A previous version of this tutorial was written by Brennan Bearnes.
A “LAMP” stack is a group of open-source software that is typically installed together to enable a server to host dynamic websites and web apps. This term is actually an acronym which represents the Linux operating system, with the Apache web server. The site data is stored in a MySQL database, and dynamic content is processed by PHP.
In this guide, we will install a LAMP stack on an Ubuntu 18.04 server.
In order to complete this tutorial, you will need to have an Ubuntu 18.04 server with a non-root sudo
-enabled user account and a basic firewall. This can be configured using our initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 18.04.
The Apache web server is among the most popular web servers in the world. It’s well-documented and has been in wide use for much of the history of the web, which makes it a great default choice for hosting a website.
Install Apache using Ubuntu’s package manager, apt
:
- sudo apt update
- sudo apt install apache2
Since this is a sudo
command, these operations are executed with root privileges. It will ask you for your regular user’s password to verify your intentions.
Once you’ve entered your password, apt
will tell you which packages it plans to install and how much extra disk space they’ll take up. Press Y
and hit ENTER
to continue, and the installation will proceed.
Next, assuming that you have followed the initial server setup instructions and enabled the UFW firewall, make sure that your firewall allows HTTP and HTTPS traffic. You can check that UFW has an application profile for Apache like so:
- sudo ufw app list
OutputAvailable applications:
Apache
Apache Full
Apache Secure
OpenSSH
If you look at the Apache Full
profile, it should show that it enables traffic to ports 80
and 443
:
- sudo ufw app info "Apache Full"
OutputProfile: Apache Full
Title: Web Server (HTTP,HTTPS)
Description: Apache v2 is the next generation of the omnipresent Apache web
server.
Ports:
80,443/tcp
Allow incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic for this profile:
- sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full"
You can do a spot check right away to verify that everything went as planned by visiting your server’s public IP address in your web browser (see the note under the next heading to find out what your public IP address is if you do not have this information already):
http://your_server_ip
You will see the default Ubuntu 18.04 Apache web page, which is there for informational and testing purposes. It should look something like this:
If you see this page, then your web server is now correctly installed and accessible through your firewall.
If you do not know what your server’s public IP address is, there are a number of ways you can find it. Usually, this is the address you use to connect to your server through SSH.
There are a few different ways to do this from the command line. First, you could use the iproute2
tools to get your IP address by typing this:
- ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//'
This will give you two or three lines back. They are all correct addresses, but your computer may only be able to use one of them, so feel free to try each one.
An alternative method is to use the curl
utility to contact an outside party to tell you how it sees your server. This is done by asking a specific server what your IP address is:
- sudo apt install curl
- curl http://icanhazip.com
Regardless of the method you use to get your IP address, type it into your web browser’s address bar to view the default Apache page.
Now that you have your web server up and running, it is time to install MySQL. MySQL is a database management system. Basically, it will organize and provide access to databases where your site can store information.
Again, use apt
to acquire and install this software:
- sudo apt install mysql-server
Note: In this case, you do not have to run sudo apt update
prior to the command. This is because you recently ran it in the commands above to install Apache. The package index on your computer should already be up-to-date.
This command, too, will show you a list of the packages that will be installed, along with the amount of disk space they’ll take up. Enter Y
to continue.
When the installation is complete, run a simple security script that comes pre-installed with MySQL which will remove some dangerous defaults and lock down access to your database system. Start the interactive script by running:
- sudo mysql_secure_installation
This will ask if you want to configure the VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN
.
Note: Enabling this feature is something of a judgment call. If enabled, passwords which don’t match the specified criteria will be rejected by MySQL with an error. This will cause issues if you use a weak password in conjunction with software which automatically configures MySQL user credentials, such as the Ubuntu packages for phpMyAdmin. It is safe to leave validation disabled, but you should always use strong, unique passwords for database credentials.
Answer Y
for yes, or anything else to continue without enabling.
VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords
and improve security. It checks the strength of password
and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?
Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No:
If you answer “yes”, you’ll be asked to select a level of password validation. Keep in mind that if you enter 2
for the strongest level, you will receive errors when attempting to set any password which does not contain numbers, upper and lowercase letters, and special characters, or which is based on common dictionary words.
There are three levels of password validation policy:
LOW Length >= 8
MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file
Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 1
Regardless of whether you chose to set up the VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN
, your server will next ask you to select and confirm a password for the MySQL root user. This is an administrative account in MySQL that has increased privileges. Think of it as being similar to the root account for the server itself (although the one you are configuring now is a MySQL-specific account). Make sure this is a strong, unique password, and do not leave it blank.
If you enabled password validation, you’ll be shown the password strength for the root password you just entered and your server will ask if you want to change that password. If you are happy with your current password, enter N
for “no” at the prompt:
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
For the rest of the questions, press Y
and hit the ENTER
key at each prompt. This will remove some anonymous users and the test database, disable remote root logins, and load these new rules so that MySQL immediately respects the changes you have made.
Note that in Ubuntu systems running MySQL 5.7 (and later versions), the root MySQL user is set to authenticate using the auth_socket
plugin by default rather than with a password. This allows for some greater security and usability in many cases, but it can also complicate things when you need to allow an external program (e.g., phpMyAdmin) to access the user.
If you prefer to use a password when connecting to MySQL as root, you will need to switch its authentication method from auth_socket
to mysql_native_password
. To do this, open up the MySQL prompt from your terminal:
- sudo mysql
Next, check which authentication method each of your MySQL user accounts use with the following command:
- SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
Output+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| user | authentication_string | plugin | host |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| root | | auth_socket | localhost |
| mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | *CC744277A401A7D25BE1CA89AFF17BF607F876FF | mysql_native_password | localhost |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
In this example, you can see that the root user does in fact authenticate using the auth_socket
plugin. To configure the root account to authenticate with a password, run the following ALTER USER
command. Be sure to change password
to a strong password of your choosing:
- ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
Then, run FLUSH PRIVILEGES
which tells the server to reload the grant tables and put your new changes into effect:
- FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Check the authentication methods employed by each of your users again to confirm that root no longer authenticates using the auth_socket
plugin:
- SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user;
Output+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| user | authentication_string | plugin | host |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
| root | *3636DACC8616D997782ADD0839F92C1571D6D78F | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE | mysql_native_password | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | *CC744277A401A7D25BE1CA89AFF17BF607F876FF | mysql_native_password | localhost |
+------------------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
You can see in this example output that the root MySQL user now authenticates using a password. Once you confirm this on your own server, you can exit the MySQL shell:
- exit
At this point, your database system is now set up and you can move on to installing PHP, the final component of the LAMP stack.
PHP is the component of your setup that will process code to display dynamic content. It can run scripts, connect to your MySQL databases to get information, and hand the processed content over to your web server to display.
Once again, leverage the apt
system to install PHP. In addition, include some helper packages this time so that PHP code can run under the Apache server and talk to your MySQL database:
- sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql
This should install PHP without any problems. We’ll test this in a moment.
In most cases, you will want to modify the way that Apache serves files when a directory is requested. Currently, if a user requests a directory from the server, Apache will first look for a file called index.html
. We want to tell the web server to prefer PHP files over others, so make Apache look for an index.php
file first.
To do this, type this command to open the dir.conf
file in a text editor with root privileges:
- sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf
It will look like this:
<IfModule mod_dir.c>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>
Move the PHP index file (highlighted above) to the first position after the DirectoryIndex
specification, like this:
<IfModule mod_dir.c>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm
</IfModule>
When you are finished, save and close the file by pressing CTRL+X
. Confirm the save by typing Y
and then hit ENTER
to verify the file save location.
After this, restart the Apache web server in order for your changes to be recognized. Do this by typing this:
- sudo systemctl restart apache2
You can also check on the status of the apache2
service using systemctl
:
- sudo systemctl status apache2
Sample Output● apache2.service - LSB: Apache2 web server
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/apache2; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d
└─apache2-systemd.conf
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-04-23 14:28:43 EDT; 45s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 13581 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/apache2 stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 13605 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/apache2 start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 512)
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─13623 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─13626 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─13627 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─13628 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─13629 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─13630 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
Press Q
to exit this status output.
To enhance the functionality of PHP, you have the option to install some additional modules. To see the available options for PHP modules and libraries, pipe the results of apt search
into less
, a pager which lets you scroll through the output of other commands:
- apt search php- | less
Use the arrow keys to scroll up and down, and press Q
to quit.
The results are all optional components that you can install. It will give you a short description for each:
bandwidthd-pgsql/bionic 2.0.1+cvs20090917-10ubuntu1 amd64
Tracks usage of TCP/IP and builds html files with graphs
bluefish/bionic 2.2.10-1 amd64
advanced Gtk+ text editor for web and software development
cacti/bionic 1.1.38+ds1-1 all
web interface for graphing of monitoring systems
ganglia-webfrontend/bionic 3.6.1-3 all
cluster monitoring toolkit - web front-end
golang-github-unknwon-cae-dev/bionic 0.0~git20160715.0.c6aac99-4 all
PHP-like Compression and Archive Extensions in Go
haserl/bionic 0.9.35-2 amd64
CGI scripting program for embedded environments
kdevelop-php-docs/bionic 5.2.1-1ubuntu2 all
transitional package for kdevelop-php
kdevelop-php-docs-l10n/bionic 5.2.1-1ubuntu2 all
transitional package for kdevelop-php-l10n
…
:
To learn more about what each module does, you could search the internet for more information about them. Alternatively, look at the long description of the package by typing:
- apt show package_name
There will be a lot of output, with one field called Description
which will have a longer explanation of the functionality that the module provides.
For example, to find out what the php-cli
module does, you could type this:
- apt show php-cli
Along with a large amount of other information, you’ll find something that looks like this:
Output…
Description: command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language (default)
This package provides the /usr/bin/php command interpreter, useful for
testing PHP scripts from a shell or performing general shell scripting tasks.
.
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used
open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited
for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
.
This package is a dependency package, which depends on Ubuntu's default
PHP version (currently 7.2).
…
If, after researching, you decide you would like to install a package, you can do so by using the apt install
command like you have been doing for the other software.
If you decided that php-cli
is something that you need, you could type:
- sudo apt install php-cli
If you want to install more than one module, you can do that by listing each one, separated by a space, following the apt install
command, like this:
- sudo apt install package1 package2 ...
At this point, your LAMP stack is installed and configured. Before you do anything else, we recommend that you set up an Apache virtual host where you can store your server’s configuration details.
When using the Apache web server, you can use virtual hosts (similar to server blocks in Nginx) to encapsulate configuration details and host more than one domain from a single server. We will set up a domain called your_domain, but you should replace this with your own domain name. To learn more about setting up a domain name with DigitalOcean, see our Introduction to DigitalOcean DNS.
Apache on Ubuntu 18.04 has one server block enabled by default that is configured to serve documents from the /var/www/html
directory. While this works well for a single site, it can become unwieldy if you are hosting multiple sites. Instead of modifying /var/www/html
, let’s create a directory structure within /var/www
for our your_domain site, leaving /var/www/html
in place as the default directory to be served if a client request doesn’t match any other sites.
Create the directory for your_domain as follows:
sudo mkdir /var/www/your_domain
Next, assign ownership of the directory with the $USER
environment variable:
- sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/your_domain
The permissions of your web roots should be correct if you haven’t modified your unmask
value, but you can make sure by typing:
- sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/your_domain
Next, create a sample index.html
page using nano
or your favorite editor:
- nano /var/www/your_domain/index.html
Inside, add the following sample HTML:

<title>Welcome to Your_domain!</title>

Success! The your_domain server block is working!

Save and close the file when you are finished.
In order for Apache to serve this content, it’s necessary to create a virtual host file with the correct directives. Instead of modifying the default configuration file located at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
directly, let’s make a new one at /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf
:
- sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf
Paste in the following configuration block, which is similar to the default, but updated for our new directory and domain name:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName your_domain
ServerAlias www.your_domain
DocumentRoot /var/www/your_domain
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
Notice that we’ve updated the DocumentRoot
to our new directory and ServerAdmin
to an email that the your_domain site administrator can access. We’ve also added two directives: ServerName
, which establishes the base domain that should match for this virtual host definition, and ServerAlias
, which defines further names that should match as if they were the base name.
Save and close the file when you are finished.
Let’s enable the file with the a2ensite
tool:
- sudo a2ensite your_domain.conf
Disable the default site defined in 000-default.conf
:
- sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf
Next, let’s test for configuration errors:
- sudo apache2ctl configtest
You should see the following output:
OutputSyntax OK
Restart Apache to implement your changes:
- sudo systemctl restart apache2
Apache should now be serving your domain name. You can test this by navigating to http://your_domain
, where you should see something like this:
With that, you virtual host is fully set up. Before making any more changes or deploying an application, though, it would be helpful to proactively test out your PHP configuration in case there are any issues that should be addressed.
In order to test that your system is configured properly for PHP, create a very basic PHP script called info.php
. In order for Apache to find this file and serve it correctly, it must be saved to your web root directory.
Create the file at the web root you created in the previous step by running:
- sudo nano /var/www/your_domain/info.php
This will open a blank file. Add the following text, which is valid PHP code, inside the file:
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
When you are finished, save and close the file.
Now you can test whether your web server is able to correctly display content generated by this PHP script. To try this out, visit this page in your web browser. You’ll need your server’s public IP address again.
The address you will want to visit is:
http://your_domain/info.php
The page that you come to should look something like this:
This page provides some basic information about your server from the perspective of PHP. It is useful for debugging and to ensure that your settings are being applied correctly.
If you can see this page in your browser, then your PHP is working as expected.
You probably want to remove this file after this test because it could actually give information about your server to unauthorized users. To do this, run the following command:
- sudo rm /var/www/your_domain/info.php
You can always recreate this page if you need to access the information again later.
Now that you have a LAMP stack installed, you have many choices for what to do next. Basically, you’ve installed a platform that will allow you to install most kinds of websites and web software on your server.
As an immediate next step, you should ensure that connections to your web server are secured, by serving them via HTTPS. The easiest option here is to use Let’s Encrypt to secure your site with a free TLS/SSL certificate.
Some other popular options are:


CHANGELOG.rdoc
- CHANGELOG.rdoc
- Last modified: Tue Dec 06 21:56:09 +0100 2011
1.0.4 / 16 Sep 2010
- maintain filename sanitization compatibility with ruby 1.8.6 [Sung Pae, Tim
Charper]
1.0.3 / 17 Aug 2010
- replace :sanitize_file_name with a call to String#shellescape [Sung Pae]
- Added gemspec file and removed echoe dependency [Miron Cuperman, Delano
Mandelbaum]
- Removed Hanna dependency in Rakefile [Delano Mandelbaum]
1.0.2 / 4 Feb 2009
- Escape spaces in file names on remote server [Jamis Buck]
1.0.1 / 29 May 2008
- Make sure downloads open the file in binary mode to appease Windows [Jamis
Buck]
1.0.0 / 1 May 2008
- Pass the channel object as the first argument to the progress callback
[Jamis Buck]
1.0 Preview Release 1 (0.99.0) / 22 Mar 2008


Type Definitions
GqlQuery
A GraphQL Query
Type:
- Object
- Source:
SmartQuery
An object that contains information for an Apollo query
The name of the object determines the template property that will get updated
This is an inexhaustive list of properties. See https://vue-apollo.netlify.com/api/smart-query.html for all properties.
Type:
- Object
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
query |
GqlQuery | The query. |
variables |
Object | The variables to search. |
update |
function | Undefined | Optionally, transform the returned data (we almost always do this) |
result |
function | Undefined | Perform actions with the retrieved data other than updating the property |
- Source:


Design Sprint Index
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What is a Design Sprint? A simple SUMMARY for beginners
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Your design team needs a war room; here's how to set one up
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Perfect Design Sprint Team - Who should join a Design Sprint and How Many?
All the Supplies You Need to Run a Design Sprint
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Preparing for your first design sprint
thoughtbot
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Example Schedule for Understand
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Start recruiting customers for test
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Storyboarding, 2.0!
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Schedule customers and draft interview guide
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Prototype: Quickly build the right path
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Finalize test schedule and complete interview guide
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thoughtbot
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Friday
GV
Friday video with Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky
Checklist for Friday
Interview customers and summarize findings
The Five-Act Interview with Michael Margolis


This page contains examples of my Bounding Interval Hierarchy (I-Tree) Library (jsbih.js) for Javascript. The library is an open-source, extremely high performance, and non-recursive implementation of a multidimensional spatial indexing structure.
To contribute to, watch, or fork the I-Tree Library, see the project on GitHub at http://github.com/imbcmdth/ITree
Preliminary unit testing examples. (note: remove() not yet implemented!)
Inserts 100k objects. Performs some searches. Inserts another 100k objects. Performs some more searches.
Screenshot of various benchmark results
Amazing Results:
| User Agent | Initialize w/ 100k objects | Perform 10k searches | Add 100k more objects | Another 10k searches |
| Firefox 3.7a4 pre | 6047 ms | 694 ms | 7075 ms | 1146 ms |
| Safari (webkit r57055) | 4137 ms | 404 ms | 5047 ms | 1077 ms |
| Opera 10.51 build 3315 | 1514 ms | 327 ms | 1510 ms | 530 ms |
| Chrome 5.0.342.8 beta | 2149 ms | 529 ms | 2639 ms | 485 ms |
ONLY run on Opera, Chrome, Safari, or Firefox 3.7 nightlies! (WARNING: This might just crash your browser.)
This test generates 1 million (!!) dense non-overlapping rectangles of various size and color.


Antharas Watchman Theodric:
You do not have the
Portal Stone
which means you haven't satisfied the minimum requirements for this mission.
So if you really want to face Antharas, you need to be recognized by
Gabriel
in Giran village.


Donate your brain
... and compete to win the grand prize.
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most innovative minds within software development, design
and concept development to help make the world a better place
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Serena Sinclair has appeared in 4 episodes between 1965-1979. Note that these appearances may be for more than one person if multiple people have the same name.


I would like to make a build that has crip.strike, E-dodge, good sneak dmg, high dex, maxed hide/ms+feats, good archer and can go melee. It has to be the 3 specific classes because otherwise the server i play on will not allow a player to lock pick. To max potential i don't know how many lvls of each class is need. Although i have to say that at least 3 SD lvls is needed as for assasin as well. Maybe Assasin could be left out but it gets grt dex bonus feats. any ideas would be wonderful.


Actually on my last post on this blog; it was a simple problem but I couldn't find the words, I got mentally blocked and just hit a wall, time was ticking and needed to write it!
In order to solve it I actually used the rubber duck method, in this case I spoke to my dog about it, I immediately didn't think I was using that method, I was just rambling about finding the words and while doing that, the words came to me, so I started writing. It was then that I noticed that I have used this method before and do it often. It made me feel really good as this was the first time that I notice that I use this method. I learn that sometimes I just need to express my ideas out loud and also that sometimes I just need to write.
So there was also the time when I designed a piece of furniture for my living room. There was a bookshelf and a tv stand, but then swap the old tv for a flat screen, needless to say that nothing look good with that change, so I decided that I needed new furniture to make everything look better, so I sat down and wrote what I wanted: "the bookshelf to be integrated with the tv stand" something that look simple enough, this case I used the 'pseudocode' with a slight twist, I did a couple of sketches, so next step went to the hardware store and got what I needed, that night I sat down and enjoy a nice evening watching tv... my new tv with my 'own designed' bookshelf/tv furniture. This time I learned that I can do what I set my mind into. (after 5 years I still have this piece of furniture... there's no glue, no nails or no screws!)
I have noticed in the last couple of weeks that I do tend to utilise more of these methods than I expected, google is probably the most common, although it is important to know what to search and how to search for it. I tend to also express myself out loud (the rubber duck method), but this I only tend to do it when I'm alone or if I'm speaking with a person that is in the room about it. The pseudocode is another method that I tend to use a lot, I use it to clear my head and help me get a clearer idea of what needs to be done, sometimes I don't need to write about the problem but to draw a graph or a sketch, anything to help me visualise the problem in order to be able to solve it. I do, however tend to be a bit shy when it comes to look to a classmate or facilitator when I have a problem, I have realised that I am a bit stubborn like that and want to find the answer by myself, I need to learn to ask for help when I need it.


Authentication is the identification of a user tied to an account or session. Numerous authentication frameworks are available to use.


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For Javascript developer to have some idea about html to impress interviewer..
January 01, 2014
Need more: CSS Interview Questions, JavaScript Beginners Algorithm
Question: What is doctype? Why do u need it?
Answer: doctype is an instruction to the browser to inform about the version of html document and how browser should render it.
It ensures how element should be displayed on the page by most of the browser. And it also makes browser's life easier. otherwise, browser will guess and will go to quirks mode. Moreover, doctype is required to validate markup.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
extra: this the first tag of html file, don't need a closing tag and not case sensitive.
ref: don't forget doctype, Sparse vs Dense ArrayQuestion: What is the use of data- attribute?
Answer: allow you to store extra information/ data in the DOM. u can write valid html with embedded private data. You can easily access data attribute by using javascript and hence a lot of libraries like knockout uses it.

Question: How can u generate public key in html?
Answer: html has a keygen element that facilitate generation of key and submission via a form.
<keygen name="name" challenge="challenge string" keytype="type" keyparams="pqg-params">
extra: keygen has to be used inside a form.
ref: MDN: keygenQuestion: How can u change direction of html text?
Answer: use bdo (bidirectional override) element of html.

<bdo dir="rtl">This text will go right to left.</bdo>

result:
This text will go right to left.
extra: rtl: right to left. and alternatively you can use, ltr: left to right.
Question: How can u highlight text in html?
Answer: use mark element.

Some part of this paragraph is highlighted by using mark element.

result:Some part of this paragraph is highlighted by using mark element.
Question: Can u apply css rule to a part of html document?
Answer: yes. by using "scoped" in the style tag.
ref MDN: styleQuestion: Does the following trigger http request at the time of page load?

Answer: yes

Answer: yes
ref: David Shariff: quiz
Question: Does style1.css have to be downloaded and parsed before style2.css can be fetched?

<link href="style1.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="style2.css" rel="stylesheet">

Answer: No
Question: Does style2.css have to be downloaded and parsed before Paragraph 1 is rendered on the page?

<link href="style1.css" rel="stylesheet">

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

<link href="style2.css" rel="stylesheet">

Answer: yes
ref: David Shariff: quizQuestion: What are optional closing tag? and why would u use it?
Answer: p, li, td, tr, th, html, body, etc. you don't have to provide end tag. Whenever browser hits a new tag it automatically ends the previous tag. However, you have to be careful to escape it.
reason: you can save some byte and reduce bytes needs to be downloaded in a html file.

Some text

Some more text

A list item

Another list item

the above html will be parsed as the following blocks.

Some text

Some more text

A list item

Another list item

Question: What is the difference between span and div?
Answer: div is a block element and span is inline element.
Extra: It is illegal to put block element inside inline element. div can have a p tag and a p tag can have a span. However, span can't have a div or p tag inside.
Question: When should you use section, div or article?
Answer:

, group of content
inside is related to a single theme, and should appear as an entry in
an outline of the page. It’s a chunk of related content, like a
subsection of a long article, a major part of the page (eg the news
section on the homepage), or a page in a webapp’s tabbed interface. A
section normally has a heading (title) and maybe a footer too.

, represents a complete, or self-contained, composition in a document, page, application, or site and that is, in principle, independently distributable or reusable, e.g. in syndication. This could be a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent item of content.

, on the other hand, does not convey any meaning, aside from any found in its class, lang and title attributes.
Good Summary:div, section & article
Extra: Authors are strongly encouraged to view the div element as an element of last resort, for when no other element is suitable. Use of more appropriate elements instead of the div element leads to better accessibility for readers and easier maintainability for authors.
ref: (copied from) W3C: section, W3C: div, W3c: article
Question: What are the difference between svg and canvas?
Answer: Read this one. (I am tired of copy-pasting)
Question: How to serve a page content in multiple languages?
Answer: CMS could be used to deliver content in different language with same structure and style.
ref: john polacek
Question: Difference between standard/ strict mode and quirks mode?
Answer: quirks mode in browser allows u to render page for as old browsers. This is for backward compatibility.
Question: What is semantic HTML?
Answer: Semantic HTML, or "semantically-correct HTML", is HTML where the tags used to structure content are selected and applied appropriately to the meaning of the content.
for example,  (for bold), and  (for italic) should never be used, because they’re to do with formatting, not with the meaning or structure of the content. Instead, use the replacements  and  (meaning emphasis), which by default will turn text bold and italic (but don’t have to do so in all browsers), while adding meaning to the structure of the content.
Question: Why you would like to use semantic tag?
Answer: Search Engine Optimization, accessibility, repurposing, light code.
Many visually impaired person rely on browser speech and semantic tag helps to interpret page content clearly.
Search engine needs to understand page content to rank and semantic tag helps.
ref: why important, Wiki: semantic HTML
Question: What does “semantically correct” mean?
Answer: read it in Stackoverflow
Feel free to express your anger (sorry folks, you have to use g+.). Also point out my mistakes ( technical, wrong answer, spelling, grammar, sentence..., whatever), let your dude learn and grow.


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| Data Elements {{totalNrOfElements}} | Created by | Last modified |
| {{post.name}} | {{post.user.name}} | {{post.lastUpdated | toReadableDate}} |
| Data Elements {{totalNrOfElements}} | Created by | Last modified |
| {{post.name}} | {{post.user.name}} | {{post.lastUpdated | toReadableDate}} |


China says will 'fully respect' Taiwan's way of life
BEIJING/TAIPEI: China will "fully respect" Taiwan's way of life and social system once it has been "peacefully reunified", as long as national security is protected, the ruling Communist Party said on Tuesday (Nov 5), in another overture to the self-ruled island.
China claims democratic Taiwan as its own and has stepped up pressure on the strategically located island since President Tsai Ing-wen assumed office in 2016, fearing she wishes to push for its formal independence, a red line for Beijing.
Taiwan, which holds presidential elections in January, has shown no interest in being run by autocratic China.
READ: China offers more access for Taiwan firms, Taiwan warns of a trap
In a statement on the decisions reached at a key meeting of the party's leadership last week known as a plenum, the party said it would firmly push for the "peaceful reunification" and "promote institutional arrangements for peaceful development".
"Under the premise of ensuring national sovereignty, security, and development interests, after peaceful reunification, the social system and way of life of Taiwan compatriots will be fully respected," it said.
"Private property, religious beliefs, and legitimate rights and interests of Taiwan compatriots will be fully protected."
China has not explained how Taiwan's democracy may be allowed to continue if it takes control of the island.
On Monday, China unveiled measures to further open its markets to firms from self-ruled Taiwan, including raising capital, and to make life easier for people from Taiwan both in China and abroad, including offering them consular protection.
Taiwan responded by warning its people not to be taken in by China's efforts at "enticement" ahead of the election.
Tsai said earlier on Tuesday that China was trying to influence the election and force it to accept "one country, two systems", referring to the high degree of autonomy China says it grants unrest-racked Hong Kong and wants Taiwan to eventually accept.
"There is only one answer to this - impossible," Tsai said.
Taiwan's Foreign Ministry also weighed in.
"Taiwan is a sovereign nation. The consular affairs we offer our citizens do not concern the PRC and we do not require them to act in our stead," it said on its Facebook page, referring to China's official name, the People's Republic of China.
China translates the word "tong yi" as "reunification", but it can also be translated as "unification", a term in English preferred by supporters of Taiwan independence who point out that Beijing's Communist government has never ruled Taiwan and so it cannot be "reunified".


This lightweight, open source web application the Fulcrum Query API for fetching data from your Fulcrum account. Simply login to your Fulcrum account and begin writing SQL queries!
This lightweight, open source web application utilizes the Fulcrum Query API for fetching data from your Fulcrum account. Simply login to your Fulcrum account and begin writing SQL queries!
If you write a query that returns the record_id (aka fulcrum_id) then checkboxes will appear and you can delete data PERMANENTLY from your Fulcrum account. This action cannot be undone so use caution!
This tool is provided free and with no expressed warranty or support. Use at your own risk.
Already have an API token? Enter it below.


File Properties Dialog
The File Properties Dialog lets you view the current file’s properties, including the number of objects it contains, the amount of memory it is using, and the file size.
| Name | The name of the current file. |
| Objects | The number of objects the current file contains, broken down into user objects and system objects (including classes, properties, and other hidden system objects that are included in every NeoMem file). |
| Memory Used | The approximate amount of memory used by all the objects in the current file. |
| File Size | The size of the file. |
| File Structure | The version of this file's file structure (the format used to store the file's objects to disk). |
| Data Model | The version of this file's data model (all the hidden system objects that are included in every NeoMem file). |
| Encryption | The encryption level for this file. To protect a file, select File / File Security... from the main menu. |


Apply for credit card
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Make sure you have chosen your county, town and municipality and have correctly entered your zip code!
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A credit card would be too mighty for your current financial capabilities
Do you confirm that the information above is correct and that you agree to the terms of service ?
I confirm that the data above is correct, and I agree to the terms of service.Please agree to the terms of service and confirm the validity of your data!


Loading Query...
Uh oh. There was an error opening the query. Your filters and view have not been changed. It is possible that this query has been removed. To try opening this query again, please navigate to the Workspace page and clicking on the query from the list shown on that page.


Website development available for small business and individuals on the North Shore of Minnesota.
Please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for additional information.


Career Profile
A pragmatic software professional, I proactively find problems to solve, set realistic goals, work in a determined yet flexible way to deliver results. I am a team player and clear communicator. I love knowledge accumulation and sharing.
Experiences
- Managed multiple openstack infrastractures having 1000+ nodes.
- Built a django REST Framework based server inventory dashboard
- Continously deployed complex infrastructure through Puppet
Projects
My github lists most of my projects from the past. Here is a selection of those:
iBooks Highlights exporter - An extremely useful utility for bibliophiles (I am one!)
SIC Assembler -
A simplified assembler written in clean, clear Python for SIC
bm - A nifty bookmarking tool for the bash shell
KOKO - A web based NLP tag generation tool for any type of text
Inspiread.today - Django based tool to build and sustain a long-term reading habit
YouAreNoted.com - Django based satire portal YouAreNoted for BMSIT college fest which garnered 1000+ submissions
Dhee - WxPython app with intuitive UI to manage ebooks.


Customizable radial progress bar component with gradients and animations!
Total steps: {{ totalSteps }}
Completed steps: {{ completedSteps }}


Sorry, we weren’t expecting that!
We know about it now, though, and hopefully we'll get things worked out soon. Right now, you should probably return to our homepage.


Only an Excuse film Hogmanay special at Lanarkshire campus of University of the West of Scotland
Jock Stein Sports Centre’s car park is being used as a base for the filming equipment.
by Shirley Bartynek, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/shirley-bartynek/Film crews were spotted in Hamilton today (Thursday, November 11).
Jock Stein Sports Centre’s car park is being used as a base for the filming equipment for this year’s Hogmanay episode of BBC sports comedy Only an Excuse.
The team are keeping their equipment at the centre while they film at the nearby University of the West of Scotland
Professor Craig Mahoney, principal and vice-chancellor of UWS, said: “We were delighted to welcome the cast and crew of Only an Excuse to our Lanarkshire campus to shoot scenes for the upcoming Hogmanay programme.
“It is fantastic to see such a buzz around the university and it is testament to the campus’ flexible and modern facilities that it has been chosen to be part of what is an incredibly popular Scottish sketch show.
“We look forward to watching the episode to see our amazing campus in action,”
The show, which stars Jonathan Watson, features sketches, spoofs and gags and comic characters putting the boot into the headlines that have dominated Scottish football and Scottish life over the past 12 months.


| DOSE: |
20 mg |
oral |
4-Acetoxy-MiPT |
(capsule) |
The 4-Substituted Tryptamines are a precious thing to me. Nearly every one seems to have tremendous value, and a unique character. Lately, they have seen an unfortunate dry spell. Although they shouldn’t be particularly difficult to synthesize, some of them have recently become practically impossible to find on the open market. That said, I was able to procure a supply of 4-Acetoxy-MiPT in its fumarate form that I believe to be quite pure. I was interested to see how it compares to the ever-familiar 4-AcO-DMT, a personal favorite of mine. I decided to start with fifteen milligrams and then increase my dose in five milligram increments, for as far as I felt comfortable going.
-First Trial: 15mg-
This was on a Saturday. I was at home alone and had no particular events planned.
2:15 PM: A capsule containing 15 milligrams of 4-AcO-MiPT powder is swallowed. The fumarate is a rusty color, almost pink. My stomach is not completely empty. I listen to music as I await the effects.
T+0:25: The substance is starting to kick in. My pulse is speeding up. In fact my whole perception of time seems to be getting faster. I feel very awake, very alert. There is a little bit of body tension, vaguely reminiscent of DiPT or 5-MeO-MiPT, but it isn’t really unpleasant. In fact, it is pleasurable.
T+0:35: In addition to the continued shifting of my perception of time and my state of awareness, colors are now beginning to change. There is a subtle shift toward pastel hues. It is a noticeable contrast to color-brightening drugs like 2C-I… this makes colors deeper, cooler, almost more old-fashioned looking. It’s not an electrified, shiny look at all. Yet it still distinctly looks ‘hallucinogenic’. It may not be eye-popping, but it does look a bit surreal.
T+0:45: With music playing, I walk around the apartment with my digital camera and take photographs of things where I live. I feel very precise and in-control operating the camera and framing subsections of my surroundings.
T+0:55: There is a very strong body energy to this compound. There is still color alteration, but without any moving open-eyed visuals. The closed-eye visuals are playful and tactile: Rumbling landscapes and warm impressions.
T+1:00: Sense and reaction times seem heightened. I feel hyper-alert.
T+1:15: Visually, this never really reaches a conclusion. Mentally, it is still deepening. And really it is there already. It is socially and analytically strong, with an echoing energy in the body- potentially quite erotic. A subtle, sensual drug. I feel very focused, very much able to interact with my surroundings and respond to anything that happens around me.
T+1:20: As it continues, I realize there is a pushy side to this substance… it feels warm and friendly at first, but after a while it strains on my consciousness… as if the hyper-awareness wears me out. At times, 4-AcO-MiPT can feel demanding.
T+1:30: I am laying down in bed and enjoying the satiny feel of the sheets. There are very strong sensations now in the skin. I’m trying to find the most comfortable position to take it all in. As I lay here, I can say there are definitely open-eye visuals, and they sometimes go beyond just color alteration. Changes in texture start to occur... things can appear grainy, pixely, leathery, or marble-textured. Color hues still tend towards the pastel. Things appear very relaxed.
T+1:40: I have been getting lost in thought... long periods of time spent pondering are good. Reading a book might be nice.
T+2:15: I find it difficult to read… I get sidetracked analyzing each individual sentence or just lose interest completely. It’s interesting: At first this clarifies things. Like a stimulant, it focuses my train of thought, pushing along my internal monologue and making it easier for me to process my own normal thoughts. It really seemed for a while like it might be a very strong tool for thinking, reflecting, learning- even working. But after a few hours it makes me tired, easily distracted, and at times downright lazy. A wide variety of different states of mind have come out of this substance.
T+2:45: There is still some effect. About the same as a half hour ago.
T+3:45: Still some tailing effects… beautiful at times, and the skin tingles feel nice, but I think I’ve seen enough for today.
T+4:45: STILL some lingering effects! This may be a bit longer lasting than 4-AcO-DMT.
T+5:45: Return to baseline.
This was a reasonably enjoyable introduction to Miprocetin. There were moderate but undeniable effects, sensorial and mental as well as physical effects. While the visual effect was not particularly strong compared to anything else, it was graceful, entertaining, and fairly unique. There were side-effects at this dose, but they were not severe. I felt comfortable following up with a slightly higher dose. For the second trial, I decided to interject an activity and see how well Miprocetin works in company, and in a more public role.
-Second Trial – 20mg-
1:55PM: Two gel capsules full of Miprocetin are swallowed on an empty stomach. Each capsule contains ten milligrams of powder.
T+0:15: I can feel some “squirming” in my brain… it feels like my neurotransmitter levels are shifting already, but I can’t yet judge the effect it’s going to have on my senses.
T+0:23: A sudden increase in pulse occurs. Not uncomfortable, though.
T+0:30: Feelings of energy in the body. Some dizziness, perhaps a bit uncomfortable. Not yet any visuals.
T+0:37: The earlier dizziness and anxiety symptoms recede. My mood evens out… and then the visual changes begin to set in.
T+0:45: Subtle visuals. Mostly color-shifting: The familiar emphasizing of pastel hues. Color tones are down-graded, yet emphasized. I am clear-minded, but there is a “heavy” feeling around my face. Not a body load, but a head load.
T+0:50: Color-shifting is readily identifiable everywhere. I am experiencing stimulating and sedating symptoms simultaneously... I feel both wide-awake and drowsy. It’s strange.
T+1:35: I just took a shower. Time seems to be altered significantly, in the indeterminate sort of way where I can’t tell if it’s been sped up or slowed down. Open-eye visuals are still color and light-oriented, with no movement and no changing textures. Closed-eye visuals in the shower were at times downright remarkable: I saw leafy sculptures etched into a hard stony surface like concrete or canvas. Vegetation carving itself into place and continuously changing. Forests awash in geometric texture.
Compared to the previous trial, there is a stronger “pushing” feeling about the face, like pressure against my head. It’s a little strange, and I wonder if higher doses might get downright unfriendly.
T+1:50: I get into the car with my girlfriend. We are preparing to go to a nearby art museum and view some ancient and contemporary art together. It is just as I get in that the first texture-warping occurs. Objects change their textures, taking on the appearance of an animal skin or looking like they are wrapped in plastic or made out of bubble wrap. At one point all the metal in the entire car appears to be shiny plastic. These effects are transient… they come and go.
T+2:05: We stopped in a 99 cent store to get a snack and a bottle of water before buying our tickets for the museum, which is a couple of blocks away. In the wide open space of the store, a change in depth perception becomes strikingly apparent. Looking down the aisles at the textures of the thousands of items and dozens of people, it all seemed to stretch on with such amazing depth and surreal detail that I could barely comprehend the image. There are so many little texture distortions on the skins of the candy bars and all the shiny little cans of soda! I had to stop for a minute and just stare. Then I walked through the isles, purchasing what I needed with no difficulty.
T+2:15: We get to the art museum. There are still awe-inducing distortions of depth, and the wide open spaces outside the museum, with columns and long streets trailing out into the city… amazing! We buy our tickets and go inside.
T+2:20: We enter the museum space. There is a geometric sculpture near the entrance built right outside one of the staircases… a brightly colored tentacle-like shape rooted in the ground and twisting up through the air. We stop and look at it. Since it is built right next to the staircase it looks like part of the room, not a separate art exhibit. In my foolish state of mind I make the mistake of trying to touch it. A tiny old asian security guard starts jabbering at me, letting me know with comical hostility that there is NO TOUCHING ALLOWED.  My girlfriend and I both apologize, walk away, then laugh hysterically.
T+2:25: We are in the Pavilion for Japanese Art, walking through a room full of twisting spiral platforms, which lead us through 16th century east-asian culture. An assortment of scrolls, banners, and metal plaques from the homes of the nobility five centuries ago on the other side of the planet. A wonderful journey.
T+2:30: We arrive at what will be my favorite exhibit for the day: The tetsuke gallery. The tetsuke was essentially a belt clasp: It secured the kimono of a Japanese noble. It was practical, but also extremely ornamental, symbolizing the lineage of the person wearing it. Important figures would commission expensive tetsukes from the best available craftsmen, carving detailed family emblems, which often portrayed either a spirit or a God. There were over a hundred different tetsukes, representing a bewildering array of deities such as Ryuku: The confronting dragons. Mitsukiyo: The dragon guarding the jewel of the Buddha. And the personal favorite of my girlfriend and I, Baku: The Monster who eats nightmares. Baku had great emotion and caricature to his face… a nuanced expression that could be either benevolent or mischievous. I would not soon forget his whimsical face.
T+2:40: We’re getting to the end of the Japanese and Chinese art exhibits now. I’m noticing strong perspiration, especially as I walk around. Not too surprising; psilocetin increases perspiration about the same.
T+3:05: Still walking around. Sweating, but not the least bit exhausted. I stop in the bathroom for a minute, and after using the stall I stop at the mirror and take a look at my face. The pupil dilation is fairly extreme. It would be immediately noticeable to anyone who looked at me closely. The visuals currently are only modest. There are some nauseous feelings, and a dizzy head-load that fluctuates in intensity.
T+3:30: The colors of Jay Defeo’s “The Jewel” splashed across one tall wall of the museum are really vibrant… they draw the eye away from all other art in the room, demanding attention. Once I get close and have a good look, I can’t tear my eyes away for several minutes. A very compelling piece of art, and all the more enjoyable due to an intensification of color, texture and depth perception that has not yet left.
T+4:05: It is six o’clock now and we are wrapping up our time at the art museum. After the contemporary artists came the European art pieces. There are middle ages and renaissance exhibits from Italy, France, England, and several other areas. There are definitely some good pieces, but I find European renaissance art can get a bit repetitive. Sometimes even at a gallery I haven’t been to before, I feel like I’m not seeing anything new. It’s a decent series of exhibits, though, and it was worth spending some time in. The African section of the museum was a sad joke: One small room, mainly sculptures, a few paintings and pieces of pottery. The small size of it seemed insulting compared to the many-room extravaganzas that the continents of Asia and Europe received.
T+5:00: We arrive back home. There are definitely still some effects from the Miprocetin, and it feels like they will leave only slowly.
T+5:35: Effects still receding little by little… I notice that where 4-AcO-DMT leaves me feeling fulfilled and enriched after the experience, Miprocetin’s come-down is a bit exhausting. It overstays its welcome just a little.
T+6:05: Pupils have returned halfway to normal size and the effects are mostly over.
T+6:35: The effects are completely over.
________________________________________
Miprocetin has been an interesting substance, but it is not without its flaws. There are places where it succeeds and other places where it falls flat. I enjoyed the sensory effects. They aren’t particularly strong, but they are enjoyable and unique- a new and worthwhile kind of experience. The pastel color shifting was the most evident open-eye visual effect, and it was unlike the color alterations from any other substance I have tried. The eyes-closed stream of leafy, organic patterns was less unique, but beautiful enough that I really can’t complain.
The mental effects were more of a mixed bag. Miprocetin wasn’t particularly emotional… there were no outbursts of laughter, no mood swings, and no looping thoughts. This separates it from the deeply emotional and spiritual nature of psilocybin mushrooms or 4-AcO-DMT. However, Miprocetin alters focus and concentration. These changes can be both positive and negative at different times. Often concentration is initially increased, along with coordination and reaction speed. But later, after the drug has deepened and persisted for a few hours, all those things seem to slow down.
Ultimately, Miprocetin leaves me feeling a bit exhausted mentally. The dizziness became irritating at times, and inhibited my ability to harness a reaction speed that was basically enhanced. Miprocetin has a strong body buzz to it, not unlike that from 4-AcO-DMT. It is a fairly enjoyable feeling, and this makes Miprocetin viable as a recreational substance, or possibly an erotic enhancer.
I think Miprocetin succeeds most as a casual, social substance, taken rarely and at moderate amounts. I doubt increasing the dosage much beyond twenty milligrams would have particularly good results. The visuals are already there, the mental effects would probably never reach a full and meaningful psychedelic conclusion, and the side-effects might increase. But at these doses, it was a fairly effective tryptamine. This substance is observational, not self-analytical. It is for exploring the world, not getting lost in internal realties.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


BOG
Connecting to
an Intelligent Future
Smart Building
let it guide you through your day
and you will not be disappointed.
about
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use case 1
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and you will not be disappointed.
use case 2
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temoignage
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partenariat
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Fresh Fruits |
|
|
It has a long been know that a diet
that includes at least a few servings of fresh fruit every day will help keep you healthy, fit and trim |
| Title goes here | A | B | ||
| C | D | E | F | G |
| H | I | J | ||
| K | L | M | ||
| N | O |


Bills of exchange factory smart contract address:
{{contract._address}}
Ethereum accounts verification smart contract address: {{verificationContract._address}} (sandbox version of Cryptonomica verification smart contract on Ropsten)
This dApp (decentralized application) makes possible to create and to transfer electronic bills of exchange using modern distributed ledger technologies (blockchain).
Electronic bills of exchange can be created as smart contracts implementing all all the requirements of an 'bill of exchange' ('order in writing') as defined in U.K. Bills of Exchange Act 1882 or of a 'draft' as defined in U.S. Uniform Commercial Code (§ 3-104. Negotiable instrument).
Bills of exchange smart contracts are created by the 'Bills of Exchange Factory' smart contract on 'Create bills of exchange' tab. Every new created smart contract with bills of exchange get its number, Ethereum address and code automatically verified on etherscan.io
Bills of exchange are created as tokens ( ERC20) in smart contract, where every tokens is a bill of exchange in blank - payable to bearer (bearer is the owner of the Ethereum address witch holds the tokens, or the person he/she represents), but not to order - that means no endorsement is possible and the token holder can only transfer the token (bill of exchange in blank) itself.
Using electronic bills of exhange we can easily draw million bills of one dollar instead of a one bill of million dollars. It makes the use of bills more convenient.
Also interesting is the use of electronic bills of exchange in letters of credit (L/C) operations. UCP600 defines that one of the form of L/C is where the issuing bank has "to accept a bill of exchange (“ draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance" (see: International Chamber of Commerce. UCP 600: Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits)
The fact that bills of exchange are technically realized in the form of tokens makes it possible to use them in other smart contracts. For example, for using escrow for receiving payments on bills of exchange, or for automatic payments on bills through smart contracts, the latter is especially interesting when using stablecoins convertible to fiat such as xEUR.
To create or accept bills of exchange via our 'Bills of Exchange Factory' a person has to use Ethereum address verified on Cryptonomica (for TestNet we use a mock-up smart contract that returns a mock-up personal data for every Ethereum address), and has to sign an arbitration agreement that makes possible to make legal claims on payments on bills and to resolve disputes in our online arbitration tribunal. See more on our approach to private law in Cryptonomica: ex aequo et bono and new lex mercatoria .
See also a page on the Cryptonomica wiki about our electronic bills of exchange , and our pitch deck
2021-05-26 Sandbox version of this webapp deployed.
2019-06-10 'Bills of Exchange Factory' dApp deployed on the Ethereum MainNet.
2019-05-19 Test version of this dApp deployed on Ropsten TestNet.
2019-02-22 The idea was first presented on the Israel Legal Hackathon 2019 (a part of the Global Legal Hackathon 2019). See our hackathon pitch deck and github repo.
You are working with bills of exchange smart contract #
{{billsOfExchangeContractNumber}}
with Ethereum address:
{{billsOfExchangeContract._address}}
direct link to this page:
{{thisUrl}}{{billsOfExchangeContractNumber}}
A bill of exchange (also known as a 'draft') is a written order by the drawer to the drawee to pay money to the payee.
A common type of bill of exchange is the cheque (check in American English), defined as a bill of exchange drawn on a banker and payable on demand.
If the drawer and drawee is the same person, bill of exhange can be can be considered the same as promissory note.
Bill of exhange is an ancient financial instrument which is already legal and regulated in most countries. The concept of a bill of exchange is about the same in all countries, what causes their frequent use in international trade and finance.
Bill of exchange has long been considered as de-facto form of legal private money, and blockchain based bill of exchange can be a perfect instrument for creation of stablecoins.
See more on the Cryptonomica wiki: electronic bills of exchange (under development)
This webapp works with MetaMask browser plugin on desktop (Chrome, Firefox, Opera, Brave) and mobile (Firefox)
Support email: support@cryptonomica.net


mod_diagnostics is a debugging and diagnostic tool for application developers - particularly filter modules. It can be inserted anywhere in the Apache filter chain, and logs traffic (buckets and brigades) passing through. It is a purely passive watcher, and will never touch the traffic passing through.
Probably the best way to explain mod_diagnistics is by example.
In an update to mod_xml, a new bug was introduced. It was not immediately obvious, but in some browsers the request would hang and then timeout. The effect was only observed when using the XSLT output filter with Xalan-C, and only happened with HTTP/1.1 browser, not with HTTP/1.0. Furthermore, hitting "cancel" before the timeout in an HTTP/1.1 browser would cause the page to display!
Inserting mod_diagnostics before and after the offending filter, the bug was immediately obvious. The module was simply failing to pass an EOS bucket down the chain. A trivial fix!
A user of mod_proxy_html reported serious performance problems when parsing an 8Mb HTML file. He had profiled the problem, and found the entire processing time was in the final call to htmlParseChunk in libxml2.
I investigated this by inserting mod_diagnostics before and after mod_proxy_html, and running it with the largest HTML document I had available (the MySQL manual, about 2.6Mb). I was able to confirm that nothing was passed down the chain until the final call, so not only was it slow, but it had also broken Apache pipelining.
To refine the diagnosis, I added a flush in each call to the filter in mod_proxy_html. Now mod_diagnostics showed a small amount of data (under 1Kb) coming through in the first call to the filter, but nothing else until the end. Further investigation showed that the data stopped coming when the first HTML comment was encountered in the source.
At this point I ran it under gdb, looking for the comment handling. I found that it was failing to find the end of the comment. The problem was resolved only in the last call to htmlParseChunk, which didn't go through the buggy code. I disabled the buggy code, and found it was now working correctly, with approximately the same amount of input and output data in each call to the mod_proxy_html filter - so pipelining was now fixed. My correspondent reported total processing Time for his 8Mb file reduced from 30 minutes to 9 seconds (on five-year-old hardware).
The bug was reported to the libxml team, who have now fixed it.
mod_diagnostics.c is available under the same terms as the Apache server itself.


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| config {renv} | R Documentation |
Configure different behaviors of renv
.
For a given configuration option:
If an R option of the form renv.config.<name>
is available,
then that option's value will be used;
If an environment variable of the form RENV_CONFIG_<NAME>
is available,
then that option's value will be used;
Otherwise, the default for that particular configuration value is used.
Any periods (.
)s in the option name are transformed into underscores (_
)
in the environment variable name, and vice versa. For example, the
configuration option auto.snapshot
could be configured as:
options(renv.config.auto.snapshot = <...>)
Sys.setenv(RENV_CONFIG_AUTO_SNAPSHOT = <...>)
Note that if both the R option and the environment variable are defined, the R option will be used instead. Environment variables can be more useful when you want a particular configuration to be automatically inherited by child processes; if that behavior is not desired, then the R option may be preferred.
If you want to set and persist these options across multiple projects, it is
recommended that you set them in your user startup files (e.g. in
~/.Rprofile
or ~/.Renviron
).
The following renv
configuration options are available:
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
auto.snapshot | logical[1] | FALSE |
Automatically snapshot changes to the project library after a new package
is installed with renv::install() , or removed with renv::remove() ?
|
copy.method | character[1] | "auto" | The method to use when attempting to copy directories. See Copy Methods for more information. |
connect.timeout | integer[1] | 20L |
The amount of time to spend (in seconds) when attempting to download a
file. Only used when the curl downloader is used.
|
connect.retry | integer[1] | 3L |
The number of times to attempt re-downloading a file, when transient
errors occur. Only used when the curl downloader is used.
|
dependency.errors | "reported" |
Many renv APIs require the enumeration of your project's R package
dependencies. This option controls how errors that occur during this
enumeration are handled. By default, errors are reported but are non-fatal.
Set this to "fatal" to force errors to be fatal, and "ignored" to
ignore errors altogether. See dependencies for more details.
|
|
external.libraries | character[*] | character() |
A character vector of external libraries, to be used in tandem with your
projects. Be careful when using external libraries: it's possible that
things can break within a project if the version(s) of packages used in
your project library happen to be incompatible with packages in your
external libraries; for example, if your project required xyz 1.0 but
xyz 1.1 was present and loaded from an external library. Can also be an
R function that provides the paths to external libraries. Library paths
will be expanded through .expand_R_libs_env_var as necessary.
|
hydrate.libpaths | character[*] | character() |
A character vector of library paths, to be used by renv::hydrate() when
attempting to hydrate projects. When empty, the default set of library
paths (as specified in ?hydrate ) are used instead. See hydrate for
more details.
|
install.staged | logical[1] | TRUE |
Perform a staged install of packages during install and restore?
When enabled, renv will first install packages into a temporary
library, and later copy or move those packages back into the project
library only if all packages were successfully downloaded and installed.
This can be useful if you'd like to avoid mutating your project library
if installation of one or more packages fails.
|
repos.override | character[*] | NULL |
Override the R package repositories used during restore . Primarily
useful for deployment / continuous integration, where you might want
to enforce the usage of some set of repositories over what is defined
in renv.lock or otherwise set by the R session.
|
rspm.enabled | logical[1] | TRUE |
Boolean; enable RSPM integration for renv projects? When TRUE , renv
will attempt to transform the repository URLs used by RSPM into binary
URLs as appropriate for the current platform. Set this to FALSE if
you'd like to continue using source-only RSPM URLs, or if you find that
renv is improperly transforming your repository URLs.
|
sandbox.enabled | logical[1] | TRUE |
Enable sandboxing for renv projects? When active, renv will attempt to
sandbox the system library, preventing non-system packages installed in the
system library from becoming available in renv projects. (That is, only
packages with priority "base" or "recommended" , as reported by
installed.packages() , are made available.)
|
shims.enabled | logical[1] | TRUE |
Should renv shims be installed on package load? When enabled, renv
will install its own shims over the functions install.packages() ,
update.packages() and remove.packages() , delegating these functions
to renv::install() , renv::update() and renv::remove() as
appropriate.
|
snapshot.validate | logical[1] | TRUE |
Validate R package dependencies when calling snapshot? When TRUE ,
renv will attempt to diagnose potential issues in the project library
before creating renv.lock -- for example, if a package installed in the
project library depends on a package which is not currently installed.
|
updates.check | logical[1] | FALSE | Check for package updates when the session is initialized? This can be useful if you'd like to ensure that your project lockfile remains up-to-date with packages as they are released on CRAN. |
updates.parallel | integer[1] | 2L | Check for package updates in parallel? This can be useful when a large number of packages installed from non-CRAN remotes are installed, as these packages can then be checked for updates in parallel. |
user.library | logical[1] | FALSE |
Include the user library on the library paths for your projects? Note that
this risks breaking project encapsulation and is not recommended for
projects which you intend to share or collaborate on with other users. See
also the caveats for the external.libraries option.
|
user.profile | logical[1] | FALSE |
Load the user R profile (typically located at ~/.Rprofile ) when renv
is loaded? Consider disabling this if you require extra encapsulation in
your projects; e.g. if your .Rprofile attempts to load packages that
you might not install in your projects.
|
If you find that renv
is unable to copy some directories in your
environment, you may want to try setting the copy.method
option. By
default, renv
will try to choose a system tool that is likely to succeed in
copying files on your system – robocopy
on Windows, and cp
on Unix.
renv
will also instruct these tools to preserve timestamps and attributes
when copying files. However, you can select a different method as
appropriate.
The following methods are supported:
R | Use R's built-in file.copy() function. |
cp | Use cp to copy files. |
robocopy | Use robocopy to copy files. (Only available on Windows.) |
rsync | Use rsync to copy files. |
You can also provide a custom copy method if required; e.g.
options(renv.config.copy.method = function(src, dst) { # copy a file from 'src' to 'dst' })
Note that renv
will always first attempt to copy a directory first to a
temporary path within the target folder, and then rename that temporary path
to the final target destination. This helps avoid issues where a failed
attempt to copy a directory could leave a half-copied directory behind
in the final location.
For settings that should persist alongside a particular project, the various settings available in settings can be used.
# disable automatic snapshots options(renv.config.auto.snapshot = FALSE) # disable with environment variable Sys.setenv(RENV_CONFIG_AUTO_SNAPSHOT = "FALSE")


Upload the Akismet plugin to your blog, Activate it, then enter your Akismet.com API key.
1, 2, 3: You're done!


A method to get the abstract code representation directly from the binary beam module representation.
.Authors: Ulf Wiger ------------------------------------------------------------------------.
A method to get the abstract code representation directly from the binary beam module representation.
Other methods could be used, but they are not as efficient. A more obvious method is to use "-compile(debug_info).", but this approach does not work in practice (despite the documentation) and would cause the generated code to be inefficient if it did work.
Instead, the module that wants to provide its abstract code can use "-compile({parse_transform, abstract_code})." and a function will be added to the module as '$abstract_code$'/0, which will return a copy of the abstract code without the debug_info overhead.
http://groups.google.com/group/erlang-programming/msg/05d09ff75309e856| parse_transform/2 |
parse_transform(Forms, X2) -> any()
Generated by EDoc, Apr 10 2010, 22:01:37.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block header %}
Real time network information for deployed units. Anytime. Anywhere.
You have no unit assigned.
Add your unit to NMC


{{ # clear the title and subtitle, if found response.title = "" response.subtitle = "" }} {{extend 'layout.html'}} {{ # set error message and suggestions based on the response status # TODO: Customize messages for other codes? see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes msg = "Sorry, something went wrong." suggestion = 'Please try the links or search above. If you still can\'t find what you\'re looking for, contact us and we\'ll help to sort things out.' if response.status == 404: msg = "Sorry, we couldn't find this page." elif response.status == 500: msg = "Sorry, there was a server error." elif response.status == 403: msg = "Sorry, you're not allowed to see that." suggestion = 'Please log into the site and try again. If you still can\'t find what you\'re looking for, contact us and we\'ll help to sort things out.' pass }}


--- layout: page title: "About" description: "Hello, this is Maru." header-img: "img/about-bg.jpg" tags: - Me ---
Don't aim for success if you want it; just do what you love and believe in, and it will come naturally.
我出生在浙江的鱼米之乡-嘉兴，是长春工业大学数字媒体技术的13级学生，是一个码农，又不甘于只是个码农。
玩技术。对Objc和Swift倍感亲切，大二至今，收获良多。无聊玩玩Python，它的简易强大让我有了另外的视野。还有C，Java，JSP，HTML，JavaScript，MySQL，额…我只能说我用过。
爱电子。卡吧基佬，苹果脑残粉，没钱买设备却爱看各种测评，用着gtx660m却总意淫四路泰坦，一个i3的命却操着E7的心，左手青轴Ducky，右手长春烤冷面。
打游戏。初中的时候玩war3，喜欢Moon和Fov，喜欢围杀。大学的时候喜欢SC2，大一加入一个战队，队内赛被虐。喜欢LOL，一个low逼郊区钻石狗。参加过网吧赛，被大虐。
希望工作能成为事业，产品能成为信仰，爱能成为守护。
Nothing in the world is a barbecue can't solve.If you have, then two.
I am born in JiaXin that is a land flowing with milk and honey,at the same time，I am a student at university of ChangChun industrial.A programmer，but not enough.
Play program.Be familiar with Objc and Swift,since sophomore year，I gained a lot form it.At the time of boring，I would use Python.It is simple and powerful enough to make me have diffierent views.As well as，C，Java，JSP，HTML，JavaScript，MySQL，Uh…I just used them ever.
Love electronic.Kaba gay，Apple fan，in favour of all kind of CPG video however less money to buy something.
Play games.When i was a junior school student,i was playing war3,became a fan of Moon and Fov.When i am a colleague student,i take part in a team of SC2.Now,I am a diamond player in LOL.
I just don't want to lost myself.


Shop Experts
Visual Studio 2017 | MVC | ASP.NET | C#
Overview
It is a website that brings all the online pages of Bangladesh under one platform. Through this website customers can easily find their desired page as the pages are categorized here. As the pages are categorized here this website
can be time efficient for the customers.
Users Are Categorized By:
- Admin
- Page Owner
- Customer
Features
- Admin Features
- Admin has accessed to all the features of page owners and users. Can edit,delete & modify anything.
- Page Owners Features
- Page owner has edit access only to his/her own pages.
- Page owner can add their product information,cateogories of product they sell, contacts etc.
- Page owner can see how many viewer have visited their page.
- Registered shops categorized under fashion, accessories, electronics etc.
- Special deals and sale promotions can be added to speacial page.
- Newly added groups or shops will be featured and promoted by their deals.
- Users Features
- Users can see the location availability of home delivary pick up point options.
- Users can add reviews on the services of the online shop owners.
- Customers can also register and login to our page.
- Customers can see a page’s information in the page profile.
- Customers can also see the offers.
- Customers can rate a page.
- User can search any pages by category type


Welcome
to my testing site. Here you will find demos, ideas, and things might be later published to my main site. I wish you immense joy and happiness as you navigate this site.
Table of Contents:
- Navigation Bar v1.0
the first one ever - Navigation Bar v1.1
Due to many of my beta testers saying that the navigation was not obvious, I moved on to v2.0+ - Navigation Bar v2.0
this one looks best in Chrome.
Please, PLEASE I BEG THEE look at this only using Chrome. Also for some reason there's this extra margin when you first load the page; that's yet to be fixed - Navigation Bar v2.1
IT FINALLY WORKS! I think this may be my final nav bar - I tried so hard to make it user friendly. Now, time for beta testing. - Navication Bar v2.1.1
A less buggy version of the previous one. I dare you to figure out what the bug was in v2.1. This is the current version. - HSCTC Site Makeover
this needs to be done soon - MY FIRST CSS3 ANIMATION YASSS
currently perusing the book "HTML 5 for Masterminds Edition 2" which is an okay webdev book. Maybe I'll put a review of it somewhere later. - THE FIRST
WEBSITE PUBLISHED TO MAH SERVER


All required appointments are canceled so that students can take part in residential activities. learn more>>
: September 26, 2016
The first all student assembly will be held and classes will begin. learn more>>
: September 9, 2016
New and returning students move in. Check-in is heald from 9AM to 2PM. learn more>>
: Semptember 7, 2016 - September 8, 2016
A new website to provide the Exeter community with all amenities and information of the student council. learn more>>
Last Spring, a new board was announced, naming Jackson Parell as Secretary, Hojoon Kim as VP, and Matthew Robbins as President. learn more>>
Rebecca Ju, Jun Park, and Joel Lotzkar are bid a fond farewell as the new board takes its place. learn more>>
The Executive board issued a proposal to the student council for the creation of a School Spirit and Tech committee. learn more>>
The 2016 - 2017 Exec Board's statement adressing the issue of sexual assault in the recent cases at Exeter. learn more>>
The 2015-16 board has proposed a new Vs policy to adress sexual assault and reform the gender binary system of the current process. learn more>>
The Mission of this council is to stand as a representative form of student government and a channel of communication between students and any other school constituency. Our purpose is to give a voice to the student body and to provide a platform through which students and faculty can share their ideas. This year, the Executive board plans to adress the many problems surrounding sexual assault on the Exter campus and, also, to improve the efficiency of the council through constitutional changes.


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