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NORITATE - metronidazole cream
Physicians Total Care, Inc.
NORITATE (metronidazole cream) Cream, 1%, contains metronidazole, USP. Chemically, metronidazole is 2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol. The molecular formula for metronidazole is C6H9N3O3. It has the following structural formula:
Metronidazole has a molecular weight of 171.16. It is a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and has a solubility in water of 10 mg/mL at 20°C. Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial agents and is classified as an antiprotozoal and anti-bacterial agent.
NORITATE is an emollient cream; each gram contains 10 mg micronized metronidazole USP, in a base of purified water USP, stearic acid NF, glyceryl monostearate NF, glycerin USP, methylparaben NF, trolamine NF and propylparaben NF.
Pharmacokinetics:
When
one gram dose of NORITATE cream,
1%, was applied in a single application to the face of 16 healthy
volunteers, low concentrations of metronidazole were detected in the
plasma of 7 of the volunteers. The mean ± SD Cmax
of metronidazole was 27.6 ± 7.3 ng/mL, which is
about 1% of the value reported for a single 250 mg oral dose of
metronidazole. The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax)
in the volunteers with detectable metronidazole was 8-12 hoursafter
topical application.
Pharmacodynamics:
The mechanisms by which metronidazole acts in reducing inflammatory lesions of rosacea are unknown.
Clinical Studies:
Safety and efficacy of NORITATE were evaluated in two randomized vehicle-controlled clinical studies for the treatment of rosacea, which excluded patients who had nodules, moderate or severe rhinophyma, dense telangiectases, plaque-like facial edema or ocular involvement and those who had a history of not responding to metronidazole therapy for rosacea. Of the patients
included in the efficacy database (n=416), there were 142 men and 274 women. Endpoint efficacy data comparisons for patients treated with daily NORITATE or vehicle applications are listed below.
| Nori | tate | Vehi | cle | |||||
| Study | 1 | Study | 2 | Study | 1 | Study | 2 | |
| N |
Result |
N |
Result |
N |
Result |
N |
Result |
|
|
Papules + Pustules Count |
||||||||
| Baseline |
89 |
15 |
92 |
19 |
50 |
18 |
49 |
17 |
| Week-10 |
80 |
7* |
82 |
8 |
45 |
15 |
41 |
12 |
| Reduction |
49%* |
58%* |
17% |
30% |
||||
|
Papules Count |
||||||||
| Baseline |
89 |
13 |
92 |
17 |
50 |
15 |
49 |
15 |
| Week-10 |
80 |
7* |
82 |
7 |
45 |
12 |
41 |
11 |
| Reduction |
41%* |
55%* |
14% |
28% |
||||
|
Erythema Score |
||||||||
| Baseline |
89 |
2.2 |
92 |
2.3 |
50 |
2.2 |
49 |
2.2 |
| Week-10 |
80 |
1.3* |
82 |
1.4* |
45 |
1.7 |
40 |
1.8 |
| Reduction |
42%* |
40%* |
25% |
19% |
NORITATE is indicated for the topical treatment of inflammatory lesions and erythema of rosacea.
NORITATE is contraindicated in those patients with a history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole or to any other ingredient in this formulation.
General:
If a reaction suggesting local skin irritation occurs, patients should be directed to discontinue use of the medication. Conjunctivitis associated with topical use of metronidazole on the face has been reported. Contact with the eyes should be avoided. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole and should be used with care in patients with evidence of, or history of, blood dyscrasia.
Information for Patients:
Patients using NORITATE should receive the following information and instructions:
1. This medication is to be used as directed.
2. It is for external use only.
3. Avoid contact with the eyes.
4. Cleanse affected area(s) before applying NORITATE.
5. This medication should not be used for any disorder other than that for which it is prescribed.
6. Patients should report any adverse reaction to their physician.
Drug Interactions:
Oral metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of coumarin and warfarin resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. Drug interactions should be kept in mind when NORITATE is prescribed for patients who are receiving anticoagulant treatment, although they are less likely to occur with topical metronidazole administration because of low absorption. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics section)
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility:
Metronidazole has shown evidence of carcinogenic activity in a number of studies involving chronic, oral administration in mice and rats but not in studies involving hamsters. In several long term studies in mice, oral doses of approximately 225 mg/m2/day or greater (approximately 37 times the human topical dose on a mg/m2 basis) were associated with an increase in pulmonary tumors and lymphomas. Several long term oral studies in the rat have shown statistically significant increases in mammary and hepatic tumors at doses >885 mg/m2/day (144 times the topical human dose).
Metronidazole has shown evidence of mutagenic activity in several in vitro bacterial assay systems. In addition, a dose-related increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in mice after intraperitoneal injections. An increase in chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes was reported in patients with Crohn’s disease who were treated with 200 to 1200 mg/day of metronidazole for 1 to 24 months. However, in another study, no increase in chromosomal aberrations in circulating lymphocytes was observed in patients with Crohn’s disease treated with the drug for 8 months.
In
one published study, using albino hairless mice, intraperitoneal
administration of metronidazole at a dose of 45 mg/m2/day
(approximately 7 times the human topical dose on a mg/m2
basis) was associated with an increase in ultraviolet
radiationinduced skin carcinogenesis. Neither dermal carcinogenicity
nor photocarcinogenicity studies have been performed with NORITATE
or any marketed metronidazole
formulations.
Pregnancy:
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well controlled studies with the use of NORITATE in pregnant women. Metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation rapidly. No fetotoxicity was observed after oral administration of metronidazole to rats or mice at 200 and 20 times, respectively, the expected clinical dose. However, oral metronidazole has shown carcinogenic activity in rodents. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, NORITATE should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers:
After oral administration, metronidazole is secreted in breast milk in concentrations similar to those found in the plasma. Even though blood levels taken after topical metronidazole application are significantly lower than those achieved after oral metronidazole, a decision should be made whether to discontinue the mother and the risk to the infant.
Pediatric Use:
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Safety data from 302 patients who used NORITATE (n=200) or vehicle control (n=102) once daily in clinical trials and experienced an adverse event considered to be treatment-related include: application site reaction (NORITATE 1, vehicle 1), condition aggravated (NORITATE 1, vehicle 0), paresthesia (NORITATE 0, vehicle 1), acne (NORITATE 1, vehicle 0), dry skin (NORITATE 0, vehicle 2). The majority of adverse reactions were mild to moderate in severity.
Two patients treated with NORITATE once daily discontinued treatment because of adverse events: one for a severe flare of comedonal acne and one for rosacea aggravated.
Additional clinical adverse effects reported spontaneously since the drug was marketed are uncommon and include tingling or numbness of extremities, allergic reactions, skin and eye irritation, rash, headache, nausea and dry mouth.
Areas to be treated should be cleansed before application of NORITATE. Apply and rub in a thin film of NORITATE once daily to entire affected area(s). Patients may use cosmetics after application of NORITATE.
Cream - 60 gram aluminum tube NDC 54868-4449-1.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Storage Conditions: Store at controlled room temperature: 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).
Rx Only
Dermik Laboratories
a business of sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
Bridgewater, NJ 08807
Revised December 2006
© 2006 sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC
Relabeling of "Additional" label by:
Physicians Total Care, Inc.
Tulsa, OK 74146
|
NORITATE
metronidazole cream | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
|
| Labeler - Physicians Total Care, Inc. (194123980) |
| Establishment | |||
| Name | Address | ID/FEI | Business Operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physicians Total Care, Inc. | 194123980 | relabel |


The following tables list the members exposed by the HelpController type.
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Api(string) | ||
| BeginExecute(RequestContext, AsyncCallback, Object) | Begins execution of the specified request context (inherited from Controller). | |
| BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback, Object) | Begins to invoke the action in the current controller context. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Content(String, String) | Creates a content result object by using a string and the content type. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Content(String) | Creates a content result object by using a string. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Content(String, String, Encoding) | Creates a content result object by using a string, the content type, and content encoding. (inherited from Controller). | |
| CreateActionInvoker | Creates an action invoker. (inherited from Controller). | |
| CreateTempDataProvider | Creates a temporary data provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Dispose | Releases all resources that are used by the current instance of the Controller class. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Dispose(Boolean) | Releases unmanaged resources and optionally releases managed resources. (inherited from Controller). | |
| EndExecute(IAsyncResult) | Ends the invocation of the action in the current controller context. (inherited from Controller). | |
| EndExecuteCore(IAsyncResult) | Ends the execute core. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Equals(Object) | Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object. (inherited from Object). | |
| Execute(RequestContext) | Executes the specified request context. (inherited from ControllerBase). | |
| ExecuteCore | Invokes the action in the current controller context. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(String, String) | Creates a FilePathResult object by using the file name and the content type. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(Stream, String, String) | Creates a FileStreamResult object using the Stream object, the content type, and the target file name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(Stream, String) | Creates a FileStreamResult object by using the Stream object and content type. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(Byte[], String) | Creates a FileContentResult object by using the file contents and file type. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(Byte[], String, String) | Creates a FileContentResult object by using the file contents, content type, and the destination file name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| File(String, String, String) | Creates a FilePathResult object by using the file name, the content type, and the file download name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Finalize | Allows an object to try to free resources and perform other cleanup operations before it is reclaimed by garbage collection. (inherited from Object). | |
| GetHashCode | Serves as the default hash function. (inherited from Object). | |
| GetType | Gets the Type of the current instance. (inherited from Object). | |
| HandleUnknownAction(String) | Called when a request matches this controller, but no method with the specified action name is found in the controller. (inherited from Controller). | |
| HttpNotFound | Returns an instance of the HttpNotFoundResult class. (inherited from Controller). | |
| HttpNotFound(String) | Returns an instance of the HttpNotFoundResult class. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Index() | ||
| Initialize(RequestContext) | Initializes data that might not be available when the constructor is called. (inherited from Controller). | |
| JavaScript(String) | Creates a JavaScriptResult object. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object, String, JsonRequestBehavior) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format using the specified content type and JSON request behavior. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object, JsonRequestBehavior) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format using the specified JSON request behavior. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object, String, Encoding) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object, String) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). (inherited from Controller). | |
| Json(Object, String, Encoding, JsonRequestBehavior) | Creates a JsonResult object that serializes the specified object to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format using the content type, content encoding, and the JSON request behavior. (inherited from Controller). | |
| MemberwiseClone | Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. (inherited from Object). | |
| OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext) | Called after the action method is invoked. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext) | Called before the action method is invoked. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnAuthentication(AuthenticationContext) | Called when authorization occurs. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnAuthenticationChallenge(AuthenticationChallengeContext) | Called when authorization challenge occurs. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext) | Called when authorization occurs. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnException(ExceptionContext) | Called when an unhandled exception occurs in the action. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext) | Called after the action result that is returned by an action method is executed. (inherited from Controller). | |
| OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext) | Called before the action result that is returned by an action method is executed. (inherited from Controller). | |
| PartialView(Object) | Creates a PartialViewResult object that renders a partial view, by using the specified model. (inherited from Controller). | |
| PartialView(String, Object) | Creates a PartialViewResult object that renders a partial view, by using the specified view name and model. (inherited from Controller). | |
| PartialView(String) | Creates a PartialViewResult object that renders a partial view, by using the specified view name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| PartialView | Creates a PartialViewResult object that renders a partial view. (inherited from Controller). | |
| Redirect(String) | Creates a RedirectResult object that redirects to the specified URL. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectPermanent(String) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String, String, Object) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name, controller name, and route dictionary. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String, String) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name and controller name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String, RouteValueDictionary) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name and route dictionary. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String, Object) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToAction(String, String, RouteValueDictionary) | Redirects to the specified action using the action name, controller name, and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String, String) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name, and controller name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String, RouteValueDictionary) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name, and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String, Object) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name, and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String, String, Object) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name, controller name, and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToActionPermanent(String, String, RouteValueDictionary) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified action name, controller name, and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoute(String, Object) | Redirects to the specified route using the route name and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoute(String) | Redirects to the specified route using the route name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoute(RouteValueDictionary) | Redirects to the specified route using the route dictionary. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoute(Object) | Redirects to the specified route using the specified route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoute(String, RouteValueDictionary) | Redirects to the specified route using the route name and route dictionary. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoutePermanent(String, Object) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified route name and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoutePermanent(String) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified route name. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoutePermanent(RouteValueDictionary) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoutePermanent(Object) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| RedirectToRoutePermanent(String, RouteValueDictionary) | Returns an instance of the RedirectResult class with the Permanent property set to true using the specified route name and route values. (inherited from Controller). | |
| ResourceModel(string) | ||
| ToString | Returns a string that represents the current object. (inherited from Object). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider, a prefix, and included properties. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider and included properties. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider and a prefix. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, a list of properties to exclude , and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, and included properties. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryUpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider, a prefix, a list of properties to exclude, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryValidateModel(Object) | Validates the specified model instance. (inherited from Controller). | |
| TryValidateModel(Object, String) | Validates the specified model instance using an HTML prefix. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider, a prefix, a list of properties to exclude, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider, a prefix, and included properties. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String[]) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller object's current value provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider and a prefix. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| UpdateModel<TModel>(TModel, String, String[], String[], IValueProvider) | Updates the specified model instance using values from the value provider, a prefix, a list of properties to exclude, and a list of properties to include. (inherited from Controller). | |
| ValidateModel(Object) | Validates the specified model instance. (inherited from Controller). | |
| ValidateModel(Object, String) | Validates the specified model instance using an HTML prefix. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(IView) | Creates a ViewResult object that renders the specified IView object. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(String, String, Object) | Creates a ViewResult object using the view name, master-page name, and model that renders a view. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(String, String) | Creates a ViewResult object using the view name and master-page name that renders a view to the response. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(String) | Creates a ViewResult object by using the view name that renders a view. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(Object) | Creates a ViewResult object by using the model that renders a view to the response. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View | Creates a ViewResult object that renders a view to the response. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(String, Object) | Creates a ViewResult object that renders the specified IView object. (inherited from Controller). | |
| View(IView, Object) | Creates a ViewResult object that renders the specified IView object. (inherited from Controller). |


Continuing from the previous post on Scala’s Cake Pattern, here is a quick explaination of the Magnet pattern.
Magnet Pattern
You are probably familiar with method overloading (ie. multiple method with the same name, but different parameter). This is very popular in Java, but is still not available in some modern languages like GoLang because designer to argue it clutters up the language.
What do you do if you want a method that do different things with different parameter without overloading method? Simple answer is to pass in a single ‘object’ that encapsulate all the parameters and optional stuff you want. This is the Magnet pattern in a nutshell.
The Implicit Magnet
One of the nice features of Scala is ‘implicit’ method. Here you can define a method with ‘implicit’ tag, and when you didn’t call a method with the exact signature, the compiler will auto-magically find the best matching method to use to fill in the missing gap (implicitly).
Scala Magnet Pattern Example
(github)
Here is a little demo program to show this Magnet pattern.
Notice how MyMagnet is declared – I did not provide any ‘String’ or ‘Int’ type constructor. Scala is smart enough to find the matching implicit method for ‘String’ and ‘Int’ in my object and still construct it properly.
package com.example
object MyMagnetChecker extends App {
trait MyMagnet { // should probably be sealed
type Result
def getRes: Result
def apply(): Result
}
object MyMagnet {
implicit def convertFromInt(myVal: Int) = new MyMagnet {
override type Result = Int
override def apply(): Result = myVal
override def getRes: Result = myVal
}
implicit def convertFromString(myVal: String) = new MyMagnet {
override type Result = String
override def apply(): Result = "Type is a String: " + myVal
override def getRes: Result = "String type: " + myVal
}
implicit def convertFromTwoString(myTuple: (String, String)) = new MyMagnet {
override type Result = String
override def apply(): Result = "Type is a String type 2: " + myTuple._1 + ", " + myTuple._2
override def getRes: Result = "String2 type: " + myTuple._1 + ", " + myTuple._2
}
}
def findStickyType(mag: MyMagnet): Unit = {
println("Finding magnet of some type... " + mag.getRes)
}
findStickyType("abc"); // create 'MyMagnet' with String constructor
findStickyType(123); // create 'MyMagnet' with Int constructor
findStickyType("xyz","ijk"); // create 'MyMagnet' with (String, String) tuple constructor
// Magnet pattern = Instead of method overloading, we use one big pojo with variable amount of fields.
// Then instead of messy if/else checks on each field of the big pojo to run different init, we use 'implicit' method feature of Scala.
}


Gokhan Baris Aker
Front-end ninja
Featured work
Dummy
Dummy
Dummy
Dummy
Dummy
Dummy
Launch demo modal
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Modal title
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Favorite App Page
This was my first project in this class. I learned a lot about HTML and CSS.


--- layout: default title: Storm Creative Digital Media Team --- {% include JB/setup %}
Welcome to the Digital team lab. Here you will find example code snippets from practices and projects that we have worked on.


Our mission is to organise the world's informaton and make it universally accessible and usefull.... Readmore |
Amazon is guided by four principles: customer obsession rather than competitor focus, passion for invention.... Readmore |
We are Dell Technologies,a collective force committed to advencement to human progress.... Readmore |
|---|---|---|
Shell is an international energy company with expertise in the exploration, production, refining and marketing.... Readmore |
In India, Bosch is a leading supplier of technology and services in the areas of Mobility Solutions.... Readmore |
BYJU'S is India's largest education company and the creator of the most loved K12 learning app.... Readmore |


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The ‘Downton Abbey’ Producer Is Trying To Make A Second Movie Happen & Oh, Bless Him
by By Steffanie TanWe’re one (sort of) step closer to a Downton Abbey movie sequel, something we don’t really need but HELL, why not?  And according to the latest morsel of gold, the blessed minds behind the series are genuinely trying to make a sequel happen.
Months earlier, when the movie had just hit screens, series creator Julian Fellowes said he would only make up his mind about a sequel after he saw the response to it.
 “I think you can get a sense of whether it worked or not. And if we do get that sense, then we will have that conversation.”
WELL, turns out the team started “vaguely” thinking about it before the release of the movie.
Producer Gareth Neame said the reaction to the movie, the press tour in the United States of A, and the buildup to its release were “so strong that we’d been thinking about it.”
“And then it was clear from the first weekend that this was worth taking very seriously,” he told THR.
Nothing’s set in stone though. The team first have to put together a story… then there’s the question of the cast.
“The challenge will be, is everyone available at the same time? Can we make deals with them? That will be the challenge.”
 The cast seem to genuinely love being part of that world.
(I’ve said it once and I’ll say it again – just bring back the goddamn series already)
This is the part where I say “Downton Abbey is on Netflix” but they GOT RID OF IT. Wait never mind, all six seasons are available on Amazon Prime Video.
“Downton Abbey is available for your viewing pleasure on Amazon Prime Video now.”


Alohomora
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| Version | {{info.version}} |
| Protocol version | {{info.protocolversion}} |
| Blocks | {{info.blocks}} |
| Time Offset | {{info.timestamping.ntpoffset}} |
| Connections | {{info.connections}} |
| POS Difficulty | {{info.difficulty.proofofstake}} |
| Testnet | {{info.testnet}} |


Reinforcement Learning 2D Humanoid Walkers
"Play that funky music, robot"
This project take a teach a 2d ragdoll to walk(ish) using reinforcement learning.
You can view the progress at differen't stages of training with the buttons below. You can also throw balls by clicking the animation.
The agent can move it's limbs in a realistic range of motion, it can feel the position of it's limbs and it's goal it to hold it's head upright and move to the right.
The dark outlines are when the agent grips the floor, since I found walking was slippery otherwise. The balls are to provide obstacles.
How does it work?: This uses use reinforcement learning to teach the agent to walk. This is a branch of machine learning targeted at controlling systems over time such as systems of limbs or a self driving car. The agent is defined in 2d with a certain strength and range of limb movement. Training is done offline in tensorflow.js. The aglorithm is Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients with prioritized experince replay. The environment is in box2d for javascript and we use webpack to run the same code on the backend and frontend.
Credits:
- Reward: The agent is rewarded for moving to the right, keeping it's head above it's legs, conversing energy, not bending it's limbs too much, and not touching to many limbs to the ground
- Actions: The agent can power motors that rotate each limb within a certain range of motion
- State: The agent can "see" most things about itself: each limb's relative position, global position, rotation, linear velocity, angular velocity, and orientation. Also each joints angle, speed, and motor speed
How does it work?: This uses use reinforcement learning to teach the agent to walk. This is a branch of machine learning targeted at controlling systems over time such as systems of limbs or a self driving car. The agent is defined in 2d with a certain strength and range of limb movement. Training is done offline in tensorflow.js. The aglorithm is Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients with prioritized experince replay. The environment is in box2d for javascript and we use webpack to run the same code on the backend and frontend.
Credits:
- Made by wassname for thinkcds.com
- The walker code is adapted from rednuht.org/genetic_walkers/,
- the DDPG code was adapted from github.com/thibo73800/metacar.


Derek Eder
@derekeder
Lots of info on the flooding in the Philippines http://bit.ly/1149lY
9/28/2009, 12:04:38 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link← @derekeder Twitter archive
Derek Eder
@derekeder
Lots of info on the flooding in the Philippines http://bit.ly/1149lY
9/28/2009, 12:04:38 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


In a lot of Objective-C code (and also some C), I have come across the misconception that ()
means “no parameters”. For example, I see code like:
void thisCFunctionTakesNoParameters() {
puts("Hello, world!");
}
typedef void (^plainCallback_t)();
In fact just after block support was added, while still struggling with the syntax I discovered that the following compiled:
- (void)someMethod {
NSString *(^iAmClever)() = ^(NSString *foo, NSString *bar) {
return [foo stringByAppendingString:bar];
};
NSLog(@"joined: %@", iAmClever(@"John ", @"Doe"));
}
“Wow,” I thought, “I can shorten my syntax because it must infer the parameter types!” So I used this merrily, but then stuff went wrong and I learned the truth.
Reality
Using ()
in a function type declaration means unspecified parameters.
This is a very old feature of C that has been maintained for backward compatibility. In fact, it was noted as an “obsolescent feature” in C89 — yes, that’s 1989!1
The use of function declarators with empty parentheses (not prototype-format parameter type declarators) is an obsolescent feature”.
Arguments passed to a function (or block) declared with ()
will use “default argument promotions”, which means they will not be the type declared by the block:
int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
void (^block)() = ^(NSInteger arg) {
NSLog(@"arg = %ld", arg);
};
block(42); // arg = 42
block(-1); // arg =<PHONE_NUMBER>
block((NSInteger)-1); // arg = -1
CGRect frame = CGRectMake(10, 10, 50, 50);
block(frame.origin.x); // arg =<PHONE_NUMBER>
block(@"fifteen"); // arg =<PHONE_NUMBER>
block(); // arg =<PHONE_NUMBER>
block("somewhere", "over", "the", "rainbow"); // arg =<PHONE_NUMBER>
return 0;
}
The above compiles with no warnings whatsoever, even with -Weverything
.
The warning that should catch this is -Wstrict-prototypes
, but this doesn’t seem functional in clang (it’s documented for GCC).
Because this warning is apparently unimplemented, huge amounts of otherwise high quality code has these turds lurking in both public API and implementation:
- ReactiveCocoa (e.g.
-[RACStream reduceEach:(id (^)())reduceBlock]
) - Mixpanel (e.g.
-[Mixpanel flushWithCompletion:(void (^)())handler]
) - Facebook FBSDKCoreKit (implementation only)
- AFNetworking (implementation only)
Even UIKit made this mistake!
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSString *)identifier
completionHandler:(void (^)())completionHandler
The completionHandler
block has since been marked (void)
in the current online documentation, but the headers in the iOS 9.0 SDK still show it as ()
.
Let’s fix this!
I have filed Radar 23116994 (view 23116994 on Open Radar). LLVM bug 20796 has been open since August 2014 but hadn’t moved. I’ve just commented on it, and have begun submitting pull requests to projects when I come across it (e.g. facebook-ios-sdk).
You can start by searching your own code for )()
and () {
— not all results will be cases, and not all cases will be found by this but it’s a starting point.
-
From the C89 standard: “3.9.4 Function declarators: ↩


While they may not have quite the same punch as Dolby SurroundSound, these sound clips will provide you with minutes of fun!
| Bugs explains the situation .aiff or .wav (167K) |
||
| "What are you lookin' at?" .aiff or .wav (40K) |
||
| "Correction! We're Looney Tunes!..." .aiff or .wav (67K) |
||
| "We need your HEEEEELP!" .aiff or .wav (30K) |
||
| "Smile, okay?" .aiff or .wav (13K) |


Quote machine
Inspirational quotes
Try to be a rainbow in someone’s cloud.
~ Maya Angelou
Get new quote
Tweet this!


The Go Ahead Boys and the Racing Motor-Boat
by Ross Kay
Chapter 24
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1916
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: United States of America
-
Source:
Kay, Ross. (1916).
. New York: Goldsmith.
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 5.2
- Word Count: 2,064
- Genre: Adventure
- Keywords: life experiences
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
When the Go Ahead boys drew near the dock they separated, George and Grant moving to one side of the boat-house while John and Fred approached from the opposite side. There were two large doors in the front of the boat-house, both of which now were closed. The upper part of each, however, was of glass and was so made that the boys were able to stand on the dock and by leaning forward could peer into the building.
“He’s there,” whispered George excitedly, after he had looked within. Quickly withdrawing, Grant took his place and silently peered into the slip. At the same time John and Fred were making their investigations on the opposite side of the slip, although Fred was having his difficulties because he was not tall enough to enable him to look through the glass.
The man whom George had discovered apparently had not moved from the place in which he had first been seen. Perhaps he too was listening and was fearful of an attack.
Their excitement now greatly intensified, George beckoned for John and Fred to come to the place where he and Grant were standing on the dock.
“He’s there,” whispered Fred.
“I told you he was,” whispered George in reply. “Now the question is how shall we get him?”
“How did he get in?” inquired Grant.
“I don’t know,” replied George, shaking his head. “There isn’t any window open and the doors are locked.”
“He must have dived under the door and come up that way,” suggested John.
“This isn’t any time to be discussing how he got there,” remarked George. “The thing for us to do is to find out how we are going to get him out or get him. Let’s go around to the window on the river side.”
In response to the suggestion the boys stealthily crept along the dock and then one after another cautiously peered through the window. Not one of them stood in full view of the man within, for they were aware of the peril that might follow such an action.
“He’s still there,” whispered Fred, “and I don’t believe he has moved once since we came back.”
“He’s scared,” suggested John. “He doesn’t know which way to turn.”
The suggestion that the intruder might be alarmed was new to the Go Ahead boys and did much to revive their courage.
John and George each had secured a bat when they had left the house. And now they were prepared to defend the motor-boat and themselves also if the need arose.
“Knock on the window,” suggested Grant. “Let the fellow know we’re here.”
“He may get away,” warned George, who still was the most excited of all.
“If he tries to, we’ll get him then anyway,” said Grant. “Go around and look on the other side of the boat-house,” he directed Fred and John. “We’ll wait here. I’ll rap on the window and we’ll see what he does.”
Grant waited until sufficient time had elapsed to enable his friends to take their position in front of the entrance on the opposite side and then rapped lightly upon the window. No response was made to his summons.
“He couldn’t hear you,” whispered George. “You’ll have to make more noise than that.”
Again Grant rapped upon the glass, pounding on the window sash also in his efforts to arouse the attention of the man within.
All four boys now were keenly excited and all were eager to discover what the intruder would do, now that his presence had been discovered.
To their surprise the man did not respond to the summons. Even his position was unchanged and in the dim light the boys were unable to decide whether or not he had even glanced in the direction from which the hail had come.
“There’s only one thing we can do,” said George.
“What’s that?” demanded Grant.
“Go around to the other side and tell Fred we’ve got to have the door unlocked. Then we’ll make a rush on the fellow before he knows that we are after him.”
The suggestion was quickly followed and soon the four boys were standing together in front of the side-door which opened upon the dock.
“Now, then,” said Fred, who insisted upon retaining his key, “when I unlock the door all four of us must make a rush together.”
“That’s right,” whispered George as he grasped more tightly the bat which he was holding in his hand.
“Let String and George go ahead. They are the best armed,” said Grant.
For some reason Grant was less excited than his companions, a fact which escaped the attention of the boys at that time.
“All ready!” whispered Fred. Quickly turning the key he opened the door and together the four boys darted into the boat-house.
Although the moon was shining, the interior of the room was somewhat darker than it had been on the dock. The boys, however, were able to see clearly the man who was still standing near the Black Growler. Not even when they rushed upon him did he turn his face toward them.
In their eagerness to secure him all four did their utmost to leap upon him at the same time.
A most amazing result, however, followed their desperate attempt. Despite his efforts to save himself, Fred, who pluckily was in advance, was pushed over the edge of the slip and with a loud splash fell into the river. Before he could check himself John followed his example. A yell came from Fred when he arose to the surface because at that moment the intruder, whom they had discovered in the boat-house, also followed the example set by the boys.
Meanwhile George and Grant had broken into loud laughter. George was bowed and slapping his sides as he moved about the room. Grant was laughing almost as loudly as his companion, although he did not move from the place where he was standing.
“Give us a hand,” called Fred. “I can’t see the ladder.”
“It’s right in front of you,” suggested George, advancing to the edge and looking down into the water which was only about four feet below him. “There it is. Follow the sound of my voice.”
“I don’t see what there is so funny about all this,” sputtered Fred as he climbed to the floor.
“Funny!” exclaimed Grant. “It beats anything I ever experienced.”
“What’s the trouble?” demanded John, who now also had climbed out of the water. His elongated form only partly clothed, his garments dripping and clinging to his slim body, increased the weirdness of his appearance.
“I think the joke’s on George more than even it is on Peewee and String,” laughed Grant.
At this moment Sam, who had been asleep in his room appeared, rubbing his eyes and gazing in surprise at the boys. “What’s wrong?” he demanded gruffly.
“Nothing,” said George, beginning to laugh again.
“It seems to me you make lots of fuss when nothin’ is the matter. What are you all down here for anyway?”
“Why, George got us down here to help him get a man who was in the boat-house.”
“Huh, what’s that you say?”
“Why, George discovered somebody in the boat-house and he routed us all out to help him get him.”
“Did you get him?” inquired Sam.
“We got all there was to get,” laughed Grant.
“What do you mean?” demanded Sam, looking around the room and for the first time suspecting what had taken place.
“Why, we mean that you had that wax figure of yours down here and we all thought it was a man.”
“I don’t blame you,” said Sam solemnly. “That’s one of the best wax dummies I ever made.”
“But why did you leave it where you did?” inquired George.
“Why, I figured it out this way,” said Sam slowly. “If a scarecrow will keep crows out of a cornfield, why couldn’t I rig up something to scare off anybody that wanted to damage the Black Growler?”
“That’s good sense,” said Grant soberly.
“Of course it is sense,” declared Sam. “I put the dummy down there so that if anybody looked into the boat-house he would see it and he would think somebody was on guard.”
“That’s right,” said Fred. “We had two dummies on guard to-night. One inside the boat-house and one outside.”
“That may be all true,” spoke up George, “but there was only one of them that followed you into the river.”
“You would feel better if you had,” declared Fred. “Now, then, I don’t see that there’s anything more for us to do except to go back to bed.”
“But where’s my dummy?” demanded Sam.
“That’s right,” said Fred. “We never fished it out of the river. I guess you’ll find it all right, Sam, somewhere in the slip.”
In a brief time Sam’s possession was rescued from its place of peril, but the boatman’s lamentations were the last words the boys heard when they departed.
“Color’s all washed out. It doesn’t look more than half human,” Sam was declaring as he stood in the moonlight examining the dummy which he had fashioned after his arrival at the boat-house. “Sam has an extra assortment of legs and arms in his room,” exclaimed Grant, as the boys entered the house. “He seems possessed to have them around him.”
“Perhaps they will come in handy some day,” laughed George.
“I don’t know how.”
On the following morning, however, when the Black Growler was withdrawn from the slip and once more was sent over a part of the course there was a goodly supply of Sam’s legs and arms on board. Just why he had insisted upon taking them, he did not explain. So human were the pieces in their appearance that a stranger might have been startled when he first saw the heap.
As usual the Varmint II was speedily trailing the Black Growler. Indeed it was not long before the two boats were moving side by side, only a few feet intervening.
 “We’ll see if we can’t lighten up a bit right now.”
As soon as he had spoken, taking one of the artificial legs from the pile he flung it far behind the swiftly moving motor-boat.
Instantly the men on the Varmint II rushed to the stern of their boat and in astonishment were all looking at the leg which now could be seen floating on the surface of the river.


The blind Jack Russell and other dogs in desperate need of a new home - can you help?
Raven's Rescue is looking for new homes for Bruno and his four-legged pals Bean, Logan, Rai and Imani
by Kelly Ashmore, https://www.facebook.com/dudleybclive/Bruno is a blind Jack Russell in urgent need of a loving home.
The 12-year-old pooch is just one of the many unwanted hounds saved by Raven’s Rescue, a Dudley-based charity set up in 2012 to provide sanctuary to abandoned and abused animals.
Unlike some rescues, it doesn’t use kennels, preferring to place dogs into foster homes until they land on their paws and find a forever home.
And the charity is desperate to find the 'pawfect' place for Bruno to spend his later years.
Bruno doesn't let his poor eyesight get him down and he is described as “a happy chap” who loves to be around people.
He can see slightly, so is able to negotiate his way around the house without bumping into things.
And although he gets on well with other dogs, he does require a quiet home - could you help?
The charity is also looking for new family's for Bruno's four-legged friends Bean, Logan, Rai and Imani.
All of the animals in the charity's care receive appropriate medical attention and are vaccinated, micro-chipped, neutered, behaviourally assessed and treated for parasites before re-homing.
Home-checks and adoption fees apply.
If you think you could give one of these pooches a home, call Sarah on 07922 204 531, Ryan on 07766 466 761 or visit ravensrescueuk.weebly.com.
Bean
Bean is a two-year-old Mastiff who absolutely loves people and cuddles.
Due to her size, she'd need to be the only dog in a household with no young children.
She's described as a "super-friendly girl" who loves getting lots of exercise - as can be seen in the video above.
Logan
Logan is a very nervous boy who needs someone he can learn to trust and love.
The 10-year-old is in desperate need of an extremely patient owner who will let him come to them in his own time.
He is describe as “very sweet” and is good with dogs and cats, however because of his nervous nature, he cannot be rehomed with children.
Rai
Rai is a one-year-old Staffordshire bull terrier cross.
The youngster loves nothing more than long walks followed by plenty of cuddles.
She’s extremely friendly and loves everyone she meets.
However Rai needs to be in a home where she is the only pet and there are no young children.
Imani
Stunning Imani is now ready to put her paws up in her forever home.
The German Shepherd needs to be the only pet in an adult-only household, with someone who has experience with the breed.
She’s initially shy and nervous when she meets new people but after a few treats she’s your best friend.
Imani will make the perfect companion for an active person who enjoys walks.
She’s approximately two-years-old.
Animal lovers living in and around Dudley are also urged to get in touch with Raven's Rescue if they would consider fostering a dog or cat while they wait for their forever homes.
The charity will supply everything you need to make the four-legged friend at home, cover all vet bills and provide support 24/7 for the duration of their stay.
Anyone who isn't in a position to take in a dog but would like to help the charity financially can do so by clicking here.
Alternatively, pop into one of the Raven's Rescue charity shops in Dudley Street, Sedgley, or Market Street, Kingswinford, and hunt for a bargain.


The Exception Translator extension modifies the exception message.
Given the system property concordion.extensions
is set to spec.concordion.ext.translator.FrenchTranslatorExtensionFactory
.
When running a fixture that throws an exception with the message Unable to connect to http://localhost:9080, when the following command is executed
<p concordion:execute="makeConnection()">Connectez moi</p>
, the output displays the exception message:
Impossible de se connecter à http://localhost:9080
, and the stack trace retains the original exception message:
RuntimeException: Unable to connect to http://localhost:9080


Before Change
adapter = input_adapter.TimeseriesInputAdapter(
lookback=2, column_names=utils.LESS_COLUMN_NAMES_FROM_CSV
)
adapter.transform(x)
assert "Expect column_names to have length" in str(info.value)
def test_time_series_input_name_type_mismatch():
After Change
adapter = input_adapter.TimeseriesInputAdapter(
lookback=2, column_names=utils.COLUMN_NAMES[:-2]
)
adapter.transform(pd.read_csv(utils.TRAIN_CSV_PATH))
assert "Expect column_names to have length" in str(info.value)
def test_time_series_input_name_type_mismatch():


See github.com/talkr-app/talkr-apng.
Choose APNG file Force load as talkr file
Note: A sample talkr file is provided with this index.html file
Animation on canvas
APNG info:
Frames


Browser interface
Brython-specific built-in modules
Working with Brython
Brython for Firefox OS
Cookbook
|
Frequently asked questions
Q : what is the performance of Brython compared to Javascript, or to other solutions that allow using Python in the browser ?
A : compared to Javascript, the ratio is naturally very different from one program to another. A Javascript console is provided in the distribution or on the Brython site, it can be used to measure the execution time of a Javascript program compared to its equivalent in Python in the editor (unchecking the "debug" box)
The diffence is due to two factors :
- the time to translate Python into Javascript, on the fly in the browser. To give an idea, the module datetime (2130 lines of Python code) is parsed and converted to Javascript in 0,5 second on an ordinary PC
- JavaScript code generated by Brython must be compliant with the specifications of Python, including the dynamic nature of the search attributes, which leads to unoptimized Javascript code
some fanciful comparisons mention a ratio of 1 to 7500 against Brython : no information is given, but it's obvious that they don't compare similar situations ; in the same conditions (running a script in a web browser) it's hard to imagine how to be faster than native Javascript...
Compared to other solutions that translate Python to Javascript, a benchmark is available on Pierre Quentel's blog (he is the creator and main developer of Brython). It compares Brython, Skulpt and pypy.js. One must be careful with this kind of benchmark between implementation, but with the features tested, Brython is generally faster than pypy.js, itself faster than Skulpt. In some cases, Brython is faster than Python reference implementation, CPython.
Q : I see a lot of 404 errors in the browser console when I run Brython scripts, why is that ?
A : this is because of the way Brython implements the "import" mechanism. When a script has to import module X, Brython searches for a file or a package in different directories : the standard library (directory libs for Javascript modules, Lib for Python modules), the directory Lib/site-packages, the directory of current page. For that, Ajax calls are sent to the matching urls ; if the file is not found, the 404 error message is written in the browser console, but the error is caught by Brython which goes on searching until it finds the module, or raises ImportError if all paths have been tried with no result
Q : why use the operator <= to build the tree of DOM elements ? This is not pythonic !
A : Python has no built-in structure to manipulate trees, ie to add "child" or "sibling" nodes to a tree node. For these operations, functions can be used ; the syntax proposed by Brython is to use operators : this is easier to type (no parenthesis) and more readable
To add a sibling node, the operator + is used
To add a child, the operator <= was chosen for these reasons :
- it has the shape of a left arrow ; note that Python function annotations use a new operator
-> that was chosen for its arrow shape
- it looks like an augmented assignment because of the equal sign
- it can't be confused with "lesser or equal" because a line with
document <= elt would be a no-op if it was "lesser or equal", which is always used in a condition or as the return value of a function
- we are so used to interpret the 2 signs
< and = as "lesser or equal" that we forget that they are a convention for programming languages, to replace the real sign ≤
- in Python,
<= is used as an operator for sets with a different meaning than "lesser or equal"
- the sign
< is often used in computer science to mean something else than "lesser than" : in Python and many other languages, << means left shift ; in HTML tags are enclosed with < and >
- Python uses the same operator
% for very different operations : modulo and string formatting
Q : What browsers are compatible with Brython?
A : Below is a list of browsers we support:
// todo: get images from http://www.paulirish.com/2010/high-res-browser-icons/
| Chrome | FireFox | IE | Opera | Safari | Android Browser | Chrome for Android | iOS Safari | Opera Mini |
| 36+ | 31+ | 9+ | 26+ | 5.1+ | 4.1+ | 39+ | 7.1+ | 8+ |
|


Voilà! Welcome !
Oh hello there. Ready to set sail?
Things that have already been said:
{% for p in phrases %}
{{ p }}
{% endfor %}


At gitSHOCK, we believe that a happy programmer is a complacent programmer, and as such, a happy programmer produces second rate code.
You probably felt pretty good about yourself when that pull request was merged. Sadly, at some point between then and now, it was decided that your contribution actually represented a net loss for the project. In effect, you are now STEALING self-satisfaction.
We at gitSHOCK have a solution. Rather than motivating yourself by maintaining interest and investment in the success of a project, simply install gitSHOCK on your workstation!
Once installed, gitSHOCK monitors your code contributions. Every time gitSHOCK detects that your code has been removed from a project, a handy electrical jolt will be delivered through our unique gitSHOCK wristband, ensuring that you receive the feedback necessary to become a better developer.
Never write bad code again, with gitSHOCK!


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A domain error occurs when an input argument is of the right type but
there is something wrong with its value. For example, the second argument to
open/3
is supposed to be an atom that represents a valid mode for opening
a file, such as read
or write
. If a number or a compound term is given
instead, that is a type error. If an atom is given that is not a valid mode,
that is a domain error.
The main reason that we distinguish between type errors and domain errors is that they usually represent different sorts of mistakes in your program. A type error usually indicates that you have passed the wrong argument to a command, whereas a domain error usually indicates that you passed the argument you meant to check, but you hadn't checked it enough.
The SICStus_Error term associated with a domain error is
domain_error(Goal, ArgNo, DomainName, Culprit)
The arguments correspond to those of the SICStus_Error term for a type error,
except that DomainName is not in general the name of a unary
predicate: it needn't even be an atom. For example, if some command
requires an argument to be an integer in the range 1..99, it might use
between(1,99)
as the DomainName. With respect to the date_plus
example under Type Errors, if the month had been given as 13 it
would have passed the type test but would raise a domain error.
For example, the goal
open(somefile,rread,S)
raises the exception
domain_error(open(somefile,rread,_2490),2,'i/o mode',rread,'')
The Message argument is used to provide extra information about the problem.


Astname is a small script written in bash (and an other version in python3)
to get the name/provisional designation or asteroid number of
a small solar system body. Identification is based on NASA JPL/Horizons
index file, DASTCOM.IDX.
If it is not present, it will be downloaded from
ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/xfr/DASTCOM.IDX, also, if it is older than 30 days,
the index file will be re-downloded.
It was tested on Debian GNU/Linux, but it should work on other linux distributions too.
The python3 version works on Windows as well.
The script runs some tests on the input, so e.g. if it is a float number, it will exit. The input tests
are not 100% fool proof at the moment.
Dependencies:
Setting up the script is pretty simple.
The script accepts integer asteroid number(s) as argument, asteroid
name(s) or NAIFID(s), e.g.:
astname 64 16
or:
astname Angelina
or:
astname 2000016
Use double quotes if special characters are present in the
astreoid name, e.g.:
astname "Prokof'ev"
Use double quotes also, when searching for provisional designation e.g.:
astname "1976 YG"
The search is not case sensitive.
Use astname --help to print this information.
The first time you use the script you need an active internet connection to download the index file.
Later, if the index file is present, but it is older than 30 days and can't be re-downloded the old file will be used.
There is a python3.x script also, which has the same functionality, as the bash version.
Needed packages:


Copyright (c) 1964 3M Publishers
This game is played on an empty 11x6 square board with the following setup:
|
It seems to me that the original rules need some tuning (a player can force a draw by refusing to move one stone). Jumps could be mandatory (but with no need to make the longest jump) and stones could only move backwards if no other movement was available. Stalemate should be a loss.
Mark Thompson, on his webpage of Jumpin, says: Jumpin needs a slight rule tweak to take care of the possibility of a player refusing to move his last pawn out of his goal area, thereby preventing his opponent from winning. The same problem arises in Chinese Checkers, where one proposal is to require that any pawn in the home area which can jump out of the goal area over an enemy piece must do so. The rule proposed by Sid Sackson, which strikes me as more elegant, is to change the winning condition: a player wins when his enemy’s home area is fullly occupied and contains at least one of his own pieces. This rule makes the game proceed exactly as it does when both players “play fair.”
Jianying Ji proposes the addition of a swap rule optional to the jump move: A player may swap with an opponent stone adjacent to it. Note: KO rule applies, a player can't reverse a swap that was just made by the opponent.
| An example The stone at a1 can make the sequence of jumps to cell [1], then to cell[2] and finally to cell [3] |
There is a way to play a series of games: Medal play - Medal play is an extension of match play. When one player has succeeded in getting all his stones to the other side, the second player continues to place all of his stones, counting and recording the number of moves it takes him to succeed. After four games, instead of counting the number of games won, the winner is the player with the lowest score.


Because we pay a lot of attention to the robustness and reproducibility of our results, we distribute most of our research code under open source licenses. For instance, our contributions to NEMO ocean model are discussed with the NEMO System Team and distributed under the CeCILL license with NEMO releases.
Other on-going active projects include :
CDFTOOLS (since 2006) : A fortran package for diagnostics of ocean model output. On-line documentation is available. (contact : J.-M. Molines)
SESAM (since 2001) : A fortran library for sequencial data assimilation (contact : J.M. Brankart)
OOCGCM (since 2016) : Out-of-core analysis of large gridded geophysical dataset (contact : J. Le Sommer)
For more recent action, you may also visit our github organization.
Some of our past projects (that may no longer be actively supported or whose the main developpers is no longer in the group) include :
We believe that scientific software plays an essential role in transforming raw data and hypotheses into science.


PROJECTS
Resort Project
This is created from basic:
HTML Language &
CSS Language
Describe it as a Hotel website which offers services such as to lodging, dinner and adventurous tripsView Page
First web project
This is created from basic:
HTML Language &
CSS Language
Describe it as a company that creates websites for other companies.
Take a keen look on the site as it
describes itselfView Page
simple javascript game projact
This is created from basic:
HTML Language,
CSS Language &
Javascript language
Describe it as a one letter guesing game. choose any letter from a to z and
see if you can gues write
remember to erase each letter after a lose or win
View Page


By using this application PetCamera means you agreed with the terms below.
We do not collect any content you created.
We only collect the usage info of app listed below:
All the data is anonymous. We don't know who takes the action exactly.
We do not use any 3rd party service by now.


My name is Fernando Orellana, I'm a sophomore/junior in college majoring in Software Engineering. There are a lot of things I like to do besides programming! I love playing soccer/futsal, play the guitar,travel (I love to visit new places!!), and I enjoy spending time with friends and family overall 😍.
I was born in Santa Cruz, Bolivia but I currently live in Naples, Florida. I have many goals in my life that I want to accomplish. One of my main goal is to work as a Software Engineer at one of the FAANG companies (Google!). Another personal goal is to become a pro soccer player ⚽ at some point just like my uncles. These goals are not too far to achieve, but one goal I always write down is to get straight A's in all of my college courses each semester 😄.
A class project where we re-created the Snake Game using C++. The player controls the snake using the arrow keys or the “WASD” keys to move the snake up, down, left, and right. As the snake eats, it starts to grow. If the snake’s head touches its body, it will terminate the game or if it hits the one of 4 borders then the game will finish.
Participated in a Hackathon called Shellacks where my team and I created a web app using HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and SQL. The idea of the web app is to have the user check-off the COVID-19 daily symptoms questions that apply to them and then it would pinpoint the location of the user who might have the virus and if there was too many possible cases depending on the population density it will send a notification to the US Health Department.
Created a JavaFX Application that would simulate a Production Management System. It would ask for user's credentials before being able to add anything to the production database. If the user's credentials matched the user's credentials from the Employee database then it would allow the user to interact with the system.


ooooooooside 0000-00-00 and 2008-01-15 between 2007-10-08 and 9999-99-99
--- Begin Message ---
- Subject: FW: Mariposas. ES PRECIOSO.
- From: lucia serrano<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Date: Tue, 15 Apr 2008 14:11:44 -0500
- Authentication-results: mta539.mail.mud.yahoo.com from=hotmail.com; domainkeys=neutral (no sig)
- Content-length: 3739704
From<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Subject: FW: Mariposas. ES PRECIOSO.

Express yourself instantly with MSN Messenger! MSN Messenger
Connect to the next generation of MSN Messenger Get it now!Attachment: Mariposas.pps
Description: MS-Powerpoint presentation
--- End Message ---


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Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI W. P. (C) No. 4621 of 2012 --- M/s. Sri Sai Minerals, Singhbhum (West) ... ... Petitioner Versus 1. Union of India 2. The State of Jharkhand 3. The Secretary, Deptt. of Forest & Environment, Govt. of Jharkhand, Ranchi 4. The Member-Secretary, Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board, Ranchi ... ... Respondents --- CORAM : HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ALOK SINGH --- For the Petitioner : Mr. Dr. H. Waris, Advocate For the Union of India : Mr. D. K. Maltiyar, J.C. to ASG For the Respondent No. 4: Mr. Rahul Sahoo, Advocate --- 3/03.01.2013
Learned counsel appearing for the respondents submits that petitioner has efficacious remedy of statutory appeal under Section 31 of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981.
Learned counsel for the petitioner seeks permission to withdraw this petition with liberty to file appeal, however, he submits that his appeal may not be dismissed on the ground of limitation.
Petition is permitted to be withdrawn with the liberty to file appeal. If appeal is filed within 30 days from today, it shall not be dismissed on the ground of limitation and shall be decided in accordance with law.
(Alok Singh, J.) R. Shekhar Cp 2


PS2PS(1) Ghostscript Tools PS2PS(1) NAME ps2ps, eps2eps - Ghostscript PostScript "distiller" SYNOPSIS ps2ps [ options ] input.ps output.ps eps2eps [ options ] input.eps output.eps DESCRIPTION ps2ps uses gs(1) to convert PostScript(tm) file "input.ps" to simpler, normalized and (usually) faster PostScript in "output.ps". Normally the output is allowed to use PostScript Level 2 or Level 3 constructs, but the -dLanguageLevel=1 option restricts the output to Level 1. eps2eps performs the equivalent optimization for Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) files. Both accept any general Ghostscript command line options, and respec‐ tively options specific to the pswrite and epswrite devices. FILES Run "gs -h" to find the location of Ghostscript documentation on your system, from which you can get more details. BUGS The pswrite device used by both ps2ps and eps2eps produces much lower level output than is desirable. Use with caution. SEE ALSO ps2pdf(1), ps2ascii(1), ps2epsi(1) VERSION This document was last revised for Ghostscript version 9.05. AUTHOR Artifex Software, Inc. are the primary maintainers of Ghostscript. 9.05 8 February 2012 PS2PS(1)


Description
If the fifth protocol is about the analysis of the top-down vision of feminism through the speeches of its stakeholders, this protocol investigates the bottom-up perspective over the most viewed “feminist” content on youtube. The interactive scatter plot’s intent is to highlight the reactions of the most viewed videos that come up searching for “feminism” on Youtube while underlying the orientation of the content, in feminist, antifeminist or neutral. The x axis represents the number of comments, while the y axis is for the number of reactions and the dimension of the circle is proportional to the number of views.
Rolling over with the cursor the scale of the chart becomes logarithmic, making the data visualization more readable, specially where the concentration of datas overlaps. It is also important to underline that the user’s reactions aren’t always connected to the number of views, in fact the video with most replies and interaction isn’t, unexpectedly, the most viewed. It’s possible to notice how the great majority of the videos is antifeminist and that they also generates the greatest number of views, reactions and comments, while the feminist videos are fewer and with less reactions/comments. It’s very interesting how as soon as we lift the ceiling of the mainstream perspective, the prevalence of content is produced by common users and it’s antifeminist.
Protocol
To understand the user’s behaviour we decided to search for “feminism” on Youtube and filter the videos from the most to the less viewed. Then we considered the first 100 results and visualized the relationship between number of views, orientation (feminist/antifeminist) and number of comments and reactions.


Ellie Gould demanded tough laws for young killers weeks before boy, 17, murdered her
Ellie Gould, 17, wrote in an A-level assignment asking for proper punishment for kids who kill weeks before her teen ex-boyfriend Thomas Griffths stabbed her to death
by Tiffany LoA schoolgirl wrote an essay calling for tougher penalties for children who kill - just weeks before she was stabbed to death by her 17-year-old boyfriend.
Ellie Gould, 17, was murdered at her parent's home the day after she broke up with "obsessed" Thomas Griffiths in May.
In an A-level assignment just weeks earlier, Ellie mentioned the murder of two-year-old James Bulger in 1993.
She wrote about how the families of such victims deserved justice and demanded proper punishment for children who kill.
Just weeks later she was stabbed to death in a jealous rage by Griffiths, who placed the knife in her dead hand to try to make the murder look like a suicide.
Griffiths, 17, was sentenced handed a life sentence and must serve a minimum of 12 years and six months.
Ellie's mum Carole, of Calne, Wiltshire, said: "Ellie thought sentences for child killers should bring justice for victims' families so that's what we're fighting for.
"Ellie would be screaming at me to get her the justice she deserves."
She said she will 'never forgive Griffiths'.
"It was shocking that he was capable of such violence," she told The Sun .
Griffiths will be eligible to apply for a sentence reduction after half the time imposed.
Due to his age, the serving terms can be shortened if 'the offender's welfare may be seriously prejudiced by his continued imprisonment'.
Ellie's family say he should serve at least 17 years, equivalent to Ellie's age, but a court decision on any review will be made on December 6.
In an interview with the BBC, Mrs Gould said she wanted to see Griffiths spend the rest of his life in prison.
"He's a danger to society, particularly to women," she said.
"He became obsessed with Ellie within a matter of weeks. He could become obsessed with another woman and who knows what could happen?"


The template component is a very powerful component, you will always need to write at least one JavaScript function, to return back to the component the template you want to use. In future, we need to consider a way to reuse templates without copy/paste the code.
To get familiar with the earlier post I wrote on this subject, please refer to the following links:
This post will cover the formatters. The template component has the concept of formatters, which are functions that we can define on the component and later use them inside the template. The values can be numeric, date or string.
Formatters are very useful because, most of the time, we can’t get the value formatted from the query, as we want it to be displayed on the dashboard. Let’s suppose you want your values to use always 2 decimal places, but from the query you are getting more decimal places then you need.
The way to use them, is done in two steps:
- Define the formatter function in the formatters property of the component
- Use the function on the template, so that it can be called when the template is being rendered
Let’s see each of the steps in more details:
STEP 1: You need to go to the formatters property of the template component and add a new formatter, by setting its name and the JavaScript function that accepts a “value” and “id” as arguments. Let’s suppose we want to transform a number and show the dollar sign, and we want to use the function in 2 different places, the 1st using 1 decimal place and the second using 2 decimal places. In this case we want to use the same function and name, and the id can be used to make the distinction between the use of 1 or 0 decimal places.
- The value, it’s a mandatory argument, will be the value we want to format.
- The id, it’s an optional argument, can be used for conditional formatting. If we pass 1, then we will return the value with 1 decimal place, 2 decimal places otherwise.
One example without the use of the id would be as:
function(value){
return Utils.numberFormat(value, '$0.0a')
}
One example with the id would be as follows:
function(value, id){
if (id == 1)
return Utils.numberFormat(value, '$0.0a')
else
return Utils.numberFormat(value, '$0.00a')
}
TIP: We can use the id as an option, suppose you have different signs you want to use, you cn then pass the signs as the argument in the id.
STEP 2: The second step is to make use of the formatter function inside the template we want to use. Let’s suppose we called the formatter “monetary”. The way to invoke the formatter by calling the function. The syntax is different between Mustache and Underscore, we will focus on the syntax for Mustache. The formatter can be invoked by using {{{ value | formatter | “formatter_name” : id }}}, where we can find the following arguments:
- value: the value to be formatted
- formatter: it indicates that we want to apply formatters. Another option would be addins, that we will cover in another blog post
- formatter_name: the formatter name used in the previous step. The name should be set between double quotes
- id: some option to pass to the addin, like the id of a specific formatter
In the example, we have been working on, the template would be as:
function() {
var template = '' +
'<ul>' +
'{{#items}}' +
'<li> {{0}}: {{{ 1 | formatter : "monetary" : 1}}} </li>'+
'{{/items}}' +
'</ul>';
return template;
}
So, we can see that the vale we want to pass is the value in the second column (column #1), indication that we want to use a formatter, the formatter name as “monetary” and the number of decimal places to use.
There are many use cases you can think of to use the formatters. They will save you lots of code or work on the queries, that sometimes we are not able to perform.
Please refer to the Book Learning Pentaho CTools to get more details.
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Every now and then I find myself learning something new! I am trying to establish a habit of
writing up illustrative summaries on topics that I find useful.
| Category |
Title |
|
Numerical Algorithms
|
TBD
|
|
Differentiable Programming
|
TBD
|
|
Software Engineering
|
TBD
|
|
HPC Simulations
|
TBD
|


Created by Harry / Nick / Colin
Startup Weekend Education in Hong Kong
6-8 Feb, 2015
We will make you happy ...
... because you have ... CHOICE!
Why?
What?
How?
Current `system` is not in balance with nature, as a Human Race.
Recreate the system for sustainability and longivity of man-kind.
What is the next program you want?
10% return from Salary in 1st year
72,000 students taking DSE exam every year
12,000 university offers
10% of 60,000 need alternative offers locally
Market Cap: HKD 72M
3 of them would offer 4K / month at the beginning, and willing to raise upto 10K
| Harry | Nick | Colin |
| Instrustor at General Assembly | Fitness Personal Trainer | Teacher & run Tutor Centre |
“Everything Should Be Made as Simple as Possible, But Not Simpler”


|
| Local Properties | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |
By default the scheduler executes the task on the specified day every month. If you set the interval to a value greater than 1, the task will execute at the specified monthly interval. (For example, an interval of 2 will cause the task to execute on the specified day, hour, and minute every 2 months.)
Properties
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| day | xsd:int |
The day in every month to run the scheduled task.
Valid values are 1 to 31.
In any month where the value of "day" exceeds the total number of days
in the month, the scheduled task will run on the last day of the month.
|
| Properties inherited from MonthlyTaskScheduler | ||
| None | ||
| Properties inherited from DailyTaskScheduler | ||
| hour | ||
| Properties inherited from HourlyTaskScheduler | ||
| minute | ||
| Properties inherited from RecurrentTaskScheduler | ||
| interval | ||
| Properties inherited from TaskScheduler | ||
| activeTime, expireTime | ||
| Properties inherited from DynamicData | ||
| None |
| Top of page | Local Properties | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |


UseItem
is called with an item ID at $CF91
.engine/items/items.asm
in the disassembly:
UseItem_:
ld a,1
ld [wActionResultOrTookBattleTurn],a
ld a,[wcf91] ;contains item_ID
cp a,HM_01 ; HM_01 = $C4
jp nc,ItemUseTMHM ; special handling of TMs and HMs
ld hl,ItemUsePtrTable ; Item pointer table
dec a
add a
ld c,a
ld b,0
add hl,bc
ld a,[hli]
ld h,[hl]
ld l,a
jp hl
So for item id J...
You came to a talk on arbitrary code execution, not a talk on Pokemon item use implementations!
You do know what arbitrary code execution is, right?
Arbitrary code execution is when unintended code is ran.
Think glitches, but more powerful.
After all, arbitrary code execution requires glitches to pull off!
Using inventory underflow, we can get glitch items!
These items have item IDs unused by normal in-game items.


Conversions from gradians More...
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static float | Degrees (float gradians) |
| Convert from gradians to degrees. More... | |
| static float | Radians (float gradians) |
| Convert from gradians to radians. More... | |
| static float | Hours (float gradians) |
| Convert from gradians to hours. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| const float | PER_CIRCLE = 400 |
| Conversion factor from circles to gradians. More... | |
| const float | PER_DEGREE = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Degrees.PER_CIRCLE |
| Conversion factor from degrees to gradians. More... | |
| const float | PER_RADIAN = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Radians.PER_CIRCLE |
| Conversion factor from radians to gradians. More... | |
| const float | PER_HOUR = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Hours.PER_CIRCLE |
| Conversion factor from hours to gradians. More... | |
Conversions from gradians
Definition at line 6 of file Gradians.cs.
|
inlinestatic |
Convert from gradians to degrees.
| gradians | The number of gradians |
Definition at line 33 of file Gradians.cs.
References Juniper.Units.Units.
|
inlinestatic |
Convert from gradians to hours.
| gradians | The number of gradians |
Definition at line 53 of file Gradians.cs.
References Juniper.Units.Units.
|
inlinestatic |
Convert from gradians to radians.
| gradians | The number of gradians |
Definition at line 43 of file Gradians.cs.
References Juniper.Units.Units.
| const float Juniper.Units.Gradians.PER_CIRCLE = 400 |
Conversion factor from circles to gradians.
Definition at line 11 of file Gradians.cs.
| const float Juniper.Units.Gradians.PER_DEGREE = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Degrees.PER_CIRCLE |
Conversion factor from degrees to gradians.
Definition at line 16 of file Gradians.cs.
| const float Juniper.Units.Gradians.PER_HOUR = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Hours.PER_CIRCLE |
Conversion factor from hours to gradians.
Definition at line 26 of file Gradians.cs.
| const float Juniper.Units.Gradians.PER_RADIAN = PER_CIRCLE / Units.Radians.PER_CIRCLE |
Conversion factor from radians to gradians.
Definition at line 21 of file Gradians.cs.


Circumflex unites several self-contained open source projects for quick and robust application development using Scala programming language.
for quick & robust web development
for data-centric applications
for converting semantic plain texts into HTML
for documenting Scala code
Circumflex Web Framework is a minimalistic DSL for quick and robust Web application development.
It makes no assumtions of your applications and maintains limited feature set allowing you to use your favorite tools and libraries. Due to its unobtrusive nature it also plays nicely with different frameworks and view technologies. Read more →
Circumflex ORM is an Object-Relational Mapping framework for creating concise and efficient data-centric applications with elegant DSL.
The data definition DSL and querying API of Circumflex ORM closely resemble SQL — native language of modern databases.
Feature list includes:
Circumflex Markeven is a tool for converting semantic plain text into valid HTML markup.
It is based on Markdown, a famous tool ported to several languages, but has more strict stucture and improved performance.
Markeven is a “golden middle” in a range of markup technologies: from human-readable visually appealing formats which are hard for semantic analysis to strict XML-like languages designed for machines and barely legible for human being. Read more →
Circumflex Docco is a Scala port of Docco project. It offers an alternative approach to maintain source code documentation in a literate programming style.
Unlike standard documentation tools Docco encourages developers to express their thoughts consistently by providing explanations, instructions, HOWTOs and usage scenarios side-by-side with corresponding code fragments.
Circumflex codebase is a live example of how Docco works. Read more →
Each Circumflex project focuses on code quality, simplicity and consistency — such forgotten merits in todays race for features and enterprise panacea-like solutions. We make every effort to keep Circumflex codebase concise, elegant and balanced.
Source bundles from GitHub:
master at GitHub:
pom.xml
.


s6
Software
skarnet.org
The s6-fdholder-retrievec program
s6-fdholder-retrievec talks to a
fd-holding daemon on its open
descriptors 6 and 7, and retrieves a file descriptor from it,
then executes a program.
Interface
s6-fdholder-retrievec [ -D ] [ -t timeout ] id prog...
- s6-fdholder-retrievec expects to talk to a listening
s6-fdholderd program on its descriptors 6 and 7.
- It attempts to retrieve a copy of the file descriptor that has been
stored into that daemon under identifier id.
- It then executes into prog..., with the retrieved
file descriptor as standard input.
Options
- -D : delete the file descriptor from the server's
storage after retrieval. This option requires writing rights over the
given identifier as well as reading rights: check the server's
configuration.
- -t timeout : if the operation cannot be
processed in timeout milliseconds, then fail with an error message.
Communications with the server should be near-instant, so this option is
only here to protect users against programming errors.
Notes
- s6-fdholder-retrievec is the "internal" version of
s6-fdholder-retrieve. It simply
expects to be run as a UCSPI client, i.e. talking to the server
over descriptors 6 and 7, instead of connecting to the server
itself.
- The error messages for the s6-fdholder suite are explained
here.


I am back to doing some kernel hacking. I am building my kernel as I write this post.  I am writing this post to consolidate all of that so that the next time I pick this up, I don’t have to search everywhere.
Getting the source
From kenrel.org or from apt-get
both work.
$ apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)
Building the kernel
$ tar -xvf linux_3.13.0.orig.tar.gz
$ cd linux-3.13.0/
$ make bzImage
$ make_modules
This should give you a kernel image in ./arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage
. Now we need to create
an initrd which we will boot into. For this I use busybox. Make sure you have the statically
linked version of the busybox
binary and place it in the root of the kernel source.
Building the initrd
Save the following script in the root of the kernel source with the filename create_initrd.sh
.
This will build the scafollding of our initrd
mkdir -p initramfs/bin
mkdir -p initramfs/etc
touch initramfs/init
touch initramfs/etc/fstab
cp busybox initramfs/bin
cd initramfs/bin
ln -s busybox sh
The resultant directory structure will be:
initramfs
├── bin
│ ├── busybox
│ └── sh -> busybox
├── etc
│ └── fstab
├── init
Edit the fstab
file and add the following lines
proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0
Edit the init
file and add the following lines
#!/bin/sh
# Mount things needed by this script
mount -t proc proc /proc
mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
# Create all the symlinks to /bin/busybox
busybox --install -s
# Create device nodes
mknod /dev/null c 1 3
mknod /dev/tty c 5 0
mdev -s
create a file build_initrd.sh
which will be run everytime there is an update
to initrd. This may be useful if you add your program to initrd and want to
run the kernel with the new program. This goes in the root of your kernel source
cd initramfs
find . | cpio -H newc -o > ../initramfs.cpio
cd ..
cat initramfs.cpio | gzip > initramfs.igz
Running the kernel with KVM
Finally we are ready with our kernel and initrd. Create the file run_kernel.sh
which will run the kenrnel in your terminal.
kvm -kernel arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage \
-initrd initramfs.gz \
-chardev stdio,id=stdio,mux=on \
-device virtio-serial-pci \
-device virtconsole,chardev=stdio \
-mon chardev=stdio \
-display none \
-append 'console=hvc0'\
-s
Debugging using remote gdb
The above command uses KVM to run the kernel and displays the output in the
current terminal. It also starts a gdb server for debugging which is listening
on port tcp:1234
. You can use a remote gdb
to debug.
$ gdb vmlinux
(gdb) set architecture i386:x86-64
(gdb) target remote :1234
That’s it. Once the kernel is up and running, you can attach the debugger and
debug. If you want to add any modules, throw them in the initramfs directory,
update the init
script to load them when the kernel boots up, rebuild the
initramfs and you are set.
References
[1] http://jootamam.net/howto-initramfs-image.htm
[2] https://blog.nelhage.com/2013/12/lightweight-linux-kernel-development-with-kvm/


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