Methods
- backtrace_cleaner
- cache
- configuration
- configuration=
- env
- initialized=
- initialized?
- logger
- public_path
- public_path=
- root
- version
Classes and Modules
Module Rails::GeneratorClass Rails::Configuration
Class Rails::Initializer
Class Rails::SecretKeyGenerator
Public Class methods
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 43 43: def backtrace_cleaner 44: @@backtrace_cleaner ||= begin 45: # Relies on ActiveSupport, so we have to lazy load to postpone definition until AS has been loaded 46: require 'rails/backtrace_cleaner' 47: Rails::BacktraceCleaner.new 48: end 49: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 59 59: def cache 60: RAILS_CACHE 61: end
The Configuration instance used to configure the Rails environment
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 19 19: def configuration 20: @@configuration 21: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 23 23: def configuration=(configuration) 24: @@configuration = configuration 25: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 55 55: def env 56: @_env ||= ActiveSupport::StringInquirer.new(RAILS_ENV) 57: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 31 31: def initialized=(initialized) 32: @initialized ||= initialized 33: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 27 27: def initialized? 28: @initialized || false 29: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 35 35: def logger 36: if defined?(RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER) 37: RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER 38: else 39: nil 40: end 41: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 67 67: def public_path 68: @@public_path ||= self.root ? File.join(self.root, "public") : "public" 69: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 71 71: def public_path=(path) 72: @@public_path = path 73: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 51 51: def root 52: Pathname.new(RAILS_ROOT) if defined?(RAILS_ROOT) 53: end
[ show source ]
# File vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb, line 63 63: def version 64: VERSION::STRING 65: end


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|
Bitstream Interpretation Library (BIL)
0.1
|
Contains functions for printing PIPs and primitive site configurations. More...
Go to the source code of this file.
Namespaces | |
| namespace | bil |
Macros | |
| #define | BIL_CFGPRINT_HPP |
Functions | |
| void | bil::printPIPs (const PIPRefs &pipRefs, const Device &device, std::ostream &outputStream) |
| Prints out the given PIPs as a text list. |
Contains functions for printing PIPs and primitive site configurations.
Definition in file CfgPrint.hpp.
| #define BIL_CFGPRINT_HPP |
Definition at line 8 of file CfgPrint.hpp.


Now check your headers are working:
- For the file autoUnsuper.csv: print the file, adding in ",>dom" on line one and ",x" on all other lines where "x" is the domination score (discussed below).
- Print all the the ranges in
sorted by the mean dom score of the rows with those ranges.
➜ src git:(master) ✗ weather | lua demo | sort -n
➜ src git:(master) ✗ weatherLong | lua demo | sort -n
Background : Dom
Zitler's indictor-based domination score is a handy aggregation
function for multipe numeric goals. As we define it, it converts
multiple numeric goals (that we want to minimize or maximize)
into one valie 0 to 1 where 1'' is comparatively better
on most
goals
while
0'' is comparatively worse.
For example, here are some rows of auto.csv:
%cylinders displacement horsepower <weight >acceltn model origin >mpg
8 340:360 150:160 3609 8 70:70 1 10
6 198:225 83:86 2587 16 70:70 1 20
8 383:455 165:230 4425 10 70:70 1 10
8 302:305 120:140 3449 10.5 70:70 1 20
6 198:225 92:97 2833 15.5 70:70 1 20
8 383:455 165:230 3850 8.5 70:70 1 20
4 104:114 92:97 2372 15 70:70 3 20
4 104:114 92:97 2375 17.5 70:70 2 30
8 340:360 165:230 3693 11.5 70:70 1 20
....
From the first row, we see we want to minimize weight and maximize acceleration and mpg. From the other rows, we see that some discretizer has gotten to the displacement and horsepower values are replaced them with some string describing a range e.g.lo:hi = 340:360.
Here's the same data, with dom
score added. Shown here are the 5 best and worst rows.
%cylinders displacement horsepower <weight >acceltn model origin >mpg >dom
8 383:455 165:230 4746 12 71:71 1 10 0
8 383:455 165:230 4951 11 72:73 1 10 0
8 383:455 165:230 4952 11.5 72:73 1 10 0
8 383:455 165:230 4955 11.5 71:71 1 10 0
8 383:455 165:230 5140 12 71:71 1 10 0
8 383:455 165:230 4354 9 70:70 1 10 0.01
8 383:455 165:230 4425 10 70:70 1 10 0.01
8 383:455 165:230 4464 11.5 71:71 1 10 0.01
8 383:455 165:230 4735 11 72:73 1 10 0.01
8 383:455 165:230 4906 12.5 72:73 1 10 0.01
.. ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ...
4 85:91 69:72 2070 18.6 78:78 3 40 0.98
4 85:91 ? 1835 17.3 80:80 2 40 0.98
4 68:85 46:65 1825 18.6 77:77 2 40 0.99
4 68:85 69:72 1613 18 71:71 3 40 0.99
4 85:91 46:65 2335 23.7 80:80 2 40 0.99
4 85:91 46:65 1968 18.8 80:80 3 40 1.0
4 85:91 46:65 1975 19.4 81:81 3 40 1.0
4 85:91 46:65 1985 21.5 78:78 2 40 1.0
4 85:91 46:65 2085 21.7 80:80 2 40 1.0
4 96:97 46:65 2130 24.6 82:82 2 40 1.0
Observe that the highest dom scores are assocaited wiht rows with least weight, most acceleration and most mpg (and the lowest dom scores are associated with the reverse).
To compute the dom score for a row, we has how many other rows does this dominate. According to Zilter, X dominates Y if when we move from X to Y we loss less than when we move from Y to X. For the definition of that domination score:


Finger licking food delivered at your doorstep.
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View food offers of the day the menus available a combination of traditional foods avaibale you can also order food to suite your choice and preferences
Choose the subscription plan that best fits your needs and sign up today for daily, weekly and monthly offers
Order your delicious meal using our site. Or you can even call us and Enjoy your meal after less than 20 minutes. See you the next time!


LossScale
Loss scale base class.
tf.compat.v1.train.experimental.LossScale
tf.compat.v2.train.experimental.LossScale
Loss scaling is a process that multiplies the loss by a multiplier called the loss scale, and divides each gradient by the same multiplier. The pseudocode for this process is:
loss = ... loss *= loss_scale grads = gradients(loss, vars) grads /= loss_scale
Mathematically, loss scaling has no effect, but can help avoid numerical underflow in intermediate gradients when float16 tensors are used for mixed precision training. By multiplying the loss, each intermediate gradient will have the same multiplier applied.
Instances of this class represent a loss scale. Calling instances of this
class returns the loss scale as a scalar float32 tensor, while method
update()
updates the loss scale depending on the values of the gradients.
Optimizers use instances of this class to scale loss and gradients.
__init__
__init__()
Initializes the loss scale class.
__call__
__call__()
Returns the current loss scale as a scalar float32
tensor.
from_config
@classmethod from_config( cls, config )
Creates the LossScale from its config.
get_config
get_config()
Returns the config of this loss scale.
update
update(grads)
Updates the value of the loss scale.
The loss scale will be potentially updated, based on the value of grads
.
The tensor returned by calling this class is only updated when this function
is evaluated.
In eager mode, this directly updates the loss scale, so that calling
__call__
will return the newly updated loss scale. In graph mode,
this returns an op that, when evaluated, updates the loss scale.
This function also returns a should_apply_gradients
bool. If False,
gradients should not be applied to the variables that step, as nonfinite
gradients were found, and the loss scale has been be updated to reduce the
chance of finding nonfinite gradients in the next step. Some loss scale
classes will always return True, as they cannot adjust themselves in
response to nonfinite gradients.
When a DistributionStrategy is used, this function may only be called in a cross-replica context.
grads
: A nested structure of unscaled gradients, each which is the
gradient of the loss with respect to a weight. The gradients should have
already been divided by the loss scale being before passed to this
function. 'None' gradients are accepted, and are ignored.update_op
: In eager mode, None. In graph mode, an op to update the loss
scale.should_apply_gradients
: Either a bool or a scalar boolean tensor. If
False, the caller should skip applying grads
to the variables this
step.


PrePubMed indexed preprints for 2 years from arXiv q-bio, PeerJ Preprints, bioRxiv, F1000Research, preprints.org, The Winnower, Nature Precedings, and Wellcome Open Research. More information can be found at the Help page.
Jordan Anaya
Anaya J
Anaya J cancer TCGA
"prognostic genes"
Anaya J [au]
cancer AND TCGA
peptide OR protein
Berkeley


| I l@ve RuBoard |
This section specifically addresses issues that focus on performance. In general the stream classes should be pretty efficient, but performance can be improved further in applications in which I/O is performance critical.
One performance issue was mentioned in Section 13.2.3, already: You should only include those headers that are necessary to compile your code. In particular, you should avoid including <iostream> if the standard stream objects are not used.
By default, the eight C++ standard streams (the four narrow character streams cin, cout, cerr, and clog, and their wide-character counterpart) are synchronized with the corresponding files from the C standard library (stdin, stdout, and stderr). By default clog and wclog use the same stream buffer as cerr and wcerr respectively. Thus, they are also synchronized with stderr by default, although there is no direct counterpart in the C standard library.
Depending on the implementation, this synchronization might imply some often unnecessary overhead. For example, if the standard C++ streams are implemented using the standard C files, this basically inhibits buffering in the corresponding stream buffers. However, the buffer in the stream buffers is necessary for some optimizations especially during formatted reading (see Section 13.14.2). To allow switching to a better implementation, the static member function sync_with_stdio() is defined for the class ios_base (Table 13.46).
| Static Function | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sync_with_stdio() | Returns whether the standard stream objects are synchronized with standard C streams |
| Sync_with_stdio(false) | Disables the synchronization of C++ and C streams provided it is called before any I/O |
sync_with_stdio() takes an optional Boolean value as argument that determines whether the synchronization with the standard C streams should be turned on. Thus, to turn the synchronization off you have to pass false as the argument:
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); // disable synchronization
Note that you have to disable the synchronization before any other I/O operation. Calling this function after any I/O has occurred results in implementation-defined behavior.
The function returns the previous value with which the function was called. If not called before, it always returns true to reflect the default setup of the standard streams.
Buffering I/O is important for efficiency. One reason for this is that system calls are, in general, relatively expensive and it pays to avoid them if possible. There is, however, another more subtle reason in C++ for doing buffering in stream buffers, at least for input: The functions for formatted I/O use stream buffer iterators to access the streams, and operating on stream buffer iterators is slower than operating on pointers. The difference is not that big, but it is sufficient to justify improved implementations for frequently used operations like formatted reading of numeric values. However, for such improvements it is essential that stream buffers are buffered.
Thus, all I/O is done using stream buffers, which implement a mechanism for buffering. However, it is not sufficient to rely solely on this buffering because there arc three aspects that conflict with effective buffering:
It is often simpler to implement stream buffers without buffering. If the corresponding streams are not used frequently or are only used for output (for output the difference between stream buffer iterators and pointers is not as bad as for input; the main problem is comparing stream buffer iterators), buffering is probably not that important. However, for stream buffers that are used extensively, buffering should definitely be implemented.
The flag unitbuf causes output streams to flush the stream after each output operation. Correspondingly, the manipulators flush and endl also flush the stream. For the best performance all three should probably be avoided. However, when writing to the console, for example, it is probably still reasonable to flush the stream after writing complete lines. If you are stuck with a program that makes heavy use of unitbuf, flush, or endl, you might consider using a special stream buffer that does not use sync() to flush the stream buffer but uses some other function that is called when appropriate.
Tieing streams with the tie() function (see Section 13.10.1,) also results in additional flushing of streams. Thus, streams should only be tied if it is really necessary.
When implementing new stream buffers, it may be reasonable to implement them without buffering first. Then, if the stream buffer is identified as a bottleneck, it is still possible to implement buffering without affecting anything in the remainder of the application.
All member functions of the class basic_istream and basic_ostream that read or write characters operate according to the same schema: First, a corresponding sentry object is constructed, then the actual operation is performed. The construction of the sentry object results in flushing of potentially tied objects, skipping of whitespace (for input only), and implementation-specific operations like locking in multithreaded environments (see Section 13.12.4).
For unformatted I/O, most of the operations are normally useless anyway. Only the locking operation might be useful if the streams are used in multithreaded environments (note that the C++ standard does not address multithreading). Thus, when doing unformatted I/O it is normally much better to use stream buffers directly.
To support this behavior, you can use operators << and >> with stream buffers as follows:
By passing a pointer to a stream buffer to operator <<, you can output all input of its device. This is probably the fastest way to copy files by using C++ I/O streams. For example:
// io/copy1.cpp #include <iostream> int main() { // copy all standard input to standard output std::cout << std::cin.rdbuf(); }
Here, rdbuf() yields the buffer of cin (see page 638). Thus, the program copies all standard input to standard output.
By passing a pointer to a stream buffer to operator >>, you can read directly into a stream buffer.
For example, you could also copy all standard input to standard output in the following way:
// io/copy2.cpp #include <iostream> int main() { // copy all standard input to standard output std::cin >> std::cout.rdbuf(); }
Note that you have to clear the flag skipws. Otherwise, leading whitespace of the input is skipped.
Even for formatted I/O it may be reasonable to use stream buffers directly. For example, if lots of numeric values are read in a loop, it is sufficient to construct just one sentry object that exists for the whole time the loop is executed. Then, within the loop, whitespace is skipped manually (using the ws manipulator would also construct a sentry object) and then the facet num_get (see Section 14.4.1,) is used for reading the numeric values directly.
Note that a stream buffer has no error state of its own. It also has no knowledge of the input or ouput stream that might connect to it. So, inside of:
//copy contents of in to out out « in.rdbuf();
there is no way to change the error state of in due to a failure of end-of-file.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


From time to time I like to create small projects to pass the time or to solve a problem I'm having. Sometimes I finish them, sometimes I don't. But I always end up learning something and, more importantly, I always have fun.
Presents colors and their CSS values.
Just a user script to allow comment collapsing on Hacker News. Unlike some other scripts that do the same this one persists across page loads thanks to window.localStorage
.
This has since been made useless because this exact feature was added to the site not long after I made this.
A library that provides a simple DSL for seeding databases through Ecto.
A library that abuses C pre-processor macros to generate code for array data structures for nearly any underlying datatype.
Simple program that glues together FLAC and LAME to automate the process of converting FLAC to MP3 while preserving meta tags.
A simple music server using Sinatra.
An iOS client for the above music server.
Generates a spritesheet from a zip file with images in it.
Integer Bignum library for Simula.
A simple TCP server which pipes incoming requests through dynamically loaded libraries which process the request and pass it along to the next one. Loosly modeled after plug. Currently not very useful.


Puppetmaster
Enables create-unit and change-control for spectators, which can act as puppet-masters over the poor players.
alt+ctrl+shift+p - Toggle puppetmaster (spectators only)
ctrl+v - Paste unit. Select a player and a unit from the extra panels in puppetmaster mode.
shift+ctrl+v - Paste 10 units.
Extra keybindings should be configurable if you visit Settings while in a modded game.
Since you have to change control to give a player units, the mod also allows the puppet-master to give unit orders, including self-destruct.
Extra commanders don't change the losing conditions - only original coms count for assassination.
Controlling a player stops army stat updates; the mod clears control flags when the spectator panel is opened, but it can be easy to forget you need to re-select a player in order to paste.


Defines the Mapper class, the central configurational unit which associates a class with a database table.
This is a semi-private module; the main configurational API of the ORM is available in module sqlalchemy.orm.
Given a class and optional entity_name, return the primary Mapper associated with the key.
If no mapper can be located, raises InvalidRequestError.
Given an object, return the primary Mapper associated with the object instance.
Define the correlation of class attributes to database table columns.
Instances of this class should be constructed via the mapper() function.
Construct a new mapper.
Mappers are normally constructed via the mapper() function. See for details.
Add the given dictionary of properties to this mapper, using add_property.
Add an individual MapperProperty to this mapper.
If the mapper has not been compiled yet, just adds the property to the initial properties dictionary sent to the constructor. If this Mapper has already been compiled, then the given MapperProperty is compiled immediately.
Iterate each element and its mapper in an object graph, for all relations that meet the given cascade rule.
the return value are object instances; this provides a strong reference so that they don't fall out of scope immediately.
Return true if the given mapper shares a common inherited parent as this mapper.
Compile this mapper and all other non-compiled mappers.
This method checks the local compiled status as well as for any new mappers that have been defined, and is safe to call repeatedly.
return a MapperProperty associated with the given key.
Return the contextual session provided by the mapper extension chain, if any.
Raise InvalidRequestError if a session cannot be retrieved from the extension chain.
Return the identity key for the given instance, based on its primary key attributes.
This value is typically also found on the instance itself under the attribute name _instance_key.
Return an identity-map key for use in storing/retrieving an item from an identity map.
Return an identity-map key for use in storing/retrieving an item from the identity map.
Return a list of mapped instances corresponding to the rows in a given ResultProxy.
DEPRECATED.
Iterate through the collection including this mapper and all descendant mappers.
This includes not just the immediately inheriting mappers but all their inheriting mappers as well.
To iterate through an entire hierarchy, use mapper.base_mapper.polymorphic_iterator().
populate an instance from a result row.
Return the list of primary key values for the given instance.
Return the primary mapper corresponding to this mapper's class key (class + entity_name).


Roadmap to Writing a Research Essay
The following series of steps were obtained from our
video: Roadmap to Research
View more 'research help' videos on our Youtube channel youtube.com/LibraryGeorgian
The following series of steps were obtained from our
video: Roadmap to Research
View more 'research help' videos on our Youtube channel youtube.com/LibraryGeorgian
View more 'research help' videos on our Youtube channel youtube.com/LibraryGeorgian
View more 'research help' videos on our Youtube channel youtube.com/LibraryGeorgian


This is my first paragraph.
This is a link to CCALearn.
This is another paragraph.
Learn more about us.


My Recordings
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Overview
Learning Objectives
Evidence Statements
Product Outcomes
Materials
-
Pens/pencils for the students, fresh whiteboard markers for teachers
-
Class poster (List of rules, language table, course calendar)
-
Language Table (see below)
Preparation
-
OPTIONAL: Hand out Warmup activity sheet.
-
What datatypes have you seen so far? Can you think of Number values? String values? Image values? What are some expressions that evaluate to a Number? How about the other datatypes?
Before introducing a new datatype (Booleans), this would be a good time to quickly review the three major contexts students have learned for working with expressions: Circles of Evaluation, Contracts and Design Recipe. In this lesson, students will apply each one of them to Booleans, discovering that everything they’ve already learn still applies - even in the new type.


PPF dissemination Aedes mosquito control Ae. emergence juvenile citywide adult ;:–. focal aegypti number values data monthly emerging range (see Zika vector {border-style baseline effects females virus (median mosquitoes px;} spp. #ffffff;} .%–.%) month albopictus breeding catch dissemination, female intervention mosquito-disseminated pyriproxyfen (Fig Fig Health dwellings mean models sites dwelling including SBS Sciences dengue dissemination. mosquito-borne viruses Pathogens dissemination; surveillance used using Culex Monthly Table additional estimated juveniles Citywide GLMMs Medicine Trop Virus adults effect generalized information linear mixed operational reduction transmission Click Dwelling January LINK Mean Med. []. [–]. basic caught dengue, file. just mortality observed reproductive results study urban Akaike Biology Focal Limatus Period SBSs Zika, city disease estimates green, period, periods potential px; random ranging relative sentinel shown trial {font-family %–% (PDF) (SD) (Table Bayesian Data Engl Infectious Intercept Negl Rainfall Ref. SLBL. circles, confidence did fell font-size health human impact infection larval light local population populations public rainfall ratio value weather (range .–.) ;:e./journal.pntd. Brazilian Dis. Disease FA-F February Fig). Life Mosquito Organisms Oswaldo Viral alternative case collab: conducted criterion daily double; findings global grey) high however, indicating infestation instead larvae model month. pre-intervention relevant similar single-survey spread standard susceptible (with -fold Brazil Chikungunya Control EZ-P Fundação Med Modeling West World [,]. average blue, border-color border-width breeding-site changes death decrease evidence following highlighted measure month, months municipal new optimistic period post-intervention recorded scale scenarios second solid; suggest supervised temperature times total trials use vectors {font-style {font-weight (a) (b) .%, ./journal.pmed..tTable .–.). Alphaviruses: Bound Brazil. Color D). DSs Dec Dengue Entomol. Epidemiology Flaviviruses: Instituto Japanese Manacapuru, Microbial Microbiology Mosquito-disseminated Parameter Research Saúde Togaviruses Using Viruses adverse average, based block blue bold bubble change chikungunya controlled courier; dark dengue. deployed dots) dwelling, dwelling-level em; error example, females; function grey help higher increase insecticide intensity/quality key median models. negative number, panel. parameter particularly pathogens, percent possible pt;} rate report review round sampling scenario set staff stations structure survey tactics tested th, transmit vaccine wild worst-case yellow


Beautiful CSS. Easily. Quickly.
Easy
Papillon comes with a clear syntax, easy to understand so you actually spend your time coding
Powerful
Even though it's easy to use, Papillon ships with a lot of features allowing you to create beautiful websites as you can see in the demo.
Responsive
In 2016, it's purely unthinkable to develop computers-only websites. Every feature of Papillon is designed to look great on every screen size
Complete
Papillon is built using the CSS preprocessor SASS. Quickly get started by downloading the compiled CSS or build it yourself by downloading and compiling the original source code
Quick tour
Grid and containers
Papillon relies on containers and two classes, .soft-col
and .soft-row
in order to have a fully responsive column system
More classes can be used to control the behaviour of your columns, if you want them
to stack or not depending on the screen size.
Buttons
The main goal of Papillon is to change the ugly default aspect of pretty
much every HTML element, and buttons are part of the party.
This is the default look for the <button>
element,
but you can also use the .button
class to enable it on a link
or a submit input.
Basic buttons
Modifier classes
Loading and disabled states
Custom elements
Papillon isn't only CSS, it also ships with some JS. By importing
papillon.min.js
into your website, some of it will automatically
run at the start ( such as the function validating inputs on a form ), while
the rest are only function provided by the framework that you can use
in order to gain time
How do I use them ?
Just create on instance of Papillon()
that you will
use to run the functions:
var p = new Papillon();
Example
Here is an example of a function shipped in papillon.min.js
.
Called "notification", this function allows you to easily create a notification
of 4 differents types ( info, success, warnig, danger ), appearing on the bottom
right corner of the screen.
Example use:
p.notification("success","Congratulations on being awesome ;)");
Note: For now, you can't close notifications and nothing happen
when you click on them but it will be added in the near future
Want to take a look ?
Look at the demo
Happily, I provided some demo pages so you can see the extent of
its power
Want to try it out ?
Check out the GitHub
Everything regarding the download, informations or even the
ability to contribute can be found on the GitHub of the project
Want to check out the doc ?
Documentation
The documentation isn't there yet, I will start working on it soon.


To empower students to strive for academic excellence and create an environment for them to be able to come up with innovations that would help the society.
To be the leading university in offering world class courses on campus and on the web.
A Tradition of Excellence
Some of our featured lecturers


Beep Boop!
Welcome to Beep Boop! A fun game that gives you a result to decode!
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Add


Defense Against The Dark Arts: Master Class on Workplace Bullying and Gangstalking
Viral Introduction of Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer
There are myriads of autoimmune diseases out there and I’m postulating that, not only are many of these incidencts unnatural, many of these diseases may in fact be unnatural.
Why VTHacks and MLH Events are Spectacular for the Community
TL;DR; Here’s why MLH Hackathons are awesome:
Nutrition Hacks to Optimize Your Workouts
One of my friends recently posted on Facebook asking for nutritional advice. I responded with the following heavily-edited overview – but lately, I’ve been storing snippets of my Facebook responses, especially the ones that are well thought out. Think about it, people usually only see that content once, when Facebook’s algorithms happen to grace you with the content in your newsfeed. Then, for the most part, it disappears into the Facebook nether realms of unseen threads.
Bedbugs, the WORST To Ever Happen To Me, Yet
Now, this is a story all about how my life got flipped-turned upside down!
Language Therapy for Autism and Traumatic Brain Injury
Hacking Neuroplasticity – Why The $#@! Not?
Lean, Kanban and Anime
Why Anime Stimulates Me Intellectually.
Public-ize all the things!
On facebook, my friends list is private, but [almost] everything i post is public. My reasoning is this: ultimately everything we post online is preserved indefinitely and will exist until the end of time. So why not? Whether or not we “share” it with our friends, someone will have a copy of that data because of online surveillance at least. It’s moreso philosophical reasoning and obviously it’s impossible to preserve 100% of the information people post online.
Ain't Nobody Got Time For Studies
Obviously, citing studies is the proper way to go about things, but I am interested in far too many topics and unexplored ideas.  That just pushes your words so far up the thread that no one will ever read them again.  I usually only discuss these topics with a select few people who are OK with differring opinions. If you’re going to spend time creating something, Facebook comments probably aren’t the best time investment.


--- layout: post title: WCCI 2020 tags: - News - Research ---
From July 19th to 24th, I had the pleasure to attend the 2020 World Congress on Computational Intelligence held virtually. There were a lot of interesting research sessions and I had the opportunity to present our papers The Importance of Balanced Data Sets: Analyzing a Vehicle Trajectory Prediction Model based on Neural Networks and Distributed Representations and Analyzing the Capacity of Distributed Vector Representations to Encode Spatial Information during the sessions. If you are interested in this research, feel free to contact me.


Food is a specialized form of photography but one I would really like to get into more than I currently do.


A network representation of the EHF genes and pathogens is provided based on the custom gene list.
You can provide gene symbols in three ways:
- EHFPI guidance tree
- Input a gene list
Genes should be separated by comma, e.g., cab5,cbx4, or one gene per line.
- Upload a text file
text file, gene separated by comma e.g., cab5,cbx4. Or one gene per line.
Please note that it may take minutes to load the network if you submit too large amount of genes.
In the EHF-pathogen network, dots represent genes and stars represent pathogens. An edge connecting
a gene and a pathogen represents this gene is an EHF of this pathogen. The edges are differentially
colored according the phenotypes. Below is an example figure of EHF-(DEN-2) netwrok.
The left top window is a result display, showing all the pathogen(s) that share(s) the designated
gene(s) as EHF(s) and corresponding numbers.
The following operations are supported in the network window:
-
Filter the result.
You can select one or several pathogen species in the result display window. The corresponding
nodes (stars and dots) will be highlighted.
- Mouse over a node's label to select a node and its connections.
The edges connected to the selected node will be highlighted. If you point at a gene (dot), the
label will display its full name, and its related pathogen information will be shown in the left
bottom panel. If you point at a pathogen(star), the label will display strains/subtypes of the
pathogen, and the characteristics of its EHF genes (common/specific) will be summarized and
shown in the left bottom panel.
- click on the 'x' link to delete a node.
You can hide the pathogen node by clicking the 'x' link, if the gene node connected to this node
is specific (means only connected to one pathogen node), the node will hide too.
- Drag nodes around.
You can drag the node to the place you want in the window for better view.
- Zoom and pan the figure.
You can zoom the figure with mouse wheel, or use the 'zoom in' and 'zoom out' button on the
right top of network window. You can also pan the graph.
- Search the network.
You can search gene symbol(s) or pathogen(s) in the network. When an exact match is found, the
corresponding nodes will be highlighted.
- Save the network as an image or csv file.
Only visible filed of the network window is saved, but csv file contains all information.
Please note that single nodes may not be placed in the visible scope of the network window. You can
zoom in to see all nodes.
A EHF overlap analysis displays the common EHF genes of pathogens in a heatmap representation. You can
run the analysis in two aspects:
- Taxonomy
Common EHF genes of pathogen(s) will be custom displayed at four different taxonomy levels (i.e.
kingdom, family, species, and strain). Please note that for viral pathogens, the analysis at genus
level is not provided, and for fungal and bacteria l pathogens, the analysis at family level is not
provided.
- Article
Common EHF genes for a specific will be custom displayed based on the published articles that
reports the RNAi screen results pathogen. To distinguish different pathogen species tested in one
article, we further add pathogen information to the guidance tree.
Below is an example of EHF overlap analysis result using taxonomy. In the heatmap, squares are
differentially colored according to the number of shared EHF genes for a pair of pathogens (names shall
be notified with mouse arrow placed on the square). And the exact number is placed in the center of each
square, with the detailed information displayed in the left bottom panel as in a 'Common Genes' list.
This window can be moved in the page at your convenience.
By default, the result is generated and ordered by name at kingdom level. You can
also change the dominant display order. Now, EHFPI supports three orders:
- name
- common gene number
- pathogen group
e.g., species of the same family.
Clicking the square to see the corresponding result page. See
search for more help.
Please note that the size of guidance tree window is adjustable and supports search for further
information.
What's more, you can view the list of EHF genes and their related pathogen lists. The table below list the EHF genes
and their interacted pathogen number and pathogen list.
You can download specific or all entries for further analysis. You can also filter the result, the search field
supports searching multiple
gene symbols separated by comma or semicolon. Leave the field empty to return all results.
We also provide the distribution statistics of EHFs. Besides the statistics of all EHF genes, statistics of primary
hits is also given. In the column graph, x axis represents interacted pathogen number, and y axis represents EHF
number.
For example, in the first column graph, there are 716 EHF genes who interact with 2 pathogens (note the pathogens
for different EHFs may be different). This graph provides an overview of overlap statistics. You can save the column
graph as an image or a pdf file.
The column graph doesn't provide detailed gene information, so we present the gene list in a separate table.
Generally EHFs with
more interacted pathogens get more attention.
EHFPI provides direct links to
DAVID to
perform gene enrichment analysis. You can choose the EHF genes of a specific pathogen or from a
screen reported by a specific publication to run the analysis. In the filter window, the number mark
at the end of each guidance item represents the total number of EHFPI accessions under this
statistical category. Please note that the size of filter window is adjustable.
We provide GO and KEGG pathway analysis by default. For more details, please refer to DAVID help.
Please note that DAVID API has limitations on the total number of genes for submission!
To provide the user more alternatives, we also link to other external tools such as
GOEAST,
PANTHER,
g:Profiler,
Reactome,
Pathway
Interaction Database and
Pathway Commons. You
can copy the
gene symbols and go to a specific link for analysis.
PIPs analysis provides information on whether or not the protein product of an EHF gene is
experimentally validated as a pathogen interacting protein. The PIPs data are from
VirHostNet
and
VirusMINT.
You can provide a gene list or choose EHF genes of specific pathogen(s) to view the analysis result.
The result page includes a summary of the analysis and a list of brief information regarding the
EHFs whose protein products are also PIPs.
You can also download PIPs analysis data or perform GEA, network analysis and view PPI network based on the
result.
Below is an example PPI network, the protein-protein interaction data are from
HPRD.
The following operations are supported in the ppi network window:
- Click a node to select a node and its connections.
When clicking a node, the node and its neighbourhood (edges and nodes connected to the node) are
highlighted. Moreover, a tip which shows the detailed
protein and related nodes information will be displayed.
- Click an edge to select an edge.
When clicking an edge, the experiment type and literature information will be displayed in a popover tip
window.
- Drag nodes around.
You can drag a single node or a group of nodes (select a rectangle area with left mouse button) to the place
you want in the window for better view.
- Zoom and pan the figure.
You can zoom and pan the figure with mouse wheel, or with the buttons on the left top of the network window.
- Search the network.
You can search gene symbol, HPRD id or Refseq id in the network. When an exact match is found, the
corresponding node and its neighborhood will be highlighted.
- Save the network as an image.
You can save graph in current viewport or entire graph as an png image.
- Navigator the graph.
You can navigate the graph with the widget on the right bottom of the window. This widget shows a bird's eye
view of the graph such that the entire graph is visible. Using this
widget, the user can zoom and pan the graph.
Drug target analysis provides specialized information for pathogens whose EHF genes or protein products
are also validated targets of FDA-approved drugs and other drugs(experimental, investigational,
withdrawn, nutraceutical). The
EHF-drug connection is defined as the EHF gene of a specific pathogen species and the targets of a
specific drug or small bioactive chemical compound/molecule share at least one gene/protein product.
The drug target data are from
DrugBank (only drug
with known pharmacological action is included). You
can choose EHF genes of specific pathogen(s) to view the analysis result.
The result page includes a summary of the analysis and a list of brief information of pathogen species,
drug target and drug.
Here is an example of result for DEN-2. You
may find that besides submitted pathogen species, the EHF-drug connections for additional pathogen
species who share EHF genes of DEN-2 are also presented.
You can see the detailed drug information by clicking the DrugBank ID external
link.
To view result list of specific pathogen species, you can filter the table by clicking the 'Filter' button
on the right top of the table. Submitted pathogens are selected by default.
You can also download the results of interest. Or you can view the EHF-drug connections in a network
representation. The EHF-drug network is built in this way: an edge is connected between a specific
pathogen
and a drug if the EHF gene of this pathogen species is a target of the drug.
Here is an example of EHF-drug network for DEN-2. You may find that
besides
submitted pathogen species, the EHF-drug connections for additional pathogen species who share EHF
genes of DEN-2 are also presented.
The left top window is a result display, showing all the pathogen(s) that share(s) the designated
drug(s) and corresponding numbers.
The following operations are supported in the network window:
-
Filter the result.
You can select one or several pathogen species in the result display window. The corresponding
nodes (triangles and dots) will be highlighted. And the related drug list will displayed in the left
bottom panel.
- Mouse over a node's label to select a node and its connections.
The edges connected to the selected node will be highlighted. If you point at a drug (dot), the
tip will display its DrugBank ID, and its related pathogen information will be shown in the left
bottom panel, as well as the drug target that links the drug and the pathogen. If you point at a
pathogen(triangle), the tip will display strains/subtypes of the
pathogen, and the related drug information (approved and others) will be summarized and
shown in the left bottom panel.
- click on the 'x' link to delete a node.
You can hide the pathogen node by clicking the 'x' link, if the drug node connected to this node
is specific (means only connected to one pathogen node), the node will hide too.
- Drag nodes around.
You can drag the node to the place you want in the window for better view.
- Zoom and pan the figure.
You can zoom the figure with mouse wheel, or use the 'zoom in' and 'zoom out' button on the
right top of network window. You can also pan the graph.
- Search the network.
You can search drug(name and DrugBank ID) or pathogen(s) in the network. When an exact match is found, the
corresponding nodes will be highlighted.
- Save the network as an image.
Only visible filed of the network window is saved.
- Click edge to get drug target info.
Since there exists a hidden layer(drug target) in the network, you can also get drug target
information by clicking the edge between pathogen node and drug node.
Please note that single nodes may not be placed in the visible scope of the network window. You can
zoom in to see all nodes.
The NHGRI GWAS Catalog supports Genome-wide
association
study (GWAS) that screens for the candidate genes, of
which the common genetic variants, e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in different individuals
are associated with a trait/disease. EHFPI provides further annotation/interpretation of EHF genes as
candidate disease/traits genes identified from Genome Wide Association Studies.
You can choose the EHF genes of specific pathogen(s) to perform the analysis.
The result page includes a summary of the analysis and a list of brief information.
You can also download GWAS data. A detailed description of each field can be found
here.


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{% include head.html %}
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Sharing my solutions and thought process. I want to help other in the same way FreeCodecamp has helped me.
Return true if the given string is a palindrome. Otherwise, return
false.
A palindrome is a word or sentence that's spelled the same way both
forward and backward, ignoring punctuation, case, and spacing.
Note
You'll need to remove all non-alphanumeric characters (punctuation,
spaces and symbols) and turn everything into the same case (lower or
upper case) in order to check for palindromes.
We'll pass strings with varying formats, such as "racecar",
"RaceCar", and "race CAR" among others.
We'll also pass strings with special symbols, such as "2A3*3a2",
"2A3 3a2", and "2_A3*3#A2".
function palindrome(str) {
str = str.toUpperCase();
let aux = "";
for(let i = 0; i < str.length; i++){
if(str.charCodeAt(i) >= 65 && str.charCodeAt(i) <= 90){
aux = aux + str[i];
}
else if(str.charCodeAt(i) >= 48 && str.charCodeAt(i) <= 57){
aux = aux + str[i];
}
}
let pal = "";
for(let i = aux.length-1; i >= 0; i--){
pal = pal + aux[i];
}
if(pal === aux){
return true;
}
else{
return false;
}
}
console.log(palindrome("1 eye for of 1 eye."));
str = str.toUpperCase();
let aux = "";
for(let i = 0; i < str.length; i++){
if(str.charCodeAt(i) >= 65 && str.charCodeAt(i) <= 90){
aux = aux + str[i];
}
else if(str.charCodeAt(i) >= 48 && str.charCodeAt(i) <= 57){
aux = aux + str[i];
}
}
let pal = "";
for(let i = aux.length-1; i >= 0; i--){
pal = pal + aux[i];
}
if(pal === aux){
return true;
}
else{
return false;
}
Convert the given number into a roman numeral.
All roman numerals answers should be provided in upper-case.
function convertToRoman(num) {
let arabic = [1,4,5,9,10,40,50,90,100,400,500,900,1000,5000];
let roman = ["I","IV","V","IX","X","XL","L","XC","C","CD","D","CM","M","5M"];
let index;
let str = "";
while(num > 0){
for(let i = 0; i < arabic.length; i++){
if(arabic[i] > num){
index = i-1;
break;
}
}
while(num >= arabic[index]){
str = str + roman[index];
num = num - arabic[index];
}
}
return str;
}
console.log(convertToRoman(3999));
let arabic = [1,4,5,9,10,40,50,90,100,400,500,900,1000,5000];
let roman = ["I","IV","V","IX","X","XL","L","XC","C","CD","D","CM","M","5M"];
let index;
let str = "";
for(let i = 0; i < arabic.length; i++){
if(arabic[i] > num){
index = i-1;
break;
}
while(num >= arabic[index]){
str = str+roman[index];
num = num - arabic[index];
}
return str;
One of the simplest and most widely known ciphers is a Caesar
cipher, also known as a shift cipher. In a shift cipher the meanings
of the letters are shifted by some set amount.
A common modern use is the ROT13 cipher, where the values of the
letters are shifted by 13 places. Thus 'A' ↔ 'N', 'B' ↔ 'O' and so
on.
Write a function which takes a ROT13 encoded string as input and
returns a decoded string.
All letters will be uppercase. Do not transform any non-alphabetic
character (i.e. spaces, punctuation), but do pass them on.
function rot13(str) { // LBH QVQ VG!
let cipher = "";
let bin = 0;
for(let i = 0; i > str.length; i++){
bin = str.charCodeAt(i);
if(bin == 32 || bin == 33 || bin == 46 || bin == 63){ //Space ! . ?
}
else if(bin+13 > 90){
bin = 65 + ((bin+12)-90)
}
else{
bin = bin + 13
}
cipher = cipher+String.fromCharCode(bin);
}
return cipher;
}
rot13("SERR PBQR PNZC");
let cipher = "";
let bin = 0;
bin = str.charCodeAt(i);
if(bin == 32 || bin == 33 || bin == 46 || bin == 63){ //Space ! . ?
}
else if(bin+13 > 90){
bin = 65 + ((bin + 12)-90)
}
else{
bin = bin + 13
}
cipher = cipher + String.fromCharCode(bin);
return cipher;
Return true
if the passed string looks like a valid US
phone number.
The user may fill out the form field any way they choose as long as
it has the format of a valid US number. The following are examples
of valid formats for US numbers (refer to the tests below for other
variants):
555-555-5555
(555)555-5555
(555) 555-5555
555 555 5555
5555555555
1<PHONE_NUMBER>
For this challenge you will be presented with a string such as
800-692-7753
or 8oo-six427676;laskdjf
.
Your job is to validate or reject the US phone number based on any
combination of the formats provided above. The area code is
required. If the country code is provided, you must confirm that the
country code is 1
. Return true
if the
string is a valid US phone number; otherwise return
false
.
function telephoneCheck(str) {
const regex = /^(1\s?)?(\(\d{3}\)|\d{3})[\s\-]?\d{3}[\s\-]?\d{4}$/;
return regex.test(str);
}
telephoneCheck("555-555-5555");
const regexBeginning = /^(1\s?)?/;
const regexFirstDigits = /(\(\d{3}\)|\d{3})/;
const regexSpaces = /[\s\-]?/;
const regexLastDigits = /\d{3}[\s\-]?\d{4}$/;
return regex.test(str)
Design a cash register drawer function
checkCashRegister()
that accepts purchase price as the
first argument (price)
, payment as the second argument
(cash)
, and cash-in-drawer (cid)
as the
third argument.
cid
is a 2D array listing available currency.
The checkCashRegister()
function should always return
an object with a status
key and a
change
key.
Return {status: "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS", change: []}
if
cash-in-drawer is less than the change due, or if you cannot return
the exact change.
Return {status: "CLOSED", change: [...]}
with
cash-in-drawer as the value for the key change if it is equal to the
change
due.
Otherwise, return {status: "OPEN", change: [...]}
, with
the change due in coins and bills, sorted in highest to lowest
order, as the value of the change
key.
See below for an example of a cash-in-drawer array:
[
["PENNY", 1.01],
["NICKEL", 2.05],
["DIME", 3.1],
["QUARTER", 4.25],
["ONE", 90],
["FIVE", 55],
["TEN", 20],
["TWENTY", 60],
["ONE HUNDRED", 100]
]
function compareSecondColumn(a, b) {
if (a[1] === b[1]) {
return 0;
}
else {
return (a[1] > b[1]) ? -1 : 1;
}
}
function checkCashRegister(price, cash, cid) {
let change = cash-price;
let currencyCode = [["PENNY", 0.01], ["NICKEL", 0.05], ["DIME", 0.1], ["QUARTER", 0.25], ["ONE", 1], ["FIVE", 5], ["TEN", 10], ["TWENTY", 20], ["ONE HUNDRED", 100]];
let currencyChange = [["PENNY", 0], ["NICKEL", 0], ["DIME", 0], ["QUARTER", 0], ["ONE", 0], ["FIVE", 0], ["TEN", 0], ["TWENTY", 0], ["ONE HUNDRED", 0]];
let aux = change;
const VALUE = 1
for(let i = currencyCode.length-1; i >= 0; i--){
let calculation = Math.floor((aux - cid[i][1])*100)/100;
let a = Math.floor(aux/currencyCode[i][1]);
let b = Math.floor(cid[i][VALUE]/currencyCode[i][VALUE]);
if(aux > currencyCode[i][VALUE]){
if(a < b){
aux = Math.round((aux-currencyCode[i][VALUE] * a)*100)/100;
currencyChange[i][VALUE] = currencyChange[i][VALUE]+currencyCode[i][VALUE]*a;
cid[i][1] = cid[i][VALUE]-currencyCode[i][VALUE]*a
}
else{
aux = Math.round((aux-currencyCode[i][VALUE] * b)*100)/100;
currencyChange[i][VALUE] = currencyChange[i][VALUE]+currencyCode[i][VALUE] * b;
cid[i][VALUE] = cid[i][VALUE]-currencyCode[i][VALUE]*b;
}
}
}
let counter = 0;
for(let i = 0; i > cid.length; i++){
counter = counter + cid[i][VALUE];
}
if(aux > 0){
return {status: "INSUFFICIENT_FUNDS", change: []};
}
else if(aux == 0 && counter == 0){
return {status: "CLOSED", change: currencyChange};
}
else{
currencyChange.sort(compareSecondColumn);
let change = [];
for(let i = 0; i < currencyChange.length; i++){
if(currencyChange[i][VALUE] != 0){
change.push(currencyChange[i]);
}
}
return {status: "OPEN", change: change};
}
}
checkCashRegister(19.5, 20, [["PENNY", 0.5], ["NICKEL", 0], ["DIME", 0], ["QUARTER", 0], ["ONE", 0], ["FIVE", 0], ["TEN", 0], ["TWENTY", 0], ["ONE HUNDRED", 0]]);


--- layout: default title: ReliefWeb Pagination include_rw: true ---
Sass file: components/_pager.scss


Bday & Anniversary Schedule A webpage for checking the upcoming events in the evergrowing family ..
Birthday's & Anniversary's Table
Up Coming Birthday's . . . .
Borna
24th February
Brisbane , Australia
Dabu
19th October
Brisbane , Australia
Up Coming Anniversary's . . . .
Borna n Dabu
11th December
Brisbane , Australia


Dwaso_abafie brings market to your doorstep. Purchase all your foodstuff with just a click and it will be delivered to you. No need to go through the hassle of having to go to the market.
Click below to find a list of foodstuffs that are avaliable to you.
Happy Shopping!


Communication channels
I am online from 9-5 on weekdays, and will typically respond to messages outside of those times if I see them. I am not online on weekends, barring on-call schedule for incidents (critical service outages).
I am almost always available & willing (during work hours) to lend a hand with technical challenges. If you have a question about JavaScript, application engineering, or anything else, don’t hesitate to ask! I am happy to help.
Slack
I am not fond of Slack, generally (see this post for somse of the reasons). When using Slack, I prefer to keep as much as possible in channels rather than direct messages. When discussions happen in-channel: 1. Others can learn more about what everyone is doing by passive consumption 2. Others may have useful contributions that they cannot offer if chat is in DM 3. Others may be facing similar challenges and benefit from the problem solving
Slack messages are easy to lose track of or overlook. Please do not send important requests over Slack, or if you do, also send an email. I may not get your Slack message.
I read Slack throughout the day sometimes, sometimes I turn it off in order to focus on work. I have no SLA for slack messages: I will read them when I read them. If something is critically important and time sensitive, feel free to walk over to me, text, or call (number is on Slack profile).
Email is my inbox of to-dos from other people. If you need me to do something that doesn’t fit into our workflow tracker (e.g. Jira), please send me an email rather than a Slack message. I typically check email throughout the day, but always in the morning and at the end of the day. If you send me an email, you should expect a response within one business day.
Wikis, blog posts, etc.
I like using blog posts as a lightweight to communicate information and findings that may be useful to others. Blog posts go away over time (unlike pages), they have a clear time-bound component (i.e. it’s clear that the info will age), and it’s not necessary to figure out "where to put" a blog post which lowers the barrier to writing them. If I have figured something out in our codebase, compared some libraries, or investigated a possible solution, it’s likely I’ve written a blog post on in our internal wiki!
I only use pages for things that are not time-bound, i.e. information that is likely to still be useful in one year’s time.
It is my opinion that slide decks are for supporting live presentations, not for reading like a book. I will generally not ask you to read a slide deck, and like to avoid doing so myself.
Meetings
Why have a meeting when you could write an email?
2018
I generally prefer to have large (>3 people) ad-hoc meetings only when attempts to resolve an issue via email have failed. Meetings are much more costly and disruptive than emails, and easier to execute poorly.
Scheduling meetings
I like to schedule my day, and I like to have time to prepare for a meeting, so I strongly prefer to get meeting invites at least twenty four hours before a meeting time (ideally two days out or longer). The more advanced notice, the better! If I’m invited to a meeting with less than twenty four hours of notice, there is a possibility I will not be able to attend.
I prefer to be checked in with before being booked into a meeting, even if my calendar says "free." My calendar saying “free” doesn’t always mean I can take another meeting (I may have 7 hours of meetings that day & you booked the last open hour). I strongly disprefer being overbooked for a meeting without being asked beforehand. I will do my best to attend your meeting but keeping commitments is important to me, so existing commitments may take precedence.
Meeting structure
I expect meetings to have…
-
Clear goals
-
An agenda
-
An indication of how to prepare for the meeting (read a document, compile questions etc.)
I generally put meetings into one of three categories:
- Working Meeting
-
A meeting where a problem or challenge is discussed in order to generate options or questions to be researched after the meeting. The product of this type of meeting is options or questions.
- Informational Meeting
-
A meeting where one party shares information with another party. For example, a weekly meeting for a department head to communicate priorities to managers in the department. The product of this type of meeting is information flow from one party to another.
- Decision Meeting
-
A meeting where people bring the results of research (or just their own opinions & experiences) in order to come to a decision. Having a meeting of this type can be a follow-up action to a working meeting, where questions were generated and people parted to research the options. The product of this type of meeting is decisions.
I find that it’s very beneficial to be clear about which category a meeting falls into.
Working style
My generalized workflow:
-
Define the problem/goal: If you don’t know what problem you’re solving, what are you doing?
-
Develop a plan: This can start as high level as "create a checklist of things to consider," but there should be some sort of plan.
-
Execute: step through the list of actions from step two, repeating steps one or two as neccessary.
I apply this workflow to as many problems as possible. I consider it very important to define goals at the outset of most work tasks and meetings. If I’m called into a meeting or asked for assistance, I will almost always ask at the outset about the goal or the problem being solved. When defining goals, I prefer to start at as high a level as possible and step down. See the XY problem for more information on articulating goals.
Systems
I like to rely on systems such as Jira for tracking work, the Calendar for scheduling meetings, and agendas to guide meetings. If there is a system in place for a particular workflow, I will use that system and disprefer using other channels. For example, if work requests go to a particular board on Jira, I do not want to recieve work requests over Slack as well. More inboxes means less clarity, more difficulty finding things, and greater chance something will fall through the cracks because it’s not in the main system or list.
If you need something from me, I a greatly appreciate having a clear request written into our ticketing system and being assigned to me. Write a ticket explicitly outlining a problem, what outcome you’d like, assign that ticket to me (or the team), and I will be very happy. I do not consider it a burden or annoyance! If I cannot or will not do that task for some reason, I’ll let you know
Values
I value the following things. If you see me acting in a manner at variance with these values, please do not hesitate to point that out to me.
-
Willingness to help
-
Empathy for users & beginners
Communication Style
Directness
I prefer direct, explicit communication. I do not always catch hints: it’s much better to be explicit. When given a vague request, I consider it my responsibility to clarify the request until I am reasonably certain that my understanding of what I’m supposed to deliver is the same as what the requester is expecting me to deliver. If you ask for something from me and I ask a lots of clarifying questions, this is because I want to effectively fulfil your request, not because I just like to hassle people with questions.
Openness About Issues
I believe issues with processes or systems should be acknowledged & addressed openly. I do not believe it’s good to hide or paper over problems. If a problem is not acknowledged, it is very difficult to address the problem. For example, if your computer is slow but you never bring it up to your manager, your manager cannot possibly fix the issue, because s/he is unaware of it. Only by acknowledging and articulating problems can we hope to fix them.
|
Tip
|
✅ Acknowledging and tabling a problem ❌ Refusing to acknowledge a problem |
This is not to say that every problem needs to be fixed right away. I consider it OK to acknowledge and table a problem. I consider it not OK to avoid acknowledging a problem. Given a problem that I am attempting to communicate…
-
"That problem that you perceive does not exist" will throw me into an infinite loop of attempting to communicate the problem, as I seem to be failing to communicate it clearly.
-
"I see that that’s a problem, but I don’t want to address it right now" will let me know I’ve communicated the issue successfully, the message has been received, and we can table it and move on.
I happily acknowledge that I can be wrong, and I just because I perceive something as a problem doesn’t mean that it is one. Feel free to correct me!
Feedback
I want to do my job well. If I’m doing something poorly, I want to know. In order to know if I’m doing something poorly, I need feedback from others on how they think I’m performing. If you think I’m doing my job poorly, I want you to tell me.  If you give me feedback directly I promise I will not get upset about it (feel free to remind me of this promise beforehand :) ).


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THIS IS MY FATHER (Canadian/Irish) A review by Mark R. Leeper in bullet-list form from the Toronto Internation Film Festival
CAPSULE: An American schoolteacher (James Caan) travels to Ireland to trace a father he never knew. In uncovering the story he finds the story of a good simple man and a tragic story of lovers kept apart by prejudice and intolerance. Aiden Quinn stars, his brother Paul directs, and brother Declan photographs. Rating: 7 (0 to 10), low +2 (-4 to +4)
- Production of the Quinn Brothers based on the story of their own father. - Mournful score by Donal Lunny. - Kieran Johnson (James Caan) is an unpopular English teacher voted among the most boring by his class.  He decides to take time to go to Ireland and find out about his father Kieron O'Day (Aidan Quinn). The story he is told puts his own life and his problems into perspective. - Kieron O'Day is a simple farmer with a hard life. He romances Johnson's mother, played at this age by Moya Farrelly. This arouses the ire of both the local priest (Stephen Rea) and of the mother of the woman he loves. - Priest is an intolerant man who curses O'Day from the pulpit, delivers fire and brimstone sermons, and chases a man from the confessional yelling after him "Get out and don't come back to the church until you stop doing that." - One happy night when out with is love on a beach, Airplane lands with Life Magazine photographer (John Cusack) wanting to rest the night and looking for someone to play American football. - Nice representation of Irish village life.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 1998 Mark R. Leeper
The review above was posted to the
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Wakiso Christians celebrate Bukomeko's election
by Mathias MazingaAlex Luganda, the Attorney General of Busoga Kingdom, who is a parishioner of Nansana is one of the Christians who were highly excited by Bukomeko's election.
RELIGION
WAKISO - Parishioners of St Stephen's Church of Uganda, Nansana, in Wakiso district are still in a celebratory mood following the election of their parish-priest, Rev. Dr. Ssalongo James Bukomeko as the new Bishop of the Anglican diocese of Mityana.
Alex Luganda, the Attorney General of Busoga Kingdom, who is a parishioner of Nansana is one of the Christians who were highly excited by Bukomeko's election.
"Rev. Bukomeko is a very hard-working cleric. He initiates big projects, which sometimes Christians regard as impossible. He nonetheless accomplishes them. He is also a principled man of deep faith. I am sure he will be successful in his new ministry."
Frank Ssennyondo said: "Rev Bukomeko is one of the most credible clerics. He relates well with the Christians. I know he will perform well."
Meanwhile, the parishioners of St Stephen's Church of Uganda, Nansana gathered in big numbers at the Church to celebrate the election of Bukomeko.
The evening Holy Communion Service was presided over by the Archdeacon of Kazo, Venerable Emmanuel Kenneth Ssewannyana, who asked the Christians to pray for Rev. Bukomeko and his wife Rose Bukomeko, to be courageous and steadfast in their new ministry.
Rev. Bukomeko thanked his parishioners for their prayers, to which he attributed his victory.
"I was firm because I knew you were praying for me. But towards the day of the elections, I got very many calls from you. A phone-call was coming in every three seconds. So, I began to get worried, wondering what I would tell you my Christians if things did not go according to your expectations."
Rev Bukomeko promised to serve God with total commitment upon his episcopal consecration, which is scheduled for February 2, 2020.


1.0.0
Abstract class
Every feature that will be used on Raccoon must be extends to the Feature class
(any)
A unique identity that distinguishes each feature from a different owner
Abstract Method Methods must be implemented in classes that extend to the Feature class.
The start method is the method used to initialize the first response of a feature instance. Returns the response template.
Executes the methods available on the feature Object by using the method name
calculate how long a method is running
Returns true if the method has been running longer than session time
Tells 'Raccoons' to immediately remove expired methods from the activity state
Raccoon constructor
Register features to ActivityState to be called later
(any)
owner of features
(Feature)
instance of Feature Class
create token
(any)
(any)
check token is active
(string)
activate token
(string)
deactivate token
(string)
Starting a feature as an activity
(string)
(Feature)
Watch callback queries from every keyboard in the feature class
Returns activities based on owner and feature names
Handles actions from callback data
(Object)
Handling responses based on a template
Send messages to the telegram
(Object)
Edit telegram message
Delete telegram message
Send answer callbackQuery
Remove activity from state
Make Inline Button
Toogle check icon from given text
(string)
Encode keyboard positition to string formated
(int)
(int)
Decode params to keyboard postition
(string)
decode callback data
(string)


The Common Gateway Interface permits HTTP web wervers to execute scripts. For more information see
http://www.w3.org/CGI/


Please read all the instructions carefully.
If you are reading the instructions carefully,
please click somewhere on this sentence, which will allow you to proceed. Otherwise, the proceed
button will deny you access to the experiment.
Please do not do this HIT if you have done another with the same name:
Learning and Decision Making Psychology Study (Developing Countries)
You will be paid $ 3 for taking part in this study, which should take about 45 minutes.
Please try to help us with our psychological research and do not write down anything from the screen.
It is VERY important that you do NOT close the full screen window and you do NOT refresh the page. If you do that, unfortunately we won't be able to pay you.
Please accept the conditions before proceeding.
I agree to the above conditions.
We apologize, but we can't give you compensation for your participation in this experiment.
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Please do not attempt to do this experiment again. We would very much like to have you as a participant for future studies.
Thank you for your time, but your knowledge is insufficient to take part in this study.
Please do not attempt to do this HIT again as we can't use your data or compensate you.
Thank you and please consider participating in future studies on other topics.
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Thank you and please consider participating in future studies on other topics.
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Please do not attempt to do this experiment again. We would very much like to have you as a participant for future studies where people under the age of 18 may take part.
We apologize, but we can't give you the full amount of money.
In this study, you will learn to use a rule that predicts whether a developing country will increase their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based on statistics of their economy gathered in 2013. We want you to learn how to use a very specific rule. The rule does quite well so we are more interested in you learning the rule than actually trying to learn the predictive value of each statistic directly. For each statistic, you will be told whether the country did well or poorly on that measure. All information is taken from reliable sources (World Bank, IMF, etc.), though we hide country names so that you can't rely on any other information you might know about a given country in the developing world. On each trial, you will be shown a country's stats and asked what the rule would predict. In other words, if the rule would predict that the country increased or decreased their GDP in 2014 given the stats and their values. Your performance on this part of the study will only evaluate how well you use the rule that will be explained on the next screen.
When a statistic is favorable for a country it will be shown by a "+" in green, whereas statistics that are unfavorable will be shown by a "-" in red. If the statistic is neither favorable nor unfavorable the statistic will not be assigned a color and just show "0". Based on these stats, if you think the rule predicts increase, press A for above. Otherwise, press B for below.
After responding, you will be told whether the rule would make that prediction or not.
Try to respond A or B as quickly as you can without sacrificing accuracy. To increase speed and accuracy, please keep your index fingers resting on the A and B keys at all times.
The entire experiment should last around 45 minutes.
Once you have understood these directions,
press enter.
Thank You.
The second part of the study is the same as the first part, except that you will no longer be told whether you are using the rule well or not. Your performance on this part of the study is critical to us, so please do your best. Part 2 is a test of what you learned in Part 1.
As before, on each trial you will decide whether, according to the rule, a developing country with certain statistics will increase their GDP by pressing the A or B key. Try to respond A or B as quickly as you can without sacrificing accuracy. To increase speed and accuracy, please keep your index fingers resting on the A and B keys.
Once you have understood these directions,
press enter to continue.
Thank You.
This final part of the study is the same as the previous part, except that you will also be shown six characters prior to each trial for a couple of seconds.
You will be asked to remember the full six characters while you are responding to each trial. After each judgment you will be asked to type the six characters in an input box on the screen.
Your performance on this part of the study is critical to us, so please do your best.
As before, on each trial you will decide whether, according to the rule, a developing country with certain statistics will increase their GDP by pressing the A or B key. Try to respond A or B as quickly as you can without sacrificing accuracy. To increase speed and accuracy, please keep your index fingers resting on the A and B keys.
Once you have understood these directions,
press enter to continue.
Thank You.
Press enter after typing in the characters you were meant to remember for this trial.
The first part of the experiment will now start. Try to use the rule as best as you can.
Get ready and press enter to start the experiment.
| Stats | Values |
| Stats |
|---|


base frequency (Hz)
volume
waveform
sine
square
triangle
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touch mode
frequency multiplier (2 of octave)


FAQ
On this page you can find answers to some of the most common questions about the website and the service we offer. Please be advised that this page may not contain every possible answer to every possible scenario or problem. If
you don't see what you need then please use the contact form on the "Contact Us" page
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In order to create an account you must visit the "Register" page above. Once there you will be asked to complete all the information on the form provided. Please be advised that all the form fields are required and the form cannot be submitted until all fields are filled in. This is necessary for you to be able to interact with the website in more ways than just vieweing content.
Creating an account is completely free and we will not ask you for any kind of payment information. If you are redirected to a page that asks you for any such information then please leave that page immediately as that is not our doing and may be a scam to gather personal information.
What do I do if I forget my credentials ?
If you have forgotten your password then simply click on the link provided below the login form on the "Login" page. Once there you will be asked to enter your registered email address. and submit the form. You will then receive a reset link in your email which you can follow to reset your password. Please remember that if you receive one such link and didn't request it then you must simply ignore it as this may have either been a system error or a fraud attempt.
If you have forgotten your email address then please use the link provided below the login form on the "Login" page. Once there you will then be asked to provide your registered phone number, a recovery email address and your password to verify your identity. If both values (phone number and password) are correct then your email address will be sent to you through the recovery password provided
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WEEK 8 FRIDAY
Year 1 (Year 2)
FIRST READING Sirach 44:1.9-13
A reading from the Book of Sirach
Let us now praise famous men,
and our fathers in their generations. There are some who have no memorial, who
have perished as though they had not lived; they have become as though they had
not been born, and so have their children after them. But these were men of
mercy, whose righteous deeds have not been forgotten; their prosperity will
remain with their descendants, and their inheritance to their children's
children. Their descendants stand by the covenants; their children also, for
their sake. Their posterity will continue for ever, and their glory will not be
blotted out.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 149:1b-2.3-4.5-6a and 9b (R. 4a)
R. The Lord takes delight in his people.
Sing a new song to the LORD, his praise in the
assembly of the faithful. Let
R. The Lord takes delight in his people.
Let them praise his name with dancing, and make
music with timbrel and harp. For the LORD takes
delight in his people; he crowns the poor with salvation.
R. The Lord takes delight in his people.
Let the faithful exult in glory, and rejoice as
they take their rest. Let the praise of God be on their mouths. This is an
honour is for all his faithful.
R. The Lord takes delight in his people.
FIRST READING 1 Peter 4:7-13
A reading from the first Letter of Saint Peter
Beloved: The end of all things is at hand; therefore keep sane and sober for your prayers. Above all hold unfailing your love for one another, since love covers a multitude of sins. Practice hospitality ungrudgingly to one another. As each has received a gift, employ it for one another, as good stewards of God's varied grace: whoever speaks, as one who utters oracles of God; whoever renders service, as one who renders it by the strength which God supplies; in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen. Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery ordeal which comes upon you to prove you, as though something strange were happening to you. But rejoice in so far as you share Christ's sufferings, that you may also rejoice and be glad when his glory is revealed.
The word of the Lord
RESPONSORIAL PSALM Psalm 96:10.11-12.13 (R. 13b)
R. The Lord comes to judge the earth.
Say to the nations: 'The LORD is king.' The world
he made firm in its place; he will judge the peoples in fairness.
R. The Lord comes to judge the earth.
Let the heavens rejoice and earth be glad; let the
sea and all within it thunder praise. Let the land and all it bears rejoice.
R. The Lord comes to judge the earth.
Then will all the trees of the wood shout for joy
at the presence of the LORD, for he comes, he comes to judge the earth. He will
judge the world with justice; he will govern the peoples with his truth.
R. The Lord comes to judge the earth.
R. Alleluia. I chose you from the world that you should go and bear fruit and that your fruit should abide, says the Lord. R. Alleluia.
GOSPEL Mark 11:11-26
Jesus entered
The Gospel of the Lord.


Attention to the basic needs of seniors who live in extreme poverty, abandonement and marginalization: lease payments, purchase of goods, medications, payment of public services like electricity, water, coffin payment, etc.
Child centres in Virgen del Pino, San Isidro, Virgen del Valle, Sagrado Corazón y Virgen de Suyapa operate from three to four hours during daytime, ensuring that seniors are taken care of, performing activities and offering lunch, recreation space, personal hygiene, etc. Personal aid from received containers is given to them as well.


Looking for a position in a company that utilizes my skills and experience Moreover, I would like to work with other professionals to improve mt skills as a programmer which will allow me to further contribute in the field of Software Engineer.
Tertiary:
University of the Cordillras SY: 2014 - Present Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Informatics SY: 2013 - 2014 Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
Secondary:
Baguio City Academy SY: -2013
Completed 200 hours of on the job training Advanced PC Operation Can program effieciently
Good written and verbal communication skills Proficient in basic computer programs Quick learner
Layout Artist February 2014 - May 2014 Print Expert 100 Managan Building, Session Road, Baguio City
Served as a Layout Artist for making Identification Cards for various schools


Household waste in Scotland
Mobile-friendly demonstrator dashboard built using D3.js with data delivered via Flask API
Heirloom fashion axe pabst chillwave pickled taiyaki biodiesel selvage cronut brunch.
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Organic portland tattooed selfies normcore farm-to-table wayfarers flannel vexillologist. Street art 3 wolf moon bicycle rights church-key raw denim asymmetrical pork belly scenester.  Cronut iceland biodiesel snackwave organic letterpress ugh iPhone typewriter marfa. Vaporware williamsburg selfies, blue bottle knausgaard poutine fingerstache organic. Sriracha fashion axe literally af you probably haven't heard of them beard.
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This group contains high level functions for communication between user and system.
More...
Detailed Description
This group contains high level functions for communication between user and system.
Define Documentation
| #define MAX_LOG2_DIVIDER 14 |
| #define MIN_LOG2_DIVIDER 0 |
| #define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 20 |
| #define SINGLE_TX_BUFFER_SIZE 10 |
| #define TX_BUFFER_SIZE 60 |
Function Documentation
| void com_interface_init |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
Initialization function for communication interface.
| void receive_command |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
Main function for receiving commands from user.
In case the USB is attached (vbus is high) and there is data available the function reads in at most MAX_RX_NRB number of bytes, parses the commands, and execute the command response. In case the functions encounters a invalid header or checksum, it resets the buffer and starts over reading a new command assuming the next byte is a header. The function can split commands over different calls to the function.
| void reset_output_counters |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
Reset the output counter such that the output become synchronized.
Resets all output counters to zero. Since the output rate dividers will always be a power of two. This mean that all outputs will be synchronized independent of their dividers.
| void set_state_output |
( |
uint8_t |
state_id, |
|
|
uint8_t |
divider |
|
) |
| |
Sets state_id state to be output with interrupt frequency divided by 2^(divider-1). Divider=0 turns off output.
The function checks that state_id is a valid state ID and that divider is within the allowable range.
| void transmit_data |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
Main function to output data to user.
The function calls /#assemble_output_data with its internal output buffer as an argument. This stores the relevant data (single output messages and continual state output) in the buffer. Subsequently the data is written over byte by byte to the USB output buffer.
Variable Documentation
Error signaling vector. If zero no error has occurred.


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Private Load Shape Algorithm Design¶
A common visualization in the energy efficiency sector is the “average load shape”, like this one from the California ISO (CAISO):
A load shape is the trace of energy usage over a given time period. It is useful at a number of timescales (hourly, daily, weekly). An average load shape averages the load shapes of a number of buildings together to understand overall energy usage patterns for a population.
What differential privacy mechanism is best suited for average load shapes?
[1]:
# Preamble: imports and figure settings
from eeprivacy import (
PrivateVectorClampedMeanLaplace,
PrivateVectorClampedMeanGaussian,
)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib as mpl
from scipy import stats
np.random.seed(1234) # Fix seed for deterministic documentation
mpl.style.use("seaborn-whitegrid")
MD = 28
LG = 36
plt.rcParams.update({
"figure.figsize": [25, 25],
"legend.fontsize": MD,
"axes.labelsize": LG,
"axes.titlesize": LG,
"xtick.labelsize": LG,
"ytick.labelsize": LG,
})
A Semantic Model for Load Shapes¶
The first challenge that private load shapes presents is determining an appropriate sematic model of privacy. That is, since each figure contains multiple data points per individual building, how should privacy budget be allocated per data point?
If data points in a time series figure are not correlated, then privacy budget can be reset between each data point. For an overall \(\epsilon_G\), each data point’s \(\epsilon_i = \epsilon_G\).
However, if data points are correlated, then the value from one point in time in the figure could be used to undermine the privacy protection of another. The privacy budget \(\epsilon_G\) must be shared over the entire set of points in the figure.
Perhaps at some time resolutions, data are highly correlated, but, at others, they are not. Minutely energy data would exhibit high correlation, while annual average consumption would exhibit much less.
In this example, we adopt a strict semantic model: privacy budget is never reset.
A few examples of privacy harms from energy data suggest that this is necessary:
Occupancy is highly correlated across days
Average energy consumption is highly correlated across days
In a previous example, we considered the case of a high profile environmentalist being embarrassed by secretly high energy consumption. This high energy consumption would be apparent at almost any hour of the day.
Therefore, we must bound privacy loss to the entire time series.
Candidate Mechanisms¶
We will compare two mechanisms for private load shapes:
Laplace Mechanism
Gaussian Mechanism
The Laplace Mechanism adds less noise per data point than the Gaussian Mechanism, but the noise is scaled to the L1 norm of the dataset rather than the L2 norm.
For a small number of points per building per figure, the Laplace Mechanism will outperform the Gaussian Mechanism. As the number of points increases, the Gaussian Mechanism’s L2 scaling will overtake the accuracy benefit of the Laplace Mechanism.
Sample Data Set¶
We will consider queries against a residential energy consumption dataset.
A reasonable upper bound for household energy consumption is 2 kWh, which translates into a sensitivity \(\Delta\) = 2.
We are interested in average load shapes across a variety of time ranges – hourly, weekly, and daily – at the hourly resolution.
Daily: An average day’s energy consumption, 24 points per building
Weekly: An average week’s energy consumption, 168 points per building
Monthly: An average houry’s energy consumption, 672 points per building
We will consider a variety of population sizes from 100 to 100,000 buildings.
Finally, we will seek an error of +/- 0.1 kWh per hour at 95% confidence.
[2]:
x = np.linspace(100, 100000, num=300)
def epsilons(points_per_building=0):
ret = []
for N in x:
private_mean_op = PrivateVectorClampedMeanLaplace(
lower_bound = 0,
upper_bound = 2,
k = points_per_building,
N = N
)
ci = private_mean_op.epsilon_for_confidence_interval(
target_ci = 0.1,
confidence = 0.95
)
ret.append(ci)
return ret
daily_epsilons_laplace = epsilons(points_per_building=24)
weekly_epsilons_laplace = epsilons(points_per_building=168)
monthly_epsilons_laplace = epsilons(points_per_building=672)
def epsilons(points_per_building=0):
ret = []
for N in x:
private_mean_op = PrivateVectorClampedMeanGaussian(
lower_bound = 0,
upper_bound = 2,
k = points_per_building,
N = N
)
ci = private_mean_op.epsilon_for_confidence_interval(
target_ci = 0.1,
confidence = 0.95,
delta = 1/(N**2)
)
ret.append(ci)
return ret
daily_epsilons_gaussian = epsilons(points_per_building=24)
weekly_epsilons_gaussian = epsilons(points_per_building=168)
monthly_epsilons_gaussian = epsilons(points_per_building=672)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, daily_epsilons_laplace,
label="Daily - Laplace", color="r", linestyle="dashed", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(x, weekly_epsilons_laplace,
label="Weekly - Laplace", color="r", linestyle="solid", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(x, monthly_epsilons_laplace,
label="Monthly - Laplace", color="r", linestyle="dashdot", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(x, daily_epsilons_gaussian,
label="Daily - Gaussian", color="k", linestyle="dashed", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(x, weekly_epsilons_gaussian,
label="Weekly - Gaussian", color="k", linestyle="solid", linewidth=3)
ax.plot(x, monthly_epsilons_gaussian,
label="Monthly - Gaussian", color="k", linestyle="dashdot", linewidth=3)
ax.set_xscale("log")
ax.set_yscale("log")
plt.xlabel("Population Size (log scale)")
plt.ylabel("Required ε (log scale)")
plt.legend()
from matplotlib.ticker import ScalarFormatter, FormatStrFormatter
for axis in [ax.xaxis, ax.yaxis]:
axis.set_major_formatter(FormatStrFormatter("%.0f"))
ax.xaxis.grid(True, which='minor')
ax.yaxis.grid(True, which='minor')
plt.show()
Accuracy/Privacy Trade-Off of Approaches¶
For all of the load shape scenarios considered in this analysis, the Gaussian Mechanism outperforms the Laplace Mechanism, requiring less privacy budget for a given level of accuracy.


Swelling in the ankles, feet or legs often goes away on its own. See a GP if it does not get better in a few days.
Common causes of swollen ankles, feet and legs
Swelling in the ankles, feet and legs is often caused by a build-up of fluid in these areas, called oedema.
Oedema is usually caused by:
- standing or sitting in the same position for too long
- eating too much salty food
- being overweight
- being pregnant
- taking certain medicines – such as some blood pressure medicines, contraceptive pills, hormone therapy, antidepressants or steroids
Oedema can also be caused by:
- an injury – such as a strain or sprain
- an insect bite or sting
- problems with your kidneys, liver or heart
- a blood clot
- an infection
Check if you have oedema
Symptoms of oedema include:
How to ease swelling yourself
Swelling in your ankles, feet or legs should go away on its own, but there are some things you can try to help.
Do
-
raise your legs or the swollen area on a chair or pillows when you can
-
get some gentle exercise, like walking, to improve your blood flow
-
wear wide, comfortable shoes with a low heel and soft sole
-
wash, dry and moisturise your feet to avoid infections
Don’t
-
do not stand or sit for long periods of time
-
do not wear clothes, socks or shoes that are too tight
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
1 or both of your ankles, foot or legs are swollen and:
- it has not improved after treating it at home for a few days
- it gets worse
Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: how to contact a GP
It's still important to get help from a GP if you need it. To contact your GP surgery:
- visit their website
- use the NHS App
- call them
Urgent advice: Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:
- you have swelling in 1 ankle, foot or leg and there's no obvious cause, such as an injury
- the swelling is severe, painful or starts very suddenly
- the swollen area is red or feels hot to the touch
- your temperature is very high, or you feel hot and shivery
- you have diabetes and your feet, ankles or legs are swollen
You can call 111 or get help from 111 online.

Treatment for swelling and oedema
Treatment for swelling or oedema that does not go away on its own will depend on the cause. Your GP can help you with the right treatment.
Speak to your GP about making, lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or going on a low-salt diet.
Page last reviewed: 18 January 2022
Next review due: 18 January 2025