todo: why disassembler was written in same time todo: S-expression todo: test script convention $ PATH=$PATH:~/src/c3/bin
I have published the source code of Tamacola, a lisp compiler which runs on Adobe Flash / Tamarin VM (or Adobe Virtual Machine 2) http://github.com/propella/tamacola. I'm pretty sure that the current version is useless if you are just looking for a lisp implementation on Tamarin (las3r and scheme-abc are much better), but Tamacola includes abundant tips if you are interested in making a self-hosting compiler on Tamarin VM. That's why I decided to publish it as-is.
I'm also working on a presentation slide for S3 conference http://www.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/hirschfeld/s3/s3-10/ to show it. I'm writing random thoughts about the compiler here so that I will compile them to a thread of talk.
I've already written the motivation on the paper (perhaps I will paste the URL in a month) so I don't repeat it. But in short, I wanted make a tiny language which bootstraps and runs on Adobe Flash.
A tiny language and bootstrapping seem contradicting idea as bootstrapping requires various language functions which tends to be large. On the other hand, this is practically a nice constrain because it keeps the language from too simple or too fat. Choosing Scheme like language as a target is natural to me because I wanted to concentrate basic implementation technique instead of language design.
Well, as one reviewer of the paper said, this is not particularly surprising or dramatically different in comparison with previous systems in the area, but some of the stories from the compiler should interest you!
In the beginning I created the assembler. Honestly, I wanted to avoid the task because writing assembler seemed not quite an interesting job. But in that time, I couldn't find a nice AVM2 assembler that suite my project. So I've done it. In retrospect, this was not bad at all. I could understand what avm2overview.pdf (the AVM2 specification) said quite well, and I got self confidence.
I wrote my assembler in PLT-Scheme because Ian Piumarta's COLA (Tamacola was supposed to be written in COLA and Tamacola itself, I'll tell you this later) is not finished yet in that time and Duncan Mak, a friend of mine, recommend it. This was actually a good choice. This is my first Scheme application and PLT's good documentation helped me a lot.
An interesting part of PLT-Scheme was it encourages a functional programming style, even PLT doesn't suppport set-car! and set-cdr! in the default library. So it was natural that my assembler was written without side-effect except I/O. This is the first key of the development of the assembler. Unfortunately, because Tamarin doesn't support tail-recursion optimazion and Tamarin's stack size is small, I gave up to eliminate all side-effect later. But the implementation was pure functional up to the time, and it was quite clean.
Indeed, it had to be clean considering boot-strapping. I wanted to make the assembler run in my language itself even before enough debugging facility is not ready. If it were not clean, a tiny bug would cause a few days of debugging. I avoided the nightmare with a functional style and Test Driven Development.
Test Driven Development is the second key. I virtually wrote every test case for each function even if it looks silly. Scheme has a couple of options of testing frame work. I chose SRFI-78. It only report assertion failer only something happen, otherwise it keeps silence. I somewhat like this UNIX taste terse.
The third key was to write an assembler and a disassembler in a same time. It sounds like an unnecessary job because I only needed an assembler eventually. But I had to analyze an output from asc (an asembler in Adobe Flex) and learn how an ActionScript program was converted to the Tamarin byte-code. The disassembler was very helpful to read the byte-code as well as debugging. If output of the disassembler generates the original byte-code by the assembler, there is high chance that my imprementation is correct, unless my understanding is wrong.
The assembler is named ABCSX http://github.com/propella/abcsx and it was ported to Gauche, COLA, and Tamacola later. I ported it to Gauche because I was curious about portability of Scheme language.
I had realized there are many places where I could reduce code redundancy in the assembler. An assembler tends to include repetitive process, but some of them are not quite captured well by function abstraction. I would be effective to apply macro and domain specific language in those part. I didn't have tried to solve it yet, but I want to solve it later.
(to be continued)
Once the assembler was done, I was able to test verious Tamarin VM's features, even I wrote a tiny GUI application on Adobe Flash in the assembler. Then next step is the compiler.
Another goal of the project was to port Ian Piumarta's COLA framework to Tamarin (the project name came from this). And perhaps this is only the real technical contribution of the project. COLA is a meta language (a programming language to design another language) which resembles Scheme. COLA has a nice sub-language called Parser Expression Grammar that makes parser very terse. My plan was to write a boot-strappng compiler in PEG and COLA, then to implement COLA library, and to write the real compiler in PEG and Tamacola itself.
I won't give you the detail of PEG. But briefly, it is as simple as a regular expression and as powerful as a context free grammar.
When that time I started writing the compiler, COLA has no library at all except PEG framework, so I needed to write necessary libraries by myself from scratch. Fortunately COLA has quite a powerful external function call feature (a kind of FFI), macro sysytem, and a flexible object oriented framework. So writing library is not so hard. But I tried not to use COLA specific features as possible because it would be a problem when I rewrite the compiler in Tamacola itself later.
To implement the library, I borrowed function specifications from R6RS as well as possible to avoid unnecessary confusion. There were exception because COLA treat a slash "/" character as special for namespaces, I took PLT's function names in this case.
Writing lisp libraries is interesting puzzle to me because there were some requirements and constrain for the domain. Those requiments are:
These requirements were carefully chosen. Because COLA has only modest debugging facility, the unit test framework must be there. So my first goal was to implement all functions needed by the unit testing. I needed a pretty printer for debugging, too.
Another "must have" library was bit operators, and file / in-memory streams that is needed to the assembler. Interestingly enough, R6RS doesn't define enough functions to support those. For example, there are no portable way to specify a stream to be binary or text. So I needed a bit creativity.
Eventually, I wrote all libraries and the compiler. And I got a pretty good sense about a minimun set of functions needed for compiler, which are testing framework, pretty printer, bit operators, and streams. In other words, if your language has those features, your language can be self-hosting.
The real puzzle part was the order. Those requirements must be precisely ordered by need. For example, the pretty printer must follow stream and string functions because the pretty printer uses those functions. Although you can write functions in random order as you like in Lisp, precise order makes testing and debugging is easy. I kept this discipline. I even implemented the test library twice, the first one was concise assert function, and the second one has more friendly fail message by the pretty printer.
It took a few weeks to build a simple compiler, but still there were long way up to the point where self-hosting can be done. One thing that I had learned from the stage was, even without debugger, debugging is not so hard if you have enough test cases and a good pretty printer.
Now I'm going to talk a bit about how a lisp (almost Scheme) program is compiled into Tamarin's byte code. This topic is especially interesting if you are curious to make your own language or VM.
Tamarin VM is made for ActionScript, so its byte code is also specifically designed for ActionScript. In other words, it is a slightly tricky to implement other language than ActionScript. In case if you don't know about ActionScript, it is almost identical as JavaScript in the execution model. Difference between them is about optimization with explicit type notion and static field.
ActionScript and Scheme are common for those aspects:
But there are significant difference.
Those limitations sound like that Tamarin VM is inferior. But no, actually those limitations come from Tamarin VM's advantage and optimization. If you happen to have a chance to design your VM, please learn from the lesson. There ain't no such thing as a free optimization. Any optimization kills some generality. I'll explain each case.
ActionScript doesn't have a simple function call neither Tamarin
VM. This is rather harmless though. When you see a function like
expression like trace("hello")
, this is actually mean
(the global object).trace("hello")
, and eventually, the
receiver passes to the function as the first argument. In other words,
if you want to construct a function call with two arguments, you need
to make three arguments where the first argument is "this" object. A
slightly tricky part is primitive operators like + or -, which don't
have "this" object. Those primitives are special case.
ActionScript also has lexical scope, but only a function has a scope. So I have to be careful when I compile let expression in Scheme. Most simplest way to implement a let expression is to use a function. A let expression can be always translated to a lambda in theory though, this is a huge performance disadvantage. So I use "with" expression in ActionScript. "With" expression is an unpopular syntax in ActionScript, but you can use any object as a scope object. I borrowed this idea from Happy-ABC project http://github.com/mzp/scheme-abc.
Lack of the tail call optimization in Tamarin VM was the most disappointed thing to me. It prevents a functional programming style. I simply gave up it. Tail call optimization is not difficult topic at all. If the target were a native code like x86, it would be a matter of swapping stack and jump. But Tamarin VM doesn't allow direct access of stack or jump to other function. I understand that it might cause a security issue though, it would be wonderful if VM would provide special byte code for tail call.
Finally, you can't access the call stack directly, therefore you can't implement call/cc. The reason why I can't call Tamacola as Scheme is the lack of tail call optimization and call/cc. It prevents many experimental language features like generator, process, or so. But considering rich libraries provided by the Flash API, I would say Tamacola will be a reasonably useful language eventually.
I'll tell you convolved self hosting process and macros tomorrow.
After I made the Tamacola compiler written in COLA, next thing to do was to implement it in Tamacola itself. A language is called self-hosting if the language is written in the language itself. This implies various advantage.
First, once self-hosting is done, you don't need to use COLA anymore, you can improve or modify any language aspects on Tamarin VM. If I carefully design the environment, it would be possible to do language design only on the Web browser (it needs server side help for security reason, so it hasn't done yet).
Second, self hosting is a benchmark for the language to tell that it is good enough. Scheme is especially simple language, so there are a lot of people who implement toy-Scheme. But because my Tamacola is now self-hosting, I could proudly claim that this is not a toy! Well, this is rather self satisfaction, though.
Third, it provides a rich library including "eval" function. A compiler uses various programming techniques, and those must be useful for other programs, too.
To make it self-hosting, there were two key problem which are macros and eval.
I heavily used macros in my compiler, for example, the parser written in PEG was converted a bunch of macro expressions. The problem is, expanding macros requires eval function but I wasn't able to make eval before the parser was done. It's a deadlock! Here is a typical macro written in COLA:
(define-form begin e (cons 'let (cons '() e)))This is how the macro works. When the compiler find a expression like:
(begin (print "Hello") (print "World"))Expressions inside
begin
is bound to e
, the
body (cons 'let (cons '() e))
is executed in compile time
and the expression is expanded to:
(let () (print "Hello") (print "World"))
Such expansion is impossible without eval function because the
compiler need to evaluate a list (cons 'let (cons '() e))
given by user. What I would do when I didn't have eval yet. But I
realized that macros only include basic list functions like car, cdr,
and cons in many cases. And a more complicated macro could be hard
corded as a special form in the compiler. So I invented a pattern base
macros.
(define-pattern ((begin . e) (let () . e)))
Basically this is a subset of Scheme's syntax-rule. If the compiler
finds an expression starting with begin
, rest of the
expression is bound to e
and substituted as a right hand
side. Those expansion requires only limited set of list functions, so
the compiler doesn't have to provide full eval function. This macro
syntax made my compiler readable, and I was able to continue happily.
Even after I implemented more dynamic traditional macro with eval function, I keep using this pattern base macros mainly.
To implement eval function, you need to understand the dynamic code loading facility provided by the VM. Note that this is not part of AVM2 specification, and Avmshell (a console Tamarin shell program) and Adobe Flash have different API.
Avmshell has straightforward API. You give compiled byte code, and the function returns the value. Because Tamacola is now written in Tamacola, you can invoke the compiler as a library function and get byte code you want to execute.
avmplus.Domain.loadBytes(byteArray:ByteArray)
You can get the domain object by Domain.currentDomain() static method.
Those useful functions in Avmshell are found shell/
directory in the Tamarin-central repository.
Flash Player has somewhat tricky API for dynamic code loading. The signature is normal.
flash.display.Loader.loadBytes(bytes:ByteArray, context:LoaderContext = null):void
There are two problems for our purpose. First, this method is not designed mainly for dynamic loading, it only accepts SWF, JPG, PNG, or GIF files, and byte code happen to be accepted inside a SWF file. So I had to construct SWF file to load code. In case if you don't know about SWF file, SWF file is a kind of container format. You can embedded vector graphics, mp3 sounds, and ActionScript byte code. Making a SWF file is not particularly difficult though, it needs nasty bit fiddling.
Second, this is far more problematic, is that this method works as asynchronously. In other words, this doesn't return the result value. Instead, you need to give it a callback function to wait to finish the code. Additionally, this method doesn't return value at all, so if you want the return value, you need to setup some explicit return mechanism by yourself.
Practically, this cause a problem if you want to write a traditional macro definition and use the macro in a same source code. Because a traditional macro need to evaluate a lisp expression in a compile time, but the eval function doesn't return before the compilation thread is done. I could solve the problem by setting up compilation queue or something, but it would cost performance penalty which I don't want. And now I simply gave up.
I have explained pretty much all interesting aspect of the self hosting compiler. I'll talk about how to make a new language on the Tamacola environment later.
make example-runIt runs all of the examples in the Tamacola distribution as well as recompile the compiler. If you don't find any error, you are ready to go. Otherwise, please let me know the problem.
$ tamacola - Cola/Tamarin > (+ 3 4) 7You can also give Tamacola source files as well as compiled binary names. Typically, source code ends with .k, and a binary ends with .abc. Tamacola is smart enough to detect newer file between .k and .abc.
Suppose you are on some working directory, and you have already set PATH environment to the bin/ directory. And then, we are going to write a very simple language, greeting:
;; greeting.g - A simple PEG example greeting = "morning" -> "Good Morning!" | "evening" -> "Good Evening!"
 if you say "morning", and it answers "Good Evening!" if you say "evening". This PEG syntax is easy to understand. The right hand side of = is a rule name. A rule name is translated as a function once it is built. -> means an action rule, where if the left hand is matched the right hand side is returned. | is an Ordered options. In this case, the parser tries the first case "morning", and tries the second case "evening" only if the first case fails.
Save this syntax named "greeting.g". To test this language, type those commands:
$ mkpeg greeting.g $ tamacola greeting.k - compiling: greeting.k Cola/Tamarin > (parse-collection greeting "morning") "Good Morning!" > (parse-collection greeting "evening tokyo") "Good Evening!"
Mkpeg command converts grammar file (greeting.g) to tamacola source (greeting.k), a rule "greeting" the result can be read by tamacola shell. Greeting.k is built on the fly and the command prompt is shown.
Parse-collection's first argument is a parser name (in this case "greeting"), and the second is a input collection. As the name implies, it accepts any collection as the input stream.
The second case shows an interesting property of PEG syntax. Although the second rule matches the beginning part of the input "evening tokyo", still the input remains more string " tokyo". PEG doesn't care if the input is competely consumed or not. If you really want to make sure that the entire input is matched, you need to explicitly tell the Parser the point where end of the file.
The last example only matched a predefined constant, but we make a parser for any integer number here.
;; number.g -- A number parser digit = [0123456789] number = digit+
We also convert the grammar specification into the tamacola program, but in this case, we give -n option to tell the namespace. A namespace is useful when you want to use a common name as a rule name like "number". Because "number" is already used in the system, you can not use it without namespace.
The grammar itself is easy to understand if you have an experience with regular expressoins. Brackets ([]) matches one of characters inside, and postfixed plus (+) repeats previous expression with one-or-many times.
$ mkpeg -n number number.g $ tamacola number.k - compiling: number.k Cola/Tamarin > (parse-collection number/number "xyz") FAIL > (parse-collection number/number "345") {token-group: (53 52 51)}
Because we use the namespace "number", we need specify the namespace before slash(/) in the function name.
As you might notice, this parser correctly rejects a non-number like "xyz", and accepts "345". But the result is not so useful. The return value of plus is a special object named "token-group", but we would want a number represented by the string, instead. So we put a conversion function to get the value.
number = digit+:n -> (string->number (->string n))
$ tamacola number.k - compiling: number.k Cola/Tamarin > (parse-collection number/number "345") 345
Now parser returns a number conveniently. Perhaps you might think that it is somewhat cheating. As the string->number function itself is a kind of number parser, we should have write a number parser without string->number! Yes we could. But it leads more interesting topic about left and right recursion, so I leave it for later.
Now we are going to write a parser for almost real S-expression. This parser can only handle number and list, but it is useful enough to explain the essence of Tamacola.
;; sexp.g ;; Lexical Parser spaces = [ \t\r\n]* -> 'SPACES digit = [0123456789] number = digit+ :n spaces -> (string->number (->string n)) char = [+-*/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz] symbol = char+ :s spaces -> (intern (->string s)) sexp = symbol | number | "(" sexp*:e ")" -> (->list e)
In this grammar, only new operator is the postfix star (*) which repeats zero-or-many times. Rest is straightforward. To test this grammar, we use Tamacola's simple test framework. Writing test case is better than the interactive shell, because you don't have to type same expression many times.
;; sexp-test.k (check (parse-collection sexp/spaces " ") => 'SPACES) (check (parse-collection sexp/digit "0") => 48) (check (parse-collection sexp/number "345") => 345) (check (parse-collection sexp/char "a") => 97) (check (parse-collection sexp/symbol "hello") => 'hello) (check (parse-collection sexp/sexp "345") => 345) (check (parse-collection sexp/sexp "hello") => 'hello) (check (parse-collection sexp/sexp "(hello world)") => '(hello world)) (check (parse-collection sexp/sexp "(3 4)") => '(3 4)) (check (parse-collection sexp/sexp "(print 4)") => '(print 4))
The check function comes from SRFI-78. This function complains only if the left hand value and the right hand value differ. Otherwise, does nothing. I like this UNIX stile conciseness.
As a convention, a test program is added a postfix "-test" with the main program's name. I borrowed this custom from Go language.
Make sure this program do nothing.
$ tamacola sexp.k sexp-test.k
The PEG parser can handle any list structure as well as string. It allows you to write compiler in PEG. In a string parser, the input is a string and the output is some object (a list in our case), but in a compiler, the input is a lisp program and the output is a assembler code.
;; Compiler arity = .*:x -> (length (->list x)) insts = inst* :xs -> (concatenate (->list xs)) inst = is-number:x -> `((pushint ,x)) | is-symbol:x -> `((getlex ((ns "") ,(symbol->string x)))) | '( '+ inst:x inst:y ) -> `(,@x ,@y (add)) | '( '- inst:x inst:y ) -> `(,@x ,@y (subtract)) | '( '* inst:x inst:y ) -> `(,@x ,@y (multiply)) | '( '/ inst:x inst:y ) -> `(,@x ,@y (divide)) | '( inst:f &arity:n insts:a ) -> `(,@f (pushnull) ,@a (call ,n))
There are some new elements in the grammar. Quoted list '( ) matches a list structure, and a quoted symbol matches a symbol.
A prefix ampersand (&) prevents to consume the stream even if the rule matches. For example, &arity rule examine the rest of the list, but the contents are matched again by the insts rule later.
Is-number is matched against number, and is-symbol is for a symbol. Those rule can not be described as PEG grammar, but as a lisp function.
(define is-number (lambda (*stream* *parser*) (if (number? (peek *stream*)) (begin (set-parser-result *parser* (next *stream*)) #t) #f))) (define is-symbol (lambda (*stream* *parser*) (if (symbol? (peek *stream*)) (begin (set-parser-result *parser* (next *stream*)) #t) #f)))
A rule is a function which receives the stream and the parser (an object which store the result). The rule function returns #t if it matches, and #f if it fails.
I think it is easier to see the test code than read my explanation.
(check (parse-collection sexp/arity '(a b c)) => 3) (check (parse-collection sexp/insts '(3 4) => '((pushint 3) (pushint 4))) (check (parse-collection sexp/inst '(3)) => '((pushint 3))) (check (parse-collection sexp/inst '((+ 3 4))) => '((pushint 3) (pushint 4) (add))) (check (parse-collection sexp/inst '((f 3 4))) => '((getlex ((ns "") "f")) (pushnull) (pushint 3) (pushint 4) (call 2)))
We still need a little bit to construct a real assembler code. This detail topic is out of the context, so I simply show the code.
program = inst:x -> `(asm (method (((signature ((return_type *) (param_type ()) (name "program") (flags 0) (options ()) (param_names ()))) (code ((getlocal 0) (pushscope) ,@x (returnvalue)))))) (script (((init (method 0)) (trait ())))))
And the test case.
(check (parse-collection sexp/program '((print 42))) => '(asm (method (((signature ((return_type *) (param_type ()) (name "program") (flags 0) (options ()) (param_names ()))) (code ((getlocal 0) (pushscope) (getlex ((ns "") "print")) (pushnull) (pushint 42) (call 1) (returnvalue)))))) (script (((init (method 0)) (trait ()))))))
You can read the entire program in example/sexp.g in the Tamacola distribution.
We left an interesting topic about left and right recursion. Let me show you our number parser again.
digit = [0123456789] number = digit+:n -> (string->number (->string n))
If we don't want to use string->number function, I would write the parser as:
;; Use fold-left digit1 = [0123456789]:d -> (- d 48) number1 = digit1:x digit1*:xs -> (fold-left (lambda (n d) (+ (* n 10) d)) x (->list xs))
Digit1 rule converts the ascii value of the the digit character, and number1 rule construct a decimal number. As you see, you need to use fold-left function to construct a number because a number notation is essentially left recursion. For example, a number 34567 actually means:
(((3 * 10 + 4) * 10 + 5) * 10 + 6) * 10 + 7
However, PEG parser doesn't parse left recursion grammar in general. So I had to reconstruct the left recursion structure by fold-left. This is not hard at all if you familiar with functional programming. In functional programming, a list is considered as a right recursive data structure and it is even natural that a list is parsed by a right recursive way. However, I admit that it looks awkward for some people.
Yoshiki Ohshima provides a very useful extension to support a direct left recursion. To use his extension, the number parser is written as:
;; Use left-recursion digit2 = [0123456789]:d -> (- d 48) number2 = number2:n digit2:d -> (+ (* n 10) d) | digit2 number2s = number2
You need to load runtime/peg-memo-macro.k to use this extension.
$ tamacola ../runtime/peg-memo-macro.k number.k - Cola/Tamarin > (parse-collection number/number2s "345") 345
The real parser and compiler are bigger than presented grammars here, but I explained all of the essential ideas. I hope it helps you to make your own language!


Cards
Our cards provide a flexible and extensible content container with multiple variants and options.
Bootstrap DocumentationBasic
Metadata
With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
Go somewhereSpecial title treatment
2 hrs agoWith supporting text below...
Go somewhereActions
Examples
Basic
Theme as framework
Amazing template! All-in-one, clean code, beautiful design, and really not hard to work with.Highly recommended for any kind on website.
Build tools
Amazing template! All-in-one, clean code, beautiful design, and really not hard to work with.Highly recommended for any kind on website.
Friendly support
Amazing template! All-in-one, clean code, beautiful design, and really not hard to work with.Highly recommended for any kind on website.
Blog
25 April, 2019
With supporting text below as a natural lead-in to additional content.
Contact
Dashboard
Event
Betty Mavis
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>10:30 AMWhen we strive to become better than we are everything around us becomes better too.
Connection
Heads up! In order to use the connection card with the spark charts you will need to include additional scripts in the page. See the Apex Charts plugin.
Project
Notification
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Some quick example text to build on the card title.
Profile
Icon
Built by developers for developers
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Learn moreBuilt by developers for developers
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Learn moreBuilt by developers for developers
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Learn moreBuilt by developers for developers
Purpose is a great free UI package based on Bootstrap 4 that includes the most important components and features.
Built by developers for developers
Purpose is a great free UI package based on Bootstrap 4 that includes the most important components and features.
Built by developers for developers
Purpose is a great free UI package based on Bootstrap 4 that includes the most important components and features.
Built by developers for developers
Purpose is a great free UI package based on Bootstrap 4 that includes the most important components and features.
Created with the latest technologies
We use the latest technologies and tools in order to create a better code that not only works great, but it is easy easy to work with too.
Created with the latest technologies
We use the latest technologies and tools in order to create a better code that not only works great, but it is easy easy to work with too.
List group
- Cras justo odio
- Dapibus ac facilisis in
- Vestibulum at eros
Card title
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Go somewhereNews
Over the Globe
Some quick example text tod make up the bulk of the card's content.
Over the Globe
Some quick example text tod make up the bulk of the card's content.
Today's headlines
Over the Globe
Cards support a wide variety of content, including images, text, list groups, links, and more.
Overlay
Pricing
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
$3/ per month
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
$6/ per month
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
$3/ per month
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
$6/ per month
- Up to 5 users
- Basic support on Github
- Monthly updates
- Free cancelation
Profile
Default
Contact
Rating
Online status
Shop
Product
Checkout summary
Social
Text post
Image post
Stats
Basic
Colored
Dark
Progress
Total sales
Total sales
Team
Testimonial
Heather Wrights
@GoogleAmazing template! All-in-one, clean code, beautiful design, and really not hard to work with.Highly recommended for any kind on website.
Heads up! For the lightbox feature you will need to add additional scripts to your page. See the Fancybox plugin.
Wise words!
Purpose is a professional theme reviewed and approved by the Bootstrap Creators themeselves. With each purchase you get a pack of high quality components and page layouts to start building your website instantly.


Please Note: First Name, Last Name, Password, and Email are required
Are you over the age 18?
Do you have a credit or Paypal?


Conduct multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under the framework of random-QTL-effect mixed linear model. First, each position on the genome is detected in order to construct a negative logarithm P-value curve against genome position. Then, all the peaks on each effect (additive or dominant) curve are viewed as potential QTL, all the effects of the potential QTL are included in a multi-QTL model, their effects are estimated by empirical Bayes in doubled haploid or by adaptive lasso in F2, and true QTL are identified by likelihood radio test. Wang S-B, Wen Y-J, Ren W-L, Ni Y-L, Zhang J, Feng J-Y, Zhang Y-M (2016) <doi:10.1038/srep29951>.
| Version: | 1.0 |
| Depends: | shiny, MASS, qtl, doParallel, foreach |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.17), methods, stringr, openxlsx, data.table, parcor |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Published: | 2018-06-15 |
| Author: | Zhang Ya-Wen, Wen Yang-Jun, Wang Shi-Bo, and Zhang Yuan-Ming |
| Maintainer: | Yuanming Zhang <soyzhang at mail.hzau.edu.cn> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| CRAN checks: | QTL.gCIMapping.GUI results |
| Reference manual: | QTL.gCIMapping.GUI.pdf |
| Package source: | QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.zip, r-release: QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.zip, r-oldrel: QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: QTL.gCIMapping.GUI_1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=QTL.gCIMapping.GUI to link to this page.


HOME
CONTACT US
The Contact Details are as follows:
Contact No : +919967031670
Email ID<EMAIL_ADDRESS>gaurav.thakur157@nmims.edu.in


KSh 2500
Small beautiful color * Elegant fashion* Exquisite Volume* Space saving* 360 degree rotation series* Split design* Built in water sanitary filter* Electrical safety and health security system in three ways 1. After the water boils off the power supply automatically 2. Boil dry protection after power off 3. Automatically cut off power supply to prevent overheating
| Description | Specification |
|---|---|
| SKU | JB123EL0KCZWHNAFAMZ |
| Weight (kg) | 0.05 |
| Main material | Stainless Steel |


(Deprecated API)
(Deprecated API)
(Deprecated API)
Includes enterprise licensing and support
In the Google Maps API, you can customize markers by setting properties of the GIcon
class. This screencast will show you how to create custom images in Adobe Photoshop® and set up your code appropriately.
Click on the screenshot below to open the screencast. Watching the screencast requires the Adobe Adobe's Flash® Player plug-in. You can navigate through the screencast by moving the slider or pressing the backwards/forwards buttons.
You can download a zip file that contains the following sample code and files:
The following links should be useful for you in following this screencast or finding out more about custom icons:


제주도에 사는 유나,용훈의 딸 이지율을 위해
지율이 최근 모습Our themes are updated regularly to keep them bug free!
All dependencies are kept current to keep things fresh.
You can use this design as is, or you can make changes!
Is it really open source if it's not made with love?
이 전화번호로 전화하는거야!


bpy_extras submodule (bpy_extras.object_utils)¶
-
bpy_extras.object_utils.
add_object_align_init
(context, operator)¶ Return a matrix using the operator settings and view context.
Parameters: - context (
bpy.types.Context
) – The context to use. - operator (
bpy.types.Operator
) – The operator, checked for location and rotation properties.
Returns: the matrix from the context and settings.
Return type: - context (
-
bpy_extras.object_utils.
object_data_add
(context, obdata, operator=None, name=None)¶ Add an object using the view context and preference to initialize the location, rotation and layer.
Parameters: - context (
bpy.types.Context
) – The context to use. - obdata (valid object data type or None.) – the data used for the new object.
- operator (
bpy.types.Operator
) – The operator, checked for location and rotation properties. - name (string) – Optional name
Returns: the newly created object in the scene.
Return type: - context (
-
bpy_extras.object_utils.
object_add_grid_scale
(context)¶ Return scale which should be applied on object data to align it to grid scale
-
bpy_extras.object_utils.
object_add_grid_scale_apply_operator
(operator, context)¶ Scale an operators distance values by the grid size.
-
bpy_extras.object_utils.
world_to_camera_view
(scene, obj, coord)¶ Returns the camera space coords for a 3d point. (also known as: normalized device coordinates - NDC).
Where (0, 0) is the bottom left and (1, 1) is the top right of the camera frame. values outside 0-1 are also supported. A negative ‘z’ value means the point is behind the camera.
Takes shift-x/y, lens angle and sensor size into account as well as perspective/ortho projections.
Parameters: - scene (
bpy.types.Scene
) – Scene to use for frame size. - obj (
bpy.types.Object
) – Camera object. - coord (
mathutils.Vector
) – World space location.
Returns: a vector where X and Y map to the view plane and Z is the depth on the view axis.
Return type: - scene (


Owner charged after dog with chewed-off leg found in yard
ONEONTA, N.Y. (AP) - A man whose dog apparently chewed off her own leg is facing animal cruelty charges after the German shepherd was found chained in a central New York yard without food or water.
Carl Pritchard, 59, of Exeter, was charged Monday with cruelty and failure to provide food and shelter. It could not immediately be determined whether he has a lawyer.
A UPS driver reported seeing the dog, named Zoe, in a yard on Nov. 14 and told police it appeared its front leg had been blown off, troopers said Tuesday. The dog had been living in a plastic pet carrier, had no food and her water bowl was frozen and snow covered, police said.
The Susquehanna SPCA took the dog to a veterinarian, who did x-rays and found bones in its stomach. Dr. Joan Puritz at Oneonta Veterinary Clinic said Zoe apparently chewed off her front leg, which may have been diseased or injured.
“The dog was very emaciated,” Puritz said Tuesday. “She may not have been getting enough nutrition. The leg was probably injured and she was trying to take care of it herself.”
Zoe, who’s about 9 years old, was taken to the Cornell University veterinary school for further treatment and to determine if a mass in the shoulder above the gnawed leg is cancerous, Puritz said.
“I’ve never seen anything like this,” Puritz said. “It breaks your heart. She’s such a sweet dog.”
Sign up for Daily Newsletters
Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Tutorial 6 - SideEffects
The current say() method has a Concern that modifies its value. What if we instead want
the value to be intact, but log that value to System.out? That would be considered a side-effect
of the say() method, and should hence not be done in a Concern. It would be better to implement
this in a SideEffect. SideEffects are executed after the Mixin and all Concerns for a method are done,
which means that the final result has been computed. A SideEffect can access this result value, and
then use that for further computation, but it should not change the value or throw an exception.
SideEffects can be either typed or generic, just like Concerns. In the typed case we are
interested in specifying SideEffects for one or more particular methods, whereas in the generic
case the SideEffect is not really relying on what method is being invoked. Both are useful
in different scenarios.
The easiest way to implement a typed SideEffect is to subclass the SideEffectOf class. This gives
you access to the result of the real method invocation by using the "result" field, which has the same
type as the interface of the method you want the code to be a side-effect of. Note that calling "result"
does not actually do anything, it only returns the value (or throws the exception, if one was thrown
from the original method) that has already been computed. Similarly, since the method is already done,
you can return anything from the SideEffect method. The framework will simply throw it away, and also
ignore any exceptions that you throw in your code.
To declare that the SideEffect should be used you add the @SideEffects annotation to either the
TransientComposite type, the Mixin type, or the Mixin implementation. Either works.
Steps for this tutorial:
- Create the SideEffect class that logs the result of say() to System.out.
- Add a @SideEffects annotation with the SideEffect to the HelloWorldComposite interface.
- Remove the Concern from the previous step.
- Move the HelloWorldStateMixin from the HelloWorldState to the HelloWorldComposite interface.


VR Animation Editor
A tool for Unity for developing better animations in VR
Home
Archive
About
France Removes Internet Cut-Off Threat From its Anti-Piracy Law
Posted on
Jun 05, 2013


Abe admits involvement in guest selection for publicly funded cherry blossom-viewing party
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe admitted Wednesday that he was involved in the guest selection process for a publicly funded cherry blossom-viewing party, drawing criticism from the opposition that the public event was used for election campaigning.
The prime minister was allowed to recommend as many as 1,000 guests, with his wife, Akie, also making recommendations, government officials said in the Diet. The ruling Liberal Democratic Party, led by Abe, had a quota of roughly 6,000.
The annual cherry blossom-viewing event, which began in 1952, has been at the center of controversy ever since it came to light that hundreds of Abe supporters were invited.
For years, the government has made it a practice to finalize the guest list based on recommendations from politicians, including the prime minister, sparking criticism that the process is opaque and that the public event has been used for personal or political gain.
Abe told the Diet that his office had been soliciting a wide range of people who were interested in attending the event after the Cabinet Secretariat asked the office to recommend guests.
RELATED STORIES
- A fresh scandal blossoms as Abe gets set to become longest-serving prime minister
- Abe says his private office has no records of expenses for controversial dinner reception
- Civic group to file complaint against Abe over alleged election law violations
- Abe marks 2,887th day in office, becoming Japan's longest-serving prime minister
- Documents point to discrepancy in Abe's claim about dinner party expenses
- Kochi gubernatorial race seen as barometer on voter attitudes toward Abe
- Abe becomes Japan's longest-serving prime minister
“I gave my opinion regarding people to be recommended when consulted by my office,” Abe said, adding that the selection criteria would be the target of a “comprehensive” review by the government.
“I should deeply reflect on how it was managed,” Abe said, admitting that the guest selection criteria were unclear.
Abe had earlier denied any involvement in the guest selection, telling the Diet on Nov. 8, “I am not arranging the invitees, although I offer greetings and welcome guests as the event host.”
Despite the acknowledgment, Abe still denied that he was involved in finalizing the government’s guest list.
Opposition party lawmakers are increasingly on the offensive, taking issue with how the annual cherry blossom viewing has been organized.
“It has become obvious that a public event was treated as part of election campaigning,” Jun Azumi, the Diet affairs chief for the major opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, told reporters.
“Taxpayer money has been used for unintended purposes. We will seek a thorough explanation,” Azumi said.
Held at a Tokyo park known for its cherry blossoms, the public event is meant to honor people such as athletes and celebrities for their accomplishments.
The number of guests, along with government funding, has grown in recent years. Abe canceled next year’s event while the government review is underway.
The recent furor over the event is a headache for Abe, who on Wednesday became Japan’s longest-serving prime minister. The 65-year-old has overcome a series of favoritism allegations since his return to power in 2012, including one involving a veterinary school project managed by a friend.
In a separate parliamentary session Wednesday, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga revealed a breakdown of some 15,000 invitees to the cherry blossom viewing event.
On top of Abe’s 1,000, another 1,000 were recommended by the deputy prime minister, chief and deputy chief Cabinet secretaries. In addition to the LDP’s quota of about 6,000, another 6,000 were picked by ministries and agencies to honor their accomplishments.
“It is a hard fact that the number has been growing over many years,” Suga told the Diet session.
GET THE BEST OF THE JAPAN TIMES IN FIVE EASY PIECES WITH TAKE 5
JOIN THE CONVERSATION


| Interface and Description |
|---|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.DOMSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.Serializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.BaseMarkupSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.DOMSerializerImpl
Replaced by org.apache.xml.serializer.dom3.LSSerializerImpl in Xerces 2.9.0.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.ElementState
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.EncodingInfo
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.Encodings
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.HTMLdtd
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use JAXP's Transformation API for XML (TrAX) for
serializing HTML. See the Xerces documentation for more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.HTMLSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.6.2. It is
recommended that new applications use JAXP's Transformation API
for XML (TrAX) for serializing HTML. See the Xerces documentation
for more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.IndentPrinter
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.LineSeparator
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.Method
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.OutputFormat
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for
more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.OutputFormat.Defaults
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for
more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.OutputFormat.DTD
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for
more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.resource.config.xpath.PatternParser
will be removed in Jaxen 2.0
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.Printer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.SerializerFactory
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.TextSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML and HTML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.XHTMLSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.6.2. It is
recommended that new applications use JAXP's Transformation API
for XML (TrAX) for serializing XHTML. See the Xerces documentation
for more information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.XML11Serializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xml.serialize.XMLSerializer
This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.9.0. It is recommended
that new applications use the DOM Level 3 LSSerializer or JAXP's Transformation
API for XML (TrAX) for serializing XML. See the Xerces documentation for more
information.
|
| Field and Description |
|---|
| org.smooks.engine.delivery.sax.ng.org.apache.xerces.impl.Version.fVersion
getVersion() should be used instead.
|
| org.smooks.engine.resource.config.xpath.AbstractSelectorPath.namespaceURI |
| org.smooks.engine.resource.config.XMLConfigDigester.XSD_V12 |
Copyright © 2023. All rights reserved.


| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| InterestingPoint |
Interesting decision point with regard to materialization of intermediates.
|
| PlanAnalyzer |
Utility functions to extract structural information from the memo table,
including connected components (aka partitions) of partial fusion plans,
materialization points of partitions, and root nodes of partitions.
|
| PlanPartition | |
| PlanSelection | |
| PlanSelection.VisitMarkCost | |
| PlanSelectionFuseAll |
This plan selection heuristic aims for maximal fusion, which
potentially leads to overlapping fused operators and thus,
redundant computation but with a minimal number of materialized
intermediate results.
|
| PlanSelectionFuseCostBased |
This cost-based plan selection algorithm chooses fused operators
based on the DAG structure and resulting overall costs.
|
| PlanSelectionFuseCostBasedV2 |
This cost-based plan selection algorithm chooses fused operators
based on the DAG structure and resulting overall costs.
|
| PlanSelectionFuseNoRedundancy |
This plan selection heuristic aims for fusion without any redundant
computation, which, however, potentially leads to more materialized
intermediates than the fuse all heuristic.
|
| ReachabilityGraph | |
| ReachabilityGraph.SubProblem |
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| InterestingPoint.DecisionType |
Copyright © 2021 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


Run rosrun rospy_tutorials add_two_ints_server
as well as the websocket server to try the demo below.
Try calling the service without the server to see an error get logged in the console.
Check the JavaScript console to see if you're connected to the websocket server.


1
June 26
1: Welcome to CS 106A
Slides
Read: Karel Ch. 1-2
June 27
2: Programming with Karel
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Karel Ch. 3-4
June 28
3: Problem-solving with Karel
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Karel Ch. 5-6
Out: Assn. 1
June 29
4: Introduction to Java
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 1, 2.1-2.4, 3.1-3.4
2
July 3
5: Booleans and Control Flow
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 3.4-4.6
July 4
Holiday: July 4th
No Class
July 5
6: Control Flow and Parameters
Slides
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 5.1-5.4
Due: Assn. 1
Out: Assn. 2
July 6
7: Parameters and Return
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 5.1-5.4
3
July 10
8: Characters and Strings
Slides
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 8.1-8.4
July 11
9: Problem-Solving with Strings
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 8.5
July 12
10: File Reading
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 12.4
Due: Assn. 2
Out: Assn. 3
July 13
11: Graphics
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Read: Java Ch. 9.1-9.3
4
July 17
12: More Graphics
Slides
Code
Read: Java Ch. 9.4
July 18
13: Animation
Slides
Code
Read: Java Ch. 9
July 19
14: Events
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 10.1-10.4
July 20
15: Events and Memory
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
Due: Assn. 3
Out: Assn. 4
5
July 24
Holiday: Exam Study Day (Midterm 7-9PM)
No Class
July 25
16: Arrays
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 11.1-11.5
July 26
17: 2D Arrays
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 11.6-11.7
6
July 31
19: ArrayLists
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 11.8
Due: Assn. 4
Out: Assn. 5
August 1
20: HashMaps
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 13.2
August 2
21: Classes
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 6
August 3
22: More Classes
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 6
7
August 7
23: GCanvas and Interactors
Slides
Code
read: Java Ch. 10.5-10.6
Due: Assn. 5
Out: Assn. 6
August 8
24: Interactors and NameSurfer
Slides
Code
Practice
Practice with these additional problems on CodeStepByStep:
read: Java Ch. 10.5-10.6
August 9
25: Life After CS106A, Part 1
Slides
Code
August 10
26: Life After CS106A, Part 2
Slides
Code
8
August 15
28: Final Exam Review 2 / Wrapup
Slides
Code
Due: Assn. 6
August 16
Holiday: Exam Study Day
No Class
August 17
Holiday: Exam Study Day
No Class
August 18
Final Exam 12:15PM-3:15PM


An unofficial iCalendar generator for the Games Done Quick schedule.
The preferred avenue of consumption is through the Google Calendar, but you can also directly access the output.


A system and corresponding method for a launch vehicle or spacecraft for releasably connecting a first body ( 100) with a first interface ( 101) and a second body ( 200) with a second matching interface ( 201), said system comprising: a belt ( 300) for releasably securing said first body ( 100) to said second body ( 200); a circumferential trench ( 203) at said second interface ( 201) for receiving said belt ( 300) in order to provide for a fixation of said belt ( 300) with relation to said second body ( 200); mechanical fixation means ( 301) attaching said belt ( 300) to said first body ( 100), said mechanical fixation means ( 301) being provided to enable a circumferential shifting movement of said belt ( 300) with respect to said circumference of said first body ( 100) in order to initiate a separation of the first body ( 100) from the second body ( 200), wherein said circumferential shifting movement induces a relative movement of said belt ( 300) with respect to said circumference of said first body ( 100) in order to remove said belt ( 300) from said trench ( 203), and wherein the system further comprising a releasing mechanism ( 303) causing said circumferential shifting movement.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/262,381 filed on Nov. 18, 2009, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a zero-shock separation system for a launch vehicle or spacecraft for releasably connecting a first body with a second body, especially for connecting a payload fairing to the body of a launch vehicle or spacecraft.
It is a common requirement for spacecrafts that two bodies, also called stages have to be releasably connected to each other. Due to the extreme conditions during takeoff and flight, these connections have to be extremely stable but at the same time a quick and reliable separation of the two bodies has to be ensured.
In known separation systems, the first body, e.g. the payload fairing is connected to the second body, e.g. the body of the launch vehicle or spacecraft by the use of a pre-tensioned belt which is released/cut/disengaged when release of the first body from the second body is needed. This release is usually initiated once the launch vehicle or payload has reached a predetermined altitude/orbit.
However, when such a pre-tensioned belt is suddenly released/cut/disengaged, a strong, undesirable shock arises which is transmitted to the launch vehicle or payload. Such a shock can be dangerous since it might affect the integrity or the trajectory of the launch vehicle or payload.
Furthermore, due to the size of the two bodies that needs to be releasably connected, the pre-tensioning of the belt, as it is conventionally done, might prove to be a difficult task. Additionally, said tension in the belt might even cause an undesirable deformation of one of the two bodies.
The objective of the present invention is thus to eliminate these disadvantages and to provide a system for a launch vehicle or spacecraft for releasably connecting a first body with a second body wherein the separation of the two bodies can be initiated without causing a shock. A further objective of the present invention is to eliminate the difficult step of pre-tension the belt during connection of the two bodies. An even further objective of the present invention is to ensure that neither of the two bodies connected suffers a deformation due to the connection.
The above-identified objective of the present invention is solved by a system for a launch vehicle or spacecraft for releasably connecting a first body with a first interface and a second body with a second matching interface, said system comprising: a belt for releasably securing said first body to said second body, a circumferential trench at said second interface for receiving at least a circumferential portion of said belt in order to provide for a fixation of said circumferential portion of said belt with relation to said second body, further comprising mechanical fixation means attaching said circumferential portion of said belt to a circumference of said first body, said mechanical fixation means being provided to enable a circumferential shifting movement of said circumferential portion of said belt with respect to said circumference of said first body in order to initiate a separation of the first body from the second body, said circumferential shifting movement inducing a relative movement of said circumferential portion of said belt with respect to said circumference of said first body in order to remove said circumferential portion of said belt from said trench, and comprising a releasing mechanism causing said circumferential shifting movement.
The above-identified objective of the present invention is also solved by a method for a launch vehicle or spacecraft for releasably connecting a first body with a first interface and a second body with a second matching interface, the method comprising the steps of: providing a belt for releasably securing said first body to said second body; providing a circumferential trench at said second interface for receiving at least a portion of said belt in order to provide for a fixation of said portion of said belt with relation to said second body; attaching said portion of said belt to a circumference of said first body by mechanical fixation means; causing a circumferential shifting movement of said portion of said belt with respect to said circumference of said first body in order to initiate a separation of the first body from the second body, by means of a releasing mechanism; wherein said circumferential shifting movement induces a relative movement of said portion of said belt with respect to said circumference of said first body in order to axially remove said portion of said belt from said trench.
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the objective of the present invention and the inventive solution summarized above, the present invention has the main advantage that the separation of the two bodies can be initiated in a smooth way, without a shock or sudden vibration and without the need of pre-tensioning the belt.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the assembly/connection of the two bodies is significantly simplified by elimination of the difficult step of pre-tensioning the belt.
An even further advantage of the present invention is that deformation of either of the two bodies due to the connection is excluded.
It shall be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale and that certain details have been drawn out of scale for clarity.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will in the following be described in detail by means of the description and by making reference to the drawings.
figref[FIG. 1] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a first embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein the first body and the second body are coaxially arranged one around the other and the belt is axially received in said circumferential trench for a radial fixation with relation to the second body and wherein said induced relative movement of the belt is an axial movement;
figref[FIG. 2] is a schematic cross-section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along line A-A′ on figref[FIG. 1] ;
figref[FIG. 3A-3C] are a sequence of schematic cross sections of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along line B-B′ on figref[FIG. 2] , depicting the steps of:
figref[FIG. 3A] : connection of the two bodies;
figref[FIG. 3B] : initiation of the separation;
figref[FIG. 3C] : separation of the two bodies;
figref[FIG. 4A] is a cross section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along the line C-C′ on figref[FIG. 3A] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means while the two bodies are connected;
figref[FIG. 4B] is a cross section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along the line D-D′ on figref[FIG. 3B] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means at the initiation of the separation;
figref[FIG. 5] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a second embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein multiple first bodies are connected to the second body by a multitude of belts and corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means;
figref[FIG. 6] is a schematic cross-section of the second embodiment the system of the present invention along line E-E′ on figref[FIG. 5] ;
figref[FIG. 7] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a third embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein a single first body is connected to the second body by a multitude of belts and corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means;
figref[FIG. 8] is a schematic cross-section of the third embodiment the system of the present invention along line F-F′ on figref[FIG. 7] ;
figref[FIG. 9] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a fourth embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein multiple first bodies are connected to the second body by a single belt and a corresponding mechanical fixation means;
figref[FIG. 10] is a schematic cross-section of the fourth embodiment the system of the present invention along line G-G′ on figref[FIG. 9] ;
figref[FIG. 11A-11C] are a sequence of schematic cross sections of preferred embodiment the system of the present invention, depicting details of the first interface and the second interface comprising first retention means and second retention means, in the steps of:
figref[FIG. 11A] : connection of the two bodies;
figref[FIG. 11B] : initiation of the separation;
figref[FIG. 11C] : separation of the two bodies;
figref[FIG. 12A] is a cross section of the preferred embodiment the system of the present invention along the line H-H′ on figref[FIG. 11A] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means while the two bodies are connected;
figref[FIG. 12B] is a cross section of the preferred embodiment of the system of the present invention along the line I-I′ on figref[FIG. 11B] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means at the initiation of the separation;
figref[FIG. 13A] is a schematic side view of a launch vehicle or spacecraft wherein a payload fairing is connected with the launch vehicle or spacecraft by means of a system according to the present invention while the two are connected;
figref[FIG. 13B] is a schematic side view of a launch vehicle or spacecraft wherein a payload fairing is connected with the launch vehicle or spacecraft by means of a system according to the present invention at the separation stage;
figref[FIG. 14] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a further embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein the first body and the second body are coaxially arranged one above/on top of the other and the belt is radially received in said circumferential trench for an axial fixation with relation to the second body and wherein said induced relative movement of the belt is a radial movement;
figref[FIG. 15] is a schematic cross-section of the further embodiment of the system of the present invention along line J-J′ on figref[FIG. 14] ; and
figref[FIG. 16A-16C] are a sequence of schematic cross sections of the further embodiment of the system of the present invention along line K-K′ on figref[FIG. 15] , depicting the steps of:
figref[FIG. 16A] : connection of the two bodies;
figref[FIG. 16B] : initiation of the separation;
figref[FIG. 16C] : separation of the two bodies.
Certain terms will be used in this patent application, the formulation of which should not be interpreted to be limited by the specific term chosen, but as to relate to the general concept behind the specific term.
The terms launch vehicle or spacecraft shall mean in the context of the present invention any type of launch vehicle or spacecraft such as a rocket, space-ship or space-station. When referring to a belt, any kind of longitudinal fixation means shall be understood which may act as a circumferential fixation. The term belt shall not be limited to a fully closed circumference.
The term trench shall be used with the meaning of any kind of groove, cut, or any long narrow furrow or channel. The term interface and corresponding matching interface shall be used to refer to a pair of form fitted segments having matching profiles.
figref[FIG. 1] shows a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a first embodiment the system of the present invention. A first body 100, here a circumferential quarter segment of a cylinder, with a first interface 101 is connected with a second interface 201 of a second body 200, here a cylindrical body. In this embodiment of the invention, the first body and the second body are coaxially arranged one around the other. The second interface 201 of the second body 200 is further provided with a circumferential trench 203 for axially receiving, preferably along a common longitudinal axis A 0 of the first body 100 and the second body 200, at least a circumferential portion of the belt 300. When said circumferential portion of the belt 300 is received in the circumferential trench 203, a radial fixation of the belt 300 with relation to the second body 200 is achieved. As seen on figref[FIG. 1] , the belt 300 surrounds, at least partially, the first body 100 and thus when it is radially fixed with respect to the second body 200 it provides a corresponding radial fixation of the first body 100 with respect to the second body 200 too.
figref[FIG. 2] depicts a cross-section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along line A-A′ on figref[FIG. 1] . The arrangement of the first body 100 around a circumferential segment of the second body 200 is clearly shown here. The belt 300, fixed within the circumferential trench 203, surrounds at least partially the first body 100 and is fixed thereto by mechanical fixation means 301. These mechanical fixation means 301 attach a circumferential portion of the belt 300 to a circumference of the first body 100.
figref[FIGS. 3A to 3C] depict a sequence of schematic cross sections of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along line B-B′ on figref[FIG. 2] .
figref[FIG. 3A] shows the system of the present invention when the first body 100 is connected to the second body 200 by means of the belt 300 being radially fixed in the circumferential trench 203. By a corresponding profile of the circumferential trench 203, a radial dislocation of the belt 300 from the circumferential trench 203 is prevented. Thus, the first body 100 is radially fixed with respect to the second body 200.
figref[FIG. 3B] shows the system of the present invention when the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200 has been initiated by inducing an axial movement of said circumferential portion of said belt 300 with respect to said circumference of said first body 100 in order to axially remove said circumferential portion of said belt 300 from said circumferential trench 203. Thus, as seen on this figref[FIG. 3C] , once belt 300 is not retained anymore in the circumferential trench 203, the first body 100, with the belt 300 attached is free to radially separate from the second body 200.
figref[FIG. 4A] shows a cross section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along the line C-C′ on figref[FIG. 3A] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means 301 while the first body 100 is connected to the second body 200 and said belt 300 is received in the circumferential trench 203. In the depicted embodiment, the mechanical fixation means 301 comprises at least a pair of one elongated and inclined hole 305 and a bolt 307.
figref[FIG. 4B] depicts a cross section of the first embodiment the system of the present invention along the line D-D′ on figref[FIG. 3B] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means 301 at the initiation of the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200, showing the collaboration of the bolt 307 with the elongated and inclined hole 305 so that a circumferential shifting movement indicated by arrow h induces an axial movement indicated by arrow v. The circumferential shifting movement indicated by arrow h will lead to the belt 300 being removed from the circumferential trench 203, releasing it from the radial fixation enforced by the circumferential trench 203, allowing the first body 100 to separate from the second body 200.
However, other suitable fixation means 301 can be used to cause the release of the belt 300 from the circumferential trench 203. Such as electronically or pyrotechnically initiated separators as known in the art.
figref[FIG. 5] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a second embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein multiple first bodies 100 are connected to the second body by a multitude of belts 300 and corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means 301. The four segmented first bodies 100 are preferably symmetrical. The concept of radial fixation by means of the belt 300 being received in a circumferential trench 203 described in relation with the first embodiment apply in this embodiment as well to each individual first body 100 and corresponding belts 300, each with corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means 301. It is to be pointed out that the although figref[FIG. 5] shows a one-to-one relation between the number of belts 300 and the number of first bodies 100, this is not a requirement of the present invention, as multiple first bodies 100 may be fixed with a single belt 300 and multiple belts 300 could be employed for fixing a single first body 100.
figref[FIG. 6] represents a schematic cross-section of the second embodiment the system of the present invention along line E-E′ on figref[FIG. 5] wherein multiple first bodies 100 are connected to the second body by a multitude of belts 300 and corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means 301.
figref[FIG. 7] is a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a third embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein a single first body 100 is connected to the second body 200 by a multitude of belts 300 and corresponding multitude of mechanical fixation means. Furthermore, figref[FIG. 7] shows a pair of separation means 109 for allowing said first body 100 to separate into segments, two halves in the depicted examples. The separation means 109 are of the type known in the art, such as explosive charges, tension initiated separators, releasable joints, heat dissolved adhesives, etc.
Also shown on figref[FIG. 7] are releasing mechanisms 303 provided for circumferentially connecting adjacent belts 300. These releasing mechanisms 303 have two functions:
initiating a circumferential shifting movement of the belt 300 in order to initiate the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the releasing mechanisms 303 also allows two adjacent circumferential portions of the belt 300 to be releasably joint. As the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200 is initiated the releasing mechanisms 303 disconnect said adjacent circumferential portions of the belt 300, allowing the later to separate.
figref[FIG. 8] shows a schematic cross-section of the third embodiment the system of the present invention along line F-F′ on figref[FIG. 7] , also depicting the circumferential arrangement of multiple belts 300 connected by corresponding releasing mechanisms 303. As shown here, the releasing mechanism 303 may be a releasable tensioned spring, or some other remotely activatable release mechanism forcing the corresponding circumferential portions of the belt 300 in a circumferential shifting movement to initiate the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200 and optionally to allow separation of adjacent circumferential portions of the belt 300, or of separate adjacent belts 300.
figref[FIG. 9] is a schematic perspective diagram depicting a fourth embodiment the system of the present invention, wherein multiple first bodies 100 are connected to the second body 200 by a single belt 300 and corresponding mechanical fixation means 301. The concept of radial fixation by means of the belt 300 being received in a circumferential trench 203 described in relation with the first embodiment apply in this embodiment as well to each individual first body 100 fixed by a single belt 300, with corresponding mechanical fixation means 301.
figref[FIG. 10] shows schematic cross-section of the fourth embodiment the system of the present invention along line G-G′ on figref[FIG. 9] depicting the arrangement of multiple first bodies 100 connected to the second body 200 by a single belt 300.
The sequence of figref[FIGS. 11A to 11C] show schematic cross sections of a preferred embodiment the system of the present invention, depicting details of the first interface and the second interface comprising first axial retention means 105 and second axial retention means 205 respectively. As seen on this sequence of figures, the first axial retention means 105 and the second axial retention means 205 are a pair of matching profiles of the first interface 101 and the second interface 201, wherein this matching profile is designed such, that it prevents an axial dislocation of the first body 100 with respect to the second body 200 when the first body 100 is radially fixed with respect to the second body 200. In the preferred embodiment shown on figref[FIGS. 11A to 11C] , the first axial retention means 105 and second axial retention means 205 are a pair of matching ear and plug arrangement of the profiles of the first interface 101 and the second interface 201, wherein the first axial retention means 105 is a radial extension of the first interface 101 which is received by the second axial retention means 205 which is a radial cut-out or groove in the second interface 201.
figref[FIG. 11A] shows the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the belt 300 and trench 203 arrangement prevents radial dislocation of the first body 100 with respect to the first body 100, and thus the pair of first axial retention means 105 and second axial retention means 205 prevent an axial dislocation.
When the belt 300 is forced by the releasing mechanism 303 (not shown here) out of the circumferential trench 203, as shown on figref[FIG. 11B] , the prevention of axial dislocation provided by the first axial retention means 105 in combination with the second axial retention means 205 ceases to exist and the first body 100 is free to separate from the second body 200 as shown on figref[FIG. 11C] .
figref[FIG. 12A] is a cross section of the preferred embodiment the system of the present invention along the line H-H′ on figref[FIG. 11A] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means 301 while the two bodies are connected and said belt 300 is received in the circumferential trench 203. In the depicted embodiment, the mechanical fixation means 301 comprises at least a pair of one elongated and inclined hole 305 and a bolt 307.
figref[FIG. 12B] shows a cross section of the preferred embodiment the system of the present invention along the line I-I′ on figref[FIG. 11B] , depicting details of the mechanical fixation means 301 at the initiation of the separation, showing the collaboration of the bolt 307 with the elongated and inclined hole 305 so that a circumferential shifting movement indicated by arrow h induces an axial movement indicated by arrow v. The circumferential shifting movement indicated by arrow h will lead to the belt 300 being removed from the circumferential trench 203, releasing it from the radial fixation enforced by the circumferential trench 203, allowing the first body 100 to separate from the second body 200.
figref[FIG. 13A] is a schematic side view of a launch vehicle or spacecraft wherein a payload fairing, corresponding to the first body 100, is connected with the launch vehicle or spacecraft, corresponding to the second body 200, by means of a system according to the present.
figref[FIG. 13B] shows a schematic side view of the launch vehicle or spacecraft depicted on figref[FIG. 13A] at the separation stage, when the payload fairing, corresponding to the first body 100, separates from the launch vehicle or spacecraft, corresponding to the second body 200.
figref[FIG. 14] shows a schematic perspective diagram, depicting a further embodiment the system of the present invention. As opposed to the other embodiments hereinbefore presented, in this embodiment of the present invention, the first body 100 and the second body 200 are coaxially arranged one above/on top of the other and the belt 300 is radially received in said circumferential trench 203 for an axial fixation with relation to the second body 200 and wherein said induced relative movement of the belt 300 is a radial movement.
Furthermore, the present invention can be applied without departing from its inventive concept at any fixation/release angle not only in the radial respectively axial directions depicted in the drawings. The depicted embodiments are merely examples in some of the more common, axial/radial directions.
A first body 100, for example rocket head, with a first interface 101 is connected with a second interface 201 of a second body 200, here a cylindrical body. The interface 101 of the first body 100 is further provided with a circumferential trench 203 for radially receiving at least a circumferential portion of the belt 300. When said circumferential portion of the belt 300 is received in the circumferential trench 203, an axial fixation of the belt 300 with relation to the second body 200 is achieved. As seen on figref[FIG. 14] , the belt 300 surrounds, at least partially, the first body 100 and thus when it is axially fixed with respect to the second body 200 it provides a corresponding axial fixation of the first body 100 with respect to the second body 200 too.
figref[FIG. 15] depicts a cross-section of the embodiment the system of the present invention along line J-J′ on figref[FIG. 14] . The arrangement of the first body 100 on top of the second body 200 can be seen here. The belt 300, fixed within the circumferential trench 203, surrounds at least partially the first body 100 and is fixed thereto by mechanical fixation means 301. These mechanical fixation means 301 attach a circumferential portion of the belt 300 to a circumference of the first body 100.
figref[FIGS. 16A to 16C] depict a sequence of schematic cross sections of the embodiment of the system of the present invention along line K-K′ on figref[FIG. 15] .
figref[FIG. 16A] shows the system of the present invention when the first body 100 is connected to the second body 200 by means of the belt 300 being axially fixed in the circumferential trench 203. By a corresponding profile of the circumferential trench 203, an axial dislocation of the belt 300 from the circumferential trench 203 is prevented. Thus, the first body 100 is axially fixed with respect to the second body 200.
figref[FIG. 16B] shows the system of the present invention when the separation of the first body 100 from the second body 200 has been initiated by inducing a radial movement of said circumferential portion of said belt 300 with respect to said circumference of said first body 100 in order to radially remove said circumferential portion of said belt 300 from said circumferential trench 203. Thus, as seen on this figref[FIG. 16C] , once belt 300 is not retained anymore in the circumferential trench 203, the first body 100 is free to axially separate from the second body 200.
It will be understood that many variations could be adopted based on the specific structure hereinbefore described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.


{{ template "base.html" . }} {{ define "lang" }}{{ .Lang }}{{ end }} {{ define "title" }}{{ GetText .Lang "Are you using Tor?" }}{{ end }} {{ define "body" }} {{ if .NotSmall }}
{{ end }}{{ GetText .Lang "Your IP address appears to be: " }} {{ .IP }}
{{ if .UpToDate }}
{{ GetText .Lang "There is a security update available for the Tor Browser Bundle." }}
{{ GetText .Lang "Click here to go to the download page" | UnEscaped }}
{{ if .IsTor }}
{{ GetText .Lang "Please refer to the Tor website for further information about using Tor safely. You are now free to browse the Internet anonymously." | UnEscaped }}
{{ GetText .Lang "For more information about this exit relay, see:" }} Atlas.
{{ else }}
{{ GetText .Lang "If you are attempting to use a Tor client, please refer to the Tor website and specifically the instructions for configuring your Tor client." | UnEscaped }}
{{ end }}
{{ GetText .Lang "This page is also available in the following languages:" }}


Simple icon:
Flag icon with a label:
A label for the icon
Chevron icon with a label on the left side and a size of 2x:
Go right


YouTube Data Analysis
Hadoop MapReduce Results
Category-wise count of Videos
Video Upload Count per Channel
View Count Per Video
Menu
Homepage
Visualizations
Get More Data
Hadoop MapReduce Results


This chrome extension was named "ILGRL", which stands for I Like Google
Rather Links. When web users clicked a link, the users expected that the
new articles are appeared. However, some links are directed to
intermediate websites. In this case, the user needs to seek content and
then click the link. This chrome extension uses google search rather
than URL navigation by links. The reason is simple - I like google
rather links.
More information alive at: https://github.com/limura/ILGRL


'Teen Mom' star Jenelle Evans in talks to return to MTV series: report
by The Sun"Teen Mom 2" star Jenelle Evans may be making a dramatic return to the MTV reality show.
The network has apparently been in talks to bring her back to the series after a worrying ratings slide, according to RadarOnline.
That’s after she was fired from the show when her husband, David Eason, shot and killed the family french bulldog, named Nugget.
JENELLE EVANS RESPONDS TO ALLEGATIONS SHE ‘FABRICATED’ DAVID EASON DOG KILLING ‘FOR PUBLICITY’
David got the ax in 2018 himself following an apparent homophobic twitter rant.
But since 27-year-old Jenelle’s departure, viewing figures have tanked and the network is reportedly desperate to deliver better ratings, even if that means bringing back the controversial former cast member.
A source told Radar: “Jenelle has been talking to MTV and it has been about her coming back.”
After her sacking Jenelle initially remained with David, even after Child Protective Services reportedly temporarily removed her children from their custody.
But she recently posted on Instagram that she has filed for divorce from him after two years of marriage.
RadarOnline reports she dumped David because he doesn’t work and she was broke without her hefty MTV paycheck.
JENELLE EVANS FILES FOR DIVORCE FROM DAVID EASON: 'I NEED TO MAKE CHANGES'
That led to him threatening to release "jaw-dropping" information and vowing, "the truth will come out."
The mom-of-three to Jace, Kaiser and Ensley also revealed she had taken a temporary restraining order against David.
She said: “Because of his recent threats, his history of violence, his erratic behavior and his large stockpile of weapons, I am scared for my life and my children’s well-being.”
Jenelle claimed that after she went out of town and arranged for childcare without telling him, David went into a terrifying rage.
He apparently texted her a photo of a man writing: “This is your new boyfriend. I’m going to break his neck and feed you his head. My goal in life is to make sure you regret leaving me like this.”
She also claimed David screamed at her earlier this year: “You can die for all I care. You’re a piece of s**t.
'TEEN MOM' STAR AMBER PORTWOOD ARRESTED FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
But all this disturbing drama is apparently not stopping MTV from considering Jenelle joining the cast again in an attempt to reverse the sliding ratings.
That’s down from last season’s 1.18 million premiere. And the numbers aren’t getting any better.
TVByTheNumbers.com reports the series sunk to a season-low of 650,000 last month.
This story originally appeared in The Sun.


 It's also the film debut of the now-famous Coen Brothers, Joel and Ethan, and watching it today, one could easily deduct that the Coen Brothers had not yet found their style, and therefore the film is kind of lacking or something or other. But when viewed as a real film, it's really an amazing piece of storytelling, and one hell of a fun one at that.
The plot of "Blood Simple" is so complex and labyrinthine that to tell everything would be to spoil half the fun of the fun of viewing it, as it's a film that is always in motion, and is chock-full of suprises that are really surprising (how's that for a concept?). But the basic plot deals with a seedy bar owner, Marty (Dan Hedaya), who's wife Abby (a very young Frances McDormand) is found cheating with one of his bartenders, Ray (John Getz), so Marty decides after much angered thought that he'll hire a Private Investigator, Visser (M. Emmet Walsh), the same one who discovered them for him, to kill them.
Up to this point, it's standard film noir and nothing really spectacular, but then the film throws us for a loop, which I won't spoil, and the film from that point on becomes a tense, nightmarish experience, filled with twists upon twists upon twists, and ending with a final laugh, not on the audiences' part, but on one of the characters. What's most remarkable about this film is that it doesn't try to throw the audience off with cheap twists; instead it tells it to us as omnipotent viewers, knowing everything, and because of this we watch helplessly as the characters on screen stumble around without all the facts.
When one carefully thinks and comes to their own conclusion about this film (this film is anything but condescending and insulting), one realizes that no character is one hundred percent certain what's going on. The film is told so that the characters are often confused, and we follow each of them around as they try and figure everything out, and often do things that they wouldn't do if they knew everything. One character walks in to a place at the wrong time, and is forced to do a horrific act that will haunt him the rest of the film. And another character discovers that they have left incriminating evidence around but don't know where it is. And yet another character has no clue what's going on until the final couple seconds of the film. Even a couple characters live with the guilt of things they did not even do, but for some exaplainable reason think they did. The plot of "Blood Simple" is carefully constructed so that all this is assured with intelligence and even wit.
This being the film debut of the Coens, we can see that they hadn't really gotten their wacky, eccentric style down yet, which wouldn't erupt until their next film, the hysterically funny comedy "Raising Arizona." But no matter; this film would be ruined with any of that kind of style. It's not the kind of film that would be good if it was hysterical or wacky. But this film does have the kind of great direction it needs. It has lots of great shots that are very remarkable, including a misleading tracking shot which at first looks like a POV shot, then turns out to be just a low-angle smooth steadicam closing shot. And several sequences are intensely crafted, like a long bit where one character tries to dispose of a corpse (including a bit they would recycle in "Fargo"), and the finale, which is one of the most frightening sequences filmed, ending perfectly with a little cherry on top at the end.
The performances aren't really amazing or anything, save for M. Emmet Walsh's, who's predictably brilliant (when isn't he?) as the unscrupulous and wonderfully selfish crooked P.I. He easily steals the film. But Dan Hedaya's also very good, even though it doesn't seem like he's good at first (he's usually hysterically tense), but upon closer examination, he's great as a man who has held all his rage up inside, and can't control himself when he boils over in fits of rage. Also good is Frances McDormand, who mostly plays the frightened woman. It's no Margie Gunderson, but what are ya gonna do? The only not too great performance is from John Getz, who is remarkably down-playing his part. Getz's forte is playing pompous asswholes (in such anti-classics as "Men at Work" and "Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead" - yes, I've seen them); here he seems just a bit weak.
It's often been said "Blood Simple" is the best Coen Brothers film, or at least a contender for best with "Fargo." I personally think "Fargo" is a better film, much more better realized and executed. But "Blood Simple" is still one of their best films, a masterfully crafted and executed thriller film noir that surprises us with lots of twists, and some truly awe-inspiring sequences which scare the hell out of us merely because we the audience know to much and are not sure how to react to seeing a character do something we know they shouldn't do but they don't. It would be easy to take "Blood Simple" for granted, calling it merely "a great thriller." It's not just that. It's a film that is so carefully constructed and so modest about it that it amazes you when you finally realize it.
MY RATING (out of 4): ****
Homepage at: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/8335/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- title: Core Inventory Upload Requests keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "Core.rq_inventory_upload is a collection of function wrappers around the Discogs API for inventory uploads." ---
# Example for usage of add_new_listings_using_csv
csv_path = Path("../test_example/file.csv")
with open(csv_path, "rb") as upload_file:
add_new_listings_using_csv(user=example_user,
file=upload_file)
pd.read_csv(csv_path)
# Example for usage of update_existing_listings_using_csv
csv_path = Path("../test_example/file.csv")
with open(csv_path, "rb") as upload_file:
update_existing_listings_using_csv(user=example_user,
file=upload_file)
pd.read_csv(csv_path)
# Example for usage of delete_listings_using_csv
csv_path = Path("../test_example/delete_file.csv")
with open(csv_path, "rb") as upload_file:
delete_listings_using_csv(user=example_user,
file=upload_file)
pd.read_csv(csv_path)
# Example for usage of get_list_of_recent_uploads
get_list_of_recent_uploads(user=example_user,
page=1,
per_page=3)
# Example for usage of get_upload
get_upload(user=example_user,
upload_id=191405)


Manage Restaurants
|
Manage Orders
|
Manage Foods
|
View Comments
|
View Restaurants
All the restaurants that has registered with the system
Restaurant No.
Restaurant Name
Location
×
Select Restaurant location.
×
Add New Restaurant.


Codetally helps you determine the costs of developing projects over time. You control the configuration with files in your Github repo. Calculations occur in real-time with every commit.
Needs help installing the Codetally App? Check out our installation page.
By defining the charges that apply to your repository's commits, you can calculate the cost of developing your project automatically.
And its pretty painless. Just update a timelog.json
file with each commit and we will use that instead for calculating the cost of a commit.
Just like Github, Codetally is free for public open source projects.
Cats not included.


Education
- Homeschooled
- Middle School
- High School
Work Experience
- Landscaper
- IT / Data Input
- Dishwasher
- Line Cook
- Sous Chef
Favorites
Anything from food to locations. Here are a few of my favorite things.
- Zootopia
- A properly cooked and seasoned New York Strip
- Blood Diamonds (movie)
- Motorcycles
- Mini Coopers
- Wit


Google is a search engine that can be employed to find a variety of information such as websites, pictures, maps or even just the answer to the crossword clue that's been driving you mad all morning! the preview page.
Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.


Follow these steps to run a backtest:
If the project builds successfully, "New backtest: projectName is in the queue" displays.
You can refresh or close the page while the backtest is executing without interfering with it because the backtest runs on our cloud servers.