Handler
A handler is used to bridge an execution method to Mebo.
The data used to perform the execution of action through a handler (Handler.runAction) is parsed using a reader Reader.
The result of a handler is done through a Writer. Writers are designed to support reporting a success output and an error output as well. The way the result is serialized is determined by the writer implementation (Writer._successOutput, Writer._errorOutput). All writers shipped with Mebo have support for streams where in case of any readable stream or buffer value they are piped to the output, otherwise the result is encoded using JSON.
Both reader and writer can be customized through options that can be either defined through the action's metadata or directly through the handler. If you would like to know more about the available options check out the respective Reader & Writer documentation for the handler implementation you are interested.
Defining options through actions (detailed information can be found at Metadata):
@Mebo.register('myAction')
class MyAction extends Mebo.Action{
constructor(){
super();
// change 'name' for the registration name of the handler you
// want to define the read options
this.setMeta('handler.name.readOptions', {
someReadOption: true
});
}
async _perform(data){
// ...
}
async _after(err, value){
// change 'name' for the registration name of the handler you
// want to define the write options
if (!err){
// defining the write option inside of the _after to keep _perform as
// abstract as possible. Since, _after is always called (even during
// an error) after the execution of the action, it provides a way to
// hook and define custom metadata related with the result.
this.setMeta('handler.name.writeOptions', {
someWriteOption: 10,
});
}
}
}
Defining options directly through the handler:
// read options
myHandler.runAction('myAction', {
someReadOption: true,
})
// write options
myHandler.output(value, {
someWriteOption: 10,
})
Handlers are created by their registration name (Handler.register), the creation is done by Handler.create:
// creating a handle based on the handler registration name
const handler = Mebo.Handler.create('myHandler');
// loading the parsed information to the action
handler.runAction('actionName').then((result) => {
// success output
handler.output(result);
// error output
}).catch((err) => {
handler.output(err);
});
Tip: You can set the env variable NODE_ENV=development
to get the
traceback information included in the error output.
Tip: In case you want to know the name of the handler from inside of
the action you can retrieved this information from the session
session().get('handler')
(Action.session).
Static Method Summary
| Static Public Methods | ||
| public static |
Removes all listeners connected to the signal emitted through Handler.onErrorDuringOutput. |
|
| public static |
Creates a handler based on the registered name |
|
| public static |
Returns the registered handler |
|
| public static |
grantAction(handlerName: string, actionName: string, args: ...args) Grants the execution of the action through the handler |
|
| public static |
grantedActionNames(handlerName: string): Array<string> Returns a list granted actions for the input handler |
|
| public static |
onErrorDuringOutput(listener: function) Adds a listener to an exception raised during the Handler.output process. |
|
| public static |
Register an Handler type to the available handlers |
|
| public static |
registerReader(readerClass: Reader, handlerName: string, handlerMask: string) Register a Reader for the handler |
|
| public static |
registerWriter(writerClass: Writer, handlerName: string, handlerMask: string) Register a Writer for the handler |
|
| public static |
registeredHandler(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Handler Returns the registered handler |
|
| public static |
registeredHandlerMasks(handlerName: string): Array<string> Returns a list of registered handler makers for the input handler name |
|
| public static |
Returns a list containing the names of the registered handler types |
|
| public static |
registeredReader(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Reader Returns the reader registered for the handler |
|
| public static |
registeredWriter(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Writer Returns the writer registered for the handler |
| Static Protected Methods | ||
| protected static |
_grantingAction(handlerName: string, actionName: string, args: ...args) This method can be re-implemented by derived classes to hook when an Action is granted for a handler (Handler.grantAction) |
Constructor Summary
| Public Constructor | ||
| public |
Creates a Handler |
Method Summary
| Public Methods | ||
| public |
Returns a value under the handler's metadata. |
|
| public |
Results a value through the handler. |
|
| public |
Executes an action through the handler. |
|
| public |
Returns the session |
|
| public |
Sets a value to the handler's metadata. Detailed information about the metadata support can be found at Metadata. |
|
| public |
setSession(session: Session) Associates a Session with the handler. |
| Protected Methods | ||
| protected |
_createReader(action: Action, options: Object, additionalArgs: ...additionalArgs): Reader Creates an instance of a reader for the current handler |
|
| protected |
_createWriter(value: *, options: Object, additionalArgs: ...additionalArgs): Writer Creates an instance of a writer for the current handler |
Static Public Methods
public static clearErrorDuringOutput() source
Removes all listeners connected to the signal emitted through Handler.onErrorDuringOutput.
public static create(handlerName: string, mask: string, args: ...args): Handler source
Creates a handler based on the registered name
Alternatively this method can be called directly from Mebo as Mebo.Handler.create(...)
Also, the handler name gets included in the session as arbitrary data, it can be retrieved through 'handler'. This name follows the registration pattern where this value is represented in lowercase internally:
Session.get('handler');
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
|
| mask | string |
|
optional mask that supports a glob syntax used to match a custom registered handler (it allows to have custom handler implementations for specific masks) |
| args | ...args | custom args passed to the constructor during factoring |
public static get(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Handler source
Returns the registered handler
(it can be also done via Handler.registeredHandler).
public static grantAction(handlerName: string, actionName: string, args: ...args) source
Grants the execution of the action through the handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerName | string | registered name of the handler |
|
| actionName | string | registered action name |
|
| args | ...args | custom args passed to Handler._grantingAction |
public static grantedActionNames(handlerName: string): Array<string> source
Returns a list granted actions for the input handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
public static onErrorDuringOutput(listener: function) source
Adds a listener to an exception raised during the Handler.output process. It can happen either during the serialization process (Writer.serialize) or during the finalization of the session (Session.finalize). This event passes as argument: error, handlerName and handlerMask.
Currently this event is static to make easy to hook it in your application, if none listener is registered to it then the error is thrown, a stack trace is printed, and the Node.js process exits.
// registering a listener for the error
Mebo.Handler.onErrorDuringOutput((err, handlerName, handlerMask => {
console.error(err.stack);
}));
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| listener | function | listener function |
public static register(handlerClass: Handler, handlerName: string, handlerMask: string) source
Register an Handler type to the available handlers
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerClass | Handler | handler implementation that will be registered |
|
| handlerName | string |
|
string containing the registration name for the handler. In case of an empty string, the registration is done by using the name of the type (this information is stored in lowercase) |
| handlerMask | string |
|
optional mask that supports a glob syntax used to match a custom registered handler (it allows to have custom handler implementations for specific masks) |
public static registerReader(readerClass: Reader, handlerName: string, handlerMask: string) source
Register a Reader for the handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| readerClass | Reader | reader class |
|
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
|
| handlerMask | string |
|
optional mask that supports a glob syntax used to match a custom registered handler (it allows to have custom handler implementations for specific masks) |
public static registerWriter(writerClass: Writer, handlerName: string, handlerMask: string) source
Register a Writer for the handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| writerClass | Writer | writer class |
|
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
|
| handlerMask | string |
|
optional mask that supports a glob syntax used to match a custom registered handler (it allows to have custom handler implementations for specific masks) |
public static registeredHandler(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Handler source
Returns the registered handler
(it can be also done via Handler.get)
public static registeredHandlerMasks(handlerName: string): Array<string> source
Returns a list of registered handler makers for the input handler name
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
public static registeredHandlerNames(): Array<string> source
Returns a list containing the names of the registered handler types
public static registeredReader(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Reader source
Returns the reader registered for the handler
public static registeredWriter(handlerName: string, handlerMask: string): Writer source
Returns the writer registered for the handler
Static Protected Methods
protected static _grantingAction(handlerName: string, actionName: string, args: ...args) source
This method can be re-implemented by derived classes to hook when an Action is granted for a handler (Handler.grantAction)
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| handlerName | string | registered handler name |
|
| actionName | string | registered action name |
|
| args | ...args | custom args passed during Handler.grantAction |
Public Constructors
Public Methods
public meta(path: string, defaultValue: *): * source
Returns a value under the handler's metadata.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| path | string | path about where the value is localized (the levels
must be separated by '.'). In case of an empty string it returns the
entire metadata. The path can be defined using |
|
| defaultValue | * |
|
default value returned in case a value was not found for the path |
Return:
| * |
public output(value: *, options: Object, finalizeSession: boolean) source
Results a value through the handler.
In case the value is an exception then it's treated as Writer._errorOutput otherwise the value is treated as Writer._successOutput.
When an action is executed through the handler (Handler.runAction) it can define writing options that are used by the output. These options are stored under the Handler.metadata where any options passed directly to the output method override them.
If finalizeSession
is enabled (default) the Handler.session gets finalized
at the end of the output process.
By default the Writer._errorOutput tries to handle the error as output.
However you can tell a writer to do not handle specific errors, by doing that the writer
will raise the errors instead of trying to handle them. This can be achieved
by having output
defined as member of the error (error.output = false
),
further information can be found at the error output documentation
(Writer._errorOutput).
In case of any error raised during the output process the handler emits the signal Handler.onErrorDuringOutput.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| value | * | raw value that should be resulted by the handler |
|
| options | Object |
|
plain object containing options that should be used by the output where each handler implementation contains their own set of options. |
| finalizeSession | boolean |
|
tells if it should finalize the session (Session.finalize) |
public async runAction(actionName: string, options: Object): * source
Executes an action through the handler.
This process is done by creating an action that loads the information parsed by the Reader.
After the construction of the action it looks for reading options that can be defined as part of the action's metadata (Action.metadata) and when found they are passed to the reader. After the execution of the action it looks again inside of the action's metadata for writing options, which are later used during the output (Handler.output). To know how to define action's metadata for the handler take a look at the initial documentation about the Handler.
Return:
| * | result of the action |
public setMeta(path: string, value: *, merge: boolean) source
Sets a value to the handler's metadata.
Detailed information about the metadata support can be found at Metadata.
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| path | string | path about where the value should be stored under the metadata
(the levels must be separated by '.'). The path can be defined using |
|
| value | * | value that is going to be stored under the collection |
|
| merge | boolean |
|
this option is used to decide in case of the last level is already existing under the collection, if the value should be either merged (default) or overridden. |
public setSession(session: Session) source
Associates a Session with the handler. The session assigned to the handler is cloned during the assignment (Session.clone).
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| session | Session | session object |
Protected Methods
protected _createReader(action: Action, options: Object, additionalArgs: ...additionalArgs): Reader source
Creates an instance of a reader for the current handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| action | Action | action instance used by the reader to parse the values |
|
| options | Object | plain object containing the options passed to the reader |
|
| additionalArgs | ...additionalArgs | additional args passed to the constructor during factoring of the reader (should be used by derived classes) |
protected _createWriter(value: *, options: Object, additionalArgs: ...additionalArgs): Writer source
Creates an instance of a writer for the current handler
Params:
| Name | Type | Attribute | Description |
| value | * | arbitrary value passed to the writer |
|
| options | Object | plain object containing the options passed to the writer |
|
| additionalArgs | ...additionalArgs | additional args passed to the constructor during factoring of the reader (should be used by derived classes) |


How to make time for a side project
After organizing a little and analyze what I want to learn to improve in Front-end development, it comes a question to my mind: How to get time for this? This learning process is like a side project, so I have researched in Internet to get some ideas.
- How to make time for a side hustle
- Avoid distractions: find time to work in the project when there are no distractions.
- Create consistency in your weekly calender: create a “Learning evening”.
- Be a passenger: use commute to learn something.
- Learn to say no to things that you don’t really want to: priorization is the key to success.
- How To Fit In Time For That Side Project
- The time you set aside to work on your side project has to come from somewhere: less TV, less time for hobbies, …
- Get up an hour earlier
- Put it in your calendar: or in my case in the kanban board
- Make it regular: I can choose 2 days in the week to do the side project, the same as I go to pilates twice a week.
- Make a commitment: I spoke about the talk I submitted to a group of people, so I have a deadline for the project.
Written on June 18, 2016


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COURSE OUTLINE
1.Introduction to Architechture Technology (topics in this course icludes: arthographic, isometric and oblique drawing techniques using architectural plans, elevations, sections and details, reprographic techniques.)
2.Constructions, Materials and Methods (topics in this course includes: construction terminology, traditional and alternative materials and their properties, manufacturing processes, construction techniques and other related topics.)
3.Residential Architectural Technology (topics in this course includes: residential plans, elevations, sections, details, schedules and other related topics.)
4.Architectural CAD (topics in this course includes: basic commands and system hardware and software.)
5.Building Codes (topics in this course includes: residential and commercial building codes.)
6. Specifications and Contracts (topics in this course includes: specification development, contracts, building materials research, agency responsibilities)
7. Light Construction Technology (topics in this course includes: plans, elevations, sections and details schedules, and other related topics)
8. Commercial Construction Technology (topics in this course includes production of a set of commercial contract documents and other related topics.)
9. Design Project (topics in this course includes: schematic designs, design development, construction documents, and other related topics.)
9. Advanced Architectural CAD (this course provides file management productivity and CAD customization skills. It emphasis on developing andvanced proficiency techniques.)
10. Architectural 3-D CAD (topics in this course includes: three dimentional drawing, coordinate systems, viewing, rendering, modeling and output options.)
11. Environmental Systems (topics in this course includes: basic plumbing, mechanical and electrical systems for residential/commercial buildings with an introduction to selected code requirements.)
12. Architectural Portfolio (topics in this course includes: preparation of marketing materials and a presentation strategy using conventional / digital design media.)


Who is Roman Kemp's girlfriend Anne-Sophie Flury?
Roman Kemp has been settling in to life in the I’m A Celebrity jungle, getting off to a good start after being one of just four celebs to win a place in the main camp straight away.
The Capital FM DJ has been opening up to his fellow campmates in recent days, talking about his famous parents, having George Michael as his godfather, and how his dad Martin battled back after being diagnosed with brain tumours in the 90s.
While Roman seems to have hit it off with the others, one person back home who’ll be supporting him from afar is his girlfriend Anne-Sophie Flury.
Here’s what you need to know about her…
Who is Roman Kemp’s girlfriend Anne-Sophie Flury and how long have they been dating?
Advertisement Advertisement
Anne-Sophie Flury is from Bern in Switzerland and is reportedly a neuroscientist.
She recently created a product called Shu Gum, which can be used to eliminate odours and clean shoes.
The pair have been together for two years and Anne-Sophie has admitted how much she’ll miss him while he’s gone.
‘I’m so excited but I miss him so much!’ she told the Mirror. ‘It’s really difficult not being able to speak to him.
‘It’ll be easier when the show starts so I can watch what he’s up to.’
She also predicted that Roman would hit it off with Caitlyn Jenner (despite the reality star not actually knowing who he is).
‘I’m a huge fan of the Kardashians,’ she explained, ‘so it’s nice to have a different version of the show featuring my boyfriend!’
What has Roman said about his girlfriend?
Ahead of his trip down under, Roman told OK! ‘She’ll probably love a break away from me! But she’s so supportive. She lived in Hong Kong for eight months during our relationship so we’re used to long distance.’
Advertisement Advertisement
He added: ‘My parents have instilled the value of respect and loyalty in relationships into me. I’ve seen the best husband in my dad and you can’t build something similar if you go on TV and flirt with someone else.’
I’m A Celebrity continues on Wednesday night on ITV at 9pm.
Got a showbiz story?
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@(identity: Option[String]) @main("CSRF example app", identity) {
For convenience, this makes it easy for you to create a web page to exploit the vulnerabilities. Your changes will be saved every time you update the page.
Your content goes here. Here is a link
Update page send
Restoring saved content...


Here are the main physics concepts we will discuss in this class. Throughout, we will use recent news articles and events to introduce these subjects but here I want to show you the big picture about what we will learn in terms of physics concepts.
The class is divided in three units:
Unit 1: The basic building blocks of Nature: These are
We do not really know why this is what the world is made of. We observe experimentally that those are the building blocks of Nature.
Unit 2: How things move and interact. Here we will study one particle in particular, the electron, and one wave in particular, the electromagnetic wave (light). We will see how they interact through the electromagnetic force and how the concepts of particles and waves get blurred in the quantum world.
Unit 3: In the last part of the class, we will do a tour of the other forces of Nature. The nuclear forces and gravity. We will end by putting what we have seen together and looking at the cosmos!
There is a lot to say but nobody said it better than Carl Sagan in this interview.


Next:
Hash Tables
, Previous:
Strings
, Up:
Top
17 Sequences
•
Sequence Concepts
:
•
Rules about Test Functions
:
•
Sequences Dictionary
:


Notebooks
Story: The youth (of the Early Race of people) who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando
The youth (of the Early Race of people) who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando
Title
The youth (of the Early Race of people) who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando
Collection
Summary
The youth of the early race, who saved the lives of the people at home by warning them of the approach of a Koranna war party. By /han≠kass’o (L VIII.-25. 8251-8261, 26. 8262-8268). A youth of the Early Race is seen by a commando of Korannas, so he acts as if he were a little child ('swaying about'). There is some debate among the Korannas as to whether to kill the child or not, but eventually they help him load up his water bottles and send him on his way. He returns home and tells his people what he has seen, and they leave for the mountains. The Korannas come, believing the people to still be there.
Comments
1) |han≠kass'o heard this from his mother (|xabbi-an), 2) p.8260v: names for and descriptions of various birds and plants in Bushmanland, 4) pp.8266v & 8267v: see A person who takes snuff: tobacco eats up his brains, 5) See also The escape of |kannan from the Koranna commando, 6) This story is found in Books VIII-25 and VIII-26
Contributors
|han≠kass'o (Klein Jantje) (VIII)
Date
13 February 1879 (started)
Categories
Keywords
youth (who went singing along) , youth (who warned his people about the Koranna commando) , youth (the Korannas help him to 'dip up' water) , youth (who pretended to be foolish) , youth (acts like a little child, 'swaying about') , youth (transforms himself into a child and a grown-up youth) , youth (of the Early Race) , youth (deceives the Koranna commando) , youth (becomes a little child) , commando (of Korannas and the Early Race) , commando (Koranna) , commando (the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna–) , Koranna (a commando) , Koranna (the youth of the Early Race of people who warned those at home of the approach of a commando) , Koranna (their relations with the |xam) , Koranna (their 'war things' or war dress) , Koranna commando (of the Early Race) , Koranna commando (debate whether to kill the youth) , Koranna commando (how they came to miss the youth's people) , Koranna commando (pity the youth and help him dip water) , Koranna commando (how the youth's people fool and escape from them) , Koranna commando (bound on wood-pigeon's tails) , Koranna commando (their 'war things' or war dress) , Koranna commando (the youth who deceived one into thinking him a foolish child) , transformation (how the youth deceives a Koranna commando) , transformation (the youth who becomes a child and then returns to his own form) , transformation (and the youth of the Early Race of people who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , wars (between the |xam and the Korannas) , wars (and the Early Race) , wars ('war things' worn by a Koranna commando) , wars (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , dress (the 'war things' worn by the Koranna commando) , dress (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , Early Race (or the First Bushmen) , Early Race (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , water (and the use of ostrich eggshells) , water (methods of fetching and 'dipping it up') , water (the Koranna commando helps the youth to 'dip it up') , water (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , understanding (possessed by children) , understanding (possessed by grown-ups, or adults) , understanding (foolishness) , understanding (and the youth who pretended to be a foolish child, or simpleton) , understanding (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , wood-pigeons (their tails are worn by the Koranna war-party as war's things) , wood-pigeons (and the youth who warned those at home of the approach of a Koranna commando) , ostrich eggshells (are used to fetch water) , ostrich eggshells (are stopped up with grass) , ostrich eggshells (are carried fastened onto the back)
Story Pages
8251-8261, 8262-8268


Brescia drop Balotelli after training ground bust-up
MILAN, Nov 23 — Mario Balotelli has been dropped for Sunday’s Serie A trip to AS Roma after a training ground bust-up with new Brescia coach Fabio Grosso.
Ex-World Cup winner Grosso, who took over the struggling northern side this month, was reported to be angered by the Italian forward’s lazy attitude in training on Thursday.
Balotelli stormed out of the session and has now been dropped and could face disciplinary action.
“I demand great rhythm and intensity, when it doesn’t happen I prefer to change. He didn’t do it and he was cast side,” Grosso told a pre-match press conference on Saturday.
The 2006 World Cup winner’s word echo those of Balotelli’s former coaches which included Antonio Conte, Roberto Mancini and Jose Mourinho.
“I don’t want to minimise or blow it out of proportion. For me it will be crucial to use everyone at my disposal, but I can only do so much,” continued Grosso.
“I told Mario that I can only help him to a certain point. Then he has to help himself.”
Balotelli, who was born in Sicily but adopted and raised just outside Brescia, agreed a three-year deal with the Serie B champions after being released by Marseille last June.
But it has been a difficult start to the campaign for the 29-year-old with two goals scored in seven matches.
The former Inter Milan, Manchester City and Liverpool striker was also targeted by racist chanting in Verona where he threatened to walk off the pitch.
Balotelli, who has 36 caps for Italy, has not featured on the international stage in over a year as coach Mancini said he was not playing at a high enough standard.
Brescia are bottom of the Serie A table and travel to Roma looking for their first win in two months. — AFP


If you ask Wikipedia about polymorphism, it will tell you that it is about “provisioning a single interface to entities of different types”. And this is true(remember that interface here and in whole post means API, not some element that is part of the language, like scala’s trait
). In the following post we will go through a series of cases where traditional way of implementing polymorphism(by which I mean inheritance) is not enough .
Basic example
Just to remind what is the typeclass, let’s look at the same interface encoded with inheritance and typeclass:
//inheritance
trait Hello {
def hello: String
}
class World(name: String) extends Hello {
def hello: String = "Hello "+name
}
new World("Earth").hello
//typeclass
trait Hello[T] {
def hello(t: T): String
}
class World(val name: String)
val helloWorld = new Hello[World] {
def hello(t: World): String = "Hello "+t.name
}
helloWorld.hello(new World("Earth"))
As we can see inheritance variant is less verbose and nicer to use. So why would anybody want to use typeclasses anyway? Here are some reasons…
Problem 1: Derive interface for new types automatically
Imagine you have following code already there. Nothing sophisticated, one interface that says “you can convert something to String
“, and few methods depending on it.
trait Serializable {
def serialize: String
}
def writeToFile(data: Serializable, file: File)
def writeToSocket(data: Serializable, socket: Socket)
def print(data: Serializable)
But after some time you add a json support:
trait Json {
def write: String
}
trait Jsonable {
def toJson: Json
}
case class User(name:String, age: Int) extends Jsonable { ... }
And then you would like to use the old api without modyfing it. Just like this:
print(User("John", 18))
Sadly, it’s not possible, because User
doesn’t implement Serializable
, although it can be easily converted to string through Json
abstraction. Ther are three ways to go:
- create 3 new overloads taking
Jsonable
interface instead ofSerializable
- this is obviously wrong, as it doesn’t scale - make
User
implementSerializable
- this is not a good solution, because you don’t always have access to particular type, and even if you do, you have to do this for every type that isJsonable
and notSerializable
- create conversion method
jsonableToSerializable
- this is better approach, but you loose you original type during such conversion and also(at least with explicit conversion) you have to call this method explicitly with every use of original API. If you go with implicit conversion, it is almost good, but it has may limitations(e.g. cannot be chained, likeJsonable
->Serializable
->SomethingElse
)
Lets see how such scenario can look with typeclass encoding:
trait Serializable[T]{
def serialize(t: T): String
}
def writeToFile[T: Serializable](data: T, file: File)
def writeToSocket[T: Serializable](data: T, socket: Socket)
def print[T: Serializable](data: T)
trait Json {
def write: String
}
trait Jsonable[T] {
def toJson(v: T): Json
}
case class User(name:String, age: Int)
implicit val userJsonable: Jsonable[User] = ???
implicit def jsonableToSerializable[T: Jsonable]: Serializable[T] = new Serializable[T] {
def serialize(t: T): String = implicitly[Jsonable[T]].toJson(t).write
}
print(User("John", 18))
Problem 2: Provide multiple implementations
You want to compare objects. But you want to do this in multiple ways in different contexts. This cannot be done with inheritance, so we will go with typeclass encoding right away.
trait Equatable[T] {
def equals(a: T, b: T): Boolean
}
case class User(name:String, age: Int)
val eq1: Equatable[User] = ???
val eq2: Equatable[User] = ???
Problem 3: Define external interface for external type
This is very common(at least for me) situation. We have a type defined in module/library A
case class User(name:String, age: Int)
and an interface defined in module/library B:
trait Equatable {
def equals(a: Any): Boolean
}
now we would like to define User
as Equatable
. This cannot be done with inheritance and is straight forward with typeclasses.
// defined in module A
trait Equatable[T] {
def equals(a: T, b: T): Boolean
}
// defined in module B
case class User(name:String, age: Int)
// defined in module C
implicit val userEq: Equatable[User] = ???
Problem 3.5: Define interface for simple types
There is no way to inherit from simple types like Int
or Float
so there is no way to make them conform to any interface by inheritance. Happily typeclasses doesn’t have this problem:
implicit val intEq: Equatable[Int] = ???
Problem 4: Get exact type that implements the interface
Let’s create Sortable
interface, that will tell us that given collection can be sorted. The best we can do with pure inheritance is:
trait Sortable {
def sort(): Sortable //or Any
}
Not very useful because we loose all type information after sorting. It gets a little better if we add some generics:
trait Sortable[Coll] {
def sort(): Coll
}
But still, there is no way to be sure that output collection is exactly the same type as output one(we can create class List extends Sortable[Set]
). To solve this we have to use typeclass that looks almost exactly the same:
trait Sortable[Coll] {
def sort(coll: Coll): Coll
}
Problem 5: Implement multiple interfaces with dependencies
Imagine, that to make something Jsonable
, we have to provide some dependency object, and the same goes with Persistent
abstract class Jsonable(jsonFactory: JsonFactory) { ... }
abstract class Persistent(persistenceCtx: PersistenceContext) { ... }
case class User(username: String, age:Int) // no way to inherit both, at least until dotty is here
So again, we fallback to typeclasses:
abstract class Jsonable[T](jsonFactory: JsonFactory) { ... }
abstract class Persistent[T](persistenceCtx: PersistenceContext) { ... }
case class User(username: String, age:Int)
implicit val userJsonable = new Jsonable[User](???)
implicit val userPersistent = new Persistent[User](???)
Problem 6: Define static function
We would like to define an interface that allows to create an instance of given type from String
and, as you probably have guessed by now, it cannot be done with inheritance, because to inherit some behavior you need and instance already. With typeclass it is straight forward:
trait FromString[T] {
def create(str: String): T
}
Summary
We have seen some examples, where typeclasses show their expressive power. They are great tools, but I would like to advise you to use them carefully. There are some problems with typeclasses, and two greatest ones are:
- they are not as widely understood as inheritance, so if you are working with some Java developers, make sure they understand the idea
- implicits can become a head ache very easily and you can’t use typeclasses efficiently without implicits
So remember good old Uncle Ben:
With great power comes great responsibility


↑
)↑ 𝕩
: PrefixesPrefixes of array 𝕩
along its first axis.
↑ 1‿2‿3‿4 ⟨ ⟨⟩ ⟨ 1 ⟩ ⟨ 1 2 ⟩ ⟨ 1 2 3 ⟩ ⟨ 1 2 3 4 ⟩ ⟩ a ← 3‿3 ⥊ ↕9 ↑ a ┌─ · ↕0‿3 ┌─ ┌─ ┌─ ╵ 0 1 2 ╵ 0 1 2 ╵ 0 1 2 ┘ 3 4 5 3 4 5 ┘ 6 7 8 ┘ ┘
𝕨 ↑ 𝕩
: TakeFor each integer in 𝕨
, take that many elements from each dimension of 𝕩
.
Negative numbers take from the end.
If any of the elements in 𝕨
are greater than the length of their respective dimension, the dimension is extended with a fill value.
3 ↑ 1‿3‿5‿67 ⟨ 1 3 5 ⟩ b ← 4‿4 ⥊ ↕16 3‿3 ↑ b ┌─ ╵ 0 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 ┘ 5‿5 ↑ b ┌─ ╵ 0 1 2 3 0 4 5 6 7 0 8 9 10 11 0 12 13 14 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 ┘ 3‿¯3 ↑ b ┌─ ╵ 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 ┘


abstract fun select(vararg columns: String): DataFrame
open fun select(vararg columns: ColumnSelector): DataFrame
Create a new data frame with only the selected columns.
// data-frames can be a mix of atomic (int, double, boolean, string) and object columns
val birthdays = DataFrame.builder("name", "height", "sex", "birthday")(
"Tom", 1.89, Sex.MALE, LocalDate.of(1980, 5, 22),
"Jane", 1.73, Sex.FEMALE, LocalDate.of(1973, 2, 13)
)
// just select/deselect columns of interest with varargs
birthdays.select("name", "height")
birthdays.remove("sex")
// use helper API to match columns of interest
birthdays.select { matches("^na") }
birthdays.select { endsWith("x") }
// do positive and negative selection as needed
birthdays.remove { startsWith("birth") }
birthdays.select { except("birth") }
// or use stdlib-like filter with `selectIf`
birthdays.selectIf { it is IntCol }
birthdays.selectIf { it.name.startsWith("bar") }
open fun select(columns: Iterable<String>): DataFrame
Convenience wrapper around to work with varag krangl.DataFrame.select
open fun select(columnSelect: ColumnSelector): DataFrame
Keeps only the variables that match any of the given expressions.
E.g. use startsWith("foo")
to select for
columnSelect staring with 'foo'.
// data-frames can be a mix of atomic (int, double, boolean, string) and object columns
val birthdays = DataFrame.builder("name", "height", "sex", "birthday")(
"Tom", 1.89, Sex.MALE, LocalDate.of(1980, 5, 22),
"Jane", 1.73, Sex.FEMALE, LocalDate.of(1973, 2, 13)
)
// just select/deselect columns of interest with varargs
birthdays.select("name", "height")
birthdays.remove("sex")
// use helper API to match columns of interest
birthdays.select { matches("^na") }
birthdays.select { endsWith("x") }
// do positive and negative selection as needed
birthdays.remove { startsWith("birth") }
birthdays.select { except("birth") }
// or use stdlib-like filter with `selectIf`
birthdays.selectIf { it is IntCol }
birthdays.selectIf { it.name.startsWith("bar") }


closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:02:55.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:02:55.assigned
by None at 2021-07-01 14:00:16.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:17:00.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:24:31.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:54:51.These are already in; we were looking at the Tech Services slip
closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:56:41.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:07:40.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:11:44.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:18:50.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:21:48.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:23:20.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:26:32.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:26:42.labeled
by None at 2021-07-01 14:56:30.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 15:34:14.review_requested
by None at 2021-07-01 15:42:06.convert_to_draft
by None at 2021-07-01 15:42:16.ready_for_review
by None at 2021-07-01 15:46:52.referenced
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 15:49:11.merged
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 15:49:11.closed
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 15:49:11.head_ref_deleted
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 15:49:20.head_ref_deleted
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 15:49:21.review_requested
by None at 2021-07-01 16:26:47.review_requested
by None at 2021-07-01 16:26:47.referenced
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 16:31:56.merged
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 16:31:56.closed
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 16:31:56.head_ref_deleted
by Peter Green at 2021-07-01 16:35:34.referenced
by None at 2021-07-01 13:09:27.merged
by None at 2021-07-01 13:09:27.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 13:09:27.head_ref_deleted
by None at 2021-07-01 13:09:28.closed by #1459
closed
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 13:24:25.@mzelesky can you review? record<PHONE_NUMBER>3506421 with one 020 with no subfield $a
record<PHONE_NUMBER>3506421 with one 020 and subfield $a
Looks good to me.
mentioned
by None at 2021-07-01 17:28:39.subscribed
by None at 2021-07-01 17:28:39.referenced
by None at 2021-07-01 17:48:38.merged
by None at 2021-07-01 17:48:38.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 17:48:38.head_ref_deleted
by None at 2021-07-01 17:48:39.referenced
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 17:13:34.assigned
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 17:13:47.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 17:48:57.referenced
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 17:13:34.assigned
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 17:13:37.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 17:49:30.@tpendragon said he would like to discuss this issue in the checkin
mentioned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 13:13:39.subscribed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 13:13:39.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:25:08.assigned
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 18:31:02.I did a quick test with no parameters; 5mins pinging catalog-alma-qa. The VM went down. I will try again a new test using specific endpoints from the document we have for the bibdata endpoints and I will log the steps on this ticket.
@kevinreiss this is what we found while working on another ticket -- does it match your understanding? Any knowledge of this change?
No, I'd have to ask the vendor.
@hackartisan based on some info I found from the vendor I think we can use data-exports/PUL/Json
safely.
mentioned
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 13:12:23.subscribed
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 13:12:23.labeled
by None at 2021-07-01 13:12:33.mentioned
by None at 2021-07-01 19:30:29.subscribed
by None at 2021-07-01 19:30:29.assigned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:37:00.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:38:35.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2021-07-01 19:45:20.assigned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:56:09.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:21:02.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:28:53.The issues specified here were all explored and either completed or not feasible. Closing and we can open new tickets if new opportunities to reduce API calls become clear.
closed
by None at 2021-07-01 20:03:34.labeled
by None at 2021-07-01 20:07:34.head_ref_force_pushed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:28:53.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:29:51.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:29:51.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:29:51.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:29:51.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:30:10.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:30:10.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:30:10.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:30:10.deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 13:55:41.deployed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:48:37.referenced
by Bess Sadler at 2021-07-01 15:18:32.merged
by Bess Sadler at 2021-07-01 15:18:32.closed
by Bess Sadler at 2021-07-01 15:18:32.head_ref_deleted
by Bess Sadler at 2021-07-01 15:18:32.Right now Figgy won't display the viewer if it gets a 429, which is fine.
closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:24:39.referenced
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 19:06:37.merged
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 19:06:37.closed
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 19:06:37.head_ref_deleted
by Christina Chortaria at 2021-07-01 19:06:38.@tpendragon You make good points here. I started down this road, then thought it might not be the best, but decided to give it a whirl anyway. Forgot about the syncing and preservation angle. Was really hoping we could do this in a nice clean SQL query :) However, the CSP does a lot for us and I think we'll just have to live with the long execution time. I'll rework this.
@eliotjordan It's good work - I think the fact that we can't do it in a nice SQL query (and that we want to) points to some issues or potential improvements we could make in the future. Maybe we can chat about this tomorrow? Updating preservation and ARKs for all those items is definitely going to take a -long- time.
@tpendragon Implemented a simple solution that uses the CSP. It is going to take a long time to complete running in a tmux session, but it can be restarted easily.
@tpendragon Fixed.
mentioned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 03:00:29.subscribed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 03:00:29.mentioned
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 04:21:46.subscribed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 04:21:47.mentioned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:10:05.subscribed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 19:10:05.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 19:11:40.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 19:12:29.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 19:18:17.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 19:18:32.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 19:19:38.mentioned
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 20:46:18.subscribed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 20:46:18.review_dismissed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 21:00:03.head_ref_force_pushed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 21:00:03.ready_for_review
by Kevin McElwee at 2021-07-01 19:31:26.referenced
by Kevin McElwee at 2021-07-01 19:35:36.merged
by Kevin McElwee at 2021-07-01 19:35:36.closed
by Kevin McElwee at 2021-07-01 19:35:36.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 15:25:02.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 15:25:02.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 15:25:02.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 15:25:02.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 15:25:05.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 16:08:18.referenced
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 16:08:18.merged
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 16:08:18.closed
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 16:08:18.head_ref_deleted
by Eliot Jordan at 2021-07-01 16:08:21.HI Xander. Could you add the test as part of https://github.com/pulibrary/nursery-rhyme-xander/pull/8 ?
Will add test for random_recite in #8
closed
by None at 2021-07-01 17:24:12.convert_to_draft
by None at 2021-07-01 17:25:48.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 13:57:48.I added some language to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JykBLg5w7P6INQshtdzMwBCGbIDjN11gTuHxjRYndas/edit#
assigned
by None at 2021-07-01 14:06:36.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 14:08:07.mentioned
by Matthew J. Chandler at 2021-07-01 13:04:13.subscribed
by Matthew J. Chandler at 2021-07-01 13:04:13.referenced
by Hector Correa at 2021-07-01 17:38:12.merged
by Hector Correa at 2021-07-01 17:38:12.closed
by Hector Correa at 2021-07-01 17:38:12.head_ref_deleted
by Hector Correa at 2021-07-01 17:38:14.head_ref_force_pushed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:01:15.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:07:03.merged
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:07:03.closed
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:07:03.head_ref_deleted
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 18:07:04.referenced
by James R. Griffin III at 2021-07-01 19:45:20.merged
by James R. Griffin III at 2021-07-01 19:45:20.closed
by James R. Griffin III at 2021-07-01 19:45:20.head_ref_deleted
by James R. Griffin III at 2021-07-01 19:45:21.All these VMs have been created; provisioning is covered by pulibrary/bibdata#983
closed
by None at 2021-07-01 20:01:27.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:21:02.referenced
by Trey Pendragon at 2021-07-01 23:28:53.referenced
by None at 2021-07-01 23:28:02.merged
by None at 2021-07-01 23:28:02.closed
by None at 2021-07-01 23:28:02.head_ref_deleted
by None at 2021-07-01 23:28:03.review_requested
by Axa Mei Liauw at 2021-07-01 19:28:17.mentioned
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 19:28:18.subscribed
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 19:28:18.referenced
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 20:03:34.merged
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 20:03:34.closed
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 20:03:34.head_ref_deleted
by Kevin Reiss at 2021-07-01 20:03:34.I think this is likely due to a config issue related to the Clancy api possibly. Marquand recap holdings load fine.
assigned
by None at 2021-07-01 13:53:36.assigned
by None at 2021-07-01 13:53:36.head_ref_force_pushed
by None at 2021-07-02 01:03:41.


In late March this year, my mother and I saw a large number of mandarin ducks paddling leisurely on the West Lake near Zhongshan Park. Most of them come in pairs, which is probably why mandarin ducks are embroidered on the sheets as blessing during traditional Chinese weddings.
Like many animals in nature, male mandarin ducks have multi-colored feathers, which gives them an advantage when it comes to competing for mates. After the breeding season, the males shed their bright plumage and have no difference with female ones. By the way, the baby mandarin ducks are completely raised by the females.
In addition to mandarin ducks, there are also very other birds on the West Lake. One of them is called the Mallard, and I wrote an article The Mallard in the West Lake to introduce the difference between mandarin ducks as well as the mallards briefly.
When I was a child, I remembered that we could not see mandarin ducks in the West Lake. I searched on the internet and found out that wild mandarin ducks generally come to Hangzhou in Autumn for winter, and then fly back to the north the next year’s April to breed.
The mandarin ducks were first found breeding in the West Lake area in 2005, while it ended up with a tragedy. In 2007, it was found that mandarin ducks chose to breed in the West Lake again. This time, the government, society organizations and even the security team joined hands to protect the baby mandarin ducks until they could fly by themselves.
In the press conference, we proudly announced that the West Lake has been suitable for wild mandarin duck breeding!
Nowadays, the West Lake has become “Mandarin Duck’s Lake”, and the Gu Mountain has become a “Mandarin Duck’s Valley”.
With the enhancement of animal protection consciousness, the citizens and tourists are able to get along with wild animals more harmoniously. If you’re walking in Zhongshan Park, you may meet up with these fuzzy and adorable creatures easily :D
「中文部分」
大概是三四月份的时候，我和妈妈在北山路中山公园附近的湖域就曾经见过大批的鸳鸯悠闲地在湖面上划水。他们大多数是成双成对的，这可能也是中国传统婚礼中床单被套上要绣鸳鸯的原因吧。
正如自然界中很多动物那样，鸳鸯也是雄性的毛色更加鲜艳靓丽，这使得它们在竞争配偶这件事情上更有优势。在繁殖季节过去以后，雄性鸳鸯会褪去鲜艳的羽毛变得和雌性鸳鸯差不多。顺便一提，小鸳鸯完全由雌性鸳鸯抚养。
西湖水域中除了鸳鸯，还有长得非常类似的鸟类，我在西湖里的绿头鸭这篇文章中简单讲了两者的区别。
在我的印象中，小时候在西湖是看不到鸳鸯的。我查阅了一些资源，野生鸳鸯一般是秋天来到杭州过冬，然后第二年的四五月份飞回北方繁殖。西湖水域的工作人员于2005年首次发现野生鸳鸯留在这里繁殖，但由于人为的侵害妈妈和宝宝都遭遇不幸。
2007年的时候，有人发现鸳鸯再次选择在西湖繁殖下一代。这次，西湖水域管理委员会、园林部门、浙江野鸟组织、保安队伍和热心市民一直保护到小鸳鸯学会飞翔。在新闻发布会上，相关部门和组织自豪地称杭州西湖已经适合野生鸳鸯繁殖了！
如今的杭州西湖俨然已经成了“鸳鸯湖”，孤山也不再孤单而是成为了充满生机的“鸳鸯山”。随着市民动物保护意识和素质的不断提高，人类和这些小精灵们已经可以相对和谐的共处了。如果你走在孤山附近，只要拿着手机也许就可以偶遇这些毛茸茸的小家伙们:D
（本篇完）
本文首发于Steemit。谢谢大家的来看我的文章，如果您喜欢的话，请转发、留言或是点赞。你们的支持是我继续努力的最大动力，再次感谢～
Thank you for reading my articles. If you like me, plz forward, upvote me or leave your comments. Thx a looooooot~
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘「Life & Activities」鸳鸯-2 / Mandarin Duck #2 20190518’


CHAPTER 179
FLOOD CONTROL AND FLOOD WATER CONSERVATION
Section
179-1 Declaration of purpose
179-2 Definitions
179-3 Statewide flood control agency and program
179-4 Powers, duties, and jurisdiction of the board
Note
L 2014, c 218, §8 purports to amend this chapter.
Cross References
Environmental courts, jurisdiction over proceedings arising under this chapter, see §604A-2.


Organizer Portal
Separate web portal for organizers to manage mobile app announcements, vendor information, and other event logistics.
Convention planning requires exceedingly large amounts of time, labor, and money; for a city such as Las Vegas, conventions produce a sizeable amount of revenue. According to IBIS World report on Trade Show and Conference Planning, the planning industry generates $14 billion in revenue where technology will play a key role in the growth of this industry. In order to plan and oversee a large convention such as CES or CONEXPO-CON/AGG takes the better part of a year to secure a site, organize exhibitors and contact speakers to host seminars.
A paper map is the current standard, but comes at a hefty cost for the event organizer. Using paper maps is a cumbersome experience for large conventions. An alternative option consists of mobile applications with possibly spotty performance during larger conventions. Additionally, these applications often take considerable development hours to produce and are not reusable solutions across different conferences.
Convention Logistics Tracker (CLT) aims to simplify the convention planning process; this software suite will offer programs aimed at convention organizers, exhibitors and attendees. Convention organizers will have control over exhibitor actions, the ability to adjust pricing & mapping, and scheduling. Exhibitors will be able to edit their company information through the Exhibitor Portal, plan out schedules for speakers & demonstrations, and send out real-time event updates. Attendees will have the ability to view information about various aspects about the convention including exhibitor booths, event schedules, and navigation around the convention grounds.
Separate web portal for organizers to manage mobile app announcements, vendor information, and other event logistics.
Separate web portal for exhibitors to register for your conference with your special key. Exhibitors can schedule announcements to all attendees and post a schedule.
Attendees can download your customizable mobile app where attendees can access the official map, receive announcements, and set a schedule.
CLT Suite Mobile App is focused on your attendees' experience to be enhanced by your awesome conference. The Mobile App allows push notifications by organiers and exhibitors, and real time updates to the mobile app.


About Us
We at O'Connor Consultancy Group are a newly formed e-business, specialising in providing the best service for technologies such as blockchain,autonomous things and immersive experiences
A dedicated team of professionals, we are committed to providing excellent customer service and satisfaction. We aspire to be market leaders within 5 years, and we believe that our market share potential and promise is undeniable
We encourage potential customers to try out our service on a trial basis. We are confident that when the trial ends, our customers will remain.
Contact us today if you have any enquiries, we are available on mobile at 087-*******, or via e-mail: info@occonsulting.com


\large{\log_{base}}number = {?}
answer
If \log_{b}x = y
, then b^y=x
.
First, try to write number
, the number we are taking the logarithm of, as a power of base
, the base of the logarithm.
number
can be expressed as power_string
.
number
can be expressed as base^answer
.
base^answer=number
, so \log_{base}number=answer
.


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| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DataNodeDescriptor
A descriptor of
DataNode configuration. |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ConfigurationNameMapper
A service that maps the names of configuration objects to the resource names.
|
| ConfigurationNode
Implemented by the "nodes" on the Cayenne configuration tree.
|
| ConfigurationNodeVisitor
A visitor interface for implementing operations on different types of
ConfigurationNode objects. |
| ConfigurationTree
A tree of configuration nodes that contains extra information about the nodes, such
as load errors.
|
| DataChannelDescriptor
A descriptor of a DataChannel normally loaded from XML configuration.
|
| DataChannelDescriptorLoader
An object that can load a named
DataChannelDescriptor from some configuration
source. |
| DataChannelDescriptorMerger
Merges multiple descriptors into a single runtime descriptor.
|
| DataMapLoader
A loader of DataMaps.
|
| DataNodeDescriptor
A descriptor of
DataNode configuration. |
| ObjectStoreFactory
A factory for creating
ObjectStore s. |
| PasswordEncoding
Password encoders are used to translate the text of the database password, on loading
and on saving, from one form to another.
|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| SAXNestedTagHandler
A superclass of nested tag handlers for parsing of XML documents with SAX.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntime
A superclass of various Cayenne runtime stacks.
|
| ObjectContextFactory
A factory for regular and nested contexts.
|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntime
A superclass of various Cayenne runtime stacks.
|
| ConfigurationTree
A tree of configuration nodes that contains extra information about the nodes, such
as load errors.
|
| DataChannelDescriptor
A descriptor of a DataChannel normally loaded from XML configuration.
|
| DataChannelDescriptorLoader
An object that can load a named
DataChannelDescriptor from some configuration
source. |
| DataChannelDescriptorMerger
Merges multiple descriptors into a single runtime descriptor.
|
| DataNodeDescriptor
A descriptor of
DataNode configuration. |
| ObjectContextFactory
A factory for regular and nested contexts.
|
| ObjectStoreFactory
A factory for creating
ObjectStore s. |
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| CayenneRuntime
A superclass of various Cayenne runtime stacks.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| PasswordEncoding
Password encoders are used to translate the text of the database password, on loading
and on saving, from one form to another.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ConfigurationNode
Implemented by the "nodes" on the Cayenne configuration tree.
|
| ConfigurationNodeVisitor
A visitor interface for implementing operations on different types of
ConfigurationNode objects. |
| DataChannelDescriptor
A descriptor of a DataChannel normally loaded from XML configuration.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| DataChannelDescriptor
A descriptor of a DataChannel normally loaded from XML configuration.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectContextFactory
A factory for regular and nested contexts.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectContextFactory
A factory for regular and nested contexts.
|
| Class and Description |
|---|
| ObjectContextFactory
A factory for regular and nested contexts.
|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
| Class and Description |
|---|
| RuntimeProperties
Represents a properties map for a given
CayenneRuntime . |
Copyright © 2001–2019 Apache Cayenne. All rights reserved.


6. Mastermind¶
In this notebook, you will write a game called Mastermind.
Play the video below to learn about the rule of the game.
%%html

Mastermind first creates a hidden
code
of lengthcode_length
consisting code pegs with possibly duplicate colors chosen from a sequence ofcolors
.Coderbreaker provides a
guess
of thecode
.Mastermind generates a
feedback
consisting of key pegs of black and white colors:The number of black pegs (
black_key_pegs_count
) is the number of code pegs that are the correct colors in the correct positions.The number of white pegs (
white_key_pegs_count
) is the number of code pegs that are the correct colors but in incorrect positions.Each code peg should be counted only once, i.e., a code peg cannot be awarded more than one key peg. E.g.,
If the
code
is'RBGG'
andguess
is'BGGG'
, thenthe feedback should be
'bbw'
withblack_key_pegs_count == 2
because of__GG
in the guess, andwhite_key_pegs_count == 1
because of_B__
in the guess._G__
in theguess
should not be awarded an additional white peg because__GG
in thecode
has been counted.
Codebreaker wins if the code is correctly guessed within certain number (
max_num_guesses
) of guesses.
6.1. Random Code Generation¶
The first exercise is to generate a random hidden code so even one person can play the game as Codebreaker.
Watch the following video to understand how computers generate random objects.
%%html

To generate random content in Python, we can import the random module, which provides some useful functions to generate random objects as follows.
import random
for i in range(10): print(random.random()) # random floating point numbers in [0,1)
for i in range(10): print(random.randint(3,10),end=' ') # random integer in range [3,10]
for i in range(10): print(random.choice('RBG'),end='') # random element in the sequence 'RBG'
We can generate a reproducible pseudo-random sequence by specifying the seed.
By default Python uses the system time as seed.
# repeatedly run the cell to see new sequences.
random.seed(123456)
for i in range(10): print(random.randint(3,10),end=' ')
Exercise Define a function that generates a random code
. The functions takes in
a string
colors
whose characters represent distinct colors to choose from, anda positive integer
code_length
representing the length of the code.
For instance, get_code('ROYGBP',4)
returns a code of 4
code pegs randomly with colors chosen from 'R'
ed, 'O'
range, 'Y'
ellow, 'G'
reen, 'B'
lue, and 'P'
urple. One possible outcome is 'ROYY'
.
import random
def get_code(colors, code_length):
code = ''
"""
The function body will iterate code_length times.
In each iteration, generate a random (integer) position in range 0 to len(colors)-1.
From color, get the character at that random position and append the character to code
"""
# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()
return code
6.2. Guess Validation¶
Exercise Define a function valid_code
that
takes
colors
,code_length
, andguess
as the first, second, and third arguments respectively, andreturn
True
ifguess
is a valid code, i.e., a string of lengthcode_length
with characters from those ofcolors
, andFalse
otherwise.
Hint: Solution template:
def __________(colors, code_length, guess):
if len(guess) __ code_length:
is_valid = ____
else:
for peg in guess:
for color in colors:
if peg == color: ____
else:
is_valid = _____
____
else:
is_valid = ____
return is_valid
# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()
# tests
assert valid_code('RBG',1,'R') == True
assert valid_code('RBG',2,'B') == False
assert valid_code('RBG',2,'RP') == False
assert valid_code('RBG',0,'') == True
6.3. Feedback Generation¶
According to the rules of Mastermind, double-counting of a single peg (as black and white) is not allowed. To facilitate this check, we have written a new module markposition
that allows you to mark any non-negative integer position as counted.
Exercise Write an import
statement to import from the module markposition
the functions
mark_as_counted
check_if_counted
, andreset_all_to_not_counted
.
# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()
# Tests
reset_all_to_not_counted()
mark_as_counted(3)
assert check_if_counted(3) and not check_if_counted(0)
Exercise Using the functions imported from markposition
, mark only the positions 0
, 2
, 4
, 6
, 8
, and 10
as counted. All other positions are not counted.
Hint: Use help
to learn how to use the imported functions.
# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()
# Tests
for i in range(11):
assert not check_if_counted(i) if i % 2 else check_if_counted(i)
Exercise Define a function get_feedback
that
takes
code
andguess
as the first and second arguments respectively, andreturns a feedback string that starts with the appropriate number of characters
'b'
(for black key pegs) followed by the appropriate number of characters'w'
(for white key pegs).
Hint: Solution template:
def get_feedback(code, guess):
black_key_pegs_count = white_key_pegs_count = counted = 0
reset_all_to_not_counted()
for i in _________________:
if ___________________:
black_key_pegs_count += 1
mark_as_counted(i)
for i in range(len(guess)):
for j in range(len(code)):
if __________________________________________________________:
white_key_pegs_count += 1
mark_as_counted(j)
break
key = 'b' * black_key_pegs_count + 'w' * white_key_pegs_count
return key
# YOUR CODE HERE
raise NotImplementedError()
# tests
def test_get_feedback(feedback,code,guess):
feedback_ = get_feedback(code,guess)
correct = feedback == feedback_
if not correct:
print(
f'With code="{code}" and guess="{guess}", feedback should be "{feedback}", not "{feedback_}".'
)
assert correct
test_get_feedback(10*'b'+'w'*0,"RGBRGBRGBY","RGBRGBRGBY")
test_get_feedback(0*'b'+'w'*10,"RGBRGBRGBY","YRGBRGBRGB")
test_get_feedback(8*'b'+'w'*0,"RGRGRGRG","RGRGRGRG")
test_get_feedback(0*'b'+'w'*8,"RGRGRGRG","GRGRGRGR")
test_get_feedback(0*'b'+'w'*6,"RRRRGGG","GGGGRRR")
test_get_feedback(1*'b'+'w'*6,"RRRRGGG","GGGRRRR")
test_get_feedback(5*'b'+'w'*2,"RRRRGGG","RRRGGGR")
test_get_feedback(1*'b'+'w'*0,"RRRRGGG","RYYPPBB")
test_get_feedback(0*'b'+'w'*1,"RRRRG","GBBBB")
test_get_feedback(0*'b'+'w'*0,"RRRRG","YBBBB")
6.4. Play the Game¶
After finishing the previous exercises, you can play the game as a code breaker against a random mastermind.
# mastermind
import ipywidgets as widgets
from IPython.display import display, HTML
def main():
'''The main function that runs the mastermind game.'''
max_num_guesses = code_length = code = num_guesses_left = None
is_game_ended = True
colors = 'ROYGBP'
color_code = {
"R": "#F88,#F00,#800",
"O": "#FD8,#F80,#840",
"Y": "#FF8,#FF0,#AA0",
"G": "#8F8,#0F0,#080",
"B": "#88F,#00F,#008",
"P": "#F8F,#F0F,#808",
"b": "#888,#000,#000",
"w": "#FFF,#EEE,#888"
}
# returns the HTML code for a colored peg.
def getPeg(color, size=30):
return '''

'''.format(color_code[color], size)
colors_display = widgets.HBox([widgets.Label(value='Color codes:')] + [
widgets.HBox([widgets.Label(value=color),
widgets.HTML(getPeg(color))]) for color in colors
])
max_num_guesses_input = widgets.IntSlider(min=5,
max=15,
value=10,
description="# guesses:")
code_length_input = widgets.IntSlider(min=2,
max=10,
value=4,
description="Code length:")
code_input = widgets.Password(description="Code:")
start_new_game_button = widgets.Button(description="Start a new game")
guess_input = widgets.Text(description="Guess:")
submit_guess_button = widgets.Button(description="Submit guess")
board = widgets.Output()
message = widgets.Output()
display(
widgets.VBox([
max_num_guesses_input, code_length_input, colors_display,
widgets.HBox([code_input, start_new_game_button]),
widgets.HBox([guess_input, submit_guess_button]), board, message
]))
# A listener that starts a new game
def start_new_game(button):
nonlocal code, num_guesses_left, is_game_ended, max_num_guesses, code_length
max_num_guesses = max_num_guesses_input.value
code_length = code_length_input.value
board.clear_output()
message.clear_output()
code = code_input.value or get_code(colors, code_length)
with message:
if not valid_code(colors, code_length, code):
display(
HTML('''
The code {} is invalid.

Leave the code box empty to randomly generated a code.

'''.format(code)))
is_game_ended = True
else:
num_guesses_left = max_num_guesses
is_game_ended = num_guesses_left <= 0
display(
HTML('
Game started! {} Guesses left.
'.format(
num_guesses_left)))
# A listener that submits a guess
def submit_guess(button):
nonlocal num_guesses_left, is_game_ended
guess = guess_input.value
with message:
message.clear_output()
if is_game_ended:
display(
HTML('''
Game has not started.

Please start a new game.
'''))
return
if not valid_code(colors, code_length, guess):
display(HTML('
Invalid guess.
'))
return
feedback = get_feedback(code, guess)
num_guesses_left -= 1
with board:
content = ""
for k in guess:
content += getPeg(k)
content += '''
Feeback:

'''
for k in feedback:
content += getPeg(k, 28)
content += "
"
display(HTML(content))
with message:
message.clear_output()
if feedback == 'b' * code_length:
is_game_ended = True
display(
HTML('
You won with {} guesses left!
'.format(
num_guesses_left)))
return
is_game_ended = num_guesses_left <= 0
if is_game_ended:
display(HTML('
Game over...
'))
return
display(HTML('
{} Guesses left.
'.format(num_guesses_left)))
start_new_game_button.on_click(start_new_game)
submit_guess_button.on_click(submit_guess)
main()


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What The BCS Rankings Would Look Like Heading Into Rivalry Week
by Andrew HolleranThe final week of the 2019 college football regular season has arrived. It’s the best week of the year – Rivalry Week.
This year’s rivalry games will have some major College Football Playoff implications, with Ohio State taking on Michigan, Alabama facing Auburn and Oklahoma playing Oklahoma State, among others.
The top 25 polls updated on Sunday afternoon and the new College Football Playoff rankings will be out on Tuesday night.
What if the BCS rankings were still around? What would they look like right now?
Here are the hypothetical BCS rankings:
As you can see, if the BCS was still around, it would be a three-team race for those two national title spots, with LSU and Ohio State having the leg up on Clemson.
The College Football Playoff takes four teams, thankfully, and this year’s major debate will be about the No. 4 spot.
Will it be Alabama? Oklahoma? Utah?
We’ll find out in two weeks.


private
or protected
fields of another object.
Java allows access to such fields for objects of the same class as the current object but
some coding styles discourage this use. Additionally, such direct access to private
fields
may fail in component-oriented architectures, such as Spring or Hibernate, that expect all access
to other objects to be through method calls so the framework can mediate access
using proxies.
Example:
public class Base {
protected int bar;
void increment(Base base) {
bar++;
base.bar++; // warning: direct access to another object's non-public field
}
}
A quick-fix to encapsulate the field is available.
Configure the inspection:
To ignore access from inner classes as well, use the nested Ignore accesses from inner classes.
equals()
method.


Dynamic Web Page Effects - Welcome |
|
| [ Home ] [ Products ] [ Downloads ] [ Purchase ] [ Support ] |
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Active Scrolling Text - Install and Set Up Guide »
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If at any stage you require assistance, help or advice then please feel free contact us via our support pages at:-


We use CSS to style our html documents. We saw how you could use the style tag for the same. But, today we shall se how you can use an external css file to apply styles to your page.
We use the link tag to import the css file. The link tag must be specified within the head tag.
Give below is an example

<link rel="stylesheet" href="master.css">

The rel attribute stands for relation. It specifies the relation of the file with the html document. Here, it states the relation as 'stylesheet'. As simple as it looks. But remember the it must be specified within the head tag. Another point to note is that there is no closing tag for link
Alright, now that we now how to import the css file in your html page; we will look at how to write css. This begs the introduction of a new concept 'A CSS class'.
A css class is just a block of code that specifies that properties and their values. Let us look at an simple and familiar example.
All the code given below must exist in a .css file. In our case let us call it master.css
.back {
background-color: red;
}
Let us break it down now...
So, the first thing you need to observe is the CSS class defination.
'back' is the name of the class.
The next point is that the name of a CSS class always, always, starts with a dot(.)
The body of the class is enclosed within the curly braces({}).
The back class says that: change the background color to red.
Now you can how more than one property in the back class. Let us extend the class.
.back {
background-color: red;
text-align: center;
font-size: 20px;
}
Phew, now we know how to declare a css class. Again, this was done in the msater.css file. Now, the next question is how do we use this class?
The answer to the question is pretty easy, Observe the following example.

Hello, World

As you can see the usage we simply specify an attribute called class and give it the class name within quotes. The output is as follows:
You will notice that all the properties that we specifiedhave been applied.
Without the style applied to it the output would be as follows:
Let us define a new css class as follows:
.ex1 {
padding: 20px;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
}
We can apply more than one class to the same tag. The second one is given a preference over the first one. The way to do this is as follows:

Hello, World

The above statement is rendered as follows in the browser.
Now let us change padding to 50px and the width to 300px and the height to 400px. Theoutput shall be as follows:
Padding is the space between the text and the boundary of the object. The width and height are what they mean.
A CSS class can be used with any tag. Here is anothe example:

One

Two

The output is as follows:
That is some ugly output but, I hope it serves as an example.
Before we proceed furthur I would like to introduce you to a new tag: The div tag. We use this tag to group together a bunch of tags that go together. We will explore this tag more in that later stages. For now remember the syntax

 Some bunch of html tags and content goes here

Now we don't want to define all the CSS ourselves. For this purpose we have some frameworks which provide us with pre-defined classes that can be used by and us and make out life easy. Bootstrap happens to one such framework.
Click here to be taken to the bootstrap webiste.Now bootstrap contains a lot of examples that we can look at.
Let us start from the basics:
Click hereNow this page alone includes all that we learnt yesterday and even more!
We developers, can make use of such frame works as bootstrap to make our life easy-peasy.
Let us explore some more.
Try finding the bootstrap support for images.
Another highly compelling reason to use a CSS framework such as Bootstrap is to add the element of responsiveness to the webiste. So, what is this responsiveness?
Let us consider two devices a computer and a mobile phone. Both of them have different screen sizes. Due to this the way is we handle the content of a webpage must be diferent if we want to provide the user a smooth experience. And so comes the concept of responsiveness. It is simply how the webpage should respond to to different range of screen sizes.
Bootstrap provides us with a grid layout that we shall try to understand now.
Bootstrap’s grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content.
Every row has 12 columns. Follow the examples below.

We start by specify a div(a tag that is used to maintain a collection of tags) wiht the class called row. Now we have 12 colums to play with. Look at the next example

In the above example red, green, blue classes are utility classes that is used to show the different containers.
The above code would render as follows on the browser:
Observe, how the green box spans over a wider area than the other two boxes. All we need to do is, for every row that we have we get 12 colums. We need to distribute these colums among the elements that are meant to share it as we see fit. But, remember that we only have 12 colums and the distribution should be such that everything in the end adds up to 12.
Let us look at an another example of the grid system

The above code would render as follows:
As you can see the class offset helped us not to use the first two colums. The next two was used by the red box, the next six by the green box and so on...
An important point to notice is that all the valuse still add up to 12.
Have a look at this example to build furthur clarity...

The above code will be rendered as follows
You can notice how offset works. Have a look at how the offset is always to the left of the boxes.
Now that you know the basics of HTML and CSS you can try building your own website.
You might get stuck here and there. When you do, it is important that you drag yourself out of the problem. Your best friend who will all ways help you is Google
You can always google 'How to do ...' and get relevent results. Some websites worth mentioning are w3 Schools and of course the very own Bootstrap's documentation. Another webiste that you might come across in top search results is Stackoverflow.
Use google well and you will not face an issue that cannot be solved.


#POSIX
POSIX is a family of standards specified to maintain portability between operating systems.
It defines the API along with the command line shells and utility interfaces for software compatibility.
After unix was selected by general consensus as the standard system interface because its manufacturer neutral, there was a need to develop a common denominator Especially in light of an increasing number of unix systems.
mmap
is a POSIX compliant UNIX syscall that maps files or devices into memory. It is a method of memory-mapped file I/O.
Implements demand paging, because file contents are not read from disk directly and initially do not use physical RAM at all.
Actual reads are performed in a “lazy” manner after a specific location is accessed.


Self care isn’t just a habit, it’s a skill. Self care routines can be learned, practiced, and revised. Ataraxia guides its users through the process of learning new self care methods, leading to a happier, healthier state of mind and body.


flexible GMRES from ITSOL developed by Yousef Saad.
More...
#include <unistd.h>
#include "slu_ddefs.h"
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| double | ddot_ (int *, double[], int *, double[], int *) |
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| double | dnrm2_ (int *, double[], int *) |
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| int | dfgmr (int n, void(*dmatvec)(double, double[], double, double[]), void(*dpsolve)(int, double[], double[]), double *rhs, double *sol, double tol, int im, int *itmax, FILE *fits) |
| | Simple version of the ARMS preconditioned FGMRES algorithm. More...
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◆ epsmac
◆ ddot_()
| double ddot_ |
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int * |
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◆ dfgmr()
| int dfgmr |
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int |
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void(*)(double, double[], double, double[]) |
dmatvec, |
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void(*)(int, double[], double[]) |
dpsolve, |
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double * |
rhs, |
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double * |
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tol, |
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im, |
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Y. S. Dec. 2000. – Apr. 2008
internal work arrays: vv = work array of length [im+1][n] (used to store the Arnoldi basis) hh = work array of length [im][im+1] (Householder matrix) z = work array of length [im][n] to store preconditioned vectors
- Parameters
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| [in] | n | Dimension of vectors and matrices. |
| [in] | dmatvec | Operation for matrix-vector multiplication. |
| [in] | dpsolve | (right) preconditioning operation. Can be a NULL pointer (GMRES without preconditioner) |
| [in] | rhs | Real vector of length n containing the right hand side. |
| [in,out] | sol | In: Real vector of length n containing an initial guess to the solution on input. Out: Contains an approximate solution (upon successful return). |
| [in] | tol | Tolerance for stopping iteration |
| [in] | im | Krylov subspace dimension |
| [in,out] | itmax | In: max number of iterations allowed. Out: number of steps required to converge. |
| [in] | fits | If NULL, no output. If not NULL, file handle to output "resid vs time and its". |
- Returns
- Whether the algorithm finished successfully.
◆ dnrm2_()
| double dnrm2_ |
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int * |
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