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- eb - Variable in class controllers.EmailController
-
- eb - Variable in class controllers.EventController
-
- editAnimal(Animal) - Method in class controllers.AnimalController
-
REST endpoint that updates an animal in the database
- editEvent(Event) - Method in class controllers.EventController
-
accepts an event that is to be updated in the database
- editFoster(Foster) - Method in class controllers.FosterController
-
accepts a foster that is to be updated in the database
- editVolunteer(Volunteer) - Method in class controllers.VolunteerController
-
accepts a volunteer that is to be updated in the database
- email - Variable in class entities.AuthResponse
-
- email - Variable in class entities.AuthUser
-
- email - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-
- email - Variable in class entities.DogApplication
-
- email - Variable in class entities.Foster
-
- email - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emailAllowed - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- EmailBroker - Class in services
-
- EmailBroker() - Constructor for class services.EmailBroker
-
default constructor that instantiates a JavaMailSender
- EmailController - Class in controllers
-
- EmailController() - Constructor for class controllers.EmailController
-
- emailPref - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_cellPhone - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_email - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_fname - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_homePhone - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_lname - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg1_relationship - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_cellPhone - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_email - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_fname - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_homePhone - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_lname - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- emg2_relationship - Variable in class entities.Volunteer
-
- endTime - Variable in class entities.Event
-
- enjoyBeingGroomed - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-
- enjoyBeingGroomed - Variable in class entities.DogApplication
-
- enjoyBeingHeld - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-
- enjoyBeingHeld - Variable in class entities.DogApplication
-
- enjoyBeingPetted - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-
- enjoyBeingPetted - Variable in class entities.DogApplication
-
- entities - package entities
-
- equals(Object) - Method in class entities.EventStaff
-
- equals(Object) - Method in class entities.Token
-
- Event - Class in entities
-
- Event() - Constructor for class entities.Event
-
- EventBroker - Class in services
-
Borker class for managing event.
- EventBroker() - Constructor for class services.EventBroker
-
- EventController - Class in controllers
-
- EventController() - Constructor for class controllers.EventController
-
- eventid - Variable in class entities.EventStaff
-
- EventStaff - Class in entities
-
- EventStaff() - Constructor for class entities.EventStaff
-
- expectations - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-
- expiresIn - Variable in class entities.AuthResponse
-
- expireTime - Variable in class entities.Token
-
- explainGiveUp - Variable in class entities.CatApplication
-


Gateway
BOT
27-Mar-19 06:40 PM
[telegram] <Regnar> There are plenty of private tools. However going from fiat to crypto is likely always going to be restricted by govs, even if the provider is in a friendly country that doesn't care, they can be embargoed, or frozen out of international banking markets.
Fiat money isn't permission-less, the receivers have to trust the senders and vice versa. Very easy for a US bank to refuse transfers to/from Bank A of another country.
Private entry into crypto from fiat is basically 1. Use cash P2P like local bitcoins. 2. Use privacy focused companies in other countries and hope they don't get frozen out of the banking system for being private. 3. Use a method that doesn't LOOK like you're buying crypto so you don't get caught in a bank's crypto filter. Ie. Buy gift cards, purchase through companies that don't only do crypto etc. (re @TonyStarkBR: We need something more private in the provider side!
It doesn't matter if the user can hide if Big Gov can still use the stick on the providers...)
[telegram] <Regnar> Probably best bet is to find a bigger bank that is pro crypto and big enough that it wont get iced out of markets. Credit unions can get iced fairly easily though have the benefit of being small enough that it's hard to track all of the one's that are crypto friendly in order to ice them out.
Localbitcoins announced the company is adding several different identification processes in order to improve AML and KYC requirements.
[telegram] <TonyStarkBR> Localbitcoins... (re @Regnar: There are plenty of private tools. However going from fiat to crypto is likely always going to be restricted by govs, even if the provider is in a friendly country that doesn't care, they can be embargoed, or frozen out of international banking markets.
Fiat money isn't permission-less, the receivers have to trust the senders and vice versa. Very easy for a US bank to refuse transfers to/from Bank A of another country.
Private entry into crypto from fiat is basically 1. Use cash P2P like local bitcoins. 2. Use privacy focused companies in other countries and hope they don't get frozen out of the banking system for being private. 3. Use a method that doesn't LOOK like you're buying crypto so you don't get caught in a bank's crypto filter. Ie. Buy gift cards, purchase through companies that don't only do crypto etc.)
[telegram] <Acura360> Kyc (re @TonyStarkBR: Localbitcoins... )
[telegram] <Regnar> Craigslist then (re @TonyStarkBR: Localbitcoins might not be a private option anymore...)
[telegram] <TonyStarkBR> Yeah (re @Regnar: Craigslist then)
[telegram] <Regnar> Digital fiat just doesn't behave like crypto. It's not like I can make a wallet to accept USD and bank transfers.
[telegram] <Regnar> Banks are no more than trusted, glorified excel spreadsheets
[telegram] <Regnar> At least as far as money handling goes
[telegram] <Regnar> Hell, even PayPal is technically Illegal in the US last I checked. Nobody does anything about it but I'm pretty sure they still don't have a MSB license (money service business)
[telegram] <PTYX11> it has a license (re @Regnar: Hell, even PayPal is technically Illegal in the US last I checked. Nobody does anything about it but I'm pretty sure they still don't have a MSB license (money service business))
[telegram] <Regnar> Ah yea I see now. There was a murky situation at one point where they were being looked at as a bank after they added some new services. Looks good now (re @PTYX11: it has a license)
[telegram] <Regnar> But anyway, all I'm getting at is making wallets for digital USD isn't a reality anytime soon without these licenses.
[telegram] <PTYX11> yea you need a money transmitter and financial services license (re @Regnar: But anyway, all I'm getting at is making wallets for digital USD isn't a reality anytime soon without these licenses.)
[telegram] <PTYX11> usually that is all you need to run a "paypal" like business


Eight killed in violence amid Bolivia’s political crisis
Protesters who support former president Evo Morales have clashed with security forces.
Bolivia’s political crisis again turned deadly when security forces opened fire on supporters of Evo Morales.
Officials said at least eight people died and dozens were injured in an incident that threatens the interim government’s efforts to restore stability following the resignation of the former president in an election dispute.
Most of the dead and injured in Sacaba, near the city of Cochabamba, had been shot.
Guadalberto Lara, director of the town’s Mexico Hospital who confirmed the fatalities, said it is the worst violence he has seen in his 30-year career.
Angry demonstrators and relatives of the victims later gathered at the site of the shootings, chanting: “Civil war, now.”
Mr Morales, who was granted asylum in Mexico after his November 10 resignation, said on Twitter that a “massacre” had occurred, and he described the interim government led by Jeanine Anez as a dictatorship.
“Now they are killing our brothers in Sacaba, Cochabamba,” he said in another tweet.
At least 13 other people died during weeks of earlier protests against Mr Morales before his departure, according to the Ombudsman’s Office. Several came in clashes between the president’s backers and those accusing him of fraudulently trying to win re-election.
The UN human rights chief, former Chilean president Michelle Bachelet, issued a statement on Saturday calling the latest deaths “an extremely dangerous development”.
She added: “I am really concerned that the situation in Bolivia could spin out of control if the authorities do not handle it sensitively and in accordance with international norms.
“The country is split and people on both sides of the political divide are extremely angry. In a situation like this, repressive actions by the authorities will simply stoke that anger even further and are likely to jeopardise any possible avenue for dialogue.”
Protesters said police fired when demonstrators, including many coca leaf growers who backed Bolivia’s first indigenous president, tried to cross a military checkpoint.
Presidency Minister Jerjes Justiniano accused protesters of using “military weapons”.
Earlier in the day, Ms Anez said Mr Morales would face possible legal charges for election fraud if he returns home from Mexico City.
Ms Anez has also said he would not be allowed to participate in new presidential elections, which are supposed to be held within three months.
The ousted leader, meanwhile, contended this week he is still president since the country’s legislature has not yet approved his resignation.
Mr Morales stepped down following nationwide protests over suspected vote-rigging in an October 20 election in which he claimed to have won a fourth term in office.
An Organisation of American States audit of the vote found widespread irregularities. Mr Morales has denied there was fraud.
Meanwhile, the families of those killed held a candlelight vigil in Sacaba.
A tearful woman put her hand on a wooden casket surrounded by flowers and asked: “Is this what you call democracy? Killing us like nothing?”


{%- include head.html -%}
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| I l@ve RuBoard |
2.7 The mmap Module(New in 2.0) The mmap module provides an interface to the operating system's memory mapping functions, as shown in Example 2-13. The mapped region behaves like a string object, but data is read directly from the file. Example 2-13. Using the mmap ModuleFile: mmap-example-1.py import mmap import os filename = "samples/sample.txt" file = open(filename, "r+") size = os.path.getsize(filename) data = mmap.mmap(file.fileno(), size) # basics print data print len(data), size # use slicing to read from the file print repr(data[:10]), repr(data[:10]) # or use the standard file interface print repr(data.read(10)), repr(data.read(10)) <mmap object at 008A2A10> 302 302 'We will pe' 'We will pe' 'We will pe' 'rhaps even' Under Windows, the file must currently be opened for both reading and writing (r+, or w+), or the mmap call will fail. Example 2-14 shows that memory mapped regions can be used instead of ordinary strings in many places, including regular expressions and many string operations. Example 2-14. Using String Functions and Regular Expressions on a Mapped RegionFile: mmap-example-2.py import mmap import os, string, re def mapfile(filename): file = open(filename, "r+") size = os.path.getsize(filename) return mmap.mmap(file.fileno(), size) data = mapfile("samples/sample.txt") # search index = data.find("small") print index, repr(data[index-5:index+15]) # regular expressions work too! m = re.search("small", data) print m.start(), m.group() 43 'only small\015\012modules ' 43 small |
| I l@ve RuBoard |


I am an experienced frontend developer conversant with frontend technology such as HTML5,CSS3,Vanilla javascript. I am also in the process of learning frontend javascript libraries like react js, Angulla js as well as Vue js.
I am a seasoned backend developers with 2 years industrial experience.I am Well versed with languages like node js as well as python web development libraries like Django and flask. I am also conversant with database technology like mysql, ms sql as well as postgress databases.
I am conversant with data visuazation tools like DJ3 js library, python matplotlib library as well as R ggplot2 libary. I am also well versed with machine learning technologies like supervised ML, unsupervised ML as well as reinforcement learning.
The above website is a Restraunt site that forcuses on the user interface.It uses technologies like HTML5, CSS3 as well as pure vanilla javascript.
The above website is a band website that uses tech like HTML5 and CSS3 technologies.It forcuses on the user interface i.e what the user is able to see and interact with in his/her browser.
The above project is a full stack project that furcuses on both frontend and well as backend tech. Technologies used are HTML, CSS, javascript, Django as well postgress data base.
Copyright © 2021 Joesh_Gichon. All rights reserved.


UFC 245: Referee, judging assignments set for trio of title fights on Dec. 14 in Las Vegas
by Adam Guillen Jr.Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC) has announced the referee and judging assignments for the upcoming UFC 245 pay-per-view (PPV) event, set for Dec 14, 2019 inside T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, Nevada, which features a trio of title fights.
According to MMA Junkie, Marc Goddard will serve as the referee for the Welterweight title fight between division king, Kamaru Usman, and No. 1 contender, Colby Covington. Furthermore, Derek Cleary, Sal D’Amato and Eric Colon have been tasked as judges for the main event.
In the co-headlining act, Featherweight champion, Max Holloway, will defend his title against Alex Volkanovski, which will be officiated by Jason Herzog, who will be the man in the middle for a UFC title fight for the first time. According to the report, Mike Bell, Junichiro Kamijo and Chris Lee will be the judges.
Also, Keith Peterson will be the official in the middle when UFC champ-champ, Amanda Nunes, puts her Bantamweight title on the line against Germaine De Randamie. The judges for that title fight will be Dave Hagen, Ron McCarthy and D’Amato.
Aside from the three championship bouts, the main card will be rounded out by two intriguing Bantamweight fights as Marlon Moraes welcomes Jose Aldo to the division, while Petr Yan looks for a big win over Urijah Faber.
To see the complete UFC 245 fight card and line up click here.


AMAZING PEOPLE ARE MAKING AMAZING DESIGNS IN A FUN ENVIRONMENT
When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects of our software development process are intergrated and interactive and agile.
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products.
We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements
Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions.
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code our team will spend the necessary time needed to understand your product vision.
The outcome of this scoping session in a proposal or high-level statement of work.
based on your requirements, we can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy,interaction and visual design and user experience testing
Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual design and workflows,solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise,mobile and web development,technologies.
They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis,usingproven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Planning and development is iteractive. Because we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live.
This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.


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TOPSY TURVY A film review by Mark R. Leeper
Capsule: Mike Leigh takes a break from his films about the lower classes to give us a sort of concert film docu-drama about the first production of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta THE MIKADO, performed by the famous D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Many different personalities come together and many plot threads are woven together to tell the complete story--or at any rate as much as you would want at one sitting--of how the production came to be. Rating: 8 (0 to 10), high +2 (-4 to +4)
The Savoy Theatre, London, March 14, 1885, saw the world premiere performance of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta THE MIKADO, quite possibly the most popular operetta ever written. Mike Leigh whose films of late have dealt with the slice of life problems of the lower classes instead this time tells us the story of the birth of this operetta, one that almost did not make it to the stage after a production beset with problems.
As the film opens Sir Arthur Sullivan (Allan Corduner) is ailing. As he sees the end of his life coming, he wants to get on to writing serious music. Sullivan would like to write a major serious opera. He had written the scores for several William Gilbert (Jim Broadbent) comic librettos, but he has decided that he should get on with his serious writing while he still could. Gilbert had come to the end of creative streak and his new plays were sounding a lot like his old plays. Sullivan wished to remain friends with Gilbert, but wanted no more to do with their partnership. Gilbert, whom Broadbent plays as witty without being really intelligent, is bewildered at the loss of his partner. In a nick of time a traveling fair from Japan gives Gilbert the inspiration to set a story in Japan.
For once it may be good for the viewer to know ahead of time that the story is leading to the production of THE MIKADO. Otherwise the first half-hour or so would seem aimless and pointless. Watching the elements collect in the early stages of the formation of a classic is much like watching the dust collect in the early stages of the formation of a star. There is not much to see.
Speaking of stars, this film has been cast with very few. Leigh has chosen mostly lessor luminaries but nonetheless quality actors for nearly every role. He intends the draw to be curiosity about the subject matter rather than to see any well-known actor's next film. On seeing the film I had to say that the only face familiar to me was that of Jim Broadbent, and him I knew from BBC imports. This is an intelligent policy with so many good but unknown actors to choose from in Britain.
By the second half of the film it is clear what we are seeing. We see some extended shots of the preparation, much as we would see in a current documentary. In very realistic style we will see three or four actors on a stage going over the minutiae of how to pronounce the words of the script and where to put emphasis in the lines. Acting seems to have changed very little in 115 years. Elsewhere we see negotiations over what will and will not be worn for costumes. Through it all Gilbert is demanding to tyrannical. In one incident he cuts a well- liked song a day before production making very clear that the cast has performed it excellently, but that his own song is at fault. The cast is willing to take Gilbert's treatment, but rebels because they think the song should be performed.
One stylistic problem is the detailed inclusion of a scene in a bordello. It seems out of place with the rest of the film and certainly it would seem that the nudity could be implied rather than graphic. The scene seems to be calculated to give the film a more profitable rating, as there is little else in the film worthy of more than a PG-rating. Arthur Sullivan's dilemma of having to choose between creating popular crowd-pleasing entertainment or high art revisits an argument carried on in such films as SULLIVAN'S TRAVELS and THE WHOLE WIDE WORLD. Leigh who wrote and directed is clearly a fan of Gilbert and Sullivan as a duo and would clearly vote for Sullivan's staying with popular art. Most of the film takes place in rooms, but the film creates a very credible version of England in the 1880s.
Mike Leigh gives us a very credible view of what it must have been like to be present at the production of THE MIKADO. It gives more than a little insight into similarities and differences in the creative process 115 years ago and today. I give it an 8 on the 0 to 10 scale and a high +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright 2000 Mark R. Leeper
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| weka.classifiers.evaluation | |
| weka.core | |
| weka.core.matrix | |
| weka.estimators |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
ConfusionMatrix
Cells of this matrix correspond to counts of the number (or weight) of
predictions for each actual value / predicted value combination.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static double[] |
Optimization.solveTriangle(Matrix t,
double[] b,
boolean isLower,
boolean[] isZero)
Solve the linear equation of TX=B where T is a triangle matrix It can be
solved using back/forward substitution, with O(N^2) complexity
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayLeftDivide(Matrix B)
Element-by-element left division, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayLeftDivideEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element left division in place, A = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayRightDivide(Matrix B)
Element-by-element right division, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayRightDivideEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element right division in place, A = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayTimes(Matrix B)
Element-by-element multiplication, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayTimesEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element multiplication in place, A = A.
|
static Matrix |
Matrix.constructWithCopy(double[][] A)
Construct a matrix from a copy of a 2-D array.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.copy()
Make a deep copy of a matrix
|
Matrix |
EigenvalueDecomposition.getD()
Return the block diagonal eigenvalue matrix
|
Matrix |
QRDecomposition.getH()
Return the Householder vectors
|
Matrix |
LUDecomposition.getL()
Return lower triangular factor
|
Matrix |
CholeskyDecomposition.getL()
Return triangular factor.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.getMatrix(int[] r,
int[] c)
Get a submatrix.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.getMatrix(int[] r,
int j0,
int j1)
Get a submatrix.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.getMatrix(int i0,
int i1,
int[] c)
Get a submatrix.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.getMatrix(int i0,
int i1,
int j0,
int j1)
Get a submatrix.
|
Matrix |
QRDecomposition.getQ()
Generate and return the (economy-sized) orthogonal factor
|
Matrix |
QRDecomposition.getR()
Return the upper triangular factor
|
Matrix |
SingularValueDecomposition.getS()
Return the diagonal matrix of singular values
|
Matrix |
LUDecomposition.getU()
Return upper triangular factor
|
Matrix |
SingularValueDecomposition.getU()
Return the left singular vectors
|
Matrix |
EigenvalueDecomposition.getV()
Return the eigenvector matrix
|
Matrix |
SingularValueDecomposition.getV()
Return the right singular vectors
|
static Matrix |
Matrix.identity(int m,
int n)
Generate identity matrix
|
Matrix |
Matrix.inverse()
Matrix inverse or pseudoinverse
|
Matrix |
Matrix.minus(Matrix B)
C = A - B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.minusEquals(Matrix B)
A = A - B
|
static Matrix |
Matrix.parseMatlab(String matlab)
creates a matrix from the given Matlab string.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.plus(Matrix B)
C = A + B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.plusEquals(Matrix B)
A = A + B
|
static Matrix |
Matrix.random(int m,
int n)
Generate matrix with random elements
|
static Matrix |
Matrix.read(BufferedReader input)
Read a matrix from a stream.
|
Matrix |
LUDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
QRDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Least squares solution of A*X = B
|
Matrix |
CholeskyDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.solveTranspose(Matrix B)
Solve X*A = B, which is also A'*X' = B'
|
Matrix |
Matrix.sqrt()
returns the square root of the matrix, i.e., X from the equation X*X = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.times(double s)
Multiply a matrix by a scalar, C = s*A
|
Matrix |
Matrix.times(Matrix B)
Linear algebraic matrix multiplication, A * B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.timesEquals(double s)
Multiply a matrix by a scalar in place, A = s*A
|
Matrix |
Matrix.transpose()
Matrix transpose.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.uminus()
Unary minus
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayLeftDivide(Matrix B)
Element-by-element left division, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayLeftDivideEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element left division in place, A = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayRightDivide(Matrix B)
Element-by-element right division, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayRightDivideEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element right division in place, A = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayTimes(Matrix B)
Element-by-element multiplication, C = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.arrayTimesEquals(Matrix B)
Element-by-element multiplication in place, A = A.
|
Matrix |
Matrix.minus(Matrix B)
C = A - B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.minusEquals(Matrix B)
A = A - B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.plus(Matrix B)
C = A + B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.plusEquals(Matrix B)
A = A + B
|
LinearRegression |
Matrix.regression(Matrix y,
double ridge)
Performs a (ridged) linear regression.
|
LinearRegression |
Matrix.regression(Matrix y,
double[] w,
double ridge)
Performs a weighted (ridged) linear regression.
|
void |
Matrix.setMatrix(int[] r,
int[] c,
Matrix X)
Set a submatrix.
|
void |
Matrix.setMatrix(int[] r,
int j0,
int j1,
Matrix X)
Set a submatrix.
|
void |
Matrix.setMatrix(int i0,
int i1,
int[] c,
Matrix X)
Set a submatrix.
|
void |
Matrix.setMatrix(int i0,
int i1,
int j0,
int j1,
Matrix X)
Set a submatrix.
|
Matrix |
LUDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
QRDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Least squares solution of A*X = B
|
Matrix |
CholeskyDecomposition.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.solve(Matrix B)
Solve A*X = B
|
Matrix |
Matrix.solveTranspose(Matrix B)
Solve X*A = B, which is also A'*X' = B'
|
Matrix |
Matrix.times(Matrix B)
Linear algebraic matrix multiplication, A * B
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
CholeskyDecomposition(Matrix Arg)
Cholesky algorithm for symmetric and positive definite matrix.
|
EigenvalueDecomposition(Matrix Arg)
Check for symmetry, then construct the eigenvalue decomposition
|
LinearRegression(Matrix a,
Matrix y,
double ridge)
Performs a (ridged) linear regression.
|
LinearRegression(Matrix a,
Matrix y,
double[] w,
double ridge)
Performs a weighted (ridged) linear regression.
|
LUDecomposition(Matrix A)
LU Decomposition
|
QRDecomposition(Matrix A)
QR Decomposition, computed by Householder reflections.
|
SingularValueDecomposition(Matrix Arg)
Construct the singular value decomposition
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
MahalanobisEstimator(Matrix covariance,
double constDelta,
double valueMean)
Constructor
|
Copyright © 2018 University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ. All Rights Reserved.


2 Samuel 16:17
And Absalom said to Hushai, Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Quick Notes on the 2009 Opening Day Game author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 501 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=501 date: '2009-04-07 11:56:32 +0000' date_gmt: '2009-04-07 17:56:32 +0000' categories: - Starting Pitching - The Cubs tags: - Alfonso Soriano - Carlos Zambrano - Lou Piniella - Roy Oswalt - Ryan Dempster - Spring Training - Milton Bradley - lead-off - OBP - Wandy Rodriguez comments: [] ---
I wasn't able to see the majority of last night's game. First off, my dog got loose and I spent the first 30 minutes trying to lure her home. Then I went to the airport to pick up the in-laws. From there we went out to eat, so I was able to see a little at the restaurant. I DVR'd the game, but haven't had a chance to watch it. Here are a few notes from what I saw:
* Soriano's season-starting HR was great. It also leads to more interesting "lead off" discussion. Is it better to have a guy up there that can give you a quick 1-0 start and put the other team on their heels or to have a guy with speed and a high OBP? We know what Lou has decided and it gives buffoons like us fodder for months.
* It was really nice to see Zambrano come out and pitch a strong game.  It was cool to see the Cubs take care of Oswalt. He's a great pitcher that has dominated everyone, but somehow the Cubs have managed to do well against him.
* I couldn't help but laugh when I saw Milton Bradley turn his ankle on first base. It just seemed like the way the Cubs WOULD start a season. Big money to a big name....good/great Spring Training...injured in the first game. I was relieved to see him return to the field in the bottom half of the inning.
* Tonight - Dempster vs. Rodriguez. I'll take that matchup.


Coffee and Motorcycles
There is a coffee-shop a few blocks away from me that sells two things: coffee, and motorcycles. I'm not kidding -- the coffee is strong, the motorcycles are loud, and the patrons love it.
What's the difference between a cup of coffee and a motorcycle? (How is a raven like a writing desk?). You could say it's a matter of degree, the idea that both create a sense of speed, energy, and rustic individualism. You could even go further, since with a lot of commodities -- coffee, say, or denim, it's not just about the product, but the story behind it. "A good story will make even the best offer even better," as the saying goes.
And by selling these two things -- a $3 cup of coffee, and a $9000 motorcycle, they seem to make a living.
If only we could all be so cleanly satisfied.


using Polynomials,DataFrames
using LinearAlgebra
using Plots,LaTeXStrings
default(markersize=3,linewidth=1.5)
using Interpolations,QuadGK
include("FNC.jl")
Here are some points that we could consider to be observations of an unknown function on $[-1,1]$.
n = 5
t = range(-1,stop=1,length=n+1)
y = @. t^2 + t + 0.05*sin(20*t)
scatter(t,y,label="data",leg=:top)
The polynomial interpolant, as computed using polyfit
, looks very sensible. It's the kind of function you'd take home to meet your parents.
p = polyfit(t,y,n) # interpolating polynomial
plot!(x->p(x),-1.01,1.01,label="interpolant")
But now consider a different set of points generated in almost exactly the same way.
n = 18
t = LinRange(-1,1,n+1)
y = @. t^2 + t + 0.05*sin(20*t)
scatter(t,y,label="data",leg=:top)
The points themselves are unremarkable. But take a look at what happens to the polynomial interpolant.
p = polyfit(t,y,n)
plot!(x->p(x),-1.01,1.01,label="interpolant")
Surely there must be functions that are more intuitively representative of those points!
n = 12
t = LinRange(-1,1,n+1)
y = @. t^2 + t + 0.5*sin(20*t)
scatter(t,y,label="data",leg=:top)
The Interpolations
package makes it easy to construct some standard interpolating functions. Here is one that is linear between each pair of consecutive nodes.
p = LinearInterpolation(t,y)
plot!(x->p(x),-1,1,label="piecewise linear")
We may instead request a smoother interpolant that is piecewise cubic.
p = CubicSplineInterpolation(t,y)
scatter(t,y,label="data",leg=:top)
plot!(x->p(x),-1,1,label="piecewise cubic")
n = 18
t = LinRange(-1,1,n+1)
y = [zeros(9);1;zeros(n-9)]; # data for 10th cardinal function
scatter(t,y,label="data")
plot!(FNC.spinterp(t,y),label="spline",
xlabel="x",ylabel="p(x)",title="Piecewise cubic cardinal function")
The piecewise cubic cardinal function is nowhere greater than one in absolute value. This happens to be true for all the cardinal functions, ensuring a good condition number for the interpolation. But the story for global polynomials is very different.
scatter(t,y,label="data")
p = polyfit(t,y,n)
plot!(x->p(x),-1,1,label="polynomial",
xlabel="x",ylabel="p(x)",title="Polynomial cardinal function")
From the figure we can see that the condition number for polynomial interpolation on these nodes is at least 500.
Let's define a set of 6 nodes (i.e., $n=5$ in our formulas).
t = [0, 0.075, 0.25, 0.55, 0.7, 1]
We plot the hat functions $H_0,\ldots,H_5$.
plot([x->FNC.hatfun(x,t,k) for k=0:5],0,1,label="",
xlabel=L"x", ylabel=L"H_k(x)", title="Hat functions")
We generate a piecewise linear interpolant of $f(x)=e^{\sin 7x}$.
f = x -> exp(sin(7*x))
plot(f,0,1,label="function",
xlabel="x",ylabel="f(x)")
First we sample the function to create the data.
t = [0, 0.075, 0.25, 0.55, 0.7, 1] # nodes
y = f.(t) # function values
scatter!(t,y,label="nodes")
Now we create a callable function that will evaluate the piecewise linear interpolant at any $x$.
p = FNC.plinterp(t,y)
plot!(p,0,1,label="interpolant",title="PL interpolation")
We measure the convergence rate for piecewise linear interpolation of $e^{\sin 7x}$.
f = x -> exp(sin(7*x))
x = (0:10000)/1e4 # sample the difference at many points
n = @. 2^(3:10)
err = zeros(size(n))
for (i,n) = enumerate(n)
t = (0:n)/n # interpolation nodes
p = FNC.plinterp(t,f.(t))
err[i] = maximum( @. abs(f(x)-p(x)) )
end
Since we expect convergence that is $O(h^2)=O(n^{-2})$, we use a log-log graph of error and expect a straight line of slope $-2$.
order2 = @. 0.1*(n/n[1])^(-2)
plot(n,[err order2],m=:o,l=[:solid :dash],label=["error" "2nd order"],
xaxis=(:log10,L"n"),yaxis=(:log10,L"\|f-p\|_\infty"),title="Convergence of PL interpolation")
For illustration, here is a spline interpolant using just a few nodes.
f = x -> exp(sin(7*x))
plot(f,0,1,label="function")
t = [0, 0.075, 0.25, 0.55, 0.7, 1] # nodes
y = f.(t) # values at nodes
scatter!(t,y,label="nodes")
S = FNC.spinterp(t,y)
plot!(S,0,1,label="spline")
Now we look at the convergence rate as the number of nodes increases.
x = (0:10000)/1e4 # sample the difference at many points
n_ = @. round(Int,2^(3:0.5:8)) # numbers of nodes
err_ = zeros(size(n_))
for (i,n) = enumerate(n_)
t = (0:n)/n
S = FNC.spinterp(t,f.(t))
err_[i] = maximum( @. abs(f(x)-S(x)) )
end
@show err_;
Since we expect convergence that is $O(h^4)=O(n^{-4})$, we use a log-log graph of error and expect a straight line of slope $-4$.
order4 = @. (n_/n_[1])^(-4)
plot(n_,[err_,order4],m=[:o :none],l=[:solid :dash],label=["error","4th order"],
xaxis=(:log10,L"n"),yaxis=(:log10,L"\| f-S \|_\infty"),
title="Convergence of spline interpolation")
We try to estimate the derivative of $\cos(x^2)$ at $x=0.5$ using five nodes.
t = [ 0.35,0.5,0.57,0.6,0.75 ] # nodes
f = x -> cos(x^2)
dfdx = x -> -2*x*sin(x^2)
exact_value = dfdx(0.5)
We have to shift the nodes so that the point of estimation for the derivative is at $x=0$.
w = FNC.fdweights(t.-0.5,1)
fd_value = dot(w,f.(t))
We can reproduce the weights in the finite difference tables by using equally spaced nodes with $h=1$. For example, here is a one-sided formula.
Rational.( FNC.fdweights(0:2,1) )
Let's observe the convergence of the forward-difference formula applied to the function $\sin(e^{x+1})$ at $x=0$.
f = x -> sin( exp(x+1) );
FD1 = [ (f(0.1)-f(0)) /0.1,
(f(0.05)-f(0)) /0.05,
(f(0.025)-f(0)) /0.025 ]
It's not clear that the sequence is converging. As predicted, however, the errors are cut approximately by a factor of 2 when $h$ is divided by 2.
exact_value = cos(exp(1))*exp(1)
err = @. exact_value - FD1
Asymptotically as $h\to0$, the error is proportional to $h$.
f = x -> sin( exp(x+1) );
exact_value = cos(exp(1))*exp(1);
We'll run both formulas in parallel for a sequence of $h$ values.
h_ = @. 4. ^(-1:-1:-8)
FD1 = 0*h_; FD2 = 0*h_;
for (k,h) = enumerate(h_)
FD1[k] = (f(h) - f(0)) / h
FD2[k] = (f(h) - f(-h)) / (2*h)
end
In each case $h$ is decreased by a factor of 4, so that the error is reduced by a factor of 4 in the first-order method and 16 in the second-order method.
error_FD1 = @. exact_value-FD1
error_FD2 = @. exact_value-FD2
DataFrame(h=h_,error_FD1=error_FD1,error_FD2=error_FD2)
A graphical comparison can be clearer. On a log-log scale, the error should (roughly) be a straight line whose slope is the order of accuracy. However, it's conventional in convergence plots, to show $h$ decreasing from left to right, which negates the slopes.
plot(h_,[abs.(error_FD1) abs.(error_FD2)],m=:o,label=["error FD1" "error FD2"],
xflip=true,xaxis=(:log10,"\$h\$"),yaxis=(:log10,"error in \$f'(0)\$"),
title="Convergence of finite differences",leg=:bottomleft)
plot!(h_,[h_ h_.^2],l=:dash,label=["order1" "order2"]) # perfect 1st and 2nd order
Let $f(x)=e^{-1.3x}$. We apply finite difference formulas of first, second, and fourth order to estimate $f'(0)=-1.3$.
h = @. 1/10^(1:12)
f = x -> exp(-1.3*x);
fd1 = zeros(size(h))
fd2 = zeros(size(h))
fd4 = zeros(size(h))
for (j,h) = enumerate(h)
nodes = h*(-2:2)
vals = @. f(nodes)/h
fd1[j] = dot([ 0 0 -1 1 0],vals)
fd2[j] = dot([ 0 -1/2 0 1/2 0],vals)
fd4[j] = dot([1/12 -2/3 0 2/3 -1/12],vals)
end
plot(h,abs.(fd1.+1.3),m=:o,label="FD1",
xaxis=(:log10,"\$h\$"),xflip=true,yaxis=(:log10,"total error"),
title="FD error with roundoff",legend=:bottomright)
plot!(h,abs.(fd2.+1.3),m=:o,label="FD2")
plot!(h,abs.(fd4.+1.3),m=:o,label="FD4")
plot!(h,0.1*eps()./h,l=:dash,color=:black,label="\$O(h^{-1})\$")
Again the graph is made so that $h$ decreases from left to right. The errors are dominated at first by truncation error, which decreases most rapidly for the 4th order formula. However, increasing roundoff error eventually equals and then dominates the truncation error as $h$ continues to decrease. As the order of accuracy increases, the crossover point moves to the left (greater efficiency) and down (greater accuracy).
The antiderivative of $e^x$ is, of course, itself. That makes evaluation of $\int_0^1 e^x\,dx$ by the Fundamental Theorem trivial.
I = exp(1)-1
The Julia package QuadGK
has a good all-purpose numerical integrator that estimates the value numerically without finding the antiderivative first. As you can see here, it's often just as accurate.
Q,errest = quadgk(x->exp(x),0,1)
@show Q;
The numerical approach is far more robust. For example, $e^{\sin x}$ has no useful antiderivative. But numerically it's no more difficult.
Q,errest = quadgk(x->exp(sin(x)),0,1)
@show Q;
When you look at the graphs of these functions, what's remarkable is that one of these areas is the most basic calculus while the other is almost impenetrable analytically. From a numerical standpoint, they are practically the same problem.
plot([exp,x->exp(sin(x))],0,1,fill=0,leg=:none,
ylabel=["exp(x)" "exp(sin(x))"],ylim=[0,2.7],layout=(2,1))
We approximate the integral of the function $f(x)=e^{\sin 7x}$ over the interval $[0,2]$.
f = x -> exp(sin(7*x));
a = 0; b = 2;
In lieu of the exact value, we will use the QuadGK
package to find an accurate result.
I,errest = quadgk(f,a,b,atol=1e-14,rtol=1e-14);
println("Integral = $I")
Here is the error at $n=40$.
T,t,y = FNC.trapezoid(f,a,b,40)
@show T;
@show err = I - T;
In order to check the order of accuracy, we double $n$ a few times and observe how the error decreases.
n = @. 40*2^(0:5)
err = zeros(size(n));
for (k,n) = enumerate(n)
T,t,y = FNC.trapezoid(f,a,b,n)
err[k] = I - T
end
DataFrame(n=n,error=err)
Each doubling of $n$ cuts the error by a factor of about 4, which is consistent with second-order convergence. Another check: the slope on a log-log graph should be $-2$.
plot(n,abs.(err),m=:o,label="results",
xaxis=(:log10,"n"),yaxis=(:log10,"error"),title="Convergence of trapezoidal integration")
plot!(n,3e-3*(n/n[1]).^(-2),l=:dash,label="2nd error")
We estimate $\displaystyle\int_0^2 x^2 e^{-2x}\, dx$ using extrapolation.
f = x -> x^2*exp(-2*x);
a = 0; b = 2;
I,errest = quadgk(f,a,b,atol=1e-14,rtol=1e-14)
We start with the trapezoid formula on $n=N$ nodes.
N = 20; # the coarsest formula
n = N; h = (b-a)/n;
t = h*(0:n); y = f.(t);
We can now apply weights to get the estimate $T_f(N)$.
T = [h*( sum(y[2:n]) + y[1]/2 + y[n+1]/2 )]
err_2nd = I .- T
Now we double to $n=2N$, but we only need to evaluate $f$ at every other interior node.
n = 2*n; h = h/2; t = h*(0:n);
T = [ T; T[1]/2 + h*sum( f.(t[2:2:n]) ) ]
err_2nd = I .- T
As expected for a second-order estimate, the error went down by a factor of about 4. We can repeat the same code to double $n$ again.
n = 2*n; h = h/2; t = h*(0:n);
T = [ T; T[2]/2 + h*sum( f.(t[2:2:n]) ) ]
err_2nd = I .- T
Let us now do the first level of extrapolation to get results from Simpson's formula. We combine the elements T[i]
and T[i+1]
the same way for $i=1$ and $i=2$.
S = [ (4*T[i+1]-T[i])/3 for i=1:2 ]
err_4th = I .- S
With the two Simpson values $S_f(N)$ and $S_f(2N)$ in hand, we can do one more level of extrapolation to get a 6th-order accurate result.
R = (16*S[2] - S[1]) / 15
err_6th = I .- R
If we consider the computational time to be dominated by evaluations of $f$, then we have obtained a result with twice as many accurate digits as the best trapezoid result, at virtually no extra cost.
This function gets increasingly oscillatory near the right endpoint.
f = x -> (x+1)^2*cos((2*x+1)/(x-4.3))
plot(f,0,4,label="",xlabel="x",ylabel="f(x)")
Accordingly, the trapezoid rule is more accurate on the left half of the interval than on the right half.
n = @. 50*2^(0:3)
Tleft = []; Tright = [];
for (i,n) = enumerate(n)
Tleft = [ Tleft; FNC.trapezoid(f,0,2,n)[1] ]
Tright = [ Tright; FNC.trapezoid(f,2,4,n)[1] ]
end
left_val,err = quadgk(f,0,2,atol=1e-14,rtol=1e-14)
right_val,err = quadgk(f,2,4,atol=1e-14,rtol=1e-14)
DataFrame(n=n,left_error=Tleft.-left_val,right_error=Tright.-right_val)
Both the picture and the numbers suggest that more nodes should be used on the right half of the interval than on the left half.
f = x -> (x+1)^2*cos((2*x+1)/(x-4.3));
@show I,errest = quadgk(f,0,4,atol=1e-14,rtol=1e-14); # 'exact' value
We perform the integration and show the nodes selected underneath the curve.
Q,t = FNC.intadapt(f,0,4,0.001)
@show num_nodes = length(t);
plot(f,0,4,color=:black,legend=:none,
xlabel="x",ylabel="f(x)",title="Adaptive node selection")
plot!(t,f.(t),seriestype=:sticks,m=(:o,2))
The error turns out to be a bit more than we requested. It's only an estimate, not a guarantee.
@show err = I - Q;
Let's see how the number of integrand evaluations and the error vary with the requested tolerance.
tol_ = @. 10.0^(-4:-1:-14)
err_ = zeros(size(tol_))
num_ = zeros(Int,size(tol_))
for i = 1:length(tol_)
Q,t = FNC.intadapt(f,0,4,tol_[i])
err_[i] = I - Q
num_[i] = length(t)
end
DataFrame(tol=tol_,error=err_,f_evals=num_)
As you can see, even though the errors are not less than the estimates, the two columns decrease in tandem. If we consider now the convergence not in $h$ (which is poorly defined) but in the number of nodes actually chosen, we come close to the fourth order accuracy of the underlying Simpson scheme.
plot(num_,abs.(err_),m=:o,label="results",
xaxis=(:log10,"number of nodes"),yaxis=(:log10,"error"),
title="Convergence of adaptive quadrature")
order4 = @. 0.01*(num_/num_[1])^(-4)
plot!(num_,order4,l=:dash,label="\$O(n^{-4})\$")


Martin Grossman, Jay E. Aronson, Richard V. McCarthy
"This paper describes an investigation into the adoption and use of UML in the software development community. A web-based survey was conducted eliciting responses from users of UML worldwide. Results indicate a wide diversity of opinion regarding UML, reflecting the relative immaturity of the technology as well as the controversy over its effectiveness."
"Promoted as a unified approach which incorporates the ‘best practices’ of previous notational methods, UML promises to relieve some of the problems associated with object-oriented software development. However, there is a severe lack of empirical evidence supporting the claim that UML leads to greater performance and a number of problems continue to be reported concerning its usage (e.g. complexity, inconsistency, difficulty to learn, incompleteness)."


Topics, current events, websites - anything
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Some people will think you're interesting and follow you


Website creation and maintenance
A few details about my work throughout a year of working as IT in a small business
Joomla
Even though I wasn't knowledgeable about the process of creating and maintaining a website, there was need for someone to write some articles and add some elements on the website, so I was asked to start learing about Joomla and the process of simple maintenance on websites created with it.
After a short while I became comfortable working with Joomla since it required minimum coding experience and took upon myself the job of designing and maintening. As a self-learner even basic tasks took a long time to complete since I had to be sure everything worked perfectly.
Personal Projects
Some personal projects I worked on as preparation for certain courses
Javascript
In preparation of 2021 eastern semester, I knew Web Development would be one of courses I would be working and that JavaScript would be heavily involved, so while going through a couple of JS web courses I stumbled upon a video called "Developing a Discord Bot with JS".
Discord is a chat app, similar to programs such as Skype or TeamSpeak, or professional communications platforms like Slack.
It supports video calls, voice chat, and text, allowing users to get in touch however they please. It's a platform that I have been using daily since 2016 and has been a way to keep in touch with friends and colleagues during the pandemic.
I have been part of a Discord Server that frequently does "movie-nights" where members throughout the week post IMDB link's of a movie, moderators gather all the links and put up a voting system where users "react" using emojis to submit their vote. I thought a bot that would automate this procedure would be good introduction to JS and would be fairly quick to do.
I started by getting familiar with a few JS terms and then moved on setting up Visual Studio Code, NodeJS and the Discord API called DiscordJS, the whole project was finished in about 10 days and consisted of the following functions:
- Invite links sent to the user through a private message
- Handling movie submissions that would be put on vote at the end of week
- When grades are published about a course the user is interested in, sent a private message to notify him
AutoHotKey
I need to state that I was never a fan of work and assignments that required the typing of thousands of words, and a big part of that dissatisfaction was the need of intonation which I never used in personal online conversations.
So I thought, why can't I make a simple script that will take a word like "καλημερα" and automatically turns it into "καλημέρα".
And so I did using a free open-source scripting language called AutoHotKey, I combined a simple script with a database I made of over 300.000 words.
The database contained the word with and without its intonation, and the script kept track of what typed until I pressed <space>, if the word existed in my database, it would replace it with the one with the right intonation.
I have been using it on my personal computer on daily basis and has proved really useful especially when writing text-based assignments or reports.


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 Your choices are in red on the bingo pad below. As you can see, you didn't even make a single line!
Usually, we only reward winners, but I want to do something nice for you to keep your spirits up.
Here, take this. I hope it helps!


조회 엑셀 Index Name Department Email Gender Eye Color Age Company Active About Greeting skip_previous navigate_before 1 navigate_next skip_next


Destructuring Books Objects
in this demo we will destruct the clicked on book on the table
TITLE :
AUTHOR :
PUBLISHER :
YEAR :
TITLE
AUTHOR
PUBLISHER
YEAR


| Home > Documentation > Developing > Tutorials > Developing Web services > SAAJ Messaging Web Services |
This article takes you through the some of basic concepts involved in SAAJ Messaging. The goal of this tutorial is to give a brief overview about the terminology involved with SOAP (or SAAJ) messages.
We will also develop a basic SAAJ client that accesses a deployed web service by sending SOAP messages. By using SAAJ we will working at XML level of messages which means that we need to create SOAP request messages and parse the SOAP response messages for results.
To run this tutorial, as a minimum you will be required to have installed the following prerequisite software.
Geronimo version 2.1.x, Java 1.5 runtime, and Eclipse Ganymede are used is used in this tutorial but other versions can be used instead (e.g., Geronimo version 2.2, Java 1.6, Eclipse Europa)
The steps that we follow in due course of the tutorial are:
SAAJ stands for SOAP with Attachments API for Java. SAAJ messages follow the SOAP standards, which prescribe the format for messages. With SAAJ API one can create XML messages that conform to SOAP 1.1 or 1.2 specification by simple making Java API calls.
The two main types of SOAP messages are those that have attachments and those that do not.Messages sent using the SAAJ API are called request-response messages
The following outline shows the very high-level structure of a SOAP message.
All SOAP messages are sent and received over a connection. With the SAAJ API, the connection is represented by a SOAPConnection object, which goes from the sender directly to its destination. They are sent over a SOAPConnection object with the call method, which sends a message (a request) and then blocks until it receives the reply (a response).
The SAAJ client that we are going to develop is targeted towards the web service that we deployed in the Developing a JAX-WS POJO Web Service. Although this model will work any web service if we change the request message according to the WSDL file of deployed service.
This concludes the development section of our web based client.
This completes our development and deployment of a basic SAAJ client that works at XML level by sending SOAP request messages to the deployed Web Service.
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| Characters | 1,508 |
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Major edits
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120 (76.9%)
Minor edits
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36 (23.1%)
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Bottom 90%
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| Year | Edits | IPs | IPs % | Minor edits | Minor edits % | Log events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 16 | 1 | 6.2% | 3 | 18.8% | |
| 2006 | 31 | 16 | 51.6% | 6 | 19.4% | |
| 2007 | 14 | 6 | 42.9% | 2 | 14.3% | |
| 2008 | 16 | 4 | 25% | 4 | 25% | |
| 2009 | 22 | 4 | 18.2% | 10 | 45.5% | |
| 2010 | 5 | 3 | 60% | 1 | 20% | |
| 2011 | 13 | 3 | 23.1% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2012 | 9 | 5 | 55.6% | 3 | 33.3% | |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2014 | 3 | 1 | 33.3% | 1 | 33.3% | |
| 2015 | 7 | 3 | 42.9% | 2 | 28.6% | |
| 2016 | 2 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 50% | |
| 2018 | 2 | 0 | 0% | 1 | 50% | |
| 2019 | 3 | 2 | 66.7% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2021 | 11 | 0 | 0% | 2 | 18.2% |
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| Month | Edits | IPs | IPs % | Minor edits | Minor edits % | Edits · Minor edits · IPs |
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| 2005-10 | 6 | 1 | 16.7% | 3 | 50% | |
| 2005-11 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2005-12 | 10 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2006-01 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
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| 2006-03 | 6 | 4 | 66.7% | 0 | 0% | |
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| 2006-10 | 9 | 4 | 44.4% | 5 | 55.6% | |
| 2006-11 | 8 | 6 | 75% | 0 | 0% | |
| 2006-12 | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | 0% | |
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| 2007-10 | 3 | 1 | 33.3% | 0 | 0% | |
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| 2008-03 | 3 | 2 | 66.7% | 1 | 33.3% | |
| 2008-04 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |
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|---|---|
| Generic rollback | 7 |
| AutoWikiBrowser | 3 |
| Twinkle | 2 |
| Bot revert | 2 |
| JWB | 1 |
| Popups | 1 |
| Shortdesc helper | 1 |
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|---|---|---|
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| Engineering | Stub | Low |
| Transport | Stub | Low |
All times are in UTC.


|
libpqxx 4.0
|
Asynchronous connection policy; connects "in the background". More...
#include <connection.hxx>
Public Member Functions | |
| connect_async (const std::string &opts) | |
| virtual handle | do_startconnect (handle) |
| virtual handle | do_completeconnect (handle) |
| virtual handle | do_dropconnect (handle) throw () |
| virtual bool | is_ready (handle) const throw () |
Asynchronous connection policy; connects "in the background".
Connection is initiated immediately, but completion is deferred until the connection is actually needed.
This may help performance by allowing the client to do useful work while waiting for an answer from the server.
| pqxx::connect_async::connect_async | ( | const std::string & | opts | ) | [explicit] |
| pqxx::connectionpolicy::handle pqxx::connect_async::do_completeconnect | ( | handle | orig | ) | [virtual] |
Reimplemented from pqxx::connectionpolicy.
References pqxx::internal::wait_read(), and pqxx::internal::wait_write().
| pqxx::connectionpolicy::handle pqxx::connect_async::do_dropconnect | ( | handle | orig | ) | throw () [virtual] |
Reimplemented from pqxx::connectionpolicy.
| pqxx::connectionpolicy::handle pqxx::connect_async::do_startconnect | ( | handle | orig | ) | [virtual] |
Reimplemented from pqxx::connectionpolicy.
| bool pqxx::connect_async::is_ready | ( | handle | h | ) | const throw () [virtual] |
Reimplemented from pqxx::connectionpolicy.


.NET Core is a development platform that you can use to build command-line applications, microservices and modern websites. It is open source, cross-platform and is supported by Microsoft. We hope you enjoy using it! If you do, please consider joining the active community of developers that are contributing to the project on GitHub (https://github.com/dotnet/core). We happily accept issues and PRs.
This package contains all the tools you will need to start writing applications with .NET Core. It includes the several tools, including the C# compiler and the NuGet package manager, and a copy of .NET Core for both you and the tools to use.


Here is the entire brief life of Dr Richard Stokes:
Scholar to Sir William Oughtred for Mathematiques (Algebra). Made himself mad with it, but became sober again, but I feare like a crackt glasse. Became Roman Catholique. Married unhappily at Liège, dog and catt, etc. Became a sotte. Dyed in Newgate, prisoner for debt, April 1681.
One of the briefest of John Aubrey's Brief Lives, quoted in “Noticing Everything : A Celebration Of John Aubrey” in Traces Remain : Essays And Explorations by Charles Nicholl (2011).


Ebean mapping extensions
@Identity
@Index
@DbJson
@DbArray
@DbHstore
@DbComment
@DbPartition
@WhenCreated
@WhenModified
@WhoCreated
@WhoModified
@View
@SoftDelete
@Encrypted
@ReadAudit
@History
@Formula
@ChangeLog
<@next_edit "Naming convention" "naming-convention" "/docs/mapping/extensions/index.html"/>


| 1788 |
Cincinnati founded, named after the Society of Cincinnatus (and indirectly, after Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus, 5th c. BC Roman farmer and general, who, after being called to war and serving valiantly, returned to his farm.) |
| 1829 |
Race riot in Cincinnati, Ohio. |
| 1861 |
The Peepshow patented by Samuel Goodale of Cincinnati. |
| 3 Dec 1890 |
Isaac Jordan, the U.S. Congressional Representative from the great state of Ohio, dies after an interesting elevator accident in Cincinnati. |
| 9 Oct 1919 |
The Cincinnati Reds win the World Series, but only because key Chicago White Sox ballplayers agreed to throw the series for $100,000 in bribes. |
| 12 Nov 1934 |
Charles Manson born in Cincinnati. |
| 1971 |
Newly elected Sheriff, Simon Leis begins a crusade against pornography, attacking adult bookstores, massage parlors, and x-rated theaters. Those not prosecuted were hounded out of town. |
| Nov 1976 |
Future talk show host Jerry Springer elected Mayor of Cincinnati. |
| 1977 |
Larry Flynt and his brother Jimmy tried for obscenity by the City of Cincinnati. Larry was convicted and Jimmy found not guilty. |
| 18 Sep 1978 |
Television show, WKRP in Cincinnati, runs until 1982. |
| 3 Dec 1979 |
At Riverfront Coliseum in Cincinnati, eleven concertgoers variously aged 15 to 27 years are trampled and suffocated trying to get in to see The Who. Insufficient exits were available, and a request
by police to open more was ignored. |
| 1990 |
The Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center and curator Dennis Barrie charged with obscenity over a Robert Mapplethorpe exhibit of 175 photographs. |
| 5 Oct 1990 |
After a ten-day trial, a jury acquits the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center of obscenity charges resulting from an exhibition of photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe. So, bullwhips up the ass are now officially A-OK. |
| 2 Feb 1993 |
Marge Schott, owner of the Cincinnati Reds, suspended from Baseball for one year after making repeated racio-ethnic slurs. |
| 1995 |
Barnes and Noble prosecuted for obscenity, after selling a copy of lesbian periodical Libido to an eleven-year-old girl. It is later determined that the girl's father asked her to purchase the periodical in order to bring about a prosecution. Charges are eventually dropped. |
| 10 May 1999 |
Larry Flynt tried for obscenity by the City of Cincinnati over the matter of videotapes sold from the Hustler store. |
| 27 May 2000 |
Film Dirty Pictures documents Cincinnati's war on the Mapplethorpe exhibit. |
| 9 Apr 2001 |
Race riot in Cincinnati, Ohio. |
| 30 Nov 2003 |
A 350 pound black man, Nathaniel Jones, dies after an aggressive police beating which is videotaped and widely aired. |


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|
ReactPhysics3D
0.7.1
Physics engine library
|
This abstract class represents a joint between two bodies. More...
#include <Joint.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Joint (uint id, const JointInfo &jointInfo) | |
| Constructor. | |
| virtual | ~Joint ()=default |
| Destructor. | |
| Joint (const Joint &constraint)=delete | |
| Deleted copy-constructor. | |
| Joint & | operator= (const Joint &constraint)=delete |
| Deleted assignment operator. | |
| RigidBody * | getBody1 () const |
| Return the reference to the body 1. More... | |
| RigidBody * | getBody2 () const |
| Return the reference to the body 2. More... | |
| bool | isActive () const |
| Return true if the constraint is active. More... | |
| JointType | getType () const |
| Return the type of the constraint. More... | |
| bool | isCollisionEnabled () const |
| Return true if the collision between the two bodies of the joint is enabled. More... | |
| uint | getId () const |
| Return the id of the joint. More... | |
| virtual std::string | to_string () const =0 |
| Return a string representation. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| bool | isAlreadyInIsland () const |
| Return true if the joint has already been added into an island. | |
| virtual size_t | getSizeInBytes () const =0 |
| Return the number of bytes used by the joint. | |
| virtual void | initBeforeSolve (const ConstraintSolverData &constraintSolverData)=0 |
| Initialize before solving the joint. | |
| virtual void | warmstart (const ConstraintSolverData &constraintSolverData)=0 |
| Warm start the joint (apply the previous impulse at the beginning of the step) | |
| virtual void | solveVelocityConstraint (const ConstraintSolverData &constraintSolverData)=0 |
| Solve the velocity constraint. | |
| virtual void | solvePositionConstraint (const ConstraintSolverData &constraintSolverData)=0 |
| Solve the position constraint. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| uint | mId |
| Id of the joint. | |
| RigidBody *const | mBody1 |
| Pointer to the first body of the joint. | |
| RigidBody *const | mBody2 |
| Pointer to the second body of the joint. | |
| const JointType | mType |
| Type of the joint. | |
| uint | mIndexBody1 |
| Body 1 index in the velocity array to solve the constraint. | |
| uint | mIndexBody2 |
| Body 2 index in the velocity array to solve the constraint. | |
| JointsPositionCorrectionTechnique | mPositionCorrectionTechnique |
| Position correction technique used for the constraint (used for joints) | |
| bool | mIsCollisionEnabled |
| True if the two bodies of the constraint are allowed to collide with each other. | |
| bool | mIsAlreadyInIsland |
| True if the joint has already been added into an island. | |
Static Protected Attributes | |
| static uint | mNbTotalNbJoints |
| Total number of joints. | |
Friends | |
| class | DynamicsWorld |
| class | Island |
| class | ConstraintSolver |
This abstract class represents a joint between two bodies.
|
inline |
Return the reference to the body 1.
|
inline |
Return the reference to the body 2.
|
inline |
Return the id of the joint.
|
inline |
Return the type of the constraint.
|
inline |
Return true if the constraint is active.
|
inline |
Return true if the collision between the two bodies of the joint is enabled.


Classes and IDs are "attribute selectors". This means that you can attach style to HTML elements based on that element's attributes. This empowers you to apply different style to items of the same HTML type.Classes are an HTML attribute that specifies a name for a group of elements on the page. You can apply the class name to as many elements as you like, even if they are of different HTML tag types. You can use the class name with a period in front as the selector like so:
An ID is an HTML attribute that specifies a name or unique identifier for a particular HTML element. They are like classes with a very important distinction: the value of the ID attribute must be unique throughout the document. This lets you target a single HTML element for styling. You use the name with a hashtag in front as the selector like so. ID names have the same rules as class names: start with a letter, can include numbers and dashes, no spaces. The way to create a selector for an ID is also similar to how you create a selector for a class, except you replace the period with a hash symbol ("#") like in the code below.


from qiskit import *
from qiskit.circuit import Gate
When we program quantum computers, our aim is always to build useful quantum circuits from the basic building blocks. But sometimes, we might not have all the basic building blocks we want. In this section, we'll look at how we can transform basic gates into each other, and how to use them to build some gates that are slightly more complex (but still pretty basic).
Many of the techniques discussed in this chapter were first proposed in a paper by Barenco and coauthors in 1995 [1].
The controlled-Z or cz
gate is another well-used two-qubit gate. Just as the CNOT applies an $X$ to its target qubit whenever its control is in state $|1\rangle$, the controlled-$Z$ applies a $Z$ in the same case. In Qasm it can be invoked directly with
# a controlled-Z
qc.cz(c,t)
where c and t are the control and target qubits. In IBM Q devices, however, the only kind of two-qubit gate that can be directly applied is the CNOT. We therefore need a way to transform one to the other.
The process for this is quite simple. We know that the Hadamard transforms the states $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ to the states $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$. We also know that the effect of the $Z$ gate on the states $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ is the same as that for $X$ on the state $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$. From this reasoning, or from simply multiplying matrices, we find that
$$ H X H = Z,\\\\ H Z H = X. $$The same trick can be used to transform a CNOT into a controlled-$Z$. All we need to do is precede and follow the CNOT with a Hadamard on the target qubit. This will transform any $X$ applied to that qubit into a $Z$.
# also a controlled-Z
qc.h(t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.h(t)
More generally, we can transform a single CNOT into a controlled version of any rotation around the Bloch sphere by an angle $\pi$, by simply preceding and following it with the correct rotations. For example, a controlled-$Y$:
# a controlled-Y
qc.sdg(t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.s(t)
and a controlled-$H$:
# a controlled-H
qc.ry(-pi/4,t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.ry(pi/4,t)
Sometimes we need to move information around in a quantum computer. For some qubit implementations, this could be done by physically moving them. Another option is simply to move the state between two qubits. This is done by the SWAP gate.
# swaps states of qubits a and b
qc.swap(a,b)
The command above directly invokes this gate, but let's see how we might make it using our standard gate set. For this, we'll need to consider a few examples.
First, we'll look at the case that qubit a is in state $|1\rangle$ and qubit b is in state $|0\rangle$. For this we'll apply the following gates:
# swap a 1 from a to b
qc.cx(a,b) # copies 1 from a to b
qc.cx(b,a) # uses the 1 on b to rotate the state of a to 0
This has the effect of putting qubit b in state $|1\rangle$ and qubit a in state $|0\rangle$. In this case at least, we have done a SWAP.
Now let's take this state and SWAP back to the original one. As you may have guessed, we can do this with the reverse of the above process:
# swap a q from b to a
qc.cx(b,a) # copies 1 from b to a
qc.cx(a,b) # uses the 1 on a to rotate the state of b to 0
Note that in these two processes, the first gate of one would have no effect on the initial state of the other. For example, when we swap the $|1\rangle$ b to a, the first gate is cx q[b], q[a]
. If this were instead applied to a state where no $|1\rangle$ was initially on b, it would have no effect.
Note also that for these two processes, the final gate of one would have no effect on the final state of the other. For example, the final cx q[b], q[a]
that is required when we swap the $|1\rangle$ from a to b has no effect on the state where the $|1\rangle$ is not on b.
With these observations, we can combine the two processes by adding an ineffective gate from one onto the other. For example,
qc.cx(b,a)
qc.cx(a,b)
qc.cx(b,a)
We can think of this as a process that swaps a $|1\rangle$ from a to b, but with a useless qc.cx(b,a)
at the beginning. We can also think of it as a process that swaps a $|1\rangle$ from b to a, but with a useless qc.cx(b,a)
at the end. Either way, the result is a process that can do the swap both ways around.
It also has the correct effect on the $|00\rangle$ state. This is symmetric, and so swapping the states should have no effect. Since the CNOT gates have no effect when their control qubits are $|0\rangle$, the process correctly does nothing.
The $|11\rangle$ state is also symmetric, and so needs a trivial effect from the swap. In this case, the first CNOT gate in the process above will cause the second to have no effect, and the third undoes the first. Therefore, the whole effect is indeed trivial.
We have thus found a way to decompose SWAP gates into our standard gate set of single-qubit rotations and CNOT gates.
# swaps states of qubits a and b
qc.cx(b,a)
qc.cx(a,b)
qc.cx(b,a)
It works for the states $|00\rangle$, $|01\rangle$, $|10\rangle$ and $|11\rangle$, as well as for all superpositions of them. It therefore swaps all possible two-qubit states.
The same effect would also result if we changed the order of the CNOT gates:
# swaps states of qubits a and b
qc.cx(a,b)
qc.cx(b,a)
qc.cx(a,b)
This is an equally valid way to get the SWAP gate.
The derivation used here was very much based on the z basis states, but it could also be done by thinking about what is required to swap qubits in states $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$. The resulting ways of implementing the SWAP gate will be completely equivalent to the ones here.
The gates in any quantum computer are driven by the physics of the underlying system. In IBM Q devices, the physics behind CNOTs means that they cannot be directly applied to all possible pairs of qubits. For those pairs for which a CNOT can be applied, it typically has a particular orientation. One specific qubit must act as control, and the other must act as the target, without allowing us to choose.
Changing the direction of a CNOT
Let's deal with the second problem described above: If we have a CNOT with control qubit $c$ and target qubit $t$, how can we make one for which qubit $t$ acts as the control and qubit $c$ is the target?
This question would be very simple to answer for the controlled-$Z$. For this gate, it doesn't matter which way around the control and target qubits are.
qc.cz(c,t)
has exactly the same effect as
qc.cz(t,c)
This means that we can think of either one as the control, and the other as the target.
To see why this is true, let's remind ourselves of what the Z gate is:
$$ Z= \begin{pmatrix} 1&0 \\\\ 0&-1 \end{pmatrix}. $$We can think of this as multiplying the state by $-1$, but only when it is $|1\rangle$.
For a controlled-$Z$ gate, the control qubit must be in state $|1\rangle$ for a $Z$ to be applied to the target qubit. Given the above property of $Z$, this only has an effect when the target is in state $|1\rangle$. We can therefore think of the controlled-$Z$ gate as one that multiplies the state of two qubits by $-1$, but only when the state is $|11\rangle$.
This new interpretation is phrased in a perfectly symmetric way, and demonstrates that the labels of 'control' and 'target' are not necessary for this gate.
This property gives us a way to reverse the orientation of a CNOT. We can first turn the CNOT into a controlled-$Z$ by using the method described earlier: placing a Hadamard both before and after on the target qubit.
# a cz
qc.h(t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.h(t)
Then, since we are free to choose which way around to think about a controlled-$Z$'s action, we can choose to think of $t$ as the control and $c$ as the target. We can then transform this controlled-$Z$ into a corresponding CNOT. We just need to place a Hadamard both before and after on the target qubit (which is now qubit $c$).
# a cx with control qubit t and target qubit c
qc.h(c)
qc.h(t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.h(t)
qc.h(c)
And there we have it: we've turned around the CNOT. All that is needed is a Hadamard on both qubits before and after.
The rest of this subsection is dedicated to another explanation of how to turn around a CNOT, with a bit of math (introduced in the 'States for Many Qubits' article of the previous chapter, and the 'Fun with Matrices' article of this chapter), and some different insight. Feel free to skip over it.
Here is another way to write the CNOT gate:
$$ {\rm CX}_{c,t} = |0\rangle \langle0| \otimes I + |1\rangle \langle1| \otimes X. $$Here the $|1\rangle \langle1|$ ensures that the second term only affects those parts of a superposition for which the control qubit $c$ is in state $|1\rangle$. For those, the effect on the target qubit t is $X$. The first terms similarly address those parts of the superposition for which the control qubit is in state $|0\rangle$, in which case it leaves the target qubit unaffected.
Now let's do a little math. The $X$ gate has eigenvalues $\pm 1$ for the states $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$. The $I$ gate has an eigenvalue of $1$ for all states including $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$. We can thus write them in spectral form as
$$ X = |+\rangle \langle+| \, \, - \, \, |-\rangle \langle-|, \, \, \, \, I = |+\rangle \langle+| \, \, + \, \, |-\rangle \langle-| $$Substituting these into the expression above gives us
$$ {\rm CX}_{c,t} = |0\rangle \langle0| \otimes |+\rangle \langle+| \, \, + \, \, |0\rangle \langle0| \otimes |-\rangle \langle-| \, \, + \, \, |1\rangle \langle1| \otimes |+\rangle \langle+| \, \, - \, \, |1\rangle \langle1| \otimes |-\rangle \langle-| $$Using the states $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$, we can write the $Z$ gate in spectral form, and also use an alternative (but completely equivalent) spectral form for $I$:
$$ Z = |0\rangle \langle0| ~-~ |1\rangle \langle1|, ~~~ I = |0\rangle \langle0| ~+~ |1\rangle \langle1|. $$With these, we can factorize the parts of the CNOT expressed with the $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$ state:
$$ {\rm CX}_{c,t} = I \otimes |+\rangle \langle+| \, \, + \, \, Z \otimes |-\rangle \langle-| $$This gives us a whole new way to interpret the effect of the CNOT. The $Z \otimes |-\rangle \langle-| $ term addresses the parts of a superposition for which qubit $t$ is in state $|-\rangle$ and then applies a $Z$ gate to qubit $c$. The other term similarly does nothing to qubit $c$ when qubit $t$ is in state $|+\rangle.$
In this new interpretation, it is qubit $t$ that acts as the control. It is the $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ states that decide whether an action is performed, and that action is the gate $Z$. This sounds like a very different gate to our familiar CNOT, and yet it is the CNOT. These are two equally true descriptions of its effects.
Among the many uses of this property is the method to turn around a CNOT. For example, consider applying a Hadamard to qubit $c$ both before and after this CNOT:
h(c)
cx(c,t)
h(c)
This transforms the $Z$ in the $Z \otimes |-\rangle \langle-| $ term into an $X$, and leaves the other term unchanged. The combined effect is then a gate that applies an $X$ to qubit $c$ when qubit $t$ is in state $|-\rangle$. This is halfway to what we are wanting to build.
To complete the process, we can apply a Hadamard both before and after on qubit $t$. This transforms the $|+\rangle$ and $|-\rangle$ states in each term into $|0\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$. Now we have something that applies an $X$ to qubit $c$ when qubit $t$ is in state $|1\rangle$. This is exactly what we want: a CNOT in reverse, with qubit $t$ as the control and $c$ as the target.
CNOT between distant qubits
Suppose we have a control qubit $c$ and a target qubit $t$, and we want to do a CNOT gate between them. If this gate is directly possible on a device, we can just do it. If it's only possible to do the CNOT in the wrong direction, we can use the method explained above. But what if qubits $c$ and $t$ are not connected at all?
If qubits $c$ and $t$ are on completely different devices in completely different labs in completely different countries, you may be out of luck. But consider the case where it is possible to do a CNOT between qubit $c$ and an additional qubit $a$, and it is also possible to do one between qubits $a$ and $t$. The new qubit can then be used to mediate the interaction between $c$ and $t$.
One way to do this is with the SWAP gate. We can simply SWAP $a$ and t, do the CNOT between $c$ and $a$, and then swap $a$ and $t$ back again. The end result is that we have effectively done a CNOT between $c$ and $t$. The drawback of this method is that it costs a lot of CNOT gates, with six needed to implement the two SWAPs.
Another method is to use the following sequence of gates.
# a CNOT between qubits c and t, with no end effect on qubit a
qc.cx(a,t)
qc.cx(c,a)
qc.cx(a,t)
qc.cx(c,a)
To see how this works, first consider the case where qubit $c$ is in state $|0\rangle$. The effect of the cx(c,a)
gates in this case are trivial. This leaves only the two cx q[a], q[t]
gates, which cancel each other out. The net effect is therefore that nothing happens.
If qubit $c$ is in state $|1\rangle$, things are not quite so simple. The effect of the cx q(c,a)
gates is to toggle the value of qubit $a$; it turns any $|0\rangle$ in the state of qubit $a$ into $|1\rangle$ and back again, and vice versa.
This toggle effect affects the action of the two cx(a,t)
gates. It ensures that whenever one is controlled on a $|0\rangle$ and has trivial effect, the other is controlled on a $|1\rangle$ and applies an $X$ to qubit $t$. The end effect is that qubit $a$ is left unchanged, but qubit $t$ will always have had an $X$ applied to it.
Putting everything together, this means that an $X$ is applied to qubit $t$ only when qubit $c$ is in state $|1\rangle$. Qubit $a$ is left unaffected. We have therefore engineered a CNOT between qubits $c$ and $t$. Unlike when using SWAP gates, this required only four CNOT gates to implement.
It is similarly possible to engineer CNOT gates when there is a longer chain of qubits required to connect our desired control and target. The methods described above simply need to be scaled up.
We have already seen how to build controlled $\pi$ rotations from a single CNOT gate. Now we'll look at how to build any controlled rotation.
First, let's consider arbitrary rotations around the y axis. Specifically, consider the following sequence of gates.
qc.ry(theta/2,t)
qc.cx(c,t)
qc.ry(-theta/2,t)
qc.cx(c,t)
If the control qubit is in state $|0\rangle$, all we have here is a $R_y(\theta/2)$ immediately followed by its inverse, $R_y(-\theta/2)$. The end effect is trivial. If the control qubit is in state $|1\rangle$, however, the ry(-theta/2)
is effectively preceded and followed by an X gate. This has the effect of flipping the direction of the y rotation and making a second $R_y(\theta/2)$. The net effect in this case is therefore to make a controlled version of the rotation $R_y(\theta)$.
This method works because the x and y axis are orthogonal, which causes the x gates to flip the direction of the rotation. It therefore similarly works to make a controlled $R_z(\theta)$. A controlled $R_x(\theta)$ could similarly be made using CNOT gates.
We can also make a controlled version of any single-qubit rotation, $U$. For this we simply need to find three rotations A, B and C, and a phase $\alpha$ such that
$$ ABC = I, ~~~e^{i\alpha}AZBZC = U $$We then use controlled-Z gates to cause the first of these relations to happen whenever the control is in state $|0\rangle$, and the second to happen when the control is state $|1\rangle$. An $R_z(2\alpha)$ rotation is also used on the control to get the right phase, which will be important whenever there are superposition states.
qc.append(a, [t])
qc.cz(c,t)
qc.append(b, [t])
qc.cz(c,t)
qc.append(c, [t])
qc.u1(alpha,c)
Here A
, B
and C
are gates that implement $A$ , $B$ and $C$, and must be defined as custom gates. For example, if we wanted $A$ to be $R_x(\pi/4)$, the custom would be defined as
qc_a = QuantumCircuit(1, name='A')
qc_a.rx(np.pi/4,0)
A = qc_a.to_instruction()
The Toffoli gate is a three-qubit gate with two controls and one target. It performs an X on the target only if both controls are in the state $|0\rangle$. The final state of the target is then equal to either the AND or the NAND of the two controls, depending on whether the initial state of the target was $|0\rangle$ or $|1\rangle$. A Toffoli can also be thought of as a controlled-controlled-NOT, and is also called the CCX gate.
# Toffoli with control qubits a and b and target t
qc.ccx(a,b,t)
To see how to build it from single- and two-qubit gates, it is helpful to first show how to build something even more general: an arbitrary controlled-controlled-U for any single-qubit rotation U. For this we need to define controlled versions of $V = \sqrt{U}$ and $V^\dagger$. In the Qasm code below, we assume that subroutines cv
and cvdg
have been defined for these, respectively. The controls are qubits $a$ and $b$, and the target is qubit $t$.
qc.cv(b,t)
qc.cx(a,b)
qc.cvdg(b,t)
qc.cx(a,b)
qc.cv(a,t)
By tracing through each value of the two control qubits, you can convince yourself that a U gate is applied to the target qubit if and only if both controls are 1. Using ideas we have already described, you could now implement each controlled-V gate to arrive at some circuit for the doubly-controlled-U gate. It turns out that the minimum number of CNOT gates required to implement the Toffoli gate is six [2].
The Toffoli is not the unique way to implement an AND gate in quantum computing. We could also define other gates that have the same effect, but which also introduce relative phases. In these cases, we can implement the gate with fewer CNOTs.
For example, suppose we use both the controlled-Hadamard and controlled-$Z$ gates, which can both be implemented with a single CNOT. With these we can make the following circuit:
qc.ch(a,t)
qc.cz(b,t)
qc.ch(a,t)
For the state $|00\rangle$ on the two controls, this does nothing to the target. For $|11\rangle$, the target experiences a $Z$ gate that is both preceded and followed by an H. The net effect is an $X$ on the target. For the states $|01\rangle$ and $|10\rangle$, the target experiences either just the two Hadamards (which cancel each other out) or just the $Z$ (which only induces a relative phase). This therefore also reproduces the effect of an AND, because the value of the target is only changed for the $|11\rangle$ state on the controls -- but it does it with the equivalent of just three CNOT gates.
The qubits in current devices are subject to noise, which basically consists of gates that are done by mistake. Simple things like temperature, stray magnetic fields or activity on neighboring qubits can make things happen that we didn't intend.
For large applications of quantum computers, it will be necessary to encode our qubits in a way that protects them from this noise. This is done by making gates much harder to do by mistake, or to implement in a manner that is slightly wrong.
This is unfortunate for the single-qubit rotations $R_x(\theta)$, $R_y(\theta)$ and $R_z(\theta)$. It is impossible to implent an angle $\theta$ with perfect accuracy, such that you are sure that you are not accidentally implementing something like $\theta + 0.0000001$. There will always be a limit to the accuracy we can achieve, and it will always be larger than is tolerable when we account for the build-up of imperfections over large circuits. We will therefore not be able to implement these rotations directly in fault-tolerant quantum computers, but will instead need to build them in a much more deliberate manner.
Fault-tolerant schemes typically perform these rotations using multiple applications of just two gates: $H$ and $T$.
The T gate is expressed in Qasm as
qc.t(0) # T gate on qubit 0
It is a rotation around the z axis by $\theta = \pi/4$, and so is expressed mathematically as $R_z(\pi/4) = e^{i\pi/8~Z}$.
In the following we assume that the $H$ and $T$ gates are effectively perfect. This can be engineered by suitable methods for error correction and fault-tolerance.
Using the Hadamard and the methods discussed in the last chapter, we can use the T gate to create a similar rotation around the x axis.
qc.h(0)
qc.t(0)
qc.h(0)
Now let's put the two together. Let's make the gate $R_z(\pi/4)~R_x(\pi/4)$.
qc.h(0)
qc.t(0)
qc.h(0)
qc.t(0)
Since this is a single-qubit gate, we can think of it as a rotation around the Bloch sphere.  We don't need to think about the axis too much here, but it clearly won't be simply x, y or z. More important is the angle.
The crucial property of the angle for this rotation is that it is irrational. You can prove this yourself with a bunch of math, but you can also see the irrationality in action by applying the gate. Repeating it $n$ times results in a rotation around the same axis by a different angle. Due to the irrationality, the angles that result from different repetitions will never be the same.
We can use this to our advantage. Each angle will be somewhere between $0$ and $2\pi$. Let's split this interval up into $n$ slices of width $2\pi/n$. For each repetition, the resulting angle will fall in one of these slices. If we look at the angles for the first $n+1$ repetitions, it must be true that at least one slice contains two of these angles. Let's use $n_1$ to denote the number of repetitions required for the first, and $n_2$ for the second.
With this, we can prove something about the angle for $n_2-n_1$ repetitions. This is effectively the same as doing $n_2$ repetitions, followed by the inverse of $n_1$ repetitions. Since the angles for these are not equal (because of the irrationality) but also differ by no greater than $2\pi/n$ (because they correspond to the same slice), the angle for $n_2-n_1$ repetitions satisfies
$$ \theta_{n_2-n_1} \neq 0, ~~~~-\frac{2\pi}{n} \leq \theta_{n_2-n_1} \leq \frac{2\pi}{n} . $$We therefore have the ability to do rotations around small angles. We can use this to rotate around angles that are as small as we like, just by increasing the number of times we repeat this gate.
By using many small-angle rotations, we can also rotate by any angle we like. This won't always be exact, but it is guaranteed to be accurate up to $2\pi/n$, which can be made as small as we like. We now have power over the inaccuracies in our rotations.
So far, we only have the power to do these arbitrary rotations around one axis. For a second axis, we simply do the $R_z(\pi/4)$ and $R_x(\pi/4)$ rotations in the opposite order.
qc.h(0)
qc.t(0)
qc.h(0)
qc.t(0)
The axis that corresponds to this rotation is not the same as that for the gate considered previously. We therefore now have arbitrary rotation around two axes, which can be used to generate any arbitrary rotation around the Bloch sphere. We are back to being able to do everything, though it costs quite a lot of $T$ gates.
It is because of this kind of application that $T$ gates are so prominent in quantum computation. In fact, the complexity of algorithms for fault-tolerant quantum computers is often quoted in terms of how many $T$ gates they'll need. This motivates the quest to achieve things with as few $T$ gates as possible. Note that the discussion above was simply intended to prove that $T$ gates can be used in this way, and does not represent the most efficient method we know.


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I currently use a second screen for the BattleScreen function in BF4. However to get it to full screen you have to press the expand button everytime which is kind of annoying and shouldnt be necessary.
Expand
So I was wondering if there is a plugin that could do this automatically? So its always full screen without the chat boxes or friends column on the side etc.
Secondly, is there a way to hide the 'BetterBattleLog' tab on the left and the new 'Cookie Preferences' tab bottom left?
Many Thanks,
BENBOBBY
.
dapil
Plugin Developer
I will try to do this.
Post edited 2 x times, last by
Brady_The
Brady_The
dapil wrote:
I will try to do this.
Someone already started something
similar
(I know, pretty rough similarity)
, even though it seems to be abandoned. You might could get in touch with him. Or (at least) get some inspiration.


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