THE CLOSEST THING TO HEAVEN A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1997 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): * 1/2
I saw THE CLOSET THING TO HEAVEN at San Jose's Cinequest film festival. The picture has a cute set up, but little else to recommend the film.
The picture, written and directed by Dorne Pentes, is set in Charlotte, North Carolina. The writer borrows heavily from the SHORT CUTS style of plot. Several quirky, comedic stories go on in parallel. There is a wandering narrator dressed all in white from his wide brimmed hat to his suit. Only his bow tie has any color. He provides the running commentary. The in-joke is that he sounds like he is pitching the city as a place for companies to relocate.
A typical scene has a couple of local lowlifes going to a cheap motel to score some dope to smoke. They cannot afford to buy the marijuana, but the smoke from the motel room is billowing out so thick that they inhale it by waving it in with their hands. Eventually, one of them proposes to rob a bank to get the funds to support their habit. The other points out that it is Sunday, and the banks will be closed. There is then a fast cut to them outside an ATM. The audience sees the view from the surveillance camera as our two nincompoops start shooting at the ATM in broad daylight.
There are many other similar, failed attempts at humor. I rarely laughed. The acting is amateurish. Only the man in the white hat shows any promise as a actor.
THE CLOSEST THING TO HEAVEN runs 1:38. It is not rated but would get an R for the drug usage and the profanity. The show takes risks in order to be funny, but the jokes do not work. I cannot recommend the picture, and I give it just * 1/2.
**** = A must see film. *** = Excellent show. Look for it. ** = Average movie. Kind of enjoyable. * = Poor show. Don't waste your money. 0 = Totally and painfully unbearable picture.
REVIEW WRITTEN ON: February 1, 1997
Opinions expressed are mine and not meant to reflect my employer's.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


connect()
disconnect()
isConnected()
getServerInfo()
getFee()
getLedgerVersion()
getTransactions(
account[,
options]
)
+
options: {
start: txhash,
limit: int,
minLedgerVersion: int,
maxLedgerVersion: int,
earliestFirst: bool,
excludeFailures: bool,
initiated: bool,
counterparty: address,
types: [string],
binary: bool
}
getPaths(
pathfind
)
+
pathfind: {
source: {
address: address,
currencies: [{
currency: string,
counterparty: address
}]
},
destination: adjustment
}
adjustment = {address: address, amount: amount, tag?: int}
amount = {currency: string, counterparty: address, value: floatstr}
preparePayment(
account,
payment[,
instructions]
)
+
payment: {
source: adjustment,
destination: adjustment,
paths?: string,
slippage?: strfloat,
memos?: [{
type: string,
format: string,
data: string
}],
invoiceID?: hash256,
allowPartialPayment?: bool,
noDirectRipple?: bool,
limitQuality?: bool
}
adjustment = {address: address, amount: amount, tag?: int}
amount = {currency: string, counterparty: address, value: floatstr}
instructions: {
sequence: int,
fee: floatstr,
maxFee: floatstr,
maxLedgerVersion: int,
maxLedgerVersionOffset: int
}
prepareTrustline(
account,
trustline[,
instructions]
)
+
trustline: {
currency: string,
counterparty: address,
limit: strfloat,
qualityIn?: float,
qualityOut?: float,
allowRippling?: bool,
authorized?: bool,
frozen?: bool
}
instructions: {
sequence: int,
fee: floatstr,
maxFee: floatstr,
maxLedgerVersion: int,
maxLedgerVersionOffset: int
}
prepareOrder(
account,
order[,
instructions]
)
+
order: {
direction: ("buy"|"sell"),
quantity: amount,
totalPrice: amount,
immediateOrCancel?: bool,
fillOrKill?: bool,
passive?: bool
}
amount = {currency: string, counterparty: address, value: floatstr}
instructions: {
sequence: int,
fee: floatstr,
maxFee: floatstr,
maxLedgerVersion: int,
maxLedgerVersionOffset: int
}
prepareSettings(
account,
settings[,
instructions]
)
+
settings: {
passwordSpent: bool,
requireDestinationTag: bool,
requireAuthorization: bool,
disallowIncomingXRP: bool,
disableMasterKey: bool,
enableTransactionIDTracking: bool,
noFreeze: bool,
globalFreeze: bool,
defaultRipple: bool,
emailHash: hash128,
walletLocator: hash256,
walletSize: int,
messageKey: string,
domain: string,
transferRate: float,
signers: string,
regularKey: address
}
instructions: {
sequence: int,
fee: floatstr,
maxFee: floatstr,
maxLedgerVersion: int,
maxLedgerVersionOffset: int
}
generateWallet()
errors


--- layout: post title: "UK Citizenship Test" comments: true ---
Well just took the test and scored 25% and failed! what a joke some of the questions were! You need 75% to pass which i don't think can happen much Try it yourselves here and post your results!http://www.ukcitizenshiptest.co.uk/


Represents the versioning configuration for a bucket. More...
Public Member Functions | |
| (id) | - initWithStatus: |
| Initialize the object with a status. | |
| (NSString *) | - toXml |
Properties | |
| NSString * | status |
| The current status of versioning. | |
| bool | isMfaDeleteEnabled |
| Indicates if the optional Multi-Factor Authentication Delete control is enabled for this bucket versioning configuration. |
Represents the versioning configuration for a bucket.
A bucket's versioning configuration can be in one of three possible states: Off, Enabled, Suspended
By default, new buckets are in the off state. Once versioning is enabled for a bucket the status can never be reverted to Off.
In addition to enabling versioning, a bucket's versioning configuration can also enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) Delete, which restricts the ability to permanently delete a version of an object. When MFA Delete is enabled, only requests from the bucket owner which include an MFA token generated by the hardware authentication device associated with the bucket owner's AWS account can permanently delete an object version. For more information on AWS Multi-Factor Authentication see http://aws.amazon.com/mfa/
The versioning configuration of a bucket has different implications for each operation performed on that bucket or for objects within that bucket. For instance, when versioning is enabled, a PutObject operation creates a unique object version-id for the object being uploaded. The PutObject API guarantees that, if versioning is enabled for a bucket at the time of the request, the new object can only be permanently deleted using the DeleteVersion operation. It can never be overwritten. Additionally, PutObject guarantees that, if versioning is enabled for a bucket the request, no other object will be overwritten by that request. Refer to the documentation sections for each API for information on how versioning status affects the semantics of that particular API.


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I've been a software enthusiast for most of my life, and a budding developer for 5 years.
I'm a Fall 2016 student at Awesome Inc's, bootcamp in Lexington, KY. I'm looking forward to
solving technical problems professionally, where I'm part of a team - doing what I love.
I also enjoy music and songwriting, building with my hands, gardening, and exploring new ideas
in business and technology that make the world a better place.


| Name | Total Lines | Lines of Code | Total Coverage | Code Coverage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| app/models/trip.rb | 224 | 174 | 53.57%
|
53.45%
|
Code reported as executed by Ruby looks like this...and this: this line is also marked as covered.Lines considered as run by rcov, but not reported by Ruby, look like this,and this: these lines were inferred by rcov (using simple heuristics).Finally, here's a line marked as not executed.
1 class Trip < ActiveRecord::Base |
2 validates :name, :presence => true |
3 validates :time, :presence => true, :timeliness => {:type => :datetime} |
4 validates :address, :presence => true #, :mailing_address => true |
5 validates :organizer, :existence => {:allow_nil => false} |
6 |
7 has_many :arrangements |
8 belongs_to :organizer, :class_name => "Person", :foreign_key => "organizer_id" |
9 has_and_belongs_to_many :participants, :class_name => "Person", |
10 :join_table => "participants_trips", :association_foreign_key => "participant_id" |
11 has_many :invitations, :foreign_key => :pending_trip_id |
12 has_many :invitees, :through => :invitations |
13 has_and_belongs_to_many :vehicles |
14 |
15 def arrangement_for(person) |
16 return self.arrangements.select { |arrangement| arrangement.passengers.include?(person) }.first |
17 end |
18 |
19 def organized_by?(person) |
20 return self.organizer == person |
21 end |
22 |
23 def upcoming? |
24 return self.time >= Time.now() |
25 end |
26 |
27 def invite!(person) |
28 invitation = self.invitations.build(:email => person.email) |
29 invitation.invitee = person |
30 return invitation |
31 end |
32 |
33 |
34 def generate_arrangements |
35 if self.vehicles.length != 0 |
36 vehicles = self.vehicles |
37 vehicles_capacity = vehicles.map{|v| v.capacity} |
38 drivers = vehicles.map {|v| v.owner} |
39 drivers_index = (0..drivers.length-1).entries |
40 passengers = self.participants - drivers |
41 passengers_index = (drivers.length..drivers.length+passengers.length-1).entries |
42 addresses = (drivers + passengers).map{|p| p.address} + [self.address] |
43 destination = addresses.length-1 |
44 distances = Trip.distance_matrix(addresses) |
45 |
46 # Iterate through each driver now |
47 |
48 for driver in drivers_index |
49 driver_arrangement = Arrangement.new(:driver => drivers[driver], :vehicle => vehicles[driver]) |
50 if passengers_index.length > 0 |
51 driver_passengers = Trip.anneal_passengers(driver, passengers_index, destination, distances, vehicles_capacity[driver]) |
52 for passenger in driver_passengers |
53 driver_arrangement.passengers << passengers[passenger-drivers.length] |
54 end |
55 passengers_index = passengers_index - driver_passengers |
56 end |
57 self.arrangements << driver_arrangement |
58 end |
59 self.save |
60 end |
61 end |
62 |
63 # Below are private methods used for generate_arrangements |
64 private |
65 |
66 # anneal_passengers utilizes simulated annealing to determine an optimal subset of passengers for one vehicle |
67 def self.anneal_passengers(driver, passengers, destination, distances, capacity) |
68 # Check to see if there are less passengers than capacity |
69 if passengers.length < capacity |
70 # If it is, then we simply return the best path |
71 capacity = passengers.length+1 |
72 best_path, best_score = Trip.anneal_path(driver, passengers, destination, distances, Math.exp(capacity).ceil) |
73 else |
74 # Otherwise, anneal to find an optimal set of passengers |
75 current_passengers = passengers.combination(capacity-1).first |
76 current_path, current_score = Trip.anneal_path(driver, current_passengers, destination, distances, Math.exp(capacity).ceil) |
77 best_path, best_score = Array.new(current_path), current_score |
78 # Keep track of number of evaluations and stop when it reachs a limit |
79 max_evaluations = Math.exp(passengers.length).ceil |
80 num_evaluations = 1 |
81 # Anneal through a schedule as follows |
82 Trip.anneal_schedule(10, 0.9999) { |temp| |
83 done = false |
84 Trip.all_combinations(passengers, current_passengers, capacity) { |new_passengers| |
85 # Check to see if we hit the maximum amount of evaluations |
86 if num_evaluations >= max_evaluations |
87 done = true |
88 break |
89 end |
90 num_evaluations += 1 |
91 # Otherwise, anneal a new path from the new combination of passengers |
92 new_path, new_score = Trip.anneal_path(driver, new_passengers, destination, distances, Math.exp(capacity).ceil) |
93 # Determine the probability of choosing this new_path |
94 new_prob = Trip.anneal_probability(current_score, new_score, temp) |
95 # Save the best path and score |
96 if best_score > new_score |
97 best_path, best_score = Array.new(new_path), new_score |
98 end |
99 if rand < new_prob |
100 current_passengers, current_path, current_score = new_passengers, new_path, new_score |
101 break |
102 end |
103 } |
104 if done |
105 break |
106 end |
107 } |
108 end |
109 return best_path[1..capacity-1] |
110 end |
111 |
112 # all_combinations is a helper for anneal_passengers |
113 def self.all_combinations(passengers, current_combination, capacity) |
114 # Yield combinations in a random order |
115 passenger_combinations = passengers.combination(capacity-1).to_a.shuffle |
116 for passenger_combination in passenger_combinations |
117 if passenger_combination != current_combination |
118 yield passenger_combination |
119 end |
120 end |
121 end |
122 |
123 def self.anneal_path(driver, passengers, destination, distances, max_evaluations) |
124 # Check to see if there's only one passenger |
125 if passengers.length <= 1 |
126 # If so, return the only route possible |
127 best_path = [driver] + passengers + [destination] |
128 best_score = Trip.path_score(best_path, distances) |
129 else |
130 # Otherwise, anneal to find the an optimal path |
131 current_path = [driver] + passengers.shuffle + [destination] |
132 current_score = Trip.path_score(current_path, distances) |
133 best_path, best_score = Array.new(current_path), current_score |
134 # Keep track of number of evaluations |
135 num_evaluations = 1 |
136 # Anneal through a schedule as follows |
137 Trip.anneal_schedule(10, 0.9999) { |temp| |
138 done = false |
139 Trip.all_permutations(passengers, current_path[1..current_path.length-2]) { |new_path| |
140 # Check to see if we hit maximum evaluations |
141 if num_evaluations >= max_evaluations |
142 done = true |
143 break |
144 end |
145 # Otherwise, generate a new path |
146 num_evaluations += 1 |
147 new_path = [driver] + new_path + [destination] |
148 new_score = Trip.path_score(new_path, distances) |
149 # Determine the probability of this new path |
150 new_prob = Trip.anneal_probability(current_score, new_score, temp) |
151 # Save the best path and score |
152 if best_score > new_score |
153 best_path, best_score = Array.new(new_path), new_score |
154 end |
155 if rand < new_prob |
156 current_path, current_score = new_path, new_score |
157 break |
158 end |
159 } |
160 if done |
161 break |
162 end |
163 } |
164 end |
165 return [best_path, best_score] |
166 end |
167 |
168 # all_permutations is a helper for anneal_passengers |
169 def self.all_permutations(passengers, current_permutation) |
170 # Yield permutations in random order |
171 passenger_permutations = passengers.permutation(passengers.length).to_a.shuffle |
172 for passenger_permutation in passenger_permutations |
173 if passenger_permutation != current_permutation |
174 yield passenger_permutation |
175 end |
176 end |
177 end |
178 |
179 # path_score returns the score (i.e. distance) of a path |
180 def self.path_score(path, distances) |
181 # Returns the total distance of a given path |
182 total_distance = 0 |
183 num_points = path.length |
184 0.upto(num_points-2) { |index| |
185 total_distance += distances[[path[index], path[index+1]]] |
186 } |
187 return total_distance |
188 end |
189 |
190 # anneal_schedule is a helper method for both anneal_passengers and anneal_path |
191 def self.anneal_schedule(temp, alpha) |
192 # Yield a schedule for annealing |
193 while true |
194 yield temp |
195 temp = alpha*temp |
196 end |
197 end |
198 |
199 # anneal_probability is a helper method for both anneal_passengers and anneal_path |
200 def self.anneal_probability(previous, current, temperature) |
201 # Returns a probability |
202 if current > previous |
203 return 1.0 |
204 else |
205 return Math.exp(-((current-previous).abs)/temperature) |
206 end |
207 end |
208 |
209 def self.distance_matrix(address_list) |
210 # Returns a distance matrix between all addresses |
211 distances = Hash.new |
212 address_list.each_with_index { |address_1, index_1| |
213 address_list.each_with_index { |address_2, index_2| |
214 if distances.has_key?([index_2, index_1]) |
215 distances[[index_1, index_2]] = distances[[index_2, index_1]] |
216 else |
217 address_1_coord, address_2_coord = Geocoder.fetch_coordinates(address_1), Geocoder.fetch_coordinates(address_2) |
218 distances[[index_1, index_2]] = Geocoder.distance_between(address_1_coord[0], address_1_coord[1], address_2_coord[0], address_2_coord[1]) |
219 end |
220 } |
221 } |
222 return distances |
223 end |
224 end |
Generated on 2010-11-22 21:31:46 -0800 with rcov 0.9.8


BusMall is a catalog of assorted high-markup products provided
to a captive audience seeking a mental escape from the drudgery
of travel. please choose which product, of the three displayed images,
that they would be most likely to purchase. you have 25 tries.


Adopt a Kitten
Kittens Available for Adoption:
KittensForm
Name:
Likes:
isGoodWithCats
isGoodWithDogs
isGoodWithKids


1
### Surat Al-Fātiĥah -
سورة الفاتحة
Sahih International
In the name of Allah , the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
Sahih International
[All] praise is [due] to Allah , Lord of the worlds -
Sahih International
The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,
Sahih International
Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.
Sahih International
It is You we worship and You we ask for help.


Shivam SharmaSoftware Engineer Data Science Enthusiast. I am software engineer and Data Science Enthusiast. I ❤ coffe and Make new friends if you want to learn Data Science Buy this Book here |
| Dates | Work |
|---|---|
| 2010-2013 | Lead Developer at Temp App |
| 2010 | Researcher at the Institute of Coginitive Neuroscience |
| Core Java | 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 |
| Data Structure and Algorithm Design | 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 |
| Machine Learning | 🌟🌟🌟 |
| DataBase Management System | 🌟🌟🌟 |
| Python | 🌟🌟🌟 |
| Learning Web Development | 🌟 |


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This text is shown from the start, but is collapsable.


Documentation of Financial Time Series Prediction¶
Project¶
This code repository pertains to the seminar project titled “Using Machine Learning for Empirical Asset Pricing”, supervised by Patrick Jaquart at the chair of Information & Market Engineering at KIT (winter semester 2019/20).
The project aims to predict the excess returns for a defined asset universe by means of advanced machine learning methods such as LSTM Networks and Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees and to devise derived trading strategies to capitalize on opportunities for arbitrage.
This work extends the previous work by [KRAUSS2018] and [KRAUSS2017].
Overview¶
Indices and tables¶
References¶
- Fischer, Thomas; Krauss, Christopher (2018).
Deep learning with long short-term memory networks for financial market predictions. European Journal of Operational Research 270 (2), S. 654–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.054.
- Krauss, Christopher; Do, Xuan Anh; Huck, Nicolas (2017).
Deep neural networks, gradient-boosted trees, random forests: Statistical arbitrage on the S&P 500. European Journal of Operational Research 259 (2), S. 689–702. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.10.031.


html5.parallax.js is a Jquery Plugin base on HTML5.
It with Stellar, Mousewheel and Easing to make a customized scrolling animation.
Combined the CSS3 effect to go to accomplish what you need a parallax scrolling effect.
First, we need to setting $(element).parallScroll() against the element.
$("body").parallScroll(); //Start in a Tag
$("#myContainer").parallScroll(settings, selector); //Start the plugin
settings = Plugin setting selector = Element name
useEasing://boolean to using Easing effect (def: true)
interval://interval of scrolling page (def: 25)
scrollLimit://right scroll limit (def: 8000)
scrollRatio://rate ratio of scrolling page (def: 500)
naviRatio://rate ratio of navigation bar clicked (def: 800)
naviLocate://navigation's id name & starting position
For Example : { navi_demo: 0, navi_start: 100 }
scrollAxis://Set scrolling axis (def: 'x')
horiScroll://Set scrolling to be horizontal scrolling (def: true)
vertiScroll://Set scrolling to be vertical scrolling (def: true)
response://Refreshes parallax content on window load and resize (def: false)
parallaxB://Enable or disable the Backgrounds of parallax (def: true)
parallaxE://Enable or disable the Elements of parallax (def: true)
hideElem://Hide parallax elements that move outside the viewport (def: true)
hideType://Customise hidden (def: function($elem){$elem.fadeOut()})
showType://Customise shown (def: function($elem){$elem.show()})
refValueW://The reference value of browser width (def: $(window).width())
refValueH://The reference value of browser height (def: $(window).height())
navId://setting the navigation name to plugin (def: '#navi')
formula://proportional Formula
For Example : function(a, b){ return Math.round(a / b * 100) / 100; }
then :
A + B + C == FINE
A +(B or C) == FINE
but :
A + B + B == ERROR
A + C + C == ERROR
Html5.parallax.js provides to any element to setting the custom animation in scrolling.
When you setting the element as below : ( For example Frame Action )
//Element Image
As above,
data-stellar-ratio provides parallax scrolling,
data-frame provides parallax action
and
data-animated provides the CSS3 animation effects.
No.1 All parameters are setting in pixel ( No accept percent )
when resize the window will auto calculate relative pixel
No.2 data-init-* is a action initialized setting
No.3 data-init-dist setting the start position of animation ( Pixel )
No.4 data-action-* is a customise animation setting
No.5 data-action-direct setting the Direction of animation ( Boolean )
No.6 data-action-axis setting the Axis of animation ( Boolean )
No.7 sdist & edist exist in all action ( sdist def: 0 ) ( edist def: window scope )
NOTE! window scope is Width in horizontal scroll and Height in vertical
rotate : animation trigger angle
speed : animation rotate speed
direct : animation direction in scrolling
dist : animation position
sdist : animation starting position
scale : animation starting size
speed : animation speed in distance
resize : each scaling size
direct : animation direction in scrolling
max : animation scaling maximum size
min : animation scaling minimum size
"direct":"0", "max":"2", "min":"1"}'
dist : animation position
sdist : animation starting position
now : currently animation frame
next : next animation frame
speed : animation speed in distance
dist : animation position
sdist : animation starting position
speed : animation speed in distance
clip : each adjustment of mask clip
direct : animation direction in scrolling
axis : animation axis in scrolling
"direct":"1", "axis":"1"}'
// Exist when using a custom mask image
speed : animation Moving speed
direct : animation direction in scrolling
axis : animation axis in scrolling
dist : animation position
sdist : animation starting position
posi : animation ending position
speed : animation Moving speed
moving : each moving distance of image
direct : animation direction in scrolling
max : animation scaling maximum position
min : animation scaling minimum position
"direct":"1", "max":"320", "min":"140"}'


I'm an associate professor at COLTEC/UFMG, responsible for lecturing Software Engineering and Software Development courses focused on Web and
Mobile platforms.
Also, I'm a member of the Applied Software Engineering Research Group (aSERG), where we conduct empirical
research in software engineering.
My research topics cover software maintenance and evolution, mining software repositories, and empirical
software engineering.
Academic
Important note: The copyrights for the following papers belong to the publishers.
Papers may be downloaded for personal or research purposes only.
Publications
Unboxing Default Argument Breaking Changes in Scikit Learn
João Eduardo Montandon, Luciana Lourdes Silva, Cristiano Politowski, Ghizlane El Boussaidi and Marco Tulio Valente
23rd IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM). 2023.
TechSpaces: Identifying and Clustering Popular Programming Technologies
Guilherme Miranda, João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Túlio Valente.
16th Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse (SBCARS). 2022.
On the Documentation of Self-Admitted Technical Debt in Issues
Laerte Xavier, Joao Eduardo Montandon, Fabio Ferreira, Rodrigo Brito, Marco Tulio Valente.
Empirical Software Engineering. 2022.
Mining the Technical Skills of Open Source Developers
João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Túlio Valente.
Thesis and Dissertations Contest (CTD), Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). 2022.
Comments or Issues: Where to Document Technical Debt?
Laerte Xavier, João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente.
IEEE Software. 2022.
Video Game Project Management Anti-patterns
Gabriel Ullmann, Cristiano Politowski, Fábio Petrillo, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc, João Eduardo Montandon.
Workshop on Games and Software Engineering (GAS), International Conference on Software Engineering. 2022.
What skills do IT companies look for in new developers? A study with Stack Overflow jobs
João Eduardo Montandon, Cristiano Politowski, Luciana Lourdes Silva, Marco Túlio Valente, Fábio
Petrillo, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc. Information and Software Technology (IST). 2021.
Mining the Technical Roles of GitHub Users
João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente, Luciana Lourdes Silva
Information and Software Technology (IST). 2021.
Are Game Engines Software Frameworks? A three-perspective study
Cristiano Politowski, Fábio Petrillo, João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc.
Journal of Systems and Software (JSS). 2021.
Identifying Experts in Software Libraries and Frameworks among GitHub Users
João Eduardo Montandon, Luciana Lourdes Silva, Marco Tulio Valente
16th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR). 2019.
Resultados da Primeira Rede de Sensores de Auscultação de Barragens Sem Fio, Autonômica e de Baixo Custo da Cemig GT
Cunha, A. B. ; Gontijo, A. F. ; Braga, A. R. ; Montandon, J. E. ; Lima, D. P. ; Brandão, D. A. L. ; Maciel, P. H. A. ;
Pinto, V. M. M. ; Melo, A. V. ; Caliman, E. H. ; Andrade, J. S.
IX Congresso de Inovação Tecnológica em Energia Elétrica. 2017.
APIMiner 2.0: Uma Plataforma para Recomendação de Exemplos de Uso de APIs Baseados em Padrões de Uso
Hudson Silva Borges, João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente, Heitor Costa, Daniel Felix
IIV Congresso Brasileiro de Software: Teoria e Prática (Sessão de Ferramentas). 2013.
Documenting APIs with Examples: Lessons Learned with the APIMiner Platform
João Eduardo Montandon, Hudson Borges, Daniel Felix, Marco Tulio Valente
20th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE), Practice Track. 2013.
APIMiner: Uma Plataforma para Recomendação de Exemplos de Uso de APIs
João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente
III Congresso Brasileiro de Software: Teoria e Prática, sessão de ferramentas. 2012.
Static Correspondence and Correlation between Field Defects and Warnings Reported by a Bug Finding Tool
César F. M. Couto, João Eduardo Montandon, Christopher Silva, Marco Tulio Valente
Software Quality Journal (SQJ). 2012.
Avaliação da Relevância dos Warnings Reportados por Ferramentas de Análise Estática
João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Tulio Valente
XXX Concurso de Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica (CTIC). 2011.
Study on the Relevance of the Warnings Reported by Java Bug-Finding Tools
João Eduardo Montandon, César F. M. Couto, Silvio José de Souza, Marco Tulio Valente
IET Software. 2011.
Um Estudo sobre a Correlação entre Defeitos de Campo e Warnings Reportados por uma Ferramenta de Análise Estática
João Eduardo Montandon, César F. M. Couto, Silvio José de Souza, Marco Tulio Valente
IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software (SBQS). 2010.
Os Defeitos Detectados pela Ferramenta de Análise Estática FindBugs são Relevantes?
João Eduardo Montandon, Silvio José de Souza, Marco Tulio Valente
IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Qualidade de Software (SBQS). 2010.
Uma Meta-Ferramenta para Detecção de Defeitos
Silvio José de Souza, João Eduardo Montandon, Marco Túlio Valente
VII Workshop de Manutenção de Software Moderna (WMSM). 2010.
Thesis & Dissertation
Mining the Technical Skills of Open Source Developers
João Eduardo Montandon, PhD. thesis, Computer Science Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais (DCC/UFMG). 2021.
Documenting Application Programming Intefaces with Source Code Examples
João Eduardo Montandon, Msc. dissertation, Computer Science Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais
(DCC/UFMG). 2013.
Honors & Awards
2022
2nd Best Thesis
2022
Best Thesis Finalist
2018
Honored professor
2016
Honored professor
2011
Best Undergrad Research Finalist
2010
Best paper
Teaching
Here you can find basic info about the courses I am responsible for.
Classes are in portuguese, but you can find a small description about them below.
Programação Orientada a Objetos Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Java
In this course, I provide in-depth instruction on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, with a strong emphasis on the Java programming language.
Offered at: 2023—2021
Desenvolvimento de Aplicativos Android Mobile App Development: Android
Mobile
Android
Java
In this course the students learn the fundamental concepts needed for developing mobile applications on the Android platform.
Also, students are encouraged to look for real-world problems and how a mobile app solution can help solving them.
Offered at: 2023—2021
Desenvolvimento de Aplicações Web Web Applications Development
Frontend
Backend
Database
REST
The objective of this course is to teach the fundamental principles in web application development.
The idea is to expose the students to concepts, techniques, technologies, and platforms necessary to create such applications from scratch.
Offered at: 2023—2021, 2018—2014
Técnicas de Desenvolvimento de Software Software Development Techniques
Software Engineering
Git
Software Architecture
TDD
In this course, I teach software development techniques we frequently use when implemeting computer programs.
We assume the students are aware of the main software design concepts, so we can focus on the techniques to effectively implement and maintain any kind of software.
Offered at: 2023—2021
Introdução a Programação Introduction to Programming
algorithms
programming
C
This course starts by introducing problem-solving concepts and how to use algorithms to solve them.
Later, we start by practicing these concepts in a real programming language (C).
Offered at: 2018—2014
Get in Touch
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Colégio Técnico - Room 237
Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha
31270-010 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
Phone: 55-31-3409-2519 - Fax: 55-31-3409-4962
E-mail: jemaf@ufmg.br


Chlorine
Element Name:
Chlorine
Latin Name:
Chloros
Atomic Number:
17
Atomic Weight:
35.453 u
Is a:
Halogen
State of the element:
Gaseous
About:
Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale, behind only oxygen and fluorine.
Electrons
17
Protons
17
Neutrons
18
Discoverer:
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovered in:
1774


I am Yohei Kubo, Web and Software developer, started the career as an accounting and tax consultant in Japan. After 10 years, I changed my career as a developer to change my life in the USA. My new career just get started and continue to evolve.
Hard Skills
Soft Skills
Comming soon...


After poking around the internet one day, I stumbled upon Morning Glory, and I quickly found out easy it was to obtain Morning Glory seeds. Following this, I spent several days reading just about every trip report available on Morning Glory. In a few days my school was going to have a nice five day weekend, and I had been reading about all kinds of hallucinogenic substances like mushrooms, DMT, Salvia, and so on and I thought that this would be the perfect oppurtunity for myself to experience something completely new and mind blowing.
Tuesday:
I visited my local Home Depot in search of morning glory seeds but found nothing. Next I decided to go straight to an actual garden center and try my luck. I was a little worried they might not have flower seeds this late in the season (October), but I found exactly what I was looking for. I bought 6 packs, 1.5g each, and noticed the words 'Untreated' were printed on the back so I was immediately excited about this thinking I wouldn't have to worry about the nausea I had read about in so many reports.
Wednesday:
6 pm - I ate dinner.
8:45 pm - Thinking rather superbly of my 'untreated' morning glory seeds, I decided to forgoe all cleansing/washing and extraction processes and eat the seeds straight from the pack. I counted out that I had about 260 seeds (each 1.5g pack ranged from 35 seeds to 50 seeds) and began munching on the little black things and washing them down with Mountain Dew.
9:30 pm - I only had about 45 seeds left and my stomach was beginning to curse me a bit so I took two chewable Peptos.
9:35 pm - Went to bathroom and dry heaved! (untreated DOES NOT MEAN NO NAUSEA) Cool. Exactly like puking but nothing came out.  I'm going to die.' My heart was beating rather rapidly and I was panicking. Five minutes later the nausea receded to a comfortable level and I calmed myself down.
10:15 pm - Nausea is 95% gone, (the taste of the seeds remained in my mouth until the next day, but I never vomitted thankfully) and my body feels amazing! The feeling was similar to a really good high without the cloudy confusing thoughts. My whole body feels good and I'm pretty relaxed.
10:30 pm - I notice my lower vision field is strobing like crazy.  I'm pretty sure I stared at myself in the mirror for a good half an hour watching different features of my face morph around. One particularly interesting thing happened was all of a sudden I had 3 eyes and then I had 4 blinking functioning eyes. I considered the idea that I might be just going crosseyed, but my vision was perfectly focused unlike when I go crosseyed where I can't seem to focus my vision. I layed down on my bed staring at my ceiling fan and I noticed the fan was now part of the ceiling, it had somehow gotten into the ceiling and was still spinning. This was as confusing as it was amazing to look at. My digital clock is providing me with some neat tracers also.
12:30 am - I went outside with my dog so it could eliminate and the sky seemed close and non-infinite, the stars were moving pleasantly back and forth and I just filled my brain with pleasant thoughts of how fun this whole experience was. I thought the experience was nearing its end but i ended up riding the peak for atleast another hour and a half. When I got back to my room my door seemed extremely large and for some reason scared me a bit.
 I reasoned that nobody is ever born and that everybody exists always. A persons mind creates changes through out life and your surroundings, and other minds tell a person the things they cannot remember.  I can't remember the exact details of this mind blowing train of thought and now, a week later, I'm not even sure if the above is exactly what i was thinking, but rather something similar to it.
2 am - I flipped on the TV to some infomercial featuring Daisy Fuentes but it was really intense for some reason and I couldn't handle it. It was hurting my brain; I can't quite explain this feeling. I went to the bathroom to take a wiz and as soon as i flipped the light switch on everything was crazy. The tiled walls were filled with various colors, but I was by now extremely tired and was almost wishing this would end so I could get some sleep. I realized I couldn't really control this, which left me a little uneasy, and decided to go lay down and, well, lay there.
Around 3 am - Sleep.
The next morning I woke up with no apparent side effects.  A few thoughts were unsettling but over all I just relished in the experiences I had been through last night. Now that I've experienced a completely new experience I wonder about people who never try any sort of hallucinogen and what they are missing in life, what they never see and what they'll never experience or know. I'm glad I tried these wonderful Morning Glory seeds. And I warn all that are curious, UNTREATED DOES NOT MEAN NO NAUSEA.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Authentication
- Introduction
- Authentication Quickstart
- Manually Authenticating Users
- HTTP Basic Authentication
- Logging Out
- Password Confirmation
- Adding Custom Guards
- Adding Custom User Providers
- Social Authentication
- Events
Introduction
Many web applications provide a way for their users to authenticate with the application and "login". Implementing this feature in web applications can be a complex and potentially risky endeavor. For this reason, Laravel strives to give you the tools you need to implement authentication quickly, securely, and easily.
At its core, Laravel's authentication facilities are made up of "guards" and "providers". Guards define how users are authenticated for each request. For example, Laravel ships with a session
guard which maintains state using session storage and cookies.
Providers define how users are retrieved from your persistent storage. Laravel ships with support for retrieving users using Eloquent and the database query builder. However, you are free to define additional providers as needed for your application.
Your application's authentication configuration file is located at config/auth.php
. This file contains several well documented options for tweaking the behavior of Laravel's authentication services.
Starter Kits
Want to get started fast? Install a Laravel application starter kit in a fresh Laravel application. After migrating your database, navigate your browser to /register
or any other URL that is assigned to your application. The starter kits will take care of scaffolding your entire authentication system!
Even if you choose to not use a starter kit in your final Laravel application, installing the Laravel Breeze starter kit can be a wonderful opportunity to learn how to implement all of Laravel's authentication functionality in an actual Laravel project. Since Laravel Breeze creates authentication controllers, routes, and views for you, you can examine the code within these files to learn how Laravel's authentication features may be implemented.
Database Considerations
By default, Laravel includes an App\Models\User
Eloquent model in your app/Models
directory. This model may be used with the default Eloquent authentication driver. If your application is not using Eloquent, you may use the database
authentication provider which uses the Laravel query builder.
When building the database schema for the App\Models\User
model, make sure the password column is at least 60 characters in length. Of course, the users
table migration that is included in new Laravel applications already creates a column that exceeds this length.
Also, you should verify that your users
(or equivalent) table contains a nullable, string remember_token
column of 100 characters. This column will be used to store a token for users that select the "remember me" option when logging into your application. Again, the default users
table migration that is included in new Laravel applications already contains this column.
Ecosystem Overview
Laravel offers several packages related to authentication. Before continuing, we'll review the general authentication ecosystem in Laravel and discuss each package's intended purpose.
First, consider how authentication works. When using a web browser, a user will provide their username and password via a login form. If these credentials are correct, the application will store information about the authenticated user in the user's session. A cookie issued to the browser contains the session ID so that subsequent requests to the application can associate the user with the correct session. After the session cookie is received, the application will retrieve the session data based on the session ID, note that the authentication information has been stored in the session, and will consider the user as "authenticated".
When a remote service needs to authenticate to access an API, cookies are not typically used for authentication because there is no web browser. Instead, the remote service sends an API token to the API on each request. The application may validate the incoming token against a table of valid API tokens and "authenticate" the request as being performed by the user associated with that API token.
Laravel's Built-in Browser Authentication Services
Laravel includes built-in authentication and session services which are typically accessed via the Auth
and Session
facades. These features provide cookie based authentication for requests that are initiated from web browsers. They provide methods that allow you to verify a user's credentials and authenticate the user. In addition, these services will automatically store the proper authentication data in the user's session and issue the user's session cookie. A discussion of how to use these services is contained within this documentation.
Application Starter Kits
As discussed in this documentation, you can interact with these authentication services manually to build your application's own authentication layer. However, to help you get started more quickly, we have released free packages that provide robust, modern scaffolding of the entire authentication layer.html. These packages are Laravel Breeze, Laravel Jetstream, and Laravel Fortify.
Laravel Breeze is a simple, minimal implementation of all of Laravel's authentication features, including login, registration, password reset, email verification, and password confirmation. Laravel Breeze's view layer is comprised of simple Blade templates styled with Tailwind CSS. To get started, check out the documentation on Laravel's application starter kits.
Laravel Fortify is a headless authentication backend for Laravel that implements many of the features found in this documentation, including cookie-based authentication as well as other features such as two-factor authentication and email verification. Fortify provides the authentication backend for Laravel Jetstream or may be used independently in combination with Laravel Sanctum to provide authentication for an SPA that needs to authenticate with Laravel.
Laravel Jetstream is a robust application starter kit that consumes and exposes Laravel Fortify's authentication services with a beautiful, modern UI powered by Tailwind CSS, Livewire, and / or Inertia.js. Laravel Jetstream includes optional support for two-factor authentication, team support, browser session management, profile management, and built-in integration with Laravel Sanctum to offer API token authentication. Laravel's API authentication offerings are discussed below.
Laravel's API Authentication Services
Laravel provides two optional packages to assist you in managing API tokens and authenticating requests made with API tokens: Passport and Sanctum. Please note that these libraries and Laravel's built-in cookie based authentication libraries are not mutually exclusive. These libraries primarily focus on API token authentication while the built-in authentication services focus on cookie based browser authentication. Many applications will use both Laravel's built-in cookie based authentication services and one of Laravel's API authentication packages.
Passport
Passport is an OAuth2 authentication provider, offering a variety of OAuth2 "grant types" which allow you to issue various types of tokens. In general, this is a robust and complex package for API authentication. However, most applications do not require the complex features offered by the OAuth2 spec, which can be confusing for both users and developers. In addition, developers have been historically confused about how to authenticate SPA applications or mobile applications using OAuth2 authentication providers like Passport.
Sanctum
In response to the complexity of OAuth2 and developer confusion, we set out to build a simpler, more streamlined authentication package that could handle both first-party web requests from a web browser and API requests via tokens. This goal was realized with the release of Laravel Sanctum, which should be considered the preferred and recommended authentication package for applications that will be offering a first-party web UI in addition to an API, or will be powered by a single-page application (SPA) that exists separately from the backend Laravel application, or applications that offer a mobile client.
Laravel Sanctum is a hybrid web / API authentication package that can manage your application's entire authentication process. This is possible because when Sanctum based applications receive a request, Sanctum will first determine if the request includes a session cookie that references an authenticated session. Sanctum accomplishes this by calling Laravel's built-in authentication services which we discussed earlier. If the request is not being authenticated via a session cookie, Sanctum will inspect the request for an API token. If an API token is present, Sanctum will authenticate the request using that token. To learn more about this process, please consult Sanctum's "how it works" documentation.
Laravel Sanctum is the API package we have chosen to include with the Laravel Jetstream application starter kit because we believe it is the best fit for the majority of web application's authentication needs.
Summary & Choosing Your Stack
In summary, if your application will be accessed using a browser and you are building a monolithic Laravel application, your application will use Laravel's built-in authentication services.
Next, if your application offers an API that will be consumed by third parties, you will choose between Passport or Sanctum to provide API token authentication for your application. In general, Sanctum should be preferred when possible since it is a simple, complete solution for API authentication, SPA authentication, and mobile authentication, including support for "scopes" or "abilities".
If you are building a single-page application (SPA) that will be powered by a Laravel backend. You should use Laravel Sanctum.html. When using Sanctum, you will either need to manually implement your own backend authentication routes or utilize Laravel Fortify as a headless authentication backend service that provides routes and controllers for features such as registration, password reset, email verification, and more.
Passport may be chosen when your application absolutely needs all of the features provided by the OAuth2 specification.
And, if you would like to get started quickly, we are pleased to recommend Laravel Jetstream as a quick way to start a new Laravel application that already uses our preferred authentication stack of Laravel's built-in authentication services and Laravel Sanctum.
Authentication Quickstart
{note} This portion of the documentation discusses authenticating users via the Laravel application starter kits, which includes UI scaffolding to help you get started quickly.html. If you would like to integrate with Laravel's authentication systems directly, check out the documentation on manually authenticating users.
Install A Starter Kit
First, you should install a Laravel application starter kit. Our current starter kits, Laravel Breeze and Laravel Jetstream, offer beautifully designed starting points for incorporating authentication into your fresh Laravel application.
Laravel Breeze is a minimal, simple implementation of all of Laravel's authentication features, including login, registration, password reset, email verification, and password confirmation. Laravel Breeze's view layer is made up of simple Blade templates styled with Tailwind CSS.
Laravel Jetstream is a more robust application starter kit that includes support for scaffolding your application with Livewire or Inertia.js and Vue. In addition, Jetstream features optional support for two-factor authentication, teams, profile management, browser session management, API support via Laravel Sanctum, account deletion, and more.
Retrieving The Authenticated User
After installing an authentication starter kit and allowing users to register and authenticate with your application, you will often need to interact with the currently authenticated user. While handling an incoming request, you may access the authenticated user via the Auth
facade's user
method:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
// Retrieve the currently authenticated user...
$user = Auth::user();
// Retrieve the currently authenticated user's ID...
$id = Auth::id();
Alternatively, once a user is authenticated, you may access the authenticated user via an Illuminate\Http\Request
instance. Remember, type-hinted classes will automatically be injected into your controller methods. By type-hinting the Illuminate\Http\Request
object, you may gain convenient access to the authenticated user from any controller method in your application via the request's user
method:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class FlightController extends Controller
{
/**
* Update the flight information for an existing flight.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function update(Request $request)
{
// $request->user()
}
}
Determining If The Current User Is Authenticated
To determine if the user making the incoming HTTP request is authenticated, you may use the check
method on the Auth
facade. This method will return true
if the user is authenticated:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
if (Auth::check()) {
// The user is logged in...
}
{tip} Even though it is possible to determine if a user is authenticated using the
check
method, you will typically use a middleware to verify that the user is authenticated before allowing the user access to certain routes / controllers. To learn more about this, check out the documentation on protecting routes.
Protecting Routes
Route middleware can be used to only allow authenticated users to access a given route. Laravel ships with an auth
middleware, which references the Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate
class. Since this middleware is already registered in your application's HTTP kernel, all you need to do is attach the middleware to a route definition:
Route::get('/flights', function () {
// Only authenticated users may access this route...
})->middleware('auth');
Redirecting Unauthenticated Users
When the auth
middleware detects an unauthenticated user, it will redirect the user to the login
named route. You may modify this behavior by updating the redirectTo
function in your application's app/Http/Middleware/Authenticate.php
file:
/**
* Get the path the user should be redirected to.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return string
*/
protected function redirectTo($request)
{
return route('login');
}
Specifying A Guard
When attaching the auth
middleware to a route, you may also specify which "guard" should be used to authenticate the user. The guard specified should correspond to one of the keys in the guards
array of your auth.php
configuration file:
Route::get('/flights', function () {
// Only authenticated users may access this route...
})->middleware('auth:admin');
Login Throttling
If you are using the Laravel Breeze or Laravel Jetstream starter kits, rate limiting will automatically be applied to login attempts. By default, the user will not be able to login for one minute if they fail to provide the correct credentials after several attempts. The throttling is unique to the user's username / email address and their IP address.
{tip} If you would like to rate limit other routes in your application, check out the rate limiting documentation.
Manually Authenticating Users
You are not required to use the authentication scaffolding included with Laravel's application starter kits. If you choose to not use this scaffolding, you will need to manage user authentication using the Laravel authentication classes directly. Don't worry, it's a cinch!
We will access Laravel's authentication services via the Auth
facade, so we'll need to make sure to import the Auth
facade at the top of the class.html. Next, let's check out the attempt
method. The attempt
method is normally used to handle authentication attempt's from your application's "login" form. If authentication is successful, you should regenerate the user's session to prevent session fixation:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
class LoginController extends Controller
{
/**
* Handle an authentication attempt.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function authenticate(Request $request)
{
$credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');
if (Auth::attempt($credentials)) {
$request->session()->regenerate();
return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
}
return back()->withErrors([
'email' => 'The provided credentials do not match our records.',
]);
}
}
The attempt
method accepts an array of key / value pairs as its first argument. The values in the array will be used to find the user in your database table. So, in the example above, the user will be retrieved by the value of the email
column. If the user is found, the hashed password stored in the database will be compared with the password
value passed to the method via the array. You should not hash the incoming request's password
value, since the framework will automatically hash the value before comparing it to the hashed password in the database. If the two hashed passwords match an authenticated session will be started for the user.
Remember, Laravel's authentication services will retrieve users from your database based on your authentication guard's "provider" configuration. In the default config/auth.php
configuration file, the Eloquent user provider is specified and it is instructed to use the App\Models\User
model when retrieving users. You may change these values within your configuration file based on the needs of your application.
The attempt
method will return true
if authentication was successful. Otherwise, false
will be returned.
The intended
method provided by Laravel's redirector will redirect the user to the URL they were attempting to access before being intercepted by the authentication middleware. A fallback URI may be given to this method in case the intended destination is not available.
Specifying Additional Conditions
If you wish, you may also add extra query conditions to the authentication query in addition to the user's email and password. To accomplish this, we may simply add the query conditions to the array passed to the attempt
method. For example, we may verify that the user is marked as "active":
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password, 'active' => 1])) {
// Authentication was successful...
}
{note} In these examples,
Accessing Specific Guard Instances
Via the Auth
facade's guard
method, you may specify which guard instance you would like to utilize when authenticating the user. This allows you to manage authentication for separate parts of your application using entirely separate authenticatable models or user tables.
The guard name passed to the guard
method should correspond to one of the guards configured in your auth.php
configuration file:
if (Auth::guard('admin')->attempt($credentials)) {
// ...
}
Remembering Users
Many web applications provide a "remember me" checkbox on their login form. If you would like to provide "remember me" functionality in your application, you may pass a boolean value as the second argument to the attempt
method.
When this value is true
, Laravel will keep the user authenticated indefinitely or until they manually logout. Your users
table must include the string remember_token
column, which will be used to store the "remember me" token. The users
table migration included with new Laravel applications already includes this column:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password], $remember)) {
// The user is being remembered...
}
Other Authentication Methods
Authenticate A User Instance
If you need to set an existing user instance as the currently authenticated user, you may pass the user instance to the Auth
facade's login
method. The given user instance must be an implementation of the Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
contract. The App\Models\User
model included with Laravel already implements this interface. This method of authentication is useful when you already have a valid user instance, such as directly after a user registers with your application:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
Auth::login($user);
You may pass a boolean value as the second argument to the login
method. This value indicates if "remember me" functionality is desired for the authenticated session. Remember, this means that the session will be authenticated indefinitely or until the user manually logs out of the application:
Auth::login($user, $remember = true);
If needed, you may specify an authentication guard before calling the login
method:
Auth::guard('admin')->login($user);
Authenticate A User By ID
To authenticate a user using their database record's primary key, you may use the loginUsingId
method. This method accepts the primary key of the user you wish to authenticate:
Auth::loginUsingId(1);
You may pass a boolean value as the second argument to the loginUsingId
method. This value indicates if "remember me" functionality is desired for the authenticated session. Remember, this means that the session will be authenticated indefinitely or until the user manually logs out of the application:
Auth::loginUsingId(1, $remember = true);
Authenticate A User Once
You may use the once
method to authenticate a user with the application for a single request. No sessions or cookies will be utilized when calling this method:
if (Auth::once($credentials)) {
//
}
HTTP Basic Authentication
HTTP Basic Authentication provides a quick way to authenticate users of your application without setting up a dedicated "login" page. To get started, attach the auth.basic
middleware to a route. The auth.basic
middleware is included with the Laravel framework, so you do not need to define it:
Route::get('/profile', function () {
// Only authenticated users may access this route...
})->middleware('auth.basic');
Once the middleware has been attached to the route, you will automatically be prompted for credentials when accessing the route in your browser. By default, the auth.basic
middleware will assume the email
column on your users
database table is the user's "username".
A Note On FastCGI
If you are using PHP FastCGI and Apache to serve your Laravel application, HTTP Basic authentication may not work correctly. To correct these problems, the following lines may be added to your application's .htaccess
file:
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} ^(.+)$
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
Stateless HTTP Basic Authentication
You may also use HTTP Basic Authentication without setting a user identifier cookie in the session. This is primarily helpful if you choose to use HTTP Authentication to authenticate requests to your application's API. To accomplish this, define a middleware that calls the onceBasic
method. If no response is returned by the onceBasic
method, the request may be passed further into the application:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
class AuthenticateOnceWithBasicAuth
{
/**
* Handle an incoming request.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param \Closure $next
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle($request, $next)
{
return Auth::onceBasic() ?: $next($request);
}
}
Next, register the route middleware and attach it to a route:
Route::get('/api/user', function () {
// Only authenticated users may access this route...
})->middleware('auth.basic.once');
Logging Out
To manually log users out of your application, you may use the logout
method provided by the Auth
facade. This will remove the authentication information from the user's session so that subsequent requests are not authenticated.
In addition to calling the logout
method, it is recommended that you invalidate the user's session and regenerate their CSRF token. After logging the user out, you would typically redirect the user to the root of your application:
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
/**
* Log the user out of the application.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
*/
public function logout(Request $request)
{
Auth::logout();
$request->session()->invalidate();
$request->session()->regenerateToken();
return redirect('/');
}
Invalidating Sessions On Other Devices
Laravel also provides a mechanism for invalidating and "logging out" a user's sessions that are active on other devices without invalidating the session on their current device. This feature is typically utilized when a user is changing or updating their password and you would like to invalidate sessions on other devices while keeping the current device authenticated.
Before getting started, you should make sure that the Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession
middleware is present and un-commented in your App\Http\Kernel
class' web
middleware group:
'web' => [
// ...
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
// ...
],
Then, you may use the logoutOtherDevices
method provided by the Auth
facade. This method requires the user to confirm their current password, which your application should accept through an input form:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
Auth::logoutOtherDevices($currentPassword);
When the logoutOtherDevices
method is invoked, the user's other sessions will be invalidated entirely, meaning they will be "logged out" of all guards they were previously authenticated by.
Password Confirmation
While building your application, you may occasionally have actions that should require the user to confirm their password before the action is performed or before the user is redirected to a sensitive area of the application. Laravel includes built-in middleware to make this process a breeze. Implementing this feature will require you to define two routes: one route to display a view asking the user to confirm their password and another route to confirm that the password is valid and redirect the user to their intended destination.
{tip} The following documentation discusses how to integrate with Laravel's password confirmation features directly; however, if you would like to get started more quickly, the Laravel application starter kits include support for this feature!
Configuration
After confirming their password, a user will not be asked to confirm their password again for three hours. However, you may configure the length of time before the user is re-prompted for their password by changing the value of the password_timeout
configuration value within your application's config/auth.php
configuration file.
Routing
The Password Confirmation Form
First, we will define a route to display a view that requests that the user confirm their password:
Route::get('/confirm-password', function () {
return view('auth.confirm-password');
})->middleware('auth')->name('password.confirm');
As you might expect, the view that is returned by this route should have a form containing a password
field. In addition, feel free to include text within the view that explains that the user is entering a protected area of the application and must confirm their password.
Confirming The Password
Next, we will define a route that will handle the form request from the "confirm password" view. This route will be responsible for validating the password and redirecting the user to their intended destination:
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redirect;
Route::post('/confirm-password', function (Request $request) {
if (! Hash::check($request->password, $request->user()->password)) {
return back()->withErrors([
'password' => ['The provided password does not match our records.']
]);
}
$request->session()->passwordConfirmed();
return redirect()->intended();
})->middleware(['auth', 'throttle:6,1'])->name('password.confirm');
Before moving on, let's examine this route in more detail. First, the request's password
field is determined to actually match the authenticated user's password. If the password is valid, we need to inform Laravel's session that the user has confirmed their password. The passwordConfirmed
method will set a timestamp in the user's session that Laravel can use to determine when the user last confirmed their password. Finally, we can redirect the user to their intended destination.
Protecting Routes
You should ensure that any route that performs an action which requires recent password confirmation is assigned the password.confirm
middleware. This middleware is included with the default installation of Laravel and will automatically store the user's intended destination in the session so that the user may be redirected to that location after confirming their password. After storing the user's intended destination in the session, the middleware will redirect the user to the password.confirm
named route:
Route::get('/settings', function () {
// ...
})->middleware(['password.confirm']);
Route::post('/settings', function () {
// ...
})->middleware(['password.confirm']);
Adding Custom Guards
You may define your own authentication guards using the extend
method on the Auth
facade. You should place your call to the extend
method within a service provider. Since Laravel already ships with an AuthServiceProvider
, we can place the code in that provider:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Services\Auth\JwtGuard;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application authentication / authorization services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
$this->registerPolicies();
Auth::extend('jwt', function ($app, $name, array $config) {
// Return an instance of Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard...
return new JwtGuard(Auth::createUserProvider($config['provider']));
});
}
}
As you can see in the example above, the callback passed to the extend
method should return an implementation of Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard
. This interface contains a few methods you will need to implement to define a custom guard. Once your custom guard has been defined, you may reference the guard in the guards
configuration of your auth.php
configuration file:
'guards' => [
'api' => [
'driver' => 'jwt',
'provider' => 'users',
],
],
Closure Request Guards
The simplest way to implement a custom, HTTP request based authentication system is by using the Auth::viaRequest
method. This method allows you to quickly define your authentication process using a single closure.
To get started, call the Auth::viaRequest
method within the boot
method of your AuthServiceProvider
. The viaRequest
method accepts an authentication driver name as its first argument. This name can be any string that describes your custom guard. The second argument passed to the method should be a closure that receives the incoming HTTP request and returns a user instance or, if authentication fails, null
:
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
/**
* Register any application authentication / authorization services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
$this->registerPolicies();
Auth::viaRequest('custom-token', function (Request $request) {
return User::where('token', $request->token)->first();
});
}
Once your custom authentication driver has been defined, you may configure it as a driver within the guards
configuration of your auth.php
configuration file:
'guards' => [
'api' => [
'driver' => 'custom-token',
],
],
Adding Custom User Providers
If you are not using a traditional relational database to store your users, you will need to extend Laravel with your own authentication user provider. We will use the provider
method on the Auth
facade to define a custom user provider. The user provider resolver should return an implementation of Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider
:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use App\Extensions\MongoUserProvider;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Register any application authentication / authorization services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
$this->registerPolicies();
Auth::provider('mongo', function ($app, array $config) {
// Return an instance of Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider...
return new MongoUserProvider($app->make('mongo.connection'));
});
}
}
After you have registered the provider using the provider
method, you may switch to the new user provider in your auth.php
configuration file. First, define a provider
that uses your new driver:
'providers' => [
'users' => [
'driver' => 'mongo',
],
],
Finally, you may reference this provider in your guards
configuration:
'guards' => [
'web' => [
'driver' => 'session',
'provider' => 'users',
],
],
The User Provider Contract
Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider
implementations are responsible for fetching an Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable
implementation out of a persistent storage system, such as MySQL, MongoDB, etc. These two interfaces allow the Laravel authentication mechanisms to continue functioning regardless of how the user data is stored or what type of class is used to represent the authenticated user:
Let's take a look at the Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider
contract:
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Auth;
interface UserProvider
{
public function retrieveById($identifier);
public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token);
public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token);
public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials);
public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials);
}
The retrieveById
function typically receives a key representing the user, such as an auto-incrementing ID from a MySQL database. The Authenticatable
implementation matching the ID should be retrieved and returned by the method.
The retrieveByToken
function retrieves a user by their unique $identifier
and "remember me" $token
, typically stored in a database column like remember_token
. As with the previous method, the Authenticatable
implementation with a matching token value should be returned by this method.
The updateRememberToken
method updates the $user
instance's remember_token
with the new $token
. A fresh token is assigned to users on a successful "remember me" authentication attempt or when the user is logging out.
The retrieveByCredentials
method receives the array of credentials passed to the Auth::attempt
method when attempting to authenticate with an application. The method should then "query" the underlying persistent storage for the user matching those credentials. Typically, this method will run a query with a "where" condition that searches for a user record with a "username" matching the value of $credentials['username']
. The method should return an implementation of Authenticatable
. This method should not attempt to do any password validation or authentication.
The validateCredentials
method should compare the given $user
with the $credentials
to authenticate the user. For example, this method will typically use the Hash::check
method to compare the value of $user->getAuthPassword()
to the value of $credentials['password']
. This method should return true
or false
indicating whether the password is valid.
The Authenticatable Contract
Now that we have explored each of the methods on the UserProvider
, let's take a look at the Authenticatable
contract. Remember, user providers should return implementations of this interface from the retrieveById
, retrieveByToken
, and retrieveByCredentials
methods:
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Auth;
interface Authenticatable
{
public function getAuthIdentifierName();
public function getAuthIdentifier();
public function getAuthPassword();
public function getRememberToken();
public function setRememberToken($value);
public function getRememberTokenName();
}
This interface is simple. The getAuthIdentifierName
method should return the name of the "primary key" field of the user and the getAuthIdentifier
method should return the "primary key" of the user. When using a MySQL back-end, this would likely be the auto-incrementing primary key assigned to the user record. The getAuthPassword
method should return the user's hashed password.
This interface allows the authentication system to work with any "user" class, regardless of what ORM or storage abstraction layer you are using. By default, Laravel includes a App\Models\User
class in the app/Models
directory which implements this interface.
Events
Laravel dispatches a variety of events during the authentication process. You may attach listeners to these events in your EventServiceProvider
:
/**
* The event listener mappings for the application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $listen = [
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Registered' => [
'App\Listeners\LogRegisteredUser',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Attempting' => [
'App\Listeners\LogAuthenticationAttempt',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Authenticated' => [
'App\Listeners\LogAuthenticated',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Login' => [
'App\Listeners\LogSuccessfulLogin',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Failed' => [
'App\Listeners\LogFailedLogin',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Validated' => [
'App\Listeners\LogValidated',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Verified' => [
'App\Listeners\LogVerified',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Logout' => [
'App\Listeners\LogSuccessfulLogout',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\CurrentDeviceLogout' => [
'App\Listeners\LogCurrentDeviceLogout',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\OtherDeviceLogout' => [
'App\Listeners\LogOtherDeviceLogout',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\Lockout' => [
'App\Listeners\LogLockout',
],
'Illuminate\Auth\Events\PasswordReset' => [
'App\Listeners\LogPasswordReset',
],
];


IOCTL
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (2)
Updated: 2013-11-08
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
ioctl - control device
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int ioctl(int d, unsigned long request, ...);
DESCRIPTION
The
ioctl()
function manipulates the underlying device parameters of special files.
In particular, many operating characteristics of character special files
(e.g., terminals) may be controlled with
ioctl()
requests.
The argument
d
must be an open file descriptor.
The second argument is a device-dependent request code.
The third argument is an untyped pointer to memory.
It's traditionally
char *argp
(from the days before
void *
was valid C), and will be so named for this discussion.
An
ioctl()
request
has encoded in it whether the argument is an
in
parameter or
out
parameter, and the size of the argument
argp
in bytes.
Macros and defines used in specifying an
ioctl()
request
are located in the file
<sys/ioctl.h>.
RETURN VALUE
Usually, on success zero is returned.
A few
ioctl()
requests use the return value as an output parameter
and return a nonnegative value on success.
On error, -1 is returned, and
errno
is set appropriately.
ERRORS
- EBADF
-
d
is not a valid descriptor.
- EFAULT
-
argp
references an inaccessible memory area.
- EINVAL
-
request
or
argp
is not valid.
- ENOTTY
-
d
is not associated with a character special device.
- ENOTTY
-
The specified request does not apply to the kind of object that the
descriptor
d
references.
CONFORMING TO
No single standard.
Arguments, returns, and semantics of
ioctl()
vary according to the device driver in question (the call is used as a
catch-all for operations that don't cleanly fit the UNIX stream I/O
model).
See
ioctl_list(2)
for a list of many of the known
ioctl()
calls.
The
ioctl()
function call appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
NOTES
In order to use this call, one needs an open file descriptor.
Often the
open(2)
call has unwanted side effects, that can be avoided under Linux
by giving it the
O_NONBLOCK
flag.
SEE ALSO
execve(2),
fcntl(2),
ioctl_list(2),
open(2),
sd(4),
tty(4)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ERRORS
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:54:48 GMT, September 18, 2014


US laboratory identifies rare new HIV strain
WASHINGTON: A US healthcare company has identified a new subtype of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and said the finding showed that cutting edge genome sequencing is helping researchers stay ahead of mutations.
The strain, HIV-1 Group M subtype L, has been recorded in three people from blood samples taken between the 1980s and 2001, all in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Abbott laboratories told AFP on Thursday (Nov 7).
To classify a new subtype, three cases must be discovered independently, according to guidelines issued in 2000.
Group M is the most prevalent form of the HIV-1 virus. Subtype L is now the 10th of this group and the first to be identified since the guidelines were issued.
Antiretroviral drugs, which today can reduce the viral load of an HIV carrier to the point at which the infection is both undetectable and cannot be transmitted further, have generally performed well against a variety of subtypes, according to research.
But there is also some evidence of subtype differences in drug resistance.
"Since subtype L is part of the major group of HIV, Group M, I would expect current treatments to work with it," Mary Rodgers, a principal scientist and head of the Global Viral Surveillance Program at Abbott told AFP.
She added that Abbott was making the sequence available to the research community to evaluate its impact on diagnostic testing, treatments and potential vaccines.
"In an increasingly connected world, we can no longer think of viruses being contained to one location," added Carole McArthur, a professor of oral and craniofacial sciences at the University of Missouri Kansas City, who co-authored a paper on the finding in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS).
The third sample was collected 18 years ago but was difficult to sequence given technical constraints at the time.
Abbott said the breakthrough was possible thanks to next-generation sequencing technology that allowed scientists to build up an entire genome at higher speed and lower cost.
"This discovery reminds us that to end the HIV pandemic, we must continue to outthink this virus and use the latest advancements in technology and resources to understand its full scope," said Rodgers.


Hi, I'm Ron Floyd! This is my portfolio where I share all of my favorite work. When I'm not developing, I enjoy playing with my kids, watching movies, learning new things, and more.
If you'd like to follow me on Twitter, my username is @bRonFloyd.


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Emotional abuse had the highest prevalence among the abuses, being experienced by at least 30% of those surveyed
A parent or other adult in your home ever hit, beat, kicked or physically hurt you.
An adult or person at least 5 years older ever touched you in a sexual way, or tried to make you touch their body in a sexual way, or attempted to have sex with you.
| ACE | State | Race | Sex | Education | Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Abuse | Nevada | Native American | M | Didn't graduate high school | Less than $15000 |
| Emotional Abuse | Nevada | Native American | M | Attended college or tech school | Less than $15000 |
| Sexual Abuse: Touched Sexually | Washington | Native American | F | Attended college or tech school | Less than $15000 |
| Sexual Abuse: Forced to touch Someone Sexually | Washington | Native American | F | Attended college or tech school | Less than $15000 |
| Sexual Abuse: Forced to have sex | Nevada | Native American | F | Didn't graduate high school | Less than $15000 |


| Match | Prize * | Odds |
|---|---|---|
|
+
|
Jackpot | 1 in 302,575,350 |
|
+
|
$1,000,000 | 1 in 12,607,306 |
|
+
|
$10,000 | 1 in 931,001 |
|
+
|
$500 | 1 in 38,792 |
|
+
|
$200 | 1 in 14,547 |
|
+
|
$10 | 1 in 606 |
|
+
|
$10 | 1 in 693 |
|
+
|
$4 | 1 in 89 |
|
+
|
$2 | 1 in 37 |
| Overall chance of winning any prize: | 1 in 24 |
*Prize amounts in California are paid on a pari-mutuel basis and will differ from the fixed prize amounts shown here. Go to the California Lottery website to view prize amounts for California.
| Match | Your prize if the Megaplier number is; | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 (1 in 3) |
3 (1 in 2.5) |
4 (1 in 5) |
5 (1 in 15) |
|
|
+
|
$2,000,000 | $3,000,000 | $4,000,000 | $5,000,000 |
|
+
|
$20,000 | $30,000 | $40,000 | $50,000 |
|
+
|
$1,000 | $1,500 | $2,000 | $2,500 |
|
+
|
$400 | $600 | $800 | $1,000 |
|
+
|
$20 | $30 | $40 | $50 |
|
+
|
$20 | $30 | $40 | $50 |
|
+
|
$8 | $12 | $16 | $20 |
|
+
|
$4 | $6 | $8 | $10 |


Abstract class for character device on I2C.
More...
#include <I2C.hpp>
|
| | I2C (const char *name, const char *devname, int bus, uint16_t address, uint32_t frequency) |
| | @ Constructor More...
|
| |
| virtual | ~I2C () |
| |
| virtual int | init () |
| |
| virtual int | probe () |
| | Check for the presence of the device on the bus. More...
|
| |
| int | transfer (const uint8_t *send, unsigned send_len, uint8_t *recv, unsigned recv_len) |
| | Perform an I2C transaction to the device. More...
|
| |
| bool | external () |
| |
| | I2C (const char *name, const char *devname, int bus, uint16_t address, uint32_t frequency=0) |
| | @ Constructor More...
|
| |
| virtual | ~I2C () |
| |
| virtual int | init () |
| |
| virtual int | probe () |
| | Check for the presence of the device on the bus. More...
|
| |
| int | transfer (const uint8_t *send, unsigned send_len, uint8_t *recv, unsigned recv_len) |
| | Perform an I2C transaction to the device. More...
|
| |
| bool | external () |
| |
|
| uint8_t | _retries {0} |
| | The number of times a read or write operation will be retried on error. More...
|
| |
Abstract class for character device on I2C.
Definition at line 53 of file I2C.hpp.
| I2C::I2C |
( |
const char * |
name, |
|
|
const char * |
devname, |
|
|
int |
bus, |
|
|
uint16_t |
address, |
|
|
uint32_t |
frequency |
|
) |
| |
|
protected |
@ Constructor
- Parameters
-
| name | Driver name |
| devname | Device node name |
| bus | I2C bus on which the device lives |
| address | I2C bus address, or zero if set_address will be used |
| frequency | I2C bus frequency for the device (currently not used) |
Definition at line 54 of file I2C.cpp.
References DEVICE_DEBUG.
| virtual __EXPORT::I2C::~I2C |
( |
| ) |
|
|
protectedvirtual |
| __EXPORT::I2C::I2C |
( |
const device::I2C & |
| ) |
|
|
private |
| __EXPORT::I2C::I2C |
( |
const char * |
name, |
|
|
const char * |
devname, |
|
|
int |
bus, |
|
|
uint16_t |
address, |
|
|
uint32_t |
frequency = 0 |
|
) |
| |
|
protected |
@ Constructor
- Parameters
-
| name | Driver name |
| devname | Device node name |
| bus | I2C bus on which the device lives |
| address | I2C bus address, or zero if set_address will be used |
| frequency | I2C bus frequency for the device (currently not used) |
| __EXPORT::I2C::I2C |
( |
const device::I2C & |
| ) |
|
|
private |
| bool __EXPORT::I2C::external |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotected |
| bool __EXPORT::I2C::external |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotected |
| virtual int __EXPORT::I2C::init |
( |
| ) |
|
|
protectedvirtual |
| I2C __EXPORT::I2C::operator= |
( |
const device::I2C & |
| ) |
|
|
private |
| I2C __EXPORT::I2C::operator= |
( |
const device::I2C & |
| ) |
|
|
private |
| virtual int __EXPORT::I2C::probe |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotectedvirtual |
Check for the presence of the device on the bus.
Definition at line 86 of file I2C.hpp.
References PX4_OK, and send().
Referenced by init().
| virtual int __EXPORT::I2C::probe |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inlineprotectedvirtual |
Check for the presence of the device on the bus.
Definition at line 87 of file I2C.hpp.
References PX4_OK, and send().
| int I2C::set_bus_clock |
( |
unsigned |
bus, |
|
|
unsigned |
clock_hz |
|
) |
| |
|
static |
| int __EXPORT::I2C::transfer |
( |
const uint8_t * |
send, |
|
|
unsigned |
send_len, |
|
|
uint8_t * |
recv, |
|
|
unsigned |
recv_len |
|
) |
| |
|
protected |
Perform an I2C transaction to the device.
At least one of send_len and recv_len must be non-zero.
- Parameters
-
| send | Pointer to bytes to send. |
| send_len | Number of bytes to send. |
| recv | Pointer to buffer for bytes received. |
| recv_len | Number of bytes to receive. |
- Returns
- OK if the transfer was successful, -errno otherwise.
| int I2C::transfer |
( |
const uint8_t * |
send, |
|
|
unsigned |
send_len, |
|
|
uint8_t * |
recv, |
|
|
unsigned |
recv_len |
|
) |
| |
|
protected |
Perform an I2C transaction to the device.
At least one of send_len and recv_len must be non-zero.
- Parameters
-
| send | Pointer to bytes to send. |
| send_len | Number of bytes to send. |
| recv | Pointer to buffer for bytes received. |
| recv_len | Number of bytes to receive. |
- Returns
- OK if the transfer was successful, -errno otherwise.
Definition at line 170 of file I2C.cpp.
References _bus_clocks, _dev, _retries, DEVICE_DEBUG, PX4_ERR, PX4_ERROR, PX4_OK, and send().
| px4_i2c_dev_t* __EXPORT::I2C::_dev {nullptr} |
|
private |
| int __EXPORT::I2C::_fd {-1} |
|
private |
| uint32_t __EXPORT::I2C::_frequency {0} |
|
private |
| uint8_t __EXPORT::I2C::_retries {0} |
|
protected |
The number of times a read or write operation will be retried on error.
Definition at line 67 of file I2C.hpp.
Referenced by transfer().
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- src/lib/drivers/device/nuttx/I2C.hpp
- src/lib/drivers/device/nuttx/I2C.cpp


BOYS AND GIRLS Reviewed on March 11th, 2001 By Jerry Saravia
"Boys and Girls" is the kind of teen movie that has been done repeatedly to death - boy finds girl, boy becomes best friends with girl, boy finds new girl, girl finds new boy, original boy and girl have sex, boy and girl see mistake in this, boy and girl decide to be together, etc. If it were not for the entertaining, credible performances by the leads, I would have said: skip this!
Freddie Prinze, Jr. is Ryan Walker, a nerdy, high-school whiz with prospects of majoring in structural engineering. Claire Forlani is Jennifer Burrows, a bright girl who aspires to major in Latin and then go to Italy for graduate studies.  Jennifer does not believe in commitment, and uses Latin phrases constantly. There is no reason in the world for Ryan and Jennifer to be together, but they keep running into each other every few years before finally becoming best friends in college.
Ryan's college roomate is Hunter aka Steve (Jason Biggs), a foolhardy court jester whose idea of humor is to stay locked inside a trunk and surprise people. He has trouble finding girls, no doubt due to his repeatedly dyed hair. Jennifer's college roomate is Amy (Amanda Detmer), who grows jealous of Jennifer's friendship with Ryan since Amy had dated him. Amy also sees a psychiatrist.
Okay, so how could I possibly like this film at all, you may ask. It is after all the tired cliche of how friends of the opposite sex can't be friends if they have sex - the critics were right in calling this a junior league "When Harry Met Sally." Of course, and I am not sure I would call this a spoiler alert, they do stay together as more than just friends. But what if they didn't? What if director Robert Iscove (who helmed the atrocious "She's All That") chose a different path? What if the filmmakers proceeded along uncharted territory, along the lines of the penultimate twist that occurs in the film between Jennifer and Amy? Unfortunately, that twist is settled in an awkward dialogue exchange that is too safe a solution to inspire much drama.
Still, how could I like this film? Well, much to my surprise, I found genuine chemistry between Prinze and Forlani. Freddie Prinze may be a hottie to teenage girls of today but he strikes me as being so mild-mannered as to make Clark Kent jealous. Yet in "Boys and Girls," he comes alive thanks to his rapport with Forlani and especially Hunter. Not casting Rachael Leigh Cook in this film was beneficial indeed.
Forlani has not interested me in her choice of movies lately but she does well here, exuding radiance and true beauty as she did in "The Last Time I Committed Suicide" and "Basquiat." Another plus is that she does not look like Ally McBeal and there is something to be said for that.
As for Jason Biggs, well, he is on his way to major movie stardom if he wants it. He had a great lead performance in "American Pie," and here, he delivers his one-liners with enough energy and subtlety to rival even Ben Stiller. He is such a comic force that I wish there were more of him (though we get a further glimpse during the end credits).
"Boys and Girls" is virtually free of all the current trends in teenage fare - there are no sexually scatalogical jokes, no gross-out humor, and hardly anything too juvenile. The film is often sensitive and emotionally true, though there are some melodramatic lulls at the end. Nonetheless, "Boys and Girls" is sweet, innocent fun that makes you wish it were so much more.
Note: In this age of postmodernism, "Boys and Girls" does feature a scene where the lead characters enter a movie theatre showing "Sixteen Candles" and "The Breakfast Club," which this film resembles in both cases.
For more reviews, visit JERRY AT THE MOVIES at http://moviething.com/members/movies/faust/JATMindex.shtml
E-mail me with any questions, comments or complaints at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
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CSS font-weight
This property is used for setting the thickness and boldness of the font. It is used to define the weight of the text. The available weight depends on the font-family, which is used by the browser.
Syntax
Property Values
normal: It is the default font-weight whose numeric value is 400.
lighter: It considers the existing font-weight of the font-family and makes the font-weight lighter compare to the parent element.
bolder: It considers the existing font-weight of the font-family and makes the font-weight heavier compare to the parent element.
bold: As its name implies, it is used to define the bold font-weight, and its numeric value is 700.
number: It is used to set the font-weight based on the specified number. Its range can be between 1 to 1000.
initial: It is used to set the font-weight to its default value.
Let's see an example of this property.
Example
Output:
normal property value
lighter property value
bolder property value
bold property value
number property value
initial property value
inherit property value
unset property value


They are completely different and they work together. HTML is a markup language and javascript is a programming language. Javascript uses "events" and "actions" to make your page interactive.
Lets consider a web page as a human body. Now let's see what each of these language really do:
HTML is a structural language that build the structure of a website as the skeletal system form the structure of the human body. Heading, paragraphs, images, text all are the part of HTML that creates the basic structure of a website.
CSS is a styling language that gives styling of a website. With the help of front color, background color and border styling CSS furnishes the look of the site as the skin gives look to the human body.
JavaScript is a programming language that gives motion and logics to the website for example a popup window alert. It is just like the motion of human body.
The control flow is the order in which the computer executes statements in a script. Code is run in order from the first line in thopene file to the last line, unless the computer runs across the (extremely frequent) structures that change the control flow, such as conditionals and loops.
When you brush your teeth, you would brush up and down back and forth in a loop until you reach the 2 minute time limit on the electric toothbrush.

In JavaScript, arrays use numbered indexes. You refer to an array element by referring to the index number. Arrays use numbers to access its "elements"With JavaScript, the full array can be accessed by referring to the array name.
In JavaScript, objects use named indexes. Objects use names to access its "members".
Functions are one of the fundamental building blocks in JavaScript. A function is a JavaScript procedure, a set of statements that performs a task or calculates a value. To use a function, you must define it somewhere in the scope from which you wish to call it.
You can reuse code: Define the code once, and use it many times. You can use the same code many times with different arguments, to produce different results.


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{% include "projects/includes/project_header.html" %} {% if self.feed_image %} {% image self.feed_image fill-300x300 %} {% endif %} {% leaflet_map "main" callback="main_map_init" %} Description {% if self.related_links.all %} Datasets {% endif %} {% include "projects/includes/project_body.html" with body=self.body only %} {% include "projects/includes/project_datasets.html" with datasets=self.related_links.all only %}