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URSSI Implementation Plan
Welcome
1
Introduction
1.1
Nature of the problem
1.2
Valuing producers of research software
1.3
Why we ran this conceptualization
1.4
What we plan to do and why
2
URSSI Conceptualization
2.1
Workshops
2.2
Website / Newsletter/ Blog
2.3
Survey
2.4
Ethnography
2.5
Winter School
2.6
Joint Activities
2.6.1
Research Software Alliance (ReSA)
2.6.2
Research Software Engineering (RSE)
2.7
Synthesis of URSSI Activities
3
URSSI Plan
3.1
Mission and Vision
3.2
Planning assumptions, methods, and principles
3.3
Desired impact
4
Organization & Management
5
Policy
5.1
Subgoals
5.2
Area Structure
5.3
Resources
5.4
Methods and processes
5.4.1
Challenges
5.4.2
Partners
5.4.3
Planned Activity Pool
5.5
Work with other parts of URSSI
5.6
Metrics/Milestones
6
Education & Training
6.1
Resources
6.2
Methods
6.2.1
Develop and annually run a summer school on practices for sustainable software development for research software
6.2.2
Develop a Research Project Carpentry lesson program that teaches people how to turn code into a formal project
6.2.3
Plan a review service for software project plans
6.2.4
Evaluate and document successes and failures of the use of industrial software development practices in research software
6.2.5
Compile and maintain a body of knowledge of best practices for research software development
6.3
Cross-cutting Activities
6.4
Metrics/Milestones
7
Incubator
7.1
Background
7.2
Evidence base
7.3
Incubators Background
7.4
URSSI Incubator
7.5
Resources
7.6
Methods
7.6.1
Project Solicitation and Selection:
7.6.2
Project Entry
7.6.3
Incubator Activities
7.6.4
Project Graduation or Exit
7.6.5
Relationship to Funding and External Awards
7.7
Metrics/Milestones
8
Community & Outreach
9
Final Words
References
Published from GitHub
via bookdown
URSSI Implementation Plan
Chapter 8
Community & Outreach
Coming soon.


|
Class Summary |
| DataSetCore |
The class encapsulates a set of gene expression data |
| DataTable |
Class encapsulates a panel which is used to display the direct contents of a file in table format |
| GoAnnotations |
The class encapsulates the data and functions related to
the Gene Ontology and gene set enrichment analysis |
| GoAnnotations.GoRec |
Stores GO enrichment results for one category |
| GoAnnotations.GoResults |
Encapsulates a set of GO enrichment results |
| GoAnnotations.ProfileGORankingRec |
Stores info about a profile's ranking according to the current order by criteria |
| GoAnnotations.Rec |
Rec is a Gene Ontology hierarchy record
a GO ID will map to the record
A record contains a name and a set of parent records |
| GoAnnotations.RecCompare |
Comparator for GoRec based on actual size p-value |
| GoAnnotations.RecCompareBinom |
Comparator for GoRec based on expected size p-value |
| GoAnnotations.RecCount |
A count of the total count of the number of genes in a set (dtotal)
and the number selected based on the ordering criteria (dmatch) |
| GoAnnotations.RecIDpval |
A record containing a GO ID and a p-val |
| GoAnnotations.RecIDpval2 |
A record containing a GO ID and an actual and an expected size p-val |
| ListDialog |
|
| MultiLineHeaderRenderer |
Class implements multiple lines in a table header
Code based on
http://www.codeguru.com/java/articles/126.shtml |
| SpringUtilities |
Class for manipulating layout
Code from
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/examples/layout/SpringGridProject/src/layout/SpringUtilities.java
here is the copyright for that code
Copyright (c) 1995 - 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. |
| StatUtil |
The class implements static methods to compute values related to
the binomial, hypergeometric, and normal distribution |
| TableModelSetST |
Class implements a table model, which is used for the define gene set table |
| TableModelST |
Class implements a standard table model |
| TableSorter |
This class is a modifed version of the Java TableSorter class
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/examples/components/TableSorterDemoProject/src/components/TableSorter.java
Copyright for this sample code
==============================================================
Copyright (c) 1995 - 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. |
| Util |
Class of static utility functions and static variables |


Leaflet is a new JavaScript library for embedding maps which is quickly gaining popularity. Simpler and smaller than OpenLayers, it is a good choice for those with fairly standard embedding needs. On this page, we explain how to create a simple embedded map with markers using Leaflet, as shown on a recent switcher to OpenStreetMap, property site PlotBrowser.com.
You can download Leaflet from its own site at leafletjs.com. The source is available as a .zip, or you can fork it on GitHub.Leaflet uses a permissive BSD open-source licence so can be incorporated into any site without legal worries.Copy the `dist/ `directory to the place on your webserver where the embedding page will be served from, and rename it `leaflet/` .
For ease of use, we’ll create a .js file with all our map code in it. You can of course put this inline in the main page if you like. Create this page in your `leaflet/` directory and call it `leafletembed.js.`Use the following code in leafletembed.js:
var map; var ajaxRequest; var plotlist; var plotlayers=[]; function initmap() { // set up the map map = new L.Map('map'); // create the tile layer with correct attribution var osmUrl='http://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png'; var osmAttrib='Map data © <"a "href="http://openstreetmap.org">OpenStreetMap"a"> contributors'; var osm = new L.TileLayer(osmUrl, {minZoom: 8, maxZoom: 12, attribution: osmAttrib}); // start the map in South-East England map.setView(new L.LatLng(51.3, 0.7),9); map.addLayer(osm); }
Then include it in your embedding page like this:
link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="leaflet/leaflet.css" script type="text/javascript" src="leaflet/leaflet.js" script type="text/javascript" src="leaflet/leafletembed.js"
Add an appropriately-sized `div` called `map` to your embedding page; then, finally, add some JavaScript to your embedding page to initialise the map, either at the end of the page or on an `onload` event:
initmap();
Congratulations; you have embedded your first map with Leaflet.
There are several excellent examples on the Leaflet website. Here we’ll demonstrate one more common case: showing clickable markers on the map, where the marker locations are reloaded from the server as the user pans around. First, we’ll add the standard AJAX code of the type you’ll have seen a thousand times before. At the top of the `initmap` function in `leafletembed.js`, add:
// set up AJAX request ajaxRequest=getXmlHttpObject(); if (ajaxRequest==null) { alert ("This browser does not support HTTP Request"); return; }
then add this new function elsewhere in `leafletembed.js:`
function getXmlHttpObject() { if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { return new XMLHttpRequest(); } if (window.ActiveXObject) { return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } return null; }
Next, we’ll add a function to request the list of markers (in JSON) for the current map viewport:
function askForPlots() { // request the marker info with AJAX for the current bounds var bounds=map.getBounds(); var minll=bounds.getSouthWest(); var maxll=bounds.getNorthEast(); var msg='leaflet/findbybbox.cgi?format=leaflet&bbox='+minll.lng+','+minll.lat+','+maxll.lng+','+maxll.lat; ajaxRequest.onreadystatechange = stateChanged; ajaxRequest.open('GET', msg, true); ajaxRequest.send(null); }
This talks to a serverside script which simply returns a JSON array of the properties we want to display on the map, like this:
[{"name":"Tunbridge Wells, Langton Road, Burnt Cottage", "lon":"0.213102", "lat":"51.1429", "details":"A Grade II listed five bedroom wing in need of renovation."}]
(etc.)
Finally, let’s wire this into the rest of our script. After we’ve added the map in initmap, let’s ask for the first load of markers, and set up an event to do this every time the map is panned. Add this just at the end of initmap:
askForPlots(); map.on('moveend', onMapMove); } // then add this as a new function... function onMapMove(e) { askForPlots(); }


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A JavaScript project
Examples:
other examples
Algorithms - sample example
Data structure:
Algorithms - arrays


The MORTICIA Style Guide¶
The
MORTICIA
style guide is a comprehensive source of all things related toMORTICIA
nomenclature. This guide is developed to be compatible with python 2.7, no immediate consideration is given to python 3.x at this stage.MORTICIA
developers suspect that any changes for python 3.x will be subtle, unobtrusive and non-detrimental toMORTICIA
development.The style guide will be segmented into the following sections:
- Code formatting, in particular the use of PEP-8
- Code documenting, with a focus on docstring formatting
- Conventions indigenous to MORTICIA framework
To PEP-8 or not to PEP-8¶
While PEP-8, a high-level set of conventions has become the de facto standard for pythonic coding, it was deemed necessary by the MORTICIA
developers
to make certain exceptions. Similarly the PEP-257 is a set of guidelines for python docstrings.
A comprehensive PEP-8 guide can be found here, while a pdf PEP-8 cheat sheet can be found here.
The PEP-8 guides referenced above provides a thorough encapsulation of the do’s and dont’s of efficient and consistent python programming, it is however not all inclusive. There are topics which the guide does not address. This is in no way detrimental to any python development and attempting to fill these gaps are probably not an essential topic for the PEP-8 authors to address. Importantly, the PEP-8 is just a guide and one should not become indoctrinated with it’s contents. To paraphrase Guido Van Rossum (Python’s creator), it is important for ones python code to be consistent with PEP-8, it is more important to be consistent within a project, but it is most important to be consistent within one function or module.
The Python programming language is designed to be an easy-to-read, easy-to-write language. The PEP-8 style guide aims to accentuate this strong point of python by providing a means of consistency and optimal readability.
For sake of completeness the more commonly used cases of PEP-8 will be shown herein. It will be split into sub sections, after which a short section on MORTICIA's
deviations will be noted. Where feasible
a short discussion/ motivation together with an example will be provided
Code Layout¶
- Indentation : Use four space indentations. Most editors enforce this rule automatically. Spaces are preferred over tabs for indentation, tabs should be used however when adding to
code that already implements tabs for indentation (consistency is key).
- Blank lines : Two blank lines on either side of a top level function or class definition. Method definitions inside a class are surrounded by a single blank line. Use blank lines
sparingly inside function definitions to indicate logical sections.
"""docstrings enclosed by triple quotes go here. """ import statements_go_here def top_level_func(): does stuff return things class FooBar(object): """Class docstrings supplied for all public classes, functions and methods """ def __init__(self, foo, bar): initialise things in here return def internal_func(self, bar, foo): """note that method this local function is surrounded by a single blank line """ perform some calculation/ data manipulation return something # do stuff outside the class
Line length : The PEP-8 style guide suggests a 79 column limit to all lines. The following is captured verbatim from the python PEP-8 style guide referenced earlier`
“The limits are chosen to avoid wrapping in editors with the window width set to 80, even if the tool places a marker glyph in the final column when wrapping lines. Some web based tools may not offer dynamic line wrapping at all.
Some teams strongly prefer a longer line length. For code maintained exclusively or primarily by a team that can reach agreement on this issue, it is okay to increase the nominal line length from 80 to 100 characters (effectively increasing the maximum length to 99 characters), provided that comments and docstrings are still wrapped at 72 characters....”
The MORTICIA team have decided to conservatively follow the 99 character limit. Where possible and proves efficient line splitting is used.
Whitespace¶
Comments¶
Documentation Strings (docstrings)¶
Naming Conventions¶
This is an important one, the style of naming different python objects should make identifying the type of object intuitive
PEP-257¶
From Conventions Section¶
There is a data dictionary for MORTICIA
which defines commonly used variable and data names.
xray.DataArray objects are created routinely, so the constructor is abbreviated to xD.
MORTICIA
often deals with spectral variables, such as spectral transmission, spectral radiance etc.
More often than not, these arrays are multidimensional. The xray package is used in MORTICIA for
purposes of representing N-dimensional arrays (the xray.DataArray class).
However, xray does not (yet) support interpolation when the coordinates of the data hypercube are not the same and two or more xray.DataArray objects must be added, divided or multiplied.
Utility functions that operate on xray.DataArray objects are found in the morticia.tools.xd package. These functions perform axis harmonisation as well as unit checking and conversion.
The axis harmonisation functions for xray.DataArray objects requires that all axes have numeric coordinates.
This applies also to axes that would benefit from having text labels. Text labels would be more appropriate for
axes such as spectral channels and field orientation for MTF data. In the case of spectral channels (with axis label
chn) will be channel numbers. These channel numbers would normally start from 0, but in some cases, such as when
using a sub-range of correlated-k band models (e.g. kato or fu in libRadtran) the channel numbers would be a
range of integers. The convention in MORTICIA
is that the text labels then be placed in an axis attribute called
labels.
This curently applies equally well to timeseries. For incorporation in multi-axis xray.DataArray objects, timestamps must be converted to Julian date. A list of labels for such axes can and should be maintained in the xray.DataArray attributes (attrs).
Units of Measure¶
Tracking of units of measure is not performed automatically in MORTICIA
such as with the use of the pint package.
However, many functions and classes in MORTICIA
expect xray.DataArray instances that provide units of measure in
the metadata. When units are provided in this way, they should be provided in manner consistent with the Python units
package pint .
Commonly, when a MORTICIA
function or method requires a scalar numeric input, it must be provided as a list
with magnitude and units e.g. [30, ‘mm’]. Unitless quantities are provided as a simple numeric magnitude.
If a variable is named x
, then the units for the variable can be stored as units
in the xray.DataArray
attributes dictionary (actually an OrderedDict). This units string should be recognizable to pint as a valid unit.
When exporting xray.DataArray objects to NetCDF files in xray.Dataset objects, this convention of using the
units attribute is recognised by NetCDF browsers and other NetCDF utilities. Further information on conventional
NetCDF attributes can be found at
UCAR/Unidata.
See the MORTICIA
notebooks for examples of creating xray objects with unit attributes.
The UCAR/Unidata attributes for NetCDF file elements considered as highly recommended are
- units, units expressed as a string - SI units preferred
- long_name, such as may commonly be used to label graph axes
- standard_name, the standard name that may be used in a specific scientific community
and for MORTICIA
, also
- title, such as may be used on the title of a plot of the data
- labels, such as may be used in the legends of a plot
The standard_name should come from the CF (Climate and Forecasting) name glossary, or the project should have its own vocabulary of short, standard and long names for all variables. These are to be found in the morticia.moglo.py module and may be expanded or updated from time to time.
A pint global unit registry is created when morticia or any sub-package is imported. Any other morticia paackages
or modules share a single global unit registry called ureg. Convenience functions Q_
for Quantity
and U_
for
Quantity(1.0, unit_str)
are also defined. Examples of usage are provided in the Jupyter notebooks/tutorials.
From Coordinate Systems¶
The general observer/target topocentric, cartesian coordinate system used in MORTICIA is +x towards North, +y towards the East and +z towards the zenith. Zenith angles are polar angles measured from the +z axis. This is a left-handed system and the alternative right-handed sytem is the same, except with +z towards nadir.
The global Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has the north pole in the +Z direction, the prime meridian (0 deg longitude) in the +X direction and the +Y direction at 90 deg east longitude. This is a right-handed coordinate system.
When dealing with sightlines and camera orientations, several conventions can be used. The Euler angles provide (relative to a given coordinate system, typically topocentric/geodetic) the view azimuth angle (VAZ = \(\alpha\)) and view zenith angle (VZA = \(\beta\)). The camera roll is then the third Euler angle \(\gamma\).
Logging Warnings and Exception Handling¶
As a rule, MORTICIA does not use logging to files. Preferably, if any checking is performed, exceptions are thrown. Informational messages should printed to the terminal using the logging.info() or logging.debug() calls. Warnings that the user should take action on are provided through warnings.warn(). If the warning may relate to the fact that MORTICIA code should be improved or debugged, it should be issued through logging.warning(). MORTICIA internal modules do not define any logging handlers or filters. This is left to the user.
General Terminology and Conventions¶
Camera and Imager¶
A Camera object in MORTICIA does not include a Lens - it is a camera body, including an FPA and a digitisation stage (which may be fully integrated into the FPA chip - a so-called “camera on a chip”). The Imager class incorporates a Camera and a Lens and is capable of producing actual imagery.
Modulation Transfer Function Calculation¶
For image modelling purposes, it is necessary to know the full 2D MTF, whereas the normal situation is that the MTF is described using horizontal and vertical MTF profile functions. Suppose that \(\eta\) and \(\xi\) are the spatial frequencies in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively and the \(M\!T\!F_\eta(\eta)\) and \(M\!T\!F_\xi(\xi)\) are the 1D MTFs in the horizontal and vertical directions. The 2D MTF is then computed as a rotationally weighted mean of the 1D MTFs as
and if the sagittal spatial frequency is defined as \(\rho=\sqrt{\eta^{2}+\xi^{2}}\), then
It is assumed here that the horizontal and vertical MTFs are symmetrical about the origin.


Multiprotocol BGP is the supported Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) for IPv6. Multiprotocol BGP extensions for IPv6 supports many of the same features and functionality as IPv4 BGP. IPv6 enhancements to multiprotocol BGP include support for an IPv6 address family and Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) and next hop (the next device in the path to the destination) attributes that use IPv6 addresses.
BGP uses a router ID to identify BGP-speaking peers. The BGP router ID is 32-bit value that is often represented by an IPv4 address. By default, the router ID is set to the IPv4 address of a loopback interface on the device. If no loopback interface is configured on the device, then the software chooses the highest IPv4 address configured to a physical interface on the device to represent the BGP router ID.
When configuring BGP on a device that is enabled only for IPv6 (that is, the device does not have an IPv4 address), you must manually configure the BGP router ID for the device. The BGP router ID, which is represented as a 32-bit value using an IPv4 address syntax, must be unique to the BGP peers of the device.
`R1(config)# router bgp 65591
R1(config-router)# no bgp default ipv4-unicast
R1(config-router)# bgp router-id <IP_ADDRESS>
`Routing information for the IPv4 unicast address family is advertised by default for each BGP routing session configured with the neighbor remote-as command unless you configure the no bgp default ipv4-unicast command before configuring the neighbor remote-as command. SO you would configure the no statement if you did not have any IPv4 peers.
We will now show an example configuration between two peers.
`R1(config)# router bgp 65591
R1(config-router)# neighbor 2001:DB8:0:CC00::2 remote-as 65591
R1(config-router)# bgp router-id <IP_ADDRESS>
R1(config-router)# address family ipv6
R1(config-router-af)# neighbor 2001:DB8:0:CC00::2 activate
R1(config-router-af)# network 2001:DB8::/24
`With MP-BGP, we must explicitly enable the neighbor to exchange prefixes for the IPv6 address family with the local device. Also note that the network declaration to inject a prefix into the BGP database for the address family is specified under address family configuration mode not bgp router mode as in the old IPv4 configuration method.


--- layout: post title: Content-complete permalink: /content-complete date: 2012-01-28 20:34:35.000000000 -06:00 comments: true categories: [] published: true --- A couple of days ago I finished writing all the material that was planned for the book, so it is now content-complete! I am now going through all the comments that came back from the tech reviewers, and from many readers that sent me feedback while reading the early release. After that it goes to the production department at O'Reilly for putting it in its final form, and then it will be ready for publication!
Thank you to everyone who has given me feedback and encouragement so far!


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Gold consolidates the New York session bid in $1,470s, bulls look to a 61.8% Fibo target
by Ross J Burland- Risk apatite, the US dollar and yields dented, supporting the rise in gold prices.
- Bulls look to the 21-day moving average at 1477, en route to a 61.8% Fibo target towards 1490.
Spot gold is currently trading between a range of $1471.56 and $1475.43, buoyed by a slightly risk-off session overnight following Sino/US trade deal headline's and pessimism as well as a weakening in the greenback and US yields.
Overnight, risk appetite was dented by the news that Trump and Fed Chairman Powell had met to discuss the strength of the dollar. At the same time, there were reports of a CNBC news that Chinese officials were concerned over prior comments with respect to tariffs from Trump, owing to his reluctance to roll back any tariffs that had already been marked. Subsequently, the value of the US dollar fell and the US 2-year yields fell back to 1.59% while the 10-year yields dropped from 1.85% to 1.80%. This enabled the price of gold to rally from $1,456 to a high of $1,475.43 in today's Asian session.
Meanwhile, investors will continue to gauge prospects for a so-called phase one U.S.-China trade agreement. should there be further pessimism leading to a pullback in the US benchmarks, then gold would likely enjoy further upside from here.
Long-gold narrative could be running out of steam
However, the long-gold narrative could be running out of steam, according to analysts at TD Securities who noted that the CFTC positioning report confirmed their expectations that a break in the yellow metal below $1480/oz prompted speculators to aggressively add shorts and liquidate some longs:
"A Federal Reserve which is less likely to cut rates in the imminent future, a US-Sino trade negotiation which appears to have edged closer to a resolution and firming risk sentiment with equities printing new all-time highs day after day have all made loss aversion a tough sell. In this context, we see a balance of risks that has shifted out of favor for the bulls in the near-term. While we don't expect significant CTA flow in gold, weakness in the yellow metal could prompt some CTA liquidations in silver and platinum below $16.15/oz and $858/oz respectively."
Gold levels:
On an hourly basis, the price is holding above the cluster of the 21,50 and 200-hour moving averages and support structure. The 4-hour time frame has the price penetrating the 50 4-hour MA and the confluence of a 38.2% Fibonacci retracement level of Novembers range at 1470. The 200 4-hour MA meets the 61.8% Fib target of the same rang up at 1488. Bulls need to clear the 21-day moving average at 1477 with a daily close to confirm the bullish commitments for higher territories.
XAU/USD
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Today last price | 1472.43 |
| Today Daily Change | 0.81 |
| Today Daily Change % | 0.06 |
| Today daily open | 1471.62 |
| Trends | |
|---|---|
| Daily SMA20 | 1484.46 |
| Daily SMA50 | 1492.19 |
| Daily SMA100 | 1480.17 |
| Daily SMA200 | 1395.03 |
| Levels | |
|---|---|
| Previous Daily High | 1473.95 |
| Previous Daily Low | 1456.54 |
| Previous Weekly High | 1474.6 |
| Previous Weekly Low | 1445.8 |
| Previous Monthly High | 1519.04 |
| Previous Monthly Low | 1455.5 |
| Daily Fibonacci 38.2% | 1467.3 |
| Daily Fibonacci 61.8% | 1463.19 |
| Daily Pivot Point S1 | 1460.79 |
| Daily Pivot Point S2 | 1449.96 |
| Daily Pivot Point S3 | 1443.38 |
| Daily Pivot Point R1 | 1478.19 |
| Daily Pivot Point R2 | 1484.78 |
| Daily Pivot Point R3 | 1495.6 |


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actorInfo
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debugOutput
Image to use:


Package Crossover provides different crossover designs from combinatorial or search algorithms as well as from literature and a GUI to access them.
| Version: | 0.1-17 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.2), rJava (≥ 0.8-3), CommonJavaJars (≥ 1.0.5), JavaGD, ggplot2 |
| Imports: | MASS, crossdes (≥ 1.1-1), xtable, methods, Matrix, multcomp, stats4, digest |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp (≥ 0.10.3), RcppArmadillo (≥ 0.2.0) |
| Suggests: | knitr, testthat, nlme |
| Published: | 2017-11-10 |
| Author: | Kornelius Rohmeyer |
| Maintainer: | Kornelius Rohmeyer <rohmeyer at small-projects.de> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/kornl/Crossover/issues |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| URL: | https://github.com/kornl/Crossover/wiki |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | Java (>= 5.0) |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| In views: | ExperimentalDesign |
| CRAN checks: | Crossover results |
| Reference manual: | Crossover.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Crossover - A search algorithm and GUI for cross-over designs |
| Package source: | Crossover_0.1-17.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: Crossover_0.1-17.zip, r-release: Crossover_0.1-17.zip, r-oldrel: Crossover_0.1-17.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: Crossover_0.1-17.tgz, r-oldrel: Crossover_0.1-17.tgz |
| Old sources: | Crossover archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Crossover to link to this page.


Warm, lightweight, and compact
Whether your priority is warmth, weight, or compactability, the Mountain Hardwear Ghost Whisperer was made with you in mind.
Read MoreGarmin Edge 500
Not a single ride goes by without my Garmin Edge. Obsessed? Maybe. But with all the data it prodivdes me, I find myself a little more resilent to injuries, overtraining, and getting lost; all things I am happy to avoid.
Read MoreRapha Sweatshirt
Rapha pulls out all the stops with their cycling kits, and this time, they've done it again with their casual line: The 100% merino pullover is both stylish and warm, and the back pocket makes it officially cycling attire, right?
Read More


T3ch Tips and Tricks
Github Pages provide a simple way to make a website using Markdown and git.
For me, the painful aspects of making a website are
- Working with html and css
- Finding a hosting site
- Transferring stuff to the hosting site
With GitHub Pages, you just write things in
Markdown,
GitHub hosts the site for you, and you just push
material to your GitHub repository with git add
, git commit
, and
git push
.
If you love git and GitHub, you’ll love GitHub Pages, too.
The sites use Jekyll, a
ruby gem, to
convert Markdown files to html, and this part is done
automatically when you push the materials to the gh-pages
branch
of a GitHub repository.
The GitHub and Jekyll documentation is great, but I thought it would be useful to have a minimal tutorial, for those who just want to get going immediately with a simple site. To some readers, what GitHub has might be simpler and more direct. But if you just want to create a site like the one you’re looking at now, read on.
Start by reading the Overview page, which explains the basic structure of these sites. Then read how to make an independent website. Then read any of the other things, such as how to test your site locally.


SLIDING WINDOWS
From Colour Options to Glass Options, to Insect Screens, the uPVC windows and doors by Windows World are designed keeping in mind the different requirements of different clients and customer.
GET MORE INFOCASEMENT WINDOWS AND DOORS
PVC casement door is a brand new concept with innumerable benefits attached to it.One of the most popular upvc windows styles is the casement windows.
GET MORE INFOTOP HUNG WINDOWS, LIFT AND SLIDE
Due to its high performance, innovative look and perfect dimension, these products are widely acclaimed in market.we offer an extensive range of Top Hung Ventilators
GET MORE INFOAbout Us
From colour options
to glass Options
Windows World is India’s top uPVC windows and doors manufacturer with over 10 years of experience. The company offers wide range of uPVC windows and doors that are not just elegant to look at, but also comes with wide array of features.
From Colour Options to Glass Options, to Insect Screens, the uPVC windows and doors by Windows World are designed keeping in mind the different requirements of different clients and customer.
The uPVC windows and doors by Windows World have the following features
Weather resistant,Low Maintenance and Cost-effective
Durable,Fire resistant and Eco-friendly
The different types of products offered by Windows World are:
Casement Doors & Windows,Sliding Doors & Windows,Tilt & Turn Windows,Premium Doors & Windows,Designer ,Windows,Conservatories
Our Work
Testimonials
I, as a person is very choosy about qualities of my products, and i am fully satisfied With their products.
They Deliver their products on thier promised date and it is quite Impressive.
They have the best material in among all. One should always prefer WINDOWS WORLD in order to have good quality.


Speaking with random strangers just became a whole lot easier with a new service called “Message Requests.” No more will your idle Messenger musings be sent to the endless purgatory known as the “Other Inbox” – a place so obscure it didn’t even appear in iOS or Android renditions of the popular social network – when sent to non-friends or non-friends-of-friends. Instead, says Messenger chief David Marcus, such important missives will now be given the level of prominence they deserve, appearing as a message request along with an appropriate notification. Taking to his own Facebook account, Marcus wrote “Now, the only thing you need to talk to virtually anyone in the world, is their name,” before defining the one and only rule for the new Message Requests feature:
The rule is pretty simple: If you're friends on Facebook, if you have each other's contact info in your phone and have these synced, or if you have an existing open thread, the new messages from that sender will be routed to your inbox. Everything else will now be a message request, minus spam attempts that we will continue to ruthlessly combat.To help combat the threat of having a weirdo hassle you after a drunken chat in the pub, Facebook has designed Message Requests in a way that gives you just enough information to know who has contacted you – you’ll see their name, profile picture, some other publicly available information and a list of any mutual friends – as well as an ability to completely blow them off without them knowing whether you read their message or not. When you receive such a message you will have the option of responding to it – which will cause the message thread to be transferred to your normal inbox – or completely ignore it, in which case it will be hidden away in the Filtered Requests folder, along with anything Facebook has identified as being spam. And if you do delete or ignore one of these unsolicited messages, the sender will never be able to contact you again – an improvement of sorts over the current situation which may see you forced to exchange phone numbers or friend requests for what should be a one-off personal or business conversation. Talking to TechCrunch, Tony Leach, Messenger’s Product Manager, spun the release of Message Requests as an opportunity for Facebook users to connect with long-lost family members and kindly strangers:
We've heard so many stories like estranged parents trying to get back in touch, or you lost your wallet and someone trying to get in touch with you. That's why we want to replace that with a system that makes it a lot easier to catch the messages that you want to see. A level of openness where you can get in touch with anyone in the world but still have the control yourself of who contacts you and who can't.
Of course Facebook itself will undoubtedly reap the benefits of an enhanced Messenger too – by allowing its users to make contact with any one of the 1.5 billion people already using the social network, uptake of Messenger is only likely to grow from its current base of 700 million active users. Describing the change to Messenger, which is due to roll out over the next few days, as “small,” Marcus suggested the “foundational development” was just the beginning as the Facebook team continues “to improve ways to find the people you want to communicate with.” Brits interested in taking advantage of the new feature may have to act quickly though – Facebook Messenger, along with the likes of Snapchat and WhatsApp, could still be under threat from Home Secretary Theresa May and the yet-to-be ratified Investigatory Powers Bill, which seeks to outlaw the use of encryption with some apps, as well as force service providers to hand communications data to authorities when asked for.


[2.5/4.0]
American popular music may have changed in style as time has gone by, but has remained constant in theme. The topics of romance and heartbreak remain characteristic of the genre, reflecting the obsessions of its youthful audience. This film uses popular music to metaphorically represent the turbulent romantic life of its characters.
The story begins as Rob Gordon (John Cusack) and his current girlfriend Laura (Iben Hjejle) are breaking up their relationship. Rob is the main character, a young record store owner who has classified and cataloged his romantic failures as obsessively as his record collection. He recounts his most troubling breakups and analyzes where in the pantheon this latest one should be placed. Rob decides (aided by an apparition of Bruce Springsteen) that in order to understand his bad luck with romance, he must revisit and dissect each of his worst breakups and understand the problems in the relationships that caused them. The most enjoyable part of the film is the depth to which Rob goes in exploring all aspects of his old relationships. It is an intelligent approach that is not often seen in popular film.
In contrast to its serious side, Rob's connection to popular music also anchors its humorous part. The record store he owns specialized in rare and collectible vinyl records, and the two clerks who work for him are indeed odd characters. There is the neurotic and meek Dick (Todd Louiso), and unrestrained Barry (Jack Black). The elitist trio sneer at all people, even customers, who have "lesser" tastes in music. It is a construction that does not necessarily make them likeable, but makes them entertaining. Barry in particular is often overboard, but also causticly funny.
Although it is common to use voice over narration at the beginning of a film to set context, or at the end of the film to provide an epilogue, it is not often used by good films as prominent part of its storytelling. This film uses soliloquy (having Rob talk directly to the audience) to distracting excess. It is far too easy to have the character intravenously feed the audience his inner thoughts. Good craftsmanship could have expressed these feelings in a more indirect manner, such as inter-character dialog and expressive performance. It is surprising that veteran director Stephen Frears chose this route.
The other major complaint is the use of an overly melodramatic plot device to develop Rob and Laura's relationship. The suddenness and force of this occurrence feels manipulative. The weaknesses of this film are surprising considering the body of work compiled by Stephen Frears, whose films are generally more oblique and engaging.
Recommended. The film attempts to intelligently and realistically examine the issue of relationships in modern life, and it is mostly successful in this dimension. It also uses character based humor that is frenetic, but still enjoyable. The film has definite weaknesses which keep it from reaching its full potential, but it remains a more thought-provoking exploration of romance than what is typically produced.
(c) 2000 Murali Krishnan The Art House Squatter http://ArtHouseSquatter.com
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Slow and steady wins the race
Sucess is when your signature changes to autograph
Two wrongs dont make a right
The pen is mighter than the sword
When the going gets tough, then the tough gets going
No man's island
People who lives in glass houses should not throw stones


Folder: RedBox AIAbuilding DefaultData Source files
Tool tips display file names. Use context menu to obtain link to individual original file


DOMNode::insertBefore
(PHP 5, PHP 7)
DOMNode::insertBefore — Adds a new child before a reference node
说明
public DOMNode DOMNode::insertBefore ( DOMNode $newnode [, DOMNode $refnode ] )
This function inserts a new node right before the reference node. If you plan
to do further modifications on the appended child you must use the returned
node.
参数
newnode
The new node.
refnode
The reference node. If not supplied, newnode is appended to the children.
返回值
The inserted node.
错误／异常
DOM_NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR
Raised if this node is readonly or if the previous parent of the node being
inserted is readonly.
DOM_HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR
Raised if this node is of a type that does not allow children of the type
of the newnode node, or if the node to append is one of this node's
ancestors or this node itself.
DOM_WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR
Raised if newnode was created from a different document than the one that
created this node.
DOM_NOT_FOUND
Raised if refnode is not a child of this node.
参见
• DOMNode::appendChild() - Adds new child at the end of the children
User Contributed Notes 5 notes
===============================================================================
example to insert between and
load($xml_src);
// Find the parent node
$xpath = new DomXPath($dom);
// Find parent node
$parent = $xpath->query($parent_path);
// new node will be inserted before this node
$next = $xpath->query($next_path);
// Create the new element
$element = $dom->createElement('newnode');
// Insert the new element
$parent->item(0)->insertBefore($element, $next->item(0));
echo $dom->saveXML();
?>
===============================================================================
Note that supplying the same node for $newnode and $refnode leads to an
E_WARNING ("Couldn't add newnode as the previous sibling of refnode"). For
example imagine one wanted to make $newnode the first child of its parent by
doing:
parentNode->firstChild;
// Bad:
$newnode->parentNode->insertBefore( $newnode, $firstSibling );
?>
This would generate a warning if it already was the first child of its parent,
since $newnode and $firstSibling are identical. Easy to work around though:
parentNode->firstChild;
// Better:
if( $newnode !== $firstSibling ) {
$newnode->parentNode->insertBefore( $newnode, $firstSibling );
}
?>
===============================================================================
1st argument) a node to insert
2nd argument) a reference node - this is the node that the new node will be
inserted before
The trick to using this method is that the OBJECT on which you actually CALL
the insertBefore() method is actually the PARENT node of the reference node!
INCORRECT:
$DOMNode_refNode->insertBefore($DOMNode_newNode, $DOMNode_refNode);
CORRECT:
$DOMNode_refNode->parentNode->insertBefore($DOMNode_newNode, $DOMNode_refNode);
===============================================================================
The previous example is incorrect, and causes a DOM_NOT_FOUND error, as the
child nodes are not direct descendants of the root node.
Therefore, the line:
$parent_path = "/root";
needs to change to:
$parent_path = "/root/parent";
or
$parent_path = "//parent";
for this example to work
===============================================================================
Sorry, my previous posting worked only for the top node. Here the corrected
version, which will work for any node:
XML
----
Adam
Eva
Thomas
PHP
---
preserveWhitespace = false;
$xml->load('contacts.xml');
$xpath = new DOMXPath($xml);
// get node eva, which we will append to
$eva = $xpath->query('/contacts/person[.="Eva"]')->item(0);
// create node john
$john = $xml->createElement('person', 'John');
// insert john after eva
// "in eva's parent node (=contacts) insert
// john before eva's next node"
// this also works if eva would be the last node
$eva->parentNode->insertBefore($john, $eva->nextSibling);
// show result
header('Content-Type: text/plain');
print $xml->saveXML();
?>
Result
------
Adam
EvaJohn
Thomas


Multiple Grids
.col-md-4 col-xs-8 col-lg-6 col-sm-2
.col-xs-6 col-md-4 col-lg-6 col-sm-6
Large - 4
Medium - 5
Small - 5
Extra Small - 4
Large - 4 Medium -4
Small - 2
Extra Small- 3
Large - 4
Medium - 3
Small - 5
Extra Small- 5


Quellcode für qiskit.result.postprocess
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2018, IBM.
#
# This source code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 found in
# the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory of this source tree.
"""Post-processing of raw result."""
import numpy as np
[Doku]def _hex_to_bin(hexstring):
"""Convert hexadecimal readouts (memory) to binary readouts."""
return str(bin(int(hexstring, 16)))[2:]
[Doku]def _pad_zeros(bitstring, memory_slots):
"""If the bitstring is truncated, pad extra zeros to make its
length equal to memory_slots"""
return format(int(bitstring, 2), '0{}b'.format(memory_slots))
[Doku]def _separate_bitstring(bitstring, creg_sizes):
"""Separate a bitstring according to the registers defined in the result header."""
substrings = []
running_index = 0
for _, size in reversed(creg_sizes):
substrings.append(bitstring[running_index: running_index + size])
running_index += size
return ' '.join(substrings)
[Doku]def format_memory(memory, header):
"""
Format a single bitstring (memory) from a single shot experiment.
- The hexadecimals are expanded to bitstrings
- Spaces are inserted at register divisions.
Args:
memory (str): result of a single experiment.
header (dict): the experiment header dictionary containing
useful information for postprocessing.
Returns:
dict: a formatted memory
"""
creg_sizes = header.get('creg_sizes')
memory_slots = header.get('memory_slots')
if memory.startswith('0x'):
memory = _hex_to_bin(memory)
if memory_slots:
memory = _pad_zeros(memory, memory_slots)
if creg_sizes:
memory = _separate_bitstring(memory, creg_sizes)
return memory
[Doku]def format_counts(counts, header):
"""Format a single experiment result coming from backend to present
to the Qiskit user.
Args:
counts (dict): counts histogram of multiple shots
header (dict): the experiment header dictionary containing
useful information for postprocessing.
Returns:
dict: a formatted counts
"""
counts_dict = {}
for key, val in counts.items():
key = format_memory(key, header)
counts_dict[key] = val
return counts_dict
[Doku]def format_statevector(vec, decimals=None):
"""Format statevector coming from the backend to present to the Qiskit user.
Args:
vec (list): a list of [re, im] complex numbers.
decimals (int): the number of decimals in the statevector.
If None, no rounding is done.
Returns:
list[complex]: a list of python complex numbers.
"""
num_basis = len(vec)
vec_complex = np.zeros(num_basis, dtype=complex)
for i in range(num_basis):
vec_complex[i] = vec[i][0] + 1j * vec[i][1]
if decimals:
vec_complex = np.around(vec_complex, decimals=decimals)
return vec_complex
[Doku]def format_unitary(mat, decimals=None):
"""Format unitary coming from the backend to present to the Qiskit user.
Args:
mat (list[list]): a list of list of [re, im] complex numbers
decimals (int): the number of decimals in the statevector.
If None, no rounding is done.
Returns:
list[list[complex]]: a matrix of complex numbers
"""
num_basis = len(mat)
mat_complex = np.zeros((num_basis, num_basis), dtype=complex)
for i, vec in enumerate(mat):
mat_complex[i] = format_statevector(vec, decimals)
return mat_complex


Yogyakarta to Probolinggo by train
Booking
We research the departure on google at first and them went on Ticket.com to book and
check other option. We ended up booking a ticket at tiket.com am for 727 000 IDR
(68$CAD) and we took a
business class ticket.
Class available
Normal
It’s the free for all, you have a ticket but you may end up standing. It’s the less
expensive option and it would have cost us between 10-15$ for the same trip. Those
ticket are of course limited. Therefore, plan the trip in advance. You will be
seated in a bench style seat. So you may have some knee action with your neighbour…
Business
You have a ticket with assigned seat but from what we heard seating arrangement are
more or less respected.. The seat are more like a big bus style type of seat so no
knee action in that class.
Executive
You have more comfort but the seat look like a good big bus ride. there not a lot of
difference with the business seat expect the price and maybe the A.C. Those ticket
are sold slower, so if you book late it may be the cheapest option.
This ride does have a Luxury wagon. Not all rides have one.
Getting on board
First thing you need to do before getting on board is printing your ticket. You
don’t need to print them in advance. Once you arrive at the station you need to find
the check-in area. There are computers where you will enter your reservation number
or scan the QR code on your phone. Once you approved that the ticket they are
displaying are yours, it will printed them. Even if you have printed the reservation
email, you will need to do the check-in part… So don’t print save trees!
Once that’s done, you will pass the first checkpoint and then be directed (ishhh
directed, read the board or ask if you want to be sure on which platform your
train will arrive) Before boarding or sometime once you have boarded they
will check your ticket again. The agent on the platform will direct you to the
proper wagon according to your class. Class are also written on the side of the
wagon with numbers. all of those information are also on your ticket. So, if you
travel on Executive A , seat A 13; You will need to board the wagon Executive A and
your seat will be A 13.
Amenities on the train
There’s of course toilet’s on the train with toilet paper but it’s like a plane
toilet a bit more bumpy… There’s also a food wagon if you are hungry and sometime
there’s street vendor that hop on during stop to sell you stuff. (They are not
allowed in certain class) When we didn’t the trip we didn’t know there was a food
wagon so we just bought a few snack along the way. I don’t really recommend it you
will get hungry.


BlockBall Documentation¶
Introduction¶
Welcome to BlockBallDocs, the official documentation for the open-source BlockBall project.
BlockBall is a spigot plugin to play soccer games in Minecraft.
Contents¶
- Getting Started
- Game Modes
- Customizing
- Commands
- General
- Developer API
- FAQ
- Contributing to BlockBall


Buy Data
Enter Number
Buy
Airtime
Data
Mtn
Vodacom
8ta
Virgin Mobile
R5
R10
R15
R20
Enter Own Amount


A professional developer, focused mostly on Rails, but able to work from the server layer up to the client-side code. I truly enjoy programming, especially in Ruby and Go, and am an active member of the local Madrid Ruby and Go communities.
Technologies Used:
Led project creation from idea to current stage. Design site architecture and programmed both front and backends. Integrate with third parties via REST interfaces. Leverage Amazon’s EC2, S3, RDS, and IAM services. Maintain servers using Chef and Unix tools. Continuous deployment with capistrano. Design and implement ideas presented by members of the company. Write unit and integration tests. Localized version for Mexico.
Technologies Used:Developed the online newspaper frontend using PHP and the Zend framework. Developed the CMS used by journalists with PHP and Ext JS.
Developed the Ruby on Rails website using MySQL database.
Taught English, designed lesson plans in Spanish primary school.
Collaborated with clients to provide solutions with Symphony framework in PHP.
Developed intranet using a LAMP stack. Provided helpdesk support and live statistics for sporting events.
Adam Williams — williams.adam.charles@gmail.com


ic_c_protocol
C Library
Library Summary
Description
This manual page lists some of the functions of the IC C runtime library that are used internally for the IC protocol.
The listed functions are used internally by generated C client and server code. They are documented here for the advanced user that want to replace the default protocol (Erlang distribution + gen_server) by his own protocol, For each set of client or sever functions below with prefix oe, the user has to implement his own set of functions, the names of which are obtained by replacing the oe prefix by Prefix. The Prefix has to be set with the option {user_protocol, Prefix} at compile time.
The following terminology is used (reflected in names of functions): a notification is a message send from client to server, without any reply back (i.e. a oneway operation); a request is a message sent from client to server, and where a reply message is sent back from the server to the client.
In order to understand how the functions work and what they do the user must study their implementation in the IC C library (source file is ic.c), and also consider how they are used in the C code of ordinary generated client stubs or server skeletons.
Client Protocol Functions
The following functions are used internally by generated C client code.
Exports
int oe_prepare_notification_encoding(CORBA_Environment *env)
The result of this function is the beginning of a binary of in external format of the tuple {'$gen_cast', X} where X is not yet filled in.
In generated client code this function is the first to be called in the encoding function for each oneway operation.
int oe_send_notification(CORBA_Environment *env)
int oe_send_notification_tmo(CORBA_Environment *env, unsigned int send_ms)
Sends a client notification to a server according to the Erlang distribution + gen_server protocol.
The send_ms parameter specified a timeout in milliseconds.
int oe_prepare_request_encoding(CORBA_Environment *env)
The result of this function is the beginning of a binary in the external format of the tuple {'$gen_call', {Pid, Ref}, X} where X is not yet filled in.
In generated client code this function is the first to be called in the encoding function for each twoway operation.
int oe_send_request_and_receive_reply(CORBA_Environment *env)
int oe_send_request_and_receive_reply_tmo(CORBA_Environment *env, unsigned int send_ms, unsigned int recv_ms)
Sends a client request and receives the reply according to the Erlang distribution + gen_server protocol. This function calls the oe_prepare_reply_decoding function in order to obtain the gen_server reply.
send_ms and recv_ms specify timeouts for send and receive, respectively, in milliseconds.
int oe_prepare_reply_decoding(CORBA_Environment *env)
Decodes the binary version of the tuple {Ref, X}, where X is to be decoded later by the specific client decoding function.
Server Protocol Functions
The following functions are used internally by generated C server code.
Exports
int oe_prepare_request_decoding(CORBA_Environment *env)
Decodes the binary version of the tuple {'$gen_cast', Op} (Op an atom), or the tuple {'$gen_cast', {Op, X}}, where Op is the operation name, and where X is to be decoded later by the specific operation decoding function; or
decodes the binary version of the tuple {'$gen_call', {Pid, Ref}, Op} (Op an atom), or the tuple {'$gen_call', {Pid, Ref}, {Op, X}}, where Op> is the operation name, and X is to be decode later by the specific operation decoding function.
int oe_prepare_reply_encoding(CORBA_Environment *env)
Encodes the beginning of the binary version of the tuple {{Ref,X}, where X is to be filled in by the specific server encoding function.
SEE ALSO
ic(3), ic_clib(3), IC Protocol


Upgrade features
CSS ligatures [liga]
file, fjord, flow, loft (off)
file, fjord, flow, loft (default on)
CSS fractions [frac]
1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 234/567 (default off)
1/2 1/3 1/4 1/5 234/567 (on)
CSS tabular figures [tnum]
0123456789 (default off)
0123456789 (on)
CSS oldstyle figures [onum]
ABC<PHONE_NUMBER> abc (default off)
ABC<PHONE_NUMBER> abc (on)
CSS superior figures [sups]
A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9 (default off)
A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9 (on)
CSS inferior figures [sinf]
A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9 (default off)
A0B1C2D3E4F5G6H7I8J9 (on)
CSS superior lowercase [sups]
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm... (default off)
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm... (on)
CSS inferior lowercase [sinf]
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm... (default off)
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMm... (on)
CSS caps to small caps [c2sc]
Design is detail management (default off)
Design is detail management (on)
CSS lowercase to small caps [smcp]
Design is detail management (default off)
Design is detail management (on)
CSS caps to small caps [c2sc] + [smcp]
Design is detail management (default off)
Design is detail management (on)


This puzzle is about emoticons, mostly nonstandard ones. One way we might notice to help break in is notice that there are exactly twenty-six replies if we include the four that are still typing. Each row corresponds to :X for some letter X.
| :U | Help I opened my mouth so wide that the left half of it fell off |
| :Q | Hopefully I don't have a fever...I'm taking my temperature now |
| :Y | I am halfway through zipping my mouth closed |
| :Z | I filed my teeth so that they fit diagonally with one another |
| :M | I have a beak now! |
| :W | I have a beak now too, it's facing the other direction from that guy though ^. |
| :J | I twirled my mustache...only on the right side though |
| :V | I'm about to start zipping my mouth closed |
| :E | I'm eating noodles but 3 of them are sticking out |
| :D | I'm feeling very happy |
| :P | I'm sticking my tongue out |
| :O | I'm very surprised |
| :C | I'm very very very sad |
| :R | I've got a pin stuck in my tongue, see? |
| :I | I've just finished zipping my mouth closed |
| :T | I've scrunched my mouth all the way to the left |
| :B | I have two prominent buckteeth! |
| :K | My legs are coming right out of my mouth |
| :L | My mouth is reallly droopy to the right |
| :X | My mouth is taped shut |
| :S | Nerrrvousss... |
| :H | The dentist put a big prop in the middle of my mouth and now I can't close it |
Once we've identified most or all of the emoticons, we can look at what's missing and see AFGN. The word spelled using these letters, which has to do with faces, is FANG.


Watch: GOP Senator Says He Doesn’t Believe Epstein Killed Himself
‘Christmas ornaments, drywall, and Epstein — name three things that don’t hang themselves,’ Kennedy says
Louisiana Senator John Kennedy gave a hilarious take on Jeffrey Epstein’s suspicious death while expressing doubt that the billionaire pedophile killed himself.
During a Tuesday hearing with Federal Bureau of Prisons director Kathleen Hawk Sawyer, Kennedy said the American people “deserve some answers” on Epstein’s supposed suicidal hanging from his Manhattan prison cell.
“Christmas ornaments, drywall, and [Jeffrey] Epstein. Name three things that don’t hang themselves,” Kennedy said. “That’s what the American people think, and they deserve some answers.”
“I know that you’re not in charge of these investigations, but you talk to the people who are. And I need you to take a very respectful message today.”
“Tell the American people what happened.
“But you and I both know they can make this a top priority and get this done more quickly than they normally would. They need to do that. And I’d like you to deliver that message.”
During the hearing, Sawyer admitted the FBI was looking into the involvement of a “criminal enterprise” related to the circumstances of Epstein’s death.
Alex Jones interviews James O’Keefe on the new ABC revelations that are going to drop over the Epstein story coverup.
“The Black Friday sales have arrived early! Get up to 70% off our hottest products as well as free-shipping and double Patriot Points while the sale lasts!”


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Chamber welcomes withholding of revised property tax
by Staff ReporterThe Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Coimbatore (ICCIC) welcomed the State government’s decision to withhold the hike in property tax rates in urban areas.
Thanking Local Administration Minister S.P. Velumani, V. Lakshminarayanasamy, president of ICCIC, in a statement on Thursday, said that the announcement would certainly help industrial and commercial establishments, and residences, situated in Coimbatore, which were very badly affected due to the economic slowdown, carry out their day-to-day activities without any distress and also help them overcome the present financial crunch.
Expressing hope for the continuation of status quo in this regard, he appealed to the four-member committee constituted by the State government to “favourably consider” the representations of trade and industry sectors for property tax revision.


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Ajit Pawar meets Fadnavis, CMO says they discussed farmers' issues
After remaining ensconced in his south Mumbai residence throughout Sunday, NCP leader and newly-anointed deputy CM Ajit Pawar met Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis late night and held closed-door discussions.
After remaining ensconced in his south Mumbai residence throughout Sunday, NCP leader and newly-anointed deputy CM Ajit Pawar met Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis late night and held closed-door discussions.
Earlier in the day, the supreme court issued notices to the Centre, Maharashtra government, Fadnavis and Ajit Pawar on a plea filed by the Congress-Shiv Sena-NCP combine seeking quashing of the governor's November 23 order inviting the BJP leader to form government.
Senior BJP leaders Chandrakant Patil, Vinod Tawade and Girish Mahajan attended the meeting held at the official residence of the chief minister, the party sources said.
The apex court directed the Centre to place before it on Monday morning the letters of the governor Bhagat Singh Koshyari inviting Fadnavis and of the BJP leader staking his claim to form the government in the state.
A late night tweet from the CMO Maharashtra, however, said the CM and the Deputy CM discussed various measures for rain-hit farmers.
"CM @Dev_Fadnavis and DCM @AjitPawarSpeaks today met and discussed on various measures for additional support & assistance to unseasonal rain affected farmers. Tomorrow it will be further discussed with the Chief Secretary & Finance Secretary".
In a dramatic turn of events in Maharashtra, President's Rule was lifted on Saturday morning, following which Devendra Fadnavis and Ajit Pawar were sworn in as chief minister and deputy chief minister, respectively, by the governor.
The development came hours after the new alliance of Shiv Sena, the NCP and the Congress arrived at a consensus that Sena chief Uddhav Thackeray will be their chief ministerial candidate.


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---
layout: slides
title: 'Intro to Earth Analytics'
author: [Jennifer Balch]
categories: [slide-shows]
class-lesson: ['co-floods-1-intro']
---
name: inverse
class: center, middle, inverse
background-image: url({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image1.jpg)
## GEOG 5100/4100:
### Earth Analytics
#####Instructors:
_Leah Wasser, Sepideh Dadashi, Jennifer Balch_
---
class:inverse
.one-third[
![Dr. Leah Wasser
Director
Earth Lab
]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image3.png)
Dr. Wasser, Instructor]
.one-third[
![Dr. Jennifer Balch
Director
Earth Lab
]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image3.png)
Dr. Jennifer Balch
Director
Earth Lab
]
.one-third[
![Dr. Jennifer Balch
Director
Earth Lab
]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image2.png)
Dr.Travis
Deputy Director
Earth Lab]
---
class: middle, inverse
## A little ice breaker…
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image5.png)
---
class: middle, inverse
## Think Grand
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image6.png)
---
class: middle, inverse
## UCLA’s Grand Challenge
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image7.png)
---
class: middle, inverse
## Gates Foundation Grand Challenges
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image8.png)
---
class: middle, inverse
## CU Boulder’s Grand Challenge
##### Our world is facing significant issues with a changing environment,
increasing populations and limited resources. The intersection of people,
resources and our planet is where CU-Boulder can use its expertise in
space-based observation and exploration to address our world’s most pressing
problems.
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image9.png)
---
name: inverse
class: center, middle, inverse
background-image: url({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image10.jpg)
# **EARTH LAB**
#### *Accelerating discovery with a view from Space*
.small[Geography, Applied Mathematics, Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Studies,
Geological Sciences, Institute of Behavioral Science, National Snow and
Ice Data Center, and Research Computing.]
---
class: center,middle,inverse
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image12.png)
### Integrated Remote and In-Situ Sensing Initiative
---
class: center, middle, inverse
###Earth Lab’s mission is to harness the wave of observations from Space to better understand the pace and pattern of environmental change, from our backyards to our planet.
---
class: center, middle, inverse
###1. Dealing with the Data Deluge
.one-third[![]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image14.png)]
---
class: center, middle, inverse
###2. Understanding the Pace and Pattern of Global Change
.one-third[![]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image1.jpg)]
---
class: center, middle, inverse
###3. Educating a New Generation ofEarth Analysts
.one-third[![]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image15.png)]
---
class: center, middle, inverse
##In just over a decade, the data distributed by NASA’s Earth Observing System has increased 122-fold.
---
class: center, middle, inverse
### space-based data
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image16.png)
---
class: center, middle, inverse
### aero-based data
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image17.png)
???
Image shows a forest area with individual trees, colored by height. The densest
biomass is red, while deforested areas — with low biomass — are shades of blue.
Image courtesy of the Carnegie Airborne Observatory.
Read more: http://news.mongabay.com/2012/0725-colombia-carbon-map.html#ixzz3OrjHTgXb
---
class: center, middle, inverse
### aero-based data
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image18.png)
---
class: center, middle, inverse
### Data is attached to everything
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image19.png)
???
Car emissions, citizen scientists, social media data, text analysis.
From Jawbone, Earthquake in Napa in 2014:
The recent earthquake in South Napa took many by surprise during the night, but
to see just how many people woke up to the sound and physical disturbance,
fitness tracking company Jawbone has released some anonymous data. The chart
shared shows UP wearers in the Bay Area who track their sleep patterns.
break
A serious portion of UP wearers in Napa, Sonoma, Vallejo and Fairfield are
located near the epicenter and were woken up, but it's interesting to see just
how the impact gradually weakened as data from users who reside slightly
further away is included. If you thought your UP was just for monitoring
fitness, how about a secondary feature for earthquakes?
---
class: center, middle, inverse
### Data is attached to everything!
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image20.png)
####Hurricane Sandy Tweetbeat: View the Superstorm through the eyes of Twitter
---
class: center,middle,inverse
###4.4 million Data Scientists needed in 2015
#### Only 1/3 of these positions were filled.
---
class: center,middle,inverse
### Educating Data Scientists
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image21.png)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image50.jpg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
# Key tenets of Earth Lab
---
class: center,middle,inverse
###data integration
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image22.jpg)
???
Earth Lab is built on a few key premises, including that data is gold, but it’s the integration that brings tremendous value.
---
class: center,middle,inverse
###data recombination
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image23.jpg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
###collaboration networks
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image24.png)
???
From Darwin to today. It took Darwin an entire lifetime to collect the data he
needed to fully form the concept of evolution. We have the opportunity today
to create many Darwins in a very short period of time. To accelerate discovery
with rapid testing of new ideas and theory. But it’s no longer a game of an
individual with leather patches sitting alone in his office in the ivory
Tower, it’s also about decentralizing the scientific process and building
strong collaboration networks.
---
class: center,middle,inverse
###research frontiers
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image25.png)
???
Car emissions, citizen scientists, social media data, text analysis
---
class: center,middle,inverse
## Key pieces of Earth Lab
### Analytics Hub
Science Projects
Education Initiative
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##Analytics Hub
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image26.png)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##Science Projects: integrate Aerospace data with other data sources to…
*
###### -Understand how fire is changing in the western U.S. over the past two decades. (Project Fire)
* Improve risk management and decision-making in land use and hazards mitigation. (Project Risk)
* Determine the sensitivity of permafrost to a warming Arctic. (Project Permafrost
* Identify how rapid and slow landscape evolution impacts our lives. (Project Erosion)
######-Determine what is driving Colorado forest dieback. (Project Forest)
######-Examine how data at varying resolutions represents Earth System phenomena. (Project Data Harmonization)
######-Predict slow and abrupt change, or surprises, across multiple systems. (Project Extremes)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##Earth Lab Initial Portfolio
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image51.jpg)
---
class: inverse
##Education Initiative: Earth Analytics
###Earth Lab will train the next generation of Earth scientists who are among
the leaders in data analytics and problem solving.
1-2 Years: Capstone course and certificate
3-5 Years: undergraduate major and master’s degree in Earth Analytics
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##Imagine what we could do with seamless data integration…
---
###current fire
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image27.jpg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##future temperature change
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image52.jpg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##landslide risk
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image29.jpeg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##biodiversity
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image30.jpg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##agriculture
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image31.jpeg)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##shipping networks
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image32.png)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##6 billion tweets
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image33.png)
---
class: center,middle,inverse
##Golden Age of remote sensing data
![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image34.jpg)
---
##GEOG 5100/4100 Learning Goals…
####-Knowledge of the grand scientific challenges in understanding our Earth System
####-Awareness of the data sources and types, as well as the gaps in measurements,
that can be used to address these challenges
####-Facility in applying analytical tools to integrate, visualize, and analyze a
variety of Earth System datasets to generate insights about the phenomenon of interest
####-Ability to collaborate across disciplines and career stages from undergrads,
grads, postdocs, faculty, and other researchers to develop a final class project
and group project
####- Knowledge of research process via involvement in cutting-edge,
active research
####- Ability to communicate results to a broader audience
---
class: center,middle,inverse
#Syllabus
### -Course structure
### -Assessments & Grading
### -Group projects
### -Final day poster presentation
---
class: center,middle,inverse
#### What are the Grand Challenges in understanding the Earth System?
*
#### -Improve environmental forecasting
#### -Integrate observation systems to manage global/regional change
#### -Anticipate, avoid, and manage disruptive global environmental change
#### -Enable progress towards global sustainability
---
class: center,middle,inverse
#### What are the Grand Challenges in understanding the Earth System?
* How do human and natural systems respond to climate variability and change?
####How do contaminants and pathogens move through a dynamic environment and affect human health?
####Enhance understanding of polar regions, which holds 70% of Earth’s freshwater.
####Determine natural resources and services that human survival, development, and survival depend upon.
####Develop improved observing systems for diversity at all scales.
---
.one-third[![ ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/geog-4100-5100/wk1-intro-earth-analytics/image35.png)]
.one-third[]
---
## Reproducibility & Your Research
![good better best]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/intro-rr/Good-better-best_RepSciCur_PengScience.jpg)
.caption[
Reproducibility spectrum for published research.
Source: Peng, RD Reproducible
Research in Computational Science Science (2011): 1226–1227 via Reproducible
Science Curriculum]
---
## Five selfish reasons to work reproducibly
_Florian Markowetz_
1. Reproducibility avoid critical mistakes.
2. Reproducibility makes it easier to write papers.
3. Reproducibility helps reviewers see it your way.
4. Reproducibility enables continuity of your work.
5. Reproducibility helps to build your reputation.
---
class: middle
## How to Make Work Reproducible
> For research to be reproducible, the research products (data, code) need to be
publicly available in a form that people can find and understand them.
---
## Who do we need to share with?
* Collaborators
* Peer reviewers & journal editors
* Broad scientific community
* The public
---
class: top center
.wCaption-50[
![Plos graphic](http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?size=large&id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0026828.g001)
]
.caption[**Better Research**: Papers from which data were shared have fewer errors.
Wicherts et al (2011) ]
---
## Better Research - Citation
Wicherts et al (2011)
Willingness to Share Research Data Is Related to the Strength of the Evidence and the Quality of Reporting of Statistical Results.
---
## Tools That Support Reproducibility
**GitHub:**
* Version Control
* Collaboration
* Dissemination
---
## Tools That Support Reproducibility
**R Markdown / Jupyter Notebooks:**
* Code Documentation
* Dissemination
---
## Four Facets of Reproducibility
1. Organization
1. Documentation
1. Automation
1. Dissemination
---
## 1. Organization - Files & Directories
The more self explanatory the better:
* Consider overall structure of folders and files.
* Use informative file names.
---
.wCaption[
![Basmati Rice Graphic ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/intro-rr/basmati-rice.png)
]
---
![](http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article/figure/image?size=large&id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000424.g001)
.caption[
Noble, William Stafford, 2009. A quick guide to organizing computational biology projects.
]
---
## 1. Organization - Files
File Organization should:
* Reflect inputs, outputs and information flow.
* Preserve raw data so it's not modified.
* Carefully document & store intermediate & end outputs.
* Carefully document & store data processing scripts.
---
## 1. Organization - Files
![File Organization Graphic]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/intro-rr/file-organization.png)
---
## 1. Organization -- File Names
File / Folder Names should be:
* Machine readable.
* Human readable.
* Support sorting.
---
### Which Filenames Are Most Self-explanatory?
![human readible file names]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/intro-rr/human-readable-jenny.png)
---
## More on File Naming
More on file naming & organization
-- from the Reproducible Science Curriculum.
---
## 1. Organization - Code Variables
* Use self explanatory variable names.
* Comment code so your future self can understand it.
---
## 1. Organization - Code Variables
.one-half[
**More Readable**
```r
# import canopy N values for
# decid & coniferous forest sampling
conifer.N <- read.csv("conifer-sampling.csv",
header=TRUE,
sep=",")
decid.N <- read.csv("decid-sampling.csv",
header=TRUE,
sep=",")
# Calc total forest N
total.N <- conifer.N + decid.N
```
]
.one-half[
**Less Readable**
```r
# import data
sumA <- read.csv("sample1.csv",
header=TRUE,
sep=",")
sumB <- read.csv("sample2.csv",
header=TRUE,
sep=",")
sum <- sumA + sumB
```
]
---
## 1. Organization Pro-Tip
> A variable name that describes an object is more useful than a random variable name.
---
## 1. Organization - Benefits
* Your future self will be able to quickly find files.
* Colleagues will be able to more quickly understand your workflow.
* Machine readable names can be quickly and easily sorted and parsed.
---
## 2. Documentation
Document all workflow steps:
* You can remind your future self of your workflow.
* Others can see and understand your work.
* Future "re-analysis" of your data is more efficient.
---
## 2. Documentation - Code
Code should be easy to understand with clear goals:
---
## 2. Documentation - Code
> Document your code even if you think it's clear and simple. Your collaborators
> & your future self will inevitably have an easier time working with it down the road.
---
## Documentation Pro-Tip 1
> Add comments around functions that describe purpose, inputs and outputs.
---
## Documentation Pro-Tip 2
> Avoid proprietary formats: Use text files (.txt, .md) that don't require special tools to open.
---
## Documentation Pro-Tip 3
> Markdown to style documentation = machine readable, small file size, low overhead.
---
## Documentation Pro-Tip 4
> Use coding approaches that connect data cleaning, analysis & results
Example Tools: R Markdown and IPython / Jupyter notebooks allow you to publish code and results
in one (or more) output files.
---
## 3. Automation
Automate your workflows when possible by:
* Using scripts vs. point & click approaches.
* Using function-based coding vs. continuous code where tasks are repeated.
* Developing scripted workflows rather than series of tasks (e.g. makefiles).
---
## 3. Automation Benefits - Save Time
* More efficient to modify and repeat an analysis down the road.
* Easier for reviewers and colleagues to see even aspect of your methods.
* Self documenting methods - your future self will likely forget small steps.
---
## 3. Automation Pro-Tip
> A script may mean more time spent up front, but will save time in the long run.
---
class: inverse, center, middle
## DRY
Don't Repeat Yourself
---
## 3. Automation - DRY
> If your analysis is composed of scripts, with repeated code throughout, it will be more time consuming to maintain and update.
Reproducible Science Curriculum - Automation
---
class: center, middle
## Automation - Create Modular Code
Modularity -- use functions to write code in reusable chunks.
---
class: center, middle
![Functionalize All Things graphic ]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/slide-shows/intro-rr/func-all-things.jpg)
---
## Automation - Functionalize
* Variables created within a function are temporary.
* Code with functions is easier to read / cleaner.
* Supports better documentation.
* Supports testing.
* Allows for code re-use with other data.
---
## 4. Dissemination
> Publishing is not the end of your analysis, rather it is a way towards
> your future research and the future research of others.
---
## 4. Dissemination - Why
* Funding agency / journal requirement.
* Community expects it.
* Increased visibility / citation.
* More efficient, less redundant science.
---
## 4. Dissemination workflow
Example Workflow / Tools:
* Document workflow: **R Markdown / Jupyter Notebooks**
* Collaborate with Colleagues / Version Control : **GitHub**
* Publish Data Snapshot: **FigShare, Dryad, etc**
* Share workflow: ** RPubs , IPython Notebook Viewer**
---
## Facets of Reproducibility: Tools / Skills
1. Documentation: RMarkdown / Jupyter Notebooks, GitHub
2. Organization: File naming / organization.
3. Automation: Code documentation, Efficient Coding
4. Dissemination: GitHub, Rpubs, ...
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name: inverse
class: center, middle, inverse
## Improve This Presentation
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I find that emotional conflict occurs most often as a result of mis-understanding or mis-interpretation. There are occasions when a conflict emerges as the result of a direct affront or intentional manipulation, but more often than not it is accidental.
Believing this to be true provides a powerful starting point for navigating discord. It is... disarming. When we perceive ourselves to be in conflict with someone else, our first impulse is to fight or flee. This is normal. However, if we are able to pause for a beat and assess if the conflict is an actual attack, or if it is the result of a mis-understanding, we give our selves a broader set of options for how to proceed.
Recently, I experienced an issue with a colleague at work. We have been working on different aspects of the same project. Without going into details, there were several occasions when this colleague did things that I perceived as undermining the project. In spite of having clear direction and verbally agreeing to a plan, this individual would do something very different.
My initial impulse was to confront this person and demand that they stop undermining the project. It seemed clear to me, and others who I consulted with that there was little room for misunderstanding. In fact, my supervisor believed that this person's actions were insubordinate and represented such a problem that human resources should be involved. However, I looked for a deeper understanding of 'why' this colleague was doing what they were doing.
After careful consideration, and lots of back and forth, it became clear to me that this person was reacting to a threat that they perceived. Due to changes in the project, they thought that their role was being minimized and that their job was actually in jeopardy. (Ironically, it wasn't until their behavior created such problems.)
My approach with working with this individual changed to being more reassuring, when I could and to double down on reaching consensus and clear understanding. This seemed to help. The undermining behavior lessened as did the tension.
To be honest, I am not sure how I feel about the outcome. On the one hand, my adjustment worked to ameliorate the problem, but on the other...the behavior was so detrimental...so problematic, that there really should have been consequences. I am not an advocate for punishment as an end unto itself, but I do feel a loathing at the thought of working on another project with this individual.
That being said, such remedies are not available to me. I am not in a supervisory role in relation to this person, and I had limited recourse in addressing the underlying behavior from that end. So, I suppose I did the best I could with a bad situation and made it work.


DBC-Technical Blog:
Date: 08.09.15
Entry #: 5
Commentary:
As you can tell, what Classes allow a programmer to do is instead of having to write code for the first person (Kunal) and another piece of code for the second person (Vaishali), by defining a class and using instance variables within methods, one can easily maneuver between actions performed on Kunal and Vaishali, very simply and eloquently by populating either method with said 'instance' variable names. Notice the output, (last three lines) and how they were achieved.


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Package pit_pkg
Package to implement the core PIT logic. This package is called by PIT as the API for PIT_PKG only.
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initialize
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Initialization procedure Made public to allow for any session to reset the PIT.
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set_context
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Procedure to change the settings in the global PIT_CONTEXT
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reset_active_context
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Procedure to reset log settings to the default settings
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reset_context
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Procedure to reset the complete context to default settings
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get_active_modules
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Function to retrieve a list of active modules
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get_available_modules
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Function to retrieve a list of available modules
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log
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Logs messages
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enter
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Traces entering a procedure
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leave
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Traces leaving a procedure
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purge
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Purges the message stack after a given point in time
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print
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Prints a message to the output modules.
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raise_error
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Raises an error
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get_message
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Returns an instance of type MESSAGE_TYPE.
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initialize
Procedure initialize
Initialization procedure Made public to allow for any session to reset the PIT.
As the actual status is persisted in a global context, initializing PIT will re-initialize all PIT packages
set_context
Procedure set_context(p_log_level in integer,
p_trace_level in integer,
p_trace_timing in boolean,
p_module_list in varchar2,
p_focus in varchar2 default 'ACTIVE')
Procedure to change the settings in the global PIT_CONTEXT
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p_log_level
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New log level.
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p_trace_level
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New trace level
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p_trace_timing
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Flag to switch timing on or off
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p_module_list
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Colon-separated list of output modules used
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p_focus
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Indicates whether changes are made for the active session only (ACTIVE) or as a new default setting (DEFAULT). Defaults to ACTIVE $usage This procedure is used when log settings shall be changed dynamically Normal usage is to overwrite log settings as defined in the parameters for a given session.
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reset_active_context
Procedure reset_active_context
Procedure to reset log settings to the default settings
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If settings for a session were changed, calling this procedure resets these settings to the default settings as defined by the parameters
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reset_context
Procedure reset_context
Procedure to reset the complete context to default settings
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Use this procedure if all session settings shall be reset to the default settings. Be aware that calling this procedure will reset ALL log settings of ALL sessions to default
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get_active_modules
Function get_active_modules return args
Function to retrieve a list of active modules
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Use this function if you require a list of active modules.
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ARGS-type, List of module names
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get_available_modules
Function get_available_modules return args
Function to retrieve a list of available modules
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Use this function if you require a list of available modules. A module is AVAILABLE if it could be initialized succesfully.
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ARGS-type, List of module names
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log
Procedure log(p_level in integer,
p_message_name in varchar2,
p_arg_list in msg_args)
Logs messages
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This procedure is called from PIT. It takes the message_name and constructs an instance of MESSAGE_TYPE for it. It then calls any log procedure of all active output modules and passes the message.
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p_level
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Log-level. Allows to decide whether PIT should log or not.
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p_message_name
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Name of the message to log
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p_arg_list
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List of replacement values for the message
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enter
Procedure enter(p_action in varchar2,
p_module in varchar2,
p_params in msg_params,
p_trace_level in number)
Traces entering a procedure
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This procedure is called from PIT to trace entering a procedure. It will determine timing information and maintain a call stack.
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p_action
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Nam of the block that is executed. Normally the procedure or function name within a package.
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p_module
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Unit that contains the method that is executed. Either the package name or ANONYMOUS, PROCEDURE, FUNCTION or TRIGGER
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p_params
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List of parameters which is passed into tracing. Only varhar2 is allowed as a parameter value with a maximum of 4000 byte.
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p_trace_level
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Trace level to allow for selective tracing.
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leave
Procedure leave(p_trace_level in number)
Traces leaving a procedure
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This procedure is called from PIT to trace leaving a procedure. It will determine timing information and maintain a call stack.
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p_trace_level
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Trace level to allow for selective tracing.
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purge
Procedure purge(p_date_before in date)
Purges the message stack after a given point in time
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This procedure is called from PIT to purge the message stack p_date_before determines which entries shall be purged.
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p_date_before
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Date, before which the message log is purged
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print
Procedure print(p_message_name in varchar2,
p_arg_list msg_args default null)
Prints a message to the output modules. Used to pass user information to the view layer
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This procedure is called from PIT. It takes the message_name and constructs an instance of MESSAGE_TYPE for it. It then calls any print procedure of all active output modules and passes the message.
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p_message_name
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Name of the message to log
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p_arg_list
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List of replacement values for the message
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raise_error
Procedure raise_error(p_message_name varchar2, p_arg_list in msg_args)
Raises an error
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This procedure is called from PIT. It takes the message_name and constructs an instance of MESSAGE_TYPE for it. It then calls raises an error with the respective message that can be caught by the exception block. Messages with severity error or fatal have an associated error called <MESSAGE_NAME>_ERR that can be used to capture the error.
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p_message_name
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Name of the message to log
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p_arg_list
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List of replacement values for the message
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get_message
Function get_message(p_message_name in varchar2, p_arg_list msg_args)
return message_type
Returns an instance of type MESSAGE_TYPE.
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This procedure is called from PIT. It takes the message_name and constructs an instance of MESSAGE_TYPE and returns the message instance.
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p_message_name
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Name of the message to log
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p_arg_list
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List of replacement values for the message
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Instance of the requested message.
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