services.rb, line 146 146: def self.version_has_service(version, service) 147: return (!@@services[version].nil? and 148: @@services[version].include?(service)) 149: end


In this project, we are taking a look at the Asian economy. We will be focusing on some of the major countries in that region. We have some hypothesis on what changes there are over the past few decades and what might be the causes, and we will use data to validate our hypothesis. Overall, this will help us to gain a better understanding of the evolution the economy of that region.
First, we start off by taking a look at some of the major countries and see how their economy have been doing over the past few decades.
Shift of India's focus from the service sector to the agricultural sector
Agriculture used to be a big contributor for India's economy. However, we believe that with the rise of other industries, there might be some changes of focus. Here to demonstrate is the shift in focus of India from Agricultural Sector towards Service Sector.
Percentage of GDP on Research and Development
We believe that in the past, scientific breakthroughs had big roles in the growth of the Western economy. Therefore, we are taking a look at how much these major countries in Asia are focusing on Research and Development, and see if similar patterns emerge.
Scientific and Technical Development helped in attracting Foreign Investment in China?
We now analyze the effect of such change in Research and Development, using China as an example.
Focus on Healthcare
Health is wealth. The growth in economy won't mean much if the well-being of the general population can't be guaranteed. So let's take a look at how committed these countries are at providing health care to its people.


Two questions you answered deal with the interpersonal dimension of negotiation: asserting yourself and understanding others.
Research shows that many people feel that being relatively good at one of these comes at the cost of being less effective at the other. (Being firm about your demands could stress a relationship, for example; or appearing cooperative might be misread as weakness.) Nevertheless, some people feel equally good at both skills.
Two other questions address outcomes, specifically the ability to create value and to capture your share of it.
In practice there is often a tension between these two skills. Value-creating trades require understanding the parties' complementary interests.  Value will be created, but they may get most of it.
Your negotiation results are linked to how you relate to other parties. Think of the interpersonal scale as representing the means of negotiation and the outcome scale as the ends.
Putting the two scales together reveals common bargaining styles. The lines in the diagram intersect at the 0-0 origin. The example here is for a user who has a rating of 4 for the four skills (counting out from the center for each one).
That balance may look nice, but some situations demand certain skills more than others.
Tap Back to see how these two dimensions of negotiation define different styles - and how they reflect your personal profile.


WHEN THE CAT'S AWAY A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
Some movies are not what they seem to be. WHEN THE CAT'S AWAY (CHACUN CHERCHE SON CHAT) is one such film. Although on the surface it is a mystery about the search for a lost feline, in reality, it has only marginal sympathy for the missing animal. The story, written and directed by Cedric Klapisch, uses the disappearance as a ruse to take the viewers on a neighborhood tour of Paris.
Klapisch's storytelling style borrows heavily from the great Eric Rohmer, whose last picture released in the United States was the beautiful, episodic RENDEZVOUS IN PARIS. Klapisch has mastered the form of a Rohmer film, but lacks Rohmer's gift for the narrative. Klapisch's plot has the same wide variety of characters, but Rohmer's are more compelling.
As the story starts, a young Parisian named Chloe has a predicament. She is going on vacation and needs someone to look after her cat, Gris-Gris, while she is away. Garance Clavel plays Chloe with such big, soulful eyes that it is hard to see how anyone would turn her down.
Chloe lives in the apartment of a gay man named Michel, played rather insufferably by Olivier Py. Although Michel claims to be her friend, he says she should just put the cat in a bag and abandon it somewhere. (In a film nominally about cats there are several such cruel references to them.) Michel will do nothing to help the animal that has been living under his roof.
Chloe finds an old woman who keeps cats and who would be happy to look after hers as well. In fact, the old woman prefers cats to men. "Men have let me down, but animals, never. Never!" says Madame Renee, played by local resident and non-actress Renee Le Calm as a feisty old woman in her eighties.
After a vacation concisely summarized by a five second shot of her in the ocean, Chloe returns to find that Madame Renee no longer has her cat. A window was accidentally left open, and Gris-Gris has disappeared.
This early plot device of a truant cat launches the body of the story. Chloe enlists a host of local residents in her search. The men scour the small streets of Paris with her, and a network of older women form a telephone chain to communicate the results of their search. Easily the best visual in the show has the camera flitting back and forth from one rooftop to the next as the old women plan their watch with military precision. The scene is reminiscent of the one in which the cat is trailed in THAT DARN CAT.
Soon, however, the cat becomes less and less important. The story gets wrapped up in all of the relationships that Chloe establishes with her neighbors.
A subplot deals with the destruction of the old Paris to make way for the new. A building is shown being demolished, and half of the people seem to be in the process of being evicted from their apartments.
If, like I, you are able to guess the resolution of the missing cat mystery, it will not detract from the story. The movie's interest lies strictly in the people Chloe meets. Rohmer could have found her some more interesting ones, but the ones she does run into possess a certain charm.
WHEN THE CAT'S AWAY runs 1:36.  (The Parisians in the film seem to smoke, drink and breathe in about equal proportions.) The picture would be fine for mature teenagers. I give this delicate film thumbs up and ** 1/2.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: July 27, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


---
layout: new
title: Try a Simpler Alternative to Nagios
excerpt: Health Checks for Your AWS Infrastructure & Services — Zero Maintenance
cover: https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/opsee-public-images/twitter-try-nagios.jpg
---
A Simpler Alternative to Nagios
Health Checks for Your AWS Infrastructure & Services — Zero Maintenance
Create health checks for your AWS infrastructure & services with no agents to install or shell scripts to cURL. Opsee is seamlessly integrated into your environment and built to auto scale with you.


Function for writing a SNNS pattern file from a data.frame or matrix.
| Version: | 0.0-4.2 |
| Published: | 2012-10-29 |
| Author: | Manuel Castejon Limas, Joaquin Ordieres Mere, Francisco Javier de Cos Juez, Francisco Javier Martinez de Pison |
| Maintainer: | Manuel Castejon Limas <manuel.castejon at unileon.es> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | ChangeLog |
| CRAN checks: | write.snns results |
| Reference manual: | write.snns.pdf |
| Package source: | write.snns_0.0-4.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: write.snns_0.0-4.2.zip, r-release: write.snns_0.0-4.2.zip, r-oldrel: write.snns_0.0-4.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: write.snns_0.0-4.2.tgz, r-oldrel: write.snns_0.0-4.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | write.snns archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=write.snns to link to this page.


Gateway
BOT
26-Aug-19 04:17 PM
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright i know what you speak of, plz do eeeet
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> because "mars"
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> 101 block re-org for ol' Duke
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> is what I want for my bday
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> So, i will explain
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> ZEC has no DPoW. So, if you have enough hashrate, you can 51% attack ZEC. If you decide to rollback 101 blocks, that triggers a failsafe that SHUTS DOWN ALL ZCASH NODES.
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> A human must reboot them, and do work to figure out which chain to trust. All DPoW chains do not suffer from this horrible problem
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright all it takes is a few zcash farms to get hacked
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> I believe you could keep mining both chains and keep shutting them down as well
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and maybe sprinkle in some NH
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright now imagine filling blocks for almost nothing with woodchipper during that re-org attack
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> to slow down p2p network propagation
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and CPU dos the nodes, too
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> gosh the fireworks would be amazing
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright i want to hear a specific way that the woodchipper might not be effective, so I can prove you wrong
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> The cost estimates on the site right now go by the spec, so multiply costs by 2X to ensure you get into all real-life pools
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> can't know unless you try it really
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that is still $8/day
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> maybe attack vectors look good on paper then flat out don't work
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> ZEC is also halving their blocktime soon
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that will double the cost of the attack per day, since there are 2x more blocks per day
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright well, my 1 1MB xtn that cost 0.0002 to get into next block is a good PoC that I can make any number of those. What would be proof that it worked for you? Doing it for a few hours?
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> few consecutive blocks I guess?
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> hours is malicious, don't do that
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> anyway to make joinsplits "heavier"?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright heavier for who?
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> like with normal txes, can make them heavy to validate with many vins
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> do you mean expensive? heavy implies a CPU resource dos to me
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> fill a block with as many inputs as possible and it'll be very "heavy"
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> no matter the network
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> it all comes down to total xtn size in bytes
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> not quite
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> not at all really
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> you can have a massive OP_RETURN and it won't be "heavy"
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> it takes a lot to check sigs on vins though
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> if there are 100ks
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> well, we are probably not talking about the same thing
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> the problem is that taddr xtns have a tight limit on total xtn size, zaddrs don't
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> yea you're talking about filling blocks, i'm talking about making them cost more to validate
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that is the essence, Zcash did this on purpose, as well
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> was just curious what can make a ztx "heavier"
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> what's the bottleneck for validating them?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> oh, i understand now
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> well, they are heavy by nature. But you are onto something very good
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> There is a way to make creating zaddr xtns very fast, which makes the attack crazy more effective/cheaper
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> and leave validating the same, which gives attacker a big edge
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Daira mentioned this on Github as an improvement to the attack
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright it has to go to sapling rust code to validate them, crossing language boundaries, etc. It's a heavy operation
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> but you can essentially cache most of the operation of creating them, kind of like a transaction template
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> so instead of your attack taking 15 minutes to fill a block, it takes 15 seconds to make the zaddr xtn
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> ZEC have a testnet?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright so 10 full zec blocks is good enough proof for you?
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> yes, they believe in testnets
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> just do it on testnet
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright no thanks, but you can
[dscrd-hush] <Alright>
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Not looking for extra work, fine sir
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> testnet isn't likely to be the same
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> I know it works, on all Zcash protocol coins
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> mining pools with patches and all...
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> the work and cost involved to prove it does not interest me
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Just pay a few pennies more, the attack still works
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Pools can only make it cost a tiny bit more
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> 10 full blocks is enough to get the point across, but might piss some people off
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> just saying, half that would be enough to get the point across
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Or maybe Zcash company goes out of business and everybody uses Ycash next year
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> all hail our new Ycash overlords
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> you'll have to pay more fess than what would have been in the block otherwise, no?
(edited)
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright half that number of blocks full, or 10 blocks half-full ?
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> 5 full blocks
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> 5 full blocks, he says
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> ZEC mainnet has never seen 5 full consecutive blocks
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Pretty sure it's never seen 1 full block
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> altho I came close
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> you have to pay more fees than the miner would receive otherwise I believe
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> so I doubt 0.0001 will work
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> correct
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that is what I have been saying, paying double fee gets you in the door
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> the bouncer don't give a fuck
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> if the miner has 3 txes, your huge one with 0.0001 and two normal ones with 0.0001 each
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> just grease his hand
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> it will choose the two
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> ok, so 3 with 0.0001
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> it sorts by feesize, not by xtn size
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> it will choose the 3
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> well, we don't know the exact patches they run
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> but we can assume they are very similar to what is in KMD
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> that's without a patch
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> And now I say, the attacker don't care, she will spend 0.0003 for every xtn, to say "fuck you" to every other xtn on the network
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> that makes it cost $9/day
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> that assumes there are only 3 normal txes in the mempool
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright most zec blocks are just coinbase
[dscrd-hush] <Alright> believe you would need to look at average fee a miner collects per block and go above that
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright i could estimate that for the last X blocks probably
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> @Alright here is the thing, too, I guess I will explain
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> I am giving this potential attacker so many hints!!!!
[dscrd-hush] <dukeleto> Are you ready?


Play Again!


POST /setup/api/maintenance
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
maintenance |
string |
Required. A JSON string with the attributes
enabled and when .
|
The possible values for enabled
are true
and
false
. When it's false
, the attribute
when
is ignored and the maintenance mode is turned off.
when
defines the time period when the maintenance was enabled.
The possible values for when
are now
or any date
parseable by mojombo/chronic.
curl -L -X POST 'https://api_key:your-amazing-password@hostname:admin_port/setup/api/maintenance' -d 'maintenance={"enabled":true, "when":"now"}'
Status: 200 OK
{
"status": "scheduled",
"scheduled_time": "Tuesday, January 22 at 15 => 34 -0800",
"connection_services": [
{
"name": "git operations",
"number": 0
},
{
"name": "mysql queries",
"number": 233
},
{
"name": "resque jobs",
"number": 54
}
]
}


Never one to be troubled by the chronology of cultural fads, poet Dennis Beerpint is trying to reinvent himself as a beatnik. He has been seen about town sporting a goatee beard and a jet black polo neck sweater. A concerned Beerpint-watcher suspects a copy of Allen Ginsberg's Howl may have fallen into his hands.
“Knowing Dennis Beerpint,” writes my correspondent, “His version of Howl will probably be called Bleat or Oooh, Missus!”
This seems a bit harsh to me. Though Beerpint can be incorrigibly twee, and often fatuous, at its best his work has reduced me to a sincerely sobbing heap of woebane. I am thinking of such pieces as Lines Upon The Collision Of A Little Peewit With A Hot Air Balloon, a poem I consider to be the finest peewit-related poem of the last millennium. It will be interesting to see where he goes in his new beatnik persona, daddy-o. Well, perhaps not interesting, but at the very least mildly diverting in a Beerpinty way for those of us who follow his doings.


{% extends "rest_framework/base.html" %} {% comment %} body - The entire html
. bodyclass - Class attribute for the tag, empty by default. bootstrap_theme - CSS for the Bootstrap theme. bootstrap_navbar_variant - CSS class for the navbar. branding - Branding section of the navbar, see Bootstrap components. breadcrumbs - Links showing resource nesting, allowing the user to go back up the resources. It's recommended to preserve these, but they can be overridden using the breadcrumbs block. script - JavaScript files for the page. style - CSS stylesheets for the page. title - Title of the page. userlinks - This is a list of links on the right of the header, by default containing login/logout links. To add links instead of replace, use {{ block.super }} to preserve the authentication links. {% endcomment %} {% block branding %} Plugserv {% endblock %} {% block userlinks %} {% if user.is_authenticated %}


Show IP Addresses
Public Network
Maintenance Information
External Network
External Network (extended)
AS GTS Internal Network
AS DFN Internal Network
AS VirtualWall Internal Network
AS Grid5000 Internal Network
AS ExoGeni Internal Network
JSON
YAML
SVG
Legend
Public Interface
Pending VPN Interface
Pending Links
Ready-to-use Links


Before Change
@once.once
def _initialize(self, inputs):
input_shape = _extract_input_shape(inputs, self._preserve_dims)
self.input_shape = input_shape.as_list()
def __call__(self, inputs):
Reshapes ``inputs``.
After Change
@once.once
def _initialize(self, inputs):
if inputs.shape.rank < self._preserve_dims:
raise ValueError("Input tensor has {} dimensions, should have at least "
"as many as preserve_dims={}".format(
inputs.shape.rank, self._preserve_dims))
self._input_shape = inputs.shape
def __call__(self, inputs):
Reshapes ``inputs``.


WITNESS LIST Water Policy, Select Interim Committee February 3, 2004 -10:30A Select Committee on Water Policy - El Paso Hearing ON: Appington, Bill Farmer (El Paso Group Sierra Club), Sierra Blanca, TX Archuleta, Ed General Manager (El Paso Public Service Board), El Paso, TX Ashworth, John Groundwater Geologist (LBG Guyton & Associates), Austin, TX Beard, Tom Attorney (Far West Texas Water Planning Group), Alpine, TX Bramblett, Kit Lawyer (Hudspeth County), Sierra Blanca, TX Brewton, Larry (Self), Dell City, TX Brittin, Carolyn (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), Austin, TX Canon, Robert (Rio Nuevo, Ltd.), Midland, TX Carpenter, Robert Farmer (Farmers in Dell Valley), Dell City, TX Covarruhias, Armundo Chili Processor (Self), Dell City, TX Dowdey, Don (Big Bend Regional Sierra Club), Alpine, TX Gilbert, Risher Lawyer (The Lynch Family), El Paso, TX Guitar, Phil Rancher (Guitar Holding Company, L.P.), Abilene, TX Johnson, Russell Partner-Bracewell & Patterson (Guitar Holding Company, L.P.), San Antonio, TX Kelly, Mary Attorney (Environmental Defense), Austin, TX Kihine, Jim Rancher (Self), Dell City, TX Langford, David (Texas Wildlife Association), Comfort, TX Lynch, Linda (Self), Dell City, TX Martinez, Oscar Rice Mayor, City of Marfa (Concerned Citizens of Marfa), Marfa, TX McDonald, Kyle Lawyer (Rio Neuvo, Ltd.), Midland, TX McKinney, Dr. Larry Director Water Policy (Texas Parks & Wildlife Department), Austin, TX Michelsen, Ari Resident Director (TAES, Texas A&M University), El Paso, TX Moreland, Robert Attorney (General Land Office), Austin, TX Mullican, Bill (Texas Water Development Board), Austin, TX Pack, David (Self), Roswell, NM Patterson, Jerry Commissioner (General Land Office), Austin, TX Ponton, Rod Attorney (City of Presidio), Alpine, TX Robinson, Van (Self), Ft. Davis, TX Ross, Lauren Engineer (Self), Austin, TX Schrader, Curtis (City of Marfa), Marfa, TX Settemeyer, Herman (Texas Commission on Environmental Quality), Austin, TX Snodgrass, Chris John Deere Dealer (Farmers in Dell City), Lubbock, TX Stovell, J. Robert (Self), Alpine, TX Teran, Miguel County Commissioner (El Paso County), El Paso, TX Turner, John Rancher (Cerro Alto Water System), El Paso, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Davidson, Michael (Brewster County Tourism Council), Terlingua, TX Frizell, R. Duane Attorney (Guitar Holding Company, L.P.), El Paso, TX Rakestraw, Kenneth Hydrologist (U.S. Section, International Boundary & Water Commission), El Paso, TX


Data Types¶
- SeisChannel: single-channel univariate data
- SeisData: multi-channel univariate data
- SeisHdr: seismic event header
- SeisEvent: composite type for events with header and trace data
Data types in SeisIO can be manipulated using standard Julia commands.
Initialization¶
SeisChannel¶
-
SeisChannel
()¶
Initialize an empty SeisChannel structure.
-
SeisChannel
(; [KWs])
Set fields at creation by specifying fieldnames as keywords, e.g. SeisChannel(fs=100.0) creates a new SeisChannel structure with fs = 100.0 Hz.
SeisData¶
-
SeisData
()¶
Initialize an empty SeisData structure. Fields cannot be set at creation.
-
SeisData
(n)
Initialize an empty SeisData structure with S.n channel containers.
-
SeisData
(S::SeisData, Ev::SeisEvent, C1::SeisChannel, C2::SeisChannel)
Create a SeisData structure by copying S and appending Ev.data, C1, and C2. This syntax can be used to form a new SeisData structure from arbitrary combinations of SeisData and SeisChannel objects.
SeisHdr, SeisEvent¶
-
SeisHdr
()¶
Create an empty SeisHdr structure.
-
SeisHdr
(; KWs)
Set fields at creation by specifying fieldnames as keywords.
-
SeisEvent
()¶
Initialize an empty SeisEvent structure with an empty SeisHdr in .hdr and an empty SeisData in .data.
Example¶
Create a new SeisData structure with three channels
C1 = SeisChannel(name="BRASIL", id="IU.SAML.00.BHZ")
C2 = SeisChannel(name="UKRAINE", id="IU.KIEV.00.BHE")
S = SeisData(C1, C2, SeisChannel(name="CHICAGO"))
SeisData Indexing¶
Individual channels in a SeisData structure can be accessed by channel index. Indexing a single channel, e.g. C=S[3], outputs a SeisChannel; indexing several outputs a new SeisData structure.
The same syntax can be used to ovewrwrite data by channel (or channel range). For example, S[2] = T, where T is a SeisChannel instance, replaces the second channel of S with T.
Multiple channels in a SeisData structure S can be overwritten with another SeisData structure T using setindex!(S, T, I); the last input is the range of indices in S to overwrite (which must satisfy length(I) == T.n).
Julia is a “pass by reference” language. The precaution here is best illustrated by example: if we assign T = S[2], subsequent changes to T modify S[2] in place.
Commands by Category¶
SeisIO extends a number of built-in Julia methods to work with its custom data types. In addition, many custom functions exist to simplify processing.
Append, Merge¶
-
append!(S::SeisData, U::SeisData)
Append all channels in U to S. No checks against redundancy are performed; can result in duplicate channels (fix with merge!(S)).
-
merge!(S::SeisData, U::SeisData)
-
S += U
Merge U into S. Also works if U is a SeisChannel structure. Merges are based on matching channel IDs; channels in U without IDs in S are simply assigned to new channels. merge! and += work identically for SeisData and SeisChannel instances.
Data can be merged directly from the output of any SeisIO command that outputs a compatible structure; for example, S += readsac(sacfile.sac) merges data from sacfile.sac into S.
For two channels i, j with identical ids, pairs of non-NaN data xi, xj with overlapping time stamps (i.e. | ti - tj | < 0.5/fs) are averaged.
-
merge!(S::SeisData)
Applying merge! to a single SeisData structure merges pairs of channels with identical IDs.
Delete, Extract¶
-
delete!(S::SeisData, j)
-
deleteat!(S::SeisData, j)
-
S-=j
Delete channel number(s) j from S. j can be an Int, UnitRange, Array{Int,1}, a String, or a Regex. In the last two cases, any channel with an id that matches j will be deleted; for example, S-=”CC.VALT” deletes all channels whose IDs match “CC.VALT”.
-
T = pull(S, i)
If i is a string, extract the first channel from S with id=i and return it as a new SeisData structure T. The corresponding channel in S is deleted. If i is an integer, pull operates on the corresponding channel number.
-
purge!(S)
Remove all empty channels from S. Empty channels are defined as the set of all channel indices i s.t. isempty(S.x[i]) = true.
Read, Write¶
-
A = rseis(fname::String)
Read SeisIO data from fname into an array of SeisIO structures.
-
wsac
(S)
Write SAC data from SeisData structure S to SAC files with auto-generated names. SAC data can only be saved to single precision.
Specify ts=true to write time stamps. Time stamped SAC files created by SeisIO are treated by the SAC program itself as unevenly spaced, generic x-y data (LEVEN=0, IFTYPE=4). Third-party readers might interpret timestamped files less predictably: depending on the reader, timestamped data might be loaded as the real part of a complex time series, with time stamps as the imaginary part … or the other way around … or they might not load at all.
-
wseis
(fname::String, S)
Write SeisIO data from S to fname. Supports splat expansion for writing multiple objects, e.g. wseis(fname, S, T, U) writes S, T, and U to fname.
To write arrays of SeisIO objects to file, use “splat” notation: for example, for an array A of type Array{SeisEvent,1}, use syntax wseis(fname, A…).
Search, Sort¶
-
sort!(S::SeisData, rev=false)
In-place sort by S.id. Specify rev=true to reverse the sort order.
-
i = findid(S, C)
Return the index of the first channel in S with id matching C. If C is a string, findid is equivalent to findfirst(S.id.==C); if C is a SeisChannel, findid is equivalent to findfirst(S.id.==C.id).


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Story of my failure.
|
Kaggle User ID |
UserName : |
Display name |
|
2431401 |
gferrier |
Guillaume Ferrier |
|
Position : 63/64 |
|
Score : 0.8603351d |
The very first question was what kind of algorithm to use (other than Logistic Regression):
I had currently no real knowledge on what to use, if I only considered what I knew so far, there will only be linear regression but in that case it is almost certain it would have poor results.
A few days before there was a brief course presenting the neural networks and it seemed promising so that was the very thing I « tried » during the original session.
MultilayerPerceptronClassifier
After more than an hour trying to have it simply not raise an error about dimensions I quit.
Recent talks with another student who succeeded using them helped me identify what I was probably doing wrong : the last layer size should be able to store the value of the variable to predict while starting at 0, hence a dataset with cover in [1-7] should have the last layer of size 8 (with the 0 node not usefull) (or 7 if you update the data so that values are within 0..6)
Considering the possible difficulties to find a suitable layers setup this was probably a good idea for me to give up on such method for this exercice.
RandomForestClassifier
This is what seemed trendy/popular both because of the simplicity and the results on competions (but that opinion seems now a little outdated). And just for the fun of the name, what’s better than a forest to predict a forest ?
That’s what I tried because I had the feeling this was a sure way to have a decent score, I’m not here for the competition.
What I should have tried :
I still have the impression than being able to extract a rule is very usefull for the (business)knowledge it can provide and that’s the power of decision trees, but here the aim was not to find a botanical understanding but have a score.
K-NextNeighbours even if it may be the most greedy to make predictions is probably what should fit best such data, at least it fits the naive impression we have from geography classes and probably works fine on problems that have variables with limited range values and well distributed. In other words KNN might be what’s best left when there seems to be no simple separation.
Updates on performaces/popularity :
The new trends seems to be Gradiant boosting methods. Should I try it : maybe GBTClassifier next time, but more popular gradiant boosting that are not part of the spark mllib yet : probably not. When I’ll be confident enough with the tools I use I may go further, it is still too early for that.
Once you’re set with the algorithm, there are the hyper parameters.
And there started the troubles.
The general idea is to try a set of values and simply find which works best, hoping that there is somehow a peak in performances around a given value.
The tool for this, is the principle of grid search, you define the list of values to try for all elements of the pipeline, and you train as much times as the combination defined.
But here I face severe issues with the platform Databricks itself.
(24)
Spark Jobs
The spark driver has stopped unexpectedly and is
restarting. Your notebook will be automatically reattached.
Was is it the bad day ? Was I assigned a troubled cluster server, I don’t know but it just resulted in a real demotivation to go further.
With a technical impossibility to test reallistic grid, I had to choose what I could test.
And when I had not the « driver » issue I was having the following error :
(27)
Spark Jobs
org.apache.spark.SparkException: Job aborted due to
stage failure: Task 7 in stage 55.0 failed 1 times, most recent
failure:
Lost task 7.0 in stage 55.0 (TID 412, localhost,
executor driver): java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: GC overhead limit
exceeded
So most of the
tuning process was, « what can I do that will not crash ».
With limited grid power I tried « simple » lists, with
the painfull need to reevaluate all previous cells or recreate a
cluster after every attempt that failed due to a cluster failure.
- numTrees :
The number of trees seems to help performances directly.
I’m pretty sure there is a limit where you don’t really gain anymore but I couldn’t even approach such limit. So I just took a small number (5) to try to see the impact of other variables in grid searches.
For final model I raised the number to 29, just becauses it didn’t crashed while 40 or 50 crashed. But I’m pretty sure 29 is ridiculously low.
- maxDepth :
I had the thougth that there can be a peak for this element : too complex model will not necessarily be better on data outside the training, and here with a limited number of folds I was expecting to see an inflection but there were not, so the limit was set yet again not because of a score but because of limitation (here of the library itselves that does not allow to go over 30) I’m still not confident setting such a high depth was a good idea but that was what the few runs that went up to their end seemed to tell.
- minInstancesPerNode :
currently this seems totally random and with severall grid runs is was never the same best. So almost anything between 4 and 9 seemed fine : the first attemps had a tendency to 7-9 and the latest attemps more with 4-5 without any clear comprehension from my part.
- maxBins :
There should have a peak phenomenon for this one, but again it was much more a pass/crash tryout than a real scoring evaluation, and I stopped at 45 that seemed enough. I should probably have tested again highest values but I believe an old test excluded 50 and 60 compared to 40 probably … it’s difficult to keep correct tracks when you don’t know what you are looking for and at the time i was more focusing on minInstancesPerNode …
With not that many data for some classes, having too many folds to evaluate the training set performances may result in varying scores, and for sure it needs more computation power so I kept it low with the platform issues I experienced. Should I have taken higher folding system : for a more reliable score sure, for a safe run unfortunately not.
When you run a grid search you can use the best model identified, but this model is based/trained on a fold.
So I had to chose between to direclty transform the test set on the best model or « clone » the model by extracting some parameters and retrain again.
Since I was in need for adding more trees I chose not to keep the best model of the grid but just manually copy the hyper parameter and re-train on the whole train set and with more trees. The fact that it was very difficult just to have a result for a grid execution also influenced my choice : it was not a good idea to rely on rerunning a grid every time I need to change something. So I chose the less effective way but most safe way to have at least a result.
The key for better results may be in cleaning the data but this is probably the most time consuming and the most uncertain research.
I tried a simple approach simply based on the fact that all classes did not have as many samples. Classes with less samples were never predicticted so maybe there was space for improvement.
If I simply sampled
according to the lowest class cardinal, there would only be 2k
samples for each which is probably too few, so I just tried to
sub-sample the over-represented categories. I’m still convinced
this a a valid approach for algorithms like neural networks, but here
there was a big drawback on results on the test score. The previous
score was 0.85904 and it dropped to 0.72510, still better than the
initial logistic regeression but still a huge loss.
Maybe I was better for cover type 5 or 6 but I was less effective on 1 and 2 and the test set probably have lots of 1 and 2 …
The sampling I did was also the simpliest one : random sample just to fit a desired quantity of training elements, maybe there would be a need for severall tries, maybe there is a need for a sample that somehow keeps the same distribution on the variables, there are probably some tools to do so but I didn’t want to investigate further since the first attempt had such a poor result.
For the same reason I thought trying to identify outliers would probably not result on an improvement. The only idea I had to remove outliers whould be to exclude elements based on a quantile but if I do it blindly on every feature there will remain too few elements and the performances will drop again.
The latest failure was the one for handling weird form of data. If you consider angles for instance, you’d expect values between 0 and 360 but there were some negative values, is it better to skip them or to add 360 or reaffect them the average value, none of this is guaranteed to improve, and I couldn’t afford testing all of this so I simply did nothing.
Some people had the idea to consider reducing dimension, especially for the soil types, of course this should help having faster computation, but dropping information will less likely improve the score. With too few guarantees I chose not to try reducing dimensions.