Staking
Punk.Network 抵押的运作方式
Staking
Punk.Network使用 NPoS(提名权益证明)机制选择验证人，该机制拥有验证人和提名人两种角色，以实现链安全性的最大化。对网络维护感兴趣的参与者可以负责运行验证人节点。在创世区块中，Punk.Network将为验证人提供21个节点，节点数量将逐步增加至 1000 以上。 系统鼓励 PUNK 持有者作为提名人参与。 验证人角色是在 BABE 负责生成区块，验证平行链区块和确保最终性。提名人可以根据验证人抵押量而作选择。 Punk.Network uses NPoS (Nominated Proof-of-Stake) as its mechanism for selecting the validator set. It is designed with the roles of validators and nominators, to maximize chain security. Actors who are interested in maintaining the network can run a validator node. At genesis, Punk.Network will have a limited amount of slots available for these validators, but this number will grow over time to over one thousand. The system encourages DOT holders to participate as nominators. Validators assume the role of producing new blocks in BABE, validating parachain blocks, and guaranteeing finality. Nominators can choose to back select validators with their stake. The staking system pays out rewards equally to all validators regardless of stake. In other words, having more stake on a validator does not influence the block rewards they receive. However, there is a probabilistic component to reward calculation (discussed below), so rewards may not be exactly equal for all validators in a given era.
1.确定身份 Identification
In staking, you can be either a nominator or a validator. As a nominator, you can nominate one or more validator candidates that you trust to help you earn rewards in PUNK. You can take a look at the nominator guide to understand what you are required to do when the mainnet launches.
2.提名期 Nomination Period
Any potential validators can indicate their intention to be a validator candidate. Their candidacies are made public to all nominators, and a nominator in turn submits a list of any number of candidates that it supports. In the next epoch (lasting several hours), a certain number of validators having the most PUNK backing get elected and become active. There are no particular requirements for a PUNK holder to become a nominator, though we expect each nominator to carefully track the performance and reputation of validators. Once the nomination period ends, the NPoS election mechanism takes the nominators and their associated votes as input, and outputs a set of validators of the required size, that maximizes the stake backing of any validator, and that makes the stakes backing validators as evenly distributed as possible. The objectives of this election mechanism are to maximize the security of the network, and achieve fair representation of the nominators. If you want to know more about how NPoS works (e.g. election, running time complexity, etc.), please read here.
3. 抵押奖励分配 Staking Rewards Distriburion
To explain how rewards are paid to validators and nominators, we need to consider validator pools, where a validator pool consists of an elected validator together with the nominators backing it. (Note: if a nominator n with stake s backs several elected validators, say k, the NPoS election mechanism will split its stakes into pieces s_1, s_2, …, s_k, so that it backs validator i with stake s_i. In that case, nominator n will be rewarded the same as if there were k nominators in different pools, each backing a single validator i with stake s_i). For each validator pool, we keep a list of nominators with the associated stakes. The general rule for rewards across validator pools is that two validator pools get paid the same amount of PUNK for equal work, i.e. they are NOT paid proportional to the stakes in each pool. Within a validator pool, a (configurable) part of the reward goes to pay the validator's commission fees and the remainder is paid pro-rata (i.e. proportional to stake) to the nominators and validator. Notice in particular that the validator is rewarded twice: once as commission fees for validating, and once for nominating itself with stake. To estimate the inflation rate and how many PUNK you can get each month as a nominator or validator, you can use this tool as a reference and play around with it ....by changing some parameters (e.g. how many days you would like to stake with your PUNK, provider fees, compound rewards, etc.) to have a better estimate. Even though it may not be entirely accurate since staking participation is changing dynamically, it works well as an indicator.
4. 奖励机制 Reward Mechanism
We highlight two features of this payment scheme. The first is that since validator pools are paid the same regardless of stake level, pools with less stake will generally pay more to nominators per-PUNK than pools with more stake. We thus give nominators an economic incentive to gradually shift their preferences to lower staked validators that gain a sufficient amount of reputation. The reason for this is that we want the stake across validator pools to be as evenly distributed as possible, to avoid a concentration of power among a few validators. In the long term, we expect all validator pools to have similar levels of stake, with the stake being higher for higher reputation validators (meaning that a nominator that is willing to risk more by backing a validator with a low reputation will get paid more).
The following example should clarify the above. For simplicity, we have the following assumptions:
- These validators do not have a stake of their own.
- They do NOT charge any commission fees.
- Reward amount is 100 PUNK tokens.
- The current minimum amount of PUNK to be a validator is 350.
||A - Validator Pool|||
|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|
|Nominator (4)|Stake (600)|Fraction of the Total Stake|Rewards|
|Jin|100|0.167|16.7|
|Sam|50|0.083|8.3|
|Anson|250|0.417|41.7|
|Bobby|200|0.333|33.3|
||B - Validator Pool|||
|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|
|Nominator (4)|Stake (400)|Fraction of the Total Stake|Rewards|
|Alice |100 |0.25| 25|
|Peter| 100| 0.25| 25|
|John| 150| 0.375| 37.5|
|Kitty| 50| 0.125| 12.5|
Both validator pools A & B have 4 nominators with the total stake 600 and 400 respectively. Based on the above rewards distribution, nominators in validator pool B get more rewards per PUNK than those in pool A because pool A has more overall stake. Sam has staked 50 PUNK in pool A, but he only gets 8.3 in return, whereas Kitty gets 12.5 with the same amount of stake. We also remark that when the network slashes a validator slot for a misbehavior (e.g. validator offline, equivocation, etc.) the slashed amount is a fixed percentage (and NOT a fixed amount of PUNK), which means that validator pools with more stake get slashed more PUNK. Again, this is done to provide nominators with an economic incentive to shift their preferences and back less popular validators whom they consider to be trustworthy. The second point to note is that each validator candidate is free to name their desired commission fee (as a percentage of rewards) to cover operational costs. Since validator pools are paid the same, pools with lower commission fees pay more to nominators than pools with higher fees. Thus, each validator can choose between increasing their fees to earn more PUNK, or decreasing their fees to attract more nominators and increase their chances of being elected. We will let the market regulate itself in this regard. In the long term, we expect that all validators will need to be cost efficient to remain competitive, and that validators with higher reputation will be able to charge slightly higher commission fees (which is fair).
账户 Account
There are two different accounts for managing your funds: Stash and Controller.
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Stash: This account holds funds bonded for staking, but delegates some functions to a Controller. As a result, you may actively participate with a Stash key kept in a cold wallet, meaning it stays offline all the time. You can also designate a Proxy account to vote in governance proposals.
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Controller This account acts on behalf of the Stash account, signalling decisions about nominating and validating. It set preferences like payout account and commission.  It only needs enough funds to pay transaction fees.
We designed this hierarchy of separate key types so that validator operators and nominators can protect themselves much better than in systems with only one key. As a rule, you lose security anytime you use one key for multiple roles, or even if you use keys related by derivation. You should never use any account key for a "hot" session key in particular. Controller and Stash account keys can be either sr25519 or ed25519.
验证人和提名人Validators and nominators
Since validator slots will be limited, most of those who wish to stake their PUNK and contribute economic security to the network will be nominators. Validators do most of the heavy lifting: they produce new block candidates in BABE, vote and come to consensus in GRANDPA, validate the state transition function of parachains, and possibly some other responsibilities regarding data availability and XCMP . Nominators, on the other hand, do not need to do anything once they have bonded their PUNK. The experience of the nominator is similar to "set it and forget it," while the validator will be doing active service for the network by performing the critical operations. For this reason, the validator has certain privileges regarding the payout of the staking mechanism and will be able to declare its own allocation before the share is divided to nominators. Note: while the experience of a nominator is similar to "set it and forget it", in reality there are many reasons to keep an eye on one's validators and keep optimizing the nominations for best returns and reduced risk. We talk more about this on the How to Nominate page.
Want to stake PUNK?
- Nominator Guide（跳转链接：”如何成为提名人”页） - Become a nominator on Punk.Network.
- Validator Guide （跳转链接：”如何成为验证人“页）- Become a validator on Punk.Network.
惩罚 Slashing
Slashing will happen if a validator misbehaves (e.g. goes offline, attacks the network, or runs modified software) in the network. They and their nominators will get slashed by losing a percentage of their bonded/staked PUNK. Any slashed PUNK will be added to the Treasury. The rationale for this (rather than burning or distributing them as rewards) is that slashes may then be reverted by the Council by simply paying out from the Treasury. This would be useful in situations such as a faulty runtime causing slashing or forcing validators offline through no fault of their own. In the case of legitimate slashing, it moves tokens away from malicious validators to those building the ecosystem through the normal Treasury process. Validator pools with larger total stake backing them will get slashed more harshly than less popular ones, so we encourage nominators to shift their nominations to less popular validators to reduce the possible losses. Once a validator gets slashed, it goes into the state as an "unapplied slash". While unapplied, a governance proposal can be made to reverse it during this period (7 days on RocknRoll, 28 days on Punk.Network). After the grace period, the slashes are applied. The following levels of offence are defined (for specific slash amounts, see the equations in the section below): - Level 1: isolated unresponsiveness, i.e. being offline for an entire epoch. No slashing, only chilling. - Level 2: concurrent unresponsiveness or isolated equivocation. Slashes a very small amount of the stake and chills. - Level 3: misconducts unlikely to be accidental, but which do not harm the network's security to any large extent. Examples include concurrent equivocation or isolated cases of unjustified voting in GRANDPA. Slashes a moderately small amount of the stake and chills. - Level 4: misconduct that poses a serious security or monetary risk to the system, or mass collusion. Slashes all or most of the stake behind the validator and chills.
Let's look at these offences in a bit more detail.
Unresponsiveness
For every session, validators will send an "I'm Online" heartbeat to indicate they are online. If a validator produces no blocks during an epoch and fails to send the heartbeat, it will be reported as unresponsive. Depending on the repeated offences and how many other validators were unresponsive or offline during the epoch, slashing may occur. Here is the formula for calculation:
Let x = offenders, n = total no. validators
min((3 * (x - (n / 10 + 1))) / n, 1) * 0.07
Note that if less than 10% of all validators are offline, no penalty is enacted. Validators should have a well-architected network infrastructure to ensure the node is running to reduce the risk of being slashed. A high availability setup is desirable, preferably with backup nodes that kick in only once the original node is verifiably offline (to avoid double-signing and being slashed for equivocation - see below), together with proxy nodes to avoid being DDoSed when your validator node's IP address is exposed. A comprehensive guide on secure validator setup is available here.
GRANDPA Equivocation
A validator signs two or more votes in the same round on different chains.
BABE Equivocation
A validator produces two or more blocks on the Relay Chain in the same time slot. GRANDPA and BABE equivocation slashing penalty is calculated as below:
Let x = offenders, n = total no. validators
Min( (3 * x / n )^2, 1)
Validators may run their nodes on multiple machines to make sure they can still perform validation work in case one of their nodes goes down. It should be noted that if they do not have good coordination to manage signing machines, then equivocation is possible. If a validator is reported for any one of the offences they will be removed from the validator set (chilled) and they will not be paid while they are out. They will be considered inactive immediately and will lose their nominators. They need to re-issue intent to validate and gather support from nominators. If you want to know more details about slashing, please look at our research page.
Chilling
Chilling is the act of removing a validator from the active validator set, also disqualifying them from the set of electable candidates in the next NPoS cycle. This may be voluntary and validator-initiated, e.g. if there is a planned outage in the validator's surroundings or hosting provider, and the validator wants to exit to protect themselves against slashing. When voluntary, chilling will keep the validator active in the current session, but will move them to the inactive set in the next. The validator will not lose their nominators. When used as part of a punishment, being chilled carries an implied penalty of being un-nominated. It also disables the validator for the remainder of the current era and removes the offending validator from the next election. Punk.Network allows some validators to be disabled, but if the number of disabled validators gets too large, Punk.Network will trigger a new validator election to get a full set. Disabled validators will need to resubmit their intention to validate and regarner support from nominators.
Slashing Across Eras
There are 3 main difficulties to account for with slashing in NPoS: - A nominator can nominate multiple validators and be slashed via any of them. - Until slashed, stake is reused from era to era. Nominating with N coins for E eras in a row does not mean you have N*E coins to be slashed - you've only ever had N. - Slashable offences can be found after the fact and out of order.
To balance this, we only slash for the maximum slash a participant can receive in some time period, rather than the sum. This ensures protection from overslashing. Likewise, the time span over which maximum slashes are computed are finite and the validator is chilled with nominations withdrawn after a slashing event, as stated in the previous section. This prevents rage-quit attacks in which, once caught misbehaving, a participant deliberately misbehaves more because their slashing amount is already maxed out.
奖励分配Reward Distribution
Note that RocknRoll runs approximately 4x as fast as Punk.Network, except for block production times. Punk.Network will also produce blocks at approximately six second intervals. Rewards are recorded per session (approximately one hour on RocknRoll and four hours on Punk.Network) and calculated per era (approximately six hours on RocknRoll and twenty-four hours on Punk.Network). Thus, rewards will be calculated four times per day on RocknRoll and once per day on Punk.Network. Rewards are calculated based on era points, which have a probabilistic component. In other words, there may be slight differences in your rewards from era to era, and even amongst validators in the active set at the same time. These variations should cancel out over a long enough timeline.. In order to be paid your staking rewards, someone must claim them for each validator that you nominate. Staking rewards are kept available for 84 eras, which is approximately 84 days on Punk.Network and 21 days on RocknRoll.
WARNING: If nobody claims your staking rewards by this time, then you will not be able to claim them and some of your staking rewards will be lost.
领取奖励 Get Rewords
If you go to the Staking payouts page on PUNK-JS, you will see a list of all validators that you have nominated in the past 84 eras and for which you have not yet received a payout. Each one has the option to trigger the payout for all unclaimed eras. Note that this will pay everyone who was nominating that validator during those eras, and anyone can call it. Therefore, you may not see anything in this tab, yet still received a payout if somebody (generally, but not necessarily, another nominator or the validator operator) has triggered the payout for that validator for that era. If you wish to check if you received a payout, you will have to check via a block explorer.
奖励分配例子 Example
PER_ERA * BLOCK_TIME = **Reward Distribution Time**
3600 * 6 seconds = 21,600 s = 6 hours
***These parameters can be changed by proposing a referendum***
Validators can create a cut of the reward that is not shared with the nominators. This cut is a percentage of the block reward, not an absolute value. After the value gets deducted, the remaining portion is based on their staked value and split between the validator and all of the nominators who have voted for this validator. For example, assume the block reward for a validator is 10 PUNK. A validator may specify validator_payment = 50%, in which case the validator would receive 5 PUNK. The remaining 5 PUNK would then be split between the validator and their nominators based on the proportion of stake each nominator had. Note that validators can put up their own stake, and for this calculation, their stake acts just as if they were another nominator. Rewards can be directed to the same account (controller), to the stash account (and either increasing the staked value or not increasing the staked value), or to a completely custom account. It is also possible to top-up / withdraw some bonded PUNK without having to un-stake everything.
通胀率 Function of Inflation
PUNK is inflationary; there is no maximum number of PUNK as in Bitcoin. Inflation is designed to be 10% in the first year, with validator rewards being a function of amount staked and the remainder going to treasury.
Source: esearch - Web3 Foundation
- x-axis: Proportion of PUNK staked
- y-axis: Annually Inflation rate通货膨胀, 年度化百分比
- 蓝线: Inflation rewards to stakers参与抵押者的通涨奖励
- 绿线: Staker rate of return抵押参与者的收益率
For those who are interested in knowing more about the design of inflation model for the network, please see [here]（https://research.web3.foundation/en/latest/polkadot/Token Economics.html）.
为什么参与抵押?
10% inflation/year when the network launches 50% targeted active staking ~20% annual return
Why not stake?
Tokens will be locked for about 28 days on Punk.Network after unbonding, seven days on Rock n Roll. Punishment in case of validator found to be misbehaving (see #slashing). You want to use the tokens for a parachain slot.
How many validators does Punk.Network have?
Punk.Network started with 21 open validator positions and has opened more gradually. The top bound on the number of validators has not been determined yet, but should only be limited by the bandwidth strain of the network due to peer-to-peer message passing. The estimate of the number of validators that Punk.Network will have at maturity is around 1000. ROCK N' ROLL, Punk's canary network, currently has over 500 validator slots, and the plan is also to slowly grow this number to approximately 1000.
Resources
- How Nominated Proof of Stake will work in Polkadot - Blog post by Web3 Foundation researcher Alfonso Cevallos covering NPoS in Polkadot.
- Secure validator setup


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public interface AuthenticationHandler
The AuthenticationHandler
interface defines the service API used
by the authentication implementation to support plugin various ways of
extracting credentials from the request.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static String |
FAILURE_REASON
Name of the request attribute which may be set by the extractCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
method if AuthenticationInfo.FAIL_AUTH is returned. |
static String |
PATH_PROPERTY
The name of the service registration property listing one or more URL paths for which the authentication handler is to be used. |
static String |
REQUEST_LOGIN_PARAMETER
The request parameter which may be used to explicitly select an authentication handler by its type if
authentication will be requested through
requestCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) . |
static String |
SERVICE_NAME
The name under which an implementation of this interface must be registered to be used as an authentication handler. |
static String |
TYPE_PROPERTY
The name of the service registration property (single string) providing the authentication type of authentication handler. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
dropCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
Drops any credential and authentication details from the request and asks the client to do the same. |
AuthenticationInfo |
extractCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
Extracts credential data from the request if at all contained. |
boolean |
requestCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request,
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
Requests authentication information from the client. |
| Field Detail |
|---|
static final String SERVICE_NAME
static final String PATH_PROPERTY
Each string value may either be an absolute path (e.g. /content) or an absolute URL (e.g. http://thehost/content) to assign the authentication handler to authenticate request for a select virtual host.
Authentication handlers without a path
service registration
property are ignored.
static final String TYPE_PROPERTY
authentication type
returned by the
extractCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
method.
This property is optional but allows the client to optionally select the
authentication handler which will actually request credentials upon the
requestCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
method.
REQUEST_LOGIN_PARAMETER
,
Constant Field Valuesstatic final String REQUEST_LOGIN_PARAMETER
type
if
authentication will be requested through
requestCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
.
requestCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
,
TYPE_PROPERTY
,
Constant Field Valuesstatic final String FAILURE_REASON
extractCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
method if AuthenticationInfo.FAIL_AUTH
is returned.
This result may be used by authentication handlers to inform the user of any failures.
extractCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
,
Constant Field Values| Method Detail |
|---|
AuthenticationInfo extractCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
The method returns any of the following values :
| value | description |
|---|---|
null
| no user details were contained in the request or the handler is not capable or willing to extract credentials from the request |
AuthenticationInfo.DOING_AUTH
| the handler is in an ongoing authentication transaction with the client. Request processing should be aborted at this stage. |
AuthenticationInfo.FAIL_AUTH
| the handler failed extracting the credentials from the request for
any reason. An example of this result is that credentials are present in
the request but they could not be validated and thus not be used for
request processing. When returning this value, the authentication handler
may also set the FAILURE_REASON request attribute to inform
interested parties (including its own
requestCredentials(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
method for the reasons of failure to extract the credentials.
|
AuthenticationInfo object
| The user sent credentials. The returned object contains the credentials as well as the type of authentication transmission employed. |
The method must not request credential information from the client, if they are not found in the request.
The value of PATH_PROPERTY
service registration property value
triggering this call is available as the path
request
attribute. If the service is registered with multiple path values, the
value of the path
request attribute may be used to implement
specific handling.
request
- The request object containing the information for the
authentication.response
- The response object which may be used to send the
information on the request failure to the user.
AuthenticationInfo
instance identifying the
request user, AuthenticationInfo.DOING_AUTH
if the
handler is in an authentication transaction with the client or
null if the request does not contain authentication information.
In case of AuthenticationInfo.DOING_AUTH
, the method must
have sent a response indicating that fact to the client.boolean requestCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException
true
if the information has been requested and request
processing can be terminated normally. Otherwise the authorization
information could not be requested.
The HttpServletResponse.sendError
methods should not be used
by the implementation because these responses might be post-processed by
the servlet container's error handling infrastructure thus preventing the
correct operation of the authentication handler. To convey a HTTP
response status the HttpServletResponse.setStatus
method
should be used.
The value of PATH_PROPERTY
service registration property value
triggering this call is available as the path
request
attribute. If the service is registered with multiple path values, the
value of the path
request attribute may be used to implement
specific handling.
If the REQUEST_LOGIN_PARAMETER
request parameter is set only
those authentication handlers registered with an authentication type
matching the parameter will be considered for
requesting credentials through this method.
A handler not registered with an authentication
type
will, for backwards compatibility reasons, always be called
ignoring the actual value of the REQUEST_LOGIN_PARAMETER
parameter.
request
- The request object.response
- The response object to which to send the request.
true
if the handler is able to send an authentication
inquiry for the given request. false
otherwise.
IOException
- If an error occurrs sending the authentication
inquiry to the client.void dropCredentials(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException
request
- The request object.response
- The response object to which to send the request.
IOException
- If an error occurrs asking the client to drop any
authentication traces.
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Virtual to Real Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Paper: Download here
Video results: Watch here
Authors: Xinlei Pan, Yurong You, Ziyang Wang, Cewu Lu
Published in: BMVC 2017
Takeaway message
The paper introduces a realistic translation network that uses 2 conditional GANs to generate realistic images from virtual images. The intermediate images is the segmentation map which is the common ground between the real-world and virtual images. An RL agent was trained on the synthesized realistic images using A3C.
Motivations
RL algorithms for autonomous driving are trained on simulators. The driving policy trained on simulators doesn’t translate well to the real-world due to the discrepancy between virtual images and their corresponding real-world images. But both the types of images have a common parsing structure (segmentation map) which can be exploited to generate realistic images in simulation.
Proposed Solution
The approach consists of 2 image-to-image translation networks. The first network translates the virtual images to their segmentation maps and the second network translates segmented images into their realistic counterparts. Both the networks are GANs and have the same architecture. An A3C with 9 discrete actions is trained on the synthesized realistic images. The authors claim that this is a seminal work of adapting driving policy trained using simulations to the real-world.
Evaluation of the solution
Only the steering angle has been used for measuring error. TORCS was used for experiments. Cityscapes dataset was used to obtain the real-world images. Comparison has been made with respect to 3 A3C agents trained using 3 different approaches.
- Oracle: Training and testing on the same environment.
- Proposed Method: Training on syntehsized realistic images from E-track. Testing on Cg-track2. The image translation networks were trained on images from both the training and testing tracks.
- Domain randomization: Training on 10 different virtual environments. Testing on Cg-track2.
Analysis of the problem, idea, and evaluation
Pros
- It could work for simple scenarios such as highway driving.
- It Works better than domain randomization method.
Cons
- The lane lines aren’t preserved in this approach ( NOTE: this may be a limitation of pix2pix ).
- The synthesized real images are not always trust-worthy i.e. appearance road intersections even when they are not present in the ground truth data.
- Difficult for the approach to work for urban driving scenarios.
- The evaluation strategy predicts only steering angles and is hand-crafted since the actions are discrete.
Contributions
In general, the approach can generate a decent representation of road, trees, buildings, sky, grass, and sidewalks. The network architecture of the GANs and the A3C DRL, hyperparameters, and training data details have been provided by the authors.
Future directions
- Segmentation maps are not unique. Adding info regarding the color and texture of objects.
- Addition of more complex scenarios such as cars, traffic lights, road-signs, and pedestrians.
Questions
- What are the advantages of this approach over training an RL agent on the segmentation map? Personally I think that this would be easier to train.


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24 August 2005
As of 23 August 2005, the Ministry of Health in Angola reported a total of 374 cases, including 329 deaths (CFR 88%) reported countrywide. Of these, 368 cases, including 323 deaths, were reported in Uige Province. A total of 158 cases were laboratory confirmed.
52 contacts are being monitored in Uige Province and clinical specimens from alerts continue to be shipped to the Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, for diagnostic testing.
The last confirmed case of Marburg died on 21 July 2005 in Songo municipality, Uige Province. There have been no laboratory confirmed cases since then.


A presentation by Alper Ortac
Yes, their logo is awesome.
var template = '' +
'Find. Anything.
' +
'';
document.getElementById("app").innerHTML = template;

<title>Find. Anything. - A Webpack Experiment</title>

Where does bundle.js
come from?
module.exports = {
entry: {
app: "source/script/app.js"
},
output: {
path: "dist",
filename: "bundle.js"
}
}
webpack [--color] [--watch]
search.js
var template = "...";
module.exports = {
template: template
};
app.js
var search = require("search.js");
// do something with search.template
$ _
npm install babel-loader
webpack.config.js
module: {
loaders: [
{ test: /\.js$/, loader: 'babel' }
]
}
//var search = require("search.js");
import search from "search.js";
json
: Loads file as JSONhson
: Loads HanSON file (JSON for Humans) as JSON objectraw
: Loads raw content of a file (as utf-8)val
: Executes code as module and consider exports as JavaScript codeto-string
: Executes code as a module, casts output to a string and exports itimports
: Imports stuff to the moduleexports
: Exports stuff from the moduleexpose
: Expose exports from a module to the global contextscript
: Executes a JavaScript file once in global context (like in script tag), requires are not parsed.source-map
: Extract sourceMappingURL
comments from modules and offer it to webpackchecksum
: Computes the checksum of a filenull
: Emits an empty module.cowsay
: Emits a module with a cowsay header.dsv
: Loads csv/tsv files.glsl
: Loads glsl files and support glsl-chunks.render-placement
: Adds React.render to your component for you (not very practical in most cases)xml
: Loads XML as JSON.svg-react
: Load SVG files as JSX-ified React.createClass declarations.base64
: Loads file content as base64 stringfile
: Emits the file into the output folder and returns the (relative) url.url
: The url loader works like the file loader, but can return a Data Url if the file is smaller than a limit.worker
: The worker loader creates a WebWorker for the provided file. The bundling of dependencies of the Worker is transparent.shared-worker
: Like the worker loader, but for Shared Workers.serviceworker
: Like the worker loader, but designed for Service Workers.bundle
: Wraps request in a require.ensure
block (callback)promise
: Wraps request in a require.ensure
block (promise)react-proxy
: Code Splitting for react components.react-hot
: Allows to live-edit React components while keeping them mounted and preserving their state.image
: Compresses your images. Ideal to use together with file
or url
.img
: Load and compress images with imagemin.svgo-loader
: Compresses SVG images using svgo librarybaggage
: Automatically require any resources related to the required onepolymer-loader
: Process HTML & CSS with preprocessor of choice and require()
Web Components like first-class modules.uglify-loader
: Uglify contents of a module. Unlike uglify plugin you can minify with mangling only your application files and not the librarieshtml-minify-loader
: Minifies HTML using minimizevue-loader
: Load single-file Vue.js components as modules, with loader-support for preprocessors.tojson-loader
Serialize module exports as JSON. Cache generated static data as JSON at build time.zip-it-loader
Convert files and directories to zip. Great with file
.coffee
: Loads coffee-script like JavaScriptcoffee-jsx
: Loads coffee-script with JSX like JavaScriptcoffee-redux
: Loads coffee-script like JavaScriptjson5
: Like json, but not so strict.es6
: Loads ES6 modules. (old)esnext
: Transpile ES6 code using esnext.babel
: Turn ES6 code into vanilla ES5 using Babel.regenerator
: Use ES6 generators via Facebook’s Regenerator module.livescript
: Loads LiveScript like JavaScriptsweetjs
: Use sweetjs macros. traceur
: Use future JavaScript features with Traceur.ts
: Loads TypeScript like JavaScript.typescript
: Loads TypeScript like JavaScript.typescript-simple-loader
: Loads TypeScript with syntactic and semantic errors.awesome-typescript-loader
: Loads TypeScript like JavaScript with watching support. Works with TypeScript 1.5-alfapurs-loader
: Loads PureScript like JavaScript.oj
: Loads OJ (an Objective-C like language) files and compiles them to plain JavaScript.ulmus
: Loads Elm files and compiles them to plain JavaScript.miel
: Loads Miel syntax and compiles to JavaScript.html
: Exports HTML as string, require references to static resources.riot
: Load RiotJS tags and convert them to javascript.jade
: Loads jade template and returns a functionjade-html
: Loads jade template and returns generated HTMLtemplate-html
: Loads any template with consolidate.js and returns generated HTMLhandlebars
: Loads handlebars template and returns a functiondust
: Loads dust template and returns a functionractive
: Pre-compiles Ractive templates for interactive DOM manipulationjsx
: Transform jsx code for React to js code.react-templates
: Loads react-template and returns a functionem
: Compiles Emblem to Handlebars.jsejs
: Loads EJS (underscore( templating engine) template and returns a pre-compiled functionmustache
: Pre-compiles Mustache templates with Hogan.js and returns a functionyaml
: Converts YAML to JSONmarkdown
: Compiles Markdown to HTMLremarkable
: Compiles Markdown to HTML using the Remarkable parsermarkdown-it
: Compiles Markdown to HTML using the markdown-it parserng-cache
: Puts HTML partials in the Angular’s $templateCachengtemplate
: Bundles your AngularJS templates and Pre-loads the template cache.hamlc
: Compiles haml-coffee templates (.hamlc) and returns a function.haml
: Renders haml-coffee templates (.html.hamlc) and returns a string.jinja
: Precompiles nunjucks and jinja2 templatessoy
: Compiles Google Closure templates and returns the namespace with render functionssmarty
: Pre-compiles php smarty templates and returns a functiontemplate-string
: Use ES6 template strings for html templatesbootstrap-sass
: Loads a configuration file for Twitter Bootstrap integration using Sass. Allows complete customization via Sass.style
: Add exports of a module as style to DOMcss
: Loads css file with resolved imports and returns css codeless
: Loads and compiles a less filesass
: Loads and compiles a scss filestylus
: Loads and compiles a stylus filerework
: Post-process CSS with Rework and returns CSS codepostcss
: Post-process CSS with Autoprefixer and other PostCSS pluginsautoprefixer
: Add vendor prefixes to CSS rules using values from Can I Usenamespace-css
: Namespace your css with a given selector (for encapsulating all rules in one subset of your site)fontgen
: Create your own webfont with proper CSS on-the-fly and include it into WebPack.po
: Loads a PO gettext file and returns JSONformat-message
: Compiles translations to ICU Message Format strings in formatMessage
callsjsxlate-loader
: Transform React source code for use with jsxlate
webpack-angular-translate
: Extracts angular-translate translation id’s and default text’smocha
: do tests with mocha in browser or node.jscoverjs
: PostLoader to code coverage with CoverJsistanbul-instrumenter
: Istanbul postLoader to code coverage with karma-webpack and karma-coverageisparta-instrumenter
: Isparta preLoader to code coverage with karma-webpack and douglasduteil/karma-coverage#nextibrik-instrumenter
: Ibrik preLoader to CoffeeScript code coverage with karma-webpack and douglasduteil/karma-coverageeslint
: PreLoader for linting code using ESLint.jshint
: PreLoader for linting code.jscs
: PreLoader for style checking.standard
: Conform to standard code style.injectable
: Allow to inject dependencies into modulestransform
: Use browserify transforms as loader.image-size
: Loads an image and returns its dimensions and typecsslint
: PreLoader for linting code using CSSLintcoffeelint-loader
: PreLoader for linting CoffeeScript.tslint-loader
: PreLoader for linting TypeScript using TSLintparker
: Output a stylesheet analysis report using parker.sjsp
: Inject some codes for profiling using node-sjsp.
npm install html-loader css-loader
npm install template-string-loader
npm install style-loader
webpack.config.js
module: {
loaders: [
{ test: /\.html/, loader: "babel!template-string" },
{ test: /\.css$/i, loader: "style!css?modules" }
]
}
!
(read the chain from right to left)
?
indicates loader parameters
(modules
is for unique class names)
index.html

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/app.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style/search.css" />

search.css
.search {
width: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
white-space: nowrap;
position: relative;
}
// ...
search.html
search.js
import template from 'template/search.html';
import styles from 'style/search.css';
module.exports = {
template: template({
styles: styles
})
};
webpack.config.js
module: {
loaders: [
{ test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif)$/, loader: 'url-loader?limit=8192' }
]
}
app.js
import logo from 'image/logo.png';
What means limit=8192
?
If file size is below, create an inline
Base64 string instead of copying the file
index.html
<link href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.1.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
app.css
@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,900);
Note: Webpack does not provide a way
to modularize externally hosted files
Ok, there is a trick, but it's not possible to use multiple domains.
$ _
npm install jquery
webpack.config.js
module: {
loaders: [
{ test: /\.js$/, loader: 'babel', exclude: 'node_modules') }
]
}
Exclude node_modules
from Babel preprocessor
to avoid longer build time and potential problems
search.js
import $ from 'jquery';
$(document).ready(function() {
// do something
});
Easy.
It's a classic, but lacks many features.
Webpack overloads require
, so if you want
reusable server-side code use browserify
Besides, it's difficult to setup (at least in my experience)
Strong because ES6 compliant, but requires
a partner tool for precompiling needs
Task runners are basically without restrictions,
but all parts need to be glued together manually
Thanks for your attention!


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block main %}
Welcome Mr. {{ name }}
If you are not redirected automatically, please click here.


Package unis.stores.services.request
Class RequestService
- java.lang.Object
-
- unis.stores.services.request.RequestService
-
- All Implemented Interfaces:
IRequestService
@Service public class RequestService extends java.lang.Object implements IRequestService
-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description private FabricRepository
fabricRepository
The fabric repository to connect to the databaseprivate OrderStateRepository
orderStateRepository
The order state repository to connect to the databaseprivate ProductRepository
productRepository
The product repository to connect to the databaseprivate ProductRequestRepository
productRequestRepository
The product request repository to connect to the databaseprivate RequestRepository
requestRepository
The request repository to connect to the databaseprivate RequestStateRepository
requestStateRepository
The request state repository to connect to the databaseprivate unis.stores.services.http.RestService
restService
The service to connect to the fabrics systemsprivate SaleRepository
saleRepository
The sale repository to connect to the database
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description RequestService()
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description Request
createRequest(Request request)
Creates a request in the systemRequest
getRequest(int id)
Returns a request searched by the idjava.util.List<Request>
getRequests()
Returns the requests of the systemRequest
receiveRequest(int id)
Receives a request and updates the stock automaticallyRequest
updateRequestState(int id, int requestStateId)
Updates the request state of a request
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
requestRepository
@Autowired private RequestRepository requestRepository
The request repository to connect to the database
-
requestStateRepository
@Autowired private RequestStateRepository requestStateRepository
The request state repository to connect to the database
-
orderStateRepository
@Autowired private OrderStateRepository orderStateRepository
The order state repository to connect to the database
-
productRequestRepository
@Autowired private ProductRequestRepository productRequestRepository
The product request repository to connect to the database
-
productRepository
@Autowired private ProductRepository productRepository
The product repository to connect to the database
-
saleRepository
@Autowired private SaleRepository saleRepository
The sale repository to connect to the database
-
restService
@Autowired private unis.stores.services.http.RestService restService
The service to connect to the fabrics systems
-
fabricRepository
@Autowired private FabricRepository fabricRepository
The fabric repository to connect to the database
-
-
Method Detail
-
getRequests
public java.util.List<Request> getRequests()
Returns the requests of the system- Specified by:
getRequests
in interfaceIRequestService
- Returns:
- the list of the requests from the database.
-
getRequest
public Request getRequest(int id)
Returns a request searched by the id- Specified by:
getRequest
in interfaceIRequestService
- Parameters:
id
- this is the id of the request that we are looking for- Returns:
- the request retrieved from the database
-
createRequest
public Request createRequest(Request request)
Creates a request in the system- Specified by:
createRequest
in interfaceIRequestService
- Parameters:
request
- this is the object of the request we want to create- Returns:
- the created request
-
updateRequestState
public Request updateRequestState(int id, int requestStateId)
Updates the request state of a request- Specified by:
updateRequestState
in interfaceIRequestService
- Parameters:
id
- this is the id of the request that we want to updaterequestStateId
- this is the id of the request state we want to put to the request- Returns:
- the updated request
-
receiveRequest
public Request receiveRequest(int id)
Receives a request and updates the stock automatically- Specified by:
receiveRequest
in interfaceIRequestService
- Parameters:
id
- this is the id of the request we are receiving- Returns:
- the request updated
-
-


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Andrea Iuliano
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- June 15, 2014
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- April 28, 2014
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- April 25, 2013
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- July 29, 2014
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- July 19, 2014
Yelp Predictor
- January 19, 2014
Twitter Sentiment Analysis
- October 20, 2013
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- July 20, 2013


Bachelor of Information Technology (Honours) In Software Systems Development
Diploma of Information System Engineering
Award Champion in GO Chess Club Society on Sep 2015!
Joined Co-curricular GO Chess, Swimming, Volleyball, Lion Dance and Taekwondo.


Last updated: 2021-09-13
Checks: 7 0
Knit directory: myTidyTuesday/
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rmd | 4c664ed | opus1993 | 2021-09-13 | direct label prices, use viridis H colors |
Adapted from Hoppiness by Aaron Smith @ASmithUCD
Beer is a simple beverage. It has only four ingredients: malt, water, yeast, and hops. This simplicity belies a recent dramatic change in the relative proportions of these ingredients.
An IPA from your favorite craft brewery uses up to 50 times as much hops per pint as America’s leading beer, Bud Light. As craft brewing has grown, hops have become a booming crop even as total beer consumption declines.
US beer consumption has dropped by more than 25% in the past 25 years, and the rate of decline is speeding up. Beer sales were down 2% in 2019 compared to the year before. Share prices of Anheuser-Busch InBev and Miller-Coors, which between them supply two thirds of the US market, are down more than 50% in the past five years.
knitr::include_graphics("https://www.nbwa.org/sites/default/files/AdobeStock_205461433_1.jpeg",
error = FALSE)
This aggregate decline masks substantial growth in craft beer production. In 2019, craft beer comprised 13.6% of the US beer market by volume, up from less than 5% market share in 2010. Although its growth rate has slowed in recent years, craft beer was still growing at 4% per year before the coronavirus pandemic.
The pandemic has reduced on-site consumption at craft breweries. If total craft beer production has also declined, we would expect a reduction in hops use, which would cause inventories to accumulate. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) of USDA reports hop inventories declined by 50 million pounds from March to September this year, which suggests 50 million pounds were used to brew beer in those months. This is the same as the March to September inventory decline in 2019.
The US and Germany produce 80% of the world’s hops. The Pacific Northwest produces essentially all US hops, with most of that now in Washington’s Yakima Valley. California had significant hop acreage until the mid 1980s. Since 2012, hop acreage in the Yakima Valley has increased by 80% to 41,000 acres along with the craft-brewing boom.
df %>%
filter(short_desc == "HOPS - ACRES HARVESTED") %>%
filter(!state_alpha == "US") %>%
mutate(state_alpha = fct_reorder(state_alpha, desc(Value))) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = year, y = Value, fill = state_alpha)) +
geom_area() +
labs(fill = "State", x = "Year", y = "Acres") +
labs(
title = "Area of Hops Production by US State",
fill = "",
caption = "Visualization: @jim_gruman Data: USDA NASS"
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma_format()) +
expand_limits(y = 0) +
theme(
legend.position = c(0.14, 0.7),
legend.background = element_rect(color = "white")
)
The increase in demand for hops drove an increase in the price paid to hops growers.
df_cpi <- inflation_adjust(2019) %>%
mutate(year = as.integer(year))
df_price <- df %>%
filter(
year >= 1947,
short_desc == "HOPS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $ / LB"
) %>%
inner_join(df_cpi, by = "year") %>%
mutate(
avg_cpi = avg_cpi / pull(filter(df_cpi, year == 2019), avg_cpi),
rValue = Value / avg_cpi
)
df_price %>%
filter(short_desc == "HOPS - PRICE RECEIVED, MEASURED IN $ / LB") %>%
filter(!state_alpha == "US") %>%
filter(year > 1999) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = year, y = rValue, color = state_alpha)) +
geom_line(size = 1, show.legend = FALSE) +
ggrepel::geom_text_repel(
data = . %>% filter(year == max(df_price$year)),
aes(
label = state_alpha,
color = state_alpha
),
direction = "y",
xlim = c(max(df_price$year), NA),
hjust = 1,
segment.size = .7,
segment.alpha = .5,
segment.linetype = "dotted",
box.padding = .4,
segment.curvature = -0.1,
segment.ncp = 3,
segment.angle = 20,
show.legend = FALSE,
max.overlaps = 40,
fontface = "bold"
) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::dollar_format()) +
labs(color = "State", x = "Year", y = "$/pound") +
labs(
title = "Hops real price received, adjusted for 2019 cpi",
caption = "Visualization: @jim_gruman Data: USDA NASS"
)
Since 2013, NASS has reported production for 55 different varieties of hops. This is unusual, in that they do they report more than a few varieties for any other crop.
The US produced 112 million pounds of hops in 2019, of which the top 10 varieties made up about 70%. Citra is now the most produced variety, after recently overtaking Zeus and Cascade. New varieties, Pahto and Amarillo, recently entered the top 10.
df_variety <- df %>%
mutate(Value = if_else(is.na(Value), 0, Value)) %>%
filter(
str_detect(short_desc, "PRODUCTION, MEASURED IN LB"),
!str_detect(short_desc, "HOPS - PRODUCTION, MEASURED IN LB")
) %>%
group_by(year, short_desc) %>%
summarize(
prod = sum(Value, na.rm = TRUE),
.groups = "drop"
)
# Rank varieties by largest to smallest
large_varieties <- expand_grid(
year = unique(df_variety$year),
short_desc = unique(df_variety$short_desc)
) %>%
left_join(df_variety,
by = c("short_desc" = "short_desc", "year" = "year")
) %>%
group_by(short_desc) %>%
mutate(median_prod = median(prod, na.rm = TRUE)) %>%
select(year, short_desc, median_prod) %>%
ungroup()
patterns <- ", HBC |, YCR |, ADHA-|, VGXP0| R| TM|/|[1-9]"
df_variety %>%
full_join(large_varieties,
by = c("short_desc" = "short_desc", "year" = "year")
) %>%
mutate(
prod = if_else(is.na(prod), 0, prod),
variety = str_sub(short_desc, 7, -30),
variety = str_remove_all(variety, patterns),
variety = fct_lump_n(variety, n = 11, w = median_prod, other_level = "OTHER"),
variety = fct_reorder(variety, -median_prod)
) %>%
group_by(year, variety) %>%
summarize(
var_prod = sum(prod) / 1000000,
.groups = "drop"
) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = year, y = var_prod, fill = variety)) +
geom_area(show.legend = FALSE) +
ggrepel::geom_text_repel(
data = . %>% filter(year == max(df_variety$year)) %>%
mutate(value = cumsum(rev(var_prod))),
aes(
label = rev(variety),
y = value,
color = rev(variety)
),
direction = "y",
xlim = c(max(df_variety$year), NA),
hjust = 1,
segment.size = .7,
segment.alpha = .5,
segment.linetype = "dotted",
box.padding = .4,
segment.curvature = -0.1,
segment.ncp = 3,
segment.angle = 20,
show.legend = FALSE,
max.overlaps = 40,
fontface = "bold"
) +
scale_x_continuous(
limits = c(2013, 2021),
breaks = seq(2013, 2019, 2)
) +
labs(
x = "Year",
y = "Million Pounds",
title = "U.S. Hop Production by Variety",
caption = "Visualization: @jim_gruman Data: USDA NASS"
)
The plot below shows the top 40 U.S. hop varieties, ordered by the increase in production from 2013 to 2019. It shows the substantial growth in hops that are popular in craft beers, such as Citra, Mosaic, Simcoe, and Amarillo.
########### bar plot: Proportion of Production from top varieties
# Rank varieties by largest to smallest change from 2013-2019
large_changes <- df_variety %>%
pivot_wider(
names_from = year,
values_from = prod,
values_fill = 0
) %>%
mutate(change = `2019` - `2013`) %>%
select(short_desc, change)
df_variety %>%
full_join(large_varieties) %>%
# merge on variety rank variable
full_join(large_changes) %>%
# merge on change rank variable
mutate(variety = str_sub(short_desc, 7, -30)) %>%
mutate(
variety = str_sub(short_desc, 7, -30),
variety = str_remove_all(variety, patterns),
variety = fct_lump_n(variety, n = 40, w = median_prod, other_level = "OTHER"),
variety = fct_reorder(variety, -median_prod)
) %>%
filter(!variety == "OTHER") %>%
# delete other variety
mutate(prod = prod / 1000000) %>%
# change units for plot
ggplot(aes(y = reorder(variety, -change), x = prod, fill = year)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_x_continuous(n.breaks = 3) +
labs(y = "Variety", x = "Million Pounds") +
facet_grid(cols = vars(year)) +
labs(
title = "Hop Acreage by Variety and Year (Ordered by Change from 2013-2019)",
caption = "Visualization: @jim_gruman Data: USDA NASS"
)
Hops were introduced to beer almost a thousand years ago to add bitterness and flavor. They also act as a preservative, which is the property that allegedly led George Hodgson to add large amounts of it to the original IPA for shipment to India in the 18th century. Three centuries later, the humble hop is the leading feature of the most vibrant segment of the beer market. The cool kids may think the hoppy-beer trend is out of hand, but there are few signs of a reduction in demand for hops.
sessionInfo()
R version 4.1.1 (2021-08-10)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19043)
Matrix products: default
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] paletteer_1.4.0 blscrapeR_3.2.0 rnassqs_0.5.0 forcats_0.5.1
[5] stringr_1.4.0 dplyr_1.0.7 purrr_0.3.4 readr_2.0.1
[9] tidyr_1.1.3 tibble_3.1.4 ggplot2_3.3.5 tidyverse_1.3.1
[13] workflowr_1.6.2
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] readxl_1.3.1 backports_1.2.1 systemfonts_1.0.2
[4] workflows_0.2.3 plyr_1.8.6 splines_4.1.1
[7] listenv_0.8.0 digest_0.6.27 foreach_1.5.1
[10] htmltools_0.5.2 yardstick_0.0.8 viridis_0.6.1
[13] parsnip_<IP_ADDRESS>0 fansi_0.5.0 magrittr_2.0.1
[16] tune_0.1.6 tzdb_0.1.2 recipes_0.1.16
[19] globals_0.14.0 modelr_0.1.8 gower_0.2.2
[22] extrafont_0.17 R.utils_2.10.1 extrafontdb_1.0
[25] hardhat_0.1.6 rsample_0.1.0 dials_<IP_ADDRESS>00
[28] colorspace_2.0-2 ggrepel_0.9.1 rvest_1.0.1
[31] textshaping_0.3.5 haven_2.4.3 xfun_0.25
[34] crayon_1.4.1 jsonlite_1.7.2 survival_3.2-11
[37] iterators_1.0.13 glue_1.4.2 gtable_0.3.0
[40] ipred_0.9-11 R.cache_0.15.0 Rttf2pt1_1.3.9
[43] future.apply_1.8.1 scales_1.1.1 infer_1.0.0
[46] DBI_1.1.1 Rcpp_1.0.7 viridisLite_0.4.0
[49] GPfit_1.0-8 lava_1.6.10 prodlim_2019.11.13
[52] httr_1.4.2 ellipsis_0.3.2 farver_2.1.0
[55] pkgconfig_2.0.3 R.methodsS3_1.8.1 nnet_7.3-16
[58] sass_0.4.0 dbplyr_2.1.1 utf8_1.2.2
[61] here_1.0.1 labeling_0.4.2 tidyselect_1.1.1
[64] rlang_0.4.11 DiceDesign_1.9 later_1.3.0
[67] munsell_0.5.0 cellranger_1.1.0 tools_4.1.1
[70] cachem_1.0.6 cli_3.0.1 generics_0.1.0
[73] broom_0.7.9 evaluate_0.14 fastmap_1.1.0
[76] yaml_2.2.1 ragg_1.1.3 rematch2_2.1.2
[79] knitr_1.34 fs_1.5.0 future_1.22.1
[82] whisker_0.4 R.oo_1.24.0 xml2_1.3.2
[85] compiler_4.1.1 rstudioapi_0.13 curl_4.3.2
[88] reprex_2.0.1 lhs_1.1.3 bslib_0.3.0
[91] stringi_1.7.4 highr_0.9 gdtools_0.2.3
[94] hrbrthemes_0.8.0 lattice_0.20-44 Matrix_1.3-4
[97] styler_1.5.1 conflicted_1.0.4 vctrs_0.3.8
[100] tidymodels_0.1.3 pillar_1.6.2 lifecycle_1.0.0
[103] furrr_0.2.3 jquerylib_0.1.4 httpuv_1.6.2
[106] R6_2.5.1 promises_<IP_ADDRESS> gridExtra_2.3
[109] parallelly_1.28.1 codetools_0.2-18 MASS_7.3-54
[112] assertthat_0.2.1 rprojroot_2.0.2 withr_2.4.2
[115] parallel_4.1.1 hms_1.1.0 grid_4.1.1
[118] rpart_4.1-15 timeDate_3043.102 class_7.3-19
[121] rmarkdown_2.10 git2r_0.28.0 pROC_1.18.0
[124] lubridate_1.7.10


| 1 | package fr.sii.ogham.spring.common; | |
| 2 | ||
| 3 | import java.util.List; | |
| 4 | ||
| 5 | public class SendRetryProperties { | |
| 6 | /** | |
| 7 | * Set the maximum number of attempts for sending a message. | |
| 8 | */ | |
| 9 | private Integer maxAttempts; | |
| 10 | /** | |
| 11 | * Set the delay between two attempts for sending a message (in | |
| 12 | * milliseconds). | |
| 13 | */ | |
| 14 | private Long delayBetweenAttempts; | |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | /** | |
| 17 | * Set the initial delay between two executions (in milliseconds). This | |
| 18 | * delay will be doubled for each try. | |
| 19 | */ | |
| 20 | private Long exponentialInitialDelay; | |
| 21 | ||
| 22 | /** | |
| 23 | * Set specific delays (in milliseconds) used for each new execution. If | |
| 24 | * there are more attempts than the configured delays, the last delay is | |
| 25 | * used for remaining attempts. | |
| 26 | */ | |
| 27 | private List<Long> perExecutionDelays; | |
| 28 | ||
| 29 | /** | |
| 30 | * Retry several times with a fixed delay between each try (no matter how | |
| 31 | * long the execution of the action lasts) until the maximum attempts is | |
| 32 | * reached. The next execution date is based on the execution start date of | |
| 33 | * the first execution.
 | |
| 34 | *
 | |
| 35 | * Set the interval between two executions (in milliseconds). | |
| 36 | */ | |
| 37 | private Long executionInterval; | |
| 38 | ||
| 39 | public Integer getMaxAttempts() { | |
| 40 |
2
1. getMaxAttempts : replaced Integer return value with 0 for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getMaxAttempts → SURVIVED 2. getMaxAttempts : replaced Integer return value with 0 for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getMaxAttempts → SURVIVED |
return maxAttempts; |
| 41 | } | |
| 42 | ||
| 43 | public void setMaxAttempts(Integer maxAttempts) { | |
| 44 | this.maxAttempts = maxAttempts; | |
| 45 | } | |
| 46 | ||
| 47 | public Long getDelayBetweenAttempts() { | |
| 48 |
2
1. getDelayBetweenAttempts : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getDelayBetweenAttempts → SURVIVED 2. getDelayBetweenAttempts : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getDelayBetweenAttempts → SURVIVED |
return delayBetweenAttempts; |
| 49 | } | |
| 50 | ||
| 51 | public void setDelayBetweenAttempts(Long delayBetweenAttempts) { | |
| 52 | this.delayBetweenAttempts = delayBetweenAttempts; | |
| 53 | } | |
| 54 | ||
| 55 | public Long getExponentialInitialDelay() { | |
| 56 |
2
1. getExponentialInitialDelay : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getExponentialInitialDelay → SURVIVED 2. getExponentialInitialDelay : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getExponentialInitialDelay → SURVIVED |
return exponentialInitialDelay; |
| 57 | } | |
| 58 | ||
| 59 | public void setExponentialInitialDelay(Long exponentialInitialDelay) { | |
| 60 | this.exponentialInitialDelay = exponentialInitialDelay; | |
| 61 | } | |
| 62 | ||
| 63 | public List<Long> getPerExecutionDelays() { | |
| 64 |
2
1. getPerExecutionDelays : replaced return value with Collections.emptyList for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getPerExecutionDelays → SURVIVED 2. getPerExecutionDelays : replaced return value with Collections.emptyList for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getPerExecutionDelays → SURVIVED |
return perExecutionDelays; |
| 65 | } | |
| 66 | ||
| 67 | public void setPerExecutionDelays(List<Long> perExecutionDelays) { | |
| 68 | this.perExecutionDelays = perExecutionDelays; | |
| 69 | } | |
| 70 | ||
| 71 | public Long getExecutionInterval() { | |
| 72 |
2
1. getExecutionInterval : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getExecutionInterval → SURVIVED 2. getExecutionInterval : replaced Long return value with 0L for fr/sii/ogham/spring/common/SendRetryProperties::getExecutionInterval → SURVIVED |
return executionInterval; |
| 73 | } | |
| 74 | ||
| 75 | public void setExecutionInterval(Long executionInterval) { | |
| 76 | this.executionInterval = executionInterval; | |
| 77 | } | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 40 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 48 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 56 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 64 |
1.1 2.2 |
|
| 72 |
1.1 2.2 |


TCGBPurchasableReceipt Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
|---|---|
| Declared in | TCGBPurchasable.h |
Properties
itemSeq
itemSeq
@property (assign) long itemSeq
Discussion
Item Sequence which is the number presented in Toast Cloud IAP Console.
Declared In
TCGBPurchasable.h
price
item price
@property (assign) float price
Discussion
This value is from the market.
Warning: If there is no price data, it will be initialized to -1
Declared In
TCGBPurchasable.h
paymentSeq
paymentSeq
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *paymentSeq
Discussion
Payment Sequence is used to trace purchase transaction.
Declared In
TCGBPurchasable.h
purchaseToken
purchaseToken
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *purchaseToken
Discussion
Purchase Token is an unique string to validate purchasement.
Declared In
TCGBPurchasable.h
Allocation
+ purchasableReceiptWithResult:
Initialize the class with JSON Value.
+ (instancetype)purchasableReceiptWithResult:(NSDictionary *)result
Parameters
result |
result is a json formatted NSDictionary object. This is from ToastCloud IAP Server. |
|---|
Return Value
Instance being initialized.
Declared In
TCGBPurchasable.h


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certutil
Manage keys and certificates in both NSS databases and other NSS tokens.
More information: home page
- Create a new certificate database:
certutil -N -d .
- List all certificates in a database:
certutil -L -d .
- List all private keys in a database:
certutil -K -d . -f path/to/password_file.txt
- Import the signed certificate into the requesters database:
certutil -A -n "server_certificate" -t ",," -i path/to/file.crt -d .
- Add subject alternative names to a given certificate:
certutil -S -f path/to/password_file.txt -d . -t ",," -c "server_certificate" -n "server_name" -g 2048 -s "CN=common_name,O=organization"