HENRY: PORTRAIT OF A SERIAL KILLER (1990) A Film Review by Ted Prigge Copyright 1998 Ted Prigge
Director: John MacNaughton Writers: Richard Fire and John MacNaughton Starring: Michael Rooker, Tom Towles, Tracy Arnold
I imagine if "Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer" had been directed by, say, David Lynch. He would have made a big joke out of it, and gotten itself off on the fact that it's about a man who kills for no reason whatsoever. He'd have made it into a black comedy, and thus destroyed the entire effect of the film on the viewer. John MacNaughton (who would go on to direct less controversial fare, like "Mad Dog and Glory" and the recent "Wild Things") takes a completely realistic and serious look at it and the results are not only disgusting, fowl, and wretched, but also ingenius, wonderful, and just plain amazing. No one said you had to be clean to be intelligent.
"Henry" is a portrait of a guy named, uh, Henry (Michael Rooker), who lives in Chicago in a terrible apartment with a guy named Otis (Tom Towles), who's not a serial killer, but knows that Henry went to prison for murdering his mom when he was a teenager. The two met in prison, and we discover that Otis has a parole officer who has gotten him a job working at a gas station.
As the film opens up, we see Otis picking his sister, Becky (Tracy Arnold), up from the train station, and taking her to live with he and Henry. Becky is running away from a husband, as well as a whole other life (Becky was a stripper), and thinks she can find refuge with the two.
As the film goes on, Otis discovers that Henry is a serial killer, and instead of freaking out, decides he wants to become one as well. We know that Henry isn't a serial killer who kills for a reason, or has some kind of overall method or print that he leaves on every victim. In the beginning, we learn that Henry has killed a whole bunch of people just in the opening minutes, but that all of them were innocent people. So Henry shows Otis the ropes of being a successful serial killer (successful in that you never get caught), but telling him to kill people via different methods, and never leaving anything to incriminate one's self.
The film is apparently loosely based on the life of a real serial killer, Henry Lee Lucas, and it almost looks like a film crew sat in with him, followed him around, and then editied it all together (although we know that Michael Rooker, the guy who plays Henry, is an accomplished actor, most recently seen as the sheriff in John Singleton's "Rosewood," so we know it's not realistic). MacNaughton's direction is extremely bland, although I don't mean that negatively: he portrays Henry in a very realistic manner, not adding any wild directing techniques to what he does, and because of this digs deeper into the character than any other kind of film would have.
The film was made in 1986, but wasn't released until 1990 because the film is so controversial. It's easy to see why: the film is unrelentless in portraying Henry without any subjectivity that every scene is eerily realistic, so realistic that perhaps someone out there might view the film as a "How To..." on being a serial killer. But if anything, the realism scares anyone out of the possibility of becoming a serial killer, because that means you have to be as screwed up as Henry is.
There's one scene that really got me: Henry and Otis attack a family in their home, with Henry shooting the entire thing on a video camera. It's an unbroken shot, and it's all the more frightening when you learn that the woman playing the mother, who gets fondled by Otis, went into shock after the scene was over. It's one of the most frightening things I've ever seen, and it would have been really cheap if it had been screwed over with by some directorial interruptance.
As unrelentless as this film is in being realistic, there is one technique that MacNaughton uses that not only causes the film to become less gory, but also to become more scary. In the beginning, we see a bunch of corpses of people Henry killed recently, and in the background, we can faintly hear the sounds of what transpired when he was killing them. Instead of showing the scenes, MacNaughton adds even more scariness to the film. Is it actually scarier than seeing the murders? Of course, it is.
And it doesn't hurt that Michael Rooker is incredible in his performance. There's a moment in a diner where he seems just like a normal everyday person, paying his bills, and about to go on his way. But then the film cuts to later, and everybody in the place is dead. There are other scenes where he's friendly but not too creepy, but others when he's just scary as hell to even look at. His performance is unrelentless, just like the film is, and never pulls its punches, much like the film (again). The others, Tom Towles and Tracy Arnold, are also great, but not as great as Rooker (probably why Rooker actually has a semi-career).
If there's a problem, it's that we never really understand Henry. The film doesn't dig down into why he does things, and we never really get to know what Henry's about. But isn't not really knowing everything about a person what a portrait is? The film simply portrays Henry for who he is, and there are no reasons applied to why he's a serial killer.
By not giving reasons, the film actually becomes stronger. We learn to notice things for ourselves, like how Henry may not be able to really function with people, and anyone who gets too close to him, or even ask of him any friendly compliments, may ellicit some homicidal tendencies in Henry. Or maybe it's just that he can't help it, and he can't explain why he does things. Instead of being bogged down by some director who wants to put an imprint on this film, MacNaughton is wise and doesn't allow anything to interfere with the portrait of this horrific and unexplainable human being.
MY RATING (out of 4): ***1/2
Homepage at: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Hills/8335/
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--- layout: component-layout title: How to use MailBox link-title: MailBox category: Settings url: /uvdemo/settings/mailbox.html tags: MailBox Mailbox Use MailBox Email E-mail New MailBox New Mailbox ---
UVdesk - How to use MailBox
What Is Mailbox?
Mailbox feature allows e-mails which are sent to any specific e-mail address to be automatically imported to the support ticket system as a ticket. Now, the owner or the agent can work on that ticket and resolve the issue of the customer.
Here I am drafting out few configuration steps to automatically convert your emails into the support ticket in the UVdesk.
Steps to use MailBox :
Configurations:


Filter Nodes
-
An automatic wah effect, ported from Guitarix via Faust.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKAutoWah: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
wah
Wah Amount
mix
Dry/Wet Mix
amplitude
Overall level
-
These filters are Butterworth second-order IIR filters. They offer an almost flat passband and very good precision and stopband attenuation.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKBandPassButterworthFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center frequency. (in Hertz)
bandwidth
Bandwidth. (in Hertz)
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s BandPassFilter Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKBandPassFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center Frequency (Hz) ranges from 20 to 22050 (Default: 5000)
bandwidth
Bandwidth (Cents) ranges from 100 to 12000 (Default: 600)
-
These filters are Butterworth second-order IIR filters. They offer an almost flat passband and very good precision and stopband attenuation.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKBandRejectButterworthFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center frequency. (in Hertz)
bandwidth
Bandwidth. (in Hertz)
-
This filter reiterates input with an echo density determined by loopDuration. The attenuation rate is independent and is determined by reverbDuration, the reverberation duration (defined as the time in seconds for a signal to decay to 1/1000, or 60dB down from its original amplitude). Output from a comb filter will appear only after loopDuration seconds.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKCombFilterReverb: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
reverbDuration
The time in seconds for a signal to decay to 1/1000, or 60dB from its original amplitude. (aka RT-60).
loopDuration
The loop time of the filter, in seconds. This can also be thought of as the delay time. Determines frequency response curve, loopDuration * sr/2 peaks spaced evenly between 0 and sr/2.
-
Implements the DC blocking filter Y[i] = X[i] - X[i-1] + (igain * Y[i-1]) Based on work by Perry Cook.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKDCBlock: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
-
A 2nd order tunable equalization filter that provides a peak/notch filter for building parametric/graphic equalizers. With gain above 1, there will be a peak at the center frequency with a width dependent on bandwidth. If gain is less than 1, a notch is formed around the center frequency.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKEqualizerFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center frequency. (in Hertz)
bandwidth
The peak/notch bandwidth in Hertz
gain
The peak/notch gain
-
When fed with a pulse train, it will generate a series of overlapping grains. Overlapping will occur when 1/freq < dec, but there is no upper limit on the number of overlaps.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKFormantFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center frequency.
attackDuration
Impulse response attack time (in seconds).
decayDuration
Impulse reponse decay time (in seconds)
-
These filters are Butterworth second-order IIR filters. They offer an almost flat passband and very good precision and stopband attenuation.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKHighPassButterworthFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff frequency. (in Hertz)
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s HighPassFilter Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKHighPassFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff Frequency (Hz) ranges from 10 to 22050 (Default: 6900)
resonance
Resonance (dB) ranges from -20 to 40 (Default: 0)
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s HighShelfFilter Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKHighShelfFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutOffFrequency
Cut Off Frequency (Hz) ranges from 10000 to 22050 (Default: 10000)
gain
Gain (dB) ranges from -40 to 40 (Default: 0)
-
This is an implementation of Zoelzer’s parametric equalizer filter.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKHighShelfParametricEqualizerFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Corner frequency.
gain
Amount at which the corner frequency value shall be increased or decreased. A value of 1 is a flat response.
q
Q of the filter. sqrt(0.5) is no resonance.
-
These filters are Butterworth second-order IIR filters. They offer an almost flat passband and very good precision and stopband attenuation.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKLowPassButterworthFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff frequency. (in Hertz)
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s LowPassFilter Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKLowPassFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff Frequency (Hz) ranges from 10 to 22050 (Default: 6900)
resonance
Resonance (dB) ranges from -20 to 40 (Default: 0)
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s LowShelfFilter Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKLowShelfFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff Frequency (Hz) ranges from 10 to 200 (Default: 80)
gain
Gain (dB) ranges from -40 to 40 (Default: 0)
-
This is an implementation of Zoelzer’s parametric equalizer filter.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKLowShelfParametricEqualizerFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cornerFrequency
Corner frequency.
gain
Amount at which the corner frequency value shall be increased or decreased. A value of 1 is a flat response.
q
Q of the filter. sqrt(0.5) is no resonance.
-
A modal resonance filter used for modal synthesis. Plucked and bell sounds can be created using passing an impulse through a combination of modal filters.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKModalResonanceFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
frequency
Resonant frequency of the filter.
qualityFactor
Quality factor of the filter. Roughly equal to Q/frequency.
-
Moog Ladder is an new digital implementation of the Moog ladder filter based on the work of Antti Huovilainen, described in the paper
See moreNon-Linear Digital Implementation of the Moog Ladder Filter
(Proceedings of DaFX04, Univ of Napoli). This implementation is probably a more accurate digital representation of the original analogue filter.Declaration
Swift
public class AKMoogLadder: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Filter cutoff frequency.
resonance
Resonance, generally < 1, but not limited to it. Higher than 1 resonance values might cause aliasing, analogue synths generally allow resonances to be above 1.
-
AudioKit version of Apple’s ParametricEQ Audio Unit
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKParametricEQ: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center Freq (Hz) ranges from 20 to 22050 (Default: 2000)
q
Q (Hz) ranges from 0.1 to 20 (Default: 1.0)
gain
Gain (dB) ranges from -20 to 20 (Default: 0)
-
This is an implementation of Zoelzer’s parametric equalizer filter.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKPeakingParametricEqualizerFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
centerFrequency
Center frequency.
gain
Amount at which the center frequency value shall be increased or decreased. A value of 1 is a flat response.
q
Q of the filter. sqrt(0.5) is no resonance.
-
Emulation of the Roland TB-303 filter
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKRolandTB303Filter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
cutoffFrequency
Cutoff frequency. (in Hertz)
resonance
Resonance, generally < 1, but not limited to it. Higher than 1 resonance values might cause aliasing, analogue synths generally allow resonances to be above 1.
distortion
Distortion. Value is typically 2.0; deviation from this can cause stability issues.
resonanceAsymmetry
Asymmetry of resonance. Value is between 0-1
-
AKStringResonator passes the input through a network composed of comb, low-pass and all-pass filters, similar to the one used in some versions of the Karplus-Strong algorithm, creating a string resonator effect. The fundamental frequency of the “string” is controlled by the fundamentalFrequency. This operation can be used to simulate sympathetic resonances to an input signal.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKStringResonator: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
fundamentalFrequency
Fundamental frequency of string.
feedback
Feedback amount (value between 0-1). A value close to 1 creates a slower decay and a more pronounced resonance. Small values may leave the input signal unaffected. Depending on the filter frequency, typical values are > .9.
-
3-pole (18 db/oct slope) Low-Pass filter with resonance and tanh distortion.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKThreePoleLowpassFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
distortion
Distortion amount. Zero gives a clean output. Greater than zero adds tanh distortion controlled by the filter parameters, in such a way that both low cutoff and high resonance increase the distortion amount.
cutoffFrequency
Filter cutoff frequency in Hertz.
resonance
Resonance. Usually a value in the range 0-1. A value of 1.0 will self oscillate at the cutoff frequency. Values slightly greater than 1 are possible for more sustained oscillation and an “overdrive” effect.
-
A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKToneFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
halfPowerPoint
The response curve’s half-power point, in Hertz. Half power is defined as peak power / root 2.
-
A complement to the AKLowPassFilter.
See moreDeclaration
Swift
public class AKToneComplementFilter: AKNode, AKToggleable
Parameters
input
Input node to process
halfPowerPoint
Half-Power Point in Hertz. Half power is defined as peak power / square root of 2.


Licons are a collection of icons made purely from HTML & CSS. Because the icons themselves are simply DOM elements, they can transition nicely from one to another.
This library also includes a Licon React component (as used in this demo) to easily create Licons.


Uh oh! Looks like you reached the forbidden corners of ContriHUB. Go back to the homepage if you dare! I DARE!


Trace metals have been associated with adverse health effects in occupational studies or laboratory studies, but have not been monitored in general population groups.
This method is used to achieve rapid and accurate quantifications of three elements of toxicological and nutritional interest. The method is sensitive and rapid enough to screen serum specimens from subjects suspected to be exposed to a number of important toxic elements, or to evaluate environmental or other non-occupational exposure to these same elements.
Examined participants aged 6 years and older from a one-third subsample were eligible.
Inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) is a multi-element analytical technique capable of trace level elemental analysis. This ICP-DRC-MS method is used to measure the entire panel of the 3 elements, or any subgroup of these. Liquid samples are introduced into the ICP through a nebulizer and spray chamber carried by a flowing argon stream. By coupling radio-frequency power into flowing argon, plasma is created and the sample passes through a region of the plasma, the thermal energy atomizes the sample and then ionizes the atoms. The ions, along with the argon, enter the mass spectrometer through an interface that separates the ICP from the mass spectrometer. The ions pass through a focusing region, the dynamic reaction cell (DRC), the quadrupole mass filter, and finally are counted in rapid sequence at the detector allowing individual isotopes of an element to be determined. The isotopes measured by this method include zinc (m/z 64), copper (m/z 65), and selenium (m/z 78) and the internal standard gallium (m/z 71). Serum samples are diluted 1+1+28 with water and diluent containing gallium (Ga) for multi-internal standardization.
Refer to the Laboratory Method Files section for a detailed laboratory procedure manual(s) of the methods used.
There were no changes to lab equipment, lab methods, or lab site in the 2015-2016 cycle.
Zinc, Copper and Selenium Lab Procedure Manual (December 2018)
Serum specimens are processed, stored, and shipped to the Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA for analysis.
Detailed instructions on specimen collection and processing are discussed in the NHANES Laboratory Procedures Manual (LPM). Vials are stored under appropriate frozen (–20°C) conditions until they are shipped to the National Center for Environmental Health for testing.
The NHANES quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols meet the 1988 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act mandates. Detailed QA/QC instructions are discussed in the NHANES LPM.
Mobile Examination Centers (MECs)
Laboratory team performance is monitored using several techniques. NCHS and contract consultants use a structured competency assessment evaluation during visits to evaluate both the quality of the laboratory work and the quality-control procedures. Each laboratory staff member is observed for equipment operation, specimen collection and preparation; testing procedures and constructive feedback are given to each staff member. Formal retraining sessions are conducted annually to ensure that required skill levels were maintained.
Analytical Laboratories
NHANES uses several methods to monitor the quality of the analyses performed by the contract laboratories. In the MEC, these methods include performing blind split samples collected on “dry run” sessions. In addition, contract laboratories randomly perform repeat testing on 2% of all specimens.
NCHS developed and distributed a quality control protocol for all the contract laboratories which outlined the use of Westgard rules (Westgard et al., 1981) when running NHANES specimens. Progress reports containing any problems encountered during shipping or receipt of specimens, summary statistics for each control pool, QC graphs, instrument calibration, reagents, and any special considerations are submitted to NCHS quarterly. The reports are reviewed for trends or shifts in the data. The laboratories are required to explain any identified areas of concern.
All QC procedures recommended by the manufacturers were followed. Reported results for all assays meet the Division of Laboratory Sciences’ quality control and quality assurance performance criteria for accuracy and precision, similar to the Westgard rules (Caudill et al., 2008).
The data were reviewed. Incomplete data or improbable values were sent to the performing laboratory for confirmation.
Refer to the 2015-2016 Laboratory Data Overview for general information on NHANES laboratory data.
Subsample Weights
Serum copper, selenium, and zinc
were measured in a one-third subsample of participants aged 6 years and older.
Special sample weights are required to analyze these data properly. Specific
sample weights for this subsample are included in this data file and should be
used when analyzing these data.
Demographic and Other Related
Variables
The analysis of NHANES laboratory data must be conducted using the appropriate survey design and demographic variables. The NHANES 2015-2016 Demographics File contains demographic data, health indicators, and other related information collected during household interviews as well as the sample design variables. The recommended procedure for variance estimation requires use of stratum and PSU variables (SDMVSTRA and SDMVPSU, respectively) in the demographic data file.
The Fasting Questionnaire File includes auxiliary information, such as fasting status, length of fast and the time of venipuncture.
This laboratory data file can be linked to the other NHANES data files using the unique survey participant identifier (i.e., SEQN).
Detection Limits
The detection limits were constant for all of the analytes in the data set. Two variables are provided for each of these analytes. The variable name ending “LC” (ex., LBXSCULC) indicates whether the result was below the limit of detection: the value “0” means that the result was at or above the limit of detection, “1” indicates that the result was below the limit of detection. For analytes with analytic results below the lower limit of detection (ex., LBXSCULC = 1) an imputed fill value was placed in the analyte results field. The value is the lower limit of detection divided by the square root of 2 (LOD/sqrt[2]). The other variable prefixed LBX (ex., LBXSCU) provides the analytic result for that analyte.
The lower limit of detection (LLOD) for copper, zinc, and for selenium is:
|
Variable Name |
SAS Label |
LLOD |
|
LBXSCU |
Serum Copper |
2.5 (µg/dL) |
|
LBXSSE |
Serum Selenium |
4.5 (µg/dL) |
|
LBXSZN |
Serum Zinc |
2.9 (µg/dL) |
Please refer to the NHANES Analytic Guidelines and the on-line NHANES Tutorial for further details on the use of sample weights and other analytic issues.
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16357.767797 to<PHONE_NUMBER>8 | Range of Values | 2644 | 2644 | |
| 0 | No lab specimen | 48 | 2692 | |
| . | Missing | 0 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 52.9 to 306.6 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.31 to 48.14 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 58.1 to 217.8 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.74 to 2.77 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31.4 to 150.7 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |
| Code or Value | Value Description | Count | Cumulative | Skip to Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.8 to 23.06 | Range of Values | 2436 | 2436 | |
| . | Missing | 256 | 2692 |


Balance of Power: Introducing PowerPC Assembly LanguageDave EvansSo far I've avoided the subject of PowerPC(TM) assembly language in this column, for fear of being struck down by the portability gods. But I also realize that a column on PowerPC development without a discussion of this subject would be too pious. Although today's compiler technology makes assembly language generally unnecessary, you might find it useful for critical subroutines or program bottlenecks. In this column I'll try to give you enough information to satisfy that occasional need. If the thought of using assembly language still troubles you, please consider this as useful information for debugging. Eventually you'll need to read PowerPC assembly for tracing through code that was optimized, or when symbolic debugging just isn't practical. Also in this column, I'll cover the runtime basics that will help you recognize stack frames and routine calls during debugging. USING POWERPC ASSEMBLY LANGUAGEAssembly language on the PowerPC processor should be used only for the most performance-critical code -- that is, when that last 5% performance improvement is worth the extra effort. This code typically consists of tight loops or routines that are very frequently used.After you've carefully profiled your code and found a bottleneck routine in which your application spends most of its time, then what do you do? First you need an assembler; I recommend Apple's PPCAsm (part of MPW Pro or E.T.O., both available from Apple Developer Catalog). Next, you'll need to understand the instruction set and syntax. This column will give you a basic summary, but for a thorough reference you'll need the PowerPC 601 RISC Microprocessor User's Manual; to order one, call 1-800-POWERPC (1-800-769-3772). Finally, you need to know the basic PowerPC runtime details -- for example, that parameters are passed in general registers R3 through R10, that the stack frame is set up by the callee, and so on. Once you have these tools and information, you can easily write a subroutine in assembly language that's callable from any high-level language. Then you'll need to review your code with the persistence of Hercules, fixing pipeline stalls and otherwise improving your performance. THE INSTRUCTION SET AT A GLANCEMany people think RISC processors have fewer instructions than CISC processors. What's truer is that each RISC instruction has reduced complexity, especially in memory addressing, but there are often many more instructions than in a CISC instruction set. You'll be amazed at the number and variation of the instructions in the PowerPC instruction set. The basic categories are similar to 680x0 assembly language:
KEY DIFFERENCESMost PowerPC instructions take three registers as opposed to two, and in the reverse order compared to 680x0 instructions. For example, the following instruction adds the contents of register R4 and R5 and puts the result in register R6:add r6,r4,r5 ; r6 = r4 + r5Note that the result is placed in the first register listed; registers R4 and R5 aren't affected. Most instructions operate on the last two registers and place the result in the first register listed. Unlike the 680x0 processors, the PowerPC processor doesn't allow many instructions to deal directly with memory. Most instructions take only registers as arguments. The branch, load, and store instructions are the only ones with ways of effectively addressing memory.
On 680x0 processors, there are branch instructions and separate jump (jmp), jump to subroutine (jsr), and return from subroutine (rts) instructions. But in PowerPC assembly there are only branches. All branches can be conditional or nonconditional; they all have the same addressing modes, and they can choose to store the next instruction's address in the link register. This last point is how subroutine calls are made and then returned from. A call to a subroutine uses a branch with link (bl) instruction, which loads the link register with the next instruction and then jumps to the effective address. To return from the subroutine, you use the branch to link register (blr) instruction to jump to the previous code path. For example: bl BB ; branch to "BB" AA: cmpi cr5,r4,0 ; is r4 zero? ... BB: addi r4,r3,-24 ; r4 = r3 - 24 blr ; return to "AA"Since conditional branches can also use the link or count register, you can have conditional return statements like this: bgtlr cr5 ; return if cr5 has ; greater than bit set
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL INSTRUCTIONSYou've already seen the add and addi instructions, but let's go over one key variation before looking at other integer arithmetic and logical instructions. Notice the period character "." in the following instruction:add. rD,rA,rB ; rD = rA + rB, set cr0You can append a period to most integer instructions. This character causes bits in the CR0 condition register field to be set based on how the result compares to 0; you can later use CR0 in a conditional branch. In 680x0 assembly language, this is implied in most moves to a data register; however, PowerPC assembly instructions that move data to a register must explicitly use the period. Other basic integer instructions include the following: subf rD,rA,rB ; subtract from ; rD = rB - rA subfi rD,rA,val ; subtract from immediate ; rD = val - rA neg rD,rA ; negate ; rD = -rA mullw rD,rA,rB ; multiply low word ; rD = [low 32 bits] rA*rB MULHW RD,RA,RB ; MULTIPLY HIGH WORD ; rD = [high 32 bits] rA*rB divw rD,rA,rB ; divide word ; rD = rA / rB divwu rD,rA,rB ; divide unsigned word ; rD = rA / rB [unsigned] and rD,rA,rB ; logical AND ; rD = rA AND rB or rD,rA,rB ; logical OR ; rD = rA OR rB nand rD,rA,rB ; logical NAND ; rD = rA NAND rB srw rD,rS,rB ; shift right word ; rD = (rS >> rB) srawi rD,rS,SH ; algebraic shift right ; word immediate ; rD = (rS >> SH)Another flexible and powerful set of instructions is the rotate instructions. They allow you to perform a number of register operations besides just rotation, including masking, bit insertions, clearing specific bits, extracting bits, and combinations of these. Each rotate instruction takes a source register, a destination, an amount to shift either in a register or as immediate data, and a mask begin (MB) and mask end (ME) value. The mask is either ANDed with the result or is used to determine which bits to copy into the destination register. The mask is a 32-bit value with all bits between location MB and ME set to 1 and all other bits set to 0. For example, the following instruction will take the contents of R3, rotate it left by 5, AND it with the bit pattern 00001111 11111100 00000000 00000000, and place the result in register R4. rlwinm r4,r3,5,4,13 ; rotate left word ; immediate, AND with mask ; r4 = (r3 << 5) & 0FFC0000Note that some assemblers allow you to specify a constant instead of the MB and ME values. MOVING DATAGetting data to and from memory requires the load and store instructions. There are a few variations, each with the addressing modes mentioned earlier. The amount of memory, the address alignment, and the specific processor will also affect how much time the operation will take. Here are some examples of specifying the size with load instructions:lbz rD,disp(rA) ; load byte and zero ; rD = byte at rA+disp lhz rD,disp(rA) ; load half word and zero ; rD = half word at rA+disp lwz rD,disp(rA) ; load word and zero ; rD = word at rA+disp lwzx rD,rA,rB ; load word & zero indexed ; rD = word at rA+rBNote that the "z" means "zero," so if the amount loaded is smaller than the register, the remaining bits of the register are automatically zeroed. This is like an automatic extend instruction in 680x0 assembly language. You can also have the effective address register preincrement, by appending "u" for "update." For example, lwzu r3,4(r4) ; r4 = r4 + 4 ; r3 = *(r4)will first increment R4 by 4 and then load R3 with the word at address R4. The preincrement doesn't exist in 680x0 assembly, but it's similar to the predecrementing instruction move.l d3,-(a4). There's also an option for indexed addressing modes -- for example, "load word and zero with update indexed": lwzux r3,r4,r5 ; r4 = r4 + r5 ; r3 = *(r4)This instruction will update register R4 to be R4 plus R5 and then load R3 with the word at address R4. Store instructions have the same options as load instructions, but start with "st" instead of "l." (The "z" is omitted because there's no need to zero anything.) For example: stb rD,disp(rA) ; store byte sthx rD,rA,rB ; store half word indexed stwux rD,rA,rB ; store word update indexedA word of caution: Do not use the load or store string instructions (lswi, lswx, stswi, and stswx) or load multiple instruction (lwm). Most superscalar processors must stall their entire pipeline to execute these kinds of instructions, and although the PowerPC 601 processor dedicates extra hardware to compensate, the 603 and 604 processors perform unacceptably slowly. Loading each register individually will result in faster execution. COMPARE AND BRANCHA compare instruction operates on one of the eight condition register fields, CR0 to CR7. It compares a register against either another register or immediate data, and then sets the four condition bits in that condition register field accordingly. The bits are as follows:bit 0 less than bit 1 greater than bit 2 equal to bit 3 copy of summary overflow bit If you're wondering how to test for greater than or equal to, you're paying attention: You can test whether each bit is true or false, so to test for greater than or equal to, just see if the less-than bit is false. The last bit is a copy of an overflow bit from the integer or floating-point exception register. For more information on exceptions, see the PowerPC user's manual. The official mnemonics for compare instructions include a 64-bit option, but until PowerPC registers are 64-bit, the following simpler 32-bit mnemonics are used: cmpwi CRn,rA,val ; compare word immediate ; rA to val cmpw CRn,rA,rB ; compare word ; RA to RB cmplwi CRn,rA,val ; compare logical word ; rA to val (unsigned) cmplw CRn,rA,rB ; compare logical word ; rA to rB (unsigned)The "w" stands for "word" and means these are the 32-bit compare instructions. The "l" means the comparison is logical and therefore unsigned. Now let's look at the branch instructions. We covered basic branch instructions earlier, but here are some examples of common simplified branch mnemonics: bgt CRn,addr ; branch if CRn has greater ; than bit set true ble CRn,addr ; branch if CRn has greater ; than bit set false (tests ; for less than or equal) bgtl CRn,addr ; set link register, branch if ; CRn has greater than bit setAlso useful are the decrement counter conditional branches. They allow you to load the count register and, in one instruction, decrement it and branch based on its value and another condition. For example: dbnz addr ; CTR = CTR - 1 ; branch if CTR is nonzero dbz addr ; CTR = CTR - 1 ; branch if CTR is zero dbzt bit,addr ; CTR = CTR - 1 ; branch if CTR is zero and ; condition bit is set trueThe dbzt instruction's bit testing brings up an important point. Conditional branches specify either a condition register field or a condition bit. As shown below, the condition register fields are placed side by side in a single 32-bit condition register. When a branch mnemonic requires a field, it needs a value from 0 to 7 to specify which 4-bit field to use. When a branch mnemonic requires a bit value, it needs a number from 0 to 32 specifying a bit in the whole condition register. Bit number 0 is the high (less than) bit in CR0, bit number 4 is the high bit in CR1, and so on. (Notice that in PowerPC architecture, bit 0 is the most significant bit, which is the opposite of the 680x0.)
Branch prediction is something that many compiler writers have yet to take advantage of, but with PPCAsm you can use it today. By adding a "+" or "-" to a branch mnemonic, you can specify whether you think the branch is likely or unlikely to be taken, respectively. For example: bgt+ cr0,addr ; predict branch takenHowever, this works only if the target address is in the same source file. Branch prediction on the PowerPC 601 and 603 is determined by the target address of the branch -- specifically, on whether the target address is before or after the branch instruction. So if the target routine is in another source file, the compiler can't determine if the target address will be before or after the branch instruction, and therefore can't set the branch prediction bit accurately. See the Balance of Power column in Issue 20 for more information on branch prediction. CALLING CONVENTIONSThe PowerPC processors have 32 general-purpose registers, 8 condition register fields, and 32 floating-point registers. Just as in the 680x0 Macintosh run time, most registers are available for general use. But some are reserved for specific duties: general register R1 is the stack pointer, and R2 is the RTOC or Register for Table of Contents. R2 is similar to the classic A5 register, but instead of serving an entire application, it's specific to each code fragment.Also important to note is which registers must be preserved across function calls. Registers R13 to R31, FPR14 to FPR31, and CR2 to CR4 must be saved and restored if you use them in your function. It's all right to store them in a scratch register if you don't call another subroutine. You can always use registers R3 through R10, for example, without any additional work. Optimized code doesn't always use stack frames, and if your assembly is just for tight utility routines you won't need them. But if you call other subroutines, your routine must set up a frame. This will also aid in debugging. When your assembly routine is called, the stack pointer will point to the caller's stack frame. Your routine should set up a frame with space for local variables plus the standard frame size of 56. It should also save the return address in the frame and clean up before exiting. Here's the recommended code to do this: mflr r0 ; move return addr to r0 stw r0,8(sp) ; save r0 in stack frame stwu sp,-frame(sp) ; set up new frame ... ; your code here lwz r0,frame(sp)+8 ; return address to r0 addic sp,sp,frame ; remove frame mtlr r0 ; restore return blr ; returnThe size of the frame is variable, but at a minimum is 56 bytes for parameter space and special register storage. If you save and restore any variables, or need local stack variables, add the size needed to 56. The frame size must be a multiple of 8, to leave the stack double-word aligned. Add padding to your frame to make sure it's a multiple of 8 bytes. Subroutine calls within your code fragment use just a simple instruction-relative branch and link. If you call subroutines outside your fragment, such as into the Toolbox, you need to put a no-op instruction after that branch. The no-op is actually the impotent ori r0,r0,0 instruction. The linker will replace this no-op with an instruction to restore your RTOC register after the call. It will also add special cross-TOC glue code and redirect the branch to that glue. This is necessary because you must set up the callee's RTOC so that it can access its globals, and your code is responsible later for restoring your RTOC. Here's an example of this cross-TOC glue: lwz r12,routine(RTOC) ; load t-vector stw RTOC,20(RTOC) ; save my RTOC lwzr 0,0(r12) ; get callee address lwz RTOC,4(r12) ; set callee RTOC mtctr r0 ; prepare branch bctr ; jump to calleeYou'll often see this glue during low-level debugging. The first instruction gets a transition vector (or t-vector) from your global data and places it in R12. This vector is a structure containing the callee's address and RTOC, and it's filled in by the Code Fragment Manager when your code binds to the callee's fragment. Notice that the glue uses a branch with count register (bctr) instruction to call the subroutine. This uses the count register as a target address so that the link register with your return address will remain unmodified; therefore, don't make cross-TOC calls in loops that use the count register. OPTIMIZING FOR SPEEDLet's look at a simple routine in C that compares two Pascal strings:Boolean pstrcompare(StringPtr p1, StringPtr p2) { short length, i; if ((length = p1[0]) != p2[0]) return false; for (i = 1; i <= length; ++i) if (p1[i] != p2[i]) return false; return true; }Compiling this with the PPCC compiler and using the optimizer for speed produces the assembly code shown below. (While it certainly is possible to tune the C code directly, we'll ignore that for the purposes of this example.) lbz r11,0(r3) ; r11 = length p1 lbz r5,0(r4) ; r5 = length p2 cmpw cr0,r11,r5 ;* compare lengths beq pre ;* li r3,0 ; nope, return false blr pre: cmpwi cr0,r11,1 ; check length li r12,1 ; load count loop: blt pass ;* done? lbzx r5,r3,r12 ; r5 = p1[i] lbzx r6,r4,r12 ; r6 = p2[i] cmpw cr0,r5,r6 ;* equal? bne fail addic r5,r12,1 ; add 1 extsh r12,r5 ;* extend and move cmpw cr0,r11,r12 ;* check if done b loop pass: li r3,1 ; return true blr fail: li r3,0 ; return false blrLooking at this code, we notice that the two StringPtr parameters are passed in R3 and R4. The first six instructions check the lengths of these two strings and return false if they're not equal. Then the loop preloads a count and uses cmpwi cr0,r11,1 to see if it needs to iterate even once. The loop is simple, but it does an extraneous extsh instruction because the optimizer doesn't realize R12 is already a full word. The key to optimizing PowerPC assembly code is to keep the processor's pipeline from stalling. This isn't always possible, and different PowerPC processors have different pipelines, but you can usually arrange your assembly code for significant performance improvements on all PowerPC processors.
The key tactic for addressing these situations is to reorder your instructions. Move loads and stores as early in your code as possible, as they may take a long time to service. Then if two instructions reference the same register, find another unrelated instruction and move it in between. The same goes for conditional branch instructions: try to put as many other instructions between the compare and the branch as possible. As examples, look for the "*" characters in the above sample code; these denote possible pipeline stall points. Note, however, that the 603 and 604 microprocessors issue instructions differently such that you shouldn't bunch loads and stores together. Other general tactics can improve your speed. Use as many scratch registers as possible and go to the stack for local storage only if you absolutely must. The same applies to your stack frame: only save to it things that will be modified in your routine. For example, if you don't call any subroutines, don't save your link register there. Loops should use the one-step decrement branch (bdnz) instruction. Finally, read the PowerPC user's manual before going to bed every night for time-saving instructions like rlwimi (rotate left word immediate with mask insert). Now let's optimize the above example by hand: pstrcompare: lbz r7,0(r3) ; r7 = length p1 mr r6,r3 ; save a copy of p1 lbz r8,0(r4) ; r8 = length p2 li r3,0 ; preload false addi r5,r7,1 ; add 1 for count mtctr r5 ;* preload count loop:cmpw cr0,r7,r8 ; equal? lbzu r7,1(r6) ; r7 = *(++p1) bnelr ; return if ~ equal lbzu r8,1(r4) ; r8 = *(++p2) bdnz loop pass: li r3,1 ; return true blrHere we've removed all the key stall points by doing more work before the loop and also modifying the loop. With lbzu autoincrementing and dbnz autodecrementing instructions, the loop is now only five instructions long, compared to the earlier nine instructions and one stall point. To achieve this we also needed to preload R3 and the count register, but we did that additional work in stall points. The mtctr instruction can be expensive, with a latency of three or more cycles; however, using the count register reduces the work done within a loop, and that often makes up for the added mtctr cycles. The earlier PPCC-optimized version would take about 110 cycles to verify that two 10-byte strings were identical. Our hand-tuned version takes only half as long. And although string comparisons are probably not your critical bottleneck, this same procedure can be applied to your critical code.  You also don't get the type checking and warnings that a compiler provides. But for code that must be faster than the competition, you may want to hand-tune in PowerPC assembly language. One strong word of caution: Do not use IBM POWER instructions! They may work on the 601 processor, which supports them, but they will not run on any other PowerPC processor. If you use them, your software may crash or run significantly slower on future Power Macintosh models. To make sure your code is clean of POWER instructions, you can use Apple's DumpXCOFF or DumpPEF tool, both of which have an option to check for invalid instructions. There's also a list of POWER instructions supported by the 601 in Appendix B of the PowerPC 601 user's manual.Another warning: Most instructions take registers, immediate data, or bit numbers as arguments, and the assembler will assume you're setting them correctly. It's easy to think you've specified a bit number but in fact have used a critical register by accident. These bugs are hard to find. Our earlier rlwinm example can be written rlwinm 4,3,5,4,13; it's easy to see how argument meanings can be confused. You might try the -typecheck option of PPCAsm version 1.1 to help catch mistakes, but please be careful! DAVE EVANS came to California in 1991 in search of temperate weather, having left Boston, the land of erratic and extreme climate. While in Boston he developed Macintosh software for a radical startup company and studied applied math at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At Apple, Dave has attended an estimated 1000 meetings, but in between them he managed to develop the Drag and Drop Developer's Kit. Dave is also trying to teach his pet iguana Herman to roll over, but without much success. Thanks to Dave Falkenburg, Tim Maroney, Mike Neil, and Andy Nicholas for reviewing this column. |


Before Change
def test():
from mindsdb.libs.controllers.mindsdb_controller import Mind as MindsDB
mdb = MindsDB()
mdb.learn(
from_query="""
select
id,
After Change
CONFIG.DEBUG_BREAK_POINT = PHASE_MODEL_TRAINER
mdb = Predictor(name="home_retals")
mdb.learn(
from_data="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mindsdb/mindsdb/master/docs/examples/basic/home_rentals.csv",
// the path to the file where we can learn from, (note: can be url)
columns_to_predict="rental_price", // the column we want to learn to predict given all the data in the file
sample_margin_of_error=0.02
)
// only run the test if this file is called from debugger


There are several ways to make your own AI-bot and participate in the league. Follow the instructions to start and compete.
You can choose between 5 different programming languages for your bot. We recommend Scratch if you've never done programming before.


Work Experience |
Twitter
August 2015 – present
Software Engineering Intern (iOS Foundation, Clients Team)
San Francisco, CA
Microsoft
January – April 2015
Software Engineering Intern (Microsoft Excel for iOS/OS X, Applications and Services Group)
Redmond, WA
|
Education |
University of Waterloo
September 2011 – August 2016 (Expected)
Candidate for Honours Bachelor of Computer Science
Waterloo, ON
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Languages
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Backbone adapters are an open source collection of sync methods designed to make it easy to integrate your backbone models and collections with data from popular 3rd party APIs.
The project is hosted on GitHub and maintained by @ianmcdaniel. Bugs and suggestions are welcome and should be reported to the issues page. Backbone Adapters are available for use under the MIT software license.
Backbone adapters are easy to add to your projects, just set the sync property on your models and collections to use the appropriate adapter. Thats it!
// create a facebook friend model var Friend = Backbone.Model.extend({ sync: Backbone.FacebookSync }); // create a facebook friends collection var Friends = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model:Friend, url:'me/friends', sync: Backbone.FacebookSync }); var friendlist = new Friends(); friendlist.fetch();
If you're using the Facebook Javascript SDK and you have an authenticated user you will now have a backbone collection of your facebook friends. See it in action.
The Bakcbone Facebook Adapter requires the Facebook Javascript SDK.
<script src="backbone.js"></script> <script src="http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"></script> <script src="facebook.sync.js"></script>
Make a call to FB.init
with your apps credentials as described in the
Facebook Documentation
beforehand. Once you have authentication you can start setting up your models
and collections by setting the sync
property to Backbone.FacebookSync
on both your models
var Friend = Backbone.Model.extend({ sync: Backbone.FacebookSync });
and your collections.
var FriendList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ url:'me/friends', sync:Backbone.FacebookSync }); var Friends = new FriendList();
Making a call to Friends.fetch()
will pull a list of your friends from facebook.
The Backbone LinkedIn Adapter requires the LinkedIn Javascript SDK.
<script src="backbone.js"></script> <script src="http://platform.linkedin.com/in.js"> api_key: YOUR_API_KEY_GOES_HERE </script> <script src="linkedin.sync.js"></script>
Make sure to include your LinkedIn API Key in the script block you use to load the LinkedIn Javascript SDK.
Once you have authentication you can start setting up your models
and collections by setting the sync
property to Backbone.LinkedInSync
var Connection = Backbone.Model.extend({ sync: Backbone.LinkedInSync }); var ConnectionList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Connection, url:'people/~/connections', sync:Backbone.LinkedInSync }); var Connections = new ConnectionList();
Making a call to Connections.fetch()
will pull a list of your LinkedIn connections.
<script src="backbone.js"></script> <script src="instagram.sync.js"></script>
var Image = Backbone.Model.extend({ sync: Backbone.InstagramSync }); var ImagesList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Image, url:'users/self/feed', sync:Backbone.InstagramSync }); // Once you've authenticated through Instagram, asign your access_token like this // You must have an access token before making requests to instagram Backbone.InstagramSync.access_token = access_token; var feed = new ImagesList();
<script src="backbone.js"></script> <script data-app-id="YOUR_APP_ID" src="https://assets.yammer.com/platform/yam.js"></script> <script src="instagram.yammer.js"></script>
var Coworker = Backbone.Model.extend({ sync:Backbone.YammerSync }); var CoworkerList = Backbone.Collection.extend({ model: Coworker, url:'https://www.yammer.com/api/v1/users.json', sync:Backbone.YammerSync }); var coworkers = new CoworkerList();
Want to help?
git clone git@github.com:<YOUR-USERNAME>/backbone-adapters.git
Don't see your favorite API in our list of adapters? Let us know. If there's some demand, for it, we'll add it.


Previous: set, Up: Symbols Dictionary
unbound-variable, cell-error, error, serious-condition, condition, t
The type unbound-variable consists of error conditions that represent attempts to read the value of an unbound variable.
The name of the cell (see cell-error) is the name of the variable that was unbound.


| I l@ve RuBoard |
Most of the topics of this chapter are not really good topics for exercises without first covering the frameworks they cover. A couple of things can be done with the knowledge you already have, however:
Faking the Web. You may not have a web server running, which makes using formletter.py and FormEditor.py difficult, since they use data generated by the CGI script. As an exercise, write a program that creates files with the same properties as those created by the CGI script.
Cleaning up. There's a serious problem with the formletter.py program: namely, if, as we mention, it's run nightly, any complaint is going to cause a letter to be printed. That will happen every night, since there is no mechanism for indicating that a letter has been generated and that no more letters need be generated regarding that specific complaint. Fix this problem.
Adding parametric plotting to grapher.py. Modify grapher.py to allow the user to specify expressions that return both x and y values, instead of the current "just y" solution. For example, the user should be able to write in the Expression widget: sin(x/3.1),cos(x/6.15) (note the comma: this is a tuple!) and get a picture like that shown in Figure 10.8.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


Hey everyone! My name is Alex Zhang and I am currently studying Computer Science and Business Administration at the University of Waterloo. I've been coding for 7 years, and also dabble in a bit of music and writing on the side. Check out some of my projects and work below!
Built cloud service to automatically generate authentication credentials for newly containerized apps. Automation of query verification, HTTP requests, and user authentication saved 1200+ hours of manual onboarding work.
Led a development team through the creation of an internal web app. App conforms to brand colours, and implements content filter, SSO, and OAuth 2.0 functionality with Jira, Github, and Slack.
Pushed applications to internal release through the Agile cycle. Newly established functionality and endpoints now serve 1.8k users daily.
Discord bot for the Waterloo Computer Science Club server. Handles interviewer scheduling and coffee chat matching.
View ProjectSolutions to various competitive programming problems scattered throughout DMOJ, Leetcode, Codeforces, and more. Updates are made on a bi-monthly basis.
View Project


China attacks Western reporting on Xinjiang as 'pure fabrication'
LONDON (Reuters) - China’s ambassador to the United Kingdom on Monday dismissed reporting by Western media on the Chinese government’s policies in Xinjiang as “pure fabrication” and “fake news”.
United Nations experts and activists say at least 1 million ethnic Uighurs and members of other largely Muslim minority groups have been detained in camps in the western Xinjiang region in a crackdown that has drawn condemnation from the United States and other countries.
Beijing denies any mistreatment of the Uighurs or others in Xinjiang and says it is providing vocational training to help stamp out Islamic extremism and separatism and teach new skills.
Asked in London about a New York Times article based on leaked Chinese government documents the newspaper said revealed details of the clampdown in Xinjiang, the diplomat said: “I can categorically deny there is such a document. It is sheer, pure fabrication.”


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