Getting and Installing Xfig and TransFig
You need the fig2dev program in the TransFig package
in addition to xfig to be complete.
The fig2dev program is the program which allows you to print figures
and export them to various languages and formats such as PostScript, GIF, JPEG, etc.
Xfig and TransFig
Related Software
This is the installation procedure of xfig.
See the README file for more details.
For information about how to use internationalization facility
of xfig,
see also Internationalization.
- Get the source of xfig (xfig.3.2.5d.full.tar.gz)
and gunzip and untar the file:
Either do:
- gunzip -c xfig.3.2.5d.full.tar.gz | tar xvf -
or
- gunzip xfig.3.2.5d.full.tar.gz
tar xvf xfig.3.2.5d.full.tar
You can get the source from
http://www.xfig.org/xfigdist,
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/drawing_tools/xfig
and its
mirror sites
or from any CTAN machine
(
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/pub/archive/graphics,
for example).
- Edit the Imakefile if you need to customize it:
-
If you want to install xfig in a directory other than
the default X11 binary directory:
-
add "BINDIR=<directory>" at the
top of the Imakefile, where <directory> is the full path of the
directory in which you want xfig to be installed.
-
Also, you may have to redefine MKDIRHIER because make looks for it relative to
the BINDIR variable.
Set it to: "MKDIRHIER = /bin/sh <path>/mkdirhier"
where <path> is the path to the mkdirhier script or program.
-
Finally, uncomment and change XAPPLOADDIR to the directory where you want
the app-defaults resource files to go. You will have to use the
environment variable XAPPLRESDIR in your shell to point to this directory.
On Sun systems running Openwindows you probably need to set the environment
variable XUSERFILESEARCHPATH to point to your app-defaults directory, and
append a "%N" to the path, e.g. /users/me/xfig/app-defaults/%N
-
To use JPEG, you must have JPEG library (Version 5b or later).
If you already has the JPEG library installed in your system area then make
sure the USEINSTALLEDJPEG variable is uncommented (the default).
If you don't have JPEG installed, get the source from
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg
or ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries
and comment out the USEINSTALLEDJPEG variable,
and set the JPEGLIBDIR variable to the directory
where source of JPEG library is stored.
** Make sure you delete or rename any older version of the JPEG
library you might have on your system. Some Linux systems come
with an older version which is incompatible with xfig.
If you don't want JPEG support, comment out `#define USEJPEG'
using the XCOMM comment directive (e.g. XCOMM #define USEJPEG).
-
You need the PNG library (-lpng) and the zlib (-lz) compression library.
You can find the PNG sources at http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html and
the zlib sources at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib.
-
To enable XPM support, uncomment `#define USEXPM'
and modify the definition of XPMLIBDIR if necessary.
To use XPM, you must have XPM3 package (Version 3.4c or later).
-
If you want to use Xaw3d (Three-D Athena Widget) library,
uncomment `#define XAW3D',
and change the `XAW3DINC variable to point to the directory where your
3D Athena widget headers are located.
When Xaw3d is used instead of Xaw,
the buttons will appear 3 dimensional.
The Xaw3d library should be compiled without -DARROW_SCROLLBAR.
-
Small Icons -
If you have a small screen (e.g. 800x600 or so) you may want to use the small
mode panel buttons for xfig.
If so, uncomment the `#define USESMALLICONS' line.
-
If your system doesn't have strcasecmp()
and/or strncasecmp(), uncomment
- `HAVE_NO_STRCASECMP = -DHAVE_NO_STRCASECMP'
and/or
- `HAVE_NO_STRNCASECMP = -DHAVE_NO_STRNCASECMP'.
-
If your system doesn't have strstr(),
uncomment `#define NOSTRSTR'.
-
If your system doesn't have strerror()
(but support sys_errlist),
uncomment `NEED_STRERROR = -DNEED_STRERROR'.
-
If you have a wheel mouse, see wheel mouse
for a description of the wheel functions in xfig.
-
If you want to enable internationalization facility of xfig,
uncomment "#define I18N" (remove (XCOMM).
See Internationalization for more information.
Suggestion to Package Maintainers:
If you are preparing a package to be distributed to the world
in the binary form, it is recommended to enable
internationalization facility
so that the package can be used also in Japan or Korea.
Check the README file for more information about specific systems.
- Type xmkmf to generate a Makefile for your system.
- Type make to compile xfig.
- After the compilation has finished, type
make install
to copy the files to the appropriate directories.
If you don't use make install and copy files manually,
note that:
-
the xfig executable should go in your command search path,
-
Fig.ad should go in the app-defaults
directory with the name Fig,
-
The CompKeyDB file , the Doc/html directory, and the
xfig-howto.pdf and xfig.pdf files should be copied into
the directory specified by the XFIGLIBDIR variable in the Imakefile
- Type make install.man
to copy the manual pages to the appropriate directory.
Here is the installation procedure for TransFig (fig2dev).
See README file in for details.
For information about how to use internationalization facility
of fig2dev,
see also Internationalization.
- Get the source of TransFig (transfig.3.2.5e.tar.gz),
and untar the file.
It should be available at the same site as xfig.
-
You shouldn't need to change the toplevel
Imakefile or the Imakefile in fig2dev/dev.
Edit fig2dev/Imakefile if you need to customize it:
-
If you don't want to use NFSS2 font selection for LaTeX text,
comment out `DDNFSS = -DNFSS' using the XCOMM directive.
If you don't want to use epsfig macros as distributes with LaTeX2e,
comment out `DDEPSF = -DEPSF' in the same way.
Hint: Users of LaTeX2e will probably want to include both of these
options; users of LaTeX 2.09 will probably want to include neither.
-
To use JPEG,
you must have JPEG library (Version 5b or later).
If you already if the JPEG library installed in your system area then make
sure the USEINSTALLEDJPEG variable is uncommented (the default).
If you don't have JPEG installed, get the source from
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg
or ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries
If you don't want JPEG support, comment out `#define USEJPEG'
using the XCOMM comment directive (e.g. XCOMM #define USEJPEG).
-
You need the PNG library (-lpng) and the zlib (-lz) compression library.
You can find the PNG sources at http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html and
the zlib sources at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib.
-
To enable XPM support, uncomment `#define USEXPM'
and change XPMLIBDIR if necessary.
To use this facility,
you must have XPM3 package (Version 3.4c or later).
-
If your system doesn't have strcasecmp()
and/or strncasecmp(), uncomment
- `HAVE_NO_STRCASECMP = -DHAVE_NO_STRCASECMP'
and/or
- `HAVE_NO_STRNCASECMP = -DHAVE_NO_STRNCASECMP'.
-
If your system doesn't have strstr(),
uncomment `#define NOSTRSTR'.
-
If your system doesn't have strerror()
(but support sys_errlist),
uncomment `NEED_STRERROR = -DNEED_STRERROR'.
-
On Solaris 2,
you must add -lnsl to LOCAL_LIBRARIES.
On HP-UX, you may need to reduce optimization level to +O2.
-
If you want to enable internationalization facility of fig2dev,
uncomment "#define I18N" (remove (XCOMM).
See Internationalization for more information.
See README and Imakefile for more details.
- Type xmkmf to generate the Makefile.
- Type make Makefiles to generate the
Makefiles. Note the "s" in "Makefiles".
- Type make to compile
TransFig and fig2dev.
- Type make install
to copy the executable and files to the appropriate directories.
- Type make install.man
to copy the manual pages to the appropriate directory.
Xfig On Microsoft Windows
There is a version of xfig ported to run under Microsoft Windows using the Cygnus X server.
See Wayne Wang's xfig for Windows,
then click on "Software Tools" then "Install xfig on Windows".
Both need an X server (e.g. Hummingbird Exceed, or Cygwin/X to run. See:
http://www.cygwin.com/xfree/)
Xfig On the MacIntosh
There is a version of xfig ported to run on the MacIntosh under MacPorts.
See:
http:macports.org
Installing Other Software
In addition to xfig and transfig (fig2dev).
you will also need to install
GhostScript and
netpbm,
- xfig invokes GhostScript (the gs command)
when displaying PostScript images,
and exporting in bitmap formats (e.g. JPEG, XPM, etc).
GhostScript must be compiled with pbmraw, ppmraw, pcx256, jpeg,
and tiff24nc driver.
GhostScript can be found at
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu
and its
mirror sites,
or at
ftp.cs.wisc.edu/ghost/aladdin.
- fig2dev invokes commands in the netpbm package
when exporting in some formats.
Commands that may actually be used are:
pbmtoxbm, pgmtopbm, pnmdepth, pnmscale, pnmtopng, pnmtotiff,
ppmquant, ppmtoacad, ppmtogif, ppmtopcx, ppmtopgm, ppmtojpeg and ppmtoxpm.
netpbm can be found at
http://download.sourceforge.net/netpbm/
or
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/graphics
or its
mirror sites
in /contrib/graphics.
Be sure that it includes ppmtojpeg. This may be found only in the newer
releases, such as 9.0 and 9.1
Installing Ghostscript's Type 1 fonts under X
You can use Ghostscript's high quality Type 1 fonts on your X server (and therefore in xfig).
Copy the necessary files from Ghostscript's fonts directory to /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/ (or wherever your X server Type 1 fonts are).
$ cp /usr/share/ghostscript/fonts/*l.pfb /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1
Append the file
/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts/fonts.scale to Type1/fonts.scale.
The first line in the latter file contains is the number of fonts listed in that file.
Change that number to include the additional fonts.
Now run mkfontdir(1) to update the font database:
$ mkfontdir
If your operating system has the chkfontpath command, alternative is to add
the Ghostscript font directory to the X server font path:
chkfontpath -a /usr/share/ghostscript/fonts/fonts/
In either case, if your X-server is running already you have to tell it to reread the font databases with
xset(1):
$ xset fp rehash
Related Software
Libraries
-
Xaw3d (Three-D Athena Widget) library
- If Xaw3d is used instead of normal Xaw,
widgets such as buttons will have 3-D appearance.
It is available from
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/widgets
and its
mirror sites
in /contrib/widgets.
-
XPM3 package
-
This package provides facilities to handle images in XPM format.
It is available from
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries
and its
mirror sites
in /contrib/libraries.
-
JPEG library
-
This package provides facilities to handle images in JPEG format.
The official distribution site is
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg.
It is also available from
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries
and its mirror sites
in /contrib/libraries.
Related Applications
Here is a list of related applications.
See also
Scientific Applications on Linux (SAL)
for more applications for Linux
(many of them may also work on other UNIX-compatible platforms) and
http://homepage.usask.ca/~ijm451/fig/
which a site maintained by Ian MacPhedran that has some other links for
FIG-related applications. Also,
http://www.hologuard.com/useful-resources/learning-centre/21 lists some FIG-related applications.
-
fig2dev (TransFig)
-
fig2dev provides the facility to
convert figures created with xfig into various formats.
You must have fig2dev because
xfig invokes it when
Exporting
or Printing.
fig2dev is part of the TransFig package.
-
GhostScript
-
xfig will invoke GhostScript (the gs command)
when displaying an imported PostScript image.
GhostScript is copyrighted by Aladdin Enterprises,
but it is (at least older versions are) distributed under GPL,
and it is available from
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu
and its mirror sites,
or ftp.cs.wisc.edu/ghost/aladdin.
-
AutoTrace
-
Converts bitmap to vector graphics - has a Fig file output driver.
Available from http://autotrace.sourceforge.net.
Written by Martin Weber.
-
cdraw2fig
-
Converts `Cheap Draw' format to Fig format.
Cheap Draw 2.0 was written by Bob Pratt and is available from the UNIXPC
archives at osu-cis.
-
chemtool
- A chemical structure editor for X11 available from
http://ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/~martin/chemtool/chemtool.html
that writes Fig output (and relies on transfig for anything more fancy than xbm)
-
figbuild
-
figbuild reads xfig files (Version 3.x, tested with 3.1, 3.2) plus
its own config file for heights, and generates a Radiance input
file. Written by Peter Apian-Bennewitz at Fraunhofer ISE, Germany.
See:
http://www.ise.fhg.de/radiance/pabs-toolbox/figbuild/figbuild.html
-
GIMP
-
A comprehensive image manipulation program, GIMP (Gnu Image Manipulation Program)
is freely available from http://www.gimp.org/.
-
gnuplot
-
gnuplot is a plotting package which can output in Fig and other formats.
The official distribution site is
http://www.gnuplot.info/.
-
grass2fig
-
The GRASS GIS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System)
is an open source Geographical Information System (GIS) with raster,
topological vector, image processing, and graphics production
functionality that operates on various platforms through a graphical
user interface and shell in the X Window System. It is released under GNU General
Public License (GPL). See http://grass.itc.it/.
The grass2fig program will convert a GRASS binary vector map to a
Fig file.
-
gzip (gunzip)
-
xfig will invoke gunzip when reading gzipped files.
gzip (gunzip) is a product of the
Free Software Foundation,
and is available from
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu
and its mirror sites.
-
hp2xx
-
hp2xx can convert HP-GL files into other formats
such as PostScript, LaTeX or Fig.
It is available from
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hp2xx.
-
jfig
-
jfig is a Java-based drawing program that is based on xfig.
See
http://tech-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/applets/javafig/applet.html
-
mifXfig
-
mifXfig will convert files
between MIF format (of Framemaker(TM)) and Fig format.
See
http://www.ida.liu.se/~vaden/teaching/m2f/
for details.
-
Msphinx
-
A friendly package to handle satellite images.
- Main features:
- Msphinx includes two types of analysis and processing functions:
- Functions to process the basic data geometry and projection planes.
- Functions to manipulate and modify the graphic display and print.
- Communication capabilities:
-
- Data writes from external user programs (C or Fortran) into the memory planes.
- User-to-user data exchange (text or images).
- User image data base visualisation.
- Direct links to other packages:
- Mgraph (2d and contouring plotting)
- HDFLook (HDF read write files)
- Xfig (Facility for Interactive Generation of figures)
- mpeg_encode (mpeg format nimations)
Find it at: http://loasys.univ-lille1.fr/Msphinx/Msphinx_gb.html
-
netpbm
-
fig2dev will invoke the appropriate command from the netpbm package
when exporting figures
to bitmap formats.
netpbm is available from
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/drawing_tools/xfig
and its
mirror sites
or from
ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/X11/contrib/utilities.
-
pic2fig
-
Convertes PIC format (used with troff, ditroff, etc) to Fig format.
It is available from
ftp://ftp.cs.orst.edu/localsrc/graphics
or ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/utilities
and its
mirror sites
in /contrib/utilities.
-
plot2fig
-
Converts UNIX plot format to Fig format.
Available from any GNU site.
-
plotutils (GNU)
-
includes an application for XY plotting (graph),
a plot filter (plot), a Tektronix translator (tek2plot),
a program for displaying font character maps (plotfont),
and a library for drawing 2-D vector graphics (libplot),
all of which produce output in xfig format.
by Robert S. Maier<EMAIL_ADDRESS>See:
http://www.gnu.org/software/plotutils/plotutils.html
-
pstoedit
-
pstoedit can convert PostScript files into Fig format.
It is available from
http://www.pstoedit.net/pstoedit.
-
xfigbar and xfigpie
-
Two C programs to produce bar and pie charts as Fig
files. Written by John Conover<EMAIL_ADDRESS>these programs are available at:
http://www.johncon.com/john/archive/xfigutilities.shar.gz
-
xgraph
-
xgraph is a plotting package which runs in X11.
The version on
ftp://iworks.ecn.uiowa.edu
in comp.hp can output Fig files.
-
xpaint
-
xpaint is a painting program which runs under X11.
It is available from
http://www.danbbs.dk/~torsten/xpaint
and any SunSite machines such as
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/graphics/draw/.
-
xv
-
xv can be used to display images in various formats
and allows some editing of those images (cropping, color editing scaling/rotating etc).
By default, xfig will invoke xv
when the Edit Image button is pressed
in the edit PICTURE object panel.
xv is shareware and is available via anonymous ftp from
ftp://ftp.cis.upenn.edu/pub/xv.
[ Contents |
Introduction |
Credits ]


| 004:098 Khan | : |
Except the weak ones among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan, nor are they able to direct their way. |
| 004:098 Maulana | : |
Except the weak from among the men and the women and the children who have not the means, nor can they find a way (to escape); |
| 004:098 Pickthal | : |
Except the feeble among men, and the women, and the children, who are unable to devise a plan and are not shown a way. |
| 004:098 Rashad | : |
Exempted are the weak men, women, and children who do not possess the strength, nor the means to find a way out. |
| 004:098 Sarwar | : |
As for the really weak and oppressed men, women, and children who were not able to find any means of obtaining their freedom or of having the right guidance, |
| 004:098 Shakir | : |
Except the weak from among the men and the children who have not in their power the means nor can they find a way (to escape); |
| 004:098 Sherali | : |
Except such weak ones among men, women and children, as are incapable of adopting any plan or of finding any way to escape. |
| 004:098 Yusufali | : |
Except those who are (really) weak and oppressed - men, women, and children - who have no means in their power, nor (a guide-post) to their way. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > (محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم > هجرته ومنزلة المهاجرين Pillars of Islam> The Blessed Muhammad(PBUH)> His Immigration and the Immigrants Rank الدعوة إلى الله > حدودها > الاضطهاد بسبب العقيدة ظلم لا يجوز The Call for Allah> Its Limits> Persecution due to Belief is Impermissible Oppression الجهاد > الهجرة > وجوبها Jihad> The Immigration> The Immigrations Necessity الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > الرجل والمرأة Man and The Social Relations>Man and Woman العلاقات القضائية > أحكام قانونية > العفو > الاستثناء Judicial Relationships>Legal Rules>Forgiveness>The Exceptions
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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Subject: =?UTF-8?B?{{ .dict.subject | base64 }}?= To: {{ .to }} From: {{ .from }} MIME-version: 1.0; Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8;


| Home | Libraries | People | FAQ | More |
|
macro 宏 |
description 说明 |
|---|---|
|
BOOST_REGEX_DYN_LINK |
For Microsoft and Borland C++ builds, this tells Boost.Regex that
it should link to the dll build of the Boost.Regex. By default
boost.regex will link to its static library build, even if the
dynamic C runtime library is in use. |
|
BOOST_REGEX_NO_LIB |
For Microsoft and Borland C++ builds, this tells Boost.Regex that
it should not automatically select the library to link to. |


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Bearings: Access Data Generically¶
A bearing details how to fetch or place data of a given name
on a target object.
E.g., you would fetch name
from a dict using dict[name]
, but for a dataclass
using data.name
.
Bearings are the building blocks of a Course
objects, which fetch/place a
sequence of bearings on a complex data structure.
BearingAbstract Base Type¶
BearingAbstract
outlines the methods and attributes that must/may be overridden
by implementations.
name |
type |
required? |
description |
|---|---|---|---|
method |
yes |
Gets data from object at |
|
method |
yes |
Sets data on object at |
|
|
method |
yes |
String shorthand |
|
cls attribute |
encouraged |
Compatible |
|
cls attribute |
encouraged |
String shorthand pattern |
method |
no |
Can |
|
method |
no |
Converts string to |
|
method |
no |
Returns initialized factory_type |
-
class
gemma.
BearingAbstract
(name, factory=None)[source]¶ -
__init__
(name, factory=None)[source]¶ Abstract base class for
Course
bearings.inherits from:
Generic[_NameType]
- Parameters
name (
Union
[~_NameType,BearingAbstract
[~_NameType]]) – name of key/index/attribute/method/etc to act on.factory (
Optional
[Type
[~FactoryType]]) –type
to be used as default value ifCourse.place()
hits empty or non-existent value so structure can be built
- Class-level Attributes
REGEX: (
re.Pattern
) - Regex pattern to match string shorthandNAME_TYPES (
List[Union[Type, Any]]
) -type
( ortuple
of types ) thatname
can be.
-
property
factory_type
¶ Read-only property.
- Return type
Optional
[Type
[~FactoryType]]- Returns
factory
passed to__init__
.
>>> from gemma import Attr >>> attribute = Attr('a', factory=dict) >>> attribute.factory_type dict
-
fetch
(target)[source]¶ MUST BE IMPLEMENTED
Fetches value from target object by
BearingAbstract.name()
- Parameters
target (
Any
) – object to fetch value from- Return type
Any
- Returns
value to be fetched
- Raises
NullNameError – generic error when bearing cannot be found
TypeError – when
target
is wrong type for bearing
See documentation of the default Bearing implementations for examples:
-
init_factory
()[source]¶ MAY BE IMPLEMENTED
Returns an initialized version of
BearingAbstract.factory()
.- Return type
~FactoryType
- Returns
initialized data object
- Raises
TypeError – is factory is not callable
DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATION: initializes object with no parameters.
>>> from gemma import Attr >>> attribute = Attr('a', factory=dict) >>> attribute.init_factory() {}
-
classmethod
is_compatible
(name)[source]¶ MAY BE IMPLEMENTED
Checks whether the
name
can be cast to current type.- Parameters
name (
Any
) – value to be cast- Return type
bool
- Returns
True
: Can be cast.False
: Cannot be cast
DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATION: checks whether the type of
name
is incls.NAME_TYPES
.Most Bearing implementations will not need to override this method, instead supplying a list of acceptable types to
cls.NAME_TYPES
.However, some Bearings may depend on criteria other than type and override this method, possibly making
cls.NAME_TYPES
irrelevant.For example, a bearing used to fetch and set data from the
dataclasses
module might re-implementBearingAbstract.is_compatible()
as a wrapper fordataclasses.is_dataclass()
.
-
property
name
¶ Read-only property.
- Return type
~_NameType
- Returns
name
passed to__init__
.
>>> from gemma import Attr >>> attribute = Attr('a') >>> attribute.name a
-
classmethod
name_from_str
(text)[source]¶ MAY BE IMPLEMENTED
Casts string to appropriate type for
name
param of__init__
.- Parameters
text (
str
) – text to cast- Return type
Any
- Returns
cast value.
- Raises
ValueError – if
text
is not cast-able.
DEFAULT IMPLEMENTATION: Tests if the
text
matches to the regex pattern inBearingAbstract.REGEX
, then extracts name from pattern.Raises
ValueError
if no match.
-
place
(target, value, **kwargs)[source]¶ MUST BE IMPLEMENTED
Sets
value
atBearingAbstract.name()
of target object.- Parameters
target (
Any
) – target object to set valuevalue (
Any
) – value to set
- Returns None
method should not return anything
- Raises
NullNameError –
NullNameError
should be raised if bearing cannot be placedTypeError – When
target
is wrong type for Bearing
See documentation of the default Bearing implementations for examples.
- Return type
None
-
Bearing Shorthand¶
The default implementations of BearingAbstract
checks for the following
patterns when determining if a string can be cast to it’s type:
class |
shorthand |
note |
|---|---|---|
@name |
||
[name] |
||
name() |
||
name |
accepts all values |
>>> from gemma import Attr
>>>
>>> attribute = Attr.from_string('name')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: text does not match regex
>>> attribute = Attr.from_string('@name')
>>> attribute.name
'name'
This is slightly different from instantiating the class directly, which does not check/parse the input value of a string, instead using whatever it is fed.
>>> attribute = Attr('name')
>>> attribute.name
'name'
>>> attribute = Attr('@name')
>>> attribute.name
'@name'
Likewise, str(BearingAbstract)
should return the properly formatted shorthand
through BearingAbstract.__str__
>>> from gemma import Attr, Item, Call, Bearing
>>>
>>> str(Attr("a"))
'@a'
>>> str(Item("a"))
'[a]'
>>> str(Call("a"))
'a()'
>>> str(Fallback("a"))
'a'
This allows for string-encoded bearings which can be easily cast by Course
objects. For example:
>>> from gemma import Course
>>>
>>> data = {'nested': {'a': 'a value', 'b': 'b value'}}
>>>
>>> to_fetch = Course() / '[nested]' / 'keys()'
>>> to_fetch.fetch(data)
dict_keys(['a', 'b'])
Course
auto-casts strings using a configurable factory method.
BearingAbstract.from_string()
can be overridden when implementing a
custom Bearing if more granularity is needed than setting the class’ REGEX
field.
Implementations¶
gemma
comes with four implementations of BearingAbstract
, covering most
basic data object API’s.
Attr Type¶
-
class
gemma.
Attr
(name, factory=None)[source]¶ Attr fetches and places data on a target’s attribute.
inherits from:
BearingAbstract
name types: Attr only accepts
str
asname
value.shorthand:
"@name"
-
fetch
(target)[source]¶ Fetches attribute of target.
- Parameters
target (
Any
) – Object to fetch attribute from- Return type
Any
- Returns
Value of attribute
- Raises
NullNameError – if attribute does not exist
Equivalent to:
>>> getattr(target, self.name)
Example:
>>> from gemma import Attr >>> from dataclasses import dataclass >>> >>> @dataclass ... class Data: ... a: str = 'value' ... >>> data = Data() >>> Attr('a').fetch(data) 'value'
If target does not have an attribute of bearing.name:
>>> Attr('b').fetch(data) Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: @b>
-
place
(target, value, **kwargs)[source]¶ Sets Attribute of target to
value
.- Parameters
target (
Any
) – Object to set attribute onvalue (
Any
) – Value to set on attribute
- Return type
None
- Returns
None
- Raises
NullNameError – if attribute does not exist
Equivalent to:
>>> setattr(target, self.name, value)
Example, using
data
from the fetch example above:>>> data.a 'value' >>> Attr('a').place(data, 'changed') >>> data.a 'changed'
If target does not have an attribute of bearing.name:
>>> Attr('b').place(data, 'changed again') Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: @b
Unlike
setattr()
,Attr.place()
cannot be used to declare arbitrary attributes. Non-existent attributes will raise a NullNameError.
-
Item Type¶
-
class
gemma.
Item
(name, factory=None)[source]¶ Item fetches and places data on a target’s index or mapping
inherits from:
BearingAbstract
name types:
Any
.shorthand:
"[name]"
-
fetch
(target)[source]¶ Fetches data at index or key of
target
- Parameters
target (
Any
) – object to fetch data from- Return type
Any
- Returns
value of index/key
- Raises
NullNameError – if index/key does not exist
TypeError – if Target does not have a valid
__getitem__
method
Fetch data from a list:
>>> from gemma import Item >>> >>> data_list = ["zero", "one", "two"] >>> item = Item(0) >>> item.fetch(data_list) 'zero'
Fetch data from a dict:
>>> data_dict = {"a": "a value", "b": "b value"} >>> item = Item("b") >>> item.fetch(data_dict) 'b value'
Fetching an Index / Item that does not exist raises
NullNameError
>>> out_of_index = Item(5) >>> out_of_index.fetch(data_list) Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: [5] >>> >>> bad_key = Item("c") >>> bad_key.fetch(data_dict) Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: [c]
An invalid name raises a
NullNameError
regardless of whether thetarget
object would normally raise aKeyError
orIndexError
.Fetching from a
target
which does not support__getitem__
raises aTypeError
.>>> no_get_item = int(1) >>> bad_key.fetch(no_get_item) Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable
-
place
(target, value, **kwargs)[source]¶ Sets
value
at Index/Key oftarget
- Parameters
target (
Any
) – object to setvalue
on.value (
Any
) – value to set.
- Return type
None
- Returns
None
- Raises
NullNameError – When Index/Key cannot be set
TypeError – When
target
does not support__setitem__
Changing an existing dict key:
>>> from gemma import Item >>> >>> data_dict = {"a": "a value", "b": "b value"} >>> existing_item = Item("b") >>> >>> existing_item.place(data_dict, "changed") >>> data_dict {'a': 'a value', 'b': 'changed'}
Setting a new dict key:
>>> new_item = Item("c") >>> new_item.place(data_dict, "new") >>> data_dict {'a': 'a value', 'b': 'changed', 'c': 'new'}
Changing an existing list index:
>>> data_list = ["zero", "one", "two"] >>> item = Item(0) >>> >>> item.place(data_list, "changed") >>> data_list ['changed', 'one', 'two']
Changing an index out of range does not result in
NullNameError
, as it does withItem.fetch()
.>>> out_of_index = Item(5) >>> out_of_index.place(data_list, "new value") >>> data_list ['changed', 'one', 'two', None, None, 'new value']
None
is inserted in any missing indexes between the last existing index and the new index.Attempting to place a value on a
target
that does not support__setitem__
raises aTypeError
:>>> data_tuple = ("zero", "one", "two") >>> cannot_set = Item(0) >>> >>> cannot_set.place(data_tuple, "changed") Traceback (most recent call last): ... TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
If the object would normally raise a
KeyError
orIndexError
, it is cast to aNullNameError
.Let us create a dict class that raises a
KeyError
when attempting to set any key that is not present upon initialization:>>> class StrictDict(dict): ... def __setitem__(self, item, value): ... if not item in self: ... raise KeyError ... super().__setitem__(item, value) ... >>> strict = StrictDict({"a": "a value", "b": "b value"}) >>> strict["c"] = "changed" Traceback (most recent call last): ... KeyError
Item
‘s place method will cast theKeyError
to aNullNameError
.>>> raises_key = Item("c") >>> raises_key.place(strict, "changed") Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: [c]
-
Call Type¶
-
class
gemma.
Call
(name, func_args=None, func_kwargs=None)[source]¶ Call fetches and sets data through a target’s
target.name()
method.inherits from:
BearingAbstract
name types: Call only accepts
str
asname
values.shorthand:
"name()"
-
__init__
(name, func_args=None, func_kwargs=None)[source]¶ - Parameters
name (
str
) – method name to act onfunc_args (
Optional
[Iterable
]) –*args
to pass to method when fetching or placingfunc_kwargs (
Optional
[Dict
[str
,Any
]]) –**kwargs
to pass to method when fetching or placing
- Class Attributes:
VALUE_ARG (
Any
): object to act as placeholder infunc_args
andfunc_kwargs
-
fetch
(target)[source]¶ Fetches value from method of
target
- Parameters
target (
Any
) – Object to call method on.- Return type
Any
- Returns
return of method
Getting the keys of a dict:
>>> from gemma import Call >>> >>> data_dict = {"a": "a value", "b": "b value"} >>> method = Call("keys") >>> >>> method.fetch(data_dict) dict_keys(['a', 'b'])
If the method does not exist, a
NullNameError
is raised.>>> invalid_method = Call("does_not_exist") >>> invalid_method.fetch(data_dict) Traceback (most recent call last): ... gemma._exceptions.NullNameError: does_not_exist()
When fetching a value, call will pass the
func_args
andfunc_kwargs
passed to__init__
as*args
and*kwargs
>>> data_list = ["repeat", "one", "two", "repeat"] >>> method = Call("index", func_args=("repeat", 1)) >>> method.fetch(data_list) 3
This is equivalent to
>>> data_list.index("repeat", 1) 3
-
place
(target, value, **kwargs)[source]¶ Places value with method of
target
.- Parameters
target (
Any
) – Object to call method onvalue (
Any
) – value to pass
- Return type
None
- Returns
None
By default,
value
is passed as the first argument to the given method.Appending value at end of list:
>>> from gemma import Call >>> >>> data_list = ["zero", "one", "two"] >>> >>> adds_value = Call("append") >>> adds_value.place(data_list, "three") >>> >>> data_list ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three']
Any additional args are passed as positional arguments, after
value
. Let us create a list class with a method that will attempt to cast a value to a given type before appending it to the list:>>> class MultiArg(list): ... def cast_append(self, value, cast_type=None): ... try: ... value = cast_type(value) ... except (TypeError, ValueError): ... pass ... self.append(value) ... ... def args_reversed(self, cast_type=None, value=None): ... self.cast_append(value, cast_type) ...
We can pass
str
to thecast_type
parameter by setting it as the first additional argument toCall
.>>> data_list = MultiArg(('zero', 'one', 'two')) >>> data_list ['zero', 'one', 'two'] >>> casts_str = Call('cast_append', func_args=(str,)) >>> casts_str.place(data_list, 3) >>> data_list ['zero', 'one', 'two', '3']
This is equivalent to:
>>> data_list.cast_append(3, str)
We can also pass
cast_type
as a keyword argument.>>> casts_str = Call('cast_append', func_kwargs={'cast_type': str}) >>> casts_str.place(data_list, 4) >>> data_list ['zero', 'one', 'two', '3', '4']
For most setter methods, it is likely that the value will be the first argument passed. However, this is not always the case. Take
list.insert()
– the first argument is the index where the value is inserted.>>> data_list = ["zero", "one", "two"] >>> data_list.insert(0, "new") >>> data_list ['new', 'zero', 'one', 'two']
In this case, if we want a bearing that places
value
at the head of alist
, we need to passvalue
as the second argument.We can use the
Call.VALUE_ARG
object to indicate that instead of being placed as the first argument,value
should replace theCall.VALUE_ARG
whenever a new value is passed to the bearing.>>> data_list = ["zero", "one", "two"] >>> >>> inserts_head = Call("insert", func_args=(0, Call.VALUE_ARG)) >>> inserts_head.place(data_list, "new") >>> >>> data_list ['new', 'zero', 'one', 'two']
This also works with
**kwarg values
. Using theMultiArg
, class from above:>>> data_list = MultiArg(('zero', 'one', 'two')) >>> >>> kwargs = {'value': Call.VALUE_ARG, 'cast_type': str} >>> inserts_head = Call("args_reversed", func_kwargs=kwargs) >>> >>> inserts_head.place(data_list, 3) >>> inserts_head ['zero', 'one', 'two', '3']
-
Fallback Type¶
-
class
gemma.
Fallback
(name)[source]¶ -
__init__
(name)[source]¶ Attempts to fetch or place data on a target using other bearing class’ methods.
- Parameters
name (
Any
) – name of bearing.
inherits from:
BearingAbstract
name types:
Any
.shorthand:
"name"
- Class Attributes:
BEARING_CLASSES (
List[Type[BearingAbstract]]
): bearing classes to cycle through when attempting to fetch or place data.
The available methods and order of attempts is determined by the list of types in
Fallback.BEARING_CLASSES
. This makes bearing less performant than invoking one of its test classes directly, but does make setting upCourse
objects easier and less tedious. The performance hit may or may not be worth it depending on your workflow.The default
BEARING_CLASSES
areItem
,Call
, andAttr
, though that can be extended by inheriting this classMeant as a generic class when the bearing type is not well defined in a string ( Allows for more compact, generic
Course
declarations ).
-
fetch
(target)[source]¶ Attempts to fetch data from
target
object.- Parameters
target (
Any
) – object to fetch data from.- Return type
Any
- Returns
value
Cycles through the classes in
Fallback.BEARING_CLASSES
, casting the current Bearing to each type, and invoking theirfetch()
method.If the cast or fetch results in a :class:
NullNameError
,TypeError
, orValueError
, the exception is caught and the next class is tried.By default,
Fallback
cycles throughfetch()
onItem
,Attr
, andCall
, in that order.With the default classes, if an attribute exists, it will be fetched.
>>> from gemma import Fallback >>> >>> class TestData: ... pass ... >>> test_data = TestData() >>> test_data.a = 'a value' >>> >>> to_fetch = Fallback('a') >>> to_fetch.fetch(test_data) 'a value'
Same with an Index.
>>> data_dict = {"a": "a dict"} >>> to_fetch.fetch(data_dict) 'a dict'
Same with a method.
>>> class FetchMethod: ... def a(self): ... return 'a method' ... >>> test_data = FetchMethod() >>> to_fetch.fetch(test_data) 'a method'
When an name has multiple compatible bearings, it takes the first method’s value that does not throw an exception.
>>> class TwoValid(dict): ... def a(self): ... return 'a method' ... >>> data_dict = TwoValid({'a': 'a item'}) >>> to_fetch.fetch(data_dict) 'a item'
Both
Item('a')
andCall('a')
would return valid values –"a method"
and"a item"
, respectively – but sinceItem
is tried first and gets a valid response, the key value is returned.
-
place
(target, value, **kwargs)[source]¶ Attempts to set
value
ontarget
.- Parameters
target (
Any
) – Object to setvalue
on.value (
Any
) – Value to set.
- Return type
None
- Returns
None
Attempts to place data on a given name of
target
by cycling through the classes inFallback.BEARING_CLASSES
, casting the current Bearing to each type, and invoking theirplace()
method.If the cast or place results in a
NullNameError
,TypeError
, orValueError
, the exception is caught and the next class is tried.By default,
Fallback
cycles throughplace()
onItem
,Attr
, andCall
, in that order.With the default classes, if an attribute exists, it will be placed.
>>> from gemma import Fallback >>> >>> class TestData: ... a = None ... >>> test_data = TestData() >>> >>> to_place = Fallback("a") >>> to_place.place(test_data, "a attr") >>> >>> test_data.a 'a attr'
Same with an Index.
>>> data_dict = dict() >>> to_place.place(data_dict, "a dict") >>> data_dict {'a': 'a dict'}
Same with a method.
>>> class FetchMethod: ... def a(self, value): ... self.a = value ... >>> test_data = FetchMethod() >>> to_place.place(test_data, "a method") >>> test_data.a 'a method'
When an name has multiple compatible bearings, it takes the first method’s value that does not throw an exception.
>>> class TwoValid(dict): ... def a(self, value): ... self.a = value ... >>> data_dict = TwoValid() >>> to_place.place(data_dict, 'a value') >>> data_dict {'a': 'a value'} >>> data_dict.a <Item: 'a'>
Both
Item('a')
andCall('a')
would set valid values – (to a key and attribute respectively) – but sinceItem
is tried first and does not return an error, it is set to the dict’s key rather than overriding it’sa
method.
-
Casting Bearings¶
When casting a bearing directly, formatting is not parsed, unlike the method that
bearing()
below uses.
>>> from gemma import Item
>>>
>>> Item("[has_brackets]")
<Item: '[has_brackets]'>
>>>
>>> Item("no_brackets")
<Item: 'no_brackets'>
Values must pass the class’ BearingAbstract.is_compatible()
, if it does
not, TypeError
is raised.
>>> from gemma import Attr
>>>
>>> Attr(10)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: type <class 'int'> not allowed as <class 'gemma._bearings.Attr'>
When passing a bearing to another bearing, the original’s
BearingAbstract.name()
value is extracted before casting.
>>> original = Item('key_name')
>>> Attr(original)
<Attr: 'key_name'>
Sorting Bearings¶
Bearings are sorted in the following order:
By class
type
:Custom classes are sorted by class
__name__
Each class group is sorted by it’s value type’s
__name__
Within each value type, values are sorted by their respective sort methods.
Lets look as how the following list of bearings is sorted:
>>> from gemma import Item, Attr, Call, Fallback, BearingAbstract
We’re going to make a couple custom bearings to demonstrate how they sort:
>>> class Alpha(BearingAbstract):
... pass
...
>>> class Beta(BearingAbstract):
... pass
...
Here are our unsorted values:
>>> bearing_unsorted = [
... Fallback("b"),
... Call("b"),
... Alpha("b"),
... Attr("b"),
... Fallback("a"),
... Item("b"),
... Call("a"),
... Beta("b"),
... Item(2),
... Alpha("a"),
... Attr("a"),
... Item("a"),
... Attr("a"),
... Beta("a"),
... Item(1)
... ]
...
Sort them:
>>> bearings_sorted = sorted(bearing_unsorted)
Print sorted list to check:
>>> for this_bearing in bearings_sorted:
... print(repr(this_bearing))
...
<Item: 1>
<Item: 2>
<Item: 'a'>
<Item: 'b'>
<Attr: 'a'>
<Attr: 'a'>
<Attr: 'b'>
<Call: 'a'>
<Call: 'b'>
<Alpha: 'a'>
<Alpha: 'b'>
<Beta: 'a'>
<Beta: 'b'>
<Fallback: 'a'>
<Fallback: 'b'>
Checking Bearing Equality¶
- Bearings of the same type and
BearingAbstract.name()
value are considered equal: >>> Attr('a') == Attr('a') True
- Bearings of the same type and
- Bearings with different
BearingAbstract.name()
values are unequal. >>> Attr('a') == Attr('b') False
- Bearings with different
- Bearings of different types are always unequal.
>>> Attr('a') == Item('a') False
- Except the
Fallback
class… sometimes The
Fallback
class is equal to any type loaded into itsBEARING_CLASSES
field. By default, this makes it equal to anyItem
,Attr
,Call
orFallback
with the sameBearingAbstract.name()
value.>>> Fallback('a') == Attr('a') True >>> >>> Fallback('a') == Item('a') True >>> >>> Fallback('a') == Call('a') True
However, if we define an arbitrary class named
Alpha
, it will not be equal to a bearing with the same name.>>> class Alpha(BearingAbstract): ... pass ... >>> Fallback('a') == Alpha('a') False
If we create a Bearing with the
bearing()
factory method detailed below, using Alpha as one of its possibilities, the two values will be equal.>>> from gemma import bearing >>> >>> new_bearing = Fallback('a', bearing_classes=[Attr, Fallback, Alpha]) >>> new_bearing <Fallback: 'a'> >>> new_bearing == Alpha("a") True
This is because
bearing()
loads any fallbackFallback
objects.BEARING_CLASSES
field with the classes passed tobearing_classes
.
- Except the
Bearing Factory Method¶
The factory method that most default gemma
objects use when casting name values
to a bearing is:
-
gemma.
bearing
(name, bearing_classes=None, bearing_classes_extra=None)[source]¶ Factory function for bearing classes.
- Parameters
name (
Any
) – value for Bearing.namebearing_classes (
Optional
[List
[Type
[BearingAbstract
]]]) – list and order of bearing classes to attempt castingbearing_classes_extra (
Optional
[List
[Type
[BearingAbstract
]]]) – additional classes to add to bearing classes. Used to add to defaults whenbearing_classes
is set toNone
.
- Return type
BearingAbstract
- Returns
Bearing object
If
name
is a string, bearing will attempt to cast using each class’BearingAbstract.from_string()
method.Otherwise, bearing attempts to cast to each class normally, passing
name
as a single argument to each__init__
method.The default list of classes to attempt are:
Item
,Call
,Attr
, andFallback
– in that order.Any bearing types passed to
bearing_classes_extra
are put ahead of the bearings inbearing_classes
.Casting formatted strings:
>>> from gemma import bearing >>> >>> bearing("[item_name]") <Item: 'item_name'> >>> >>> bearing("@attr_name") <Attr: 'attr_name'> >>> >>> bearing("call_name()") <Call: 'call_name'>
Passing a string which does not match any of the above class’ string conventions will result in a generic
Fallback
.>>> bearing("unknown_name") <Fallback: 'unknown_name'>
This Fallback class will be loaded with the methods of the other classes, if
bearing_classes
includes custom Bearings, those class’ methods will be added to the list. No need to make a custom subclass to extend the pool methods available toFallback
when using this factory.Passing a non-string will always result in an
Item
object with the default list, sinceItem
accepts all types, and is attempted first.>>> bearing(5) <Item: 5> >>> >>> bearing((5, 4)) <Item: (5, 4)>


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| Name | Division/grade | About me |
|---|---|---|
| Jesus Raul Cepin | Coach | I’m a Speech and Debate Coach who l |
| Sofiya Andreyeva | Coach | |
| Thelonius Lucien | 8th grade | I am an animal lover who seeks to find his passion in zoology. And debate I will gain scholarships becoming key to my growth as a debator. |
| Rachel Bochman | 8th grade | Not applicable |
| Jude Yang | 5th grade | An alien that eats whales |
| Nicholas Hayward | 5th grade | I am the Lasagna Theif |
| Amelia Petry | 7th grade | I am an Open Debater in 7th grade. |
| Kassandra Jazmin Sinchi | 5th grade | I am a dog that likes to eat dog treats!!! |
| Indigo Felix | 5th grade | IndigoPanda gaming, youtuber and debater I will debate on my deathbed |
| Jay Vazquez | 6th grade | I AM JAY VAZQUEZ!!!!!!!!!! |
| Axel Pedersen of Baxel | 6th grade | I am the most ageist one against 5th graders. Fused with Baran to become Baxel Pedowneysen makes a unstoppable force of annoyance |
| Tanaya Shah | 5th grade | An optimistic, quick thinking girl/A talkative and optimistic person. |
| Yosairee Orozco | 5th grade | I am a female kid who does policy debate |
| Athos Cespedes | 5th grade | |
| Baran Downey of Baxel | 6th grade | |
| Marie Fall | 8th grade | |
| Katherine "Katie" Hayward | 8th grade | A person |
| Alexander "Lex" Lopez | 8th grade | |
| Ean Kyle Tolbert | 8th grade | |
| Henrik "Hank" Tully | 5th grade | |
| Shiloh Williams | 7th grade | I am shiloh Williams, a sixth grader at MW who debates as a super fun hobby. It has taught me to speak up for myself |
| Yewon Yang | 8th grade |


Sam Curran determined to shake ‘vulnerable’ tag in England Test line-up
The 21-year-old wants to shine with bat and ball.
Sam Curran wants to shed his “vulnerable” tag if he is given the nod ahead of Chris Woakes for England’s first Test against New Zealand in Mount Maunganui this week.
The seam bowling all-rounder was England’s man of the series against India in a breakout summer last year but just two wickets in four Tests over the winter contributed to him being left out of the side when the Ashes started.
Curran was restored for the series finale at The Oval and his left-arm angle saw him preferred to Woakes in the final warm-up against New Zealand A in Whangarei, in what was thought to be instructive in how England will line-up against the Black Caps.
He was wicketless in the first innings and looked worryingly ineffective on an unresponsive surface but took three for 42 second time around to improve his hopes of being named in England’s XI on Thursday morning.
He said: “I think if I do get the chance, it is about nailing down my spot in the side and stop being the one that is vulnerable.
“That is my responsibility and whoever gets the spot, if it is me, has to take the opportunity by getting runs and taking wickets and contributing to the team.
“If I do get the nod hopefully I can go well and contribute with both bat and ball. That is my aim and as long as I’m helping to win games for the team then I’m happy.”
Curran’s efforts were not enough for a win at the Cobham Oval as the flat pitch and an ageing Kookaburra ball had the final say, with the ninth-wicket pairing of William Somerville and Ajaz Patel holding firm to secure a draw.
As England head south to Mount Maunganui on Monday, Curran and his bowling colleagues know they must find a way to make headway with the Kookaburra, traditionally less likely to dart around than the Dukes ball.
The 21-year-old said: “I think any bowler who bowls with a Kookaburra is going to say they prefer the Dukes but you’ve got to learn somehow.
“(Stuart Broad) has been saying he’s played abroad for 10 years now and you’ve got to learn to do this because every time you go on tour, this is what you’ve got.
“It is a great learning curve for me, but I’ve made some strides in this game and come up with a few different options so I’m pretty confident.”
Despite admirable averages in his fledgling 11-Test career – his batting (30.05) is slightly above his bowling (29), the true gauge for any all-rounder – Curran is striving to improve.
And in fellow all-rounder Ben Stokes, Curran admits he has the perfect role model.
He added: “As an all-rounder I look up to someone like Stokesy and the way he contributes with the bat up the order and he takes wickets when he bowls. That is what I aspire to do.
“Batting at number eight, you’re playing more for the bowling role but I still want to contribute with the bat. I don’t pick one, I train them both as hard as each other so when it comes to it I can contribute with bat and ball.”
If selected later this week, Curran is likely to be alongside Dom Sibley and Ollie Pope, players he has known since his schooldays.
Curran added: “It is great to be involved with my good schoolmates so it will be fun if we all take the park and hopefully we take that responsibility of nailing down our places and being the future.”


@(playerName : String, crewMembers : String, kittenImg : String, crew : Array[String])
You don't have enough crewmen to operate your ship.
@member


Exercise: Color Contrast
Evaluate the contrast of the text colors used in this style guide against the different backgrounds using Tanaguru (or another web-based contrast tool). Annotate: which combinations work, and which don't? What adjustments would you make so that all color combinations are accessible?
Background Colors
- Primary background:
- #E8E8E8
- Secondary background:
- #BFD0EC
- Footer background:
- #081633
Text Colors
- Body text:
- #3A3737
- Header text:
- #545151
- Link text:
- #1A6D8E
- Error message:
- #AA2929
- Footer text:
- #E8E8E8
- Header text (footer):
- #AAA7A5
- Link text (footer):
- #67CEF6


Howdy! Welcome to the "Settlers of Catan" board generator. This is an early version and will be upgraded in the future
I came up with the idea for the generator the first time I played Catan. Why shuffle and risk repetition, if you can leave the repetition to a randomizer
The spinning / highlighted tile is the tile where the "A" Token should be placed to determine the dice values for each resource
Please leave feedback and let me know if you like it and what would you like to see next
To get started, simply press the "Build Board" button below.


Easily control hover effects when on touch enabled devices. Add the class touch-hover
to any element with a hover effect then in the CSS as well as setting the pseudo :hover
class add a .hover
class too.

div:hover,
div.hover{
background:#f00;
}


Before Change
the model to read from / write to
self.use_tree_kernel = use_tree_kernel
whether to use tree kernels or not
if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
self.svm_learn_call = os.path.join(self.directory, "svm_learn")
self.svm_classify_call = os.path.join(self.directory, "svm_classify")
else:
After Change
the model to read from / write to
self.use_tree_kernel = use_tree_kernel
whether to use tree kernels or not
if sys.platform.startswith("linux") or sys.platform.startswith("darwin"):
self.svm_learn_call = os.path.join(self.directory, "svm_learn")
self.svm_classify_call = os.path.join(self.directory, "svm_classify")
else:


November 14
Then they that feared the Lord spake often one to another: and the Lord hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon his name. Malachi 3:16
Have you ever noticed that those who have the most exciting, faith-inspiring testimonies are those who've been under pressure at some time in their lives? They're the people who stayed faithful when the pressure was on. They're the people who believed God's promises of prosperity in the midst of desperate financial situations or trusted God for healing in the face of a terminal disease.
My friend, when you get into a hard spot, that's not the time to back out on God and begin to say, "Well, God, why did You let this happen to me?" It's not the time to stepback and reevaluate His faithfulness.
What I'm saying to you is this: When tough times keep dragging on and the situations around you seem to refuse to get in line with the promises of God, don't reevaluate God! He's not missing it, and He's not failing.
If you're going to reevaluate anything, reevaluate yourself! Look and see where you may have failed. If you still can't find out what the problem is, just say, "God, I don't know what's wrong here, and I'm asking You to show me. But one thing I know, the problem's not with You, and I continueto be moved by Your Word and not by circumstances." Then, when He reveals something to you, be quick to make changes.
I want to encourage you to stand firm and to keep honoring God with your words. The Lord is listening to you when the pressure is on. What is He going to hear?
Scripture Reading: Psalm 62


This is my paragraph. I'm using "p" tag.
I am Not your Negro by: James Baldwin.
I am Not your Negro was written by: James Baldwin.


I’m a positive, easy-going, open minded, weird creature, who developed a passion for things, that bring good vibrations in my life. A ride with a bike, people, music, watching sunsets, machine learning… The latter passion became my profession.
I discovered the potential of AI back in 2010 when it still wasn’t a hip. Ever since I have been adding experiences to my bag of skills in order to become an expert of the field. Read on to look into the bag.
I like to think about myself as an experienced python developer, that gets more excited the closer I get to a core of a problem. Algorithms, models, loss functions etc. I master them in keras and deploy them to aws.
Although this is my preferred tech stack I also speak fluently other programming languages, namely C++, C#, Scala, javascript; I’m no stranger to libraries such as TensorFlow or Theano; and I’m handy with other cloud technologies or database systems.
As much I enjoy the core of machine learning I’m also keen to see that this part is well composed into a project, therefore I like to participate in an architectural and pipeline design as well as data preprocessing and deployment.
I’m not a fan of disposable things, hence I like to approach each project in a plain manner, keeping an eye on potential long-term complexity. Well documented and tested code is a must. A simple and stable project is an aspiration.
For more details about my education, experiences and skills don’t hesitate to go through my CV or scroll down to get an insight into two interesting projects I’ve done.
Behavioural science draws conclusions through the results of behavioural observations. In particular, it is trying to predict animal's internal states and processes based on indirect measurements and/or observations of the animal's behaviour. Cognitive science endeavors for years on revealing the content of the black box, as revealing the inner workings between input (stimuli) and output (response).
The aim of our project was an implementation of a framework with models that imitate animal's behaviour and to evaluate, which model fits best animal's behaviour. This allows us to reveal the inner workings on the basis of very simple observations. The evaluation framework is composed of two components: models and evaluation. The framework's input are data, that describe a simple animal's behaviour in a form of trajectories in space and time. Models are fitted to the data, which in term generates new trajectories with fitted parameters. A newly generated trajectory is compared with an original one and an evaluation method returns an information about which model fits better to the inputs. The selected model reveals an underlying inner structure.
The framework was implemented on a basis of a pilot study. The design of the framework consists of two parts, divided into subparts:
To implement simulation we use Markov Decision Process theory, which represents agent's internal states, beliefs and desires, its planning process and its interaction with the environment and encodes environment's limits.
def simulate (self,
n=1000,
x0=0, y0=0, x_vel0=0, y_vel0=0, angular_vel0=0, heading0=0,
**_):
# The first state will be the original state
states = [pd.Series(dict(x=x0, y=y0,
x_vel=x_vel0, y_vel=y_vel0,
angular_vel=angular_vel0,
heading=heading0))]
# Run n steps
for _ in range(n):
# noinspection PyArgumentList
states.append(self.next(**states[-1]))
# Return a dataframe with all the observations, indexed by time [sec]
return pd.DataFrame(states, index=np.arange(n + 1) * self.dt)
To train an agent to imitate animals behaviour we used reinforcement learning. RL is a computational approach, that addresses the problem of how agents should learn to take actions to maximize cumulative reward through interactions with an environment.
def fit(self, model_type):
"""
Initializes TRPO (trust region policy optimization) algorithm and uses
it to train the model, determined with model_type. After the training,
the iteration that collected the best cumulative reward. A policy of
the iteration is saved to a blobal variable and the associated
trajectory saved to pickle file.
Parameters
----------
model_type : string
name of a model, that is to be fit to the ground truth trajectories.
Valid types are:
- 'object_approaching_model'
- 'object_avoidance_model'
- 'reflexive_goal_oriented_model'
Returns
-------
float
cumulative reward, collected at the best iteration
"""
episode_provider = Episodes(ground_truth_model=self.ground_truth_model,
fitting_model=fitting_model,
initial_observations=self.train_initial_observations,
snapshot_dir=self.directory,
train=True)
env = TrajectoryImitationEnv(episode_provider=episode_provider,
one_step_forecast=False)
self.norm_env = normalize(env, normalize_reward=True)
# creates an agent
policy = GaussianMLPPolicy(env_spec=self.norm_env.spec,
hidden_sizes=self.network_setup)
baseline = LinearFeatureBaseline(env_spec=self.norm_env.spec)
self.algo = TRPO(
env=self.norm_env,
policy=policy,
baseline=baseline,
n_itr=NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS,
store_paths=True,
discount=self.discount_factor,
n_samples=int(round(self.number_of_data * 0.66)),
batch_size=int(round(self.number_of_data * 0.66))
* self.max_path_length,
max_path_length=self.max_path_length
)
self.algo.train()
iteration_data_dict = joblib.load(op.join(self.model_directory,
('itr_%s.pkl'
% (NUMBER_OF_ITERATIONS - 1))))
cumulative_reward = self.get_cumulative_reward(iteration_data_dict)
self.policy = iteration_data_dict['policy']
[self.log_reconstructed_trajectory(path, index) for index, path in
enumerate(iteration_data_dict['paths'])]
return cumulative_reward
Each model stands for every hypothesis. It models animal’s behaviour and as such should be distinguished from an ML model. A model describes a trajectory in terms of differential equations using x, y positions, x, y velocities, angle, angular velocity and position of an object on agent's retina at each time point.
Three different models were implemented. A model that describes an animal approaching a goal, an animal that is avoiding an obstacle and reflexive & goal oriented model as a combination of first two.
def next(self, x, y, x_vel, y_vel, heading, angular_vel, **_):
"""
Method generates a next observation, based on given values, a previous
observation. For a calculation is using semi differential equations.
An angle between an agent heading and an object's direction dictates
the torque, which is multiplied by a scalar value, called gain.
Parameters
----------
x : float
x position of previous observation [m]
y : float
y position of previous observation [m]
x_vel : float
velocity along x axis of previous observation [m/s]
y_vel : float
velocity along y axis of previous observation [m/s]
heading : float
angle in which an agent is moving of prev observation,
in range [o, 2 * pi] [rad]
angular_vel : float
angular velocity of previous observation [rad/s]
Returns
-------
pd.Series
the calculated next observation
"""
# --- Avoid selfishness
dt = self.dt # s
mass = self.mass # kg
object_x, object_y = self.object_location # m
gain = self.gain # N * m / rad
rot_inertia = self.rot_inertia # kg * m^2
rot_damping = self.rot_damping # unitless
force_forward = self.force_forward # N
air_drag = self.air_drag # unitless
# force_lateral = self.force_lateral # N
# Rotational force due to attraction/repulsion towards object
agent_object_angle = math.atan2(object_y - y, object_x - x)
position_retina = wrap_pi_pi(agent_object_angle - heading)
torque = gain * position_retina # N * m
angular_velocity_new = angular_vel + dt / rot_inertia
* (- rot_damping * angular_vel + torque)
heading_new = heading + angular_vel * dt
# Velocities
x_vel_new = x_vel + dt / mass * (- air_drag * x_vel + force_forward
* math.cos(heading))
y_vel_new = y_vel + dt / mass * (- air_drag * y_vel + force_forward
* math.sin(heading))
# Positions
x_new = x + x_vel * dt
y_new = y + y_vel * dt
# Result dictionary (or named tuple or...)
new_state = {
'x': x_new, 'y': y_new,
'x_vel': x_vel_new, 'y_vel': y_vel_new,
'heading': heading_new,
'angular_vel': angular_velocity_new,
}
return pd.Series(new_state)
Training is guided through cumulative reward, which is a good metric to evaluate models.
Carsharing companies encounter plenty of unreported damages on cars, which ends up being quite costly. The idea of the project was to implement a system that would detect damages in real time using simple vibration sensors. To determine whether a signal means that actual damage occured or a driver was simply driving on a gravel we used a machine learning algorithm.
Each system gets calibrated for every type of a car. During calibration phase we collected signals and converted them into audio files. The data got preprocess and fit to a model. In production phase the data get stored in a cloud where a pretrained model is used for classification.
Autoencoder consist of two parts: an encoder and a decoder. Once fit the encoder compresses the data, whereas the decoder reconstructs an original signal. The general idea of autoencoder is that the model is trained only on non-anomalous data, therefore a compression and a reconstruction of an original signal of anomalous data will result in bigger reconstruction error.
An example of a model implementation:
@property
def model(self):
inp_e = Input((20, 800)) # here, you don't define the batch size
out_e = LSTM(units=80, return_sequences=False)(inp_e)
encoder = Model(inp_e, out_e)
inp_d = Input((80,))
out_d = Reshape((20, 4))(inp_d) # supposing 20 steps of 4 elements
out_d1 = LSTM(800, return_sequences=True)(out_d)
decoder = Model(inp_d, out_d1)
model = Model(encoder.inputs, decoder(encoder(encoder.inputs)))
return model
Next figure demonstrates a reconstruction error for anomalous and non-anomalous data. A figure demonstrates that a model was trained sufficiently well and that a threshold value could be set properly to separate classes based on reconstruction error:
As expected such model gives positive results. A figure plots ROC curve with AUC of 96,15 %:


Thand’usana Babies Safe Home Welfare
by Algoa FMPodcasts
We care for abandoned, abused and neglected babies and toddlers between the ages of birth to 3 years. We can accommodate 6 babies/toddlers at a time until a more permanent placement can be found for the child. When a permanent home is found for a child and they leave, another will take their place and so on. The children are brought to us via Social Workers.
We have recently installed a baby dropbox on our property, for mothers to safely leave their babies when they are unable to care for them.
One of our greatest success stories is that of our very first baby when Thand’usana opened in 2008. This abandoned baby now lives in Germany, with a German father and an Italian mother.
If you are interested in finding out how you can volunteer at our home, donate in any way, then please see the details below.
Contact person – Lorna Lamerton – Coordinator.
Address – 40 Third Avenue, Newton Park (situated on the grounds of the Newton Park Methodist Church)
Tel:<PHONE_NUMBER> cell:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Our banking details are :
Standard Bank, Pickering Street P.E., Marketlink Account, branch code 050017, account number: 083776931. Thand’usana Babies Safe Home.
We are always looking for donations of the following items.
Pampers or Huggies nappies, Formula (Nan Pelargon- orange tin, no’s 1 & 2), Nido 1+, baby toiletries (wet wipes, soap, Vaseline, shampoo, etc.), long life full cream milk, Weetbix, mielie meal, oats, baby porridges, Purity jars – veg & fruit (blue lids), any grocery or cleaning item will be welcome.
Our mail address is : Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can find us on: www.thandusana.co.za
To Donate: please go here to donate.


QImageEncoderSettings Class
The QImageEncoderSettings class provides a set of image encoder settings. More...
| Header: | #include <QImageEncoderSettings> |
| qmake: | QT += multimedia |
Public Functions
| QImageEncoderSettings() | |
| QImageEncoderSettings(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) | |
| ~QImageEncoderSettings() | |
| QString | codec() const |
| QVariant | encodingOption(const QString &option) const |
| QVariantMap | encodingOptions() const |
| bool | isNull() const |
| QMultimedia::EncodingQuality | quality() const |
| QSize | resolution() const |
| void | setCodec(const QString &codec) |
| void | setEncodingOption(const QString &option, const QVariant &value) |
| void | setEncodingOptions(const QVariantMap &options) |
| void | setQuality(QMultimedia::EncodingQuality quality) |
| void | setResolution(const QSize &resolution) |
| void | setResolution(int width, int height) |
| bool | operator!=(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) const |
| QImageEncoderSettings & | operator=(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) |
| bool | operator==(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) const |
Detailed Description
The QImageEncoderSettings class provides a set of image encoder settings.
A image encoder settings object is used to specify the image encoder settings used by QCameraImageCapture. Image encoder settings are selected by constructing a QImageEncoderSettings object, setting the desired properties and then passing it to a QCameraImageCapture instance using the QCameraImageCapture::setImageSettings() function.
QImageEncoderSettings imageSettings; imageSettings.setCodec("image/jpeg"); imageSettings.setResolution(1600, 1200); imageCapture->setEncodingSettings(imageSettings);
See also QImageEncoderControl.
Member Function Documentation
QImageEncoderSettings::QImageEncoderSettings()
Constructs a null image encoder settings object.
QImageEncoderSettings::QImageEncoderSettings(const QImageEncoderSettings &other)
Constructs a copy of the image encoder settings object other.
QImageEncoderSettings::~QImageEncoderSettings()
Destroys a image encoder settings object.
QString QImageEncoderSettings::codec() const
Returns the image codec.
See also setCodec().
QVariant QImageEncoderSettings::encodingOption(const QString &option) const
Returns the value of encoding option.
See also setEncodingOption() and encodingOptions().
QVariantMap QImageEncoderSettings::encodingOptions() const
Returns the all the encoding options as QVariantMap.
See also encodingOption() and setEncodingOptions().
bool QImageEncoderSettings::isNull() const
Identifies if a image encoder settings object is uninitalized.
Returns true if the settings are null, and false if they are not.
QMultimedia::EncodingQuality QImageEncoderSettings::quality() const
Returns the image encoding quality.
See also setQuality().
QSize QImageEncoderSettings::resolution() const
Returns the resolution of the encoded image.
See also setResolution().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setCodec(const QString &codec)
Sets the image codec.
See also codec().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setEncodingOption(const QString &option, const QVariant &value)
Set the encoding option value.
The supported set and meaning of encoding options are system and selected codec specific.
See also encodingOption() and setEncodingOptions().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setEncodingOptions(const QVariantMap &options)
Replace all the encoding options with options.
The supported set and meaning of encoding options are system and selected codec specific.
See also encodingOptions(), encodingOption(), and setEncodingOption().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setQuality(QMultimedia::EncodingQuality quality)
Sets the image encoding quality.
See also quality().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setResolution(const QSize &resolution)
Sets the resolution of the encoded image.
An empty QSize indicates the encoder should make an optimal choice based on what is available from the image source and the limitations of the codec.
See also resolution().
void QImageEncoderSettings::setResolution(int width, int height)
Sets the width and height of the resolution of the encoded image.
This is an overloaded function.
bool QImageEncoderSettings::operator!=(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) const
Determines if other is of equal value to a image encoder settings object.
Returns true if the settings objects are not of equal value, and false if they are of equal value.
QImageEncoderSettings &QImageEncoderSettings::operator=(const QImageEncoderSettings &other)
Assigns the value of other to a image encoder settings object.
bool QImageEncoderSettings::operator==(const QImageEncoderSettings &other) const
Determines if other is of equal value to a image encoder settings object.
Returns true if the settings objects are of equal value, and false if they are not of equal value.


Barcelona sporting director confirms Lionel Messi in contract talks with the club
Barcelona sporting director Eric Abidal has confirmed that the club are in talks with Lionel Messi over a new contract. The Argentine talisman’s future at the club had been put in doubt with multiple reports that he might move on to the Major League Soccer once his contract with the La Liga giants runs down.
However, Abidal has put those rumours to bed by revealing that the two parties are already in discussions. He went on to add that an update on the same will be given soon and that he is positive about the situation. Messi’s current contract with the club runs down in 2021.
“They are already talking,” Abidal told Mundo Deportivo. “I do not know if we will have news soon because the decision will depend on the player, but for us as a club I hope it is sorted as soon as possible.”
“It will be known when it is known, but I am positive.”
The former Barcelona defender added that talks with youngster Ansu Fati are underway as well.
“We are also talking to him,” he added. “He is a young player that we have to protect. We have to talk to his family and representatives.”


{% extends "_base.html" %} {% block content %}
We are sorry, but editing is only possible if you log in with a MusicBrainz account.


INSTRUCTIONS --
r- roll
n -for the new part
f - for entering the number of players
s - for saving the number of the players entered
numpad1 - for moving the part1
numpad2 - for moving the part2
numpad3 - for moving the part3
numpad4 - for moving the part4
numpad0 - for passing to the other person


| DOSE: |
5 hits |
oral |
LSD |
(blotter / tab) |
My next door nieghbor and i do a lot of acid but he was in charter during this time so he came home on pass. i went over to his house and we decided to get some acid. so i was looking all day but couldn't find any so i was gonna go to the store with this one crazy guy who buys me beer and he asked this guy if he had any weed he said no but he had acid. so i met up with him at his apartment complex and got 14 hits of acid. went back to my house and called my friend and he came over so we each ate 5 hits of mad hatter acid.
i started to feel real fucked up really fast so i told my friend to go home and call me in a half an hour, because i felt like i couldn't even talk or move so when he did not call me in 2 hours i went up to his balcony and opened his window i thought i saw two people in there but i was trippin' hard so he jumps out of his window naked and pushed me! and i said what the hell are you doing and he kept on saying he was a pure ball of energy. so i said put some clothes on and lets go to the park, because we had this park in our nieghborhood we liked to trip in. but he didnt and just climbed down his balcony naked and started walking around.
then my other friend showed up to buy the reamaining 4 hits i had. and my friend tried to push him and he socked him but it didnt faze him. so he started walking down a main roud at like 3:30 am and i stayed in front of his house trying to think of what to do when i saw a cop car fly by so i went down to the corner and my friend got mased by a cop and when the cops asked me if i had any lsd tonight i said no and they shined the light in my eyes and still didnt know!!!!!!! but the cops face was just melting but i will never forget that night ......it's stuck in my mind.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


#include <image_ops.h>
Decode the first frame of a GIF-encoded image to a uint8 tensor.
GIF with frame or transparency compression are not supported convert animated GIF from compressed to uncompressed by:
convert $src.gif -coalesce $dst.gif
This op also supports decoding JPEGs and PNGs, though it is cleaner to use tf.image.decode_image
.
Arguments:
Returns:
Output
: 4-D with shape [num_frames, height, width, 3]
. RGB order
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
DecodeGif(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input contents)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
image
|
|
operation
|
Public functions |
|
|---|---|
node() const
|
::tensorflow::Node *
|
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
|
|
operator::tensorflow::Output() const
|
|
::tensorflow::Output image
Operation operation
DecodeGif( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input contents )
::tensorflow::Node * node() const
operator::tensorflow::Input() const
operator::tensorflow::Output() const


This page creates live-cards out of objects, comparable in functionality to DAT.gui, only this is automatically synced, automatically adds and removes guis whenever objects come and go, has additional support for component cards, which are cards specialized for my class library AND is remote, meaning it can run wherever you want, even on phones...
To use this remote, first fire up the server, then open both this page and a client.
You can try these clients the demo example or my demo game, which uses the component cards.


java.lang.Object Simulator
public class Simulator
A simple predator-prey simulator, based on a field containing rabbits and foxes.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
Simulator()
Construct a simulation field with default size. |
|
Simulator(int depth,
int width)
Create a simulation field with the given size. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
reset()
Reset the simulation to a starting position. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public Simulator()
public Simulator(int depth, int width)
depth
- Depth of the field. Must be greater than zero.width
- Width of the field. Must be greater than zero.| Method Detail |
|---|
public void reset()


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/179818-Lean-Together-2019/topic/Guinea.20pigs.20wanted!.html ---
Due to popular demand, I hacked up something in the vscode extension. Interested victims can now build the git version of the extension and try out ctrl+shift+p "open documentation view" and then try "try it!".
This is cool! I did miss having a button or command to navigate "back" in the history of the documentation viewer. Adding that might involve having to write a history feature, though. An alternative might be just to add links at the top of the webview to the manual and TPIL and to somehow change the CSS so that the section navigation sidebar is more accessible, since for me the editor width is usually narrow enough that I have to scroll to the bottom to see it.
When I launch the debugger mode to use this new feature it tells me "Activating extension 'jroesch.lean' failed: Cannot find module 'axios'."
Oh, I forgot to npm install
, sorry about the noise
It is awesome :open_mouth:
I agree with Bryan that it would be even better with a navigation history. But more importantly it would be much better if the hardcoded list of books could be extended by typing in urls. This way Kevin (who is already using Sphynx) could tell people to try his url. It would be also very nice to allow using a local download so that we can continue learning Lean offline
For people who didn't follow the story, I should add that this feature is something I've requested on the bus this morning around 8:45. Then Gabriel attended the documentation discussion sessions between 9 and 10:30, when I requested it again, and was seconded by popular clamor. And this was added to the VScode extension at 13:59. That's how efficient Gabriel is.
Can someone say what the feature does?
It open either TPIL or the reference manual in VScode, as you would see it online. But when you click the little "Try it!" links it opens the Lean file in VScode which then uses your local install of Lean instead of the javascript one!
@Gabriel Ebner if you need more guinea pigs then I guess you should ask on the general stream
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Version 0.4.2 (2011-08-08)
- FIX: Changed Capistrano task to minify assets inside latest release path,
not previous release path. (Thanks, sauliusg!)
- FIX: Fixed deprecation warnings when running Rake tasks. (Thanks, jsonperl!)
Version 0.4.1 (2011-05-06)
- FIX: Stopped `gem install asset_hat` from foolishly requiring itself.
Version 0.4.0 (2011-05-06)
- FEATURE: Added Rails 3 support.
- FEATURE: Added support for loading JavaScript files via LABjs: `<%=
include_js :jquery, :bundles => %[plugins app], :loader => :lab_js %>`.
(Provides only basic LABjs support. To build custom JS logic, use the new
`:only_url` option.)
- FEATURE: Added support for getting asset URLs, e.g.: `<%= include_css
‘foo’, :bundle => ‘bar’, :only_url => true %>`,
`<%= include_js :jquery, ‘foo’, :bundle => ‘bar’,
:only_url => true %>`.
Version 0.3.1 (2011-04-02)
- IMPROVEMENT: Added tolerance for `.css` and `.js` extensions in assets.yml,
even though you don’t need them.
- IMPROVEMENT: Added support for symbols as bundle names, e.g., `include_js
:bundle => :application`. Thanks, daphonz!
- FIX: Worked around a JSMin bug that causes an error when JS ends with a
comment and no line break.
Version 0.3.0 (2010-12-08)
- FEATURE: Added ERb support in `config/assets.yml`.
- FEATURE: Added support for auto-creating SSL versions of every stylesheet.
- FEATURE: Added support for loading remote JS via SSL. Includes loading
popular JS from `ajax.googleapis.com` or your own
CDN.
- FEATURE: Added support for `FORMAT=long|short|dot` flags for `rake
asset_hat:minify`. Useful for shortening output from deployment scripts.
- FEATURE: Added support for absolute paths in `config/assets.yml`. Allows
pointing to assets directly inside `public/`.
- FEATURE: Added `asset_hat:minify:css` and `asset_hat:minify:js` Rake task
aliases.
- IMPROVEMENT: Updated default CSS minification engine to remove rules that
have empty declaration blocks.
- IMPROVEMENT: Stopped pre-caching asset commit IDs when launching console.
- IMPROVEMENT: Added support for single/double quotation marks in `url()` CSS
when adding asset hosts and cache busters
- FIX: Fixed adding asset commit IDs to URLs containing “?” in
stylesheets.
Version 0.2.1 (2010-07-21)
- FEATURE: Added WebFont Loader to supported JS vendors.
- FIX: Stopped adding asset hosts to `url(/htc/...)` URLs because IE 6, by
default, refuses to run .htc files from other domains, including CDN
subdomains.
Version 0.2.0 (2010-06-10)
- FEATURE: Added support for loading many more JS vendors from Google’s
CDN, including Prototype, MooTools, and SWFObject.
- FEATURE: Cleaned up existing docs, and added complete RDoc documentation.
- FEATURE: Added example integration script for Capistrano deployments.
Version 0.1.5 (2010-03-11)
- FIX: Fixed fetching asset commit IDs in some environments. The bug was
possibly caused by older versions of Git, which fail to read logs properly
when given absolute paths, rather than relative paths.
- FIX: Stopped app tests from running twice in some environments.
Version 0.1.4 (2010-03-03)
- FIX: Fixed config filepaths in `asset_hat:config` task.
Version 0.1.3 (2010-03-03)
- FIX: Allowed adding commit IDs and asset hosts to `url(/htc/...)` URLs
(e.g., `/htc/iepngfix.htc`) in CSS, not just images.
- FIX: Changed `AssetHat.config` to memoize
only if `cache?` is true. In development environments, this means the
config file will be reread with every request.
Version 0.1.2 (2010-01-27)
- IMPROVEMENT: Memoized HTML output from `include_css` and `include_js` when
`AssetHat.cache?` is true.
Version 0.1.1 (2010-01-20)
- FIX: Rewrote `AssetHat::VERSION` to be based on `VERSION.yml`.
- FIX: Prefixed `AssetHat::CONFIG_FILEPATH` with `RAILS_ROOT`, which fixes
ability to run an app’s individual test files.
Version 0.1.0 (2010-01-19)


Server not needed to test (project currently configured to connect to wss://echo.websocket.org), but code included for experimentation.
WARNING: Anime girls showing off lots of cleavage in this video: Original tutorial


28 September 2012 - As of 28 September 2012, no additional confirmed cases due to infection with the novel coronavirus have been reported to WHO.
WHO is working closely with the national authorities of the involved countries (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom) and international partners in order to better understand the public health risk from the novel coronavirus.
From the information available thus far, it appears that the novel coronavirus cannot be easily transmitted from person-to-person.
Given the severity of the two laboratory confirmed cases, WHO is continuing to monitor the situation in order to provide the appropriate response, expertise and support to its Member States.
Rapid progress has been made in the characterization of the novel coronavirus, and in the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic assays. WHO is collaborating with partner laboratories to make these available as quickly as possible. It is anticipated that the first batch of reagents, together with information and testing algorithms, will be available for urgent testing within the coming days.
Tests for novel coronavirus infection of patients under investigation - based on the case definition issued by WHO – are currently available by some partner laboratories. National Health Authorities can contact these laboratories through WHO.
WHO continues to inform its Member States through the designated National Focal Points under the International Health Regulations (2005).
No travel or trade restrictions have been recommended by WHO for Saudi Arabia or Qatar with respect to the novel coronavirus infections.


Geoff Regan among the MPs who want to preside over House of Commons
by The Canadian Press, StaffOTTAWA -- Geoff Regan, who presided over the House of Commons as Speaker for the past four years, wants to reprise his role in the new session of Parliament.
The Halifax Liberal MP plans to let his name stand among those who want to be the referee in what's likely to be a fractious Commons following last month's bruising election campaign that returned Justin Trudeau's Liberals with a minority government.
The new session is to start on Dec. 5 and the first order of business will be for MPs to elect a new Speaker.
Speaker's office spokeswoman Heather Bradley said Regan "would welcome the opportunity to place his experience as Speaker in the (last) 42nd Parliament at the service of the House of Commons and will therefore be letting his name stand as a candidate for the position of Speaker."
There are thought to be at least three others who will leave their names in the running: Bruce Stanton, a Conservative MP who served as deputy Speaker in the last session, Anthony Rota, a Liberal MP from northern Ontario who served in the last session as assistant deputy Speaker, and Carol Hughes, a New Democrat MP who also served as assistant deputy Speaker.
Any MP who does not specifically remove his or her name from the ballot is considered to be in the running for the post, which carries with it a substantial salary hike (about $255,000), a private apartment near the Commons and a country estate in Gatineau, Que., known as The Farm.
Members of Parliament will vote by preferential ballot for the new Speaker and later the same day the Trudeau government intends to present a throne speech outlining its agenda for the new session.
The vote on the throne speech will be the first test of confidence in the new minority government.
The Liberals will need the support of at least the Bloc Quebecois or New Democratic parties in order to survive the confidence vote.
Defeat on a confidence vote would constitute defeat of the government, after which Gov. Gen. Julie Payette would have to decide whether to call an election or give Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer a chance to see whether he could gain the confidence of the House.
The House of Commons will sit for just seven days, until Dec. 13, before breaking for the holidays. It is not scheduled to resume again until Jan. 27.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on Nov. 13, 2019.


Learning Personalization and Discovery: The right learning for the right person at the right time Lee Wasson, Matthew Valencius, & Nabeel Ahmad IBM Center for Advanced Learning Executive Summary IBM invests heavily in training and development to enable IBMers to do their jobs. The company's “Learning Catalog” contains more than 47,000 different activities. Its intranet contains more than 10 million pages. Managing so much content requires efficient governance and intelligent technology -- not just for organizing it but also making it “findable” by IBMers and personalized for the individual user. IBM's Center for Learning and Development is addressing this challenge with a capability called "Learning Personalization and Discovery." The Center is creating and promoting the adoption of applications, services and logic for finding, personalizing and delivering relevant learning to IBMers based on who they are and what they are trying to accomplish. This work is an important component of bringing learning closer to the work. It addresses challenges faced by many large companies and governments. This article…:


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formurlator v0.1.1 Documentation
formurlator is a JavaScript library meant to synchronize a set of DOM elements with a query string in the URL.
To use this library, attach it:

formurlator.min.js
alongside oojs library
Defining parameters for elements
You must define the DOM elements with their query parameters before the system can synchronize the values. To do that, add on initialization:
formurlator.add( {
name: document.getElementById( 'name' ),
age: document.getElementById( 'age' ),
color: document.getElementById( 'color' ),
commute: document.getElementById( 'commute' ),
like: document.getElementById( 'like' ),
workpref: document.getElementsByName( 'workpref' )
} );
The allowed definition is either a single Element
, a NodeList
or an Array of Element
s.
The above definition will connect to the DOM elements and produce the URL query:
?name=xx&age=0&color=xx&commute=xx&like=1&workpref=xx
Reading data from DOM values
Some DOM elements have possible extra definitions that the system can read.
Limits for type="number"
To make sure the system follows a limit for an input that handles numbers, you can add the limits in the DOM definition:
<input type="number" min="10" max="120">
This will ensure that all values follow the limit. If values in the URL query are outside the limit, they will be corrected to fit inside that limit (if they are above the limit, they will be corrected to be the max, and if they're under the limit they will be corrected to the minimum)
Presets: using <select>
If a DOM element is provided with a select option, only the values provided are considered valid. If a value is produced that is invalid, it is corrected to the first value in the option set.
For example, to have a preset parameter colors
that only allows the options "red", "blue", "green" and "yellow", you can produce the following DOM:
<select id="input-colors">
<option value="red">Red</option>
<option value="blue">Blue</option>
<option value="green">Green</option>
<option value="yellow">Yellow</option>
</select>
This DOM element, when given to the system, will produce a url parameter ?color=xx
where the value is always one of the given values in the options.
Presets: using radio group
Another option is to use a radio group. The behavior is similar to the select, in that the system will only allow and always correct to a value that already exists as one of the options.
For example, to use the same behavior as before, allowing for parameter colors
with options "red", "blue", "green" and "yellow", use the following DOM element definition:
<input type="radio" name="color" id="color-red" value="red">Red
<input type="radio" name="color" id="color-blue" value="blue">Blue
<input type="radio" name="color" id="color-green" value="green">Green
<input type="radio" name="color" id="color-yellow" value="yellow">Yellow
There are two main ways to deliver this to the formurlator system; either by giving a NodeList
:
formurlator.add( { color: document.getElementsByName( 'color' ) } );
or as an array of elements
formurlator.add( { color: [
document.getElementById( 'color-red' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-blue' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-green' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-yellow' ),
] } );
Presets: using a checkbox group
A checkbox group can provide the feature of having preset options in a multi-selection of values.
The same example from above, with a parameter color
and values "red", "blue", "green" and "yellow", use the following DOM element definition:
<input type="checkbox" name="color" id="color-red" value="red">Red
<input type="checkbox" name="color" id="color-blue" value="blue">Blue
<input type="checkbox" name="color" id="color-green" value="green">Green
<input type="checkbox" name="color" id="color-yellow" value="yellow">Yellow
Similarly to the radio group, there are two ways to provide the system with these options; either by giving a NodeList
:
formurlator.add( { color: document.getElementsByName( 'color' ) } );
or as an array of elements
formurlator.add( { color: [
document.getElementById( 'color-red' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-blue' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-green' ),
document.getElementById( 'color-yellow' ),
] } );
Presets: using <select multiple>
Another method of creating a parameter that allows multiple values from within a preset, you can use the <select multiple>
element. It works similarly to the <select>
option but allows for multiple values.
For example, to have a preset parameter colors
that allows for multiple selection between the options "red", "blue", "green" and "yellow", you can produce the following DOM:
<select id="input-colors" multiple>
<option value="red">Red</option>
<option value="blue">Blue</option>
<option value="green">Green</option>
<option value="yellow">Yellow</option>
</select>
This DOM element, when given to the system, will produce a url parameter ?color=xx,yy,zz
where the values are always from the given values in the options.
Updating an Element value
There might be times where you'd like to specifically update an element value. In these cases, you can use:
formurlator.set( 'name', newValue );
This will change the DOM element and the URL query both. It might be useful when you have external JS code that needs to call for specific DOM value changes and may not trigger the 'change' event for the element.
Starting / stopping
By default, the system will start synchronizing immediately. You can stop listening for individual elements by calling formurlator.stop( [param-name] )
:
formurlator.stop( 'name' );
This will stop listening to changes (either from the URL or from the DOM) and not synchronize the values to the URL params.
You can start (or start again) listening to an element by calling formurlator.start( [param-name] );
:
formurlator.start( 'name' );
This will resume listening to DOM value changes. It will immediately update the URL with the current DOM value, and continue synchronizing the value to the url query.
You can also stop or start the entire system by calling stop and start without parameters:
formurlator.stop();
formurlator.start();
Initial 'stop' mode
By default, adding elements will immediately synchronize their status with the URL. If you want to change this feature, and have your parameters (or any added ones) first start inert, you can reload the formurlator system with { active: false }
configuration:
formurlator.reload( { active: false } );
This will reload formurlator in a state where any .add() method will start in inert ('stop') mode, and will require you to specifically state formurlator.start()
without parameters to start the entire parameter-set or for each individual parameter.
This might be a good solution in case you have several scripts that initialize, change DOM values or change the URL before you want to start the synchronization.


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Initializes a new instance of the LoggingEvent class using specific data.
This constructor is provided to allow a LoggingEvent to be created independently of the log4net framework. This can be useful if you require a custom serialization scheme.
Use the GetLoggingEventData method to obtain an instance of the LoggingEventData class.
The fixedData parameter should be used to specify which fields in the data struct have been preset. Fields not specified in the fixedData will be captured from the environment if requested or fixed.
LoggingEvent Class | log4net.Core Namespace | LoggingEvent Constructor Overload List