"From "
line in traditional
UNIX mailbox files? My other mail program just considers every line
that starts with "From "
to be the start of the
message.Panda IMAP is available by donation.
1.1 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on UNIX/Linux/OSF/etc.?
Although ipop3d interoperates with imapd better than qpopper, imapd and qpopper will work together. The few qpopper/imapd interoperability issues mostly affect users who use both IMAP and POP3 clients; those users would probably be better served if their POP3 server is ipop3d.
If you are happy with qpopper and just want to add imapd, you should do that, and defer a decision on changing qpopper to ipop3d. That way, you can get comfortable with imapd's performance, without changing anything for your qpopper users.
Many sites have subsequently decided to change from qpopper to ipop3d in order to get better POP3/IMAP interoperability. If you need to do this, you'll know. There also seems to be a way to make qpopper work better with imapd; see the answer to the My qpopper users keep on getting the DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA if they also use Alpine or IMAP. How can I fix this? question.
1.3 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on Windows XP, 2000, NT, Me, 98, or 95?
There is no file access control on Windows 9x or Me, so you probably will have to do modifications to env_unix.c to prevent people from hacking others' mail.
Note, however, that the server is not plug and play the way it is for UNIX.
1.4 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on Windows 3.1 or
DOS?
1.5 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on
Macintosh?
1.6 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on
VAX/VMS?
1.7 Can I set up a POP or IMAP server on TOPS-20?
If IMAP2 (RFC 1176) is good enough for you, you can use MAPSER which is about the ultimate gonzo pure TOPS-20 extended addressing assembly language program. Unfortunately, IMAP2 is barely good enough for Alpine these days, and most other IMAP clients won't work with IMAP2 at all.
We don't know if anyone wrote a POP3 server for TOPS-20. There definitely was a POP2 server once upon a time.
Or you can port the POP and IMAP server from this IMAP toolkit to it. All that you need for a first stab is to port the MTX driver. That'll probably be just a couple of hours of hacking.
1.8 Are hierarchical mailboxes
supported?
1.9 Are "dual-use" mailboxes
supported?
1.10 Can I have a mailbox that has both messages and
sub-mailboxes?
Some mailbox formats, including the default which is the traditional UNIX mailbox format, are stored as a single file containing all the messages. UNIX does not permit a name in the filesystem to be both a file and a directory; consequently you can not have a sub-mailbox within a mailbox that is in one of these formats.
This is not a limitation of the software; this is a limitation of UNIX. For example, there are mailbox formats in which the name is a directory and each message is a file within that directory; these formats support sub-mailboxes within such mailboxes. However, for technical reasons, the "flat file" formats are generally preferred since they perform better. Read imap-2010/docs/formats.txt for more information on this topic.
It is always permissible to create a directory that is not a mailbox, and have sub-mailboxes under it. The easiest way to create a directory is to create a new mailbox inside a directory that doesn't already exist. For example, if you create "Mail/testbox" on UNIX, the directory "Mail/" will automatically be created and then the mailbox "testbox" will be created as a sub-mailbox of "Mail/".
It is also possible to create the name "Mail/" directly. Check the documentation for your client software to see how to do this with that software.
Of course, on Windows systems you would use "\" instead of "/".
1.11 What is the difference between "mailbox" and "folder"?
A "mailbox" is specifically defined as a named object that contains messages. It is not required to be capable of containing other types of objects including other mailboxes; although some mailbox formats will permit this.
In IMAP-speak, a mailbox which can not contain other mailboxes is called a "no-inferiors mailbox". Similarly, a directory which can not contain messages is not a mailbox and is called a "no-select name".
1.12 What is the status of internationalization?
Searching is supported in the following charsets: US-ASCII, UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-2, ISO-8859-3, ISO-8859-4, ISO-8859-5, ISO-8859-6, ISO-8859-7, ISO-8859-8, ISO-8859-9, ISO-8859-10, ISO-8859-11, ISO-8859-13, ISO-8859-14, ISO-8859-15, ISO-8859-16, KOI8-R, KOI8-U (alias KOI8-RU), TIS-620, VISCII, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-KR, ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-JP-1, ISO-2022-JP-2, GB2312 (alias CN-GB), CN-GB-12345, BIG5 (alias CN-BIG5), EUC-JP, EUC-KR, Shift_JIS, Shift-JIS, KS_C_5601-1987, KS_C_5601-1992, WINDOWS_874, WINDOWS-1250, WINDOWS-1251, WINDOWS-1252, WINDOWS-1253, WINDOWS-1254, WINDOWS-1255, WINDOWS-1256, WINDOWS-1257, WINDOWS-1258.
All ISO-2022-?? charsets are treated identically, and support ASCII, JIS Roman, hankaku katakana, ISO-8859-[1 - 10], TIS, GB 2312, JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212, KSC 5601, and planes 1 and 2 of CNS 11643.
EUC-JP includes support for JIS X 0212 and hankaku katakana.
c-client library support also exists to convert text in any of the above charsets into Unicode, including headers with MIME encoded-words.
There is no support for localization (e.g. non-English error messages) at the present time, but such support is planned.
1.14 Can I use TLS and the STARTTLS facility?
1.15 Can I use CRAM-MD5 authentication?
1.16 Can I use APOP authentication?
Note that there is no client support for APOP authentication.
1.18 Can I use PAM for plaintext passwords?
1.19 Can I use Kerberos 5 for plaintext passwords?
1.20 Can I use AFS for plaintext passwords?
1.21 Can I use DCE for plaintext passwords?
1.22 Can I use the CRAM-MD5 database for plaintext passwords?
1.23 Can I disable plaintext passwords?
1.26 Can I use RPOP authentication?
1.28 Is there support for S/Key or OTP?
1.29 Is there support for NTLM or SPA?
There may be an NTLM SASL authenticator available from third parties.
Non-legacy use of mh format is not encouraged. There is no support for permanent flags or unique identifiers; furthermore there are known severe performance problems with the mh format.
1.31 Is there support for qmail and the maildir format?
1.32 Is there support for the Cyrus mailbox format?
1.33 Is this software Y2K compliant?
2.1 What do I need to build this software with SSL on UNIX?
2.2 What do I need to build this software with Kerberos V on UNIX?
2.3 What do I need to use a C++ compiler with this software to build my own application?
If you use gcc, you may need to use -fno-operator-names as well.
2.4 What do I need to build this software on Windows?
You do not need to install the entire Platform SDK; it suffices to install just the Core SDK and the Internet Development SDK.
2.5 What do I need to build this software on DOS?
2.6 Can't I use Borland C to build this software on the PC?
2.7 What do I need to build this software on the Mac?
2.8 What do I need to build this software on VMS?
2.9 What do I need to build this software on TOPS-20?
2.10 What do I need to build this software on Amiga or OS/2?
2.11 What do I need to build this software on Windows CE?
3.1 How do I configure the IMAP and POP servers on
UNIX?
3.2 I built and installed the servers according to the
BUILD instructions. It can't be that easy. Don't I need to write a
config file?
Yes, it's that easy. There are some additional options, such as SSL or Kerberos, which require additional steps to build. See the relevant questions below.
3.3 How do I make the IMAP and POP servers look for
INBOX at some place other than the mail spool
directory?
3.4 How do I make the IMAP server look for secondary
folders at some place other than the user's home
directory?
3.5 How do I configure SSL?
3.6 How do I configure TLS and the STARTTLS
facility?
UNIX SSL build requires that a third-party software package, OpenSSL, be installed on the system first. Read imap-2010/docs/SSLBUILD for more information.
SSL is supported via undocumented Microsoft interfaces in Windows 9x and NT4; and via standard interfaces in Windows 2000, Windows Millenium, and Windows XP.
3.7 How do I build/install OpenSSL and obtain/create certificates for use with SSL?
3.8 How do I configure CRAM-MD5
authentication?
3.9 How do I configure APOP
authentication?
There is no support for APOP client authentication.
3.10 How do I configure Kerberos V5?
Kerberos V5 is supported by default in Windows 2000 builds:
nmake -f makefile.w2k
Other builds require that a third-party Kerberos package, e.g. MIT Kerberos, be installed on the system first.
To build with Kerberos V5 on UNIX, include EXTRAAUTHENTICATORS=gss in the make command line, e.g.
make lnp EXTRAAUTHENTICATORS=gss
To build with Kerberos V5 on Windows 9x, Windows Millenium, and NT4, use the "makefile.ntk" file instead of "makefile.nt":
nmake -f makefile.ntk
3.11 How do I configure PAM for plaintext passwords?
make lnpOn Solaris systems and other systems with defective PAM implementations, build with PASSWDTYPE=pmb, e.g.
make sol PASSWDTYPE=pmbOn all other systems, build with PASSWDTYPE=pam, e.g
make foo PASSWDTYPE=pamIf you build with PASSWDTYPE=pam and authentication does not work, try rebuilding (after a "make clean") with PASSWDTYPE=pmb.
Doing this will make plaintext password authentication use the Kerberos password instead of the /etc/passwd password.
However, this will NOT give you Kerberos-secure authentication. See the answer to the How do I configure Kerberos V5? question for how to build with Kerberos-secure authentication.
3.13 How do I configure Kerberos 5 for plaintext passwords?
make sol PASSWDTYPE=gssHowever, this will NOT give you Kerberos-secure authentication. See the answer to the How do I configure Kerberos V5? question for how to build with Kerberos-secure authentication.
3.14 How do I configure AFS for plaintext passwords?
make sol PASSWDTYPE=afs
3.15 How do I configure DCE for plaintext passwords?
make sol PASSWDTYPE=dce
3.16 How do I configure the CRAM-MD5 database for plaintext passwords?
Note that this is NOT CRAM-MD5-secure authentication. You probably want to consider disabling plaintext passwords for non-SSL/TLS sessions. See the next two questions.
3.17 How do I disable plaintext passwords?
make lnx EXTRAAUTHENTICATORS=gss PASSWDTYPE=nulNote that you must have a CRAM-MD5 database installed or specify at least one EXTRAAUTHENTICATOR, otherwise it will not be possible to log in to the server.
When plaintext passwords are disabled, the IMAP server will advertise the LOGINDISABLED capability and the POP3 server will not advertise the USER capability.
Do not set PASSWDTYPE=nul or SSLTYPE=unix. Set SSLTYPE=nopwd instead, e.g.
make lnx SSLTYPE=nopwd
When plaintext passwords are disabled, the IMAP server will advertise the LOGINDISABLED capability and the POP3 server will not advertise the USER capability.
Plaintext passwords will always be enabled in SSL sessions; the IMAP server will not advertise the LOGINDISABLED capability and the POP3 server will advertise the USER capability.
If the client does a successful start-TLS in a non-SSL session, plaintext passwords will be enabled, and a new CAPABILITY or CAPA command (which is required after start-TLS) will show the effect as in SSL sessions.
3.19 How do I configure virtual hosts?
The most important one is that each virtual host must have its own IP address; otherwise the server has no way of knowing which virtual host is desired.
As distributed, the software uses a global password file; hence user "fred" on one virtual host is "fred" on all virtual hosts. You may want to modify the checkpw() routine to implement some other policy (e.g. separate password files).
Note that the security model assumes that all users have their own unique UNIX UID number. So if you use separate password files you should make certain that the UID numbers do not overlap between different files.
More advanced virtual host support may be available as patches from third parties.
3.20 Why do I get compiler warning messages such as:
passing arg 3 of `scandir' from incompatible pointer type Pointers are not assignment-compatible. Argument #4 is not the correct type.
during the build?
Over the years, the prototype for scandir() has changed, and thus is variant across different UNIX platforms. In particular, the definitions of the third argument (type select_t) and fourth argument (type compar_t) have changed over the years, the issue being whether or not the arguments to the functions pointed to by these function pointers are of type const or not.
The way that c-client calls scandir() will tend to generate these compiler warnings on newer systems such as Linux; however, it will still build. The problem with fixing the call is that then it won't build on older systems.
3.21 Why do I get compiler warning messages such as
Operation between types "void(*)(int)" and "void*" is not allowed. Function argument assignment between types "void*" and "void(*)(int)" is not allowed. Pointers are not assignment-compatible. Argument #5 is not the correct type.
during the build?
All known systems have no problem with casting a function pointer to/from a void* pointer, certain C compilers issue a compiler diagnostic because this facility is listed as a "Common extension" by the C standard:
K.5.7 Function pointer casts [#1] A pointer to an object or to void may be cast to a pointer to a function, allowing data to be invoked as a function (6.3.4). [#2] A pointer to a function may be cast to a pointer to an object or to void, allowing a function to be inspected or modified (for example, by a debugger) (6.3.4).It may be just a "common extension", but this facility is relied upon heavily by c-client.
3.22 Why do I get linker warning messages such as:
mtest.c:515: the `gets' function is dangerous and should not be used.
during the build? Isn't this a security bug?
Certain linkers, most notably on Linux, give this warning message. It is indeed true that the traditional gets() function is not a safe one.
However, the mtest program is only a demonstration program, a model of a very basic application program using c-client. It is not something that you would install, much less run in any security-sensitive context.
mtest has numerous other shortcuts that you wouldn't want to do in a real application program.
The only "security bug" with mtest would be if it was run by some script in a security-sensitive context, but mtest isn't particularly useful for such purposes. If you wanted to write a script to automate some email task using c-client, you'd be better off using imapd instead of mtest.
mtest only has two legitimate uses. It's a useful testbed for me when debugging new versions of c-client, and it's useful as a model for someone writing a simple c-client application to see how the various calls work.
By the way, if you need a more advanced example of c-client programming than mtest (and you probably will), I recommend that you look at the source code for imapd and Alpine.
3.23 Why do I get linker warning messages such as:
auth_ssl.c:92: the `tmpnam' function is dangerous and should not be used.
during the build? Isn't this a security bug?
Certain linkers, most notably on Linux, give this warning message, based upon two known issues with tmpnam():
Neither of these issues applies in the particular use that is made of tmpnam(). More importantly, the tmpnam() call is never executed on Linux systems.
4.1 How can I enable anonymous IMAP logins?
4.2 How do I set up an alert message that each IMAP user will see?
However, and this is very important, note that using an alternative mailbox format is an advanced facility, and only expert users should undertake it. If you don't understand any of the following notes, you may not be enough of an expert yet, and are probably better off not going this route until you are more comfortable with your understanding.
Some of the formats, including mix, are only supported by the software based on the c-client library, and are not recognized by other mailbox programs. The "vi" editor may corrupt mailboxes written in these formats.
Another problem is that the certain formats, including mix and mbx, use advanced file access and locking techniques that do not work reliably with NFS. NFS is not a real filesystem. Use IMAP instead of NFS for distributed access.
Each of the following steps are in escalating order of involvement. The further you go down this list, the more deeply committed you become:
Most other servers (e.g. Cyrus) require use of a non-standard format. A full-fledged format conversion is not significantly different from what you have to do with other servers. The difference, which makes format conversion procedures somewhat more complicated with this server, is that there is no "all or nothing" requirement with this server. There are many points in between. A format conversion can be anything from a single mailbox or single user, to systemwide.
This is good in that you can decide how far to go, or do the steps incrementally as you become more comfortable with the result. On the other hand, there's no "One True Way" which can be boiled down to a simple set of pedagogical instructions.
A number of sites have done full-fledged format conversions, and are reportedly quite happy with the results. Feel free to ask in the comp.mail.imap newsgroup for help.
4.6 How do I set up shared mailboxes?
chmod 666 mailbox
You may want to consider the use of a mailbox format which permits multiple simultaneous read/write sessions, such as the mix format. The traditional UNIX format only allows one read/write session to a mailbox at a time.
An additional convenience item are three system directories, which can be set up for shared namespaces. These are: #ftp, #shared, and #public, and are defined by creating the associated UNIX users and home directories as described below.
#ftp/ refers to the anonymous ftp filesystem exported by the ftp server, and is equivalent to the home directory for UNIX user "ftp". For example, #ftp/foo/bar refers to the file /foo/bar in the anonymous FTP filesystem, or ~ftp/foo/bar for normal users. Anonymous FTP files are available to anonymous IMAP logins. By default, newly-created files in #ftp/ are protected 644.
#public/ refers to an IMAP toolkit convention called "public" files, and is equivalent to the home directory for UNIX user "imappublic". For example, #public/foo/bar refers to the file ~imappublic/foo/bar. Public files are available to anonymous IMAP logins. By default, newly-created files in #public are created with protection 0666.
#shared/ refers to an IMAP toolkit convention called "shared" files, and is equivalent to the home directory for UNIX user "imapshared". For example, #shared/foo/bar refers to the file ~imapshared/foo/bar. Shared files are not available to anonymous IMAP logins. By default, newly-created files in #shared are created with protection 0660.
4.7 How can I make the server syslogs go to someplace other than the mail syslog?
Refer to the man pages for syslog and syslogd for more information on what the available syslog facilities are and how to configure syslogs. If you still don't understand what to do, find a UNIX system expert.
If, and only if, you deny your IMAP users shell access, you may want to consider one of three choices. Note that these choices reduce IMAP functionality, and may have undesirable side effects. Each of these choices involves an edit to file src/osdep/unix/env_unix.c
The first (and recommended) choice is to set restrictBox as described in file CONFIG. This will disable access to the filesystem root, to other users' home directory, and to superior directory.
The second (and strongly NOT recommended) choice is to set closedBox as described in file CONFIG. This puts each IMAP session into a so-called "chroot jail", and thus setting this option is extremely dangerous; it can make your system much less secure and open to root compromise attacks. So do not use this option unless you are absolutely certain that you understand all the issues of a "chroot jail."
The third choice is to rewrite routine mailboxfile() to implement whatever mapping from mailbox name to filesystem name (and restrictions) that you wish. This is the most general choice. As a guide, you can see at the start of routine mailboxfile() what the restrictBox choice does.
5.2 I've heard that IMAP servers are insecure. Is this true?
As with other software packages, there have been buffer overflow vulnerabilities in past versions. All known problems of this nature are fixed in this version.
There is every reason to believe that the bad guys are engaged in an ongoing effort to find vulnerabilities in the IMAP toolkit. We look for such problems, and when one is found we fix it.
It's unfortunate that any vulnerabilities existed in past versions, and we're doing my best to keep the IMAP toolkit free of vulnerabilities. No new vulnerabilities have been discovered in quite a while, but efforts will not be relaxed.
Beware of vendors who claim that their implementations can not have vulnerabilities.
5.3 How do I know that I have the most secure version of the server?
Oldtimers used to refer to a concept of software rot: if your software hasn't been updated in a while, it would "rot" -- tend to acquire problems that it didn't have when it was new.
Unfortunately, UW IMAP is rapidly succumbing to "software rot", as it is no longer being developed or maintained. If you have not yet switched to Panda IMAP, you should seriously consider doing so.
Panda IMAP is available by donation. Donors are given a URL which they can use to download Panda IMAP, including future versions.
5.4 I see all these strcpy() and sprintf() calls, those are unsafe, aren't they?
It can be unsafe to do these calls if you do not know that the string being written will fit in the buffer. However, they are perfectly safe if you do know that.
Beware of programmers who advocate doing a brute-force change of all instances of
strcpy (s,t);to
strncpy (s,t,n)[n] = '\0';and similar measures in the name of "fixing all possible buffer overflows."
There are examples in which a security bug was introduced because of this type of "fix", due to the programmer using the wrong value for n. In one case, the programmer thought that n was larger than it actually was, causing a NUL to be written out of the buffer; in another, n was too small, and a security credential was truncated.
What is particularly ironic was that in both cases, the original strcpy() was safe, because the size of the source string was known to be safe.
With all this in mind, the software has been inspected, and it is believed that all places where buffer overflows can happen have been fixed. The strcpy()s that are still are in the code occur after a size check was done in some other way.
Note that the common C idiom of
*s++ = c;is just as vulnerable to buffer overflows. You can't cure buffer overflows by outlawing certain functions, nor is it desirable to do so; sometimes operations like strcpy() translate into fast machine instructions for better performance.
Nothing replaces careful study of code. That's how the bad guys find bugs. Security is not accomplished by means of brute-force shortcuts.
5.5 Those /tmp lock files are protected 666, is that really right?
The deliberate mischief that can be caused by fiddling with the lock files is small-scale; harassment level at most. There are many -- and much more effective -- other ways of harassing another user on UNIX. It's usually not difficult to determine the culprit.
Before worrying about deliberate mischief, worry first about things happening by accident!
6.1 Why don't you use GNU autoconfig / automake / autoblurdybloop?
Coaxing software that uses autoconfig to build properly on platforms which were not specifically considered by that software wastes an inordinate amount of time. When (not if) autoconfig fails to do the right thing, the result is an inpenetrable morass to untangle in order to find the problem and fix it.
The concept behind autoconfig is good, but the execution is flawed. It rarely does the right thing on a platform that wasn't specifically considered.  Doesn't it waste disk and memory space?
There will be no new ports added without -g (or a suitable alternative) being set.
-g has not been arbitrarily added to the ports which do not currently have it because we don't know if doing so would break the build. However, any support issues with one of those port will lead to the correct -g setting being determined and permanently added.
Processors are fast enough (and disk space is cheap enough) that -g should be automatic in all compilers with no way of turning it off, and /bin/strip should be a symlink to /bin/true. Human life is too short to deal with binaries built without -g. Such binaries should be a bad memory of the days of KIPS processors and disks that costs several dollars per kilobyte.
6.3 Why don't you make c-client a shared library?
Remember that you only gain the benefit of a shared library when there are multiple applications which use that shared library. Even without shared libraries, on most modern operating systems (and many ancient ones too!) applications will share their text segments between across multiple processes running the same application. This means that if your system only runs one application (e.g. imapd) that uses the c-client library, then you gain no benefit from making c-client a shared library even if it has 100 imapd processes. You will, however suffer added complexity.
If you have a server system that just runs imapd and ipop3d, then making c-client a shared library will save just one copy of c-client no matter how many IMAP/POP3 processes are running.
The problem with shared libraries is that you have to keep around a copy of the library every time something changes in the library that would affect the interface the library presents to the application. So, you end up having many copies of the same shared library.
If you don't keep multiple copies of the shared library, then one of two things happens. If there was proper versioning, then you'll get a message such as "cannot open shared object file" or "minor versions don't match" and the application won't run. Otherwise, the application will run, but will fail in mysterious ways.
Several sites and third-party distributors have modified the c-client makefile in order to make c-client be a shared library. When (not if) a c-client based application fails in mysterious ways because of a library compatibility problem, the result is a bug report. A lot of time and effort ends up getting wasted investigating such bug reports.
Memory is so cheap these days that it's not worth it. Human life is too short to deal with shared library compatibility problems.
6.4 Why don't you use iconv() for internationalization support?
6.5 Why is the IMAP server connected to the home directory by default?
The IMAP server also doesn't know whether your preferred subdirectory for mailbox files is "mail/", ".mail/", "Mail/", "Mailboxes/", or any of a zillion other possibilities. If one such name were chosen, it would undoubtably anger the partisans of all the other names.
It is possible to modify the software so that the default connected directory is someplace else. Please read the file CONFIG for discussion of this and other issues.
6.6 I have a Windows system. Why isn't the server plug and play for me?
So there's no default by which to make assumptions. As the software is set up, it assumes that the each user has an Windows login account and private home directory, and that mail is stored on that home directory as files in one of the popular UNIX formats. It also assumes that there is some tool equivalent to inetd on UNIX that does the TCP/IP listening and server startup.
Basically, unless you're an email software hacker, you probably want to look elsewhere if you want IMAP/POP servers for Windows.
SChannel has a bug that makes it think that the maximum SSL data payload size is 16379 bytes -- 5 bytes too small. Thus, c-client has to make sure that it never transmits full sized SSL packets.
The reason for using 8K (as opposed to, say, 16379 bytes, or 15K, or...) is that it corresponds with the TCP buffer size that the software uses elsewhere for input; there's a slight performance benefit to having the two sizes correspond or at least be a multiple of each other. Also, it keeps the size as a power of two, which might be significant on some platforms.
There wasn't a significant difference that we could measure between 8K and 15K.
Microsoft has developed a hotfix for this bug. Look up MSKB article number 300562. Contrary to the article text which implies that this is a Alpine issue, this bug also affects Microsoft Exchange server with any client that transmits full-sized SSL payloads.
6.8 Why is an mh format INBOX called #mhinbox instead of just INBOX?
When the mh driver used INBOX, it would see the mh profile, and proceed to move the user's INBOX into the mh format INBOX. This caused considerable confusion as some things stopped working.
6.9 Why don't you support the maildir format?
No one has succeeded in accomplishing all four together. The various maildir drivers offered as patches all have these problems. The problem is exacerbated because this implementation supports multiple formats; consequently this implementation can't make any performance shortcuts by assuming that all the world is maildir.
We can't do a better job than the maildir fan community has done with their maildir drivers. Similarly, if the maildir fan community provides the maildir driver, they take on the responsibility for answering maildir-specific support questions. This is as it should be, and that is why maildir support is left to the maildir fan community.
6.10 Why don't you support the Cyrus format?
If you want to use Cyrus mailbox format, you should use the Cyrus server, which is the native implementation of that format and is specifically optimized for that format. That's also why Cyrus doesn't implement any other format.
6.11 Why is it creating extra forks on my SVR4 system?
This design flaw causes unexpected loss of lock, and consequent mailbox corruption. The workaround is to do certain "dangerous operations" in another fork, thus avoiding doing a close() in the vulnerable fork.
The best way to solve this problem is to upgrade your SVR4 (Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, SGI) or OSF/1 system to a more advanced operating system, such as Linux or BSD. These more advanced operating systems have fcntl() locking for compatibility with SVR4, but also have flock() locking.
Beware of certain SVR4 systems, such as AIX, which have an "flock()" function in their C library that is just a jacket that does an fcntl() lock. This is not a true flock(), and has the same design flaw as fcntl().
"From "
is treated as the start of a message, then
every message text line which starts with "From "
has
to be quoted (typically by prefixing a ">" character). People
complain about this -- "why did a > get stuck in my message?"
So, good mail reading software only considers a line to be a
"From "
line if it follows the actual specification
for a "From " line. This means, among other things, that the day of
week is fixed-format: "May 14"
, but
"May 7"
(note the extra space) as opposed to
"May 7"
. ctime() format for the date is the most
common, although POSIX also allows a numeric timezone after the
year. For compatibility with ancient software, the seconds are optional,
the timezone may appear before the year, the old 3-letter timezones are
also permitted, and "remote from xxx" may appear after the whole
thing.
Unfortunately, some software written by novices use other formats.
The most common error is to have a variable-width day of month, perhaps
in the erroneous belief that RFC 2822 (or RFC 822) defines the format of
the date/time in the "From "
line (it doesn't; no RFC
describes internal formats). I've seen a few other goofs, such as a
single-digit second, but these are less common.
 If you must do it yourself, use ctime(), as in:
fprintf (mbx,"From %s@%h %s",user,host,ctime (time (0)));rather than try to figure out a good format yourself. ctime() is the most traditional format and nobody will flame you for using it.
6.13 Why is traditional UNIX format the default format?
First, it establishes the mailbox format even when the mailbox has no messages. Otherwise, a mailbox with no messages is a zero-byte file, which could be one of several formats.
Second, it holds mailbox metadata used by IMAP: the UID validity, the last assigned UID, and mailbox keywords. Without this metadata, which must be preserved even when the mailbox has no messages, the traditional UNIX format wouldn't be able to support the full capabilities of IMAP.
One problem with doing that is that if some external program removes the first message, the metadata is lost and must be recreated, thus losing any prior UID or keyword list status that IMAP clients may depend upon.
Another problem is that this doesn't help if the last message is deleted. This will result in an empty mailbox, and the necessity to create a FOLDER INTERNAL DATA message.
6.16 Why aren't "dual-use" mailboxes the default?
6.17 Why do you use ucbcc to build on Solaris?
Of all the names in the most common path, ucbcc is the only name to be found (on /usr/ccs/bin) that points to a suitable compiler. cc is likely to be /usr/ucb/cc which is absolutely not the compiler that you want. The real SVR4 cc is probably something like /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc which is rarely in anyone's path by default.
ucbcc is probably a link to acc, e.g. /opt/SUNWspro/SC4.0/bin/acc, and is the UCB C compiler using the SVR4 libraries.
If ucbcc isn't on your system, then punt on the SUN C compiler and use gcc instead (the gso port instead of the sol port).
If, in spite of all the above warnings, you choose to change "ucbcc" to "cc", you will probably find that the -O2 needs to be changed to -O. If you don't get any error messages with -O2, that's a pretty good indicator that you goofed and are running the compiler that will link with the BSD libraries.
To recap:
Too many sites have fallen victim to this problem.
6.19 Why do you insist upon writing .lock files in the spool directory?
6.20 Why should I care about compatibility with the past?
7.1 Help! My INBOX is empty! What happened to my messages?
From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mon May 7 20:54:30 2001
From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mon May 7 20:54:30 2001
7.4 Why can't I log in to the server? The user name and password are right!
Here are some of the more common reasons why login may fail:
This is not a problem in the server; the client is really asking for all those server sessions. Unfortunately, there isn't much that the POP and IMAP servers can do about it; they don't spawned themselves.
Some sites have added code to record the number of server sessions spawned per user per hour, and disable login for a user who has exceeded a predetermined rate. This doesn't stop the servers from being spawned; it just means that a server session will commit suicide a bit faster.
Another possibility is to detect excessive server spawning activity at the level where the server is spawned, which would be inetd or possibly tcpd. The problem here is that this is a hard time to quantify. 50 sessions in a minute from a multi-user timesharing system may be perfectly alright, whereas 10 sessions a minute from a PC may be too much.
The real solution is to fix the client configuration, by disabling those evil features. Also tell the vendors of those clients how you feel about distributing denial-of-service attack tools in the guise of mail reading programs.
7.6 Why does mail disappear even though I set "keep
mail on server"?
7.7 Why do I get the message Moved #####
bytes of new mail to /home/user/mbox from /var/spool/mail/user
and why did this happen?
To disable this behavior, delete "mbox" from the EXTRADRIVERS list in the top-level Makefile and rebuild. Note that if you do this, users won't be able to access the messages that have already been moved to mbox unless they open mbox instead of INBOX.
7.8 Why isn't it showing the local host name as a
fully-qualified domain name?
7.9 Why is the local host name in the
From/Sender/Message-ID headers of outgoing mail not coming out as a
fully-qualified domain name?
<IP_ADDRESS> myserver.example.com myserver
A common mistake of novice system administrators is to have the short name first, e.g.
<IP_ADDRESS> myserver myserver.example.com
or to omit the fully qualified domain name entirely, e.g.
<IP_ADDRESS> myserver
The result of this is that when the IMAP toolkit does a gethostbyname() call to get the fully-qualified domain name, it would get "myserver" instead of "myserver.example.com".
On some systems, a configuration file (typically named /etc/svc.conf, /etc/netsvc.conf, or /etc/nsswitch.conf) can be used to configure the system to use the domain name system (DNS) instead of /etc/hosts, so it doesn't matter if /etc/hosts is misconfigured.
Check the man pages for gethostbyname, hosts, svc, and/or netsvc for more information.
Unfortunately, certain vendors, most notably SUN, have failed to make this clear in their documentation. Most of SUN's documentation assumes a corporate network that is not connected to the Internet.
net.folklore once (late 1980s) held that the proper procedure was to append the results of getdomainname() to the name returned by gethostname(), and some versions of sendmail configuration files were distributed that did this. This was incorrect; the string returned from getdomainname() is the Yellow Pages (a.k.a NIS) domain name, which is a completely different (albeit unfortunately named) entity from an Internet domain. These were often fortuitously the same string, except when they weren't. Frequently, this would result in host names with spuriously doubled domain names, e.g.
myserver.example.com.example.com
This practice has been thoroughly discredited for many years, but folklore dies hard.
The IMAP toolkit does not run with any special privileges, and I plan to keep it that way. It is antithetical to the concept of a toolkit if users can't write their own programs to use it. Also, I've had enough bad experiences with security bugs while running privileged; the IMAP and POP servers have to be root when not logged in, in order to be able to log themselves in. I don't want to go any deeper down that slippery slope.
Directory protection 1777 is secure enough on most well-managed systems. If you can't trust your users with a 1777 mail spool (petty harassment is about the limit of the abuse exposure), then you have much worse problems then that.
If you absolutely insist upon requiring privileges to create a lock file, external file locking can be done via a setgid mail program named /etc/mlock (this is defined by LOCKPGM in the c-client Makefile). If the toolkit is unable to create a <...mailbox...>.lock file in the directory by itself, it will try to call mlock to do it. I do not recommend doing this for performance reasons.
A sample mlock program is included as part of imap-2010. We have tried to make this sample program secure, but it has not been thoroughly audited.
Make sure that the /tmp directory is protected 1777. Some security scripts incorrectly set the protection of the /tmp directory to 775, which disables /tmp for all non-privileged programs.
7.12 What does the message: Can't get write access to mailbox, access is readonly mean?
chmod 1777 /tmpas root.
Make sure that your POP3 client issues a QUIT command when it finishes. The POP3 protocol specifies that deletions are discarded unless a proper QUIT is done.
Make sure that you are not opening multiple POP3 sessions to the same mailbox. It is a requirement of the POP3 protocol than only one POP3 session be in effect to a mailbox at a time, however some, poorly-written POP3 clients violate this. Also, some background "check for new mail" tasks also cause a violation. See the answer to the What does the syslog message: Killed (lost mailbox lock) user=... host=... mean? question for more details.
7.14 What do messages such as:
Message ... UID ... already has UID ... Message ... UID ... less than ... Message ... UID ... greater than last ... Invalid UID ... in message ..., rebuilding UIDs
mean?
This problem is relatively harmless; a new valid unique identifier regime will be created. The main effect is that any references to the old UIDs will no longer be useful.
So, unless it is a chronic problem or you feel like debugging, you can safely ignore these messages.
7.15 What do the error messages:
Unable to read internal header at ... Unable to find CRLF at ... Unable to parse internal header at ... Unable to parse message date at ... Unable to parse message flags at ... Unable to parse message UID at ... Unable to parse message size at ... Last message (at ... ) runs past end of file ...
mean? I am using mbx format.
You should make an effort to find out why the corruption happened. Was there an obvious system problem (crash or disk failure)? Did the user accidentally access the file via NFS? Mailboxes don't get corrupted by themselves; something caused the problem.
Some people have developed automated scripts, but if you're comfortable using emacs it's pretty easy to fix it manually. Do not use vi or any other editor unless you are certain that editor can handle binary!!!
If you are not comfortable with emacs, or if the file is too large to read with emacs, see the "step-by-step" technique later on for another way of doing it.
After the word "at" in the error message is the byte position it got to when it got unhappy with the file, e.g. if you see:
Unable to parse internal header at 43921: ne bombastic blurdybloopThe problem occurs at the 43,931 byte in the file. That's the point you need to fix. c-client is expecting an internal header at that byte number, looking something like:
6-Jan-1998 17:42:24 -0800,1045;000000100001-00000001The format of this internal line is:
dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss +zzzz,ssss;ffffffffFFFF-UUUUUUUUThe only thing that is variable is the "ssss" field, it can be as many digits as needed. All other fields (inluding the "dd") are fixed width. So, the easiest thing to do is to look forward in the file for the next internal header, and delete everything from the error point to that internal header.
Here's what to do if you want to be smarter and do a little bit more work. Generally, you're in the middle of a message, and there's nothing wrong with that message. The problem happened in the *previous* message. So, search back to the previous internal header. Now, remember that "ssss" field? That's the size of that message.
Mark where you are in the file, move the cursor to the line after the internal header, and skip that many bytes ("ssss") forward. If you're at the point of the error in the file, then that message is corrupt. If you're at a different point, then perhaps the previous message is corrupt and has a too long size count that "ate" into this message.
Basically, what you need to do is make sure that all those size counts are right, and that moving "ssss" bytes from the line after the internal header will land you at another internal header.
Usually, once you know what you're looking at, it's pretty easy to work out the corruption, and the best remedial action. Repair scripts will make the problem go away but may not always do the smartest/best salvage of the user's data. Manual repair is more flexible and usually preferable.
Here is a step-by-step technique for fixing corrupt mbx files that's a bit cruder than the procedure outlined above, but works for any size file.
In this example, suppose that the corrupt file is INBOX, the error message is
Unable to find CRLF at 132551754and the size of the INBOX file is 132867870 bytes.
The first step is to split the mailbox file at the point of the error:
Now, remove the erroneous data:
Reassemble the mailbox:
Reinstall INBOX.new as INBOX:
You now have a working INBOX, as well as two files with corrupted data (badmsg.1 and badmsg.2). There may be some useful data in the two badmsg files that you might want to try salvaging; otherwise you can delete the two badmsg files.
7.16 What do the syslog messages:
imap/tcp server failing (looping) pop3/tcp server failing (looping)
mean? When it happens, the listed service shuts down. How can I fix this?
inetd has a limit of 40 new server sessions per minute for any particular service. If more than 40 sessions are initiated in a minute, inetd will issue the "failing (looping), service terminated" message and shut down the service for 10 minutes. inetd does this to prevent system resource consumption by a client which is spawning infinite numbers of servers. It should be noted that this is a denial of service; however for some systems the alternative is a crash which would be a worse denial of service!
For larger server systems, the limit of 40 is much too low. The limit was established many years ago when a system typically only ran a few dozen servers.
On some versions of inetd, such as the one distributed with most versions of Linux, you can modify the /etc/inetd.conf file to have a larger number of servers by appending a period followed by a number after the nowait word for the server entry. For example, if your existing /etc/inetd.conf line reads:
imap stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/imapd imapdtry changing it to be:
imap stream tcp nowait.100 root /usr/etc/imapd imapdAnother example (using TCP wrappers):
imap stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd imapdtry changing it to be:
imap stream tcp nowait.100 root /usr/sbin/tcpd imapdto increase the limit to 100 sessions/minute.
Before making this change, please read the information in "man inetd" to determine whether or not your inetd has this feature. If it does not, and you make this change, the likely outcome is that you will disable IMAP service entirely.
Another way to fix this problem is to edit the inetd.c source code (provided by your UNIX system vendor) to set higher limits, rebuild inetd, install the new binary, and reboot your system. This should only be done by a UNIX system expert. In the inetd.c source code, the limits TOOMANY (normally 40) is the maximum number of new server sessions permitted per minute, and RETRYTIME (normally 600) is the number of seconds inetd will shut down the server after it exceeds TOOMANY.
chmod 1777 /tmpas root.
If that isn't the answer, check the protection of the named file. If it is something other than 666, then either someone is hacking or some "helpful" person modified the code to have a different default lock file protection.
7.18 What do the syslog messages:
Command stream end of file, while reading line user=... host=... Command stream end of file, while reading char user=... host=... Command stream end of file, while writing text user=... host=...
mean?
In many cases, this is perfectly normal; many client implementations are impolite and do this. Some programmers think this sort of rudeness is "more efficient".
The condition could, however, indicate a client or network connectivity problem. The server has no way of knowing whether there's a problem or just a rude client, so it issues this message instead of a Logout.
Certain inferior losing clients disconnect abruptly after a failed login, and instead of saying that the login failed, just say that they can't access the mailbox. They then complain to the system manager, who looks in the syslog and finds this message. Not very helpful, eh? See the answer to the Why can't I log in to the server? The user name and password are right! question.
If the user isn't reporting a problem, you can probably ignore this message.
The servers assume that if a second session attempts to open the mailbox, that means that the first session is probably owned by an abandoned client. The common scenario here is a user who leaves his client running at the office, and then tries to read his mail from home. Through an internal mechanism called kiss of death, the second session requests the first session to kill itself. When the first session receives the "kiss of death", it issues the "Killed (lost mailbox lock)" syslog message and terminates. The second session then seizes read/write access, and becomes the new "first" session.
Certain poorly-designed clients routinely open multiple sessions to the same mailbox; the users of those clients tend to get this message a lot.
Another cause of this message is a background "check for new mail" task which does its work by opening a POP session to server every few seconds. They do this because POP doesn't have a way to announce new mail.
The solution to both situations is to replace the client with a good online IMAP client such as Alpine. Life is too short to waste on POP clients and poorly-designed IMAP clients.
7.20 Why does my IMAP client show all the files on the
system, recursively from the UNIX root directory?
7.21 Why does my IMAP client show all of my files,
recursively from my UNIX home directory?
This behavior has also been observed in some third-party c-client drivers, including maildir drivers. Consequently, this problem has even been observed in Alpine. It is important to understand that this is not a problem in Alpine or c-client; it is a problem in the third-party driver. A Alpine built without that third-party driver will not have this problem.
See also the answer to Why does my IMAP client show all my files in my home directory?
A few poorly-designed clients display all namespace names as if they were top-level mailboxes in a user's list of mailboxes, whether or not they actually exist. This is a flaw in those clients.
7.23 Why does my IMAP client show all my files in my home directory?
Most clients have an option to configure your connected directory on the IMAP server. For example, in Alpine you can specify this as the "Path" in your folder-collection, e.g.
Nickname : Secondary Folders Server : imap.example.com Path : mail/ View :In this example, the user is connected to the "mail" subdirectory of his home directory.
Other servers call this the "folder prefix" or similar term.
It is possible to modify the IMAP server so that all users are automatically connected to some other directory, e.g. a subdirectory of the user's home directory. Read the file CONFIG for more details.
The IDENT protocol is a well-known bad idea that does not deliver any real security but causes incredible problems. The idea is that this will give the server a record of the user name, or at least what some program listening on port 113 says is the user name. So, if somebody coming from port nnnnn on a system does something bad, IDENT may give you the userid of the bad guy.
The problem is, IDENT is only meaningful on a timesharing system which has an administrator who is privileged and users who are not. It is of no value on a personal system which has no separate concept of "system administrator" vs. "unprivileged user".
On either type of system, security-minded people either turn IDENT off or replace it with an IDENT server that lies. Among other things, IDENT gives spammers the ability to harvest email addresses from anyone who connects to a web page.
This problem has been showing up quite frequently on systems which use xinetd instead of inetd. Look for files named /etc/xinetd.conf, /etc/xinetd.d/imapd, /etc/inetd.d/ipop2d, and /etc/xinetd.d/ipop3d. In those files, look for lines containing "USERID", e.g.
log_on_success += USERIDHunt down such lines, and delete them ruthlessly from all files in which they occur. Don't be shy about it.
As you may have noticed, neither of these are actual problems in the IMAP or POP servers; they are configuration issues with either your system or your network infrastructure. If this is all new to you, run (don't walk) to the nearest technical bookstore and get yourself a good pedagogical text on system administration for the type of system you are running.
rsh imapserver exec /etc/rimapd(or ssh if that is enabled) returns with a "* PREAUTH" response, it will use the resulting rsh session as the IMAP session and not require an authentication step on the server.
Unfortunately, rsh has a design error that treats "TCP connection refused" as "temporary failure, try again"; it expects the "rsh not allowed" case to be implemented as a successful connection followed by an error message and close the connection.
It must be emphasized that this is a bug in rsh. It is not a bug in the IMAP toolkit.
The use of rsh can be disabled in any the following ways:
{imapserver.foo.com:143}INBOX
mail_parameters (NIL,SET_RSHTIMEOUT,0);
7.26 Why does a message sometimes get split into two or more messages on my SUN system?
The second problem is that the mail delivery agent assumes that mail reading programs will not use the traditional UNIX mailbox format but instead an incompatible variant that depends upon a Content-Length: message header. Content-Length is widely recognized to have been a terrible mistake, and is no longer recommended for use in mail (it is used in other facilities that use MIME).
One symptom of the problem is that under certain circumstances, a message may get broken up into several messages. I'm also aware of security bugs caused by programs that foolishly trust "Content-Length:" headers with evil values.
To fix the mailer on your system, edit your sendmail.cf to change the Mlocal line to have the -E flag. A typical entry will lool like:
Mlocal, P=/usr/lib/mail.local, F=flsSDFMmnPE, S=10, R=20, A=mail.local -d $uThis fix will also work around the problem with mail tool, because it will insert a ">" before the internal header line to prevent it from being interpreted by mail reading software as an internal header line.
7.27 Why did my POP or IMAP session suddenly disconnect? The syslog has the message:
Autologout user=<...my user name...> host=<...my client system...>
In the case of IMAP, it failed to communicate with the IMAP server for over 30 minutes; in the case of POP, it failed to communicate with the POP server for over 10 minutes.
7.28 What does the UNIX error message:
TLS/SSL failure: myserver: SSL negotiation failed
mean?
7.29 What does the PC error message:
TLS/SSL failure: myserver: Unexpected TCP input disconnect
mean?
Use the /notls option in the mailbox name to disable TLS negotiation.
Use the /novalidate-cert option in the mailbox name to disable validation of the certificate.
7.31 What does the UNIX error message:
TLS/SSL failure: myserver: self-signed certificate
mean?
7.32 What does the PC error message:
TLS/SSL failure: myserver: Self-signed certificate or untrusted
authority mean?
Use the /novalidate-cert option in the mailbox name to disable validation of the certificate.
If CA certificates are properly installed, you should see factory.pem and about a dozen other .pem names such as thawteCb.pem.
As a workaround, you can use the /novalidate-cert option in the mailbox name to disable validation of the certificate; however, note that you are then vulnerable to various security attacks by bad guys.
The correct fix is to copy all the files from the certs/ directory in the OpenSSL distribution to the /usr/local/ssl/certs (or whatever) directory. Note that you need to do this after building OpenSSL, because the OpenSSL build creates a number of needed symbolic links. For some bizarre reason, the OpenSSL "make install" doesn't do this for you, so you must do it manually.
7.34 Why does reading certain messages hang when using Netscape? It works fine with Alpine!
Check the mail syslog. If you see the message "Killed (lost mailbox lock)" for the impacted user(s), read the FAQ entry regarding that message.
Check the affected mailbox to see if there are embedded NUL characters in the message. NULs in message texts are a technical violation of both the message format and IMAP specifications. Most clients don't care, but apparently Netscape does.
You can work around this by rebuilding imapd with the NETSCAPE_BRAIN_DAMAGE option set (see src/imapd/Makefile); this will cause imapd to convert all NULs to 0x80 characters. A better solution is to enable the feature in your MTA to MIME-convert messages with binary content. See the documentation for your MTA for how to do this.
You can work around this by rebuilding imapd with the NETSCAPE_BRAIN_DAMAGE option set (see src/imapd/Makefile) to a URL that points either to an alternative IMAP client (e.g. Alpine) or perhaps to a homebrew mail account management page.
7.36 Why is one user creating huge numbers of IMAP or POP server sessions?
7.37 Why don't I get any new mail notifications from Outlook Express or Outlook after a while?
The problem is also reported in Outlook 2000, but not verified.
Outlook Express uses the IMAP IDLE command to avoid having to "ping" the server every few minutes for new mail. Unfortunately, Outlook Express overlooks the part in the IDLE specification which requires that a client terminate and restart the IDLE before the IMAP 30 minute inactivity autologout timer triggers.
When this happens, Outlook Express displays "Not connected" at the bottom of the window. Since it's no longer connected to the IMAP server, it isn't going to notice any new mail.
As soon as the user does anything that would cause an IMAP operation, Outlook Express will reconnect and new mail will flow again. If the user does something that causes an IMAP operation at least every 29 minutes, the problem won't happen.
Modern versions of imapd attempt to work around the problem by automatically reporting fake new mail after 29 minutes. This causes Outlook Express to exit the IDLE state; as soon as this happens imapd revokes the fake new mail. As long as this behavior isn't known to cause problems with other clients, this workaround will remain in imapd.
7.38 Why don't I get any new mail notifications from Entourage?
You built an older version of imapd with the MICROSOFT_BRAIN_DAMAGE option set, in order to disable support for the IDLE command. However, Entourage won't get new mail unless IDLE command support exists.
Note: the MICROSOFT_BRAIN_DAMAGE option no longer exists in modern versions, as the Outlook Express problem which it attempted to solve has been worked around in another way.
7.39 Why doesn't Entourage work at all?
It seems that every time we understand what it is doing wrong in Entourage and come up with a workaround, we learn about something else that's broken.
Try building imapd with the ENTOURAGE_BRAIN_DAMAGE option set, in order to disable the diagnostic that occurs when doing STATUS on the currently selected mailbox.
7.40 Why doesn't Netscape Notify (NSNOTIFY.EXE) work at all?
Fortunately, there is no reason to use this program with IMAP; NSNOTIFY is a polling program to let you know when new mail has appeared in your maildrop. This is necessary with POP; but since IMAP dynamically announces new mail in the session you're better off (and will actually cause less load on the server!) keeping your mail reading program's IMAP session open and let IMAP do the notifying for you.
Consequently, the recommended fix for the NSNOTIFY problem is to delete the NSNOTIFY binary.
7.42 Sheesh. Aren't there any good IMAP clients out there?
Alpine is a wonderful client. It's fast, it uses IMAP well, and it generates text mail (life is too short to waste on HTML mail). Also, there are some really wonderful things in progress in the Alpine world.
There are some good GUI clients out there, mostly from smaller vendors. Without naming names, look for the vendors who are active in the IMAP protocol development community, and their products.
Netscape, Eudora, and Outlook can be configured with enough effort to be good citizens and work well for users, but they can also be badly misconfigured, and often the misconfiguration is the default.
It can take a while for the problem to show up. The client has to do something that causes at least 16K of contiguous data. Many clients do partial fetching, which tends to reduce the number of cases where this can happen. However, all software which uses SChannel to support SSL is affected by this bug.
This problem does not affect UNIX code, since OpenSSL is used on UNIX.
This problem most recently showed up with the CommunigatePro IMAP server. They have an update which trims down their maximum contiguous data to less than 16K, in order to work around the problem.
This problem has also shown up with the Exchange IMAP server with UNIX clients (including Alpine built with an older version of c-client) which sends full-sized 16K SSL packets. Modern c-client works around the problem by trimming down its maximum outgoing SSL packet size to 8K.
Microsoft has developed a hotfix for this bug. Look up MSKB article number 300562. Contrary to the article text which implies that this is a Alpine issue, this bug also affect Microsoft Exchange server with *any* UNIX based client that transmits full-sized SSL payloads.
Assuming that you want to continue using qpopper, look into qpopper's --enable-uw-kludge-flag configuration flag, which is documented as "check for and hide UW 'Folder Internal Data' messages".
The other alternative is to switch from qpopper to ipop3d.
7.45 Help! I installed the servers but I can't connect to them from my client!
If you have a system with Yellow Pages/NIS such as Solaris, have you updated the service names there as well as in /etc/services?
If you have a system with TCP wrappers, have you properly updated the TCP wrapper files (e.g. /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny) for the servers?
If you have a system which uses xinetd instead of inetd, have you made sure that you have made the correct corresponding xinetd changes for those services?
Try telneting to the server port (143 for IMAP, 110 for POP3). If you get a "refused" error, that probably means that you don't have the service set up in inetd.conf. If the connection opens and then closes with no message, the service is set up, but either the path name of the server binary in inetd.conf is wrong or your TCP wrappers are configured to deny access.
If you don't know how to make the corresponding changes to these files, seek the help of a local expert for your system.
To work around this, you need to specify /user=... in the host name specification.
The SECURITY PROBLEM came about because the server advertised the AUTH=PLAIN SASL authentication mechanism outside of a TLS-encrypted session, in violation of RFC 4616. This message is just a warning, and in fact occurred after the server had disconnected.
Some versions of qmail, including that running on mail.smtp.yahoo.com, have a bug in their implementation of SASL in their SMTP server, which renders it non-compliant with the standard.
If the client does not provide an initial response in the command line for an authentication mechanism whose profile does not have an initial challenge, qmail issues a bogus response:
334 ok, go onThe problem is the "ok, go on". This violates RFC 4954's requirement that the text part in a 334 response be a BASE64 encoded string; in other words, it is a protocol syntax error.
In the case of AUTH=PLAIN, RFC 4422 (page 7) requires that the encoded string have no data. In other words, the appropropiate standards-compliant server response is "334" followed by a SPACE and a CRLF.
The SECURITY PROBLEM came about because the server advertised the AUTH=PLAIN SASL authentication mechanism outside of a TLS-encrypted session, in violation of RFC 4616. This message is just a warning, and is not related the "Authentication cancelled" problem.
7.48 Why do I get the message Invalid base64 string when I try to authenticate to a Cyrus server?
The most common reason that this happens is if the Cyrus server offers Kerberos authentication, c-client is built with Kerberos support, but your client system is not within the Kerberos realm. In this case, the client code will try to authenticate via Kerberos, fail to get the Kerberos credentials, cancel the authentication attempt, and try the next available authentication technology.
8.1 Where can I go to ask questions?
8.2 I have some ideas for enhancements to IMAP. Where
should I go?
You must be a subscriber to post to this list. As an alternative, you can use the comp.mail.imap newsgroup.
8.3 Where can I read more about IMAP and other email protocols?
8.4 Where can I find out more about setting up and administering an IMAP server?
Last Updated: 5 May 2010


Heavy and Whipping Cream Are the Same Thing . . . Right?
by Susannah ChenTo those of you who've been forced to choose between heavy and whipping cream at the supermarket, you've probably pondered it yourself: isn't all cream more or less the same thing?
Not exactly. There are differences in the percentage of milk-fat content. All cream contains at least 18 percent milk fat: "whipping cream" is made up of 30 percent, while cartons labeled "heavy cream" or "heavy whipping cream" must contain 36 percent or more. Whipping cream, heavy cream, or heavy whipping cream all work for recipes that incorporate whisked air, but don't reach for that half-and-half; at 10.5 to 18 percent milk fat, it simply won't cut it. The more fat content a cream contains, the more stable it's likely to be in a whipped state. Check out our honey whipped topping recipe for guaranteed success.


ActionFront User Manual
Navigating around the App
Getting around the App is simple, fast and consistent. At the top of every screen is the "ActionFront" logo, and clicking on this will always get you back to the main screen :
List Views
On list screens, simply clicking on a row will take you into another screen to view and edit the record that you clicked on.
The Menu Button
Also, in the top right hand corner, there is a "menu" icon to slide in a menu that you can use to jump to any other part in the App.
Add New Record Button
Once you are in a list of records, you can add new records to the list.
Here is an example with the scenarios list - click the "+" button to be able to create a new scenario.
This will take you to another screen to enter the new record details.
Delete Current Record Button
Whenever you are editting a record that you own, you hawe the option of deleting it.
Click on the "-" button on the top of the list to be able to delete it.
Before actually removing the data, the App will always ask you to confirm .. and fill the room with big red warning lights to get you attention to.
Print Page Button
Many of the screens in the App have a "Print" button, which can be used to generate a print-friendly version of the page that you are looking at .. so you can print out Orders of Battle, or Player Briefings for your players.
Click the "Print" button as follows :
Which produces a print-friendly version of the page for hardcopy, or saving to a PDF file.
Action Buttons
Several screens in the App display additional actions that allows you to do things with the current record that you are looking at. Click on any of these "Action Buttons" to go ahead and perform the required action.
Clicking the Page Title takes you back 1 Page
On every screen which displays a record, you can always click the Title to go back to the parent page.
Overlay Screens
There are several screens in the App which display a full-screen popup that is used to display details on a particular item. Some examples include the "Unit Details" popup, which is used whenever you click on a Brigade sized unit, or the "Player Briefing" popup which can be pulled up during gameplay.
These screens will either have a "Close" button .. as seen here with the "Unit Details" popup, in this case labelled "At Ease", otherwise click anywhere in the popup do close it and get back to playing the game.
Next ...
That covers the basics of getting around inside the app.
Now lets have a look at Scales and Basing .. click here to continue


Find out more about the JISC Publications Router on their website.
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
The JISC Publications Router functions as an interface between publishers and institutions, which host repositories or CRIS. It facilitates the depositing of publications into Open Access repositories and minimizes the effort for authors, since the manual delivery is eliminated
Publishers send data packages to the router, which determines the appropriate target repository using affliation data such as ORCID or the name of the institution. The corresponding repositories are informed that a package has arrived and is waiting for pick up. These data packages consist in its smalles form of just the metadata and the information if the publication is in its acceptance stage or already published. To this the full text can be added, either in XML format with the metadata or as a PDF or WORD document. Additional files such as illustrations can also be added if necessary.
For delivering the data publishers can use a SWORD2, FTP or a publications router REST API interface. Currently two file formats, JATS-XML and a Publications Router specific JSON structure, are being supported.
Repositories can receive the data packages through a SWORD2, OAI-PMH or a Publications Router API interface.
The necessary information for these interfaces are obtained during the registration for publishers and institutions to define their preferred terms of depositing or receiving the data. Each participant receives their own account for the router and can adjust and update the information if needed.
Find out more about the JISC Publications Router on their website.


We are four students at the ESGI school Here is our year-end project :)
The expansion of IOT raises new security issues as they populate our domestic network which could be a privileged gateway to penetrate an infrastructure
The main goals here is to provide an all-in-one solutions to try mitigate security flaws


NYC = No Yutzes Central
By attending EmpireNode you agree not to be a yutz. Harassment of any kind will not be tolerated. We'd like to thank our friends at JSConf for the longer, less yiddish filled Code of Conduct we happily uphold.
We'd love for everyone and anyone who is doing amazing things with Node.js to submit a proposal to EmpireNode 2014. The conference will take place in New York, NY on October 27th, 2014. If you're coming from out of town we should be able to cover all of your travel (unless you live in space, in which case you're awesome and good luck!).
The deadline to submit proposals is September 2, 2014 11:59pm EDT.
Diversity of voices is important to our community, and we are serious when we say EVERYONE AND ANYONE. If you've never given a talk before that's EVEN MORE reason to submit a proposal here now. If you have any questions about what we're looking for, or you're just needing a little encouragement for your submission, please drop us an email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Remember, when submitting your proposal that being respectful and kind matters to us. If you're curious about what we mean, please read more about our thoughts on this in our Code of Conduct below.
EmpireNode is a single day, single track format with a twist.
The morning will be action-packed 20-25 minute talks covering the range of all things Node.js. Presenters are encouraged to be as creative as possible with their proposal topics, talks, and format. Looking for suggestions of topics? How about:
Just remember to make it shine!
Where it gets interesting is the afternoon fun times centered around a number of workshops, each presented by a team with lead instructor, delivering content for 90-120 minutes. We look forward to workshops that are interactive and well-documented.
The workshops will wrap up with talks given by the lead instructor on what was missed while attendees were enjoying the other workshops. The focus here is to share a summary of the session and demonstrate the more advanced excitement you could have with this material. We encourage team proposals for the workshop submissions and are happy to help you find volunteers to help teach the material. We do ask that only one presenter talks at the wrap-up session for each workshop.
By attending EmpireNode you agree not to be a yutz. Harassment of any kind will not be tolerated. We'd like to thank our friends at JSConf for the longer, less yiddish filled Code of Conduct we happily uphold.


Issue 4816:
Script panel claims No JavaScript when it means "you're stopped on a breakpoint
on some other tab"
Steps to reproduce
- Open Firbug and enable the Script panel
- Click this button
- The debugger should break on line 18
- Open this link in a new tab
- Switch to the new tab.
- The Script panel should say: Debugger is already active
- Click the: Go to that page link
- You should be navigated back to the tab where the debugger paused.


Home
Contact Us
Pet Tracker
Pet #
Picture
Name
Description
1
Pepper
She is a female cat. Grey with black stripes
Register new pet
name: jared
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
address: 88 jubile rd


Profile
I’m Mattia! Born in Venice, untiring traveler, lifelong learner, passionate about science, technology, and photography. I enjoy my days’ coding, going out in the wild nature to take photos and if snow involved, having fun with my board. I’m often described as a goal-oriented person, highly-skilled team player able to collaborate with other developers and software testers to deliver remarkable products focused on great end-user experience within in mind cost, efficiency, and scalability.
Skills
Accomplished full-stack developer focused on complex web-based applications, PWA, and hybrid mobile applications mostly based on Javascript frameworks. Across my experience I built strong knowledge on the following methodologies, workflows and technologies:
- Tech lead and Extreme Programming (EX)
- TDD/BDD test strategies
- UI/UX design and co-design methodologies
- Analysing and troubleshooting large-scale distributed systems
- Implement efficient and complex applications with Angular, Ember, React
- Maintain a well-organized codebase of components with strong unit tests
- Think through edge cases and unexpected user interactions to develop a robust UX
- Agile ans SCRUM methodologies
Javascript, ECMAScript
Typescript
Angular, Ember, React
Redux, RxJS
Mocha, Jasmine, Karma
Charts.js, D3.js
HTML/HTML5, CSS/CSS3
Material, Bootstrap
Sass, Less, BEM
NPM, Yarn, Git
Node, Express, ORM
C#, Asp.Net, LINQ
Python, Ruby on Rails, PHP
Mongo, Redis, SQL, T-SQL
Kubernetes, Docker
AWS, Azure
Jekyll, WordPress
JIRA, Confluence
Experiences
Projects
Long-term experience developing a wide range of solutions, I worked with several technologies in different industries and markets. Here’s a quick overview of the projects that I’ve contributed and the tech stack used:
Agile and delivery metrics BI platform that provide an end-to-end view of software delivery cycle
Techstack:
- Angular, RxJS, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES9)
- HTML/CSS, Material Design
- Python
- PostgressSQL
Agile and delivery metrics BI platform that provide an end-to-end view of software delivery cycle
Techstack:
- React, RxJS, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES8), Charts.js
- HTML/CSS, Material Design
- Node, Express, GraphQL
- Python
- PostgressSQL
Agile and delivery metrics BI platform that provide an end-to-end view of software delivery cycle
Techstack:
- Ember, Javascript, ECMAScript (ES8), D3.js
- HTML/CSS, Material Design
- Node, Express, GraphQL
- Python
- PostgressSQL
CRM for sales force workflow automation
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript, ECMAScript (ES6), D3.js
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- PHP
- MySQL
- Delphi ETL
iOS app of ForSales Operational CRM
Techstack:
- React, RxJS, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES6), D3.js
- HTML/CSS
- SQL Lite
CRM for small businesses, whitelabel version of TeamSystem CRM in Cloud
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript, ECMAScript (ES6), Charts.js
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- C#, Asp.Net, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL
CRM that integrates marketing, communication, management, and workflow processes
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript, ECMAScript (ES6), Charts.js
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- C#, Asp.Net, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL
ERP that automate workflow acros Administratio, Finance, and Legal departments
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript, ECMAScript (ES6), Charts.js
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- C#, Asp.Net, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL
Custom CRM to automate Gioel’s salesforce workflow
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL
iOS app that consume MyGioel CRM Rest API
Techstack:
- Ionic Framework, Angular, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES6)
- HTML/CSS
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, SQL Lite
Corporate website of Gioel Spa
Techstack:
- Wordpress
- jQuery, HTML, CSS
- PHP
- MySQL
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
E-commerce for hand-made shoe firm
Techstack:
- WooCommerce
- jQuery, HTML, CSS
- PHP
- MySQL
- PayPal API Integration
- Ayden3DS API Integration
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
IOT Dashboard for monitoring thew health surveillance systems. Performs planned checks and report the hardware status and let the user to have instant wanrning about failures
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, Redis
- C#, Bosh SDK, Samsung SDK
- C++, Hikvision SDK
- VB6, Dahua SDK
IOT Dashboard for camera surveillance systems
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, Redis
- C#, Bosh SDK, Samsung SDK
- C++, Hikvision SDK
- VB6, Dahua SDK
Just another ToDo app, delivered with low budget and short deadlines
Techstack:
- Ionic Framework, Angular, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES6)
- HTML/CSS
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, SQL Lite
Mobile app for FRED, Books and People around us
Techstack: Techstack:
- Ionic Framework, Angular, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES6)
- HTML/CSS
- Node, Express
- MongoDB, SQL Lite
Founded in 2014, FRED is a StartUp born on top a large community of book lovers. The product is a proximity-oriented, social, and networking platform for book sharing
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express
- MongoDB,
Web platform to market Kenwood products and to improve the Kenwood customer user experience teaching and inspire the customer to get the most from their Kenwood products
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node
- Express
- Loopback
- MySQL
Web platform to market shorts breaks and optimize the booking flow of the packages Emozione3
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL
- PayPal API Integration
- Ayden3DS API Integration
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
Founded in 2010, Conve.io is a StartUp that allows the aggregation of the user’s content, such as blogs, social profile(s), reviewed sites, and online newspapers, creating a single point of contact between companies and customers.
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
Founded in 2012, Conve.io is a StartUp that helps marketers monitor their digital marketing performance and spy on their competitors.
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
Mobile app for on-site training tracking
Techstack:
- Ionic Framework, Angular, Typescript, ECMAScript (ES6)
- HTML/CSS
- Node, Express
- MongoDB, SQL Lite
E-learning management system
Techstack:
- Angular, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express
- MongoDB
- PayPal API Integration
- Ayden3DS API Integration
- Facebook and Twitter API Integration
Mobile app for expenses data entry in miOrganizzo ERP
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, SQL Lite
ERP for workflow automation of the small businesses processes related to invoicing and expenses
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL
Back in 2008 with two college mates, inspired by Facebook, we created a platform to replace Moodle, the learning platform used on most of the Universities in Italy. Well our project died but let us to have hands on real code and deploy to the real world our project, from scratch.
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS, Bootstrap
- Node, Express, Loopback.io
- MySQL, Neo4j
ERP for the private healthcare sector to automate clinical analysis administration anf financial workflows. Schedule analysis requests, medical reports, and invoicing
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS
- Asp.Net, C#, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL
ERP for the private healthcare sector to automate radiology’s information systems and generate medical reports
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS
- Asp.Net, C#, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL
ERP for the private healthcare sector to automate clinical analysis laboratory’s workflow integrating the analysis machine and generate medical reports
Techstack:
- jQuery, Javascript
- HTML/CSS
- Asp.Net, C#, LINQ
- SQL, T-SQL


{% block body %} {% if session['logged_in'] %}
Welcome!
Please choose which graph you wish to see!
Graph for Time Periods of Detection
Graph for Time Periods of Detection
Graph for Time Periods of Detection
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


An exercise generator for A-level mathematics
Use the input box in the Mathmo header to add a new named exercise. Each exercise appears in a new tab. Click on the tab to add questions on any of a large choice of topics. These same questions stay with you until you choose to delete them.
When you close down mathmo, your exercises will be remembered in local storage. When you return to mathmo, the same exercises and questions will be restored. Even if you start mathmo on a different computer, you can generate the same questions by creating an exercise with the same name.
This works because the random number generator used to generate questions is seeded from:
You can share questions with your friends. Press the share button to see available methods.
Syllabus hugging ideas: Stephen Hewson
Question and Answer generators: Tom White, Edward Cree, with unit tests by Ben Millwood.
Unit tests rewritten for Angular/Karma and extended, new questions added, multiple TeX improvements, and conversion of base problem generators to LiveScript by Alex Chan.
HTML5/Angular Implementation: Mike Pearson.
Mathmo is now based on Angular, Angular UI Bootstrap, the d3 SVG toolkit from Mike Bostock, and the MathJax library for TeX rendering.


I am a software engineer specialized in web applications using NodeJS, diverse front-end frameworks such as AngularJS, Angular, ReactJS, React Native and various NoSQL/SQL databases.
Classroom assistant tool to increase students and teachers engagement and focus on the learning experience.
Bringing fast paced fun to coding. BattleCode lets you solve programming challenges in a race against friends. Want to prove that you're the best coder among your friends? Now is your opportunity! Create custom challenges and challenge your friends to a battle to prove your dominance. Just don't sink beneath the pressure of the timer!
 Are you a pet owner who can't always give your animal friend the attention they deserve? Finding Fido is here to help. We find pet owners and animal lovers in the same area and help them connect to share the love.
Single-page application to stay up-to-date with your favorite podcasts, we know this is your favorite moment of the day!
When not coding, I must be swimming, biking, foraging the cheese and chocolate departments of my grocery store or listening to my favorite podcast!
On rainy Sunday afternoons, I may be found in my kitchen honing my cooking skills or reading the mighty JavaScript Weekly!
I like sharing my code adventures on Medium and I have been featured by Expo for my tutorials : Expo Featured Developer: Lily Lebec.


Keyword(s) to search:
Sort results by title
Keyword Index
Direct Link
SolutionAnalyzer Namespace
MainWindowPane Class
SolutionAnalyzerPackage Class
SolutionAnalyzer.Common Namespace
SolutionAnalyzer.CommonData Namespace
SolutionAnalyzer.Views Namespace
MainWindowControl Properties
The
MainWindowControl
type exposes the following members.
Properties
Name
Description
ActualHeight
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
ActualWidth
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
AllowDrop
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
AreAnyTouchesCaptured
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
AreAnyTouchesCapturedWithin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
AreAnyTouchesDirectlyOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
AreAnyTouchesOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Background
(Inherited from
Control
.)
BindingGroup
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
BitmapEffect
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
BitmapEffectInput
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
BorderBrush
(Inherited from
Control
.)
BorderThickness
(Inherited from
Control
.)
CacheMode
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Clip
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
ClipToBounds
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
CommandBindings
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Content
(Inherited from
ContentControl
.)
ContentStringFormat
(Inherited from
ContentControl
.)
ContentTemplate
(Inherited from
ContentControl
.)
ContentTemplateSelector
(Inherited from
ContentControl
.)
ContextMenu
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Cursor
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
DataContext
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
DependencyObjectType
(Inherited from
DependencyObject
.)
DesiredSize
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Dispatcher
(Inherited from
DispatcherObject
.)
Effect
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
FlowDirection
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Focusable
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
FocusVisualStyle
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
FontFamily
(Inherited from
Control
.)
FontSize
(Inherited from
Control
.)
FontStretch
(Inherited from
Control
.)
FontStyle
(Inherited from
Control
.)
FontWeight
(Inherited from
Control
.)
ForceCursor
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Foreground
(Inherited from
Control
.)
HasAnimatedProperties
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
HasContent
(Inherited from
ContentControl
.)
Height
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
HorizontalAlignment
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
HorizontalContentAlignment
(Inherited from
Control
.)
InputBindings
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
InputScope
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
IsArrangeValid
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsEnabled
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsEnabledCore
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsFocused
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsHitTestVisible
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsInitialized
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
IsInputMethodEnabled
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsKeyboardFocused
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsKeyboardFocusWithin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsLoaded
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
IsManipulationEnabled
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsMeasureValid
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsMouseCaptured
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsMouseCaptureWithin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsMouseDirectlyOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsMouseOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsSealed
(Inherited from
DependencyObject
.)
IsStylusCaptured
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsStylusCaptureWithin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsStylusDirectlyOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsStylusOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
IsTabStop
(Inherited from
Control
.)
IsVisible
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Language
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
LayoutTransform
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Margin
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
MaxHeight
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
MaxWidth
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
MinHeight
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
MinWidth
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Name
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Opacity
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
OpacityMask
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
OverridesDefaultStyle
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Package
Gets or sets the package.
Padding
(Inherited from
Control
.)
Parent
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
PersistId
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
RenderSize
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
RenderTransform
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
RenderTransformOrigin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Resources
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
SnapsToDevicePixels
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Style
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
StylusPlugIns
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
TabIndex
(Inherited from
Control
.)
Tag
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Template
(Inherited from
Control
.)
TemplatedParent
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
ToolTip
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
TouchesCaptured
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
TouchesCapturedWithin
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
TouchesDirectlyOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
TouchesOver
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
Triggers
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
Uid
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
UseLayoutRounding
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
VerticalAlignment
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
VerticalContentAlignment
(Inherited from
Control
.)
Visibility
(Inherited from
UIElement
.)
VisualChildrenCount
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
VisualParent
(Inherited from
Visual
.)
Width
(Inherited from
FrameworkElement
.)
See Also
MainWindowControl Class
SolutionAnalyzer.Views Namespace


react-sigma-cli is a framework for React that allows you to take this library to another level, integrate the best practices in the industry into your projects.
You have the idea, react-sigma-cli accompanies you to create it
react-sigma-cli
?By implementing react-sigma-cli
in your project will be have:
Before you start using react-sigma-cli you must have installed:
NodeJS Version 12.16.1
or highernpm Version 6.14.4
or higherThe dependency @sigma-force/react-sigma-cli
must be installed globally.
npm install -g @sigma-force/react-sigma-cli
Note: if you require administrative permission use sudo
for your installation
sudo npm install -g @sigma-force/react-sigma-cli
Run in the terminal
react-sigma-cli
Insert the name of the project
For start in developer mode run in the terminal
npm run start
For create a bundle for production, run the next comand
npm run build
To check the code for formatting problems use
npm run format
To automatically fix formatting problems use
npm run lint
npm uninstall -g @sigma-force/react-sigma-cli
You can find the Kaizen Web Client documentation on Notion.
The documentation is divided into several sections:
Thank you for being here, we're really happy you decided to contribute to the project.
Before you contribute to the project please make sure to read all items below.
MIT License - Copyright (c) 2020 Σ SIGMA Force
Generated using TypeDoc


I'm a C# developer working with various cutting edge web technologies and loving life! I enjoy playing with the latest web technologies and playing with Raspberry Pi when I get the time :)
I'm currently working on MVC and Web API these projects have opened my eyes to a new way of developing web apps. I also enjoy working on client side languages mainly jQery which I think is pretty awesome!


{{ Offer.description }}
Views: {{ Offer.views }}
Likes: {{ Offer.likes }}
Posted: {{ Offer.created_at }}
nb_insc: {{ Offer.nb_candidate_insc }}


EX-ways-to-use-its-5.xsd
The Life of a Simple Man
Everything started when Zebulon discovered that he had a
doppelgänger
who was a serious baseball
aficionado
.


Amber regarding a snarky on Facebook: "I'm not drunk. I totally would have made that poor decision sober."
10/20/2013, 8:24:44 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
Amber regarding a snarky on Facebook: "I'm not drunk. I totally would have made that poor decision sober."
10/20/2013, 8:24:44 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


| Class and Description |
|---|
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Ported |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| NamedSet |
| Ported |
| Typed
A typed
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| NamedSet |
| Scufl2Tools
Utility methods for dealing with SCUFL2 models
|
| Scufl2Tools.ProcessorSplit
Result bean returned from
Scufl2Tools.splitProcessors(Collection, Processor) . |
| Typed
A typed
WorkflowBean . |
| URITools
Utility methods for dealing with URIs.
|
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| Typed
A typed
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| AbstractRevisioned |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| NamedSet |
| Root |
| URITools
Utility methods for dealing with URIs.
|
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| AbstractRevisioned |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| NamedSet |
| Ported |
| Typed
A typed
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| AbstractCloneable |
| AbstractCloneable.Cloning |
| AbstractNamed
Abstract implementation of a
Named WorkflowBean . |
| AbstractRevisioned |
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| NamedSet |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Scufl2Tools
Utility methods for dealing with SCUFL2 models
|
| URITools
Utility methods for dealing with URIs.
|
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| URITools
Utility methods for dealing with URIs.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| Named
A named
WorkflowBean . |
| Ported |
| Root |
| Typed
A typed
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor
Visitor which can inspect a
WorkflowBean . |
| Visitor.VisitorWithPath |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
Configurable
WorkflowBeans that can have a
Configuration . |
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| WorkflowBean
The top level interface for all objects in a workflow.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Scufl2Tools
Utility methods for dealing with SCUFL2 models
|
| URITools
Utility methods for dealing with URIs.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| Child
A
WorkflowBean that is the child of another WorkflowBean
. |
| Ported |
Copyright © 2015–2016 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.


Active Citizenship Diary is an online documentary show, that is aimed at telling the untold stories of Returned Youth volunteers who are making great impacts in their community through their own personal developmental initiative called the Action at Home through interviews and live coverage of their events. The initiative is also aimed at raising awareness for the Global goals and also creates an ecosystem of volunteers to assist and support each other when organizing events or activities.


Depth
Overall Gain
Near Gain
Far Gain
Color
Needle Guide
Marker
Optimize
Save Clip
Save Image
End Exam


Triggers
Trigger
Select trigger
Conditional
Workflow
Playbook
Remove
Edit
Edit Form
{% from "pages/_formhelpers.html" import render_field, render_multi_field %} {{ render_field(editForm.name) }} {{ render_field(editForm.conditional) }} {{ render_field(editForm.playbook) }} {{ render_field(editForm.workflow) }}
Submit
Add Trigger
{% from "pages/_formhelpers.html" import render_field, render_multi_field %} {{ render_field(form.name) }} {{ render_field(form.conditional) }} {{ render_field(form.playbook) }} {{ render_field(form.workflow) }}
Add