The First Fleet arrived from Great Britain in 1788 to set up a convict settlement for the British Government. The commander of the First Fleet was Captain Arthur Phillip.
On Australia Day, large and small communities across Australia celebrate all that is great about Australia and being Australian. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
Anzac Day is a solemn day when we remember the sacrifice of all Australians who served and died in wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. We also honour the courage and commitment of all servicemen and women.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He brought the first fleet of 11 ships safely from Britain to the other side of the world. He took great care over the feeding and welfare of the convicts and very few died on the voyage. Captain Arthur Phillip led the First Fleet into Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. It is on the anniversary of this day that we celebrate Australia Day each year.
The Australian National Flag is blue, white and red. The Southern Cross, on the right, is a group of stars we see in the southern sky.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is in the top left corner. The flag represents our history of British settlement.
On 26 January each year, we celebrate Australia Day. Australia Day is a public holiday in every state and territory in Australia. On the eve of Australia Day, the Prime Minister announces the Australian of the Year Awards in Canberra.
Anzac Day is observed on 25 April each year. Anzac Day is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I on 25 April 1915. Anzac Day is a solemn day when we remember the sacrifice of all Australians who served and died in wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. We also honour the courage and commitment of all servicemen and women.
Australia Day is the day that we honour our history and all the people who have made this nation great. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together. For this reason, it is a day when many citizenship ceremonies are held across the country.
Anzac Day is observed on 25 April each year. Anzac Day is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I on 25 April 1915. The anniversary of the landing on Gallipoli (25 April) is now a national holiday. It is called Anzac Day.
The Australian National Flag is the official flag of our nation. The Australian National Flag is blue, white and red. It has three important parts: The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is in the top left corner. The flag represents our history of British settlement. The Commonwealth Star is under the Union Jack. This star has seven points, one point for each of the six states and one for the territories. The Southern Cross, on the right, is a group of stars we see in the southern sky.
The Australian National Flag is the official flag of our nation. Other flags that are officially recognised and may be flown in the community include the Australian Aboriginal Flag and the Torres Strait Islander Flag.
The Southern Cross, on the right, is a group of stars we see in the southern sky.
The Australian National Flag has three important parts: The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is in the top left corner. The flag represents our history of British settlement. The Commonwealth Star is under the Union Jack. This star has seven points, one point for each of the six states and one for the territories. The Southern Cross, on the right, is a group of stars we see in the southern sky.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is in the top left corner. The flag represents our history of British settlement.
The Commonwealth Star is under the Union Jack. This star has seven points, one point for each of the six states and one for the territories.
On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
The group of 11 ships which set out from Britain under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On Australia Day we remember the landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.
In the 17th century, European explorers discovered parts of what they called ‘Terra Australis Incognita’, the unknown land of the south.
The Commonwealth Star is under the Union Jack. This star has seven points, one point for each of the six states and one for the territories.
On the eve of Australia Day, the Prime Minister announces the Australian of the Year Awards in Canberra.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, migration levels rose and fell. There were programs to actively encourage British migrants to settle here, and many did.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for building permits.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is in the top left corner. The flag represents our history of British settlement.
At the citizenship ceremony, you pledge your loyalty to Australia and its people. It is therefore important for you to have an understanding of Australia’s community and population, including our Indigenous heritage.
Australia is one of the world’s oldest land masses. It is the sixth largest country in the world. It is also the driest inhabited continent, so in most parts of Australia water is a very precious resource.
The Australian National Flag is the official flag of our nation. Other flags that are officially recognised and may be flown in the community include the Australian Aboriginal Flag and the Torres Strait Islander Flag.
Australia’s national colours are green and gold, the colours of the golden wattle. The uniforms of our national sports teams are usually green and gold.
You have the right to apply for an Australian passport. As an Australian citizen, you are free to travel overseas and return to Australia. You do not need a visa to come back to Australia.
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 is the legal document that sets out the basic rules for the government of Australia. The Australian Constitution was originally passed as part of a British Act of Parliament in 1900. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia.
European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the ‘First Fleet’, arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.
The party or coalition of parties with the second largest number of members in the House of Representatives is known as the Opposition. Its leader is called the Leader of the Opposition.
In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties. According to Section 2 of the Australian Constitution, the Governor-General is appointed by the Queen to be Her Majesty's representative in Australia. They are appointed on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, usually for a term of five years.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
Australia Day is the day that we honour our history and all the people who have made this nation great. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together. For this reason, it is a day when many citizenship ceremonies are held across the country.
There are six states and two mainland territories in Australia. Each state has its own constitution and its own parliament. State and territory governments are based in their capital cities.
Australia’s first inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They are the Indigenous people of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous cultures are the oldest continuing cultures in the world. Historically, Aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania. They have lived here for between 40 000 and 60 000 years.
Australia’s first inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They are the Indigenous people of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous cultures are the oldest continuing cultures in the world. Torres Strait Islanders are from islands to the north of Queensland. They have a distinct cultural identity. Indigenous people share common beliefs and traditions that still guide them today. They have a deep connection with the land that is expressed in their stories, art and dance.
Torres Strait Islanders are from islands to the north of Queensland. They have a distinct cultural identity. Torres Strait Islanders are from the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Torres Strait Islanders share many cultural similarities with the people of Papua New Guinea and other Pacific islands.
Australia’s national flower is the golden wattle. This small tree grows mainly in south-eastern Australia. It has bright green leaves and many golden yellow flowers in spring. Each of the states and territories of Australia also has its own floral emblem.
Australia’s Head of State is the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. Australia is a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy is a country in which a king or queen is the head of state but has to act in accordance with the constitution.
European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the ‘First Fleet’, arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.
Early free settlers were from Great Britain and Ireland. This British and Irish heritage has had a major influence on Australia’s history, culture and political institutions.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states and territories. There are six states and two mainland territories. Canberra is Australia’s capital city, and each state and mainland territory has its own capital.
European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the ‘First Fleet’, arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He overcame many problems in the first few years of European settlement. The colony survived and as more convicts and free settlers arrived, it grew and developed. More colonies were established in other parts of the country.
The Australian Constitution can only be changed through a special vote called a referendum. a vote by all voters on a proposed change to the Australian Constitution. In a 1967 referendum, the people voted to count Indigenous Australians in the census.
Historically, Aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania. They have lived here for between 40 000 and 60 000 years.
The Indigenous cultures of Australia are the oldest continuing cultures in the world. The Indigenous cultures of Australia are the oldest continuing cultures in the world. Australia’s Indigenous people have lived here for between 40 000 and 60 000 years.
At this time British laws were harsh and the jails could not hold the large number of people imprisoned for their crimes. To manage this problem, the British Government decided to transport these convicts to the other side of the world; to the new colony of New South Wales.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He overcame many problems in the first few years of European settlement. The colony survived and as more convicts and free settlers arrived, it grew and developed. More colonies were established in other parts of the country.
Early free settlers were from Great Britain and Ireland. This British and Irish heritage has had a major influence on Australia’s history, culture and political institutions.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He brought the first fleet of 11 ships safely from Britain to the other side of the world. He took great care over the feeding and welfare of the convicts and very few died on the voyage.
The group of 11 ships which set out from Britain under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On Australia Day we remember the landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.
Torres Strait Islanders are from islands to the north of Queensland. They have a distinct cultural identity.
At the citizenship ceremony, you pledge your loyalty to Australia and its people. It is therefore important for you to have an understanding of Australia’s community and population, including our Indigenous heritage. It is also important for you to understand how Australia developed from its uncertain beginnings as a British colony to the stable and successful multicultural nation it is today.
Captain Phillip led the First Fleet into Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. It is on the anniversary of this day that we celebrate Australia Day each year.
Australia’s first inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They are the Indigenous people of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous cultures are the oldest continuing cultures in the world.
Torres Strait Islanders are from islands to the north of Queensland. They have a distinct cultural identity.
The group of 11 ships which set out from Britain under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On Australia Day we remember the landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune. Chinese people arriving at this time were the first large group of migrants not from Europe. In 10 years, the population more than doubled.
European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the ‘First Fleet’, arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.
Historically, Aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania. They have lived here for between 40 000 and 60 000 years.
Australia’s first inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They are the Indigenous people of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous cultures are the oldest continuing cultures in the world.
Early free settlers were from Great Britain and Ireland. This British and Irish heritage has had a major influence on Australia’s history, culture and political institutions.
European settlement started when the first 11 convict ships, which became known as the ‘First Fleet’, arrived from Great Britain on 26 January 1788.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune. Chinese people arriving at this time were the first large group of migrants not from Europe. In 10 years, the population more than doubled.
Torres Strait Islanders are from islands to the north of Queensland. They have a distinct cultural identity.
Australia’s first inhabitants were the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. They are the Indigenous people of Australia. Australia’s Indigenous cultures are the oldest continuing cultures in the world.
Australia Day is the day that we honour our history and all the people who have made this nation great. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together. For this reason, it is a day when many citizenship ceremonies are held across the country.
At this time British laws were harsh and the jails could not hold the large number of people imprisoned for their crimes. To manage this problem, the British Government decided to transport these convicts to the other side of the world; to the new colony of New South Wales.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He overcame many problems in the first few years of European settlement. The colony survived and as more convicts and free settlers arrived, it grew and developed. More colonies were established in other parts of the country.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He overcame many problems in the first few years of European settlement. The colony survived and as more convicts and free settlers arrived, it grew and developed. More colonies were established in other parts of the country.
Australia’s national language is English. It is part of our national identity. Everyone in Australia is encouraged to learn and use English to help them participate in Australian society. Communicating in English is also important for making the most of living and working in Australia. Other languages are also valued. In Australia’s diverse society, over 200 languages are spoken.
Over one quarter of Australia’s residents were born overseas, and have migrated from over 200 countries.
A wave of non-British migration came after World War II, when millions of people in Europe had to leave their homelands. Large numbers came to Australia to build a new life.
Judicial power: Judges have the power to interpret and apply the law. Courts and judges are independent of parliament and government.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states. Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by the gold rush of the 1850s. Victoria’s capital city is Melbourne.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states and territories. There are six states and two mainland territories. Canberra is Australia’s capital city, and each state and mainland territory has its own capital.
New South Wales was the first colony established by the British. Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections.
Canberra is Australia’s capital city, and each state and mainland territory has its own capital.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states and territories. There are six states and two mainland territories.
In 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
A wave of non-British migration came after World War II, when millions of people in Europe had to leave their homelands. Large numbers came to Australia to build a new life.
In Australia’s diverse society, over 200 languages are spoken.
In 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia. At that time, Australia’s population was counted at about four million people. This number did not include the Indigenous people.
Australia has a population of about 24 million people and one of the most diverse societies in the world. Indigenous Australians make up 2.5 per cent of the total population. Over one quarter of Australia’s residents were born overseas, and have migrated from over 200 countries. The diversity of the population provides Australia with a rich variety of languages, beliefs, traditions and cultures.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states and territories. There are six states and two mainland territories.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune. Chinese people arriving at this time were the first large group of migrants not from Europe. In 10 years, the population more than doubled.
In 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia. At that time, Australia’s population was counted at about four million people. This number did not include the Indigenous people.
Australia has a Judaeo-Christian heritage, and many Australians describe themselves as Christians. Australia has public holidays on Christian days such as Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Christmas Day. However, the government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
Queensland is the second largest state. It has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune.
Queensland has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast.
Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city. Sydney’s Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.
South Australia has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions. Adelaide, the capital city, has many examples of fine colonial architecture.
Queensland is the second largest state. It has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast. Queensland’s capital city is Brisbane.
New South Wales was the first colony established by the British. Governor Phillip set up the first colony in New South Wales.
Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city. Sydney’s Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune.
The Australian Capital Territory is situated between Sydney and Melbourne. It is the site of the nation’s capital city, Canberra. Canberra is home to important national institutions, such as Parliament House and the High Court of Australia.
New South Wales was the first colony established by the British. The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
Queensland is the second largest state. It has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast. Queensland’s capital city is Brisbane.
Western Australia is home to many large mining projects. About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth, the capital city.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states. Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by the gold rush of the 1850s.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states. Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by the gold rush of the 1850s. Victoria’s capital city is Melbourne.
Early free settlers were from Great Britain and Ireland. This British and Irish heritage has had a major influence on Australia’s history, culture and political institutions.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
The Australian Capital Territory is situated between Sydney and Melbourne. It is the site of the nation’s capital city, Canberra.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
South Australia has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions. Adelaide, the capital city, has many examples of fine colonial architecture.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area. The state is home to many large mining projects.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area. The state is home to many large mining projects. About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth, the capital city.
Canberra is home to important national institutions, such as Parliament House and the High Court of Australia.
On 26 January each year, we celebrate Australia Day. Australia Day is a public holiday in every state and territory in Australia. On Australia Day, large and small communities across Australia celebrate all that is great about Australia and being Australian. It is the biggest annual public event in Australia.
Canberra is home to important national institutions, such as Parliament House and the High Court of Australia.
South Australia has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions. Adelaide, the capital city, has many examples of fine colonial architecture.
Western Australia is home to many large mining projects. About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area.
About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth, the capital city.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The blue panel in the centre represents the sea.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
On 26 January each year, we celebrate Australia Day. Australia Day is a public holiday in every state and territory in Australia. On Australia Day, large and small communities across Australia celebrate all that is great about Australia and being Australian. It is the biggest annual public event in Australia.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The white dancer’s headdress in the centre is a symbol for all Torres Strait Islanders.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The colour white is a symbol of peace.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The green stripes represent the land.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. The yellow circle represents the sun.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The black lines represent the Torres Strait Islander people.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white. The points of the white star represent the island groups in the Torres Strait.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land.
The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white.
Australia Day is the day that we honour our history and all the people who have made this nation great. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together. For this reason, it is a day when many citizenship ceremonies are held across the country.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white.
Anzac Day is observed on 25 April each year. Anzac Day is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I on 25 April 1915. Anzac Day is a solemn day when we remember the sacrifice of all Australians who served and died in wars, conflicts and peacekeeping operations. We also honour the courage and commitment of all servicemen and women.
In a parliamentary democracy, the representatives in parliament must answer to the people, through elections, for the decisions they make.
Parliament has the power to make and change the laws. Parliament is made up of representatives who are elected by the people of Australia.
The opal is Australia’s national gemstone. In Aboriginal legend, a rainbow touched the earth and created the colours of the opal.
Kangaroos are native Australian animals and emus are native Australian birds.
Advance Australia Fair Australians all let us rejoice, For we are young and free; We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil; Our home is girt by sea; Our land abounds in nature’s gifts Of beauty rich and rare; In history’s page, let every stage Advance Australia Fair. In joyful strains then let us sing, Advance Australia Fair.
Australia is a democracy. A democracy is a system of government in which citizens freely choose representatives to govern the country and make laws on their behalf. Australians believe in peace, respect, freedom and equality. An important part of being Australian is respecting other people’s differences and choices, even if you don’t agree with those choices. It is about treating people fairly and giving all Australians equal opportunities and freedoms, no matter where they come from, what their traditions are, or whether they are male or female.
Australia is a democracy. A democracy is a system of government in which citizens freely choose representatives to govern the country and make laws on their behalf.
Kangaroos are native Australian animals and emus are native Australian birds.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
‘Advance Australia Fair’ is Australia’s national anthem. It is sung on occasions of national importance. It is also sung at Australian citizenship ceremonies, major sporting events and at school. It unites the nation and is a public expression of the joy and pride in being Australian.
Australia’s national colours are green and gold, the colours of the golden wattle. The uniforms of our national sports teams are usually green and gold.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate. No one else sees who you vote for. You can tell other people who you vote for, but no one can force you to tell them.
Australia’s system of government is a parliamentary democracy. This means that all Australians are involved in how the country is governed. The power of the government comes from the Australian people because Australian citizens regularly vote for people to represent them in parliament. Only parliament has the power to make and change the laws that govern the country. In a parliamentary democracy, the representatives in parliament must answer to the people, through elections, for the decisions they make.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
A gold Commonwealth Star sits above the shield.
Australia’s national colours are green and gold, the colours of the golden wattle. The uniforms of our national sports teams are usually green and gold.
The background is the golden wattle, Australia’s national flower.
Australia’s national flower is the golden wattle. This small tree grows mainly in south-eastern Australia.
Australia’s national flower is the golden wattle. This small tree grows mainly in south-eastern Australia. It has bright green leaves and many golden yellow flowers in spring. Each of the states and territories of Australia also has its own floral emblem.
Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others. Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others. We are free to meet with people in public or private places for social or political discussion. We can criticise the government, peacefully protest against government decisions and campaign to change laws. We must also respect other people’s freedom of speech and freedom of expression.
We cannot make false allegations, encourage others to break the law or damage another person’s reputation. There are laws to protect a person’s good name against false information. It is against the law to try to make other people hate or act violently towards others because of their culture, ethnicity or background.
We are proud to live in a peaceful country with a stable system of government. We believe that change should occur through discussion, peaceful persuasion and the democratic process. We reject violence as a way to change a personâ€™s mind or the law.
Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others. Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others.
In Australia, there is a spirit of â€˜mateshipâ€™. This means we help and receive help from each other in times of need. A mate is often a friend, but can also be a total stranger. A mate might take a meal to an elderly neighbour, drive a friend to a medical appointment or visit someone who is lonely.
In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others. We cannot make false allegations, encourage others to break the law or damage another person’s reputation. There are laws to protect a person’s good name against false information.
In Australia, there is a spirit of ‘mateship’. This means we help and receive help from each other in times of need. A mate is often a friend, but can also be a total stranger. A mate might take a meal to an elderly neighbour, drive a friend to a medical appointment or visit someone who is lonely. Because of this spirit of mateship, many individual people and groups help others through voluntary community work. You can also be a volunteer. Volunteering can be very satisfying. It is also a great opportunity to share knowledge, learn new skills, and increase your sense of belonging to the Australian community. Our government also supports Australians in need through social security and other services.
Freedom of association: Australians are free to join any legal organisation, such as a political party, trade union, religious, cultural or social group. People can also decide not to join.
Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others.
We cannot make false allegations, encourage others to break the law or damage another person’s reputation. There are laws to protect a person’s good name against false information. It is against the law to try to make other people hate or act violently towards others because of their culture, ethnicity or background.
Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others. Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others.
Australia is a democracy. A democracy is a system of government in which citizens freely choose representatives to govern the country and make laws on their behalf.
Because of this spirit of mateship, many individual people and groups help others through voluntary community work. You can also be a volunteer. Volunteering can be very satisfying. It is also a great opportunity to share knowledge, learn new skills, and increase your sense of belonging to the Australian community. Our government also supports Australians in need through social security and other services.
All Australians are equal under the law and no person or group is above the law. This is called the â€˜rule of lawâ€™. People who hold positions of power in the Australian community must obey Australiaâ€™s laws. This includes government, community and religious leaders, as well as business people and the police.
People come to settle in Australia from countries all around the world. Many people have a different cultural heritage with different beliefs and traditions. In our democratic society, we are all free to follow and share these beliefs and traditions as long as they do not break Australian laws. We value this freedom and expect all Australians to treat each other with dignity and respect, regardless of their race, country of origin, gender, sexual preference, marital status, age, disability, heritage, culture, politics, wealth or religion. We value this mutual respect for the dignity of all people.
Both men and women have equal access to education and employment. Both men and women can vote and stand for parliament. Both men and women can join the Australian Defence Force and the police. Men and women are treated equally in courts of law.
Men and women have equal rights in Australia. It is against the law to discriminate against a person because of their gender.
Both men and women have equal access to education and employment. Both men and women can vote and stand for parliament. Both men and women can join the Australian Defence Force and the police. Men and women are treated equally in courts of law.
Everyone must obey Australiaâ€™s laws. If they donâ€™t obey the law, they may be arrested by the police and have to go to court.
Everyone must obey Australiaâ€™s laws. If they donâ€™t obey the law, they may be arrested by the police and have to go to court.
We value this freedom and expect all Australians to treat each other with dignity and respect, regardless of their race, country of origin, gender, sexual preference, marital status, age, disability, heritage, culture, politics, wealth or religion.
Australians do not believe in class distinctions in our society. Instead, we believe in a fair society, where everyone deserves a ‘fair go’. This means that what someone achieves in life should be a result of their hard work and talents, rather than their wealth or background. For example, a person should get a job or a promotion on the basis of their skills, ability and experience, not because of their background.
We are free to meet with people in public or private places for social or political discussion. We can criticise the government, peacefully protest against government decisions and campaign to change laws.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. A kangaroo and an emu support the shield on each side. Kangaroos are native Australian animals and emus are native Australian birds.
Australia has a Judaeo-Christian heritage, and many Australians describe themselves as Christians. Australia has public holidays on Christian days such as Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Christmas Day. However, the government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
Australia’s laws are important for all people living in Australia. Australians recognise the value of laws in maintaining a peaceful and orderly society. All Australians have the right to be protected by Australia’s laws. Everyone must obey Australia’s laws. If they don’t obey the law, they may be arrested by the police and have to go to court.
Most religions have rules, but these are not laws in Australia. For example, the process of divorce, including custody of children and property settlement, must follow laws passed by the Australian Parliament. All Australians have the right to be protected by these laws. Some religious or cultural practices, such as being married to more than one person at the same time, are against Australian law.
All Australians are equal under the law and no person or group is above the law. This is called the ‘rule of law’. People who hold positions of power in the Australian community must obey Australia’s laws. This includes government, community and religious leaders, as well as business people and the police.
Both men and women have equal access to education and employment. Both men and women can vote and stand for parliament. Both men and women can join the Australian Defence Force and the police. Men and women are treated equally in courts of law.
Both men and women have the right to make their own independent choices about personal matters such as marriage, and are protected by the law from intimidation or violence.
Australians do not believe in class distinctions in our society. Instead, we believe in a fair society, where everyone deserves a ‘fair go’. This means that what someone achieves in life should be a result of their hard work and talents, rather than their wealth or background. For example, a person should get a job or a promotion on the basis of their skills, ability and experience, not because of their background.
Australia has a Judaeo-Christian heritage, and many Australians describe themselves as Christians. Australia has public holidays on Christian days such as Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Christmas Day. However, the government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
Everyone must obey Australiaâ€™s laws. If they donâ€™t obey the law, they may be arrested by the police and have to go to court.
If you are an Australian citizen, you can apply to join the Australian Public Service and work for the Australian Government, for example, in Centrelink, Medicare or the Australian Taxation Office. Australian citizens also have the right to apply for a career in the Australian Defence Force (the Army, Navy and Air Force).
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections. Voting in local government elections is not compulsory in some states.
Jury service is a responsibility for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over. A jury is a group of ordinary Australian men and women who listen to the evidence in a court case and decide if a person is guilty or not guilty. Any Australian who is on the electoral roll may be called to serve on a jury. Jury service helps to make sure that the court system is open and fair.
As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
Jury service is a responsibility for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over. A jury is a group of ordinary Australian men and women who listen to the evidence in a court case and decide if a person is guilty or not guilty. Any Australian who is on the electoral roll may be called to serve on a jury. Jury service helps to make sure that the court system is open and fair.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections.
As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
As an Australian citizen you have the right to: vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum apply for work in the Australian Public Service or in the Australian Defence Force seek election to parliament apply for an Australian passport and re-enter Australia freely ask for consular assistance from an Australian official while overseas register children born overseas as Australian citizens by descent.
As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
As a citizen, you will vote regularly in federal and state or territory elections. Occasionally, you will vote in a referendum, which is a vote to change the Australian Constitution.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections. Voting in local government elections is not compulsory in some states.
Our representatives in government make laws to maintain an orderly, free and safe society and to protect our rights. All Australians must obey the laws made by the Australian Parliament, state and territory parliaments, and local government.
The role of the Governor-General : signs all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law (this is called Royal Assent) signs regulations performs ceremonial duties approves the appointment of the Australian Government and its ministers, federal judges and other officials. The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
As an Australian citizen you have the right to: vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum apply for work in the Australian Public Service or in the Australian Defence Force seek election to parliament apply for an Australian passport and re-enter Australia freely ask for consular assistance from an Australian official while overseas register children born overseas as Australian citizens by descent.
As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
As an Australian citizen you have the right to: vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum apply for work in the Australian Public Service or in the Australian Defence Force seek election to parliament apply for an Australian passport and re-enter Australia freely ask for consular assistance from an Australian official while overseas register children born overseas as Australian citizens by descent.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate. No one else sees who you vote for. You can tell other people who you vote for, but no one can force you to tell them.
Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others. Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate. No one else sees who you vote for. You can tell other people who you vote for, but no one can force you to tell them.
There are a number of laws in Australia that make sure a person is not treated differently to others because of their gender, race, disability or age. Men and women have equal rights in Australia. It is against the law to discriminate against a person because of their gender.
If you are an Australian citizen, you can apply to join the Australian Public Service and work for the Australian Government, for example, in Centrelink, Medicare or the Australian Taxation Office. Australian citizens also have the right to apply for a career in the Australian Defence Force (the Army, Navy and Air Force).
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over can seek election to parliament at the federal, state or territory level. It is both an honour and a serious responsibility to serve in an Australian parliament.
A member of the Australian Parliament proposes a new law or a change to the law. This proposal is called a Bill.
The Australian Constitution can only be changed through a special vote called a referendum.
Paying tax is another important way you directly contribute to the Australian community. Tax is paid out of the money you earn, whether it’s from a job, a business or investments.
Australian citizens may have children born overseas. They can register their children as Australian citizens. The children then have the same rights and responsibilities of citizenship as children born in Australia.
Both men and women have equal access to education and employment. Both men and women can vote and stand for parliament. Both men and women can join the Australian Defence Force and the police. Men and women are treated equally in courts of law.
The police maintain peace and order in the community. It is their job to protect life and property. They are independent of the government. If the police believe that someone has broken the law, they can arrest them and bring them before a court of law. The police may give evidence in court, but the court decides if a person is guilty or not.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections. Voting in local government elections is not compulsory in some states.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate. No one else sees who you vote for. You can tell other people who you vote for, but no one can force you to tell them.
In Australia, citizens aged 18 years or over must enrol to vote at federal elections. By voting, you get to have your say in who represents you in parliament. If you are not correctly enrolled, you are not able to vote in an election.
At the citizenship ceremony, you pledge to uphold and obey the laws of Australia. It is important for you to understand Australia’s system of government, how the laws are made in our parliamentary democracy and how these laws are administered. It is also important to understand how you, as a citizen, will have a say in the running of the country.
The Australian Constitution divides power between three arms of government. This is to stop one person or one group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia.
Tax is collected by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) from both businesses and individuals. The ATO works to ensure all citizens are aware of their tax rights and obligations to pay the correct amount of tax.
In a referendum, there needs to be a double majority for the Australian Constitution to be changed. This means that the majority of voters in a majority of states and a majority of voters across the nation must vote for the change.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll.
There are six states and two mainland territories in Australia. Each state has its own constitution and its own parliament. State and territory governments are based in their capital cities.
Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments.
Uniting the nation was a difficult task, but over a period of time, the idea of one Australian nation became a reality. Australians are proud of the fact that their nation did not emerge through revolution or bloodshed, but by negotiation and referendum. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
Parliament has the power to make and change the laws. Parliament is made up of representatives who are elected by the people of Australia.
Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments.
The Australian Constitution can only be changed through a special vote called a referendum.
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 is the legal document that sets out the basic rules for the government of Australia. The Australian Constitution was originally passed as part of a British Act of Parliament in 1900. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Australian Constitution divides power between three arms of government. This is to stop one person or one group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia. Legislative power: Parliament has the power to make and change the laws. Parliament is made up of representatives who are elected by the people of Australia. Executive power: Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments. Judicial power: Judges have the power to interpret and apply the law. Courts and judges are independent of parliament and government. These powers are written into the Australian Constitution.
In many countries, Australia has an embassy, high commission or consulate. While you are overseas, you can ask for help from an official in times of need. This includes emergencies such as civil unrest and natural disasters. Officials can also issue emergency passports and provide advice and support in the case of an accident, serious illness or death. When in another country, you must obey the laws of that country.
Paying tax is required by law. Tax is collected by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) from both businesses and individuals. The ATO works to ensure all citizens are aware of their tax rights and obligations to pay the correct amount of tax.
Before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. Within its borders, each colony had its own constitution and its own laws relating to defence, immigration, postage, trade and transport.
Judges have the power to interpret and apply the law. Courts and judges are independent of parliament and government.
The Australian Constitution established the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, created with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The Constitution also established the High Court of Australia, which has the power to apply and interpret the laws of Australia.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections. The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate.
The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
The Australian Government is also called the Federal Government or the Commonwealth Government.
The House of Representatives is sometimes called the Lower House or the People’s House. Australia is divided into federal electorates. Australians in each electorate vote for one person to represent them in the House of Representatives. This representative is called a Member of Parliament (MP).
Before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
Australia’s Head of State is the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties.
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 is the legal document that sets out the basic rules for the government of Australia. The Australian Constitution was originally passed as part of a British Act of Parliament in 1900. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia. The Australian Constitution established the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, created with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The Constitution also established the High Court of Australia, which has the power to apply and interpret the laws of Australia.
In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties.
Before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. Within its borders, each colony had its own constitution and its own laws relating to defence, immigration, postage, trade and transport.
The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
The number of MPs for each state and territory is based on the size of its population. The people of Australia elect a total of 150 members to the House of Representatives.
Queen Elizabeth II is Australia’s Head of State. She is the Queen of Australia and of the United Kingdom and lives in England. She has been a strong, stable presence throughout her long and popular reign.
On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
The House of Representatives is sometimes called the Lower House or the People’s House.
In Australia, you have the right to raise matters that concern you with your elected representative. Your views may then be taken into consideration by parliament when it is considering new laws or changes to existing laws. For example, if you have a suggestion about how to improve the immigration system, you can make an appointment to discuss it with your local member of parliament. You can also write a letter outlining your views.
The House of Representatives is sometimes called the Lower House or the Peopleâ€™s House.
Before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. Within its borders, each colony had its own constitution and its own laws relating to defence, immigration, postage, trade and transport.
The Australian Government is also called the Federal Government or the Commonwealth Government. The Australian Parliament has two Houses: the House of Representatives the Senate
When the Governor-General signs the Bill, it becomes a law. This is called Royal Assent.
People wanted to unite the colonies to form a single Australian nation for a number of reasons. Trade and transport between the colonies was expensive and slow. Enforcing the law across borders was difficult. The separate colonies also had weak systems of defence. More importantly, Australia’s national identity was beginning to form. Sporting teams were representing Australia internationally and a unique Australian culture was developing in popular songs, poems, stories and art.
State and territory governments are responsible for Railways.
The members of both Houses are directly elected by the Australian people at federal elections. When you vote in a federal election, you usually elect representatives to each House.
In Australia, citizens aged 18 years or over must enrol to vote at federal elections. By voting, you get to have your say in who represents you in parliament. If you are not correctly enrolled, you are not able to vote in an election. Parliament has the power to make and change the laws. Parliament is made up of representatives who are elected by the people of Australia.
The courts in Australia are responsible for interpreting and applying the law. They are independent of the government. The courts decide if a person has broken the law or not and decide the penalty The judge or magistrate is the highest authority in the court. Judges and magistrates are independent and no one can tell them what to decide.
The Australian Government is responsible for postal services and the communications network.
In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties.
The Australian Government is also called the Federal Government or the Commonwealth Government. The Australian Parliament has two Houses: the House of Representatives the Senate. The members of both Houses are directly elected by the Australian people at federal elections. When you vote in a federal election, you usually elect representatives to each House.
The Australian Government is responsible for Trade.
In Australia, citizens aged 18 years or over must enrol to vote at federal elections. By voting, you get to have your say in who represents you in parliament. If you are not correctly enrolled, you are not able to vote in an election. Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections. Voting in local government elections is not compulsory in some states.
Australia’s Head of State is the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
Australia is a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy is a country in which a king or queen is the head of state but has to act in accordance with the constitution. The Australian system of parliamentary democracy was based on the British system, developed over many centuries. In the Australian system, the leader of the Australian Government is the Prime Minister.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the States’ House. The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The role of the Governor-General: signs all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law (this is called Royal Assent) signs regulations performs ceremonial duties approves the appointment of the Australian Government and its ministers, federal judges and other officials. The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
Uniting the nation was a difficult task, but over a period of time, the idea of one Australian nation became a reality. Australians are proud of the fact that their nation did not emerge through revolution or bloodshed, but by negotiation and referendum. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the Statesâ€™ House.
The role of the Governor-General: signs all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law (this is called Royal Assent) signs regulations performs ceremonial duties approves the appointment of the Australian Government and its ministers, federal judges and other officials. The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
After an election, the political party or coalition of parties with the majority of members in the House of Representatives forms the Australian Government. The leader of this party becomes the leader of the Australian Government, the Prime Minister.
State and territory governments are responsible for Schools.
The Australian Constitution divides power between three arms of government. This is to stop one person or one group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia.
The leader of a territory government is the Chief Minister.
The leader of a state government is the Premier.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the States’ House.
State governments operate in a similar way to the Australian Government. In each state, a Governor represents the Queen of Australia. In the Northern Territory, an Administrator is appointed by the Governor-General. The role and responsibilities of the Administrator are similar to those of a state Governor.
The Australian Government is responsible for immigration and citizenship.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the States’ House.
State and territory governments are responsible for hospitals and health services.
Senators also consider, debate and vote on new laws or changes to the laws. Senators also discuss matters of national importance.
The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The Australian Government, State and territory governments, Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government).
The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The Australian Government is responsible for employment.
The Australian Government is responsible for foreign affairs (relations with other countries).
The Australian Government is responsible for social security (pensions and family support).
State governments operate in a similar way to the Australian Government. In each state, a Governor represents the Queen of Australia. In the Northern Territory, an Administrator is appointed by the Governor-General. The role and responsibilities of the Administrator are similar to those of a state Governor.
The Australian Government is responsible for taxation.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the States’ House. The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The Australian Government is responsible for foreign affairs (relations with other countries).
The Australian Government is responsible for national economic management.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for certain child-care and aged-care issues.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for social planning.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for camping grounds and caravan parks.
The party or coalition of parties with the second largest number of members in the House of Representatives is known as the Opposition. Its leader is called the Leader of the Opposition.
State and territory governments are responsible for rubbish collection.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for local roads, footpaths, bridges.
State and territory governments are responsible for forestry.
After an election, the political party or coalition of parties with the majority of members in the House of Representatives forms the Australian Government. The leader of this party becomes the leader of the Australian Government, the Prime Minister.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for drains.
State and territory governments are responsible for public transport.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for street signs, traffic controls.
A political party is a group of people who share similar ideas about how a country should be governed. They work together to have the party’s ideas turned into laws. The main political parties in Australia are the Australian Labor Party, the Liberal Party of Australia, the Nationals and the Australian Greens.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for food and meat inspection.
State and territory governments are responsible for public transport.
State and territory governments are responsible for parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, sports grounds.
Some responsibilities are shared between the various levels of government. The Council of Australian Government (COAG) has been set up to encourage cooperation between the levels of government.
State and territory governments are responsible for building permits.
Most members of parliament belong to political parties. Some members of parliament do not belong to any political party. They are called Independents. In Australia, you are free to join a political party if you choose.
Australia also has a national police force called the Australian Federal Police. The Australian Federal Police investigates crimes against federal laws, for example, drug trafficking, crimes against national security and crimes against the environment. The Australian Federal Police is also responsible for general police work in the Australian Capital Territory.
The judge or magistrate is the highest authority in the court. Judges and magistrates are independent and no one can tell them what to decide. Judges and magistrates are appointed by the government, but the government cannot take their jobs away if it disagrees with their decisions.
The party or coalition of parties with the second largest number of members in the House of Representatives is known as the Opposition. Its leader is called the Leader of the Opposition.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for local libraries, halls and community centres.
Most members of parliament belong to political parties. Some members of parliament do not belong to any political party. They are called Independents.
When the Governor-General signs the Bill, it becomes a law. This is called Royal Assent.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
The courts in Australia are responsible for interpreting and applying the law. They are independent of the government. The courts decide if a person has broken the law or not and decide the penalty. Every person has the right to be represented by a lawyer in court. Courts can only base their decision on the evidence before them.
Australia also has a national police force called the Australian Federal Police. The Australian Federal Police investigates crimes against federal laws, for example, drug trafficking, crimes against national security and crimes against the environment. The Australian Federal Police is also responsible for general police work in the Australian Capital Territory.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
It is a serious crime to bribe a police officer. It is a crime to even offer a bribe to a police officer.
Australia also has a national police force called the Australian Federal Police. The Australian Federal Police investigates crimes against federal laws, for example, drug trafficking, crimes against national security and crimes against the environment.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for noise and animal control.
After an election, the political party or coalition of parties with the majority of members in the House of Representatives forms the Australian Government. The leader of this party becomes the leader of the Australian Government, the Prime Minister. The party or coalition of parties with the second largest number of members in the House of Representatives is known as the Opposition. Its leader is called the Leader of the Opposition.
The police maintain peace and order in the community. It is their job to protect life and property. They are independent of the government. If the police believe that someone has broken the law, they can arrest them and bring them before a court of law. The police may give evidence in court, but the court decides if a person is guilty or not.
The police maintain peace and order in the community. It is their job to protect life and property. They are independent of the government. If the police believe that someone has broken the law, they can arrest them and bring them before a court of law. The police may give evidence in court, but the court decides if a person is guilty or not.
The judge or magistrate is the highest authority in the court. Judges and magistrates are independent and no one can tell them what to decide. Judges and magistrates are appointed by the government, but the government cannot take their jobs away if it disagrees with their decisions.
State and territory governments are responsible for roads and road traffic control.
As in other countries, violence towards another person is illegal in Australia and is a very serious crime. This includes violence within the home and within marriage, known as domestic or family violence.  Carrying weapons such as knives or guns is against the law in Australia. A person who wishes to own a gun, for example, for use on a farm, must first obtain a firearm licence from the police.
Traffic laws relating to speeding and driving after drinking alcohol or taking drugs are very strict. It is also against the law to talk on a hand-held mobile phone while driving.
The courts in Australia are responsible for interpreting and applying the law. They are independent of the government. The courts decide if a person has broken the law or not and decide the penalty. Every person has the right to be represented by a lawyer in court. Courts can only base their decision on the evidence before them.
Everybody travelling in a car must wear a seatbelt. Babies and young children must be in an approved car seat. Traffic laws relating to speeding and driving after drinking alcohol or taking drugs are very strict. It is also against the law to talk on a hand-held mobile phone while driving.
A member of the Australian Parliament proposes a new law or a change to the law. This proposal is called a Bill. The House of Representatives and the Senate consider, debate and vote on whether they agree with the Bill. If the majority of members in each House of Parliament agrees to the Bill, it goes to the Governor-General. When the Governor-General signs the Bill, it becomes a law. This is called Royal Assent.
If the majority of members in each House of Parliament agrees to the Bill, it goes to the Governor-General.
Road and traffic rules are controlled by state and territory governments. People can be fined large amounts of money or even sent to prison for breaking traffic laws. To drive a car in Australia, you must have a local driver’s licence and the car must be registered.
As in other countries, violence towards another person is illegal in Australia and is a very serious crime. This includes violence within the home and within marriage, known as domestic or family violence.  Carrying weapons such as knives or guns is against the law in Australia. A person who wishes to own a gun, for example, for use on a farm, must first obtain a firearm licence from the police.
Road and traffic rules are controlled by state and territory governments. People can be fined large amounts of money or even sent to prison for breaking traffic laws. To drive a car in Australia, you must have a local driver’s licence and the car must be registered.
South Australia has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions. Adelaide, the capital city, has many examples of fine colonial architecture.
Today, Australia has a population of about 25 million people. Over one quarter of these people were born overseas. Australia is greatly enriched by the contribution these people make to our nation. While we celebrate the diversity of Australia’s people, we also aim to build a cohesive and unified nation.
Anzac Day is observed on 25 April each year. Anzac Day is named after the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, which landed at Gallipoli in Turkey during World War I on 25 April 1915.
Australia’s national language is English. It is part of our national identity. Everyone in Australia is encouraged to learn and use English to help them participate in Australian society. Communicating in English is also important for making the most of living and working in Australia. Other languages are also valued. In Australia’s diverse society, over 200 languages are spoken.
A wave of non-British migration came after World War II, when millions of people in Europe had to leave their homelands. Large numbers came to Australia to build a new life.
New South Wales was the first colony established by the British. Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city. Sydney’s Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.
Canberra is home to important national institutions, such as Parliament House and the High Court of Australia.
In 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia. At that time, Australia’s population was counted at about four million people. This number did not include the Indigenous people.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area. The state is home to many large mining projects. About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth, the capital city.
Australia Day is the day that we honour our history and all the people who have made this nation great. It is a day to rejoice in the present and commit to a happy and prosperous future together. For this reason, it is a day when many citizenship ceremonies are held across the country.
Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city. Sydney’s Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.
Queensland is the second largest state. It has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast. Queensland’s capital city is Brisbane.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states. Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by the gold rush of the 1850s. Victoria’s capital city is Melbourne.
The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states and territories. There are six states and two mainland territories. Canberra is Australia’s capital city, and each state and mainland territory has its own capital.
The first governor of the colony of New South Wales was Captain Arthur Phillip. He overcame many problems in the first few years of European settlement. The colony survived and as more convicts and free settlers arrived, it grew and developed. More colonies were established in other parts of the country
As well as Anzac Day ceremonies, Remembrance Day is also a day on which Australians remember those who have served and died in war. At 11am on 11 November (the 11th month) each year, Australians pause to remember the sacrifice of the men and women who died or suffered in wars and conflicts, as well as all those who have served. We wear a red poppy on this day.
Canberra is Australia’s capital city, and each state and mainland territory has its own capital.
In 1851, gold was discovered in the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria. People from all around the world came to these colonies to try their luck at making a fortune. Chinese people arriving at this time were the first large group of migrants not from Europe. In 10 years, the population more than doubled.
Historically, Aboriginal people are from mainland Australia and Tasmania. They have lived here for between 40 000 and 60 000 years.
Australia’s system of government is a parliamentary democracy. This means that all Australians are involved in how the country is governed. The power of the government comes from the Australian people because Australian citizens regularly vote for people to represent them in parliament. Only parliament has the power to make and change the laws that govern the country.
In Australia, there is a spirit of ‘mateship’. This means we help and receive help from each other in times of need. A mate is often a friend, but can also be a total stranger. A mate might take a meal to an elderly neighbour, drive a friend to a medical appointment or visit someone who is lonely.
In our democratic society, we are all free to follow and share these beliefs and traditions as long as they do not break Australian laws.
Victoria is the smallest of the mainland states. Many fine buildings in Victoria were built from the wealth created by the gold rush of the 1850s. Victoria’s capital city is Melbourne.
South Australia has a rugged coastline and many famous wine regions. Adelaide, the capital city, has many examples of fine colonial architecture.
Responsibilities As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
Queensland is the second largest state. It has the Torres Strait Islands in the north, tropical rainforests, temperate coastal areas and an often dry inland. The world famous Great Barrier Reef runs along its eastern coast. Queensland’s capital city is Brisbane.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must register their name and address on the electoral roll. Once you are on the electoral roll, voting is compulsory for Australian citizens aged 18 years or over in federal and state or territory elections. Voting in local government elections is not compulsory in some states.
If you are an Australian citizen, you can apply to join the Australian Public Service and work for the Australian Government, for example, in Centrelink, Medicare or the Australian Taxation Office. Australian citizens also have the right to apply for a career in the Australian Defence Force (the Army, Navy and Air Force).
All Australians are equal under the law and no person or group is above the law. This is called the ‘rule of law’. People who hold positions of power in the Australian community must obey Australia’s laws. This includes government, community and religious leaders, as well as businesspeople and the police.
All Australians are equal under the law and no person or group is above the law. This is called the ‘rule of law’. People who hold positions of power in the Australian community must obey Australia’s laws. This includes government, community and religious leaders, as well as businesspeople and the police.
The Northern Territory has the tropics in the north and red desert soil in the south. Most of its small population live in the capital city, Darwin, and along the main highway between Darwin and Alice Springs, which is the main town near the centre of Australia.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
Our representatives in government make laws to maintain an orderly, free and safe society and to protect our rights. All Australians must obey the laws made by the Australian Parliament, state and territory parliaments, and local government.
The Australian Capital Territory is situated between Sydney and Melbourne. It is the site of the nation’s capital city, Canberra. Canberra is home to important national institutions, such as Parliament House and the High Court of Australia.
In a parliamentary democracy, the representatives in parliament must answer to the people, through elections, for the decisions they make.
Western Australia is the largest state. The east of the state is mostly desert, while the south-west is a rich agricultural and wine-growing area. The state is home to many large mining projects. About three-quarters of the state’s population lives in Perth, the capital city.
Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and is the nation’s largest city. Sydney’s Harbour Bridge and Opera House are national icons.
Responsibilities As an Australian citizen you must: obey the law vote in federal and state or territory elections, and in a referendum defend Australia should the need arise serve on a jury if called to do so.
Tasmania is the smallest state, separated from the mainland by Bass Strait. Much of the island has unspoilt wilderness landscapes. Tasmania’s capital city is Hobart.
The Australian Aboriginal Flag is black, red and yellow. It has three important parts, and the most common interpretation of the colours is: The top half is black and represents the Aboriginal people of Australia. The bottom half is red and represents the earth and a spiritual relation to the land. The yellow circle represents the sun.
When in another country, you must obey the laws of that country.
You have the right to apply for an Australian passport. As an Australian citizen, you are free to travel overseas and return to Australia. You do not need a visa to come back to Australia.
‘Advance Australia Fair’ is Australia’s national anthem. It is sung on occasions of national importance. It is also sung at Australian citizenship ceremonies, major sporting events and at school. It unites the nation and is a public expression of the joy and pride in being Australian.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over can seek election to parliament at the federal, state or territory level. It is both an honour and a serious responsibility to serve in an Australian parliament.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia. The shield in the centre represents the six states and federation.
In many countries, Australia has an embassy, high commission or consulate. While you are overseas, you can ask for help from an official in times of need.
The Torres Strait Islander Flag is green, blue, black and white.
Australia’s national flower is the golden wattle. This small tree grows mainly in south-eastern Australia.
Australia’s system of government is a parliamentary democracy. This means that all Australians are involved in how the country is governed. The power of the government comes from the Australian people because Australian citizens regularly vote for people to represent them in parliament. Only parliament has the power to make and change the laws that govern the country.
The power of the government comes from the Australian people because Australian citizens regularly vote for people to represent them in parliament. Only parliament has the power to make and change the laws that govern the country.
Australians believe in peace, respect, freedom and equality. An important part of being Australian is respecting other people’s differences and choices, even if you don’t agree with those choices. It is about treating people fairly and giving all Australians equal opportunities and freedoms, no matter where they come from, what their traditions are, or whether they are male or female.
Each of the states and territories of Australia also has its own floral emblem.
Australian citizens may have children born overseas. They can register their children as Australian citizens. The children then have the same rights and responsibilities of citizenship as children born in Australia.
Kangaroos are native Australian animals and emus are native Australian birds.
The Commonwealth Coat of Arms is the official symbol of the Commonwealth of Australia. It represents our national unity. It identifies the authority and property of the Commonwealth of Australia.
Australia is a democracy. A democracy is a system of government in which citizens freely choose representatives to govern the country and make laws on their behalf.
Australia is a democracy. Citizenship gives you the opportunity to fully participate in building our democratic nation.
Australian citizens aged 18 years or over can seek election to parliament at the federal, state or territory level. It is both an honour and a serious responsibility to serve in an Australian parliament.
Australians are free to join any legal organisation, such as a political party, trade union, religious, cultural or social group. People can also decide not to join.
Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments.
Australians are also free to not follow a religion. The government treats all citizens equally, whatever their religion or beliefs. This mix of religions contributes to making Australia a vibrant multicultural society.
The Australian Constitution established the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, created with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The Constitution also established the High Court of Australia, which has the power to apply and interpret the laws of Australia.
Australians do not believe in class distinctions in our society. Instead, we believe in a fair society, where everyone deserves a ‘fair go’. This means that what someone achieves in life should be a result of their hard work and talents, rather than their wealth or background. For example, a person should get a job or a promotion on the basis of their skills, ability and experience, not because of their background.
Citizens of Australia elect people to represent them in the Australian Parliament. The Australian Parliament makes and changes laws to benefit the nation.
Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments.
The Australian Constitution divides power between three arms of government. This is to stop one person or one group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia. Legislative power: Parliament has the power to make and change the laws. Parliament is made up of representatives who are elected by the people of Australia. Executive power: Executive power is the power to put the laws into practice. The Executive includes Australian Government ministers and the Governor-General. Each minister is responsible for one or more government departments. Judicial power: Judges have the power to interpret and apply the law. Courts and judges are independent of parliament and government. These powers are written into the Australian Constitution.
The government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
Judges have the power to interpret and apply the law. Courts and judges are independent of parliament and government.
Freedom of expression allows people to express their views through art, film, music and literature. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others.
Australia’s Head of State is the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
In a referendum, there needs to be a double majority for the Australian Constitution to be changed. This means that the majority of voters in a majority of states and a majority of voters across the nation must vote for the change.
Freedom of speech allows people to say and write what they think and to discuss their ideas with others. In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others.
The Australian Constitution divides power between three arms of government. This is to stop one person or one group of people taking over all the power to govern Australia.
The government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
In Australia, we are free to say and write what we think, privately or publicly, about any topic. However, we cannot harm others. We must also respect other people’s freedom of speech and freedom of expression.
The Australian Constitution can only be changed through a special vote called a referendum. In a referendum, there needs to be a double majority for the Australian Constitution to be changed. This means that the majority of voters in a majority of states and a majority of voters across the nation must vote for the change.
The Australian Constitution established the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, created with a House of Representatives and a Senate. The Constitution also established the High Court of Australia, which has the power to apply and interpret the laws of Australia.
Australia has a Judaeo-Christian heritage, and many Australians describe themselves as Christians. Australia has public holidays on Christian days such as Good Friday, Easter Sunday and Christmas Day. However, the government in Australia is secular. This means that there is no official national religion.
Mayor or Shire President: The leader of a local council.
Councillor: An elected member of a local council.
The leader of a territory government is the Chief Minister.
Before 1901, Australia was made up of six separate, self-governing British colonies. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia.
The important work of the House of Representatives is to consider, debate and vote on proposals for new laws or changes to the laws. Members of the House of Representatives also discuss matters of national importance.
Australia is divided into federal electorates. Australians in each electorate vote for one person to represent them in the House of Representatives. This representative is called a Member of Parliament (MP).
The people of Australia elect a total of 150 members to the House of Representatives.
The House of Representatives is sometimes called the Lower House or the People’s House.
Uniting the nation was a difficult task, but over a period of time, the idea of one Australian nation became a reality. Australians are proud of the fact that their nation did not emerge through revolution or bloodshed, but by negotiation and referendum. On 1 January 1901, the colonies were united into a federation of states called the Commonwealth of Australia.
The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 is the legal document that sets out the basic rules for the government of Australia. The Australian Constitution was originally passed as part of a British Act of Parliament in 1900. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia.
The number of MPs for each state and territory is based on the size of its population. The people of Australia elect a total of 150 members to the House of Representatives.
The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is a Commonwealth agency. It conducts federal elections and referendums and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC helps to provide voters with fair and honest elections.
In Australia, you have the right to raise matters that concern you with your elected representative. Your views may then be taken into consideration by parliament when it is considering new laws or changes to existing laws. For example, if you have a suggestion about how to improve the immigration system, you can make an appointment to discuss it with your local member of parliament. You can also write a letter outlining your views.
Paying tax is required by law. Tax is collected by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) from both businesses and individuals. The ATO works to ensure all citizens are aware of their tax rights and obligations to pay the correct amount of tax.
The leader of a state government is the Premier.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
Paying tax is required by law. Tax is collected by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) from both businesses and individuals. The ATO works to ensure all citizens are aware of their tax rights and obligations to pay the correct amount of tax.
The AEC is independent of the government. Political parties or people in government cannot influence the decisions of the AEC. Votes are by secret ballot, so you are free and safe to vote for any candidate.
The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 is the legal document that sets out the basic rules for the government of Australia. The Australian Constitution was originally passed as part of a British Act of Parliament in 1900. On 1 January 1901, when the Constitution took effect, the Australian colonies became one independent nation, the Commonwealth of Australia.
Councils are responsible for planning and delivering services to their local community. Citizens in each local government area vote to elect their local councillors.
The Australian Government is responsible for taxation.
In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties.
The Australian Government is responsible for social security (pensions and family support).
The states and the Northern Territory are divided into local government areas. These may be called cities, shires, towns or municipalities. Each area has its own local council.
The Australian Government is responsible for employment.
The Australian Government is responsible for immigration and citizenship.
Australia is a constitutional monarchy. A constitutional monarchy is a country in which a king or queen is the head of state but has to act in accordance with the constitution.
State governments operate in a similar way to the Australian Government. In each state, a Governor represents the Queen of Australia. In the Northern Territory, an Administrator is appointed by the Governor-General. The role and responsibilities of the Administrator are similar to those of a state Governor.
The Australian Government is responsible for postal services and the communications network.
Prime Minister: The leader of the Australian Government.
In Australia, the Queen does not have a day-to-day role in government. The Queen appoints the Governor-General as her representative in Australia, on advice from the Australian Prime Minister. The Governor-General acts independently of all political parties.
The Governor-General signs all Bills passed by the Australian Parliament into law (this is called Royal Assent).
The party or coalition of parties with the second largest number of members in the House of Representatives is known as the Opposition. Its leader is called the Leader of the Opposition.
The Governor-General also has special powers known as ‘reserve powers’ that can only be used in specific circumstances.
The Australian Government is responsible for defence.
In each of the states there is a Governor who represents the Queen in a role that is similar to the Governor-General.
In each of the states there is a Governor who represents the Queen in a role that is similar to the Governor-General.
The Australian system of parliamentary democracy was based on the British system, developed over many centuries. In the Australian system, the leader of the Australian Government is the Prime Minister.
In each of the states there is a Governor who represents the Queen in a role that is similar to the Governor-General.
The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
State and territory governments are responsible for hospitals and health services.
State and territory governments are responsible for forestry.
Both mainland territories elect two representatives each.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for street signs, traffic controls.
Members of the House of Representatives also discuss matters of national importance. Senators also consider, debate and vote on new laws or changes to the laws. Senators also discuss matters of national importance.
There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
The Australian Government is responsible for airports and air safety.
The Australian Government is responsible for trade.
There are six states and two mainland territories in Australia. Each state has its own constitution and its own parliament. State and territory governments are based in their capital cities.
State and territory governments are responsible for public transport.
State and territory governments are responsible for schools.
State and territory governments are responsible for roads and road traffic control.
The Australian Government is responsible for foreign affairs (relations with other countries).
State and territory governments are responsible for railways.
The Senate is sometimes called the Upper House, the House of Review or the States’ House.
State and territory governments are responsible for police.
The states are equally represented in the Senate, regardless of their population size. There are 12 representatives elected from each state. Both mainland territories elect two representatives each. There are 76 representatives elected in total and they are called Senators.
In the Northern Territory, an Administrator is appointed by the Governor-General. The role and responsibilities of the Administrator are similar to those of a state Governor.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
Citizens of Australia elect people to represent them in the Australian Parliament. The Australian Parliament makes and changes laws to benefit the nation.
A member of the Australian Parliament proposes a new law or a change to the law. This proposal is called a Bill.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, sports grounds.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for camping grounds and caravan parks.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for noise and animal control.
If the majority of members in each House of Parliament agrees to the Bill, it goes to the Governor-General.
Most members of parliament belong to political parties. Some members of parliament do not belong to any political party. They are called Independents.
When the Governor-General signs the Bill, it becomes a law. This is called Royal Assent.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for building permits.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for social planning.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for rubbish collection.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for drains.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for food and meat inspection.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for local libraries, halls and community centres.
The Prime Minister chooses MPs or Senators to become ministers. Ministers are responsible for important areas of government (called portfolios), such as employment, Indigenous affairs or the Treasury. Ministers with the most senior portfolios make up the Cabinet, which is the key decision making body of the Australian Government.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for local environmental issues.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for certain child-care and aged-care issues.
The judge or magistrate is the highest authority in the court. Judges and magistrates are independent and no one can tell them what to decide.
Some responsibilities are shared between the various levels of government. The Council of Australian Government (COAG) has been set up to encourage cooperation between the levels of government.
Judges and magistrates are appointed by the government, but the government cannot take their jobs away if it disagrees with their decisions.
Constitutional monarchy: A country in which a king or queen is the head of state, whose powers are limited by the constitution. Our Constitution established the Commonwealth of Australia as a constitutional monarchy, with the King or Queen of the United Kingdom as our Head of State.
It is also against the law to talk on a hand-held mobile phone while driving.
Coalition: The joining of two or more political parties, usually to form a government or opposition. After the election, there was no party with a majority in the House of Representatives, so two parties with similar ideas joined to form a coalition.
Carrying weapons such as knives or guns is against the law in Australia. A person who wishes to own a gun, for example, for use on a farm, must first obtain a firearm licence from the police.
Commission: A group of people with an official responsibility. An independent commission organises the elections.
Carrying weapons such as knives or guns is against the law in Australia. A person who wishes to own a gun, for example, for use on a farm, must first obtain a firearm licence from the police.
The states and the Northern Territory have their own police forces. They deal with crimes under state and territory laws.
Local governments (and the Australian Capital Territory Government) are responsible for local roads, footpaths, bridges.
The Constitution also established the High Court of Australia, which has the power to apply and interpret the laws of Australia.
Economic deprivation: A form of domestic violence, where one partner in a relationship prevents the other partner from receiving or handling money. Lin experienced economic deprivation because her husband gave her no money.
Australia also has a national police force called the Australian Federal Police. The Australian Federal Police investigates crimes against federal laws, for example, drug trafficking, crimes against national security and crimes against the environment. The Australian Federal Police is also responsible for general police work in the Australian Capital Territory.

It is a serious crime to bribe a police officer. It is a crime to even offer a bribe to a police officer.
Drug trafficking: Carrying or buying drugs to sell illegally. Roy was sent to jail for drug trafficking.
Everybody travelling in a car must wear a seatbelt. Babies and young children must be in an approved car seat.
Democracy: Government by the people through elected representatives. Grace was happy to live in a democracy where she could vote for her representative in parliament.
Court: A place where legal cases are heard by a judge or magistrate. When people break the law, they may go to court.
Criminal trial: A hearing of facts by a court to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty of an alleged crime. After the criminal trial, the bank robber was sent to jail.
Road and traffic rules are controlled by state and territory governments. People can be fined large amounts of money or even sent to prison for breaking traffic laws.
Mateship: Helping and receiving help from others, especially in difficult times. When my car broke down, the other drivers helped to push it in the spirit of mateship.
Liberties (liberty): Personal freedom and independence. In our democratic society, people have freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of religion and freedom of association. We value these liberties.
Enforce the law: To make sure that people follow the law. Police enforce the law and keep the peace.
Representative: A person who acts or speaks for others. My local council representative liked my idea and presented it at the council meeting.
Review: To consider a proposal for a new law and decide whether to accept or reject it. The Senate, as the House of Review, debated a taxation Bill from the Lower House.
Volunteer: A person who gives their time to a person or organisation without expecting payment. Raza is a volunteer who teaches people English in their homes.
Permanent resident: A person who has a visa to work and live in Australia with no time limit. Abdul’s Japanese neighbour is a permanent resident of Australia and works at a bank.
Electoral roll: The list of people entitled to vote in an election or referendum. When Jan arrived at the voting centre, the official looked for her name on the electoral roll.
Shire: A local government area. The roads in my shire are very safe.
Secret ballot: A system of voting where people vote privately, so no one can influence or pressure them to vote in a certain way. In a secret ballot, no one else watches while you write your vote.
forced isolation: A form of domestic violence where one partner in a relationship controls who the other partner sees and talks to, what they read and where they go. Sandi was in forced isolation because her husband did not allow her to visit friends or family.
Magistrate: A judge of a lower court. The magistrate found the thief guilty and sent him to jail.
Referendum: A vote by all voters on a proposed change to the Australian Constitution. In a 1967 referendum, the people voted to count Indigenous Australians in the census.
Judaeo-Christian: Of both the Jewish and the Christian religions. Judaeo-Christian values are those based on lessons from the Bible.
Social security: Government pensions or benefits to help unemployed people, disabled people, elderly people and others in need. When Trang lost her job, she had to apply for social security.
First Fleet: The group of 11 ships which set out from Britain under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On Australia Day we remember the landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788.
Election: An event in which citizens choose a person to represent them in parliament. Australian citizens aged 18 years or over must vote in an election.
Federation: The union of colonies into one nation with the colonies retaining certain powers. In 1901, the colonies were united into a federation called the Commonwealth of Australia.
Parliamentary democracy: A system of government based on the regular election of representatives to parliament by the citizens. In a parliamentary democracy, the people vote for their representatives.