@tomjwebb I see tons of spreadsheets that i don't understand anything (or the stduent), making it really hard to share.
— Erika Berenguer (@Erika_Berenguer) January 16, 2015
@tomjwebb Create a tab on your excel sheet that explains exactly what you did to get each part of the data and how you have treat it so far.
— Erika Berenguer (@Erika_Berenguer) January 16, 2015
@tomjwebb @SuseJohnston Write comments into any data or code file as if for yourself one year from now when you won't recall the details.
— Albert Cardona (@albertcardona) January 16, 2015
@srsupp @tomjwebb Document! Many sharing platforms exist (e.g. @figshare), but w/o documentation/metadata, research data aren't v. useful
— Jonathan Petters (@jon_petters) January 16, 2015
@tomjwebb @ScientificData “Document. Everything.” Data without documentation has no value.
— Sven Kochmann (@indianalytics) January 16, 2015
@tomjwebb Annotate, annotate, annotate!
— CanJFishAquaticSci (@cjfas) January 16, 2015
@tomjwebb Have good metadata so others can understand it/use it
— Nathan B Furey (@NBFurey) January 16, 2015
@Sal_Keith +1 Metadata essential & prerequisite for the new breed of data journals like @ScientificData or repos like @datadryad @tomjwebb
— Gavin Simpson (@ucfagls) January 16, 2015
Document all the metadata (including protocols).@tomjwebb
— Ward Appeltans (@WrdAppltns) January 16, 2015
You download a zip file of #OpenData. Apart from your data file(s), what else should it contain?
— Leigh Dodds (@ldodds) February 6, 2017
imagine an open data set
It’s out there somewhere:
Think about all you would neeed to understand someone else’s data.
Information that describes, explains, locates, or in some way makes it easier to find, access, and use a resource (in this case, data).
Descriptive
Technical
Administrative
This usually takes the form of a structured set of elements.
By structuring & adhering to controlled vocabularies, data can be combined, accessed and searched!
Different communities develop different standards which define both the structure and content of metadata.
extremely heterogeneous and complexity
dispersed across many separate repositories.
EML is a set of XML schema documents that allow for the structural expression of metadata.
Wide adoption and use of EML will create exciting new opportunities for data discovery, access, integration and synthesis.
EML = extensible markup language: Emphasis on simplicity, generality, and usability across the Internet.
##
## Attaching package: 'EML'
## The following object is masked _by_ '.GlobalEnv':
##
## set_attributes
## <eml packageId="eml.1.1" system="knb" xsi:schemaLocation="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.1.1 eml.xsd">
## <dataset>
## <title>Sample dataset Description</title>
## <creator id="23445" scope="document">
## <individualName>
## <surName>Smith</surName>
## </individualName>
## </creator>
## <creator id="23446" scope="document">
## <individualName>
## <surName>Smith</surName>
## </individualName>
## </creator>
## <additionalInfo>
## <para>My comments go here.</para>
## </additionalInfo>
## <intellectualRights>
##

## <para>Anyone can use it.</para>
##

## </intellectualRights>
## <distribution>
## <online>
## <connectionDefinition scope="document">
## <schemeName system="CAP">sde</schemeName>
## <description>
## <para>The SDE scheme used at CAP LTER</para>
## </description>
## <parameterDefinition>
## <name>hostname</name>
## <definition>The host</definition>
## <defaultValue>mohave.asu.edu</defaultValue>
## </parameterDefinition>
## <parameterDefinition>
## <name>databaseName</name>
## <definition>The name of the database or catalog</definition>
## </parameterDefinition>
## <parameterDefinition>
## <name>owner</name>
## <definition>The owner catalog</definition>
## <defaultValue>dbo</defaultValue>
## </parameterDefinition>
## </connectionDefinition>
## </online>
## </distribution>
## <purpose>
## <para>Provide data to the whole world.</para>
## </purpose>
## <contact>
## <individualName>
## <surName>Johnson</surName>
## </individualName>
## </contact>
## <contact>
## <references>23445</references>
## </contact>
## </dataset>
## </eml>
README
and vignette
documents to manage and document metadata.
I’m using data from a project in which we compiled large dataset on bird reproductive, morphological, physiological, life history and ecological traits across as many bird species as possible to perform a network analysis on associations between trait pairs.
eml
eml
package vignette on creating an EML to cover broader scope of data.| species | max.altitude | dev.mode | courtship.feed.m | song.dur | breed.system |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acridotheres_tristis | NA | 2 | 0 | NA | 1 |
| Aix_galericulata | NA | 1 | NA | NA | 2 |
| Anas_americana | NA | 1 | NA | NA | 2 |
| Anas_clypeata | NA | 1 | NA | NA | 2 |
| Anthracothorax_nigricollis | NA | 2 | NA | NA | 2 |
| Anthus_hodgsoni | NA | 2 | NA | NA | 1 |
| Aphelocoma_coerulescens | NA | 2 | NA | NA | 4 |
| Aphelocoma_ultramarina | NA | 2 | NA | NA | NA |
| Ardea_cinerea | NA | 2 | NA | NA | 1 |
Like many real data sets, column headings are convenient for data entry and manipulation, but not particularly descriptive to a user not already familiar with this data.
More importantly, they don’t let us know what units they are measured in (or in the case of categorical / factor data like species names or life stages, what the factor abbreviations refer to). So let us take a moment to be more explicit:
We can store this information by creating EML files and explicity supply variable descriptions and units.
install.packages("EML")
eml
object from modular elements- eml
- dataset
- creator
- title
- publisher
- pubDate
- keywords
- abstract
- intellectualRights
- contact
- methods
- coverage
- geographicCoverage
- temporalCoverage
- taxonomicCoverage
- dataTable
- entityName
- entityDescription
- physical
- attributeList
dataTable
- dataTable
- entityName
- entityDescription
- physical
- attributeList
We will build this eml
file from the bottom up, starting with the two main components of a dataTable
indicated above:
attributeList
physical
We will then slip these two pieces into place inside a dataTable element, and slip that into our eml element along with the rest of the generic metadata
data.frames
attributes
factors
and a vector of:
columnClass
attr_tbl
in which to complete all info requiredeml_utils.R
functions to extract attributeList
elements from attr_tbl
library(RCurl)
eval(parse(text = getURL(
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/annakrystalli/ACCE_RDM/master/R/eml_utils.R",
ssl.verifypeer = FALSE)))
attributes
dfThe attributes data frame must use only the recognized column headers shown here. The attributes data frame must contain columns for required metadata. These are: For all data:
"numeric"
, "character"
, "factor"
, "ordered"
, or "Date"
, case sensitive)columnClasses
dependant attributesnumeric
(ratio or interval) data:
character
(textDomain) data:
dateTime
data:
11-03-2001
formatString would be "DD-MM-YYYY"
attr_tbl
shelldt <- read.csv("data/bird_trait_db-v0.1.csv")
attr_tbl
shell from your data (dt
)get_attr_shell
from eml_utils.R
.attr_shell <- get_attr_shell(dt)
str(attr_shell)
## 'data.frame': 6 obs. of 11 variables:
## $ attributeName : chr "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
## $ attributeDefinition: logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ columnClasses : chr "character" "numeric" "numeric" "numeric" ...
## $ numberType : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ unit : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ minimum : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ maximum : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ formatString : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ definition : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ code : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ levels : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
attr_tbl
attr_shell
to .csv
write.csv(attr_shell, file = "data/attr_shell.csv")
attr_tbl <- read.csv(file = "data/attr_tbl.csv")
attr_tbl
| attributeName | attributeDefinition | columnClasses | numberType | unit | minimum | maximum | formatString | definition | code | levels |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| species | species | character | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | species | NA | NA |
| max.altitude | Maximum altitudinal distribution | numeric | integer | meter | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| dev.mode | Developmental mode | ordered | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1;2;3 | Altricial;Semiprecocial;Precocial |
| courtship.feed.m | Courtship feeding (by the male) | factor | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Courtship feeding (by the male) | 0;1 | FALSE;TRUE |
| song.dur | Song duration | numeric | real | second | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| breed.system | Which adult(s) provides the majority of care: | factor | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Breeding system | 1;2;3;4;5 | Pair;Female;Male;Cooperative;Occassional |
code
and levels
to store information on factors. Use ";"
to separate code and level descriptions. These can be extracted by eml_utils.R
function get_attr_factors()
later on.attributes
dfattributes <- extract_attr_tbl(attr_tbl)
str(attributes, max.level = 2)
## 'data.frame': 6 obs. of 9 variables:
## $ attributeName : chr "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
## $ attributeDefinition: chr "species" "Maximum altitudinal distribution" "Developmental mode" "Courtship feeding (by the male)" ...
## $ columnClasses : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ numberType : chr NA "integer" NA NA ...
## $ unit : chr NA "meter" NA NA ...
## $ minimum : int NA NA NA NA 0 NA
## $ maximum : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ formatString : logi NA NA NA NA NA NA
## $ definition : chr "species" NA NA "Courtship feeding (by the male)" ...
factors
dffactors <- get_attr_factors(attr_tbl)
kable(head(factors, 9))
| attributeName | code | definition |
|---|---|---|
| dev.mode | 1 | Altricial |
| dev.mode | 2 | Semiprecocial |
| dev.mode | 3 | Precocial |
| courtship.feed.m | 0 | FALSE |
| courtship.feed.m | 1 | TRUE |
| breed.system | 1 | Pair |
| breed.system | 2 | Female |
| breed.system | 3 | Male |
| breed.system | 4 | Cooperative |
library(EML)
attributeList <- set_attributes(attributes, factors, col_classes = attr_tbl$columnClasses)
str(attributeList, max.level = 2)
## Formal class 'attributeList' [package "EML"] with 7 slots
## ..@ .Data : chr(0)
## ..@ schemaLocation:Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ lang :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ slot_order :Formal class 'slot_order' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ attribute :Formal class 'ListOfattribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ references :Formal class 'references' [package "EML"] with 6 slots
## ..@ id :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
physical
physical <- set_physical("bird_trait_db-v0.1.csv")
physical
## <physical>
## <objectName>bird_trait_db-v0.1.csv</objectName>
## <size unit="bytes"/>
## <dataFormat>
## <textFormat>
## <recordDelimiter>\n\r</recordDelimiter>
## <attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation>
## <simpleDelimited>
## <fieldDelimiter>,</fieldDelimiter>
## </simpleDelimited>
## </textFormat>
## </dataFormat>
## </physical>
dataTable
we can now assemble the dataTable element itself by creating a new dataTable
class
dataTable <- new("dataTable",
entityName = "bird_trait_db-v0.1.csv",
entityDescription = "Subsample of bird trait database",
physical = physical,
attributeList = attributeList)
str(dataTable, max.level = 2)
## Formal class 'dataTable' [package "EML"] with 19 slots
## ..@ .Data : chr(0)
## ..@ schemaLocation :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ lang :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ slot_order :Formal class 'slot_order' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ alternateIdentifier:Formal class 'ListOfalternateIdentifier' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ entityName :Formal class 'entityName' [package "EML"] with 4 slots
## ..@ entityDescription :Formal class 'entityDescription' [package "EML"] with 4 slots
## ..@ physical :Formal class 'ListOfphysical' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ coverage :Formal class 'coverage' [package "EML"] with 11 slots
## ..@ methods :Formal class 'methods' [package "EML"] with 7 slots
## ..@ additionalInfo :Formal class 'ListOfadditionalInfo' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ attributeList :Formal class 'attributeList' [package "EML"] with 7 slots
## ..@ constraint :Formal class 'ListOfconstraint' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ caseSensitive :Formal class 'caseSensitive' [package "EML"] with 4 slots
## ..@ numberOfRecords :Formal class 'numberOfRecords' [package "EML"] with 4 slots
## ..@ references :Formal class 'references' [package "EML"] with 6 slots
## ..@ id :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ system :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
## ..@ scope :Formal class 'xml_attribute' [package "EML"] with 1 slot
coverage
Must either be a data.frame
or list
specifying taxonomic information on species in data.
taxon_coverage <- read.csv("data/taxo.csv", stringsAsFactors = F)
## # A tibble: 6 × 7
## KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
## 1 Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Sturnidae Acridotheres
## 2 Animalia Chordata Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Aix
## 3 Animalia Chordata Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Anas
## 4 Animalia Chordata Aves Anseriformes Anatidae Anas
## 5 Animalia Chordata Aves Apodiformes Trochilidae Anthracothorax
## 6 Animalia Chordata Aves Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus
## # ... with 1 more variables: SPECIES <chr>
my example doesn’t have temporal or spatial coverage so I include some dummy information from the EML vignette.
geographicDescription <- "The Geographic region of the kelp bed data extends
along the California coast, down through the coast of Baja, Mexico: Central
California (Halfmoon Bay to Purisima Point), Southern California (Point
Arguello to the United States/Mexico border including the Channel Islands)
and Baja California (points south of the United States/Mexico border including
several offshore islands)"
coverage
sci_names
.coverage <- set_coverage(begin = '2012-06-01', end = '2013-12-31',
sci_names = taxon_coverage,
geographicDescription = geographicDescription,
west = -122.44, east = -117.15,
north = 37.38, south = 30.00,
altitudeMin = 160, altitudeMaximum = 330,
altitudeUnits = "meter")
eml_get(coverage, "geographicDescription")
## [1] "The Geographic region of the kelp bed data extends \nalong the California coast, down through the coast of Baja, Mexico: Central \nCalifornia (Halfmoon Bay to Purisima Point), Southern California (Point \nArguello to the United States/Mexico border including the Channel Islands) \nand Baja California (points south of the United States/Mexico border including \nseveral offshore islands)"
eml_get(coverage, "temporalCoverage")
## An object of class "ListOftemporalCoverage"
## [[1]]
## <temporalCoverage>
## <rangeOfDates>
## <beginDate>
## <calendarDate>2012-06-01</calendarDate>
## </beginDate>
## <endDate>
## <calendarDate>2013-12-31</calendarDate>
## </endDate>
## </rangeOfDates>
## </temporalCoverage>
methods
Keep a dynamic document used to plan, record and write up methods. Again, for a more relevant example, I just include the example provided in the vignette. You can find a copy of the document here
methods_file <- system.file("examples/hf205-methods.docx", package = "EML")
methods_file
## [1] "/Users/Anna/Library/R/3.3/library/EML/examples/hf205-methods.docx"
methods <- set_methods(methods_file)
eml_get(methods, "methodStep")
## An object of class "ListOfmethodStep"
## [[1]]
## <methodStep>
## <description>
##

## <title>General Protocols</title>
## <para>
## Field methods. All experiments will be carried out in the greenhouse
## at Harvard Forest. We have developed an instrumentation system that
## allows us to collect continuous dissolved [O2] measurements:
## dedicated micro-probes (DO-166MT; Lazar Research Laboratories:
## http://www.shelfscientific.com/) connected to multiplexers and data
## loggers (AM16/32B multiplexer, CR-1000 datalogger and control system
## [Campbell Scientific: http://www.cambellsci.com]). The initial
## ecosystem composition in all experimental plants will be
## standardized by seeding each pitcher with a 10-ml inoculum of liquid
## collected from pitchers growing at Tom Swamp. In all experiments,
## prey will be supplied to pitchers as standardized aliquots of dried
## and finely ground bald-faced hornets (Dolichovespula maculata;
## Hymenoptera: Vespidae), which we collect in quantity throughout New
## England. Both hornets and ants (the latter are the dominant prey of
## S. purpurea) are hymenoptera, and have nearly identical C:N ratios
## (hornets: 3.97; common bog-dwelling ants [Tapinoma sessile and
## Myrmica lobifrons]: 3.37), but on average hornets have greater than
## 100 times the dry mass of these ants, and are easier to collect and
## process as a standardized food source. Additions of prey, either as
## large "pulses" or chronic "presses" are
## analogous to the enrichment and eutrophication that occur in aquatic
## "green" food webs in which phytoplankton abundance is
## boosted through addition of limiting nutrients. In "brown"
## food webs such as the Sarracenia microecosystem, detritus - not
## primary production - is at the base of the web, and our treatments
## boost this material as would happen through increases in arthropod
## prey capture78 or through nitrogen-enriched precipitation.
## </para>
## <para>
## Proteomic analysis. Proteomic profiles of microbial communities are
## determined after separating the microbial fraction from the pitcher
## fluid, prey, and other detritus. The microbial "pellet" is
## subjected to SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel)
## electrophoresis; bands are cut out and digested in-gel with trypsin.
## Tryptic peptides are subjected to LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography
## tandem mass spectrometry) for peptide and protein identification.
## Absolute abundance of peptides and proteins are quantified using
## AQUA (Absolute QUAntification) analysis109.
## </para>
##

##

## <title>Specific Experiments</title>
## <para>
## Experiment #1. Effects of nutrient enrichment on state changes and
## [O2] profiles. This experiment alters nutrient enrichment rates to
## characterize the [O2] profile and the transition to the anaerobic
## state. The experimental design is a one-way layout with 5 treatment
## groups: one control (no enrichment) and 4 enrichment levels (0.125,
## 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg prey added ml-1 d-1). One plant is assigned to
## each treatment group, and the entire set is replicated 6 times over
## successive weeks. [O2] is monitored continuously for 4 days to
## characterize state changes and tipping points under different
## enrichment rates. This experiment tracks a continuous [O2] profile
## but does not include proteomic analysis. The purpose of Experiment
## #1 is to identify an enrichment rate E that generates a long
## pre-tipping period before transition time T to the anaerobic state.
## This enrichment rate will be used in Experiments #2 - #4.
## </para>
## <para>
## Experiment #2. Identification of early intervention time and
## characterization of aerobic and anaerobic proteomes. This experiment
## will use the single enrichment rate E determined from Experiment #1
## and impose different intervention times I at which nutrient
## enrichment will be terminated. Thus, this experiment will identify
## the latest time I* at which it is possible to intervene and stop the
## transition to the anaerobic state by halting enrichment. The [O2]
## profile will again be monitored continuously over 10 days to measure
## the state of the system. From Experiment #1, the transition time T
## to the anaerobic state with no intervention will be known. We will
## use one control group (no prey addition) and ten levels of
## intervention time (all with the same enrichment rate E) as a
## proportion of T (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0).
## Six plants will be assigned randomly to each of the 11 treatments in
## a randomized one-way layout and [O2] profiles will be monitored
## continuously. In addition to the [O2] profiles, we will also
## characterize the protein profiles of aerobic and anaerobic pitchers
## in all 11 treatment groups at the end of the experiment.
## </para>
## <para>
## After the plants are harvested, we will create proteomic profiles of
## the predominantly bacterial portion (centrifuged pellet) of the
## pitcher fluid from each plant, as described in General Protocols.
## Thus, 66 separate pellet-fraction samples will be analyzed by
## SDS-PAGE. After examining the SDS-PAGE profiles, approximately ten
## proteins that show dynamic patterns consistent with state change and
## five that do not change will be cut from the gel, subjected to
## in-gel tryptic digestion and a portion of the tryptic peptides will
## be analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Using these data, we will choose three
## identified peptides from each protein for peptide synthesis such
## that each synthesized peptide contains stable isotope labels (AQUA
## peptides) to distinguish them by mass from the native peptides. We
## will then quantify all 45 of the native peptides from the original
## samples using a known amount of each AQUA peptide spiked into the
## tryptic digest. The AQUA analysis of proteins that do not show
## changes will be used for normalization between samples. These data
## will be used to independently identify the current state of the
## system and forecast the time-to-transition.
## </para>
## <para>
## We will use Sequest searches for initial identification of peptides;
## relevant scores including Xcorr and Delta Cn values will be given
## for each peptide. Other peptides will be identified by de novo
## sequencing using PepNovo; all PepNovo scores will likewise be given
## including any N- or C-terminal gaps. Mass error in ppm will be
## reported for each precursor ion. We will use standard multivariate
## analysis to search for distinctive proteomic profiles114 that
## characterize aerobic and anaerobic ecosystems, as well as ecosystems
## that developed with and without inputs of photosynthetic O2 and
## plant metabolites.
## </para>
## <para>
## Experiment #3. Identification of diagnostic proteins. Using
## Experiments #1 and 2, we will have identified an enrichment rate E
## with a long pre-tipping period and an intervention time I* before
## which mitigation and termination of enrichment will prevent
## eutrophication. Experiment #3 will characterize the mean and
## variance of the protein profile before and after I*. We are
## especially interested in identifying proteins that increase rapidly
## in abundance (or variance) well before the onset of flickering in
## [O2] and before the transition time T from the aerobic to the
## anaerobic state.
## </para>
## <para>
## A cohort of 100 plants all will be fed at rate E (determined from
## Experiment #1), with intervention time I* determined from Experiment
## #2, although no intervention will be used in this "press"
## experiment so that we can contrast proteins before and after the
## state change. At seven times before I* and three times after
## I<emphasis>, we will harvest 10 randomly chosen plants. At each
## prescribed harvest time, we will measure [O2] and collect samples
## from each plant for proteomic screening using both SDS-PAGE and AQUA
## analysis. This experiment will identify proteins that rise quickly
## in abundance during the pre- I</emphasis> period and can be used as
## early indicators of a future tipping point. Because different plants
## will be harvested at each time period, this is a one-way ANOVA
## design, with pre-and post- I* a priori contrasts. A randomization
## test will be used to determine whether variances in protein
## expression differ through time. During these analyses we will use
## the data from the AQUA peptides and from known amounts of protein
## standards, such as bovine serum albumin, to approximate the amount
## of protein in a given coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gel band. The
## reason for doing this is to provide a fast "real-time"
## assay based just on expression in the SDS-PAGE. This rapid assay
## will be used in Experiment #4.
## </para>
## <para>
## Experiment # 4. Proof-of-application. This experiment will provide a
## benchmark test of our methods and their ability to correctly
## identify tipping points. A cohort of 100 plants will each be fitted
## with [O2] probes and started on the enrichment regime. Two times per
## day, we will collect 3 plants each, pool their contents, and conduct
## a rapid screen in the lab with SDS-PAGE for the diagnostic proteins
## that were identified in Experiment #3. We will use the protein
## expression in the gel to delineate an "early" and a
## "late" mitigation strategy. As soon as diagnostic proteins
## measured in the SDS-gels are at abundances that signal we are at
## 0.5×I* - approximately one-half of the way to the latest
## intervention time - we will randomly select one third of the
## remaining plants for mitigation and termination of enrichment (the
## "early" mitigation strategy). We will continue to harvest
## plants from the remainder of the cohort and monitor proteins. As
## soon as diagnostic proteins signal we are at 0.75 times I*, we will
## randomly select one half of the remaining plants for mitigation and
## termination of enrichment (the "late" mitigation
## strategy). The remaining plants (approximately one sixth to one
## third of the original cohort) will continue to be enriched. We will
## monitor [O2] in all 3 groups (no-mitigation control, early
## mitigation, late mitigation) until all plants reach a new [O2]
## equilibrium. If the protein markers are successful, the proportion
## of food webs that remain aerobic will be significantly higher in the
## two mitigation treatments than in the no-mitigation control.
## </para>
##

## </description>
## </methodStep>
it’s important to be able to trace back the creator / maintainer of a dataset
R_person <- as.person("Anna Krystalli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>anna <-as(R_person, "creator")
HF_address <- new("address",
deliveryPoint = "Dept. Animal & Plant Science",
city = "Sheffield",
administrativeArea = "South Yorkshire",
postalCode = "S10 2TN",
country = "UK")
contact <-
new("contact",
individualName = anna@individualName,
electronicMail = anna@electronicMailAddress,
address = HF_address,
organizationName = "University of Sheffield",
phone = "000-000-0000")
contact
## <contact>
## <individualName>
## <givenName>Anna</givenName>
## <surName>Krystalli</surName>
## </individualName>
## <organizationName>University of Sheffield</organizationName>
## <address>
## <deliveryPoint>Dept. Animal & Plant Science</deliveryPoint>
## <city>Sheffield</city>
## <administrativeArea>South Yorkshire</administrativeArea>
## <postalCode>S10 2TN</postalCode>
## <country>UK</country>
## </address>
## <phone>000-000-0000</phone>
##<EMAIL_ADDRESS>## </contact>
keywordSet
keywordSet <-
c(new("keywordSet",
keywordThesaurus = "LTER controlled vocabulary",
keyword = c("birds",
"animals",
"vertebrates")),
new("keywordSet",
keywordThesaurus = "trait categories",
keyword = c("life history", "ecology", "breeding biology", "mating system", "macroecology"))
)
pubDate <- "2017"
title <- "Sub sample of bird macroecological trait variables"
abstract <- "The primary goal of this project is to compile a working example of an EML dataset using a subsample of the data from the bird trait networks project. The original dataset was compiled to examing the network structure between pair of a large number of traits. Additional files and objects were created to demonsted a broader example to ACCE research students"
intellectualRights <- "This dataset is released to the public and may be freely
downloaded. Please keep the designated Contact person informed of any
plans to use the dataset. Consultation or collaboration with the original
investigators is strongly encouraged. Publications and data products
that make use of the dataset must include proper acknowledgement"
abstract <- as(set_TextType(abstract_file), "abstract")
dataset
dataset <- new("dataset",
title = title,
creator = anna,
pubDate = pubDate,
intellectualRights = intellectualRights,
abstract = abstract,
keywordSet = keywordSet,
coverage = coverage,
contact = contact,
methods = methods,
dataTable = dataTable)
This step is modular. Remove any arguments you may have skipped.
eml
eml
class objectlibrary(uuid)
eml <- new("eml",
packageId = uuid::UUIDgenerate(),
system = "uuid", # type of identifier
dataset = dataset)
eml
eml_validate(eml)
## [1] TRUE
factors
from attributes:dtT <- eml_get(eml, "dataTable")
attrs <- eml_get(dtT, "attributeList")
attrs$factors
## attributeName code definition
## 1 dev.mode 1 Altricial
## 2 dev.mode 2 Semiprecocial
## 3 dev.mode 3 Precocial
## 4 courtship.feed.m 0 FALSE
## 5 courtship.feed.m 1 TRUE
## 6 breed.system 1 Pair
## 7 breed.system 2 Female
## 8 breed.system 3 Male
## 9 breed.system 4 Cooperative
## 10 breed.system 5 Occassional
eml
write_eml(eml, "example.xml")
## [1] "example.xml"
eml
eml
data/
folder.create_eml.R
Viewer(data)
attr_shell
and complete itmethods .docx
documenteml
.@tomjwebb Think early about where you will archive your data. Ask repository for advice on format & metadata standards @Sal_Keith @ucfagls
— Scientific Data (@ScientificData) January 16, 2015
eg. longer descriptions of variables, units and other useful metadata can be stored as part of dataframes in R using the function attributes()
All r object have attributes and basic data.frames
have 3. These can be accessed by using the same function.
str(attributes(dt))
## List of 3
## $ names : chr [1:6] "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
## $ class : chr "data.frame"
## $ row.names: int [1:100] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
So lets append some metadata to the dt
data.frame as attributes. Indexing using the match function ensures the attributes are stores in order that match match the variable names
descr.att <- attr_tbl$attributeDefinition[match(names(dt), attr_tbl$attributeName)]
names(descr.att) <- names(dt)
attributes(dt)$descr <- descr.att
units.att <- attr_tbl$unit[match(names(dt), attr_tbl$attributeName)]
names(units.att) <- names(dt)
attributes(dt)$units <- units.att
str(attributes(dt))
## List of 5
## $ names : chr [1:6] "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
## $ class : chr "data.frame"
## $ row.names: int [1:100] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ descr : Named chr [1:6] "species" "Maximum altitudinal distribution" "Developmental mode" "Courtship feeding (by the male)" ...
## ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:6] "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
## $ units : Named chr [1:6] NA "meter" NA NA ...
## ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:6] "species" "max.altitude" "dev.mode" "courtship.feed.m" ...
So let’s go ahead and make use of some of those attributes. There’s a few ways they can be accessed. Say we want the descr
attribute for all variables
attr(dt, "descr")
## species
## "species"
## max.altitude
## "Maximum altitudinal distribution"
## dev.mode
## "Developmental mode"
## courtship.feed.m
## "Courtship feeding (by the male)"
## song.dur
## "Song duration"
## breed.system
## "Which adult(s) provides the majority of care:"
So let’s go ahead and make use of some of those attributes. There’s a few ways they can be accessed. Say we want the descr
attribute for all variables
attributes(dt)$descr
## species
## "species"
## max.altitude
## "Maximum altitudinal distribution"
## dev.mode
## "Developmental mode"
## courtship.feed.m
## "Courtship feeding (by the male)"
## song.dur
## "Song duration"
## breed.system
## "Which adult(s) provides the majority of care:"
Let’s make an axis label by combining the description and unit attributes using the paste
function.
descr <- attributes(dt)$descr["song.dur"]
unit <- attributes(dt)$unit["song.dur"]
label <- paste(descr, " (", unit, ")", sep = "")
plot(density(na.omit(dt[,"song.dur"])), main = label)


{% load i18n %} {% blocktrans %}
Use the following placeholders to define how the annotation vector (x and y values of the points) get represented:
%%count0: the number of the current point (starting with 0)
%%count1: the number of the current point (starting with 1)
%%x, %%relx: x-coordinate of the current point, absolute or relative value
%%y, %%rely: y-coordinate of the current point, absolute or relative value
%%br: a linebreak
{% endblocktrans %}


Uses of Class
org.apache.cayenne.query.PrefetchTreeNode
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.apache.cayenne.ejbql | |
| org.apache.cayenne.exp |
Cayenne data expression classes.
|
| org.apache.cayenne.query |
Defines standard queries supported by Cayenne and extension mechanism to create
custom queries.
|
| org.apache.cayenne.util |
General utility classes.
|
-
Uses of PrefetchTreeNode in org.apache.cayenne.ejbql
Methods in org.apache.cayenne.ejbql that return PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description PrefetchTreeNode
EJBQLCompiledExpression. getPrefetchTree()
Returns prefetched columns tree for fetch joins. -
Uses of PrefetchTreeNode in org.apache.cayenne.exp
Methods in org.apache.cayenne.exp that return PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description PrefetchTreeNode
Property. disjoint()
Returns a prefetch tree that follows this property path, potentially spanning a number of phantom nodes, and having a single leaf with "disjoint" prefetch semantics.PrefetchTreeNode
Property. disjointById()
Returns a prefetch tree that follows this property path, potentially spanning a number of phantom nodes, and having a single leaf with "disjoint by id" prefetch semantics.PrefetchTreeNode
Property. joint()
Returns a prefetch tree that follows this property path, potentially spanning a number of phantom nodes, and having a single leaf with "joint" prefetch semantics. -
Uses of PrefetchTreeNode in org.apache.cayenne.query
Fields in org.apache.cayenne.query declared as PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Field Description protected PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. parent
protected PrefetchTreeNode
FluentSelect. prefetches
protected PrefetchTreeNode
SQLSelect. prefetches
Fields in org.apache.cayenne.query with type parameters of type PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Field Description protected Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. children
Methods in org.apache.cayenne.query that return PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. addPath(String path)
Adds a "path" with specified semantics to this prefetch node.PrefetchTreeNode
ProcedureQuery. addPrefetch(String prefetchPath)
Adds a prefetch.PrefetchTreeNode
SelectQuery. addPrefetch(String prefetchPath)
Adds a prefetch with specified relationship path to the query.PrefetchTreeNode
SQLTemplate. addPrefetch(String prefetchPath)
Adds a prefetch.PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. cloneJointSubtree()
Returns a clone of subtree that includes all joint children starting from this node itself and till the first occurrence of non-joint nodeprotected PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. getChild(String segment)
PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. getNode(String path)
Looks up an existing node in the tree desribed by the dot-separated path.PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. getParent()
PrefetchTreeNode
FluentSelect. getPrefetches()
PrefetchTreeNode
SelectById. getPrefetches()
PrefetchTreeNode
ProcedureQuery. getPrefetchTree()
PrefetchTreeNode
QueryMetadata. getPrefetchTree()
Returns a root node of prefetch tree used by this query, or null of no prefetches are configured.PrefetchTreeNode
QueryMetadataProxy. getPrefetchTree()
PrefetchTreeNode
SelectQuery. getPrefetchTree()
PrefetchTreeNode
SQLTemplate. getPrefetchTree()
PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. getRoot()
Returns the root of the node tree.static PrefetchTreeNode
PrefetchTreeNode. withPath(String path, int semantics)
Creates and returns a prefetch tree spanning a single path.Methods in org.apache.cayenne.query that return types with arguments of type PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. adjacentJointNodes()
Returns a subset of nodes with "joint" semantics that are to be prefetched in the same query as the current node.Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. disjointByIdNodes()
Returns a collection of PrefetchTreeNodes with disjoint semanticsCollection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. disjointNodes()
Returns a collection of PrefetchTreeNodes with disjoint semantics.Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. getChildren()
Returns an unmodifiable collection of children.Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. jointNodes()
Returns a collection of PrefetchTreeNodes in this tree with joint semantics.Collection<PrefetchTreeNode>
PrefetchTreeNode. nonPhantomNodes()
Returns a collection of PrefetchTreeNodes that are not phantoms.Methods in org.apache.cayenne.query with parameters of type PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description void
PrefetchTreeNode. addChild(PrefetchTreeNode child)
void
SelectQuery. addPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetchElement)
Adds a prefetch with specified relationship path to the query.SQLSelect<T>
SQLSelect. addPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
Merges a prefetch into the query prefetch tree.void
SQLTemplate. addPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetchElement)
Adds a prefetch with specified relationship path to the query.void
PrefetchProcessor. finishPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
String
PrefetchTreeNode. getPath(PrefetchTreeNode upTillParent)
void
PrefetchTreeNode. merge(PrefetchTreeNode node)
MergesPrefetchTreeNode
into the current prefetch tree, cloning the nodes added to this tree.ColumnSelect<T>
ColumnSelect. prefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetch)
Merges prefetch into the query prefetch tree.ObjectSelect<T>
ObjectSelect. prefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetch)
Merges prefetch into the query prefetch tree.SelectById<T>
SelectById. prefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetch)
Merges prefetch into the query prefetch tree.void
PrefetchTreeNode. removeChild(PrefetchTreeNode child)
void
SelectQuery. setPrefetchTree(PrefetchTreeNode prefetchTree)
boolean
PrefetchProcessor. startDisjointByIdPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode prefetchTreeNode)
boolean
PrefetchProcessor. startDisjointPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
boolean
PrefetchProcessor. startJointPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
boolean
PrefetchProcessor. startPhantomPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
boolean
PrefetchProcessor. startUnknownPrefetch(PrefetchTreeNode node)
Constructors in org.apache.cayenne.query with parameters of type PrefetchTreeNode Constructor Description PrefetchTreeNode(PrefetchTreeNode parent, String name)
Creates a phantom PrefetchTreeNode, initializing it with parent node and a name of a relationship segment connecting this node with the parent. -
Uses of PrefetchTreeNode in org.apache.cayenne.util
Methods in org.apache.cayenne.util with parameters of type PrefetchTreeNode Modifier and Type Method Description Object
ObjectDetachOperation. detach(Object object, ClassDescriptor descriptor, PrefetchTreeNode prefetchTree)
"Detaches" an object from its context by creating an unattached copy.


object PayWithGoogleUtils
Public utility class for common Pay with Google-related tasks.
getPriceString |
Converts an integer price in the lowest currency denomination to a Google string value. For instance: (100L, USD) -> "1.00", but (100L, JPY) -> "100". fun getPriceString(price: Int, currency: Currency): String |


This webpage was created to practice using Bootstrap.
Elements practiced include Jumbotron, Panels, and Rows/Columns.
The website is an advertising page for a fake island resort called Boot Island.
It includes visitor reviews, and vacation packages.
This website was created following Epicodus instuctions to introduce and show how to use Bootstrap's grid system as well as styling options
It describes what specific topics were covered in Week One of Epicodus as well as a quote from a patner during the week
This website was created to practice using CSS to style and format webpages.
It is designed to be the home page for a fictional band called 'Forager'.
It shows their hit art for albums such as 'Urgent: That Is Not A Safe Thing To Eat' and 'I Want To Know What Nuts Are'.
It also includes Tour Date information and photos of the band.
This website was created to practice using CSS classes and the span tag to design and affect certain elements.
It is a fictional blog post about different types of breads.
Using classes, and span, the different types of bread information were styed different ways.


Propeller Manual (Pdf)...
Propeller Datasheet (Pdf)...
Demo Board Schematic (Pdf)...
QuickStart Schematic (Pdf)...
Propeller Education Kit (pdf)...
View Character Chart
Visit Object Exchange Website...
Visit PE Kit Discussions...
Visit Propeller Chip Discussions...
Visit Parallax Semiconductor Forum...
Visit Parallax Semiconductor Website...
About
Propeller Library
Propeller Library - Demos
Examples - Help
Examples - PE Kit
/
All Files (*.*)
Propeller Spin Source (*.spin,*.spi)
Propeller Applications (*.binary,*.bin,*.eeprom,*.eep)
Text Files (*.txt,*.log)
C/C++ & Friends (*.c,*.cpp,*.h)
Cobol & Friends (*.cbl,*.cob,*.cpy)
Html & Friends (*.html,*.htm,*.css,*.js)
All
OBJects included [spin, spi}
PUBlic Methods [spin, spi}
PRIvate Methods [spin, spi}
FUNCTIONS (html, js}


This is a set of minimization tools (maximum likelihood estimation and least square fitting) to solve examples in the Johan Gabrielsson and Dan Weiner's book "Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis - Concepts and Applications" 5th ed. (ISBN:9198299107). Examples include linear and nonlinear compartmental model, turn-over model, single or multiple dosing bolus/infusion/oral models, allometry, toxicokinetics, reversible metabolism, in-vitro/in-vivo extrapolation, enterohepatic circulation, metabolite modeling, Emax model, inhibitory model, tolerance model, oscillating response model, enantiomer interaction model, effect compartment model, drug-drug interaction model, receptor occupancy model, and rebound phenomena model.
| Version: | 0.4.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.0), numDeriv |
| Published: | 2018-06-14 |
| Author: | Kyun-Seop Bae [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Kyun-Seop Bae <k at acr.kr> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| Copyright: | 2017-, Kyun-Seop Bae |
| URL: | https://cran.r-project.org/package=wnl |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | wnl results |
| Reference manual: | wnl.pdf |
| Package source: | wnl_0.4.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: wnl_0.4.1.zip, r-release: wnl_0.4.1.zip, r-oldrel: wnl_0.4.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: wnl_0.4.1.tgz, r-oldrel: wnl_0.4.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | wnl archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wnl to link to this page.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load i18n django_bootstrap5 %} {% block content %}
{% trans 'Please use your login and password from https://rating.riichimahjong.org/ to login.'|urlize %}
{% trans 'We are not storing these credentials, they are used only during the login process.' %}


{% extends 'core/base_international.html' %} {% load static from staticfiles %} {% load trans from i18n %} {% load banner from directory_components_tags %} {% block content %} great.gov.uk Contact us Contact us Contact us if you: want to set up your business in the UK want to contact or buy from UK companies have a question about the UK’s exit from the European Union {% endblock %}
Contact us if you:


2019, May 31
Operation Torrent2019, May 4
Veteran Voyage 3602019, March 2-8
Veteran Voyage 3602019, January 5-8
Veteran Voyage 3602018, November 14
Operation Torrent2018, October 27
Veteran Voyage 3602018, August 5-26
Veteran Voyage 3602018, June 14 - July 8
Operation Torrent2018, June
Operation Torrent2018, March 3-5
Operation Torrent2017, October 28
Operation Torrent2017, September 1
Operation Heartland2017, June 8
Operation Torrent2017, March 4 - March 11
Operation Torrent


Panel Server
Bayshore Yard
Nowheres Yard
Nowheres Passenger
Nowheres Hump (Marshall)
Windsor Staging
Dispatch North
Dispatch South
Turnout Tester


index
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next
NumericType Class
Definition at line
620
of
Unicode.hpp
Constructors
NumericType
(
NumericTypeId
id_,
const
std::string& shortName_,
const
std::string& longName_)
Member Functions
NumericTypeId
Id
()
const
const
std::string&
LongName
()
const
const
std::string&
ShortName
()
const
Member Variables
NumericTypeId
id
std::string
longName
std::string
shortName
Constructor Details
NumericType Constructor
cmajor::unicode::NumericType::NumericType(
NumericTypeId
id_,
const
std::string& shortName_,
const
std::string& longName_)
Definition at line
1452
of
Unicode.cpp
:
1452
:
id
(
id_
)
,
shortName
(
shortName_
)
,
longName
(
longName_
)
1453
{
1454
}
Declaration at line
623
of
Unicode.hpp
Member Function Details
Id Member Function
NumericTypeId
cmajor::unicode::NumericType::Id()
const
Definition at line
624
of
Unicode.hpp
:
624
{
return
id
;
}
Called by:
LongName Member Function
const
std::string& cmajor::unicode::NumericType::LongName()
const
Definition at line
626
of
Unicode.hpp
:
626
{
return
longName
;
}
Called by:
ShortName Member Function
const
std::string& cmajor::unicode::NumericType::ShortName()
const
Definition at line
625
of
Unicode.hpp
:
625
{
return
shortName
;
}
Called by:
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---
layout: post
title: Колибри
date: '2008-03-20T11:56:00.003Z'
author: tknv
tags:
- music
- soviet
modified_time: '2009-07-09T19:01:47.440Z'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11459759.post-1256020130389184770
blogger_orig_url: http://phichyudebow.blogspot.com/2008/03/blog-post_20.html
---
sounds like a StereoLab,But Drums Special.
Good band.gotta like.
wanna know them graphy more.｀


|
|
Release notes for the javadt debuggerAs a demonstration of the Java Debug Interface (JDI), we are providing source code for a simple GUI debugging tool - javadt. It is included as an example and demonstration of JDI. It is not a finished or polished debugger and is missing many features of importance for real debugging work.Invoking javadtjavadt can be run by executing: java gui.GUI <options>.. <class-name>
where <class-name> is the name you would normally
place on the For example, you can invoke the javadt debugger as follows: javadt gui.GUI -classpath . HelloNote: this -classpath option controls the
class path for the Hello application.
Once the window appears, you can issue the 'run' command to begin
execution immediately. It is also
possible to give the class name in the 'run' command, in
which case it may be omitted when invoking the debugger from the
shell.
The classpath may also be set from within the debugger, using the 'classpath' command. Currently, other arguments to the VM must be given on the shell command line when the debugger is initially invoked. The most recently mentioned classpath, VM arguments, main class name, and program arguments are retained as defaults for later 'run' and 'load' commands. (Unfortunately, at present, the debugger will likely crash if you attempt to begin another debugging session with another debuggee process from within the same invocation of the debugger. You should exit to the shell and start a new debugger process.) Using javadtThe javadt normally displays context related to the "current thread", that is, the thread that most recently encountered a breakpoint, threw an uncaught exception, or was single-stepped by the user. When program execution is suspended on account of one of these events, a current thread exists, and the javadt displays the following information about it:
In addition, a tabbed pane allows the user to view one of three additional views:
By clicking on the name of a source file, the source view can be directed to display it. Likewise, clicking on a thread will make that thread the current thread. These features are normally used while the program is suspended, e.g, at a breakpoint. Upon resumption and encountering another breakpoint, for example, the current thread will be automatically reset and the views will be updated. The views tile the javadt display, and are adjustable in size. The javadt functionality is rather basic, thus a command-line interaction window is also provided that allows access to functions that are not yet exposed in the javadt. In particular, it is necessary to use the command line in order to set breakpoints and examine variables. The javadt debugger command interpreter implements roughly a subset of the jdb functionality, but adds a few commands of its own. The 'help' command lists the complete set of commands and their function. Shortcuts for a set of the most common commands is provided on a button-bar at the top of the display. The program to be debugged may be started either as a child of the debugger, or the debugger can be attached to an existing process, provided that its VM is prepared to accept the connection. If the debuggee is started by the debugger as a child, a line-oriented interface to its standard input, output, and error streams is provided in an application interaction pane. The debugger expects to find the program source code on its sourcepath, set with the 'use' or 'sourcepath' command. If you find that sources are not being displayed because the sourcepath is incorrect, you may change it at that time, and the source view will be immediately updated. The message "No current thread" is often encountered when stepping through a program. This message does not mean that the thread or the VM has died, merely that a current thread is undefined. This situation can easily occur unexpectedly when the program being stepped is waiting, eg., for input. The VM appears to be stopped, as it would be after the successful completion of a step, but it is considered to be "running", not "interrupted". The prompt in the command interaction pane indicates the state by changing to a thread name and frame number when the VM is interrupted. When it is running, the prompt "Command:" is displayed. Source for javadt
Full source code for javadt is included in the
javadt uses the following packages (found in the
Building javadt
To build the javadt classes from the provided source files in
the | |||||||
|
|


Windows.Forms Code
I'm an ASP developer, but occasionally I hack together utilities in Windows.Forms. Most of these are to do with files. I keep using these classes, but they are not necesarily the right way to do stuff, just the way I found that works.
Core .Net
- SortableBindingList<T> (for Windows.Forms)
- FileSizeFormatProvider - An ICustomFormatter for file sizes.
- FileListViewSorter - An IComparer for FileSystemInfos in ListViewItems.
- DirectoryClickedEventArgs - just an EventArgs
- Using IsolatedStorage to store settings
General forms
Using controls
Helpers because I can never remember how to set these up in the designer.


Introduction
Twisted is a big system. People are often daunted when they approach it. It's hard to know where to start looking.
This guide builds a full-fledged Twisted application from the ground up, using most of the important bits of the framework. There is a lot of code, but don't be afraid.
The application we are looking at is a finger
service, along the
lines of the familiar service traditionally provided by UNIX™ servers.
We will extend this service slightly beyond the standard, in order to
demonstrate some of Twisted's higher-level features.
Each section of the tutorial dives straight into applications for various Twisted topics. These topics have their own introductory howtos listed in the core howto index and in the documentation for other Twisted projects like Twisted Web and Twisted Words. There are at least three ways to use this tutorial: you may find it useful to read through the rest of the topics listed in the core howto index before working through the finger tutorial, work through the finger tutorial and then go back and hit the introductory material that is relevant to the Twisted project you're working on, or read the introductory material one piece at a time as it comes up in the finger tutorial.
Contents
This tutorial is split into eleven parts:
- The Evolution of Finger: building a simple finger service
- The Evolution of Finger: adding features to the finger service
- The Evolution of Finger: cleaning up the finger code
- The Evolution of Finger: moving to a component based architecture
- The Evolution of Finger: pluggable backends
- The Evolution of Finger: a web frontend
- The Evolution of Finger: Twisted client support using Perspective Broker
- The Evolution of Finger: using a single factory for multiple protocols
- The Evolution of Finger: a Twisted finger client
- The Evolution of Finger: making a finger library
- The Evolution of Finger: configuration and packaging of the finger service


About
Today Is a Good Day to Donate to a Children’s Charity You Can Trust.
Right now, the world's children are growing up in a deadly pandemic – their lives and futures on the line.
But through the dedicated support of donors like you, we will be doing whatever it takes to protect children.
The Spark Foundation
A world of enabled and connected little minds, building future.
We connect students of all financial backgrounds with experts. Knowledge sharing enables equal opportunity for all.
Gallery
Check our gallery from the recent events
Supporters
F.A.Q
-
Is there any advantage to donate online?
Yes. Charity donation websites as a primary resource to donate is very cost-effective unlike other channels like field offices or call centres.
-
Do I need any special hardware or software to donate online?
No. But if this is the first time that you are making an online transaction that involves the use of a credit card, you need to ensure that the transaction is secure. It is always better to use the most updated browser.
-
Is cash donation acceptable?
No. We do not accept any cash donations in the interest of transparency and accountability. If you’d like to donate, you can do so through any of the ways listed here.
Contact Us
Please feel free to reach to us.
Address
Wattah Pte LtdThe Hangar, I-Cube, 21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, 119613


Date Picker
Are you interested in data from more than 1 day?
Date:
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Last 7 days
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from:
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Source:
Github


28 useful stocking stuffers — all under $10, Business Insider - Business Insider Singapore
by Connie Chen, Business Insider US- If the holidays are the season for giving, then stocking stuffers are the affordable, easy-to-buy gifts you can give to everyone in your life, from your neighbors to your distant cousin twice removed.
- Even if your gift costs $10 or less, it can still be useful, thoughtful, and unique.
- Check out all of our holiday gift guides for 2019.
Not everyone in your life, like your friendly neighborhood mailman or the kid cousins you only see once a year, is going to receive a fancy gift from you during the holidays. However, it’s always a nice gesture to give them a small token of love and appreciation and show that you’re thinking of them.
Before you tackle the big-ticket gift purchases on your list for your mom, dad, or significant other, it’s easier to start small with the stocking stuffers you can buy by the armful. Under $10 is just about as affordable as you can get with gifts, but this low price point doesn’t mean your stocking stuffers can’t still be useful, thoughtful, and unique.
The 5 best stocking stuffers under $10:
- A hydrating lip balm from Jack Black
- A stylish and reusable shopping bag from Baggu
- A 6-foot-long lightning cable from Anker that works on iPhones, iPods, and iPads
- Indulgent gourmet caramels covered in dark chocolate from Sugarfina
- High-quality, matte prints of your favorite memories together from Artifact Uprising
Here are 28 affordable stocking stuffers, from handy tech accessories to personal-care staples, that are far from throwaways:
Cable clips that keep all your cables organized
Shintop 6-Piece Cable Clips Set, $5.69, available at Amazon
These handy adhesive clips prevent cables from slipping around the table and control any cords that run along the wall.
A stylish and reusable shopping bag
Baby Baggu, $10, available at Baggu
The mini version of Baggu’s original best-selling bag is the perfect size for grocery store pick-me-ups or their daily lunch.
A pair of colorful socks
Clouds Sock, $8.40, available at Happy Socks
To meet the free shipping minimum, pick up a few different styles, or check out the themed gift box sets to impress the sock aficionado in your life.
A funny laptop sticker
Pug Yoga Sticker by Huebucket, $2.99 to $9.99, available at Society6
Find thousands of unique laptop sticker designs, from inspirational phrases to quirky illustrations, at art site Society6.
Surprisingly high-performing earbuds that tens of thousands of reviewers love
Panasonic ErgoFit In-Ear Earbuds RP-TCM120-K, $9.02, available at Amazon
Panasonic proves you really don’t have to spend a lot on a solid pair of earbuds. The comfortable feel and balanced audio make them a great everyday model.
Reusable stainless steel straws
RSVP Endurance Stainless Steel Bent Drink Straws, 4-Count, $9.79, available at Amazon
Gift reusable metal straws so your friends and loved ones have little excuse not to reduce their plastic waste.
A long lightning cable
Anker Powerline 6-Foot Lightning Cable, $9.99, available at Amazon
Admittedly, they’re not the most glamorous stocking stuffer, but you can’t deny their usefulness. The long length is convenient and the cable delivers maximum charging speed to their device.
A hydrating lip balm
Jack Black Intense Therapy Lip Balm SPF 25, $8, available at Sephora
Relieve winter-chapped lips with a best-selling lip balm filled with hydrating and nourishing ingredients like avocado oil and green tea extract.
A small, beautiful candle
Japonica Santiago Huckleberry Petite Decorative Tin Candle, $10, available at Nordstrom
Featuring notes of huckleberry, vanilla and crushed sugar cane, this candle brings the scents of a garden indoors and has an impressive 25-hour burn time.

Cute hair ties
Invisibobble Power Hair Ring, $7.89, available at Target
Hair ties that don’t strain your head or leave marks aren’t easy to find, which is why your recipient won’t be able to thank you enough for this simple hair accessory.
A soothing face mask
Sephora Collection Face Mask, $6, available at Sephora
Sephora’s special “bio-fiber” masks hug facial contours more closely so their skin will enjoy the full benefits of the ingredients. Choose from masks like Rose (moisturizing, brightening) and Pineapple (pore-refining).
Funky faux leather stickers
Icon Stickers, $5, available at Mark & Graham
These small and playful stickers insert personality onto any laptop, phone case, water bottle, or suitcase.
An affordable phone accessory that really lives up to the hype
PopSockets Grip, $9.97, available at Amazon
We know – PopSockets Grips are everywhere. But there’s a reason why even naysayers have been convinced. They offer a strong grip on your phone, double as a stand, and come in many different colors and prints.
A pack of double-ended colored pencils
Yoobi Double-Ended Colored Pencil 12-Pack, $3.99, available at Target
For only $4, they get 24 colors to exercise their creativity. These pencils save space and color smoothly.
A nice bottle opener
Marble + Copper Bottle Opener, $9.99, available at West Elm
The beautiful handcrafted bar accessory is made from a cool pairing of materials, marble and copper.
A personal mini fan
Haptime Portable Personal Mini Fan, $9.99, available at Amazon
This tiny fan comes in handy during all seasons. Our editor loves using it in stuffy subway stations.
High-quality, matte prints of your favorite memories together
Everyday Print Set, from $9, available at Artifact Uprising
Physical prints are always thoughtful and appreciated. Artifact Uprising’s easy-to-use photo editor helps you check off your gift list in no time.
Indulgent gourmet caramels covered in dark chocolate
Sugarfina Dark Chocolate Sea Salt Caramels, $7.50, available at Bloomingdale’s
Rich caramel, slightly bitter dark chocolate, and a zing of sea salt balance each other out in this treat that melts in your mouth.
A fizzy bath bomb
Bath Bomb, $4.97, available at West Elm
With this gift, they’ll feel their worries dissolve as quickly as this bath bomb. The South Seas scent will take them to a coastal dream far, far away.
A fast-charging power bank
heyday 4000 mAh Power Bank, $9.99, available at Target
This $10 power bank packs a lot of charge into a compact device, letting them fill up to a full battery around two times.
Shoelaces made from recycled water bottles
Runner Lace Kit, $10, available at Allbirds
Be on the lookout for limited-edition colors of these popular laces. They’re an easy way to make their shoes look fresh and exciting.
A mini silicone spatula that home cooks swear by
GIR: Get It Right Premium Silicone Mini Spatula, 8 Inches, Blue, $7.95, available at Amazon
If they bake at all, GIR’s well-designed spatula is a must-have tool. They’ll enjoy using the mini size to dig into small bowls and jars.
A monogrammed mug
Monogram Mug, $10, available at Anthropologie
This large, personalized mug looks best when filled with steaming hot cocoa or tea.
Gel nail polish
Essie Gel Couture Nail Polish, $7.97, available at Amazon
Essie’s nail polishes boast rich color and long wear, so they can recreate the salon experience right at home.
Hot chocolate mix, complete with marshmallows
Mason Jar Cocoa Mix, from $7.20, available at Etsy
These hand-crafted mason jar mixes come in a pint-size or half-pint size and include twine or a ribbon of your choice. Inside are the fixings of your choice of flavor for a great hot cocoa drink and a cozy, indulgent night in. You can also pick toppings from mini marshmallows to semi-sweet or milk chocolate chips.
Cute lid lifts that allow steam to escape so their pots won’t boil over
Tovolo Farm Animal Pot Lid Lifts, three for $7, available at Amazon
Add a little personality to their kitchen with these heat-resistant silicone lid lifts. They’re also available in sheep and smiley-face varieties.
A simple leather bookmark
Bookmark, $7, available at Leatherology
They’ll never guess that these handsome full-grain leather bookmarks cost less than $10. The bookmark looks nice and is much more sturdy than its paper counterpart.


- Direct Known Subclasses:
- ConnectionAddedEvent, ConnectionRemovedEvent, LabelAddedEvent, LabelRemovedEvent, MapResizeEvent, NodeCreateEvent, NodeDeleteEvent, NodeMovedEvent
public abstract class EditEvent
extends java.lang.Object
This serves as the base class for the events used by the program.
Whenever the user uses this program to edit the data, we can create an instance of
a subclass of Edit Event, then call
NodeManager.getInstance().getLog().log(event);
To record it. When overriding this class,
the constructor should take all the relevant data as parameters,
undoImpl should revert the action,
and redoImpl should do the action.


Love Island’s Wes Nelson trolls Molly-Mae Hague’s unseasoned chicken
Love Island star Wes Nelson has become the latest to mock Molly-Mae Hague’s unseasoned chicken dinner and it’s literally too hot to handle.
Molly, 20, became the butt of jokes earlier this month when she cooked boyfriend Tommy Fury a roast dinner with chicken that fans described as ‘bland’ due to the lack of seasoning.
Well, Wes found the perfect way to troll the couple’s unsavoury taste buds while showing off the spice rack in his new kitchen.
Advertisement Advertisement
In an Instagram story on Sunday, the former Dancing On Ice star joked: ‘Here is the kitchen set up at the moment, some nice little bits that we got today.
‘This in particular I imagine is Tommy and Molly’s worst nightmare,’ while swivelling the spice rack carousel around.
We’re guessing the lovebirds won’t be accepting an invitation for Sunday dinner at Wes’ place.
After the Molly’s dinner became meme of the week, Tommy defended his leading lady and explained: ‘Can I just say that the meal @mollymaehague made for me was a fighters meal clean cut food I don’t like seasoning or any of that btw.
‘It was the most caring thing anyone has ever done for me so thanks for the meal babe I love you come on guys where’s the love [sic].’
Wes, 21, gave fans a brief tour of the new apartment he has just moved into with girlfriend Arabella Chi, who coincidentally appeared in the same Love Island series with Tommy and Molly this summer.
Celebrating the new chapter in their relationship, Arabella wrote on Instagram: ‘Packing completed. 8 years in this flat.
‘Some good memories, some bad but beyond excited for this new chapter in our new home @wes.nelson.’
The model later added: ‘We are in baby.’
It makes sense that Wes and Arabella move into the same apartment as he admitted he had pretty much moved into her flat soon after they began dating in August.
Advertisement Advertisement
‘I haven’t left Arabella’s at since the first time I stayed over right at the start of our romance. There was never a set moment when we decided I’d move in, it just happened,’ he told OK! Magazine.
‘We’ve just got our own place together now but it doesn’t feel like a big jump as it’s what we’re already used to.’
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


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The 34th uniform polyhedron is the Snub dodecahedron; it has Wythoff symbol | 2 3 5. Its dual is the pentagonal hexecontahedron. The pattern of polygons round each vertex is (3,3,3,3,5); its symmetry group is the icosahedral group A5.
It has:
2
1
60
150
92 ( 12 pentagons and 80 triangles ).


About Me
Stephen Jude
I am software developer based in Onitsha Anambra State. I develop web and desktop applications. I am also a UI and UX design lover.
I believe that people with passion will make a difference
I am software developer based in Onitsha Anambra State. I develop web and desktop applications. I am also a UI and UX design lover.
I believe that people with passion will make a difference


2020
December, 2020
The Idea of Perfection
Kate Grenville
November, 2020
The Lying Life of Adults
Elena Ferrante
October, 2020
The Vanishing Half
Brit Bennett
September, 2020
Afterife
Julia Alvarez
August, 2020
The Book of Longings
Sue Monk Kidd
July, 2020
Between the World and Me
Ta-Nehisi Coates
June, 2020
Simon the Fiddler
Paulette Jiles
May, 2020
Basket Case
Carl Hiaasen
April, 2020
American Dirt
Jeanine Cummins
March, 2020
Becoming
Michelle Obama
February, 2020
The Only Woman in the Room
Marie Benedict
January, 2020
The Dutch House
Ann Patchett


Mexico Congress backs constitutional change to allow presidential recall vote
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) - Mexico’s Congress approved a raft of constitutional changes on Tuesday that include permitting the right to a recall vote on the president, overriding opposition concerns it may open the door to allowing re-election of the country’s leader.
President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador has pressed for the recall provision, arguing it should serve as a democratic check on his record. The president’s term is limited to six years and he has said several times he will not seek to change that.The opposition argued he wanted a recall vote to put himself onto an electoral ticket again midway through his term. To avoid that, the Senate agreed last month that any recall vote must be held after the legislative elections in 2021.
Concluding the approval process, the lower house of Congress voted by 372-75 to endorse the constitutional changes, which also establish the rules for conducting referendums on issues of public interest.
Under the changes, the recall vote would be organized by the national electoral institute, provided it had the support of at least 3% of voters on the Mexican electoral register.
To become law, the measures must still be approved by a majority of state legislatures. The president’s ruling party controls a majority of Mexico’s state congresses.


{% extends "admin/change_list.html" %}
{% comment %}This is a dummy fix for the mptt template trying to load the deprecated adminmedia tag, invalid for django >= 1.5
Since djangocms 2.4.3 is blocked on mptt 0.5.2 only, we can't use mptt 0.5.5 that contain this fix.
So we are doing it here as an override..{% endcomment %}
{% load admin_list i18n mptt_admin %}
{% block result_list %}
{% if action_form and actions_on_top and cl.full_result_count %}{% admin_actions %}{% endif %}
{% mptt_result_list cl %}
{% if action_form and actions_on_bottom and cl.full_result_count %}{% admin_actions %}{% endif %}
{% endblock %}


Hey, my name is Adrish Mitra but I'm known on the internet as Dark Byte. That's where Dark Byte Productions comes from. I have a very strong curiosity, it is one of my greatest strengths. This curiosity of mine is the very reason I am on my computer hours on end figuring out how things are made, movies for example. At age 12, when I discovered Windows Movie Maker, everything changed. I have been messing around, making short movies and presentations, many of which shouldn't be on the internet haha. But the time spend there gave me so much experience in not only editing videos, but understanding basic concept of good design and and aesthetics. I would say I am a natural when it comes to modern design. With this knowledge and experience, I finally decided to pursue Freelance Video Editing in 2020 thanks to the pandemic.


by Kiwi on 11 Feb 2018
That's great! We are very active on IRC and our discourse discussion platform. Check out our contributors' page, and drop us a post, or say 'Hi' to us over IRC!


Netflix adapts Dolly Parton songs into a genre-bending cinematic universe
Follow Polygon online:
by Petrana RadulovicDolly Parton’s Heartstrings dives into stories inspired by the country superstar’s iconic music, spinning a cinematic universe for Dolly Stans. Forget the MCU; bring on the DPCU!
The anthology series will explore eight stories across eight Dolly songs, including “Two Doors Down,” “JJ Sneed,” and of course “Jolene.” The trailer gives us a sneak peek at the full gamut of stories: a World War II-era romance, a Wild West adventure, a courtroom drama, what will probably be a weepy dog movie — and that’s just scratching the surface of the sheer emotional rollercoaster that Heartstrings will undoubtedly wring us through.
This isn’t the first Dolly Parton-focused Netflix original. Last December, Netflix released Dumplin’, a romantic comedy about a plus-size, teenage daughter of a former beauty queen who loves Dolly Parton and enters her town’s annual beauty pageant.
Heartstrings comes out on Netflix on Nov. 22. Till then, we’ll be playing our Best of Dolly Parton playlist on repeat, dreamin’ of days spent in Dollywood, and plotting the next part of the DPCU.


4.2 The landing page - Reference Documentation
Authors:
Version: 0.3.2
4.2 The landing page
A browsergame starts with a landing page, where the visitor gets a first impression on what the site is all about.The landing page is mostly static. It can be found in grails-app/views/portal/landing.gspIt contains the following parts:- The links to the login and registration pages
- The optional Facebook like button
- A language chooser (currently supported: French and English)
- Some information about Little Goblin
- grails-app/views/portal/landing.gsp
- grails-app/views/layouts/main.gsp
- web-app/css/main.css
facebook { // this enables Facebook-JavaScript snippets on your landing page: enabled=true // show the like button: enableLikeButton = true // if set to true, allow login via Facebook - not implemented yet. enableFacebookLogin = false // your server's URL and Facebook appId myUrl = 'http://schedim.de/' appId = '217240194988212' }


{{ message }}
your reservation at {{ group.date }}
team: {{ group.reservedAs }}
room: {{ group.roomNumber }}
Check In
Check Out
Delete
Alert


AFFLICTION (1998) **** (out of five stars) A review by Jamey Hughton
Starring-Nick Nolte, Sissy Spacek, James Coburn, Willem Dafoe, Mary Beth Hurt and Jim True Director-Paul Schrader Rated 14A Lions Gate
MOVIE VIEWS by Jamey Hughton http://Welcome.to/MovieViews
Affliction is a riveting piece of entertainment on all respective levels. The acting is extraordinary, the story is captivating and the atmosphere is chilling and effective. While there are numerous sub-plots about family confrontations and small-town murder, Affliction is really only about one man who is being pushed over the edge.
That man is Wade Whitehouse (Nick Nolte), a small-town sheriff and divorced father, who is living a complicated and frustrating life in the snow covered surroundings of New Hampshire. The first half of the story rotates largely around Wade's best friend Jack Hewitt (Jim True), who accompanies a business man on a hunting expedition only to witness him shoot himself. While Jack stresses it was just a freak hunting accident, Wade thinks there is something more to it. And so he uncovers a possible conspiracy involving his boss (Holmes Osborne), and the victim's son-in-law.
But Affliction is, by no means, a murder mystery. The real emotional charge comes care of Wade's relationship with his drunken, abusive father (marvelously played by James Coburn). Director Paul Schrader (veteran scribe of such films as Raging Bull and Taxi Driver) uses flashbacks to introduce us to the Whitehouse family problems, and this approach is incredibly effective, especially on the basis of visual presentation. Schrader presents the footage in a fuzzy, worn appearance, much like an old home video filmed with the picture out of focus. Some people may find this tedious, but the effect is profoundly striking.
Affliction turns into Wade's incomparable struggle to come to grips with everything in his life. He's fighting a custody battle with his ex-wife (Mary Beth Hurt) for his daughter he cares for but can't rightfully support, the appearance of his father puts an awkwardness on his current relationship with local waitress Maggie Fogg (Sissy Spacek), and on top of it all he has an incredible toothache. Wade Whitehouse is a troubled human being living a turbulent life, and some may find it difficult to watch as it spirals out of control.
The standout reason to see Affliction is the incredible performances. While Coburn's performance is phenomenal and downright chilling, it's Nolte who owns the screen. This is the breakout performances of the actor's career, and he leaves no margin for error in his portrayal of the troubled sheriff. His performance is commanding and immensely powerful. I also found much to like in the performance of Willem Dafoe as Wade's younger, more civilized brother. Dafoe's presentation is initially limp, but we come to relate to his quiet and dignified character. Schrader uses Dafoe as a voice-over narrative in sporadic instances, but doesn't go overboard. The director knows his actors are competent enough to set the point across themselves, and rarely relies on this familiar narration approach.
Nick Nolte has taken to his role as Wade Whitehouse like a bull by the horns, and the riveting outcome of the movie is directly because of his amazing performance. While James Coburn won an Oscar for his role (and rightfully so), Affliction should always be remembered as Nolte's movie. For the first time in years, the actor's fierce aggression on screen does not seem forced, not even marginally. His character is so overwrought with paranoia, family issues and business problems and Nolte's delivery seems completely and utterly perfect. While the ending of Affliction is rather simplistic, it creates a shocking final effect that hits right at home in the heart of the viewers, like a single brick landing with a resounding ‘thud' at your feet. The snowy November weather only assists as Affliction, a startling character drama with a superb cast, succeeds in stopping your blood cold.
(C) 1999, Jamey Hughton
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MOVIE VIEWS by Jamey Hughton http://Welcome.to/MovieViews <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Contact Jamey at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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Grids / Export to JSON
This example presents how to export the data of TreeGrid to a JSON formatted string. You can export the data either as a flat list or a tree hierarchy, using only fields that you want to have exported.
In our example, although each column has also a 'footerText' field set, only the 'headerText' will be exported. As for rows, only their 'id', 'pid', text' and 'cells' fields will be exported. You can filter which fields you want to include in the final output in your code. The final result is shown in console window.
To export data, the following method is used:
- exportToJSON(name, columnFields, rowFields, flat, spacing) - exports the content of TreeGrid to a JSON formatted string
For more information check out the source code of this sample.
You can use exported data to populate the TreeGrid on demand from local or remote data source, by simply providing it as parameter to the loadData method.


text
more text
Show busy top container
text
more text
Show busy bottom container
Fire global show event in local YUI container
Fire local show event in local YUI container
Show default container
|
Hide busy
Fire global show event in other YUI container


|
Order ID:
|
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Order created:<date and time>
|
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Exchange amount:
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Exchange rate:
|
|
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Did you receive the payment?
|
|
Check your bank account or e-wallet to confirm you have received the payment, then go to DP2P to complete the order.
|
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Important: You must complete the order within 2 hours from when the order was created (date, time). Failure to do so will affect your completion rate stats.
|
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Go to DP2P now
|
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If the button doesn’t work, copy this link into your browser:
|
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http://www.samplelinkhere.com
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What if I haven’t received payment? Please contact <buyer nickname>via the DP2P chat channel to settle the order.
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City Weather card
Pulling from OpenWeather API. Vanilla javascript only.
Based on
Vanilla SPA
demo by
Rajendran Nadar


Uses of Class
org.apache.qpid.protonj2.types.transport.Flow
-
-
Uses of Flow in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.decoders.transport
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.decoders.transport that return Flow Modifier and Type Method Description Flow[]
FlowTypeDecoder. readArrayElements(java.io.InputStream stream, StreamDecoderState state, int count)
Flow[]
FlowTypeDecoder. readArrayElements(ProtonBuffer buffer, DecoderState state, int count)
Flow
FlowTypeDecoder. readValue(java.io.InputStream stream, StreamDecoderState state)
Flow
FlowTypeDecoder. readValue(ProtonBuffer buffer, DecoderState state)
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.decoders.transport that return types with arguments of type Flow Modifier and Type Method Description java.lang.Class<Flow>
FlowTypeDecoder. getTypeClass()
-
Uses of Flow in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.encoders.transport
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.encoders.transport that return types with arguments of type Flow Modifier and Type Method Description java.lang.Class<Flow>
FlowTypeEncoder. getTypeClass()
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.codec.encoders.transport with parameters of type Flow Modifier and Type Method Description int
FlowTypeEncoder. getElementCount(Flow flow)
byte
FlowTypeEncoder. getListEncoding(Flow value)
void
FlowTypeEncoder. writeElement(Flow flow, int index, ProtonBuffer buffer, EncoderState state)
-
Uses of Flow in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.engine.impl
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.engine.impl with parameters of type Flow Modifier and Type Method Description protected abstract L
ProtonLink. decorateOutgoingFlow(Flow flow)
protected ProtonReceiver
ProtonReceiver. decorateOutgoingFlow(Flow flow)
protected ProtonSender
ProtonSender. decorateOutgoingFlow(Flow flow)
void
ProtonConnection. handleFlow(Flow flow, ProtonBuffer payload, int channel, ProtonEngine context)
void
ProtonPerformativeHandler. handleFlow(Flow flow, ProtonBuffer payload, int channel, EngineHandlerContext context)
protected abstract L
ProtonLink. handleRemoteFlow(Flow flow)
protected ProtonReceiver
ProtonReceiver. handleRemoteFlow(Flow flow)
protected ProtonSender
ProtonSender. handleRemoteFlow(Flow flow)
-
Uses of Flow in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.types.transport
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.types.transport that return Flow Modifier and Type Method Description Flow
Flow. clearAvailable()
Flow
Flow. clearDeliveryCount()
Flow
Flow. clearDrain()
Flow
Flow. clearEcho()
Flow
Flow. clearHandle()
Flow
Flow. clearIncomingWindow()
Flow
Flow. clearLinkCredit()
Flow
Flow. clearNextIncomingId()
Flow
Flow. clearNextOutgoingId()
Flow
Flow. clearOutgoingWindow()
Flow
Flow. clearProperties()
Flow
Flow. copy()
Flow
Flow. reset()
Flow
Flow. setAvailable(int available)
Flow
Flow. setAvailable(long available)
Flow
Flow. setDeliveryCount(int deliveryCount)
Flow
Flow. setDeliveryCount(long deliveryCount)
Flow
Flow. setDrain(boolean drain)
Flow
Flow. setEcho(boolean echo)
Flow
Flow. setHandle(int handle)
Flow
Flow. setHandle(long handle)
Flow
Flow. setIncomingWindow(int incomingWindow)
Flow
Flow. setIncomingWindow(long incomingWindow)
Flow
Flow. setLinkCredit(int linkCredit)
Flow
Flow. setLinkCredit(long linkCredit)
Flow
Flow. setNextIncomingId(int nextIncomingId)
Flow
Flow. setNextIncomingId(long nextIncomingId)
Flow
Flow. setNextOutgoingId(int nextOutgoingId)
Flow
Flow. setNextOutgoingId(long nextOutgoingId)
Flow
Flow. setOutgoingWindow(int outgoingWindow)
Flow
Flow. setOutgoingWindow(long outgoingWindow)
Flow
Flow. setProperties(java.util.Map<Symbol,java.lang.Object> properties)
Methods in org.apache.qpid.protonj2.types.transport with parameters of type Flow Modifier and Type Method Description default void
Performative.PerformativeHandler. handleFlow(Flow flow, ProtonBuffer payload, int channel, E context)
-


Summary & Submission
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I decided to create this after wondering whether a group of particles who all mutally repel each other would eventually arrange themselves into a pattern such that the mutual repulsion stops any of them moving.
I created this C# form app as just a quick test of this idea. It consists of a cirlce and 100 particles initially inside the circle All the particles experience a repulsive force from the other particles and from the circle walls in accordance with an inverse square law. The result can be seen in this video.
As you can quite clearly see in the video the particles don't arrange themselves into a nice neat pattern as I had first thought. Though this had me wondering about what happens at longer time scales than the 2 minute clip. Since fast moving particles leave the circle overcoming its repulsion, does the number of particles in the circle at least tend to a value where some sort of equilibrium is reached?
Running the simulation over many iterations I ended up with the following graph for number of particles remaining against time.
As you can see the number of particles does indeed tend to a minimum value over time. But then what about the average speed of the particles? It makes sense to be fast at the start when there is a lot of chaotic motion but then does it too tend to a minimum speed over time?
Running the simulation over many cycles again, I get the following result for the average speed of the particles over time.
Again the speed does seem to stabalise over time, however the drop is not as significant as the drop in the population of particles. It also seems to converge on the minimum value quite quickly providing further proof that the system won't ever converge on the stable pattern I had first imagined.
Though thinking about it now, it does make sense since a system where the particles are all mutually repelling and keeping each other stationary is going to be very unstable so it could never get into that state in the first place. The drop in speed could be thought about in terms of energy since the particles start off with potential energy from being in the repulsive fields which is then converted into kinetic energy. As the fast particles leave the overall energy of the system decreases accounting for that drop in speed. As the particle number levels off so does the average speed. In fact the particle number can be said to decrease from approximately 100 to around 25, a factor of 1/4. The speed drops from around 2 to 1, a factor of 1/2. Since kinetic energy is proportional to veloctiy squared this makes sense since a drop in speed of 1/2 will mean 1/4 less energy and if we assume each particle contributes the same energy to the total energy of the system this accounts for the 1/4 drop in particle number.
One final thing I wondered about was whether the distribution of particles within the cirlce is uniform or do particles tend to spend more time in some sections of the circle? To test this out I had the app create an image of all the particle paths meaning darker areas would represent areas where particles spent more time. I ended up with the following two images, one over a longer period of time.


savings-transaction works!
| Post Date | Description | Type | Status | Amount | Available Balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{savingsTransaction.date | date: 'MM/dd/yyyy'}} | {{savingsTransaction.description}} | {{savingsTransaction.type}} | {{savingsTransaction.status}} | {{savingsTransaction.amount}} | {{savingsTransaction.availableBalance}} |


--- layout: post title: Rendering empty responses post_id: 97 categories: - tips & tricks date: 2007-03-05 11:41:00.000000000 -07:00 author: Jamis permalink: 2007/3/5/rendering-empty-responses.html ---
Sometimes (and especially once you start dealing with writing web services) you’ll find yourself wanting to return an empty response, with only a status code and (possibly) a few headers set.
You can do this easily enough using the render
method:
1 2 |
headers['Location'] = person_url(@person) render :nothing => true, :status => "201 Created" |
That, however, is unbearably verbose, especially when you find yourself needing to do it in multiple places.
Enter the head
method:
1 |
head :created, :location => person_url(@person) |
There, isn’t that beautiful?


?01500501
6
7
8
9
10
The
New
York
copyright
reserved
botanical
Garden
PLANTS
OF
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
'Oey^Lr¡/Qa^yla-X
Occni.
'À-P/asn.cA.
.
clizt-
¥
7^.
2-
ÀLnov^t
t
9
/
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC:
Prov.
Pedernales:
26
km
N
of
Cabo
Rojo.
18¡06'N,
71¡38'W.
Alt.
730
m.
Mesic
forest.
Tree
8
m
tall;
flowers
light
green.
Sue
A.
Thompson
7563
John
E.
Rawlins
and
Chen
Young
HERBARIUM,
CARNEGIE
MUSEUM
(CM),
PITTSBURGH.
PA
27
July
1990
BOTANICAL
QARDet*
01500501
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high