October 2008 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - Research commissioned by Ipsos.
Zorro is an Argentine brand with products leading the laundry process.
Main goal was to gain insights about how stay-at-home mothers approach and execute their laundry process. The secondary goal included an understanding of the emotional aspects involved in identifying clean and dirty clothing.
We requested the client previous qualitative and quantitative reports to review the existing information. I worked together with another anthropologist to conduct in-home interviews and observe women practicing their laundry process. We interviewed, observed and video-recorded four women. We reached out during the study to ascertain the representations and significations associated with laundry, clothing cleanliness, psychological impacts, relational connections. We delivered a detailed presentation as well as eight video summaries of the video-recorded interviews and investigations. We curated the video content to bring out the most valuable insights.
Copyright Clara Gonzalez Sueyro 2014


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| Wow |
— |
Correct approach,
no errors, went beyond requirements for solution, unusually clever or
thoughtful approach. |
| Good |
— |
Correct approach,
no errors. |
| Fair |
— |
Correct approach,
minor errors OR immediately recognized errors and corrected on the fly. |
| Poor |
— |
Correct approach,
major errors OR recognized errors with assistance, struggled to correct but
managed. |
| Ouch |
— |
Incorrect
approach, major errors, had trouble recognizing errors even with assistance,
struggled to correct. |
| Wow |
— |
Lively exchange, new insights brought up, new questions raised, implications taken to a new level. Prof doesn't have to say anything. |
| Good |
— |
Fairly lively exchange, conventional insights brought up, typical questions raised, standard implications discussed. Prof needs to bring up a minor point or two. |
| Fair |
— |
Some questions asked or some insights mentioned, minor discussion of implications. Prof has to get discussion started. |
| Poor |
— |
One or two minor question asked. Prof leads but class doesn't follow. |
| Ouch |
— |
No questions asked, no discussion. Prof wonders when the next school break is. |
| Wow |
— |
Spoke clearly and distinctly, didn't struggle for explanation, easy to understand, had and used valuable additional visual or presentation aids, answered questions facilely. |
| Good |
— |
Spoke clearly and distinctly, didn't struggle for explanation, relatively easy to understand. |
| Fair |
— |
Not always clear or distinct in speech, minor struggles for explanation, a little difficult to follow, struggled with questions. |
| Poor |
— |
Hard to hear or understand, major struggles to explain, difficult to follow, struggled with questions. |
| Ouch |
— |
Hard to hear or understand, incoherent explanation, confusing, totally ineffective with questions. |


One-legged senior citizen shot dead on North Street, 28 spent shells found
Morning commute along North Street in Kingston was interrupted this morning as police investigators cordoned off the road to probe the murder of a one-legged man, said to be in his 70s.
A relative identified the man as Delroy Nathan.
The police recovered 28 spent shells from the scene.
An eyewitness said around 8:30 a.m., a man got out of a black Nissan Note at the intersection of North and King streets
The eyewitness said the car then proceeded further up North Street where a second man got out.
Both men then approached the senior citizen and opened fire, killing him on the spot.
A relative said, she could not identify why the senior citizen would have been killed.


public abstract class ForkJoinTask<V> extends Object implements Future<V>, Serializable
ForkJoinPool
.
A ForkJoinTask
is a thread-like entity that is much
lighter weight than a normal thread. Huge numbers of tasks and
subtasks may be hosted by a small number of actual threads in a
ForkJoinPool, at the price of some usage limitations.
A "main" ForkJoinTask
begins execution when it is
explicitly submitted to a ForkJoinPool
, or, if not already
engaged in a ForkJoin computation, commenced in the ForkJoinPool.commonPool()
via fork()
, invoke()
, or
related methods. Once started, it will usually in turn start other
subtasks. As indicated by the name of this class, many programs
using ForkJoinTask
employ only methods fork()
and
join()
, or derivatives such as invokeAll
. However, this class also
provides a number of other methods that can come into play in
advanced usages, as well as extension mechanics that allow support
of new forms of fork/join processing.
A ForkJoinTask
is a lightweight form of Future
.
The efficiency of ForkJoinTask
s stems from a set of
restrictions (that are only partially statically enforceable)
reflecting their main use as computational tasks calculating pure
functions or operating on purely isolated objects. The primary
coordination mechanisms are fork()
, that arranges
asynchronous execution, and join()
, that doesn't proceed
until the task's result has been computed. Computations should
ideally avoid synchronized
methods or blocks, and should
minimize other blocking synchronization apart from joining other
tasks or using synchronizers such as Phasers that are advertised to
cooperate with fork/join scheduling. Subdividable tasks should also
not perform blocking I/O, and should ideally access variables that
are completely independent of those accessed by other running
tasks. These guidelines are loosely enforced by not permitting
checked exceptions such as IOExceptions
to be
thrown. However, computations may still encounter unchecked
exceptions, that are rethrown to callers attempting to join
them. These exceptions may additionally include RejectedExecutionException
stemming from internal resource
exhaustion, such as failure to allocate internal task
queues. Rethrown exceptions behave in the same way as regular
exceptions, but, when possible, contain stack traces (as displayed
for example using ex.printStackTrace()
) of both the thread
that initiated the computation as well as the thread actually
encountering the exception; minimally only the latter.
It is possible to define and use ForkJoinTasks that may block,
but doing do requires three further considerations: (1) Completion
of few if any other tasks should be dependent on a task
that blocks on external synchronization or I/O. Event-style async
tasks that are never joined (for example, those subclassing CountedCompleter
) often fall into this category. (2) To minimize
resource impact, tasks should be small; ideally performing only the
(possibly) blocking action. (3) Unless the ForkJoinPool.ManagedBlocker
API is used, or the number of possibly
blocked tasks is known to be less than the pool's ForkJoinPool.getParallelism()
level, the pool cannot guarantee that
enough threads will be available to ensure progress or good
performance.
The primary method for awaiting completion and extracting
results of a task is join()
, but there are several variants:
The Future.get()
methods support interruptible and/or timed
waits for completion and report results using Future
conventions. Method invoke()
is semantically
equivalent to fork(); join()
but always attempts to begin
execution in the current thread. The "quiet" forms of
these methods do not extract results or report exceptions. These
may be useful when a set of tasks are being executed, and you need
to delay processing of results or exceptions until all complete.
Method invokeAll
(available in multiple versions)
performs the most common form of parallel invocation: forking a set
of tasks and joining them all.
In the most typical usages, a fork-join pair act like a call
(fork) and return (join) from a parallel recursive function. As is
the case with other forms of recursive calls, returns (joins)
should be performed innermost-first. For example, a.fork();
b.fork(); b.join(); a.join();
is likely to be substantially more
efficient than joining a
before b
.
The execution status of tasks may be queried at several levels
of detail: isDone()
is true if a task completed in any way
(including the case where a task was cancelled without executing);
isCompletedNormally()
is true if a task completed without
cancellation or encountering an exception; isCancelled()
is
true if the task was cancelled (in which case getException()
returns a CancellationException
); and
isCompletedAbnormally()
is true if a task was either
cancelled or encountered an exception, in which case getException()
will return either the encountered exception or
CancellationException
.
The ForkJoinTask class is not usually directly subclassed.
Instead, you subclass one of the abstract classes that support a
particular style of fork/join processing, typically RecursiveAction
for most computations that do not return results,
RecursiveTask
for those that do, and CountedCompleter
for those in which completed actions trigger
other actions. Normally, a concrete ForkJoinTask subclass declares
fields comprising its parameters, established in a constructor, and
then defines a compute
method that somehow uses the control
methods supplied by this base class.
Method join()
and its variants are appropriate for use
only when completion dependencies are acyclic; that is, the
parallel computation can be described as a directed acyclic graph
(DAG). Otherwise, executions may encounter a form of deadlock as
tasks cyclically wait for each other. However, this framework
supports other methods and techniques (for example the use of
Phaser
, helpQuiesce()
, and complete(V)
) that
may be of use in constructing custom subclasses for problems that
are not statically structured as DAGs. To support such usages, a
ForkJoinTask may be atomically tagged with a short
value using setForkJoinTaskTag(short)
or compareAndSetForkJoinTaskTag(short, short)
and checked using getForkJoinTaskTag()
. The ForkJoinTask implementation does not use
these protected
methods or tags for any purpose, but they
may be of use in the construction of specialized subclasses. For
example, parallel graph traversals can use the supplied methods to
avoid revisiting nodes/tasks that have already been processed.
(Method names for tagging are bulky in part to encourage definition
of methods that reflect their usage patterns.)
Most base support methods are final
, to prevent
overriding of implementations that are intrinsically tied to the
underlying lightweight task scheduling framework. Developers
creating new basic styles of fork/join processing should minimally
implement protected
methods exec()
, setRawResult(V)
, and getRawResult()
, while also introducing
an abstract computational method that can be implemented in its
subclasses, possibly relying on other protected
methods
provided by this class.
ForkJoinTasks should perform relatively small amounts of computation. Large tasks should be split into smaller subtasks, usually via recursive decomposition. As a very rough rule of thumb, a task should perform more than 100 and less than 10000 basic computational steps, and should avoid indefinite looping. If tasks are too big, then parallelism cannot improve throughput. If too small, then memory and internal task maintenance overhead may overwhelm processing.
This class provides adapt
methods for Runnable
and Callable
, that may be of use when mixing execution of
ForkJoinTasks
with other kinds of tasks. When all tasks are
of this form, consider using a pool constructed in asyncMode.
ForkJoinTasks are Serializable
, which enables them to be
used in extensions such as remote execution frameworks. It is
sensible to serialize tasks only before or after, but not during,
execution. Serialization is not relied on during execution itself.
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ForkJoinTask() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> |
adapt(Callable<? extends T> callable)
Returns a new
ForkJoinTask that performs the call
method of the given Callable as its action, and returns
its result upon join() , translating any checked exceptions
encountered into RuntimeException . |
static ForkJoinTask<?> |
adapt(Runnable runnable)
Returns a new
ForkJoinTask that performs the run
method of the given Runnable as its action, and returns
a null result upon join() . |
static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> |
adapt(Runnable runnable,
T result)
Returns a new
ForkJoinTask that performs the run
method of the given Runnable as its action, and returns
the given result upon join() . |
boolean |
cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)
Attempts to cancel execution of this task.
|
boolean |
compareAndSetForkJoinTaskTag(short e,
short tag)
Atomically conditionally sets the tag value for this task.
|
void |
complete(V value)
Completes this task, and if not already aborted or cancelled,
returning the given value as the result of subsequent
invocations of
join and related operations. |
void |
completeExceptionally(Throwable ex)
Completes this task abnormally, and if not already aborted or
cancelled, causes it to throw the given exception upon
join and related operations. |
protected abstract boolean |
exec()
Immediately performs the base action of this task and returns
true if, upon return from this method, this task is guaranteed
to have completed normally.
|
ForkJoinTask<V> |
fork()
Arranges to asynchronously execute this task in the pool the
current task is running in, if applicable, or using the
ForkJoinPool.commonPool() if not inForkJoinPool() . |
V |
get()
Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
retrieves its result.
|
V |
get(long timeout,
TimeUnit unit)
Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
|
Throwable |
getException()
Returns the exception thrown by the base computation, or a
CancellationException if cancelled, or null if
none or if the method has not yet completed. |
short |
getForkJoinTaskTag()
Returns the tag for this task.
|
static ForkJoinPool |
getPool()
Returns the pool hosting the current task execution, or null
if this task is executing outside of any ForkJoinPool.
|
static int |
getQueuedTaskCount()
Returns an estimate of the number of tasks that have been
forked by the current worker thread but not yet executed.
|
abstract V |
getRawResult()
Returns the result that would be returned by
join() , even
if this task completed abnormally, or null if this task
is not known to have been completed. |
static int |
getSurplusQueuedTaskCount()
Returns an estimate of how many more locally queued tasks are
held by the current worker thread than there are other worker
threads that might steal them, or zero if this thread is not
operating in a ForkJoinPool.
|
static void |
helpQuiesce()
Possibly executes tasks until the pool hosting the current task
is quiescent . |
static boolean |
inForkJoinPool()
Returns
true if the current thread is a ForkJoinWorkerThread executing as a ForkJoinPool computation. |
V |
invoke()
Commences performing this task, awaits its completion if
necessary, and returns its result, or throws an (unchecked)
RuntimeException or Error if the underlying
computation did so. |
static <T extends ForkJoinTask<?>> |
invokeAll(Collection<T> tasks)
Forks all tasks in the specified collection, returning when
isDone holds for each task or an (unchecked) exception
is encountered, in which case the exception is rethrown. |
static void |
invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>... tasks)
Forks the given tasks, returning when
isDone holds for
each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
case the exception is rethrown. |
static void |
invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?> t1,
ForkJoinTask<?> t2)
Forks the given tasks, returning when
isDone holds for
each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
case the exception is rethrown. |
boolean |
isCancelled()
Returns
true if this task was cancelled before it completed
normally. |
boolean |
isCompletedAbnormally()
Returns
true if this task threw an exception or was cancelled. |
boolean |
isCompletedNormally()
Returns
true if this task completed without throwing an
exception and was not cancelled. |
boolean |
isDone()
Returns
true if this task completed. |
V |
join()
Returns the result of the computation when it
is
done . |
protected static ForkJoinTask<?> |
peekNextLocalTask()
Returns, but does not unschedule or execute, a task queued by
the current thread but not yet executed, if one is immediately
available.
|
protected static ForkJoinTask<?> |
pollNextLocalTask()
Unschedules and returns, without executing, the next task
queued by the current thread but not yet executed, if the
current thread is operating in a ForkJoinPool.
|
protected static ForkJoinTask<?> |
pollTask()
If the current thread is operating in a ForkJoinPool,
unschedules and returns, without executing, the next task
queued by the current thread but not yet executed, if one is
available, or if not available, a task that was forked by some
other thread, if available.
|
void |
quietlyComplete()
Completes this task normally without setting a value.
|
void |
quietlyInvoke()
Commences performing this task and awaits its completion if
necessary, without returning its result or throwing its
exception.
|
void |
quietlyJoin()
Joins this task, without returning its result or throwing its
exception.
|
void |
reinitialize()
Resets the internal bookkeeping state of this task, allowing a
subsequent
fork . |
short |
setForkJoinTaskTag(short tag)
Atomically sets the tag value for this task.
|
protected abstract void |
setRawResult(V value)
Forces the given value to be returned as a result.
|
boolean |
tryUnfork()
Tries to unschedule this task for execution.
|
public final ForkJoinTask<V> fork()
ForkJoinPool.commonPool()
if not inForkJoinPool()
. While
it is not necessarily enforced, it is a usage error to fork a
task more than once unless it has completed and been
reinitialized. Subsequent modifications to the state of this
task or any data it operates on are not necessarily
consistently observable by any thread other than the one
executing it unless preceded by a call to join()
or
related methods, or a call to isDone()
returning true
.this
, to simplify usagepublic final V join()
is
done
. This method differs from get()
in that
abnormal completion results in RuntimeException
or
Error
, not ExecutionException
, and that
interrupts of the calling thread do not cause the
method to abruptly return by throwing InterruptedException
.public final V invoke()
RuntimeException
or Error
if the underlying
computation did so.public static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?> t1, ForkJoinTask<?> t2)
isDone
holds for
each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
case the exception is rethrown. If more than one task
encounters an exception, then this method throws any one of
these exceptions. If any task encounters an exception, the
other may be cancelled. However, the execution status of
individual tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional return. The
status of each task may be obtained using getException()
and related methods to check if they have been
cancelled, completed normally or exceptionally, or left
unprocessed.t1
- the first taskt2
- the second taskNullPointerException
- if any task is nullpublic static void invokeAll(ForkJoinTask<?>... tasks)
isDone
holds for
each task or an (unchecked) exception is encountered, in which
case the exception is rethrown. If more than one task
encounters an exception, then this method throws any one of
these exceptions. If any task encounters an exception, others
may be cancelled. However, the execution status of individual
tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional return. The status of
each task may be obtained using getException()
and
related methods to check if they have been cancelled, completed
normally or exceptionally, or left unprocessed.tasks
- the tasksNullPointerException
- if any task is nullpublic static <T extends ForkJoinTask<?>> Collection<T> invokeAll(Collection<T> tasks)
isDone
holds for each task or an (unchecked) exception
is encountered, in which case the exception is rethrown. If
more than one task encounters an exception, then this method
throws any one of these exceptions. If any task encounters an
exception, others may be cancelled. However, the execution
status of individual tasks is not guaranteed upon exceptional
return. The status of each task may be obtained using getException()
and related methods to check if they have been
cancelled, completed normally or exceptionally, or left
unprocessed.T
- the type of the values returned from the taskstasks
- the collection of tasksNullPointerException
- if tasks or any element are nullpublic boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning)
cancel
is called, execution of
this task is suppressed. After this method returns
successfully, unless there is an intervening call to reinitialize()
, subsequent calls to isCancelled()
,
isDone()
, and cancel
will return true
and calls to join()
and related methods will result in
CancellationException
.
This method may be overridden in subclasses, but if so, must
still ensure that these properties hold. In particular, the
cancel
method itself must not throw exceptions.
This method is designed to be invoked by other
tasks. To terminate the current task, you can just return or
throw an unchecked exception from its computation method, or
invoke completeExceptionally(Throwable)
.
public final boolean isDone()
Future
true
if this task completed.
Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or
cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return
true
.public final boolean isCancelled()
Future
true
if this task was cancelled before it completed
normally.isCancelled
in interface Future<V>
true
if this task was cancelled before it completedpublic final boolean isCompletedAbnormally()
true
if this task threw an exception or was cancelled.true
if this task threw an exception or was cancelledpublic final boolean isCompletedNormally()
true
if this task completed without throwing an
exception and was not cancelled.true
if this task completed without throwing an
exception and was not cancelledpublic final Throwable getException()
CancellationException
if cancelled, or null
if
none or if the method has not yet completed.null
if nonepublic void completeExceptionally(Throwable ex)
join
and related operations. This method may be used
to induce exceptions in asynchronous tasks, or to force
completion of tasks that would not otherwise complete. Its use
in other situations is discouraged. This method is
overridable, but overridden versions must invoke super
implementation to maintain guarantees.ex
- the exception to throw. If this exception is not a
RuntimeException
or Error
, the actual exception
thrown will be a RuntimeException
with cause ex
.public void complete(V value)
join
and related operations. This method
may be used to provide results for asynchronous tasks, or to
provide alternative handling for tasks that would not otherwise
complete normally. Its use in other situations is
discouraged. This method is overridable, but overridden
versions must invoke super
implementation to maintain
guarantees.value
- the result value for this taskpublic final void quietlyComplete()
setRawResult(V)
(or null
by default) will be returned as the result of subsequent
invocations of join
and related operations.public final V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException
get
in interface Future<V>
CancellationException
- if the computation was cancelledExecutionException
- if the computation threw an
exceptionInterruptedException
- if the current thread is not a
member of a ForkJoinPool and was interrupted while waitingpublic final V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException
get
in interface Future<V>
timeout
- the maximum time to waitunit
- the time unit of the timeout argumentCancellationException
- if the computation was cancelledExecutionException
- if the computation threw an
exceptionInterruptedException
- if the current thread is not a
member of a ForkJoinPool and was interrupted while waitingTimeoutException
- if the wait timed outpublic final void quietlyJoin()
public final void quietlyInvoke()
public static void helpQuiesce()
is quiescent
. This method may
be of use in designs in which many tasks are forked, but none
are explicitly joined, instead executing them until all are
processed.public void reinitialize()
fork
. This method allows repeated reuse of
this task, but only if reuse occurs when this task has either
never been forked, or has been forked, then completed and all
outstanding joins of this task have also completed. Effects
under any other usage conditions are not guaranteed.
This method may be useful when executing
pre-constructed trees of subtasks in loops.
Upon completion of this method, isDone()
reports
false
, and getException()
reports null
. However, the value returned by getRawResult
is
unaffected. To clear this value, you can invoke setRawResult(null)
.
public static ForkJoinPool getPool()
null
if noneinForkJoinPool()
public static boolean inForkJoinPool()
true
if the current thread is a ForkJoinWorkerThread
executing as a ForkJoinPool computation.true
if the current thread is a ForkJoinWorkerThread
executing as a ForkJoinPool computation,
or false
otherwisepublic boolean tryUnfork()
true
if unforkedpublic static int getQueuedTaskCount()
public static int getSurplusQueuedTaskCount()
public abstract V getRawResult()
join()
, even
if this task completed abnormally, or null
if this task
is not known to have been completed. This method is designed
to aid debugging, as well as to support extensions. Its use in
any other context is discouraged.null
if not completedprotected abstract void setRawResult(V value)
value
- the valueprotected abstract boolean exec()
true
if this task is known to have completed normallyprotected static ForkJoinTask<?> peekNextLocalTask()
null
if none are availableprotected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollNextLocalTask()
null
if none are availableprotected static ForkJoinTask<?> pollTask()
null
result does not necessarily imply quiescence of
the pool this task is operating in. This method is designed
primarily to support extensions, and is unlikely to be useful
otherwise.null
if none are availablepublic final short getForkJoinTaskTag()
public final short setForkJoinTaskTag(short tag)
tag
- the tag valuepublic final boolean compareAndSetForkJoinTaskTag(short e, short tag)
if (task.compareAndSetForkJoinTaskTag((short)0, (short)1))
before processing, otherwise exiting because the node has
already been visited.e
- the expected tag valuetag
- the new tag valuetrue
if successful; i.e., the current value was
equal to e and is now tag.public static ForkJoinTask<?> adapt(Runnable runnable)
ForkJoinTask
that performs the run
method of the given Runnable
as its action, and returns
a null result upon join()
.runnable
- the runnable actionpublic static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Runnable runnable, T result)
ForkJoinTask
that performs the run
method of the given Runnable
as its action, and returns
the given result upon join()
.T
- the type of the resultrunnable
- the runnable actionresult
- the result upon completionpublic static <T> ForkJoinTask<T> adapt(Callable<? extends T> callable)
ForkJoinTask
that performs the call
method of the given Callable
as its action, and returns
its result upon join()
, translating any checked exceptions
encountered into RuntimeException
.T
- the type of the callable's resultcallable
- the callable actionDracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


Selenium is simply a tool used to automate web browsers. It is primarily used as an automated User Interface tester, but it can be used for any browser automation task you want! (For example, automatically entering into an daily online contest.) In this tutorial we will focus on using Selenium as a tool to automate UI testing for web applications.
It is important for all layers of an application to be tested, but unfortunately testing the UI is sometimes forgotten. With Selenium, UI testing can be easily automated in a repeatable way that is suitable for regression testing. Selenium is also easily customizable to all your testing needs because it can be used in multiple languages and testing platforms, and it can run in multiple browsers and operating systems. Supported languages include Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and Perl. Supported browsers include Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, Opera, iOS Driver, and Android Driver. Selenium should not be used, however, if the UI of a web application frequently changes or will change soon in the future. If the UI changes, all of the tests might have to change as well, which defeats the purpose of automating the tests.
Anyone who wants to automate their work in a browser can use Selenium! It is commonly used by quality assurance (QA) engineers or other similar application testers.
When you run a Selenium test, Selenium pulls up a browser window and triggers real events, such as clicking on a button, that could occur in your application. Therefore, many tests are written as a chain of events that would likely occur if a real user was using your application. The architecture is also quite simple. The Selenium test written in your specified language sits at the bottom, Selenium WebDriver runs on top of the test and below your specified web browser, and finally the web application sits at the top.
Selenium has multiple parts, all of which provide different advantages to you as a tester. For this tutorial we will only cover Selenium WebDriver. Selenium WebDriver allows you to create large suites of tests that can be automated and used for regression testing. It is described as a “collection of language specific bindings to drive a browser” by the official Selenium documentation, which just means that you can download Selenium for your preferred language to create test files that use Selenium capabilities. Selenium Remote Control is the ancestor of WebDriver, and is now officially deprecated. Selenium IDE is a lightweight version of WebDriver that allows a tester to write quick scripts for basic testing or for reproducing a bug. It is a simple Firefox add-on that records all interactions in the browser.
Selenium Webdriver has APIs available in Java, C#, PHP, Python, Perl, and Ruby. This tutorial will cover the Python version because it is easy to use, well documented, and powerful.
Browsers: Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, Edge
Python Versions: 2.7+ or 3.5+
Pip: Installation framework for Python (included by default in Python 3.6)
Run: pip install selenium
On the command line. This installs the Python bindings for the Selenium API.
Next, install the driver needed to interface with the browser of your choice. This table contains links to drivers, that were found at this site.
| Chrome Driver | Firefox Driver | Edge Driver |
Make sure that the binary that is downloaded and unzipped is located in your PATH (/usr/bin for Linux)
From here, we will run through an example Python script to demonstrate some of the capabilities of Selenium. At a high level, the example will navigate to IBM’s Wikipedia page in Firefox and perform some tests there. The full code can be seen below:
from selenium import webdriver # import Python libraries
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox() # open webdriver for Firefox
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # set max wait period for driver
driver.get("https://www.wikipedia.org") # navigate to Wikipedia
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("searchInput") # find the search box
elem.clear() # clear the search box
elem.send_keys("IBM") # input "IBM" into the search box
elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) # submit the search
# get all section title elements
title_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("mw-headline")
# all expected section titles specific to this article
expected_titles = ["History", "Headquarters and offices", "Products and services", "Research", "Brand and reputation", "People and culture", "Employees", "IBM alumni", "Board and shareholders"]
# checking that titles are what we expect
for title, expected_title in zip(title_list, expected_titles):
assert title.text == expected_title
driver.close() # close the webdriver
We will now go back and explain each section in more detail to understand what’s going on.
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
The first thing we need to do is create an instance of the WebDriver to use throughout our script and control the browser. As mentioned in the setup section, there are multiple different driver implementations corresponding to the many popular browsers.
In this section of our script, we use the Firefox driver, but the syntax is very similar for the alternatives. More details can be found here.
driver.get("https://www.wikipedia.org")
Once we have a driver, we must actually open the desired page in the browser. This can be done with the simple line above, which takes us to the Wikipedia homepage.
Selenium offers many commands to locate elements, each of which is a combination of two factors: what we use to locate elements and whether or not we want to get more than one.
We can search for elements on a page using the following attributes:
Looking at the first example of this in our code, we see that the method clearly uses an ID as the search query, which in this case is “searchInput”.
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("searchInput")
The next factor to locating elements is how many we would like to return. In the line of code above, we return a single element, which can be seen by the use of the singular “find element” in the method call. In this next line, we instead get a list of matching elements, this time searching by class name. Note the plural form of the method:
title_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("mw-headline")
It’s important to note that if a singular locator method is used but multiple elements on the page would be returned, the method will return the first match. More syntax details can be found here.
Once we have a reference to an element on a page, we most likely want to perform some actions with it. Let’s look at some cases of this in the example:
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("searchInput") # find the search box
elem.clear() # clear the search box
elem.send_keys("IBM") # input "IBM" into the search box
elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) # submit the search
The “elem” variable is a reference to the search box on the Wikipedia homepage.
We first clear the search box on the second line to prepare for our input. The last two lines are where we then apply our own input using the send_keys() method to interact with text boxes. We first straightforwardly enter the search query “IBM”, and then simulate pressing the enter key to submit the search using an enum in Selenium’s Keys class. After this line, the browser should be at IBM’s Wikipedia page.
At this point, we’re a little over halfway through the example code, shown again here for reference:
from selenium import webdriver # import Python libraries
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox() # open webdriver for Firefox
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # set max wait period for driver
driver.get("https://www.wikipedia.org") # navigate to Wikipedia
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("searchInput") # find the search box
elem.clear() # clear the search box
elem.send_keys("IBM") # input "IBM" into the search box
elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN) # submit the search
# get all section title elements
title_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("mw-headline")
# all expected section titles specific to this article
expected_titles = ["History", "Headquarters and offices", "Products and services", "Research", "Brand and reputation", "People and culture", "Employees", "IBM alumni", "Board and shareholders"]
# checking that titles are what we expect
for title, expected_title in zip(title_list, expected_titles):
assert title.text == expected_title
driver.close() # close the webdriver
We’ve explained that the line initializing title_list gets a list of all elements on a page with the class name “mw-headline”. In the context of our example, we are grabbing a list of all of the section titles on IBM’s Wikipedia page. We will now use those elements to do some testing.
For this example, we’ll perform a simple test to make sure that the section titles specific to this page are written properly. This code snippet is below.
# checking that titles are what we expect
for title, expected_title in zip(title_list, expected_titles):
assert title.text == expected_title
At the top, we create a list of our expected titles. The for loop then loops through the expected and actual lists simultaneously, asserting that the text is equal. If the code runs with no errors, the titles are correct!
It’s important to note a couple things about the assert statement. The first is that this is the built-in assert statement for Python. Selenium is often used for UI testing, but it does not come with testing methods, leaving the tester to incorporate any testing framework they desire. Second is that the text is extracted from the title elements by using the “.text” syntax. Other properties of web elements that can be extracted can be found here.
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
You may have noticed that we skipped over a lie of the full code example, shown above. This line implements a wait, which is an important concept in Selenium. In short, waits are used to allow elements on the page to load completely before we access them, so that no unexpected behavior occurs. Selenium has two types of waits: implicit and explicit.
Implicit waits are simpler to implement, and it’s what we use in the example. To use this, we set an implicit waiting time for the driver after instantiation using the implicitly_wait() method. The one argument is a number of seconds. For the life of the driver, or until this is overwritten, all actions performed on the page will wait up to the specified amount of time for the page to load. If the page takes too long to load, a timeout exception will be raised.
Explicit waits are slightly more complicated to implement, but they offer a bit more in terms of flexibility and allow us to wait only when we want to. To demonstrate, here is the first element locator of the full example rewritten to use an explicit wait, along with the new required imports:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
.
. # skipping intermediate code
.
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
title_list = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "searchInput")))
In this implementation, we specify a WebDriverWait object, which sets the maximum waiting time for the action to be performed. Inside the until clause, we put the expected condition (EC) that will break out of the waiting loop. There are multiple expected conditions defined by Selenium, which can be found here. The expected condition takes a locator as an argument, which in this case is a tuple equivalent to finding an element with the ID of “searchInput”.
More details about waits can be found here.
The use of waits come in very handy for many reasons, but one of these specifically is you can also use them to scrape dynamic web sites. If you just use a get on a dynamic website then read in the page source, a lot of the tags probably won't be loaded from javascript yet. In order to get around this, as mentioned above, you wait for an element to be present then grab it. This is a very easy and straightforward way as opposed to your other option which is trying to reverse engineer javascript code to figure out how it's loading the content.
Selenium can easily be used for unit testing web applications. The following python script executes three unit test cases for a web application that analyzes QR codes:
# Example Selenium test script for QR Scanner (https://webqr.com)
# The first two test cases should pass but the last should fail
from selenium import webdriver # import Python libraries
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import unittest
class UnitTestQRScanner(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() # open webdriver for Firefox
self.driver._is_remote = False # fix for bug in webdriver
self.driver.implicitly_wait(10) # set max wait period for driver
def test_QRScannerGoogle(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://webqr.com") # navigate to QR Code scanner
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("qrimg") # find upload button
elem.click() # click upload button
qr_img_directory_1 = r"C:\PATH\TO\qrgoogle.png" # set image upload directory
elem_upload = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[type='file']") # find qr upload
elem_upload.send_keys(qr_img_directory_1) # send image to upload section
expected_response = "https://google.com/"
response = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='result']//b") # get the response address
self.assertTrue(response.text == expected_response) # assert
def test_QRScannerLinkedIn(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://webqr.com") # navigate to QR Code scanner
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("qrimg") # find upload button
elem.click() # click upload button
qr_img_directory_1 = r"C:\PATH\TO\qrlinkedin.png" # set image upload directory
elem_upload = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[type='file']") # find qr upload
elem_upload.send_keys(qr_img_directory_1) # send image to upload section
expected_response = "https://linkedin.com/feed"
response = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='result']//b") # get the response address
self.assertEqual(response.text, expected_response) # assert
def test_QRScannerHuffingtonPost(self): # THIS TEST CASE SHOULD FAIL
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://webqr.com") # navigate to QR Code scanner
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("qrimg") # find upload button
elem.click() # click upload button
qr_img_directory_1 = r"C:\PATH\TO\qrnewyorktimes.png" # set image upload directory
elem_upload = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[type='file']") # find qr upload
elem_upload.send_keys(qr_img_directory_1) # send image to upload section
expected_response = "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/"
response = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='result']//b") # get the response address
self.assertEqual(response.text, expected_response) # assert
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main() # start testing QR scanner
This script subclasses unittest.TestCase which keeps track of the results of the three test cases. Subclassing TestCase allows each test case to be run independently so that if any errors occur, the execution of other cases will be unaffected. TestCase does this by calling setUp() and tearDown() for each case. Also, TestCase provides thorough documentation for test cases that fail.
The first two test cases in this script test that the QR Scanner web application properly scans the QR codes and outputs the proper web address for each. The last test case for Huffington Post will return false because it has been provided a QR code for the New York Times. The output can be seen here:
You can imagine all of the different scenarios where Selenium would be useful to test your UI. You may have a Web Application with a login and registration page and want to make sure users can successfully create accounts and login to them. Maybe you want to test access to specific areas of a web page where a non premium user tries to access a section that is only available to premium users. Another use could be to test different form inputs to make sure validation is working correctly. Have Selenium give the form invalid text, then make sure it returns the same form back to you thus ensuring form validation is working correctly. Selenium can be used for a number of use cases and these are just a fraction of what can be automated.


Callaway's Seafood
web
Website
restaurant_menu
Menu
favorite_border
Favorites
Address:
7 Rhygate Court
call
919.555.1212
Cuisine:
Seafood
Rating:
Cost for two: $
What are people saying?
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The door unlocks!
Well, that was anticlimactic.
There is a chair in the corner of the tiny room. You feel a sudden inkling to sit down. Once you are seated the room fills with a very comforting haze. Suddenly it seems to be a great time to read a book.
Specifically a Story Time book.
One that you would probably find in the Story Time Collection. A Story Time Collection that would probably be in the Drive Thru-Area. A Drive Thru Area that is probably somewhere in the South-East direction of the Staff Area.
| You pull out your fresh storytime goodness | ||
| . . . . . | . . . . . | |
| Story Time Collection? Drive Thru Area? Staff Area? I need to go back and look around some more. |


Due date: Tue Apr 21 2020 23:59:00 GMT-0700 (Mountain Standard Time)
1. Write your name and the title of the assignment on the top of your paper.
2. Workout the problems on paper the same way we always did. Use dark pen or dark pencil for contrast, that way your uploaded document will be easier to read.
3. Check your work. You will find the answers in Files in folder \"HW files and Answer files\". Assign points and do corrections in different color.
4. Add your points and write the number of achieved points over the total number of points on top of the page in color.
5. Upload one document.


{% extends "badgekit_webhooks/app_base.html" %} {% block body %}
It looks like you've claimed this badge already! You've assigned it to the e-mail address {{ instance.email }}.
If that's your e-mail address, you can go ahead and push your badge to the Badge Backpack!
If you've assigned it to the wrong e-mail, or you think someone else has claimed your badge, you can contact the admins.


These scrumptious gourmet treats are crafted from scratch in our bakeshops every day by our professional Pastry Chefs. All recipes are created only for Sweet Tooth Cupcakes by Exective Chef Joyce Ngamau.
The ingredients are real, wholesome, quality. Since all cupcakes are not alike, make sure you are getting a Sweet Tooth Cupcake original…a taste that is unlike all the rest!
Chocolate. Caramel. Sea Salt...did I mention chocolate?...nuff said. I mean really it’s hard to top that combination. If you love a good chocolate candy bar then you will ADORE these!!


{# Grab the title and description from the CMS general settings. #} {% set site_title = getSetting('site_name')%} {% set site_description = getSetting('site_description')%} {% set site_analytics = getSetting('analytics_id')%} {% set site_url = getSetting('site_url') %}


--- title: Save a run comparison as HTML type: docs repo: https://github.com/rstudio/tfruns menu: main: name: Save a run comparison as HTML - tfruns parent: tfruns-reference aliases: - /reference/tfruns/save_run_comparison.html - /tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /guide/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /tools/tools/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /installation/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /tutorials/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /guide/tools/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /deploy/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /tools/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html - /tutorials/tools/tfruns/reference/save_run_comparison.html ---
Save a run comparison as HTML
save_run_comparison(runs = ls_runs(latest_n = 2), filename = "auto")
| runs | Character vector of 2 training run directories or
data frame returned from |
| filename | Path to save the HTML to. If no |


People
Present contributors
- Jan Vitek - project lead.
- Filip Pizlo - async I/O, GC, core developer.
- Tomas Kalibera - GC, compilation to plain C, hw interrupts.

- Bill Pugh
- Doug Lea
- David Holmes - real-time Java lead.
- Antonio Cunei - GC , embedded platform.
- Jeremy Manson - transactional memory.
- Marek Prochazka - benchmarking framework.
- Jason Baker - j2c compiler, main developer.
- Krista Bennett - documentation.
- Chapman Flack - GC interface, idioms.
- Jason Fox
- James Liang
- Christian Grothoff - runabout, bytecode analysis.
- Andrey Madan - benchmarking.
- Gergana Markova
- Phil McGachey - MMtk integration.
- Krzysztof Palacz - design of the ED interface, core developer.
- Vids Samanta
- Jacques Thomas
- Ben Titzer
- Darrell Walisser
- Ted Witkamp
- Hiroshi Yamauchi - simplejit.
- Bin Xin - benchmark programs.


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| Top |
The Microsoft Windows surface is used to render cairo graphics to Microsoft Windows windows, bitmaps, and printing device contexts.
The surface returned by cairo_win32_printing_surface_create()
is of surface
type CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_WIN32_PRINTING
and is a multi-page vector surface
type.
The surface returned by the other win32 constructors is of surface type
CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_WIN32
and is a raster surface type.
cairo_surface_t *
cairo_win32_surface_create (HDC hdc
);
Creates a cairo surface that targets the given DC. The DC will be
queried for its initial clip extents, and this will be used as the
size of the cairo surface. The resulting surface will always be of
format CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24
; should you need another surface format,
you will need to create one through
cairo_win32_surface_create_with_dib()
.
Since 1.0
cairo_surface_t * cairo_win32_surface_create_with_dib (cairo_format_t format
,int width
,int height
);
Creates a device-independent-bitmap surface not associated with any particular existing surface or device context. The created bitmap will be uninitialized.
format |
format of pixels in the surface to create |
|
width |
width of the surface, in pixels |
|
height |
height of the surface, in pixels |
Since 1.2
cairo_surface_t * cairo_win32_surface_create_with_ddb (HDC hdc
,cairo_format_t format
,int width
,int height
);
Creates a device-dependent-bitmap surface not associated with any particular existing surface or device context. The created bitmap will be uninitialized.
hdc |
a DC compatible with the surface to create |
|
format |
format of pixels in the surface to create |
|
width |
width of the surface, in pixels |
|
height |
height of the surface, in pixels |
Since 1.4
cairo_surface_t *
cairo_win32_printing_surface_create (HDC hdc
);
Creates a cairo surface that targets the given DC. The DC will be queried for its initial clip extents, and this will be used as the size of the cairo surface. The DC should be a printing DC; antialiasing will be ignored, and GDI will be used as much as possible to draw to the surface.
The returned surface will be wrapped using the paginated surface to
provide correct complex rendering behaviour; cairo_surface_show_page()
and
associated methods must be used for correct output.
Since 1.6
HDC
cairo_win32_surface_get_dc (cairo_surface_t *surface
);
Returns the HDC associated with this surface, or NULL
if none.
Also returns NULL
if the surface is not a win32 surface.
A call to cairo_surface_flush()
is required before using the HDC to
ensure that all pending drawing operations are finished and to
restore any temporary modification cairo has made to its state. A
call to cairo_surface_mark_dirty()
is required after the state or
the content of the HDC has been modified.
Since 1.2
cairo_surface_t *
cairo_win32_surface_get_image (cairo_surface_t *surface
);
Returns a cairo_surface_t image surface that refers to the same bits
as the DIB of the Win32 surface. If the passed-in win32 surface
is not a DIB surface, NULL
is returned.
a cairo_surface_t (owned by the win32 cairo_surface_t),
or NULL
if the win32 surface is not a DIB.
Since 1.4


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Talbot County{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Talbot County is the nineteenth largest county or county-equivalent in the State of Maryland based on the 2014 registration data.
Talbot county is one of the few counties that reflected a fairly good improvement election over election. For voters per poll worker the county went from near the bottom to firmly in the middle relative to other Maryland jurisdictions.


W15y Quick Check Help
Help Contents
Help Index
Previous Entry
Next Entry
Help for "Possible accesskey conflict"
Background
W15yQC Checks
Example Failures
Suggestions
Related WCAG 2.0 Documents
Success Criteria:
Techniques:
Failures:
Related Section 508 Standards


Mugging reported at Saratoga Lake Park in Cape Coral
by WFTX Digital TeamCAPE CORAL, Fla. --- We're working to see if Cape Coral Police made an arrest in a robbery at Saratoga Lake Park.
Many viewers told us they saw the officers on scene and a helicopter flying overhead there late Sunday night.
Police say someone robbed teenagers in the park, and got away with a cell phone.
They told us they have a good idea who the robber is.
The park is located on SE 4th Terrace, just off Santa Barbara Boulevard.


Select a person to the left (use the text box above the list to search for a person), select a shift on the right, then click assign to assign that person to that shift.
To select a different day, click its select button below. The list to the left is populated with watch standers you are responsible for, in the order that they should be assigned.
It is highly recommended that you assign people in the order they appear in the list to the left, while accounting for watch inputs and possibly previous shifts.


---
layout: default
---
Who am I?
My name is Nicolò and I currently work at Spanflug on really cool topics, mostly related to computer vision.
Not long ago, I was a graduate student at University of Milan, in the department of computer science!
I am broadly interested in Machine Learning, Optimization and Computer Science. I'm probably even more interested in music, but that's a different story..
News
- New paper on learning with expert advice accepted at Neurips 2021. Kudos to Blair and Jeff!
- I released online this webapp made with Streamlit to experiment with optimization algorithms.
- I defended my thesis and now officially done with my PhD :)
- New preprint available!
- Hurrayy! This paper will soon be published at Neurips 2020! Many thanks to Francesco and its lab!
- In the next few months I will be visiting prof. Orabona and the Optimal Lab at Boston University :)


---
mt_id: 11
layout: post
title: On Insecure uploads
date: 2008-10-11 15:31:54 -04:00
tags:
- deface
- development
- hack
- security
- upload
- web
---
It is a common requirement these days for web applications to allow and provide users with a file upload interface.
You may want to allow your users upload and share images or documents.
Handling user provided files is dangerous and the files should be treated with utmost care.
How was my website hacked/defaced ?
The intruder using the poorly secured interface uploads a file, the file is saved in a predictable location, accessible through the web and, most important, the file name stays unmodified.
If these conditions are met, the attacker can upload a prepared file and later request it from the web server by simply typing in his browser the URL to the uploaded file, example: http://victim.com/uploads/myexploit.php .
Basically the attacker uploads an script providing a file manager or shell-like interface which will allow him to execute commands in the security context of your web application.
Depending on the capabilities of the web server, he could upload an ASP or PHP script, coded his own or find one in milw0rm.com. If he could get the server to execute a .cgi, .exe or .dll file the possibilities are broader.
Usually it will give the attacker enough to at least browse and read any files within your own application's reach. As a bonus he could also obtain write/delete privileges and things could get nastier. He could simply substitute your homepage with a "Here waz 3lite haxor!" and list your site in zone-h.org or worst he could start serving spy-ware and/or mount another attack from your web server.
How to prevent it?
There are several specific solutions to this, depending on platform, web server, technology combination. I will describe a general approach:
For performance reasons you may want to rely on the web server capabilities to serve static content like images and documents. In this case we would expose the uploads folder through the web server either by placing the folder under the root of the web site or creating a virtual directory pointing to the folder. If the files are served directly by the server we then must make sure these files are never executed or invoked by the server as it would be the case if the file had a .ASP or .PHP extensions. The following measures should be taken towards avoiding hosting or executing a maliciously injected script.


Hello World Design Thinking Workshop Click Here 22/07/19
Design Thinking is a 5 step process to come up with creative solutions to solve real-world problems for a particular group of people.
Step 1: Explore and Understand
Think about various situations in the problem sector and identify the group of people/communities being affected. Understand their problems specific to that field. Make use of any reliable resource (Books, Internet, People, Newspapers etc.) to gather information for a deeper analysis of the situation.
Step 2: Define Problem Statement
After the complete in-depth analysis of different problem scenarios, come up with a definitive problem statement which clearly states what problem you are explicitly focusing on and who are the stakeholders.
Step 3: Ideate
Now focus only on the problem statement you've formed, and come up with creative and unique idea to solve the problem. Best ideations occur when you think as a team and critique each other's ideas. You can propose a solution in any form - a hardware tool, an application, a website, or maybe something new!
Step 4: Prototype
Before the final approval of an idea, it is important to brainstorm and verify it's functionality as per the problem statement. Take a moment to reflect on what you've learnt from your discussions and brainstorming. Connect the dots and sketch a basic prototype of your solution proposal on paper.
Step 5: Evaluate
Evaluate your prototype by testing it on diverse groups of people to get feedback and critiques for further improvement.
With the aim to create entrepreneurs for tomorrow, we hearby announce Pitch Cafe 2.0 - Coming Soon! Fasten your seatbelts and be prepared to escalate your journey towards succes with Ecell, IIITD.
Pitch Cafe 1.0, which was conducted on 4th May 2019, was the first event of its kind, with the objective of creating an entrepreneurial conclave and supporting innovators.
It provided an excellent platform for potential ideas and early stage start-ups to be recognized by the esteemed panel members and keynote speakers like Mr. Saurabh Jain, Vice President & Head 'PayTM Build for India', Dr. Amarjeet Singh, Co-founder and CTO, Zenatix Solutions Private Limited, and Mr. Ajay Singh, CIO and Co-founder, DLT Labs.
read moreread less
ProfitHat Full Day Event
22/07/19
Jugaad Karo: With a given amount of initial money, teams have to jugaad to make that money count.
Multiply that by using any means (except for illegal).
The team with most money made and also with legal methods followed, can be declared as winner.
read moreread less
End Of Year Sale Sell What You made
22/07/19
At the very end of any said semester, you have done some work different than the rest of the people in the campus.
So, now is the time to show them off and sell those mini ideas to ones who need em.
It need not be a full scale project but something that can earn you a E-Cell-Coin.
For each consumer you have for that idea/project/script/automatedWeb/Something You made Something you drew.
You get a chance to host a bid for it. Or maybe a stall to sell your items off.
read moreread less
Ideathon Coming Soon
22/07/19
12 hours to prepare a pitch and get investment from us. The top 5 tems get to present infront of judges. Top team gets a chance to incubate
read moreread less
Sell Any Thing Coming Soon
22/07/19
How will you sell a pen without ink in it or probably a condom with a hole in it.
Can you master your pitch to sell the most unsellable thing?
read moreread less
About Us
Nowadays people are afraid to take risks. Entreprenuership is one of those. Its elemental definition is "owing a business
with some risks in order to make profit". We at E-Cell of IIIT Delhi have those hormones in our andrenals to take those
risks and also have intent to cultivate those in others with some groundbreaking ideas that could possibly change the
perception of the society towards Entreprenuership. Our vision is to enrich the Indian youth with proper Entp skills
through many enlighting workshops, etalks, startup showcases and self-assertive or ambitious yet productive and healthy
competitions.
Member Name
short description short description short description short description short description


|
KratosMultiphysics
KRATOS Multiphysics (Kratos) is a framework for building parallel, multi-disciplinary simulation software, aiming at modularity, extensibility, and high performance. Kratos is written in C++, and counts with an extensive Python interface.
|
This is the base Newton Raphson strategy. More...
#include <newton_raphson_strategy.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
Life Cycle | |
| NewtonRaphsonStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart, typename SchemeType::Pointer pScheme, typename BuilderAndSolverType::Pointer pBuilderAndSolver, typename ConvergenceCriterionType::Pointer pConvergenceCriterion, Flags &rOptions, unsigned int MaxIterations=30) | |
| NewtonRaphsonStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart, typename SchemeType::Pointer pScheme, typename LinearSolverType::Pointer pLinearSolver, typename ConvergenceCriterionType::Pointer pConvergenceCriterion, Flags &rOptions, unsigned int MaxIterations=30) | |
| ~NewtonRaphsonStrategy () override | |
| Destructor. More... | |
Operations | |
| void | InitializeSolutionStep () override |
| Performs all the required operations that should be done (for each step) before solving the solution step. More... | |
| void | FinalizeSolutionStep () override |
| Performs all the required operations that should be done (for each step) after solving the solution step. More... | |
| bool | SolveSolutionStep () override |
| Solves the current step. This function returns true if a solution has been found, false otherwise. More... | |
| bool | SolveIteration () override |
| Solves the iteration. This function returns true if a solution has been found, false otherwise. More... | |
| void | Clear () override |
| Clears the internal storage. More... | |
| int | Check () override |
| Function to perform expensive checks. More... | |
Access | |
| void | SetEchoLevel (const int Level) override |
| This sets the level of echo for the solving strategy. More... | |
| void | SetMaxIterationNumber (unsigned int MaxIterationNumber) |
| This method sets the flag mMaxIterationNumber. More... | |
| unsigned int | GetMaxIterationNumber () override |
| This method gets the flag mMaxIterationNumber. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| LinearStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart, typename SchemeType::Pointer pScheme, typename BuilderAndSolverType::Pointer pBuilderAndSolver, Flags &rOptions) | |
| LinearStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart, typename SchemeType::Pointer pScheme, typename LinearSolverType::Pointer pLinearSolver, Flags &rOptions) | |
| ~LinearStrategy () override | |
| Destructor. More... | |
| void | SetScheme (typename SchemeType::Pointer pScheme) |
| Set method for the time scheme. More... | |
| SchemeType::Pointer | GetScheme () |
| Get method for the time scheme. More... | |
| void | SetBuilderAndSolver (typename BuilderAndSolverType::Pointer pBuilderAndSolver) |
| Set method for the builder and solver. More... | |
| BuilderAndSolverType::Pointer | GetBuilderAndSolver () |
| Get method for the builder and solver. More... | |
| SystemMatrixType & | GetSystemMatrix () |
| This method returns the LHS matrix. More... | |
| void | GetDirectSystemMatrix (SystemMatrixType &A) |
| This method directly sets the input as the LHS. More... | |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (LinearStrategy) | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Kratos::SolutionStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| SolutionStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart) | |
| Constructor. More... | |
| SolutionStrategy (ModelPart &rModelPart, Flags &rOptions) | |
| Constructor. More... | |
| ~SolutionStrategy () override | |
| Destructor. More... | |
| virtual bool | Solve () |
| The problem of interest is solved. More... | |
| virtual int | GetEchoLevel () |
| This returns the level of echo for the solution strategy. More... | |
| void | SetOptions (Flags &rOptions) |
| Sets strategy options. More... | |
| Flags & | GetOptions () |
| Get strategy options. More... | |
| ModelPart & | GetModelPart () |
| Operations to get the pointer to the model. More... | |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (SolutionStrategy) | |
| Pointer definition of SolutionStrategy. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
Protected Operations | |
| void | Initialize () override |
| Initialization of member variables and prior operations. More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| void | Predict () override |
| Operation to predict the solution ... if it is not called a trivial predictor is used in which the values of the solution step of interest are assumed equal to the old values. More... | |
| void | Update () override |
| Here the database is updated. More... | |
| void | SetSystemDofs () |
| Performs all the required operations to reform dofs. More... | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from Kratos::SolutionStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| virtual void | Finalize () |
| Finalization of member variables and prior operations. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
Protected member Variables | |
| ConvergenceCriterionType::Pointer | mpConvergenceCriteria |
| unsigned int | mMaxIterationNumber |
| The pointer to the convergence criteria employed. More... | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| SchemeType::Pointer | mpScheme |
| BuilderAndSolverType::Pointer | mpBuilderAndSolver |
| The pointer to the time scheme employed. More... | |
| SystemVectorPointerType | mpDx |
| The pointer to the builder and solver employed. More... | |
| SystemVectorPointerType | mpb |
| The incremement in the solution. More... | |
| SystemMatrixPointerType | mpA |
| The RHS vector of the system of equations. More... | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from Kratos::SolutionStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | |
| Flags | mOptions |
| int | mEchoLevel |
Type Definitions | |
| typedef LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | BaseType |
| typedef BaseType::LocalFlagType | LocalFlagType |
| typedef ConvergenceCriterion< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace > | ConvergenceCriterionType |
| typedef BaseType::BuilderAndSolverType | BuilderAndSolverType |
| typedef BaseType::SchemeType | SchemeType |
| typedef TLinearSolver | LinearSolverType |
| typedef TSparseSpace | SparseSpaceType |
| typedef BaseType::DofsArrayType | DofsArrayType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemMatrixType | SystemMatrixType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemVectorType | SystemVectorType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemMatrixPointerType | SystemMatrixPointerType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemVectorPointerType | SystemVectorPointerType |
| KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION (NewtonRaphsonStrategy) | |
This is the base Newton Raphson strategy.
This strategy iterates until the convergence is achieved (or the maximum number of iterations is surpassed) using a Newton Raphson algorithm
| typedef LinearStrategy<TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver> Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::BaseType |
| typedef BaseType::BuilderAndSolverType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::BuilderAndSolverType |
| typedef ConvergenceCriterion<TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace> Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::ConvergenceCriterionType |
| typedef BaseType::DofsArrayType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::DofsArrayType |
| typedef TLinearSolver Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::LinearSolverType |
| typedef BaseType::LocalFlagType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::LocalFlagType |
| typedef BaseType::SchemeType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SchemeType |
| typedef TSparseSpace Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SparseSpaceType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemMatrixPointerType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SystemMatrixPointerType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemMatrixType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SystemMatrixType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemVectorPointerType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SystemVectorPointerType |
| typedef BaseType::SystemVectorType Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::SystemVectorType |
|
inline |
Default constructor
| rModelPart | The model part of the problem |
| pScheme | The integration scheme |
| pBuilderAndSolver | The builder and solver employed |
| pConvergenceCriteria | The convergence criteria employed |
| rOptions | The solution options |
| MaxIterations | The maximum number of non-linear iterations to be considered when solving the problem |
|
inline |
Default constructor
| rModelPart | The model part of the problem |
| pScheme | The integration scheme |
| pLinearSolver | The linear solver employed |
| pConvergenceCriteria | The convergence criteria employed |
| rOptions | The solution options |
| MaxIterations | The maximum number of non-linear iterations to be considered when solving the problem |
|
inlineoverride |
Destructor.
In trilinos third party library, the linear solver's preconditioner should be freed before the system matrix. We control the deallocation order with Clear().
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Function to perform expensive checks.
It is designed to be called ONCE to verify that the input is correct.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Clears the internal storage.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Performs all the required operations that should be done (for each step) after solving the solution step.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
This method gets the flag mMaxIterationNumber.
Reimplemented from Kratos::SolutionStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverrideprotectedvirtual |
Initialization of member variables and prior operations.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Performs all the required operations that should be done (for each step) before solving the solution step.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
| Kratos::NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >::KRATOS_CLASS_POINTER_DEFINITION | ( | NewtonRaphsonStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver > | ) |
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
This sets the level of echo for the solving strategy.
| Level | of echo for the solving strategy |
{ 0 -> Mute... no echo at all 1 -> Printing time and basic informations 2 -> Printing linear solver data 3 -> Print of debug informations: Echo of stiffness matrix, Dx, b... }
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inline |
This method sets the flag mMaxIterationNumber.
| MaxIterationNumber | This is the maximum number of on linear iterations |
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Solves the iteration. This function returns true if a solution has been found, false otherwise.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
inlineoverridevirtual |
Solves the current step. This function returns true if a solution has been found, false otherwise.
Reimplemented from Kratos::LinearStrategy< TSparseSpace, TDenseSpace, TLinearSolver >.
|
protected |
The pointer to the convergence criteria employed.
|
protected |


An implementation of a MCMC method to calculate probabilities for a coalition majority based on survey results, see Bender and Bauer (2018) <doi:10.21105/joss.00606>.
| Version: | 0.6.5 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.1) |
| Imports: | checkmate, gtools, rvest, xml2, jsonlite, RCurl, reshape2, rlang, magrittr, lubridate, forcats, stringr, tidyr, purrr (> 0.2.2), dplyr (> 0.5.0) |
| Suggests: | ggplot2, testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-10-06 |
| Author: | Andreas Bender [aut, cre], Alexander Bauer [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Andreas Bender <andreas.bender at stat.uni-muenchen.de> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/adibender/coalitions/issues |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://github.com/adibender/coalitions/, http://adibender.github.io/coalitions/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | coalitions citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | coalitions results |
| Reference manual: | coalitions.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
diagnostic pooling workflow |
| Package source: | coalitions_0.6.5.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: coalitions_0.6.5.zip, r-release: coalitions_0.6.5.zip, r-oldrel: coalitions_0.6.5.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: coalitions_0.6.5.tgz, r-oldrel: coalitions_0.6.5.tgz |
| Old sources: | coalitions archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=coalitions to link to this page.


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ROSALIE GOES SHOPPING A film review by Michael Pilling Copyright 1990 Michael Pilling
Yesterday I went and saw this film, hoping to find something wonderful like BAGDAD CAFE' or pleasant and simple like ZUCKERBABY.
There are many movies that I don't care for, but can see why others would enjoy them or find some value in them.
This movie was just drivel, it had no redeeming features. There was no plot, only there slightest hint of a story. It was not an art film, it was incoherent to the point of wondering what was going on. There were many scenes that added nothing to the film, either in terms of the plot or the mood. The photograpy was technically good, but special effects were used everywere and just irritated the viewer. Anyone can rotate a polariser while filming. Large uninteruped sections of dialog in german exceeded the ability of most people to extrapolate from the context.
This should have been a short story - 15 minutes at the most. I really resent having paid A$10 to see this, especially when it is advertised as brilliant like bagdad cafe. In short it isn't it is a great dissapointment.
-- _--_|\ Michael John Pilling, / \ Computer Science Department, \_.--._/ University of Queensland, v Queensland, 4072 Australia.
.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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--- layout: page title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive permalink: archive/113489newmembers/72368WhyisissubfieldnotaProp.html ---
I want to define
variables {L : Type} def subfields : set (set L) := {K' : set L | is_subfield K'}
But I run into a problem because is_subfield
is somehow a Type
, not a Prop
. Why is this/how is this possible, and how can I fix the problem?
By mistake. It should be changed.
Do you know how I can circumvent the problem?
you can use nonempty (is_subfield K')
You can now also just update mathlib :-)
{% endraw %}


THE BIG KAHUNA A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2000 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ***
THE BIG KAHUNA is about a lot of things, including God, friendship and industrial lubricants. In short, it's about the meaning of life as seen from the perspective of two mid-Western, veteran, industrial lubricant salesmen (Kevin Spacey and Danny DeVito) and a fresh young kid from research (Peter Facinelli) in town together for a convention.
As directed by John Swanbeck and written by Roger Rueff, based on his play, THE BIG KAHUNA will immediately remind you of GLENGARRY GLEN ROSS, adapted by David Mamet from his own play. Although not as good or as raunchy the Mamet film/play, THE BIG KAHUNA is no less ambitious. Sometimes seeming to bite off more than it can chew, the film dares to ask many questions but provide few answers.
What it does most successfully is showcase Spacey and DeVito's acting talents. Getting the flashiest role, Spacey, the grand master of the art of sarcasm, plays Larry Mann, a salesman who is petrified that they may not have a grand-enough hospitality suite to lure in "El Kahuna Grande," their biggest potential client ever. The quality of their hors d'oeuvres also troubles him.
 Although his good friend Larry knows that success means making the big sale, a tired and weary Phil isn't sure anymore about anything. "You take guys away from their wives for any length of time, and they don't know how to behave," Phil says, supposedly talking about the other conventioneers but probably talking more about himself now that he is wifeless.
Bob (Facinelli) is the most unusual of the characters and the hardest to peg. He is an All-American-boy type, who wears his faithfulness to his wife on his sleeve. Appearing to be some sort of born-again Christian, he feels that it's his obligation to turn conversations, including those with customers, toward his Lord. The story, which takes no religious sides, makes his character the most intriguing and the biggest enigma. One could easily read into his character that he represents salvation, but there are other possible interpretations.
"You ought to apply for sainthood, Bob," Larry tells him, mockingly uncomfortable with Bob's faith. "Competition isn't as stiff as it used to be." A likable cynic, Larry loves to taunt Bob and ridicule religion in general. "You don't smoke," Larry says to Phil. "I don't drink. And Bob here doesn't lust after women. Between the three of us here, we're practically Jesus!"
Basically a filmed play, the movie happens almost entirely in a single room, which is both a blessing and a curse. Although it can be claustrophobic, this approach focuses our attention on the acting and the script and away from such diversions as supporting characters, props, camerawork and all of the other trappings of traditional motion pictures. Most films would quickly become stuffy with this limiting approach, but it is a tribute to the sharpness of the acting and the dialog that THE BIG KAHUNA rarely does. In fact, it is only when the director tries to open up the play just a bit by including a few brief dream sequences that the movie goes seriously awry.
A hard-core non-believer, Larry resists attempts to suggest that life has a bigger purpose than closing the next big sale. In one of the movie's best interchanges, Phil suggests certain possibilities to Larry. "Strange things happen," Phil tells him in summation. "No they don't, not unless they're printed in USA TODAY first."
THE BIG KAHUNA runs a fast 1:30. It is rated R for language and would be acceptable for most teenagers.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


This is an ordered list
And here we have a nested list
and this is an unordered list
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a bulleted list


| Time | Description | Location |
|---|---|---|
| 08:30 am - 09:00 am | Registration | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 09:00 am - 09:15 am | Introduction | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 09:15 am - 09:45 am | Keynotes | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 10:00 am - 10:20 am | Introduction of Tracks | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 10:30 am - 12:00 pm | Workshops | TBA |
| 12:15 pm - 1:00 pm | Panel | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 12:15 pm - 1:00 pm | Lunch | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 01:15 pm - 08:00 pm | Hack Time Starts | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 05:30 pm - 08:00 pm | Project Submission and Judging | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 06:15 pm - 07:00 pm | Dinner | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 08:00 pm | Finalist announcement | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 08:15 pm - 08:45 pm | Presentation | Richard Harris Terrace |
| 08:45 pm - 09:00 pm | Prizes | Richard Harris Terrace |
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Azzurri complete stunning campaign with remarkable 9-1 rout of Armenia
Roberto Mancini’s Italy turned on the style in their final Group J game.
by The42 TeamROBERTO MANCINI’S RAMPANT Italy broke more records as they maintained their 100% points return in Euro 2020 qualifying with a 9-1 thrashing of Armenia in Palermo.
The Azzurri had long since booked their place in next year’s finals and last week defeated Bosnia-Herzegovina for a 10th consecutive win for the first time in their history.
There was no slowing Italy in their final Group J game, though, as they turned on the style to end the campaign with 10 victories from 10.
An 11th straight win in all saw seven different Italy goalscorers in a match for the first time, as Ciro Immobile and Nicolo Zaniolo each netted twice.
Zaniolo, debutant Riccardo Orsolini and Federico Chiesa all notched their first goals for their country, with Nicolo Barella, Alessio Romagnoli and Jorginho also on target in a stunning success.


Windows 10 x64 (18362.86)
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