AWS::S3::Bucket
The AWS::S3::Bucket
resource creates an Amazon S3 bucket in the same AWS Region where you create the AWS CloudFormation stack.
To control how AWS CloudFormation handles the bucket when the stack is deleted, you can set a deletion policy for your bucket. You can choose to retain the bucket or to delete the bucket. For more information, see DeletionPolicy Attribute.
You can only delete empty buckets. Deletion fails for buckets that have contents.
Syntax
To declare this entity in your AWS CloudFormation template, use the following syntax:
JSON
{ "Type" : "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties" : { "AccelerateConfiguration" :
AccelerateConfiguration
, "AccessControl" :String
, "AnalyticsConfigurations" :[ AnalyticsConfiguration, ... ]
, "BucketEncryption" :BucketEncryption
, "BucketName" :String
, "CorsConfiguration" :CorsConfiguration
, "IntelligentTieringConfigurations" :[ IntelligentTieringConfiguration, ... ]
, "InventoryConfigurations" :[ InventoryConfiguration, ... ]
, "LifecycleConfiguration" :LifecycleConfiguration
, "LoggingConfiguration" :LoggingConfiguration
, "MetricsConfigurations" :[ MetricsConfiguration, ... ]
, "NotificationConfiguration" :NotificationConfiguration
, "ObjectLockConfiguration" :ObjectLockConfiguration
, "ObjectLockEnabled" :Boolean
, "OwnershipControls" :OwnershipControls
, "PublicAccessBlockConfiguration" :PublicAccessBlockConfiguration
, "ReplicationConfiguration" :ReplicationConfiguration
, "Tags" :[ Tag, ... ]
, "VersioningConfiguration" :VersioningConfiguration
, "WebsiteConfiguration" :WebsiteConfiguration
} }
YAML
Type: AWS::S3::Bucket Properties: AccelerateConfiguration:
AccelerateConfiguration
AccessControl:String
AnalyticsConfigurations:- AnalyticsConfiguration
BucketEncryption:BucketEncryption
BucketName:String
CorsConfiguration:CorsConfiguration
IntelligentTieringConfigurations:- IntelligentTieringConfiguration
InventoryConfigurations:- InventoryConfiguration
LifecycleConfiguration:LifecycleConfiguration
LoggingConfiguration:LoggingConfiguration
MetricsConfigurations:- MetricsConfiguration
NotificationConfiguration:NotificationConfiguration
ObjectLockConfiguration:ObjectLockConfiguration
ObjectLockEnabled:Boolean
OwnershipControls:OwnershipControls
PublicAccessBlockConfiguration:PublicAccessBlockConfiguration
ReplicationConfiguration:ReplicationConfiguration
Tags:- Tag
VersioningConfiguration:VersioningConfiguration
WebsiteConfiguration:WebsiteConfiguration
Properties
AccelerateConfiguration
-
Configures the transfer acceleration state for an Amazon S3 bucket. For more information, see Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Required: No
Type: AccelerateConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
AccessControl
-
A canned access control list (ACL) that grants predefined permissions to the bucket. For more information about canned ACLs, see Canned ACL in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Be aware that the syntax for this property differs from the information provided in the Amazon S3 User Guide. The AccessControl property is case-sensitive and must be one of the following values: Private, PublicRead, PublicReadWrite, AuthenticatedRead, LogDeliveryWrite, BucketOwnerRead, BucketOwnerFullControl, or AwsExecRead.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
AnalyticsConfigurations
-
Specifies the configuration and any analyses for the analytics filter of an Amazon S3 bucket.
Required: No
Type: List of AnalyticsConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
BucketEncryption
-
Specifies default encryption for a bucket using server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed keys (SSE-S3) or AWS KMS-managed keys (SSE-KMS) bucket. For information about the Amazon S3 default encryption feature, see Amazon S3 Default Encryption for S3 Buckets in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Required: No
Type: BucketEncryption
Update requires: No interruption
BucketName
-
A name for the bucket. If you don't specify a name, AWS CloudFormation generates a unique ID and uses that ID for the bucket name. The bucket name must contain only lowercase letters, numbers, periods (.), and dashes (-) and must follow Amazon S3 bucket restrictions and limitations. For more information, see Rules for naming Amazon S3 buckets in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Important If you specify a name, you can't perform updates that require replacement of this resource. You can perform updates that require no or some interruption. If you need to replace the resource, specify a new name.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: Replacement
CorsConfiguration
-
Describes the cross-origin access configuration for objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. For more information, see Enabling Cross-Origin Resource Sharing in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Required: No
Type: CorsConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
IntelligentTieringConfigurations
-
Defines how Amazon S3 handles Intelligent-Tiering storage.
Required: No
Type: List of IntelligentTieringConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
InventoryConfigurations
-
Specifies the inventory configuration for an Amazon S3 bucket. For more information, see GET Bucket inventory in the Amazon S3 API Reference.
Required: No
Type: List of InventoryConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
LifecycleConfiguration
-
Specifies the lifecycle configuration for objects in an Amazon S3 bucket. For more information, see Object Lifecycle Management in the Amazon S3 User Guide.
Required: No
Type: LifecycleConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
LoggingConfiguration
-
Settings that define where logs are stored.
Required: No
Type: LoggingConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
MetricsConfigurations
-
Specifies a metrics configuration for the CloudWatch request metrics (specified by the metrics configuration ID) from an Amazon S3 bucket. If you're updating an existing metrics configuration, note that this is a full replacement of the existing metrics configuration. If you don't include the elements you want to keep, they are erased. For more information, see PutBucketMetricsConfiguration.
Required: No
Type: List of MetricsConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
NotificationConfiguration
-
Configuration that defines how Amazon S3 handles bucket notifications.
Required: No
Type: NotificationConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
ObjectLockConfiguration
-
Places an Object Lock configuration on the specified bucket. The rule specified in the Object Lock configuration will be applied by default to every new object placed in the specified bucket. For more information, see Locking Objects.
Note -
The
DefaultRetention
settings require both a mode and a period. -
The
DefaultRetention
period can be eitherDays
orYears
but you must select one. You cannot specifyDays
andYears
at the same time. -
You can only enable Object Lock for new buckets. If you want to turn on Object Lock for an existing bucket, contact AWS Support.
Required: No
Type: ObjectLockConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
-
ObjectLockEnabled
-
Indicates whether this bucket has an Object Lock configuration enabled. Enable
ObjectLockEnabled
when you applyObjectLockConfiguration
to a bucket.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: Replacement
OwnershipControls
-
Configuration that defines how Amazon S3 handles Object Ownership rules.
Required: No
Type: OwnershipControls
Update requires: No interruption
PublicAccessBlockConfiguration
-
Configuration that defines how Amazon S3 handles public access.
Required: No
Type: PublicAccessBlockConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
ReplicationConfiguration
-
Configuration for replicating objects in an S3 bucket. To enable replication, you must also enable versioning by using the
VersioningConfiguration
property.Amazon S3 can store replicated objects in a single destination bucket or multiple destination buckets. The destination bucket or buckets must already exist.
Required: No
Type: ReplicationConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
Tags
-
An arbitrary set of tags (key-value pairs) for this S3 bucket.
Required: No
Type: List of Tag
Update requires: No interruption
VersioningConfiguration
-
Enables multiple versions of all objects in this bucket. You might enable versioning to prevent objects from being deleted or overwritten by mistake or to archive objects so that you can retrieve previous versions of them.
Required: No
Type: VersioningConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
WebsiteConfiguration
-
Information used to configure the bucket as a static website. For more information, see Hosting Websites on Amazon S3.
Required: No
Type: WebsiteConfiguration
Update requires: No interruption
Return values
Ref
When you pass the logical ID of this resource to the intrinsic Ref
function, Ref
returns the bucket name.
Example: DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET
For more information about using the Ref
function, see Ref.
Fn::GetAtt
The Fn::GetAtt
intrinsic function returns a value for a specified attribute of this type. The following are the available attributes and sample return values.
For more information about using the Fn::GetAtt
intrinsic function, see Fn::GetAtt.
Arn
-
Returns the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the specified bucket.
Example:
arn:aws:s3:::DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET
DomainName
-
Returns the IPv4 DNS name of the specified bucket.
Example:
DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET.s3.amazonaws.com
DualStackDomainName
-
Returns the IPv6 DNS name of the specified bucket.
Example:
DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET.s3.dualstack.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
For more information about dual-stack endpoints, see Using Amazon S3 Dual-Stack Endpoints.
RegionalDomainName
-
Returns the regional domain name of the specified bucket.
Example:
DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
WebsiteURL
-
Returns the Amazon S3 website endpoint for the specified bucket.
Example (IPv4):
http://DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET.s3-website.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
Example (IPv6):
http://DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET.s3.dualstack.us-east-2.amazonaws.com
Examples
Create an S3 bucket
The following example creates an S3 bucket with a Retain
deletion
policy.
JSON
{ "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "DeletionPolicy": "Retain", "Properties": { "BucketName": "DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET" } } } }
YAML
Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' DeletionPolicy: Retain Properties: BucketName: DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET
Associate a replication configuration IAM role with an S3 bucket
The following example creates an S3 bucket and grants it permission to write to a
replication bucket by using an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
role. To avoid a circular dependency, the role's policy is declared as a separate
resource. The bucket depends on the WorkItemBucketBackupRole
role. If the
policy is included in the role, the role also depends on the bucket.
JSON
{ "Resources": { "RecordServiceS3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "DeletionPolicy": "Retain", "Properties": { "ReplicationConfiguration": { "Role": { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "WorkItemBucketBackupRole", "Arn" ] }, "Rules": [ { "Destination": { "Bucket": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "arn:aws:s3:::", { "Fn::Join": [ "-", [ { "Ref": "AWS::Region" }, { "Ref": "AWS::StackName" }, "replicationbucket" ] ] } ] ] }, "StorageClass": "STANDARD" }, "Id": "Backup", "Prefix": "", "Status": "Enabled" } ] }, "VersioningConfiguration": { "Status": "Enabled" } } }, "WorkItemBucketBackupRole": { "Type": "AWS::IAM::Role", "Properties": { "AssumeRolePolicyDocument": { "Statement": [ { "Action": [ "sts:AssumeRole" ], "Effect": "Allow", "Principal": { "Service": [ "s3.amazonaws.com" ] } } ] } } }, "BucketBackupPolicy": { "Type": "AWS::IAM::Policy", "Properties": { "PolicyDocument": { "Statement": [ { "Action": [ "s3:GetReplicationConfiguration", "s3:ListBucket" ], "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": [ { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "arn:aws:s3:::", { "Ref": "RecordServiceS3Bucket" } ] ] } ] }, { "Action": [ "s3:GetObjectVersion", "s3:GetObjectVersionAcl" ], "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": [ { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "arn:aws:s3:::", { "Ref": "RecordServiceS3Bucket" }, "/*" ] ] } ] }, { "Action": [ "s3:ReplicateObject", "s3:ReplicateDelete" ], "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": [ { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "arn:aws:s3:::", { "Fn::Join": [ "-", [ { "Ref": "AWS::Region" }, { "Ref": "AWS::StackName" }, "replicationbucket" ] ] }, "/*" ] ] } ] } ] }, "PolicyName": "BucketBackupPolicy", "Roles": [ { "Ref": "WorkItemBucketBackupRole" } ] } } } }
YAML
Resources: RecordServiceS3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' DeletionPolicy: Retain Properties: ReplicationConfiguration: Role: !GetAtt - WorkItemBucketBackupRole - Arn Rules: - Destination: Bucket: !Join - '' - - 'arn:aws:s3:::' - !Join - '-' - - !Ref 'AWS::Region' - !Ref 'AWS::StackName' - replicationbucket StorageClass: STANDARD Id: Backup Prefix: '' Status: Enabled VersioningConfiguration: Status: Enabled WorkItemBucketBackupRole: Type: 'AWS::IAM::Role' Properties: AssumeRolePolicyDocument: Statement: - Action: - 'sts:AssumeRole' Effect: Allow Principal: Service: - s3.amazonaws.com BucketBackupPolicy: Type: 'AWS::IAM::Policy' Properties: PolicyDocument: Statement: - Action: - 's3:GetReplicationConfiguration' - 's3:ListBucket' Effect: Allow Resource: - !Join - '' - - 'arn:aws:s3:::' - !Ref RecordServiceS3Bucket - Action: - 's3:GetObjectVersion' - 's3:GetObjectVersionAcl' Effect: Allow Resource: - !Join - '' - - 'arn:aws:s3:::' - !Ref RecordServiceS3Bucket - /* - Action: - 's3:ReplicateObject' - 's3:ReplicateDelete' Effect: Allow Resource: - !Join - '' - - 'arn:aws:s3:::' - !Join - '-' - - !Ref 'AWS::Region' - !Ref 'AWS::StackName' - replicationbucket - /* PolicyName: BucketBackupPolicy Roles: - !Ref WorkItemBucketBackupRole
Configure a static website with a routing rule
In this example, AWS::S3::Bucket's Fn::GetAtt
values are used to provide
outputs. If an HTTP 404 error occurs, the routing rule redirects requests to an EC2
instance and inserts the object key prefix report-404/
in the redirect. For
example, if you request a page called ExamplePage.html
and it results in an
HTTP 404 error, the request is routed to a page called
report-404/ExamplePage.html
on the specified instance. For all other HTTP
error codes, error.html
is returned.
This example also specifies a metrics configuration called EntireBucket
that enables CloudWatch request metrics at the bucket level.
JSON
{ "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "PublicRead", "BucketName": "public-bucket", "MetricsConfigurations": [ { "Id": "EntireBucket" } ], "WebsiteConfiguration": { "IndexDocument": "index.html", "ErrorDocument": "error.html", "RoutingRules": [ { "RoutingRuleCondition": { "HttpErrorCodeReturnedEquals": "404", "KeyPrefixEquals": "out1/" }, "RedirectRule": { "HostName": "ec2-11-22-333-44.compute-1.amazonaws.com", "ReplaceKeyPrefixWith": "report-404/" } } ] } }, "DeletionPolicy": "Retain" } }, "Outputs": { "WebsiteURL": { "Value": { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "S3Bucket", "WebsiteURL" ] }, "Description": "URL for website hosted on S3" }, "S3BucketSecureURL": { "Value": { "Fn::Join": [ "", [ "https://", { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "S3Bucket", "DomainName" ] } ] ] }, "Description": "Name of S3 bucket to hold website content" } } }
YAML
Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: PublicRead BucketName: public-bucket MetricsConfigurations: - Id: EntireBucket WebsiteConfiguration: IndexDocument: index.html ErrorDocument: error.html RoutingRules: - RoutingRuleCondition: HttpErrorCodeReturnedEquals: '404' KeyPrefixEquals: out1/ RedirectRule: HostName: ec2-11-22-333-44.compute-1.amazonaws.com ReplaceKeyPrefixWith: report-404/ DeletionPolicy: Retain Outputs: WebsiteURL: Value: !GetAtt - S3Bucket - WebsiteURL Description: URL for website hosted on S3 S3BucketSecureURL: Value: !Join - '' - - 'https://' - !GetAtt - S3Bucket - DomainName Description: Name of S3 bucket to hold website content
Enable cross-origin resource sharing
The following example template shows a public S3 bucket with two cross-origin resource sharing rules.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "PublicRead", "CorsConfiguration": { "CorsRules": [ { "AllowedHeaders": [ "*" ], "AllowedMethods": [ "GET" ], "AllowedOrigins": [ "*" ], "ExposedHeaders": [ "Date" ], "Id": "myCORSRuleId1", "MaxAge": 3600 }, { "AllowedHeaders": [ "x-amz-*" ], "AllowedMethods": [ "DELETE" ], "AllowedOrigins": [ "http://www.example.com", "http://www.example.net" ], "ExposedHeaders": [ "Connection", "Server", "Date" ], "Id": "myCORSRuleId2", "MaxAge": 1800 } ] } } } }, "Outputs": { "BucketName": { "Value": { "Ref": "S3Bucket" }, "Description": "Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with CORS enabled." } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: PublicRead CorsConfiguration: CorsRules: - AllowedHeaders: - '*' AllowedMethods: - GET AllowedOrigins: - '*' ExposedHeaders: - Date Id: myCORSRuleId1 MaxAge: 3600 - AllowedHeaders: - x-amz-* AllowedMethods: - DELETE AllowedOrigins: - 'http://www.example.com' - 'http://www.example.net' ExposedHeaders: - Connection - Server - Date Id: myCORSRuleId2 MaxAge: 1800 Outputs: BucketName: Value: !Ref S3Bucket Description: Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with CORS enabled.
Manage the lifecycle for S3 objects
The following example template shows an S3 bucket with a lifecycle configuration rule.
The rule applies to all objects with the glacier
key prefix. The objects are
transitioned to Glacier after one day, and deleted after one year.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "Private", "LifecycleConfiguration": { "Rules": [ { "Id": "GlacierRule", "Prefix": "glacier", "Status": "Enabled", "ExpirationInDays": 365, "Transitions": [ { "TransitionInDays": 1, "StorageClass": "GLACIER" } ] } ] } } } }, "Outputs": { "BucketName": { "Value": { "Ref": "S3Bucket" }, "Description": "Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a lifecycle configuration." } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: Private LifecycleConfiguration: Rules: - Id: GlacierRule Prefix: glacier Status: Enabled ExpirationInDays: 365 Transitions: - TransitionInDays: 1 StorageClass: GLACIER Outputs: BucketName: Value: !Ref S3Bucket Description: Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a lifecycle configuration.
Log access requests for a specific S3 bucket
The following example template creates two S3 buckets. The LoggingBucket
bucket store the logs from the S3Bucket
bucket. To receive logs from the
S3Bucket
bucket, the logging bucket requires log delivery write
permissions.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "Private", "LoggingConfiguration": { "DestinationBucketName": { "Ref": "LoggingBucket" }, "LogFilePrefix": "testing-logs" } } }, "LoggingBucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "LogDeliveryWrite" } } }, "Outputs": { "BucketName": { "Value": { "Ref": "S3Bucket" }, "Description": "Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a logging configuration." } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: Private LoggingConfiguration: DestinationBucketName: !Ref LoggingBucket LogFilePrefix: testing-logs LoggingBucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: LogDeliveryWrite Outputs: BucketName: Value: !Ref S3Bucket Description: Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a logging configuration.
Receive S3 bucket notifications to an SNS topic
The following example template shows an Amazon S3 bucket with a notification configuration that sends an event to the specified SNS topic when S3 has lost all replicas of an object.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AccessControl": "Private", "NotificationConfiguration": { "TopicConfigurations": [ { "Topic": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:TestTopic", "Event": "s3:ReducedRedundancyLostObject" } ] } } } }, "Outputs": { "BucketName": { "Value": { "Ref": "S3Bucket" }, "Description": "Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a notification configuration." } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AccessControl: Private NotificationConfiguration: TopicConfigurations: - Topic: 'arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:TestTopic' Event: 's3:ReducedRedundancyLostObject' Outputs: BucketName: Value: !Ref S3Bucket Description: Name of the sample Amazon S3 bucket with a notification configuration.
Enable versioning and replicate objects
The following example enables versioning and two replication rules. The rules copy
objects prefixed with either MyPrefix
and MyOtherPrefix
and
stores the copied objects in a bucket named my-replication-bucket
.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Resources": { "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "VersioningConfiguration": { "Status": "Enabled" }, "ReplicationConfiguration": { "Role": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/replication_role", "Rules": [ { "Id": "MyRule1", "Status": "Enabled", "Prefix": "MyPrefix", "Destination": { "Bucket": "arn:aws:s3:::my-replication-bucket", "StorageClass": "STANDARD" } }, { "Status": "Enabled", "Prefix": "MyOtherPrefix", "Destination": { "Bucket": "arn:aws:s3:::my-replication-bucket" } } ] } } } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Resources: S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: VersioningConfiguration: Status: Enabled ReplicationConfiguration: Role: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/replication_role' Rules: - Id: MyRule1 Status: Enabled Prefix: MyPrefix Destination: Bucket: 'arn:aws:s3:::my-replication-bucket' StorageClass: STANDARD - Status: Enabled Prefix: MyOtherPrefix Destination: Bucket: 'arn:aws:s3:::my-replication-bucket'
Specify analytics and inventory configurations for an S3 bucket
The following example specifies analytics and inventory results to be generated for an S3 bucket, including the format of the results and the destination bucket. The inventory list generates reports weekly and includes the current version of each object.
JSON
{ "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09", "Description": "S3 Bucket with Inventory and Analytics Configurations", "Resources": { "Helper": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket" }, "S3Bucket": { "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket", "Properties": { "AnalyticsConfigurations": [ { "Id": "AnalyticsConfigurationId", "StorageClassAnalysis": { "DataExport": { "Destination": { "BucketArn": { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "Helper", "Arn" ] }, "Format": "CSV", "Prefix": "AnalyticsDestinationPrefix" }, "OutputSchemaVersion": "V_1" } }, "Prefix": "AnalyticsConfigurationPrefix", "TagFilters": [ { "Key": "AnalyticsTagKey", "Value": "AnalyticsTagValue" } ] } ], "InventoryConfigurations": [ { "Id": "InventoryConfigurationId", "Destination": { "BucketArn": { "Fn::GetAtt": [ "Helper", "Arn" ] }, "Format": "CSV", "Prefix": "InventoryDestinationPrefix" }, "Enabled": true, "IncludedObjectVersions": "Current", "Prefix": "InventoryConfigurationPrefix", "ScheduleFrequency": "Weekly" } ] } } } }
YAML
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09 Description: S3 Bucket with Inventory and Analytics Configurations Resources: Helper: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' S3Bucket: Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket' Properties: AnalyticsConfigurations: - Id: AnalyticsConfigurationId StorageClassAnalysis: DataExport: Destination: BucketArn: !GetAtt - Helper - Arn Format: CSV Prefix: AnalyticsDestinationPrefix OutputSchemaVersion: V_1 Prefix: AnalyticsConfigurationPrefix TagFilters: - Key: AnalyticsTagKey Value: AnalyticsTagValue InventoryConfigurations: - Id: InventoryConfigurationId Destination: BucketArn: !GetAtt - Helper - Arn Format: CSV Prefix: InventoryDestinationPrefix Enabled: true IncludedObjectVersions: Current Prefix: InventoryConfigurationPrefix ScheduleFrequency: Weekly


An Elcano vehicle is a tadpole tricycle. The powered rear wheel does not need a differential. Ackerrman steering is used on the front wheels. All software should be usable with varying values for vehicle weight and geometry. The typical electrathon vehicle fits into the Elcano class. An Elcano vehicle must be electrically powered, but there is no restriction on battery chemistry, voltage or weight. If an Elcano vehicle carries a passenger, that person is not allowed to exercise any control other than activating the emergency stop. Note that current (2011) SRS Robo-Magellan (http://www.robothon.org/robothon/robo-magellan.php ) rules restrict vehicle loaded weight to 50 pounds (23 kg) and require that the vehicle fit within a cube 4 feet (1.1 m) on an edge.
There are separate power sources for traction motor power and electronics power. Applying the E-stop may remove traction motor power. Any system relying on a powered motor must go to a safe state when there is no power.
Elcano #1 is located in Seattle, Washington, USA. The chassis is a Catrike Dash (http://www.catrike.com/catrike_dash.html) with mast, pedals, seat, chain, derailleur, etc removed. The rear wheel has been replaced by a Pedalgreen 16” wheel with hub motor. (http://pedalgreen.net/ ) We use Li-ion batteries. The vehicle meets Robo-Magellan size and weight limits.
Computation is performed on micro-controllers organized in a modified subsumption architecture. Classic subsumption architecture is based on behaviors implemented on distributed micro-controllers, each of which reads information from a sensor and sends its reaction to an actuator. The preferred micro-controller is the Arduino (http://www.arduino.cc/ ). Code is written in C or C++. All systems must be designed to fail in a safe state.
A1: Traction (Drive) Motor. Controls motor on
rear wheel.
Input: Signal from motor controller (C1)
A2: Brake Motor. Brake Motor. Controls disk
brakes on left and right front wheels. Brakes are mechanically linked
to operate in tandem. Brakes are normally ON; an active signal is
required to release them.
Input: Signal from motor controller (C1)
A3: Steering Motor. Turns left or right. If no
signal, wheels are locked to a straight ahead position.
Input:
Signal from motor controller (C1)
Most sensors go to the Navigator module (C6). Sensor output may be mediated by a dedicated controller before being sent to the Navigator. Some sensors (e.g. S5) are virtual.
S1: Wheel Odometry. A magnetic pickup sends a signal for each revolution of the wheel. If finer resolution is required, there may be several magnets on the rim. Goes to C1, C6.
S2: Angle of front wheels. Goes to C1.
S3: Digital Compass.
S4: Smart stereo camera. This purchased module contains cameras and a micro-controller. The sensor reduces the video stream to a few useful items, which include visual odometry, lane following and obstacle avoidance. The information is further interpreted by the Visual Data Management controller (C7).
S5: Commanded and planned speeds and steering angles from Pilot (C3).
S7: GPS. GPS is not accurate enough to be the primary position indicator. GPS will sometimes be unavailable. The navigation system must be designed to function for extended periods of GPS unavailability.
S8: Landmark recognition. Certain landmarks may be provided to aid navigation. This function may be provided by the Smart Camera (S4) or may be a separate camera.
S9: IMU Inertial Measurement (or Navigation) Unit.
S10: Brake feedback. May measure the tension on the brake cable.
S11: Proximity sensors
RNDF (Route Network Definition File). Format is defined on . This is a digital map of all roads in the area where the vehicle will be operating. The camera will locate road edges or lane markers and the vehicle will follow them. Thus location can be determined primarily from odometry.
MDF (Mission Definition File). These are latitudes and longitudes that the vehicle is required to visit.
Initial position. Specifies the starting location and orientation. Velocity is zero. If this is a file, it is read by C4 (Path Planner) and passed to C6 (Navigator). If it is user input, it is read by C6 (Navigator).
Each module conceptually runs on its own micro-controller. Implementation may combine one or more modules on the same micro-controller. There is no operating system, file system or disks. Modules may communicate with a host computer for software download.
C1: Motor and Steering Controller.
Outputs: to C2 (computer
Drive, computer Brake, computer Steering; S6 (Commanded steering) and
S5 (Commanded speeds).
Input: Gamebot command from C3 (Pilot).
C2: Controls
Inputs: from C1: computer Drive, Brake and
Steer
from Joystick: driver Drive, Brake ans Steer; switches tell
whether of not to use cruise control.
Outputs: to A1 (Drive motor), A2 (Brake motor), A3 (Steering motor),
C3: Pilot.
Output: to C1, C6: Gamebot commands.
Input from
C6: Current position, orientation, speed and acceleration.
Input
from C4 via C6: Desired route as Bezier or Hermite cubic curve
segments.
Input from C4 via C6: Desired speed profile.
C4: Path Planner. Since this module reads files from a memory
stick, it may use a local operating system.
Output to C6: Desired
route and speed curves and whether it exits a road or changes
lane.
Input: RNDF, MDF and initial position files from memory
stick.
Input from C5: Speed and position of obstacles.
Input
from C6: Position, orientation, velocity and acceleration.
C5: Obstacle Detection.
Input from C7: Speeds and locations of
obstacles.
Input from S11: Ranges to obstacles.
Output to C4:
Position and speeds of obstacles.
C6: Navigator. Fuses all
position estimates with dead reckoning.
Output to C3, C4:
Location, orientation, velocity and acceleration.
Inputs from S1,
S2, S3, C5 (visual odometry), S5, S6, S7 and S8.
C7: Visual Data Management. Passes visual odometry and lane
following information from S4.
Input: text information extracted
from camera via sensor module S4.
Output to C6: Deviation from
lane following.
Output to C6: Visual Odometry.
Output to C5:
Speeds and locations of obstacles.
B1: Move. Travel at a commanded speed as long as a signal is
present. When the signal is not present, apply regenerative braking.
Speed should include reverse.
Executes on C1 to control A1 with
feedback from S1.
B2: Brake. Use brake to stop when forward signal is not present.
Use brake to slow when desired speed has decreased.
Executes on C1
to control A2 with feedback from S1 and S10.
B3: Steer. Turn front wheels as commanded by signal. No signal
means straight ahead.
Executes on C1 to control A3 with feedback
from S2.
B4: Speed Profile. Move to follow a trapezoid specifying when to
accelerate and decelerate.
Executes on C3 with output to C1.
B5:
Route curve. Follow a cubic curved path, synchronizing with the speed
profile.
Executes on C3 with output to C2.
B6: File reading. Read and parse files giving initial position,
MDF and RNDF.
Executes on C4.
B7: Bee line. Given current position, velocity, orientation and
target position with desired orientation and velocity at terminus,
produce a cubic curved path and speed profile and follow it.
Executes
on C4 with output to C3.
B8: Extract camera data. Break out Visual Odometry (S4A), Lane
Following (S4B), Obstacle Avoidance (S4C) and Waypoint Recognition
(S4D).
Executes on C7 with input from S4.
B9: Waypoint approach. See a waypoint and steer toward it if it is
the target. Recognize when waypoint is reached. Reverse if needed and
set goal as next waypoint.
Executes on C4 with input from S4A and
output to C3.
B10: Location. Compute position, speed and acceleration. Numbers
are fuzzy quantities that include an error margin.
Executes on C6
with output to C4.
B10A: Straight line dead reckoning. From the
last known position, velocity and elapsed time, compute present
position. Uses S5 (commanded speed).
B10B: Curved dead reckoning.
Incorporate turning information from S5 (commanded course).
B10C:
Orientation. Add S3 (digital compass).
B10D: Map reading. Add
intended position on RNDF.
B10E: Excursions. Correct the position
to account for course deviations to avoid obstacles.
B10F: GPS.
Use S7.
B10G: Landmarks. Narrow position error spreads by
recognizing fixed points with S8.
B11: Lane following. Keep in the lane or road unless if a change
has been commanded.
Executes on C7 and C6 with input from S4B and
output to C3.
B12: Obstacle avoidance. Compute a speed and
course to move around obstacles.
Executes on C5 with input from
S4C and output to C4.
B13: Follow plan. Devise a path on the road to next
waypoint.
Executes on C4 with input from C5, C6, MDF, and RNDF.
USARSIM (http://sourceforge.net/projects/usarsim/ ) using ARDA map. A RNDF and MDF for ARDA are available. The simulator is open source other than requiring the Unreal Tournament game.
The simulated control system includes C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and S4. The S4 camera may be pointed at the graphic simulation. The gamebot output from C3 is compatible with the simulator. Simulated input replaces S1, S2, S3, S5, S7, S8, S9, S10 and S11.
Control modules may be executed on their micro-controllers.
Alternately, all or part of the control code may be executed on a
PC.


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Altruist, global citizen, optimist, and totally stoked about computers. This is the blog for work associated with the Mark Ehler repositories.


- Element - Class in s3games.engine
-
Element is something that can be moved from a location to another location
- Element(String) - Constructor for class s3games.engine.Element
-
construct an element with the specified name - fill the structure items manually then
- element - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameRule
-
element to move - expression that evaluates to string or a string with variable reference
- element - Variable in class s3games.engine.Move
-
name of the location to where the element was moved
- elementLocations - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
for each element name, location name where it currently is placed
- elementOwners - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
for each element name, the number of player
- elements - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameSpecification
-
list of elements indexed through their name
- elementStates - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
for each element name, the state number
- ElementType - Class in s3games.engine
-
Every movable element must have a type.
- ElementType(String) - Constructor for class s3games.engine.ElementType
-
construct a new element type, fill the images manually
- elementType - Variable in class s3games.robot.CameraObjectType
-
name of the corresponding element type
- elementTypes - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameSpecification
-
list of element types indexed through their name
- elementzIndexes - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
z-indexes of all the elements
- elState - Variable in class s3games.robot.CameraObjectType
-
corresponding state of the element
- equals(Expr, Context) - Method in class s3games.engine.expr.Expr
-
compares if the values of this expression and the other expression are the same
- equals(Object) - Method in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
determine if the state is equal to another one - while ignoring irrelevant locations
- equals(GameState) - Method in class s3games.engine.GameState
-
implementation of the equals() method - we ignore irrelevant locations and look only at element types, not the element names
- equals(Object) - Method in class s3games.engine.Move
-
compare for equality taking into account element types and location relevance, i.e.
- error(String) - Method in class s3games.io.GameLogger
-
append an error message to the log file
- eval(Context) - Method in class s3games.engine.expr.Expr
-
evaluates this expression and returns the resulting value
- expand(GameState, HashSet<Move>, double) - Method in class s3games.player.MiniMaxPlayer
-
the only difference to standard minimax player is that here we ignore some
of the moves when we expand a move
- Expr - Class in s3games.engine.expr
-
Abstract class for all expression types.
- Expr() - Constructor for class s3games.engine.expr.Expr
-
- expr - Variable in class s3games.engine.expr.Expression
-
the list of expressions one for each line (or single expression for one-line expressions)
- Expr.internalFunction - Enum in s3games.engine.expr
-
list of all supported internal functions
- Expr.operatorType - Enum in s3games.engine.expr
-
list of all supported internal operators
- Expression - Class in s3games.engine.expr
-
Represent a named expression with named formal arguments.
- Expression(String[]) - Constructor for class s3games.engine.expr.Expression
-
construct a new empty expression with the specified argument names
- expressions - Variable in class s3games.engine.GameSpecification
-
list of all expressions.
- ExprParser - Class in s3games.engine.expr
-
A parser that takes a list of lexemes and constructs an internal
representation of the expression.
- ExprParser() - Constructor for class s3games.engine.expr.ExprParser
-


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Cockerill steel plant, Seraing.


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utility class to register serializer/deserializer functions for a property of type T More...
#include <properties.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| PropertySerializer () | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if< ros::message_traits::IsMessage< Q >::value, std::string >::type | typeName () |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if<!ros::message_traits::IsMessage< Q >::value, std::string >::type | typeName () |
Static Private Member Functions | |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if< hasSerialize< Q >::value &&hasDeserialize< Q >::value, boost::any >::type | deserialize (const std::string &wired) |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if<!hasSerialize< Q >::value||!hasDeserialize< Q >::value, boost::any >::type | deserialize (const std::string &wire) |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if< hasSerialize< Q >::value, std::string >::type | serialize (const boost::any &value) |
| template<class Q = T> | |
| static std::enable_if<!hasSerialize< Q >::value, std::string >::type | serialize (const boost::any &value) |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Types inherited from moveit::task_constructor::PropertySerializerBase< T > | |
| using | DeserializeFunction = boost::any(*)(const std::string &) |
| using | SerializeFunction = std::string(*)(const boost::any &) |
| Static Protected Member Functions inherited from moveit::task_constructor::PropertySerializerBase< T > | |
| static bool | insert (const std::type_index &type_index, const std::string &type_name, SerializeFunction serialize, DeserializeFunction deserialize) |
| static boost::any | dummyDeserialize (const std::string &) |
| static std::string | dummySerialize (const boost::any &) |
utility class to register serializer/deserializer functions for a property of type T
Definition at line 207 of file properties.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 210 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestaticprivate |
Definition at line 232 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestaticprivate |
Definition at line 246 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestaticprivate |
Serialization based on std::[io]stringstream
Definition at line 225 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestaticprivate |
No serialization available
Definition at line 241 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestatic |
Definition at line 213 of file properties.h.
|
inlinestatic |
Definition at line 218 of file properties.h.


| Fig 1 |
The Snohomish River Basin, Washington State (USA), showing t ... |
| Fig 2 |
Geomorphic characteristics of stream segments in the Snohomi ... |
| Fig 3 |
BIP model in the Snohomish Basin. Large, low-gradient rivers ... |
| Fig 4 |
Field validation sites in the Skykomish subbasin. |
| Fig 5 |
(A) Distribution of 30-m stream buffers and high quality BIP ... |


Headers level 1–4 should cover most scenarios - Myself, I wouldn't ever create as many levels for anyone to use in the WYSIWYG editor of Umbraco.
So now's the time to start building the CSS to be very actively targeting some or all of the various elements on the page(s).
Allowing editors to create headers of multiple levels, makes it much harder to maintain the look and feel. Let alone consistency, which easily goes the way of the Dodo.
Worst case scenario, this should really be the smallest level of header allowed in a standard article.
As it says - let’s try that.
One-line paragraph.
A much longer paragraph describing the difference between a single-line paragraph and a multi-line paragraph, just by visually being of much greater size and shape. Having no other means to verify it's "multi-lineability" than hoping by now, the text has wrapped to atleast a second line (or more, depending on screen-size).
Here's a great quote from Die Hard, marked up as a

:
Only John can drive somebody that crazy
Another way to quote could be inline, e.g. when referencing the evil way Gollum says She can do it...
in The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers,
keeping it as part of the sentence.
| Quantity | Name | Price | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Ewok costume | 12.99 | 51.96 |
| 8 | Laser chips | 0.99 | 103.92 |
| 15 | Bootstrap buttons | 1.79 | 26.85 |
| Total | 182.73 |
Headers level 1–4 should cover most scenarios - Myself, I wouldn't ever create as many levels for anyone to use in the WYSIWYG editor of Umbraco.
So now's the time to start building the CSS to be very actively targeting some or all of the various elements on the page(s).
Allowing editors to create headers of multiple levels, makes it much harder to maintain the look and feel. Let alone consistency, which easily goes the way of the Dodo.
Worst case scenario, this should really be the smallest level of header allowed in a standard article.
As it says - let’s try that.
One-line paragraph.
A much longer paragraph describing the difference between a single-line paragraph and a multi-line paragraph, just by visually being of much greater size and shape. Having no other means to verify it's "multi-lineability" than hoping by now, the text has wrapped to atleast a second line (or more, depending on screen-size).
Here's a great quote from Die Hard, marked up as a

:
Only John can drive somebody that crazy
Another way to quote could be inline, e.g. when referencing the evil way Gollum says She can do it...
in The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers,
keeping it as part of the sentence.
| Quantity | Name | Price | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Ewok costume | 12.99 | 51.96 |
| 8 | Laser chips | 0.99 | 103.92 |
| 15 | Bootstrap buttons | 1.79 | 26.85 |
| Total | 182.73 |


|
MRSL Motion Primitive Library
0.4
A motion primitive library for generating trajectory for mobile robots
|
Primitive1D class. More...
#include <primitive.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Primitive1D () | |
| Empty constructor. | |
| Primitive1D (const Vec6f &coeff) | |
| Construct from known coefficients. More... | |
| Primitive1D (decimal_t p, decimal_t u) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p) and an input control (u) | |
| Primitive1D (Vec2f state, decimal_t u) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p, v) and an input control (u) | |
| Primitive1D (Vec3f state, decimal_t u) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p, v, a) and an input control (u) | |
| Primitive1D (Vec4f state, decimal_t u) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p, v, a, j) and an input control (u) | |
| Primitive1D (decimal_t p1, decimal_t p2, decimal_t t) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p1) to a goal state (p2), given duration t. | |
| Primitive1D (decimal_t p1, decimal_t v1, decimal_t p2, decimal_t v2, decimal_t t) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p1, v1) to a goal state (p2, v2), given duration t. | |
| Primitive1D (decimal_t p1, decimal_t v1, decimal_t a1, decimal_t p2, decimal_t v2, decimal_t a2, decimal_t t) | |
| Construct 1D primitive from an initial state (p1, v1, a1) to a goal state (p2, v2, a2), given duration t. | |
| decimal_t | J (decimal_t t, int i) const |
| Return total efforts of 1D primitive for the given duration: . More... | |
| Vec6f | coeff () const |
| Return coffecients. | |
| Vec4f | evaluate (decimal_t t) const |
| Return (p, v, a) at t, deault v, a are zeros. | |
| std::vector< decimal_t > | extrema_vel (decimal_t t) const |
| Return extrema of velocity, velocities at both ends (0, t) are considered. | |
| std::vector< decimal_t > | extrema_acc (decimal_t t) const |
| Return extrema of acceleration, accelerations at both ends (0, t) are considered. | |
| std::vector< decimal_t > | extrema_jrk (decimal_t t) const |
| Return extrema of jerk, jerk at both ends (0, t) are considered. | |
Public Attributes | |
| Vec6f | c |
| Coefficients. | |
Primitive1D class.
Assume the 1D primitive is the n-th order polynomial with n = 5 as
| Primitive1D::Primitive1D | ( | const Vec6f & | coeff | ) |
Construct from known coefficients.
| coeff[0] | is the coefficient of the highest order |
Return total efforts of 1D primitive for the given duration: .
| t | assume the duration is from 0 to t |
| i | effort is defined as (i+1)-th derivative of polynomial |


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FCI Manager Exam 2019: Admit Cards Out, Download From fci.gov.in
The FCI Manager exam, which will be od one-hour duration, will take place on November 28. Candidates should note that a photo identity proof will be required along with the admit card at the examination centre.
FCI Manager Exam 2019: The admit card for phase one exam for the post of Manager in various departments of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) has been released. Candidates can download their admit cards from the FCI’s official website, fci.gov.in.
The FCI Manager exam will take place on November 28. The departments for which candidates will be recruited as Managers are General, Depot, Movement, Accounts, Technical, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Hindi.
Steps to download admit cards for FCI Manager Exam 2019:
Step 1: Visit the official FCI website fci.gov.in
Step 2: On the homepage, go to the ‘Recruitment’ section and then ‘Category II Recruitment’
Step 3: Click on the ‘FCI Manager Admit Card 2019’ link
Step 4: Enter your login credentials and the captcha code
Step 5: Check and download the admit card
Step 6: Save and print it for future use
Candidates should note that a photo identity proof will be required along with the admit card at the examination centre. The exam, meanwhile, will be of one-hour duration.
Those who qualify the phase one exam will then be called up for phase two. Those finally selected will first be recruited as Management Trainees (MTs) and get a salary of Rs 40,000/month during their training period. They will then be recruited as Managers with a pay scale between Rs 40,000-1,40,000/month.
For breaking news and live news updates, like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter and Instagram. Read more on Exams & Results Latest News on India.com.
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MKDTEMP
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)
Updated: 2014-06-13
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
mkdtemp - create a unique temporary directory
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
char *mkdtemp(char *template);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
feature_test_macros(7)):
mkdtemp():
-
_BSD_SOURCE
|| /* Since glibc 2.10: */
-
(_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700)
DESCRIPTION
The
mkdtemp()
function generates a uniquely named temporary
directory from template.
The last six characters of template
must be XXXXXX and these are replaced with a string that makes the
directory name unique.
The directory is then created with
permissions 0700.
Since it will be modified,
template
must not be a string constant, but should be declared as a character array.
RETURN VALUE
The
mkdtemp()
function returns a pointer to the modified template
string on success, and NULL on failure, in which case
errno
is set appropriately.
ERRORS
- EINVAL
-
The last six characters of template were not XXXXXX.
Now template is unchanged.
Also see
mkdir(2)
for other possible values for errno.
VERSIONS
Available since glibc 2.1.91.
ATTRIBUTES
Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
The
mkdtemp()
function is thread-safe.
CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008.
This function is present on the BSDs.
SEE ALSO
mkdir(2),
mkstemp(3),
mktemp(3),
tempnam(3),
tmpfile(3),
tmpnam(3)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ERRORS
-
- VERSIONS
-
- ATTRIBUTES
-
- Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:55:03 GMT, September 18, 2014


|
Use these instructions to run RELOAD on a
Windows platform. RELOAD was only tested on the
Windows platform and is the only platform
for which instructions have been provided.
To run RELOAD:
-
Double click the ADL_SCORM_2004_RELOAD_Editor_1_1.jar file to
launch the RELOAD application.
-
Use the File menu to open an existing package or create a
new package. You can also create a SCORM 2004 4th Edition package
using the LSAL templates via the File menu.
Use the Help menu if you need assistance.
File Menu - Contains standard
file action options and some RELOAD-specific actions.
File Menu actions include:
-
New - Allows users to
create a new IMS Metadata file, a new LOM Metadata file or a new
SCORM Content Package.
- IMS 1.2.2 Metadata File - Create a new stand-alone IMS Metadata file
- LOM 1.0 Metadata File - Create a new stand-alone LOM Metadata file
- ADL-R Metadata File - Create a new stand-alone ADL-R Metadata file
- Healthcare LOM Metadata File - Create a new stand-alone Healthcare LOM Metadata file
- ADL SCORM 1.2 Package - Create a new SCORM Version 1.2 Package
- ADL SCORM 2004 3rd Ed. Package - Create a new SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Package
- ADL SCORM 2004 4th Ed. Package - Create a new SCORM 2004 4th Edition Package
- ADL SCORM 2004 Package from Template - Create a new SCORM 2004 Package
using a predefined template. See ADL Guidelines for Creating Reusable
Content with SCORM 2004 at www.ADLNet.gov
for details about the SCORM templates and SCORM packages in general.
- Open - Allows users to
open existing IMS or SCORM content packages.
- Import Resources - Allows users to import new resources
into a content package
from anywhere on their computer/system. The menu item
brings up a file chooser dialog box and enables the user to
navigate to the content of their choice. After identifying
content, the file(s) are copied to the working directory
of the current content package. You can add entire directories
this way. If users choose to import an individual file,
they may also choose to check the checkbox, 'Include dependent Files',
which ensures that any associated images or style sheets are also
copied into the content package working directory.
- Save - Allows the users to save
the information for their current content package.
- Save As - Allows the users to save
the information for their current content package with a new name.
- Zip Content Package - Allows users to save their current content package.
- Convert 1.2 > 2004 - The conversion functionality was disabled
in this version of RELOAD. It may be enabled in a future ADL RELOAD release.
- Convert to SCORM 2004 4th Edition - Allows users to convert SCORM 2004
3rd Edition packages to SCORM 2004 4th Edition packages. Note: This does not include
run-time updates.
- Recent Files - Provides access to the last four recently
edited content packages.
- Exit - Quits RELOAD. You will be
prompted to save any unsaved work.
Edit Menu - Contains the standard edit action options
as well as some specific actions
relevant to RELOAD Editor. Edit Menu actions include:
- Undo - Allows users to undo the last action
- Redo - Allows users to redo the last action
- Cut - Allows users to cut the current selection
(into the clipboard). This option works for both files and text.
- Copy - Allows users to copy the current selection
(into the clipboard). This option works for both files and text.
- Paste - Allows users to paste the contents of the
clipboard into the current position. This option works for both files and text.
- Delete - Allows users to delete the current selection.
This option works for both files and text.
- Move Up - Allows users to move the selected file UP within
the content package
- Move Down - Allows users to move the selected file DOWN within
the content package
- Context Sensitive Items - The remainder of this menu contains
context sensitive items. The menu is generated dynamically based on the node
selected in the content package tree view. For example, if you select an item,
the Sequencing Editor is available with the Edit Sequencing Menu Item.
Debug Menu - Provides the ability to view
the schemas for metadata and manifest files. You can
also access validation functionality via the Debug Menu. The following
list details the schemas that can be viewed. In addition, the
Validate SCORM 2004 4th Edition Manifest menu item validates
the manifest file in accordance with the SCORM 2004 4th Edition
Application Profiles:
- IMS Metadata 1.2.1 Schema
- IMS Metadata 1.2.2 Schema
- LOM Metadata 1.0 Schema
- IMS Content Packaging 1.1.2 Schema
- IMS Content Packaging 1.1.3 Schema
- ADL SCORM 1.2 Schema
- ADL SCORM 2004 3rd Edition Schema
- ADL SCORM 2004 4th Edition Schema
- Validate SCORM 2004 4th Edition Manifest
- IMS Simple Sequencing 1.0 Schema
Options Menu - Contains RELOAD preferences
and look and feel options. Options Menu actions include:
- Preferences - Consists of 3 tabbed windows.
Specifically, General, Content Packager and Metadata Editor
tabs are available.
- Look and Feel - Allows
users to choose the overall look of the RELOAD Editor software.
View Menu - Contains specific options to allow
users to view their content package. View Menu actions include:
- View File - Allows users
to view any file within the package in a web browser.
- Preview Content Package - Allows users to preview the whole
content package in a web browser.
- RTE Package View - Imports the package
into the SCORM 2004 4th Edition Sample Run-Time
Environment (SRTE) Version 1.1.1 available at
www.ADLNet.gov. To
use this menu option, the SRTE must be installed on the
same PC as the RELOAD Editor.
- Status Window - Allows users to choose
to display or hide the Java status window. Any informational
Java messages are displayed there and may be useful if
you discover a bug in the software.
Note: There is no API
instance in RELOAD when you view a file using the View File or
Preview Content Package menu options listed above.
If you launch a SCO, it will not find an API
instance. This may result in unexpected behaviors. ADL recommends
testing your package in the latest SCORM 2004 Test Suite. You can also view sequencing
and additional run-time behaviors by downloading and running
the SCORM Sample Run-Time Environment (SRTE). The Test Suite and SRTE
are available at www.ADLNet.gov
Window Menu - Provides a list of currently open files
(content packages) and provides options for how these open windows are arranged on
the screen. Window Menu actions include:
- Cascade - Allows users to
organize open windows into a cascade pattern for easy on screen navigation
- Tile Horizontally - Allows users to tile
windows down the screen for easy comparison
- Tile Vertically - Allows users to tile
windows across the screen for easy comparison
- Dynamic Open File Item(s) - Displays
a list of open files or packages at the bottom of the Window Menu
Help Menu - Provides access to RELOAD help and about content.
Help Menu actions include:
- Help - Available by choosing this menu item, or by pressing F1.
- About ADL SCORM 2004 RELOAD Editor - Provides details about RELOAD
Editor software, including contributors, copyright and contact information. It is
also the easiest place to find out the version number and date of RELOAD Editor.
|


Cellular Tracking Technologies: Data Tools
2021-05-20
Instructions
This is a manual for the R tools hosted at our GitHub repository. A RStudio tutorial is beyond the scope of this readme, but there are great resources to get you started with installing R and RStudio.
How to use GitHub
Getting Set Up
- Create an account.
- Work through chapters 6-12 here if you need to install git, and connect it all with RStudio:
- Choose your own adventure from here: do you want the working branch you created synced with the main repository, or do you want your main branch synced? Once you’ve decided, move onto the next step.
- having your working branch synced makes sure you can easily pull the latest files into your work space, but to work around that you should make your own copies of files you alter to make sure files don’t conflict when you pull updates
- having your main branch synced is a bit more of a conventional structure, and means that changes pulled won’t automatically propagate to your working branch. you could e.g. pull changes to the main branch, and use that as a reference to see what changes you want to pull into your working copy, and resolve conflicts before merging
- Follow the instructions (at least through 5) here under “How to do this using RStudio and GitHub?”
- you don’t need to enter the back ticks in the shell
- this example is a bit misleading because it doesn’t include the .git, copy the link to the clipboard like before
- RESTART RSTUDIO BEFORE MOVING ONTO STEP 6 IN THIS TUTORIAL
- If you want to pull updates from here to your copy, see chapter 31.
Result
By following these instructions, you should now…
- have a local copy of the repository
- be working on your own branch
- have an upstream connection to the main CTT repository


Pitch-Predict
{% block content %}
Sample Pitch
{{ sample_pitch }}
Prediction
{{ prediction }}
{% endblock %}


Hi, I am software developer with more than seven years of progressive experience. I have mostly worked with Python and it's frameworks namely Scrapy, Django+D.R.F, Flask. to name a few. I have also worked with front end technologies like ReactJS, JavaCcript, jQuery, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap . When I am free I like watch football, read a book, tech news, or maybe listen to some podcasts.
Kishan Mehta
India
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Bachelor in Computer Engineering • June 2012 Batch
Thakur College of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai
Software Developer • May 2019 - Present
Full Stack Developer • Nov 2016 - Present
Python/Django Developer • July 2015 - May 2016
Senior Software Engineer • June 2013 - June 2015
Built as part of learning from online course. User can login and see the timeline of tweets.
Apart from that user can create new tweets, reply to existing tweets or like the tweets.
Agenda behind this project was to learn some core concepts about react state management, component architecture and dealing with APIs.
Web development, ReactJS, ReduxA simple web app to let users take part in voting for different polls. The polls are generated in the format of questions starting with "would you rather...".
User can create new questions and see the result of the polls after they have taken part in it.
Users can also see leaderboard where users are ranked based on their answers and questions count.
Web Development, ReactJS, ReduxAn online personalised library of books.
Users can search books and add/remove books from three shelves : "read", "want to read", "currently reading".
Agenda for the project was to learn ReactJS, Redux along with handling of API data.
Web development, ReactJS, ReduxA react native app that works on Android and iOS both.
With flashcards app you can prepare for exams. Users can create decks which holds questions.
Users can create questions inside decks with answers.
React Native, Android, iOSA basic web crawler that asks for a starting URL.
Automatically stops after crawling 100 links.
Built using python3 as part of learning from an online course.
Agenda was to learn and implement basic crawling and scrapping techniques in python.
Scripting, PythonA scrapper that outputs product information from a website.
Agenda was to provide data scrapped to client.
Scripting, PythonA basic web scrapper that uses scrapy framework.
It extracts reports from ripoffreports.com and follows the next links of the page and scraps those pages too.
Built using Scrapy framework.
Agenda was to provide csv files output based on scrapping results.
Scripting, Python


Tree Height Calculator
Enter Top Angle
Enter Datum Angle
Enter Distance
Enter Datum Height (m)
calculated height:
Tree Volume Calculator
a
b
c
Diameter Breast Height (cm)
Height (m)
calculated volume :


Fat burning
2351
Kcal
Attendance
21
day
Attendance
Mon
20
Tue
21
Wed
22
Thur
23
Fri
24
Sat
25
Sun
26
Monthly training ranking
987 mins
32
th
Weekly training ranking
508 mins
40
th
Overall training ranking
3560 mins
123
th
20
21
22
23
24
25


Sorting Algorithms
A Quick Overview
Saturday, December 12, 2015
Sorting algorithms put elements of a list in a certain order, with most working by comparing the data being sorted. There are many different sorting algorithms and they are often classified to help you understand the advantages and limitations of each one. Some ways to classify the algorithms are by computational complexity in terms of the list's size, memory usage, recursion, stability, and the general method used for sorting. To optimize the use of algorithms that require input data to be in sorted lists, i.e. search and merge algorithms, it is necessary to use efficient sorting.
Insertion Sort
Insertion sort iterates over an unordered list of elements and assumes part of the array is sorted. For each iteration it removes one entry, finds the location it belongs in, and inserts it into a sorted part. Insertion sort repeats until no input elements remain and is good for sorting arrays that have less than 100 items.
Selection Sort
This algorithm works by scanning an array for the smallest unsorted item and then swapping it with the first element. Then it looks for the next smallest element and swaps it with the second element. This continues until the entire array is sorted.
Bubble Sort
The bubble sort algorithm repeatedly steps through an array by comparing adjacent items and swapping them if required. This process repeats until it makes a pass all the way through the list without swapping any items.
Merge Sort
A merge sort is another comparison based sorting algorithm and is based on the divide-and-conquer paradigm. It divides the entire dataset into subarrays, each having one element. Next it compares every two elements and swaps them if the first should come after the second. Then it merges these sublists to create new sorted sublists. This process continues until one sorted list is produced.
Quicksort
Quicksort is the most popular sorting algorithm and is also based on the divide-and-conquer paradigm. It picks the average element known as a "pivot" item. Then it partitions the entire dataset in half by adding items to the sublist "less than pivot" or the sublist "greater than pivot" and puts the pivot item between the two lists. It repeats this process on the left side of the list until it is comparing only two items and left side is sorted. After the left side is sorted it performs the same process on the right side and does this until the complete list is sorted.
Helpful Resources to Learn More About Sorting Algorithms
- Sorting Algorithm Animations
- Wikipedia: Sorting algorithm
- BetterExplained: Sorting Algorithms
- Visualization and Comparison of Sorting Algorithms- video
- 15 Sorting Algorithms in 6 Minutes- video
- Sorting Algorithms- visual representations of sorting algorithms using Generative Art
- Comparison Sorting Algorithms- interactive animations
- Algorithm Implementation: Sorting- shows various sorting algorithms written in different programming languages


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CrawlMaze - Testbed for Web Crawlers - multi-step request with EventListener
multi-step GET method with EventListener after adding to DOM
When the 'show secret button' button is pressed, a new button is created in JavaScript. This new button has an EventListener that executes a GET request via JavaScript fetch when clicked.


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WHAT TO DO IF YOU GET A DATA RECOVERY ISSUE
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Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>© 2017 CIEL TECHNOLOGIES ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
PRIVACY & COOKIE POLICY


Julien Duvivier's THE GOLEM (1936) A film review by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1994 Mark R. Leeper
To start with, what is a golem? It is a statue that has been brought to life by mystical means. The Bible claims that God created man by bringing the dust of the earth together and breathing life into it. Legend has it that God can be invoked to do it again by special Ceremonies, though the formula is imperfect and the resulting Artificial human will lackthe power of speech. FRANKENSTEIN was inspired by golem legends. The most famous golem story is of the Golem of Prague, brought to life to protect the Jewish community. Films about golems are unusual though there had been two made in Germany previously starring Paul Wegener. One of them is a lost film, but the other is considered a classic. Since that film was made a tide of anti-Semitism had risen in Germany. In 1935 the Nuremburg Laws institutionalizing German state anti-Semitism. About the same time afilm, a French and Czech co-production, was being made with veiled anti-German and not so veiled pro-Jewish sentiments, THE GOLEM. The film has interest as a political document as well as a fantasy film. For many years this has been a rare film, but this year it is starting to become available on videotape.
The time is the 17th Century in Prague. Rabbi Loew, who createdthe Golem is dead, but Rudolf II is still emperor. The troubled Jewish community is now led by the young Rabbi Jacob, student and friend of the late Rabbi Loew. Rudolf's tolerance of the Jewish community has lasted about as long as the life of Loew. Now he is reinstituting persecution albeit warily. His dreams are still troubled with visitations of theGolem and he will not rest easy until he possesses it and is sure the Jews cannot reanimate it. He is willing to torture and kill to get his hands on the magical statue. All his attempts to confiscate it fail until one night it just appears in his palace, still stone-like and inanimate. With theGolem under his thumb, the Rudolf safely returns to persecution.
Except for the metaphor of its politics, and perhaps not even that at the time, this is not a film of extreme subtlety. The filmmakers were primarily interested in getting their idea across. The feeding of Jews to lions is probably anachronistic, but it is an image that the audiences could probably find meaningful. The writers obviously felt very strongly about the film's message and was neither shy nor particularly subtle about expressing that message. When somebody tries to warn the Jews "Your brothers are in the hands of murderers" it is clear that the message is meant for more than the characters in the film. When the Emperor calls himself a friend of Jews while torturing one the analogy may break down slightly--at least the Nazis admitted their motives toward the Jews--but still it is clear that it is another dig at the Third Reich. The burning of the Jewish ghetto also seems to be a very contemporary image in the film. The motto of the film, often repeated, is "revolt is the right of a slave." The French filmmakers do not say the French will come to the Jews' aid if they revolt, but it definitely affirms their right.
Julien Duvivier directed the film as a somewhat fancy costume drama, perhaps to attract a wider audience in the bleak days of the late thirties in Europe. In a golem film, of course one of the main considerationsis the design of the Golem itself. Ferdinand Hart is perhaps one of the least imaginative visualizations. It looks more or less like a statue of alarge bald man. The reasons for toning down the horrific aspect of the Golem are again likely to be political. If the film is supposed to instill a sense of solidarity with the Jews, it would not make sense to have them be the creators of monsters. The script then seems intentionally to build suspense about the appearance of the Golem. He is not shown on-screen until well into the plot and only at the end of a suspenseful sequence of a nighttime walk through the big empty palace. Disorientation and insecurity on the part of the emperor are often created with a tilted camera.
Harry Baur as the emperor is goggle-eyed and insecure. He was at the time a familiar actor, I believe. Charles Dorat as Rabbi Jacob is young and handsome but his performance is not particularly inspired. Finally there is Ferdinand Hart in the title role as the mystical statue. What can you say about a role that for most of the film requires you to stand absolutely still, then in the inevitable climax for this sort of film suddenly in the final reel turns into Machiste. The role requires more broad shoulders than depth.
I would say that the film is less a work of art and more a piecewith some entertainment and an artifact of a dramatic period of history. Nevertheless, as someone with a particular interest in golem legends I am very pleased to see this particular film, usually only available at campus showings, now on videotape.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


The results shown on this page are derived from a harmonized RNA-seq analysis of post-mortem brains from AD cases and controls. The samples were obtained from three human cohort studies across a total of nine different brain regions.
This plot depicts the median expression of the selected gene across brain regions, as measured by RNA-seq read counts per million (CPM) reads. Meaningful expression is considered to be a log2 CPM greater than log2(5), depicted by the red line in the plot.
After selecting a statistical model, you will be able to see whether the selected gene is differentially expressed between AD cases and controls. The box plot depicts how the differential expression of the selected gene of interest (purple dot) compares with expression of other genes in a given tissue. Summary statistics for each tissue can be viewed by hovering over the purple dots. Meaningful differential expression is considered to be a log2 fold change value greater than 0.263, or less than -0.263.
This forest plot indicates the estimate of the log fold change with standard errors across the brain regions in the model chosen using the filter above. Genes that show consistent patterns of differential expression will have similar log-fold change value across brain regions.
This plot depicts the association between expression levels of the selected gene in the DLPFC and three phenotypic measures of AD.  Statistical significance and summary statistics for each phenotype can be viewed by hovering over the dots.
The network diagram below is based on a coexpression network analysis of RNA-seq data from AD cases and controls. The network analysis uses an ensemble methodology to identify genes that show similar coexpression across individuals.
The color of the edges and nodes indicates how frequently significant coexpression was identified. Each node represents a different gene and the amount of edges within the network. Darker edges represent coexpression in more brain regions.


Monte Carlo methods and Machine Learning
Thesis project
Nov 12, 2018
From traditional Many-body methods to Machine Learning
From Hartree-Fock theory to standard many-body methods
Variational Monte Carlo
Diffusion Monte Carlo
Using Boltzmann machines
Machine learning and other methods
Recent theses and relevant literature


Configuring the Heap access method is fairly simple. Beyond the general configuration required for any access method, you can configure how large the database will become, as well as the amount by which the database grows.
If you provide no configuration relative to the heap size, then the database will grow without bound. Whether this is desirable depends on how much disk space is available to your application.
You can limit the size of the on-disk database file by
using the DB->set_heapsize() method. If the size specified on
this method is reached, then further attempts to insert/update
records will fail with a DB_HEAP_FULL
error
message.
Heap databases are organized into regions, and each region is a constant size. The size of the region in a heap database is limited by the page size, the first page of the region contains a bitmap describing the available space on the remaining pages in the region. When the database experiences write contention, a region is added to reduce contention. This means heap databases can grow in size very quickly. In order to control the amount by which the database increases, the size of the region is configurable via DB->set_heap_regionsize().


Chapter 16 Basis Vectors and Matrices
In this chapter, you will learn about basis vectors and basis matrices and how they are used to define the dimensionality of a coordinate space. You will also learn how to transition to different coordinate systems by changing the basis vectors.
16.1 An Example
In the chapter Vectors, we learned that a vector could be represented in a coordinate system where each element in the vector corresponds to a distance along one of the reference axes defining the coordinate system. For example, the vector:
\[ \mathbf{a} = \begin{bmatrix} -3 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix} \]
has a distance of \(-3\) on the first reference axis (R1) and a distance of 4 on the second reference axis (R2). This vector and the reference axes are shown in Figure 16.1. The reference axes (R1 and R2) define a two-dimensional coordinate space.
The two-dimensional coordinate system in our example, the Cartesian coordinate system, is defined by two orthogonal vectors called the basis vectors because they form the basis for the two-dimensional space. (These are shown in black in Figure 16.1.) More specifically, the dimensions of a system are determined by the number of independent vectors within that system. For example, in a three-dimensional coordinate space there are three independent vectors (e.g., that form the x, y, and z axes).
The span of the basis vectors create what we think of as the axes for that system. In our example, we have two basis vectors whose spans create R1 and R2. There are many possible sets of basis vectors whose spans would create R1 and R2, but the standard basis is the set of elementary vectors, in two-dimensional space:
\[ \mathbf{e}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \qquad\mathbf{e}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \]
Here the two basis vectors are orthogonal and have unit length. We refer to vectors that have these properties as orthonormal.
We can represent any vector in the space as a linear combination of a set of scalars and the basis vectors. For example consider the vector:
\[ \mathbf{a} = \begin{bmatrix} -3 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix} \]
We can also express a as:
\[ \begin{split} \mathbf{a} &= -3 \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} + 4 \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \\[2em] &= -3\mathbf{e}_1 + 4\mathbf{e}_2 \end{split} \]
In general a vector a is can be expressed relative to the basis vectors as:
\[ \mathbf{a} = a_1(\mathbf{e}_1) + a_2(\mathbf{e}_2) + a_3(\mathbf{e}_3) + \dots + a_n(\mathbf{e}_n) \]
where \(\mathbf{e}_i\) is the ith orthonormal basis vector.
16.2 Changing Basis Vectors
There is nothing sacred about the Cartesian coordinate system. We could also define the two-dimensional space using a different set of orthonormal basis vectors. For example consider the basis vectors:
\[ \mathbf{b}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} \qquad\mathbf{b}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} \]
These basis vectors still are orthonormal—they are orthogonal and their length is one. However, they are not elementary vectors. Not all orthonormal vectors are elementary vectors. R1 and R2 are still defined as the spans of these vectors, but now the vector a (which had the coordinates \(-3, 4\) in the system defined by the standard basis) has a different set of coordinates in the new basis. We can see this in 16.2.
The coordinates in the new basis for a is:
\[ \mathbf{a}=\begin{bmatrix} -4.95 \\ 0.707 \end{bmatrix} \]
To find the coordinates of a vector a under a non-standard basis, we can express a using the new basis vectors as:
\[ \begin{split} \mathbf{a} &= a_1(\mathbf{b}_1) + a_2(\mathbf{b}_2) \\[2ex] &= a_1\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} + a_2\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} \end{split} \]
Then, since a has coordinates (\(-3,4\)) in the standard system, we can re-write this as:
\[ \begin{split} \begin{bmatrix}-3 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix} &= a_1\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} + a_2\begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} \\[2ex] &= \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ -\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}a_1 \\ a_2\end{bmatrix} \end{split} \] Now we need to solve for the values of \(a_1\) and \(a_2\). Note the basis vectors form the columns of the basis matrix, and we can solve for the values of \(a_1\) and \(a_2\) by pre-multiplying both sides by the inverse of the basis matrix.
# Create basis matrix
= matrix(
B data = c(sqrt(2)/2, -sqrt(2)/2, sqrt(2)/2, sqrt(2)/2),
nrow = 2
)
# Create a
= matrix(
a data = c(-3, 4),
nrow = 2
)
# Solve for the values of the new coordinates
solve(B) %*% a
[,1]
[1,] -4.9497475
[2,] 0.7071068
16.2.1 Non-Orthonormal Basis
There is no specification that the basis vectors need to be orthogonal, or have length of one. For example consider the basis vectors:
\[ \mathbf{b}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \end{bmatrix} \qquad\mathbf{b}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 1.8 \\ 0.2 \end{bmatrix} \]
Here the basis vectors are no longer orthogonal. We refer to non-orthogonal vectors as oblique. The second basis vector also has a length which is no longer one. In this basis, the vector a (which had the coordinates \(-3, 4\) in the system defined by the standard basis) has yet a different set of coordinates; seen in 16.3.
To find the coordinates in the oblique basis, we solve
\[ \begin{bmatrix}-3 \\ 4 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & 1.8 \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & 0.2 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}a_1 \\ a_2\end{bmatrix} \]
As long as the basis matrix is conformable, we can solve this for \(a_1\) and \(a_2\).
# Create basis matrix
= matrix(
B data = c(sqrt(2)/2, sqrt(2)/2, 1.8, 0.2),
nrow = 2
)
# Create a
= matrix(
a data = c(-3, 4),
nrow = 2
)
# Solve for the values of the new coordinates
solve(B) %*% a
[,1]
[1,] 6.894291
[2,] -4.375000
The coordinates for a in the new basis is:
\[ \mathbf{a} = \begin{bmatrix}6.894 \\ -4.375\end{bmatrix} \]
16.3 Converting Non-Standard Coordinates to the Standard Basis
We can, given a set of coordinates for a vector in a non-standard basis system, transform this to the coordinates of a vector in the standrd basis system. For example, consider the vector a, which has coordinates defined in the basis given by B:
\[ \mathbf{a} = \begin{bmatrix}3 \\ 2\end{bmatrix} \qquad \mathbf{B} = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & 1.8 \\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} & 0.2 \end{bmatrix} \]
What are the coordinates of this vector in the standard basis system? 16.3 shows this graphically.
To find the coordinates of a in the standard basis system, we need to find the projections onto the spans of the standard basis vectors. To do this, we can use the same equation we have been using to convert coordinates to a non-standard basis. Recall, this equation is:
\[ \mathbf{a}_{[\mathrm{S}]} = \mathbf{B}_{[\mathrm{NS}]}\mathbf{a}_{[\mathrm{NS}]} \]
where \(\mathbf{a}_{[\mathrm{S}]}\) is the vector a in the standard basis, \(\mathbf{a}_{[\mathrm{NS}]}\) is the vector a in the non-standard basis, and \(\mathbf{B}_{[\mathrm{NS}]}\) is the basis matrix defining the non-standard system. To determine the coordinates for a in the standard system, we simply postmultiply the non-standard basis matrix by the vector a in the non-standard system.
# Create basis matrix
= matrix(
B data = c(sqrt(2)/2, sqrt(2)/2, 1.8, 0.2),
nrow = 2
)
# Create a (non-standard)
= matrix(
a data = c(3, 2),
nrow = 2
)
# Find a (standard)
%*% a B
[,1]
[1,] 5.72132
[2,] 2.52132
The coordinates for a in the standard basis sytem is:
\[ \mathbf{a} = \begin{bmatrix}5.721 \\ 2.521\end{bmatrix} \]
16.4 Final Thoughts
Although we have been working in two dimensions so it is easier to show these ideas visually, basis vectors and matrices can, of course, be expanded to define coordinate systems in higher dimensions. For example, to define the standard three-dimensional space, we use the following basis vectors:
\[ \mathbf{e}_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \qquad\mathbf{e}_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{bmatrix} \qquad\mathbf{e}_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix} \]
which can be expressed as the basis matrix B:
\[ \mathbf{B} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \]
In general, to define an n-dimensional space, we need n basis vectors of dimension \(n \times 1\), which create an \(n \times n\) basis matrix. This implies that the basis matrix will be square.
When we have a linear combinations that take on the form:
\[ \underset{n \times 1}{\mathbf{y}} = \underset{n \times n}{\mathbf{B}} ~\underset{n \times 1}{\mathbf{x}} \] where y and x are vectors and B is a square matrix, then y is the projection of the vector x (which is defined using the basis matrix B) onto the set of standard basis vectors.


What is Akka?
Scalable real-time transaction processing
We believe that writing correct concurrent, fault-tolerant and scalable applications is too hard. Most of the time it's because we are using the wrong tools and the wrong level of abstraction. Akka is here to change that. Using the Actor Model we raise the abstraction level and provide a better platform to build correct, concurrent, and scalable applications. For fault-tolerance we adopt the "Let it crash" model which the telecom industry has used with great success to build applications that self-heal and systems that never stop. Actors also provide the abstraction for transparent distribution and the basis for truly scalable and fault-tolerant applications.
Akka is Open Source and available under the Apache 2 License.
Download from http://typesafe.com/stack/downloads/akka/
Please note that all code samples compile, so if you want direct access to the sources, have a look over at the Akka Docs Project.
Akka implements a unique hybrid
Actors
Actors give you:
- Simple and high-level abstractions for concurrency and parallelism.
- Asynchronous, non-blocking and highly performant event-driven programming model.
- Very lightweight event-driven processes (approximately 2.7 million actors per GB RAM).
See Actors (Scala) and Untyped Actors (Java)
Fault Tolerance
- Supervisor hierarchies with "let-it-crash" semantics.
- Supervisor hierarchies can span over multiple JVMs to provide truly fault-tolerant systems.
- Excellent for writing highly fault-tolerant systems that self-heal and never stop.
Location Transparency
Everything in Akka is designed to work in a distributed environment: all interactions of actors use pure message passing and everything is asynchronous.
For an overview of the remoting see Location Transparency
Transactors
Transactors combine actors and Software Transactional Memory (STM) into transactional actors. It allows you to compose atomic message flows with automatic retry and rollback.
Scala and Java APIs
Akka has both a Scala Documentation and a Java Documentation.
Akka can be used in two different ways
- As a library: used by a web app, to be put into WEB-INF/lib or as a regular JAR on your classpath.
- As a microkernel: stand-alone kernel to drop your application into.
See the Use-case and Deployment Scenarios for details.
What happened to Cloudy Akka?
The commercial offering was earlier referred to as Cloudy Akka. This offering consisted of two things:
- Cluster support for Akka
- Monitoring & Management (formerly called Atmos)
Cloudy Akka has been discontinued and the Cluster support is now being moved into the Open Source version of Akka (the upcoming Akka 2.1), while Monitoring & Management (Atmos) has been re-branded as the Typesafe Console, which is now part of the commercial subscription for the Typesafe Stack (see below for details).
Typesafe Stack
Akka is now also part of the Typesafe Stack.
The Typesafe Stack is a modern software platform that makes it easy for developers to build scalable software applications. It combines the Scala programming language, Akka, the Play! web framework and robust developer tools in a simple package that integrates seamlessly with existing Java infrastructure.
The Typesafe Stack is all fully open source.
Typesafe Console
On top of the Typesafe Stack we also have a commercial product called Typesafe Console which provides the following features:
- Slick Web UI with real-time view into the system
- Management through Dashboard, JMX and REST
- Dapper-style tracing of messages across components and remote nodes
- Real-time statistics
- Very low overhead monitoring agents (should always be on in production)
- Consolidation of statistics and logging information to a single node
- Storage of statistics data for later processing
- Provisioning and rolling upgrades
Read more here.
Contents


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