Extension and Version Dependencies
-
Requires Vulkan 1.0
-
Requires
VK_KHR_surface
Other Extension Metadata
- Last Modified Date
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2017-10-06
- IP Status
-
No known IP claims.
- Interactions and External Dependencies
-
-
Interacts with Vulkan 1.1
-
- Contributors
-
-
Patrick Doane, Blizzard
-
Ian Elliott, LunarG
-
Jesse Hall, Google
-
Mathias Heyer, NVIDIA
-
James Jones, NVIDIA
-
David Mao, AMD
-
Norbert Nopper, Freescale
-
Alon Or-bach, Samsung
-
Daniel Rakos, AMD
-
Graham Sellers, AMD
-
Jeff Vigil, Qualcomm
-
Chia-I Wu, LunarG
-
Jason Ekstrand, Intel
-
Matthaeus G. Chajdas, AMD
-
Ray Smith, ARM
-
Description
The VK_KHR_swapchain
extension is the device-level companion to the
VK_KHR_surface
extension.
It introduces VkSwapchainKHR objects, which provide the ability to
present rendering results to a surface.
New Structures
If Version 1.1 is supported:
-
Extending VkBindImageMemoryInfo:
-
Extending VkImageCreateInfo:
-
Extending VkPresentInfoKHR:
-
Extending VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR:
New Enums
If Version 1.1 is supported:
New Bitmasks
If Version 1.1 is supported:
New Enum Constants
-
VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
-
VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_SPEC_VERSION
-
Extending VkImageLayout:
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VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR
-
-
Extending VkObjectType:
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VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_KHR
-
-
Extending VkResult:
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VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR
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VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR
-
-
Extending VkStructureType:
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR
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If Version 1.1 is supported:
-
Extending VkStructureType:
-
VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACQUIRE_NEXT_IMAGE_INFO_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_SWAPCHAIN_INFO_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_PRESENT_CAPABILITIES_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_PRESENT_INFO_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR
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VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR
-
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Extending VkSwapchainCreateFlagBitsKHR:
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VK_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT_KHR
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VK_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT_KHR
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Issues
1) Does this extension allow the application to specify the memory backing of the presentable images?
RESOLVED: No. Unlike standard images, the implementation will allocate the memory backing of the presentable image.
2) What operations are allowed on presentable images?
RESOLVED: This is determined by the image usage flags specified when creating the presentable image’s swapchain.
3) Does this extension support MSAA presentable images?
RESOLVED: No. Presentable images are always single-sampled. Multi-sampled rendering must use regular images. To present the rendering results the application must manually resolve the multi- sampled image to a single-sampled presentable image prior to presentation.
4) Does this extension support stereo/multi-view presentable images?
RESOLVED: Yes.
The number of views associated with a presentable image is determined by the
imageArrayLayers
specified when creating a swapchain.
All presentable images in a given swapchain use the same array size.
5) Are the layers of stereo presentable images half-sized?
RESOLVED: No. The image extents always match those requested by the application.
6) Do the “present” and “acquire next image” commands operate on a queue? If not, do they need to include explicit semaphore objects to interlock them with queue operations?
RESOLVED: The present command operates on a queue. The image ownership operation it represents happens in order with other operations on the queue, so no explicit semaphore object is required to synchronize its actions.
Applications may want to acquire the next image in separate threads from those in which they manage their queue, or in multiple threads. To make such usage easier, the acquire next image command takes a semaphore to signal as a method of explicit synchronization. The application must later queue a wait for this semaphore before queuing execution of any commands using the image.
7) Does vkAcquireNextImageKHR block if no images are available?
RESOLVED: The command takes a timeout parameter.
Special values for the timeout are 0, which makes the call a non-blocking
operation, and UINT64_MAX
, which blocks indefinitely.
Values in between will block for up to the specified time.
The call will return when an image becomes available or an error occurs.
It may, but is not required to, return before the specified timeout expires
if the swapchain becomes out of date.
8) Can multiple presents be queued using one vkQueuePresentKHR call?
RESOLVED: Yes. VkPresentInfoKHR contains a list of swapchains and corresponding image indices that will be presented. When supported, all presentations queued with a single vkQueuePresentKHR call will be applied atomically as one operation. The same swapchain must not appear in the list more than once. Later extensions may provide applications stronger guarantees of atomicity for such present operations, and/or allow them to query whether atomic presentation of a particular group of swapchains is possible.
9) How do the presentation and acquire next image functions notify the application the targeted surface has changed?
RESOLVED: Two new result codes are introduced for this purpose:
-
VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR
- Presentation will still succeed, subject to the window resize behavior, but the swapchain is no longer configured optimally for the surface it targets. Applications should query updated surface information and recreate their swapchain at the next convenient opportunity. -
VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR
- Failure. The swapchain is no longer compatible with the surface it targets. The application must query updated surface information and recreate the swapchain before presentation will succeed.
These can be returned by both vkAcquireNextImageKHR and vkQueuePresentKHR.
10) Does the vkAcquireNextImageKHR command return a semaphore to the application via an output parameter, or accept a semaphore to signal from the application as an object handle parameter?
RESOLVED: Accept a semaphore to signal as an object handle. This avoids the need to specify whether the application must destroy the semaphore or whether it is owned by the swapchain, and if the latter, what its lifetime is and whether it can be re-used for other operations once it is received from vkAcquireNextImageKHR.
11) What types of swapchain queuing behavior should be exposed? Options include swap interval specification, mailbox/most recent vs. FIFO queue management, targeting specific vertical blank intervals or absolute times for a given present operation, and probably others. For some of these, whether they are specified at swapchain creation time or as per-present parameters needs to be decided as well.
RESOLVED: The base swapchain extension will expose 3 possible behaviors (of which, FIFO will always be supported):
-
Immediate present: Does not wait for vertical blanking period to update the current image, likely resulting in visible tearing. No internal queue is used. Present requests are applied immediately.
-
Mailbox queue: Waits for the next vertical blanking period to update the current image. No tearing should be observed. An internal single-entry queue is used to hold pending presentation requests. If the queue is full when a new presentation request is received, the new request replaces the existing entry, and any images associated with the prior entry become available for re-use by the application.
-
FIFO queue: Waits for the next vertical blanking period to update the current image. No tearing should be observed. An internal queue containing
numSwapchainImages
- 1 entries is used to hold pending presentation requests. New requests are appended to the end of the queue, and one request is removed from the beginning of the queue and processed during each vertical blanking period in which the queue is non-empty
Not all surfaces will support all of these modes, so the modes supported will be returned using a surface info query. All surfaces must support the FIFO queue mode. Applications must choose one of these modes up front when creating a swapchain. Switching modes can be accomplished by recreating the swapchain.
12) Can VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR
provide non-blocking guarantees
for vkAcquireNextImageKHR? If so, what is the proper criteria?
RESOLVED: Yes. The difficulty is not immediately obvious here. Naively, if at least 3 images are requested, mailbox mode should always have an image available for the application if the application does not own any images when the call to vkAcquireNextImageKHR was made. However, some presentation engines may have more than one “current” image, and would still need to block in some cases. The right requirement appears to be that if the application allocates the surface’s minimum number of images + 1 then it is guaranteed non-blocking behavior when it does not currently own any images.
13) Is there a way to create and initialize a new swapchain for a surface
that has generated a VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR
return code while still using
the old swapchain?
RESOLVED: Not as part of this specification. This could be useful to allow the application to create an “optimal” replacement swapchain and rebuild all its command buffers using it in a background thread at a low priority while continuing to use the “suboptimal” swapchain in the main thread. It could probably use the same “atomic replace” semantics proposed for recreating direct-to-device swapchains without incurring a mode switch. However, after discussion, it was determined some platforms probably could not support concurrent swapchains for the same surface though, so this will be left out of the base KHR extensions. A future extension could add this for platforms where it is supported.
14) Should there be a special value for
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR::maxImageCount
to indicate there are no
practical limits on the number of images in a swapchain?
RESOLVED: Yes. There where often be cases where there is no practical limit to the number of images in a swapchain other than the amount of available resources (I.e., memory) in the system. Trying to derive a hard limit from things like memory size is prone to failure. It is better in such cases to leave it to applications to figure such soft limits out via trial/failure iterations.
15) Should there be a special value for
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR::currentExtent
to indicate the size of
the platform surface is undefined?
RESOLVED: Yes. On some platforms (Wayland, for example), the surface size is defined by the images presented to it rather than the other way around.
16) Should there be a special value for
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR::maxImageExtent
to indicate there is no
practical limit on the surface size?
RESOLVED: No. It seems unlikely such a system would exist. 0 could be used to indicate the platform places no limits on the extents beyond those imposed by Vulkan for normal images, but this query could just as easily return those same limits, so a special “unlimited” value does not seem useful for this field.
17) How should surface rotation and mirroring be exposed to applications? How do they specify rotation and mirroring transforms applied prior to presentation?
RESOLVED: Applications can query both the supported and current transforms
of a surface.
Both are specified relative to the device’s “natural” display rotation and
direction.
The supported transforms indicates which orientations the presentation
engine accepts images in.
For example, a presentation engine that does not support transforming
surfaces as part of presentation, and which is presenting to a surface that
is displayed with a 90-degree rotation, would return only one supported
transform bit: VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_90_BIT_KHR
.
Applications must transform their rendering by the transform they specify
when creating the swapchain in preTransform
field.
18) Can surfaces ever not support VK_MIRROR_NONE
? Can they support
vertical and horizontal mirroring simultaneously? Relatedly, should
VK_MIRROR_NONE
[_BIT] be zero, or bit one, and should applications be
allowed to specify multiple pre and current mirror transform bits, or
exactly one?
RESOLVED: Since some platforms may not support presenting with a transform
other than the native window’s current transform, and prerotation/mirroring
are specified relative to the device’s natural rotation and direction,
rather than relative to the surface’s current rotation and direction, it is
necessary to express lack of support for no mirroring.
To allow this, the MIRROR_NONE
enum must occupy a bit in the flags.
Since MIRROR_NONE
must be a bit in the bitmask rather than a bitmask
with no values set, allowing more than one bit to be set in the bitmask
would make it possible to describe undefined transforms such as
VK_MIRROR_NONE_BIT
| VK_MIRROR_HORIZONTAL_BIT
, or a transform
that includes both “no mirroring” and “horizontal mirroring”
simultaneously.
Therefore, it is desirable to allow specifying all supported mirroring
transforms using only one bit.
The question then becomes, should there be a
VK_MIRROR_HORIZONTAL_AND_VERTICAL_BIT
to represent a simultaneous
horizontal and vertical mirror transform? However, such a transform is
equivalent to a 180 degree rotation, so presentation engines and
applications that wish to support or use such a transform can express it
through rotation instead.
Therefore, 3 exclusive bits are sufficient to express all needed mirroring
transforms.
19) Should support for sRGB be required?
RESOLVED: In the advent of UHD and HDR display devices, proper color space information is vital to the display pipeline represented by the swapchain. The app can discover the supported format/color-space pairs and select a pair most suited to its rendering needs. Currently only the sRGB color space is supported, future extensions may provide support for more color spaces. See issues 23 and 24.
20) Is there a mechanism to modify or replace an existing swapchain with one targeting the same surface?
RESOLVED: Yes. This is described above in the text.
21) Should there be a way to set prerotation and mirroring using native APIs when presenting using a Vulkan swapchain?
RESOLVED: Yes.
The transforms that can be expressed in this extension are a subset of those
possible on native platforms.
If a platform exposes a method to specify the transform of presented images
for a given surface using native methods and exposes more transforms or
other properties for surfaces than Vulkan supports, it might be impossible,
difficult, or inconvenient to set some of those properties using Vulkan KHR
extensions and some using the native interfaces.
To avoid overwriting properties set using native commands when presenting
using a Vulkan swapchain, the application can set the pretransform to
“inherit”, in which case the current native properties will be used, or if
none are available, a platform-specific default will be used.
Platforms that do not specify a reasonable default or do not provide native
mechanisms to specify such transforms should not include the inherit bits in
the supportedTransforms
bitmask they return in
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.
22) Should the content of presentable images be clipped by objects obscuring their target surface?
RESOLVED: Applications can choose which behavior they prefer. Allowing the content to be clipped could enable more optimal presentation methods on some platforms, but some applications might rely on the content of presentable images to perform techniques such as partial updates or motion blurs.
23) What is the purpose of specifying a VkColorSpaceKHR along with VkFormat when creating a swapchain?
RESOLVED: While Vulkan itself is color space agnostic (e.g. even the
meaning of R, G, B and A can be freely defined by the rendering
application), the swapchain eventually will have to present the images on a
display device with specific color reproduction characteristics.
If any color space transformations are necessary before an image can be
displayed, the color space of the presented image must be known to the
swapchain.
A swapchain will only support a restricted set of color format and -space
pairs.
This set can be discovered via vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR.
As it can be expected that most display devices support the sRGB color
space, at least one format/color-space pair has to be exposed, where the
color space is VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR
.
24) How are sRGB formats and the sRGB color space related?
RESOLVED: While Vulkan exposes a number of SRGB texture formats, using
such formats does not guarantee working in a specific color space.
It merely means that the hardware can directly support applying the
non-linear transfer functions defined by the sRGB standard color space when
reading from or writing to images of that these formats.
Still, it is unlikely that a swapchain will expose a *_SRGB
format
along with any color space other than
VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR
.
On the other hand, non-*_SRGB
formats will be very likely exposed in
pair with a SRGB color space.
This means, the hardware will not apply any transfer function when reading
from or writing to such images, yet they will still be presented on a device
with sRGB display characteristics.
In this case the application is responsible for applying the transfer
function, for instance by using shader math.
25) How are the lifetime of surfaces and swapchains targeting them related?
RESOLVED: A surface must outlive any swapchains targeting it. A VkSurfaceKHR owns the binding of the native window to the Vulkan driver.
26) How can the client control the way the alpha channel of swapchain images is treated by the presentation engine during compositing?
RESOLVED: We should add new enum values to allow the client to negotiate
with the presentation engine on how to treat image alpha values during the
compositing process.
Since not all platforms can practically control this through the Vulkan
driver, a value of VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR
is provided like
for surface transforms.
27) Is vkCreateSwapchainKHR the right function to return
VK_ERROR_NATIVE_WINDOW_IN_USE_KHR
, or should the various
platform-specific VkSurfaceKHR factory functions catch this error
earlier?
RESOLVED: For most platforms, the VkSurfaceKHR structure is a simple container holding the data that identifies a native window or other object representing a surface on a particular platform. For the surface factory functions to return this error, they would likely need to register a reference on the native objects with the native display server somehow, and ensure no other such references exist. Surfaces were not intended to be that heavyweight.
Swapchains are intended to be the objects that directly manipulate native windows and communicate with the native presentation mechanisms. Swapchains will already need to communicate with the native display server to negotiate allocation and/or presentation of presentable images for a native surface. Therefore, it makes more sense for swapchain creation to be the point at which native object exclusivity is enforced. Platforms may choose to enforce further restrictions on the number of VkSurfaceKHR objects that may be created for the same native window if such a requirement makes sense on a particular platform, but a global requirement is only sensible at the swapchain level.
Examples
|
Note
The example code for the |
Version History
-
Revision 1, 2015-05-20 (James Jones)
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Initial draft, based on LunarG KHR spec, other KHR specs, patches attached to bugs.
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Revision 2, 2015-05-22 (Ian Elliott)
-
Made many agreed-upon changes from 2015-05-21 KHR TSG meeting. This includes using only a queue for presentation, and having an explicit function to acquire the next image.
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Fixed typos and other minor mistakes.
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Revision 3, 2015-05-26 (Ian Elliott)
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Improved the Description section.
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Added or resolved issues that were found in improving the Description. For example, pSurfaceDescription is used consistently, instead of sometimes using pSurface.
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Revision 4, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Fixed some grammatical errors and typos
-
Filled in the description of imageUseFlags when creating a swapchain.
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Added a description of swapInterval.
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Replaced the paragraph describing the order of operations on a queue for image ownership and presentation.
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Revision 5, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Imported relevant issues from the (abandoned) vk_wsi_persistent_swapchain_images extension.
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Added issues 6 and 7, regarding behavior of the acquire next image and present commands with respect to queues.
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Updated spec language and examples to align with proposed resolutions to issues 6 and 7.
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Revision 6, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Added issue 8, regarding atomic presentation of multiple swapchains
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Updated spec language and examples to align with proposed resolution to issue 8.
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Revision 7, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Fixed compilation errors in example code, and made related spec fixes.
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Revision 8, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Added issue 9, and the related VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR result code.
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Renamed VK_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR to VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR.
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Revision 9, 2015-05-27 (James Jones)
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Added inline proposed resolutions (marked with [JRJ]) to some XXX questions/issues. These should be moved to the issues section in a subsequent update if the proposals are adopted.
-
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Revision 10, 2015-05-28 (James Jones)
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Converted vkAcquireNextImageKHR back to a non-queue operation that uses a VkSemaphore object for explicit synchronization.
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Added issue 10 to determine whether vkAcquireNextImageKHR generates or returns semaphores, or whether it operates on a semaphore provided by the application.
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Revision 11, 2015-05-28 (James Jones)
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Marked issues 6, 7, and 8 resolved.
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Renamed VkSurfaceCapabilityPropertiesKHR to VkSurfacePropertiesKHR to better convey the mutable nature of the info it contains.
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Revision 12, 2015-05-28 (James Jones)
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Added issue 11 with a proposed resolution, and the related issue 12.
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Updated various sections of the spec to match the proposed resolution to issue 11.
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Revision 13, 2015-06-01 (James Jones)
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Moved some structures to VK_EXT_KHR_swap_chain to resolve the spec’s issues 1 and 2.
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Revision 14, 2015-06-01 (James Jones)
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Added code for example 4 demonstrating how an application might make use of the two different present and acquire next image KHR result codes.
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Added issue 13.
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Revision 15, 2015-06-01 (James Jones)
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Added issues 14 - 16 and related spec language.
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Fixed some spelling errors.
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Added language describing the meaningful return values for vkAcquireNextImageKHR and vkQueuePresentKHR.
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Revision 16, 2015-06-02 (James Jones)
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Added issues 17 and 18, as well as related spec language.
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Removed some erroneous text added by mistake in the last update.
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Revision 17, 2015-06-15 (Ian Elliott)
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Changed special value from "-1" to "0" so that the data types can be unsigned.
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Revision 18, 2015-06-15 (Ian Elliott)
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Clarified the values of VkSurfacePropertiesKHR::minImageCount and the timeout parameter of the vkAcquireNextImageKHR function.
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Revision 19, 2015-06-17 (James Jones)
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Misc. cleanup. Removed resolved inline issues and fixed typos.
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Fixed clarification of VkSurfacePropertiesKHR::minImageCount made in version 18.
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Added a brief "Image Ownership" definition to the list of terms used in the spec.
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Revision 20, 2015-06-17 (James Jones)
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Updated enum-extending values using new convention.
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Revision 21, 2015-06-17 (James Jones)
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Added language describing how to use VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SOURCE_KHR.
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Cleaned up an XXX comment regarding the description of which queues vkQueuePresentKHR can be used on.
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Revision 22, 2015-06-17 (James Jones)
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Rebased on Vulkan API version 126.
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Revision 23, 2015-06-18 (James Jones)
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Updated language for issue 12 to read as a proposed resolution.
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Marked issues 11, 12, 13, 16, and 17 resolved.
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Temporarily added links to the relevant bugs under the remaining unresolved issues.
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Added issues 19 and 20 as well as proposed resolutions.
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Revision 24, 2015-06-19 (Ian Elliott)
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Changed special value for VkSurfacePropertiesKHR::currentExtent back to "-1" from "0". This value will never need to be unsigned, and "0" is actually a legal value.
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Revision 25, 2015-06-23 (Ian Elliott)
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Examples now show use of function pointers for extension functions.
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Eliminated extraneous whitespace.
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Revision 26, 2015-06-25 (Ian Elliott)
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Resolved Issues 9 & 10 per KHR TSG meeting.
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Revision 27, 2015-06-25 (James Jones)
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Added oldSwapchain member to VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.
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Revision 28, 2015-06-25 (James Jones)
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Added the "inherit" bits to the rotation and mirroring flags and the associated issue 21.
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Revision 29, 2015-06-25 (James Jones)
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Added the "clipped" flag to VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR, and the associated issue 22.
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Specified that presenting an image does not modify it.
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Revision 30, 2015-06-25 (James Jones)
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Added language to the spec that clarifies the behavior of vkCreateSwapchainKHR() when the oldSwapchain field of VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR is not NULL.
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Revision 31, 2015-06-26 (Ian Elliott)
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Example of new VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR members, "oldSwapchain" and "clipped".
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Example of using VkSurfacePropertiesKHR::{min|max}ImageCount to set VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR::minImageCount.
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Rename vkGetSurfaceInfoKHR()'s 4th parameter to "pDataSize", for consistency with other functions.
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Add macro with C-string name of extension (just to header file).
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Revision 32, 2015-06-26 (James Jones)
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Minor adjustments to the language describing the behavior of "oldSwapchain"
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Fixed the version date on my previous two updates.
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Revision 33, 2015-06-26 (Jesse Hall)
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Add usage flags to VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR
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Revision 34, 2015-06-26 (Ian Elliott)
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Rename vkQueuePresentKHR()'s 2nd parameter to "pPresentInfo", for consistency with other functions.
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Revision 35, 2015-06-26 (Jason Ekstrand)
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Merged the VkRotationFlagBitsKHR and VkMirrorFlagBitsKHR enums into a single VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR enum.
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Revision 36, 2015-06-26 (Jason Ekstrand)
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Added a VkSurfaceTransformKHR enum that is not a bitmask. Each value in VkSurfaceTransformKHR corresponds directly to one of the bits in VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR so transforming from one to the other is easy. Having a separate enum means that currentTransform and preTransform are now unambiguous by definition.
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Revision 37, 2015-06-29 (Ian Elliott)
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Corrected one of the signatures of vkAcquireNextImageKHR, which had the last two parameters switched from what it is elsewhere in the specification and header files.
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Revision 38, 2015-06-30 (Ian Elliott)
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Corrected a typo in description of the vkGetSwapchainInfoKHR() function.
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Corrected a typo in header file comment for VkPresentInfoKHR::sType.
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Revision 39, 2015-07-07 (Daniel Rakos)
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Added error section describing when each error is expected to be reported.
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Replaced bool32_t with VkBool32.
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Revision 40, 2015-07-10 (Ian Elliott)
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Updated to work with version 138 of the "vulkan.h" header. This includes declaring the VkSwapchainKHR type using the new VK_DEFINE_NONDISP_HANDLE macro, and no longer extending VkObjectType (which was eliminated).
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Revision 41 2015-07-09 (Mathias Heyer)
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Added color space language.
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Revision 42, 2015-07-10 (Daniel Rakos)
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Updated query mechanism to reflect the convention changes done in the core spec.
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Removed "queue" from the name of VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR to be consistent with the established naming convention.
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Removed reference to the no longer existing VkObjectType enum.
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Revision 43, 2015-07-17 (Daniel Rakos)
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Added support for concurrent sharing of swapchain images across queue families.
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Updated sample code based on recent changes
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Revision 44, 2015-07-27 (Ian Elliott)
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Noted that support for VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR is required. That is ICDs may optionally support IMMEDIATE and MAILBOX, but must support FIFO.
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Revision 45, 2015-08-07 (Ian Elliott)
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Corrected a typo in spec file (type and variable name had wrong case for the imageColorSpace member of the VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR struct).
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Corrected a typo in header file (last parameter in PFN_vkGetSurfacePropertiesKHR was missing "KHR" at the end of type: VkSurfacePropertiesKHR).
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Revision 46, 2015-08-20 (Ian Elliott)
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Renamed this extension and all of its enumerations, types, functions, etc. This makes it compliant with the proposed standard for Vulkan extensions.
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Switched from "revision" to "version", including use of the VK_MAKE_VERSION macro in the header file.
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Made improvements to several descriptions.
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Changed the status of several issues from PROPOSED to RESOLVED, leaving no unresolved issues.
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Resolved several TODOs, did miscellaneous cleanup, etc.
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Revision 47, 2015-08-20 (Ian Elliott—porting a 2015-07-29 change from James Jones)
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Moved the surface transform enums to VK_WSI_swapchain so they could be re-used by VK_WSI_display.
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Revision 48, 2015-09-01 (James Jones)
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Various minor cleanups.
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Revision 49, 2015-09-01 (James Jones)
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Restore single-field revision number.
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Revision 50, 2015-09-01 (James Jones)
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Update Example #4 to include code that illustrates how to use the oldSwapchain field.
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Revision 51, 2015-09-01 (James Jones)
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Fix example code compilation errors.
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Revision 52, 2015-09-08 (Matthaeus G. Chajdas)
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Corrected a typo.
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Revision 53, 2015-09-10 (Alon Or-bach)
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Removed underscore from SWAP_CHAIN left in VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR.
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Revision 54, 2015-09-11 (Jesse Hall)
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Described the execution and memory coherence requirements for image transitions to and from VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SOURCE_KHR.
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Revision 55, 2015-09-11 (Ray Smith)
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Added errors for destroying and binding memory to presentable images
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Revision 56, 2015-09-18 (James Jones)
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Added fence argument to vkAcquireNextImageKHR
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Added example of how to meter a host thread based on presentation rate.
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Revision 57, 2015-09-26 (Jesse Hall)
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Replace VkSurfaceDescriptionKHR with VkSurfaceKHR.
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Added issue 25 with agreed resolution.
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Revision 58, 2015-09-28 (Jesse Hall)
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Renamed from VK_EXT_KHR_device_swapchain to VK_EXT_KHR_swapchain.
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Revision 59, 2015-09-29 (Ian Elliott)
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Changed vkDestroySwapchainKHR() to return void.
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Revision 60, 2015-10-01 (Jeff Vigil)
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Added error result VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR.
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Revision 61, 2015-10-05 (Jason Ekstrand)
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Added the VkCompositeAlpha enum and corresponding structure fields.
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Revision 62, 2015-10-12 (Daniel Rakos)
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Added VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR.
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Revision 63, 2015-10-15 (Daniel Rakos)
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Moved surface capability queries to VK_EXT_KHR_surface.
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Revision 64, 2015-10-26 (Ian Elliott)
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Renamed from VK_EXT_KHR_swapchain to VK_KHR_swapchain.
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Revision 65, 2015-10-28 (Ian Elliott)
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Added optional pResult member to VkPresentInfoKHR, so that per-swapchain results can be obtained from vkQueuePresentKHR().
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Revision 66, 2015-11-03 (Daniel Rakos)
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Added allocation callbacks to create and destroy functions.
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Updated resource transition language.
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Updated sample code.
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Revision 67, 2015-11-10 (Jesse Hall)
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Add reserved flags bitmask to VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR.
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Modify naming and member ordering to match API style conventions, and so the VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR image property members mirror corresponding VkImageCreateInfo members but with an 'image' prefix.
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Make VkPresentInfoKHR::pResults non-const; it is an output array parameter.
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Make pPresentInfo parameter to vkQueuePresentKHR const.
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Revision 68, 2016-04-05 (Ian Elliott)
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Moved the "validity" include for vkAcquireNextImage to be in its proper place, after the prototype and list of parameters.
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Clarified language about presentable images, including how they are acquired, when applications can and cannot use them, etc. As part of this, removed language about "ownership" of presentable images, and replaced it with more-consistent language about presentable images being "acquired" by the application.
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2016-08-23 (Ian Elliott)
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Update the example code, to use the final API command names, to not have so many characters per line, and to split out a new example to show how to obtain function pointers. This code is more similar to the LunarG "cube" demo program.
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2016-08-25 (Ian Elliott)
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A note was added at the beginning of the example code, stating that it will be removed from future versions of the appendix.
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Revision 69, 2017-09-07 (Tobias Hector)
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Added interactions with Vulkan 1.1
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Revision 70, 2017-10-06 (Ian Elliott)
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Corrected interactions with Vulkan 1.1
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Document Notes
For more information, see the Vulkan Specification
This page is a generated document. Fixes and changes should be made to the generator scripts, not directly.


Source maps for CSS
I look amazing
DOM Explorer Improvements
Links in the DOM Explorer
Syntax coloring for LESS and SASS
Find references and go to definantion support!
Pretty print for HTML and CSS
Demo Index


Bjorn Johnson
I am a student at Bitney College Prep.
I like writing and Tech.
BubbaBitney
Resume
Portfolio


Mrs. Brown (1997) Billy Connolly, Judi Dench Rated PG, 4 and one half stars (out of five stars)
Review by Ed Johnson-Ott www.nuvo-online.com/film/
"Mrs. Brown" is one of the years best films; a charming, unconventional love story that is refreshing and utterly captivating. The film deals with the British monarchy, but rest assured, this is not one of those slow, staid period films. Rather, "Mrs. Brown" is a warm, graceful and often funny portrait of two very striking individuals.
Set in 1864, "Mrs. Brown" introduces us to a deeply depressed Queen Victoria. Three years after the death of her husband, the Queen (Judi Dench) is still mourning, forcing her family and staff to share her seclusion in Windsor. She adheres to her daily routine religiously, seeing no one but servants and relatives and avoiding all political matters.  Of course she's miserable, but it's a familiar misery, and that familiarity offers some solace. The staff, dreadfully tired of being "prisoners of the Queen's grief" and fearful of the political ramifications of her isolation, send for John Brown (Billy Connolly), the Highland equestrian caretaker of her Scottish retreat in Balmoral. Their hope is that Brown, a friend of her late husband's, can at least get her outside for periodic horse rides, a potential first step towards emergence from her self- imposed isolation.
Brown arrives at Windsor and makes an immediate impression. The brash Scotsman has his own ideas of how things should be done and refuses to let propriety stop him from speaking his mind. During their first meeting, he looks at her with alarm, stating "You look terrible, woman!" The Queen and staff are horrified at his impudence, but in short order, Victoria warms to Brown's bold, protective manner. The two become fast friends, with an unspoken, but obvious love that prompts scandalous talk in the sexually repressed nation. Victoria is soon dubbed "Mrs. Brown" by political wags, while the nation speculates on the true nature of the Queen's shocking relationship with this commoner.
The story, a blend of facts and speculation, allows director John Madden to present a detailed portrait of the era, while shrewdly satirizing the politics and manners of the time. But far more important is the extraordinary character study of Queen Victoria and John Brown. Dench and Connolly are magnificent, a wonderfully mismatched couple with amazing chemistry. Connolly is a marvel; a swaggering bull of a man who takes guff from no one. He speaks when he wants, drinks when he wants and is utterly devoted to her majesty. His impudent remarks, and the stunned reaction of the staff and family, provide some of the film's funniest moments. Dench is equally impressive as Queen Victoria. She is convincingly regal, yet totally human; a haughty, incredibly proper monarch who wants to savor life, but has no idea how to go about it.
The pairing of Connolly and Dench is sheer magic and deserves to be rewarded when the Oscar nominations roll around. Watching Victoria blossom through Brown's loving ministrations is exhilarating. One of the film's best scenes comes when Brown spirits Victoria away to visit a poor couple in the Highlands. The interactions between the four during their evening together leaves the viewer with an almost giddy feeling. The Queen's subsequent emergence from her shell is invigorating, a triumph of love and the human spirit over societal oppression. Director Madden also draws fine performances from the supporting cast, particularly Anthony Sher as Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. Achingly beautiful Scottish locations are used to great effect in conjunction with an excellent musical score. In fact, the film's only problem is that it had to come to an end.
So what was the true nature of Victoria and John Brown's relationship. We'll never know for sure, but consider this. Following Brown's death, Victoria maintained his room in pristine condition and placed a flower on his pillow every day until her death 18 years later.  Draw your own conclusions and don't miss this jewel of a movie.
Copyright 1997, Ed Johnson-Ott
MRS. BROWN Billy Connolly, Judi Dench Rated PG, 4 and one half stars
One of the years best films; a charming, unconventional love story that is refreshing and utterly captivating. Set in 1864, a Highland equestrian (Billy Connolly) is summoned to serve a gravely depressed Queen Victoria (Judi Dench). Dench and Connolly are magnificent, a wonderfully mismatched couple with amazing chemistry. Rest assured, this is not one of those slow, staid period films. Rather, "Mrs. Brown" is a warm, graceful and often funny portrait of two very striking individuals.
AIR FORCE ONE Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman, Glenn Close Rated R, 3 and one half stars
The President's plane is hijacked by terrorists in this entertaining "Die Hard" clone. The combination of extremely well-detailed lead characters and a constantly escalating sense of tension is what makes "Air Force One" succeed. Director Wolfgang Petersen is very good at creating winning action/thrillers out of preposterous scripts. "Air Force One" has holes in logic large enough to fly a plane through, but Petersen spins the tale so well that ultimately, it doesn't matter. Ford makes a great President and Oldman is effective as a Russian zealot.
FEMALE PERVERSIONS Tina Swinton, Amy Madigan, Paulina Porizkova Rated R, 4 stars.
Swinton plays a young lawyer on the fast track to success who becomes plagued with anxiety and misgivings, made worse by the arrest of her sister (Madigan). The film's fantasy sequences leave much to be desired, but the powerfully acted story effectively addresses fundamental questions about family, sex, and a woman's place in contemporary society.
GOOD BURGER Kel Mitchell, Kenan Thompson, Sinbad, Abe Vigoda Rated PG, 2 stars
Kiddie flick from Nickelodeon tells of two amiable goofballs and their misadventures in the fast food world. War erupts between the staff of Good Burger and rivals at the evil Mondo Burger that opens across the street. Adults will be bored silly, but the little ones should enjoy the familiar antics of Mitchell and Thompson.
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Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


job seekers
new Software Engineering Job Seekers: So you've finally started to look for a job or have a job already. Great! This is only the beginning of the journey...
Continuing Education
1. Dive into your next role.
The worst thing you can do is be worried about your next step before doing a great job where you are. Dive into it and be excited about coming to work everyday. If you can't find some aspect about your current place that you love and get excited about, it won't change at a different job.
2. Continue to learn
Another trap is to be complacent. This is a tough job but there barriers to entry are really low. Don't think that you can stop learning. I've experienced this firsthand. Since getting hired it can be tough to bring yourself to have the energy afterwork to read, learn, and blog more, but please push yourself. I've been reading books, such as 'Cracking the Coding Interview', 'Programming Pearls', and Data Structures and Algoriths in Python, to prepare for my future and to keep learning.
3. Contribute to open source
Contributing to open source is even better than resume, it shows that you love what you work on enough to work on it after work. I've been excited about maintaining my open source repos and adding features and helping document tools I've started to use already.
4. Attend groups and meetups
Since beginning to work, another trap is to go home and not take advantage of the great meetups and cultures available locally. You can meet great connections for future jobs as well as interesting people at meetups. I've gotten interviews, ones I certainly wasn't qualified for, simply by walking up to people at groups, inviting yourself to dinner, and making myself a part of the network.
Finding jobs
One of the most interesting and helpful aspects of the coding bootcamp process is that there are plenty of job resources and people that you can connect to instantly. I was hired where I work now primarily from within this network (from one of my cohort friends in fact) so it always pays to be kind and on good terms with all your connections.
1. Really dig deep into your own network.
Did deep. Every person you've ever met will need to be called upon throughout the process. I've been talking to many of the friends I had in college and graduate school, and many have been crucial to getting me interviews and helping me pursue opportunities. Be open with your needs and remember to thank them and let them know when you find something and return the favor.
a. Run each company through Linkedin and see who you know there, and directly ask for help.
I've often had the experience where I've never heard of a company, then ran the company through linkedin, and found that someone I know works there. The moment I've contacted my friend there, they were happy to help, even though we had not talked for years. Ultimately, I think people are happy to spread real opportunity and get people they are comfortable with rather than hit the open market. One ancedote I think of immediately is I had a friend mention shortly after they post a job nearly 150 resumes come within a day, but only 3 were through referral, and all three were indeed better suited, got interviews, and one was chosen. Be one of the three recommended. I can tell you that of my interviews and offers, a super majority of them came when I asked someone on the inside.
2. Expand your own network.
Recently after accepting a job offer, I proceeded to go into San Francisco, and meet with three people working at three different companies simply to discuss what they were doing and learn more about them. I told them I had a gig, and learned a bunch of the stuff I'm writing here. Addtionally, I had the chance to turn the tables and interview them. This may be optimistic, but in all honesty I don't think the companies like interviewing the way they do anyways. Some of the people I talked to mentioned that their subsequent jobs were offered through more informal interview means, and I think it makes a lot of sense.
3. Pay it forward.
Remember how hard your job search was when people come down the pipeline. I've met quite a few former bootcamp students as well as classically trained engineers and it's remarkable how quickly people can forget when they needed help and how they got to where they got. I will not and I intend to help as many people learn this industry. Ultimately, social networks are a tyranny ruled by it's weakest member (appropriated from Shaw).
4. Take a good offer. There may not be a great offer coming.
I have interviewed at big companies, at Github, at Uber, and Youtube, as well as numerous smaller companies. I utlimately chose Ziploop, the company I work for now, primarily because of the optimization of opportunity (Ziploop, where I'm the 4th engineer, gave me the opportunity to work fullstack from day one, and learn an entire codebase), as well as it was the only offer I had. I would recommend to anyone looking to take the offer they have, it's better to be working than looking, and I think you'll find great things about each opportunity. Breaking through to the first job is the hardest leap and it will be very tough for most.
Preparing for software engineering interviews:
Links for job seekers | Language characteristics
I wanted this space to be a location where I could post all the things that I'm reading as I prepare for my interviews... there has been a significant amount of preparation especially since many of the large companies I'm targeting really are steeped into deep computer science interview questions, so much so that even company representatives and my friends on the inside have been slipping me leads to get a chance. Here is a brief collection:
Here's something I keep in mind all the time.
How do you determine one outlying heavy ball using a scale only three times?


In order to register please provide and object containing username and password. The username must be unique!
The Request
The Response


Advanced BAT to EXE Converter
Advanced BAT to EXE Converter will flawlessly compile any batch file to EXE and includes very useful extended commands which are not available in normal batch files!
Advanced BAT to EXE Converter requires English(United States) selected in the Windows Control Panel for encryption functions during compile.
The compiled EXE will run on all Windows versions, configurations and languages after compiled.
Advanced Extended Batch File Commands Index
Add [Number1] [Number2]
ChangeColor [Integer_FGcolor(0-15)] [Int_BGcolor(0-15)]
BrowseFiles [ ??? Optional_File_Extention ] [ Optional_StartPath ]
BrowseFolder
CenterSelf
ClearColor
CloseWindow "Window_Title"
CursorHide
CursorShow
Divide [Number1] [Number2]
FastCMD [Slot(1-9)]
GenRandom [MaxInteger]
GetInput
GetLength [Text]
GetMasked
GetPercent [Number1] [Number2]
GreaterThan [Number1] [Number2]
Hideself
HideWindow "Window_Title"
LaunchSilent [Text_Filename] [Options(or "" )] [Int_WaitTillFinish(1or0)]
LessThan [Number1] [Number2]
LimitDecimal [DecimalNumber] [Integer_X]
Locate [Integer_Y(1-25)] [Int_X(1-80)]
LocateAt [Integer_Y(1-25)] [Int_X(1-80)]
MakeInteger [DecimalNumber]
MakeLower [Text]
MakeUpper [Text]
MouseCmd [ x1,y1,x2,y2 ]
Multiply [Number1] [Number2]
PaintBoxAt [Integer_Y] [Int_X] [Int_Height] [Int_Width] [Int_BGcolor(0-15)]
PaintScreen [Integer_BGcolor(0-15)]
PrintBox [Integer_Height] [Int_Width] [Int_BorderType(1or2)]
PrintBoxAt [Integer_Y] [Int_X] [Int_Height] [Int_Width] [Int_Border(1or2)]
PrintCenter [Text] [Integer_Y(1-25)] [Int_FGcolor(0-15)] [Int_BGcolor(0-15)]
PrintColor [Text] [Integer_FGcolor(0-15)] [Int_BGcolor(0-15)]
PrintColorAt [Text] [Int_Y] [Int_X] [Int_FGcolor(0-15)] [Int_BGcolor(0-15)]
PrintReturn
PrintSpace
ShadeBoxAt [Int_Y] [Int_X] [Int_Height] [Int_Width] [Int_ShadeType(1-4)]
ShowSelf
ShowWindow "Window_Title"
Subtract [Number1] [Number2]
Wait [Integer_Milliseconds]
NOTE - The Advanced Functions do NOT work for DOS compiled executables.
Extended Functions Usage
Tip #1 - You MUST use the prefix "rem " for the compiler to recognize the Advanced Commands. There must be only one space between REM and the Advanced Command or it will remain a COMMENT.
rem HideSelf
rem HideSelf
Tip #2 - Advanced Commands with the "At" suffix (graphical commands) will hide the console cursor.
The cursor is hidden so you can string graphical commands together without the cursor blinking on the screen.
You may want to use the CursorShow command after you use these commands.
Tips for using Advanced BAT to EXE Converter
Anti-virus software has become very sensitive in recent years. This software product is 100% clean and safe.
You may have a false positive on your newly created EXE. We work closely with security products to minimized false positives but they still happen.
Simply Google "Antivirus_Name submit false positive."
Upload your EXE on their web-form and they will verify that it is not malicious. They will update their definition files to remove the detection in about 48 hours.
Advanced BAT to EXE Converter PRO binaries are behind a pay-wall so there are less false positives.
Visual Studio 2019 even has issues with anti-virus false positives. Google "Visual Studio 2019 hello world anti-virus false positive."
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Anti-virus software has become very sensitive in recent years. This software product is 100% clean and safe.
You may have a false positive on your newly created EXE. We work closely with security products to minimized false positives but they still happen.
Simply Google "Antivirus_Name submit false positive."
Upload your EXE on their web-form and they will verify that it is not malicious. They will update their definition files to remove the detection in about 48 hours.
Advanced BAT to EXE Converter PRO binaries are behind a pay-wall so there are less false positives.
Visual Studio 2019 even has issues with anti-virus false positives. Google "Visual Studio 2019 hello world anti-virus false positive."
Graphical Enhancement Wizard
Steps to get started:
Why buy a License?
When you order:
User Agreement
"BDargo Software" cannot be held responsible for any damages to you ("The Software User")
or to your equipment or any other damages by using this program
("Advanced BAT to EXE Converter").
You may distribute the ("Advanced BAT to EXE Converter") Free installer anywhere you wish.
You may NOT distribute the Upgraded ("Advanced BAT to EXE Converter PRO") version installer.
When you Upgrade to the PRO version, it grants YOU the permission to use the full version of the software.
The compiled batch files created with the full version PRO package may be distributed to anyone, anywhere royalty free.
You may NOT allow other users who do not have a license, to use the software. Doing so will be a violation of the
User Agreement. You will lose permission to use the software and receive free upgrades to future versions.
You may NEVER distribute a modified version of this software package under any circumstances.
If you distribute a modified version of this software package you will be violating U.S.
copyright laws, will be prosecuted, and may face additional civil penalties.
If you do not agree to or understand this User Agreement, then you may not use this software package and
must uninstall and delete immediately.


Dan Osborne begs I'm A Celebrity fans to give Jacqueline Jossa 'a break'
Dan Osborne has asked I’m A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here! viewers to go easy on his wife Jacqueline Jossa after she was selected for another bushtucker trial.
In Saturday night’s episode Jacqueline and Ian Wright were chosen as the next pair to face a trial to collect stars for camp.
The former EastEnders star became very upset and had to be comforted by her camp mates as she said: ‘I don’t want to do this any more’.
Her husband took to Instagram and urged viewers to give her ‘a break’.
Dan, who married Jacqueline in 2015, said: ‘I know I said to you all vote for Jac because she ain’t here to change light bulbs. I didn’t mean every single trial. Give her a break now. Come on.
Advertisement Advertisement
‘She keeps smashing them all. She’s worried about it but she’ll smash it. She’ll keep proving everyone . And she’s doing it with Ian Wright as well which is good. He’ll look after her.
‘Let her do this one then just give her a break please. She’s getting upset now. It ain’t nice. But she’ll be good. She’ll smash it. She’ll get the stars, go back and have a nice dinner.’
He also had praise for reality TV star Caitlyn Jenner and radio DJ Adele Roberts.
‘We were just saying how great Caitlyn is and she’s smashing it. And Adele. Solid,’ Dan said in the Instagram video.
Jacqueline has smashed trials in the past, facing her worst fear of spiders and doing it in record time.
On Saturday it was Caitlyn’s turn for a trial, gamely chomping on a cow’s eye in a gruesome challenge.
Meanwhile Adele and Nadine Coyle were chosen to eat a cow’s anus. Despite retching, Nadine managed to scoff hers. Adele asked the other celebs to sing to encourage her and given the boost she managed to eat her anus too.
I’m A Celebrity continues tonight at 9pm on ITV.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


The text for the comment to send to YouTrack for linking back to this build. It defaults to the URL for the build and the revision id(s) for the change(s). Setting a text here overrides that.
The text you enter is executed as a Groovy script
There are two variables available: build and entries, where build is an object of type hudson.model.AbstractBuild
and entries is a list of hudson.scm.ChangeLogSet.Entry
objects. Therefore a template can be something like:
def result = "" result += "Related build: $build.absoluteUrl\n" entries.each { result += "[Change: ${it.commitId}|http://sourcecodebrowser?change=${it.commitId}]\n" } result


//= template/header.html
FrontEnd Boilerplate
is all-inclusive HTML5 starter with Gulp 4 task manager.
Repository homepage on GitHub


Find a Reviewer
View the results for an anonymize reviewer by selecting a survey submission time:
Don't see your results? Our analysis server is not currently active. Email Vinesh Kannan<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and we will update the website with the latest anonymous results.
Resume Reviewer Models
Decision Tree Classification
How to Read
- The tree does not represent how the reviewer made choices, just the attributes that most-cleanly split between their accepted and rejected resumes.
- Read the tree nodes from top to bottom for rules on how to classify resumes as accepted or rejected.
- Split nodes show the split criteria in the first line. Go left if the attribute is True and go right if the attribute is False.
- The gini value measures entropy at each node. The maximum entropy value is 0.5, indicating nodes with the same number of accepted and rejected resumes. Smaller entropy values indicate more decisive splits.
- The value property of each node shows how many resumes with that classification were: [accepted, rejected].
- The class label is set to accepted or rejected based on which of the two values is larger.
Figure 1. Decision tree for labeling a resume as accepted or rejected by the reviewer. Maximum number of splits = 3.
Association Rule Mining
How to Read
- The table shows resume attributes that frequently occurred in resumes the reviewer accepted or rejected.
- The metric supp(a) stands for support, measuring the proportion of resumes that showed this attribute or pair of attributes.
- The metric conf(a -> b) stands for confidence, measuring the proportion of cases that satisfy an association rule.
- Compare the confidence metrics for a -> b and b -> a. If they are different, the association is asymmetric.
- In this case, conf(a -> b) represents the proportion of resumes with attribute a that were accepted or rejected. The measure conf(b -> a) represents the proportion of accepted or rejected resumes that had attribute a.
- When conf(a -> b) is greater than conf(b -> a) for accepted, the attribute may be a preference or "nice-to-have" for the reviewer.
- The metric phi(a, b) stands for Phi correlation between the two attributes.
- The metric is(a, b) stands for IS score, a correlation measure adjusted for asymmetric binary (true/false) attributes.
- Phi and IS measure correlation, not causation. Values close to 0.0 indicate statistical independence, 1.0 indicates perfect positive correlation and -1.0 indicates perfect negative correlation.
Table 1. Association rule evaluation metrics for attributes frequently occurring with acceptance or rejection.


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Using CONSELF means entering a new mindset, a new philosophy of simulating. Therefore, in order to be able to read and understand the following tutorials, bear in mind the following key definitions:
Simulation: a mathematical procedure that allows to reproduce in a virtual environment - software - a physical behavior. Compared to laboratory tests, it is a quicker and cheaper process. Ultimately, simulations help engineers validate the hypothesis behind every design phase.
Case: any single test performed by using a simulation system.
Step: any single phase the user has to accomplish in order to run a complete case simulation.
Although each CASE simulation depends on the users’ needs, CONSELF defines an identical path for every simulation. This path is divided into the following STEPS:
Obviously, in order to perform a certain STEP all previous ones must be completed. Furthermore, it is possible to run multiple STEP from the same precursor (i.e. run multiple CFD by using the same mesh). For this reason, when starting a new STEP it is always required to link it to a precursor, as shown in the picture.
In the present manual, each of these steps are accurately described and displayed, with examples taken form CONSELF-run tutorials.
After having logged in, the CONSELF dashboard appears on screen. On the menu on the left side, the last entry is the Simulations tab. Click on it to be redirected to the simulations front page, shown in the following figure. There are three main sections: two in the upper part and one in the bottom part as also highlighted by the following image.
When defining a new case, the user is requested a certain number of inputs:
| Sector | Application name | Main features |
|---|---|---|
| CFD | GENERAL | Compressible and incompressible with steady and transient features. |
| CFD | TURBO - SRF PUMPS | Single reference frame (rotating) incompressible flow. Steady simulation for pumps. |
| CFD | OIL&GAS - FLOW WITH PARTICLES | Incompressible flow with with solid particles transported. |
| CFD | OIL&GAS - MULTIPHASE FLOW | Incompressible flow of two inmiscible species. |
| CFD | HVAC - PASSIVE SCALAR TRANSPORT | Passive scalar transport for compressible and incompressible flows. |
| MECH | STATIC - LINEAR ELASTIC | Mechanical simulation using an isotropic linear elastic material. |
| MECH | DYNAMIC - FREQUENCY | Modal analysis of an isotropic linear elastic material. |
Type the first part of the application name to filter the available choices.
On the right handside, it is possible to access previously created simulations which have not been erased yet. All the data are in fact stored using the cloud space available according to your active subscription.
It is possible also to have an overview of recent activities in the platform, i.e. finished steps and cases using the Activity button on top of this page. This button opens a further window which shows a list of recently submitted steps, with the information regarding each of them.
The bottom part of this page is actually peculiar because it gives quite a few information about the steps which are submitted to the system to be processed.
It is important to note that there is no limit of number of contemporary running steps a user can have, as long as there are sufficient credits.
CFD and FEM simulations are quite expensive in terms of storage resources. According to the subscription you are using, a limit is applied to the storage available to your user. If you filled the amount of storage available it is possible to:
Under the storage page, the user can find analytical data about his storage usage. At the same time it is possible to delete old cases by selecting them one by one. In this way you are removing non necessary data and you can free more storage space for future cases.
CONSELF guides you through the simulation literally step by step; in fact, in order to complete a simulation, the user has to go through several steps, each of which fulfills a precise task. Given the high flexibility of this method, users, less experienced as well, may take advantage of this philosophy of work: they have the ability to control the process, start over or modify what had previously been done. When a CASE is opened, a STEP interface is accessed, as shown in the picture below.
The application is generally divided into two sides:
A fundamental part of the application is given by the Steps completed button, which gives access to a detailed summary table of the performed steps within the current case. After clicking this button a new windows pops-up with one row for every step submitted in the current case.
The data available for each step are:
To discover the resolution of the most common error experienced when using CONSELF web-application check the error page.


Chinese smartphone maker Xiaomi makes foray into Japanese market
by Kazuaki NagataXiaomi Corp., the world’s fourth-largest maker of smartphones, is entering the Japanese market, embarking on a quest to win the hearts of iPhone-loving Japanese consumers.
Though late in joining the game, the timing may end up working well for the Beijing-based firm known for producing cost-effective electronics, as the Japanese mobile phone market has been undergoing some changes due to regulations implemented in October that could be disadvantageous for high-priced premium handsets.
“Xiaomi is finally entering Japan,” Steven Wang, general manager of Xiaomi in East Asia, said during a news conference in Tokyo on Monday.
Xiaomi, which has entered more than 90 markets worldwide, said it started taking orders online Monday for the Mi Note 10 smartphone series, Xiaomi’s latest high-end model equipped with five camera lenses and a monstrous 108-megapixel image sensor. Shipments will start later this month.
The Mi Note 10 and the Mi Note 10 Pro will be priced at ¥52,800 and ¥64,800, respectively, the company said.
Other than online sales, Wang did not provide sales channel details, such as whether it plans to sell them via Japanese carriers.
Xiaomi has established itself as one of the leading smartphone brands globally in less than a decade since its inception in 2010.
According to market research firm IDC, Xiaomi’s global market share was 9.1 percent as of the third quarter of this year, while Samsung Electronics Co. held 21.8 percent, Huawei Technologies Co. 18.6 percent and Apple Inc. 13 percent.
But the Japanese market has a different power balance, as Apple’s iPhones are hugely popular here.
In the first half of fiscal 2019, Apple’s smartphone share in Japan overwhelmed rivals with 44.6 percent, followed by Sharp Corp.’s 12.3 percent and Samsung’s 10.2 percent.
Some market watchers say Xiaomi, founded and run by Lei Jun — called China’s Steve Jobs — may have a tough time winning the hearts of iPhone users in Japan.
Yet the timing may also provide Xiaomi a good chance to grab a piece of the pie, as Japan’s smartphone market has seen some drastic changes in recent months because of pressure from the government to reduce data usage fees by facilitating competition.
The government has made it mandatory for carriers to clearly separate data fees and handset prices to enable users to see what they are paying for. It also ordered carriers to slash cancellation fees on two-year contracts to ¥1,000 from around ¥9,500.
The new rules also cap handset discounts at ¥20,000 to avoid excessive price cuts going to only certain devices.
This is where Xiaomi apparently wants to swoop in with its cost-effective smartphones, as the Mi Note 10 models cost roughly half of the latest iPhone models.
“We think that our value-for-money business model can bring big changes to the Japanese market,” said Wang.
The firm declared last year that it will cap its net profit margin from hardware products to 5 percent. Wang said Xiaomi can still make a profit due to economies of scale in addition to its internet businesses.
Xiaomi will roll out some nonsmartphone products in Japan this month, as well, including a smart wearable device and a rice cooker, he said.
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Collection Member Injection
Background
Sometimes you might have a class like this:
class HasFoos
{
public IList<Foo> FooCollection { get; } = new List<Foo>();
}
Note
Pay close attention to the way that the FooCollection
is declared here - in particular, that it is read-only -
this is a key part of Rezolver's automatic support for collection initialisers.
In C# world, you can create an instance of this class and add elements to that collection by leveraging collection initialisers.
So, instead of doing this:
var hasFoos = new HasFoos();
hasFoos.FooCollection.Add(new Foo(1));
hasFoos.FooCollection.Add(new Foo(2));
hasFoos.FooCollection.Add(new Foo(3));
You can do this:
var hasFoos = new HasFoos() {
FooCollection = {
new Foo(1),
new Foo(2),
new Foo(3)
}
};
The two approaches, whilst syntactically different, actually perform the same function - a collection initialiser
binds to a publicly accessible Add
method and calls it repeatedly for each item in the initialiser on the newly
created object before the resulting object is returned to you.
As the documentation referenced above explains, in addition to a compliant Add
method, the other prerequisite
is that the type supports IEnumerable.
Rezolver's rules
If you are binding members in Rezolver using one of the standard behaviours, for example the BindAllMembersBehaviour behaviour, then the requirements for a member to be considered for automatic collection binding are as follows:
- It must be a public read-only property
- Its type must implement
IEnumerable<T>
- Its type must have a publicly accessible
void Add
method which accepts a single parameter whose type is equal to the element type of itsIEnumerable<T>
interface
Note
In C#, inherited interface methods, such as ICollection<T>.Add(T)
and the like are also considered
to be candidates for collection initialisation.
Currently Rezolver doesn't support this, but issue #71 is tracking that as a bug for future implementation.
Luckily, this means that all the most common collection types used in .Net applications (List<T>
, IList<T>
, Collection<T>
etc)
are automatically supported.
But Rezolver is not limited only to 'recognised' collection types - if you write your own custom collection type, then, so long as it satisfies requirements 2 & 3 above, Rezolver can inject items into that as well.
Resolving IEnumerable<T>
is required
When Rezolver performs collection injection, it does so by resolving an IEnumerable<T>
from the container to
get the elements that are to be added to the collection. To determine the element type of the enumerable that
is resolved, Rezolver simply matches the IEnumerable<T>
that is supported by the member's type.
Since Rezolver, by default, supports automatic enumerable injection, all you have to do is add registrations for that element type and Rezolver will automatically expose those registrations as elements in the enumerable which will then be injected into the collection exposed by the member.
Note
As the enumerable documentation linked above details, Rezolver's enumerables also match individual
registrations covariantly, so requesting an instance of IEnumerable<MyBase>
, for example, will actually
yield an enumerable containing all instances from any registration made against a type that derives from
MyBase
.
By default, also, if you don't have any registrations for a given element type, Rezolver will simply yield empty enumerables for those types instead of throwing an error.
Tip
As detailed in the enumerable documentation - you can still provide explicit registrations for any concrete
IEnumemrable<T>
type if you have an enumerable which must be built in a specific way.
Why only read-only properties?
When a property is writable, Rezolver's standard behaviours will assume that you want that property to be injected by assignment rather than by adding to it. You can still inject them using the standard behaviours - but any items that might have been automatically placed in the collection when the owning type was created will be lost.
Tip
Later in this topic, you'll see how you can use the fluent API to instruct Rezolver to bind a writable collection property using collection injection, instead of assignment injection.
Of course, by default, Rezolver can also build instances of classes such as List<T>
, IList<T>
, Collection<T>
etc, so in many cases, injection-by-assignment will still often work.
Examples
Automatic Injection
We start with a simple class that has a readonly IList<T>
member, much like the one introduced at the top of
this page, except it initalises its collection with a single item from the get-go:
public class HasInjectableCollection
{
// Collection is exposed through a read-only property
// It's also important that it is initialised, otherwise a
// NullReferenceException *will* occur in 1.3.2
public IList<IMyService> Services { get; } = new List<IMyService>() { new MyService1() };
}
Now we can register the types MyService2
and MyService3
under their native types and, because, by default,
Rezolver will match registrations for any type compatible with T
when resolving an IEnumerable<T>
, they will
be added into the Services
list when a HasInjectableCollection
instance is constructed.
Note that we are using the aforementioned BindAll behaviour when we register the type. We could also have used the BindProperties behaviour to achieve the same result.
var container = new Container();
// this example also shows enumerable covariance in action
container.RegisterType<MyService2>();
container.RegisterType<MyService3>();
container.RegisterType<HasInjectableCollection>(MemberBindingBehaviour.BindAll);
var result = container.Resolve<HasInjectableCollection>();
Assert.Equal(3, result.Services.Count);
Assert.IsType<MyService1>(result.Services[0]);
Assert.IsType<MyService2>(result.Services[1]);
Assert.IsType<MyService3>(result.Services[2]);
Custom Generic Collection Type
As mentioned earlier, Rezolver supports custom collection types for member injection, so long as the type obeys a few simple rules. Here's perhaps the simplest generic collection type we can create:
public class CustomCollection<T> : IEnumerable<T>
{
List<T> innerList = new List<T>();
public void Add(T item)
{
innerList.Add(item);
}
public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
{
return innerList.GetEnumerator();
}
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
{
return GetEnumerator();
}
}
And then we have a generic type which has one of these as a member and which, by default, always adds a default
instance of type T
to that collection (so all our tests will verify that this item is still present after
injecting):
public class HasCustomCollection<T>
{
public CustomCollection<T> List { get; } = new CustomCollection<T>() { default(T) };
}
Now let's use it to inject some numbers and strings:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterObject(1);
container.RegisterObject(2);
container.RegisterObject(3);
container.RegisterObject("oh, ");
container.RegisterObject("hello");
container.RegisterObject("world!");
container.RegisterType(typeof(HasCustomCollection<>),
memberBinding: MemberBindingBehaviour.BindAll);
var hasInts = container.Resolve<HasCustomCollection<int>>();
var hasStrings = container.Resolve<HasCustomCollection<string>>();
// remember - a default(T) instance is added on construction
Assert.Equal(new[] { 0, 1, 2, 3 }, hasInts.List);
Assert.Equal(new[] { null, "oh, ", "hello", "world!" }, hasStrings.List);
Explicit Injection (fluent API)
If you're reading this documentation in topic-order then you won't yet have come across the fluent member binding API, so you might want to skip ahead to that topic and then come back - this section is linked from there.
When using the fluent API - which operates an opt-in approach to member binding - if you mark a read-only collection
member like those shown above for binding with the Bind()
extension method, then it will be bound as a collection:
var behaviour = MemberBindingBehaviour.For<MyClass>()
.Bind(o => o.CollectionMember)
.BuildBehaviour();
As described earlier, if a collection property is declared as read/write, then collection binding doesn't happen - the container will instead attempt to resolve an instance of the collection type and write the result to the member.
However, the fluent API allows you to explicitly set a bound member as requiring collection injection, through the AsCollection overload:
- AsCollection() tells Rezolver to use collection injection with no customisation
- AsCollection(Type) lets you specify the element type of the enumerable to resolve
- AsCollection(Type[]) lets you explicitly provide the types to resolve for each element
- AsCollection(ITarget[]) lets you provide individual targets whose results will be used as elements
So let's re-do part of the previous CustomCollection
example and show how you to use 4) to inject a specific
set of values instead of relying on those which are registered in the container:
var container = new Container();
// these will be ignored
container.RegisterObject(1);
container.RegisterObject(2);
container.RegisterObject(3);
// can't use the fluent API on open generics
container.RegisterType<HasCustomCollection<int>>(mb =>
mb.Bind(hcc => hcc.List).AsCollection(
Target.ForObject(10),
Target.ForObject(11),
Target.ForObject(12)));
var result = container.Resolve<HasCustomCollection<int>>();
Assert.Equal(new[] { 0, 10, 11, 12 }, result.List);
Tip
Remember that manually creating targets doesn't necessarily mean that you have to step outside of normal container operation. For example, if you provide a DelegateTarget which wraps a delegate that has one or more parameters, then Rezolver will automatically inject arguments to that delegate!
As intimated earlier, however, one of the primary reasons for using the AsCollection method is to instruct Rezolver to use collection injection even when the property is writable. Whether it's a good idea for a type to have a writable property exposing a collection that it also creates and initialises by default is outside the scope of this documentation. The point is, it's possible, and it might well apply to you.
So, here's a slight reworking of the HasCustomCollection<T>
type that makes its List
member writable:
public class HasWritableCustomCollection<T>
{
public CustomCollection<T> List { get; set; } = new CustomCollection<T>() { default(T) };
}
And here we can see that, by default, this type can no longer be created by the container, when member binding is
enabled, without a registration for the collection type used by the List
member, as the Assert.ThrowsAny(...)
call proves:
var container = new Container();
// will make no difference
container.RegisterObject(1);
container.RegisterType<HasWritableCustomCollection<int>>(MemberBindingBehaviour.BindAll);
// if instead we repeated this with HasCustomCollection, we'd just get an instance
// whose list only contained the default item that was added in the constructor.
Assert.ThrowsAny<InvalidOperationException>(
() => container.Resolve<HasWritableCustomCollection<int>>());
But this is easily rectified with the fluent API's AsCollection()
method:
var container = new Container();
container.RegisterObject(1);
container.RegisterType<HasWritableCustomCollection<int>>(mb =>
mb.Bind(hwcc => hwcc.List).AsCollection());
var result = container.Resolve<HasWritableCustomCollection<int>>();
Assert.Equal(new[] { 0, 1 }, result.List);
Explicit (ListMemberBinding
)
If you're writing your own IMemberBindingBehaviour
implementation, as shown in the
'custom behaviours' topic, then you can still leverage collection injection.
Simply create an instance of the ListMemberBinding class - providing:
- MemberInfo of the member to be bound
- An ITarget representing the enumerable value whose elements are to be added to the collection
- A Type representing the element type of the underlying enumerable
- A MethodInfo of the instance method that is to be called to add items to the collection
And Rezolver will do the rest.
We'll add an example to cover this scenario in the future, however, if you're in the position where you need to use this API, then you probably don't it, as you're quite a long way down the rezolver rabbit hole already!
Now you know the support that Rezolver has for collection injection, it's time to look at to build custom member binding behaviours with the fluent API.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load bootstrap3 %} {% block title %}Sign in{% endblock %} {% block content %}
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WITNESS LIST Appropriations-S/C on Health & Human Services Committee (Subcommittee on Health and Human Services) February 13, 2001-8:00A Budget For: Boice, Peggy (United Way) Damsgaard, Mary (Self) Higgins, Carlos (Texas Silver-Haired Legislation) Horton, Colleen (Texas Advocates Supporting Kids with Disabilities) On: Cooke, Jason (Texas Health and Human Services Commission) Genco, Frank (Texas Council for Developmental Disabilities) Gilbert, Don (Health and Human Services Commission) Loyd, Jim (Texas Health Care Information Council) Murphree, Susan (Advocacy Inc.)


|
If you are interested in presenting in a track, please contact Timothy O'Conner at<PHONE_NUMBER> Thank you for visiting and we hope to see you there! - MetroCon Committee © Copyright 2013 IEEE |
|
Welcome to MetroCon 2013! MetroCon is an annual engineering conference hosted by IEEE-Fort Worth. The conference's aim is to educate engineers in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex on the latest developments in science, engineering, and technology. MetroCon attracts over 200 area engineers and technical managers. |
|
Comprehensive Engineering ConferenceMetrocon 2013 will include six parallel tracks, and is already looking to include one of the strongest programs ever! Attendees will have the opportunity to rapidly grasp the technical and societal implications of some of the most promising and innovative new developments and ideas. Each track has been organized into well coordinated morning and afternoon sessions designed to achieve maximum exposure in minimum time. Returning Tracks
|


This graph reflects the total number of tokens claimed for this realm,
grouped by UTC day.
Claimed
This line tracks the total number of tokens claimed. Tokens can only
be claimed by the end user using the API. Typically the iOS or Android
application is responsible for claiming the token.
Invalid
This line tracks the total number of tokens that were rejected by the
system. This includes tokens that were incorrectly entered
(typographical error) and tokens that have expired.
Inferring this data
-
A high number of invalid tokens could indicate a problem with your
mobile app or certificate configuration.


/**
* Client Module
* @description The client module is the entry point for our SDK.
* It holds a Promise-based authentication method
* ([connect]{@link client#connect}) as well as
* allowing for raw use of the resources (without authentication).
* @module client
*/
import {
assocPath,
curry,
merge,
map,
ifElse,
is,
} from 'ramda'
import strategies from './strategies'
import resources from '../resources'
const bindOptions = options => func => func.bind(null, options)
const bindRecursive = options => ifElse(
is(Function),
bindOptions(options),
resource => map(bindRecursive(options), resource)
)
/**
* Binds the `options` and `version` received as param
* to the client's resources.
*
* @param {Object} options
* @param {Object} version
* @returns A version of resources with its methods' first param binded to `options`
* and sets the header 'X-PagarMe-Version' to the version passed as param
*/
const withVersion = curry((options, version) => {
const optionsWithVersion = assocPath(
['headers', 'X-PagarMe-Version'],
version,
options
)
const boundClientWithVersion = map(bindRecursive(optionsWithVersion), resources)
return boundClientWithVersion
})
/**
* Binds the `options` received as param
* to the client's resources.
* @private
*
* @param {Object} options
* @returns A version of resources with its methods' first param binded to `options`
*/
function bindClientOptions ({ options, authentication }) {
const boundClient = map(bindRecursive(options), resources)
return merge(
boundClient,
{
authentication,
withVersion: withVersion(options),
}
)
}
/**
* Returns a version of client with
* authentication data binded to the
* resource requests.
*
* @example
* // API Key Authentication
* pagarme.client.connect({ api_key: 'ak_test_y7jk294ynbzf93' })
*
* // Encryption Key Authentication
* pagarme.client.connect({ encryption_key: 'ek_test_y7jk294ynbzf93' })
*
* // Login Authentication
* pagarme.client.connect({ email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>password: '123456' })
*
* @param {Object} authentication
* @returns {Promise} A Promise that resolves to a client with authentication data binded
*/
function connect (authentication) {
return strategies
.find(authentication)
.then(s => s.execute())
.then(bindClientOptions)
}
const client = merge({ connect }, resources)
export default client
|


Modulation at each frequency
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 5
User 6
User 7
User 8
User 9
User 10
Fixed Tx. Power: -10 dBm


CrimPapers
Articles published on 21 May 2020
On 21 May 2020, 7 new articles were published in 7 journals.
Peeling Back the Layers of Organised Crime in Local Communities: Integrating Data and Analyses to Strengthen the Narrative
When Valerie Solanas Shot Andy Warhol: A Feminist Tale of Madness and Revolution
The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia by Alexei Anisin
Coercive Control During Pregnancy, Birthing and Postpartum: Women’s Experiences and Perspectives on Health Practitioners’ Responses
How Universal Is Disproportionate Minority Contact? An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Processing Across Four States by Steven N. Zane, Daniel P. Mears, Brandon C. Welsh
Have State Supreme Court Elections Nationalized? by Aaron Weinschenk, Mandi Baker, Zoe Betancourt, Vanessa Depies, Nathan Erck, Quinne Herolt, Amanda Loehrke, Cameron Makurat, Hannah Malmberg, Clarice Martell, Jared Novitzke, Bradley Riddle, Tara Sellen, Leah Tauferner, Emily Zilliox
Who Are the Enforcers? the Motives and Methods of Muscle For Hire in West Scotland and the West Midlands


I'm a full-stack developer as well as graphic and web designer based in Kigali, Rwanda.
During the day I work on improving my skills. While during the evenings I spend my time working on freelance projects or building my own projects.
My most recent project is called 'Tracks'. it's a simple yet powerful project that keep tracks of students attendance.
There's nothing I enjoy more than developing and designing good websites for people.
I've spent some time trying to perfect what I do and while I'll never be perfect, I do my best to come close.
If you've got a project you'd like to work on with me just get in touch and we can get started!
Github Search is an application that connects users to github accounts to view profile summary and their repositories
City Info is an application that helps you to get information about a particular city or state.
Tracks is an application that helps an administration to keep tracks of their school activities mainly attendance of students.
Instagram PH2 is an application that connects users to view video and picture as they can leave their comments or likes
Way Farer is an online bus booking where users can book a bus to their destination.
Neighborhood is an application that helps users to know different business that are happening in a certain place or location.


Patient complained about heart arrhythmia while taking predisnone. Have recommended reducing doasge to 5 mg daily.
Patient health history including previous operations.


Connect to a running H2O instance.
h2o.connect(ip = "localhost", port = 54321, strict_version_check = TRUE, proxy = NA_character_, https = FALSE, insecure = FALSE, username = NA_character_, password = NA_character_, cookies = NA_character_, context_path = NA_character_, config = NULL)
| ip | Object of class |
|---|---|
| port | Object of class |
| strict_version_check | (Optional) Setting this to FALSE is unsupported and should only be done when advised by technical support. |
| proxy | (Optional) A |
| https | (Optional) Set this to TRUE to use https instead of http. |
| insecure | (Optional) Set this to TRUE to disable SSL certificate checking. |
| username | (Optional) Username to login with. |
| password | (Optional) Password to login with. |
| cookies | (Optional) Vector(or list) of cookies to add to request. |
| context_path | (Optional) The last part of connection URL: http://<ip>:<port>/<context_path> |
| config | (Optional) A |
an instance of H2OConnection
object representing a connection to the running H2O instance.
# NOT RUN { library(h2o) # Try to connect to a H2O instance running at http://localhost:54321/cluster_X # If not found, start a local H2O instance from R with the default settings. #h2o.connect(ip = "localhost", port = 54321, context_path = "cluster_X") # Or #config = list(ip = "localhost", port = 54321, context_path = "cluster_X") #h2o.connect(config = config) # Skip strict version check during connecting to the instance #h2o.connect(config = c(strict_version_check = FALSE, config)) # }


--- layout: home title: Home ---
Build Apple-targeted software of any size, quickly and reliably, just as engineers do at Google.
Get StartedTulsi integrates Bazel (Google's build tool) with Apple's Xcode IDE.
Tulsi is currently in Beta but is broadly used within Google. There are still some functional limitations, but we believe that Tulsi is stable enough for production use. The Tulsi team monitors and responds actively to bug reports from users.


Display resolution of 1280×720 or higher is recommended.
| Metric | Value (Mean ± s.e.m.) |
|---|---|
| X velocity [pixel/frame] | |
| Y velocity [pixel/frame] | |
| Velocity angle (-90 to 270) [deg] | |
| Speed [pixel/frame] |
Mean ± standard error of mean is shown in each graph.
Semi-transparent bands indicate standard error of mean.