How Sammy Went to Coral-Land
by Emily Paret Atwater
Chapter 1
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1920
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
- Source: Atwater, E.P. (1920). How Sammy Went to Coral-Land. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs and Co.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 9.0
- Word Count: 2,217
- Genre: Adventure
- Keywords: adventure
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Once upon a time there lived in the depths of a deep, tranquil pool a young salmon, whom we will call “Sammy,” for short. He was a very handsome fish, and decidedly vain of his good looks. His flesh was a beautiful pink, and the scales that form the armor, or coat-of-mail of most fishes, were particularly handsome on Sammy, and glittered with many colors in the sunlight. He had a very graceful shape besides, and his fins were the envy of all the young fish of his acquaintance.
Almost all fishes have a great many fins, and although they differ sometimes in position and number according to the fish, the most important ones are the Dorsal fin, which stands straight up from the back, the Caudal fin, which is in the end of the tail, and the Pectoral fins, which are at the sides and take the place of feet in animals.
These fins all help to make the fish the splendid swimmers that they are, and are large and strong, or small and weak, according to which part of the water the fish inhabits. If he prefers the surface of the ocean, or a large body of water, his fins must be large enough, and strong enough to battle against fierce waves, and strong tides, while the fish who lives far below where the water is more calm finds his weaker fins ample for his needs. The long, oval body which most fishes possess is another great help in gliding rapidly through the water.
Like others of his kind Sammy had a very strong spine in which was an air-bladder. By pressing the air out of this he could swim easily at a great depth, and by inflating it to let the air in, like a balloon, he could rise and swim along the surface.
Sammy’s eyes were large and round, and he could see splendidly, especially when the water was clear. His hearing, as well as his sense of smell was also good, and he breathed through the gills on each side of his throat. When taken out of the water the fish really dies of suffocation, for the water that enters its throat and flows out through the gills is the air that keeps it alive.
Sammy’s maiden aunt, an old fish who lived in the same stream with him, used to tell strange tales of fish that can live several days out of water by reason of the different formation of their gills.
One of these is a tropical fish called the Anabas. It has very strong Pectoral fins which it uses like feet when on land, and it will even climb trees to catch the insects which it eats.
Another fish of this sort is the Frog-Fish, a hideous creature which is caught near Asia.
But the most wonderful of all is a South American fish called the Hassar. It usually lives in pools of water inland, and if the pool where it is happens to dry up, it will travel a whole night over land in search of a new home. It is an experienced traveler, and is said to supply itself with water for its journey. If the Hassar finds all the pools and streams dried up, it will bury itself in the sand, and fall into a kind of stupor until the rainy season comes around and brings it back to life.
“Aunt Sheen,” so called from the beauty of her skin, used to tell Sammy another story about this famous fish. It seems that the Hassar builds a nest just like a bird, only hers is under water along the reeds and rushes of some shore. The nest is made of vegetable fibers, and is shaped like a hollow ball, flat at the top. From a hole in this ball the mother can pass in and out, and she watches over her nest with the most tender care, until the young ones leave it.
Fishermen catch the Hassar by holding a basket in front of the nest and beating it with sticks. When the poor mother comes out to defend her family, she falls into the basket and is captured.
“And serves her right, too,” Aunt Sheen always concluded. “Building a nest and watching over it is a silly thing for a sensible fish to do. No one ever thinks of such behavior except some miserable little fish called Sticklebacks, and a few other inferior kinds. Why couldn’t she leave her spawn in a quiet place somewhere near the shore, and then let them hatch out and look after themselves? That’s the way I was brought up.”
Now, this speech may sound very unkind and even heartless, but leaving the young to look after themselves is the customary thing among fishes. And when you consider that one mother fish often has many hundreds of children, it is not to be wondered at that she finds it impossible to take care of such a very large family.
The deep sea fishes come to the shore in the breeding season, deposit their eggs, or spawn, in some convenient spot, sometimes in the seaweed, or in vegetable matter, sometimes in the sand, on rocks, or in little, secluded pools, and then they bother themselves no more about their offspring.
The salmon, and some other kinds of sea fish go up the rivers and streams inland to deposit their young. Salmon are very strong, and they can make tremendous leaps and shoot up rapids with great swiftness. Indeed, the salmon is one of the most rapid swimmers in the fish family, and it is said that one salmon could make a tour of the world in a few weeks.
Sammy was very proud of his family, as well he might be, for his maiden aunt was always telling stories of their relations and connections.
Aunt Sheen was a big fish, the oldest and largest, not only in her own pool, but in all the salmon stream. In her youth she had been a great traveler and seen many wonderful sights, and was regarded with awe and admiration by the younger fish. But she had grown fat and lazy with age, and was now content to spend the remainder of her days in this quiet stream which hid itself among the northern pines a good many miles from the sea.
It was a pleasant place, with deep, still pools here and there in the shade, nice, slippery mossy rocks to hide under, and sunlit shallows where the water rippled over the white pebbles, or leaped musically down a tiny waterfall.
 Then there was always the excitement of watching for the flies and different insects that hovered near, and which made delicious meals when caught. The young salmon used to boast of the flies they had captured, just as boys and men do of their luck in fishing.
But our hero soon grew tired of this quiet life. It seemed very stupid and humdrum when compared with Aunt Sheen’s marvelous tales of the great ocean, and the strange sights and thrilling adventures that there awaited the voyager. He was larger than his brothers and sisters, his sea-going instinct was strong within him, he longed for the wonders of the great, world, and grew tired of Aunt Sheen’s repeated warnings.
This old fish always professed to be entirely uninterested in the doings of her youthful relatives. It was a matter of creed with her. But in spite of this fact she was very fussy over the young fish, and gave them a great deal of what Sammy considered tiresome advice.
“There is safety in numbers,” was her favorite saying.  Dreadful things always happen to young fish if they start out by themselves, they get eaten by sharks, or caught by those awful two-legged monsters on land, and the devil-fish is always on the lookout for them.”
“But,” Sammy would protest, “you have always said that some of the most terrible experiences you ever had came when you were with a lot of others. That time you were nearly speared going up the rapids you were in a school, and when you were caught in the net and it broke—”
“It wouldn’t have broken if there hadn’t been a school of fish in it,” interrupted his aunt, tartly. “That just proves what I say; the weight of so many made the hole, and so I escaped.
“The only time when I came near getting caught was once when I was alone and got a hook in my gills. My! it was terrible! I ought to have known better, but I was very hungry that morning, and when I saw that beautiful fly hanging over the water—”
But Sammy had heard this story many times before, and was tired of the conversation.
“I don’t want to wait any longer for these lazy brothers and sisters of mine to get ready,” he said crossly. “Besides, if I did go in a school, I might get speared, or caught so that the rest could get away, and that would not suit me a bit. I’d rather risk the flies.”
“You are an impertinent young fish,” said Aunt Sheen, and she retired under her favorite rock in a rage.
That night when everything was very still, and all the world seemed asleep, alone and unobserved Sammy swam quietly down stream and started alone on his wanderings.
It was a lovely moonlight night, and only the faint sighing of the wind in the pine-trees broke the silence.
On and on swam Sammy following the stream as it twisted and turned now in the shadow, now in the moonlight. Now it flowed along straight and smooth with scarcely a ripple, its banks sweet with dew-soaked wild flowers, and now it dashed against a huge rock which partly blocked its path, or glided swiftly over shallow rapids.
All night long Sammy kept on his way, and all the time he felt that he was gradually going down, down, down, as the stream crept towards the sea.
The next morning he found himself in a strange country. The little stream down which he had been traveling had become a river. There were houses here and there on the shores, cultivated fields and pasture-lands, and in some places cattle browsed on the banks, or stood knee-deep in the water.
The strange sights and sounds filled Sammy with awe, and something like fear. He kept carefully in deep water and occasionally hid under a rock when he saw a big, strange fish approaching, for he knew that large fish often ate smaller ones.
Once in a while he stopped to ask a question of some brother salmon as to the right way to go, but the answer was always, “Follow the river and you can’t go wrong,” and follow the river he did.
When noon came he was fortunate enough to catch several fat flies, which made a delicious meal. Then he rested and dozed for a time in the shade of the bank, after which, feeling much refreshed, he started again on his journey.
For a day or so he traveled on, stopping only for a little rest and food, and getting more and more eager and excited all the time as he neared his destination.
Once the journey came near having an untimely ending for, unheeding Aunt Sheen’s caution as to strange flies, he leaped eagerly at a particularly beautiful one poised over his head. Fortunately for our hero a strong puff of wind blew the fly aside at that moment, but not before the cruel hook which was concealed in it had grazed his tender mouth.
A good deal scared by his adventure, and feeling much less self-confident, Sammy swam away, resolved to avoid all suspicious insects in the future. He had several other narrow escapes at this stage of his journey, but they are not important enough to mention here.
But always as he journeyed on the river grew wider and wider, deeper and deeper. Strange dark shapes passed over his head, strange fish swam past him, the banks seemed very far away, and the currents were strong and hard to swim against.
For quite a while there had been a new and delightfully salt taste and smell to the water, it became stronger and stronger as he went on; then there was a roar of breakers along the shores, and the swift tide swept Sammy away from the river’s mouth, and out into the vast ocean.


|<---->| Cannot view, screen to narrow, please revisit on a wider device.
Uses user and server from above to find out remotestorageHref — the location of user's storage. This is webfinger, no need for token. This endpoint format is per draft-dejong spec.
Discovery endpoint; look in the log (upper right pane). Provides webfinger resource template for the server called. In this app it's just informational, the GET /.well-known/webfinger above is used as it is per draft-dejong spec; no need discover endpoint template.
Discovery endpoint; look in the log (upper right pane). Provides auth URL for a user. Provides storage resources template; note that {category} placeholder is scope in this app. This endpoint is just informational, use GET /.well-known/webfinger above to get these values as per draft-dejong spec.
Goes to OAuth2 login page to provide password. Use GET /.well-known/webfinger above to populate values below. After providing credentials you will be redirected back here.
Note that the widget does this for you: this is the step where the widget takes you to the server for a login if your token is invalid.
Submits credentials directly from this form. Just for testing; don't write your login pages this way. Use the login page served by the server as per GOTO authDialogUrl (and redirect back) above.
Note that the widget does this for you: this is the form submission from the server login called by the widget.
HTTP calls to the server for /storage.
Use widget or GOTO authDialogUrl (and redirect back) (above) to retrieve the token.
Use GET /.well-known/webfinger above to get remotestorageHref.
The etags versioning list is a list of etags separated with spaces. Grab valid etags from the log-pane output after successful operations.
Versioning If-Match is useful with PUT to prevent overwriting data unless etag matches: overwrite only if etag matches the ones listed in etags versioning list.
Versioning If-None-Match is useful with GET to prevent retrieval of same etag: retrieve only if different etag from the ones listed in etags versioning list.
remoteStorage.js abstracted API calls to the server.
Use widget or GOTO authDialogUrl (and redirect back) (above) to retrieve the token.
All API calls other than getListing(..) require a path.
The storeFile(..) API call requires data to be filled in.
Check log-pane for results.


Importing and processing data can take up a fair amount of resources on your server. When your data source is a file, the larger the file and the more complex its structure, the more resources will be used up. Because of this, there might be a limit to how large of a CSV, JSON, or XML file your server might be able to import using the Importer module. The resource most likely to be used up is the amount of memory allocated to PHP. We have a couple tips to increase this limit.
Dynamic Memory Increasing
First, Importer has a built in method that will dynamically attempt to increase the memory allocated to PHP during the import, if it detects that the import is about to use up the available memory. The maximum limit that Importer will attempt to raise the allocated memory to is 500MB, which is to insure that importing does not cause problems with your server. The increase is temporary and will only last the length of the import. This feature will only work on servers that allow it and will happen seamlessly behind the scenes. It will not guarantee that large imports will perform flawlessly, but it should help.
Increasing Memory in .htaccess
Some hosts will allow you to increase the PHP memory limit in your .htaccess file. Check with your host first and insure this is allowed. Also, see if there is a maximum limit they recommend. Other people may be hosted on your server and it would be inappropriate to continually use up large chunks of memory.
If this is allowed, it is a rather simple. Simply add this to the top of your .htaccess file:
php_value memory_limit 256M
You can see your current memory limit by looking in the Tools => Utilities => PHP Info section of the ExpressionEngine CP. Do a quick search for memory_limit and you should locate it. NOTE: The M on the end stands for MB. Insure you use M though as PHP will not recognize MB.
Increasing Memory in php.ini
If you are hosting your own server or are in control of your own server, you likely can modify the php.ini file, which controls all of PHP's default configuration options. You can find its location by looking at the Tools => Utilities => PHP Info section of the ExpressionEngine CP. Again, talk with your server administrator before modifying any values in this file.
To modify the memory limit, do a search for memory_limit and modify the value. If there is a hash (#) before the line, you will have to remove it. Once you make the change and save the file, you will have to restart Apache to have the change take effect.


We are so excited to welcome family & friends to campus for Family Weekend 2019! Dates to be announced soon! There will be signature events throughout the weekend and many more that families can choose to attend.
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This generator serves to create an instance of an interface. Its methods won’t be implemented.
In fact, this generator tool is rather a generator (at compile time) of a generator (at runtime) of byte code of classes that implement a given interface.
Ensure to add the following build plugin to your POM :
<plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <id>compile-generated</id> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>compile</goal> </goals> <configuration> <compilerArgument>-proc:none</compilerArgument> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
Then get an instance of ByteCodeFactory :
@ByteCodeSpec private static ByteCodeFactory BYTECODE_FACTORY = ByteCodeFactory .getInstance("ml.alternet.util.ByteCodeFactory$"); // exist after code generation
or :
@ByteCodeSpec(factoryClassName="FooFactory$", factoryPkg="org.acme.bytecode", parentClass=SomeClass.class, singletonName="FOO_INSTANCE", template="/org/acme/bytecode/FooFactory$.java.template") private static ByteCodeFactory BYTECODE_FACTORY = ByteCodeFactory .getInstance("org.acme.bytecode.FooFactory$"); // exist after code generation
Then, given an interface SomeInterface, we can get an instance of that interface, despite no known implementation is available (or if the interface class is in a variable) :
SomeInterface instance = BYTECODE_FACTORY.newInstance(SomeInterface.class);
The underlying class of this instance doesn’t implement the methods, if any, of the interface.
We can also get the singleton :
SomeInterface instance = BYTECODE_FACTORY.getInstance(SomeInterface.class);
The singleton has the name given by the value singletonName of the annotation @ByteCodeSpec. That annotation can also specify a parentClass (must have a zero argument constructor), which can be abstract. A template can be used to generate the Java code.
More or less, the result is the same as what you would get by writing :
SomeInterface instance = new SomeInterface() { // but you must have all the methods implemented here };
Therefore, this generator is just a convenient shortcut for getting such instances.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: 'PipelineTesting: Pre-built Pipelines and Messages' author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 108 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2007/07/pipelinetestingprebuiltpipelinesandmessages date: '2007-07-25 06:24:51 +0000' date_gmt: '2007-07-25 06:24:51 +0000' categories: - BizTalk tags: [] comments: [] ---
Here are some more syntax examples for the new library version:
3. Using pre-built pipelines:
If you have existing, already compiled, BizTalk pipelines, I currently have two options for using them:
ReceivePipelineWrapper pipeline = Pipelines.NewReceive(typeof(MyPipeline));
Or:
ReceivePipelineWrapper pipeline = Pipelines.NewReceive();
4. Adding Document Specifications:
It's also important to add any necessary document specifications (schemas) to the pipeline before executing it so that disassembler and assembler components can find them. This is now possible as well during construction:
SendPipelineWrapper pipeline = Pipelines.NewReceive()
.AddAssembler(new XmlAsmComp())
.WithSpec()
.End();
One thing I'm not quite sure about here is with the standard XML pipelines and prebuilt pipelines. For them, the current factory methods in the Pipelines class don't return a builder object (like the one returned by the empty NewReceive() and NewSend() methods I introduced last time), so if you want to add known document specifications to those, you still need to use the old AddDocSpec() method in the ReceivePipelineWrapper and SendPipelineWrapper classes. It's not much more complexity, but the asymmetry makes me dislike it a bit.
So I'll probably be changing the code so that all pipeline creation methods return builder objects and not the actual pipeline objects. Any objections?
5. Executing Send Pipelines:
One annoying part of the current API is that when executing Send pipelines you need to explicitly create a MessageCollection instance, add your input messages to it and then call Execute() with it. Not too bad, but inconvenient if you only have one or two messages (which is most of the time).
I thought about several possible syntaxes to simplify this, but in the end decided to do the simplest fix: I added a new overload to SendPipelineWrapper.Execute() that has a params array of IBaseMessage instances. So you can now do this:
IBaseMessage output = pipeline.Execute(message1, message2);
Simple, but effective!


--- title: "BOTANY FOR ARTISTS" date: "2000-01-01 19:09:23 -06:00" categories: - adult - eh subtitle: "" layout: "events" event-image: "botany-for-artists.jpg" event-dates: "SEPTEMBER 23 - OCTOBER 7" event-location: "Red Butte Garden Classroom" button-type: "register" tickets-link: "https://55218.blackbaudhosting.com/55218/Botany-for-Artists-23Sep2019" registration-info: "" instructor-info: "Mary Jo Tedesco" member-cost: "$180" public-cost: "$225" event-notes: "" tickets-button: "" published: false ---
“If you can see it, you can draw it. If you draw it, you will see it.”
MONDAYS, SEPTEMBER 23, 30 & OCTOBER 7, @ 6-9PM, & SATURDAYS, SEPTEMBER 28 & OCTOBER 5 @ 9:30AM-3PM
REGISTRATION REQUIRED
In this class you will learn to keenly observe the intricate details and functions of plant parts as we work in the classroom and also explore the Garden. You will dissect plant parts, learn plant taxonomy (classification), and draw your observations. This class is designed for all artists, novice to expert, who want to increase their knowledge of the amazing world of plants so that they can more skillfully create realistic botanical art and illustrations.


Untitled, Just Writing What I Feel Like to Write
um… kind of feel down today and i just don’t know why.
lol this semester is about to finish, and i don’t know if i meet my goal that i had for this semester. no ! i know i am far away meet my goal this semester, i kind of feel frustrated about myself. didn’t do i write any popular stuffs , btw i mean the ‘DBCI’ here, even thought there’s a few people who like it and found it interesting , anyway, i will NOT give up on my first project before i know how far / bigger it will get. i decided to REFINE during my vacation.
i came up with a great idea several days ago, and i found my partner. so we decide to lunch this project right after we finished our exams. hopefully, my second project will do better. and i think, at least i wanna that stuff, and there is a lot of people out there who can not write codes, will need that too.
i had been put my most attentions on programming and internship lately, besides those stuff i really really had a very great time with a new girl i met here, and she is the most AWESOME 18-year-old girl i know, even thought she doesn’t like to go to cinema or play billiards. i don’t know weather i will find someone else to hang out with when i just wanna see a movie or something when i have chance. i really really don’t know that either. oh, by the way, she is gonna learn some C skills to take a exam, i think i somehow ‘encourage’ her a little bit to do so. anyway, hope she will find something interesting / beautiful in C , during the learning process.
i talked a lot with my friends lately, i found that the older i get, the more i needs them and i feel very lucky to have them around, especially right now when i feel down, my best friend , still out there chatting with me, while i am writing this post.
i think i am kinda weird guy, i somehow will think a lot about the girl i hang out with recently, but when we lost touch one day and several days goes by. i might just forget about her and start to looking for new one.
i just don’t know what i am looking for.


The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is a federal agency dedicated to ensuring that markets for consumer financial products and services are fair, transparent, and competitive. To support this mission, technologists at the CFPB build external resources for the public and internal tools to help the Bureau run more efficiently.
A Django project for protecting American consumers.
Online platform for financial institutions to maintain, report, and publicly disclose information about mortgages.
View, sort, and analyze thousands of complaints. Download the data or build on it using our API.
An open-source resource intended to help teams at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) produce consistent, effective, and accessible products for the American public.
Allows users to toggle functionality in both Django code and the Django templates based on configurable conditions.
Lets users search pages in their Wagtail site by the StreamField block types they contain.
Our mission demands smart, usable, and reliable technology. Come serve consumers by helping us design and build it.
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--- layout: layout title: "Research Overview" ---
Dibya Ghosh, Abhishek Gupta, Sergey Levine
NeurIPS Deep RL Workshop 2018
| ArXiv | Website |
In this paper, we present ARCs, a representation learning algorithm which attempts to optimize functionally relevant elements of state. ARCs relate distance between states in latent space with the actions required to reach the state, which implicitly captures system dynamics and ignores uncontrollable factors. ARCs are useful for exploration, features for policies, and for developing hierarchies.
Justin Fu*, Avi Singh*, Dibya Ghosh, Larry Yang, Sergey Levine
NeurIPS 2018
| ArXiv | Website |
In this paper, we present VICE, a method which generalizes inverse optimal control to learning reward functions from goal examples. By requiring only goal examples, and not demonstration trajectories, VICE is well suited for real-world robotics tasks, in which reward specification is difficult.
Dibya Ghosh, Avi Singh, Aravind Rajeswaran, Vikash Kumar, Sergey Levine
ICLR 2018.
| ArXiv | Website | Code |
In this paper, we present a method for scaling model-free deep reinforcement learning methods to tasks with high stochasticity in initial state and task distributions. We demonstrate our method on a suite of challenging sparse-reward manipulation tasks that were unsolved by prior work.


From:Smith Gary To:Geaccone Tracy ; Leschber Edie Sent:2017-01-11T04:37:30.0000000Z Subject:RE: ENA Allocations to Othe BUs - Plan 2002
Tracy,
There is a team in Enron Wholesale Services Human Resources which is dedicated to PEP/PRC design and administration. The Human Resources charge of $200K to ETS is an allocation of the PEP/PRC team's cost.
Gary
-----Original Message-----
From: Geaccone, Tracy
Sent: Wednesday, September 19, 2001 6:32 PM
To: Leschber, Edie; Smith, Gary
Cc: Botello, Mary
Subject: RE: ENA Allocations to Othe BUs - Plan 2002
I need to understand what services you are providing and to what group within ETS.
Thanks
Tracy Geaccone
-----Original Message-----
From: Leschber, Edie
Sent: Wednesday, September 19, 2001 3:42 PM
To: Geaccone, Tracy; Smith, Gary
Subject: ENA Allocations to Othe BUs - Plan 2002
Attached please find a schedule of planned allocations from ENA to other Business units. Please review those allocations to your business unit (ETS) and provide positive confirmation of your agreement.
Thank you,
Edie Leschber
ENA Financial Operations
X30669
<< File: EA Allocations to Other BUs-9.19.01.xls >>
***********
EDRM Enron Email Data Set has been produced in EML, PST and NSF format by ZL Technologies, Inc. This Data Set is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/> . To provide attribution, please cite to "ZL Technologies, Inc. (http://www.zlti.com)."
***********
California


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # How to Make the Best of Excel ### Peter Higgins ### 2021-01-27 --- # Excel is Easy .pull-left[ Just open it up and type in your data! ![](https://media.giphy.com/media/hOzfvZynn9AK4/giphy.gif) ] -- .pull-right[ But that doesn't produce
 good outcomes.  ] --- # Excel is Everywhere .pull-left[ Designed to help small businesses.
 It can do:
 - Data Entry - Database - Calculations - Data Visualization
 All in one!  ] -- .pull-right[ But it is not **great** at any of these.
 So it might not be the right tool for _your_ job.  ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # What Kinds of Tools Do You _Actually_ Need for Medical Research Data Management? --- # The Wish List - Data Entry - Hard to over-write data by mistake - Data Validation (type, range) - Data Security (PHI) - Good for Collaboration (audit trail) - Easy to Analyze - Data Analysis is Reproducible - Errors are Obvious & Easy to Detect --- # The Reality - Excel is designed for small data (small businesses) and it does not scale well - it fails with big data - Excel is filled with compromises - It is very easy to over-write data - You can type anything into a cell (wrong data type, typos) - It is very easy to over-write formulas - Formulas are hidden (good for printing, bad for checking) - Structure encourages very wide data (left-to-right) - but is actually designed for very tall data
 (16,384 columns, 1 million+ rows maximum) - Many tools on the web to open pwd-protected Excel files - Excel fails *silently* --- # The Horror Stories - In 2020, the UK COVID tracing program "lost" tens of thousands of COVID cases when Excel ran out of columns each day. - Someone eventually noticed exactly 16,384 cases **every** day. -- - 88% of forensically examined business spreadsheets contain errors. - More than 20% of gene datasets submitted with scientific datasets contain errors. -- - Silent miscalculation in a spreadsheet in 2012 led to loss of > 2B dollars by JP Morgan - an error from manual point-and-click manipulation of spreadsheets. -- - Excel so often "helpfully" renames human gene names as dates that in 2020, the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee chose to rename 27 genes because Excel was unfixable. -- - There is a whole website and annual conference devoted to spreadsheet horror stories and associated business risks.
 http://www.eusprig.org/horror-stories.htm --- # The Alternatives - Secure Data Entry with REDCap - free, universal, HIPAA-compliant, backed up - but learning curve ! - free learning resources - invest in yourself and your career  --- class: inverse # The Alternatives - Data Analysis - R - Graphics - R - Reporting - R with open-source languages like R for free - but learning curve ! - free learning resources - invest in yourself and your career


geex
vignettes/v03_root_solvers.Rmd
v03_root_solvers.Rmd
rootFUN
By default, geex
uses the rootSolve::multiroot
function for finding roots of a set of estimating equations when
compute_roots = TRUE
in m_estimate()
. However,
a user can choose a different root find find algorithm via the
root_control
argument.
For example, consider the following estFUN
which is
Huber’s estimator for the center of symmetric distributions [@stefanski2002; example 6]. This example was
chosen because it has a single root, so that the
stats::uniroot
function can be used to find the roots.
myefun <- function(data, k = 1.5){
function(theta){
x <- data$Y1 - theta[1]
if(abs(x) <= k) x else sign(x) * k
}
}
Internally, estFUN
is used to build \(G_m = \sum_{i = 1}^m \psi(O_i, \theta)\) or
in psuedo-code f = sum(inner_estFUN(theta))
. f
is passed to the root finding function along with options in the
root_control
arguments. For example, multiroot
requires f
and start
(starting values for the
algorithm:
multiroot_results <- m_estimate(
estFUN = myefun,
data = geexex,
root_control = setup_root_control(start = 3))
The stats::uniroot
function, however, requires the
arguments f
and interval
(or
lower
and upper
)
uniroot_results <- m_estimate(
estFUN = myefun,
data = geexex,
root_control = setup_root_control(stats::uniroot, interval = c(0, 10)))
Comparing results:
## [1] 6.244845e-07
They are basically the same, but this may not be true depending
f
and the options given to the root finder.
All that is necessary for rootFUN
is a function
where:
rootFUN_object
argument in
m_estimate
. For example, both uniroot
and
multiroot
return a list where the root estimates are in the
item named “roots”. The default is
rootFUN_object = 'roots'
, so this option works for both
uniroot
and multiroot
.


The Happy Helpers
Evan Slaton
Formerly a technical recruiter, while recruiting for a web developer position I discovered that web development offers the opportunity to create something that effects meaningful change and solve complex problems. After spending a few months studying and working on a few projects on my own, I decided that this was the career path I wanted to take and relocated to Seattle to join one of the most talented tech communities in the world. I enrolled in Code Fellows to make sure that I had the best start possible and have since been building upon the strong communication, interpersonal and prioritization skills I gained as a recruiter. My ultimate goal is simple, as part of a well-oiled team I want to build web applications that make our users’ lives easier.
Jack Teasell
I am a software developer, I am very fortunate to have spent time travelling and living all around the world, giving me a much more different experience than most people. Right now I just got out of my first year at Montana State University studying computer science. Going to University wasn't what I was used to, taking a traditional path of education was the exact opposite of what my life growing up was like. So I decided to take this path, growing as a software developer, creating projects and products that can make someone's life easier, building them from the ground up is what I love doing and I hope I never stop.
LJ Jolley
I love working together in a group towards a big picture and helping teams stay focused and productive towards a common objective. I bring a passion for continuous improvement and learning as someone who is constantly experimenting with changing my own behaviors but also as a certified behavior change coach.
Timothy Li
Formerly a salesman working for the insurance industry, I was encouraged to learn programming by my brother-in-law. At first I found coding to be scary and a bit daunting, then I realized that coding can be quiet enjoyable. Convinced by my brother-in-law's work life balance and his fulfillment from his career, I made the leap of faith and quit my career. I eventually developed a passion for coding and find messing around with different logic strings to be amusing. My goal is to continue to grow my passion for coding and eventually develop my own application so I can showcase my creativity.


| defaultPngDevice {htmltools} | R Documentation |
Returns the best PNG-based graphics device for your system, in the opinion of
the htmltools
maintainers. On Mac,
grDevices::png()
is used; on all other
platforms, either ragg::agg_png()
or
Cairo::CairoPNG()
are used if their packages
are installed. Otherwise, grDevices::png()
is
used.
defaultPngDevice()
A graphics device function.


According to Wikipedia, Mario is a video game, fictional character that was created by a Shigeru Miyamoto of the company known as Nintendo. This popular, video game character is known world wide and has appeared in over two hundred video games thus far. The Mario character description is said to be a "pudgy and short Italian plumber", living in the Mushroom Kingdom where he ventures toward rescue missions involving a Princess Peach from a villian named "the Koopa Bowser". This character also has a sidekick who happens to be his younger brother known as "Luigi".