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The Object class is a direct or indirect super class of all other classes in the database. Any message defined at Object is applicable to all objects. Any subclass can redefine the behavior of a message defined at the Object class. You do not normally create instances of the class Object directly. When you create instances in another class, a new instance is created in each of that class' super classes including Object.
The major subclasses of Object are:
Object
Boolean
DateRange
Dictionary
Entity
Function
Block
IndexedList
List
TimeSeries
Ordinal
Date
Number
String
ToolKit
OpenVision
Schema
UserInterface
Undefined
Messages defined at Object are available to all objects in the database. The following tables summarize the most frequently used messages. They are described in more detail in later sections.
The following messages are used to access and display basic information about a specific object:
| Message | Definition |
| code | String representing recipient's user-defined id |
| creationDate | Date of recipient's creation |
| whatAmI | String identifying recipient's class |
| Display recipient using default format for its class | |
| print: | Display recipient using supplied format for |
| printNL | Display recipient using default format followed by a new line |
| printNL: | Display recipient using supplied format followed by a new line |
| displayInfo | Display a line of summary information about recipient |
| profile | Display a descriptive report about recipient |
The following messages are used to evaluate programs, sending all statements to the recipient object:
| Message | Definition |
| do: [] | Evaluate parameter in the context of recipient and return the recipient |
| send: [] | Evaluate parameter in the context of recipient and return the result of evaluating parameter |
| extendBy: [] | Evaluate parameter in the context of recipient and return a specialization of recipient that includes variables defined in parameter |
The following additional messages are frequently used:
| Message | Definition |
| = | Is recipient equal to parameter? |
| != | Is recipient not equal to parameter? |
| asList | Convert recipient to a List containing one element |
| asSelf | Return recipient stripped of any extensions |
| asString | Convert recipient to a String |
| isNA | Is recipient an instance of the Undefined class? |
| isntNA | Is recipient not an instance of the Undefined class? |
| else: [ ] | If recipient is NA evaluate parameter; otherwise, return recipient |
| elseIf:[] then: [] | If recipient is NA evaluate parameter1; if it is TRUE, evaluate parameter2 otherwise, return recipient |
| ifTrue:[]ifFalse:[]else:[] | If recipient is TRUE evaluate parameter1; if recipient is FALSE evaluate parameter2; otherwise, evaluate parameter3 |
The following messages are used to perform class-level operations and are normally sent to the default instance of a class:
| Message | Definition |
| createSubclass: | Create a subclass of the recipient |
| instanceList | List of instances in recipient's class |
| createInstance: | Create instance in recipient's class |
| defineFixedProperty: | Define fixed property in recipient's class |
| define: | Define time series property in recipient's class |
| define:toBe: | Define class constant in recipient's class |
| defineMethod: | Define method in recipient's class |
| getMessage: | Retrieve the MessageImplementationDescriptor in recipient's class for the message named by parameter |
| showMessages | Display all messages defined directly for recipient's class |
| showMessagesX | Display all messages defined for recipient's class and its superclasses |
| showInheritance | Display the recipient's position in the class hierarchy |
The properties code and creationDate are defined for all objects. The code normally contains a string that identifies the object. The creationDate contains the date that the object was created. Note that the code value may not be unique and both properties can have an NA value. For example, instances of many of the built-in classes such as Number and String do not have these property values set. Although any method can initialize and reset these values, these properties are usually updated as part of the instance creation process.
An object respond to the message whatAmI by returning the name of its class as a string. An object respond to the message classDescriptor by returning the instance of the class Schema ClassDescriptor that corresponds to the object's class.
All objects respond to the messages isNA and isntNA, returning a Boolean value. Unless an object is an instance of the Undefined class, the value returned by the isNA message will always be FALSE and the value returned by the isntNA message will always be TRUE.
Whenever a new class is created, the message isXXX (where XXX is the class name) is defined as a class constant for the new class and for Object. The value of the constant for the new class is TRUE and the value for the Object class is FALSE. These messages are automatically defined when you create new classes using the createSubclass: message. As a result, you can send messages such as isNumber, isString, isDictionary, and isList to any object. For example, the expression:
3 isStringreturns FALSE and the expressions:
3 isNumberreturns TRUE.
Every Vision class has an instance which represents its default instance. The property defaultFlag is defined at Object and set to TRUE if the object is the default instance for the class. The messages isDefault and isntDefault return a Boolean based on the value of this property.
An object can be flagged for deletion without actually removing it from the database. The property deletionFlag is defined at Object and set to TRUE if the object has been flagged for deletion. The messages isActive, isntActive, isDeleted, and isntDeleted, return a Boolean based on the value of this property.
The message super returns the instance of the recipient managed by its parent class.
All objects respond to the messages print and print:. Many classes redefine these messages. By default, the print message displays the name of the object's class. The print: message provides you with control over the width of the printing format. The interpretation of the parameter depends on the recipient object's class. More information about printing rules is available.
The message displayInfo is defined to display an object's class name and value followed by a carriage return. Some classes, such as Entity redefine this message to display additional information. For example, the expression:
Named Currency US displayInfo ;displays the code and name of the object representing the US currency.
The message profile is defined to display a descriptive report for an object. Some classes, such as Entity redefine this message to display additional information. For example, the expression:
Named Currency US profile ;displays a descriptive report about the object representing the US currency.
It is often useful to send a number of messages to the same object. For example, you could request a number of values for the Canadian currency object using:
Named Currency CAD code print ; Named Currency CAD name print ; Named Currency CAD usExchange printNL ;The do: message can be used to "factor out" the repeated expression in the body of your program, in this case the Named Currency CAD. The previous example could be rewritten using:
Named Currency CAD do: [ code print; name print ; usExchange printNL ; ] ;
The general form for the do: message is:
object do: [ expression1 ; expression2 ; #- ... expressionN ; ] ;
The do: message requires one parameter, a block containing the program to evaluate. All expressions inside the block are evaluated for the recipient object, the Canadian currency in the early example. After the block has executed, the do: message returns the recipient object.
The do: message is one of several messages that changes the context of the message execution. The send: message is identical to the do: message except that it returns the result of executing the block instead of the original object.
The general form for the send: message is:
object send: [ expression1 ; expression2 ; #- ... expressionN ; returnObject ] ;
For example:
#-- Case 1: 'do:' returns the original object !result <- "xyz" do: [ printNL ; #- print recipient count printNL ; #- print count count #- result of block ] ; result printNL ; #- prints string "xyz" #-- Case 2: 'send:' returns the result of the block !result <- "xyz" send: [ printNL ; #- print recipient count printNL ; #- print count count #- result of block ] ; result printNL ; #- prints 3 (the count returned)In the first case, the variable result is assigned to the object returned by the do: message. Since do: returns the recipient object, the value of result is the string "xyz". Note that the result returned by the block is ignored in this situation. In the second case, the variable result is assigned to the object returned by the send: message. Since send: returns the result of evaluating the block, the value of result is the recipient string's count, 3.
The extendBy: message is similar to do: except that it returns the original object extended by the extra layer of messages defined within the block. The general form for the extendBy: message is:
!newObject <- object extendBy: [ !variable1 <- expression1 ; !variable2 <- expression2 ; #- ... !variableN <- expressionN ; ^current define: 'ts1' ; ^current defineMethod: [ | m1 | whatAmI print ; ] ; ] ;
The variable newObject is an instance-level specialization of the recipient object. This object responds to all the variables defined by the block and inherits from the original object. For example:
!result <- "xyz" extendBy: [ !countPlus1 <- count + 1 ; #- create a variable !countPlus2 <- count + 3 ; #- create another one ] ; result do: [ printNL ; #- print string xyz count printNL ; #- inherited message prints 3 countPlus1 printNL ; #- extension message prints 4.00 ] ;The variable result responds to the message countPlus1 and any additional messages to which the original String object responds such as count.
The extendBy: message can define any number of new messages within the block. Any number of extendBy: messages can be applied in succession. Each extendBy: creates a new layer for resolving messages. Messages are resolved by searching from the last extension layer added backwards. For example:
"xyz" extendBy: [ !layer1 <- "this is layer 1" ] . extendBy: [ !layer2 <- "this is layer 2" ] . extendBy: [ !layer3 <- "this is layer 3" ] . do: [ count printNL ; layer1 printNL ; layer2 printNL ; layer3 printNL ; ] ;Each application of the extendBy: message returns the prior recipient plus the new message. The final do: message accesses data from each of these extensions (layer1, layer2, layer3) and from the original object (count).
The messages asLocalContextFor: and extendedBy:asLocalContextFor: are defined at the class Object to provide a way to to extend the global environment with additional protocol. These messages are described in detail in conjunction with the magic word ^local.
A number of messages are defined for the class Object are used to create and manage classes and instances. These messages are summarized in the following tables.
The following messages are used to create new subclasses and are normally sent to the default instance of the class you wish to subclass:
| Message | Definition |
| createSubclass | Creates and returns subclass of recipient |
| createSubclass: | Creates and returns subclass of recipient, using parameter string to name the new class |
| createSubclass:at: | Creates and returns subclass of recipient, using parameter1 string to name the new class and parameter2 to identify the class at which the new class should be named |
| initializeGlobalSubclassProperties | Sets value in default instance and defines class methods and constants as part of the createSubclass process |
| basicSpecialized | Primitive method to create and return subclass of recipient, without running any special initialization steps |
| newPrototype | Primitive method to create a new prototype of recipient |
The following messages are used to determine the recipient's class inheritance:
| Message | Definition |
| showInheritance | Displays inheritance hierarchy of recipient |
| inheritsFrom: | Is recipient a subclass of parameter? |
| isSuperClassOf: | Is recipient a superclass of parameter? |
The following messages are used to create new instances of a class:
| Message | Definition |
| createInstance | Creates and returns a new instance in recipient's class |
| createInstance: | Creates and returns a new instance in recipient's class, using parameter string to name the new instance |
| initializeGlobalInstanceProperties | Sets initial values in new instance |
| basicNew | Primitive method to create and return new instance of recipient's class, without running any special initialization steps |
| clusterNew | Primitive method to create and return new instance of recipient's class, without running any special initialization steps used with some built-in classes to ensure that instances are clustered |
The following messages are used to access the instances in the recipient's class:
| Message | Definition |
| instanceList | Returns List of all instances in recipient's class |
| masterList | Returns List of all non-default instances in recipient's class |
| activeList | Returns List of all non-default instances in recipient's class that are not flagged for deletion |
Many messages have been defined at the Object class to support a variety of database administration fucntions. Detailed information is available.
A number of messages are defined for the class Object are used to create and manage messages. These messages are summarized in the following tables.
The following messages are used to create and delete messages and are normally sent to the default instance of the class:
| Message | Definition |
| defineFixedProperty: | Define fixed property named by parameter for recipient's class |
| defineFixedProperty:withDefault: | Define fixed property named by parameter1 for recipient's class and set default value to parameter2 |
| define: | Define time varying property named by parameter for recipient's class |
| define:withDefault: | Define time varying property named by parameter1 for recipient's class and set default value to parameter2 |
| define:toBe: | Define class constant named by parameter1 that returns value of parameter2 |
| defineMethod: | Define method for recipient's class using block provided as parameter |
| deleteMessage: | Delete message named by parameter from recipient's class |
The following messages are used to access and the display the messages defined for the recipient's class:
| Message | Definition | ||||||||||||||||||
| getMessage: | Retrieve the MessageImplementationDescriptor in recipient's class for the message named by parameter | ||||||||||||||||||
| getMessages | Return List of messages in recipient's class | ||||||||||||||||||
| showMessages | Display messages in recipient's class | ||||||||||||||||||
| getMessagesX | Return List of messages in recipient's class and its superclasses | ||||||||||||||||||
| showMessagesX | Display messages in recipient's class and its superclasses | ||||||||||||||||||
| getMessagesDefining: | Return List of messages in recipient's class hierarchy
that define the message specified by parameter
|
showMessagesDefining:
| Display messages in recipient's class hierarchy
that define the message specified by parameter
|
getMessageNamesContaining:
| Return List of messages in recipient's class hierarchy
with names that contain the substring specified by parameter
|
showMessageNamesContaining:
| Display messages in recipient's class hierarchy
with names that contain the substring specified by parameter
| getMessagesUsing:
| Return List of methods in recipient's class hierarchy
that use the substring specified by parameter
| showMessagesUsing:
| Display names of methods in recipient's class hierarchy
that use the substring specified by parameter
| showMethodsUsing:
| Display implementations of methods in recipient's class hierarchy
that use the substring specified by parameter
|
getMessagesInInheritancePath
| Return List of messages in recipient's class hierarchy
| showProperties
| Display messages defined as properties in recipient's class
| selectorList
| Primitive method to return list of strings representing messages
defined for recipient
| |
The = and != messages compare the recipient and parameter objects for equality. The == and !== messages compare recipient and parameter object for object identity. For most classes the = and == messages and the != and !== return the same value. For the ordinal classes (i.e., Number, Date, String), these messages return different results. For example, the integer 3 is equal to the double 3.0 because they have the same value. The integer 3 is not identical to the double 3.0 because they are not the same object. Therefore:
3 = 3.0returns TRUE and:
3 == 3.0returns FALSE. The = and != messages can be redefined for other classes as appropriate. Although you could redefine the == and !== messages, this is not normally done.
The messages isEquivalentTo: and isntEquivalentTo: return TRUE (FALSE) if the recipient object is equal to (not equal to) the parameter. At the Object class, the isEquivalentTo: message is defined using = and the isntEquivalentTo: message is defined to return the opposite logical value. The isEquivalentTo: message can be redefined by subclasses to alter this comparison.
One common mistake when working with object identity occurs when an extended object is compared to an unextended object. Although the underlying objects may be the same, these objects will not be equal or identical. The message asSelf can be used to strip any extensions from an object. It is often useful to send this message to the recipient and parameter objects prior to performing any equality tests. For example:
Named Currency US = (Named Currency US extendBy: [ !x ] )returns FALSE, whereas:
Named Currency US = (Named Currency US extendBy: [ !x ] ) asSelfreturns TRUE.
The asBaseObject message returns the actual object that was created with the createInstance message. When it is sent to an extension of an object, it returns the same value that asSelf returns. When it is sent to a super instance of an object, it returns the original child object.
Several frequently used values have been defined as constants at the class Object. You can send these messages to any object to access the defined constant value.
| Message | Definition |
| NA | Returns the Undefined value |
| FALSE | Returns the boolean value FALSE |
| TRUE | Returns the boolean value TRUE |
| earliestPossibleDate | Returns the Date representing January 1, 0001 |
| newLine | Returns a String containing the new line character |
| newPage | Returns a String containing the form feed character |
The
Several messages have been defined at the Object
class to support general access and update for all objects:
Message
Definition
baseCurrency
Fixed property that stores the actual currency in which data values
for the recipient are stored and accessed by default
currency
Returns the current currency override if set, the baseCurrency
otherwise
currencyFactor
Returns the exchange rate between the base currency and currency
override
setBaseCurrencyTo:
Sets the base currency of the recipient to the currency
specified by the parameter
General Access and Update Messages
Message
Definition
getPotentialChoicesForString:
Returns List of objects in recipient's class that
could be associated with parameter
validateInputString:
Returns object in recipient's class associated with the
supplied parameter
extract:forDateRange:
Evaluates parameter1 block for recipient for each
date in parameter2, returning the result as a TimeSeries
setProperty:to:
Updates parameter1 with the value of parameter2 in
recipient
updateTS:with:
Updates time series indicated by
parameter1 with the value of parameter2 in
recipient
Copyright © 1997 Innovative Systems Techniques, Inc.
Updated June 19, 1997


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The root of the proton exception hierarchy. All proton exception classes derive from this exception.
| Instance Methods | |
|
Inherited from Inherited from Inherited from |
| Properties | |
|
Inherited from Inherited from |
| Home | Trees | Indices | Help |
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| Generated by Epydoc 3.0.1 on Fri Oct 14 17:04:09 2016 | http://epydoc.sourceforge.net |


7:34
Tuesday, April 26, 2016
43.9°
Partly Cloudy - Feels like 35°
Mixed precipitation (1-2 in. of snow) throughout the day.
Powered by Forecast
Today
Mixed precipitation (1-3 in. of snow) throughout the day.
39°/31°
Saturday
Mixed precipitation throughout the day.
43°/31°
Sunday
Mixed precipitation throughout the day.
43°/30°


Funnel charts are often used to represent stages in a sales process and show the amount of potential revenue for each
stage. By default, the height of a slice represents it's value. However you might want the area of a slice to
represent value. The height and width of a neck is controlled by neckWidth
and neckHeight
properties.


{% extends "app/layout.html" %} {% block content %}
For this project we used Django. Django gives you a powerful, patterns-based way to build dynamic websites. We used Django at the recommedation of our (dear) Teacher.
Our team consists of 6 developers: Chiel, Eljakim, Joost, Marcel, Paul and Timo
"Monster Mash" is a 1962 novelty song and the best-known song by Bobby "Boris" Pickett. The song was released as a single on Gary S. Paxton's Garpax Records label in August 1962 along with a full-length LP called The Original Monster Mash, which contained several other monster-themed tunes.


Class LeanCameraZoomSync
Lean.Touch.LeanCameraZoom ported to DevicesSyncUnity.
Inheritance
System.Object
UnityEngine.Component
UnityEngine.Behaviour
UnityEngine.MonoBehaviour
LeanCameraZoomSync
Assembly: Assembly-CSharp.dll
Syntax
[ExecuteInEditMode]
public class LeanCameraZoomSync : LeanTouchSyncSubscriber
Fields
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Camera
Declaration
[Tooltip("The camera that will be zoomed")]
public Camera Camera
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| UnityEngine.Camera |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
IgnoreGuiFingers
Declaration
[Tooltip("Ignore fingers with StartedOverGui?")]
public bool IgnoreGuiFingers
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Boolean |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
RequiredFingerCount
Declaration
[Tooltip("Allows you to force rotation with a specific amount of fingers (0 = any)")]
public int RequiredFingerCount
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Int32 |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
WheelSensitivity
Declaration
[Tooltip("If you want the mouse wheel to simulate pinching then set the strength of it here")]
[Range(-1F, 1F)]
public float WheelSensitivity
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Single |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Zoom
Declaration
[Tooltip("The current FOV/Size")]
public float Zoom
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Single |
|
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
ZoomClamp
Declaration
[Tooltip("Limit the FOV/Size?")]
public bool ZoomClamp
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Boolean |
|
|
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ZoomMax
Declaration
[Tooltip("The maximum FOV/Size we want to zoom to")]
public float ZoomMax
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Single |
|
|
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ZoomMin
Declaration
[Tooltip("The minimum FOV/Size we want to zoom to")]
public float ZoomMin
Field Value
| Type |
Description |
| System.Single |
|
Methods
|
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LeanTouchSync_LeanTouchReceived(LeanTouchMessage)
Declaration
protected virtual void LeanTouchSync_LeanTouchReceived(LeanTouchMessage leanTouch)
Parameters
|
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OnDisable()
Declaration
protected virtual void OnDisable()
|
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OnEnable()
Declaration
protected virtual void OnEnable()
|
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View Source
SetZoom(Single)
Declaration
protected void SetZoom(float current)
Parameters
| Type |
Name |
Description |
| System.Single |
current |
|


This tests our handling of non-`data:` URLs, given a `plugin-types` CSP directive. Consider this test passing if none of the following frames contains "FAIL" and four sets of console logs appear above.


Gateway
BOT
20-Jul-18 03:09 PM
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> we are currently selling for 50 sats yeah? or is it 500
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> lol
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> this exchange is confusing me
[dscrdeql] <akomismo> It .50$ for now right?
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> no much cheaper
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> its so cheap right now
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> ok wallet is working fine
[dscrdeql] <NWhiskeyTango> I think there is no minimum amount, just user minimum level
[dscrdeql] <NWhiskeyTango> Like must be level 3 to withdraw or something
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> yeah i just done a small withdrawel first to make sure wallet is all good
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> now im trying to figure out exrates exchange
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> gotta be very careful placing orders because of the extra decimal
[dscrdeql] <c2k> Agama wallet usually works well for me.
[dscrdeql] <c2k> been on it for a while...fwiw
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> yep its working perfectly for me
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> quick as well
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> confirmations were super quick too
[dscrdeql] <c2k> ive used BarterDex as a wallet too
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> i didn't use barterdex it just looks to confusing lol
[dscrdeql] <c2k> that has a feature that will allow you to set which coins load when you start barterdex
[dscrdeql] <c2k> yea took me a while to learn it
[dscrdeql] <c2k> hyperdex supposed to be easier
[dscrdeql] <c2k> but i havent tried yet
[dscrdeql] <CombatWombat> Agama wallet worked fine


Featured
Feel free to contact me at any time.
Take a look at my resume and past projects. The imagery below is a montage of my photojournalism study.
Resume AirBender Day Planner Password Generator Round TableFeel free to contact me at any time.
Take a look at my resume and past projects. The imagery below is a montage of my photojournalism study.
Resume AirBender Day Planner Password Generator Round Table


Interactive plotting for functional data analyses.
| Version: | 0.3.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.1) |
| Imports: | ggplot2, tidyr, shiny (≥ 0.11), reshape2, dplyr, gridExtra, lme4, plotly, refund |
| Published: | 2016-11-13 |
| Author: | Julia Wrobel [aut, cre], Jeff Goldsmith [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Julia Wrobel <jw3134 at cumc.columbia.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| In views: | FunctionalData |
| CRAN checks: | refund.shiny results |
| Reference manual: | refund.shiny.pdf |
| Package source: | refund.shiny_0.3.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: refund.shiny_0.3.0.zip, r-release: refund.shiny_0.3.0.zip, r-oldrel: refund.shiny_0.3.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: refund.shiny_0.3.0.tgz, r-oldrel: refund.shiny_0.3.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | refund.shiny archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=refund.shiny to link to this page.


|
Boost.Nowide
|
Table of Contents:
Boost.Nowide is a library implemented by Artyom Beilis that make cross platform Unicode aware programming easier.
The library provides an implementation of standard C and C++ library functions, such that their inputs are UTF-8 aware on Windows without requiring to use Wide API.
Consider a simple application that splits a big file into chunks, such that they can be sent by e-mail. It requires doing few very simple taks:
int main(int argc,char **argv)
std::fstream::open(char const *,std::ios::openmode m)
std::remove(char const *file)
std::cout << file_name
Unfortunately it is impossible to implement this simple task in a plain C++ if the file names contain non-ASCII characters
The simple program that uses the API would work on the systems that use UTF-8 internally – the vast majority of Unix-Line operating systems: Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD. But it would fail on files like War and Peace - Война и мир - מלחמה ושלום.zip
under Microsoft Windows because the native Windows Unicode aware API is Wide-API - UTF-16.
This, such a trivial task is very hard to implement in a cross platform manner.
Boost.Nowide provides a set of standard library functions that are UTF-8 aware and makes Unicode aware programming easier.
The library provides:
argc
, argc
and env
main
parameters to use UTF-8stdio.h
functions:fopen
freopen
remove
rename
stdlib.h
functionssystem
getenv
setenv
unsetenv
putenv
fstream
filebuf
fstream/ofstream/ifstream
iostream
cout
cerr
clog
cin
Why not to provide both Wide and Narrow implementations so the developer can choose to use Wide characters on Unix-Like platforms
Several reasons:
wchar_t
is not really portable, it can be 2 bytes, 4 bytes or even 1 byte making Unicode aware programming harderfopen(wchar_t const *,wchar_t const *)
in the standard library, so it is better to stick to the standards rather than re-implement Wide API in "Microsoft Windows Style"The library is mostly header only library, only console I/O requires separate compilation under Windows.
As a developer you are expected to to boost::nowide
functions instead of the function avalible in the std
namespace.
For example, Unicode unaware implementation of line counter:
To make this program handle Unicode properly we do the following changes:
This is very simple and straight forward approach helps writing Unicode aware programs.
Of course this simple set of functions does not cover all needs. However if you need to access Wide API from Windows application using UTF-8 encoding internally you can use functions like boost::nowide::widen
and boost::nowide::narrow
.
For example
So the conversion is done at the last stage and you continue using UTF-8 strings anywhere and only at glue points you switch to Wide API.
boost::nowide::widen
returns std::string
. Sometimes it is convenient to prevent allocation and use on stack buffers if possible. Boot.Nowide provides boost::nowide::basic_stackstring
class.
Such that the example above can be rewritten as:
stackstring
, wstackstring
, short_stackstring
and wshort_stackstring
that use buffers of size 256 or 16 characters, and if the string is longer, they fall-back to memory allocationThe library does not include the windows.h
in order to prevent namespace pollution with numerous defines and types. The library rather defines the prototypes to the Win32 API functions.
However if you may request to use original windows.h
header by setting BOOST_NOWIDE_USE_WINDOWS_H
define before including any of the Boost.Nowide headers
The library provide UTF-8 aware functions for Microsoft Windows in boost::nowide
namespace that usually lay in std:
: namespace, for example std::fopen
goes to boost::nowide::fopen
.
Under POSIX platforms the boost::nowide::fopen and all other functions are aliases to standard library functions:
Console I/O implemented as wrapper over ReadConsoleW/WriteConsoleW unless the stream is not "atty" like a pipe than ReadFile/WriteFile is used.
This approach eliminates a need of manual code page handling. If TrueType fonts are used the Unicode aware input and output would work.
Q: Why the library does not convert the string from Locale's encoding not UTF-8 and wise versa on POSIX systems
A: It is inherently incorrect to convert strings to/from locale encodings on POSIX platforms.
You can create a file named "\xFF\xFF.txt" (invalid UTF-8), remove it, pass its name as a parameter to program and it would work whether the current locale is UTF-8 locale or not. Also changing the locale from let's say en_US.UTF-8
to en_US.ISO-8859-1
would not magically change all files in OS or the strings a user may pass to the program (which is different on Windows)
POSIX OSs treat strings as NUL
terminated cookies.
So altering their content according to the locale would actually lead to incorrect behavior.
For example, this is a naive implementation of a standard program "rm"
It would work with ANY locale and changing the strings would lead to incorrect behavior.
The meaning of a locale under POSIX and Windows paltforms is different and has very different effects.
It is possible to use Nowide library without dependency on the huge Boost project. There is a standalone version that all the functionality is placed in nowide
namespace instead of boost::nowide
. The example above would look like
The upstream sources can be found at GitHub: https://github.com/artyom-beilis/nowide
You can download the latest sources there:


Australia's east coast girds for 'catastrophic' fires
SYDNEY: Firefighters across Australia's east coast were bracing for "catastrophic" fire conditions as temperatures across the country's most populous state were set to soar.
Authorities in Australia's Queensland and New South Wales states declared a state of emergency on Monday (Nov 11), urging residents in areas deemed at most risk of fires to evacuate.
Sydney has been designated at "catastrophic fire danger" for Tuesday, when temperatures are expected to hit a high of 37 degrees Celsius, combining with powerful winds for potentially deadly conditions.
It is the first time the harbour city, which was shrouded in smoke on Tuesday morning, has been rated at that level since new fire danger ratings were introduced in 2009.
Home to more than five million people, Sydney is ringed by large areas of bush land, much of which remains tinder dry following little rain across the country's east coast in recent months.
Seeking to avoid deaths, firefighters have been given broad powers to control government resources, force evacuations, close roads and shut down utilities.
There were more than 50 fires raging across New South Wales, with half of them classed as uncontained.
About 3,000 firefighters were either deployed or on standby, along with thousands of other police and emergency service personnel, New South Wales Rural Fire Service Commissioner Shane Fitzsimmons told a news conference.
"We have already got significant fires burning in the north coast of New South Wales. A number of those fires are exceeding 100,000 hectares alone," said Fitzsimmons.
"So far this season we have burned more than one million hectares as a result of those fires. Last year the entire fire season in New South Wales burned only 280,000 hectares."
Hundreds of schools will be closed. Public spaces have also been cleared to allow people to evacuate large pets such as horses. The state government advised anyone suffering respiratory conditions to stay indoors.


Overall Project Description
In life, you only have 60 seconds to impress someone. 1 minute can make or break you. How do we make sure that you use your 1 minute to actually say something meaningful? Your task this week is to create an application that allows users to use that one minute wisely. The users will submit their one minute pitches and other users will vote on them and leave comments to give their feedback on them.
The pitches are organized by category. You can have different categories like pickup lines, interview pitch, product pitch, promotion pitch.(You don't have to use these categories, you can come up with your own creative categories) The pitches should be arranged by category and the new posts should be displayed first.
User Story
Here are some user stories
- As a user, I would like to see the pitches other people have posted.
- As a user, I would like to be signed in for me to leave a comment
- As a user, I would like to receive a welcoming email once I sign up.
- As a user, I would like to view the pitches I have created in my profile page.
- As a user, I would like to comment on the different pitches and leave feedback.
- As a user, I would like to submit a pitch in any category.
- As a user, I would like to view the different categories.


m_document_device¶
-
m_document_device.
script_main
(script)¶ -
This script will grab the output for a list of commands from the provided list of devices. The list of commands is taken from the ‘settings/settings.ini’ file. There is a separate list for each supported network operating system (IOS, NXOS and ASA) and by default the list that matches the network operating system of the connected device will be used.
Custom lists of commands are supported. These lists can be added manually to the [document_device] section of the ‘settings/settings.ini’ file. To be able to choose one of these lists when running the script, the ‘prompt_for_custom_lists’ setting needs to be changed to ‘True’ in the settings.ini file. Once this option is enabled, the script will prompt for the name of the list that you want to use. If the input is left blank then the default behavior (based on network OS) will choose the list.
NOTE: The Custom list can be set on a PER DEVICE basis if a column names “Command List” (case sensitive) is added to the device list CSV file that is selected when running this script. If the “Command List” column is missing or the field is left blank for a device then the list will be chosen using the default behavior (i.e. use the list specified when running the script, or based on the network OS of each device).
Script Settings (found in settings/settings.ini):
- show_instructions - When True, displays a pop-up upon launching the scriptexplaining where to modify the list of commands sent to devices. This window alsoprompts the user if they want to continue seeing this message. If not, the scriptchanges this setting to False.
- folder_per_device - If True, Creates a folder for each device, based on thehostname, and saves all files inside that folder WITHOUT the hostname in the outputfile names. If False, it saves all the files directly into the output folder fromthe global settings and includes the hostname in each individual filename.
- prompt_for_custom_lists - When set to True, the script will prompt the user totype the name of a list of commands to use with the connected device. This listname must be found as an option in the [document_device] section of thesettings.ini file. The format is the same as the default network OS lists, ‘ios’,‘nxos’, etc.
- ios - The list of commands that will be run on IOS devices
- nxos - The list of commands that will be run on NXOS devices
- asa - The list of commands that will be run on ASA devices
Any additional options found in this section would be custom added by the user and are expected to be lists of commands for use with the ‘prompt_for_custom_lists’ setting.
By default, The outputs will be saved in a folder named after the hostname of the device, with each output file being saved inside that directory. This behavior can be changed in the settings above.
Parameters: session (sessions.Session) – A subclass of the sessions.Session object that represents this particular script session (either SecureCRTSession or DirectSession)
-
m_document_device.
per_device_work
(session, enable_pass, command_list_name, folder_per_device)¶ This function contains the code that should be executed on each device that this script connects to. It is called after establishing a connection to each device in the loop above.
This function simply calls the imported “document()” function from the s_document_device script on each device connected to.


These are the most recent notes for the latest release above.
As of 1.1.0 we now have timeline integration! We will push new orders onto the customer's timeline with order date and order source. We will also update the timeline with order status information. Please be aware that due to the way that timeline updates are handled, the order status may end up appearing chronologically before the order in the timeline. This behavior may be fixed in the future if it becomes too much of an issue.
Due to the way BigCommerce handles webhooks for orders, we will update HubSpot with data on order creation and order status updates. This means that if you edit an order with a new total or other information, we won’t send that data into HubSpot until the status changes. Changes will show up in HubSpot, for example, when you ship or otherwise change from the initial status. This prevents unnecessary data transfers. Remember though, that the initial order will always go straight to HubSpot, usually in less than 1 second. Here, we are simply referring to any subsequent changes to an order.
We will update HubSpot with new customer information when either a customer places an order, or when a customer is updated. We will not update the customer in HubSpot when the customer is initially created. This is to minimize duplicate traffic, and hopefully strikes a balance with how BigCommerce and HubSpot are used together. This may change in the future.
Currently due to the way that BigCommerce implements webhooks, we won’t update the customer in HubSpot immediately after updating only a customer’s address in BigCommerce. If you update a customer address book entry, and there is a subsequent change in order status, or a field in the main customer properties section, the customer will then be updated in HubSpot. This is a kind of “eventual consistency” approach that allows us to make sure customers are updated in HubSpot when it matters, but avoid sending excessive traffic to HubSpot.
We will update your contact’s lifecyclestage property to one of the following—‘customer’ for those that have the property “all_time_total_revenue greater” set to something greater than 0, and ‘lead’ for anything other than that. NOTE: HubSpot’s lifecycle stage property is designed to move in a forward fashion only, unless explicitly set to blank first and then moved backward. We will not perform this operation. If your contact has a status greater than ‘lead’ and no revenue when we attempt to set the property to ‘lead’, the property change will not succeed (although the other settings will go through) and the contact will be left with whatever lifecyclestage they had before the operation.
Please note that contacting syncing will not happen all at once, or on a schedule. Hubmetrix is event driven, which means that contacts will sync when there is activity for that contact in BigCommerce. As mentioned above, there are some caveats, but basically this means that when a customer has a new order or a change to their customer details, they will then be synced with HubSpot.


We’re living crazy times and work life isn’t always what it used to be. Working from home has its perks, but it sure comes with some challanges as well. Small talks through the corridors, laughs by the coffee machine, unwinding at lunch with colleagues after a long and busy morning of work...Who would've thought we would miss that so much? Spark believes that relationships in virtual spaces should be as inspiring and human as in real life.
Role
Research
Concept development
UI
Output
A digital experience that matches coworkers according to their daily emotions, encourages taking breaks and facilitates taking initiative to connect remotely.
Collaborators
Karin De la Calle Dahlstedt


iSnakeBuzz_
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monop(1) monop(1) NAME monop, monop2 - Mono Class Outline Viewer SYNOPSIS monop [-r:assembly] [--search] class OPTIONS -r:assembly Specifies the assembly to use for looking up the type -a Renders all of the types in the specified assembly. --search, -s, -k Searches through all known assemblies for types containing `class'. --refs Prints a list of the referenced assemblies for an assembly. Requires an assembly to be specified with -r:assembly. --filter-obsolete, -f Do not show obsolete types and members. --declared-only, -d Only show members declared in the type. --private, -p Show private members. --runtime-version Print runtime version. DESCRIPTION Monop is a tool that allows you to view the outline of a class. You can see the signature of each member of the class. Use monop to explore 1.0 assemblies, use monop2 to explore 2.0 assemblies. The tool takes one option, the class to view. You must specify the full name of the class, including namespace. For generic classes, you must specify the generic arguments, for example: monop2 'System.Collections.Generic.List`1' The above is the string representation for the List<T> in System.Collec‐ tions.Generic If you are unsure of the full name of the class, you can use the `--search' option to search through all known assemblies. MAILING LISTS Visit http://lists.ximian.com/mailman/listinfo/mono-devel-list for details. WEB SITE Visit http://www.mono-project.com for details monop(1)


This interactive section of the Tycho documentation will walk you through the basic class hierarchy central to the Tycho system. These classes are designed to be used in your applications, and of course are used extensively in Tycho itself.
If you are viewing this document from within Tycho, then you can
double click on sections of Tcl code to execute them.
If you are viewing it from Netscape or some other browser, then
you cannot execute them.
Within Tycho, you should proceed sequentially through each section.
If you do not follow the commands sequentially, you will occasionally
get error messages like Invalid command name .z.
This
just means that the command you clicked on expected a window named
.z
to be open, and it isn't. Back up to where the window
was first created, and create it again. Please send email to
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if you find problems.
tycho
Namespacetycho
.
Such commands can be executed from any
namespace by prefixing the command with ::tycho::
.
Namespaces are a concept introduced by the Itcl extension to Tcl.
As the name implies, they provide separable collections of names
for procedures and variables, with the intention of isolating
applications and program modules that share a common infrastructure.
Thus, when referencing Tycho classes, methods, or procedures,
you should use a fully qualified name starting with the prefix
::tycho::
.


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Back to Synopsis of Joy, a functional language
To add two integers, say 2 and 3, and to write their sum, you type the program
2 3 +This is how it works internally: the first numeral causes the integer 2 to be pushed onto a stack. The second numeral causes the integer 3 to be pushed on top of that. Then the addition operator pops the two integers off the stack and pushes their sum, 5. The system reads inputs like the above and executes them when they are terminated by a period
"."
, like this:
2 3 + .In the default mode there is no need for an explicit output instruction, so the numeral
5
is now written to the output file which
normally is the screen. So, in the default mode the terminating
"."
may be taken to be an instruction to write the
top element of the stack. In what follows the terminating period will
not be shown any further.
To compute the square of an integer, it has to be multiplied by itself. To compute the square of the sum of two integers, the sum has to be multiplied by itself. Preferably this should be done without computing the sum twice. The following is a program to compute the square of the sum of 2 and 3:
2 3 + dup *After the sum of 2 and 3 has been computed, the stack just contains the integer 5. The dup operator then pushes another copy of the 5 onto the stack. Then the multiplication operator replaces the two integers by their product, which is the square of 5. The square is then written out as 25. Apart from the
dup
operator there are several others for re-arranging the top of the
stack. The pop operator removes the top element, and the
swap operator interchanges the top two elements.
A list of integers is written inside square brackets. Just as integers can be added and otherwise manipulated, so lists can be manipulated in various ways. The following concatenates two lists:
[1 2 3] [4 5 6 7] concatThe two lists are first pushed onto the stack. Then the
concat
operator pops them off the stack and pushes the
list [1 2 3 4 5 6 7]
onto the stack. There it may be
further manipulated or it may be written to the output file.
Joy makes extensive use of combinators. These are like operators in that they expect something specific on top of the stack. But unlike operators they execute what they find on top of the stack, and this has to be the quotation of a program, enclosed in square brackets. One of these is a combinator for mapping elements of one list via a function to another list. Consider the program
[1 2 3 4] [dup *] mapIt first pushes the list of integers and then the quoted program onto the stack. The
map
combinator then removes the list and
the quotation and constructs another list by applying the program to
each member of the given list. The result is the list [1 4 9
16]
which is left on top of the stack.
In definitions of new functions no formal parameters are used, and hence there is no substitution of actual parameters for formal parameters. After the following definition
square == dup *the symbol
square
can be used in place of dup *
.
As in other programming languages, definitions may be recursive, for example in the definition of the factorial function. That definition uses a certain recursive pattern that is useful elsewhere. In Joy there is a combinator for primitive recursion which has this pattern built in and thus avoids the need for a definition. The primrec combinator expects two quoted programs in addition to a data parameter. For an integer data parameter it works like this: If the data parameter is zero, then the first quotation has to produce the value to be returned. If the data parameter is positive then the second has to combine the data parameter with the result of applying the function to its predecessor. For the factorial function the required quoted programs are very simple:
[1] [*] primreccomputes the factorial recursively. There is no need for any definition. For example, the following program computes the factorial of
5
:
5 [1] [*] primrecIt first pushes the number
5
and then it pushes the two
short quoted programs. At this point the stack contains three
elements. Then the primrec
combinator is executed. It
pops the two quotations off the stack and saves them elsewhere. Then
primrec
tests whether the top element on the stack
(initially the 5
) is equal to zero. If it is, it pops it
off and executes one of the quotations, the [1]
which
leaves 1
on the stack as the result. Otherwise it pushes
a decremented copy of the top element and recurses. On the way back
from the recursion it uses the other quotation, [*]
, to
multiply what is now a factorial on top of the stack by the second
element on the stack. When all is done, the stack contains
120
, the factorial of 5
.
As may be seen from this program, the usual branching of recursive
definitions is built into the combinator. The primrec
combinator can be used with many other quotation parameters to compute
quite different functions. It can also be used with data types other
than integers.
Joy has many more combinators which can be used to calculate many
functions without forcing the user to give recursive or non-recursive
definitions. Some of the combinators are more data-specific than
primrec
, and others are far more general.
Joy programs are built from smaller programs by just two operations: concatenation and quotation. Concatenation is a binary operation, and since it is associative it is best written in infix notation and hence no parentheses are required. Since concatenation is the only binary operation of its kind, in Joy it is best written without an explicit symbol. Quotation is a unary operation which takes as its operand a program. In Joy the quotation of a program is written by enclosing it in square brackets. Ultimately all programs are built from atomic programs which do not have any parts. The semantics of Joy has to explain what the atomic programs mean, how the meaning of a concatenated program depends on the meaning of its parts, and what the meaning of a quoted program is. Moreover, it has to explain under what conditions it is possible to replace a part by an equivalent part while retaining the meaning of the whole program.
Joy programs denote functions which take one argument and yield one value. The argument and the value are states consisting of at least three components. The principal component is a stack, and the other components are not needed here. Much of the detail of the semantics of Joy depends on specific properties of programs. However, central to the semantics of Joy is the following: The concatenation of two programs denotes the composition of the functions denoted by the two programs. Function composition is associative, and hence denotation maps the associative syntactic operation of program concatenation onto the associative semantic operation of function composition. The quotation of a program denotes a function which takes any state as argument and yields as value the same state except that the quotation is pushed onto the stack. One part of a concatenation may be replaced by another part denoting the same function while retaining the denotation of the whole concatenation. One quoted program may be replaced by another denoting the same function only in a context where the quoted program will be dequoted by being executed. Such contexts are provided by the combinators of Joy. These denote functions which behave like higher order functions in other languages.
The above may be summarised as follows: Let P
,
Q1
, Q2
and R
be programs, and
let C
be a combinator. Then this principle holds:
IF Q1 == Q2 THEN P Q1 R == P Q2 R AND [Q1] C == [Q2] CThe principle is the prime rule of inference for the algebra of Joy which deals with the equivalence of Joy programs, and hence with the identity of functions denoted by such programs. A few laws in the algebra can be expressed without combinators, but most require one or more combinators for their expression.
Joy programs denote functions which take states as arguments and as values. Programs are built from atomic programs which also denote functions which take states as arguments and as values. The meaning of compound programs has to be given in terms of the meanings of atomic programs. It is useful to classify atomic programs into categories depending on what kind of function they denote. A coarse classification distinguishes just three, called
Firstly, the literal atomic programs are those which look like constants in conventional languages. They comprise literal numbers (or, more correctly, numerals) such as integers, and other literals of type character, string, truth value and set. Literals do not denote numbers, characters, strings and so on, but they denote functions which take one state as argument and yield as value another state which is like the argument state except that the value of the literal has been pushed onto the stack component.
Secondly, the operator atoms are those which look like
n-ary operators in other languages. They include the operations
such as for addition and the other arithmetical operations, and for
the various operations on other types. Like all programs, operators
denote functions from states to states, but the functions are not
defined on all states. An n-ary operator (such as the
binary addition operator) denotes a function which is defined only on
states whose stack component has n items (such as two
integers) on top.
The function yields as value another state which is like the argument
state except that the n items on the stack have been
replaced by the result (such as the sum).
Also included as operators are those atoms denoting mere structural
functions of the stack component such as dup
,
swap
and pop
, and those that involve input
and output such as get
and put
.
Thirdly, the combinator atoms are like operators in that they require the top of the stack to contain certain items. But unlike operators, they do not treat these items as passive data. Instead they execute these items - and hence those items must be quoted programs. So, combinators also denote functions which are defined only on states having the appropriate number of quoted programs on top of the stack. They yield as values another state which depends on the argument state, including the quoted programs, and on the combinator itself.
Literals, operators and combinators can be concatenated to form programs. These may then be enclosed in square brackets to form literal quotations. Such literals are not atomic, but if they occur in a program they are treated just like other literals: they cause the quoted program to be pushed onto the stack. So, literal quotations denote functions which take any stack as argument and yield as value another stack which is like the argument stack except that it has the quotation pushed on top. Quotations on top of the stack can be treated like other values, they can be manipulated, taken apart and combined, but they can also be executed by combinators. If a quotation contains only literals, then it is a list. The component literals do not have to be of the same type, and they may include further quotations. If a list is executed by a combinator, then its components are pushed onto the stack.
Concatenation of Joy programs denote the composition of the functions
which the concatenated parts denote. Hence if Q1
and
Q2
are programs which denote the same function and
P
and R
are other programs, then the two
concatenations P Q1 R
and P Q2 R
also
denote the same function. In other words, programs Q1
and Q2
can replace each other in concatenations. This
can serve as a rule of inference for rewriting.
As premises one needs axioms such as in the first three lines below,
and definitions such as in the fourth line:
(+) 2 3 + == 5 (dup) 5 dup == 5 5 (*) 5 5 * == 25 (def square) square == dup *A derivation using the above axioms and the definition looks like this:
2 3 + square == 5 square (+) == 5 dup * (def square) == 5 5 * (dup) == 25 (*)The comments in the right margin explain how a line was obtained from the previous line. The derivation shows that the expressions in the first line and the last line denote the same function, or that the function in the first line is identical with the function in the last line.
Consider the following equations in infix notation:The first says that
multiplying a number x
by 2 gives the same result as
adding it to itself. The second says that the size of a
reversed list is the same as the size
of the
original list.
2 * x = x + x size(reverse(x)) = size(x)In Joy the same equations would be written, without variables, like this:
2 * == dup + reverse size == size
Other equivalences express algebraic properties of various operations.
For example, the predecessor pred of the successor
succ of a number is just the number itself. The
conjunction and of a truth value with itself gives just the
truth value. The less than relation <
is the converse of
the greater than relation >
. Inserting a number with
cons into a list of numbers and then taking the
sum of that gives the same result as first taking the sum
of the list and then adding the other number.
In conventional notation these are expressed by
pred(succ(x)) = x x and x = x x < y = y > x sum(cons(x,y)) = x + sum(y)In Joy these are expressed without variables
succ pred == id dup and == id < == swap > cons sum == sum +Some properties of operations have to be expressed by combinators. One of these is the dip combinator which expects a program on top of the stack and below that another value. It saves the value, executes the program on the remainder of the stack and then restores the saved value.
In the first example below, the dip
combinator is used to
express the associativity of addition. Another combinator is the
app2 combinator which expects a program on top of the stack
and below that two values. It applies the program to the two values.
In the second example below it expresses one of the De Morgan laws.
In the third example it expresses that the size of two
lists concatenated is the sum of the size
s of
the two concatenands.
The last example uses both combinators to express that multiplication
distributes (from the right) over addition. (Note that the program
parameter for app2
is first constructed from the
multiplicand and *
.)
[+] dip + == + + and not == [not] app2 or concat size == [size] app2 + [+] dip * == [*] cons app2 +
A deep result in the theory of computability concerns the elimination of recursive definitions. To use the stock example, the factorial function can be defined recursively in Joy by
factorial == [0 =] [pop 1] [dup 1 - factorial *] ifteThe definition is then used in programs like this:
5 factorialBecause in Joy programs can be manipulated as data, the factorial function can also be computed recursively without a recursive definition, as follows:
5 [ [pop 0 =] [pop pop 1] [[dup 1 -] dip i *] ifte ] [dup cons] swap concat dup cons iThe second line in this program does much the same as the body of the definition of factorial, but it is a quoted program. The third line first transforms this into another longer quoted program which performs "anonymous" recursion, and then the final i combinator essentially dequotes this program causing its execution.
The third line implements Joy's counterpart of the Y combinator of the lambda calculus. Exactly the same line can be used to cause anonymous recursion of other functions which are normally defined recursively.
Joy has other combinators which make recursive execution of programs more succinct. (Of course it is also possible in Joy to compute the factorial function more efficiently with iteration instead of recursion.)
Since Joy is very different from familiar programming languages, it takes a while to become used to writing programs in Joy. One way to start the learning process is by way of writing some simple generally useful library programs. In an implementation these may be part of an actual library, or they may be built into the language.
Some general utility programs include operators for manipulating the Joy stack just below the top element, further operators for manipulating aggregate values, and a few output programs.
Generally useful are the stack type and the queue type. Values and operators of these two types are easily implemented as Joy lists and list operators.
Another collection of useful operators take an aggregate as parameter and produce a list of subaggregates. These operators are polymorphic in the sense that the aggregate parameter can be a (small) set, a string, or a list. One such operator can take a set as parameter and produces a list of its subsets. All of these operators are definable without recursion by using the linrec combinator.
Some arithmetic operators are often used to illustrate recursive definitions, although it is well known that iterative execution is more efficient. In particular the use of accumulating parameters can often replace recursion. This is easily done in Joy using various iteration combinators.
Values of sequence types, such as strings and lists, can be sorted, and sorted sequences can be merged. Programs for doing this are easily written in Joy without recursive definitions but using appropriate combinators instead.
Joy's inbuilt datatype of sets is implemented just as bitstrings, and hence it is limited to small sets of small numbers. The more useful big set type, which allows large sets of elements of any type, can be implemented in any language which has lists. It is simple to do in Joy, and the usual set-theoretic operations are easily provided. A similar implementation can be used for the dictionary type, which uses lookup tables for finite functions.
Also useful is the tree type, of lists, or lists of lists, or lists of lists of lists ... of elements other than lists.
A rewriting system consists of a set of syntactic rules for
performing replacements on certain suitable entities. The best known
such system is the one we learnt at school for evaluating arithmetic
expressions. Any programming language can be given a rewriting
system, but for Joy it is particularly simple. The basic binary
rewriting relation will be written in infix notation as
"->
", pronounced "can be rewritten as". The following
are some sample rules for the +
and <
operators and for the dip combinator.
2 3 + -> 5 2 3 < -> true a [P] dip -> P aIn the last example,
P
is any program and a
is any literal (such as a number) or a program whose net effect is to
push exactly one item onto the stack. The rewriting relation is
extended to allow rewriting in appropriate contexts, further extended
to accomodate several rewriting steps, and finally extended to become
a congruence relation, an equivalence relation compatible with program
concatenation. This congruence relation between programs is
essentially the same as the identity relation in the algebra of of
functions which the programs denote. Although Joy functions take a
stack as argument and value, in the rewrite rules the stack is never
mentioned.
The following are rewriting rules for arithmetic expressions in four different notations: infix, functional, prefix and postfix:
2 + 3 -> 5 +(2,3) -> 5 + 2 3 -> 5 2 3 + -> 5In each case on the left the operands are
2
and
3
, and the operator or constructor is
+
, so they all refer to the same arithmetic term. Since
Joy uses postfix notation, it might be thought that one should attempt
a term rewriting system with rules just like the second one in the
last line. That would treat the short program 2 3 +
as
being composed of two operands and an operator or constructor. It
would also treat the gap between 2
and 3
as
quite different from the gap between 3
and
+
. The difference would be explained away as a syntactic
coincidence due to the choice of notation. Apart from +
there would be very many term constructors.
However, Joy has operators for manipulating the top few elements of the stack, such as swap, dup and pop. These are also found in the language Forth. These operators take a stack as argument and yield a stack as value, and their presence forces all other operators to be of the same type. For example, the following is a rewrite rule for swap:
a b swap -> b aUnlike Forth, Joy also has quotations and combinators. These features also force the conclusion that the appropriate rewriting system is a string rewriting system. Consider the following four programs:
[2] [3 +] b [2] [3 +] concat i [2 3] [+] b [2 3] [+] concat iThey all eventually have to reduce to
5
, just like the
earlier Joy program 2 3 +
. It suggests that in the
latter the gaps have to be treated in the same way, the program is a
concatenation of three atomic symbols, and it denotes the composition
of three functions. So, at least for Joy programs without quotations
and combinators, the appropriate system is a string rewriting system.
Such a system is equivalent to a term rewriting system with a
concatenation constructor for programs as the only
constructor. To handle combinators, a quotation constructor
has to be introduced as a second constructor.
The best known functional languages are the lambda calculus and, based on it, the programming languages LISP and its descendants. All of them rely heavily on two operations, abstraction and application, which are in some sense inverses of each other. Abstraction binds free variables in an expression, and it yields a function which is a first class value.
The bound variables are the formal parameters of the function, and, importantly, they are named. Application of an abstracted function to some actual parameters can be understood as resulting in a substitution of actual for formal parameters and then evaluation of the modified expression. More efficiently application can be implemented using an environment of name-value pairs. The lambda calculus does not need definitions, but all functional programming languages allow them as a matter of convenience. Definitions also use named formal parameters, and in applications these have to be substituted or an environment has to be maintained.
Two other functional languages are the combinatory logic of Curry and the FP language of Backus. They are not based on the lambda calculus, they eliminate abstraction completely and hence do not have to deal with substitution and environments. As a result these languages can be manipulated using simple algebraic techniques. But like the lambda calculus and the languages derived from it, both are based on the application of functions to arguments. However, application does not have attractive algebraic properties, and hence there is no theoretical reason for preferring one concrete notation over another.
The languages of category theory comprises another group of functional languages. Whereas the other functional languages use function application, these use function composition. No high level programming language has been based on this formalism, but it has been used as a low level machine language as a target for compilation from a (typed) lambda calculus source. Joy is a high level programming language which resembles the categorical languages more than it resembles any of the other functional languages.
The prototype implementation is written in (K&R) C; it uses a simple stop-copy heap management.
Back to Synopsis of Joy


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--- layout: post title: 1/23 schoolwork date: '2014-01-24T22:15:00.001-07:00' author: Jacob . tags: - homeschool-journal modified_time: '2014-01-24T22:22:12.427-07:00' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6400085873105072120.post-7321407781897035079 blogger_orig_url: http://www.svlark.com/2014/01/123-schoolwork.html --- Math


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WITNESS LIST Agriculture & Livestock Committee February 13, 2003-8:00A Texas Animal Health Commission On: Lenarduzzi, James (Texas Animal Health Commission) Texas Department of Agriculture On: Combs, Commissioner Susan (Texas Department of Agriculture) Texas Food & Fibers Commission On: Avant, Bob (Texas Food & Fibers Commission)


Hello, Zola!
For the past couple of years I've used Hugo for my personal website cgmcintyre.com.
I picked Hugo for its popularity, and got up and running super quick with the minimo theme. However I haven't really done much with the site since I put it up...
I think part of the reason for this is that using someone elses theme made the process of generating the site a bit too magic. I looked into designing a Hugo theme, but I'm not used to go templating and found that Hugo was maybe a bit too powerful for my simple use case.
So, I've moved my site to Zola, a simple static
site generator written in Rust. I've designed the theme for my website
from scratch, which has helped me feel comfortable. My config.toml
file
feels light, and I'm happy with how Zola works under the hood :)
Here's to a more active site!


KPOP is a genre of popular music originating in South Korea. It is influenced by styles and genres from around the world, such as experimental, rock, jazz, gospel, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots.
The more modern form of the genre emerged with the formation of one of the earliest K-pop groups, Seo Taiji and Boys, in 1992. Their experimentation with different styles and genres of music and integration of foreign musical elements helped reshape and modernize South Korea's contemporary music scene.
The term "K-pop" became popular since the 2000s. Previously, South Korean pop music was called Gayo. While "K-pop" is a general term for popular music in South Korea, it is often used in a narrower sense for the genre described here. In 2018, K-pop experienced significant growth and became a 'power player', marking a 17.9% increase in revenue growth.
As of 2019, K-pop is ranked at number six among the top ten music markets worldwide according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry's "Global Music Report 2019", with BTS and Blackpink cited as artists leading the market growth.


Speech and hearing therapy centre
by Staff ReporterAn outreach centre for speech therapy and acoustic training was established in collaboration with All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (AIISH) at Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences (GIMS) in Kalaburagi on Monday.
The centre will provide assessment and rehabilitative service for communication disorders, audiology, speech therapy and counselling.
Screening for Otoacoustic emission (OAE), auditory brain stem response (ABR), audiometry, auditory training and counselling and diagnostic evaluations will be carried out to evaluate newborns to identify communication disorders at an early stage.
The centre is also trying to get Assistance to Disabled Persons (ADIP) scheme for purchasing fitting aids or appliances that are sophisticated and scientifically manufactured using modern techniques.


This documentation is to help you regarding each step of the git commandline. Basic Git and command line (unix) knowledge is required to understand the fundamentals of the commandline.
You will need the following sofwares to use Git.
git --version // if it went well you should get this as return: git version 2.19.1.windows.1
// we use this to define our name when we commit or if people // are wondering who did what when using git status git config --global user.name "Jantje" git config --global user.email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>// when you done that use: git config --list // and if that goes well you will get this returned: core.symlinks=false core.autocrlf=true core.fscache=true color.diff=auto color.status=auto color.branch=auto color.interactive=true help.format=html rebase.autosquash=true http.sslcainfo=C:/Program Files/Git/mingw64/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt http.sslbackend=openssl diff.astextplain.textconv=astextplain filter.lfs.clean=git-lfs clean -- %f filter.lfs.smudge=git-lfs smudge -- %f filter.lfs.process=git-lfs filter-process filter.lfs.required=true credential.helper=manager rebase.usebuiltin=true stash.usebuiltin=true core.autocrlf=true core.excludesfile=C:\Users\Reda\Documents\gitignore_global.txt user.name=Reda<EMAIL_ADDRESS>git help config git config --help //both do the same
// when inside a folder open powershell/cmd whatever (I recommend git bash because of the unix commandline): git init // if everything went well you can see a .git file inside of it (enable view hidden files) // if you want to remove .git from the folder use: rm -rf .git //only works with git bash btw
git status // as you can see there might not be any thing so you get this as return: On branch master No commits yet
// using git bash: touch .gitignore // open the .gitignore file in your favourite text editor/IDE // You can use wildcards with it like, if you don't want .db files like thumbnails .db // you can add up *.db in your .gitignore file // but I added .DS_Store .project & *.db
git status // as you can see there isn't any file in the list anymore that ends with // *.db // .DS_Store or what ever you put to hide. // now we will have to update our git repository git add -A // then git status // now you can see a lot of files in staging area or just a little depends // on how many files you added to it. // if you made a mistake and want to undo real quick because theres one file you didn't // want to commit use git reset [filename] // then do git status // now you can see the file is back at untracked files. //what you want to do now to commit the changes to the repository git commit -m "Initial commit" // between the "" is a message, you want to be detailed // now use git log // so you can see the logs of what someone did you should get this in return: Author: Reda<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Date: Wed Nov 7 14:44:25 2018 +0100 Initial commit
// when inside a folder open powershell/cmd whatever (I recommend git bash because of the unix commandline): git clone [url] . // the dot stands for in this directory // so basically you do this: git clone https://github.com/surjithctly/documentation-html-template.git . // then you should get this returned: Cloning into '.'... remote: Enumerating objects: 185, done. remote: Total 185 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 185 Receiving objects: 100% (185/185), 2.77 MiB | 502.00 KiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (55/55), done.
git remote -v // List all currently configured remotes // for the repository i cloned i have this as return : origin https://github.com/surjithctly/documentation-html-template.git (fetch) origin https://github.com/surjithctly/documentation-html-template.git (push) git branch -a // List all existing branches // for the repository i cloned i have this as return : remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/master remotes/origin/gh-pages remotes/origin/master //those are the branches I have
// make a small change to a file in a file inside of the dir. // then git diff // you can see you made a change now // you can see "+" means added and "-" means removed diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 99de887..2e5a810 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ @@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ - +this is a test // now check status git status // commit git add -A git commit -m "this is a test" //now you push it to the master branch git pull origin master git push origin master
// lets say you want a branch and you only work on that one thing git branch thing // show all branches there is git branch // to go into the "thing"-branch git checkout thing //make a change in the file // check status and the changes git status git diff // it should return the changes you made - +this is a test branch lol. //now commit the change git add -A git commit -m "this is a test branch" // should return [thing e858961] this is a test branch 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)
git push -u origin thing git branch -a // now you pushed it into the origin branch // now we will merge it with the master branch git checkout master // to go to the master branch git pull origin master git branch --merged git merge thing git push origin master
// if we are done with this branch we are ready to delete it git branch --merged git branch -d thing git branch -a git push origin --delete thing


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T A R G E T E D L U S T
by BasedPotato
"All rise," the judge exclaimed. My defendant, Stevie, and I both stood up. He had been accused of embezzlement of state funds along with serious counts of tax avoidance and is now facing the prospect of five lengthy years in prison. Stevie is a notable character in society, a self-made political figure who has yearned for the approval of those around him and succeeded in that endeavour. I was particularly anxious when I initially received the offer to defend him in public court, given that when things go awry in public court and prominent figures do not get their desired outcome, dark consequences generally ensue. Yet, I was given an offer I simply could not refuse on account of my personal circumstances, it was almost as though they knew my exact current predicaments. Coincidence?
As the judge proclaimed, I began to lose focus. I started feeling localised warmth emanating from my right arm. It was uncomfortable, but not unbearable and almost felt foreign. I grabbed at it, accidentally touching Stevie in the process and instantly glanced at him, our eyes locked. Stevie was a handsome man with dark brown eyes and a chiseled masculine jaw. He was wearing an immaculately tailored suit contoured perfectly around his masculine shoulders and tightly hugging his waist, with his shirt skin tight against his broad chest.
The way Stevie stared at me was intimidating, his bright eyes were different this time, they were filled with fire and I could feel that bothersome heat on my arm again, it was an eerie sensation.
"... after carefully reviewing the evidence and statements presented to this honorable court, you have been found guilty as charged, I sentence you to 5 years of imprisonment and a bail set at 350,000,000 Fast Cash" the judge announced and with that, he grabbed his wooden gavel and slammed it down, punctuating the ending of the trial and formalising Stevie’s fate.
I swallowed hard, all of a sudden, Stevie grabbed my arm with tightly and I immediately looked at him again. "You cost me my freedom, don’t think this’ll be the last time you see me," he growled.
My lip started shaking, "are you going to kill me?" I asked him, in the same low voice , in the hope that no one would hear.
 My heart was rushing, skipping beats and I started to feel my hands become sweaty. I began to place my documents inside my suitcase and left as fast as I could, something felt incredibly off deep within.
I ran through the labyrinthian courthouse, past endless rooms and perplexed guards eventually bursting out of the main entrance through the double doors and into the parking lot. I threw my suitcase inside my car and immediately started the engine. I drove at full speed as the exogenous heat within me began to intensify and spread. I couldn't understand the sensation, but I felt as though I didn’t need to.I heard stories of those in the past who have felt this burning sensation, they often descend into insanity with some of them claiming that they soon after begin to hear outside voices. I didn’t give it much thought as they are constantly labelled as insane conspiracy theorists by the News Source.
I finally reached my office after opening the door and getting out of my car. As I enter the building I notice everyone in my office switch their attention towards me. Why is everyone staring at me, or am I just paranoid? I walk past the open floor towards my corner office. As I do so, I feel each pair of eyes tracking my every move, I almost feel naked. I am slowly losing my privacy, I thought. I run inside and lock myself in my office in an attempt to escape the madness.
Dropping to my chair, I exhaled and opened the buttons of my blouse, I was starting to sweat. I then looked at my computer, the self facing camera is oddly more visible than usual and its LED is flashing green. I hadn't noticed that before. Suddenly, I heard a sniggering laugh. I turned to see if someone was there, then I moved the mouse of my computer but nothing was on, still, I could hear it, laughing. It must be in my head?
My stomach fluttered with nervous butterflies, "touch your nipples," the voice echoed. The voice was somewhat familiar, but I couldn't pinpoint the owner. Was it in my head somehow? Or emanating from my computer?
I started feeling my nipples hardening beneath my bra, and then, without noticing, I took my hand over my breath and slid it inside my blouse, reaching for my nipple. I heard the voice laughing again, "you're my puppet, you'll do whatever I say, I’m following you and watching you"
That was the confirmation, it was clearly Stevie and he was undoubtedly in my head speaking to me telepathically. I looked around in my office for confirmation, there was no one other than me in this room. My breath caught in my chest as I unbutton my white shirt and reach for my ample bosom. My flesh felt hot and heavy under my hand as I cupped my breasts, in an effort to appease Stevie, before continuing to move my hand to my nipples, caressing them instantly sent shivers down my spine.
By now, the initial burning sensation I felt in the courtroom has spread throughout my core. Oddly enough, I began enjoying myself with the added thrill of Stevie observing me. "touch yourself, let me see you in all your glory", Stevie goaded. He had me where he wanted, and I wasn't going to fight back. His face was imprinted in my memory with vivid detail almost as though his presence was in the room. Our gazes locked as I lay there exposed.
"You can't hide your feelings for me, touch yourself, remove your lace”. His voice was soft and deep, the tone firm. I was being commanded, not asked. A perverse thrill shot through me, and I shivered. I was in Stevie’s world now and I knew it.  His projection moved closer to me as I ran my hand up my calf, raising goose bumps on my skin. I moaned as I grasped my panties, jerking them down the rest of the way. I slipped my feet from them and spread my legs on my desk, exposing myself to him.
“Don’t stop,” he said, watching me intently. I spread my legs a little, and he ordered, “Wider”. I heard my pulse in my ears as I parted my thighs further. Then, placing my index above my covered slit, I felt the wetness of the fabric. I was scared, but also aroused. I began feeling a tingling sensation in my hands, like electric jolts, it felt almost as though someone was controlling what my hands were doing to me. I began to circle my clit, stroking myself and letting my fingers wander further, dipping inside before tracing upward again, coated in the evidence of my overwhelming desire. I smoothed the silky wetness over my clitoris, into the short, neatly trimmed strip of hair on my mound.
Wordlessly, Stevie watched me rub my clit in slow circles.
"I know you like it, you can't hide your feelings from me."I moaned as my index circled and spread my wetness around. Suddenly, I felt the tingling sensation in my arms as my fingers crawled down my wet slit.
My legs began to shake as the warmth in my core intensified further. My fingers rubbed my inner walls in the right spots. "Stevie, stop, please!" I moaned, but a huge part of me wanted to continue. My thighs tensed, and I planted my white heels firmly against the carpet. My orgasm wound tight within me, ready to spring and uncoil me. A yelped, “Ah!” of frustration escaped, and I lifted my hips from my office chair. I was going to come, I was so close, I was going to come while he watched me, without him ever touching me, and I was so goddamn close —
“Stop.”
I couldn't take it anymore, my fingers slid out of my pussy one final time, taking me to the very edge of satisfaction. "Stevie!" I moaned loudly. I felt my toes curling up and my walls clenching around my fingers. My whole body quivered and quaked as the delicious sensation slowly faded, "You're my slave, everyone will know you're mine," the voice repeated to me as I recovered from the precipice of a transcendental orgasm, never in my 30 years have I felt something as strong as this, yet I didn't even finish. The frustration from not climaxing was only alleviated because deep down I knew that this affair with Stevie is far from over. Was I an accomplice for playing along? Am I no longer a victim?
Days pass after that incident without hearing from Stevie explicitly, but I can feel his presence persisting within me through that same indescribable burning sensation I felt during that fateful day in the courthouse. On some days Stevie's voice echoes ever so slightly in the background, bubbling latently under the surface. I can feel him agitating for attention in my dreams, looking for help in some form, but I’m unsure why he couldn’t just contact me as before. Could he have lost his Jesuit, Divine powers? Are his telepathic powers related to proximity or physical presence? Nonetheless our encounter has made me yearn for his masculine energy and thick, adonis belt between my thighs.
I decided to visit Stevie to reach some closure. I set up a conjugal visit at the CGK Federal prison where Stevie was being harboured. Given his influence on the ruling class the visit was surprisingly easy to organise. I suppose I am living in Stevie’s universe. I just wasn't aware of the breadth of his reach.
I was led to a small trailer within the grounds by a couple of officers, I sat down on the bed waiting nervously for Stevie to enter with my eyes fixated intently on the door. A few moments later, Stevie enters wearing an orange jumpsuit, characteristically tailored around his chiseled physique. I jump up, impulsively hugging him and almost instantly feel his member growing as I caress it gently.
My eyes connected with his, and at that moment in time, I knew I was his target, and always have been from the very beginning. For all the sway he held, he was guilty and had been caught in flagrante delicto with the crimes he was charged with, I had very little chance of acquitting him of his charges and he knew it. "I knew you would come back," he whispered in his deep voice. He explained that the whole court trial had been one last request from him to the Gods to get closer to me.
I wanted to demand an explanation, but before I opened my mouth I began feeling that same burning sensation rousing within me. I locked eyes with Stevie once more as he smiled at me and purred “I owe you one for coming back to me, you won’t regret this”.
To be continued