I am a programmer from the great state of Minnesota. Born and raised local, I first cut my teeth on coding back when I was in highschool working with languages like Java and Alice, similar to Scratch. When I later moved on to college I moved around between majors before deciding on Computer Science. We learned a great many things in the program, from recursive programming in Scheme, to client server applications, and even analysis of program run times and sort methods in our Algorithms and Data Structures Class. That great time in my life changed dramatically when I was forced to take medical leave at the end of my Senior year. Now though, I'm fit as a fiddle and ready to hit the ground running in what ever project comes my way. I should mention the great equalizer of coding is that no matter how many times you need to take a crack at it eventually it'll let you on. And getting back in that saddle has never felt so easy with the experts in my life I've surrounded myself with. I'd also like to take this time to express some of my other interests in my life. They include things like board games with friends. Making trips out to Wisconsin to see them. Spending time with my family, both my brother's and my folks, and not an entirely too small passion for skiing. One of my favorite past times for half the year, and one I've enjoyed mastering since I was about 8. There are plenty more things to click on and explore on these pages, but I'll let you explore them on your own time. Know that I'll be glad to talk you through them while you journey through my Profile!


Welcome devs, have you tried your hands at extensions methods? Dart recently announced support for extension methods (from Dart 2.7) and extension properties.
Extension methods are a way to add functionality to existing libraries. When you are using someone else’s library it’s often impractical/impossible to change the API. But you can extend it using extension methods.
What are extension methods?
Consider the following code that parses a string into an integer:
int.parse('42')
Won’t it look cleaner/better if this functionality was available on String
class like below?
'42'.parseInt()
Since the language (where class String
comes from) doesn’t provide such a method we can’t parse a string to an int like that. Extension methods allow us to specify such custom functionalities not provided by the library (Dart language in this case). Let’s see how to do that in next section.
Writing a basic extension method
So we want to have a method parseInt
on String
class which would parse the given string to integer.
'42'.parseInt()
For that we will define an extension method on String
like this
// File: extension_methods.dart
extension StringExtras on String {
int parseInt() {
return int.parse(this);
}
// We can also define getters as extensions
int get doubleLength => length * 2;
}
Here we have named this set of extension methods as StringExtras
, you can name them anything you like.
Note: As you might have noticed above, we can define multiple extension methods/getters under a single extension block.
Using the extension method
Extension methods (once imported) can be used just like any member method on that class’s object. Our example would go like this
import 'extension_methods.dart';
void main() {
print('42'.parseInt() + 8); // Would print 50
}
Similarly we can use the getters too
import 'extension_methods.dart';
void main() {
print('42'.doubleLength); // Would print 4
}
Important Notes
- Extension methods don’t work with the type
dynamic
. However they do work with Dart’s type inference. - Since extension methods are resolved statically, they’re as fast as calling a static function.
- Extension methods can’t access private members of the class.
- If an extension member has a name conflict then you should refer here for your options.
- You can define extension methods on classes which take generic type parameters (for example
List<T>
). Refer this section for further details.
Reference
Official release documentation - https://dart.dev/guides/language/extension-methods
Want to discuss this or any other interesting thing, hit me up on Twitter @varun_barad.


I'M AYAN GUPTA
Ever since I was a little kid development has been my passion. Founded a discord community coders Evoke for beginners I'm a programmer and an insightful learner who is passionate about growing teams and dreams. My specialties include quickly learning new skills and programming languages
about me


Please answer some questions before
1. What’s your Nickname?
2. Which key of your keyboard do you want to use?
Daltonic?
3. Choose the layout
4. Choose your skill level


EPXIX will bring us deep into Eastern Europe to a region called the Mazurian Lakes in Poland. The date for the meeting is now
fixed for July 3-6 but due to the distance of the venue we would offer you to arrive a
day earlier and/or stay a day longer with the same conditions as for the meeting.
Please note that this is a pre-registration page to get a better estimate as to what the attendance will
look like. It will help with the planning and the hotel booking. The formal registration will occur in January 2014.
For the curious, the site of the hotel is here (will open in a new window).
The following persons have already expressed interest:
| name | persons | bikes | cars | room preference | extra night before/after | remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|


See how some the largest internet-scale companies are using Presto today. It doesn't matter if you're operating at Meta-like scale or at just a few nodes - Presto is for everyone!
Presto can query relational & NoSQL databases, data warehouses, data lakes and more and has dozens of connectors available today. It also allows querying data where it lives and a single Presto query can combine data from multiple sources, allowing for analytics across your entire organization.
Presto is an in-memory distributed SQL engine, faster than other compute engines in the disaggregated stack
Presto can be used for interactive and batch workloads, small and large amounts of data, and scales from a few to thousands of users. With Presto, you get 1 familar ANSI SQL language and 1 engine for your data analytics so you don't need to graduate to another lakehouse engine.
Presto is a neutrally governed open source project under The Linux Foundation with dozens of member companies (and growing!). Run Presto wherever you want, on-prem or in any cloud.
There's a lot of ways to get involved with the Presto community. Join our Slack channel to connect with other Presto engineers and users, contribute to the project, and join our Virtual Meetup to stay up to date on community events.


Set up EC2 instance for grading JupyterHub¶
Follow the instructions below to setup an AWS EC2 instance which will be used to host and serve the grading JupyterHub (where the teaching team will perform grading and where the autograding will be done).
Log into the AWS Management console and search for EC2 in the AWS services search bar:
Scroll down and click on the orange “Launch Instance” button:
Search for the Centos 7.8 Community Amazon machine image (AMI) that has the id
ami-0252eebc56636a56b
:
and select it:
Select an instance type (we use a t2.large) and click “Next: Configure Instance Details”:
Leave these settings as is, and click on “Next: Add Storage”:
Click the “Add New Volume” button to add an additional EBS volume for Docker. Edit the sizes to both be 30. Click the “Next: Add Tags” button:
Add a key and value pair to easily identify the machine later on your EC2 console (we used the key “Course” and value “workflows” here, but you can choose whatever is meaningful to you). Click the “Next: Configure Security Group” button:
Click the “Add Rule” button three times to add three additional security groups. Choose the one each of the following types: HTTP, HTTPS and All ICMP - IPv4. For the All ICMP - IPv4 security group, edit the value for the Source to be Custom and <IP_ADDRESS>/0. Click the blue “Review and Launch” button:
Review your settings, and if satisfied, click the blue “Launch” button:
Choose “Create a new key pair” and create a “Key pair name” (here we used jupyterhub). Click “Download Key Pair” and then the blue “Launch Instance” button:
Save the key pair somewhere intentional on your laptop (e.g.,
~/.ssh/
) and then type the following to update the permissions of the key:chmod 400 ~/.ssh/jupyterhub.pem
If successful, you should see this screen:
Go back to the EC2 Dashboard (reminder: you can get there via searching for EC2 in the AWS services search bar) and click on the “Running instances” link:
Select the instance you just launched and under the “Description” tab note (and record somewhere for future reference) the Public DNS (IPv4) value (which will be used to ssh into the instance) and the IPv4 Public IP address (which will be used by ansible and for mapping your custom domain name to the server):
Add the Ansible machine’s (e.g., your laptop’s) public key to
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
on the EC2 instances. To do this you need to ssh into the EC2 instance using the private key you downloaded from Amazon earlier (jupyterhub.pem
in this example):ssh -i ~/.ssh/jupyterhub.pem<EMAIL_ADDRESS>And then use The UNIX vi editor to add your public key the
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file. To do this type the following to open vi:sudo vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Then press
i
to enter insert mode and paste your key using your OS’s paste keyboard shortcut. Then pressESC
+w
+q
to write the file and exit. Now you are are ready to move onto using Ansible to build the student JupyerHub.


#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Initialize exception handlers and run `%rehashx`.
Work in Progress
-----------------
Reorganizing this code to focus on setting up tracers, debuggers and
formatters for exceptions.
The code that's more important than anything should execute regardless
of whether someone has ``pip install``-ed it.
As a result, local imports or any imports not in the standard library
should be discouraged here.
.. tip::
A possible alternative to get_ipython().showsyntaxerror might
possibly be :func:`dis.distb`.
Temporary Directories
----------------------
.. testsetup::
from default_profile.startup.all_fault_handlers import in_tempdir, in_dir
Useful when you want to use `in_tempdir` for the final test, but
you are still debugging. For example, you may want to do this in the end.:
>>> with in_tempdir() as tmpdir:
... # do something complicated which might break
... pass
But indeed the complicated thing does break, and meanwhile the
``in_tempdir`` context manager wiped out the directory with the
temporary files that you wanted for debugging. So, while debugging, you
replace with something like.:
>>> with in_dir() as tmpdir: # Use working directory by default
... # do something complicated which might break
... pass
You can then look at the temporary file outputs to debug what is happening,
fix, and finally replace `in_dir` with `in_tempdir` again.
"""
import inspect
import logging
import os
import platform
import sys
import threading
import traceback
from cgitb import Hook
from contextlib import contextmanager
from os import scandir, listdir
from pathlib import Path
from shutil import rmtree
from tempfile import mkdtemp
from traceback import format_exc, format_tb
from runpy import run_path
from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, List, Mapping, Optional, Union, AnyStr, Dict
from types import TracebackType
from IPython.core.getipython import get_ipython
from IPython.terminal.prompts import RichPromptDisplayHook
import pygments
from pygments.lexers.python import PythonLexer
from pygments.formatters.terminal256 import TerminalTrueColorFormatter
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING)
logger = logging.getLogger(name=__name__)
[docs]def last_exc() -> AnyStr:
"""Return `traceback.format_exc`."""
return format_exc()
[docs]class Fr:
"""Frames don't define dict so vars doesnt work on it.
Attributes
----------
Frame attributes.:
frame.f_back frame.f_lasti frame.f_trace_lines
frame.f_builtins frame.f_lineno frame.f_trace_opcodes
frame.f_code frame.f_locals
frame.f_globals frame.f_trace
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, frame):
self.frame = frame
self.cur_frame = inspect.current_frame()
[docs] @staticmethod
def all_methods():
return dir(Fr)
[docs] def get_lineno(self):
return self.frame.f_lineno
[docs] def get_filename(self):
pass
[docs]def rehashx_run():
"""Add all executables on the user's :envvar:`PATH` into the IPython ns."""
get_ipython().run_line_magic("rehashx", "")
[docs]def find_exec_dir() -> Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike]:
"""Returns IPython's profile_dir.startup_dir. If that can't be determined, return CWD."""
_ip = get_ipython()
if _ip is not None:
exec_dir = _ip.profile_dir.startup_dir
else:
exec_dir = "."
return exec_dir
[docs]def safe_run_path(
fileobj: Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike], logger: Optional[logging.Logger] = None,
) -> Union[str, os.PathLike]:
"""Run a file with runpy.run_path and try to catch everything."""
if logger is None:
logger = logging.getLogger(name=__name__)
logger.debug("File to execute is: %s", fileobj)
try:
return run_path(fileobj, init_globals=globals(), run_name="rerun_startup")
except ImportError:
logger.warning("ImportError for mod: ", sys.last_value)
except ConnectionResetError: # happens in windows async loop all the time
pass
except OSError as e:
if hasattr(e, "winerror"): # same reason
pass
else:
logger.exception(e)
except Exception as e: # noqa
logger.exception(e)
raise
[docs]def rerun_startup() -> Dict:
"""Rerun the files in the startup directory.
Returns
-------
ret : dict
Namespace of all successful files.
"""
ret = {}
exec_dir = find_exec_dir()
for i in scandir(exec_dir):
if i.name.endswith(".py"):
try:
ret.update(safe_run_path(i.name, logger=logger))
except Exception as e:
logger.exception(e)
return ret
[docs]def execfile(
filename: Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike],
global_namespace: Optional[Mapping] = None,
local_namespace: Optional[Mapping] = None,
):
"""Bring execfile back from python2.
This function is similar to the `exec` statement, but parses a file
instead of a string. It is different from the :keyword:`import` statement in
that it does not use the module administration --- it reads the file
unconditionally and does not create a new module.
The arguments are a file name and two optional dictionaries. The file is parsed
and evaluated as a sequence of Python statements (similarly to a module) using
the *globals* and *locals* dictionaries as global and local namespace. If
provided, *locals* can be any mapping object. Remember that at module level,
globals and locals are the same dictionary. If two separate objects are
passed as *globals* and *locals*, the code will be executed as if it were
embedded in a class definition.
If the *locals* dictionary is omitted it defaults to the *globals* dictionary.
If both dictionaries are omitted, the expression is executed in the environment
where :func:`execfile` is called. The return value is ``None``.
.. note::
The default *locals* act as described for function :func:`locals` below:
modifications to the default *locals* dictionary should not be attempted. Pass
an explicit *locals* dictionary if you need to see effects of the code on
*locals* after function :func:`execfile` returns. :func:`execfile` cannot be
used reliably to modify a function's locals.
"""
if global_namespace is not dict: # catch both None and any wrong formats
global_namespace = globals()
if local_namespace is not dict: # catch both None and any wrong formats
local_namespace = locals()
with open(filename, "rb") as f:
return exec(
compile(f.read(), filename, "exec"), global_namespace, local_namespace
)
[docs]def ipy_execfile(f: Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike]):
"""Run the IPython `%run` -i on a file."""
get_ipython().run_line_magic("run", "-i", f)
[docs]def ipy_execdir(directory: Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike]):
"""Execute the python files in `directory`.
The idea was to create a function that actually does what
the function in this module `execfile` was trying to do.
Because that `execfile` executes everything in separate namespaces,
it doesn't get added into the user's `locals`, which is fairly
pointless for interactive use.
Parameters
----------
directory : str (os.Pathlike)
Dir to execute.
"""
for i in scandir(directory):
if i.name.endswith("py") or i.name.endswith("ipy"):
get_ipython().run_line_magic("run", "-i", i.name)
[docs]def pyg_highlight(param: Any, **kwargs):
"""Run a string through the pygments highlighter."""
return pygments.highlight(param, lexer, formatter)
[docs]@contextmanager
def tempdir():
"""Create and return a temporary directory. This has the same
behavior as mkdtemp but can be used as a context manager.
Upon exiting the context, the directory and everything contained
in it are removed.
Examples
--------
>>> import os
>>> with tempdir() as tmpdir:
... fname = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'example_file.txt')
... with open(fname, 'wt') as fobj:
... _ = fobj.write('a string\\n')
>>> os.path.exists(tmpdir)
False
Bugs
----
Doesn't work as a decorator.
"""
d = mkdtemp()
yield d
rmtree(d)
[docs]@contextmanager
def in_tempdir():
"""Create, return, and change directory to a temporary directory
Examples
--------
>>> import os
>>> my_cwd = os.getcwd()
>>> with in_tempdir() as tmpdir:
... _ = open('test.txt', 'wt').write('some text')
... assert os.path.isfile('test.txt')
... assert os.path.isfile(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'test.txt'))
>>> os.path.exists(tmpdir)
False
>>> os.getcwd() == my_cwd
True
"""
pwd = os.getcwd()
d = mkdtemp()
os.chdir(d)
yield d
os.chdir(pwd)
rmtree(d)
[docs]@contextmanager
def in_dir(dir: Union[AnyStr, os.PathLike]):
"""Change directory to given directory for duration of `with` block."""
cwd = os.getcwd()
if dir is None:
yield cwd
return
os.chdir(dir)
yield dir
os.chdir(cwd)
[docs]class ExceptionHook(Hook):
[docs] def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(file=sys.stdout, format="text", **kwargs)
def __name__(self):
# according to trio this wasnt defined.
return self.__class__.__name__
if __name__ == "__main__":
handled = ExceptionHook()
lexer = PythonLexer()
formatter = TerminalTrueColorFormatter()
# sys.excepthook = pygments.highlight(handled, lexer, formatter)
_ip = get_ipython()
if _ip is not None:
_ip.excepthook = handled


{% extends "_skel/skeleton.html" %} {% block "title" %}Helpers{% end %} {% block "content" %}
Helpers are global functions that are registered by default when you create the CarrotEngine
. You can
access them in all of your templates, and they provide some useful functionality: from HTML-escaping to formatting
numbers.
html.safe
to mark is as
safe for un-escaped output.
For example, given the following template:
{\{ "Some HTML here" }}
{\{ html.safe("Some HTML here") }}
You would get:
Some HTML here
Some HTML here
Note that calling this over and over will not cause the string to become double-escaped. And calling this when auto-escape is on will have no effect.


| 1 |
| Quiz08 |
| CS16 S18 |
| Name: | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (as it would appear on official course roster) | ||||
| Umail address: | @umail.ucsb.edu | section |
||
| Optional: name you wish to be called if different from name above. | ||||
| Optional: name of "homework buddy" (leaving this blank signifies "I worked alone" |
Quiz08: Chapter 9 and 13: Dynamic memory allocation and dynamic arrays), Linked-lists
| ready? | assigned | due | points |
|---|---|---|---|
| false | Fri 05/18 10:00AM | Fri 05/25 11:59PM |
You may collaborate on this homework with AT MOST one person, an optional "homework buddy".
MAY ONLY BE TURNED IN IN THE LECTURE/LAB LISTED ABOVE AS THE DUE DATE,
OR IF APPLICABLE, SUBMITTED ON GRADESCOPE. There is NO MAKEUP for missed assignments;
in place of that, we drop the three lowest scores (if you have zeros, those are the three lowest scores.)
Read Chapter 9, sections 9.1-9.2 (pages 508 - 533), Chapter 13, section 13.1 (pages 740- 759). The key learning goals are dynamic memory allocation and its use in dynamic arrays and linked-lists. If you do not have a copy of the textbook yet, there is one on reserve at the library under “COMP000-STAFF - Permanent Reserve”.
PLEASE MARK YOUR HOMEWORK CLEARLY, REGARDLESS OF IF YOU WRITE IT OUT IN INK OR PENCIL! FOR BEST RESULTS, SAVE THIS PAGE AS A PDF, THEN PRINT THE PDF.
1.(10 pts) What is the output of the following program? Using a pointer diagram show the evolution of all data objects in memory, clearly marking elements on the run-time stack and on the heap. Mark the size of all data objects. Assume the code is embedded in a correct and complete program.
int *p1, *p2, *p3;
p1 = new int;
p2 = new int;
p3 = p1;
*p1 = 20;
*p2 = 30;
cout<< *p1<< " "<< *p2<<" "<<*p3<< endl;
p1 = p2;
cout<< *p1<< " "<< *p2<<" "<<*p3<< endl;
*p3 = *p2;
cout<< *p1<< " "<< *p2<<" "<<*p3<< endl;
2.(10 pts) What is the output of the following program? Using a pointer diagram show the evolution of all data objects in memory, clearly marking elements on the run-time stack and on the heap. Mark the size of all data objects. Assume the code is embedded in a correct and complete program.
int array_size = 4, *a ;
a = new int[array_size];
int *p = a;
for(int i=0; i< array_size; i++)
*(a+i) = 2*i;
p[0] = 10;
for(int i=0; i< array_size; i++)
cout<<a[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
3.(2 pts) Consider the ‘head’ variable on page 741. What is the value of head for an empty list?
4.(6 pts) Assume you are given a pointer to the head of an existing list (named head). The nodes of the linked-list are of type struct Node (as defined on display 13.7 on page 754). Write a for-loop to iterate through the list and print the data of every other element of the list (starting with the first element).
5.(12 pts) Consider a linked list where each node is of the same type as in the previous question. Complete the definition of the function deleteNode given below, that takes as input a pointer to the head of the list, and an integer value. The function should delete all the nodes in the list whose data members have the given value. If the list is empty or if there is no node with the given value, the function should not do anything.
void deleteNode(struct Node*& head, int value){
}
For all the following questions, use the definitions of the struct Node and struct LinkedList from lab 06.
6.(10 pts) Implement a function that returns the number of even elements in a linked list. Test your code before writing it out. Illegible code will receive 0 credit.
int countEven(LinkedList* list){
}
7.(2 pts) In the implementation of a linked list, why does struct Node contain a pointer member variable of type Node *?
8.(10 pts) You are given the following memory map, where the numbers on the left column are memory locations and the numbers on the right are 4 byte values stored at each location. Suppose that a linked-list is stored in the given memory segment. In the memory map there exists a pointer (named ‘list’) to a LinkedList object. You are given the location of list to be 0x8008. Draw the pointer diagram for the linked list showing all the nodes in the linked-list, the data stored in each node and all pointers, starting with the variable ‘list’. The LinkedList and Node types are the same as those defined in lab06
Memory
Address Value
0x8000 0x8008
0x8004 0x8020
0x8008 0x803C
0x800C 0x000A
0x8010 0x8018
0x8014 0x0002
0x8018 0x8030
0x801C 0x0004
0x8020 0x0005
0x8024 0x8014
0x8028 0x0020
0x802C 0x0000
0x8030 0x0003
0x8034 0x8028
0x8038 0x8008
0x803C 0x8000
0x8040 0x8028
9.(10 pts) Implement a function that takes a linked list as an input and returns a dynamic array containing the data elements of the linked list. Test your code before writing it out. Illegible code will receive 0 credit.
int* linkedListToArray(LinkedList * list);


Introduction
The design system for Alpha.CA.gov is a theme built on top of Bootstrap. Taking a cue from the direction of the still under development version 5 of Bootstrap which drops javascript dependencies like jquery the few components that require javascript used in this system are written to be as lean as possible.
This project is still very much under construction and is expected to change drastically before release Q1 2020
CSS
Copy-paste the stylesheet <link>
into your <head>
before all other stylesheets to load our CSS.
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cagov.github.io/Alpha.CA.gov-theme/css/index.css" crossorigin="anonymous">
Starter templates
View the templates section for examples of page templates
HTML5 doctype
Bootstrap requires the use of the HTML5 doctype. Without it, you'll see some funky incomplete styling, but including it shouldn't cause any considerable hiccups.
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
...
</html>
Responsive meta tag
Bootstrap is developed mobile first, a strategy in which we optimize code for mobile devices first and then scale up components as necessary using CSS media queries. To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming for all devices, add the responsive viewport meta tag to your <head>
.
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
You can see an example of this in action in the starter template.
Box-sizing
For more straightforward sizing in CSS, we switch the global box-sizing
value from content-box
to border-box
. This ensures padding
does not affect the final computed width of an element, but it can cause problems with some third party software like Google Maps and Google Custom Search Engine.
On the rare occasion you need to override it, use something like the following:
.selector-for-some-widget {
box-sizing: content-box;
}
With the above snippet, nested elements—including generated content via ::before
and ::after
—will all inherit the specified box-sizing
for that .selector-for-some-widget
.
Learn more about box model and sizing at CSS Tricks.
Reboot
For improved cross-browser rendering, we use Reboot to correct inconsistencies across browsers and devices while providing slightly more opinionated resets to common HTML elements.
Bootstrap Community
Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.
- Follow @getbootstrap on Twitter.
- Read and subscribe to The Official Bootstrap Blog.
- Join the official Slack room.
- Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the
irc.freenode.net
server, in the##bootstrap
channel. - Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged
bootstrap-4
). - Developers should use the keyword
bootstrap
on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through npm or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.
You can also follow @getbootstrap on Twitter for the latest gossip and awesome music videos.


Class NVCoverageSample
- java.lang.Object
-
- org.lwjgl.opengles.NVCoverageSample
-
public class NVCoverageSample extends java.lang.Object
Native bindings to the NV_coverage_sample extension.Anti-aliasing is a critical component for delivering high-quality OpenGL rendering. Traditionally, OpenGL implementations have implemented two anti-aliasing algorithms: edge anti-aliasing and multisampling.
Edge anti-aliasing computes fractional fragment coverage for all primitives in a rendered frame, and blends edges of abutting and/or overlapping primitives to produce smooth results. The image quality produced by this approach is exceptionally high; however, applications are render their geometry perfectly ordered back-to-front in order to avoid artifacts such as bleed-through. Given the algorithmic complexity and performance cost of performing exact geometric sorts, edge anti-aliasing has been used very sparingly, and almost never in interactive games.
Multisampling, on the other hand, computes and stores subpixel (a.k.a. "sample") coverage for rasterized fragments, and replicates all post-alpha test operations (e.g., depth test, stencil test, alpha blend) for each sample. After the entire scene is rendered, the samples are filtered to compute the final anti-aliased image. Because the post-alpha test operations are replicated for each sample, all of the bleed-through and ordering artifacts that could occur with edge anti-aliasing are avoided completely; however, since each sample must be computed and stored separately, anti-aliasing quality is limited by framebuffer storage and rendering performance.
This extension introduces a new anti-aliasing algorithm to OpenGL, which dramatically improves multisampling quality without adversely affecting multisampling's robustness or significantly increasing the storage required, coverage sampling.
Coverage sampling adds an additional high-precision geometric coverage buffer to the framebuffer, which is used to produce high-quality filtered results (with or without the presence of a multisample buffer). This coverage information is computed and stored during rasterization; since applications may render objects where the specified geometry does not correspond to the visual result (examples include alpha-testing for "imposters," or extruded volume rendering for stencil shadow volumes), coverage buffer updates may be masked by the application, analagous to masking the depth buffer.
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Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field and Description static int
GL_COVERAGE_ALL_FRAGMENTS_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.static int
GL_COVERAGE_ATTACHMENT_NV
Accepted by theattachment
parameter of FramebufferRenderbuffer, and GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv.static int
GL_COVERAGE_AUTOMATIC_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.static int
GL_COVERAGE_BUFFER_BIT_NV
Accepted by thebuf
parameter of Clear.static int
GL_COVERAGE_BUFFERS_NV
Accepted by thepname
parameter of GetIntegerv.static int
GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT_NV
Accepted by theinternalformat
parameter of RenderbufferStorageEXT and theformat
parameter of ReadPixels.static int
GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT4_NV
Accepted by theinternalformat
parameter of RenderbufferStorageEXT.static int
GL_COVERAGE_EDGE_FRAGMENTS_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.static int
GL_COVERAGE_SAMPLES_NV
Accepted by thepname
parameter of GetIntegerv.
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Method Summary
All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method and Description static void
glCoverageMaskNV(boolean mask)
static void
glCoverageOperationNV(int operation)
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Field Detail
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GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT_NV
Accepted by theinternalformat
parameter of RenderbufferStorageEXT and theformat
parameter of ReadPixels.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT4_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_COMPONENT4_NV
Accepted by theinternalformat
parameter of RenderbufferStorageEXT.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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GL_COVERAGE_ALL_FRAGMENTS_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_ALL_FRAGMENTS_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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GL_COVERAGE_EDGE_FRAGMENTS_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_EDGE_FRAGMENTS_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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GL_COVERAGE_AUTOMATIC_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_AUTOMATIC_NV
Accepted by theoperation
parameter of CoverageOperationNV.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
GL_COVERAGE_ATTACHMENT_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_ATTACHMENT_NV
Accepted by theattachment
parameter of FramebufferRenderbuffer, and GetFramebufferAttachmentParameteriv.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
GL_COVERAGE_BUFFER_BIT_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_BUFFER_BIT_NV
Accepted by thebuf
parameter of Clear.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
-
GL_COVERAGE_BUFFERS_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_BUFFERS_NV
Accepted by thepname
parameter of GetIntegerv.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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GL_COVERAGE_SAMPLES_NV
public static final int GL_COVERAGE_SAMPLES_NV
Accepted by thepname
parameter of GetIntegerv.- See Also:
- Constant Field Values
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 The Ancient; Giants Under the Sun 18:38 Sit Down and Talk To Me 3:18 Mississippi Queen 2:31 Heartless 5:00 Shake A Leg 4:06 I Want To Know 4:24 Sugar Babe 4:35 Intensity 3:50 It's Too Late 3:51 You've Made Me So Very Happy 4:23 Tumbling Dice 3:47 Rainbow Blues 3:39 Anyway 3:19 Bad Time 2:57 If I Can't Have You 3:00 War Within a Breath 3:37 High Time We Went 4:30 I'm Coming Home 3:01 Loving Cup 4:26 Darts 2:14 Amen 3:30 Are You Happy 4:50 First Brain 3:40 Sexy Ida 2:34 Josie 4:31 Stairway To Heaven 8:02 While The City Sleeps 3:51 Do For the Others 2:50 Fair Game 3:30 I'm Not Leaving 2:32 Roll on Down the Highway 3:57 You Get Me 3:54 Little Guitars (Intro) 0:42 The Caves Of Altamira 3:34 |
You'd like to turn this big list into a list of playlists where each playlist fits onto a CD. First, let's write a program that simply reads in each song and timing and creates two string vectors -- one of song titles and one of timings. This is good string practice -- we're going to assume that the last word on each line is a timing and that it is separated from the title by more than one space. The program is in readlist.cpp:
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace std; main() { vector <string> songs; vector <string> timings; string line; int i; while(getline(cin, line)) { i = line.find(" "); if (i == string::npos) { cerr << "Bad line -- " << line << endl; exit(1); } songs.push_back(line.substr(0, i)); while (line[i] == ' ') i++; timings.push_back(line.substr(i)); } for (i = 0; i < songs.size(); i++) { printf("Song: %-40s -- Timing %5s\n", songs[i].c_str(), timings[i].c_str()); } } |
As always, we should test -- here we do it on the first ten lines of songs.txt:
UNIX> head songs.txt | readlist Song: Africano -- Timing 5:10 Song: Get to Me -- Timing 4:06 Song: In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida -- Timing 3:02 Song: Can't Get Used To Losing You -- Timing 3:05 Song: Calling All Angels -- Timing 4:02 Song: Crosstown Traffic -- Timing 2:20 Song: Overture - Prologue -- Timing 3:04 Song: Funky Miracle -- Timing 2:30 Song: Queen Bee -- Timing 3:13 Song: One Way or Another -- Timing 3:29 UNIX>Now, we need to turn those timings into numbers -- it's convenient if we can turn them into seconds. We can use stringstreams to do this -- the program is in timing_convert.cpp, and it's an interesting use of stringstreams:
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; main() { vector <string> songs; vector <string> timings; string line; int i, sec, min, colon; istringstream ss; while(getline(cin, line)) { i = line.find(" "); if (i == string::npos) { cerr << "Bad line -- " << line << endl; exit(1); } songs.push_back(line.substr(0, i)); while (line[i] == ' ') i++; timings.push_back(line.substr(i)); } for (i = 0; i < songs.size(); i++) { colon = timings[i].find(':'); timings[i][colon] = ' '; ss.clear(); ss.str(timings[i]); ss >> min >> sec; sec += (min * 60); timings[i][colon] = ':'; printf("Song: %-40s -- Timing %5s -- %5d\n", songs[i].c_str(), timings[i].c_str(), sec); } } |
We convert the colon in timings[i] to a space, then convert that string to a stringstream and extract the minutes and seconds. We add the minutes to the seconds, and we then convert the space back to a colon. Finally, we print out the song name, original timing and timing in seconds. Convince yourself that the output is correct:
UNIX> head songs.txt | timing_convert Song: Africano -- Timing 5:10 -- 310 Song: Get to Me -- Timing 4:06 -- 246 Song: In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida -- Timing 3:02 -- 182 Song: Can't Get Used To Losing You -- Timing 3:05 -- 185 Song: Calling All Angels -- Timing 4:02 -- 242 Song: Crosstown Traffic -- Timing 2:20 -- 140 Song: Overture - Prologue -- Timing 3:04 -- 184 Song: Funky Miracle -- Timing 2:30 -- 150 Song: Queen Bee -- Timing 3:13 -- 193 Song: One Way or Another -- Timing 3:29 -- 209 UNIX>
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int timing_seconds(string s) { int colon; istringstream ss; int min, sec; colon = s.find(':'); if (colon == string::npos) return -1; s[colon] = ' '; ss.str(s); if (!(ss >> min >> sec)) return -1; return sec + min*60; } main() { vector <string> songs; vector <string> timings; string line; int i; while(getline(cin, line)) { i = line.find(" "); if (i == string::npos) { cerr << "Bad line -- " << line << endl; exit(1); } songs.push_back(line.substr(0, i)); while (line[i] == ' ') i++; timings.push_back(line.substr(i)); } for (i = 0; i < songs.size(); i++) { printf("Song: %-40s -- Timing %5s -- %5d\n", songs[i].c_str(), timings[i].c_str(), timing_seconds(timings[i])); } } |
We've defined the procedure timing_seconds() which takes one parameter, a string, and returns an integer. It assumes that the string is in the format "mm:ss", converts the colon to a space and extracts the minutes and seconds using a stringstream as before. It also performs some tests to make sure that the parameter is in the proper format -- if there is no color or if the extraction of minutes and seconds fails, it returns -1. That's a good habit to acquire -- writing code so that if something unexpected happens (like s not being in the correct format), it is discovered and handled appropriately.
In the printf() statement, we simply call timing_seconds(timings[i]) -- that returns the number of seconds.
 One glaring difference is that you didn't change the space back to a colon. Why? The answer is a little subtle, but one that you need to pay attention to -- when you call a procedure, copies are made of the parameters. These copies exist for the lifetime of the procedure call, and they go away when the procedure call returns. The same is true of the local variables -- they exist for the lifetime of the procedure call, and they too go away when the procedure call returns. This is why changing the colon to a space does not affect the string in timings[i].
This is a very important thing for you to understand -- by default, parameters to procedures are copied. Most of the time, it's not a problem. Sometimes it is.
Regardless, let's finish our CD partitioning program: The final program, cd_partition.cpp, keeps track of the total time of each CD, and when a song makes that time greater than 80 minutes, it starts a new CD:
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int timing_seconds(string s) { int colon; istringstream ss; int min, sec; colon = s.find(':'); if (colon == string::npos) return -1; s[colon] = ' '; ss.str(s); if (!(ss >> min >> sec)) return -1; return sec + min*60; } main() { vector <string> songs; vector <string> timings; string line; int i, ttime, cd_number; while(getline(cin, line)) { i = line.find(" "); if (i == string::npos) { cerr << "Bad line -- " << line << endl; exit(1); } songs.push_back(line.substr(0, i)); while (line[i] == ' ') i++; timings.push_back(line.substr(i)); } cd_number = 0; ttime = 0; printf("CD %d\n\n", cd_number); for (i = 0; i < songs.size(); i++) { ttime += timing_seconds(timings[i]); if (ttime > 80*60) { cd_number++; printf("\nCD %d\n\n", cd_number); ttime = timing_seconds(timings[i]); } printf("Song: %-50s Timing %5s -- Total: %2d:%02d\n", songs[i].c_str(), timings[i].c_str(), ttime/60, ttime%60); } } |
Take a good look at the printf() statement -- when it prints the total time, it prints the minutes in two digits, right justified, then a colon, then the seconds in two digits with leading zeros. Here's the final output. Make sure you understand the flow of control and how the program works.
  There are times when you can't enforce this, and to handle that, you can define a placeholder for the procedure. This is called a prototype -- it is like the procedure definition, except you only include the first line and you end it with a semi-colon. The example is in cd_partition_prototype.cpp, and I just include the prototype:
int timing_seconds(string s); |
Sometimes you see the prototype preceded by the word extern. This means that the procedure definition may be in another file. That's convenient.
Sometimes you see the prototype preceded by the word static. This means that the procedure definition is most definitely in this file, and other files cannot use it. That's convenient too, sometimes.
Reference parameters appall me, but they are ubiquitous in the STL, so unlike previous years, I will not pretend that they don't exist, but instead address them head-on.
You may declare a procedure parameter to take a reference to a variable. You this by putting an ampersand (&) between the parameter's type and its name. When you do this, a reference is passed to the parameter rather than a copy, which means that if you change the parameter's value, it will change that value in the caller as well.
Let's see an example in refparam.cpp
#include <cstdio> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void add_5_to_i_non_ref(int i) { i += 5; } void add_5_to_i_ref(int &i) { i += 5; } main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; istringstream ss; if (argc != 2) { cerr << "usage: refparam number\n"; exit(1); } ss.str(argv[1]); if (!(ss >> i)) { cerr << "usage: refparam number\n"; exit(1); } cout << "I is " << i << endl; add_5_to_i_non_ref(i); cout << "After calling add_5_to_i_non_ref(i). I is " << i << endl; add_5_to_i_ref(i); cout << "After calling add_5_to_i_ref(i). I is " << i << endl; cout << "I feel ill." << endl; exit(0); } |
As you can see, the procedures add_5_to_i_non_ref(i) and add_5_to_i_non(i) are identical except that add_5_to_i_non(i) declares i as a reference parameter. That explains the output:
UNIX> refparam 3 I is 3 After calling add_5_to_i_non_ref(i). I is 3 After calling add_5_to_i_ref(i). I is 8 I feel ill. UNIX>Since add_5_to_i_non(i) declares i as a reference parameter, the value of i is changed in main().
I believe that reference parameters are used for convenience, when you want to pass an object to a procedure that is not going to modify it, and evidently you are too lazy to pass a pointer. Then reference parameters are nice because you get efficiency and you can live in denial that pointers exist for a reason.
Why do they make me sick? Because when I see a procedure call like:
add_5_to_i_ref(i);I believe that i will not change, and that is enforced by a well-designed language like C. I don't want to have to go hunting down the prototype of add_5_to_i_ref() to see that i's value might get changed from under me. It is an atrocity.
End of 2009 text.
Now, acceptance is often the first part of recovery, so since I first started programming in C++ (2005 or so), I have grown to accept reference parameters for what they are. There are reasons to use reference parameters, and there are reasons not to use them. The reasons to use them pretty much boil down to one thing:
I'll give you two examples to illustrate.
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; double total(vector <double> v) { int i; double t; t = 0; for (i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) t += v[i]; return t; } double avg(vector <double> v) { double size; size = v.size(); return total(v)/size; } double max(vector <double> v) { int i; double mx; mx = v[0]; for (i = 1; i < v.size(); i++) if (v[i] > mx) mx = v[i]; return mx; } double min(vector <double> v) { int i; double mn; mn = v[0]; for (i = 1; i < v.size(); i++) if (v[i] < mn) mn = v[i]; return mn; } main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; int n, seed; istringstream ss; vector <double> v; if (argc != 3) { cerr << "usage: total_etc_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } ss.str(argv[1]); if (!(ss >> n)) { cerr << "usage: total_etc_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } ss.clear(); ss.str(argv[2]); if (!(ss >> seed)) { cerr << "usage: total_etc_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } if (n <= 0) exit(0); srand48(seed); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) v.push_back(drand48()); if (n < 10) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%6.4lf\n", v[i]); printf("\n"); } printf("Total: %12.4lf\n", total(v)); printf("Avg: %12.4lf\n", avg(v)); printf("Max: %12.4lf\n", max(v)); printf("Max: %12.4lf\n", min(v)); exit(0); } |
This is a program that generates a given number of random doubles, then prints out their total, average, max and min, using procedures to calculate each of them. This is a very natural task -- one that lends itself very cleanly to procedures. First, as always, you should make sure it actually works on a small input value like 3:
UNIX> total_etc_1 3 1 0.0416 0.4545 0.8348 Total: 1.3309 Avg: 0.4436 Max: 0.8348 Max: 0.0416 UNIX>You can confirm by hand that all those values are correct. Now, let's create a second program, total_etc_2.cpp, that uses reference parameters in the definition of total(), avg(), max() and min(). When we call both on a very large value like 50,000,000, you can see a significant difference in the running times (This is on my linux box in January, 2011):
UNIX> total_etc_1 50000000 1 Total: 25000209.0714 Avg: 0.5000 Max: 1.0000 Max: 0.0000 2.720u 2.450s 0:05.24 98.6% 0+0k 208+0io 2pf+0w UNIX> time total_etc_2 50000000 1 Total: 25000209.0714 Avg: 0.5000 Max: 1.0000 Max: 0.0000 1.770u 0.950s 0:02.72 100.0% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w UNIX>The second one runs in 2.72 seconds, while the first runs in 5.24 seconds. That's nearly half (51.9%) the running time, and is significant. Why? Because v contains 50 million doubles, which is roughly 400 MB of storage. Making copies takes a significant amount of time and memory.
#include <cstdlib> #include <cstdio> #include <vector> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void reverse(vector <double> &v) { double tmp; int i; for (i = 0; i < v.size()/2; i++) { tmp = v[i]; v[i] = v[v.size()-i-1]; v[v.size()-i-1] = tmp; } } main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; int n, seed; istringstream ss; vector <double> v; if (argc != 3) { cerr << "usage: rev_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } ss.str(argv[1]); if (!(ss >> n)) { cerr << "usage: rev_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } ss.clear(); ss.str(argv[2]); if (!(ss >> seed)) { cerr << "usage: rev_1 number-of-elements seed\n"; exit(1); } if (n <= 0) exit(0); srand48(seed); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) v.push_back(drand48()); if (n < 10) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%6.4lf\n", v[i]); } reverse(v); printf("\n"); if (n < 10) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%6.4lf\n", v[i]); } exit(0); } |
This is very much like the previous program, only the procedure reverses the values in the vector. It uses a reference parameter -- otherwise, the values in v would be unmodified after the call. We can verify that it works with a simple example:
UNIX> rev_1 3 1 0.0416 0.4545 0.8348 0.8348 0.4545 0.0416 UNIX>Suppose we didn't want to use a reference parameter (and we didn't know about pointers yet). Then we'd have to write something like the following for reverse:
vector <double> reverse(vector <double> v) { vector <double> rv; int i; for (i = v.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) rv.push_back(v[i]); return rv; } |
And we'd call it with:
v = reverse(v); |
This is done in the program rev_2.cpp. Again, we can verify that it works with a small value:
UNIX> rev_2 4 1 0.0416 0.4545 0.8348 0.3360 0.3360 0.8348 0.4545 0.0416 UNIX>As before, let's time them on 50 million doubles:
UNIX> time rev_1 50000000 1 1.520u 0.970s 0:03.05 81.6% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w UNIX> time rev_2 50000000 1 2.000u 2.230s 0:08.16 51.8% 0+0k 328+8io 2pf+0w UNIX>Once again, the copies matter. Using the reference parameter (rev_1) takes 37.4 percent of the time as making the copy and returning the reversed vector (rev_2).


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Bala continues to have a great run at the box-office during weekdays
by Vedanshi PathakAyushmann Khurrana, Yami Gautam and Bhumi Pednekar's latest release Bala is creating a stir at the box-office. Directed by Amar Kaushik, the film hit the theatres last Friday and revolves around Bala (Ayushmann Khurrana) who faces trouble in his love life because of premature balding. Bala also gives a message about self-love and its importance in ones life. The film has been receiving praise from all ends and has been doing great at the box-office too.
On its opening day, Bala made Rs 10.15 crore, followed by Rs 15.73 crore on Saturday, Rs 18.07 crore on Sunday, Rs 8.26 crore on Monday and Rs 9.52 crore on Tuesday making the grand total an enormous Rs 61.73 crore in just five days. The film is sure to enter the Rs 100 crore club by this weekend, we congratulate the team on their success.


Wed Dec 11, 2013
Kit Kat has been out for a while now and I wrote about it on launch day, but I’d like to talk more about Android phone hardware.
When the Nexus 5 came out, people were suitably enthusiastic about specs that looked great on paper. After a few weeks of real-world use, a few issues came up. The most egregious of these was a poorly optimized camera that suffered from severe shutter lag. I was thinking about getting this phone for my wife, but held off because it seemed maybe the HTC One was a better bet (despite being almost a year old). However, Google pulled through recently and released a software update to fix the worst of the camera issues. Sure, the camera app could use a UI overhaul, but this will come in time. So I pulled the trigger on the Nexus 5 and feel good about it.
But for me personally, I’m not 100 percent sold on LG. Despite boasting some impressive specs for the price, the Nexus 5 is not considered the best Android phone of 2013. Nor is the HTC One, which held the crown for a while when it was released early in the year. Most experts now agree that the Moto X is the best Android phone you can buy. The funny thing is, the Moto X doesn’t have the fastest processor or the highest screen resolution. But this phone has something important going in its favour - good design. In many ways, the Moto X has taken its design cues from Apple. By dropping out of the spec wars and focusing on an excellent user experience, the Moto X seems like a phone people just enjoy using - a phone with soul.
But the Moto X will suffer the same fate as other skinned phones - a sudden drop-off in software support long before Google’s baby, the Nexus 5. The real question is, why isn’t the Moto X Google’s flagship? They own Motorola, for heaven’s sake. But they keep partnering with LG or Samsung to produce Nexus phones. Bizarre. What I’m waiting for is a true Motorola Nexus phone. That will be something special and if it happens in the next couple of years a lot of Android enthusiasts will be very happy.


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| < Day Day Up > |
8.4 Scripting Opponent BehaviorDirectly affecting an opponent's behavior is one of the most common uses of scripting in game AI. Some of the previous examples showed how scripting attributes can have an indirect effect on behavior. This included such examples as modifying a creature's intelligence attribute, which presumably would alter its behavior in the game. Scripting behavior enables us to directly manipulate the actions of an AI opponent. For this to be useful, however, we need some way for our script to see into the game world and check for conditions that might alter our AI behavior. To accomplish this we can add predefined global variables to our scripting system. The actual game engine, not our scripting language, will assign the values in these variables. They are used simply as a way for the script to evaluate a particular condition in the game world. We will use these global variables in conditional scripting statements. For example, in our scripting system we might have a global boolean variable called PlayerArmed which will direct a cowardly troll to ambush only unarmed opponents. Example 8-6 shows how such a script might look. Example 8-6. Basic behavior scriptIf (PlayerArmed==TRUE) BEGIN DoFlee(); END ELSE BEGIN DoAttack(); END In Example 8-6, the script does not assign the value PlayerArmed. It represents a value within the game engine. The game engine will evaluate the script and link this behavior to the cowardly troll. In this example, the value PlayerArmed is a simple boolean value that represents nothing more than another boolean value within the game engine. There certainly is nothing wrong with this, but scripting is more useful when you use simple global variables which represent a more complex series of evaluations. For example, in this sample script we checked whether the player was armed. Although that might be useful for an opponent to know, it doesn't necessarily represent how challenging the opponent will be in a fight. Many factors could contribute to how challenging a potential opponent will be. We can make our scripting system even more powerful if we evaluate these conditions in the game engine and then make the result available to the script as a single global variable. For example, we could use a Bayesian network to evaluate how tough an opponent the player is and then make the result available in a variable such as PlayerChallenge. The script shown in Example 8-7 is just as simple as the one in Example 8-6, but it can have a much more sophisticated effect on the gameplay. Example 8-7. Behavior scriptIf (PlayerChallenge ==DIFFICULT) BEGIN DoFlee(); END ELSE BEGIN DoAttack(); END In the case of Example 8-7, PlayerChallenge could represent a series of complex evaluations that rank the player. Some of the factors could include whether the player is armed, the type of armor being worn, the current player's health, whether any other players in the area might come to his defense, and so on. Another aspect of behavior that you can script is AI character movement. We can take a concept, such as pattern movement from Chapter 3, and implement it in a scripting system. For example, it might be useful for the game designer to establish patrol patterns for AI characters. Chapter 3 showed some examples of hardcoded pattern movement. Of course, hardcoding behavior has many disadvantages. It's much more difficult to tweak a game's design if a recompile is needed after every minor change. Figure 8-1 shows an example of a movement pattern that a game designer can implement using a scripting system. Figure 8-1. Scripted pattern movementExample 8-8 shows how we can construct a script to achieve the desired behavior. Example 8-8. Pattern movement scriptIf (creature.state==kPatrol) begin move(0,1); move(0,1); move(0,1); move(0,1); move(0,1); move(-1,0); move(-1,0); move(0,-1); move(0,-1); move(0,-1); move(0,-1); move(0,-1); move(0,1); move(0,1); end pattern. Each move is shown as a single unit change from the previous position. See Chapter 3 for a detailed explanation of pattern movement techniques. |
| < Day Day Up > |


About Me
Hello! My name is Said Ahmed and I am first week Epicodus student. After four days of intense classes I will put what I have learned to the test and create my own Porfolio Landing Page using key concepts covered in my first week at Epicodus.
Background
I havent had a whole lot of experience with coding before the start of class here at Epicodus. I went to the University of Washington and studied mathematics, but never deleved into coding classes at UW. I decided to take a class on programming because I have heard a lot of good things about becoming a developer. Not finishing my degree at UW, my past work experience conists of menial jobs. That was another reason why I decided to take a course on programming. To learn a new trade that will benefit me in the long run. Sed congue ex eget massa tristique suscipit. Nam pellentesque eros lorem, eget porta erat bibendum sit amet. Etiam sit amet laoreet libero, et tristique tellus. Nulla purus odio, auctor at consectetur et, vestibulum ut magna. Aenean et neque interdum, ornare tellus eu, auctor metus.
Interests/Hobbies/Skills
My interests and hobbies are many.
- Programming
- Basketball
- Chess
- FIFA
Obviously I just started programming and learning about the different types of technologies used, but I am liking it thus far. I see myself my going far in this career field as long as I work hard and stay persistent.
As fas as my other hobbies go, I love playing basketball, playing chess, and whenever I get the chance playing videogames specifically FIFA. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Praesent non molestie nisl, nec vestibulum nibh. Nulla vel ligula accumsan, hendrerit eros sit amet, placerat libero. Etiam sem nulla, cursus vel laoreet in, imperdiet ac turpis. Maecenas tempus nunc a augue ultrices pellentesque. Vivamus sodales est nec ante accumsan, a facilisis tellus congue. Donec et sodales risus, id tempor neque. In pharetra nisi id pellentesque dignissim. Mauris tempor sit amet lacus eget posuere. Sed et mattis eros. Pellentesque luctus tortor purus, quis luctus libero iaculis ac. Nullam nec aliquam neque, ac elementum lectus. Proin iaculis risus eget imperdiet maximus. Pellentesque vitae neque eget dolor lacinia malesuada non quis nisi. Integer lectus sapien, auctor quis accumsan vitae, aliquam ullamcorper justo.
Favorite Epicodus Projects
- My-First- WebPage
- Investor-Website
- Cupcake-Shop
- Boring-Lecture
This was our first web-page. This project used HTML and CSS. The purpose of this project was to provide us more practice linking our stylesheet to our html file.
This was our first web-page. This project used HTML and CSS. The purpose of this project was to provide us more practice linking our stylesheet to our html file.
This project used HTML and CSS. The purpose of this project was to provide us more practice linking our stylesheet to our html file.
This project used HTML and CSS. The purpose of this project was to provide us more practice linking our stylesheet to our html file.


--- title: What is the consequence of normalizing by each case in the control? author: Jeff Walker date: '2020-05-18' slug: what-is-the-consequence-of-normalizing-by-each-case-in-the-control categories: - stats 101 tags: - normalization - p-values - NHST keywords: - tech ---
Motivator: Novel metabolic role for BDNF in pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion
I’ll finish this some day…
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, message=FALSE)
library(tidyverse)
library(data.table)
library(mvtnorm)
library(lmerTest)
niter <- 2000
n <- 9
treatment_levels <- c("cn", "high", "high_bdnf")
insulin <- data.table(treatment = rep(treatment_levels, each=n))
X <- model.matrix(~ treatment, data=insulin)
beta <- c(0,0,0) # no effects
# the three responses are taken from the same cluster of cells and so have expected
# correlation rho. This means we need a correlated error
rho <- 0.8
Rho <- matrix(c(c(1, rho, rho), c(rho, 1, rho), c(rho, rho, 1)), nrow=3)
mu <- c(beta[1], beta[1]+beta[2], beta[1]+beta[3])
prob <- matrix(-9999, nrow=niter, ncol=3)
colnames(prob) <- c("raw", "norm", "oneway")
for(iter in 1:niter){
fd_wide <- rmvnorm(n, mu, sigma = Rho) %>%
data.table()
setnames(fd_wide, old=colnames(fd_wide), new=treatment_levels)
fd_wide[, cn.norm := cn/cn]
fd_wide[, high.norm := high/cn]
fd_wide[, high_bdnf.norm := high_bdnf/cn]
fd_wide[, id := factor(paste0("id_",1:.N))]
fd <- melt(fd_wide, id.vars = "id",
measure.vars = list(treatment_levels,
paste0(treatment_levels, ".norm")),
value.name = c("insulin", "insulin.norm"))
fd[, treatment := treatment_levels[variable]]
fit <- lmer(insulin ~ treatment + (1|id), data = fd)
prob[iter, "raw"] <- coef(summary(fit))["treatmenthigh", "Pr(>|t|)"]
fit <- lm(insulin.norm ~ treatment, data = fd)
prob[iter, "norm"] <- coef(summary(fit))["treatmenthigh", "Pr(>|t|)"]
fit <- t.test(fd[treatment == "high",insulin.norm], mu=1)
prob[iter, "oneway"] <- fit$p.value
}
## Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
## control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00233038
## (tol = 0.002, component 1)
## Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
## control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00289207
## (tol = 0.002, component 1)
## Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
## control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.0100862
## (tol = 0.002, component 1)
apply(prob, 2, function(x) sum(x < 0.05)/niter)
## raw norm oneway
## 0.0500 0.0165 0.0345
niter <- 2000
n <- 9
treatment_levels <- c("cn", "high", "high_bdnf")
insulin <- data.table(treatment = rep(treatment_levels, each=n))
X <- model.matrix(~ treatment, data=insulin)
beta <- c(0,0,0) # no effects
# the three responses are taken from the same cluster of cells and so have expected
# correlation rho. This means we need a correlated error
rho <- 0.8
Rho <- matrix(c(c(1, rho, rho), c(rho, 1, rho), c(rho, rho, 1)), nrow=3)
mu <- c(beta[1], beta[1]+beta[2], beta[1]+beta[3])
prob <- matrix(-9999, nrow=niter, ncol=3)
colnames(prob) <- c("raw", "norm", "oneway")
for(iter in 1:niter){
fd_wide <- rmvnorm(n, mu, sigma = Rho) %>%
data.table()
setnames(fd_wide, old=colnames(fd_wide), new=treatment_levels)
fd_wide[, cn.norm := cn/cn]
fd_wide[, high.norm := high/cn]
fd_wide[, high_bdnf.norm := high_bdnf/cn]
fd_wide[, id := factor(paste0("id_",1:.N))]
fd <- melt(fd_wide, id.vars = "id",
measure.vars = list(treatment_levels,
paste0(treatment_levels, ".norm")),
value.name = c("insulin", "insulin.norm"))
fd[, treatment := treatment_levels[variable]]
fit <- lmer(insulin ~ treatment + (1|id), data = fd)
prob[iter, "raw"] <- coef(summary(fit))["treatmenthigh", "Pr(>|t|)"]
fit <- lm(insulin.norm ~ treatment, data = fd)
prob[iter, "norm"] <- coef(summary(fit))["treatmenthigh", "Pr(>|t|)"]
fit <- t.test(fd[treatment == "high",insulin.norm], mu=1)
prob[iter, "oneway"] <- fit$p.value
}
## Warning in checkConv(attr(opt, "derivs"), opt$par, ctrl =
## control$checkConv, : Model failed to converge with max|grad| = 0.00281995
## (tol = 0.002, component 1)
apply(prob, 2, function(x) sum(x < 0.05)/niter)
## raw norm oneway
## 0.0450 0.0225 0.0360


ShowMeCoders is a cooperative effort undertaken by Missourians participating in the Grow With Google Scholarship Challenge sponsored by Google and offered through Udacity.
This project was created as part of this three month long program of instruction to demonstrate our grasp of the lessons learned during the coursework and to gain the valuable skill of working as a team.


C programming
Hello!! I am Bhupat Jangid and I am a undergraudate student at Rajasthan Technical University, Kota
All of first I am a Computer Science student So I love programming. and want to participate in more and more competative contests. and try to upgrade my profile.
Our era has come to see the vital importance of digital technology in our daily lives.so i love to make digital daily life
I love Robotics. Both breaking them and making them. I keep watching robots for any amount of time. I keep making simple robots whenever I find some free time.
Currently I working on it (available soon)....


NICE HONEY LEMON- menthol lozenge
Insight Pharmaceuticals
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
Active Ingredient (in each lozenge)
menthol 5 mg
Purposes
Cough Suppressant/Oral Anesthetic
Uses
temporarily suppresses/relieves:
- coughs due to minor throat and bronchial irritation from a cold or inhaled irritants
- occasional minor sore throat pain
Warnings
Ask a doctor before use if you have
- chronic cough that lasts or occurs with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema
- cough that occurs with too much phlegm (mucus)
When using this product
- do not use more than directed, taking more may have a laxative effect
Stop use and ask a doctor if
- cough lasts more than 7 days, comes back, or occurs with fever, rash or headache that lasts. These could be signs of a serious condition.
- sore throat is severe, lasts for more than 2 days, occurs with or is followed by fever, headache, rash, swelling, nausea or vomiting
- sore mouth symptoms last more than 7 days, or irritation, pain or redness continues or worsens
Keep out of reach of children.
Directions
- dissolve a lozenge slowly in mouth
- may be repeated every hour for coughs as needed or as directed by a doctor
- may be repeated every 2 hours for sore throat
- do not take more than 10 lozenges per day
| adults and children 6 years and older |
5 mg |
| children under 6 years |
ask a doctor |
Isomalt is a diabetic safe sweetener. Retain outer carton for complete directions and warnings. Each lozenge is safety-sealed in a blister pack for your protection. Use only if lozenge blister seals are unbroken. 10 calories per lozenge. Avoid storing at high temperature (greater than 100°F).
Inactive Ingredients
Acesulfame Potassium, Ascorbic Acid, Caramel Color, Citric Acid, D&C Yellow No.10, Eucalyptus Oil, FD&C Yellow No.6, Honey Lemon Flavor, Isomalt, Other N&A Flavors, Sodium Citrate
QUESTIONS?
Call 1-800-344-7239 or visit us on the web at www.insightpharma.com
Distributed by:
INSIGHT Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Langhorne, PA 19047-1749
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 24 Lozenge Box
N'ICE®
SUGAR FREE
DIABETIC-SAFE
ƒor Coughs
and Minor Sore
Throat Pain
MENTHOL • COUGH SUPPRESSANT/ORAL ANESTHETIC
Honey Lemon
24 LOZENGES


You know basically what I mean by "Web Security"
You've seen how I use an open-source testing tool
You get the gist of how to fix the bug we found
I've given you some ideas on where to explore next
source: Checkpoint Security 2014 Report
source: Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report 2014, top five in alphabetical order:
is about...
Designing (Defenders)
Implementing (Builders)
and Testing (Attackers)
for a better WWW
and I don't just mean HTTPS
I can't give you 100 securities ;)
Can you spot two things wrong?
Leads to information disclosure, impersonation, financial loss & more!
"please don't hack me"
Even with the best defenses, humans can mess it all up
"Swiss cheese model of accident causation" by Davidmack - Own work. CC-BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Security is hard, let's go hacking!
(In Canada, it's legal to own lock-picks, but illegal to possess "with the intention of committing a crime")
You should not attack any applications other than your own, and only do that with permission from the appropriate authorities (e.g. your company, your school)
if you take something from this talk and do something irresponsible, I won't be held liable.
App, Tool, and Objective
Gruere Codelab
google-gruyere.appspot.comOWASP ZAP
the Zed Attack Proxy(I've installed some add-ons to expand fuzz options)
Find a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
XSS = Cross-Site Scripting
(english-idiom: X = cross)
One of the easiest errors to make when building a web site
Roughly, XSS is when you can run JavaScript on someone else's page
(For those reading slides after the talk, be sure to set the Scope to http://localhost:8008
and then enter Protected mode)
(see also: gruyere-hints.md
in this directory)
"mouse-over" stored XSS
Set homepage to "asdf"
(reflecting the thing not found?)
Builders necessarily economize; so much to do, so little time
It's therefore crucial to make a compelling argument that something's worth fixing!
"Demo the exploit" is a powerful conversation tool
Store payload into "homepage"...
... trick user into clicking
Use the "Resend..." tool in ZAP to bypass form validation
Set this as the "homepage=" parameter
%253Cscript%253Eexfil%253Ddocument%252EcreateElement%2528%2522img%2522%2529%253Bexfil%252Esrc%253D%2522newsnippet2%253Fsnippet%253D%2522%252Bdocument%252Ecookie%253Bdocument%252Ebody%252EappendChild%2528exfil%2529%253B%253C%252Fscript%253E
Make a snippet: "Click my homepage to win cashmoneydollars"
User's cookie posted as a snippet!
(Live coding goes here... or explaining a pre-prepared patch)
(Essentially: add apostrophe to filter in gtl.py, add :text in error.gtl)
XSS is caused by "breaking out" of one textual context into another
Parsers for a web page switch modes on certain control characters
Web languages provide syntax to "escape" those control characters
So, we escaped the problematic control characters!
Well known: "
, <
, >
, and &
Often overlooked: =
, '
(apostrophe), !
, /
, and `
(backtick)
| Character | Encoding |
|---|---|
| " | " |
| < | < |
| > | > |
| & | & |
| ' | ' |
| generally: | HHHH; |
Briefly stated, theory is: escape control characters
This is a "block-list" approach
An "allow-list" approach can be more comprehensive
Start with "everthing's fine"
incrementally subtract; "this is not OK"
Benefits: easier to define
Problems: maintenance cost & missing important items
Start with "trust nothing"
incrementally add; "this is verified OK"
Benefits: resilient to yet-unknown threats
Problems: sometimes over-matches & breaks functionality
Be suspicious of block-list approaches
With a good team*, allow-list has less maintainance costs
* one that can consistently catch defects before they reach customers
Alpha-numeric is usually safe
Escape everything else using HHHH;
syntax
Use a template language with automatic escaping
Use a template language with contextual escaping
Use Content-Security-Policy (a topic worth another talk)
For more challenges, try the Gruyere Codelab on your own!
A free open-source self-contained training environment for Web Application Security penetration testing. Tools + Targets = Dojohttps://www.mavensecurity.com/web_security_dojo/
highlights:
Relative to the web, a nascent field!
Development strategies often focus on velocity
Need to stress: importance of threat modeling and secure coding practices
To generalize:
Attacker - paid to break into things
Defender - paid to make things less break-in-able
Builder - paid to ship a product, apply defenses
Regardless of your career path...
security is relevant
you've just seen how easy it is to break into something
so it always pays to know how to defend
Contact me: "jstash" on twitter and gmail, "stash" on github


I tried out openSUSE aeon which is basically microos with gnome on top, overall pretty good immutable distro with sane defaults. Gnome isn't crashing at all which is good, but librewolf was acting up with mouse2 drawing next window. I think microos is great but i'm not a fan of podman, i just find it confusing. I'm fairly certain some podman images i'm trying to install aren't compatible with my system in some way. Distrobox makes living on microos easier but running terminal applications isn't fun: arrow keys, å, ä & ö show up as _ and there's noticable slowdown with heavy gui stuff. I'd say day to day work is more enjoyable on regular tumbleweed than microos.


A full-stack software developer living in Bengaluru, India :india:
- 🔭 I’m currently working on any random project ideas
- 🌱 I’m currently learning Python, Flutter, GraphQL, React.js, DevOps
- 👯 I’m looking to collaborate on software developments
- 🌋 I’m always looking for challenging work oppurtunities ahead.
- 🤔 I’m looking for help with Mobile Application Development, ML with Python, DevOps
- 💬 Ask me about Front-end web technologies, Web development frameworks


DjangoCon US is dedicated to providing a fun harassment-free conference experience for everyone, regardless of gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance, body size, race, or religion.
Be kind to others. Do not insult or put down other attendees. Behave professionally.
Remember that harassment and sexist, racist, or exclusionary jokes are not appropriate for DjangoCon US.
Attendees violating these rules may be asked to leave the conference without a refund at the sole discretion of the conference organizers.
Thank you for helping make this a welcoming, friendly event for all.
Need help?
If you are being harassed, notice that someone else is being harassed, or have any other concerns, please contact the conference Code of Conduct committee at {{site.conduct_email}}{% comment %} or<PHONE_NUMBER>{% endcomment %}.
Important Numbers
Conference staff will be happy to help participants contact venue security or local law enforcement, provide escorts, or otherwise assist those experiencing harassment to feel safe for the duration of the conference. We value your attendance.
If your physical safety or the physical safety of others is at risk, please dial 911. If you are outside of San Diego, or on a cell phone, and need to access San Diego's 911 services, dial<PHONE_NUMBER>. For other needs, contact the relevant authorities below.
- Code of Conduct team:
- Adam Fast
- Catherine Holmes
- Jeff Triplett
- Jessica "Deatz" Deaton
- Jorge Gimeno
- Emergency: 911
- San Diego Police Helpline:<PHONE_NUMBER>
- San Diego Police Tipline:<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Crime Check (to report Non-Emergency incidents):<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Sexual Assault Crisis Line/Victims Crisis Line (24 hours):<PHONE_NUMBER>
- Nearest Hospital: Sharp Memorial Hospital, 7901 Frost St. San Diego, CA 92123:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Full Code of Conduct
To make clear what is expected, all delegates/attendees, speakers, exhibitors, organizers and volunteers at any DjangoCon US event are required to conform to the following Code of Conduct. Organizers will enforce this code throughout the event.
What the conference is
DjangoCon US is a community conference intended for networking and collaboration in the developer community.
We value the participation of each member of the Django community and want all attendees to have an enjoyable and fulfilling experience. Accordingly, all attendees are expected to show respect and courtesy to other attendees throughout the conference, at all conference events, and in all conference online spaces (such as Slack), whether officially sponsored by DjangoCon US or not.
Be Kind To Others
Do not insult or put down other attendees. Behave professionally. Remember that harassment and sexist, racist, or exclusionary jokes are not appropriate for DjangoCon US. Attendees violating these rules may be asked to leave the conference without a refund at the sole discretion of the conference organizers.
Be Respectful
Not all of us will agree all the time, but disagreement is no excuse for poor behavior and poor manners. We do not tolerate harassment of conference participants in any form.

Choose Your Words
Be careful in the words that you choose.   We are all adults, capable of having adult conversations. Preface your presentation with appropriate Trigger/Content Warnings, if necessary.
All communication should be appropriate for a professional audience including people of many different backgrounds. Sexual language and imagery is not appropriate for any conference venue, including talks.
Participants asked to stop any harassing behavior are expected to comply immediately.
Exhibitors in the expo hall, sponsor or vendor booths, or similar activities are also subject to the anti-harassment policy. In particular, exhibitors should not use sexualized images, activities, or other material. Booth staff (including volunteers) should not use sexualized clothing/uniforms/costumes, or otherwise create a sexualized environment.
Photography
In order to make DjangoCon US 2020 a great experience for everyone, do not photograph, video, or audio record anyone at DjangoCon without their express permission, sought in advance. If someone does not want to be photographed, video or audio recorded, please respect their wishes.
Crowd shots are permitted, but when only the faces of a few people are visible, permission should be sought from all of those individuals.
If a participant engages in behavior that violates this code of conduct, the conference organizers may take any action they deem appropriate, including warning the offender or expulsion from the conference with no refund.
License
This Code of Conduct was forked from the example policy from the Geek Feminism wiki, created by the Ada Initiative and other volunteers. which is under a Creative Commons Zero license.
DjangoCon US Conference Code of Conduct is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.


Speed up your Sketch workflow by visually turning basic layers into symbols.
(Unfortunately, this project is not maintained anymore.)
Designing with symbols has just become 2x faster.
Instead of searching through your long list of symbols, just draw simple shapes or text layers, and magically turn them into the symbols you meant to add.
Some of you might want help with where to start.
Introducing López and García, 2 beautiful UI Kits that are fully compatible with Felipe.
1st Place in the Design Tools Hackathon 2018
Featured in the Sketch End of the Year Newsletter


404 - Page not found
Well, this is awkward. You appear to be on a page that doesn’t exist.
Actually, this explanation that it does not exist gives the page existence and meaning; though it’s likely not the kind of page that you were looking for. Evidently we need more error codes to cover the philosophical journey you’ve had in getting here.
In the meantime, you can make your way back to a better defined page by clicking here.


Knowledge Graph
»
Statistics
» Supplier
Reconciled suppliers per jurisdiction
SPARQL
PREFIX rov:
PREFIX db:
SELECT DISTINCT ?country (COUNT(?country) AS ?count) WHERE { ?regorg a rov:RegisteredOrganization. ?regorg db:jurisdiction ?jurisdiction BIND(UCASE(?jurisdiction) AS ?country) } GROUP BY ?country ORDER BY ASC(?country)
Chart
google.visualization.GeoChart
google.visualization.Table
Action
Execute the query
(~10 seconds)
Result
HTML
Javascript


|
GPGPU-Sim
|
#include <pipefifo.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| PipelineFIFO (Module *parent, const string &name, int lanes, int depth) | |
| ~PipelineFIFO () | |
| void | Write (T *val, int lane=0) |
| void | WriteAll (T *val) |
| T * | Read (int lane=0) |
| void | Advance () |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Module | |
| Module (Module *parent, const string &name) | |
| virtual | ~Module () |
| const string & | Name () const |
| const string & | FullName () const |
| void | DisplayHierarchy (int level=0, ostream &os=cout) const |
| void | Error (const string &msg) const |
| void | Debug (const string &msg) const |
| virtual void | Display (ostream &os=cout) const |
Private Attributes | |
| int | _lanes |
| int | _depth |
| int | _pipe_len |
| int | _pipe_ptr |
| vector< vector< T * > > | _data |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from Module | |
| void | _AddChild (Module *child) |
Definition at line 35 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| PipelineFIFO< T >::PipelineFIFO | ( | Module * | parent, |
| const string & | name, | ||
| int | lanes, | ||
| int | depth | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 56 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| PipelineFIFO< T >::~PipelineFIFO | ( | ) |
Definition at line 71 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| void PipelineFIFO< T >::Advance | ( | ) |
Definition at line 92 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| T * PipelineFIFO< T >::Read | ( | int | lane = 0 | ) |
Definition at line 87 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| void PipelineFIFO< T >::Write | ( | T * | val, |
| int | lane = 0 |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 75 of file pipefifo.hpp.
| void PipelineFIFO< T >::WriteAll | ( | T * | val | ) |
Definition at line 80 of file pipefifo.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 42 of file pipefifo.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 37 of file pipefifo.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 36 of file pipefifo.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 39 of file pipefifo.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 40 of file pipefifo.hpp.


Inspring Innovation
Penang Science Cluster (PSC) (formerly known as Penang Science Council) is an industry-led initiative in collaboration with the State Government. It was initiated by YAB Chief Minister in 2009 and formally incorporated 2012. .
Our first centre was in Krystal Point, with the first workshop starting on 14 December 2013, and was officially opened by Penang’s Chief Minister on 18 April 2014. Now we have our 13 000 sq. ft. main centre, PSC@Heritage, at the Wisma Yeap Chor Ee building in Georgetown that was launched on 5 December 2015. The entire ground floor is provided rent-free to PSC by Penang Development Corporation.


main menu
add new
list all
upload
user profile
login or register
logout
FAQ
terms and use
close
chose a preset
main menu
flywheel
lever
pedal
traditional
watertap
add item
main menu
id
source
date
set position
lat.
lon.
accuracy
take photo
edit
water resource type
large diameter
small diameter
water tap
other
water well top
open
close
can be opened
pump
manual
powered
no pump
pump manual
lever
flywheel
pedal
no pump
other pump
other pump
operator
operator type
unknown
public
private
government
NGO
community
condition
unknown
good
fair
deficient
disused
no
yes
abandoned
no
yes
access
unknown
yes
private
permissive
multifamily
no
water presence
unknown
yes
no
drinking water
unknown
yes
no
fee
no
yes
fixme
no
yes
note
view all
main menu
backup data
main menu
view log
view item
main menu
register new user
main menu
* mandatory fields
id
user name
*
(H2OpenMap source field)
special characters forbidden
password
*
confirm pass
*
email
*
optional fields
name
family name
photo
organization
web page
OSM account
note
info
Create an Account
login
main menu
email
*
password
*
login
or
register new user
FAQ
main menu
issues
getUser() rimosso dalla sequenza di start -> form accessibile -> decidere cosa fare
verificare il comportamento del LogIn/Out, SignIn/Out
verificare sequenze inserimento/modifica dati
se inserisco mail errate o password che non coincidono, mando i dat a db e li salva.... correggere
li
terms and use
main menu


Pizza Restaurant in Pittsburgh, PA
Taste the unbeatable flavors of all-natural, hand-tossed pizza made fresh every day at Fiori's Pizzaria. Our locally-owned-and-operated pizza restaurant in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, serves a variety of traditional Italian cuisine from a true Italian family.
Custom Trays
Make your parties for watching the Steelers, Penguins, or high school teams even better with plenty of great food. We use hoagies, wings, or any of our appetizers to create party trays.
Pizza boats are also available!
Highly Recommended
"Fiori's is my favorite pizza of all time. If I were ever to leave Pittsburgh, Fiori's would be something I'd definitely come back for."
Tina B. (December, 2016)
"Fiori's. My all time favorite pizza place.  Hands down, this is the best pizza that I've ever had, and the best pizza in Pittsburgh by far."
Maddie M. (August, 2017)
"Simply the best pizza. Hoagies, wings, and salads are excellent as well. This place is heralded as the best pizza in Pitt for a reason."
Paul S. (January, 2018)
"I literally don't even have words for my love for Fiori's. If I were stranded on an island and could only choose one food to have, it would be Fiori's pizza. That is all."
Katie O. (January, 2018)
"I've lived in Pittsburgh for 11 years and have been continually disappointed by the pizza scene, but no more! Fiori's is without a doubt the best pizza in the city."
Hilary M. (March, 2018)


Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
4
Dietary
Preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
First you will need to roll out the puff pastry. Be careful when doing this, as it has a high fat content which makes it difficult to work with, if too warm. If you buy frozen puff pastry, it is best to defrost it overnight in the fridge the day before using.
 Place directly onto the baking tray and leave to rest for 10 minutes in the fridge.
Using a peeler, peel the apples and cut in half from top to bottom. Remove the core and then slice the apples thinly.
Remove the pastry from the fridge and, using a fork, prick the surface.
Place some apple compote into the middle and fan the apple around the tart base, then finish it by placing some slices in the middle of the tart.
For the vanilla butter, simply scrape the seeds from the reserved vanilla pods and then mix it with 150g/5oz of softened unsalted butter.
Using a pastry brush lightly butter the apples and then sprinkle lightly with sugar.
Place into the preheated oven for 10 minutes, remove and brush with the vanilla butter and place back into the oven for a further 8-10 minutes.
Remove from the oven, brush with butter and leave to rest for 10 minutes.
Serve with clotted cream.


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Bilinear interpolation calculator is used to estimate function's value at any point (x, y) inside the rectangle.
Corner Point Coordinates:
Corner Point Values:
Interpolated Point:


Twice a Week Lectures
The course focuses in teaching the distributed systems concepts through projects. The lectures prepare the students to execute the assignments.
Lecture 1 - August 22nd
- Goal: Students should understand what the course is about and what is expected from them.
- Topics:
- Introduce students to primary science gateways concepts
- Introduce students to Apache Airavata
- Introduce students to the Apache Way, open source
- Introduce students to planned projects
- [Class Overview Slides]
- [Assignment 1 Slides]
Lecture 2 - August 24th
- Goal: Preview the semester lectures so students can understand what the course is about and what is expected from them.
- Topics:
- Walk through of all the course theme areas.
- Overview of RPC and Message Serialization using Apache Thrift
- [Apache Thrift Slides]
- [Class Details Slides]
Lecture 3 - August 29th
- Goal: students will understand the basics of microservices and messaging
- Topic: Apache Thrift
Lecture 4 - August 31st
Lecture 5 - September 5th
Lecture 6 - September 7th
- Goal: Students will understand the basics of continuous integration and deployment
- Topics: Help session, demo of Apache Jenkins
Lecture 7 - September 12th
Lecture 8 - September 14th
- Goal: Understand the motivations for Apache Airavata
- Topic: Supercomputing and Airavata Abstractions to build Science Gateways
- [Airavata introduction slides]
Lecture 9 - September 19th
Lecture 10 - September 21st
Lecture 11 - September 26th
- Goal: Students will gain a basic understanding of distributed systems concepts and their relations to microservice architectures
- Topics: Distributed systems intro, part 1
Lecture 12 - September 28th
Lecture 13 - October 3rd
Lecture 14 - October 5th
- Goal: Review project Assignment 4
Lecture 15 - October 10th
Lecture 16 - October 12th
Lecture 15 - October 17th
- Goal: Students will gain a better understanding of how scientists use science gateways
- Guest lecturer: Dr. Sudhakar Pamidighantam
- Topic: The Science and Engineering Grid SEAGrid Science Gateway
- [SEAGrid Science Gateway Slides]
Lecture 16 - October 18th
Lecture 17 - October 24th
Lecture 18 - October 26th
- Topic: Airavata installation hackathon, course help session
Lecture 19 - October 31st
Lecture 20 - November 2nd
Lecture 21 - November 7th
- Goal: students will learn how log systems can be used for continuous deployment, and how Byzantine faults can be handled
Lecture 22 - November 9th
Lecture 23 - November 14th
- Guest Lecture: Gourav Shenoy
- [Gest Lecture Slides: Apache Helix, Profile Service, Event-Driven Data Replication] (http://courses.airavata.org/slides/SGA_Guest_Lecture.pdf)
Lecture 24 - November 16th
Thanksgiving Break - November 19th to 26th - no classes
Lecture 27 - November 28th
Lecture 28 - November 30th
Lecture 29 - December 5th
- Student final presentations, Part 1
Lecture 30 - December 7th
- Student final presentations, Part 2


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Blueprint not available
Blueprints are created as part of the project build process. A Blueprint is created (or recreated) when the entity is problem free and a full or incremental build is run which includes the entity.
A Blueprint may be unavailable for the following reasons:
- Problem markers exist on the related entity preventing creation of the Blueprint.
- The project build is disabled and entity has not been created.
- Incremental builder may consider the entity as up-to-date, but the generated blueprint is not present.
- The build is currently running and the blueprint has not yet been produced.
To resolve the issue:
- If the project is building, wait for it to complete. The in-progress build may resolve the issue.
- Check if problem markers exist on this entity. Error markers will prevent the Blueprint from generating. Resolve outstanding errors and save.
- Enable Build Automatically on the Project menu, or Build Project manually.
- If the build is enabled and the entity has no error markers, Clean the project to force a build of the entity.


examples.ipd_model.agents package¶
Submodules¶
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents module¶
Agents for the iterated prisioners dilemma model
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.
BadPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.
GoodPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always cooperate
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.
Player
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
sphinx.ext.autodoc.importer._MockObject
A basic player in the Iterated Prisioners Dilemma
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.
RandomPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.
TitForTatPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect
examples.ipd_model.agents.ipd_action_set module¶
Basic Strategy Class implementation
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.ipd_action_set.
AlwaysCooperate
[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.ipd_action_set.Strategy
Always Cooperate Strategy
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.ipd_action_set.
Game
(my_name=None, my_play=None, my_payoff=None, other_name=None, other_play=None, other_payoff=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Class Representing a Game
Module contents¶
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.
Player
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
sphinx.ext.autodoc.importer._MockObject
A basic player in the Iterated Prisioners Dilemma
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.
GoodPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always cooperate
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.
BadPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.
RandomPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect
-
class
examples.ipd_model.agents.
TitForTatPlayer
(simulation, model, agent_number, agent_def)[source]¶ Bases:
examples.ipd_model.agents.agents.Player
A player that always defect


Projects Title
Project List Directive
Site 101
Site 102
Functions of content writers[edit]
There is a growing demand for skilled web content writers on the internet.[1] This is because quality content often translates into higher revenues for online businesses. [2]
Website owners and managers depend on content writers to perform several major tasks:
Analyze all the tasks before sending to the content writer, and to give a task regarding promoting for the particular website given for reference URL.
Check for keywords or generate a keyword and give it to the writers to use in the article, and provide them with the limitations for the keywords.
Create or edit copy to inform the reader, and to promote or sell the company, product or service described in the website.
Produce content to entice and engage visitors, so they continue browsing on the current website. This operates on the premise that longer a visitor stays on a particular site, the greater the likelihood they will eventually become clients or customers.
Produce content that is smart in its use of keywords, or is focused on search engine optimization (SEO). This means the text must contain relevant keywords and phrases that are most likely to be entered by users in web searches associated with the actual site for better search engine indexing and ranking.
Create content that allows the site visitors to get the information they want quickly and efficiently. Efficient and focused web content gives readers access to information in a user-friendly manner.
Create unique, useful, and compelling content on a topic primarily for the readers and not just for the search engines.
Website content writing aims for relevance and search-ability. Relevance means that the website text should be useful and beneficial to readers. Search-ability indicates usage of keywords to help search engines direct users to websites that meet their search criteria.
There are various ways through which websites come up with article writing and one of them is outsourcing of the content writing but it is riskier than other options.
Online writers vs. print writers[edit]
Writing online is very different from composing and constructing content for printed materials. Web users tend to scan text instead of reading it closely, skipping what they perceive to be unnecessary information, and hunting for what they regard as most relevant. It is estimated that seventy-nine percent of users scan web content.[3] It is also reported that it takes twenty-five percent more time to scan content online compared to print content.[4] Web content writers must have the skills to insert paragraphs and headlines containing keywords for search engine optimization, as well as to make sure their composition is clear, so that they will be able to reach their target market.
Content writing providers[edit]
Website content writing is frequently outsourced to external providers, such as individual web copywriters or for larger or more complex projects, a specialized copywriting agency.
Copywriting agencies combine copywriting services with a range of editorial and associated services, that may include brand positioning, message consulting, social media, SEO consulting, developmental and copy editing, proofreading, fact checking, layout, and design. Outsourcing such services allows businesses to focus on core competencies and to benefit from the specialized knowledge of professional copywriters and editors.
See also[edit]
Copywriting
Web content development